1

1889–1918

Published by the
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

National Office
70 Fifth Avenue, New York

APRIL, 1919

PRICE FIFTY CENTS

2

4

Until the recent outbreaks in Germany, where, under revolutionary conditions, a few lynchings have taken place, the United States has for long been the only advanced nation whose government has tolerated lynching. The facts are well known to students of public affairs. It is high time that they became the common property, since they are the common shame, of all Americans.

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, within the limits of its financial resources, has been carrying on an educational and publicity campaign in the public press, through its own pamphlet publications and the columns of The Crisis, and through public meetings, to bring home to the American people their responsibility for the persistence of this monstrous blot upon America’s honor. Lynching has had, and to some degree still has, its apologists, who have alleged one and another excuse for it in given cases. But, none of the several pleas which has been made to explain or excuse it can stand the light of reason or find the slightest real justification in a nation governed by law, which has found ample means to cope with lawlessness whenever and wherever the public authorities have taken seriously their oaths of office.

On July 26, 1918, when the nation was at war with the Central Powers, President Wilson appealed to “the governors of all the states, the law officers of every community and, above all, the men and women of every community in the United States, all who revere America and wish to keep her name without stain or reproach, (to) cooperate, not passively merely, but actively and watchfully, to make an end of this disgraceful evil,” saying, “It cannot live where the community does not countenance it.”

Despite President Wilson’s earnest appeal, made under such extraordinary circumstances, lynchings continued during the remaining period of the war with unabated fury. Sixty-three Negroes, five of them women, and four white men fell victims to mob ruthlessness during 1918 and in no case was any member of the mobs convicted in any court and in only two instances were trials held. In both of these instances the mob members were 6acquitted. One case was that of the lynchers of the white man, Robert P. Praeger, in Illinois, the other that of the lynchers of a Negro, Will Bird, in Alabama.

The present publication, “Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States, 1889–1918,” sums up the facts for this period. It is believed that more persons have been lynched than those whose names are given in Appendix II following. Only such cases have been included as were authenticated by such evidence as was given credence by a recognized newspaper or confirmed by a responsible investigator.

In presenting this material we have refrained from editorial comment, restricting our text to a brief summary of the facts which are more fully illustrated in the tables printed in Appendix I. In addition to the two appendices named, and to the summary of the facts disclosed in the tables, we have included a short summary of the actual happenings in the cases of one hundred persons lynched, as taken from press accounts and, in a few cases, from the reports of our own investigators. These data appear under the heading, The Story of One Hundred Lynchings.

Acknowledgment is made to Miss Martha Gruening and to Miss Helen Boardman, who assisted her, for work done in examining the files of leading newspapers and other records for a period of thirty years and in compiling data from which The Story of One Hundred Lynchings has been taken.

More or less accurate records of lynchings have been kept by the Chicago Tribune, Tuskegee Institute and, since 1912, The Crisis and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. These records go back to 1885. In the present study of the subject, we have confined ourselves to the story of the past thirty years, from 1889 to 1918, inclusive. During these years 3,224 persons have been killed by lynching mobs.⁠[3] Seven hundred and two white persons and 2,522 Negroes have been victims.⁠[4] Of the whites lynched, 691 have been men and 11 women; of the colored, 2,472 were men and 50 were women. For the whole period, 78.2 per cent. of the victims were Negroes and 21.8 per cent. white persons.

Distribution of the Lynchings

For the thirty years’ period as a whole, the North has had 219 victims, the South, 2,834, the West, 156, and Alaska and unknown localities, 15 victims. An examination of Table No. 3 will show that the eight South Atlantic States are responsible for 862 of the total of 2,834 for the South as a whole; the four East South Central States have had 1,014 victims, and the four West South Central States 958. Georgia leads in this unholy ascendancy with 386 victims, followed closely by Mississippi with 373 victims, Texas with 335, Louisiana with 313, Alabama with 276, Arkansas with 214, Tennessee with 196, Florida with 178 and Kentucky with 169. The nine states above named are those 8which, for the thirty years’ period, have each a percentage of the total number of lynchings in excess of five per cent.

Fifty colored women and 11 white women were lynched in 14 states. Thirteen of the 14 states in which women fell victims to mobs were Southern states, Nebraska being the only state outside the South which lynched women.

Comparing the northern, southern and western states by five years’ periods (see Table No. 5), the following is noted:

This summation shows that while in all sections of the country there has been a progressive decrease in the number of lynchings at each of the five years’ periods, this decrease in the North and West has far outrun the decrease in the South. The North and West together have lynched 21 persons during the last five years’ period, whereas during the same time 304 persons were lynched in the South.

Georgia began the first five years’ period with 61 lynchings and ended the last five years’ period with exactly the same number. This number, by the way, was the lowest, with one exception, which Georgia reached during the thirty years. Alabama, on the contrary, began with 84, a number one-third greater than Georgia’s, which had been reduced during the last five years’ period to 19. Mississippi began with 91 for the first period and ended with 28 in the latter five years’ period. Georgia and Texas alone, of all the states, have made no proportionate decrease in the number of lynchings during the thirty years’ period. Texas shows an increase during the last five years over her record for three preceding five years’ periods.

In considering these facts it should be borne in mind that the number of lynchings has steadily been decreasing. When, therefore, 9Georgia and Texas show no decrease in the former state and only a small decrease in the latter state, it means that relative to the country as a whole, lynchings have been on the increase in these two states.

Decrease in Lynching During Past Thirty Years

Table No. 8 shows the percentage of decrease in the number of persons lynched during each five years’ period. Comparing the five years, 1914–1918, with the five years, 1889–1893, the table shows a decrease of 61.3 per cent. in the total number of persons lynched. The percentage of decrease in the number of whites lynched was 77.6 and of colored, 54.4. Since 1903 the number of whites lynched has been decreasing steadily. The increase for the period 1914–1918 to 61 white persons lynched is largely accounted for by the fact that in 1915, 43 whites were lynched. Twenty-seven of these were Mexicans who were lynched in the state of Texas. Many citizens of Texas look upon Mexicans in somewhat the same way as they look upon Negroes (alas for democracy), so that the lynching of this number of Mexicans would not be regarded by them in the same light as would the lynching of so many white Texans or other white citizens of the United States.

Except in 1915 and in 1909 and 1910, the number of whites lynched in any year since 1903 has been less than ten. The percentage of whites lynched in the first ten years’ period of our study was 30 per cent; in the second ten years’ period, 12.4 per cent, and in the third ten years’ period, 15 per cent.

Alleged Offenses which Appear as “Causes” for the Lynchings

Table No. 6 sums up the known facts regarding the alleged offenses committed by the men and women lynched. It is to be remembered that the alleged offenses given are pretty loose descriptions of the crimes charged against the mob victims, where actual crime was committed. Of the whites lynched, nearly 46 per cent were accused of murder; a little more than 18 per cent were accused of what have been classified as miscellaneous crimes, i.e., all crimes not otherwise classified; 17.4 per cent were said to have committed crimes against property; 8.7 per cent crimes 10against the person, other than rape, “attacks upon women,” and murder; while 8.4 per cent were accused of rape and “attacks upon women.”

Among colored victims, 35.8 per cent were accused of murder; 28.4 per cent of rape and “attacks upon women” (19 per cent of rape and 9.4 per cent of “attacks upon women”); 17.8 per cent of crimes against the person (other than those already mentioned) and against property; 12 per cent were charged with miscellaneous crimes and in 5.6 per cent of cases no crime at all was charged. The 5.6 per cent. classified under “Absence of Crime” does not include a number of cases in which crime was alleged but in which it was afterwards shown conclusively that no crime had been committed. Further, it may fairly be pointed out that in a number of cases where Negroes have been lynched for rape and “attacks upon white women,” the alleged attacks rest upon no stronger evidence than “entering the room of a woman” or brushing against her. In such cases as these latter the victims and their friends have often asserted that there was no intention on the part of the victim to attack a white woman or to commit rape. In many cases, of course, the evidence points to bona fide attacks upon women.

An examination of Table No. 7 shows that the decreases in succeeding five years’ periods in the number of victims charged with rape and “attacks upon women” have been more pronounced than for any other alleged cause. The percentage of Negroes lynched for alleged rape and attacks upon white women (compared with the total number of Negroes lynched for all causes) in the several five years’ periods is shown in the following summary:

It is apparent that lynchings of Negroes for other causes than the so-called “one crime” have for the whole period been a large majority of all lynchings and that for the past five years, less than one in five of the colored victims have been accused of rape or “attacks upon women” (rape, 11 per cent; attacks upon women, 8.8 per cent; total, 19.8 per cent).

To give concreteness and to make vivid the facts of lynching in the United States, we give below in chronological order an account of one hundred lynchings which have occurred in the period from 1894 to 1918. These “stories,” as they are technically described in newspaper parlance, have been taken from press accounts and, in a few cases, from the reports of investigations made by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Covering twenty-five years of American history, these accounts serve to present a characteristic picture of the lynching sport, as it was picturesquely defined by Henry Watterson.

The last of the “stories” describes one of the rare events in connection with lynchings, that of the conviction of members of a mob involved in such affairs. In this case no lynching was consummated, it having been prevented by the prompt and public-spirited action of the mayor of the city (Winston-Salem, North Carolina), and members of the “Home Guard” and Federal troops who defended the jail against a mob.

ALABAMA, 1894

Three Negroes, Tom Black, Johnson Williams and Tony Johnston, were lynched at Tuscumbia, Alabama. They were in the local jail, awaiting trial on the charge of having burnt a barn. A mob of two hundred masked men entered the jail, after having enticed away the jailer with a false message, took the keys from the jailer’s wife and secured the three prisoners. They were carried to a near-by bridge. Here a rope was placed around the neck of each victim, the other end being tied to the timbers of the bridge, and they were compelled to jump.

New York Tribune, April 23, 1894.

TENNESSEE, 1894

Six Negroes, Daniel Hawkins, Robert Haines, Warner Miller, Edward Hale, John Hayes and Glenn White, were taken from the custody of detective W. S. Richardson and shot to death at Millington, Tennessee, September 1st.

12

They were charged with barn burning but none of them had been tried. The prisoners, who were handcuffed together in a wagon, were ambushed and shot as Richardson was driving them down a ravine. He had been led into the ambush by being told that the bridge he wished to cross had been washed away.

The Coroner’s jury reported that the Negroes came to their death “at the hands of parties unknown.”

New York Tribune, Sept. 2, 1894.

TEXAS, 1895

News has been received of the lynching of a Negro in this part of Madison County on Tuesday night. He was accused of riding his horse over a little white girl and inflicting serious injuries on her. Later developments go to show that the mob got hold of the wrong negro. The guilty one made his escape.

Chicago Tribune, November 22, 1895.

TEXAS, 1897

Robert Henson Hilliard, a Negro, for a murder to which he confessed and for alleged rape, was burned to death by a mob at Tyler, Texas. Hilliard confessed the murder but stated that he killed his victim because he had unwittingly frightened her and feared that he would be killed.

A report of the crime and its punishment was written by an eye-witness and printed by a local publishing house. It ended as follows:

“Note: Hilliard’s power of endurance was the most wonderful thing on record. His lower limbs burned off before he became unconscious and his body looked to be burned to the hollow. Was it decreed by an avenging God as well as an avenging people that his sufferings should be prolonged beyond the ordinary endurance of mortals?

The End

“We have sixteen large views under powerful magnifying lenses now on exhibition. These views are true to life and show the Negro’s attack, the scuffle, the murder, the body as found, etc. With eight views of the trial and burning. For place of exhibit see street bills. Don’t fail to see this.”

Breckenridge-Scruggs Co.

No indictments were found against any of the mob’s members.

GEORGIA, 1899

Sam Hose, a Negro farm laborer, was accused of murdering his employer in a quarrel over wages. He escaped. Several days later, while he was being hunted unsuccessfully, the charge was added that he raped his employer’s wife. He confessed the murder, but refused, even under duress, to confess the other crime.

13

The following account of the lynching is taken from the New York Tribune for April 24, 1899:

“In the presence of nearly 2,000 people, who sent aloft yells of defiance and shouts of joy, Sam Hose (a Negro who committed two of the basest acts known to crime) was burned at the stake in a public road, one and a half miles from here. Before the torch was applied to the pyre, the Negro was deprived of his ears, fingers and other portions of his body with surprising fortitude. Before the body was cool, it was cut to pieces, the bones were crushed into small bits and even the tree upon which the wretch met his fate was torn up and disposed of as souvenirs.

“The Negro’s heart was cut in several pieces, as was also his liver. Those unable to obtain the ghastly relics directly, paid more fortunate possessors extravagant sums for them. Small pieces of bone went for 25 cents and a bit of the liver, crisply cooked, for 10 cents.”

No indictments were ever found against any of the lynchers.

LOUISIANA, 1899

A peculiarly horrible affair occurred two days ago at Lindsay, near Jackson, La. Mitchell Curry, hearing that someone was in his cornfield, took two Negroes and went to drive away the intruder. There had been an attempted assault on a white woman by a Negro, Val Bages, and by some unexplained course of reasoning, Mitchell Curry, on seeing a large Negro in the field, became convinced that the man was the criminal.

The fellow took flight, was followed, and finally climbed a magnolia tree. The tree was surrounded and the Negro ordered to remain where he was while one of the pursuers was sent for rope to hang him. Presently, however, the man deliberately slid down out of the tree, and halfway down he was shot to death. On examination of the body the man’s clothing marked No. 43, was found to be that worn at the State Insane Asylum in the neighboring town of Jackson. On investigation it was learned that the insane occupant had escaped a few days before and the helpless fellow, wandering at large, had suffered death for a crime he had not committed.

Special despatch to New York Tribune, July 27, 1899.

FLORIDA, 1901

Will Wright and Sam Williams, charged with being implicated in a murder, were lynched without trial in jail at Dade City, by a mob of thirty or more men. Sheriff Griffin refused to give up the keys and they broke down the outer door. Unable to break down the steel doors of the cells, they opened fire through the steel bars, shooting both the Negroes to death.

The Coroner’s jury found that they came to their death at the hands of “parties unknown.”

New York Tribune, February 7, 1901.

14

TENNESSEE, 1901

Ballie Crutchfield, a colored woman, was lynched by a mob at Rome, Tennessee, because her brother stole a purse.

The mob took Crutchfield from the custody of the sheriff, and started with him for the place of execution, when he broke from them and escaped.

“This,” says the despatch, “so enraged the mob, that they suspected Crutchfield’s sister of being implicated in the theft and last night’s work was the culmination of that suspicion.”

The Coroner’s jury found the usual verdict that the woman came to her death at the hands of parties unknown.

New York Tribune, March 16, 1901.

LOUISIANA, 1901

Louis Thomas, at Girard, La., a Negro, broke into a local store and stole six bottles of soda-pop. He was later found by a white man named Brown, disposing of its contents, and on being accused of theft, struck his accuser. Brown procured a rifle and shot the Negro twice through the body, but as neither wound proved fatal, a mob of white men took the Negro from the house where he lay wounded and strung him up.

New York Tribune, July 16, 1901.

GEORGIA, 1903

Griffin, Ga.—William Fambro, a Negro, was shot to death on the outskirts of this city late last night by a mob of white men, who fired on his house. Fambro’s wife, who was in the house, escaped injury. The Negro some time ago was arrested on the charge of insulting a white woman and was tried and sentenced to a term in the county chain gang. His fine afterwards was paid by his employer. Over a thousand shots were sent into the building before the mob retired.

Special to the Chicago Tribune, February 24, 1903.

DELAWARE, 1903

George White, a Negro, accused of rape and murder, was taken out of jail at Wilmington, Del., dragged to the scene of his alleged crime and forced to confess. He was tied to a stake, burned and riddled with bullets, even as he was being burned. The Chamber of Commerce of Wilmington, which met a few days later, refused to pass a resolution condemning the lynching but passed one against forest fires.

New York Tribune, June 23, 24, 1903.

15

GEORGIA, 1903

A mob, formed near Liberty County, pursued through seven counties a Negro supposed to be Ed Claus, who had assaulted Susie Johnson, a young white woman, and lynched him, hanging him and shooting him full of holes. After he was lynched it was found he was not Claus.

New York Tribune, July 27, 1903.

MISSISSIPPI, 1904

Luther Holbert, a Doddsville Negro, and his wife were burned at the stake for the murder of James Eastland, a white planter, and John Carr, a Negro. The planter was killed in a quarrel which arose when he came to Carr’s cabin, where he found Holbert, and ordered him to leave the plantation. Carr and a Negro, named Winters, were also killed.

Holbert and his wife fled the plantation but were brought back and burned at the stake in the presence of a thousand people. Two innocent Negros had been shot previous to this by a posse looking for Holbert, because one of them, who resembled Holbert, refused to surrender when ordered to do so. There is nothing in the story to indicate that Holbert’s wife had any part in the crime.

New York Tribune, February 8, 1904.

ALABAMA, 1904

For murdering and robbing a peddler, Horace Maples, a Negro, was hung and then shot full of holes at Huntsville, September 7th. The mob secured his release from jail by building a fire in the hallway in the jail, the jailer surrendering the prisoner finally because there seemed no other way of saving the other prisoners from asphyxiation.

Ray Stannard Baker, “Following the Color Line.”

GEORGIA, 1904

For the brutal murder of a white family (the Hodges family) at Statesboro’, Georgia, two Negroes, Paul Reed and Will Cato, were burned alive in the presence of a large crowd. They had been duly convicted and sentenced, when the mob broke into the courtroom and carried them away, in spite of the plea of a brother of the murdered man, who was present in the court, that the law be allowed to take its course. None of the lynchers were ever indicted.

Ray Stannard Baker, “Following the Color Line,” Chicago Tribune, December 31, 1904.

16

GEORGIA, 1904

Because of the race prejudice growing out of the Hodges murder by Reed and Cato and their lynching, Albert Roger and his son were lynched at Statesboro’, Ga., August 17, for being Negroes. A number of other Negroes were whipped for no other offense.

Ray Stannard Baker’s “Following the Color Line,” Chicago Tribune, December 31, 1904.

GEORGIA, 1904

On account of the race riots which grew out of the above murder (Hodges) and lynching, McBride, a respectable Negro of Portal, Ga., was beaten, kicked and shot to death for trying to defend his wife, who was confined with a baby, three days old, from a whipping at the hands of a crowd of white men.

Ray Stannard Baker, “Following the Color Line,” Chicago Tribune, December 31, 1904.

GEORGIA, 1905

At Watkinsville, Georgia, a masked mob entered the jail at 2 A.M. and took out nine prisoners, one white man and eight Negroes. Eight were shot to death and one, a Negro, escaped only by shamming death. The mob overpowered the town marshall and the jailer, carried the men out and tied them to fence posts by their necks and then fired five volleys into their bodies. Only one of the prisoners had been convicted. This was Rich Allen, a Negro, under sentence of death for the murder of another Negro. All the others were awaiting trial, the various charges against them being murder, larceny and attempted rape. The mob had announced its intention of clearing the jail, but one Negro, charged with gambling on the misdemeanor side of the jail, escaped their notice.

New York Tribune, June 30, 1905.

LOUISIANA, 1906

For the crime of killing a white man’s cow, William Carr, a Negro, was killed at Planquemines, Louisiana. The lynching was conducted in a most orderly manner, Carr being taken from the Sheriff without resistance by a mob of thirty masked men, hurried to the nearest railroad bridge and hanged without ceremony.

Despatch to New York Tribune, March 18, 1906.

17

TENNESSEE, 1906

Ed Johnson, a Negro, convicted of rape and sentenced to be hanged, was granted an appeal by the Supreme Court of the United States. Johnson was in jail at Chattanooga, Tennessee. A mob broke down the jail door, took him out and hanged him.

New York Tribune, March 20, 1906.

SOUTH CAROLINA, 1906

For attempting to enter a house and frightening a child who was alone in it, Willie Spain, a young Negro at St. George, S. C., was taken from jail and hung to a tree. The mob then shot five hundred bullets into his body.

New York Tribune, August 24, 1906.

ARKANSAS, 1910

Pine Bluff, Ark., March 25.—Resenting alleged improper conduct on the part of Judge Jones, a Negro, and a young white woman, a mob of forty men gathered at the county jail here tonight, overpowered the jailer and his deputies, and hanged the Negro.

Special to the Chicago Tribune, March 26, 1910.

KENTUCKY, 1911

Shelbyville, Ky., January 15, 1911

(Special)

Just at sunrise this morning two local Negroes took the hemp cure for propensity to insult white women. So effective was it that the mob who administered it decided to hold one more clinic. At this session an aged Negro paid the penalty for beheading a Negro woman.

An unusual feature of the lynching was that the two young Negroes who were strung up for insulting white girls, both broke the rope by which they were suspended. Each made a dash for safety and was riddled with bullets, although one of the bodies has not yet been discovered, and the suspicion is that he crawled to some underbrush to die. The mob numbered only twenty men, all masked.

Before they went to the Shelby County jail, the lynchers raided a blacksmith shop and obtained sledge hammers and bolt cutters and other tools. On account of the smallness of the mob and the conduct of its members, entrance was gained to the jail office before the deputies on watch realized that a lynching was to be attempted. The officials were covered with a dozen rifles and ordered to give up the keys to the cells, but this they refused to do, and the lynchers did not insist. Instead, they began battering down the cell doors with the sledges and the bolt cutters. When they had taken Wade Patterson and Jim West from their cells, some one suggested that they might 18as well hang old Gene Marshall, a Negro awaiting death sentence. All three Negroes pleaded for their lives but the lynchers paid no attention to them. The lynching was devoid of the minor brutalities that frequently mark such occasions. There was no abuse of the prisoners. The mob was made of quiet, determined men whose mission was to execute but not to torture. The prisoners were led in silence to the Chesapeake and Ohio bridge over the Emminance Pike.... The two Negroes were to have been arraigned tomorrow.

Special to the Chicago Tribune, January 16, 1911.

OKLAHOMA, 1911

At Okemah, Oklahoma, Laura Nelson, a colored woman, accused of murdering a deputy sheriff who had discovered stolen goods in her house, was lynched together with her son, a boy about fifteen. The woman and her son were taken from the jail, dragged about six miles to the Canadian River, and hanged from a bridge. The woman was raped by members of the mob before she was hanged.

The Crisis, July, 1911.

FLORIDA, 1911

At Lake City, Fla., a Negro named Norris quarreled with a white man, apparently over a trivial matter, the result being a murderous assault on the Negro by the white man. The matter came up before a justice of the peace and the Negro was exonerated.

Later, the white man accompanied by several other white men, came to the Negro’s house and reopened the quarrel. In the shooting affray that followed one white man was killed and another wounded. Norris and his associates awaited the coming of the sheriff and surrendered to him. Six of them were arrested and sent to Lake City for safe-keeping. A party of lynchers gained admission to the jail by means of a forged telegram and secured the Negroes under pretext of taking them to Jacksonville for greater protection. They then took them to the outskirts of the town and shot them to death.

Investigation by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

SOUTH CAROLINA, 1911

Will Jackson was lynched at Honeapath, S. C., for an alleged attack on a white child. He was hanged to a tree by his feet and his body riddled with bullets. His fingers were cut off for souvenirs. The mob was led by Joshua W. Ashleigh, a local member of the State Legislature, and his son, while Victor B. Chesire, editor of a local newspaper, The Intelligencer, after taking part in the lynching, got out a special edition telling about it in the following words: “The Intelligencer man went out to see the fun without the least 19objection to being a party to help lynch the brute.” The then Governor of the State, Cole Blease, absolutely refused to use the power of his office to bring the lynchers to justice, and the Coroner’s jury found that the Negro came to his death “at the hands of parties unknown.”

The Crisis, December, 1911.

GEORGIA, 1911

Two colored men, Allen and Watts, were lynched in Monroe, Georgia, one for an alleged attack on a white woman, the other for “loitering in a suspicious manner.” Judge Chas. H. Brand ordered Allen brought to Monroe for trial although it was known that the citizens had organized a mob to lynch him. The Judge was offered troops by the Governor to protect the prisoner but refused. Allen was sent to Monroe in charge of two officers. The train was stopped and he was taken off and shot. The mob then proceeded to Monroe where they stormed the jail, took out Watts and hanged and shot him. The same Judge had refused to ask for troops on a previous occasion, saying that he “would not imperil the life of one man to save the lives of a hundred Negroes.”

No indictments were found against the lynchers.

The Crisis, August, 1911.

PENNSYLVANIA, 1911

For shooting and killing a constable in a fight, the details of which were not known, Zach Walker, a Negro of Coatesville, Pennsylvania, was taken from the hospital, where he lay wounded as a result of the fight, dragged through the streets on the cot to which he was chained and burned alive.

The bedstead was broken in half, and the man, still chained to the lower half, was dragged half a mile along the ground, thrown upon a pile of wood, drenched with oil and burned alive.

Other human beings, to the number of several hundred, looked on in approval. When Walker, with superhuman strength, burst his bonds and tried to escape, they drove him back with pitchforks and fence rails and held him there until his body was burnt to ashes. Those who could get fragments of his charred bones, took them off as souvenirs.

Albert Jay Nock in the American Magazine, February, 1913.

All attempts to indict members of the mob failed. They were given an ovation by their fellow-citizens when they returned from the Grand Jury.

GEORGIA, 1911

T. W. Walker, a colored man of Washington, Ga., killed C. S. Hollinshead, a wealthy planter of the same place. It was stated that there was no apparent cause for the crime, but a Northern colored paper published the charge that Walker killed Hollinshead for attacking his wife and an Atlanta paper reprinted 20it. A crowd of white men tried to lynch Walker, who had been sentenced to death, but were so drunk that he succeeded in escaping. He was caught and resentenced to instant execution. Before he could be taken from the court room, a brother of Hollinshead shot and severely wounded him. He was then taken out and hanged, the court announcing that the brother would not be prosecuted. The only arrest made in connection with the affair was that of the Negro editor who published the charge against Hollinshead.

The Crisis, January, 1912.

TENNESSEE, 1911

Ben Pettigrew, a successful Negro farmer, and his two daughters, were on their way to Savannah, Tenn., taking a load of seed cotton to a cotton gin there. They were ambushed by four white men who shot the father, hanged the daughters and then drove the load of cotton under the tree from which their bodies dangled and set fire to it.

The case is remarkable, because two of the murderers, friendless, ignorant white boys, were ultimately hanged for their part in it.

The Crisis, January, 1912.

LOUISIANA, 1912

At Yellowpine, La., Ernest Allums, a colored boy of nineteen, was whipped for insulting women. The accounts vary as to the manner in which they were insulted, one report saying that he wrote “suggestive letters” and another that the insults were sent over the telephone. He was ordered to leave town but refused and was lynched.

The Crisis, June, 1912.

WEST VIRGINIA, 1912

In Bluefield, W. Va., September 4, 1912, Robert Johnson was lynched for attempted rape. When he was accused he gave an alibi and proved every statement that he made. He was taken before the girl who had been attacked and she failed to identify him. She had previously described very minutely the clothes her assailant wore. When she failed to identify Johnson in the clothes he had, the Bluefield police dressed him to fit the description and again took him before her. This time she screamed on seeing him, “That’s the man.” Her father had also failed to identify him but now he declared himself positive that he recognized Johnson as the guilty man. Thereupon Johnson was dragged out by a mob, protesting his innocence, and after being severely abused, was hung to a telegraph pole. Later his innocence was conclusively established.

“The Lynching of Robert Johnson,” James Oppenheim in The Independent, October 10, 1912.

21

GEORGIA, 1912

Anne Bostwick, a Negro servant woman subject to violent fits of insanity, who stabbed her mistress to death in one of them, was lynched at Pinehurst, Ga., June 24th. According to the Coroner’s jury “she came to her death at the hands of parties unknown.” A special correspondent to the Cincinnati Inquirer, however, writes:

“Great crowds attended and saw the shot-riddled body of the Negress cut from the tree. Sheriff Bennett has made no arrests and none are expected. The truth is that there is general rejoicing over the lynching of the Negress and the lynchers are known to everybody. The Negress was lynched from an auto. The machine in which she was sitting was driven under a tree, a rope placed about her neck and the other end tied to a limb of the tree. The machine was started at high speed and the Negress left hanging. Her body was then shot to pieces. Her eyes were shot out and such a fusillade directed at her waist that she was cut in two.”

The same paper says of the verdict:

“The verdict was rendered in the face of the fact that the automobiles in which the lynching party pursued the slayer and the sheriff are known to be owned by some of the most prominent citizens of Cordele, Vienna and Pinehurst.”

The Macon Telegraph said as to the woman’s sanity:

“While living here (Fort Valley) the lynched Negress was tried by a jury and found a fit subject for the lunatic asylum but owing to the crowded condition of that institution she could not be received. In her rational moments she was a good reliable servant, but became violent at times.”

The Crisis, August, 1912.

GEORGIA, 1912

At Jackson, Georgia, Henry Etheridge was lynched April 26 for being active in securing recruits for a colony to Africa. Race prejudice is also given as the cause.

The Crisis, June, 1912.

Chicago Tribune, December 31, 1912.

TEXAS, 1912

Dan Davis, a Negro, was burned at the stake at Tyler, Texas, for the crime of attempted rape, May 25, 1912.

There was some disappointment in the crowd and criticism of those who had bossed the arrangements, because the fire was so slow in reaching the Negro. It was really only ten minutes after the fire was started that smoking shoe soles and twitching of the Negro’s feet indicated that his lower extremities were burning, but the time seemed much longer. The spectators had waited so long to see him tortured that they begrudged the ten minutes before his suffering really began.

The Negro had uttered but few words. When he was led to where he was to be burned he said quite calmly, “I wish some of you gentlemen would be 22Christian enough to cut my throat,” but nobody responded. When the fire started, he screamed “Lord, have mercy on my soul,” and that was the last word he spoke, though he was conscious for fully twenty minutes after that. His exhibition of nerve aroused the admiration even of his torturers.

A slight hitch in the proceedings occurred when the Negro was about half burned. His clothing had been stripped off and burned to ashes by the flames and his black body hung nude in the gray dawn light. The flesh had been burned from his legs as high as the knees when it was seen that the wood supply was running short. None of the men or boys were willing to miss an incident of the torture. All feared something of more than usual interest might happen, and it would be embarrassing to admit later on not having seen it on account of being absent after more wood.

Something had to be done, however, and a few men from the edge of the crowd, ran after more dry-goods boxes, and by reason of this “public service” gained standing room in the inner circle after having delivered the fuel. Meanwhile the crowd jeered the dying man and uttered shocking comments suggestive of a cannibalistic spirit. Some danced and sang to testify to their enjoyment of the occasion.

Special correspondence of the St. Louis Post-Despatch.

The Crisis, June, September, 1912.

MISSISSIPPI, 1914

Sam Petty, a Negro, accused of having killed a deputy sheriff, Chas. W. (Kirkland), was lynched at Leland, Miss.

Petty, wanted on a trivial charge, killed Kirkland with a shot-gun when the officer entered a cabin late today, in which the Negro had taken refuge. Petty was captured by a posse, bound and placed in an oil-soaked, dry-goods box and the match applied. A moment later, the man, his clothing aflame, broke from his fastenings and started to run, but before he could gain headway, was shot dead.

The body was put in the box, fresh inflammables were piled about it and within half an hour it was burnt to ashes.

Associated Press Despatch, February 24, 1914.

LOUISIANA, 1914

K. McKnight, T. Lewis and M. Suden were lynched without trial because they were accused of murdering a postmaster. One of them, an old man, bore an excellent reputation in the neighborhood. There was no evidence against him and even under duress he refused to confess to the crime. He was burnt at the stake in the presence of a large crowd, which included a local theatrical troupe.

The Crisis, January, February, 1915.

The conviction is irresistible that the old man who was burned to death had nothing whatever to do with the crime. If he had been guilty, the torture 23to which he was subjected would have forced a confession and the wonder is that he did not confess, anyhow, in the agony of his roasting flesh, as many innocent victims have done in the vain hope of escaping torture. In all probability the guilty murderers of the village postmaster are at large, while the blood of innocents rests upon the hands of those who took it upon themselves to discharge the functions of the law.

Editorial, Houston, Texas, Post.

OKLAHOMA, 1914

Marie Scott of Wagoner County, a seventeen-year-old Negro girl, was lynched by a mob of white men because her brother killed one of two white men who had assaulted her. She was alone in the house when the men entered, but her screams brought her brother to the rescue. In the fight that ensued one of the white men was killed. The next day the mob came to lynch her brother, but as he had escaped, lynched the girl instead. No one has ever been indicted for this crime.

The Crisis, June, 1914.

GEORGIA, 1915

The Aftermath

A Georgia sheriff was murdered something over a year ago. Naturally, there was intense excitement (in Worth County) where the crime was committed and of the six Negroes who were arrested, five were promptly hanged by a mob. The sixth one, Jim Keith, chanced to be rescued from the lynchers, much to their indignation. He was put on trial and convicted of complicity in the murder, but not of actual participation in it, and he was sentenced to imprisonment for life. Recently some new facts came to light and in the second trial that was accorded to Keith, because of their importance, not only was he cleared by the jury of having any hand at all in the killing, but it was also proved that the five Negroes who were lynched were equally guiltless.

From an editorial in the New York Times, February 12, 1917.

NORTH CAROLINA, 1916

Joseph Black was hanged at Kingston, N. C., because his son was accused of attacking a white child. He was arrested and taken out of the reach of mob violence by the officer, so the mob lynched the father instead.

The Crisis, May, 1916.

TEXAS, 1916

Jesse Washington, a defective Negro boy, of about nineteen, unable to read and write, was employed as farm hand in Robinson, a small town near Waco, Texas. One day, the wife of his employer found fault with him, 24whereupon he struck her on the head with a hammer and killed her. There is some, but not conclusive, evidence that he raped her. He was arrested, tried, found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging within ten days of the commission of the crime. As the sentence was pronounced, a mob of fifteen hundred white men, who feared the law’s delays, broke into the courtroom and seized the prisoner. He was dragged through the streets, stabbed, mutilated and finally burned to death in the presence of a crowd of 15,000 men, women and children. The Mayor and Chief of Police of Waco also witnessed the lynching.

After death what was left of his body was dragged through the streets and parts of it sold as souvenirs. His teeth brought $5 apiece and the chain that had bound him 25 cents a link. No one was ever indicted for participating in the lynching.

Investigation by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

FLORIDA, 1916

Boisy Long, a Negro farmer of Newberry, Fla., was accused by some white farmers of hog stealing. The sheriff came to arrest Long at two o’clock in the morning. With him was another white man, who was supposed to be the owner of the hogs in question, and to have sworn out the warrant. What occurred in the house is not known, but both the white men were shot, the sheriff dying of the wound.

Long escaped, so that when the Newberry people came to get him they took his wife, Stella Long, and a friend of hers, Mrs. Dennis, on the ground that they refused to give information. It is said that they were tortured to get the information.

The citizens of Newberry and Gainesville continued to look for Long. They did not find him but they met James Dennis, and shot him. James Dennis’s brother went into Newberry to buy a coffin and they threw him in jail. Then they met Josh Baskin, a neighbor of the Longs and Dennises, and a preacher. They hanged him. Then they went to the jail, brought out the three Negroes already in jail and hanged them. Mary Dennis was the mother of two children and was pregnant. Stella Long had four children.

Boisy Long has been captured and indicted for shooting the sheriff and the other white man. None of the lynchers has been indicted.

Investigation by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

SOUTH CAROLINA, 1916

Anthony Crawford, a wealthy Negro farmer of Abbeville, S. C., came into town to sell a load of cotton and cotton seed. He got into a dispute with a white storekeeper over the price of the cotton seed and cursed him. He was arrested for disorderly conduct and released on $15 bail. A mob, enraged 25at this miscarriage of justice, pursued him into a cotton gin and in self-defense, he struck the leader with a hammer, crushing his skull but not fatally injuring him. The mob then dragged him out, beat, kicked, stabbed and partially blinded him. He was rescued with some difficulty by the sheriff and removed to the county jail. The same afternoon the mob broke into the jail, dragged him out through the streets to the fair grounds, hung him to a tree and riddled his body with bullets. Not one of the lynchers was ever indicted.

Roy Nash, Independent, Dec. 11, 1916, Investigation by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

TENNESSEE, 1917

On April 30, Antoinette Rappal, a sixteen-year-old white girl, living on the outskirts of Memphis, disappeared on her way to school. On May third her body was found in a river, her head severed from it. On May 6 a Negro woodchopper, Ell Person, was arrested on suspicion. Under third degree methods he confessed to the crime of murder. The Grand Jury of Shelby County immediately indicted him for murder in the first degree.

The prisoner was taken secretly to the State penitentiary at Nashville. It was known that he would be brought back for trial to Memphis. Each incoming train was searched, and arrangements were made for a lynching.

On May 15 the sheriff disappeared from Memphis. He returned on May 18, announcing that he was informed that several mobs were between Arlington and Memphis. The men were reported to be drinking. “I didn’t want to hurt anybody and I didn’t want to get hurt,” he said, “so I went South into Mississippi.”

The press did nothing to quell the mob spirit, and on May 21 announced that Ell Person would be brought to Memphis that night. Thousands of persons on foot and in automobiles went to the place that had been prepared for the lynching.

With a knowledge of these conditions, Person was brought back from Nashville, guarded only by two deputies. Without difficulty he was taken from the train, placed in an automobile, and driven to the spot prepared for his death.

The Memphis Press reported the lynching in full. We give a few of its statements.

“Fifteen thousand of them—men, women, even little children, and in their midst the black-clothed figure of Antoinette Rappal’s mother—cheered as they poured the gasoline on the axe fiend and struck the match.

“They fought and screamed and crowded to get a glimpse of him, and the mob closed in and struggled about the fire as the flames flared high and the smoke rolled about their heads. Two of them hacked off his ears as he burned; another tried to cut off a toe but they stopped him.

“The Negro lay in the flames, his hands crossed on his chest. If he spoke no one ever heard him over the shouts of the crowd. He died quickly, though fifteen minutes later excitable persons still shouted that he lived when they saw the charred remains move as does meat on a hot frying pan.

26

“‘They burned him too quick! They burned him too quick!’ was the complaint on all sides.”

Investigation of the burning of Ell Person at Memphis, by James Weldon Johnson. Published by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

TENNESSEE, 1918

Jim McIlherron, was prosperous in a small way. He was a Negro who resented the slights and insults of white men. He went armed and the sheriff feared him. On February 8 he got into a quarrel with three young white men who insulted him. Threats were made and McIlherron fired six shots, killing two of the men.

He fled to the home of a colored clergyman who aided him to escape, and was afterwards shot and killed by a mob. McIlherron was captured and full arrangements made for a lynching. Men, women and children started into the town of Estill Springs from a radius of fifty miles. A spot was chosen for the burning. McIlherron was chained to a hickory tree while the mob howled about him. A fire was built a few feet away and the torture began. Bars of iron were heated and the mob amused itself by putting them close to the victim, at first without touching him. One bar he grasped and as it was jerked from his grasp all the inside of his hand came with it. Then the real torturing began, lasting for twenty minutes.

During that time, while his flesh was slowly roasting, the Negro never lost his nerve. He cursed those who tortured him and almost to the last breath derided the attempts of the mob to break his spirit.

Walter F. White, in The Crisis, May, 1918.

GEORGIA, 1918

Hampton Smith, a white farmer, had the reputation of ill treating his Negro employees. Among those whom he abused was Sidney Johnson, a Negro peon, whose fine of thirty dollars he had paid when he was up before the court for gaming. After having been beaten and abused, the Negro shot and killed Smith as he sat in his window at home. He also shot and wounded Smith’s wife.

For this murder a mob of white men of Georgia for a week, May 17 to 24, engaged in a hunt for the guilty man, and in the meantime lynched the following innocent persons: Will Head, Will Thompson, Hayes Turner, Mary Turner, his wife, for loudly proclaiming her husband’s innocence, Chime Riley and four unidentified Negroes. Mary Turner was pregnant and was hung by her feet. Gasoline was thrown on her clothing and it was set on fire. Her body was cut open and her infant fell to the ground with a little cry, to be crushed to death by the heel of one of the white men present. The mother’s body was then riddled with bullets. The murderer, Sidney Johnson, was at length located in a house at Valdosta.

27

The house was surrounded by a posse headed by the Chief of Police and Johnson, who was known to be armed, fired until his shot gave out, wounding the Chief. The house was entered and Johnson found dead. His body was mutilated. After the lynching more than 500 Negroes left the vicinity of Valdosta, leaving hundreds of acres of untilled land behind them.

The Lynchings of May, 1918, in Brooks and Lowndes Counties, Georgia, by Walter F. White. Published by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

MISSISSIPPI, 1918

On Friday night, December 20, 1918, four Negroes, Andrew Clark, age 15; Major Clark, age 20; Maggie Howze, age 20; and Alma Howze, age 16, were taken from the little jail at Shubuta and lynched on a bridge over the Chickasawha River. They were suspected of having murdered a Dr. E. L. Johnston, a dentist.

An investigation disclosed the following facts: That Dr. Johnston was living in illicit relations with Maggie Howze and Alma Howze. That Major Clark, a youth working on Johnston’s plantation wished to marry Maggie. That Dr. Johnston went to Clark and told him to leave his woman alone. That this led to a quarrel, made the more bitter when it was found that Maggie was to have a child by Dr. Johnston; and that the younger sister was also pregnant, said to be by Dr. Johnston.

Shortly after this Johnston was mysteriously murdered. There were two theories as to his death; one that he was killed by Clark, the other that he was killed by a white man who had accused him of seducing a white woman. It was generally admitted that Johnston was a loose character.

Alma Howze was so near to motherhood when lynched that it was said by an eye-witness at her burial on the second day following, that the movements of her unborn child could be detected.

Investigation by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

NORTH CAROLINA, 1918

Mob Leaders Go To Prison

Realizing that if a lyncher is permitted to remain unpunished the decency of the community is greatly endangered, Judge B. F. Long of the Superior Court sentenced fifteen white men, indicted for participation in a riot in Winston-Salem, Nov. 17, to serve from fourteen months to six years in prison. The men were found guilty of attempting to lynch Russell High, a prisoner in the city jail.

The fifteen men were a part of a mob that for a night and morning terrorized Winston-Salem, and in their efforts to lynch a black man, innocent of the crime of assault for which he had been arrested on suspicion, put life and property in peril and incidentally killed four people, one a little white 28girl. The Mayor of the city acted with promptitude and courage, calling out the Home Guards and the fire department which played water on the mob. Nearly every policeman was hurt. The Governor rushed troops from Camp Green at Charlotte. For many days cannon guarded the streets. “We don’t mean to be sentimental on this matter,” a prominent business man is quoted as saying, “but we aren’t going to have our city’s good name spoilt by a lynching.”

Condensed from reports of the North Carolina press.

30

31

33

34

36

37

38

39

40

ALLEGED CAUSES (WHITE VICTIMS)
1889–1918

ALLEGED CAUSES (NEGRO VICTIMS)
1889–1918

41

PERSONS LYNCHED, 1889–1918
BY STATES.⁠[13]⁠

ALABAMA

1889

• Jan. 15 MEADOWS, GEORGE Pratt Mines, Jefferson Co. Rape
• May 22 DICKSON, NOAH Walnut Grove, Etowah Co. Rape
• Sept. 2 TWO UNKNOWN NEGROES (2) Montevallo, Shelby Co. Murder
• “ 27 STEELE, JOHN Birmingham, Jefferson Co. Murder
• Oct. 4 STARK Locality undetermined Supposed murder
• Dec. 27 WILSON, BUD Tuscaloosa, Tuscaloosa Co. Attempted rape

1890

• Mar. 22 MOSELEY, ROBERT Huntsville, Madison Co. Rape
• “ 31 GRIFFIN, FRANK Stanton, Chilton Co. Rape
• Apr. 2 UNKNOWN Brantley, Crenshaw Co. Murder
• July 13 JONES, JOHN Anniston, Calhoun Co. Robbery
• “ 25 UNKNOWN NEGRO Riverton, Colbert Co. Miscegenation
• Aug. 12 COOK, ISAAC Montgomery, Montgomery Co. Desperado

1891

• Apr. 2 GROHAN, ZACHIOLI Whistler, Mobile Co. Rape
• “ 15 ELLIOTT, ROXIE (woman) Centerville, Bibb Co.
• “ 25 RANDALL Winfield, Marion Co. Robbery and murder
• July 6 BROWN, ROBERT Locality undetermined Rape
• “ 6 BROWN, CALVIN Locality undetermined Rape
• “ 26 UNDERWOOD, JESSE Tuscumbia, Colbert Co. Rape
• Aug. 1 WILLIAMS, ELLA Henry Co. Incendiarism
• “ 1 WILLIAMS, WILLIAM Henry Co. Incendiarism
• “ 1 LOWE, WILLIS Henry Co. Incendiarism
• “ 1 LOWE, ELIZA Henry Co. Incendiarism
• “ 21 PORTER, RAY Clanton, Chilton Co. Cause not given
• Sept. 3 SIMS, JAMES Choctaw Co. Murder
• “ 29 TWO UNKNOWN NEGROES Georgiana, Butler Co. Murder
• Oct. 1 BROWN, JOHN Childersburg, Talladega Co. Testifying against whites
• “ 15 WRIGHT, SAM Helena, Shelby Co. Rape
• Dec. 22 MILLER, JESSE Bibb Co. Outlaw
• “ 26 SIMS, ROBERT Choctaw Co. Outlaw
• “ 26 FOUR SAVAGE BROTHERS Choctaw Co. Outlaw
• “ 27 SIMS, JOHN Choctaw Co. Outlaw
• “ 27 SIMS, MOSELY Choctaw Co. Outlaw

1892

• Jan. 18 HINTON, HENRY Choctaw Co. Outlaw
• Feb. 13 TWO NEGROES Sylvan, Tuscaloosa Co. Incendiarism
• “ 14 WEBB, WILEY Selma, Dallas Co. Rape
• Mar. 10 UNKNOWN NEGRO Macon Co. Assault
• Apr. 1 MULLENS, JOHN Locality undetermined Murder
• “ 19 WILLIAMS, JERRY Inverness, Bullock Co. Murder
• “ 19 DAVIS, GEORGE Inverness, Bullock Co. Murder
• “ 19 WILLIAMS, WILLIAM Inverness, Bullock Co. Murder
• “ 19 ROBERTS, ALBERT Inverness, Bullock Co. Murder
• May 8 HOES, GEORGE Butler, Choctaw Co. Rape
• “ 16 ROWDER, BERRY Childersburg, Talladega Co. Robbery
• “ 16 ROWDER, JAMES Childersburg, Talladega Co. Robbery
• “ 16 CANTOR, WILLIAM Childersburg, Talladega Co. Robbery
• June 23 CHAMBLERS, CHRISTOPHER Red Creek Bay, Locality Undetermined Attempted murder
• 44July 5 UNKNOWN NEGRO Jasper, Walker Co. Attempted rape
• “ 8 PRATER, EDWARD Clay Co. Rape
• Oct. 13 JONES, BURRELL Monroeville, Monroe Co. Murder
• “ 13 JONES, MOSES Monroeville, Monroe Co. Murder
• “ 13 TWO NEGROES Monroeville, Monroe Co. Murder
• “ 30 PARKER, ALLEN New Monroesville, Monroe Co. Incendiarism
• Dec. 30 HOPP, JAMES Greenville, Butler Co. Murder
• “ 30 KELLY, CHARLES Greenville, Butler Co. Murder

1893

• Jan. 19 WILLIAMS, JAMES Pickens Co. Rape
• Apr. 14 ONLU, ED Eufala, Barbour Co. Murder
• June 24 EDWARDS, DAN. Selma, Dallas Co. Rape
• “ 27 MURPHY, ERNEST Daleville, Dale Co. Rape
• July 17 UNKNOWN NEGRO Brierfield, Bibb Co. Murder
• Aug. 13 CHAMBERS, KURT Coffeyville, Clarke Co. Desperado
• “ 13 JAMES, LEE Coffeyville, Clarke Co. Desperado
• Sept. 6 UNKNOWN NEGRO Centerville, Bibb Co. Rape
• “ 15 HULL, PAUL Carrolton, Pickens Co. Arson
• “ 15 ARCHER PAUL Carrolton, Pickens Co. Arson
• “ 15 FAIR, EMMA Carrolton, Pickens Co. Arson
• Dec. 8 MINTY, BENJAMIN Berlin, Dallas Co. Alleged murder
• “ 8 GIOHEN, JOSEPH Berlin, Dallas Co. Alleged murder
• “ 8 WILKINS, ROBERT Berlin, Dallas Co. Alleged murder
• “ 10 TWO NEGROES Locality undetermined Murder
• “ 12 FOUR NEGROES Near Selma, Dallas Co. Attempted robbery
• “ 28 SEGARS, MACK Brantley, Crenshaw Co. Unknown offense

1894

• Feb. 17 HENDRICKS Stanton, Chilton Co. Murder
• “ 17 GEORGE, W. Stanton, Chilton Co. Murder
• “ 17 SEDDON, A. Stanton, Chilton Co. Murder
• “ 26 DOUGLAS, T. Locality undetermined Murder
• Mar. 29 JACKSON, OLIVER Montgomery, Montgomery Co. Murder
• Apr. 2 ENGLISH, HOLLAND Bakerhill, Barbour Co. Murder
• “ 5 TWO NEGROES Near Selma, Dallas Co. Alleged murder
• “ 14 LEWIS, WILLIAM Lamison Murder
• “ 22 BLACK, THOMAS Tuscumbia, Colbert Co. Barn burning
• “ 22 WILLIAMS, JOHN Tuscumbia, Colbert Co. Barn burning
• “ 22 JOHNSON, TONY Tuscumbia, Colbert Co. Barn burning
• July 19 BROWNLEE, JOHN Oxford, Calhoun Co. Political cause
• Nov. 14 MOSELEY, ROBERT Dolimite, Jefferson Co. Rape
• Dec. 11 BRONSON, GEORGE Clarke Co. Murder
• “ 11 SMITH, CHARLES Clarke Co. Murder
• “ 11 BROWN, LEE Clarke Co. Murder

1895

• Mar. 19 DAWSON, DANIEL Tyler, Dallas Co. Alleged arson
• “ 19 HOLMAN, ROBERT Tyler, Dallas Co. Alleged arson
• “ 19 HOLMAN, JOSEPH Tyler, Dallas Co. Alleged arson
• Apr. 15 DUNEGAN, MANUEL Chilton Co. To prevent evidence
• Apr. 21 COLLEY, ZEB. Greenville, Butler Co. Alleged murder
• “ 21 RATTLER, JOHN Greenville, Butler Co. Alleged murder
• “ 21 DEANE, MARY Greenville, Butler Co. Alleged murder
• “ 21 GREEN, MARTHA Greenville, Butler Co. Alleged murder
• “ 21 GREEN, ALICE Greenville, Butler Co. Alleged murder
• May 5 HAMES, ANDY Stevenson, Jackson Co. Murder
• “ 19 SHIVERS, JERIDO Coffee Co. Rape
• “ 31 FREEMAN, JAMES Columbus City, Marshall Co. Rape
• June 5 POWELL, JAMES Locality undetermined Attempted rape
• “ 13 ALEXANDER, J. M. Tuskegee, Macon Co. Protecting negro
• “ 26 BROWNE, THOMAS Point Clear, Baldwin Co. Burglary
• Oct. 5 McGRADY, TOBE Perote, Bullock Co. Rape
• “ 22 HENDERSON, JOHN Vinegar Bend, Washington Co. Attempted rape

1896

• Feb. 10 LEEDS, JAMES Seddon, Saint Clair Co. Attempted assault
• “ 17 WILSON, ROBERT Montgomery, Montgomery Co. Murder
• Apr. 12 ADAMS, REDDRICK Seale, Russell Co. Murder
• May 9 WILLIAMS, EDEN Manitua, Green Co. Incest
• June 20 ORR, LEON Locality undetermined Rape
• “ 24 WESTMORELAND, WILLIAM Montgomery, Montgomery Co. Murder
• Aug. 1 MORELEY, ISADORE Near Selma, Dallas Co. Attempted murder
• “ 1 HUNTER, WILLIAM Near Selma, Dallas Co. Attempted murder
• Sept. 27 FITCH, JOHN Locality undetermined Attempted rape
• 45Oct. 10 ANDERSON, JAMES Taylor Ferry, Houston or Madison Alleged murder
• Oct. 10 CYAT, HENRY Locality undetermined Alleged murder
• “ 12 UNKNOWN NEGRO Locality undetermined Murder
• “ 14 UNKNOWN NEGRO Toadvine Murder
• “ 21 HOLLINSHEAD Washington Co. Turning State’s evidence
• Dec. 7 WARDLEY, WILLIAM Irondale, Jefferson Co. Passing counterfeit money
• “ 22 JAMES, JOSEPH Woodstock, Bibb Co. Rape

1897

• Jan. 31 JACKSON, JAMES Bibb Co. Murder
• Mar. 18 BEARD, ANDY Kennedy, Lamar Co. Elopement with white girl
• “ 20 SMITH, JOHN Scottsboro, Jackson Co. Rape
• “ 26 MARRITT, JOHN Pickens Co. Assault
• May 12 WHITE, MOLLY Jefferson, Marengo Co. Murder
• “ 12 FRANKS, AMANDA Jefferson, Marengo Co. Murder
• “ 13 NANCE, JAMES Jefferson, Marengo Co. Murder
• June 1 HAYDEN, JOHN Lamar Co. Mistaken for another
• July 9 THOMAS, JAMES Blossburg, Jefferson Co. Refusing to give evidence
• July 16 TERRILL Elba, Coffee Co. Murder
• “ 20 DANIEL, JAMES Goose Co. Attempted rape
• “ 21 SPEAKS, JAMES Riverton, Colbert Co. Rape
• Aug. 30 PHARR, JACK Claiborne, Monroe Co. Robbery
• Sept. 2 UNKNOWN NEGRO Excel, Monroe Co. Murderous assault
• Nov. 29 ABRAMS, HENRY Near Montgomery, Montgomery Co. Murder
• Dec. 16 BONNER, LOUIS Kennedy, Lamar Co. For giving evidence, by white caps
• “ 16 BONNER, JOHN Kennedy, Lamar Co. For giving evidence, by white caps
• “ 17 BEARD, BUD Carrolton, Pickens Co. Rape

1898

• Feb. 20 KELLOG, JOHN Blanche, Cherokee Co. Attempted rape
• Mar. 21 CALLOWAY, JOHN Calhoun Co. Paying attention to white girl
• June 17 JACKSON, SOLOMON Wetumpka, Elmore Co. Murder
• “ 17 SPIER, LOUIS Wetumpka, Elmore Co. Murder
• “ 17 THOMPSON, JESSE Wetumpka, Elmore Co. Murder
• “ 17 REESE, CAMP Wetumpka, Elmore Co. Murder
• “ 17 JACKSON, WILLIAM Wetumpka, Elmore Co. Murder
• July 12 JOHNSON, SIDNEY Coaling, Tuscaloosa Co. Rape
• Sept. 13 ANDERSON, ALBERT Locality undetermined Murder
• Oct. 2 ANDERSON, JOHN Lafayette, Chambers Co. Murder
• Oct. 23 UNKNOWN NEGRO Lafayette, Chambers Co. Murder

1899

• Jan. 5 McGREGOR, MARSAL Banks, Pike Co. Suspected arson
• June 7 HILL, WILLIAM Bibb Co. Accomplice in murder
• Aug. 17 HUNT, CHARLES Brantley, Crenshaw Attempted rape
• “ 21 LONIN, PETER Electric, Elmore Co. Murder
• “ 21 SON OF PETER LONIN Electric, Elmore Co. Murder
• Nov. 2 SLOSS, ALBERT Near Courtland, Lawrence Co. Attempted rape

1900

• Mar. 18 HUMPHRIES, CHARLES Lee County Attempted rape
• May 7 UNKNOWN NEGRO Geneva, Geneva Co. Rape
• Oct. 2 TOWNSEND, WINFIELD Eclectic, Elmore Co. Attempted rape
• “ 30 ABERNATHY Duke, Calhoun Co. Assault

1901

• Jan. 3 McADAMS, LOUIS Wilsonville, Shelby Co. Murderous assault
• Mar. 6 DAVIS, BUD Moulton, Lawrence Co. Unknown offense
• May 6 MAYES, ED. Selma, Dallas Co. Sheltering a murderer
• “ 6 MAYES, “DIC” Selma, Dallas Co. Sheltering a murderer
• “ 6 DAWSON, ROBERT Selma, Dallas Co. Sheltering a murderer
• 46May 11 WILLIAMS, WILLIAM South Side Theft
• “ 11 UNKNOWN NEGRO Leeds, Jefferson Co. Mistaken identity
• “ 30 REEVES, FRANK Butler Co. Attempted rape
• June 16 HARRIS, GEORGE Limestone Co. Arson
• July 15 HERMAN, ALEXANDER Courtland, Lawrence Co. Murder
• Aug. 2 BENTLEY, CHARLES Leeds, Jefferson Co. Murder
• Aug. 7 PENNINGTON, JOHN Enterprise, Coffee Co. Rape
• Sept. 3 FOURNAY, WILLIAM Chestnut, Monroe Co. Rape
• Dec. 6 THREE UNKNOWN NEGROES Opp. Covington Co. Race prejudice

1902

• Mar. 24 ZIEGLER, WM. Locality undetermined Criminal assault
• Apr. 6 REYNOLDS, WILLIAM Tuscumbia, Colbert Co. Murder
• June 25 CAMPBELL, WILLY Locality undetermined Attempted murder
• Nov. 3 HARRIS, SAMUEL Salem, Lee Co. Murder
• Dec. 20 BISHOP, SCOTT Marbury, Autauga Co. Murder

1903

• June 24 DIGGS, ANDREW Scottsboro, Jackson Co. Attempted rape
• Nov. 15 YOUNG, CHARLES Locality undetermined Attempted rape
• “ 30 DAVIS, PHILLIP Locality undetermined Murder
• “ 30 CARTER, WALTER Locality undetermined Murder
• “ 30 THOMAS, CLINTON Locality undetermined Murder

1904

• Apr. 16 SIMS, RUBEN Little River, Baldwin Co. Murder
• May 1 HALL, CAINES Kingston, Coffee Co. Rape
• June 22 POPE, EPHREIM Lamison, Wilcox Co. Rape
• July 1 JONES, JON. Altoona, Etowah Co., Ala. Rape
• Aug. 7 BELL, ED. Near Selma, Dallas Co. Murder
• Sept. 7 MAPLES, HORACE Huntsville, Madison Co. Murder

1905

• Mar. 14 PLOWLY, EDW. Pine Apple, Wilcox Co. Murder
• “ 14 PLOWLY, WM. Pine Apple, Wilcox Co. Murder
• Aug. 23 LATT, OLIVER Tunnel Springs, Monroe Co. Murder

1906

• Feb. 11 RICHARDSON, BUNKIE Gadsden, Etowah Co. Rape and murder
• “ 20 PEDIGRIE, —— Andalusia, Covington Co. Rape
• Apr. 29 BROWN, WM. Rienzi. Murder
• Oct. 6 ROBINSON, RICHARD Prichard Sta., Mobile Co. Rape
• “ 6 PETERS, HENRY Prichard, Mobile Co. Rape
• “ 20 DOVE, DANIEL Locality undetermined Attempted rape

1907

• Jan. 4 UNKNOWN Midway, Bullock Co. Attempted rape
• Mar. 24 HARDING, CLEVELAND Florence, Laudordale Co. Attempted rape
• “ 26 UNKNOWN Hartford, Geneva Co. Rape
• Apr. 29 CALHOUN, EBEN Pittsview, Russell Co. Murderous assault
• Aug. 27 LIPSEY, JNO. Pickensville, Pickens Co. Rape
• Sept. 3 JOHNSON, JERRY N. Birmingham, Jefferson Co. Rape
• “ 22 DOSSETT, MOSES Prichard Sta., Mobile Co. Attempted rape
• Nov. 2 SUMROLL, ABRAM Vinegar Bend, Washington Co. Murder
• “ 2 LUCAS, HENRY Vinegar Bend, Washington, Co. Complicity in murder
• “ 3 QUIGLETON, FRED Talledaga, Talledaga Co. Murder
• “ 30 SAUNDERS, NEWT Opp. Covington Co. Rape

1908

• Apr. 6 CLAYTON, WALTER Bay Minett, Baldwin Co. Rape
• Aug. 6 MILLER, WM. Brighton, Jefferson Co. Dynamiting
• Oct. 21 STOVER, —— Halselle, Choctaw Co. Attempted rape

1909

• Jan. 22 ROBERTSON, DOUGLASS Mobile, Mobile Co. Murder
• “ 24 DAVENPORT Leighton, Collier Co. Barn burning
• Feb. 1 UNNAMED NEGRO Bolivar, locality undetermined Attempted rape
• Apr. 25 THOMAS, —— Near Birmingham, Jefferson Co. Rape
• Sept. 4 BALAAM, JOSHUA Jackson, Clarke Co. Murder
• “ 4 BALAAM, LEWIS Jackson, Clarke Co. Murder
• Nov. 24 ROLSTON, RAY Anniston, Calhoun Co. Murderous assault
• Dec. 20 MONTGOMERY, CLINTON Magnolia, Marengo Co. Murder

47

1910

• May 26 MATSON, JESSE Calera, Shelby Co. Murder
• July 3 McKENNY, HENRY Dothan, Houston Co. Attempted rape
• Aug. 1 WALLACE, WILLIAM Axis, Mobile Co. Rape
• Oct. 4 WITHERS, BUSH Sanford, Covington Co. Rape
• Oct. 8 NEGRO McFall, Calhoun Co. Rape
• “ 9 RICHARDSON, GRANT Centerville, Bibb Co. Rape
• “ 9 DELL, JOHN Montgomery, Montgomery Co. Murder

1911

• Feb. 12 PETERSON, IVER Eufaula, Barbour Co. Attempted rape
• Apr. 2 UNNAMED NEGRO Union Springs, Bullock Co. Rape
• Aug. 30 UNNAMED NEGRO Clayton, Barbour Co. Murder
• Sept. 20 MOLPASS, CHAS. Locality undetermined Murder

1912

• Jan. 28 CHANDLER, JOHN Bessemer, Jefferson Co. Murder
• Feb. 19 UNNAMED Dothan, Houston Co. Murder
• Aug. 5 VERGE, SAM Locality undetermined Murder
• “ 28 UNNAMED Near Gadsen, Etowah Co. Murder
• Nov. 2 SMITH, WM. Bessemer, Jefferson Co. Murder
• “ 18 BERNEY, —— Wetumpka, Elmore Co. Murder
• Dec. 7 CURTIS, AZARIAH Butler, Choctaw Co. Murder
• “ 20 UNNAMED Cuba, Sumter Co. Murder

1913

• Jan. 3 CARSON Selma, Dallas Co. Unnamed offense
• Aug. 28 UNKNOWN NEGRO Kilgore Unnamed cause

1914

• Mar. 29 YOUNG, CHARLES Clayton, Barbour Co. Murder
• Dec. 19 JONES, WILLIAM Fort Deposit, Lowndes Co. Murder

1915

• Jan. 4 SMITH, EDWIN Wetumpka, Elmore Co. Murder
• “ 4 SMITH, WILLIAM Wetumpka, Elmore Co. Murder
• “ 18 DEELEY, HERMAN Taylorsville, Bartow Co. Murder
• Aug. 10 FOX, JAMES Locality undetermined Murder
• “ 17 JACKSON, “KID” Hope Hull, Montgomery Co. Poisoning mules
• “ 17 RUSSELL, HENRY Hope Hull, Montgomery Co. Poisoning mules
• “ 17 UNNAMED NEGRO Hope Hull, Montgomery Co. Poisoning mules

1916

• Jan. 28 BURTON, RICHARD Boyds, Sumter Co. Burglary
• July 1 WEEKS, LEMUEL Pickensville, Pickens Co. Murder

1917

• Jan. 10 UNNAMED NEGRO Greeley, Tuscaloosa Co. Rape
• July 16 UNIDENTIFIED NEGRO Reform, Pickens Co. Burglary
• “ 23 HIBBLER, POE Pickens Co. Attempted rape
• “ 23 POWELL, WILLIAM Letohatchee, Lowndes Co. Threat to kill
• “ 23 POWELL, JESSE Letohatchee, Lowndes Co. Threat to kill

ALASKA

1897

• Aug. 21 UNKNOWN MAN Skaguay Larceny
• Sept. 11 MARTIN, WILLIAM G. Lake Bennett Larceny
• “ 18 UNKNOWN MAN Skaguay Larceny

1898

• Feb. 2 TANNER, M. F. Murder

ARIZONA

1892

• June 22 TWO HORSE THIEVES Calabasas, locality undetermined
• Oct. 18 AN INDIAN Ash Fork, Yavapai Co. Rape

48

1897

• Oct. 28 MADERA, JUAN Morenci, Greenlee Co. Murder

1901

• July 27 RIVERA, IGNACIO Hent’s Ranch Horse thief

1915

• April 20 LEON, JUAN Lonely Gulch Alleged bandit
• “ 20 LEON, JOSE M. Lonely Gulch Alleged bandit

1917

• May 6 DALEY, STAR Florence, Pinal County Murder

ARKANSAS

1889

• Jan. 15 REYNOLDS, DEAN Locality undetermined Jilting a girl
• Mar. 8 ROBINSON, J. E. Texarkana, Miller Co. Rape
• May 19 NEELY, A. M. Forest City, St. Francis Co. Political troubles
• June 13 JOHNSON, ARMSTEAD Pine Bluff, Jefferson Co. Theft
• Dec. 16 FOUR OUTLAWS Maumelle, Pulaski Co.

1890

• Jan. 1 UNKNOWN Turner P. O., Phillips Co. Accessory to murder
• Feb. 14 LARKIN, WILLIAM Camden, Ouachita Co. Murder
• May 30 WEAVER, ROBERT Locality undetermined Race prejudice

1891

• June 25 JONES, HENRY Hamburg, Ashley Co. Murder
• July 7 BAILEY, JAMES Beebe, White Co. Rape
• “ 17 ROSSIMUS, FRANK Arkansas City, Desha Co. Attempted murder
• “ 18 RICE, FRANK Arkansas City, Desha Co. Attempted murder
• “ 19 DARMER, JOHN Arkansas City, Desha Co. Murder
• Aug. 30 MULLIGAN, CHARLES Conway, Faulkner Co. Murder
• Oct. 1 PATTERSON, BEN Hackette, Sebastine Strike rioting
• “ 1 PEYTON, EDWARD Near Marianna, Lee Co. Strike rioting
• Nov. 8 RICE, WILLIAM Locality undetermined Unknown cause
• “ 20 HADLEY, NAT. Gurdon, Clark Co. Murder
• Dec. 14 UNKNOWN MAN Newton Co. Cause unknown
• “ 21 SMITH, J. A. Dewitt, Arkansas Co. Murder
• “ 21 GREGORY, FLOYD Dewitt, Arkansas Co. Murder
• “ 21 HENDERSON, MOSES Dewitt, Arkansas Co. Rape

1892

• Jan. 18 JOHNSON Northern Arkansas Suspected murder
• “ 18 BAKER, MRS. Northern Arkansas Suspected murder
• Feb. 9 BEAVERS, HENRY Wilmar, Ashley Co. Assaulting a woman
• “ 10 BRISCO & SON, HAMP Locality undetermined Race prejudice
• “ 10 BRISCO, MRS. Locality undetermined Race prejudice
• “ 14 KELLY, JOHN Pine Bluff, Jefferson Co. Murder
• “ 14 HARRIS, GULBERT Pine Bluff, Jefferson Co. Accessory to murder
• “ 20 COY, ED. Texarkana, Miller Co. Rape
• “ 23 HARRIS, GEORGE Varner, Lincoln Co. Murder
• April 1 STUART, CHAS. Locality undetermined Attempted rape
• May 13 HENRY, JAMES Little Rock, Pulaski Co. Rape
• “ 21 STEWART, CHARLES Morrillton, Conway Co. Murder
• “ 31 THREE MEN NAMED MCARTHUR Perryville, Perry Co. Advising murder
• June 22 CARSON, HENRY Moark, Clay Co. Murder
• July 2 A NEGRO Wynne, Cross Co. Rape
• “ 2 DONNELLY, ROBERT Union Township, Fulton Co. Rape
• “ 14 MOSELEY, JULIAN Arkansas City, Desha Co. Rape
• “ 30 BAKER, EUGENE Monticello, Drew Co. Self-defense
• Aug. 4 CARTER, ALLEN Wynne, Cross Co. Rape
• “ 10 JORDON, ROBERT Camden, Ouachita Co. Insulting a woman
• “ 23 BOWLES Gurdon, Clark Co. Rape
• Sept. 20 HARRISON Champagnolle, Union Co. Race prejudice
• Dec. 7 LIGHTFOOT Near Newport, Jackson Co. Fraud

49

1893

• Jan. 6 SCROGGS, PAUL Brinkley, Monroe Co. Murder
• “ 6 ALLEN, HENRY Brinkley, Monroe Co. Murder
• April 19 THORNTON, FLANNEGAN Morrillton, Conway Co. Murder
• May 9 CRAM, A. B. Bearden, Ouachita Co. Murder
• “ 9 “DOC” HENDERSON Bearden, Ouachita Co. Murder
• “ 9 STEWART, JOHN Bearden, Ouachita Co. Murder
• “ 31 WALLACE, JOHN Jefferson Springs Rape
• Nov. 14 NELSON Varner, Lincoln Co. Murder
• Dec. 7 GREENWOOD, ROBERT Cross Co. Race prejudice
• Nov. 29 JONES, NEWTON Boxley, Newton Co. Murder

1894

• Jan. 5 DAVIS, ALFRED Lonoke Co. Stealing
• Feb. 9 BRUCE, HENRY Gulch Co. Murder
• “ 9 PLUNKETT, CHAS. & ROBT. Gulch Co. Murder
• Mar. 6 UNKNOWN WOMAN Near Marche, Pulaski Co. Unknown offense
• May 23 BROOKS, WILLIAM Palestine, Saint Francis Co. Asking white woman in marriage
• June 22 CAPUS, HENRY Magnolia, Columbia Co. Rape
• Sept. 22 WASHINGTON, LUKE McGehee, Desha Co. Murder
• “ 22 WASHINGTON McGehee, Desha Co. Murder
• “ 22 CROBYSON, HENRY McGehee, Desha Co. Murder

1895

• June 20 KING, FRANK Little Rock, Pulaski Co. Murder
• July 14 TWO NEGROES Hampton, Calhoun Co. Alleged murder
• Aug. 22 JONES, JAMES Locality undetermined Murder
• Sept. 5 FREEMAN, AARON Near Hot Springs, Garland Co. Rape
• “ 11 CALDWELL, WILLIAM Near Osceola, Mississippi Co. Murder
• “ 11 THOMAS, JOHN Near Osceola, Mississippi Co. Murder
• “ 19 UNKNOWN NEGRO Locality undetermined Rape
• Nov. 4 ENGLAND, ALBERT Wynne, Cross Co. Burglary

1896

• July 31 GOULD, GIDFREY Clarendon, Monroe Co. Rape
• Dec. 9 CRAZY JIM Milton, Garland Co. Murder
• “ 17 UNKNOWN NEGRO Near Pine Bluff, Jefferson Co. Murder

1897

• May 20 OATES, PRESLEY Locality undetermined Theft
• Aug. 24 WYATT, WILLIAM Rison, Cleveland Co. Murder
• “ 26 WILLIAMS, EDWARD Baxter, near Drew Co. Rape
• Sept. 5 UNKNOWN NEGRO Robroy, Jefferson Co. Unknown offense
• “ 16 WATSON, D. L. Hamilton, locality undetermined Race prejudice
• Oct. 15 PARKER, THOMAS Kendall, locality undetermined Killing a white cap
• “ 17 COLE Wilmot, Ashley Co. Murder
• Nov. 15 PHILKIPS, HENRY Osceola, Mississippi Co. Murder
• Dec. 8 MURRAY Jenny Lind, Sebastian Co. Arresting a miner

1898

• Jan. 1 UNKNOWN NEGRO Sherrill, Jefferson Co. Theft
• “ 8 DAVAL Near Reader, Ouachita Co. Murder
• “ 8 HUNTLEY Near Reader, Ouachita Co. Murder
• “ 8 TWO NEGROES Near Reader, Ouachita Co. Murder
• Mar. 15 UNKNOWN Marcella, Stone Co. Robbery
• April 3 MERCER, WM. Locality undetermined Murder
• June 3 HAYDEN, LEVI Texarkana, Miller Co. Assault
• July 1 GRAY, GOODE Rison, Cleveland Co. Murder
• “ 14 REED, JAMES Monticello, Drew Co. Murder
• “ 14 JOHNSON, ALEXANDER Monticello, Drew Co. Murder
• Aug. 9 MANSE, CASTLE Clarendon, Monroe Co. Murder
• “ 9 RICORD, DENNIS Clarendon, Monroe Co. Murder
• “ 9 SAUNDERS, WILLIAM Clarendon, Monroe Co. Murder
• “ 9 WEAVER, RILLA Clarendon, Monroe Co. Murder
• Dec. 6 GAINES, NEWTON Locality undetermined Rape

50

1899

• Mar. 23 DUCKETT, GENERAL Little River Co. Murder
• “ 23 JONES, BENJAMIN Little River Co. Murder
• “ 23 JONES, JOSEPH Little River Co. Murder
• “ 23 JONES, MOSES Little River Co. Murder
• “ 23 GOODWIN, EDWARD Little River Co. Murder
• “ 23 KING, JOSEPH Little River Co. Murder
• “ 23 UNKNOWN NEGRO Little River Co. Murder
• April 18 HARKIN, W. H. Clinton, Van Buren Co. Murder
• May 1 DEES, WILLIE Osceola, Mississippi Co. Arson
• July 24 DAVIS, CHICH Wilmot, Ashley Co. Rape

1900

• May 26 UNKNOWN NEGRO West Point, White County Robbery
• June 12 BRODIE, JOHN Lee County Attempted murder
• June 17 MULLENS, NAT Earle, Crittenden County Murder
• June 19 WOODWARD, WILLIAM Searcy Co. Murder
• Dec. 21 UNKNOWN NEGRO Arkadelphia, Clark County Rape

1901

• Feb. 20 BERRYMAN, PETER Mena, Polk Co. Assaulting a white person
• Mar. 23 STUNLY, GEORGE Pocohantos, Randolph County Murder
• April 6 HEARN, MAY Osceola, Mississippi County Murder
• May 13 KEY, LEE Knoxville, Johnson Co. Race prejudice
• Aug. 1 SEIGLER Rosston, Nevada Co. Murder

1902

• Mar. 10 McCOY, HORACE Foreman, Little River Co. Criminal assault
• Aug. 1 NEWTON, LEE Locality undetermined Attempted rape
• Sept. 3 WILSON, HOG Stephens, Ouachita Co. Rape
• Oct. 20 YOUNG, CHARLES Forrest City, Saint Francis Rape and murder
• Nov. 20 WELLS, ELIJAH Wynne, Cross Co. Murderous assault

1903

• Mar. 20 ROBERTSON, FRANK Bradley, Lafayette Co. Arson
• April 6 TURNER, JOHN Warren, Bradley Co. Attempted rape
• “ 23 THOMPSON, ALEXANDER Gurdon, Clark Co. Murderous assault
• July 22 GILBERT, JOHN Locality undetermined Murder
• “ 22 UNKNOWN Locality undetermined Murder
• Sept. — HELLEM Luxora, Mississippi Co. Assaulted colored girls
• Oct. 6 McCOLLUM, EDWARD Sheridan, Grant Co. Murderous assault
• Nov. 3 JOHNSON, HENRY Lake Village, Chicot Co. Murder
• “ 8 CADLE, Z. C. Brinkley, Monroe Co. Murder

1904

• Feb. 19 DAYS, GLENCO Crossett, Ashley Co. Murder
• Mar. 26 SMITH, JAS. St. Charles, Arkansas Co. Race prejudice
• “ 26 SMITH, CHARLES St. Charles, Arkansas Co. Race prejudice
• “ 26 BALDWIN, MACK St. Charles, Arkansas Co. Race prejudice
• “ 26 BAILEY, ABE St. Charles, Arkansas Co. Race prejudice
• “ 26 FLOOD, GARRETT St. Charles, Arkansas Co. Race prejudice
• “ 26 JOHNSTON, KILLIS St. Charles, Arkansas Co. Race prejudice
• “ 26 CARTER, PERRY St. Charles, Arkansas Co. Race prejudice
• “ 26 GRIFFIN, HENRY St. Charles, Arkansas Co. Race prejudice
• “ 26 GRIFFIN, WALTER St. Charles, Arkansas Co. Race prejudice
• “ 26 FLOOD, RANDALL St. Charles, Arkansas Co. Race prejudice
• “ 26 BALDWIN, WM. St. Charles, Arkansas Co. Race prejudice
• “ 26 MADISON, WM. St. Charles, Arkansas Co. Race prejudice
• “ 26 HINTON, AARON St. Charles, Arkansas Co. Race prejudice
• Aug. 31 TWO UNKNOWN Stephens, Ouachita Co. Insulting white women
• Sept. 5 UNKNOWN Crossett, Ashley Co. Assaulting whites

1905

• Jan. 1 ALLWHITE, LOUIS Newport, Jackson Co. Murder
• “ 4 JETTON, WHITE Spring Hill Murder
• April 20 BARRETT, JOHN Askew, Lee Co. Murder
• July 6 WOODMAN, JAS. Locality undetermined Eloping with white girl
• Sept. 22 BROWN, FRANK Conway, Faulkner Co. Mistaken identity

51

1906

• Feb. 7 CALTON, JAMES Elmarth, locality undetermined Murderous assault
• July 8 ANDERSON, WM. Pillar, locality undetermined Rape
• “ 12 UNKNOWN Near Junction City, Union Co. Attempted rape
• Oct. 7 BLACKBURN, H. Argenta, Pulaski Murderous assault
• “ 8 DAVIS, ANTHONY Texarkana, Miller Co. Attempted rape
• Nov. 29 UNKNOWN NEGRO Hot Springs, Garland Co. Attempted rape

1907

• Mar. 20 TWO COLORED WOMEN Stamps, Lafayette Co. Murderous assault
• Dec. 5 MUSSAY, WASHINGTON Augusta, Woodruff Co. Murder

1908

• June 20 WILLIAMS, ERNEST Parkdale, Ashley Co. Using offensive language

1909

• Jan. 18 HILLIARD Hope, Hempstead Co. Insulting white girl
• May 24 AIKENS, ALBERT Pine Bluff, Jefferson Co. Rape
• “ 30 BLAKELY, JOS. Portland, Ashley Co. Murder
• Dec. 20 BAILY, GEO. Devill’s Bluff, Prairie Co. Murder

1910

• Mar. 19 AUSTIN, ROBERT Marion, Crittendon Co. Murder
• “ 19 RICHARDS, CHARLES Marion, Crittendon Co. Murder
• “ 25 JONES “JUDGE” Pine Bluff, Jefferson Co. Insulting women
• April 5 PRIDE, FRANK Locality undetermined Murder
• “ 5 MITCHELL, LAURA Locality undetermined Murder
• May 14 McLANE, “DOCK” Ashdown, Little River Co. Murderous assault
• June 14 HUNTER, WILLIAM Star City, Lincoln Co. Insulting white women
• July 6 POWELL, SAM Huttig, Union Co. Robbery and arson
• Nov. 26 CHITWOOD, OSCAR Hot Springs Murder

1911

• Sept. 9 DEAN, ARTHUR Augusta, Woodruff Co. Rape
• Oct. 16 LUCEY, NATHAN Forrest City, Saint Francis Co. Rape
• “ 20 LEWIS, CHARLES Hope, Hempstead Co. Insulting women

1912

• Mar. 23 LEWIS, SANFORD Locality, undetermined Murder
• July 5 WILLIAMS, JNO. Plummerville, Conway Co. Murder
• Aug. 20 FRANKLIN, MONROE Russellville, Pope Co. Rape

1913

• June 19 NORMAN, WILLIAM Near Hot Springs Garland Co. Rape
• Sept. 5 SIMMS, LEE Little Rock, Pulaski Co. Rape

1914

• Oct. 28 DAVIS, HOWARD Newport, Jackson Co. Murder

1915

• June 15 HALEY, LOY Hope, Hempstead Co. Murder
• Sept. 12 BOWERS, JACOB Carlisle, Lonoko Co. Murder
• Dec. 3 PATRICK, WILLIAM Forrest, St. Francis Co. Murder

52

1916

• Jan. 22 UNNAMED HIGHWAYMAN Vandervoort, Polk D.
• May 27 GILMAN, FELIX Prescott, Nevada Co. Murder
• Aug. 9 UNNAMED NEGRO Stuttgart, Arkansas Co. Rape
• Oct. 9 DODD, FRANK Dewitt, Arkansas Co. Attempted rape

1917

• Feb. 8 SMITH, JAMES Proctor, Crittenden Co. Murder
• July 31 AVERY, ANDREW Garland City, Miller Co. Robbery
• Aug. 9 JIMERSON, AARON Ashdown, Little River Co. Murderous assault
• Sept. 13 GATES, SAMUEL England, Lonoke Co. Insulting girls
• Oct. 8 UNNAMED NEGRO Robbery

CALIFORNIA

1889

• Mar. 18 SPRAGUE, B. S. Garvanza, Los Angeles Co. Murder

1891

• Feb. 22 REILLY, OLIVER Salado Independence Co. Murder
• June 15 AH ANONG TI (CHINESE) Bridgeport, Mono Co. Murder
• Aug. 25 LEE OMAN, (CHINESE) Locality undetermined Rape

1892

• July 24 RUGGLES, JOHN Redding, Franklin Co. Murder and robbery
• “ 24 RUGGLES, CHARLES Redding, Franklin Co. Murder and robbery
• Sept. 30 SMITH, J. W. Locality undetermined Murder
• Nov. 11 PLANZ, HENRY San Jose, Santa Clara Co. Unknown offense

1893

• Apr. 7 FULZEN, JESUS (MEXICAN) San Bernardino, San Bernardino Co. Murder

1895

• July 27 ADAMS, VICTOR O’Neals Madera Co. Murder
• Aug. 26 JOHNSON, LAWRENCE Yreka, Siskiyou Co. Murder
• “ 26 NULL, WILLIAM Yreka, Siskiyou Co. Murder
• “ 26 MORENO, LOUIS Yreka, Siskiyou Co. Murder
• “ 26 SEEMLER, HARLAND Yreka, Siskiyou Co. Murder
• Sept. 27 ARCHOR, WM. (INDIAN) Bakersfield, Kern Co. Murder
• Oct. 1 LITTLEFIELD, JOHN Round Valley, Inyo Co. Murder

1901

• May 31 HALE, FRANK Lookout, Modoc Co. Theft
• “ 31 HALE, JAMES Lookout, Modoc Co. Theft
• “ 31 HALE, MARTIN Lookout, Modoc Co. Theft
• “ 31 HALE, CALVIN Lookout, Modoc Co. Theft
• “ 31 TANTIS, B. D. Lookout, Modoc Co. Theft
• July 10 FOOK, TUNG (CHINESE)

1904

• Mar. 12 UNKNOWN Majane, locality undetermined Unknown offense
• Apr. 16 PETRIE Dunsmuir, Siskiyou Co. Rape

1908

• Apr. 23 SIMPSON, JOS. Sikdoo, locality undetermined Murder

COLORADO

1893

• July 26 ARATA, NICOLAI Denver, Denver Co. Murder

53

1894

• June 2 McCURDY, ALEX Golden, Jefferson Co. Murder

1895

• Jan. 9 WITHERELL, GEORGE Canon City, Fremont Co. Desperado
• Mar. 12 APOLETTI, ANTONIO Walsenburg, Huerfano Co. Alleged murder
• “ 12 GIACONINO, PIETRO Walsenburg, Huerfano Co. Alleged murder
• “ 12 LORENZO, ANTINIO Walsenburg, Huerfano Co. Alleged murder
• “ 12 ROCHETTI, FRANCISCO Walsenburg, Huerfano Co. Alleged murder
• “ 12 VETTARI, STANISLAUS Walsenburg, Huerfano Co. Alleged murder
• “ 12 WELSBY, JOSEPH Walsenburg, Huerfano Co. Alleged murder

1896

• Apr. 15 COVINGTON, SAM Central City, Gilpin Co. Murder
• Oct. 14 HARRIS, GEORGE Meeker, Rio Blanco Co. Bank robbery
• “ 14 SMITH, WILLIAM Meeker, Rio Blanco Co. Bank robbery
• “ 14 JONES, CHARLES Meeker, Rio Blanco Co. Bank robbery

1900

• Jan. 26 REYNOLDS, THOMAS Canon City, Fremont Co. Murder
• May 22 KUNBLERN, CALVIN Pueblo, Pueblo Co. Murder
• Nov. 16 PORTER, PRESTON Locality undetermined Murder

1902

• Mar. 25 WALLACE, WASHINGTON H. La Junta, Otero Co. Assault

1906

• Dec. 27 LEBORG, LAURENCE Las Animas, Bent Co. Murder

DELAWARE

1903

• June 12 WHITE, GEORGE Near Wilmington, New Castle Co. Rape and murder

FLORIDA

1890

• Mar. 29 SIMPSON, SIMMONS Marianna, Jackson Co. Murder
• July 18 JACKSON, GREEN Ft. White, Columbia Co. Murder
• Dec. 11 WILLIAMS, DANIEL Incendiarism

1891

• Feb. 18 CHAMPION, —— Gainesville, Alachua Co. Outlaw
• “ 18 KELLY, MICHAEL Gainesville, Alachua Co. Outlaw
• June 17 UNKNOWN NEGRO Fort White, Columbia Co. Unknown offense
• “ 22 GRIFFEN, CHARLES Locality undetermined Murder
• Aug. 25 FORD, ANDY Gainesville, Alachua Co. Bad reputation
• Sept. 29 BARLEY, LEE De Land, Volusia Co. Rape
• Dec. 15 UNKNOWN NEGRO Locality undetermined Robbery
• “ 15 TWO NEGROES Live Oak, Suwanee Co. Murder

1892

• Jan. 12 HENSON, HENRY Micanopy, Alachua Co. Murder
• Feb. 18 AUSTIN, WALTER Arcadia, De Soto Co. Murder
• Mar. 30 COBB, DENNISS Arcadia, De Soto Co. Unknown cause
• May 25 WILLIAMS, JAMES Locality undetermined Murder
• “ 25 A NEGRO Locality undetermined Murder
• 54June 7 KANEKER, WILLIAM Apalachicola, Franklin Co. Rape
• July 8 McDUFFIE, HENRY Orlando, Orange Co. Stealing
• Sept. 7 A NEGRO Waldo, Alachua Co. Incendiary

1893

• Jan. 26 WILLS, PATROCK Quincy, Gadsden Co. Incendiarism
• July 12 LARKINS, ROBERT Ocala, Marion Co. Rape
• Nov. 9 BOGGS, HENRY Fort White, Columbia Co. Murder
• “ 14 THREE NEGROES Lake City Junction, Columbia Co. Murder

1894

• Jan. 9 SMITH, SAMUEL Greenville, Madison Co. Murder
• “ 14 WILLIS, CHARLES Ocala, Marion Co. Desperado
• May 13 ROSE, GEORGE Locality undetermined Rape
• “ 15 YOUNG, NIM Ocala, Marion Co. Rape
• “ 29 BURGIS, J. T. Palatka, Putnam Co. Conspiracy
• Sept. 14 SMITH, JAMES Starke, Bradford Co. Attempted rape
• Dec. 4 JACKSON, WILLIAM Ocala, Marion Co. Rape
• “ 17 A NEGRO Marion Co. Rape

1895

• Apr. 2 RAWLES, WILLIAM Locality undetermined Murder
• May 19 ECHOLS, SAMUEL Ellaville, Madison Co. Rape
• “ 19 CROWLEY, SIMEON Near Ellaville, Madison Co. Rape
• “ 19 BROOKS, JOHN Near Ellaville, Madison Co. Rape
• “ 30 THREE NEGROES Bartow, Polk Co. Suspicion of rape
• June 9 COLLINS, WILLIAM Mayo, Lafayette Co. Attempted rape
• “ 11 TWO UNKNOWN NEGROES Mayo, Lafayette Co. Concealing criminal
• July 4 BENNET, ROBERT Near Lake City, Columbia Co. Attempted rape
• Aug. 18 LEWIS, SAMUEL Locality undetermined Murder

1896

• Jan. 13 JORDON, HARRY Alachua, Alachua Co. Murder
• Apr. 20 VAN BRUNT, JOHN De Land, Volusia Co. Disorderly conduct
• May 7 JONES, CHARLES Macclenny, Baker Co. Without cause
• “ 11 WILSON, HARRY Madison Co. Unknown offense
• “ 11 MURRAY, —— Madison Co. Unknown offense
• July 6 WILLIAMS, JACOB Madison Co. Rape
• Sept. 23 HARRIS, CHARLES Near De Land, Volusia Co. Rape
• “ 23 JOHNSON, ANTHONY De Land, Volusia Co. Rape
• Nov. 28 DANIELS, ALFRED Gainesville, Alachua Co. Arson