[Illustration]




Stickeen

by John Muir

1909




TO
HELEN MUIR

Lover of wildness
this icy storm-story
is affectionately
dedicated




TO MY DOG BLANCO
BY J.G. HOLLAND


My dear dumb friend, low lying there,
    A willing vassal at my feet;
Glad partner of my home and fare,
    My shadow in the street;

I look into your great brown eyes,
    Where love and loyal homage shine,
And wonder where the difference lies
    Between your soul and mine!

 . . . . . . .

I scan the whole broad earth around
    For that one heart which, leal and true,
Bears friendship without end or bound,
    And find the prize in you.

 . . . . . . .

Ah, Blanco! did I worship God
    As truly as you worship me,
Or follow where my Master trod
    With your humility:

Did I sit fondly at His feet
    As you, dear Blanco, sit at mine,
And watch Him with a love as sweet,
    My life would grow divine!




STICKEEN


In the summer of 1880 I set out from Fort Wrangel in a canoe to
continue the exploration of the icy region of southeastern Alaska,
begun in the fall of 1879. After the necessary provisions, blankets,
etc., had been collected and stowed away, and my Indian crew were in
their places ready to start, while a crowd of their relatives and
friends on the wharf were bidding them good-by and good-luck, my
companion, the Rev. S.H. Young, for whom we were waiting, at last came
aboard, followed by a little black dog, that immediately made himself
at home by curling up in a hollow among the baggage. I like dogs, but
this one seemed so small and worthless that I objected to his going,
and asked the missionary why he was taking him.

“Such a little helpless creature will only be in the way,” I said; “you
had better pass him up to the Indian boys on the wharf, to be taken
home to play with the children. This trip is not likely to be good for
toy-dogs. The poor silly thing will be in rain and snow for weeks or
months, and will require care like a baby.”

But his master assured me that he would be no trouble at all; that he
was a perfect wonder of a dog, could endure cold and hunger like a
bear, swim like a seal, and was wondrous wise and cunning, etc., making
out a list of virtues to show he might be the most interesting member
of the party.

Nobody could hope to unravel the lines of his ancestry. In all the
wonderfully mixed and varied dog-tribe I never saw any creature very
much like him, though in some of his sly, soft, gliding motions and
gestures he brought the fox to mind. He was short-legged and
bunchy-bodied, and his hair, though smooth, was long and silky and
slightly waved, so that when the wind was at his back it ruffled,
making him look shaggy. At first sight his only noticeable feature was
his fine tail, which was about as airy and shady as a squirrel’s, and
was carried curling forward almost to his nose. On closer inspection
you might notice his thin sensitive ears, and sharp eyes with cunning
tan-spots above them. Mr. Young told me that when the little fellow was
a pup about the size of a woodrat he was presented to his wife by an
Irish prospector at Sitka, and that on his arrival at Fort Wrangel he
was adopted with enthusiasm by the Stickeen Indians as a sort of new
good-luck totem, was named “Stickeen” for the tribe, and became a
universal favorite; petted, protected, and admired wherever he went,
and regarded as a mysterious fountain of wisdom.

On our trip he soon proved himself a queer character—odd, concealed,
independent, keeping invincibly quiet, and doing many little puzzling
things that piqued my curiosity. As we sailed week after week through
the long intricate channels and inlets among the innumerable islands
and mountains of the coast, he spent most of the dull days in sluggish
ease, motionless, and apparently as unobserving as if in deep sleep.
But I discovered that somehow he always knew what was going on. When
the Indians were about to shoot at ducks or seals, or when anything
along the shore was exciting our attention, he would rest his chin on
the edge of the canoe and calmly look out like a dreamy-eyed tourist.
And when he heard us talking about making a landing, he immediately
roused himself to see what sort of a place we were coming to, and made
ready to jump overboard and swim ashore as soon as the canoe neared the
beach. Then, with a vigorous shake to get rid of the brine in his hair,
he ran into the woods to hunt small game. But though always the first
out of the canoe, he was always the last to get into it. When we were
ready to start he could never be found, and refused to come to our
call. We soon found out, however, that though we could not see him at
such times, he saw us, and from the cover of the briers and huckleberry
bushes in the fringe of the woods was watching the canoe with wary eye.
For as soon as we were fairly off he came trotting down the beach,
plunged into the surf, and swam after us, knowing well that we would
cease rowing and take him in. When the contrary little vagabond came
alongside, he was lifted by the neck, held at arm’s length a moment to
drip, and dropped aboard. We tried to cure him of this trick by
compelling him to swim a long way, as if we had a mind to abandon him;
but this did no good: the longer the swim the better he seemed to like
it.

Though capable of great idleness, he never failed to be ready for all
sorts of adventures and excursions. One pitch-dark rainy night we
landed about ten o’clock at the mouth of a salmon stream when the water
was phosphorescent. The salmon were running, and the myriad fins of the
onrushing multitude were churning all the stream into a silvery glow,
wonderfully beautiful and impressive in the ebon darkness. To get a
good view of the show I set out with one of the Indians and sailed up
through the midst of it to the foot of a rapid about half a mile from
camp, where the swift current dashing over rocks made the luminous glow
most glorious. Happening to look back down the stream, while the Indian
was catching a few of the struggling fish, I saw a long spreading fan
of light like the tail of a comet, which we thought must be made by
some big strange animal that was pursuing us. On it came with its
magnificent train, until we imagined we could see the monster’s head
and eyes; but it was only Stickeen, who, finding I had left the camp,
came swimming after me to see what was up.

When we camped early, the best hunter of the crew usually went to the
woods for a deer, and Stickeen was sure to be at his heels, provided I
had not gone out. For, strange to say, though I never carried a gun, he
always followed me, forsaking the hunter and even his master to share
my wanderings. The days that were too stormy for sailing I spent in the
woods, or on the adjacent mountains, wherever my studies called me; and
Stickeen always insisted on going with me, however wild the weather,
gliding like a fox through dripping huckleberry bushes and thorny
tangles of panax and rubus, scarce stirring their rain-laden leaves;
wading and wallowing through snow, swimming icy streams, skipping over
logs and rocks and the crevasses of glaciers with the patience and
endurance of a determined mountaineer, never tiring or getting
discouraged. Once he followed me over a glacier the surface of which
was so crusty and rough that it cut his feet until every step was
marked with blood; but he trotted on with Indian fortitude until I
noticed his red track, and, taking pity on him, made him a set of
moccasins out of a handkerchief. However great his troubles he never
asked help or made any complaint, as if, like a philosopher, he had
learned that without hard work and suffering there could be no pleasure
worth having.

Yet none of us was able to make out what Stickeen was really good for.
He seemed to meet danger and hardships without anything like reason,
insisted on having his own way, never obeyed an order, and the hunter
could never set him on anything, or make him fetch the birds he shot.
His equanimity was so steady it seemed due to want of feeling; ordinary
storms were pleasures to him, and as for mere rain, he flourished in it
like a vegetable. No matter what advances you might make, scarce a
glance or a tail-wag would you get for your pains. But though he was
apparently as cold as a glacier and about as impervious to fun, I tried
hard to make his acquaintance, guessing there must be something worth
while hidden beneath so much courage, endurance, and love of
wild-weathery adventure. No superannuated mastiff or bulldog grown old
in office surpassed this fluffy midget in stoic dignity. He sometimes
reminded me of a small, squat, unshakable desert cactus. For he never
displayed a single trace of the merry, tricksy, elfish fun of the
terriers and collies that we all know, nor of their touching affection
and devotion. Like children, most small dogs beg to be loved and
allowed to love; but Stickeen seemed a very Diogenes, asking only to be
let alone: a true child of the wilderness, holding the even tenor of
his hidden life with the silence and serenity of nature. His strength
of character lay in his eyes. They looked as old as the hills, and as
young, and as wild. I never tired of looking into them: it was like
looking into a landscape; but they were small and rather deep-set, and
had no explaining lines around them to give out particulars. I was
accustomed to look into the faces of plants and animals, and I watched
the little sphinx more and more keenly as an interesting study. But
there is no estimating the wit and wisdom concealed and latent in our
lower fellow mortals until made manifest by profound experiences; for
it is through suffering that dogs as well as saints are developed and
made perfect.

After exploring the Sumdum and Tahkoo fiords and their glaciers, we
sailed through Stephen’s Passage into Lynn Canal and thence through Icy
Strait into Cross Sound, searching for unexplored inlets leading toward
the great fountain ice-fields of the Fairweather Range. Here, while the
tide was in our favor, we were accompanied by a fleet of icebergs
drifting out to the ocean from Glacier Bay. Slowly we paddled around
Vancouver’s Point, Wimbledon, our frail canoe tossed like a feather on
the massive heaving swells coming in past Cape Spenser. For miles the
sound is bounded by precipitous mural cliffs, which, lashed with
wave-spray and their heads hidden in clouds, looked terribly
threatening and stern. Had our canoe been crushed or upset we could
have made no landing here, for the cliffs, as high as those of
Yosemite, sink sheer into deep water. Eagerly we scanned the wall on
the north side for the first sign of an opening fiord or harbor, all of
us anxious except Stickeen, who dozed in peace or gazed dreamily at the
tremendous precipices when he heard us talking about them. At length we
made the joyful discovery of the mouth of the inlet now called “Taylor
Bay,” and about five o’clock reached the head of it and encamped in a
spruce grove near the front of a large glacier.

While camp was being made, Joe the hunter climbed the mountain wall on
the east side of the fiord in pursuit of wild goats, while Mr. Young
and I went to the glacier. We found that it is separated from the
waters of the inlet by a tide-washed moraine, and extends, an abrupt
barrier, all the way across from wall to wall of the inlet, a distance
of about three miles. But our most interesting discovery was that it
had recently advanced, though again slightly receding. A portion of the
terminal moraine had been plowed up and shoved forward, uprooting and
overwhelming the woods on the east side. Many of the trees were down
and buried, or nearly so, others were leaning away from the ice-cliffs,
ready to fall, and some stood erect, with the bottom of the ice plow
still beneath their roots and its lofty crystal spires towering high
above their tops. The spectacle presented by these century-old trees
standing close beside a spiry wall of ice, with their branches almost
touching it, was most novel and striking. And when I climbed around the
front, and a little way up the west side of the glacier, I found that
it had swelled and increased in height and width in accordance with its
advance, and carried away the outer ranks of trees on its bank.

On our way back to camp after these first observations I planned a
far-and-wide excursion for the morrow. I awoke early, called not only
by the glacier, which had been on my mind all night, but by a grand
flood-storm. The wind was blowing a gale from the north and the rain
was flying with the clouds in a wide passionate horizontal flood, as if
it were all passing over the country instead of falling on it. The main
perennial streams were booming high above their banks, and hundreds of
new ones, roaring like the sea, almost covered the lofty gray walls of
the inlet with white cascades and falls. I had intended making a cup of
coffee and getting something like a breakfast before starting, but when
I heard the storm and looked out I made haste to join it; for many of
Nature’s finest lessons are to be found in her storms, and if careful
to keep in right relations with them, we may go safely abroad with
them, rejoicing in the grandeur and beauty of their works and ways, and
chanting with the old Norsemen, “The blast of the tempest aids our
oars, the hurricane is our servant and drives us whither we wish to
go.” So, omitting breakfast, I put a piece of bread in my pocket and
hurried away.

Mr. Young and the Indians were asleep, and so, I hoped, was Stickeen;
but I had not gone a dozen rods before he left his bed in the tent and
came boring through the blast after me. That a man should welcome
storms for their exhilarating music and motion, and go forth to see God
making landscapes, is reasonable enough; but what fascination could
there be in such tremendous weather for a dog? Surely nothing akin to
human enthusiasm for scenery or geology. Anyhow, on he came,
breakfastless, through the choking blast. I stopped and did my best to
turn him back. “Now don’t,” I said, shouting to make myself heard in
the storm, “now don’t, Stickeen. What has got into your queer noddle
now? You must be daft. This wild day has nothing for you. There is no
game abroad, nothing but weather. Go back to camp and keep warm, get a
good breakfast with your master, and be sensible for once. I can’t
carry you all day or feed you, and this storm will kill you.”

But Nature, it seems, was at the bottom of the affair, and she gains
her ends with dogs as well as with men, making us do as she likes,
shoving and pulling us along her ways, however rough, all but killing
us at times in getting her lessons driven hard home. After I had
stopped again and again, shouting good warning advice, I saw that he
was not to be shaken off; as well might the earth try to shake off the
moon. I had once led his master into trouble, when he fell on one of
the topmost jags of a mountain and dislocated his arm; now the turn of
his humble companion was coming. The pitiful little wanderer just stood
there in the wind, drenched and blinking, saying doggedly, “Where thou
goest I will go.” So at last I told him to come on if he must, and gave
him a piece of the bread I had in my pocket; then we struggled on
together, and thus began the most memorable of all my wild days.

The level flood, driving hard in our faces, thrashed and washed us
wildly until we got into the shelter of a grove on the east side of the
glacier near the front, where we stopped awhile for breath and to
listen and look out. The exploration of the glacier was my main object,
but the wind was too high to allow excursions over its open surface,
where one might be dangerously shoved while balancing for a jump on the
brink of a crevasse. In the mean time the storm was a fine study. Here
the end of the glacier, descending an abrupt swell of resisting rock
about five hundred feet high, leans forward and falls in ice cascades.
And as the storm came down the glacier from the north, Stickeen and I
were beneath the main current of the blast, while favorably located to
see and hear it. What a psalm the storm was singing, and how fresh the
smell of the washed earth and leaves, and how sweet the still small
voices of the storm! Detached wafts and swirls were coming through the
woods, with music from the leaves and branches and furrowed boles, and
even from the splintered rocks and ice-crags overhead, many of the
tones soft and low and flute-like, as if each leaf and tree, crag and
spire were a tuned reed. A broad torrent, draining the side of the
glacier, now swollen by scores of new streams from the mountains, was
rolling boulders along its rocky channel, with thudding, bumping,
muffled sounds, rushing towards the bay with tremendous energy, as if
in haste to get out of the mountains; the waters above and beneath
calling to each other, and all to the ocean, their home.

Looking southward from our shelter, we had this great torrent and the
forested mountain wall above it on our left, the spiry ice-crags on our
right, and smooth gray gloom ahead. I tried to draw the marvelous scene
in my note-book, but the rain blurred the page in spite of all my pains
to shelter it, and the sketch was almost worthless. When the wind began
to abate, I traced the east side of the glacier. All the trees standing
on the edge of the woods were barked and bruised, showing high-ice mark
in a very telling way, while tens of thousands of those that had stood
for centuries on the bank of the glacier farther out lay crushed and
being crushed. In many places I could see down fifty feet or so beneath
the margin of the glacier-mill, where trunks from one to two feet in
diameter were being ground to pulp against outstanding rock-ribs and
bosses of the bank.

About three miles above the front of the glacier I climbed to the
surface of it by means of axe-steps made easy for Stickeen. As far as
the eye could reach, the level, or nearly level, glacier stretched away
indefinitely beneath the gray sky, a seemingly boundless prairie of
ice. The rain continued, and grew colder, which I did not mind, but a
dim snowy look in the drooping clouds made me hesitate about venturing
far from land. No trace of the west shore was visible, and in case the
clouds should settle and give snow, or the wind again become violent, I
feared getting caught in a tangle of crevasses. Snow-crystals, the
flowers of the mountain clouds, are frail, beautiful things, but
terrible when flying on storm-winds in darkening, benumbing swarms or
when welded together into glaciers full of deadly crevasses. Watching
the weather, I sauntered about on the crystal sea. For a mile or two
out I found the ice remarkably safe. The marginal crevasses were mostly
narrow, while the few wider ones were easily avoided by passing around
them, and the clouds began to open here and there.

Thus encouraged, I at last pushed out for the other side; for Nature
can make us do anything she likes. At first we made rapid progress, and
the sky was not very threatening, while I took bearings occasionally
with a pocket compass to enable me to find my way back more surely in
case the storm should become blinding; but the structure lines of the
glacier were my main guide. Toward the west side we came to a closely
crevassed section in which we had to make long, narrow tacks and
doublings, tracing the edges of tremendous transverse and longitudinal
crevasses, many of which were from twenty to thirty feet wide, and
perhaps a thousand feet deep—beautiful and awful. In working a way
through them I was severely cautious, but Stickeen came on as
unhesitating as the flying clouds. The widest crevasse that I could
jump he would leap without so much as halting to take a look at it. The
weather was now making quick changes, scattering bits of dazzling
brightness through the wintry gloom; at rare intervals, when the sun
broke forth wholly free, the glacier was seen from shore to shore with
a bright array of encompassing mountains partly revealed, wearing the
clouds as garments, while the prairie bloomed and sparkled with irised
light from myriads of washed crystals. Then suddenly all the glorious
show would be darkened and blotted out.

Stickeen seemed to care for none of these things, bright or dark, nor
for the crevasses, wells, moulins, or swift flashing streams into which
he might fall. The little adventurer was only about two years old, yet
nothing seemed novel to him, nothing daunted him. He showed neither
caution nor curiosity, wonder nor fear, but bravely trotted on as if
glaciers were playgrounds. His stout, muffled body seemed all one
skipping muscle, and it was truly wonderful to see how swiftly and to
all appearance heedlessly he flashed across nerve-trying chasms six or
eight feet wide. His courage was so unwavering that it seemed to be due
to dullness of perception, as if he were only blindly bold; and I kept
warning him to be careful. For we had been close companions on so many
wilderness trips that I had formed the habit of talking to him as if he
were a boy and understood every word.

We gained the west shore in about three hours; the width of the glacier
here being about seven miles. Then I pushed northward in order to see
as far back as possible into the fountains of the Fairweather
Mountains, in case the clouds should rise. The walking was easy along
the margin of the forest, which, of course, like that on the other
side, had been invaded and crushed by the swollen, overflowing glacier.
In an hour or so, after passing a massive headland, we came suddenly on
a branch of the glacier, which, in the form of a magnificent
ice-cascade two miles wide, was pouring over the rim of the main basin
in a westerly direction, its surface broken into wave-shaped blades and
shattered blocks, suggesting the wildest updashing, heaving, plunging
motion of a great river cataract. Tracing it down three or four miles,
I found that it discharged into a lake, filling it with icebergs.

I would gladly have followed the lake outlet to tide-water, but the day
was already far spent, and the threatening sky called for haste on the
return trip to get off the ice before dark. I decided therefore to go
no farther, and, after taking a general view of the wonderful region,
turned back, hoping to see it again under more favorable auspices. We
made good speed up the cañon of the great ice-torrent, and out on the
main glacier until we had left the west shore about two miles behind
us. Here we got into a difficult network of crevasses, the gathering
clouds began to drop misty fringes, and soon the dreaded snow came
flying thick and fast. I now began to feel anxious about finding a way
in the blurring storm. Stickeen showed no trace of fear. He was still
the same silent, able little hero. I noticed, however, that after the
storm-darkness came on he kept close up behind me. The snow urged us to
make still greater haste, but at the same time hid our way. I pushed on
as best I could, jumping innumerable crevasses, and for every hundred
rods or so of direct advance traveling a mile in doubling up and down
in the turmoil of chasms and dislocated ice-blocks. After an hour or
two of this work we came to a series of longitudinal crevasses of
appalling width, and almost straight and regular in trend, like immense
furrows. These I traced with firm nerve, excited and strengthened by
the danger, making wide jumps, poising cautiously on their dizzy edges
after cutting hollows for my feet before making the spring, to avoid
possible slipping or any uncertainty on the farther sides, where only
one trial is granted—exercise at once frightful and inspiring. Stickeen
followed seemingly without effort.

Many a mile we thus traveled, mostly up and down, making but little
real headway in crossing, running instead of walking most of the time
as the danger of being compelled to spend the night on the glacier
became threatening. Stickeen seemed able for anything. Doubtless we
could have weathered the storm for one night, dancing on a flat spot to
keep from freezing, and I faced the threat without feeling anything
like despair; but we were hungry and wet, and the wind from the
mountains was still thick with snow and bitterly cold, so of course
that night would have seemed a very long one. I could not see far
enough through the blurring snow to judge in which general direction
the least dangerous route lay, while the few dim, momentary glimpses I
caught of mountains through rifts in the flying clouds were far from
encouraging either as weather signs or as guides. I had simply to grope
my way from crevasse to crevasse, holding a general direction by the
ice-structure, which was not to be seen everywhere, and partly by the
wind. Again and again I was put to my mettle, but Stickeen followed
easily, his nerve apparently growing more unflinching as the danger
increased. So it always is with mountaineers when hard beset. Running
hard and jumping, holding every minute of the remaining daylight, poor
as it was, precious, we doggedly persevered and tried to hope that
every difficult crevasse we overcame would prove to be the last of its
kind. But on the contrary, as we advanced they became more deadly
trying.

At length our way was barred by a very wide and straight crevasse,
which I traced rapidly northward a mile or so without finding a
crossing or hope of one; then down the glacier about as far, to where
it united with another uncrossable crevasse. In all this distance of
perhaps two miles there was only one place where I could possibly jump
it, but the width of this jump was the utmost I dared attempt, while
the danger of slipping on the farther side was so great that I was
loath to try it. Furthermore, the side I was on was about a foot higher
than the other, and even with this advantage the crevasse seemed
dangerously wide. One is liable to underestimate the width of crevasses
where the magnitudes in general are great, I therefore stared at this
one mighty keenly, estimating its width and the shape of the edge on
the farther side, until I thought that I could jump it if necessary,
but that in case I should be compelled to jump back from the lower side
I might fail. Now, a cautious mountaineer seldom takes a step on
unknown ground which seems at all dangerous that he cannot retrace in
case he should be stopped by unseen obstacles ahead. This is the rule
of mountaineers who live long, and, though in haste, I compelled myself
to sit down and calmly deliberate before I broke it.

Retracing my devious path in imagination as if it were drawn on a
chart, I saw that I was recrossing the glacier a mile or two farther up
stream than the course pursued in the morning, and that I was now
entangled in a section I had not before seen. Should I risk this
dangerous jump, or try to regain the woods on the west shore, make a
fire, and have only hunger to endure while waiting for a new day? I had
already crossed so broad a stretch of dangerous ice that I saw it would
be difficult to get back to the woods through the storm, before dark,
and the attempt would most likely result in a dismal night-dance on the
glacier; while just beyond the present barrier the surface seemed more
promising, and the east shore was now perhaps about as near as the
west. I was therefore eager to go on. But this wide jump was a dreadful
obstacle.

At length, because of the dangers already behind me, I determined to
venture against those that might be ahead, jumped and landed well, but
with so little to spare that I more than ever dreaded being compelled
to take that jump back from the lower side. Stickeen followed, making
nothing of it, and we ran eagerly forward, hoping we were leaving all
our troubles behind. But within the distance of a few hundred yards we
were stopped by the widest crevasse yet encountered. Of course I made
haste to explore it, hoping all might yet be remedied by finding a
bridge or a way around either end. About three-fourths of a mile
upstream I found that it united with the one we had just crossed, as I
feared it would. Then, tracing it down, I found it joined the same
crevasse at the lower end also, maintaining throughout its whole course
a width of forty to fifty feet. Thus to my dismay I discovered that we
were on a narrow island about two miles long, with two barely possible
ways of escape: one back by the way we came, the other ahead by an
almost inaccessible sliver-bridge that crossed the great crevasse from
near the middle of it!

After this nerve-trying discovery I ran back to the sliver-bridge and
cautiously examined it. Crevasses, caused by strains from variations in
the rate of motion of different parts of the glacier and convexities in
the channel, are mere cracks when they first open, so narrow as hardly
to admit the blade of a pocket-knife, and gradually widen according to
the extent of the strain and the depth of the glacier. Now some of
these cracks are interrupted, like the cracks in wood, and in opening,
the strip of ice between overlapping ends is dragged out, and may
maintain a continuous connection between the sides, just as the two
sides of a slivered crack in wood that is being split are connected.
Some crevasses remain open for months or even years, and by the melting
of their sides continue to increase in width long after the opening
strain has ceased; while the sliver-bridges, level on top at first and
perfectly safe, are at length melted to thin, vertical, knife-edged
blades, the upper portion being most exposed to the weather; and since
the exposure is greatest in the middle, they at length curve downward
like the cables of suspension bridges. This one was evidently very old,
for it had been weathered and wasted until it was the most dangerous
and inaccessible that ever lay in my way. The width of the crevasse was
here about fifty feet, and the sliver crossing diagonally was about
seventy feet long; its thin knife-edge near the middle was depressed
twenty-five or thirty feet below the level of the glacier, and the
upcurving ends were attached to the sides eight or ten feet below the
brink. Getting down the nearly vertical wall to the end of the sliver
and up the other side were the main difficulties, and they seemed all
but insurmountable. Of the many perils encountered in my years of
wandering on mountains and glaciers none seemed so plain and stern and
merciless as this. And it was presented when we were wet to the skin
and hungry, the sky dark with quick driving snow, and the night near.
But we were forced to face it. It was a tremendous necessity.

Beginning, not immediately above the sunken end of the bridge, but a
little to one side, I cut a deep hollow on the brink for my knees to
rest in. Then, leaning over, with my short-handled axe I cut a step
sixteen or eighteen inches below, which on account of the sheerness of
the wall was necessarily shallow. That step, however, was well made;
its floor sloped slightly inward and formed a good hold for my heels.
Then, slipping cautiously upon it, and crouching as low as possible,
with my left side toward the wall, I steadied myself against the wind
with my left hand in a slight notch, while with the right I cut other
similar steps and notches in succession, guarding against losing
balance by glinting of the axe, or by wind-gusts, for life and death
were in every stroke and in the niceness of finish of every foothold.

After the end of the bridge was reached I chipped it down until I had
made a level platform six or eight inches wide, and it was a trying
thing to poise on this little slippery platform while bending over to
get safely astride of the sliver. Crossing was then comparatively easy
by chipping off the sharp edge with short, careful strokes, and
hitching forward an inch or two at a time, keeping my balance with my
knees pressed against the sides. The tremendous abyss on either hand I
studiously ignored. To me the edge of that blue sliver was then all the
world. But the most trying part of the adventure, after working my way
across inch by inch and chipping another small platform, was to rise
from the safe position astride and to cut a step-ladder in the nearly
vertical face of the wall,—chipping, climbing, holding on with feet and
fingers in mere notches. At such times one’s whole body is eye, and
common skill and fortitude are replaced by power beyond our call or
knowledge. Never before had I been so long under deadly strain. How I
got up that cliff I never could tell. The thing seemed to have been
done by somebody else. I never have held death in contempt, though in
the course of my explorations I have oftentimes felt that to meet one’s
fate on a noble mountain, or in the heart of a glacier, would be
blessed as compared with death from disease, or from some shabby
lowland accident. But the best death, quick and crystal-pure, set so
glaringly open before us, is hard enough to face, even though we feel
gratefully sure that we have already had happiness enough for a dozen
lives.

But poor Stickeen, the wee, hairy, sleekit beastie, think of him! When
I had decided to dare the bridge, and while I was on my knees chipping
a hollow on the rounded brow above it, he came behind me, pushed his
head past my shoulder, looked down and across, scanned the sliver and
its approaches with his mysterious eyes, then looked me in the face
with a startled air of surprise and concern, and began to mutter and
whine; saying as plainly as if speaking with words, “Surely, you are
not going into that awful place.” This was the first time I had seen
him gaze deliberately into a crevasse, or into my face with an eager,
speaking, troubled look. That he should have recognized and appreciated
the danger at the first glance showed wonderful sagacity. Never before
had the daring midget seemed to know that ice was slippery or that
there was any such thing as danger anywhere. His looks and tones of
voice when he began to complain and speak his fears were so human that
I unconsciously talked to him in sympathy as I would to a frightened
boy, and in trying to calm his fears perhaps in some measure moderated
my own. “Hush your fears, my boy,” I said, “we will get across safe,
though it is not going to be easy. No right way is easy in this rough
world. We must risk our lives to save them. At the worst we can only
slip, and then how grand a grave we will have, and by and by our nice
bones will do good in the terminal moraine.”

But my sermon was far from reassuring him: he began to cry, and after
taking another piercing look at the tremendous gulf, ran away in
desperate excitement, seeking some other crossing. By the time he got
back, baffled of course, I had made a step or two. I dared not look
back, but he made himself heard; and when he saw that I was certainly
bent on crossing he cried aloud in despair. The danger was enough to
daunt anybody, but it seems wonderful that he should have been able to
weigh and appreciate it so justly. No mountaineer could have seen it
more quickly or judged it more wisely, discriminating between real and
apparent peril.

When I gained the other side, he screamed louder than ever, and after
running back and forth in vain search for a way of escape, he would
return to the brink of the crevasse above the bridge, moaning and
wailing as if in the bitterness of death. Could this be the silent,
philosophic Stickeen? I shouted encouragement, telling him the bridge
was not so bad as it looked, that I had left it flat and safe for his
feet, and he could walk it easily. But he was afraid to try. Strange so
small an animal should be capable of such big, wise fears. I called
again and again in a reassuring tone to come on and fear nothing; that
he could come if he would only try. He would hush for a moment, look
down again at the bridge, and shout his unshakable conviction that he
could never, never come that way; then lie back in despair, as if
howling, “O-o-oh! what a place! No-o-o, I can never go-o-o down there!”
His natural composure and courage had vanished utterly in a tumultuous
storm of fear. Had the danger been less, his distress would have seemed
ridiculous. But in this dismal, merciless abyss lay the shadow of
death, and his heartrending cries might well have called Heaven to his
help. Perhaps they did. So hidden before, he was now transparent, and
one could see the workings of his heart and mind like the movements of
a clock out of its case. His voice and gestures, hopes and fears, were
so perfectly human that none could mistake them; while he seemed to
understand every word of mine. I was troubled at the thought of having
to leave him out all night, and of the danger of not finding him in the
morning. It seemed impossible to get him to venture. To compel him to
try through fear of being abandoned, I started off as if leaving him to
his fate, and disappeared back of a hummock; but this did no good; he
only lay down and moaned in utter hopeless misery. So, after hiding a
few minutes, I went back to the brink of the crevasse and in a severe
tone of voice shouted across to him that now I must certainly leave
him, I could wait no longer, and that, if he would not come, all I
could promise was that I would return to seek him next day. I warned
him that if he went back to the woods the wolves would kill him, and
finished by urging him once more by words and gestures to come on, come
on.

He knew very well what I meant, and at last, with the courage of
despair, hushed and breathless, he crouched down on the brink in the
hollow I had made for my knees, pressed his body against the ice as if
trying to get the advantage of the friction of every hair, gazed into
the first step, put his little feet together and slid them slowly,
slowly over the edge and down into it, bunching all four in it and
almost standing on his head. Then, without lifting his feet, as well as
I could see through the snow, he slowly worked them over the edge of
the step and down into the next and the next in succession in the same
way, and gained the end of the bridge. Then, lifting his feet with the
regularity and slowness of the vibrations of a seconds pendulum, as if
counting and measuring one-two-three, holding himself steady against
the gusty wind, and giving separate attention to each little step, he
gained the foot of the cliff, while I was on my knees leaning over to
give him a lift should he succeed in getting within reach of my arm.
Here he halted in dead silence, and it was here I feared he might fail,
for dogs are poor climbers. I had no cord. If I had had one, I would
have dropped a noose over his head and hauled him up. But while I was
thinking whether an available cord might be made out of clothing, he
was looking keenly into the series of notched steps and finger-holds I
had made, as if counting them, and fixing the position of each one of
them in his mind. Then suddenly up he came in a springy rush, hooking
his paws into the steps and notches so quickly that I could not see how
it was done, and whizzed past my head, safe at last!

And now came a scene! “Well done, well done, little boy! Brave boy!” I
cried, trying to catch and caress him; but he would not be caught.
Never before or since have I seen anything like so passionate a
revulsion from the depths of despair to exultant, triumphant,
uncontrollable joy. He flashed and darted hither and thither as if
fairly demented, screaming and shouting, swirling round and round in
giddy loops and circles like a leaf in a whirlwind, lying down, and
rolling over and over, sidewise and heels over head, and pouring forth
a tumultuous flood of hysterical cries and sobs and gasping mutterings.
When I ran up to him to shake him, fearing he might die of joy, he
flashed off two or three hundred yards, his feet in a mist of motion;
then, turning suddenly, came back in a wild rush and launched himself
at my face, almost knocking me down, all the time screeching and
screaming and shouting as if saying, “Saved! saved! saved!” Then away
again, dropping suddenly at times with his feet in the air, trembling
and fairly sobbing. Such passionate emotion was enough to kill him.
Moses’ stately song of triumph after escaping the Egyptians and the Red
Sea was nothing to it. Who could have guessed the capacity of the dull,
enduring little fellow for all that most stirs this mortal frame?
Nobody could have helped crying with him!

But there is nothing like work for toning down excessive fear or joy.
So I ran ahead, calling him in as gruff a voice as I could command to
come on and stop his nonsense, for we had far to go and it would soon
be dark. Neither of us feared another trial like this. Heaven would
surely count one enough for a lifetime. The ice ahead was gashed by
thousands of crevasses, but they were common ones. The joy of
deliverance burned in us like fire, and we ran without fatigue, every
muscle with immense rebound glorying in its strength. Stickeen flew
across everything in his way, and not till dark did he settle into his
normal fox-like trot. At last the cloudy mountains came in sight, and
we soon felt the solid rock beneath our feet, and were safe. Then came
weakness. Danger had vanished, and so had our strength. We tottered
down the lateral moraine in the dark, over boulders and tree trunks,
through the bushes and devil-club thickets of the grove where we had
sheltered ourselves in the morning, and across the level mud-slope of
the terminal moraine. We reached camp about ten o’clock, and found a
big fire and a big supper. A party of Hoona Indians had visited Mr.
Young, bringing a gift of porpoise meat and wild strawberries, and
Hunter Joe had brought in a wild goat. But we lay down, too tired to
eat much, and soon fell into a troubled sleep. The man who said, “The
harder the toil, the sweeter the rest,” never was profoundly tired.
Stickeen kept springing up and muttering in his sleep, no doubt
dreaming that he was still on the brink of the crevasse; and so did I,
that night and many others long afterward, when I was overtired.

Thereafter Stickeen was a changed dog. During the rest of the trip,
instead of holding aloof, he always lay by my side, tried to keep me
constantly in sight, and would hardly accept a morsel of food, however
tempting, from any hand but mine. At night, when all was quiet about
the camp-fire, he would come to me and rest his head on my knee with a
look of devotion as if I were his god. And often as he caught my eye he
seemed to be trying to say, “Wasn’t that an awful time we had together
on the glacier?”

Nothing in after years has dimmed that Alaska storm-day. As I write it
all comes rushing and roaring to mind as if I were again in the heart
of it. Again I see the gray flying clouds with their rain-floods and
snow, the ice-cliffs towering above the shrinking forest, the majestic
ice-cascade, the vast glacier outspread before its white mountain
fountains, and in the heart of it the tremendous crevasse,—emblem of
the valley of the shadow of death,—low clouds trailing over it, the
snow falling into it; and on its brink I see little Stickeen, and I
hear his cries for help and his shouts of joy. I have known many dogs,
and many a story I could tell of their wisdom and devotion; but to none
do I owe so much as to Stickeen. At first the least promising and least
known of my dog-friends, he suddenly became the best known of them all.
Our storm-battle for life brought him to light, and through him as
through a window I have ever since been looking with deeper sympathy
into all my fellow mortals.

None of Stickeen’s friends knows what finally became of him. After my
work for the season was done I departed for California, and I never saw
the dear little fellow again. In reply to anxious inquiries his master
wrote me that in the summer of 1883 he was stolen by a tourist at Fort
Wrangel and taken away on a steamer. His fate is wrapped in mystery.
Doubtless he has left this world—crossed the last crevasse—and gone to
another. But he will not be forgotten. To me Stickeen is immortal.