The Project Gutenberg eBook of A Book of Fruits and Flowers This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. Title: A Book of Fruits and Flowers Author: Anonymous Release date: August 23, 2004 [eBook #13265] Most recently updated: December 18, 2020 Language: English Credits: Produced by David Starner, Martin Radford and PG Distributed Proofreaders *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A BOOK OF FRUITS AND FLOWERS *** Produced by David Starner, Martin Radford and PG Distributed Proofreaders A BOOK OF Fruits & Flowers. SHEWING The Nature and Use of them, either for Meat or Medicine. AS ALSO: To Preserve, Conserve, Candy, and in Wedges, or Dry them. To make Powders, Civet bagges, all sorts of Sugar-works, turn'd works in Sugar, Hollow, or Frutages; and to Pickell them. _And for Meat._ To make Pyes, Biscat, Maid Dishes, Marchpanes, Leeches, and Snow, Craknels, Caudels, Cakes, Broths, Fritter-stuffe, Puddings, Tarts, Syrupes, and Sallets. _For Medicines._ To make all sorts of Poultisses, and Serecloaths for any member swell'd or inflamed, Ointments, Waters for all Wounds, and Cancers, Salves for Aches, to take the Ague out of any place Burning or Scalding; For the stopping of suddain Bleeding, curing the Piles, Ulcers, Ruptures, Coughs, Consumptions, and killing of Warts, to dissolve the Stone, killing the Ring-worme, Emroids, and Dropsie, Paine in the Ears and Teeth, Deafnesse. _Contra vim mortis, non est Medicamen in hortis._ _LONDON_: Printed by _M.S._ for _Tho: Fenner_ at the South entrance of the _Royall Exchange_, London, 1653. * * * * * Of Lemmons. [Illustration: Lemmon.] _A Lemmon Sallet._ Take Lemmons, rub them upon a Grate, to make their rinds smooth, cut them in halves, take out the meat of them, and boyle them in faire water a good while, changing the water once or twice in the boyling, to take away the bitternesse of them, when they are tender take them out and scrape away all the meat (if any be left) very cleane, then cut them as thin as you can (to make them hold) in a long string, or in reasonable short pieces, and lay them in your glasse, and boyling some of the best _White_-wine vineger with shugar, to a reasonable thin Syrupe, powre it upon them into your glasse, and keep them for your use. _To Preserve Oranges or Lemmons_. Take your _Oranges_ or _Lemmons_, lay them in water three dayes, and three nights, to take away their bitternesse, then boyle them in faire water till they be tender, make as much Syrupe for them as will make them swim about the pan, let them not boyle too long therein, for it will make the skins tough; then let them lie all night in the Syrupe, to make them take the Syrupe in the morning, boyle the Syrupe to his thicknesse, and put them in gally pots or glasses, to keep all the yeare, and this is the best way to Preserve _Orenges, Lemmons_, or _Citrons_. _To make Past of Lemmons_. Take halfe a dozen of thick-rined _Lemmons_, cut them through the middest, and boyle them tender in faire water, then stamp them in a Morter, strayne the juyce or pulp from them, and dry it, and put two pound of _Shugar_ to it, then make it into what fashion you will, on a sheet of white paper, dry it in an Oven, and turne it often for two dayes and two nights, for in that time it will be dry enough; box it thus up, and it will endure all the Yeare. _Sweet Bagges to lay amongst Linnen_. Take _Orris, Cypris, Calamus, Fusis_, all of them grosse beaten, and _Gallingall_ roots, of each a handfull, and as much of the small tops of _Lavender_, dryed, and put them into baggs to lay among your cloaths. You may put in a handfull or two of _Damask Rose_ leaves dryed, which will somewhat better the sent. Medicines made of Lemmons. _To take away the Spots, or red Pimpels of the face_. Take halfe a pint of raine water, and halfe a pint of good _Verjuice_, seeth it till it be halfe consumed, then whilst it boils fill it up againe with juyce of _Lemmon_, and so let it seeth a pretty while; then take it from the fire, and when it is cold put to it the whites of four new laid Eggs, well beaten, and with this water annoynt the place often. _A very good Medicine for the Stone_. Make a Posset of a quart of _Rhenish_ wine, a pint of _Ale_ and a pint of _Milke_, then take away the curd, and put into the drink, two handfulls of Sorrell, one handfull of _Burnet_, and halfe a handfull of _Balm_, boyle them together a good while, but not too long, least the drink be too unpleasant, then take of the drink a quarter of a pint, or rather halfe a pint, at once, at morning, and to bed-ward, putting therein first two or three spoonfulls of juice of _Lemmons_, this is an excellent Medicine for the _Stone in the Kidneyes_, to dissolve and bring it away. It is very good in these Diseases of the _Stone_, to use _Burnet_ often in your drink at Meales, and often to steep it in over night, and in the morning put in three or foure spoonfulls of juice of _Lemmons_, and to drink thereof a good draught every morning a week together, about the full of the Moone, three dayes before, and three dayes after. _To roste a Shoulder of Mutton with Lemmons_. Take a Shoulder of _Mutton_ halfe rosted, cut off most of the meat thereof, in thin slices, into a faire dish with the gravy thereof, put thereto about the quantity of a pint of clarret wine, with a spoonfull or two at most of the best wine _Vineger_, season it with _Nutmeggs_, and a little _Ginger_, then pare off the rines of one or two good _Lemmons_, and slice them thin into the _Mutton_, when it is almost well stewed between two dishes, and so let them stew together two or three warmes, when they are enough, put them in a clean dish, and take the shoulder blade being well broyled on a grid-iron, and lay it upon your meat, garnishing your dishes with some slices and rinds of the _Lemmons_, and so serve it. _To Boyle A Capon with Oranges and Lemmons_. Take _Orenges_ and _Lemmons_ peeled, and cut them the long way, and if you can keep your cloves whole, and put them into your best Broth of _Mutton_ or _Capon_, with _Prunes_ or _Currants_ three or four dayes, and when they have been well sodden, cut whole _Pepper_, great _Mase_, a great peice of _Suggar_, some _Rose_-water, and either _White_ wine, or _Clarret_ wine, and let all these seeth together a while, and serve it upon Sopps with your _Capon_. _A Lemmond Sallet_. Cut out slices of the peele of the Lemmons, long wayes, a quarter of an inch one piece from another, and then slice the _Lemmons_ very thin, and lay them in a dish crosse, and the peeles about the _Lemmons_, and scrape a good deal of _Suggar_ upon them, and so serve them. * * * * * _Of Quinces_. _The best way to Preserve Quinces._ First pare and coare the _Quinces_, and boyle them in faire water till they be very tender, not covering them, then taking them out of the water, take to every pound of them, two pound of _Sugar_, and half a pint of water, boyle it to a Syrupe, scumming it well, then put in some of the Jelly that is washed from the _Quince_ kernels, and after that, making it boyle a little, put in your _Quinces_, boyle them very fast, keeping the holes upward as neer as you can, for fear of breaking, and when they are so tender that you may thrust a rush through them, take them off, and put them up in your glasses, having first saved some Syrupe till it be cold to fill up your glasses. _A speciall Remembrance in doing them_. When you Preserve _Quinces_, or make _Marmalade_, take the Kernels out of the raw _Quinces_, and wash off the Jelly that groweth about them, in faire water, then straine the water and Jelly from the kernels, through some fine Cobweb laune, and put the same into the _Marmalade_, or preserved _Quinces_, when they are well scum'd, but put not so much into your _Quinces_, as into the _Marmalade_, for it will Jelly the Syrupe too much; put six or seven spoonfulls of Syrupe into the Jelly. Before you put it into the _Marmalade_, you must boyle your _Quinces_ more for _Marmalade_, then to preserve your _Quinces_, and least of them when you make your clear Cakes. When you would preserve your _Quinces_ white, you must not cover them in the boyling, and you must put halfe as much _Sugar_ more for the white, as for the other. When you would have them red, you must cover them in the boyling. [Illustration: Quince] _To Pickle Quinces._ Boyle your _Quinces_ that you intend to keep, whole and unpared, in faire water, till they be soft, but not too violently for feare you break them, when they are soft take them out, and boyle some _Quinces_ pared, quarter'd, and coar'd, and the parings of the _Quinces_ with them in the same liquor, to make it strong, and when they have boyled a good time, enough to make the liquor of sufficient strength, take out the quartered _Quinces_ and parings, and put the liquor into a pot big enough to receive all the _Quinces_, both whole and quartered, and put them into it, when the liquor is thorow cold, and so keep them for your use close covered. _To make Quince Cakes_. Prepare your _Quinces_, and take the just weight of them in _Sugar_, beaten finely, and searcing halfe of it, then of the rest make a Syrupe, using the ordinary proportion of a pint of water to a pound of _Sugar_, let your _Quinces_ be well beaten, and when the Syrupe is cand height, put in your _Quince_, and boyle it to a past, keeping it with continuall stirring, then work it up with the beaten _Sugar_ which you reserved, and these Cakes will tast well of the _Quinces_. _To make Printed Quidony of Quinces_. Take two pound of _Quinces_, paired, coared, and cut in small pieces, and put them into a faire posnet, with a quart of faire water, and when they are boyled tender, put into them one pound of _Sugar_ clarified, with halfe a pint of faire water, let them boyle till all the fruit fall to the bottom of the posnet, then let the liquid substance run through a faire linnen cloath into a clean bason, then put it into a posnet, and let it boyle till it come to a jelly, then Print it in your Moulds, and turne it into your boxes. You shall know when it is ready to Print, by rouling it on the back of a Spoone. * * * * * _Of Roses_. _To make sweet Bagges to lay Linnen in_. Take _Damask Rose_ budds, pluck them, and dry the leaves in the shadow, the tops of _Lavender_ flowers, sweet _Margerom_, and _Basill_, of each a handfull, all dryed and mingled with the _Rose_ leaves, take also of _Benjamin, Storax, Gallingall_ roots, and _Ireos_ or _Orris_ roots, twice as much of the Orris as of any of the other, beaten in fine powder: a peece of cotten wool wetted in _Rose_-water, and put to it a good quantity of _Musk_ and _Ambergreece_ made into powder, and sprinkle them with some _Civet_ dissolved in _Rose_-water, lay the Cotten in double paper, and dry it over a chaffin dish of coales: Lastly, take halfe a handfull of _Cloves_, and as much _Cinamon_ bruised, not small beaten, mixe all these together, and put them up in your Bagge. _A very good Poultis for any Member swell'd and inflamed, and not broken, to take away the paine_. Take three pints of new milk, of stale Manchet crums two handfulls, or so much as shall make the milk somewhat thick, and thereto put two handfulls of dryed red _Rose_ leaves, and three ounces of Oyle of _Roses_, boyle all these together to the thicknesse of a Poultisse, then let it stand and coole, and while it cooleth rake a spoonfull of Oyle of _Roses_, and with a warm hand rub the place grieved, till the Oyle be dryed in, and then lay the Poultisse as warm as you may endure it, to the part inflamed; doe this morning and evening for three or four dayes, as you shall see cause. _To make a sweet Cake, and with it a very sweet water._ Take _Damask Rose_ leaves, _Bay_ leaves, _Lavinder_ tops, sweet _Marjerome_ tops, _Ireos_ powder, _Damask_ powder, and a little _Musk_ first dissolved in sweet water, put the _Rose_ leaves and hearbs into a Bason, and sprinkle a quarter of a pint of _Rose_-water among them, and stirring them all together, cover the Bason close with a dish, and let them stand so covered, all night, in the morning Distill them, so shall you have at once an excellent sweet water, and a very fine sweet Cake to lay among your finest linnen. _Oyle of Roses._ Take Sallet Oyle and put it into an earthen pot, then take _Rose_ leaves, clip off all the white, and bruise them a little, and put them into the Oyle, and then stop the top close with past, and set it into a boyling pot of water, and let it boyle one hour, then let it stand al one night upon hot embers, the next day take the Oyle, and straine it from the _Rose_ leaves, into a glasse, and put therein some fresh _Rose_ leaves, clipt as before, stop it, and set it in the Sun every day for a fortnight or three weeks. _Syrupe of Roses._ Take _Damask Roses_, clip off the white of them, and take six ounces of them to every pint of faire water, first well boyled and scummed, let them stand so as abovesaid, twelve hours, as you doe in the Syrupe of _Violets_, wringing out the _Roses_ and putting in new eight times, then wringing out the last put in onely the juice of four ounces of _Roses_, so make it up as before, if you will put in _Rubarb_, take to every two drams, slice it, string it on a thred, hang it within the pot after the first shifting, and let it infuse within your _Roses_: Some use to boyle the _Rubarb_ in the Syrupe, but it is dangerous, the Syrupe purgeth _Choller_ and _Melancholly_. _A Conserve of Roses._ Take red _Rose_ buds, clip of all the white, bruised, and withered from them, then weigh them out, and taking to every pound of _Roses_ three pound of _Sugar_, stamp the _Roses_ by themselves very small putting a little juice of _Lemmons_ or _Rose_ water to them as they wax dry, when you see the _Roses_ small enough, put the _Sugar_ to them, and beat them together till they be well mingled, then put it up in Gally pots or glasses; in like manner are the Conserverves of Flowers, of _Violets, Cowslips, Marigolds, Sage_, and _Sea boise_ made. _To Preserve Roses or any other Flowers._ Take one pound of _Roses_, three pound of _Sugar_, one pint of _Rose_ water, or more, make your Syrupe first, and let it stand till it be cold, then take your _Rose_ leaves, having first clipt off all the white, put them into the cold Syrupe, then cover them, and set them on a soft fire, that they may but simper for two or three hours, then while they are hot put them into pots or glasses for your use. _How to Preserve Barbaries._ First take the fairest _Barbaries_, and of them the greatest bunches you can get, and with a needle take out the stones on the one side of them, then weigh out to every halfe pound of them one pound of _Sugar_, put them into a Preserving pan, strow the _Sugar_ on them, and let them boyle a quarter of an hour softly, then taking out the _Barbaries_ let the Syrupe boyle a quarter of an hour more, then put in the _Barbaries_ againe, and let them boyle a pretty while with the Syrupe, then take them from the Syrupe, and let them both stand till they be cold, and so put them up. _To keep Barbaries to garnish your Meat._ Take the worst of them, and boyle them in faire water, and straine the liquor from them, and while the liquor is hot put it into your _Barbaries_, being clean picked, and stop them up, and if they mould much, wash them throughly in the liquor, then boyle the liquor againe, and strayne it, and let it coole, then put it to your _Barbaries_ againe. [Illustration: A Rose] _Conserve of Barbaries._ Take your _Barbaries_, pick them clean in faire branches, and wash them clean, and dry them on a cloath, then take some other _Barbaries_, and boyle them in _Clarret_ wine till they be very soft, then straine them, and rub them so well through the strainer, that you may know the substance of them, and boyle up this matter thus strained out, till it be very sweet, and somwhat thick, then setting it by till it be cold, and then put in your branches of _Barbaries_ into gally pots, or glasses, and fill it up with the cold Syrupe, and so shall you have both Syrupe, and also _Barbaries_, to use at your pleasure. * * * * * _Of Almonds._ _To make Almond Biscate._ Steepe one pound of _Almonds_ so long in cold water, till they will blanch, then put them in _Rose_-water, and beat them in so much _Rose_-water as will keep them from growing to an Oyle, and no more; take one pound of _Sugar_ beaten very fine, and sifted through a Searce, take the whites of six Eggs beat to a froth, as you use to doe for other Bisket, with a spoonfull of fine flower, set the _Almonds_ and _Sugar_ on a soft Charcoal fire, let them boyle together till they be very thick, and so let them stand till they be almost cold, then beat the Eggs and that together, put in a little _Muske_ for the better tast, if you please, then lay them upon papers, in what proportion you will, and dry them in an Oven, with a slack fire. _To make Almond Milke._ Take a rib of _Mutton_ or _Veale_, or rather a _Chicken_, boyle it in faire water, put thereto _French Barley_, a _Fennill_ root, a _Parsly_ root, _Violet_ leaves, _Strawberry_ leaves, and _Cinquefoyle_ leaves, and boyle them all together, till the meat be over boyled, then strayne out the liquor from the rest, while they are boyling blanch a proportion of _Almonds_ answerable to the liquor, beat them well in a clean stone Morter, and then grind them therein with _Rose_ water and _Sugar_, and when they are well ground put in all your liquor by little and little, and grind with them till they be all well Compounded, and then strayne it into a faire glasse, and use it at your pleasure. _An approved Medicine for the running of the Reines._ Make _Almond_ Milke of _Plantine_ water, or else boyle _Plantine_ in the liquor whereof you make your _Almond_ Milk, take a quart of it, and put thereto three spoonfulls of _Lentive farine_, and three spoonfulls of _Cinamon_ water, take of this at six in the morning, a good draught, two hours before dinner another, at four of the clock in the afternoon, a third, and two hours after supper a fourth; and twice or thrice between meals, eat a spoonfull of Conserve of Red _Roses_ at a time. _Oyle of Almonds_. Take _Almonds_, blanch them, and put them into a pot, and set that pot in another pot of water that boyleth, and the steam of the seething pot will arise and enter into the pot with the _Almonds_, and that will become Oyle when they are stamped and wringed through a cloath. Thus they make Oyle of the kernels of _Filberts, Walnuts,_ &c. _A Barley Cream to procure sleep, or Almond Milke._ Take a good handfull of French _Barley_, wash it cleane in warme water, and boyle it in a quart of sayre water to the halfe, then put our the water from the _Barley_, and put the _Barley_ into a pottell of new clean water, with a _Parsley,_ and a _Fennell_ root, clean washed, and picked with _Bourage, Buglos, Violet_ leaves, and _Lettice_, of each one handfull, boyle them with the _Barley_, till more then halfe be consumed; then strayne out the liquor, and take of blanched _Almonds_ a handfull, of the seeds of _Melons, Cucumbers, Citralls_, and _Gourds_, husked, of each halfe a quarter of an ounce, beat these seeds, and the _Almonds_ together, in a stone morter, with so much _Sugar_, and Rose-water as is fit, and strayne them through a cleane cloath into the liquor, and drink thereof at night going to bed, and in the night, if this doth not sufficiently provoke sleep, then make some more of the same liquor, and boyle in the same the beads, or a little of white _Poppey_. _An Oyntment to kill the Worms in little Children_. For stomach Wormes, annoynt the stomach with Oyle of _Wormwood,_ and the belly with Oyle of sweet _Almonds_, for belly Wormes take all of _Wormwood_, Oyle of _Savine_, and the Powder of _Aloe Cicatrina_, finely beaten, annoynt the belly therewith, morning and evening. You must not use _Savine_ in Medicines for Mayden Children, but in stead of Oyle of _Savine_, take as much of an Oxes Gall. _To make the best white Puddings_. Take a pound of _Almonds_, blanch them, putting in a little Milk sometime to them in the stamping, then put to them three handfulls of fine Flower, or as much grated bread first baked in an Oven, six Eggs well beaten, a good deale of marrow cut in little pieces, season them with _Nutmeg_ and _Sugar_, three spoonfulls of _Rose-water_, and a little Salt; temper them all together, with as much Cream as will serve to wet or mingle them; and so fill them up. _An Almond Candle_. Blanch Jordan _Almonds_, beat them with a little small Ale, and strayne them out with as much more Ale as you minde to make your Caudle of, then boyle it as you doe an Egg Caudle, with a little Mace in it, and when it is off the fire sweeten it with Sugar. _To make fine white Leach of Almonds_. Take halfe a pound of small Almonds, beat them, and strayne them with Rose water, and sweet Milk from the Cow, and put into it two or three pieces of large Mace, one graine of Musk, two ounces of Isinglasse, and so boyle it in a Chafin-dish of coales, a quarter of an hour, till it will stand, which you shall try thus, set a saucer in a little cold water, so that none come into it, and put a spoonfull of the Leach into it, and if you see that stand, rake the other off the fire, then you may slice it in what fashion you please. _To make Almond Butter_. Blanch one pound of _Almonds_, or more; or lesse, as you please, lay them four hours in cold water, then stamp them with some Rose water, as fine as you can, put them in a cloath, and presse out as much Milk as you can, then if you think they be not enough beat them, and straine them againe, till you get as much Milk of them, as you can, then set it on the fire, till they be ready to boyle, putting in a good quantity of Salt and Rose water, to turne it after one boyling, being turned, take it off, cast it abroad upon a linnen cloath, being holden between two, then with a spoon take off the Whey under the cloath, so long as any will drop or run, then take so much of the finest Sugar you can get, as will sweeten it, and melt it in as much Rose-water as will serve to dissolve it, put thereto so much _Saffron_ in fine powder, as will colour it, and so steeping the _Saffron_ and _Sugar_ in Rose-water, season your Butter therewith, when you make it up. [Illustration: Olives] _To make Almond Cakes_. Take of Jordan Almonds, one pound, beat them as you doe for Almond milk, draw them through a strainer, with the yolks of two or three Eggs, season it well with Sugar, and make it into a thick Batter, with fine flower, as you doe for Bisket bread, then powre it on small Trencher plates, and bake them in an Oven, or baking pan, and these are the best Almond Cakes. _To make Paste of Almonds_. Take one pound of small Almonds, blanch them out of hot water into cold, then dry them with a cloath, and beat them in a stone Morter, till they come to Past, putting now and then a spoonful of Rose water to them, to keep them from Oyling, when they are beaten to fine past, take halfe a pound of _Sugar_ finely beaten and searsed, put it to your past, and beat it till it will twist between your fingers and thumb, finely without knots, for then it is enough, then make thereof Pyes, Birds, Fruits, Flowers, or any pretty things, printed with Molds, and so gild them, and put them into your Stove, and use them at your pleasure. _To make a Marchpine_. Take a pound of small Almonds, blanch them, and beat them, as you doe your past of Almonds, then drive it into a sheet of past, and spread it on a botome of wafers, according to the proportion, or bignesse you please, then set an edge round about it, as you doe about a Tart, and pinch it if you will, then bake it in a pan, or Oven, when it is enough, take it forth, and Ice it with an Ice made of Rose-water and Sugar, as thick as batter, spread it on with a brush of bristles, or with feathers, and put it in the Oven againe, and when you see the Ice rise white and dry, take it forth, and stick long comfits in it, and set up a staddard in the middest of it, so gild it, and serve it. _To make White-Broth with Almonds_. First look that the Meat be clean washed, and then set it on the fire, and when it boyleth, scum it clean, and put some salt into the pot, then take _Rosemary, Thyme, Hysop_, and _Marjerome_, bind them together, and put them into the pot, then take a dish of sweet Butter, and put it also into the pot amongst the meat, and take whole Mase, and bind them in a cloath, and put them into the pot, with a quantity of Verjuice, and after that take such a quantity of Almonds as shall serve turne, blanch them, and beat them in the Morter, and then straine them with the broth when your Meat is in, and when these Almonds are strained put them in a pot by themselves, with some _Sugar_, a little _Ginger_, and also a little Rose water, then stir it while it boyle, and after that take some sliced _Oringes_ without the kernels, and boyle them with the broth of the pot, upon a chafin-dish of coales, with a little _Sugar_, and then have some Sipits ready in a platter, and serve the meat upon them, and put not your Almonds in till it be ready to be served. * * * * * [Illustration: Straw-berries] _Of Straw-Berries._ _A Tart of Straw-Berries._ Pick and wash your _Straw-Berries_ clean, and put them in the past one by another, as thick as you can, then take _Sugar, Cinamon_, and a little _Ginger_ finely beaten, and well mingled together, cast them upon the _Straw Berries_, and cover them with the lid finely cut into Lozenges, and so let them bake a quarter of an houre, then take it out, stewing it with a little _Cinamon_, and _Sugar_, and so serve it. * * * * * _Of Hartichoakes_. _How to make a Hartichoake Pye._ Boyle your _Hartichoakes_, take off all the leaves, pull out all the strings, leaving only the bottoms, then season them with _Cinamon_ and _Sugar_, laying between every _Hartichoake_ a good piece of Butter; and when you put your Pye into the Oven, stick the _Hartichoakes_ with slices of _Dates_, and put a quarter of a pint of White-wine into the Pye, and when you take it out of the Oven, doe the like againe, with some butter, and sugar, and Rose-water, melting the butter upon some coales, before you put it into the Pye. _To keep Hartichoakes for all the yeare._ The fittest time is about _Michaelmas_, and then according to the proportion of _Hartichoakes_ you will keep, seeth a quantity of water in a pot or pan, seasoning it so with white salt that it may have a reasonable tast, then put a fit quantity of white salt into the water, and boyle them together, and scum them well; then put a good quantity of good _Vineger_ to them, to make the liquor somewhat sharp, and boyle it again, then parboyle your _Hartichoakes_ that you mind to keep, in another liquor, take them out of it, and let them coole, then set your first liquor againe on the fire to boyle, and scumming it throughly, let it coole againe; when it is throughly cold, put it up in some firkin, or large earthen pot, and put in your _Hartichoakes_ to them handsomely, for bruising them; then cover them close from the aire, and so keep them to spend at your pleasure. _To Preserve Hartichoakes_. Heat water scalding hot first, then put in your _Hartichoakes_ and scald them, and take away all the bottomes, and leaves about them, then take _Rose water_ and _Sugar_ and boyle them alone a little while, then put the _Hartichoakes_ therein, and let them boyle on a soft fire till they be tender enough, let them be covered all the time they boyle, then take them out and put them up for your use. _To make a maid dish of Hartechoakes_. Take your _Hartichoakes_ and pare away all the top, even to the Meat, and boyle them in sweet Broth till they be somewhat tender, then take them oat, and put them in a dish, and seeth them with _Pepper, Cinamon_, and _Ginger_, then put them in the dish you mean to bake them in and put in marrow to them good store, and so let them bake, and when they be baked, put in a little _Vineger_ and _Butter_, and stick three or four leaves of the _Hartichoakes_ in the dish when you serve them up, and scrape Sugar upon the dish. *OF MEDICINES.* _An Excellent Medicine or Salve for an Ache coming of cold, easie to be made by any Countrey Housewife._ Take of good Neats-foot Oyle, Honey, and new Wax, like quantities, boyle them all well together, then put to them a quarter so much _of Aqua vitæ_ as was of each of the other, and then setting it on the fire, boyle it till it be well incorporated together, then spread it upon a piece of thin Leather, or thick linnen cloath, and so apply it to the place pained. _To cake the Ague out of any place_. Take _Vervine_ and _Black Hemlocke_, of each an handfull, boyle them in a pint of fresh _Butter_ till they be soft, and begin to parch againe, then straine the _Butter_ from the hearbs, and put it into a gally pot, and two or three times annoynt the place grieved with a spoonfull or two thereof, _probat_. _For the Ague in Children, or Women with Child_. Take _Venice Terpentine_, spread it on the rough side of a piece of thin _Leather_, two fingers breadth, and strew thereon the powder of _Frankincense_ finely beaten, and upon it some _Nutmeg_ grated, binde this upon the wrists an hour before the fit comes, and renew it still till the fit be gone. _To strengthen the Back weak or diseased._ Take the pith of an Oxes back, wash it in Wine or Ale, and beating it very small straine it through a course cloath, and make a Caudle of it, with _Muskadine_ or strong _Ale_ boyling it therein a few _Dates_ sliced, and the stones taken out, and drink it first and last as warm as you can, walking well, but temperately after it. Toasted dates often eaten are very good for the same. _For a Paine or Ache in the Back._ Take _Nepe, Archangel, Parsley_, and _Clarie_, of each halfe a handfull wash them cleane, and cut them small, and then fry them with a little sweet Butter, then take the yolks of three or four Eggs, beat them well together, and put them to the Hearbs, fry them all together, and eat them fasting every morning, with some _Sugar_; to take away the unsavorinesse of the Hearbs, some use to take only _Clary_ leaves, and _Parsley_ washed, not cut, or _Clary_ leaves alone, and powring the yolks of the Eggs upon them, so fry them, and eat them. _For a suddain Bleeding at the Nose._ Burne an Egg shell in the fire till it be as black as a coale, then beat it to a fine powder, and let the party snufle it up into his Nostrills. _A Medicine for Burning or Scalding._ Take _Madenwort_, stamp it, and seeth it in fresh Butter, and therewith anoynt the place grieved presently. _For the Canker in Womens Breasts._ Take _Goose_-dung, _Celedonie_, stamp them well together, and lay it plaister-wise to the soare, it will cleanse the _Canker_, kill the wormes, and heale the soare. _For the Canker in the Mouth._ Take the juice of _Plantaine, Vineger_ and _Rose_ water, of each a like quantity, mingle them together, and wash the mouth often with them. _To make a Tooth fall out of it selfe._ Take wheat flower and mix it with the Milk of an Hearb called _Spurge_, make thereof a past, and fill the hole of the Tooth therewith, and leave it there, changing it every two houres, and the Tooth will fall out. _To take away the cause of the paine in the Teeth._ Wash the mouth two or three times together in the morning every moneth, with _White-wine_ wherein the root of _Spurge_ hath been sodden, and you shall never have paine in your Teeth. _For A Consumption._ Take Ash-keyes so soon as they look wither'd, set them into an Oven, the bread being drawne, in a pewter, or rather an earthen dish, and being so dryed pull off the out side, and reserving the inner part, or the seed, or keyes, beat them to fine powder, and either mix it with good English honey, and so eat of it, first and last, morning and evening, a pretty deale of it at once, upon the point of a knife, or else drink of the powder in some posset Ale, or thin broth. Mares milk, or Asses milk, which is best, being drunk warm morning and evening, is the most soveraigne Medicine for it. _An excellent Medicine for the Cough of the Lungs._ Take _Fennell_ and _Angelica_ of each one handfull, the leaves in Summer, roots in Winter, sliced figgs twelve, but if the body be bound, twenty at least, green Licorice if you can, two or three good sticks scraped and sliced, Anniseed cleaved and bruised, two good spoonfulls, two or three Parsley roots scraped, and the pith taken out, and twenty leaves of Foale-foot, boyle all these in three pints of _Hysop_ water, to a pint and halfe, then straine it out into a glasse, putting to it as much white _Sugar_-candy as will make it sweet, drink hereof, being warmed, five spoonfulls at a time, first in the morning, and last in the evening, taking heed that you eat nor drink any thing two howres before nor after. * * * * * _Of Violets._ _The use of Oyle of Violets._ Oyle of _Violets, Cammomile, Lillies, Elder flowers, Cowslips, Rue, Wormwood_, and _Mint_, are made after the same sort; Oyle of _Violets_, if it be rubbed about the Tempels of the head, doth remove the extream heat, asswageth the head Ache, provoketh sleep, and moistneth the braine; it is good against melancholly, dullnesse, and heavinesse of the spirits, and against swellings, and soares that be over-hot. _The Syrupe of Violets._ Take faire water, boyle it, scum it, and to every ounce of it so boyled and scummed, take six ounces of the blew of _Violets_, only shift them as before, nine times, and the last time take nine ounces of _Violets_, let them stand between times of shifting, 12 houres, keeping the liquor still on hot embers, that it may be milk warm, and no warmer; after the first shifting you must stamp and straine your last nine ounces of _Violets_, and put in only the juice of them, then take to every pint of this liquor thus prepared, one pound of _Sugar_ finely beaten, boyle it, and keep it with stirring till the _Sugar_ be all melted, which if you can, let be done before it boyle, and then boyle it up with a quick fire. This doth coole and open in a burning _Ague_, being dissolved in _Almond_ milk, and taken; especially it is good for any Inflamation in Children. The Conserves are of the same effect. _The use of Conserve of Violets and Cowslips._ That of _Cowslips_ doth marvelously strengthen the Braine, preserveth against Madnesse, against the decay of memory, stoppeth Head-ache, and most infirmities thereof; for _Violets_ it hath the same use the Syrupe hath. [Illustration: Violets] _To make Paste of Violets, or any kind of Flowers._ Take your Flowers, pick them, and stamp them in an _Alablaster_ morter, then steep them two howres in a sauser of _Rose_-water, after straine it, and steep a little _Gum Dragon_ in the same water, then beat it to past, print it in your Moulds, and it will be of the very colour and tast of the Flowers, then gild them, and so you may have every Flower in his owne colour, and tast better for the mouth, then any printed colour. _Powder of Violets._ Take sweet _Ireos_ roots one ounce, red _Roses_ two ounces, _Storax_ one ounce and a halfe, _Cloves_ two drams, _Marjerome_ one dram, _Lavinder_ flowers one dram and a halfe, make these into powder; then take eight graines of fine _Muske_ powdered, also put to it two ounces of _Rose_-water, stir them together, and put all the rest to them, and stir them halfe an hour, till the water be dryed, then set it by one day, and dry it by the fire halfe an houre, and when it is dry put it up into bagges. _A good Plaister for the Strangury._ Take _Violets_, and _Hollyhokes_, and _Mercury_, the leaves of these Hearbs, or the seeds of them, also the rinde of the _Elderne_ tree, and _Leydwort_, of each of these a handfull, and beat them small, and seeth them in water, till halfe be consumed, and put thereto a little oyle Olive, and make thereof a plaister, and lay it to the soare and reines; also in the summer thou must make him a drink on this manner, take _Saxifrage_, and the leaves of _Elderne_, five leav'd grasse, and seath them in a pottell of staile Ale, till the halfe be wasted, then straine it, and keep it clean, and let the sick drink thereof first and last, and if you lack these hearbs because of winter, then take the roots of five-leav'd grasse, and dry them, and make thereof a powder, then take Oyster-shells, and burne them, and make powder also of them, and mingling them together, let the sick use thereof in his pottage, and drink, and it will help him. _A Medicine for sore blood-shotten and Rhuematick eyes._ Take ground _Ivy_, _Daises_, and _Celedony_, of each a like quantity, stamp and straine out the juice out of them, and put to it a little brown _Sugar_ Candy dissolved in white Rose-water, and drop two or three drops of this liquor at one time into the grieved eye, with a feather, lying upon the back when you doe it an hour after, this is a most approved Medicine to take away all _Inflamations, Spots, Webbs, Itches, Smartings_, or any griefe whatsoever in the eyes. _A Glister to open and loosen the Body being bound, which may safely be administred to any man or woman._ Take _Mellowes_ and _Mercury_ unwashed, of each two handfulls, halfe a handfull of _Barley_ clean rubbed and washed, boyle them in a pottell of running water to a quart, then strayne out the water, and put it in a Skillet, and put to it three spoonfulls of Sallet Oyle, and two spoonfulls of Honey, and a little salt; then make it luke warm, and so minister it. _To cleanse the head, and take the Ache away._ Chew the root of _Pellitory of Spaine_, often in the mouth. _A Medicine that hath healed old Sores upon the leggs, that have run so long that the bones have been seen._ Take a quantity of good sweet _Cream_, and as much _Brimstone_ beaten in fine powder, as will make it thick like Paste, then take so much _Butter_ as will make it into the form of Oyntmemt, and herewith annoynt the place grieved, twice a day. _An Oyntment for a Rupture._ Take of _Sanicle_ two handfulls, of _Adders_ tongue, _Doves_ foot, and _Shephards purse_, of each as much, of _Limaria_ one handfull, chop them somewhat small, and boyle them in _Deers_ seuet, untill the Hearbs doe crumble, and wax dry. _A Barley Water to purge the Lungs and lights of all Diseases._ Take halfe a pound of faire _Barley_, a gallon of running water, _Licorice_ halfe an ounce, _Fennell_ seed, _Violet_ leaves, _Parsley_ seed, of each one quarter of an ounce, red _Roses_ as much, _Hysop_ and _Sage_ dryed, a good quantity of either, _Harts tongue_ twelve leaves, a quarter of a pound of _Figges_, and as many _Raisons_, still the _Figges_ and _Raisons_, put them all into a new earthen pot, with the water cold, let them seeth well, and then strain the clearest from it, drink of this a good quantity, morning and afternoone, observing good diet upon it, it taketh away all _Agues_ that come of heat, and all ill heat; it purgeth the _Lights, Spleene, Kidneyes_, and _Bladder_. _To Cure the Diseases of the Mother._ Take six or seaven drops of the Spirit of _Castoreum_ in the beginning of the fit, in two or three spoonfulls of posset _Ale_, applying a Plaister of _Gavanum_ to the Navill. _To kill Warts: an approved Medicine._ Take a _Radish_ root, scrape off the out side of it, and rub it all over with salt, then set it thus dressed upright in a saucer, or some other small dish, that you may save the liquor that runneth from it, and therewith annoynt your Warts three or four times in a day, the oftner the better, and in five or six dayes they will consume away, _Sepe probatum_. _For the Piles._ Set a Chafin-dish of coales under a close stoole chaire, or in a close stoole case, and strew _Amber_ beaten in fine powder, upon the coales, and sit downe over it, that the smoak may ascend up into the place grieved. _A Medicine for the Piles._ Take a little _Orpine, Hackdagger_, and _Elecampane_, stamp them all together with _Boares_ grease, into the form of an Oyntment, and lay them to the place grieved. _A Diet for the Patient that hath Ulcers or Wounds that will hardly be Cured with Oyntments, Salves, or Plaisters._ Take one pound of _Guaicum_, boyle it in three pottels of _Ale_, with a soft fire, to the consuming of two parts, but if it be where you may have wild Whay, or cheese Whay, they are better. Let the Patient drink of this morning and evening, halfe a pint at a time, and let him sweat after it two hours. His drink at his Meals must be thus used, put into the same vessel where the former was made, to the _Guaicum_ that is left, three pottels of _Ale_, and not _Whey_, let it boyle to the one halfe, let him drink thereof at all times, and at his meale, which must be but one in a day, and that so little, that he may rise hungry. Thus he must doe for five dayes together, but he must first be purged. * * * * * [Illustration: Cowslips] _Of Cowslips_. _Oyle of Cowslips._ Oyle of _Cowslips_, if the Nape of the Neck be annointed with it, is good for the _Palsie_, it comforteth the sinews, the heart and the head. _The use of the Oyle of Wormwood, and Oyle of Mint_. Oyle of Wormwood is good for straines and bruises, and to comfort the stomach; it is made of the green Hearb, as are the Oyle of _Cammomile_, _Rue_, and _Mint_, are made. Oyle of _Mint_ comforteth the stomack, overlayed or weakned with Casting, it doth drive back, or dry up Weomend breasts, and doth keep them from being soare, being therewith annointed. _Syrupe of Cowslips_. Instead of running water you must take distilled water of _Cowslips_, put thereto your _Cowslip_ flowers clean picked, and the green knobs in the bottome cut off, and therewith boyle up a Syrupe, as in the Syrupe of _Roses_ is shewed; it is good against the _Frensie_, comforting and staying the head in all hot _Agues, &c_. It is good against the _Palsie_, and procures a sick Patient to sleep; it must be taken in _Almond_-milk, or some other warm thing. _To keep Cowslips for Salates_. Take a quart of _White wine_ Vineger, and halfe a quarter of a pound of fine beaten _Sugar_, and mix them together, then take your _Cowslips_, pull them out of the podds, and cut off the green knobs at the lower end, put them into the pot or glasse wherein you mind to keep them, and well shaking the _Vineger_ and _Sugar_ together in the glasse wherein they were before, powre it upon the _Cowslips_, and so stirring them morning and evening to make them settle for three weeks, keep them for your use. _To Conserve Cowslips_. Gather your Flowers in the midst of the day when all the dew is off, then cut off all the white leaving none but the yellow blossome so picked and cut, before they wither, weigh out ten ounces, taking to every ten ounces of them, or greater proportion, if you please, eight ounces of the best refined _Sugar_, in fine powder, put the _Sugar_ into a pan, and candy it, with as little water as you can, then taking it off the fire, put in your Flowers by little and little, never ceasing to stir them till they be dry, and enough; then put them into glasses, or gally pots, and keep them dry for your use. These are rather Candied then Conserved _Cowslips_. _To Preserve all kinde of Flowers in the Spanish Candy in Wedges_. Take _Violets_, _Cowslips_, or any other kinde of Flowers, pick them, and temper them with the pap of two roasted _Apples_, and a drop or two of _Verjuice_, and a graine of _Muske_, then take halfe a pound of fine hard _Sugar_, boyle it to the height of _Manus Christi_, then mix them together, and pour it on a wet Pye plate, then cut it it in Wedges before it be through cold, gild it, and so you may box it, and keep it all the year. It is a fine sort of Banquetting stuffe, and newly used, your _Manus Christi_ must boyle a good while and be kept with good stirring. _A Medicine to break and heale sore breasts of Women, used by Mid-wives, and other skillfull Women in_ London. Boyle _Oatmeale,_, of the smallest you can get, and red _Sage_ together, in running or Conduict water, till it be thick enough to make a Plaister and then put into it a fit proportion of _Honey_, and let it boyle a little together, take it off the fire, and while it is yet boyling hot, put thereto so much of the best _Venice Terpentine_ as will make it thick enough to spread, then spreading it on some soft leather, or a good thick linnen cloath, apply it to the brest, and it will first break the soare; and after that being continued, will also heale it up. _A Medicine that hath recovered some from the Dropsie whome the Physitian hath given over_. Take green _Broome_ and burne it in some clean place, that you may save the ashes of it, take some ten or twelve spoonfulls of the same Ashes, and boyle them in a pint of _White_ wine till the vertue of it be in the wine, then coole it, and drayne the wine from the dreggs, and make three draughts of the Wine, and drink one fasting in the morning, another at three in the afternoone, another late at night neer going to bed. Continue this, and by Gods grace it will cure you. _An especiall Medicine for all manner of Poyson_. Take _Hemp seed_, dry it very well, and get off the husks, and beat the _Hemp seed_ into fine powder, take _Mintes_ also, dry them, and make them into powder, boyle a spoonfull of either of these in halfe a pint of _Goats_ milk, a pretty while, then put the milk into a cup to coole, and put into it a spoonfull of _Treacle_, and stir them together till it be coole enough, then drink it in the morning fasting, and eat nothing till noon, or at least two hours; doe the like at night, and use it so three dayes, and it will kill and overcome any poyson. _Doctor_ Lewin's _Unguentum Rosatum, good for the heat in the Back._ Take a certain quantity of _Barrowes_ grease; Oyle of sweet _Almonds_, and _Rose-water_, either red or damask, of each a like quantity, but of neither so much as of the _Hoggs_ grease, beat them together to an Oyntment, put it in some gally pot, and when you would use it, heat it, and therewith annoynt the Back and Reins. * * * * * _Of Beanes._ _To defend Humours._ Take _Beanes_, the rinde or the upper skin being pul'd off, bruise them, and mingle them with the white of an Egg, and make it stick to the temples, it keepeth back humours flowing to the Eyes. _To dissolve the Stone; which is one of the Physitians greatest secrets._ Take a peck of green _Beane_ cods, well cleaved, and without dew or rain, and two good handfulls of _Saxifrage_, lay the same into a Still, one row of _Bean_ cods, another of _Saxifrage_, and so Distill another quart of water after this manner, and then Distill another proportion of _Bean_ codds alone, and use to drink oft these two Waters; if the Patient be most troubled with heat of the Reins, then it is good to use the _Bean_ codd water stilled alone more often, and the other upon comming downe of the sharp gravell or stone. [Illustration: Beanes] _Unguentum Sanativum_. Take of _Terpentine_ one pound, _Wax_ six ounces, Oyle of _Cammomile_ halfe a pint, put all these together in a pan, and put to them a handfull of _Cammomile_, bruised, or cut very small, boyle them upon a soft fire till they be well melted, and no more; then take it from the fire, and strayne it into a clean pan, and so let it coole all night, and in the morning put it up for your use. This Oyntment is good for any cut, wound, or breaking of the flesh, it eateth away dead flesh, and ranklings, and doth heale againe quickly. _A Serecloath for all Aches_. Take _Rossen_ one pound, _Perrossen_ a quarter of a pound, as _Mastick_ and _Deer sewet_ the like, _Turpentine_ two ounces, _Cloves_ bruised, one ounce, _Mace_ bruised, two ounces, _Saffron_ two drams, boyle all these together in Oyle of _Cammomile_, and keep it for your use. _An Oyntment to be made at any time of the yeare, and is approved good, and hath helped old Paines, Griefes, and Aches._ Take _Steers Gall, Sallet Oyle_ and _Aqua vita_ of each five spoon-fulls, boyle them together a little, and therewith annoint the place pained, by the fire, and lay a warm cloath on it. _An Oyntment for the Sciatica_. Roaste a handfull or two of _Onions_, and take _Neats-foot_ Oyle, and _Aqua vita_, of each a pint, stamp, or rather boyle all these together to an Oyle, or Oyntment, and straine it into a gally pot, and therewith annoynt the place grieved as hot as you can endure it, morning and evening. _A Water to drive away any Infection._ Take _Draggons, Angelica, Rue, Wormwood_, of each a handfull, chop them pretty small, and steep them in a quart of _White-wine_, twenty four hours, then distill them in a Still, and reserve the water in a glasse close stopped; give to the sick Patient six or seaven spoonfuls thereof at a time fasting, and let him fast an houre and an halfe after, and keep himselfe very warme in his bed, or otherwise. _An excellent Conservative for the stomach, helping digestion, warming the braine, and drying the Rheumes_. Take two ounces of good old Conserve of red _Roses_, of chosen _Methridate_ two drams, mingle them well together, and eat thereof to bed-ward, the quantity of a hazell nut; this doth expell all windinesse of the stomach, expelleth raw humours and venomous vapours, causeth good digestion, dryeth the Rheume, strengthneth the memory and sight. _An Oyntmnt for any wound or sore_. Take two pound of _Sheeps_ suet, or rather _Deers_ suet, a pint of _Candy Oyle_, a quarter of a pound of the newest and best _Bees-wax_, melt them together, stirring them well, and put to them one ounce of the Oyle of _Spike_, and halfe an ounce of the _Goldsmiths Boras_, then heating them againe, and stirring them all together, put it up in a gally pot, and keep it close stopped till you have cause to use it; this is an approved Oyntment to cure any wounds or sores new or old. _An excellent Oyntment for any Bruise or Ache_. Take two pound of _May Butter_ purified, powre it out from the dregs, and put to it of _Broome_ flowers and _Elder_ flowers, of each a good handfull, so clean picked that you use nothing but the leaves, mix them all together in a stone pot, and boyle them seaven or eight howres in a kettell of water, being covered with a board, and kept downe with weights, keeping the kettell alwayes full of water, with the help of another kettell of boyling water ready to fill up the first as it wasteth, and when it waxeth somewhat coole, but not cold, straine the Oyntment from the Hearbs, into a gally pot, and keep it for your use. _A Plaister for a Bile or Push_. Take a yolk of an Egg, and halfe a spoonfull of English _Honey_, mix them together with fine wheat flower, and making it to a Plaister, apply it warme to the place grieved. _An approved good drink for the Pestilence_. Take six spoonfuls of _Draggon_-water, two good spoonfulls of _Wine-Vineger_, two penny weights of English _Saffron_, and as much Treacle of _Gene_, as a little _Walnut_, dissolve all these together upon the fire, and let the Patient drink it blood-warm, within twenty hours or sooner that he is sick, and let him neither eat nor drink six howres after, but lye so warme in his bed, that he may sweat, this expelleth the Disease from the heart, and if he be disposed to a sore, it will streightwayes appeare, which you shall draw out with a Plaister of _Flos Unguentorum_. _For the Rheume in the gums or teeth_. Boyle _Rosemary_ in faire water, with some ten or twelve _Cloves_, shut, and when it is boyled take as much _Claret_ wine as there is water left, and mingle with it, and make it boyle but a little againe, then strayne it into some glasse, and wash the mouth there with morning and evening; this will take away the Rheume in short time; and if you boyle a little _Mastick_. therewith, it is the better. _For the Emroids_. Take _Egremony_ and bruise it small, and then fry it with _Sheep suet_, and _Honey_, of each a like quantity, and lay it as hot as you can suffer it to the Fundament, and it will heale very faire and well. _An approved medicine for the Dropsey_. Take the Hearb called _Bitter sweet_, it grows in waters, and bears a purple flower, slice the stalks, and boyle a pretty deale of them in _White-wine_, drink thereof first and last, morning and evening, and it will cure the _Dropsey_. _A Powder for Wounds_. Take _Orpiment_, and _Verdigreese_, of each an ounce, of _Vitriall_ burned till it be red, two ounces, beat each of them by it selfe in a brasen Morter, as small as flower, then mingle them all together, that they appear all as one, and keep it in bagges of leather, well bound, for it will last seaven years with the same vertue, and it is called _Powder peerlesse_, it hath no peer for working in _Chyrurgery_, for put of this powder in a wound where is dead flesh, and lay scrap't lint about it, and a Plainer of Disklosions next upon it, and it will heale it. _An approved Medicine for the Green sicknesse_. Take a quart of _Clarret_ wine, one pound of _Currants_, and a handfull of young _Rosemary_ crops, and halfe an ounce of _Mace_, seeth these to a pint, and let the Patient drink thereof three spoonfulls at a time, morning and evening, and eat some of the _Currants_ also after. _A Medicine for a Pleurisie, Stitch, or Winde, offending in any part of the Body._ Gather the young shutes of _Oake_, after the fall of a _Wood_, and picking out the tenderest and softest of them, especially those which look redest, bind them up together in a wet paper, and roste them in hot embers, as you doe a _Warden_, whereby they will dry to powder, of which powder let the Patient take a spoonfull in a little Posset _Ale_, or _Beer_, warmed, in the morning, fasting after it two hours, or more, if he be able, doing the like about three after noon, and two hours after supper, four or five dayes together, which thus done in the beginning of the Disease, is by often experiments found to cure such windy paines in the side, stomach, or other parts of the body; you may dry them also in a dish, in an Oven after the bread is drawn; you shall doe well to gather enough of them in the Spring, and make good store of the powder then, to keep for all the year following. _An approved Medicine for the Gout in the feet_. Take an _Oxes_ paunch new killed, and warm out of the belly, about the latter end of _May_, or beginning of _June_, make two holes therein, and put in your feet, and lay store of warm cloaths about it, to keep it warm so long as can be. Use this three or four dayes together, for three weeks or a moneth, whether you have the fit or paine of the _Gout_, at that time or no, so you have had it at any time before. This hath cured divers persons, that they have never been troubled with it againe. _For one that cannot make water_. Take the white strings of _Filmy_ roots, of _Primroses_ wash them very clean, and boyle of them halfe a handfull, in a pint of _Beer_ or _White-wine_, till halfe be consumed, then straine it through a clean cloath, and drink thereof a quarter of a pint, somewhat warme, morning and evening, for three dayes, it will purge away all viscous or obstructions stopping the passage of the water, _probatum_. _To kill the Ring worme, and heat thereof_. Take a quart of _White wine_ vineger, boyle therein of _Woodbine_ leaves, _Sage_, and _Plantaine_ of each one handfull, of white _Coperas_, one pound, of _Allum_ as much as an Egge; when it is boyled to halfe a pint, straine out the liquor, and therewith wash the soare as hard as you can suffer it. _To make a Water for all Wounds and Cankers_. Take a handfull of red _Sage_ leaves, a handfull of _Selandine_, as much _Woodbine_ leaves, then take a gallon of Conduict water, and put the hearbs in it, and let them boyle to a pottell, and then strayning the Hearbs through a strainer, take the liquor and set it over the fire againe, and take a pint of English _Honey_, a good handfull of _Roche Allum_, as much of white _Copperas_ tinne beaten, a penny worth of _Graines_ bruised, and let them boyle all together three or four warms, and then let the scum be taken off with a feather, and when it is cold put it in an earthen pot or bottell, so as it may be kept close; and for an old Wound take of the thinnest, and for a green Wound, of the thickest, and having dressed them with this Water, cover the soare either with _Veale_, or _Mutton_, and skin it with _Dock_ leaves. _For a Swelling that cometh suddenly in mans Limbs._ Take _Harts_ tongue, _Cherfoyle_, and cut them small, and then take dreggs of _Ale_, and _Wheat_ Branne, and _Sheeps_ tallow molten, and doe all in a pot, and seeth them till they be thick, and then make a Plaister, and lay it to the swelling. * * * * * _Of Apricocks_. _To dry Apricocks_. Take them when they be ripe, stone them, and pare off their rindes very thin, then take halfe as much _Sugar_ as they weigh, finely beaten, and lay them with that _Sugar_ into a silver or earthen dish, laying first a lay of _Sugar_, and then of Fruit, and let them stand so all night, and in the morning the _Sugar_ will be all melted, then put them into a Skillet, and boyle them apace, scumming them well, and as soon as they grow tender take them off from the fire, and let them stand two dayes in the Syrupe, then take them out, and lay them on a fine plate, and so dry them in a Stove. [Illustration: Aprecocks] _Clear Cakes of Quinces, or Apricocks._ Take of the best _Sugar_ finely beaten and searced, one pound, to a pound of _Quinces_, or _Apricocks_, set your _Sugar_ upon a chafin-dish of coales, and dry it above halfe an houre, then cooling it, stir into it a little _Musk_ and _Ambergreese_ finely beaten, and powdered, then pare your _Quinces_, and boyle them in faire water whole, till they be tender and not covering them for so they will be white; then take them, and scrape off all the _Quince_ to the coare, into a silver dish, and boyle it therein till it grow dry, which you shall perceive by the rising of it up, when it is thus well dryed, take it off, let it coole, and strew on the _Sugar_, letting some other to strew it, till it be all throughly wrought in, then lay it out on glasses, plates, or prints of Flowers, or letters, an inch thick, or lesse as you please. _The best way to Preserve Apricocks_ Take the weight of your _Apricocks_, what quantity soever you mind to use, in _Sugar_ finely beaten, pare and stone the _Apricocks_, and lay them in the _Sugar_, in your preserving pan all night, and in the morning set them upon hot embers till the _Sugar_ be all melted, then let them stand, and scald an hour, then take them off the fire, and let them stand in that Syrupe two dayes, and then boyle them softly till they be tender and well coloured, and after that when they be cold put them up in glasses or pots, which you please. * * * * * _Of Lillies_. _The use of Oyle of Lillies_. Oyle of _Lillies_ is good to supple, mollifie, and stretch sinews that be shrunk, it is good to annoynt the sides and veines in the fits of the _Stone_. _To Candy all kinde of Flowers as they grow, with their stalks on_. Take the Flowers, and cut the stalks somewhat short, then take one pound of the whitest and hardest _Sugar_ you can get, put to it eight spoonfulls of _Rose_ water, and boyle it till it will roule between your fingers and your thumb, then take it from the fire, coole it with a stick, and as it waxeth cold, dip in all your Flowers, and taking them out againe suddenly, lay them one by one on the bottome of a Sive; then turne a joyned stoole with the feet upwards, set the sive on the feet thereof, cover it with a faire linnen cloath, and set a chafin-dish of coales in the middest of the stoole underneath the five, and the heat thereof will run up to the sive, and dry your Candy presently; then box them up, and they will keep all the year, and look very pleasantly. _To make the Rock Candies upon all Spices, Flowers, and Roots_. Take two pound of _Barbary Sugar_, Clarifie it with a pint of water, and the whites of two _Eggs_, then boyle it in a posnet to the height of _Manus Christi_, then put it into an earthen Pipkin and therewith the things that you will Candy, as _Cinamon, Ginger, Nutmegs, Rose buds, Marigolds, Eringo roots, &c._ cover it, and stop it close with clay or paste, then put it into a Still, with a leasurely fire under it, for the space of three dayes and three nights, then open the pot, and if the Candy begin to come, keep it unstopped for the space of three or four dayes more, and then leaving the Syrupe, take out the Candy, lay it on a Wyer grate, and put it in an Oven after the bread is drawne, and there let it remaine one night, and your Candy will dry. This is the best way for rock Candy, making so small a quantity. _The Candy Sucket for green Ginger, Lettice, Flowers._ Whatsoever you have Preserved, either Hearbs, Fruits, or Flowers, take them out of the Syrupe, and wash them in warm water, and dry them well, then boyle the _Sugar_ to the height of Candy, for Flowers, and draw them through it, then lay them on the bottome of a Sive, dry them before the fire, and when they are enough, box them for your use. This is that the _Comfet-makers_ use and call _Sucket Candy_. * * * * * _Of Grapes_. _Syrupe Gresta, or a Syrupe of Unripe Grapes_. Take a good basket full of unripe _Grapes_, set them three dayes in a vessel after they be gathered, stamp them, and straine out the juice out of them, take thereof six quarts, boyle it with a soft fire till the third part be consumed then four quarts will remaine, let that run through a woollen bagge, and stand till it be clear in it selfe, then take of the clearest of it, seven pints, put thereto five pound of Clarified _Sugar_, boyle them together to the thicknesse of a Syrupe, and keep it in a glasse; it is good for a perbreaking stomach, proceeding of Choller, and for a swelling stomach, it taketh away thirst and drynesse, and chollerick _Agues_, it is of great comfort to the stomach of Women being with child, it is a preservative against all manner of Venome, and against the Pestilence. * * * * * *OF PURGES.* _A Purge to drive out the French Pox, before you use the Oyntment._ Take halfe a pint of good _Aqua vitæ_, one ounce of _Treacle_ of _Gene_, one quarter of an ounce of _Spermacæti_, boyle all these together on a soft fire halfe a quarter of an hour, and let the Patient drink this as warme as he can, and lye downe in his bed, and sweat, and if any of the Disease be in his body, this will bring it forth, and bring him to an easie loosnesse; this is thought the best and surest of all other Cures for this infirmity. _The Oyntment for the French Pox._ Take _Barrowes_ grease well tryed from the filmes, beat it in a Morter till it be small and fine, put thereto of _Lethargy_ one ounce, of _Mastick_ in fine powder, two ounces, of _Olibanum_ in powder, one ounce, of Oyle of _Spike_ one ounce, Oyle of _Paliolum_ one ounce, of _Terpentine_ one quarter of a pound, beat all these together into a perfect Oyntment, and therewith annoynt these places. _What place to annoynt for the French Pox._ The principall bone in the Nape of the Neck, without the shoulder places, taking heed it come not neer the channell bone, for then it will make the throat swell, else not, the elbowes on both sides, the hip bones, the share, the knees, the hammes, and the ankles; if the Patient have no Ache, annoynt not these places, but only the sores till they be whole; if there be any knobs lying in the flesh, as many have, annoynt them often, and lay lint upon them, and brown paper upon the lint, and keep the Patient close out of the aire, and this used will make him whole in ten dayes by the grace of God. _For a paine in the ears, or deafnesse._ Take a hot loafe, of the bignesse of a Bakers penny loaf, and pull or cut it in two in the middest, and lay the middle of the crummy side to the middest, or to the hole of the ear, or ears pained, as hot as they may be endured, and so bind them fast together on all night, and then if you find any pain in either or both ears, or any noyse, put into the pained ear or ears, a drop of _Aqua vitæ_, in each, and then againe binding more hot bread to them, walk a little while, and after goe to bed; this done three or four dayes together, hath taken away the paine, hearing noyse in the ears, and much eased the deafnesse, and dullnesse of and in many. * * * * * _Of Marigolds._ _A very good Plaister to heale and dry up a Sore or Cut Suddenly._ Take of _Marigold_ leaves, _Porret_ blades or leaves, and _Housleke_, of all two handfulls, beat them all very small in a Morter, and put to them the whites of two new layd Eggs, and beat them very well till they be throughly incorporated with the Eggs, and apply this till you be well, renew it every day. _The use of Conserve of Marigolds._ Conserve of _Marigolds_ taken fasting in the morning, is good for Melancholy, cureth the trembling and shaking of the heart, is good to be used against the Plague, and Corruption of the Aire. * * * * * _Of Cherries_. _A way to dry Cherries_. Take three quarters of a pound of _Sugar_, and a pound of _Cherries_, their stalks and stones taken from them, then put a spoonfull of clean water in the Skillet, and so lay a lay of _Cherries_ and another of _Sugar_, till your quantity be out, then set them on the fire, and boyle them as fast as conveniently you can, now and then shaking them about the Skillet, for fear of burning, and when you think they are enough, and clear, then take them off the fire, and let them stand till they be halfe cold, then take them out as clear from the Syrupe as you can, and lay them one by one upon sheets of glasse, setting them either abroad in the sunne, or in a window where the sunne may continually be upon them. If they dry not so fast as you would have them, then in the turning scrape some loafe _Sugar_ finely upon them, but add no greater heat then the sunne will afford, which will be sufficient if they be well tended, and let no dew fall on them by any means, but in the evening set them in some warm Cupboard. _How to Preserve Cherries_. Take the _Cherries_ when they be new gathered off the Tree, being full ripe, put them to the bottome of your Preserving pan, weighing to every pound of _Cherries_, one pound of _sugar_, then throw some of the _sugar_ upon the _Cherries_, and set them on a very quick fire, and as they boyle throw on the rest of the _sugar_, till the Syrupe be thick enough, then take them out, and put them in a gally pot while they are warm; you may if you will, put two or three spoonfulls of _Rose-water_ to them: _To make all manner of Fruit Tarts_. You must boyle your Fruit, whether it be _Apple, Cherry, Peach, Damson, Peare, Mulberry_, or _Codling_, in faire water, and when they be boyled enough, put them into a bowle, and bruise them with a ladle, and when they be cold straine them, and put in red wine, or _Clarret_ wine, and so season it with _sugar, cinamon,_ and _ginger_. [Illustration: Cherries] _To make a close Tart of Cherries_. Take out the stones, and lay them as whole as you can in a Charger, and put _Mustard, Cinamon_, and _Sugar_, into them, and lay them into a Tart whole, and close them, then let them stand three quarters of an hour in the Oven, and then make a Syrupe of _Muskadine_, and _Damask water_ and _sugar_, and so serve it. _To make fine Pippin Tarts_. Quarter, pare, core, and stew your _Pippins_ in a Pipkin, upon very hot embers, close covered, a whole day, for they must stew softly, then put to them some whole _Cinamon_, six _Cloves_, and _sugar_ enough to make them sweet, and some _Rose-water_, and when they are stewed enough, take them off the fire, and take all the Spice from them, and break them small like _Marmalade_, having your Coffins ready made, not above an inch deep, fill them with it, and lay on a very thin cover of puffe paste, close and fit, so bake them, serve them in cold, but you must take heed you doe not over-bake them. _To make a Tart of Butter and Eggs_. Take the yolks of sixteene _Eggs_ well parted from the whites, three quarters of a pound of _Butter_ well Clarified, and straine it twice or thrice in a faire strainer, seasoned with _sugar_ and a little _Rose water_, wherein _Spinage_ first a little boyled, hath been strained, to make it green; be sure your paste be well made, and whole, and so bake it up, and serve it. * * * * * _Of Goose-Berries_. _To keep Goose-Berries_. Take a handfull or two of the worser of your _Goose-Berries_, cut off their stalks and heads, and boyle them all to pieces, in a pottell of water, putting into the boyling thereof, halfe a quarter of _sugar_, then take the liquor, straine it through a haire strainer, and while it cooleth cut off the stalks and heads of the fairest _Goose-Berries_, being very carefull you cut not the skin of them above or below; put them into a gally pot, and pour the liquor in after them. _Purslaine_ must be used as you doe the _Goose-Berries_. _The best way to Preserve Goose-Berries_. Gather them with their stalks on, cut off their heads, and stone them, then put them in scalding water, and let them stand therein covered a quarter of an hour, then take their weight in _sugar_ finely beaten, and laying first a lay of _sugar_, then one of your _Goose-Berries_, in your Preserving Skillet or pan, till all be in, putting in for every pound of _Goose-Berries_, six spoonfulls of water, set them on the embers till the _sugar_ be melted, then boyle them up as fast as you can, till the Syrupe be thick enough, and cold, and then put them up. This way serves also for _Respasses_ and _Mulberries_. * * * * * _Of Plums._ _The best way to dry Plums._ Take your _Plums_ when they are full growne, with the stalks on them, but yet green, split them on the one side, and put them in hot water, but not too hot, and so let them stand three or four hours, then to a spoonfull of them, take three quarters of a pound of _sugar_, beaten very fine, and eight spoonfulls of water to every pound, and set them on hot embers till the _sugar_ be melted, and after that boyle them till they be very tender, letting them stand in that Syrupe three dayes to plump them; then take them out, wash the Syrupe from them with warm water, and wipe them with a fine linnen cloath, very dry, and lay them on plates, and set them to dry in a Stove, for if you dry them in an Oven, they will be tough. _To Preserve Damsons._ Take _Damsons_ before they be full ripe, but new gathered off the Tree, allow to every pound of them a pound of _sugar_, put a little _Rose-water_ to them, and set them in the bottome of your pan, one by one, boyle them with a soft fire, and as they seeth strew your _sugar_ upon them, and let them boyle till the Syrupe be thick enough, then while the Syrupe is yet warme, take the _Plums_ out, and put them in a gally pot, Syrupe and all. _To Preserve Bullasses as green as grasse._ Take your _Bullasses_, as new gathered as you can, wipe them with a cloath, and prick them with a knife, and quaddle them in two waters, close covered, then take a pound of Clarified _sugar_, and a pint of _Apple water_, boyle them well together (keeping them well scummed) unto a Syrupe, and when your _Bullases_ are well dript from the water, put them into the Syrupe, and warm them three or four times at the least, at the last warming take them up, and set them a dropping from the Syrupe, and boyle the Syrupe a little by it selfe, till it come to a jelly, and then between hot and cold put them up to keep for all the year. _To Preserve Pares, Pare-Plums, Plums._ First take two pound and a halfe of fine _sugar_, and beat it small, and put it into a pretty brasse pot, with twenty spoonfulls of _Rose-water_, and when it boyleth skim it clean, then take it off the fire, and let it stand while it be almost cold, then take two pound of _Pare-plums_, and wipe them upon a faire cloath, and put them into your Syrupe when it is almost cold, and so set them upon the fire againe, and let them boyle as softly as you can, for when they are boyled enough, the kernels will be yellow, then take them up, but let your Syrupe boyle till it be thick; then put your Plums upon the fire againe, and let them boyle a walme or two, so take them from the fire, and let them stand in the vessell all night, and in the morning put them into your pot or glasse, and cover them close. * * * * * _Of Medlers._ _To Preserve Medlers._ Take the fairest _Medlers_ you can get, but let them not be too ripe, then set on faire water on the fire, and when it boyleth put in your _Medlers_, and let them boyle till they be somewhat soft, then while they are hot pill them, cut off their crowns, and take out their stones, then take to every pound of _Medlers_, three quarters of a pound of _sugar_, and a quarter of a pint of _Rose water_, seeth your Syrupe, scumming it clean, then put in your _Medlers_ one by one, the stalks downward, when your Syrupe is somewhat coole then set them on the fire againe, let them boyle softly till the Syrupe be enough, then put in a few _Cloves_ and a little _Cinamon_, and so putting them up in pots reserve them for your use. [Illustration: Medlers] _To make a Tart of Medlers._ Take _Medlers_ that be rotten, and stamp them, and set them upon a chafin dish with coales, and beat in two yolks of Eggs, boyling till it be somewhat thick, then season it with _Sugar, Cinamon_, and _Ginger_, and lay it in paste. * * * * * _Of Cucumbers._ _How to keep Cucumbers._ Take a kettle big enough for your use, halfe full of water, make it brackish with salt, boyle therein ten or twenty _Cucumbers_, cut in halves, then take the raw _Cucumbers_, being somewhat little, and put them into the vessell wherein you will keep them, and when your liquor is cold straine so much of it into them, as may keep the _Cucumbers_ alwayes covered. _To keep boyled Cucumbers._ Take a kettle of water, put salt to it, boyle it well, then take your raw _Cucumbers_, put them into it, and keep them with turning up and downe very softly, till they be as it were per-boyled, then take them out, and lay them aside till they be cold, then put them up in the vessel you will keep them in, and when the liquor is cold, straine it into them, till they be all covered. _To Pickle Cucumbers to keep all the yeare._ Pare a good quantity of the rindes of _Cucumbers_, and boyle them in a quart of running water, and a pint of wine _Vineger_, with a handfull of _salt_, till they be soft, then letting them stand till the liquor be quite cold, pour out the liquor from the rinds, into some little barrel, earthen pot, or other vessel, that may be close stopped, and put as many of the youngest _Cucumbers_ you can gather, therein, as the liquor will cover, and so keep them close covered, that no winde come to them, to use all the year till they have new; if your _Cucumbers_ be great, 'tis best to boyle them in the liquor till they be soft. * * * * * *OF COOKERY.* _To make Snow._ Take a quart of thick _Creame_, and five or six whites of _Eggs_, a sauser full of _sugar_ finely beaten, and as much _Rose water_, beat them all together, and always as it riseth take it out with a spoon, then take a loaf of _Bread_, cut away the crust, set it in a platter, and a great _Rosemary_ bush in the middest of it, then lay your Snow with a Spoon upon the _Rosemary_, and so serve it. _To make Spiced Bread._ Take two pound of Manchet paste, sweet _Butter_ halfe a pound, _Currants_ halfe a pound, _sugar_ a quarter, and a little _Mace_, if you will put in any, and make it in a loafe, and bake it in an Oven, no hotter then for Manchet. _To make Craknels._ Take five or six pints of the finest _Wheat_ flower you can get, to which you must put in a spoonfull (and not above) of good _Yest_, then mingle it well with _Butter, cream, Rose-water_, and _sugar_, finely beaten, and working it well into paste, make it after what forme you will, and bake it. _To make Veale-tooh's, or Olives._ Take the _Kidney_ of a line of _Veale_ roasted, with a good deale of the fat, and a little of the flesh, mingle it very small, and put to it two _Eggs_, one _Nutmeg_ finely grated, a good quantity of _sugar_, a few _Currants_, a little _salt_, stir them well together, and make them into the form of little _Pasties_, and fry them in a pan with sweet _Butter_. _To make a Barley Creame to procure sleepe, or Almond Milke._ Take a good handfull of French _Barley_, wash it cleane in warme water, and boyle it in a quart of fayre water to the halfe, then put out the water from the _Barley_, and put the _Barley_ into a pottell of new clean water, with a _Parsley_, and a _Fennell_ root, clean washed, and picked with _Bourage, Buglos, Violet_ leaves, and _Lettice_, of each one handfull, boyle them with the _Barley_, till more then halfe be consumed; then strayne out the liquor, and take of blanched _Almonds_ a handfull, of the seeds of _Melons, Cucumbers, Citralls_, and _Gourds_, husked, of each halfe a quarter of an ounce, beat these seeds, and the _Almonds_ together, in a stone morter, with so much _Sugar_, and _Rose-water_ as is fit, and strayne them through a cleane cloath into the liquor, and drink thereof at night going to bed, and in the night, if this doth not sufficiently provoke sleep, then make some more of the same liquor, and boyle in the same the heads, or a little of white _Poppey_. _To pickle Oysters._ Take a peck of the greatest _Oysters_, open them, and put the liquor that comes from them saved by it selfe, to as much _White-wine_, and boyle it with a pound of _Pepper_ bruised, two or three spoonfulls of large _Mace_, and a handfull of _salt_, till the liquor begin to waste away, then put in your _Oysters_, and plump them, and take them off the fire till they be cold, and so put them up in little barrels very close. _To make very fine Sausages._ Take four pound and a halfe of _Porck_, chop it small, and put to it three pound of _Beefe_ sewet, and chop them small together, then put to them a handfull of _Sage_, finely shred, one ounce of _Pepper_, one ounce of _Mace_, two ounces of _Cloves_, a good deale of _salt_, eight Eggs very well beaten before you put them in, then work them well with your hand, till they be throughly mingled, and then fill them up. Some like not the Eggs in them, it is not amisse therefore to leave them out. _To cast all kind of Sugar works into Moulds._ Take one pound of _Barabry Sugar_, Clarifie it with the white of an Egg, boyle it till it will roule between your finger and your thumb, then cast it into your standing Moulds, being watered two hours before in cold water, take it out and gild them to garnish a _Marchpine_ with them at your pleasure. _To make all kinde of turned works in fruitage, hollow._ Take the strongest bodyed _Sugar_ you can get, boyle it to the height of _Manus Christi_, take your stone, or rather pewter moulds, being made in three pieces; tye the two great pieces together with _Inkle_, then poure in your _Sugar_ being highly boyled, turne it round about your head apace, and so your fruitage will be hollow, whether it be _Orange_, or _Lemmon_, or whatsoever your Mould doth cast, after they be cast you must colour them after their naturall colours. _To make a Sallet of all kinds of Hearbs_. Take your Hearbs and pick them very fine in faire water, and pick your Flowers by themselves, and wash them clean, then swing them in a strayner, and when you put them into a dish mingle them with _Cucumbers_ or _Lemmons_ pared and sliced, also scrape _sugar_, and put in _Vineger_ and _Oyle_, then spread the Flowers on the top of the _sallet_, and with every sort of the aforesaid things garnish the dish about, then take Eggs boyled hard, and lay about the dish and upon the Sallet. _To make Fritter-stuffe_ Take fine flower, and three or four Eggs, and put into the flower, and a piece of Butter, and let them boyle all together in a dish or chaffer, and put in _sugar, cinamon, ginger_, and _rose_ water, and in the boyling put in a little grated Bread, to make it big, then put it into a dish, and beat it well together, and so put it into your mould, and fry it with clarified Butter, but your Butter may not be too hot, nor too cold. * * * * * _FINIS._ End of Project Gutenberg's A Book of Fruits and Flowers, by Anonymous *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A BOOK OF FRUITS AND FLOWERS *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. 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