The Project Gutenberg eBook, The History of the Remarkable Life of John Sheppard, by Daniel Defoe This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: The History of the Remarkable Life of John Sheppard Author: Daniel Defoe Release Date: November 16, 2004 [eBook #14065] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE HISTORY OF THE REMARKABLE LIFE OF JOHN SHEPPARD*** E-text prepared by Steven Gibbs and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team THE HISTORY OF THE REMARKABLE LIFE OF JOHN SHEPPARD Containing a Particular Account of His Many Robberies and Escapes, _Viz_. His robbing the Shop of Mr. _Bains_ in White-Horse-Yard of 24 Yards of Fustian. Of his breaking and entering the House of the said Mr. _Bains_, and stealing in Goods and Money to the Value of 20 l. Of his robbing the House of Mr. _Charles_ in _May Fair_ of Money, Rings, Plate, &c to the Value of 30 l. Of his robbing the House of Mrs. _Cook_ in _Clare-Market,_ along with his pretended Wife, and his Brother, to the Value of between 50 and 60 l. Of his breaking the Shop of Mr. _Philips_ in _Drury-Lane,_ with the same Persons, and stealing Goods of small Value. Of his entering the House of Mr. _Carter_, a Mathematical Instrument Maker in _Wytch Street_, along with _Anthony Lamb_ and _Charles Grace_, and robbing of Mr. _Barton_, a Master Taylor who lodged therein, of Goods and Bonds to the Value of near 300 l. Of his breaking and entering the House of Mr. _Kneebone_, a Woollen-Draper, near the _New Church_ in the _Strand_, in Company of _Joseph Blake_ alias _Blewskin_ and _William Field_, and stealing Goods to the Value of near 50 l. Of his robbing of Mr. _Pargiter_ on the Highway near the Turnpike, on the Road _Hampstead_, along with the said _Blewskin_. Of his robbing a Lady's Woman in her Mistress's Coach on the same Road. Of his robbing also a Stage Coach, with the said _Blewskin_, on the _Hampstead_ Road. Likewise of his breaking the Shop of Mr. _Martin_ in _Fleet-street,_ and stealing 3 silver Watches of 15 l. Value. ALSO-- A particular Account of his rescuing his pretended Wife from St. _Giles's_ Round House. Of the wonderful Escape himself made from the said Round-House. Of the miraculous Escape he and his said pretended Wife made together from _New-Prison_, on the 25th of _May_ last. Of his surprizing Escape from the Condemn'd Hold of _Newgate_ on the 31st of _August_: Together with the true manner of his being retaken; and of his Behaviour in _Newgate_, till the most astonishing, and never to be forgotten Escape he made from thence, in the Night of the 15th of October. The Whole taken from the most authentick Accounts, as the Informations of divers Justices of the Peace, the several Shop-keepers above-mentioned, the principal Officers of _Newgate_ and _New Prison_, and from the Confession of _Sheppard_ made to the Rev. Mr. _Wagstaff_, who officiated for the Ordinary at _Newgate_. _LONDON_: Printed and sold by JOHN APLEDEE in _Black-Fryers_, J. ISTED, at the _Golden-Ball_ near _Chancery Lane_ in _Fleet Street_, and the Booksellers of _London_ and _Westminster._ (Price One Shilling.) TO THE CITIZENS OF _London_ and _Westminster_. GENTLEMEN, _Experience has confirm'd you in that everlasting_ Maxim, _that there is no other way to protect the_ Innocent, _but by Punishing the_ Guilty. _Crimes ever were, and ever must be unavoidably frequent in such populous Cities as yours are, being the necessary Consequences, either of the_ Wants, _or the Depravity, of the lowest part of the_ humane _Species_. _At this time the most flagrant Offences, as_ Burning of Dwellings; Burglaries, _and_ Highway Robberies _abound; and_ Frauds _common_ Felonies, _and_ Forgeries _are practic'd without Number; thus not only your Properties, but even your very Lives are every way struck at_. _The_ Legislative Power _has not been wanting in providing necessary and wholesome Laws against these_ Evils, _the executive part whereof (according to your great Privileges) is lodged in your own Hands: And the Administration hath at all times applyed proper Remedies and Regulations to the_ Defects _which have happen'd in the_ Magistracy _more immediately under their Jurisdiction_. _Through the just and salutary Severities of the Magistrates, publick excessive_ Gaming _has been in a manner Surpress'd; and some late Examples of divine Vengeance have overtaken certain of the most notorious lewd_ Prostitutes _of the Town, which together with the laudable endeavours of the great and worthy_ Societies, _has given no small check to that enormous and spreading_ Vice. _But here's a_ Criminal _bids Defiance to your_ Laws, _and _Justice _who declar'd and has manifested that the_ Bars _are not made that can either keep him_ Out, _or keep him_ In, _and accordingly hath a second time fled from the very_ Bosom Of Death. _His History will astonish! and is not compos'd of Fiction, Fable, or Stories plac'd at York_, Rome, _or_ Jamaica, _but_ Facts _done at your Doors_, Facts _unheard of, altogether new, Incredible, and yet Uncontestable_. _He is gone once more upon his wicked Range in the World. Restless Vengeance is pursuing, and_ Gentlemen '_tis to be hoped that she will be assisted by your Endeavours to bring to Justice this notorious Offender_. THE LIFE OF _JOHN SHEPPARD, &c._ This _John Sheppard_, a Youth both in Age and Person, tho' an old Man in Sin; was Born in the Parish of _Stepney_ near _London_, in the Year 1702, a Son, Grandson, and great Grandson of a _Carpenter_: His Father died when he was so very Young that he could not recollect that ever he saw him. Thus the burthen of his Maintenance, together with his Brother's and Sister's, lay upon the Shoulders of the Widow Mother, who soon procured an Admittance of her Son _John_ into the _Work-House_ in _Bishopsgate-street,_ where he continued for the space of a Year and half, and in that time received an Education sufficient to qualifie him for the Trade his Mother design'd him, _viz_. a _Carpenter_: Accordingly she was recommended to Mr. _Wood_ in _Witch-Street_ near _Drury-Lane_, as a Master capable of entertaining and instructing her Son: They agreed and Bound he was for the space of seven Years; the Lad proved an early proficient, had a ready and ingenious Hand, and soon became Master of his Business, and gave entire Satisfaction to his Master Customers, and had the Character of a very sober and orderly Boy. But alas unhappy Youth! before he had compleated six Years of his Apprenticeship, he commenced a fatal Acquaintance with one _Elizabeth Lyon_, otherwise call'd _Edgworth Bess_, from a Town of that Name in _Middlesex_ where she was Born, the reputed Wife of a Foot Soldier, and who lived a wicked and debauch'd Life; and our young _Carpenter_ became Enamour'd of her, and they must Cohabit together as Man and Wife. Now was laid the Foundation of his Ruin; _Sheppard_ grows weary of the Yoke of Servitude, and began to dispute with his Master; telling him that his way of Jobbing from House to House was not sufficient to furnish him with a due Experience in his Trade; and that if he would not set out to undertake some Buildings, he would step into the World for better Information. Mr. _Wood_ a mild, sober, honest Man, indulg'd him; and Mrs. _Wood_ with Tears, exhorted him against the Company of this lewd Prostitute: But her Man prompted and harden'd by his HARLOT, D--- n'd _her Blood_, and threw a Stick at his Mistress, and beat her to the Ground. And being with his Master at Work at Mr. _Britt's_ the _Sun_ Ale-house near _Islington_, upon a very trivial Occasion fell upon his Master, and beat and bruised him in a most barbarous and shameful Manner. Such a sudden and deplorable Change was there in the Behaviour of this promising young Man. Next ensued a neglect of Duty, both to God and his Master, lying out of Nights, perpetual Jarrings, and Animosities; these and such like, were the Consequences of his intimacy with this she _Lyon_; who by the sequel will appear to have been a main loadstone in attracting of him up to this Eminence of Guilt. Mr. _Wood_ having Reason to suspect, that _Sheppard_ had robb'd a Neighbour, began to be in great Fear and Terror for himself. And when his Man came not Home in due season at Nights bar'd him out; but he made a mere jest of the Locks and Bolts, and enter'd in, and out at Pleasure; and when Mr. _Wood_ and his Wife have had all the Reason in the World to believe him Lock't out, they have found him very quiet in his Bed the next Morning, such was the power of his early Magick. _Edgworth Bess_ having stol'n a Gold Ring from a Gentleman, whom she had pick'd up in the Streets, was sent to St. _Giles's_ Round-house; _Sheppard_ went immediately to his Consort, and after a short Discourse with Mr. _Brown_ the Beadle, and his Wife, who had the Care of the Place, he fell upon the poor old Couple, took the Keys from them, and let his Lady out at the Door in spight of all the Out-cryes, and Opposition they were capable of making. About _July_ 1723, He was by his Master sent to perform a Repair, at the House of Mr. _Bains_, a Piece-Broker in _White-Horse Yard_; he from thence stole a Roll of Fustain, containing 24 Yards, which was afterwards found in his Trunk. This is supposed to be the first Robbery he ever committed and it was not long e're he Repeated another upon this same Mr. _Bains_, by breaking into his House in the Night-time, and taking out of the _Till_ seven Pounds in Money, and Goods to the value of fourteen Pounds more. How he enter'd this House, was a Secret till his being last committed to _Newgate_, when he confessed that he took up the Iron Bars at the Cellar Window, and after he had done his Business, he nailed them down again, so that Mr. _Bains_ never believed his House had been broke; and an innocent Woman a Lodger in the House lay all the while under the weight of a suspicion of committing the Robbery. _Sheppard_ and his Master had now parted, ten Months before the expiration of his Apprenticeship, a woeful parting to the former; he was gone from a good and careful Patronage, and lay expos'd to, and comply'd with the Temptations of the most wicked Wretches this Town could afford as _Joseph Blake_, alias _Blewskins, William Field, Doleing, James Sykes_, alias _Hell_ and _Fury_, which last was the first that betray'd, and put him into the Hands of Justice, as will presently appear. Having deserted his Master's Service, he took Shelter in the House of Mr. _Charles_ in _May-Fair_, near _Piccadilly_, and his Landlord having a Necessity for some Repairs in his House, engag'd one Mr. _Panton_ a _Carpenter_ to Undertake them, and _Sheppard_ to assist him as a Journeyman; but on the 23rd of _October_, 1723, e're the Work was compleat, _Sheppard_ took Occasion to rob the People of the Effects following, _viz._ seven Pound ten Shillings in Specie, five large silver Spoons, six plain Forks ditto, four Tea-Spoons, six plain Gold Rings, and a Cypher Ring; four Suits of Wearing Apparel, besides Linnen, to a considerable value. This Fact he confess'd to the Reverend Mr. _Wagstaff_ before his Escape from the Condemn'd Hold of _Newgate_. _Sheppard_ had a Brother, nam'd _Thomas_, a _Carpenter_ by Profession, tho' a notorious Thief and House-breaker by Practice. This _Thomas_ being committed to _Newgate_ for breaking the House of Mrs. _Mary Cook_ a _Linnen-Draper_, in _Clare-street, Clare-Market_, on the 5th of _February_ last, and stealing Goods to the value of between 50, and 60 l. he impeach'd his Brother _John Sheppard_, and _Edgworth Bess_ as being concerned with him in the Fact; and these three were also Charg'd with being concern'd together, in breaking the House of Mr. _William Phillips_ in _Drury-Lane_, and stealing divers Goods, the Property of Mrs. _Kendrick_ a Lodger in the House, on the 14th of the said _February_: All possible endeavours were us'd by Mrs. _Cook_ and Mr. _Phillips_, to get _John Sheppard_ and _Edgworth Bess_ Apprehended, but to no purpose, till the following Accident. _Sheppard_ was now upon his wicked Range in _London_, committing Robberies every where at Discretion; but one Day meeting with his Acquaintance, _James Sykes_, alias _Hell_ and _Fury_, sometimes a Chair-man, and at others a Running Foot-man. This _Sykes_ invited him to go to one _Redgate's_, a Victualling-house near the _Seven Dials_, to play at _Skettles_, _Sheppard_ comply'd, and _Sykes_ secretly sent for Mr. _Price_ a Constable in St. _Giles's Parish_, and Charg'd him with his Friend _Sheppard_ for the Robbing of Mrs. _Cook_, &c. _Sheppard_ was carried before Justice _Parry_, who order'd him to St. _Giles's_ Round-house till the next Morning for farther Examination: He was Confin'd in the Upper part of the Place, being two Stories from the Ground, but 'ere two Hours came about, by only the help of a Razor, and the Stretcher of a Chair, he broke open the Top of the Round house, and tying together a Sheet and Blanket, by them descended into the Church-yard and Escap'd, leaving the Parish to Repair the Damage, and Repent of the Affront put upon his Skill and Capacity. On the 19th of _May_ last in the Evening, _Sheppard_ with another Robber named _Benson_, were passing thro' _Leicester-fields_, where a Gentleman stood accusing a Woman with an attempt to steal his Watch, a Mobb was gathered about the Disputants, and _Sheppard's_ Companion being a _Master_, got in amongst them and pick'd the Gentleman's Pocket in good earnest of the Watch; the Scene was surprizingly chang'd, from an imaginary Robbery to a real one; and in a moment ensued an Out-cry of _stop Thief_, _Sheppard_ and _Benson_ took to their Heels, and _Sheppard_ was seiz'd by a Serjeant of the Guard at _Leicester_ House, crying out _stop Thief_ with much earnestness. He was convey'd to St. _Ann's Round House_ in _Soho_, and kept secure till the next Morning, when _Edgworth Bess_ came to visit him, who was seiz'd also; they were carried before Justice _Walters_, when the People in _Drury-Lane_ and _Clare-Market_ appeared, and charged them with the Robberies aforemention'd: But _Sheppard_ pretending to Impeach certain of his Accomplices, the Justice committed them to _New-Prison_, with intent to have them soon removed to _Newgate_, unless there came from them some useful Discoveries. _Sheppard_ was now a second time in the hands of Justice, but how long he intended to keep in them, the Reader will soon be able to Judge. He and his MATE were now in a strong and well guarded Prison, himself loaded with a pair of double _Links_ and _Basils_[17] of about fourteen pounds weight, and confined together in the safest Appartment call'd _Newgate Ward_; _Sheppard_ conscious of his Crimes, and knowing the _Information_ he had made to be but a blind Amusement that would avail him nothing; he began to Meditate an Escape. They had been thus detained for about four Days, and their Friends having the Liberty of seeing them, furnish'd him with Implements proper for his Design, accordingly Mr. _Sheppard_ goes to work, and on the 25th of May being _Whit-son Monday_ at about two of the Clock in the Morning, he had compleated a practicable breach, and sawed of his Fetters; having with unheard of Diligence and Dexterity, cut off an Iron Bar from the Window, and taken out a Muntin, or Bar of the most solid Oak of about nine Inches in thickness, by boring it thro' in many Places, a work of great Skill and Labour; they had still five and twenty Foot to descend from the Ground; _Sheppard_ fasten'd a Sheet and Blanket to the Bars, and causes Madam to take off her Gown and Petticoat, and sent her out first, and she being more Corpulent than himself, it was with great Pain and Difficulty that he got her through the Interval, and observing his Directions, was instantly down, and more frighted than hurt; the _Phylosopher_ follow'd, and lighted with Ease and Pleasure; But where are they Escap'd to? Why out of one Prison into another. The Reader is to understand, that the _New Prison_ and _Clerkenwell Bridewell_ lye Contiguous to one another, and they are got into the Yard of the latter, and have a Wall of twenty-two Foot high to Scale, before their Liberty is perfected; _Sheppard_ far from being unprepared to surmount this Difficulty, has his Gimblets and Peircers ready, and makes a Scaleing-Ladder. The Keepers and Prisoners of both Places are a sleep in their Beds; he Mounts his _Bagage_, and in less than ten Minutes carries both her and himself over this wall, and compleats an entire Escape. Altho' his Escape from the Condemn'd Hold of _Newgate_, has made a far greater Noise in the World, than that from this Prison hath. It has been allow'd by all the Jayl-Keepers in _London_, that one so Miraculous was never perform'd before in _England_; the broken Chains and Bars are kept at _New Prison_ to Testifie, and preserve the Memory of this extraordinary Villain. _Sheppard_ not warn'd by this Admonition, returns like a _Dog to his Vomit_, and comes Secretly into his Master _Wood's_ Neighbourhood in _Witch-street_, and conceits Measures with one _Anthony Lamb_, an Apprentice to Mr. _Carter_ a Mathematical Instrument-maker, for Robbing of Mr. _Barton_ a Master Taylor; a Man of Worth and Reputation, who Lodg'd in Mr. _Carter's_ House. _Charles Grace_, a graceless Cooper was let into the Secret, and consented, and resolved to Act his Part. The 16th of _June_ last was appointed, _Lamb_ accordingly lets _Grace_ and _Sheppard_ into the House at Mid-Night; and they all go up to Mr. _Bartons_ Appartment well arm'd with Pistols, and enter'd his Rooms, without being disturb'd. _Grace_ was Posted at Mr. _Barton's_ Bedside with a loaded Pistol, and positive Orders to shoot him through the Head, if in case he awak'd. _Sheppard_ being engag'd in opening the Trunks and Boxes, the mean while. It luckily happen'd for Mr. _Barton_, that he slept Sounder than usual that Night, as having come from a Merry-making with some Friends; tho' poor Man little Dreaming in what dreadful Circumstances. They carried off in Notes, and Bonds, Guineas, Cloaths, Made and Unmade, to the value of between two and three Hundred Pounds; besides a Padesuoy Suit of Cloaths, worth about eighteen or twenty Pounds more; which having been made for a Corpulent Gentleman, _Sheppard_ had them reduc'd, and fitted for his own Size and War, as designing to Appear and make a Figure among the _Beau Monde_. _Grace_ and _Sheppard_, having disposed of the Goods at an Ale-house in _Lewkenors Lane_ (a Rendezvous of Robbers and Ruffians) took their Flight, and _Grace_ had not been since heard of. _Lamb_ was apprehended, and carried before Justice _Newton_, and made an ample Confession; and there being nothing but that against him at his Tryal, and withal, a favourable Prosecution, he came off with a Sentence of Transportation only. He as well as _Sheppard_ has since confirm'd all the above particulars, and with this Addition, _viz_. That it was Debated among them to have Murder'd all the People in the House, save one Person. About the latter End of the same Month, _June_, Mr. _Kneebone_, a Woollen-Draper near the New Church in the _Strand_, receiv'd a Caution from the Father of _Anthony Lamb_, who intimated to Mr. _Kneebone_ that his House was intended to be broke open and robb'd that very Night. Mr. _Kneebone_ prepar'd for the Event, ordering his Servants to sit up, and gave Directions to the Watchman in the Street to observe his House: At about two in the Morning _Sheppard_ and his Gang were about the Door, a Maid-Servant went to listen, and heard one of the Wretches, say, _Da--n him, if they could not enter that Night, they would another, and would have 300l. of his_, (meaning) Mr. _Kneebone's_ Money. They went off, and nothing more was heard of them till _Sunday_ the 12th Day of _July_ following, when _Joseph Blake_, alias _Blewskins, John Sheppard_, and _William Field_ (as himself Swears) came about 12 o'clock at Night, and cut two large Oaken-Bars over the Cellar-Window, at the back part of the House in _Little-Drury-Lane_, and so entered; Mr. _Kneebone_, and his Family being at Rest, they proceeded to open a Door at the Foot of the Cellar-Stairs, with three Bolts, and a large Padlock upon it, and then came up into the Shop and wrench'd off the Hasp, and Padlock that went over the Press, and arriv'd at their desir'd Booty; they continu'd in the House for three Hours, and carry'd off with them One Hundred and eight Yards of Broad Woollen Cloth, five Yards of blue Bays, a light Tye-Wig, and Beaver-Hat, two Silver Spoons, an Handkerchief, and a Penknife. In all to the value of near fifty Pounds. The _Sunday_ following, being the 19th of _July, Sheppard_ and _Blewskins_ were out upon the _Hampstead_ Road, and there stopt a Coach with a Ladies Woman in it, from whom they took but Half-a-Crown; all the Money then about her; the Foot-man behind the Coach came down, and exerted himself; but _Sheppard_ sent him in hast up to his Post again, by threat of his Pistol. The next Night being the 20th of _july_, about Nine, they Robb'd Mr. _Pargiter_, a Chandler of _Hamstead_, near the Halfway-House; _Sheppard_ after his being taken at _Finchley_ was particularly examin'd about this Robbery. The Reverend Mr. _Wagstaff_ having receiv'd a Letter from an unknown Hand, with two Questions, to be propos'd to _Sheppard_, _viz._ Whether he did Rob _John Pargiter_, on _Monday_ the 20th of _July_, about Nine at Night, between the _Turnpike_ and _Hamstead_; How much Money he took from him? Whither _Pargiter_ was Drunk, or not, and if he had Rings or Watch about him, when robb'd? which, Request was comply'd with, and _Sheppard_ affirm'd, that Mr. _Pargiter_ was very much in Liquor, having a great Coat on; neither Rings on his Fingers or Watch, and only three Shillings in his Pocket, which they took from him, and that _Blewskins_ knock him down twice with the Butt-end of his Pistol to make sure Work, (tho' Excess of drink had done that before) but _Sheppard_ did in kindness raise him up as often. The next Night, _July_ 21, they stopt a Stage-Coach, and took from a Passenger in it, Twenty-two Shillings, and were so expeditious in the Matter, that _not two Words were made about the Bargain_. Now Mr. _Sheppard's_ long and wicked Course seemingly draws towards a Period. Mr. _Kneebone_ having apply'd to _Jonathan Wild_, and set forth Advertisements in the Papers, complaining of his Robbery. On _Tuesday_ the 22d of _July_ at Night _Edgworth Bess_ was taken in a Brandy-shop, near _Temple-Bar_ by _Jonathan Wild_; she being much terrify'd, discover'd where _Sheppard_ was: A Warrant was accordingly issued by Justice _Blackerby_, and the next Day he was Apprehended, at the House of _Blewskin's_ Mother, in _Rose-Mary-Lane_, by one _Quilt_, a Domestick of Mr. _Wild's_ though not without great opposition, for, he clapt a loaded, Pistol to _Quilt's_ Breast, and attempted to shoot him, but the Pistol miss'd fire; he was brought back to _New Prison_, confin'd in the Dungeon; and the next Day carried before Justice _Blackerby_. Upon his Examination he Confess'd the three Robberies on the Highway aforemention'd, as also the Robbing of Mr. _Bains_, Mr. _Barton_, and Mr. _Kneebone_, he was committed to Newgate, and at the Sessions of _Oyer_ and _Terminer_, and Goal delivery, holden at the _Old-Baily_, on the 12th, 13th and 14th of _August_, he was try'd upon three several indictments, _viz._ First for breaking the House of _William Philips_. _John Sheppard_, of the Parish of St. _Martin_ in _the Fields_, was indicted for breaking the House of _William Philips_, and stealing divers Goods, the 14th of _February_ last. But there not being sufficient Evidence against the Prisoner, he was acquitted. He was also indicted a Second Time, of St. _Clement Danes_, for breaking the House of _Mary Cook_, the 5th of _February_ last, and stealing divers Goods: But the Evidence against the Prisoner being defficient as to this Indictment also, he was acquitted. He was also indicted the Third Time, of St. _Mary Savoy_, for breaking the House of _William Kneebone_, in the Night-Time, and stealing, 108 Yards of Woollen Cloth, the 12th of _July_ last. The Prosecutor depos'd, That the Prisoner had some Time since been his Servant, and when he went to Bed, the Time mentioned in the Indictment, about 11 a-Clock at Night, he saw all the Doors and Windows fast; but was call'd up about four in the Morning, and found his House broke open, the Bars of a Cellar-Window having been cut, and the Bolts of the Door that comes up Stairs drawn, and the Padlock wrench'd off, and the Shutter in the Shop broken, and his Goods gone; whereupon suspecting the Prisoner, he having committed ill Actions thereabouts before, he acquainted _Jonathan Wild_ with it, and he procur'd him to be apprehended. That he went to the Prisoners in New _Prison_, and asking how he could be so ungrateful to rob him, after he had shown him so much Kindness? The Prisoner own'd he had been ungrateful in doing so, informing him of several Circumstances as to the Manner of committing the Fact, but said he had been drawn into it by ill Company. _Jonathan Wild_, depos'd, The Prosecutor came to him, and desir'd him to enquire after his Goods that had been stolen, telling him he suspected the Prisoner to have been concern'd in the Robbery, he having before committed some Robberies in the Neighbourhood. That inquiring after him, and having heard of him before, he was inform'd that he was an Acquaintance of _Joseph Blake_, alias _Blewskins_, and _William Field_: Whereupon he sent for _William Field_, who came to him; upon which he told him, if he would make an ingenuous Confession, he believ'd he could prevail with the Court to make him an Evidence. That he did make a Discovery of the Prisoner, upon which he was apprehended, and also of others since convicted, and gave an Account of some Parcels of the Cloth, which were found accordingly. _William Field_ depos'd, That the Prisoner told him, and _Joseph Blake_, that he knew a _Ken_ where they might get something of Worth. That they went to take a View of the Prosecutor's House, but disprov'd of the Attempt, as not thinking it easy to be perform'd; But the Prisoner perswaded them that it might easily be done, he knowing the House, he having liv'd with the Prosecutor. That thereupon he cut the Cellar Bar, went into the Cellar, got into the Shop, and brought out three Parcels of Cloth, which they carried away. The Prisoner had also confest the Fact when he was apprehended, and before the Justice. The Fact being plainly prov'd, the Jury found him guilty of the Indictment. Sentence of Death was pronounc'd upon him accordingly. Several other Prosecutions might have been brought against him, but this was thought sufficient to rid the World of so Capital an Offender: He beg'd earnestly for Transportation, to the most extream Foot of his Majesty's Dominions; and pleaded Youth, and Ignorance as the Motive which had precipitated him into the Guilt; but the Court deaf to his Importunities, as knowing him, and his repeated Crimes to be equally flagrant, gave him no satisfactory Answer: He return'd to his dismal Abode the Condemn'd Hold, where were Nine more unhappy Wretches in as dreadful Circumstances as himself. The Court being at _Windsor_, the Malefactors had a longer Respite than is usual; during that Recess, _James Harman_, _Lumley_, _Davis_ and _Sheppard_ agreed upon an Escape, concerted Measures, and provided Instruments to make it effectual; but put off the Execution of their Design, on Account the two Gentlemen having their hopes of Life daily renewed by the favourable Answers they receiv'd from some considerable Persons; but those vanishing the day before their Execution, and finding their Sentence irreversible, they two dropt their hopes, together with the Design, they form'd for an Escape, and so in earnest prepar'd to meet Death on the Morrow, (which they accordingly did.). 'Twas on this Day Mr _Davis_ gave _Sheppard_ the Watch Springs, Files, Saws, _&c._ to Effect his own Release; and knowing that a Warrant was Hourly expected for his Execution with Two others, on the _Friday_ following; he thought it high time to look about him, for he had waited his Tryal, saw his Conviction, and heard his Sentence with some patience; but finding himself irrespitably decreed for Death, he could sit passive no longer, and on the very Day of the Execution of the former; whilst they were having their Fetters taken off, in order for going to the Tree, that Day he began to saw, _Saturday_ made a progress; but _Sunday_ omitted, by Reason of the Concourse in the _Lodge_: _Edgworth Bess_ having been set at Liberty, had frequent Access to him, with others of his Acquaintance. On _Monday_ the Death _Warrant_ came from _Windsor_, appointing that he, together with _Joseph Ward_ and _Anthony Upton_ should be Executed on the _Friday_ following, being the 4th of _September_. The Keepers acquainted him therewith, and desired him to make good use of that short Time. He thank'd them, said _he would follow their Advice_, and _prepare_. _Edgworth Bess_, and another Woman had been with him at the Door of the Condemn'd Hold best part of the Afternoon, between five and six he desir'd the other Prisoners, except _Stephen Fowles_ to remain above, while he offer'd something in private to his Friends at the Door; they comply'd, and in this interval he got the Spike asunder, which made way for the Skeleton to pass with his Heels foremost, by the Assistance of _Fowles_, whom he most ungenerously betray'd to the Keepers after his being retaken, and the Fellow was as severely punish'd for it. Having now got clear of his Prison, he took Coach disguis'd in a Night Gown at the corner of the _Old Baily_, along with a Man who waited for him in the Street (and is suppos'd to be _Page_ the Butcher) ordering the Coachman to drive to _Black-Fryers Stairs_, where his prostitute gave him the Meeting, and they three took Boat, and went a Shoar at the _Horse-Ferry_ at _Westminster_, and at the _White-Hart_ they went in, Drank, and stay'd sometime; thence they adjourn'd to a Place in _Holbourn_, where by the help of a Saw he quitted the Chains he had brought with him from _Newgate_; and then like a Freeman took his Ramble through the City and came to _Spittle-Fields_, and there lay with _Edgeworth Bess_. It may be easy to imagine what an alarm his Escape gave to the Keepers of _Newgate_, three of their People being at the farther End of the _Lodge_, engag'd in a Discourse concerning his wonderful Escape from _New-Prison,_ and what Caution ought to be us'd, lest he should give them the slip, at that very Instant as he perfected it. On _Tuesday_ he sent for _William Page_ an Apprentice to a Butcher in _Clare-Market_, who came to him, and being Pennyless, he desir'd _Page_ to give him what Assistance he could to make his way, and being a Neighbour and Acquaintance, he comply'd with it; but e're he would do any thing, he consulted a near Relation, who as he said, encourag'd him in it; nay, put him upon it, so meeting with this Success in his Application to his Friend, and probable an Assistance in the Pocket, he came to _Sheppard_ having bought him a new blue _Butcher's_ Frock, and another for himself, and so both took their Rout to _Warnden_ in _Northamptonshire_, where they came to a Relation of _Page's_, who receiv'd and Entertain'd them kindly, the People lying from their own Bed to Accommodate them. _Sheppard_ pretending to be a _Butcher's_ Son in _Clare-Market_, who was going farther in the Country to his Friends, and that _Page_ was so kind as to Accompany him; but they as well as their Friend became tir'd of one another; the _Butchers_ having but one Shilling left, and the People poor, and Consequently unable to Subsist two such Fellows, after a stay of three or four Days, they return'd, and came for _London_, and reach'd the City on _Tuesday_ the 8th of _September_, calling by the way at _Black-Mary's-Hole_, and Drinking with several of their Acquaintance, and then came into _Bishopsgate street_, to one _Cooley's_ a _Brandy-shop_; where a _Cobler_ being at Work in his Stall, stept out and Swore _ther was_ Sheppard, _Sheppard_ hearing him, departed immediately. In the Evening they came into _Fleet-street_, at about Eight of the Clock, and observing Mr. _Martins_ a Watchmaker's Shop to be open, and a little Boy only to look after it: _Page_ goes in and asks the Lad whether Mr. _Taylor_ a _Watchmaker_ lodg'd in the House? being answer'd in the Negative, he came away, and Reports the Disposition of the Place: _Sheppard_ now makes Tryal of his old Master-peice; fixeth a Nail Peircer into the Door post, fastens the Knocker thereto with Packthread, breaks the Glass, and takes out three _Silver Watches_ of 15 l. value, the Boy seeing him take them, but could not get out to pursue him, by reason of his Contrivance. One of the Watches he Pledg'd for a Guinea and Half. The same Night they came into _Watch-street_, _Sheppard_ going into his _Master's_ Yard, and calling for his Fellow 'Prentice, his Mistress heard, knew his Voice, and was dreadfully frightened; he next went to the _Cock_ and _Pye Ale-House_ in _Drury-Lane_, sent for a Barber his Acquaintance, drank Brandy and eat Oysters in the view of several people. _Page_ waiting all the while at the Door, the whole Neighbourhood being alarm'd, yet none durst attempt him, for fear of Pistols, _&c._ He had vow'd Revenge upon a poor Man as kept a Dairy-Cellar, at the End of _White-Horse-Yard_, who having seen him at _Islington_ after his Escape, and engag'd not to speak of it, broke his Promise; wherefore _Sheppard_ went to his Residence took the Door off the Hinges and threw it down amongst all the Man's Pans, Pipkins, and caus'd a Deluge of Cream and Milk all over the Cellar. This Night he had a narrow Escape, one Mr. _Ireton_ a Sheriffs Officer seeing him and _Page_ pass thro' _Drury-Lane_, at about Ten o'clock pursu'd 'em, and laid hold of _Page_ instead of _Sheppard_, who got off, thus _Ireton_, missing the main Man, and thinking _Page_ of no Consequence, let him go after him. _Edgworth Bess_ had been apprehended by _Jonathan Wild_, and by Sir _Francis Forbes_ one of the Aldermen of _London_, committed to the _Poultry-Compter_, for being aiding and assisting to _Sheppard_ in his Escape; the Keepers and others terrify'd and purg'd her as much as was possible to discover where he was, but had it been in her Inclination, it was not in her Power so to do, as it manifestly appear'd soon after. The People about the _Strand_, _Witch-street_ and _Drury-Lane_, whom he had Robb'd, and who had prosecuted him were under great Apprensions and Terror, and in particular Mr. _Kneebone_, on whom he vow'd a bloody Revenge; because he refus'd to sign a Petition in his behalf to the _Recorder_ of _London_. This Gentleman was forc'd to keep arm'd People up in his House every Night till he was Re-taken, and had the same fortify'd in the strongest manner. Several other Shop-keepers in this Neighbourhood were also put to great Expence and Trouble to Guard themselves against this dreadful Villian. The Keepers of _Newgate_, whom the rash World loaded with Infamy, stigmatiz'd and branded with the Title of Persons guilty of Bribery; for Connivance at his Escape, they and what Posse in their Power, either for Love or Money did Contribute their utmost to undeceive a wrong notion'd People. Their Vigilance was remarkably indefatigable, sparing neither Money nor Time, Night nor Day to bring him back to his deserv'd Justice. After many Intelligences, which they endeavour'd for, and receiv'd, they had one which prov'd very Successful. Having learnt for a certainty that their Haunts was about _Finchly Common_, and being very well assur'd of the very House where they lay; on _Thursday_ the 10th of _September_, a posse of Men, both of Spirit and Conduct, furnish'd with Arms proper for their Design, went for _Finchley_, some in a Coach and Four, and others on Horseback. They dispers'd themselves upon the _Common_ aforesaid, in order to make their View, where they had not been long e're they came in Sight of _SHEPPARD_ in Company of _WILLIAM PAGE_, habited like two _Butchers_ in new blue Frocks, with white Aprons tuck'd round their Wastes. Upon _Sheppard's_ seeing _Langley_ a Turnkey at _Newgate_, he says to his Companion _Page_, _I see a Stag_; upon which their Courage dropt; knowing that now their dealing way of Business was almost at an End; however to make their Flight as secure as they could, they thought it adviseable to take to a Foot-path, to cut off the pursuit of the _Newgate Cavalry_; but this did not prove most successful, _Langley_ came up with _Page_ (who was hindermost) and Dismounting with Pistol in Hand, commands _Page_ to throw up his Hands, which he trembling did, begging for Life, desiring him to _Fisk_ him, _viz._ (search him,) which he accordingly did, and found a broad Knife and File; having thus disarm'd him, he takes the _Chubb_ along with him in quest of the slippery _Ele_, _Sheppard_; who had taken Shelter in an old Stable, belonging to a Farm-House; the pursuit was close, the House invested, and a Girl seeing his Feet as he stood up hid, discover'd him. _Austin_ a Turnkey first attach'd his Person. _Langley_ seconded him, _Ireton_ an Officer help'd to Enclose, and happy was the hindermost who aided in this great Enterprise. He being shock'd with the utmost Fear, told them he submitted, and desir'd they would let him live as long as he could, which they did, and us'd him mildly; upon searching him they found a broad Knife with two of the Watches as he had taken out of Mr. _Martin's_ Shop, one under each Armpit; and now having gain'd their Point, and made themselves Masters of what they had often endeavoured for, they came with their _Lost Sheep_ to a little House on the _Common_ that sold Liquors, with this Inscription on the Sign, _I have brought my_ Hogs _to a fair Market_; which our two unfortunate _Butchers_ under their then unhappy Circumstances, had too sad Reason to apply to themselves. _Sheppard_ had by this time recover'd his Surprize, grew calm and easy, and desir'd them to give him Brandy, they did, and were all good Friends, and Company together. They adjourn'd with their Booty to another Place, where was waiting a Coach and Four to Convey it to Town, with more Speed and Safety; and Mr. _Sheppard_ arriv'd at his old Mansion, at about two in the Afternoon. At his a-lighting, he made a sudden Spring; He declar'd his Intention was to have slipt under the Coach, and had a Race for it; he was put into the Condemn'd-Hold, and Chain'd down to the Floor with double _Basils_ about his Feet, _&c._ _Page_ was carried before Sir _Francis Forbes_ and committed to the same Prison for Accompanying and aiding _Sheppard_ in his Escape. The prudence of Mr. _Pitt_ caus'd a Separation between him and his Brother the first Night, as a Means to prevent any ensuing Danger, by having two Heads, which (according to our Proverbial Saying) _are better than one_. The Joy the People of _Newgate_ conceiv'd on this Occasion is inexpressible, _Te Deum_ was Sung in the _Lodge_, and nothing but Smiles, and Bumpers, were seen there for many Days together. But _Jonathan Wild_ unfortunately happen'd to be gone upon a wrong Scent after him to _Sturbridge_, and Lost a Share of the Glory. His Escape and his being so suddenly Re-taken made such a Noise in the Town, that it was thought all the common People would have gone Mad about him; there being not a _Porter_ to be had for Love nor Money, nor getting into an Ale-house, for _Butchers_; _Shoemakers_ and _Barbers_, all engag'd in Controversies, and Wagers, about _Sheppard_. _Newgate_ Night and Day surrounded with the Curious from St. _Giles's_ and _Rag-Fair_, and _Tyburn Road_ daily lin'd with Women and Children; and the _Gallows_ as carefully watch'd by Night, lest he should be hang'd _Incog._ For a Report of that nature, obtain'd much upon the Rabble; In short, it was a Week of the greatest Noise and Idleness among Mechanicks that has been known in _London_, and _Parker_ and _Pettis_, two _Lyricks_, subsisted many Days very comfortably upon _Ballads_ and _Letters_ about _Sheppard_. The vulgar continu'd under great Doubts and Difficulties, in what would be his Case, and whether the _Old Warrant_, or a _New One_ must be made for his Execution, or a New Tryal, _&c._ were the great Questions as arose, and occasion'd various Reasonings and Speculation, till a News Paper, call'd the _Daily Journal_ set them all to Rights by the Publication of the Account following, _viz._ '_J. Sheppard_ having been Convicted of Burglary, and Felony, and received Sentence of Death, and afterwards 'Escap'd from _Newgate_; and being since Re-taken'; we are assur'd that it must be prov'd in a _Regular_, and _Judicial_ way, that he is the same Person, who was so Convicted and made his Escape, before a Warrant can be obtain'd for his Execution; and that this Affair well be brought before the Court at the _Old Baily_ the next Sessions.' This was enough; People began to grow calm and easy and got _Shav'd_, and their Shoes _finish'd_, and Business returned into its former Channel, the Town resolving to wait the _Sessions_ with Patience. The Reverend Mr. _Wagstaff_, who officiated in the absence of the _Ordinary_, renew'd his former Acquaintance with Mr. _Sheppard_, and examin'd him in a particular manner concerning his Escape from the Condemn'd Hold: He sincerely disown'd, that all, or any, belonging to the Prison were privy thereto; but related it as it has been describ'd. He declar'd that _Edgworth Bess_, who had hitherto pass'd for his _Wife_, was not really so: This was by some thought to be in him Base, and Ungenerous in that, as she had Contributed towards his Escape, and was in Custody on that Account, it might render her more liable to Punishment, than if she had been thought his Wife; but he endeavour'd to acquit himself, by saying, that she was the sole Author of all his Misfortunes; That she betray'd him to _Jonathan Wild_, at the time he was taken in _Rosemary-Lane_; and that when he was contriving his Escape, she disobey'd his orders, as when being requir'd to attend at the Door of the Condemn'd-Hold by Nine, or Ten in the Morning to facilitate his Endeavours, she came not till the Evening, which he said, was an ungrateful Return for the care he had taken in setting her at Liberty from _New-Prison_; and thus Justify'd himself in what he had done, and said he car'd not what became of her. He was also Examined about Mr. _Martin's_ Watches; and whether _Page_ was privy to that Robbery; he carefully guarded himself against uttering any thing that might affect him, peremptorily declar'd him Innocent of that, as well as of being privy to his Escape, and said, that he only out of Kindness, as being an old Companion, was resolv'd to share in his Fortunes after he had Escap'd. He was again continually meditating a second Escape, as appear'd by his own Hardiness, and the Instruments found upon him, on _Saturday_ the 12th, and _Wednesday_ the 16th of _September_, the first Time a small File was found conceal'd in his Bible, and the second Time two Files, a Chisel and an Hammer being hid in the Rushes of a Chair; and whenever a Question was mov'd to him, when, or by what Means those Implements came to his Hands; he would passionately fly out, and say, _How can you? you always ask me these, and such like Questions_; and in a particular manner, when he was ask'd, Whether his Companion _Page_ was an Accomplice with him, either in the affair of the Watches, or any other? (he reply'd) _That if he knew, he would give no direct Answer_, thinking it to be a Crime in him to detect the Guilty. It was thought necessary by the Keepers to remove him from the Condemn'd-Hold to a Place, call'd the _Castle_, in the Body of the Goal, and to Chain him down to two large Iron Staples in the Floor; the Concourse of People of tolerable Fashion to see him was exceeding Great, he was always Chearful and Pleasant to a Degree, as turning almost every thing as was said into a Jest and Banter. Being one _Sunday_ at the Chapel, a Gentleman belonging to the _Lord Mayor_, ask'd a Turnkey, Which was _Sheppard_, the Man pointed to him? Says _Sheppard, yes Sir, I am the_ Sheppard_, and all the Goalers in the Town are my Flock, and I cannot stir into the Country, but they are all at my Heels_ Baughing, _after me, &c._ He told Mr. _Robins_, the _City Smith_, _That he had procur'd him a_ _small Job, and that whoever it was that put the Spikes on the Condemn'd-Hold was an honest Man, for a better peice of Metal,_ says he, _I never wrought upon in my Life._ He was loth to believe his frequent Robberies were an Injury to the Public, for he us'd to say, That _if they were ill in one Respect, they were as good in another, and that though he car'd not for Working much himself, yet he was desirous that others should not stand Idle, more especially those of his own Trade, who were always Repairing of his Breaches._ When serious, and that but seldom, he would Reflect on his past wicked Life. He declar'd to us, that for several Years of his Apprenticeship he had an utter abhorrence to Women of the Town, and us'd to pelt them with Dirt when they have fell in his way; till a _Button-Mould-Maker_ his next Neighbour left off that Business, and set up a Victualling-house in _Lewkenhors-Lane_, where himself and other young Apprentices resorted on _Sundays_, and at all other Opportunities. At this House began his Acquaintance with _Edgworth Bess_. His sentiments were strangely alter'd, and from an Aversion to those Prostitutes, he had a more favourable Opinion, and even Conversation with them, till he Contracted an ill Distemper, which as he said, he cur'd himself of by a Medicine of his own preparing. He inveigh'd bitterly against his Brother _Thomas_ for putting him into the Information, for Mrs. _Cook's_ Robberry, and pretended that all the Mischiefs that attended him was owing to that Matter. He acknowledg'd that he was concern'd in that Fact, and that his said Brother broke into his Lodgings, and stole from him all his Share and more of the acquir'd Booty. He often-times averr'd, that _William Field_ was no ways concern'd in Mr. _Kneebone's_ Robbery; but that being a Brother of the Quill; _Blewskin_ and himself told him the particulars, and manner of the Facts, and that all he Swore against him at his Tryal was False, and that he had other Authority for it, than what came out of their (_Sheppard_ and _Blewskin_) Mouths, who actually committed the Fact. And moreover, that _Field_ being acquainted with their Warehouse (a Stable) near the _Horse-Ferry_ at _Westminster_, which _Sheppard_ had hir'd, and usually resposited therein the Goods he stole. He came one Night, and broke open the same, and carried off the best part of the Effects taken out of Mr. _Kneebone's_ Shop. _Sheppard_ said he thought this to be one of the greatest Villanies that could be acted, for another to come and Plunder them of Things for which they had so honourably ventur'd their Lives, and wish'd that _Field_, as well as his Brother _Tom_ might meet with forgiveness for it. He declar'd himself frequently against the Practice of _Whidling_, or _Impeaching_, which he said, had made dreadful Havock among the _Thieves_, and much lamented the depravity of the _Brethren_ in that Respect; and said that if all were but such _Tight-Cocks_ as himself, the _Reputation_ of the _British Thievery_ might be carried to a far greater height than it had been done for many Ages, and that there would then be but little Necessity for Jaylors and Hangmen. These and such like were his constant Discourses, when Company went up with the Turnkeys to the _Castle_ to see him, and few or none went away without leaving him Money for his Support; in which he abounded, and did therewith some small Charities to the other Prisoners; however, he was abstemious and sparing enough in his Diet. Among the many Schemes laid by his Friends, for the preserving himself after his Escape, we were told of a most Remarkable one, propos'd by an ingenious Person, who advis'd, that he might be Expeditiously, and Secretly convey'd to the Palace at _Windsor_, and there to prostrate his Person, and his Case at the Feet of a most Gracious Prince, and his Case being so very singular and new, it might in great probability move the Royal Fountain of unbounded Clemency; but he declin'd this Advice, and follow'd the Judgment and Dictates of _Butchers_, which very speedily brought him very near the Door of the _Slaughterhouse_. On the 4th of _September_, the Day as _Joseph Ward_, and _Anthony Upton_ were Executed, there was publish'd a whimsical Letter, as from _Sheppard_, to _Jack Ketch_, which afforded Diversion to the Town, and Bread to the Author, which is as followeth, _viz._ _SIR_, I Thank you for the Favour you intended me this day: I am a Gentleman, and allow you to be the same, and I hope can forgive Injuries; fond Nature prompted, I obey'd, Oh, propitious Minute! and to show that I am in Charity, I am now drinking your Health, and a _Bon Repo_ to poor _Joseph_ and _Anthony_. I am gone a few Days for the Air, but design speedily to embark; and this Night I am going upon a Mansion for a Supply; it's a stout Fortification, but what Difficulties can't I encounter, when, dear _Jack_, you find that Bars and Chains are but trifling Obstacles in the way of your Friend and Servant. JOHN SHEPPARD. _From my Residence in Terra Australi incognito_. _P.S._ Pray my Service to Mr. _Or---- di---- y_ and to Mr. _App---- ee_. On _Saturday_ the 10th of _October_, _Anthony Lamb_, and _Thomas Sheppard_, with 95 other Felons were carried from _Newgate_ on Shipboard, for Transportation to the Plantations; the last begg'd to have an opportunity given him of taking his final Leave of his Brother _John_; but this was not to be Granted, and the greatest Favour that could be obtain'd, was that on the _Sunday_ before they had an Interview at the _Chapel_, but at such a distance, that they neither saluted, or shook Hands, and the Reason given for it, was that no Implements might be convey'd to _Sheppard_ to assist him in making an Escape. This, Caution seem'd to be absolutely necessary, for it appear'd soon after that _Sheppard_ found Means to release himself from the Staples to which he was Chain'd in the Castle, by unlocking a great Padlock with a Nail, which he had pickt up on the Floor, and endeavour'd to pass up the Chimney, but was prevented by the stout Iron Bars fix'd in his way, and wanted nothing but the smallest File to have perfected his Liberty. When the Assistants of the Prison, came as usual with his Victuals, they began to examine his Irons; to their great Surprize they found them loose, and ready to be taken off at Pleasure. Mr. _Pitt_ the Head Keeper, and his Deputies were sent for, and _Sheppard_ finding this Attempt entirely frustrated, discover'd to them by what means he had got them off; and after they had search'd him, found nothing, and Lock'd and Chain'd him down again; He took up the Nail and unlocked the Padlock before their Faces; they were struck with the greatest Amazement as having never heard, or beheld the like before. He was then Handcuff'd, and more effectually Chain'd. The next Day, the Reverend Mr. _Purney Ordinary_ of the Place came from the Country to visit him, and complain'd of the sad Disposition he found him in, as Meditateing on nothing, but Means to Escape, and declining the great Duty incumbent upon him to prepare for his approaching Change. He began to Relent, and said, that since his last Effort had prov'd not Successful, he would entertain no more Thoughts of that Nature, but entirely Dispose, and Resign himself to the Mercy of Almighty God, of whom he hop'd to find forgiveness of his manifold Offences. He said, that _Edgworth Bess_ and himself kept a little Brandy-shop together in _Lewkenhors-Lane_, and once sav'd about Thirty Pounds; but having such an universal Acquaintance amongst Theives, he had frequent calls to go _Abroad_, and soon quitted that Business, and his Shop. On _Friday_ the 2d, of _October_ his old Confederate _Joseph Blake_ alias _Blewskin_, was apprehended and taken at a House in St. _Giles's_ Parish by _Jonathan Wild_, and by Justice _Blackerby_ committed to _Newgate_. _William Field_ who was at his liberty, appearing and making Oath, that _Blewskin_ together with _John Sheppard_ and himself, committed the Burglary and Felony in Mr. _Kneebone's_ House, for which _Sheppard_ was Condemn'd. The Sessions commencing at the _Old-Bailey_ on _Wednesday_ the 14th of _October_ following, an Indictment was found against _Blewskin_ for the same, and he was brought down from _Newgate_ to the _Old-Bailey_ to be Arraign'd in order to his Tryal; and being in the Yard within the Gate before the Court: Mr. _Wild_ being there Drinking a glass of Wine with him, he said to Mr. _Wild_, _You may put in a word for me, as well as for another Person?_ To which Mr. _Wild_ reply'd, I cannot do it. _You are certainly a dead Man, and will be tuck'd up very speedily,_ or words to that effect: Whereupon _Blewskin_ on a sudden seiz'd Mr. _Wild_ by the Neck, and with a little Clasp Knife he was provided with he cut his Throat in a very dangerous Manner; and had it not been for a _Muslin_ Stock twisted in several Plaits round his Neck, he had in all likelyhood succeeded in his barbarous Design before _Ballard_ the Turnkey, who was at Hand, could have time to lay hold of him; the Villain trumph'd afterwards in what he had done, Swearing many bloody Oaths, that if he had murder'd him, he should have died with Satisfaction, and that his Intention was to have cut off his Head, and thrown it into the Sessions House-Yard among the Rabble, and Curs'd both his Hand and the Knife for not Executing it Effectually. Mr. _Wild_ instantly had the Assistance of three able Surgeons, _viz._ Mr. _Dobbins_, Mr. _Marten_ and Mr. _Coletheart_, who sew'd up the Wound, and order'd him to his Bed, and he has continu'd ever since, but in a doubtful State of Recovery. The Felons on the Common Side of _Newgate_, also animated by _Sheppard's_ Example, the Night before they were to be Shipt for Transporation, had cut several Iron Bars assunder, and some of them had saw'd off their Fetters, the rest Huzzaing, and making Noises, under pretence of being Joyful that they were to be remov'd on the Morrow, to prevent the Workmen being heard; and in two Hours time more, if their Design had not been discover'd, near One Hundred Villians had been let loose into the World, to have committed new Depredations; nothing was wanted here but _Sheppard's_ great Judgment, who was by himself in the strong Room, call'd the _Castle_, meditating his own Deliverance, which he perfected in the manner following. On _Thursday_ the 15th of this Instant _October_, at between One and Two in the Afternoon, _William Austin_, an Assistant to the Keepers, a Man reputed to be a very diligent, and faithful Servant, went to _Sheppard_ in the strong Room, call'd the _Castle_, with his Necessaries, as was his Custom every Day. There went along with him Captain _Geary_, the Keeper of _New Prison_, Mr. _Gough_, belonging to the _Gate-house_ in _Westminster_, and two other Gentlemen, who had the Curiosity to see the Prisoner, _Austin_ very strictly examined his Fetters, and his Hand-Cuffs, and found them very Safe; he eat his Dinner and talk'd with his usual Gayety to the Company: They took leave of him and wish'd him a good Evening. The Court being sitting at the _Old-Bailey_, the Keepers and most of their Servants were attending there with their Prisoners: And _Sheppard_ was told that if he wanted any thing more, then was his Time, because they could not come to him till the next Morning: He thank'd them for their Kindness, and desir'd them to be as _early as possible_. The same Night, soon after 12 of the Clock Mr. _Bird_, who keeps a Turners-shop adjoyning to _Newgate_, was disturb'd by the Watchman, who found his Street Door open, and call'd up the Family, and they concluding the Accident was owing to the Carelessness of some in the House, shut their Doors, and went to Bed again. The next Morning _Friday_, at about eight Mr. _Austin_ went up as usual to wait on _Sheppard_, and having unlock'd and unbolted the double Doors of the Castle, he beheld almost a Cart-load of Bricks and Rubbish about the Room, and his Prisoner gone: The Man ready to sink, came trembling down again, and was scarce able to Acquaint the People in the _Lodge_ with what had happen'd. The whole Posse of the Prison ran up, and stood like Men depriv'd of their Senses: Their surprize being over, they were in hopes that he might not have yet entirely made his Escape, and got their Keys to open all the strong Rooms adjacent to the _Castle_, in order to Trace him, when to their farther Amazement, they found the Door ready open'd to their Hands; and the strong Locks, Screws and Bolts broken in pieces, and scatter'd about the Jayl. Six great Doors (one whereof having not been open'd for seven Years past) were forc'd, and it appear'd that he had Descended from the Leads of _Newgate_ by a Blanket (which he fasten'd to the Wall by an Iron Spike he had taken from the Hatch of the _Chapel_) on the House of Mr. _Bird_, and the Door on the Leads having been left open, it is very reasonable to conclude he past directly to the Street Door down the Stairs; Mr _Bird_ and his Wife hearing an odd sort of a Noise on the Stairs as they lay in their Bed, a short time before the Watchman alarm'd the Family. Infinite Numbers of Citizens came to _Newgate_ to behold _Sheppard's_ Workmanship, and Mr. _Pitt_ and his Officers very readily Conducted them up Stairs, that the World might be convinc'd there was not the least room to suspect, either a Negligence, or Connivance in the Servants. Every one express'd the greatest Surprize that has been known, and declar'd themselves satisfy'd with the Measures they had taken for the Security of their Prisoner. One of the Sheriffs came in Person, and went up to the _Castle_ to be satisfy'd of the Situation of the Place, _&c._ Attended by several of the City Officers. The Court being sat at the _Sessions-House_, the Keepers were sent for and Examin'd, and the Magistrates were in great Consternation, that so horrid a Wretch had escap'd their Justice. It being intended that he should have been brought down to the Court the last Day of the _Sessions_, and order'd for Execution in two or three Days after; if it appear'd that he was the Person Condemn'd for the breaking Mr. _Kneebone's_ House, and included in the Warrant for Execution, _&c._ Many of the Methods by which this miraculous Escape was effected, remain as yet a Secret, there are some indeed too Evident, the most reasonable Conjecture that has hierto been made, is, that the first Act was his twisting and breaking assunder by the strength of his Hands a small Iron Chain, which together with a great Horse Padlock, (as went from the heavy Fetters about his Legs to the staples) confin'd him to the Floor, and with a Nail open'd the Padlock and set himself at Liberty about the Room: A large flat Iron Bar appears to have been taken out of the Chimney, with the Assistance thereof 'tis plain he broke thro' a Wall of many Foot in Thickness, and made his way from the _Castle_ into another strong Room Contiguous, the Door of it not having been open'd since several of the _Preston_ Prisoners were Confin'd there about seven Years ago: Three Screws are visibly taken off of the Lock, and the Doors as strong as Art could make them, forc'd open. The Locks and Bolts, either wrench'd or Broke, and the Cases and other Irons made for their Security cut assunder: An Iron Spike broke off from the Hatch in the _Chapel_, which he fix'd in the Wall and fasten'd his Blanket to it, to drop on the Leads of Mr. _Bird_'s House, his Stockings were found on the Leads of _Newgate_; 'tis question'd whether sixty Pounds will repair the Damage done to the Jayl. It will perhaps be inquir'd how all this could be perform'd without his being heard by the Prisoners or the Keepers; 'tis well known that the Place of his Confinement is in the upper part of the Prison, none of the other Felons being Kept any where near him; and 'tis suppos'd that if any had heard him at Work, they would rather have facilitated, than frustrated his Endeavours. In the Course of his Breaches he pass'd by a Door on his Left belonging to the _Common-Side_ Felons, who have since Curs'd him heartily for his not giving them an opportunity to kiss his Hand, and lending them a favourable lift when his Hand was in; but that was not a Work proper for Mr. _Sheppard_ to do in his then Circumstances. His Fetters are not to be found any where about the Jayl, from whence 'tis concluded he has either thrown them down some Chimney, or carried them off on his Legs, the latter seems to be Impracticable, and would still render his Escaping in such Manner the more astonishing; and the only Answer that is given to the whole, at _Newgate_ is, _That the_ Devil _came in Person and assisted him_. He undoubtedly perform'd most of these Wonders in the darkest part of the Night, and without the least Glimpse of a Candle; a word, he has actually done with his own Hands in a few Hours, what several of the most skilful Artists allow, could not have been acted by a number of Persons furnish'd with proper Implements, and all other Advantages in a full Day. Never was there anything better Tim'd, the Keepers and all their Assistants being obliged to a strict Attendance on the Sessions at the _Old Bailey_, which held for about a Week; and _Blewskin_ having confin'd _Jonathan Wild_ to his Chamber, a more favourable opportunity could not have presented for Mr. _Sheppard's_ Purposes. The Jaylors suffer'd much by the Opinion the ignorant Part of the People entertain'd of the Matter, and nothing would satisfie some, but that they not only Conniv'd at, but even assisted him in breaking their own Walls and Fences, and that for this Reason too, _viz._ That he should be at Liberty to instruct and train up others in his Method of House-Breaking; and replenish the Town with a new set of Rogues, to supply the Places of those Transported beyond Sea. This is indeed a fine way of Judging, the well-known Characters of Mr. _Pitt_, and his Deputies, are sufficient to wipe of such ridiculous Imputations; and 'tis a most lamentable Truth, that they have often-times had in their Charge Villains of the deepest Die; Persons of Quality and great Worth, for whom no Entreaties, no Sums how large soever have been able to interfere between the doleful Prison, and the fatal Tree. The Officers have done their Duty, they are but Men, and have had to deal with a Creature something more than Man, a _Protoeus_, Supernatural, Words cannot describe him, his Actions and Workmanship which are too visible, best testifie him. On _Saturday_ the 17th, _Joseph Blake_, alias _Blewskin_, came upon his Tryal at the _Old Bailey_: _Field_ gave the same Evidence against him, as he had formerly done against _Sheppard_; and the Prisoner making but a triffling Defence, the Jury found him Guilty of Buglary and Felony. The Criminal when the Verdict was brought in, made his Obeysances to the Court, _and thank'd them for their Kindness_. It will be necessary that we now return to the Behaviour of Mr. _Sheppard_, some few Days before his last Flight. Mr. _Figg_ the famous Prize Fighter comeing to see him, in _NEWGATE_, there past some pleasant Raillery between them; and after Mr. _Figg_ was gone, _Sheppard_ declared he had a Mind to send him a formal Challenge to Fight him at all the Weapons in the strong Room; and that let the Consequence be what it would, he should call at Mr. _Figg's_ House in his way to Execution, and drink a merry Glass with him by way of Reconciliation. A young Woman an Acquaintance of his Mother, who wash'd his Linnen and brought him Necessaries, having in an Affray, got her Eyes beaten Black and Blue; says _Sheppard_ to her, _How long hast thou been Married_? Replyes the Wench. _I wonder you can ask me such a Question, when you so well know the Contrary_: Nay, says _Sheppard_ again, Sarah _don't deny it, for you have gotten your Certificate in your Face_. Mr. _Ireton_ a Bailiff in _Drury-Lane_ having pursued _Sheppard_ after his Escape from the Condemn'd-Hold with uncommon Diligence; (for the safety of that Neighbourhood which was the chief Scene of his Villainies) _Sheppard_ when Re-taken, declared, he would be even with him for it, and if ever he procur'd his Liberty again, _he would give all his Prisoners an_ ACT OF GRACE. A Gentleman in a jocose way ask'd him to come and take a Dinner with him, _Sheppard_ reply'd, _he accepted of the Invitation, and perhaps might take an opportunity to wait on him_; and there is great Reason to believe he has been as good as his Word. He would complain of his Nights, as saying, _It was dark with him from Five in the Evening, till Seven in the Morning_; and being not permitted to have either a Bed or Candle, his Circumstances were dismal; and that he never slept but had some confus'd Doses, he said he consider'd all this with the Temper of a Philosopher. Neither his sad Circumstances, nor the solemn Exhortations of the several Divines who visited him, were able to divert him from this ludicrous way of Expression; he said, _They were all Ginger-bread Fellows_, and came rather out of Curiosity, than Charity; and to form _Papers_ and _Ballads_ out of his Behaviour. A _Welch_ Clergyman who came pretty often, requested him in a particularly Manner to refrain Drinking; (tho' indeed there was no necessity for that Caution) _Sheppard_ says, Doctor, _You set an Example and I'll follow_; this was a smart Satyr and Repartee upon the _Parson_, some Circumstances consider'd. When he was visited in the _Castle_ by the Reverend Mr. _Wagstaff_, he put on the Face only of a Preparation for his End, as appear'd by his frequent Attempts made upon his Escape, and when he has been press'd to Discover those who put him upon Means of Escaping, and furnish'd him with Implements, he would passionately, and with a Motion of striking, say, _ask me no such Questions, one File's worth all the Bibles in the World_. When ask'd if he had not put off all Thoughts of an Escape and Entertain'd none but those of Death, would Answer by way of Question, not directly, whether they thought it possible, or probable for him to Effect his Release, when Manackled in the manner he was. When mov'd to improve the few Minutes that seem'd to remain of his Life; he did indeed listen to, but not regard the Design and Purport of his Admonition, breaking in with something New of his own, either with respect to his former Accomplices, or Actions, and all too with Pleasure and Gayety of Expression. When in _Chapel_, he would seemingly make his Responses with Devotion; but would either Laugh, or force Expressions (when as an Auditor of the Sermon) be of Contempt, either of the Preacher, or of his Discourse. In fine, he behav'd so, in Word, and Action, (since retaken) that demonstrated to the World, that his Escape was the utmost Employ of his Thoughts, whatever Face of Penitence he put on when visited by the Curious. An Account of SHEPPARD'S Adventures of five Hours immediately after his Escape from _Newgate_, in a Letter to his Friend. DEAR FRIEND! Over a Bottle of _Claret_ you'll give me leave to _declare it_, that I've fairly put the _Vowels_ upon the good Folks at _Newgate, i.o.u._ When I'm able, I may, or may not discharge my _Fees_, 'tis a _Fee-simple_, for a Man in my Condition to acknowledge; and tho' I'm safe out of _Newgate_, I must yet have, or at least, affect, a _New Gate_ by Limping, or Turning my Toes in by making a right _Hand_ of my _Feet_. Not _to be long_, for I hate _Prolixity_ in all Business: _In short_, after _Filing, Defileing, Sawing_, when no Body _Saw_. _Climbing_ (this _Clime in_) it prov'd a good _Turner_ of my Affairs, thro' the House of a _Turner_. Being quite past, and safe from _Estreat_ on Person or Chattels, and safe in the _Street_, I thought Thanks due to him who cou'd _Deliver hence_; and immediately (for you must know I'm a _Catholick_) to give Thanks for my Deliverance, I stept amongst the _Grey-Fryers_ to come an joyn with me, in saying a _Pater-Noster_, or so, at _Amen-Corner_. The _Fryers_ being _Fat_ began to _Broil_, and soon after _Boild up_ into a Passion to be disturb'd at that time of Night. But being got _Loose_ and having no Time to _Lose_, I gave them good Words, and so the Business was done. From thence I soon slip'd through _Ludgate_, but was damnably fearful of an _Old Bailey_ always lurking thereabout, who might have brought me to the _Fleet_ for being too _Nimble_, besides, I was wonderfully apprehensive of receiving some unwelcome _Huggings_ from the _W....n_ there; therefore with a step and a stride I soon got over _Fleet-ditch_, and (as in Justice I ought) I prais'd the _Bridge_ I got over. Being a _Batchelor_, and not being capable to to manage a Bridewell you know. I had no Business near _St. Brides_, so kept the right handside, designing to _Pop_ into the _Alley_ as usual; but fearing to go thro' there, and _harp_ too much on the same _String_, it gave an _Allay_ to my Intention, and on I went to _Shoe-lane_ end but there meeting with a _Bully Hack_ of the Town, he wou'd have shov'd me down, which my Spirit resenting, tho' a _brawny Dog_, I soon _Coller'd_ him, fell Souse at him, then with his own Cane I _strapped_ till he was force to _Buckle_ too, and hold his _Tongue_, in so much he durst not say his _Soul_ was his own, and was glad to pack of at _Last_, and turn his _Heels_ upon me: I was glad he was gone you may be sure, and _dextrously_ made a _Hand_ of my _Feet_ under the _Leg-Tavern_; but the very Thoughts of _Fetter-Lane_ call'd to mind some Passages, which made me avoid the _Passage_ at the end of it, (next to the Coffee House you know) so I soon whip'd over the way, yet going along two wooden _Logger-heads_ at _St. Dunstan's_ made just them a damn'd Noise about their _Quarters_, but the sight of me made perfectly _Hush_ in a _Minute_; now fearing to goe by _Chance-a wry-Lane_, as being upon the _Watch_ my self and not to be _debarr'd_ at _Temple-Bar_; I stole up _Bell-Yard_, but narrowly escap'd being _Clapper-claw'd_ by two Fellows I did not like in the Alley, so was forc'd to goe round with a design to _Sheer-off_ into _Sheer-Lane_, but the _Trumpet_ sounding at that very time, alarm'd me so, I was forc'd to Grope my way back through _Hemlock-Court_, and take my _Passage_ by _Ship-Yard_ without the Bar again; but there meeting with one of our trusty Friends, (all Ceremonies a-part) he told me under the _Rose_ I must expect no _Mercy_ in _St. Clement's_ Parish, for the _Butchers_ there on the _Back_ on't would _Face_ me, and with their _Cleavers_ soon bring me down on my _marrow_ Bones; you may believe I soon hastened thence, but by this time being Fainty and night Spent, I put forward, and seeing a _Light_ near the _Savoy-Gate_, I was resolv'd not to make _Light_ of the Opportunity, but call'd for an hearty Dram of _Luther_ and _Calvin_, that is, _Mum_ and _Geneva_ mix'd; but having Fasted so long before, it soon got into my Noddle, and e'er I had gone twenty steps, it had so intirely _Stranded_ my Reason, that by the time I came to _Half-Moon-Street_ end, it gave a _New-Exchange_ to my Senses, and made me quite _Lunatick_. However, after a little Rest, I stole down _George-Passage_ into _Oaf-Alley_ in _York-Buildings_, and thence (tho' a vile Man) into _Villiers-Street_, and so into the _Strand_ again, where having gone a little way, _Hefford's-Harp_ at the Sign of the _Irish-Harp_, put me a _Jumping and Dancing_ to that degree that I could not forbear making a _Somerset_ or two before _Northumberland-House_. I thought once of taking the _Windsor_ Coach for my self _John Sheppard_, by the Name of _Crook_---- but fearing to be _Hook'd_ in before my Journey's End, I stept into _Hedge-Lane_, where two Harlots were up in the _Boughs_ (it seems) _Branching_ out their Respects to one another, through their Windows, and People beginning to gather thereabout, I ran _Pelmel_ to _Piccadilly_, where meeting by meer chance a _Bakers_ Cart going to _Turnham-Green_, I being not _Mealy Mouth'd_, nor the Man being _Crusty_ I _wheel'd_ out of Town. I did call at _Hammersmith_, having no occasion directly. I shall stay two or three Days in that Neighbourhood, so, if you Direct a letter for Mr. Sligh Bolt, to be left with Mrs. _Tabitha Skymmington_ at _Cheesewick_, it's Safety will _Bear Water_ by any _Boat_, and come _Current_ with the Tyde to Dear BOB Yours from the Top of _Newgate_ to the Bottom J. _SHEPPARD_. _P.S._ If you see _Blewskin_, tell him I am well, and hope he receiv'd my last--I wou'd write by the _Post_ if I durst, but it wou'd be, certainly _Post-pon'd_ if I did, and it would be _stranger_ too, to trust a Line by a _Stranger_, who might _Palm_ upon us both and never Deliver it to _Hand_. I send this by a _Waterman_, (I dare trust) who is very Merry upon me, and says he wou'd not be in my _Jacket_. _Saturday Octob._ 17, 1724. We shall conclude with what had been often observ'd by many Persons to _Sheppard_; _viz._ That it was very Imprudent in him to take Shelter in the City, or the adjacent Parts of it, after his Escape from the Condemn'd Hold; and withal to commit a _Capital Offence_, almost within Sight of _Newgate_, when his Life and all was in such Danger. His Reply was general, _viz._ That it was his Fate: But being ask'd a particular Reason for his not taking a longer Rout than the City, and the Neighbouring parts: pleaded Poverty as his Excuse for Confinement within those Limits; at the same time urging, that had he been Master at that time of five Pounds, _England_ should not have been the Place of his Residence, having a good Trade in his Hands to live in any populated Part of the World. ***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE HISTORY OF THE REMARKABLE LIFE OF JOHN SHEPPARD*** ******* This file should be named 14065.txt or 14065.zip ******* This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/4/0/6/14065 Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. *** START: FULL LICENSE *** THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at https://gutenberg.org/license). Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works 1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. 1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. 1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. 1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United States. 1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: 1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed: This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org 1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. 1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. 1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg-tm License. 1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. 1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided that - You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." - You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work. - You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. 1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. 1.F. 1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. 1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem. 1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. 1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. 1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life. Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation web page at https://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/pglaf. Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official page at https://www.gutenberg.org/about/contact For additional contact information: Dr. Gregory B. Newby Chief Executive and Director gbnewby@pglaf.org Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS. The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit https://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/donate While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate. International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: https://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/donate Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: https://www.gutenberg.org This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.