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PRATTS PRACTICAL POINTERS ON THE CARE OF LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY



THE PRATT FOOD COMPANY OF CANADA, Limited, maintains its established
position of leadership, after nearly half a century of business service,
because of the sustained good will of those whom it serves.

Better products than anyone else could produce, plus expert, personal,
whole-hearted service, built that good will. And retained it through all
these years.

It was the constant aim and effort of those who founded this business,
and of those who have carried out the founders' work to the present, to
anticipate the needs of the industry, to co-operate with the individuals
in it, to show their vital interest in the success of their customers.

These principles of business practice won the good will that established
this company as the authority in its important field.

Our future success depends upon the continuance of that good will. Our
appreciation of that fact is your best assurance that in the future the
services of this company, as well as the superiority of its products,
will justify the confidence and good will of the thousands to whom the
name of _Pratt_ is but another name for _Quality_ and _Service_.




~PROFITABLE LIVESTOCK~

[Illustration: Farm Animals]


~INTRODUCTION~


Animal husbandry is the sure foundation of profitable, permanent
agriculture. Where many animals are kept and their manure properly cared
for and returned to the land, the soil becomes richer and
crop-production steadily increases. And the farmer grows rich with his
land.

Further, the keeping of live stock distributes the farm labor and the
farm income over the entire year. This is true whether meat, milk or
eggs are the money crops. And certainly both factors are worthy of
consideration from a straight business standpoint. With labor as
valuable as it is at present, lost time cuts into the profits. And when
the income is regular, not concentrated in a short period or dependent
upon the success of a single crop, the matter of farm finance is much
simplified.

Consider the richest and most desirable agricultural sections of our
great land. With very few exceptions, the best and most valuable farms
are those which are heavily stocked with domestic animals. Here, too,
are found the finest farm homes, the most prosperous and contented farm
families. And this fact, which is so well established that it requires
no argument, plainly shows that _animal husbandry pays_.

In the following pages you will find much valuable information
regarding the proper care--in health and sickness--of horses, cattle,
swine, sheep and poultry.

We trust, and believe that you will find it most helpful in connection
with your work. That it will enable you to be more successful, earn
bigger profits.

Right at the start we wish to emphasize two facts which are really
fundamental and which are recognized by the most successful stock
keepers. The first is this: It does not pay to keep scrub stock, animals
which cannot under any conditions give the big returns. The second: No
animal, regardless of breeding, can do its best work unless it is kept
in perfect physical condition.

The selection of your animals is up to you. Get good ones. Than _keep
them good_ and _make them better_. The Pratt line of stock and poultry
preparations, regulators, tonics, disinfectants and remedies, will help
you greatly. Made for nearly fifty years by America's pioneer concern in
this line, each article is the best of its kind, each is backed by this
square-deal guarantee--"Your Money Back If You Are Not Satisfied."

                         PRATT FOOD COMPANY

               Philadelphia      Chicago      Toronto

                        ~THE PRATT GUARANTEE~

              "~Your Money Back If YOU Are Not Satisfied~"

The Pratt Food Company believes in fair play. We desire that our
millions of customers _shall receive full value_ for every cent they
spend in purchasing our goods. And to that end we spare no expense in
making each article in the Pratt Line just as good, just as efficient,
as is humanly possible.

More than that, we wish each customer to be _completely satisfied_. If
for any reason any article bearing the Pratt trade-mark fails to give
such satisfaction, the full purchase price will be refunded on demand by
the dealer who made the sale.

You can buy and use Pratts Stock and Poultry Preparations with fullest
confidence because you are protected by

      ~The Guarantee That Has Stood For Nearly Fifty Years~

               Copyright, 1919, by Pratt Food Co.




~PRATTS PRACTICAL POINTERS~


~HORSES~


While the automobile and the tractor are now doing much of the work
formerly done by horses, the "horseless era" is still far off. A good
horse will always be worth good money, will always be a desirable and
profitable member of the farm family. But the undersized no-breed
specimen will be even less valuable in the future than in the past.

The great demand for horses for army use and the high prices paid by the
Government, tempted horse breeders and farmers to dispose of the fine
specimens which alone met the exacting requirements of army buyers. It
will take years to make good this tremendous wastage of horse flesh. But
this is a big opportunity for breeders of good horses and we may expect
them to make the most of it.

Prices of really desirable horses are now high. If you have a good one,
take good care of him. Protect his health, lengthen his life. If you
must buy, be sure that you get a sound animal which will serve you long
and faithfully.

See the horse in his stall. If he has a spavin he will hop on one leg
when made to "get over," or jerk it up as he backs out if he is affected
with chorea (St. Vitus' dance). In the latter disease the tail is
suddenly raised and quivers when the animal backs out of stall. Watch to
see if the horse "cribs" and "sucks wind": also that he is not vicious
in the stall. Stand him at rest on a level floor before exercise. If he
is lame he will rest the sore foot.

Examine both sides of the horse. The dealer may stand the "bad side"
next to a wall. Pick up each foot in turn. Suspect something wrong if he
wears bar shoes, special shape shoes, leather soles or rubber pads.
Remove all such things and examine carefully before buying.

[Illustration: ~PERCHERON HORSE~]


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Englewood, Colo.

      I have had many dealings with rundown horses, both in the draft
      and hot blood classes, and Pratts goods have always brought them
      out on top.

     JAS. S. KINSLEY, JR._
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Reject for contracted feet, steep heels, shrunken frogs and bars,
dropped soles, corns, quarter cracks and signs of founder. See that hoof
dressing does not cover evidences of un-soundness. Following bad
attacks of founder the hoof grows out long at the toes, shows marked
grooves and ridges, is convex at the points of the frogs, and the horse
tends to thrust his forefeet out in front when standing and walks and
trots on his heels. Ringbones are indicated by hard bony enlargements on
the pastern; side-bones, by similar enlargements at the quarters just
above juncture of horn and hair. Examine front of knees for scars
indicating results of stumbling and falling. Similar scars on the inside
of knees and fetlocks indicate objectionable cutting and interfering.
Shoulders and hips should be smooth, well covered, and free from tumors
or sores. No sores should be seen on back or top of neck under collar.

Examine teeth for age and soundness. See that eyes are of like color,
are sound, and the eyelids whole.

The horse should allow one to examine his ears, and should neither hold
them absolutely still nor keep them constantly moving. Still ears may
indicate deafness; restless ones, poor eyesight or nervousness.

See that the horse goes sound and does not "roar" when galloped. Give
him all the water he will drink before testing for "wind." It will bring
out the characteristic symptoms of "heaves" if he has been "doped."
Heaves is indicated by labored bellows-like action of the abdominal
muscles when breathing. Examine the nostrils, as sponges or squeezed
lemons may have been inserted to hide roaring.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Madison, Wis.

      I think every man that owns horses should have Pratts Animal
      Regulator on hand. I am a teamster and find it of great benefit to
      my horses, whether run down or not.

      HARRY E. BURMEISTER_
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[Illustration: ~CLYDESDALE HORSE~]

A spavined horse starts out lame for a few steps or rods and then goes
sound. A lame shoulder causes dragging of the toe and rolling when in
motion. A ring-bone causes an extra long step and lameness increases
with exercise. Stifle lameness causes walking on the heels of shoe and
consequent wearing of the iron. Hip lameness causes outward rolling of
the leg in trotting, and wasting of the muscles of stifle and hip leads
to a characteristic drop. See that the horse's tail is sound, has not
been joined on and is free from sores, tumors or evidences of recent
docking. Always remember to back the horse up as well as drive or ride
him and see that he is not only sound and gentle but suitable for the
special work he will be required to do.

[Illustration: Care of the Horse]


~Care of the Horse~

A grown work horse requires daily about one pound of grain (concentrate)
for each hundred pounds of live weight. Of hay he will need a slightly
larger amount or about fourteen to eighteen pounds a day, according to
size, weight, and character of work done. The idle horse will do well on
less grain and more roughage.

For a farm horse, 10 pounds of oats, 5 pounds of corn, and 3 pounds of
bran, divided into three equal feeds, will make a suitable ration for
one day.

The corn may be fed at noon to give variety. For the evening meal
crushed oats, bran, and a few handfuls of cut hay, wetted and salted,
will be relished. The bulk of the hay should be fed at night, and but
two or three pounds of it at noon, during hot weather. Avoid dusty hay.
Clover hay is apt to be moldy. It is suitable food for work horses, or
idle drafters, if sound and not too liberally fed. Increase the corn in
cold weather. Omit it in hot weather entirely. Alfalfa is of high
feeding value, but if moldy, or fed as a well-nigh exclusive ration, is
apt to affect the kidneys injuriously. It is deemed unsafe food for
stallions, as it is said to induce impotence or sterility.

Horses should drink _before_ they eat, unless they have ready access to
fresh water. It is best to allow drinking water often in small
quantities, even if the horse is hot. So used it will not hurt him. The
horse's stomach holds three and one-half gallons. Water flows through
the stomach along seventy or more feet of small intestine, into the
"waterbag." Hay is not digested to any extent in the stomach. That organ
cares for the concentrated food. Theoretically, a horse should drink
first, then eat hay, then grain. Practically no great amount of water
should be taken just after a meal as it tends to flush undigested food
out of the stomach; nor should it be given soon after a meal.

All stables, pens, out houses, poultry houses and yards should be
regularly disinfected every week; nothing better can be used than Pratts
Dip and Disinfectant.

This preparation is entirely free from all dangerous substances,
arsenic, mercury, etc., but full of medicinal qualities and properties
which make it most effective without the dangerous results which are
experienced with many other preparations, such as carbolic acid, etc. It
kills disease germs and prevents contagious diseases from spreading.

Farm horses do not need blanketing in the stable under ordinary
circumstances. A thin sheet in the stable keeps off flies and dust and
is necessary. Pratts Fly Chaser is a proved and safe fly repellant. It
does not gum the hair. Its efficiency is unequalled.

If a horse sweats under the blanket, uncover his rear parts. Always tuck
the blanket about a horse's chest when standing on the street in
inclement weather or when cooling off. Rubber loin covers, used on
carriage horses in wet weather, should be perforated. In the spring, the
amount of Pratts Animal Regulator given should be somewhat increased.
This will put the horse into condition in much less time, and be of
great assistance in helping to shed readily.


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     _Winthrop, N.Y.

      I have used Pratts Animal Regulator for the past three years and
      have found it very successful with both horses and hogs._

      THOS. J. O'DONNELL._
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+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|             ~INSURE LIVE STOCK HEALTH AND VIGOR~                        |
|                                                                         |
|Don't permit your hard-working, heavy-producing or fast-growing animals  |
|to become run-down and out of condition. It's much easier and less       |
|expensive to _keep_ them right than to restore them to perfect health.   |
|                                                                         |
|The regular use of Pratts Animal Regulator absolutely insures health and |
|vigor in live stock of all kinds. It keeps healthy animals in the pink   |
|of condition; it quickly puts half-sick, unprofitable stock in the       |
|money-making class.                                                      |
|                                                                         |
|Pratts Animal Regulator, America's original guaranteed Stock Tonic and   |
|Conditioner, is not a food. It is a combination of roots, herbs, spices  |
|and medicines which sharpen appetite and improves digestion, regulates   |
|the bowels, makes rich, red blood, and _naturally_ invigorates the       |
|organs of production. It promotes growth, improves health and strength,  |
|increases production. And all at very little cost.                       |
|                                                                         |
|Packed in handy cartons, pails and boxes. The larger sizes are more      |
|economical.                                                              |
|                                                                         |
|[Illustration: Pratts Animal Regulator]                                  |
|                                                                         |
|              ~IF DISEASE APPEARS, CURE IT QUICK~                        |
|                                                                         |
|Early treatment is most necessary. Do not let the disorder become firmly |
|seated before you attack it. Keep these Pratts Remedies on hand and use  |
|them _at once_ if needed. Delay may mean the loss of a valuable animal.  |
|                                                                         |
|                                                                         |
|~PRATTS COLIC REMEDY~                                                    |
|                                                                         |
|A quick certain cure for colic and acute indigestion in horses. Has a    |
|record of 998 cures out of 1,000 cases.                                  |
|                                                                         |
|Keep a bottle in each wagon and in your stable.                          |
|                                                                         |
|                                                                         |
|~PRATTS DISTEMPER and PINK EYE REMEDY~                                   |
|                                                                         |
|It goes direct to the cause of the disease, purifies the blood, prevents |
|weakening of the internal organs caused by impure blood or poisoned by   |
|absorbing the impure matter from the abscesses.                          |
|                                                                         |
|                                                                         |
|~PRATTS HEALING OINTMENT~                                                |
|                                                                         |
|A splendid antiseptic ointment for man or beast. Keep a box on hand for  |
|cuts, burns, sores, scratches, eczema, galls, etc.                       |
|                                                                         |
|                                                                         |
|~PRATTS WORM POWDER~                                                     |
|                                                                         |
|is a special preparation for the destruction of all kinds of worms in    |
|horses, cows, hogs and sheep. It is purely vegetable and is              |
|unquestionably the quickest, surest and most thorough worm destroyer     |
|procurable.                                                              |
|                                                                         |
|                                                                         |
|~PRATTS LINIMENT~                                                        |
|                                                                         |
|For man or beast. The best thing in the world for lameness, sprains,     |
|bruises, thrush, kicks, shoe boils, etc. A bottle should be kept in      |
|every medicine chest.                                                    |
|                                                                         |
|                                                                         |
|~PRATTS HEAVE REMEDY~                                                    |
|                                                                         |
|A positive guaranteed remedy for heaves, coughs and colds. It cures      |
|coughs and colds by strengthening the digestive and respiratory organs,  |
|and counteracts the inflammation and irritation.                         |
|                                                                         |
|Try a box on your "heavy" horse.                                         |
|                                                                         |
|                                                                         |
|~PRATTS HEALING POWDER~                                                  |
|                                                                         |
|A guaranteed remedy for harness galls, sores, grease heel, bleeding      |
|ulcers, etc. It will arrest hemorrhage and check blood flow. Dirt and    |
|dust cannot get into wounds, as the Powder forms a coating over them.    |
|                                                                         |
|                                                                         |
|~PRATTS FLY CHASER~                                                      |
|                                                                         |
|Gives comfort to Horses and Cows. Insures more milk and prevents         |
|annoyance at milking time to both the milker and the cow. Guaranteed to  |
|satisfy.                                                                 |
|                                                                         |
|                                                                         |
|Sold by 60,000 Pratts dealers. There is one near you.                    |
|                                                                         |
|            "~YOUR MONEY BACK IF YOU ARE NOT SATISFIED~"                 |
|                                                                         |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+


Always go to a horseshoer who thoroughly understands the anatomy of
the horse's foot.

[Illustration: ~MORGAN HORSE~]

The hoof is not an insensitive mass of horn, to be cut, rasped, burned,
nail-pierced, and hammered without causing pain or injury. It is a thin
mass of horn overlying and intimately attached to a sensitive, blood and
nerve-endowed tissue called the "quick" which is capable of suffering
excruciating agony.

The slices should be made to fit the hoof and need to be reset once a
month.

The permanent teeth are forty--twenty-four grinders, twelve front teeth
and four tusks, except in mares, which seldom have tusks. The age of a
horse can be told more or less accurately by the teeth.

The teeth are liable to disease and should be closely watched.

Bad teeth are often an unsuspected cause of indigestion, loss of
condition, bad coat, slobbering and other troubles which puzzle the
owner. Horses very often have decayed teeth, and suffer with toothache.
These teeth should be removed.


~Horse Diseases~

If horses and cattle were left free to roam as Nature intended, many of
their present-day ailments would be unknown. Man has taken these animals
from Nature's broad garden, and confined them to the narrow limits of
stable and stall. No longer can they seek out and instinctively find
just those roots, herbs, seeds, and barks which their systems demand.

This explains why Pratts Animal Regulator has been used by successful
horsemen for nearly a half century, as it is largely composed of these
same vegetable ingredients from Nature's garden.

Merit and quality count, and while hosts of imitators have sprung up,
none have ever come near equalling our product. Pratts Animal Regulator
restores to the animals their natural constitutions and functions,
supplying just that which they formerly had, but now lack. While not a
cure for every disease, it is a positive preventive of the most common
disorders.

It aids digestion and insures the animal receiving full benefit of its
food; purifies the blood and keeps the bowels free and regular. After
you have accomplished these three things, you need not fear disease in
the shape of colic, bloat, heaves, hide-bound, distemper, constipation,
worms, and the like.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------

     _I shall be pleased to recommend Pratts Animal Regulator always, as
     my horse has gained in strength and weight and is looking fine,
     always having a glossy coat. He works hard every day in the dray
     business._

     _H.G. AMERINE._

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~Barb-Wire Cuts~

Clean with soap and water, and apply Pratts Healing Ointment or Pratts
Healing Powder. These remedies heal naturally and leave no dangerous
scar.


~Colds~

_Symptoms._--A dull appearance of the horse, rough coat; the body will
be hot in parts and cold in others; running of the eyes and a discharge
from the nose.

_Treatment._--Keep the horse warm and free from draughts; use nose bag
and give Pratts Heave, Cough and Cold Remedy according to directions. It
never fails. Give nourishing feed and bran mashes and Pratts Animal
Regulator daily.


~Colic~

Common causes of colic are sudden changes of food; feeding too much or
too seldom; feeding when the horse is hot and tired; watering or working
too soon after a meal; feeding new oats, or new hay, or grass; or, in
short, anything that is apt to derange digestion. There are various
forms of colic. In cramp (spasmodic) colic, pains come and go and the
horse rolls violently and fearlessly. In wind (flatulent) colic there is
bloating of the right flank and the horse lies down, rolls without
violence, breathes with difficulty, paws, looks around at his sides and
finds no relief. In bloat of the stomach, gas and fluid gush back and
forth from the stomach to the throat; flanks may not show bloat; pain is
steady but not violent; horse sweats; nostrils flap; pulse is fast and
weak; countenance is haggard and anxious. In enteritis (inflammation of
the bowels) pain is constant and severe; the horse makes frequent
attempts to lie down but is afraid to do so; pulse and temperature run
high; membranes of eyelids, nostrils, and mouth are red; bowels and
bladder do not act; horse may walk persistently in a circle. In
impaction of the bowels, pains are comparatively mild or fugitive; horse
is restless, paws often, strains and passes no manure, or only a few
balls covered with slime and streaks of white mucus. In gut-tie, hernia,
and other absolute stoppage of the bowels, symptoms of enteritis are
common and the horse may, when down, strain and then sit on his
haunches. The latter condition, and enteritis, usually prove fatal. Wind
colic may need prompt use of the trocar and cannula to puncture high up
in the right flank for liberation of gas. In impaction, raw linseed oil
should be freely given in repeated doses of one pint, and rectal
injections of soapy warm water and glycerine will help. No irritants
should be inserted in the vagina or sheath in any form of colic.
Stoppage of urine is a result of pain, not the cause of colic. The urine
will come when the pain subsides. A good all-around colic remedy will be
found in Pratts Veterinary Colic Remedy. It is compounded from the
prescription of a qualified veterinarian and has a record of curing 998
cases out of 1,000 treated.


~Constipation~

All horses should be given a warm bran mash weekly and Pratts Animal
Regulator daily, and constipation will be unknown. Constipation is often
the cause of hide bound, rough coat and loss of flesh. Give a good
physic of linseed oil, aloes or cantor oil, and use the Regulator
mentioned above.


~Coughs~

_Cause._--Chronic coughs are the result of distemper, sore throat, a
neglected cold, catarrh or dusty hay, and frequently turn into heaves,
bronchitis, etc.

_Treatment._--Give only the best and most nourishing foods, dampened.
Keep horse warm, and blanketed in a well ventilated stable.

If there is a swelling of the throat it should be blistered with Pratts
Liniment, or Pratts Spavin Paste--A Blister. Use Pratts Heave, Cough and
Cold Remedy according to directions.


~Diarrhoea~

_Symptoms._--At first it resembles colic, and will be followed by
violent diarrhoea; the discharge soon becomes merely discolored water
and smells bad; the horse is very thirsty, the pulse thick and feeble,
the heart skips its beats, the position of the horse is something like
colic, and he sweats freely.

_Cause._--From diseased condition of teeth, eating rich, juicy food,
drinking impure water or from overdose of physic.

_Treatment._--If the diarrhoea is severe, call a veterinarian. During
and after recovery pay attention to the food. Avoid bran mashes. Much
depends on the care at this time, and the constant using of Pratts
Animal Regulator, with all feed, during his recovery. Feed lightly for
first two or three days.


~Distemper~

Distemper and Pink Eye are closely related and one is often mistaken for
the other.

It usually affects colts between the ages of three and five years. If a
horse is once afflicted it is immune from a second attack. The feature
of distemper is the swelling under the jaw, the size indicating the
severity of the case. The animal is dull; the head has a "poked-out"
appearance; coughs; no appetite; feet are cold; saliva runs from its
mouth; has catarrhal symptoms and difficulty in swallowing; the name
"strangles" is often applied to it. When this swelling forms on the
lungs, liver, etc., the case is aggravated and difficult to cure.

Distemper is contagious. It may occur at any time, but is most prevalent
from September to April.

Pratts Distemper and Pink Eye Remedy will positively relieve the disease
at once. Blanket the horse and keep in a well-ventilated stable, free
from draughts. Give cold water frequently in small quantities and feed
with whatever he will eat. When an abscess forms on the outside and
becomes soft, it should be opened and the soft parts surrounding it
poulticed so that there will be no "bunch" left after it heals.
Disinfect stable with Pratts Dip and Disinfectant.


~Founder or Laminitis~

_Symptoms._--An inflammation of the entire foot which causes such
intense pain that the animal cannot stand. The pulse is strong, thick
and throbbing, and the horse lies down with legs stretched out.

_Cause._--Over-exertion, or after-effects from chilling, inflammation of
the lungs, bowels or mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes, etc.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------

     _Frankford, Pa.

      I doctored a very lame horse with Pratts Liniment after trying
      other treatment for months. In a couple of days the lameness left
      and we used him every day till he died of old age._

      ARTHUR C. SHIMEL_

     -----------------------------------------------------------------


_Treatment._--Remove the shoe, and soak the feet in warm water for six
or eight hours and repeat in two or three days. Also apply Pratts
Peerless Hoof Ointment at night all over the bottom of the foot and to
all parts of the frog and at top of hoof joining the hair, and cover the
entire wall of the foot. The horse should stand on a deep, soft bed.
Cover with blankets. Feed bran mashes, vegetables and hay; no grain. Use
wide-webbed shoes two weeks after recovery.


~Heaves~

The symptoms of this disease are chronic, spasmodic cough and
simultaneous passage of gas from the rectum; double bellowslike action
of the abdominal muscles in breathing; harsh staring coat; hide-bound
skin; weakness, and ill-health in general. Over-burdening of the stomach
with coarse, bulky, dusty, or woody hay or other roughage, and working
the horse immediately after such a meal induces heaves. The horse that
has inherited a gluttonous appetite is especially subject to the
disease. Probably the most effective remedy for this disease is Pratts
Heave Remedy. In addition to using the Remedy as directed, we would
suggest wetting all food with lime water, feeding wet oat straw in
winter and grass in summer in preference to hay; allowing double the
customary rest period after meals and keeping the bowels freely open by
feeding bran mashes containing raw linseed oil or flaxseed meal.


~Itch~

This is the name given to mange, eczema and other skin diseases. It is
usually prevalent in summer and from a small beginning on an animal,
will rapidly spread all over the body.

_Treatment._--Wash the parts thoroughly with a solution of one part of
Pratts Disinfectant to 20 parts water. Let it dry and then apply Pratts
Healing Ointment or Healing Powder two or three times a day.


~Lice~

Sprinkle Pratts Disinfectant on an old blanket and tie it around the
animal for two or three hours. This will quickly kill all vermin. Spray
lightly upon the legs and such places that the blanket will not cover.
Then spray thoroughly the stable and all poultry houses near with the
Disinfectant, according to directions. Give Pratts Animal Regulator to
build up the animals that have been affected.


~Puncture and Wounds in the Foot~

In all cases, the opening or puncture in the hoof must be made larger,
so as to give free vent for the matter which is sure to form. If this is
not done, quittor will follow. Then dress with Pratts Peerless Hoof
Ointment.

While working the horse, a pledget of tow, covered with Pratts Peerless
Hoof Ointment, may be placed in and over the puncture and confined; but
it must not be allowed to remain after the horse returns to the stable.
Soak the feet for eight or ten hours a day for two or three days in a 5%
solution of Pratts Disinfectant and apply the Ointment. Horse will not
have proud flesh when this remedy is used.


~Quarter Cracks~

Cut top of hoof above the crack deep enough to draw blood. Soak foot in
hot water, apply Pratts Peerless Hoof Ointment and cover with oakum.
Pare out sole and open heel--blacksmith must use care in expanding.
Apply Pratts Peerless Hoof Ointment daily to the coronet and frogs--this
is very important. Use bar shoe.

~Thin Flesh~

Animal needs a good tonic. Use Pratts Animal Regulator daily with the
feed according to directions. This is a regulator, tonic and digestive
and so works upon the blood, liver, bowels and digestive organs that the
animal is quickly built up, and is given strength, health and flesh.


~Thrush~

_Symptoms._--Shown by a foul discharge issuing from the cleft of the
foot, and usually attended with decay of the horn and a vile odor. The
foot is hot and hard.

_Cause._--In the fore feet, it is generally the result of navicular
disease or contraction of the feet. In the hind feet it is entirely
caused by filthy stables, allowing the feet to stand in decaying manure.

_Treatment._--Have absolute cleanliness in the stable and stalls,
disinfecting with Pratts Disinfectant. Wash the foot thoroughly with
soap and water, and cut away all diseased and ragged parts as well as
the white, powdery decayed horn and substance, even if the flesh is
exposed and the frog much reduced. Then pour Pratts Liniment over the
affected parts. Dress daily until cured. Another excellent remedy is to
wash out diseased portion of hoof with one part Pratts Disinfectant and
20 parts of water three times a day.


~Worms~

Horses take in worm eggs on pasture, in hay, and in drinking water from
contaminated troughs or ponds. Marsh or swale hay is particularly liable
to infest with worms. Avoid sources of worms. Cleanliness is imperative.

Cut down feed one-half, mix bran with feed and dampen it. Give one dose
of Pratts Specially Prepared Worm Powder with the feed twice a day for
four days. After fourth day give large, soft, well-scalded bran mash to
loosen bowels freely. Repeat the bran mashes if necessary, as the bowels
must be moved freely. Should the horse refuse to eat the bran mash, it
will be necessary to give him a dose of Glauber's salts, or some other
purge to loosen the bowels.

_Pin Worms._--Sometimes pin worms remain just inside the rectum, and are
very hard and stubborn to cure. In cases of this kind, if the desired
result is not obtained by feeding Pratts Worm Powder, dissolve one of
the powders in a quart of water and inject in the rectum. Repeat this
once a day in the evening, and continue for four or five days. Do not
fail in this case, as in all other cases of worms, to feed bran mashes
until the bowels are freely moved, and should the horse refuse the bran
mash or should it fail to move the bowels, give the horse a dose of
Glauber's salts.

Pratts Worm Powder is a special preparation for the destruction of all
kinds of worms in horses, hogs, and sheep. It is purely vegetable, has a
strong tonic effect that builds up and helps the animal to regain
strength, and is the quickest and most thorough worm destroyer on the
market.


     +-------------------------------------------------------------+
     |~Every PRATT PREPARATION is sold with a positive and absolute|
     |GUARANTEE--"Your Money Back If You Are Not Satisfied."~      |
     +-------------------------------------------------------------+




[Illustration: Care of Cows]



~CATTLE~


Cows will bring large or small profits in proportion to the care they
receive. If properly housed, properly fed, properly bred, and properly
protected against disease they will fully repay the little extra
attention required. Strive intelligently to secure the greatest possible
regular production. Keep a sharp lookout for unfavorable symptoms and be
prompt in finding a cause for poor condition and remedying it. Cows kept
in perfect health are the least expense, least trouble, and the greatest
profit-earners.

You do not need to be a veterinarian to know that the health of a cow
depends on a good healthy appetite with complete digestion and perfect
assimilation of the daily ration.

That is just plain common sense. No cow which is not a big eater can be
profitable. But appetite is not of itself sufficient to make a cow a
money maker. There must be sound digestion.

Once establish and maintain good digestion, food performs its natural
functions. Bodily waste is repaired. Strength and growth are noticed and
the cow gives the utmost possible amount of milk. See then, that your
cows have hearty, healthy appetites and good digestion. Good digestion
does not always follow a large appetite. A cow giving only a few quarts
of milk a day will often eat as much as one giving gallons. She requires
the same amount of care and attention.

The trouble is that she does not have good digestion to convert food
into milk. Of course there are cows which will always be small milkers,
but there are many many more cows which can be made to give substantial,
paying increase of milk production if proper attention is given them.
Perhaps there are such cows in your herd. Without your even realizing
it, they are out of condition. A little help and they would give enough
more milk to pay you a satisfactory profit.

This "help" can easily be given. Your own dealer has it. We mean Pratts
Cow Remedy, for cows only.

We all know how, when we are well, the sight or smell of pleasant
tasting food, "makes the mouth water." This is literally true because
the digestive glands of the mouth and stomach pour out their secretions
and are ready to begin digesting the food.

When, however, the nerves fail to send their messages to the glands or
the glands fail to respond, we have a diseased condition and we take
medicine to assist in recovery.

Thus the sensation known as appetite is really at the basis of sound
health. Without it, it is doubtful if animals would eat enough to supply
their bodily needs.

The mere forcing of food into the stomach would avail little. There must
be desire for food, and restoring the appetite is the first step in
bringing the health back. In other words an appetizer is often required
to induce us to eat. Then thorough digestion builds up bodily strength.

Pratts Cow Remedy does all this for the cow, assisting Nature in
bringing up the appetite, stimulating digestion, restoring and
maintaining health.

Cattle is generally divided into dairy, beef and dual purpose breeds.
The names signify the advantages claimed for them. In the dairy breeds,
the Holstein, Jersey, Guernseys, French Canadian and Ayrshire are
leaders.

Shorthorns, Herefords, Polled Durhams are the best-known beef breeds.

While among the dual purpose breeds, Milking Shorthorns, Red Polls,
Brown Swiss and Devons have many admirers.

The indications when selecting dairy females, and important in the order
given, are: (1) Much length or depth in the barrel or coupling,
indicating a large possible consumption and utilization of food. (2)
Refinement of form, as evidenced more particularly in the head, neck,
withers, thighs, and limbs. (3) Good development of udder and milk
veins. (4) Constitution, as indicated by a capacious chest, much width
through the heart, a broad loin, a full, clear eye, and an active
carriage. (5) Downward and yet outward spring and open-spaced ribs,
covered with a soft, pliable and elastic skin.

The essential indications of correct form in beef cattle are: (1) A
compact form wide and deep throughout, and but moderately long in the
coupling. (2) A good back, wide from neck to tail, well fleshed, and
straight. (3) A good front quarter, wide, deep, and full. (4) A good
hind quarter, long, wide, and deep. (5) Good handling qualities, as
indicated in elastic flesh and pliant skin.

[Illustration: ~GUERNSEY COW~]

The important indications of good form in dual females are: (1) Medium
to large size for the breed or grade. (2) Good length and depth in the
coupling. (3) Good development of udder and milk veins. (4) Good
constitution, as indicated by good width through the heart. (5) Head and
neck inclining to long and fine. (6) Ribs of medium spring, open spaced,
and covered with a good handling skin. The dual types have an absence of
extreme development in the direction of either the dairy or the beef
form.

In males selected for breeding, the evidences of masculinity should be
markedly present. These include increased strength as shown in the head,
neck, breast, shoulders, back and limbs.

The advantage of having pure blood stock over "scrubs" is apparent. For
those, however, who want something better than scrubstock and cannot pay
the high price which pure blood commands, the ownership of grade cattle
offers a satisfactory solution of the problem.

Grading consists in mating thoroughbred sires with common females and
with the female progeny for a number of generations. Where the work is
wisely done by the use of good sires, accompanied by the rejection of
all inferior animals for future breeding, the progeny of beef sires may
be brought up to the level of the pure breed for beef making from which
the sires have been selected in four generations. To bring milking
qualities up to the level may call for one or two more generations of
such breeding. Not only do these grade animals answer almost equally
well, with pure breeds, but they may be bought for much less.

If cows are to produce a maximum return in milk, they must be kept in
comfort. In winter they are usually tied in the stall. The light should
be ample and the ventilation thorough. Lack of proper ventilation causes
the spread of tuberculosis in cattle.

Cows must be allowed exercise, even in winter.

They should be allowed to go out daily for an hour or more into a
sheltered yard, save on days when the weather is extreme; or, better
still, be given the liberty of a closed and well-ventilated shed during
a portion of the day. It should be supplied with a fodder rack.

In summer, cows in milk must be protected from storms, from excessive
sunshine, and from flies, as far as this may be practicable. Pratts Fly
Chaser is unequalled as a fly repellant. It is perfectly safe to use,
does not injure or gum the hair, and is economical. A light spray is
both lasting and effective.

Cows in milk should be driven gently. The pasture should not be too
distant from the stable, and driving during the heat of the day should
be avoided.

The quality of milk is easily injured by coming in direct contact with
foreign substances or by imbibing odors. The milk must be drawn from
clean udders, with clean hands, into clean pails, and amid clean
surroundings. The stables must have attention. The udder and teats
should be wiped off by using a damp cloth. Milking should be done with
dry hands into metal pails, kept clean by scalding. Milking before
feeding prevents dust particles from getting into the milk. Noxious
odors are kept down by the prompt removal of droppings and by strewing
sand, plaster, rock phosphate, or dry earth in the manure gutters.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Elderton, Pa.

     "I have used Pratts Cow Remedy with best results. I fully believe
     it cannot be surpassed for increasing the flow of milk."

     JAS. YOUNG._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


Unless milking is done at stated times, and by the same person, there
will be a loss in the production. When milking is delayed, a decreased
flow is noticeable the following morning. When a change of milkers is
made, some cows resent it by withholding a part of the milk.

It is not easy to dry some dairy cows prior to the birth of the next
calf, and yet, as a rule, it ought to be done. When they are to be dried
the process should begin by milking them once a day and putting them on
dry food. The food may also be reduced somewhat in quantity. Later the
milk is taken out at intervals which constantly increase in length until
the cow is dry. The udder should be carefully watched during the later
stages of the drying process.

Where suitable pasture may be obtained, it is usually a cheaper source
of food for cows than soiling food or cured fodders, as the element of
labor in giving the food is largely eliminated. The best pastures,
viewed from the standpoint of production, are those grown on lands that
may be irrigated during the season of growth. These consist of clover
and certain grasses. Permanent pastures which are grown on moist land,
and which contain a number of grasses, are usually satisfactory, but the
nature of the pasture must, of course, be largely determined by the
attendant conditions. Blue grass pastures are excellent while succulent
and abundant, but in midsummer they lose their succulence for weeks in
succession. Brouer grass is a favorite pasture in northwestern areas,
and Bermuda grass in the South. In the Eastern and Central States, the
most suitable pastures are made up of blue grass, timothy, and orchard
grass, and of the common red, white and alsike clovers.

There is more or less of hazard to cows when grazing on
alfalfa--liability to bloating, which may result fatally. Likewise
second growth sorghum or the second growth of the non-saccharine
sorghums is full of hazard, especially in dry seasons when it has become
stunted in growth. Nor should rape and rye be grazed, save for a short
time after the cows have been milked, lest they give a taint to the
milk.

The change from winter rations to grazing should never be suddenly made,
or purging caused by the fresh grass will lead to loss in weight and
loss of milk, though at first there will probably be an advance in the
same. The change may be made in outline as follows:

(1) The cows will not be turned out until after the food given in the
morning has been sufficiently consumed.

(2) They will be kept out an hour, or two the first day, and the time
increased.

(3) The time called for to effect the change should never be less than
one week or more than three.

(4) As soon as the change begins, the reduction in succulent food,
ensilage, and field roots should also begin.

(5) The dry fodder should be continued morning and evening as long as
the cows will take it.

[Illustration: ~AYRSHIRE COW~]

(6) There should be some reduction and it may be modification in the
grain for a short time.

After turning out a full supply may be necessary. Should the pasture be
composed mainly of grasses, food rich in protein, as wheat bran, should
be fed, but if it is composed mainly of clover, then more carbonaceous
grain, as corn, should be fed.

When pasture is succulent and abundant, it is a disputed point as to
whether it will pay to feed meal of any kind in addition. The following
conclusion in regard to this question would seem safe:

When cows are fed grain on pastures succulent and abundant, the tendency
is to increase the yield in the milk and also to increase flesh.

The quality of the milk is not materially influenced.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Millsboro, Del.

     Pratts Cow Remedy was fed to the cow from the receipt of Remedy
     until the calf was eight weeks old and the calf weighed 234 pounds
     and was acknowledged unanimously to be the nicest calf that was
     ever shipped from this depot.

     W.R. ATKINS._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


Some saving is effected in the grazing, and the resultant fertilizer
from the grain fed has a tangible value. It is certain, therefore, that
full value will be obtained for a small grain ration thus fed.

[Illustration: PRATTS PRACTICAL POINTERS]

+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                       ~GET MORE MILK MONEY~                            |
|                                                                        |
|Help your cows, every one, to give the largest possible amount of milk  |
|and to produce big, strong, husky calves each season. The _extra_ pounds|
|of milk, the _extra_ value of the calves are all clear profit.          |
|                                                                        |
|[Illustration: Pratts Cow Remedy]                                       |
|                                                                        |
|It costs as much to house and care for and nearly as much to feed a poor|
|producer as a good one. The first may be kept at a loss. The latter is a|
|sure profit-payer. The difference is generally merely a matter of       |
|physical condition. And this _you_ can control.                         |
|                                                                        |
|Pratts Cow Remedy makes cows healthy and productive. It is not a        |
|food--it is _all medicine_, preventive and curative. It is absolutely   |
|safe to use because free from arsenic, antimony and other dangerous     |
|ingredients.                                                            |
|                                                                        |
|                      ~PRATTS COW REMEDY~                               |
|                                                                        |
|is nature's able assistant. It not only improves appetite and assists   |
|digestion, increases milk yield and percentage of butter fat, but in    |
|large measure prevents and overcomes such disorders as barrenness and   |
|abortion, garget, milk fever, scours, indigestion, liver and kidney     |
|troubles.                                                               |
|                                                                        |
|The reason is plain when you know the ingredients. Here they            |
|are--gentian root, Epsom salts, capsicum, oxide of iron, fenugreek, nux |
|vomica, ginger root, charcoal, soda, salt. All of superior quality and  |
|properly proportioned and combined.                                     |
|                                                                        |
|You may _think_ your cows are doing their best when they are not. _Now  |
|find out_. Secure a supply of the original and genuine Pratts Cow       |
|Remedy. Use it and watch results. You will be astonished and delighted. |
|But if for any reason you are not--                                     |
|                                                                        |
|           "~YOUR MONEY BACK IF YOU ARE NOT SATISFIED~"                 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+


[Illustration: PRATTS PRACTICAL POINTERS]

As soon as the supply of pasture becomes insufficient in quantity or
lacking in succulence, it should be supplemented with food cut and fed
in the green form, as winter rye, oats and peas, and oats and vetches
grown together, millet in several varieties, grasses, perennial and
Italian rye, especially the latter, alfalfa, the medium red, the
mammoth, alsike and crimson clovers, corn of many varieties, and the
sorghums. Alfalfa, where it can be freely grown, is king among soiling
foods. Peas and oats grown together are excellent, the bulk being peas.
Corn is more commonly used, and in some sections sweet sorghum is given
an important place. The aim should be to grow soiling foods that will be
ready for feeding in that succession that will provide food through all
the summer and autumn. Soiling furnished by grains, grasses, and clovers
are usually fed in the stables or feed yards, and corn and sorghum are
usually strewn over the pastures, as much as is needed from day to day.

Where much soiling food is wanted from year to year, it would seem safe
to say that it can be most cheaply supplied in the form of silage. Even
when grass is abundant, cows will eat with avidity more or less of
ensilage well made. They should not be fed in winter more than 25 pounds
per animal per day, but the quantity needed is determined largely by the
condition of the pastures. Because of the less quantity of the silage
called for in summer, the silo that contains the silage should be of
less diameter than the silo that holds food for winter use, otherwise
the exposed silage will dry out too much between the times of feeding
it.

In autumn soiling foods may be fed with profit that are possessed of
less succulence than would suffice at an earlier period, as in the
autumn the pastures are usually more succulent than in the summer. Corn
may be fed at such a time with much advantage from the shock, and
sorghum that has been harvested may likewise be fed from the shock or
from the cocks. Pumpkins may be thrown into the pasture and broken when
fed.

Viewed from the standpoint of milk production, the legumes (clover, cow
peas, soy beans, etc.) must be assigned first rank. After these come
grain fodders, corn and sorghum fodders, and fodders from grasses,
suitable in the order named. Lowest of all is straw furnished by the
small cereals. Fodders when fed are not restricted in quantity as
concentrates are.

Among legumes, hay furnished by alfalfa, any of the clovers, cow peas,
soy beans and vetches, is excellent for producing milk when these are
cut at the proper stage and properly cured. Alfalfa should be cut for
such feeding when only a small per cent. of blooms have been formed,
clovers when in full bloom, and cow peas, soy beans, and vetches when
the first forward pods are filling. Proper curing means by the aid of
wind stirring through the mass rather than sun bleaching it.

When good leguminous fodders are fed, from 33 to 50 per cent. less grain
will suffice than would be called for when non-leguminous fodders only
are fed.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Leavenworth, Kansas.

     When two veterinarians had given up a cow to die, I gave her Pratts
     Animal Regulator with the result that she was on her feed in about
     a week. I am a constant user of Pratt Products.

     J.D. WATSON._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


Fodder may usually be cheaply furnished from corn and sorghum, when
grown so that the stalks are fine and leafy, and if cut when nearing
completed maturity and well cured. Such food is excellent for milk
production when fed with suitable adjuncts, even though the fodder is
grown so thickly that nubbins do not form. The aim should be to feed the
sorghums in the autumn and early winter and the corn so that it may be
supplemented by other hay when the winter is past, as later than the
time specified these foods deteriorate.

[Illustration: ~JERSEY COW~]

Rye and wheat straw are of little use in making milk, oat straw is
better, and good bright pea straw is still more valuable. When fodder is
scarce, these may be fed to advantage if run through a cutting box and
mixed with cut hay.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Thomaston, Ga.

     Since I started feeding her Pratts Cow Remedy, my cow has shown an
     increase in her daily flow of milk of over one gallon and is now in
     better condition than she has ever been. I give all the credit for
     this remarkable improvement to Pratts Cow remedy.

     O.W. JONES._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


The necessity for feeding succulent food in some form where maximum milk
yields are to be attained has come to be recognized by all dairy-men.
The plants that furnish succulence in winter are corn in all its
varieties, field roots of certain kinds, and the sorghums. Corn and
sorghum to furnish the necessary succulence must be ensiled. Corn
ensilage is without a rival in providing winter succulence for cows.
Field roots furnish succulence that, pound for pound, is more valuable
than corn, because of the more favorable influence which it exerts on
the digestion. But roots cost more to grow than corn. Rutabagas and
turnips will give the milk an offensive taint if fed freely at any other
time than just after the milk has been withdrawn, but that is not true
of mangel wurtzel, sugar beets, or carrots.

The necessity for giving grain feed containing high percentage of
digestible matter (known as concentrates) to dairy cows is based on the
inability of the cow to consume and digest enough coarse fodders to
result in maximum production, even though the fodders should be in
balance as to their constituents.

Concentrates are purchased or home grown. It matters not from which
source they are obtained, but the values of those purchased are becoming
so high as to force upon dairy-men the necessity of growing them at home
as far as this may be practicable, and of insuring sound digestion by
giving some such tonic and appetizer as Pratts Cow Remedy. This splendid
prescription should be kept on hand the year round, and should be given
with every feeding, especially in winter. Its value in keeping up milk
production and for maintaining health is unequalled.

The method of furnishing concentrates by growing certain of the small
grains in combination is growing in favor. These combinations may
include wheat, barley, outs, peas, and flax. Frequently but two
varieties are grown together. They are grown thus, in the first place,
to secure better yields, and, in the second, to furnish concentrates in
approximate balance. Such a food, for instance, is obtained from
growing wheat and oats together, and if some flax is grown in the
mixture it will be further improved.

When choosing concentrates for feeding cows, the aim should be to select
them so that when fed along with the roughage on hand, they will be in
approximate balance, that is, the elements in them will best meet the
needs of the cows.

If a flesh and milk-making food, like clover, is the source of the
fodder, then a fat and heat-producing food, like corn, should furnish a
large proportion of the grain fed. But it is not more profitable in all
instances to feed foods in exact balance. Some of the factors may be so
high priced and others so cheap that it will pay better to feed them
more or less out of balance.

When good clover hay or alfalfa is being fed to cows in milk, any one of
the following grain supplements will give satisfactory results.

(1) Corn meal and wheat bran, equal parts by weight.

(2) Corn meal, wheat bran, and ground oats in the proportions of 2, 1,
and 1 parts.

(3) Corn meal, wheat bran, and cottonseed meal in the proportion of 2,
1, and 1 parts. Whether corn meal or corn and cob meals is fed is not
very material. Barley meal may be fed instead of corn.

Should corn ensilage be fed to the extent of, say, 40 pounds per day
along with clover or alfalfa, any one of the following grain supplements
should suffice:

(1) Corn or barley meal, wheat bran, and ground oats, fed in equal parts
by weight.

(2) Corn or barley meal and wheat bran, fed in the proportions of 1 and
2 parts.

(3) Corn or barley meal, cottonseed meal, and wheat or rice bran, fed in
equal proportions.

(4) Ground peas and oats, also fed in equal proportions. The succotash
mixture may be fed alone or in conjunction with other meal added to make
the food still more in balance.

It is preferable to feed meal admixed with cut fodders. The mastication
that follows will then be more thorough and the digestion more complete.
When ensilage is fed, admixture will result sufficiently if the meal is
thrown over the ensilage where it has been put into the mangers.

In order to insure the animal obtaining full benefit of all its feed, it
will be found highly profitable to include Pratts Cow Remedy with the
daily ration. It acts as a digestive and at the same time insures a
healthy and natural action of the bowels.


Bulls should be fed and managed with a view to secure good, large and
robust physical development and the retention of begetting powers
unimpaired to a good old age. The aim should be to avoid tying bulls in
the stall continuously for any prolonged period, but to give them
opportunity to take exercise in box stalls, paddocks, and pastures to
the greatest extent that may be practicable.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Jacksonville, Fla.

     Have used Pratts Cow Remedy with good success as a general tonic
     and for increasing milk. Omitting it at intervals as a test showed
     a falling off of about a pint for each cow, which was always made
     up when the remedy was added.

     T.C. JOHNSTON._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


A ring should be inserted in the nose when not yet one year old. Rings
most commonly used are two and one-half to three inches in diameter.
When inserting them the head of the animal should be drawn tightly up to
a post or other firm objects, so that the muzzle points upward at a
suitable angle. A hole is then made with a suitable implement through
the cartilage between the nasal passages, and forward rather than
backward in the cartilage. The ring is then inserted, the two parts are
brought together again, and they are held in place by a small screw.
When ringed, a strap or rope with a spring attached will suffice for a
time when leading them, but later they should be led with a lead, which
is a strong, tough circular piece of wood, four to five feet long, with
a snap attached to one end.

[Illustration: PRATTS PRACTICAL POINTERS]

+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|             ~SELL THE MILK BUT GROW THE CALVES~                      |
|                                                                      |
|Whole milk is too valuable to use as calf feed, even if calves--both  |
|veals and those kept for dairy purposes--are selling at such high     |
|prices. Sell the milk, get all the cash out of it, but grow the calves|
|just the same. Merely feed the perfect milk substitute--              |
|                                                                      |
|                      ~PRATTS CALF MEAL                               |
|                 "BABY FOOD FOR BABY CALVES"~                         |
|                                                                      |
|When prepared and fed in accordance with the simple directions, Pratts|
|Calf Meal will grow calves _equal to those grown on whole or skim-milk|
|and at less cost_.                                                    |
|                                                                      |
|This truly wonderful calf feed has practically the same chemical      |
|composition as the solids of whole milk. It is made of superior       |
|materials, carefully selected and especially adapted to calf feeding. |
|These are milled separately and bolted to remove hulls and coarse     |
|particles, which insures perfect digestion. Finally, the mixture is   |
|thoroughly steam-cooked, in a sense pre-digested.                     |
|                                                                      |
|Calves fed Pratts way thrive and grow rapidly and are not subject to  |
|scours and other calf disorders. Just make a test. Feed some calves   |
|_your_ way and some _Pratts_ way. Let your eye and the scales tell the|
|story. Learn how easy it is to grow the best of calves at less cost.  |
|                                                                      |
|           "YOUR MONEY BACK IF YOU ARE NOT SATISFIED"                 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+



[Illustration: PRATTS PRACTICAL POINTERS]


Avoid using in service bulls under one year. During the one-year form
they should not be allowed to serve more than a score of cows; after
they have reached the age of 24 to 30 months they may be used with much
freedom in service until the vital forces begin to weaken with age. When
properly managed, waning should not begin before the age of 7 or 8
years. It has been found that the bull's service can be made more sure
by the use of Pratts Cow Remedy, because of its mild and safe tonic
properties. Bulls should he able to serve from 75 to 300 cows a year
without injury when the times of service spread over much of the year.

Calves reared to be made into meat at a later period are very frequently
allowed to nurse from their dams. This should never be done in the
dairy. Such a method of raising them is adverse to maximum milk giving,
as the calves when young cannot take all the milk the cows are capable
of giving; hence the stimulus is absent that would lead her to give
more.

At no time in the life of a dairy cow should she be allowed to suckle
her calf longer than the third day of its existence.

In certain parts of the country, especially where whole milk is sold for
consumption in the cities, dairy-men frequently kill calves at birth
because of lack of milk for feeding them. This practice is wrong and
unnecessary. All strong calves should be grown, either for milking
animals or veal. And this can now be done, easily and cheaply, by
feeding Pratts Calf Meal, the perfect milk substitute, the guaranteed
"baby food for baby calves." When this scientific food is used, calves
of really superior quality, big, sturdy, vigorous, are grown practically
without milk.

Pratts Calf Meal must not be confused with coarse mixtures of mill
by-products sometimes sold as "calf meal" or "calf food." Pratts is as
carefully made as the baby foods which are so widely used for children.
It appeals to the calf's appetite, is easily and quickly digested,
produces rapid growth and even development. It does not cause scours and
other digestive troubles. And it is easy to prepare and feed.

[Illustration: ~SHORT HORN COW~]

In chemical composition, Pratts Calf Meal is practically identical with
the solids of whole milk. It is made exclusively of materials especially
suited to calf feeding and these are always of the highest quality
obtainable. This is one secret of the great success of this truly
remarkable feed.

The various materials are ground very fine, milled separately, and are
then bolted to remove any coarse particles. They are then combined in
exact proportions and thoroughly mixed.

Finally, the mixture is steam-cooked, which makes the feed easy to
digest and assimilate. This expensive, but most necessary process,
prevents indigestion and bowel troubles which accompany the use of
unbolted, uncooked meals.

Where milk is available for calf feeding the following plan may be used:

The young calf should take milk from its dam for, say, three days.
During that period the milk is only fit for feeding purposes. It is very
important that the calf shall be started right, and in no way can this
be done so well as by Nature's method, that is, by allowing it to take
milk from the dam at will. At the end of that time it should be taught
to drink. This can usually be accomplished without difficulty by
allowing the calf to become hungry before its first lesson in drinking.
It should be given all whole milk, for say, two weeks. This given in
three feeds per day, and not more in quantity, as a rule, than two
quarts at a feed.

The change from whole to skim-milk should be made gradually. A small
amount of skim-milk should be added to the whole milk the first day, and
a corresponding amount of whole milk withheld. The amount of skim-milk
increased from day to day, and the whole milk fed decreased
correspondingly. The time covered in making the change from all whole to
all skim-milk should be from one to two weeks. Any skim-milk that is
sweet will answer, but it should not be fed to young calves at a lower
temperature than about 98 degrees in winter. Milk obtained by cream
separators, soon after drawn from the cow, is particularly suitable.

[Illustration: ~HOLSTEIN COW~]

As soon as the change from whole to skim-milk is begun, some substitute
should be added to replace the fat withheld by reducing the amount of
whole milk fed. Ground flax or oil-meal is the best. It is generally fed
in the latter form. In some instances the oil-meal is put directly into
the milk beginning with a heaping teaspoonful and gradually increasing
the quantity. A too lax condition of the digestion would indicate that
an excessive amount was being fed. Later the meal may be more
conveniently fed when mixed with other meal.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Riverdale, Md.

     Very much pleased with results of Pratts Animal Regulator during
     the present period of my cows breeding. An extraordinary strong
     calf and the mother in fine condition.

     WM. C. GRAY._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


As soon as the calves will eat meal it should be given to them. No meal
is more suitable at the first than ground oats and wheat bran. A little
later whole oats will answer quite well. To calves grown for dairy uses
they may form the sole grain food. If the calves are to be grown for
beef, some more fattening food, as ground corn, or ground barley, should
be added to the meal. For such calves, equal parts of bran, oats whole
or ground, and ground corn, barley, rye, or speltz are excellent. Until
three months old they may be allowed to take all the grain that they
will eat. Later it may be necessary to restrict the quantity fed. Calves
for the dairy must be kept in a good growing condition, but without an
excess of fat. The meal should be kept in a box at all times accessible
to the calves and should be frequently renewed. Grain feeding may cease
when the calves are put upon pasture.

As soon as the calves will eat fodder it should be given to them. Fodder
gives the necessary distention to the digestive organs, which makes the
animals capable of taking a sufficient quantity of food to result in
high production. Alfalfa, clover-hay, and pea and oat hay are excellent,
provided they are of fine growth and cut before they are too advanced in
growth. If field roots can be added to the fodder the result in
development and good digestion will be excellent. Any kind of field
roots are good, but mangels, sugar beets, and rutabagas are the most
suitable because of their good keeping qualities. They should be fed
sliced, preferably with a root slicer, and the calves may be given all
that they will eat without harm resulting.

The duration of the milk period more commonly covers three to four
months with calves that are hand fed, but it may be extended
indefinitely providing skim-milk may be spared for such a use. Such
feeding is costly. Calves reared on their dams are seldom allowed milk
for more than six or seven months, save when they are reared for show
purposes.

(1) The amount should be determined by the observed capacity of the calf
to take milk and by the relative cost of the skim-milk and the adjuncts
fed along with it.

(2) During the first weeks until it begins to eat other food freely, it
should be given all the milk that it will take without disturbing the
digestion.

(3) Usually it would be safe to begin with six pounds of milk per day,
giving eight pounds at the end of the first week, and to add one pound
each week subsequently until the age of 10 to 12 weeks. Any excess of
milk given at one time usually disturbs the digestion and is followed by
too lax a condition of the bowels.

When milk has been the chief food, and the weaning is sudden, usually
growth will be more or less arrested. When sustained largely on other
foods, the change may be made without any check to the growth, even in
the case of calves that suck their dams. When hand raised, the quantity
of milk is gradually reduced until none is given. In the case of sucking
calves they should be allowed to take milk once a day for a time before
being shut entirely away from the dams. The supplementary food should be
strengthened as the milk is withheld.

Calves should have constant access to good water, even during the milk
period, and also to salt.

Where many are fed simultaneously, the milk should be given in pails
kept scrupulously clean. The pails should be set in a manger, but not
until the calves have been secured by the neck in suitable stanchions.
As soon as they have taken the milk, a little meal should be thrown into
each pail. Eating the dry meal takes away the desire to suck one
another.

Calves of the dairy, dual purpose, and beef breeds may be reared by hand
along the same lines, but with the following points of difference:

(1) The dual types want to carry more flesh than the dairy types, and
the beef types more than either.

(2) To secure this end, more and richer milk must be given to calves of
the beef type, especially during the first weeks of growth. Forcing
calves of the beef type would be against the highest development
attainable. Until the milking period is reached, the food and general
treatment for the three classes is the same. They should be in fair
flesh until they begin to furnish milk.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Coshocton, Ohio.

     With good care and Pratts Animal Regulator (which I have used for
     two years) this Jersey calf grew like a weed. I can prove what it
     has done for my cow and calves.

     MRS. ELLEN BUTZ._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


When calves come in the autumn, the heifers enter the first winter
strong and vigorous. They should be so fed that growth will be
continuous right through the winter, but on cheap foods. It is different
with animals for the block, which should have grain every winter until
sold, when reared on the arable farm, unless roots are freely fed, when
they may be carried through the winter in fine form on straw and
cornstalks, feeding some hay toward spring. They may be fed in an open
or a closed shed, and without being tied when dehorned as they ought to
be when not purely bred. It is a good time to dehorn them when about one
year old, as they will be more peaceful subsequently than if the horns
had never been allowed to grow. The bedding should be plentiful and they
should have free access to water and salt.

[Illustration: ~HEREFORD BULL~]

To carry growing animals through the winter so that they make no
increase and in some instances lose weight, to be made up the following
summer, is short-sighted policy and wasteful of food. If a stunted
condition is allowed at any time, increase is not only retarded, but the
capacity for future increase is also lessened.

The pastures for heifers should be abundant, or supplemented by soiling
food where they are short. This is specially necessary because the
heifers will then be pregnant, and because of the burden thus put upon
them in addition to that of growth, certain evils will follow.

In some instances calves are grown on whole milk and adjuncts, and are
sold at the age of 6 to 9 months. This is practicable when two or three
calves are reared on one cow. The meal adjuncts to accompany such
feeding may consist of ground corn, oats, bran, and oil meal, fed in the
proportions of, say 4, 2, 1, and 1 parts by weight. In some instances
they are kept two or three months longer, and when sold such calves well
fattened bring high prices.

The growing of baby beef is coming into much favor. Baby beef means beef
put upon the market when it can no longer be called veal and when
considerably short of maturity, usually under the age of 24 months. To
grow such beef properly animals must be given a good healthy start,
growth must not be interrupted and must be reasonably rapid, and the
condition of flesh in which they are kept must be higher than for
breeding uses. The process is in a sense a forcing one through feeding
of relatively large amounts of grain. Though kept in good flesh all the
while, the highest condition of flesh should be sought during the latter
stages of feeding.

When stall feeding begins, cattle are led up gradually during
preliminary feeding to full feeding. Full feeding means consumption of
all grain and other food the animal can take without injuring digestion.
A lean animal cannot be fattened quickly. Before rapid deposits of fat
can occur the lean animal must be brought into a well-nourished
condition. Preliminary feeding should cover a period of four to eight
weeks in ordinary fattening.

When cattle are to be finished on grass, they are usually fed a moderate
amount of grain daily the previous winter. The amount will be influenced
by the character of the fodders and by the season when the cattle are to
be sold. Usually it is not less than three pounds per animal, daily, nor
more than six pounds. Steers will fatten in much shorter time when
Pratts Cow Remedy is used. It causes them to quickly put on solid flesh,
due to its action on the blood, bowels, and digestive organs.

~COMMON DISEASES OF CATTLE~

The cow is generally healthy and if fed, stabled and cared for properly
she will seldom be ill.

When a cow is sick, provide clean, comfortable quarters, with plenty of
bedding and let her lie down. If weather is cold, cover her with a
blanket. A healthy cow has a good appetite, the muzzle is moist, the eye
bright, coat is smooth, the horns are warm, breathing is regular, the
milk is given in good quantities and the process of rumination is
constant soon after eating. The sick cow has more or less fever, the
muzzle is dry and hot, the breathing is rapid, no appetite, an increase
in the pulse, dull eye, rough coat, a suspension of rumination, and the
cow will stand alone with head down. Usually all that is needed is
Pratts Cow Remedy with bran mashes and good digestible feed. Give pure,
clean water, and careful attention.


~Preventing Milk Fever~

Many excellent cows have been lost through milk fever within a day or
two of the birth of the calf. The preventive measures include:

(1) Reducing the quantity of the food fed.

(2) Feeding food that is not unduly succulent, lest the milk flow should
be overstimulated.

(3) Giving a mild purgative a day or two before the calf is born, or
within a few hours after its birth. The purgative most commonly used is
Epsom salts, and the dose is three-quarters of a pound to one pound.

(4) Removing only a small portion of the milk at a time for the first
two or three days. Only moderate amounts of food are necessary until the
danger of milk fever is past. Where Pratts Cow Remedy has been given,
there is little, if any, danger of milk fever. The value of this
splendid prescription during the calving season has been tested time and
time again.


~Abortion~

A germ disease highly contagious and one of the most injurious of those
which affect dairy cattle. The money-making value of a herd in which the
germs of contagious abortion are permitted to exist will be completely
destroyed.

A cow which has once aborted will do so again unless carefully treated.
So contagious is the disease that the germs introduced into a perfectly
healthy cow will cause her to abort, and it is no uncommon thing for the
infection to spread through an entire herd in a single season. The herd
bull readily becomes a source of herd infection, and service from a
bull, where there are aborting cows should be refused.

_Cause._--By infection, the herding together of a large number of cows,
high feeding, smutty corn and ergotty pastures. In a small number of
cows abortion may result from accidental injuries. Such cases are pure
accidents and are not to be considered along with contagious abortion.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Bradford, Ohio.

     Abortion had got a hold on my herd and I was expecting to have to
     dispose of them, when Pratts Cow Remedy came to my rescue. Calves
     are all coming now at the right time.

     BENJ. LOXLEY, JR._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


_Treatment._--As in all contagious diseases, treatment should be given
the infected animals and sanitary measures with treatment should be
adopted to prevent its spread to healthy cows. For increasing the
disease resistance of cows as well as for building up the vitality of
infected and suspected animals, Pratts Cow Remedy is most effective. It
is a true remedy and tonic, which restores to health and upbuilds the
cow's constitution. It is all medicine, free from harmful ingredients or
mineral poisons.

Give one level tablespoonful of Pratts Cow Remedy three times a day to
each cow, either with the grain or separately.

Pratts Cow Remedy should be given before and after service, and when
Contagious Abortion is only suspected, should be continued during the
period when the cow is in calf.

An excellent preventive practice is to douche the vagina of all pregnant
cows and to wash the tails and hind quarters of the entire herd with one
part Pratts Dip and Disinfectant to 100 parts warm water.

As a certain number of the cows will harbor the germ in the womb when
treatment is started, it is not to be expected that abortion will cease
at once, but by keeping up the treatment the trouble will probably
disappear the following year.

When the small cost of Pratts Cow Remedy and Pratts Dip and Disinfectant
and their wonderful effectiveness in ridding the cow of the disease are
considered, there is no question but that it ought always to be given to
all cows to keep them well.

To prevent the spread of Contagious Abortion, the entire premises should
be disinfected regularly with Pratts Dip and Disinfectant.

+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                ~COMFORT FOR COW AND MILKER~                            |
|                                                                        |
|Milking is a twice-a-day job. And if the cow has a sore, feverish and   |
|inflamed udder, cut, cracked or sore teats, milking time is most        |
|uncomfortable for both the cow and the one who does the milking.        |
|                                                                        |
|Whenever a cow gives any indication of tenderness or soreness of udder  |
|or teats, apply                                                         |
|                                                                        |
|                    ~PRATTS BAG OINTMENT~                               |
|                                                                        |
|and speedy improvement will follow. It quickly penetrates to the seat of|
|the trouble, softens and soothes the feverish parts, and heals up the   |
|sores.                                                                  |
|                                                                        |
|Use it for caked bags, or garget, for cuts, cracks, scratches or sores  |
|on udder or teats. It works wonders. Better keep a package on hand for  |
|quick use.                                                              |
|                                                                        |
|           "~YOUR MONEY BACK IF YOU ARE NOT SATISFIED~"                 |
|                                                                        |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+


~Retained After-Birth~

_Causes._--The cow, the most of all our domestic animals, is especially
subject to this accident. It is most likely to occur after abortion.
Again, in low conditions of health and an imperfect power of
contraction, we have causes for retention. The condition is common when
the cow is given food insufficient in quantity or in nutriment.

_Treatment._--Blanket the cow in a warm stable, and three times a day
give hot drinks and hot mashes of wheat bran to which two
tablespoonfuls of Pratts Cow Remedy have been added. When the
after-birth comes away, continue treatment giving one tablespoonful of
Pratts Cow Remedy until full recovery. The vagina and womb should be
syringed with a solution of one ounce of Pratts Dip and Disinfectant to
a gallon of warm water. Repeat daily until all discharge has
disappeared.

_Prevention._--If the cow has been given Pratts Cow Remedy during
pregnancy or from two to four weeks before calving, there will be very
few cases of this trouble.


~Barrenness and Sterility~

When a cow persistently fails to breed and bear young, she is said to be
barren. That a barren cow cannot be a profit maker, goes without saying.

_Causes._--Barrenness in many cases is due to malformation of the
generative organs, tumors or other diseased conditions. Very frequently
it is a result of Contagious Abortion, and this should always be
suspected. Cows bred at too early an age frequently produce calves which
prove to be barren, due to constitutional weakness.

_Treatment._--The true preventive of such conditions is to be found in
sound hygiene. Use Pratts Dip and Disinfectant freely about the
premises.

The breeding animal should be of adult age neither overfed nor underfed,
but well fed and moderately exercised.

In proof of the beneficial results of exercise, it is of record that a
cow pronounced barren, when driven to a new owner, living several miles
distant, became fertile and for years thereafter produced healthy
calves.

Vigorous health must be sought, not only that a strong race may be
propagated but that the cow may breed with certainty.

For toning up the generative organs, so that they can perform their
natural functions, Pratts Cow Remedy is safe and positive.

The usual dose is a level tablespoonful twice a day in the feed.

Thus for less than a cent a day, you can make sure of the cow enjoying
health and being productive.


~Aphtha, Sores on the Lips and Tongue~

_Symptoms._--Painful blisters which become sores on the lips and tongue.
Occurs often in sucking calves.

_Treatment._--Wash the mouth twice a day with one ounce of borax and one
fluid ounce of myrrh mixed in one quart of water or a mild solution of
Pratts Dip and Disinfectant. Give Pratts Cow Remedy daily. If the mouth
is very sore give the remedies in gruel form. Feed animal on regular
gruel feed. If it occurs in calves, give Pratts Cow Remedy with milk and
use borax as mentioned above.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Pittsfield, Ill.

     Am using Pratts Bag Ointment on young heifer with a very sore bag
     and she is doing fine. I would not do without it.

     F.E. STORCK._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


~Bloat~

_Symptoms_.--While eating, or shortly afterward, a swelling appears on
the left side, and as the swelling increases the animal appears to be in
great distress, pants, strikes belly with its hind feet, the belching of
gas is noticed and the animal does not chew its cud. Later the
breathing becomes difficult, the animal moans, its back is arched, eyes
protrude, the tongue hangs out and saliva runs from the mouth.

_Cause._--Eating damp grass, succulent grass of early spring and second
crop clover in autumn when wet with dew or rain. Also caused by a change
of food or over filling the paunch of animal with indigestible food.

_Treatment._--At this stage mix one ounce aromatic spirits of ammonia in
one pint of water and give the mixture as a drench. Repeat in twenty
minutes if necessary. In extreme cases a mechanical treatment can be
successfully employed by the use of Pratts Cattle Trocar.


~Caked Udder, or Garget~

Apply Pratts Bag Ointment according to directions. It is very
penetrating, and has great softening and cooling properties. Use also
for chafing and inflammation.


~Cold~

_Symptoms._--Heated forehead, sneezing, coughing, may have diarrhoea or
be constipated, fever and loss of appetite. Urine deficient.

_Treatment._--Give large doses of Pratts Cow Remedy in gruel form and
gradually reduce quantity. Keep animal warm, bandage legs and rub throat
and lungs with Pratts Liniment.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _McDonoghville, La.

     Pratts Animal Regulator can't be beat for sick calves--this is from
     actual experience.

     E.M. HUBERT._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


~Colic~

Animal will be uneasy, gets up and lies down, and suffers much pain.

Walk the animal for a few minutes, then give one pint of Glauber Salts
dissolved in a pint of warm water, and inject a quart of warm water,
with two fluid ounces of laudanum, into the bowels. Give regularly
Pratts Cow Remedy mixed with warm water as gruel until animal is
relieved, then mix with the feed. In extreme cases give four drams of
carbonate of ammonia, two drams of belladonna, mixed with one pint of
water. Blankets wrung out of hot water and applied will help to relieve
the pain. Another remedy is one ounce of sulphuric ether and one ounce
tincture of opium in a pint of warm water. A pint of whiskey in a pint
of warm water is also good.


~Constipation~

_Cause._--From eating dry, coarse food, lack of exercise and not enough
water.

_Treatment._--Give Epsom salts or a pint of raw linseed oil and plenty
of green food, linseed meal, bran mashes, roots and Pratts Cow Remedy
daily. Exercise is necessary.


~Cow Pox~

(Variola)

_Symptoms._--Round inflamed spots appear upon the teats. They enlarge
and form large scabs. The milk yield is always diminished. It is very
contagious. This is the vaccine-virus used as a preventive for smallpox.

_Treatment._--Separate the cows affected. Do not break the pox. Apply
Pratts Healing Ointment to the sores and give Pratts Cow Remedy to all
the cows, whether affected or not.

~Closing of the Milk Duct~

Use Pratts Self-Retaining Milking Tube. Never use a solid probe or
needle.


~Cut, Cracked, Injured or Sore Teats~

Apply Pratts Bag Ointment according to directions on box.


~Diarrhoea~

(Scours)

_Treatment._--Give large doses of Pratts Cow Remedy at first, then
reduce to regular quantity. Give starch gruel or flour and water.
Another remedy is two fluid drams of tincture of kino three times daily.


~Foot and Mouth Disease~

_Symptoms._--Sore feet and blisters form in and about the mouth and on
udder. Animal shivers, has fever, becomes lame and teeth become loose.
It is very contagious.

_Treatment._--Separate all sick animals and wash mouths with one part
Pratts Disinfectant to 100 parts water, or one-half teaspoonful of
tincture of aloes and myrrh. Stand animals in a trough containing one
part Pratts Dip and Disinfectant to 20 parts water. Repeat in five days.
Disinfect all stables, litter, etc. Give daily Pratts Cow Remedy with
the regular feed. Use Pratts Bag Ointment on teats and udder. When
recovered, sponge all over with one part Pratts Dip and Disinfectant to
20 parts water.


~Foot Rot~

_Treatment._--Clean stalls and disinfect with one part Pratts Dip and
Disinfectant to 100 parts water. Pare away all ragged portions of the
foot and keep animal on clean floor until cured. Make a poultice of one
part Disinfectant to five parts water and stir in a little flour to the
proper constituency and apply to the foot.


~Lice~

Lousy stock cannot grow fat for the nourishment given is absorbed by the
lice.

_Treatment._--Clean stable thoroughly and spray Pratts Dip and
Disinfectant everywhere. Sprinkle a small quantity on an old blanket and
tie it around the animal for two or three hours. Spray the legs and such
places the blanket does not cover. Repeat if necessary.

If Pratts Powdered Lice Killer is used, dust the animals thoroughly with
the powder, rubbing the hair the wrong way, then rub it thoroughly into
the skin.


~Lump Jaw~

_Cause._--A vegetable parasite. It is contagious.

_Treatment._--Remove the tumor by surgical means or paint daily with
tincture of iodine. Give daily two drams of iodide of potash. Give
nourishing feed with Pratts Cow Remedy daily. Disinfect stable with
Pratts Dip and Disinfectant.


~Milk--Bloody or Stringy~

_Cause._--By rupture of minute vessels in the udder due to injury,
irritation or inflammation and derangement of the system.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _East Point, Ga.

     Please send me a box of Pratts Cow Remedy and some Pratts Bag
     Ointment. I sure do need it. I found no other that will do the
     work. It brings in calves easy.

     MRS. MATTIE BROWN._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


_Treatment._--Change the food and pasture. Give large doses of Pratts
Cow Remedy at first, and gradually reduce to regular quantity. Give good
nutritious feed with bran mashes and clean fresh, water. Rub udder twice
daily with Pratts Bag Ointment. Four drams of hyposulphite of soda in
feed twice a day has produced good results.


~Milk--Blue and Watery~

_Treatment._--Keep stable perfectly clean, disinfect thoroughly with
Pratts Disinfectant and treat same as for bloody milk. Sometimes blue
milk is the sign of tuberculosis. If so, have the cow killed and burned
or buried deep.


~Milk Fever~

_Symptoms._--There is a feverish condition and inflammation of the
brain; a complete stoppage of milk, weakness in hind quarters, animal
staggers and when down is unable to rise, throws head to one side and
goes into a state of stupor.

_Cause._--By trouble peculiar to calving or running into rich pasture
during hot weather; by lack of exercise and from costiveness. Usually
attacks fat cows.

_Treatment._--(From Circular 45, Bureau of Animal Industry, U.S.
Department of Agriculture.) "Of all known methods of treating milk
fever, the injection of sterile atmospheric air into the udder is by far
the most simple and practicable as well as the most efficacious and
harmless one at our disposal." Pratts Milk Fever Outfit for air
treatment should always be kept on hand. The price is $3. This treatment
has cured 97 per cent. of cases treated.

_Prevention._--Feed pregnant cows with nutritious and laxative feed,
give plenty of water and Pratts Cow Remedy daily. Keep stable clean,
well ventilated and disinfected with Pratts Dip and Disinfectant.


~Milk--To Increase the Flow of~

_Treatment._--To increase flow of milk give Pratts Cow Remedy daily with
a good nutritious ration and plenty of water. These supply just what a
cow needs to make her food appetizing, to regulate the blood, bowels and
digestive organs, to turn all the nutriment of the feed given into flesh
and milk without waste. Pratts Cow Remedy has been used for over 40
years by successful and conservative feeders, and wherever used,
according to directions, has produced wonderful results.


~Ophthalmia--Sore Eyes~

_Treatment._--Separate affected animals at once and put them in clean,
well ventilated but dark stalls as this is contagious. Disinfect entire
place with one part Pratts Dip and Disinfectant to 75 parts of water.
Give physic of a pound and a half of Epsom salts, dissolve in a pint of
warm water, to which add two ounces of powdered ginger. Give sloppy feed
with one dram of powdered nitrate of potassia added and Pratts Cow
Remedy daily.

Fasten a cloth over the eyes and keep it wet with a lotion of chloride
of zinc, one dram; carbolic acid, two drams; water, one gallon. Apply to
the cheek below each eye, to the space of about two inches, a small
portion composed of Spanish fly, 2 drams; lard, two tablespoonfuls.
Apply in the morning and wash off with soap suds and a sponge, six hours
later. Apply lard. Keep separated from herd for a month after recovery.


~Rheumatism~

_Symptoms._--Hot, painful swellings at the joints, stiffness in walking
and difficulty in rising.

_Cause._--By exposure, badly ventilated and wet stables, damp, marshy
pasture and impure food.

_Treatment._--Bathe joints with Pratts Liniment. Give a physic of a
pound of Epsom salts in warm water. Give two drams of salicylate of soda
every three hours for two days. Keep animal warm and dry. Give
nutritious feed of a laxative nature with Pratts Cow Remedy daily.


~Sore Throat~

_Symptoms._--Difficulty in swallowing, pain and difficult breathing.

_Treatment._--Place in dry, clean, well ventilated stable. Use nose bag.
Rub throat with Pratts Liniment. Give physic of one pound of Epsom salts
in warm water. Give one-half ounce of tincture of belladonna every six
hours. Syringe throat three times a day with an ounce of following
solution: one and one-half drams nitrate of silver and one pint of
distilled water.


~Sprains~

Use Pratts Liniment, nothing better.


~Teats--Obstructed~

_Treatment._--Wash off with one part Pratts Dip and Disinfectant and 50
parts of water. Use Pratts Teat Opener. Pratts Self-Retaining Milking
Tube can then be inserted until teat is better. Rub teats with Pratts
Bag Ointment.


~Ticks~

_Treatment._--All cattle infected with ticks should be sponged or dipped
at once with one part Pratts Dip and Disinfectant to 20 parts water.
Repeat in ten days. This will not only kill the ticks but cure mange,
soften the hair and make the skin healthy.


~Tuberculosis--Consumption~

_Symptoms._--Not well marked in early stages. Disease develops slowly.
There is a loss of flesh, a short dry cough, irregular appetite, rapid
breathing, weakness, bloating, diarrhoea, the milk is lessened and is
watery and blue in color. The coat is rough and back arched. Whenever an
animal is suspected of having tuberculosis, have a competent person give
the "Tuberculosis Test" at once.

_Cause._--Poor feed and water, badly ventilated stables, dirty stables,
from over-feeding and inoculation. It is hereditary. May also follow
abortion and catarrhal trouble of the genital organs.

_Treatment._--Disease is incurable. Kill and burn all animals affected
at once and disinfect thoroughly stables, yards, etc., with one part
Pratts Dip and Disinfectant to 50 parts of water. Disinfect every week
until every germ is destroyed. Use Pratts Dip and Disinfectant in all
whitewash and sponge or dip all the cattle in a solution of one part
Disinfectant to 100 parts water.


~Wire Cuts, Wounds, Bites, Etc.~

_Treatment._--Wash with one part Pratts Dip and Disinfectant and 50
parts water and apply Pratts Healing Ointment or Healing Powder three
times a day.


~Worms~

Give Pratts Specially Prepared Worm Powder according to directions. It
is quick in its action and has a strong tonic effect.



[Illustration: PRATTS PRACTICAL POINTERS]



~SHEEP~


Many years ago the sheep industry of America flourished. Then came a
period of depression in this line accompanied by a steady decrease in
the number of sheep kept. But the tide turned again about 1914 and the
sheep are rapidly coming back to American farms and ranges.

This change is doubtless due to the steadily increasing cost of grain
and labor accompanied by correspondingly high prices of lamb, mutton and
wool. Also to a general recognition of the economic value of sheep--both
of the mutton and wool breeds--as quick producers of income, no little
part of which should be profit. The latter point is due to the fact that
sheep are inexpensive to maintain as they thrive upon the roughest of
pastures and coarse feeds which will not sell to advantage, and their
care consumes but little time. Low production costs--feed and labor--and
high prices for the products make a most satisfactory combination.

Methods of successful sheep management vary in different sections of the
country. The beginner may well consult the successful sheep-growers in
his section and adopt the methods which give good results under the
conditions existing in his locality. At the same time he should neglect
no opportunity to secure more information from all sources, in order to
know and use the most advanced methods and so make the maximum profits.

Here are a few basic facts:

Sheep raising requires careful attention, but does not demand a great
amount of heavy labor or expensive equipment.

The best time to make a start is in the early fall when good breeding
stock may be selected.

While pure-bred breeders are best, a pure-bred ram and ewes of good
grade will prove very satisfactory.

A start may be made in a small way, but it is best to have at least
twenty to forty breeders for economy of time, labor and other expenses.

As a rule it is most profitable to push the lambs for growth and market
them when they weigh 65 to 75 pounds.

This weight can be secured in about four months.

If a very large pasture is available the flock will thrive on this.
Otherwise fields must be fenced off and forage crops provided.

Breeding ewes must be exercised in the winter to insure strong lambs.
But protect them from rain or wet snow as soaked fleeces cause colds and
pneumonia.

[Illustration: ~SHROPSHIRE SHEEP~]

Thrifty condition and vigorous health must be maintained at all costs.
Otherwise the lambs will be small and weak and fleeces of inferior
quality. The regular use of Pratts Animal Regulator will improve
condition, insure health and vigor, increase number and quality of
lambs, promote growth of flesh and wool. And in large measure, it keeps
common diseases away because Pratt-fed sheep are in condition to
_resist_ disease.

Shearing should be done after lambing, usually in late spring or early
summer. If lambing time is late, the shearing may be done before the
lambs arrive. Tie up the fleeces separately, first sorting out dung
locks and tags.

After lambing, the individual ewes should be carefully watched to see
that they have plenty of milk and are in good condition. They should be
kept in pens for about three days, when they may be permitted to run
with the flock. Feed lightly for two or three days, then heavily to
stimulate the milk flow so lambs will be well-nourished. They may
profitably receive one to two pounds of grain per day during the nursing
period.

Inferior ewes should be marketed as rapidly as they are identified. Get
rid of the barren ones, producers of poor lambs, poor milkers, light
shearers.

Sheep must be protected against blood-thirsty dogs and external and
internal parasites. In many sections sheep growers have united to fight
sheep-killing dogs and good results have been secured. United action
against a common enemy is best, as public sentiment may thus be aroused.

Because of their thick fleeces and helplessness, sheep suffer greatly
from the attacks of ticks, lice and other parasites. Ticks are
particularly injurious. They annoy and weaken the adult animals, torture
the lambs and check their growth. The result is always a money loss to
the sheep owner.

Fortunately it is a simple matter to exterminate the ticks and lice and
overcome the ordinary skin diseases of sheep. Merely dip the sheep in a
solution of Pratts Disinfectant. It is non-poisonous, inexpensive--does
the work!

[Illustration: ~MERINO RAM~]

July and August is the popular time for dipping, but the work can be
done as soon after shearing as the shear cuts heal. Two dippings are
necessary, about twenty-four days apart. The first treatment may not
kill all the eggs, but the second will kill the young ticks, thus
completing the job. For successful results, it is necessary to use a
dipping tank or vat large enough to hold sufficient of the solution to
immerse and thoroughly saturate each animal.

Intestinal parasites, of which the stomach worm is perhaps the most
dreaded, cause great loss to sheep owners. These worms live in the
fourth stomach. They are easily identified, being from one-half to one
and a quarter inches long, marked with a red stripe. Their eggs are
found in the droppings of the sheep, so infection is secured in the
pasture.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Augusta, Me.

     As a constant user of Pratts Animal Regulator, for sheep, I find
     that it not only helps them to put on flesh but keeps their system
     in fine condition. I take great pleasure in recommending it,
     knowing its benefit to Cloverdale Shropshires.

     H.J. O'HEAR, Samoset Farm._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------




[Illustration: Care of Swine]



~SWINE~


No other class of animals kept upon the farm brings returns so quickly
as swine, with the exception of fowls. Swine are specially valuable for
utilizing food that would otherwise go to waste. They are an invaluable
adjunct to the dairy, particularly when the whole milk is separated on
the farm.

You can grow big, healthy, profit-paying hogs, if you will merely meet
certain clearly defined hog requirements. If you do this, and it's easy,
you need never worry about profits. You are _sure_ to succeed.

The world needs and will pay you well for all the hogs you can produce.
Aside from the pork products required for consumption in America, the
hog growers of the United States must for years export to Europe more
pork in various forms, and more lard, than ever before.

The European herds of hogs have been sadly depleted. Dr. Vernon Kellogg,
of the United States Food Administration, has personally investigated
the situation. He reports decreases in hogs in leading countries as
follows: France, 49 per cent.; Great Britain, 25 per cent.; Italy,
12 1/2 per cent. And, of course, conditions are even worse in Germany,
Austria and the Balkan Nations, all of which are big producers in normal
times.

Properly handled, kept healthy and vigorous, the American hog is a
money-maker. Many farmers know this from experience: others fail to
realize how useful and profitable the hog really is.

The experts connected with the United States Department of Agriculture
make the following assertions in Farmers' Bulletin 874:

"No branch of live-stock farming gives better results than the raising
of well-bred swine when conducted with a reasonable amount of
intelligence. The hog is one of the most important animals to raise on
the farm, either for meat or for profit, and no farm is complete unless
some hogs are kept to aid in the modern method of farming. The farmers
of the South and West, awakening to the merits of the hog, are rapidly
increasing their output of pork and their bank accounts. The hog
requires less labor, less equipment, less capital, and makes greater
gains per hundred pounds of concentrates than any other farm animal, and
reproduces himself faster and in greater numbers; and returns the money
invested more quickly than any other farm animal except poultry."

The University of Minnesota, in Extension Bulletin 7, sums up the matter
as follows:

"From a business point of view, the hog is described as a great national
resource, a farm mortgage lifter and debt-payer, and the most generally
profitable domesticated animal in American agriculture."

And this summarizes the general opinion of progressive hog growers and
the experts connected with the United States Department of Agriculture
and the various State Agricultural Experiment Stations and Colleges.

Breeds of hogs are divided into two general classes--bacon type and lard
type. Where milk is plentiful, and especially where such foods as barley
and peas are grown, the bacon type will be the most profitable, as they
furnish the largest litters and also make pork that brings the best
price in the market. The lard type of swine are usually kept where corn
is the cereal that is most grown.

The large Yorkshire and Tamworth are the leading bacon breeds. The
Poland China, the Duroc Jersey, and the Chester White are leading lard
types. The Berkshires, Cheshires, and Hampshires are intermediate
between the bacon and lard types. When bacon sires are crossed upon sows
of any of the other breeds, the progeny are excellent for pork.

The farmer who is about to adopt a breed should be sure to select one of
the standard and common breeds of his own neighborhood. Many men make
the mistake of introducing a breed new to the section, and when the time
comes that a new boar must be secured much difficulty and expense are
incurred before a satisfactory one can be found.

The bulletin quoted above further says: "To the production of pork,
then, in _the largest amount_, in _the shortest time_, and with _the
minimum of money and labor_, all the details of the hog-raising industry
are directed." Here is the whole secret--pork in largest amount, in
shortest time, at lowest production costs. And the very foundation is
perfect health and vigorous condition of the hogs, both breeding animals
and market stock.

Health and vigor are necessary in the breeding animals if they are to
produce big litters of sturdy pigs--in the market animals if they are to
consume large amounts of food and economically and quickly convert it
into fat and muscle. Weak, sickly, run-down hogs are a constant source
of trouble and are never profitable under any conditions. Disease is one
of the greatest drawbacks in the hog industry.

[Illustration: ~POLAND CHINA PIG~]

When selecting brood sows of any breed, the preference should be given
to those which have reasonably long sides and limbs of medium length.
When selecting boars make sure that vigor is present in a marked degree
and also strong limbs. Any weakness in the back of male or female is to
be carefully shunned.

During pregnancy two facts must be borne in mind. The first is that the
sow is doing double duty. She is keeping up her own bodily functions, as
well as developing her fetal litter. Therefore, feeding should be
liberal. The mistakes in feeding breeding animals are more frequently
those which keep such stock thin. The importance of ample feeding at
this time is a demonstrated fact, as well as one which appeals to common
sense.

In the second place the sow is building new tissue. Hence the kind of
feed is important. Bran, peas, oats and barley and such forage plants as
clover, alfalfa, vetches and the like. Ordinary pasture grasses are of
much value.

All breeders lay great emphasis on the condition of the bowels during
pregnancy, and particularly at farrowing. The special danger to be
avoided is constipation. It is right here that Pratts Hog Tonic shows
its great worth to hog raiser. It puts the digestion organs into healthy
condition and the result is safe farrowing and a healthy litter which
is not apt to suffer from scours or thumps.

[Illustration: ~DUROC-JERSEY BOAR~]

Good health is inherited from vigorous, healthy ancestors. It is
intensified and preserved by proper management. "The time to begin
fitting pigs for market is before they are farrowed. For this reason it
is advisable to pay particular attention to the feed and care of the
brood sow from breeding to farrowing time." And "It must be understood
that it is much easier to continue an animal (hog) in a thrifty, hardy
condition than to bring the animal back to his normal appetite and rate
of growth, once he is out of order." (Circular 90, New Jersey Agr. Exp.
Station.)

These common-sense statements must appeal to the reason of every
thinking hog producer. And they make plain the wisdom of regularly
supplying Pratts Hog Tonic to the entire herd, to breeding stock,
growing pigs, fattening hogs.

This remarkable natural tonic and conditioners _is not_ a specific for
any single disease. It is a health-builder and health-preserver. In this
connection we wish to particularly mention that most dreaded and
destructive of all hog diseases--hog cholera. We do not claim that
Pratts Hog Tonic will entirely prevent or cure this scourge. But it will
put and keep your herd in such fine condition that the individuals will
be more resistant and will not as readily contract cholera or other germ
diseases. It will prevent and control such troubles as indigestion,
diarrhoea, constipation and the like, which are such a source of trouble
in the average herd.

You may not appreciate the value of using such a conditioner, but the
Kentucky Agr. Exp. Station, in Bulletin 181, contains the following
statement which deserves the careful consideration of every thoughtful
hog raiser: _"General conditioners have been found to be advantageous in
the maintenance of healthy conditions in hogs_."

Brood sows should not produce their first litter under twelve months.
Whether they should produce one or two litters a year will depend
largely upon the conditions, especially of climate. Sows should be kept
for breeding as long as they will produce good, even litters.
Well-chosen sows should rear an average of eight to the litter.

Brood sows should have ample exercise. They get it in good form when
they are allowed to turn over litter in the barnyard on which a little
grain, as corn, has previously been sprinkled. Two-thirds of the winter
rations may consist of mangels or alfalfa hay--the other third being
grain or swill. Alfalfa for hogs should be cut before blossoming.

When sows farrow they should be fed lightly for the first three days.
Later give all they will eat of milk-making foods. A combination of
ground oats, wheat shorts, and some corn is excellent. And Pratts Hog
Tonic will be found especially valuable during the nursing period. Meal
is fed ground and soaked. As soon as young pigs will take skim-milk they
should get it in a trough apart from the sow. They are weaned at seven
or eight weeks where two litters are grown in a year, and at twelve
weeks where but one is grown.

When pigs are weaned, and previously, there is nothing better than
shorts and skim milk. They should be grown subsequently to weaning on
pasture, with one to two pounds of grain added daily. In season, winter
or spring rye, clover, alfalfa, barley, and rape all make excellent
pasture.

The fattening period with swine covers from six to eight weeks. Unground
corn and water will fatten swine in good form. The same is true of
barley and rye, ground and soaked. They may be fattened nicely while
grazing on field peas. They may also be similarly fattened by hogging
off corn or gathering it from the excrement of cattle that are being
fattened on it. Swine well grown should make an average gain of a pound
a day. Bacon swine may be best sold at 175 to 200 pounds in weight. Lard
types are usually grown to greater weights.

Swine breeders have long recognized the value of Pratts Hog Tonic as a
disease preventive and fattener. Progressive breeders now consider it a
necessity in profitable hog raising.

If a second litter is wanted during a year the sows should be put to the
boar during the first heat after weaning. Many breeders do not like to
pass periods of heat for fear that the sows may become "shy," and there
is little reason why a sow should not have two litters a year. In any
case, the sows should be carried on comparatively light feed until time
to breed again, gaining a little in weight; and their treatment after
breeding should be as already detailed for pregnant sows.

When the boar arrives at the farm he should be dipped in a solution of
Pratts Dip and Disinfectant, as a matter of ordinary precaution against
the introduction of vermin. As an additional precaution, a quarantine
pen should be ready for him, especially if epizootics are prevalent. His
feed before change of owners should be known, and either adhered to or
changed gradually to suit the new conditions. If he has come from a long
distance it will be well to feed lightly until he is well acclimated.

[Illustration: ~TAMWORTH PIG~]

Breeders generally advocate the practice of keeping a boar to himself
during the entire year--out of sight and hearing of the sows. However, a
boar is often allowed to run with the sows after they are safe in pig;
but during the breeding season it is by far the best policy to keep him
by himself, admitting a sow to his yard for mating, and allowing but one
service. The litters will generally be larger and the pigs stronger.

The boar should not serve more than two sows daily, preferably one in
the morning and one in the afternoon, and can serve 50 to 60 in a season
without difficulty.

In order to keep the boar in vigorous physical condition, he should be
given Pratts Hog Tonic regularly. The beneficial results will be seen in
the way of larger litters and stronger pigs.

The greatest drawback to the hog industry which breeders in this country
have to contend against is found in the losses which may be experienced
through the infestation of the animals, especially young pigs, by
parasites, through outbreaks of hog cholera or swine plague, or through
the contraction of tuberculosis.

[Illustration: ~CHESTER WHITE BOAR~]

In dealing with the diseases of hogs, preventive measures must be most
relied upon. The animals must be given dry and well-ventilated quarters,
which must be kept clean. Contrary to common belief, hogs have some
habits which raise them above other domestic animals from the
standpoint of cleanliness. For example, unless compelled to do so, a
hog will not sleep in its own filth. If part of the floor of the pen is
raised and kept well bedded with straw, while the rest is not, all
excrement will be left on the unbedded portion of the floor, and the bed
itself will be always clean.

In addition to cleanliness, close attention should be given to the feed
which is supplied, that nothing may be fed which will convey the germs
of disease, especially tuberculosis, to the herd. If the hogs are fed
milk in any form obtained from cows kept upon the same farm, the cows
should be subjected to the tuberculin test, as by this means all
tuberculous milk may be kept from the hogs. If they run with the cattle
of the farm a tuberculin test of all the cattle is none the less
desirable. Animals dead from any disease should not be fed to the hogs
until the meat has been made safe by cooking. Skim milk or refuse from a
public creamery should not be fed to hogs until it has been thoroughly
sterilized.

Feeding and drinking places should be clean and the water supply pure.
Unless the origin is known to be uncontaminated and there has been no
possibility of infection during its course, hogs should not be allowed
access to any stream. Wallows should be drained out or kept filled up as
much as possible. At least once a month the quarters should be
disinfected with a solution of Pratts Dip and Disinfectant. These
precautions will be found valuable aids in the destruction of the
various animal parasites, as well as a protection from some more serious
troubles.

The methods of feeding and management outlined above have been
successfully followed by hog growers for many years. They are
conservative and safe. But during recent years a new method of feeding
has been developed and is being generally adopted, especially by
specialists who make hog growing a real business. This is known as the
"self-fed" plan, under which system feed is kept before the hogs at all
times and they are permitted to eat at will. In poultry feeding this is
called "the dry mash system."

Just who deserves credit for originating or developing this plan cannot
be stated. That it is a good one is evidenced by the fact that it has
received the endorsement of the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States
Department of Agriculture; of many Agricultural Experiment Stations; of
the specialty swine journals; of practical hog breeders in all sections
of the country.

For this self-feed plan it is claimed that both feed and labor are
saved, thus reducing production costs. That a 250-pound hog can be grown
in thirty days less time than is possible where slop-feeding is
practiced, thus getting the hogs to market earlier and avoiding danger
of loss during this time. That it produces pork of highest quality, the
meat being fine in flavor, firm, and with lean and fat well distributed.

Advocates of the self-feeding plan make the following comparison with
the old-time slop-feeding method:

When dry food is supplied in automatic feeders, the attendant may fill
the feeders at any convenient time of day and that at intervals of
several days. In slop feeding, the meals must be prepared and fed twice
daily, usually when other duties are pressing and time especially
valuable.

When dry, ground grains are kept before the hogs at all times, they eat
when they feel the need of food and are not liable to overeat at any
time. Because of the dry character of the feed, they eat slowly,
masticating the food thoroughly and mixing it with saliva. This means
more thorough digestion and an absence of indigestion and bowel
troubles. And, of course, quicker growth.

Slop-fed hogs, on the other hand, get very hungry between meals. At
feeding time they pile up around the troughs, the stronger rushing and
pushing away the weaker ones, those that really need the feed the most.
Then they bolt the food without chewing it, taking all they can hold and
leaving little for those that cannot find a place at the "first table."

The quality of the dry-fed pork has been mentioned. Equally important,
from the standpoint of the butcher, is the loss in dressing of hogs.
Tests have shown that slop-fed stock loses six to eight pounds more per
hundredweight than does the dry-fed.

[Illustration: ~BERKSHIRE BOAR~]

Another big advantage of dry-feeding lies in the fact that large numbers
of swine, including those of various ages and sizes, can be safely kept
in one herd. The writer has seen over two hundred head of swine, ranging
in size from pigs just weaned to 250-pound porkers ready for market,
living in peace and contentment in one building, eating and sleeping and
sharing the forage pastures together. Of course this means a big saving
in buildings and fencing and a great reduction in the amount of
necessary labor.

The self-feeder may be used all through the life of the hog, beginning
when the pigs are still nursing and continuing until they reach market
weight. During all this time the ration should contain Pratts Hog Tonic,
the guaranteed hog conditioner, in order that at all times the herd may
be maintained in vigorous condition, be kept free from disease, may
avoid wasting feed through imperfect or sluggish digestion, may earn for
the farmer the maximum amount of profit. We suggest that you make a test
of this results-insuring, profit-producing tonic. Watch results. If
_you_ are not satisfied the dealer from whom you purchased the goods
will refund the full amount you paid for them.

The self-feeding plan of growing hogs gives best results when the
animals are given access to growing forage crops. The feeders may be
placed under cover out in the fields or kept in the hog house if the
latter is reasonably near the pasture lots. An unlimited supply of fresh
water must be available at all times because dry-fed stock drinks many
times the amount of water that slop-fed hogs do. The reason is plain.

There are many different systems of handling hogs under this plan,
varying according to local conditions. We will give in detail the method
used most successfully for many years on a Pennsylvania farm which each
season markets several hundred hogs of a quality which commands a
premium above current quotations.

On this farm, particular attention is paid to keeping the hog houses
clean and sanitary, light, sunny and dry. Dampness is always a fertile
source of loss. Further, the houses are never crowded. Each animal is
given plenty of room.

The brood sows are placed in separate pens at farrowing time and watched
carefully when giving birth to the pigs. They are fed a rich slop, a
small quantity at first, but in gradually increasing amount until they
are receiving enough to insure a big flow of milk.

When the pigs are eight to ten days of age they are permitted to go at
will to the self-feeder containing a mixture of ground grains. As a
rule, several sows farrow at about the same time and the pens are so
arranged that the pigs from several litters may all use one feeder.

This arrangement results in the pigs taking more exercise, eating more
food and making more rapid growth. It reduces the danger of thumps and
gives the youngsters a wonderfully strong start in life.


+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|              ~MORE PIGS PER HOG--MORE HOG PER PIG~                     |
|                                                                        |
|Big litters of strong-boned, growthy pigs, and rapid growth of pigs from|
|birth to maturity are the natural result of health and vigor of breeding|
|stock and youngsters. Weak, run-down boars and sows produce inferior    |
|pigs and usually small litters. And such pigs are not money-makers.    |
|                                                                        |
|                        ~PRATTS HOG TONIC~                              |
|                                                                        |
|the guaranteed conditioner for swine, overcomes most hog diseases, makes|
|the breeders healthy and vigorous, insures big litters of big pigs,     |
|makes the youngsters grow steadily and rapidly from birth to maturity   |
|and fatten quickly and economically.                                    |
|                                                                        |
|Many of the most successful hog-growers will tell you that one secret of|
|their success is the regular use of Pratts Hog Tonic. You should at     |
|least test it. No risk on your part because                             |
|                                                                        |
|             "~YOUR MONEY BACK IF YOU ARE NOT SATISFIED~"               |
|                                                                        |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+

[Illustration: Care of Swine]


The feed mixture used at this time varies somewhat according to
available supplies and current prices. A sample pig ration is made up as
follows:

  RATION FOR YOUNG PIGS

  Winter wheat middlings         40   lbs.
  Hominy meal                    40   lbs.
  Oil meal                        3   lbs.
  Whole oats (heavy)              5   lbs.
  60 per cent. Digester tankage  12   lbs.
  Fine salt                      1/2  lb.

Mix thoroughly.

When the pigs are weaned they are placed with the herd, a safe practice
because of the general contentment and quietness and the entire absence
of meal-time stampedes. They quickly adjust themselves to their new
surroundings, and, because accustomed to the use of self-feeders, at
once begin eating the regular hog ration with the rest of the herd.

In the hog house, enough self-feeders are provided to permit all animals
to eat at will without being crowded. One feeder to each twenty-five
hogs is the rule.

The hog ration, like the pig ration, varies according to conditions. But
at all times it is palatable and contains feeds which build bone, muscle
and fat. A favorite formula is this:

  RATION FOR GROWING HOGS

  Winter wheat middlings         50 lbs.
  Wheat bran                     50 lbs.
  Corn chop                      50 lbs.
  Whole oats                     10 lbs.
  50 per cent. Digester tankage  20 lbs.

Soft coal and salt are kept before the herd at all times. The hogs eat
these at will.

The grazing system is used on this farm. Many different forage crops are
planted, in order to insure a regular succession of succulent feeds. As
each field reaches proper condition for grazing, a hog fence is thrown
around it and the herd admitted. The hogs do all the work of harvesting,
thus securing valuable exercise and at the same time saving man labor.
Under this system the fields have steadily improved in fertility, due to
the turning under of the uneaten green stuff and the direct application
of the valuable hog manure.

Forage crops vary in different sections of the country. On the farm in
question the earliest forage is rye, followed in rotation by the various
clovers and mixtures of oats, Canada field peas, vetch, soy beans, etc.
Dwarf Essex rape is a favorite crop and one that furnishes a tremendous
amount of forage per acre.

When the corn crop matures, the larger individuals are given the liberty
of the corn fields and the crop is "hogged down." This again saves a
great amount of hand labor, a big item under existing conditions.

In the winter, when grazing is out of the question, the herd receives
once daily a liberal feed of second crop alfalfa or clover hay.

Understand, the feeders containing the dry mixture of ground grains, are
available to the hogs _at all times_. They help themselves at will, day
and night.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _La Fontaine, Ind.

     We have been trying to produce the largest hog in the world and we
     have done it! We have a Big Type Poland China hog, that has been
     fed 123 days, making a gain of 450 pounds and at this time weighs
     over 1200 pounds. We fed him on Pratts Animal Regulator.

     H.E. HENRY._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


When keeping hogs in large herds like this, it is of primary importance
that the most careful attention be paid to sanitation. Pratts Dip and
Disinfectant should be used regularly and thoroughly to protect against
disease germs and vermin. And Pratts Hog Tonic used to keep the hogs in
perfect condition _inside_.

If sickness appears in the herd the unaffected hogs should at once be
removed to clean, disinfected quarters, preferably without much range,
for by running over pastures they may come in contact with contagion.
Their feed should be carefully regulated, and, if they have previously
been on pasture, should include some green feed, roots, or an abundance
of skim milk.


+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                ~BANISH HOG VERMIN AND DISEASES~                        |
|                                                                        |
|To make a success of hog raising, dipping is almost as essential as     |
|feeding. At least it is second only to proper feeding.                  |
|                                                                        |
|Lice and vermin, the comfort-destroyers and profit-reducers, and the    |
|germs which cause cholera and tuberculosis, are exterminated by the     |
|regular use of                                                          |
|                                                                        |
|                 ~PRATTS DIP AND DISINFECTANT~                          |
|                                                                        |
|Put the hogs and pigs through the dipping vat and spray the quarters and|
|feed receptacles occasionally with a strong solution of the original    |
|Pratts Dip and Disinfectant. Result--comfortable, vermin-free and       |
|disease-free hogs, less loss, more pork, more money.                    |
|                                                                        |
|[Illustration: Pratts Animal Dip]                                   |
|                                                                        |
|There are other dips that look like the original Pratts, but they are   |
|not the same in efficiency. Refuse the substitutes. Use Pratts, the dip |
|you can depend upon. It costs no more but it's worth more! You be the   |
|judge--                                                                 |
|                                                                        |
|            "~YOUR MONEY BACK IF YOU ARE NOT SATISFIED~"                |
|                                                                        |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+


The quarters in which the sickness first appeared should be thoroughly
cleaned, all bedding and rubbish burned, and loose boards and old
partitions torn out and burned. If the pen is old, knock it to pieces
and burn it. Disinfect pens and sleeping places using Pratts Dip and
Disinfectant on the floors, walls and ceilings. Whitewash everything. If
a hog dies from any cause, the carcass should never be exposed where it
may be devoured by the other hogs or by passing birds or beasts, but
should be burned at once or buried deeply and the pens thoroughly
disinfected immediately. If possible, do not move the carcass from the
place where it falls; but if this cannot be done the ground over which
it is dragged should be disinfected. Hog-cholera bacilli can live in the
ground for at least three months. Care must be taken to maintain an
absolute quarantine between the sick and well hogs. The same attendant
should not care for both lots unless he disinfects himself thoroughly
after each visit to the infected hogs. Dogs should be confined until the
disease is stamped out.

Treatment of hogs suffering from cholera or swine plague is not always
satisfactory. The disease runs its course so rapidly that curative
measures are more or less ineffectual, and prevention of an outbreak
should be relied upon rather than the cure of sick animals. Pratts Hog
Tonic has been successful in less virulent outbreaks when administered
as soon as signs of sickness are shown.

Pratts Hog Tonic should be thoroughly mixed with the feed, which should
be soft, made of bran and middlings, corn meal and middlings, corn meal
and ground and sifted oats, or crushed wheat, mixed with hot water. If
the hogs are too sick to come to the feed, the tonic should be given as
a drench. Pull the cheek away from the teeth and pour the mixture in
slowly. Care should be exercised, as hogs are easily suffocated by
drenching. Do not turn a hog on its back to drench it.

Hogs often suffer very much from vermin. Lice are introduced from
neighboring herds, and the losses in feeding are often severe,
especially among young pigs, when death is sometimes a secondary if not
an immediate result. When very numerous, lice are a very serious drain
on vitality, fattening is prevented, and in case of exposure to disease
the lousy hogs are much more liable to contract and succumb to it.

Newly purchased hogs should be carefully examined for vermin, and they
should not be turned out with the herd until they are known to be free
from these pests.

When the herd is found to be badly infested with lice all bedding should
be burned and loose boards and partitions torn out. Old boards and
rubbish should be burned. The quarters should then be thoroughly
disinfected by spraying with Pratts Dip and Disinfectant.

Vermin are most common around the ears, inside the legs, and in the
folds of the skin on the jowl sides and flanks. In light and isolated
cases they may be destroyed by washing the hogs with Pratts Dip and
Disinfectant, properly diluted, applied with a broom.

In severe cases, however, especially where the whole herd is affected,
thorough spraying or dipping should be resorted to. In this case a
dipping tank will be a great convenience.

Whenever any animals are brought to the farm, or when animals are
brought home from shows or from neighboring farms, they should be kept
apart from the rest of the herd for at least three weeks. If they have
been exposed to hog cholera or swine plague the diseases will be
manifested within this time, and the sick animals can be treated or
killed and disposed of at once.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Galway, N.Y.

     I bought two spring pigs the 15th of April and began feeding them
     Pratts Animal Regulator until the 15th of December when I butchered
     them. One weighed 415 pounds, the other 420 pounds. I know this
     Regulator does what you claim it to do.

     BALDWIN O'BREY._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


If cholera breaks out in the neighborhood the farmer should maintain a
strict quarantine against the infected herds. He should refrain from
visits to farms where they are located, and should insist on requiring
that his neighbors stay out of his hog lots. Visiting of all kinds at
this time should be carefully restricted. Dogs, cats, crows, and
buzzards are very active carriers of infection from farm to farm, and
should be guarded against as far as possible.

[Illustration: PRATTS PRACTICAL POINTERS]


~COMMON DISEASES OF SWINE~

(Symptoms and Treatment)


~Diarrhoea or Scours~

_Cause._--By milk of the dam being affected by feeding of food tainted
with the elements of decay; by making a sudden change in the food; by
some disordered condition in the health of the sow, and by excess of
milk furnished by the dam.

Usually occurs before the weaning stage, as a rule in swine not yet ten
days old.

_Symptoms._--Very soft condition of the voidings which are sometimes
almost watery.

_Treatment._--Being highly contagious, spray the floor thoroughly with
Pratts Disinfectant. Keep the young swine comfortable and remove the
voidings carefully two or three times a day. Correct the food given the
dam, mixing Pratts Hog Tonic with her feed. Also give a small
tablespoonful of sulphur daily to the sow.


~Hog Cholera and Swine Plague~

Hog Cholera and Swine Plague are very much alike. Both are characterized
by inflammation of stomach and intestines, enlarged and inflamed
lymphatic glands and sloughing of portions of the skin. The treatment
and preventive measures are alike in many respects.

They are germ diseases, contracted in purchasing swine which may
contract the germs when in transit on cars; by exhibiting at fairs;
through persons who have visited infected herds; through the feet of
dogs and birds to which the germs may have adhered; through the water of
an infected pond or stream.

The most dangerous source of infection by far is coming in touch with
diseased animals.

Reduced stamina and filthy quarters favor the spread of these diseases.


~Hog Cholera~

_Symptoms._--Dullness, loss of appetite or depraved appetite and a
disposition to lie down; constipation or diarrhoea; stiff gait; red
spots or blotches discernible about the ears and under the neck and
belly; in some instances there is difficulty in breathing.

_Treatment._--Authorities agree that there is no known cure for real hog
cholera. Preventive measures, therefore, are of vital importance. Pratts
Disinfectant should be used frequently and to build up the general
health of the hog, giving it full disease-resisting power, Pratts Hog
Tonic should be added to the ration. Besides, it is a valuable tonic and
fattener.


~Swine Plague~

_Symptoms._--Extensive inflammation of the lungs, by which it can be
distinguished from hog cholera. There is coughing and labored, painful
and oppressed breathing.

It frequently comes as a pneumonia or an inflammation of the lungs and
pleural membrane. The animal is in a sleepy and even comatose condition
much of the time. If it walks it staggers. The skin reddens in a marked
degree and the bowels become constipated. This disease, though not
nearly so common as hog cholera is usually very fatal. Preventive
measures, as indicated for hog cholera, are all important. Use Pratts
Hog Tonic as directed and disinfect with Pratts Disinfectant.


~Thumps~

_Cause._--Too liberal feeding and lack of exercise, resulting in poor
digestion. The diaphragm contracts suddenly at irregular intervals, thus
giving the name to the disease. The pig becomes unthrifty and stunted.
If the sow is a liberal milker, nursing pigs may be affected. Treatment
is usually preventive, consisting of exercise and careful feeding,
Pratts Hog Tonic being added to the feed.


~Tuberculosis in Swine~

The losses from this disease are beginning to assume enormous
proportions. It results largely from swine drinking the milk of
tuberculous cattle.

_Symptoms._--Digestive disorders, such as diarrhoea and vomiting; a
stunted condition and a staring coat and breathing more or less labored.

_Treatment._--There is no positive cure for this severe disease, but
good sanitation is the best preventive. Use Pratts Disinfectant freely
and maintain health and vigor by regularly using Pratts Hog Tonic.

The importance of testing heads of cattle that may be affected with
tuberculosis is thus further emphasized.


~Worms~

There is perhaps no other animal troubled to so great an extent or with
so many varieties of worms, as the hog. Indeed it is almost a rule with
some growers when a hog is sick and it cannot be told exactly what is
the matter that they doctor for worms.

There are four species of worms that live in the intestines of swine,
resulting in more or less harm. The Common Round Worm, Pin Worm and Whip
Worm develop from eggs taken in in food and water. The Thornheaded Worm
develops from a white grub which swine eat. To a great extent these are
kept in check by Pratts Hog Tonic.

As preventive measures, drain stagnant pools and wet places where these
eggs may be found; plough up yards and pastures; do not feed on floors
not properly cleaned, or on ground that may have been much used for such
feeding; do not give water from a deep well, do not allow the swine to
wallow in the drinking trough.

_Symptoms._--Frequently a gluttonous appetite without corresponding
improvement in flesh. Again a much impaired appetite is found; diarrhoea
or constipation; excessive itching, causing the animal to rub,
especially the hind parts. These symptoms will only exist when worms are
present in large numbers.

_Treatment._--Give each adult hog one heaping tablespoonful of Pratts
Worm Powder with the feed once a day for four days. After the last dose
give a bran mash to loosen bowels.

Repeat this treatment two weeks after the first to insure killing any
worms which may have hatched in the meantime.

Even if you are not sure that your hogs have worms--as they _probably_
have--you should use Pratts Worm Powder as above as a matter of
precaution.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Woodsboro, Md.

     I bought four pigs, four months' old, weighing about 16 pounds
     each, and, in bad condition. Began to feed Pratts Animal Regulator
     and at 5 months' old they averaged a gain of one pound a day per
     pig.

     CHARLES W. HOLBRUNER._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------




[Illustration: Care of Poultry]



~POULTRY~


"One hundred hens on every farm" was the small number set by the United
States Department of Agriculture in its great war drive for increased
production of foods. And certainly this number of fowls, and many more,
can be easily and profitably maintained on the average farm. Easily,
because under free range conditions, which are possible on the farm they
require but little attention. Profitably, because under these
conditions, where they pick up much of their living, the cost of
production is comparatively low, while eggs and flesh sell at good
prices. Further, these delicious and nutritious foods add variety to the
farm table.

[Illustration: ~BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCKS~]


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _South Easton, Mass.

     I have used Pratts Poultry Regulator regularly.

     The egg record for 900 fowls for five months the past winter was as
     follows: Dec., 50%; Jan., 43%; Feb., 55%; March, 69%; April, 69%.
     The lower record of January was caused by some pullets moulting.

     Would say that fertility of eggs averaged 87% in December to over
     90% later in the spring.

     J.H. RANKIN._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


Many a farmer's wife finds her poultry flock a never-failing source of
pin money. Many a farm girl and boy have secured their education from
faithfully saving the "egg-money." And the opportunities for profit in
this line are now greater than ever before.


~Helps for Poultrymen~

In a short chapter in a general publication of this kind it is
impossible to go into the finer details of modern methods of poultry
husbandry. For those who desire more information on this subject we have
a big 160-page book, pages 6x9 inches in size, fully illustrated with
150 photos and drawings. The title is "The Poultryman's Complete
Handbook." It's worth a dollar, but we will send you a copy, prepaid,
for only ten cents in stamps or silver. Address your request to Pratt
Food Co., Philadelphia.

[Illustration: ~WHITE WYANDOTTES~]

Pratts Poultry Service Department is maintained to give expert
information and advice on poultry topics. There is no charge for this
service. Whenever you get puzzled, write Pratts experts. They will send
you a prompt personal reply containing the information you desire. No
charge, no obligation. Address such letters to Poultry Service
Department, Pratt Food Co., Philadelphia.

[Illustration: ~S.C. WHITE LEGHORNS~]


~Breeds of Poultry~

Regardless of breeding and appearance, a heavy layer is a good hen to
own. And laying ability is not confined to any one breed or class of
fowls. There are exceptional layers, dependable profit-payers, in
practically every fair-sized flock, whether made up of standard-bred
stock or mongrels.

As a general rule, however, standard-bred birds are best. By that term
we mean those which have been bred to meet the typical breed and variety
descriptions as appearing in the official Standard of Perfection which
is published by the American Poultry Association. Such a flock is bound
to be uniform in size, appearance and general characteristics, is easier
to manage properly because of its uniformity, and its products, both
eggs and table poultry, will also be uniform. Further the income from
such a flock may be increased through the sale of eggs for hatching and
of breeding stock at prices many times greater than those of table eggs
and poultry.

No matter what breed you select, the most important matter, the very
foundation of success, is the securing of _individual birds which are
strong, sturdy, vigorous and healthy_. Only stock of high vitality can
be depended upon to give continuously good results. It is time and money
wasted to keep fowls which are weak, sickly or "run-down," the result
of improper breeding or management.

As a rule, it is best to select that breed which is most popular
locally, because such popularity indicates that the breed in question
thrives under local conditions and meets the requirements of the local
markets. Further, one has greater opportunities of securing good birds
and a larger market for hatching eggs and stock.

[Illustration: ~RHODE ISLAND REDS~]

     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Clemson College, S.C.

     We have been using Pratts Baby Chick Food and are very well pleased
     with it. I think that it is the best baby chick mash on the market
     today.

     FRANK C. HARE, Prof. of Poultry Husbandry._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


Among the farmers whose markets demand white-shelled eggs, the S.C.
White Leghorn is the most popular fowl. The Black Minorca is another
favorite. It produces the largest white eggs.

[Illustration: TOLMAN TYPE HOUSE]

Where brown-shelled eggs are wanted, the Plymouth Rock, Wyandotte, Rhode
Island Red and Orpington lead. And for the production of the largest
table carcasses the Light Brahma, either pure or crossed with a more
active breed, is a favorite. The live weights of adult birds of these
breeds are as follows:

  Breed.              Cock.       Hen.

  Leghorns           5 1/2 lbs.     4  lbs.
  Black Minorcas     9  lbs.     7 1/2 lbs.
  Plymouth Rocks     9 1/2 lbs.  7 1/2 lbs.
  Wyandottes         8 1/2 lbs.  6 1/2 lbs.
  Rhode Island Reds  8 1/2 lbs.  6 1/2 lbs.
  Orpingtons        10  lbs.        8  lbs.
  Light Brahmas     12  lbs.     9 1/2 lbs.

Most of these breeds have varieties, determined by color of plumage or
shape of comb. Select that one which best pleases you.

[Illustration: UNEVEN SPAN ROOF HOUSE]


~Poultry Houses~

When locating the poultry house remember that it is a great advantage to
have soil which is light and naturally well drained, since such soil
dries off quickly after a rain and is "much warmer," as poultrymen
express it. Heavy soil, even stiff clay, may be made to serve the
purpose admirably if provision is made to drain off all surface water.
But avoid a site on which water settles in pools, as the surface soon
becomes filthy and is a menace to the health of the flock.

[Illustration: NEW JERSEY MULTIPLE UNIT HOUSE Two units combined to
house two hundred fowls]

The birds should have the benefit of several hours of sunshine each day.
So locate the poultry house where the sun can strike it freely. The
shelter of tall buildings on the north, or even on the east or west, is
frequently an advantage during the winter months, but the south side
should be open if conditions permit. Shade trees and large shrubs about
the house are a source of comfort to the fowls during hot weather and
may be used to screen or partially hide the poultry plant.

The poultry house must be dry, well-ventilated, free from draughts,
light, sunny and cheerful. And if it is planned with reference to the
convenience of the poultryman, so much the better. The most simple and
inexpensive form of construction should be used. In all sections of the
country, excepting the extreme north, a single wall of matched boards on
a light frame is perfectly satisfactory. Unmatched boards with battens
nailed over the cracks or a layer of lightweight roofing paper over all
are equally good. In fact, in case of necessity, one may use the
roughest of lumber, and by covering the entire structure with roofing
paper make a building which is tight and comfortable and acceptable in
appearance.

The rear and end walls and roof must be _tight_ to insure dryness and
prevent all draughts. Windows and doors may be placed in end walls, but
these should usually be located forward of the center of the building
and made to fit snugly. The rear part of the house, where the roosts are
located, must at all costs be protected against cross-currents of air.

[Illustration: ROOST]

The south or front walls, on the other hand, should have ample openings
to admit air and sunshine. The open-front or fresh-air type of house is
much superior to the old tightly closed type. Plenty of fresh air means
comfort, health, vitality and increased production.

[Illustration: PRATTS PRACTICAL POINTERS]

+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                   "~PRATTS MAKES HENS LAY~"                            |
|                                                                        |
|~What is Pratts Poultry Regulator?~ A positive tonic and conditioner for|
|poultry of all kinds and ages. _A health-builder and health-preserver._ |
|Not a food.                                                             |
|                                                                        |
|~What does it contain?~ Roots, herbs, spices, mineral substances, etc.  |
|Each ingredient performs a certain duty. The combination spells "health |
|insurance."                                                             |
|                                                                        |
|~What does it do?~ Pratts Poultry Regulator makes and keeps poultry     |
|healthy, vigorous and productive. It shortens the molt, sharpens the    |
|appetite, improves digestion and circulation, hastens growth and        |
|increases egg-production. _It saves feed_ by preventing waste due to    |
|poor digestion. _It prevents disease by_ keeping the birds in condition |
|to resist the common ailments.                                          |
|                                                                        |
|~Has it been fully tested?~ Yes! In general use for nearly fifty years. |
|The _original_ poultry conditioner. Imitated, but unequalled.           |
|                                                                        |
|~Does it give general satisfaction?~ Positively! _Satisfaction          |
|guaranteed or money refunded._ Test it at our risk. Increased egg       |
|production will prove that "Pratts makes hens lay."                     |
|                                                                        |
|~How is it best used?~ Daily in small quantities. For adults,           |
|tablespoonful daily for 10 birds. Younger stock in proportion. Mix with |
|dry or moist mash.                                                      |
|                                                                        |
|~What does it cost?~ Nothing, because _it pays big profits_. About a    |
|cent a month per hen is the investment required.                        |
|                                                                        |
|~Where can I get it?~ From 60,000 Pratt dealers. There is one near you. |
|Direct from the Pratt Food Co., prepaid, if your dealer can't supply    |
|you.                                                                    |
|                                                                        |
|[Illustration: PRATTS EGG PRODUCER]                                     |
|[Illustration: PRATTS POULTRY REGULATOR]                                |
|                                                                        |
|          "~YOUR MONEY BACK IF YOU ARE NOT SATISFIED~"                  |
|                                                                        |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+



[Illustration: PRATTS PRACTICAL POINTERS]



     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Cincinnati, O.

     I have been using your poultry foods and remedies with the best of
     satisfaction and results for the last ten years.

     FRED O. FLAHERTY._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


[Illustration: SIMPLE A-SHAPED HOUSE]


From a quarter to a third of the front wall should be left open. Cover
the openings with one-inch mesh wire netting to keep the fowls in and
repel all enemies and food-seeking sparrows. Cloth-covered frames should
be provided to close these openings and keep out driving storms. The
cloth, should be open in texture, as coarse cotton or heavy cheese
cloth, not "boardy" and air-tight. Frames may be left loose to hook or
button on inside or outside, or hinged to the top of the openings and
swung up against the roof when not in use. In some cases, as in the
Tolman house, these openings are never closed, day or night, summer or
winter.

It is advisable to provide one or more glass windows in addition to the
openings referred to above in order to admit light when the
cloth-covered frames are closed. The windows may be placed in either the
front wall or the side walls. In the latter case the sun is admitted to
the building more hours each day, which is a big advantage during the
fall and winter months.

Poultry house floors may be of cement, boards or earth. Cement is best
for large, permanent structures. Board floors are excellent in houses of
any size and are almost a necessity in small ones which may be moved
frequently. Earth floors seem to be favored by the fowls, but if used
the earth should be filled in to bring the floor level several inches
above the surrounding ground. This to insure dryness.

The accompanying cuts show typical designs of satisfactory poultry
houses. When building, just bear the above principles in mind and the
results will be satisfactory.

The Tolman type is a strictly "fresh air" or "open front" house. For a
flock of thirty to forty birds this house should be ten feet wide,
sixteen feet front to back, seven feet to peak of roof, front wall four
feet and rear wall five feet high. The highest point of roof is five
feet from the rear wall.

The entire south side is a wire-covered opening, save for boards placed
as shown in the cut. A full-sized door is located in the east wall
opposite the window in the west side. Roosts are placed near the north
wall, level with or slightly above the front opening.

[Illustration: V-SHAPED FEED TROUGH]

[Illustration: NEST BOX]

[Illustration: DRY MASH HOPPER]

[Illustration: GRIT OR SHELL HOPPER]

[Illustration: WATER BUCKET]


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Port Dover, Canada.

     After a long experience I find Pratts Poultry Regulator to be
     absolutely the best tonic to keep a flock of poultry in condition.
     Just as soon as I find a pen is not doing well, I use the Regulator
     in their mash. Almost immediately I notice their appetites improve,
     their combs redden and they lay better. I have also made trial of
     your other remedies and I find them all absolutely reliable.

     JOHN S. MARTIN_
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


For a flock of one hundred or more birds the New Jersey Multiple Unit
Laying House is to be recommended. Each unit is twenty feet square,
accommodating a hundred fowls. Similar units may be added for each
hundred additional birds. The drawing on page 48 shows two units.

In this house the front studs are nine feet high, rear studs are four
and a half feet high.

Simple, inexpensive furnishings are best. The cuts show home-made
equipment which will meet all practical requirements.


~Getting the Eggs~

Early-hatched, well-matured pullets are the most dependable layers
during the fall and early winter months. Some few yearling hens may
continue to lay fairly well during their molting period, but, as a rule,
egg production drops with the feathers and does not begin until the new
coat of plumage is completed and the system readjusted. So yearlings,
taken as a whole, do little toward filling the egg-basket until January
or later.

Get the early-hatched pullets into winter quarters by late September or
early October before they begin to lay. But be sure the house is fully
prepared in advance. Clean house! Disinfect thoroughly with a strong
solution of Pratts Poultry Disinfectant. Kill every germ. Avoid possible
loss.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Cherokee, Iowa.

     I have used Pratts Poultry Regulator for the last twenty years and
     always had the best of results. It is a great egg producer and the
     best feed to keep little chicks strong and guard off that terrible
     disease, bowel complaint. In fact, I cannot do without it.

     GEO. WM. LYON._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


~Get Fall and Winter Eggs~

It is most desirable that the flock begin egg production before the
weather becomes severe. Get the laying habit established while the
season is favorable, and it is comparatively easy to maintain it. And,
as production will not commence until the layers are fully matured, the
pullets must be hatched early to give ample time for them to make the
needed growth.

As a rule, it takes about seven months to mature pullets of the general
purpose breeds and six months for the egg breeds. Therefore, March and
April chicks of the former, and April and May chicks of the latter, are
most valuable. This is a general rule. Some poultrymen are experts in
this matter of growing chicks and can bring them to laying maturity in
less time.

If disease appears take instant action to check it. Delay of a day or
two may permit an epidemic to get well started. In order to enable you
to give proper treatment without delay you may well keep a stock of
Pratts Poultry Remedies on hand.

[Illustration: APPLYING LICE POWDER]

Give every bird a thorough treatment for lice. Work Pratts Powdered Lice
Killer all through the plumage. This will fix the lice, but will not
kill the eggs. In anticipation of the latter hatching, rub Pratts Lice
Salve in the small feathers about the vent and beneath the wings. That
means death to the young lice as they appear, but to make sure, apply
the salve at intervals of a few weeks.

Don't overcrowd the house. Better have a hundred hens comfortable and
laying than double the number crowded and loafing.

Leave all ventilating openings wide open. Keep them open until winter
storms make more protection necessary. During the summer months the
pullets have had plenty of fresh air. To bring them into a warm, tightly
closed house is to invite general debility and an epidemic of colds,
catarrh, roup and other allied diseases. (Pratts Roup Remedy dissolved
in the drinking water every few days, especially during changes of
weather, will help to prevent such troubles.)

Keep the house clean. Remove the litter from the floor as soon as it
becomes damp or soiled and replace with new, fresh material. Clean the
droppings boards at frequent intervals. Wash with Pratts Poultry
Disinfectant or scald the food and water dishes. Disinfect the whole
house every few weeks, taking advantage of sunny weather so quick drying
will follow. Disease causes loss--disinfection prevents disease.
Therefore, DISINFECT whether you see need of it or not.


~Poultry Feeding~

The more food the birds eat beyond bodily requirements the greater the
amount of the salable products they create. Any hen that is a natural
layer will turn the surplus food into eggs. If she is naturally a meat
producer she will build flesh or take on fat. And the sooner the fat
producers are identified and removed from the laying flock, the better
for all concerned. Your birds will not "get too fat to lay"--they will
get fat if they don't lay. And _the big problem is to induce the layers
to eat as much food as they can digest_ in order that they may lay
heavily and steadily.

To overcome all possible danger of overfeeding, Pratts Poultry Regulator
should be regularly added to the mash. This natural tonic and
conditioner contains appetizers, to stimulate the desire for
food--digestives, to insure complete digestion and assimilation of the
food consumed--laxatives, to regulate the bowels--internal antiseptics,
to keep the entire digestive tract in a condition of perfect
health--worm destroyers, to expel irritating and dangerous intestinal
parasites.

Regularly used, Pratts Poultry Regulator insures freedom from the more
common poultry disorders, reduces feed bills by preventing feed waste
due to sluggish digestion, hastens growth, improves the egg-yield,
shortens the molt, makes the entire flock more efficient, swells the
profits.

Pratts Poultry Regulator should be added to the mash at the rate of one
and three-quarters pound to each hundred pounds of mash. Mix thoroughly
so each layer will get her share. The ideal poultry ration is a varied
one. It contains mineral matter, green food, animal food and grains. The
absence of any one of these groups of foodstuffs means a reduced egg
yield.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _I am both selling and feeding Pratts Poultry Regulator, and make a
     specialty of high-bred Buff Orpingtons. Twelve cockerels, worth
     from $20 to $75 each, were all placed in healthy condition by use
     of Pratts Poultry Regulator and their quarters disinfected with
     Pratts Disinfectant.

     W.H. TOPP, Westgate, Iowa._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


The staple grain feeds are corn, oats, wheat, barley and buckwheat. The
grain by-products, bran, middlings and gluten feed, to which may be
added corn meal, ground oats and ground barley.

Animal food of some kind is an essential to growth and egg-production.
Skim milk and butter milk, fish scrap made from oil-free fish, beef
scrap, fresh cut green bone and good grades of digester tankage are all
excellent. But use only feeds of this character which are of prime
quality. Oily fish, poor beef scrap and mouldy green bone will surely
cause trouble.

Fowls on range during the growing season will pick up all needed green
food. In the winter one may feed cabbages, mangel wurtzels, beets,
carrots, etc. Or, if fresh stuff is not available, heavy oats may be
sprouted and fed when the sprouts are two or three inches long. Dried
beet pulp, a dairy food made at beet sugar factories, is a convenient
green food. It must be well soaked before feeding.

One saves much time, and not infrequently some money, by buying
ready-mixed feeds, especially dry mash. In, making such purchases, be
guided by _quality_ rather than price. Adopt some brand made by a
reputable concern and give it a fair trial. But do not hesitate to
change if a better brand becomes available. Just try Pratts Milk Egg
Mash.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Kingston, R.I.

     I have used your Baby Chick Food with the best success and would
     gladly recommend it to anyone wanting such food. I do not only use
     it for baby chicks, but for those 5-7 weeks' of age.

     C.E. BRETT, Rhode Island State College Dept. of Poultry Service._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


~Feeding Dry Mash~

The most simple and generally satisfactory feeding method is the dry
mash system. Feed a certain amount of the scratch mixture--whole and
cracked grains--each day and permit the fowls to complete the daily
ration by eating dry mash--ground grains--at will. Keep mash before them
in open hoppers and let them help themselves.

The mash, because of its high protein content, is the real egg-maker.
And during recent years there has been a tendency toward restricting the
scratch feed and inducing the layers to eat more mash. Results seem to
indicate that this plan is best, increasing the yield and reducing feed
costs.

The laying ration now recommended by the New Jersey Agricultural
Experiment Station is simple and efficient. This ration is made as
follows:

    ~Dry Mash~            lbs.

  Wheat Bran              100
  Wheat Middlings         100
  Ground Oats (heavy)     100
  Corn Meal               100

  ~High-grade Fish Scrap or Meat~

  Scrap                   100


  ~Scratch Grain~         lbs.

  Cracked Corn            200
  Wheat                   100
  Oats (heavy)            100
  Barley                  100

The same institution has perfected the following feeding table showing
what amount of scratch feed should be given the layers daily each month
in the year. This is a most valuable guide, especially to the
inexperienced poultryman. When the birds are fed scratch grain, as
indicated, they will naturally eat enough mash from the open hoppers to
meet their requirements.

  ~Amount of Grain to Feed Layers Each Month in the Year~

  Months          Amount Per Day Per          Pounds For Each
                       100 Birds                  Feeding
                                          A.M.                P.M.
  November              12 lbs.           4 lbs.              8 lbs.
  December              12  "             4  "                8  "
  January               12  "             4  "                8  "
  February              12  "             4  "                8  "
  March                 12  "             4  "                8  "
  April                 12  "             4  "                8  "
  May                   10  "             4  "                6  "
  June                  10  "             4  "                6  "
  July                   8  "             3  "                5  "
  August                 6  "             2  "                4  "
  September              5  "             2  "                3  "
  October                5  "             2  "                3  "

Study this question of mash and grain consumption, for if your birds are
not getting enough protein mash, they cannot lay eggs in larger numbers.

       *       *       *       *       *


~Hatching the Chicks~

For layers or broilers, hatch chicks early. For late markets and home
use, you may bring off hatches at intervals throughout the entire
summer.

The incubator and brooder are big helps where many chicks are hatched.
Pratts Poultry Service Department will gladly advise you regarding makes
of such machines which are giving general satisfaction.

Just a word of caution. Operate incubators and brooders in accordance
with the directions furnished by the maker. Go slow in making changes.

Sitting hens are very satisfactory if properly handled. Use only quiet,
motherly sitters and place them where they will not be troubled by the
rest of the flock. Feed whole grain and a little green food and supply
plenty of water.

Dust the sitting hens occasionally with Pratts Powdered Lice Killer so
they won't hatch a brood of lice with the chicks. And paint the nest
boxes with Pratts Red Mite Special to keep the blood-thirsty mites away.


~Growing the Chicks~

Little chicks must be attended to no matter what else is done, because
lack of intelligent care in early life will be reflected in poor
performance when the chicks reach maturity. One can seldom, if ever,
offset the mistakes of brooding time by the best of attention later on.

Protect your chicks against the weather, against their various enemies,
against diseases, against lice and mites. Keep them comfortable and
happy. Start them right, keep them growing steadily until they attain
their full size.

Protection against unfavorable weather conditions--rain, cold winds,
blazing sun--is secured by providing well-built coops and natural or
artificial shade. Coops should be weather-proof, but well ventilated,
and so located that surface water from sudden showers cannot flood their
floors. They should also be sufficiently roomy to keep the flock happy
during long hours of confinement in periods of stormy weather.

Chick enemies include those that do their work in the coops, usually at
night, as rats, weasels and skunks, and those that prey upon the flock
when it is at liberty, as cats, dogs, crows and hawks.

Protection against the former is found in proper construction of the
coops, which should have tight floors and fine wire netting over
openings left open at night. A good dog will discourage these night
prowlers and steel traps placed at strategic points will often put a
quick end to their activities.

Protection against ordinary diseases lies in keeping the little birds
strong and vigorous through proper feeding, exercise, etc., and by close
attention to sanitation. Keep the quarters and food and water dishes
_clean_. Use Pratts Poultry Disinfectant at frequent intervals.

[Illustration: A-SHAPED COOP]

Aim to _prevent_ rather than _cure_ disease. Should there be any
evidence of bowel trouble, give Pratts White Diarrhoea Remedy in the
drinking water. Don't let the condition become chronic or general. In
"sour weather," when colds may be expected to appear, use Pratts Roup
Remedy in the drinking water.

Lice and mites work practically unseen, but they are the source of heavy
loss, both directly and indirectly. In extreme cases they actually kill
many chicks.


+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                  "~BABY FOOD FOR BABY CHICKS~"                        |
|                                                                       |
|~Pratts~ Buttermilk Baby Chick Food raises every good chick. It won't  |
|prevent losses from accidents, but it does prevent death from digestive|
|troubles and the more common chick disorders which are so often due to |
|improper feeding.                                                      |
|                                                                       |
|The original Baby Chick Food--PRATTS--contains all the food elements   |
|required to build muscle, bone and feather, to nourish the whole body, |
|to give that strong start in life which assures rapid growth, even     |
|development and profitable maturity.                                   |
|                                                                       |
|Feed the original Pratts for the first three weeks--the critical       |
|period--at least; it may profitably be used much longer. Refuse        |
|substitutes and imitations. These may be slightly less in _first cost_,|
|but in _results_, as measured by _number_ and _quality_ of chicks      |
|_reared_, Pratts Buttermilk Baby Chick Food is                         |
|                                                                       |
|                  ~The Cheapest Food on Earth~                         |
|                                                                       |
|            "~YOUR MONEY BACK IF YOU ARE NOT SATISFIED~"                 |
|                                                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+




[Illustration: PRATTS PRACTICAL POINTERS]



~POULTRY~


Early in life, when two to four days old, all chicks should be treated
with Pratts Head Lice Ointment. Rub a little of the mild preparation on
top of the head, under the throat and beneath the wings. At the same
time dust with Pratts Powdered Lice Killer. Treat the mother hens most
thoroughly, substituting Pratts Lice Salve for the ointment. When the
youngsters are ten days old, treat them again, this time using the
salve. And repeat the treatment at reasonably frequent intervals to
insure complete freedom from the trouble makers.

The deadly blood-sucking mites do not live on the bodies of the birds,
but make their homes in cracks and crevices of walls and floors of the
coops. Attack them there. Clean coops carefully, then spray or wash
walls and floors with Pratts Red Mite Special. Repeat as necessary. That
will fix 'em. But you had best do the work on a bright, sunny day when
the flock can be kept outside until the coop dries.


~Feeding the Chicks~

Do not feed chicks for forty-eight hours after hatching. In fact, you
may safely wait until they are seventy-two hours old before giving them
their first meal. Nature has provided for nourishment during this period
and it is best not to upset things.

If possible, start the youngsters off on their life's journey with a
drink of _sour milk_. Let them have sour milk to drink exclusively for
the first ten days at least, and give it to them all through life, if
this excellent food drink is available.

The principal feed for the first three weeks and profitably for a much
longer time should be Pratts Buttermilk Baby Chick Food, a real "baby
food for baby chicks," a mixture which is properly balanced in
composition and in the right mechanical condition to insure quick
digestion. As chicks eat so little during this period, as measured by
pounds, one is fully justified in paying a relatively high price per
pound for this special feed which will give them a strong, vigorous
start and put their digestive organs in proper condition to efficiently
use less expensive foods when food consumption becomes heavy.

The ideal baby chick food, Pratts, is made of a variety of foodstuffs so
blended as to supply, in proper proportion, the nutrients required to
build flesh, bone and feather. It is ground exceedingly fine so it may
be consumed freely and yet not tax the digestive organs. Obviously such
a feed cannot satisfactorily be prepared at home, which explains the
rapidly growing demand which has arisen for Pratts Buttermilk Baby Chick
Food during recent years.

For the first day or two, feed Pratts Buttermilk Baby Chick Food
exclusively at intervals of two to three hours. At first, spread it upon
a shingle or piece of board. Later place it in little troughs or shallow
dishes. Let the chicks eat a reasonable amount, what they will take in
twenty to thirty minutes, then remove it. Supply a bit of fine, bright
grit during this time.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Rohrerstown, Pa.

     I have used the Baby Chick Food this season and have had excellent
     results. I find it to meet all requirements. It makes rapid growth
     and at the same time maintains vigor.

     L.B. SPRECHER, Director, Penna. State Poultry Association._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


The second or third day after feeding has begun, cut out a meal or two
of the baby chick food and instead sprinkle a little regulation chick
feed (scratch feed) in the litter. There are many good brands of such
feed on the market. If preferred, one may be made as follows:

  ~Scratch Feed for Chicks~

  Cracked Wheat        15 lbs.
  Fine Cracked Corn    15 lbs.
  Pinhead Oats         10 lbs.
  Broken Rice           3 lbs.
  Charcoal              2 lbs.

At the beginning of the second week the scratch feed may be given three
times daily, just the quantity they will clean up and hunt for more, and
the baby chick food left in open hoppers or dishes to which the chicks
may run at will. By this time, too, grit may safely be left in open
hoppers before the flock. And if milk is not given freely it is well to
supply some additional animal food each day. Fine fish scrap or beef
scrap--always of high quality--may be fed sparingly in troughs or on
pieces of board. Do not feed too much of this material. If bowel trouble
develops, reduce the quantity of animal food. The amount given may be
increased progressively as the youngsters gain in size.

While Pratts Baby Chick Food need not be fed longer than the first three
weeks, it is good practice to continue its use for two to three weeks
longer. But at any time after the critical twenty-one day period one may
safely begin to substitute a somewhat coarser and heavier developing or
growing mash for the baby chick food. We advise the use of Pratts
Buttermilk Growing Mash. Here is a good home-made mixture:

  ~Growing or Developing Mash~

  Cornmeal                      10 lbs.
  Wheat Bran                    20 lbs.
  Feeding Flour                 10 lbs.
  Fine Ground Oats, Sifted      10 lbs.
  Fine Fish or Beef Scrap       10 lbs.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _"The regular use of Pratts Poultry Regulator in the ration for
     growing chicks prevents deaths from common disease, increases the
     appetite and hastens growth. This means less loss, earlier laying
     or market maturity, bigger profits.

     P.G. PLATT, Sec. Delaware Co. Poultry Assn., Wallingford, Pa._"
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


At six to eight weeks of age, or as soon as the youngsters can
comfortably eat coarser grains, the fine scratch feed may be replaced by
a coarser mixture. Equal parts, by weight, of cracked corn and wheat,
form the basis of this, with barley, heavy oats, kafir corn and
buckwheat added for variety if available at reasonable prices. When the
flock is weaned and well feathered, the regular laying mash may be
substituted for the growing mash, though the latter may well be
continued for a much longer period.

Above all things, see to it that nothing but feed of superior quality is
supplied. Moldy, chaffy, grains and weed seeds may be _cheaper to buy_
than sweet, sound materials, but the latter are _cheaper to feed_.

Begin giving green food when the chicks are three or four days old,
cutting it up finely so they can eat it. And continue to feed greens
liberally at all times. It's good for the health and cuts feed bills,
too.


~Care of the Growing Chicks~

As the chicks grow, provide larger quarters if the original coops are at
all crowded. And teach the youngsters to roost early, especially where
brooders are used, so they will not "pile up" in corners when the heat
is removed. When the brood is five to six weeks of age place low roosts,
lath tacked on six to eight-inch boards, in the coops. The sturdier
individuals will soon learn to use them and educate the rest of the
flock.

Pay special attention to the water supply. Have clean water available
at all times. And do not leave the water dishes in the sun, which will
quickly make the water so warm that it is unfit to drink.

Give the growing pullets as much space, indoors and out, as you possibly
can. Feed them liberally. Keep them clean and comfortable. In every way
help them gain the health, strength and vigor which they must have in
order to do full duty in the laying and breeding pens.

Finally, cull your flock without mercy, beginning at hatching time and
continuing to the end. If any baby chicks are crippled or weak, dispose
of them at once. As the flock grows, mark--by toe punching or
otherwise--all individuals which show evidence of being lacking in
vigor, which are stunted or do not make rapid growth, which fail to
feather properly, which are ever noticeably sick. Then rush them to
market as soon as they reach the proper weight. Thus you will save for
your own use only those which are physically right, which have the
health and stamina that will enable them to stand up under the strain of
continuous egg-production. And such a flock, after it has undergone the
further culling of a year in the laying pen, will give you breeding
birds capable of producing worthwhile chicks.


~Poultry Diseases~

Prevention of disease is most essential. And the first step consists of
carefully selecting the birds which will he given a place in the flock,
retaining only those which are healthy and vigorous, and rejecting the
weaklings and physically unfit. The next step is to keep the birds in a
high state of vitality through proper management and keep contagious and
infectious diseases away by adopting the necessary sanitary measures.

Fresh air, wholesome food and clean water are essential. Equally
necessary is the use of Pratts Poultry Regulator, which keeps the birds
in perfect condition internally and so prevents such self-developed
disorders as indigestion, constipation, and the like.

Most of the serious diseases which take heavy toll of carelessly managed
flocks are due to germs of various kinds. These may be introduced in
many different ways, and when present in the flock they multiply and
spread with great rapidity. Cleanliness and sanitation will largely
overcome them, and as each fowl is worth so much money under present
conditions, it is really economical to prevent loss even at the expense
of some time and of germ-killing preparations.

Pratts Poultry Disinfectant costs but a trifle. A gallon, diluted with
water, makes fifty gallons of a powerful disinfectant, one that is
highly efficient, but both safe and pleasant to use. Spray the house and
furnishings and wash feed and water containers at frequent intervals
with this economical germ-killer. Results will surely be seen in
healthier, more productive birds, less trouble and less loss from
disease.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Staunton, Va.

     I would not have tried to raise expensive poultry without Pratts
     products in my house. While I was a boy at home we always had a
     supply of Pratts on hand.

     I find that my success is due to the use of the Pratts products
     kept constantly on the shelf.

     H.L. CAMPBELL._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


In this condensed book we can discuss only the more general disorders.
The subject is covered thoroughly in Chapter IX, The Poultryman's
Complete Handbook, including directions for equipping a hospital,
administering medicine, symptom and treatment chart, diagrams of the
fowl's digestive system and skeleton, control of poultry vices, etc.
Send a dime, in silver or stamps, for a copy, to Pratt Food Co.,
Philadelphia.

If necessary, do not hesitate to consult the poultry experts connected
with Pratts Poultry Service Dept. They will give you personal help
without charge. In writing, give all symptoms and necessary facts.
Address such letters to our Philadelphia office.

It is important that diseases of all kinds be recognized as early as
possible, and equally so that immediate treatment be given.

Watch your birds! If any show signs of being out of condition, examine
them carefully to determine the trouble. Then give them the care which
is demanded in each case. Quick treatment will often effect a speedy
cure of a valuable bird that might be lost if the disease became firmly
established.

Pratts Poultry Remedies include dependable preparations for most common
poultry diseases. They are guaranteed to give satisfaction and are
inexpensive. Keep a supply on hand. Use promptly as occasion demands.
The saving of a single good laying or breeding fowl by instant treatment
will more than pay the cost of a well-stocked poultry medicine shelf.


~POULTRY LICE AND MITES~

~Body Lice~--There are many different kinds of these parasites and all
are serious trouble makers. They cause endless annoyance, check growth
and egg production. Lice-free fowls are healthier and more comfortable,
therefore more productive and profitable.


+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                  ~GUARANTEED POULTRY REMEDIES~                         |
|                                                                        |
|~Pratts~ line of Guaranteed Poultry Remedies is the result of fifty     |
|years of experience. Each preparation is positively the best of its     |
|kind. Keep a supply on hand for instant use.                            |
|                                                                        |
|~PRATTS ROUP REMEDY (Tablets or Powder)~                                |
|                                                                        |
|A sure preventive and cure for roup, colds, canker, catarrh and similar |
|diseases.                                                               |
|                                                                        |
|~PRATTS GAPE REMEDY~                                                    |
|                                                                        |
|Guaranteed to bring prompt relief. Use as a preventive the first four   |
|weeks and your chicks will not be troubled with gape-worms.             |
|                                                                        |
|~PRATTS SORE-HEAD CHICKEN-POX REMEDY~                                   |
|                                                                        |
|A guaranteed cure for this highly contagious disease. Don't risk having |
|your entire flock ruined. Keep it on hand for quick use when the ailment|
|is first noticed.                                                       |
|                                                                        |
|~PRATTS BRONCHITIS REMEDY~                                              |
|                                                                        |
|A quick and effective remedy. Fully guaranteed for a disease that is    |
|generally fatal unless promptly checked.                                |
|                                                                        |
|~PRATTS WHITE DIARRHOEA REMEDY~                                         |
|                                                                        |
|Will save the chicks and cure completely when used promptly. Valuable in|
|preventing the heavy chick losses usually experienced.                  |
|                                                                        |
|~PRATTS CHOLERA REMEDY~                                                 |
|                                                                        |
|A sure remedy for cholera, indigestion, sour crop, dysentery, and bowel |
|trouble. Guaranteed to satisfy or money refunded.                       |
|                                                                        |
|~PRATTS SCALY LEG REMEDY~                                               |
|                                                                        |
|This disease impairs the vitality of the birds and ruins their          |
|appearance. Pratts remedy will keep the legs clean and healthy.         |
|                                                                        |
|~PRATTS CONDITION TABLETS~                                              |
|                                                                        |
|An effective remedy for "run-down" birds. Keeps show birds in condition |
|and prevents colds, roup and liver trouble.                             |
|                                                                        |
|             "~YOUR MONEY BACK IF YOU ARE NOT SATISFIED~"                 |
|                                                                        |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+

_Treatment_--If all poultrymen would use Pratts Powdered Lice Killer on
their poultry, lice would be unknown. It is different and better than
many like preparations, being stronger, non-poisonous, has great
disinfecting qualities, and positively kills all kinds of chicken lice.
If you want to make money from your poultry you can't afford to be
without it. Pratts Poultry Disinfectant, or the more powerful Pratts Red
Mite Special, should also be used in the poultry houses. Lice seek
crevices, cracks, openings, etc., that can only be reached by the
liquid. This should be sprayed or sprinkled on perches, nest boxes, drop
boards, floors and inside walls of all poultry houses. It not only kills
lice, but has great disinfecting value. Do not accept a substitute.

Pratts Lice Salve is a sure-fire lice killer in another form. Apply to
the feathers beneath the wings and around the vent and quick results
will be noticed. A single application will be effective for a
considerable time.

~Head Lice~--The big grey lice commonly found on heads of little chicks,
causing great mortality.

_Treatment_--Keep on hand all the time a box of Pratts Head Lice
Ointment, and use it on your little chicks, and save their lives. Two or
three days before the brood should hatch, sprinkle the sitting hen
thoroughly with Pratts Powdered Lice Killer.

~Poultry Mites (Red Mites)~--These tiny parasites are poultry killers.
They do not live on the bodies of the birds, but in cracks and crevices
of the building, coming out for their food. They suck the blood from the
fowls, weakening and often killing them.

_Treatment_--Look around roosts and in cracks in warm weather and you
are apt to see hundreds of mites. Every week spray perches, dropping
boards, sides of houses, and roof near perches with Pratts Red Mite
Special; powder birds with Pratts Powdered Lice Killer, and also add
this to the dust bath.

~Depluming Mites~--Parasites that attack the roots or base of feathers
which break off leaving bare spots. Will quickly spread through an
entire flock. Usually found in spring and summer.

_Treatment_--Separate all affected birds from the rest of flock. Rub
Pratts Head Lice Ointment on and around the bare spots every few days,
until the mites have all been destroyed. Spray houses, roofs, runs,
etc., with Pratts Poultry Disinfectant. Persistent treatment is
necessary to get rid of these pests.


~THE MORE COMMON POULTRY DISEASES~

~Symptoms and Treatment~

~Apoplexy~--_Cause:_ Fowls too fat, general poor condition. _Symptoms:_
Paralysis, sudden death. Birds frequently found dead under roosts.
_Treatment:_ Affected birds will not usually respond to treatment.
Flocks should be treated to prevent further loss. Reduce the amount of
feed, give less corn, supply Pratts Poultry Regulator to improve general
condition.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Reading, Pa.

     Have been using your poultry remedies for many years. Have used
     your Baby Chick Food and had wonderful results. I think it is
     great. I also use your Disinfectant, Lice Powder and Roup Remedy.

     WM. FAUST_
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


~Aspergilosis~--_Cause:_ Growth of mould in air passages. _Symptoms:_
Rapid breathing, rattling in throat, loss of weight, dragging wings,
weakness, exhaustion. In chicks, sleepiness, diarrhoea, yellowish growth
on lungs. _Treatment:_ Avoid mouldy grain and litter to keep flock free
from infection. Disinfect with Pratts Poultry Disinfectant. Put flock in
condition with Pratts Poultry Regulator.

~Bacillary White Diarrhoea~--_Cause:_ Bacteria. The disease may be
inherited from hens having infected ovaries, or pass from chick to
chick. _Symptoms:_ Chicks have diarrhoea, usually white or creamy.
Sleepy, chilly, thin, rough plumage, drooping wings. Heaviest mortality
under three weeks of age. _Treatment:_ Badly infected chicks should be
killed. Prevent epidemics by disinfecting everything with Pratts Poultry
Disinfectant. Give Pratts White Diarrhoea Remedy in drinking water. Give
chicks strong start by feeding Pratts Baby Chick Food.

~Bronchitis~--_Cause:_ Development of common cold, breathing in dust.
_Symptoms:_ Cough, rapid breathing, whistling, rattling and bubbling in
throat. _Treatment:_ Keep patient dry, give laxative, treat with Pratts
Bronchitis Remedy.

~Canker~--_Cause:_ Development of pus germs following injury or
digestive troubles. _Symptoms:_ Cheesy growths in mouth and throat.
_Treatment:_ Scrape off canker and swab with full strength Pratts
Poultry Disinfectant. Improve general condition with Pratts Poultry
Regulator.


     -----------------------------------------------------------------
     _Summerville, S.C.

     I have used Pratts White Diarrhoea Remedy, and I wish to say that I
     have had some chicks that started with the white diarrhoea and I
     have given them the tablets in their drinking water, and have not
     had any trouble since. They are growing fine.

     R.C. FOSTER._
     -----------------------------------------------------------------


~Catarrh~--_Cause:_ Draughts, dampness, exposure. _Symptoms:_ Thin
discharge from eyes and nostrils, sneezing, difficult breathing,
dullness. _Treatment:_ Pratts Condition Tablets to quickly tone up the
system and Pratts Roup Remedy to overcome the disease.

~Chicken Pox or Sore Head~--_Cause:_ Bacteria. _Symptoms:_ Eruption on
unfeathered areas of head. At first small and gray in color, increasing
until head is covered with scabs. Eyes frequently closed. _Treatment:_
Disinfect most thoroughly with Pratts Poultry Disinfectant. Treat with
Pratts Sore Head (Chicken Pox) Remedy.

~Cholera~--_Cause:_ Bacteria. _Symptoms:_ Weakness, thirst, head drawn
down, drooping wings, intense thirst, frequently full crops, yellow or
green diarrhoea. _Treatment:_ Give Pratts Chicken Cholera Remedy to
whole flock as remedy and preventive. Improve general health with Pratts
Poultry Regulator. Disinfect most carefully and frequently. Burn all
dead birds and everything taken from poultry house. A most difficult
disease to control if it gets established.

~Gapes~--_Cause:_ Small Y-shaped worm, about one-half inch long. May be
either pale or red in color. Attaches itself to interior walls of
windpipe, weakening the chick by sucking the blood, and also causing
strangulation. This apparently double-headed worm is really two worms,
one of each sex, joined together. _Symptoms:_ Usually afflicts young
chicks. Frequent gasping; gaping; coughing; discharge of mucus and worms
from throat. _Treatment:_ Use Pratts Gape Remedy. Disinfect floors of
coops and runs with Pratts Disinfectant. Move to new ground and keep
chicks off wet grass.

~Intestinal Parasites (Worms)~--_Symptoms:_ Dullness, poor condition.
Worms found in droppings. _Treatment:_ Fowls regularly receiving Pratts
Poultry Regulator are almost invariably free from this trouble. See
details of individual treatment in The Poultryman's Complete Handbook.

~Leg Weakness (Chicks)~--_Cause:_ Feed lacking in bone and animal
matter; close confinement; lack of exercise; over-heating in brooders.
_Symptoms:_ Chicks walk in a wobbly, weak-kneed fashion, often resting
or hobbling along on the joints. _Treatment:_ Feed young chicks on
Pratts Baby Chick Food. Give fair amount of beef or fish scrap and bone
meal. Afford opportunity for exercise, especially on the ground. Avoid
bottom heat in brooders. Feed liberally on green food. Add small
quantity Pratts Poultry Regulator to the ration.

~Liver Disease~--_Cause:_ Improper food, as overfeeding of corn or
animal food, lack of exercise, general inactivity of intestinal tract.
_Symptoms:_ No prominent ones. If flock is not doing well and birds are
lazy and sluggish, kill one or more and examine the livers. If found
diseased, treat the flock. _Treatment:_ Use Pratts Poultry Regulator to
improve general condition. Feed plenty of green food. Disinfect the
buildings, and admit a big volume of fresh air. Induce the birds to
exercise.

~Rheumatism~--_Cause:_ Exposure to dampness, and cold. _Symptoms:_
Swelling of joints, stiffness, lameness. _Treatment:_ Make house dry and
sunny. Use Pratts Poultry Regulator to improve general condition. Rub
affected parts with Pratts Liniment. (This fine liniment should be in
every household. It has a hundred uses.)

~Roup~--_Symptoms:_ Bad-smelling discharge from the nostrils; sticky
discharge from the eyes; feathers under wings and on back smeared and
sticky, where bird has wiped its head; sometimes coughing and sneezing;
eyes stuck shut; eyes closed and swollen out; mouth forced open by
cheesy growth; patches of canker in mouth and throat. _Treatment:_ The
disease is very contagious. Remove all birds showing symptoms. Clean up
and disinfect the quarters, using Pratts Disinfectant liberally. Give
sick and well birds Pratts Roup Remedy. Give the healthy flock Pratts
Poultry Regulator. Treat the sick with Pratts Condition Tablets in
addition to the Roup remedy. Burn all dead birds and all material
removed from the hospital.

~Scaly Leg~--_Cause:_ A tiny mite which burrows under the scales and
into the tissues of the leg. _Symptoms:_ Scaly, rough, crusty appearance
of feet and shanks. _Treatment:_ Apply Pratts Scaly Leg Ointment.

~Tuberculosis~--_Cause:_ A minute germ. _Symptoms:_ Steady loss in
weight; paleness of comb, wattles and face; general weakness; lameness,
ruffling of feathers; frequently diarrhoea. Eye bright; ravenous
appetite. _Treatment:_ The disease is contagious and will spread through
the flock unless proper precautions are taken. Remove affected birds.
Disinfect the poultry plant and surroundings with Pratts Disinfectant.
Kill birds in advanced stages. Give the whole flock a nourishing ration,
and include Pratts Poultry Regulator. Use lime freely. If disease
continues to spread, dispose of entire flock, disinfect with greatest
care, start anew with healthy stock.


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     _Pleasant Valley, N.Y.

     I gave Pratts Roup Remedy a careful test on a flock of 50 growing
     white Wyandotte chicks in October which were infected with bad
     colds, and after treating one week with your roup remedy nearly
     every one was well.

     EDGAR BRIGGS_
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    Pratts PRACTICAL POINTERS on the care of LIVESTOCK and POULTRY

     GET YOUR PRATTS FROM LAING BROS. WINNIPEG MAN. FLOUR & FEED.