The Project Gutenberg eBook of Heath's French and English dictionary This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. Title: Heath's French and English dictionary Author: Jean Louis de Lolme Editor: James Boïelle de V. Payen-Payne Release date: November 3, 2024 [eBook #74672] Language: English Original publication: Boston: Heath & Co. Publishers, 1903 Credits: Chuck Greif, DaveKline, Juergen Lohnert and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HEATH'S FRENCH AND ENGLISH DICTIONARY *** HEATH’S FRENCH AND ENGLISH DICTIONARY COMPILED FROM THE BEST AUTHORITIES IN BOTH LANGUAGES REVISED AND CONSIDERABLY ENLARGED BY JAMES BOÏELLE, B. A. (Univ. Gall.) OFFICIER D’ACADÉMIE, LATELY EXAMINER IN FRENCH IN THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON; CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF “LA SOCIÉTÉ DES GENS DE LETTRES DE FRANCE,” ETC., ETC. AIDED BY DE V. PAYEN-PAYNE ASSISTANT-EXAMINER IN FRENCH IN THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON PRINCIPAL OF KENSINGTON COACHING COLLEGE AUTHOR OF “FRENCH IDIOMS AND PROVERBS” D. C. HEATH & CO., PUBLISHERS BOSTON, NEW YORK, CHICAGO COPYRIGHT, 1903, BY WILLIAM T. BELDING. ENTERED AT STATIONERS’ HALL, LONDON. PREFACE TO REVISED EDITION. When I was asked to undertake the preparation of this French Dictionary, I had no idea of the formidable nature of the task that lay before me. It was obvious, of course, that a very great deal would have to be done to bring up to date a dictionary of a living language that is ever growing, and in which new words and new meanings of words are being coined almost daily. But I found, in the course of the four and a half years during which I have been engaged upon the work, that it assumed proportions altogether undreamt of, and that I was virtually producing a new work. Perhaps I may be permitted to direct attention to some of the features which distinguish the new edition. Many thousands of new words and phrases, idioms and idiomatic expressions, proverbs and proverbial expressions, have been included. In a great many instances chapter and verse have been given. Two hundred columns of print have been added to the book. For the words in the French-English part, I have closely followed the smaller Littré as well as Bescherelle, and have taken special care to give, as far as the compass of the Dictionary would allow, illustrative examples of the many and various meanings conveyed by the words under review. These various meanings have also been classified, as far as possible, under their respective heads. In the English-French portion I have, as far as the selection of words is concerned, closely followed the lines of Cassell’s English Dictionary. The latest classical, general, scientific, commercial, naval, and military terms are incorporated. In this part, too, the “notation” of the words has been carefully marked throughout and the pronunciation revised. Among other features of the work which may justly, I think, be accounted improvements, I may mention the following, viz.: the different prepositions governing verbs have been printed in heavier type—thus simplifying one of the greatest difficulties of the language; the pronunciation of the words, where necessary, has been carefully indicated; and the list of geographical names of countries and places has been largely added to. The work has occupied me, as I have said, for more than four years; but the process of revision has been to me most interesting, and while the labour expended has been far greater than anything I could have anticipated, I trust that the result will give satisfaction to an even larger circle of readers than was obtained by previous editions. J. B. ON FRENCH PRONUNCIATION. =NOTE.=—The rules given below must be considered as general. Some are subject to more or less exceptions, which, for the sake of brevity, have not been mentioned, but they will all be found clearly and fully noticed in their respective places. ALPHABET. Old Approximate Modern Approximate French French English French English Alphabet. Pronunciation. Pronunciation. Pronunciation. Pronunciation. A a a ah a ah B b bé bay be bu-t C c cé say ce su-m D d dé day de du-ll E e é a e u-p F f èff eff fe fu-n G g jé zhay ge zhu-t H h ash ash he hu-g I i i ee i ee-l J j ji zhee je zhu-g K k k kah ke cu-t L l èl el le lu-ck M m èmm em me mu-d N n ènn en ne nu-t O o o o o o-ld P p pé pay pe pu-n Q q qu ku ke cu-rl R r èr air re ru-st S s èss ess se su-n T t té tay te tu-b U u u u u u V v vé vay ve vu-lgar X x iks eeks kse ksu-t Y y i grec ee grek y y-ore Z z zed zed ze zu-n FRENCH VOWEL SOUNDS. The Simple, or Vowel sounds, in the French language, are as follows:— French. English. French. a (short) like a in _bat_, exemplified by _mal_. â (long) like a _bar_ _âge_. e sounded like a _villă_ _me_, _je_. è, ê e _e’er_, _there_ _père_. é ai, e _air_, _eh_! _été_. i ea _peak_ _pique_. î ie _field_ _gîte_. o o _rob_ _mol_. ô o _no_ _môle_. u no equivalent in English (nearest approach is _u_ in _brunette_) exemplified by _suc_. û no equivalent in English _sûre_. eû sounded like e in _her_ (but longer and deeper) _jeûne_. ou oo _root_ exemplified by _goutte_. oû oo _noose_ _voûte_. an no equivalent in English _tan_. in _fin_. on _bon_. un _brun_. Y, when alone, or when preceded or followed by a consonant, is pronounced like an _i_; except in _pays_, _paysan_, _paysage_. When placed between two vowels, it performs the office of two _i_’s, and is always preceded by _a_, _e_, _o_, or _u_. When preceded by _a_ or _e_, it unites its first _i_ with this vowel, and sounds _è_, as in _rayon_, which is pronounced _rè-ion_; when preceded by _o_, its first _i_ is sounded in conjunction with _o_, like _wa_ in the English word _wag_, as in _joyeux_, which is pronounced _joa-ieû_; and when preceded by _u_, its own two _i_’s preserve their natural sound, as in _appuyer_, which is pronounced _appui-ié_. A is long in the termination _aille_, except in _médăille_, _je travăille_, _détăille_, _émăille_, _băille_ (I give). It is also long in _ation_, as, _nation_, _admiration_, _oblation_; pronounce therefore, _pāille_, _limāille_, _canāille_, _nātion_, _admirātion_, _oblātion_, etc. In the terminations of the imperfect of the subjunctive of verbs of the first conjugation, the _a_ is always short; as _que je parlăsse_, _que je donnăsse_. NASAL SOUNDS. The nasal syllables are: _aim_, _ain_, _am_, _an_, _aon_; _ean_, _eim_, _ein_, _em_, _en_, _eon_, _eun_; _im_, _in_; _om_, _on_; _um_, _un_; _ym_. _Am_, _an_, _ean_, are pronounced like _an_, without exception; as _ambition_, _vendant_, _songeant_. _Em_ and _en_ are also pronounced like _an_, as in _emploi_, _empire_, _envie_; but not always. In words derived from foreign languages, they are pronounced liked _ème_, _ène_; as _Jerusalem_, _hymen_. In words terminating in _en_ or _ein_, and in their derivatives, _en_ is pronounced like _in_; as _mien_, _Chrétien_, _Chrétienté_; and in the verbs _tenir_, _venir_, and their derivatives, _en_ is sounded like _in_; as _tiens_, _viens_. In _femme_, _em_ is pronounced like _am_. _Im_, _in_, _aim_, _ain_, _ein_, are all pronounced like _in_. The _i_, however, keeps its natural sound in words taken from foreign languages, as in _Sélim_, _Ephraim_, which are pronounced as if the _m_ were followed by a silent _e_; in all words in which _in_ is followed by a vowel; as _in-animé_, _in-octavo_, _in-odore_, _in-humain_; and in the beginning of words commencing with _imm_ and _inn_. _Om_, _on_, are pronounced like _on_; as in _pont_, _tombe_; _complet_, _donjon_. _Automne_ is pronounced _ôtonn_. _Aen_, _aon_, _ean_ are sounded as _an_ in the following words: _Caen_, _Laon_, _taon_, _faon_, _paon_, _Jean_. _Eon_ is sounded _on_ when following _g_: _mangeons_, _plongeon_. _Um_, _un_, _eun_, are pronounced like _un_; as in _parfum_, _importun_, _à jeun_. _Un_ is, however, sounded _on_ in a few words of foreign origin: _punch_, _de profundis_. _Um_ is pronounced like _ome_ in words of Latin origin, as _duumvir_, _triumvir_; _factum_, _factotum_. CONSONANTS. B has the same sound as in English; as _bal_, ball. It is pronounced in the middle and at the end of words. C has the sound of _k_ before _a_, _o_, _u_, _l_, _n_, _r_, except when it has a cedilla under it, in which case it is pronounced like _s_, as _reçu_. It is also pronounced like _s_ before _e_, _i_, and _y_. _Ch_ has the sound of _sh_, except when it is followed by a consonant, in which case it is pronounced like _k_; as in _chronologie_. D has the same sound as in English. It is sounded in the middle of words, as in _adverbe_. When it is final, and carried to the following word, it sounds like _t_, as in _grand homme_, which is pronounced _gran-tomme_. F is pronounced like the same letter in English, as in _fleur_, flower. It is sounded at the end of words; but in _neuf_ it is pronounced like _v_ when followed by a word beginning with a vowel or _h_ mute, as in _neuf enfants_, which words are pronounced _neu-van-fan_. G has the hard sound of _g_ in the English word _go_, before _a_, _o_, _u_, _l_, _m_, _r_, as in _gomme_, _gris_, gum, gray. But it has always the soft sound of _s_ as in _pleasure_ before _e_, _i_, _y_, as in _génie_, _gîte_. When combined with _n_ in the middle of words, it has a liquid sound, somewhat similar to that of _ni_ in the English word onion, as _régner_, _saigner_, _agneau_, _compagnon_, etc. Every word in which this sound occurs is preceded by a star (*) throughout this work. Whenever _gn_ is not liquid, it sounds as in the English word ignorant. H is sounded with a guttural impulse, when aspirated, as in _héros_, hero. When mute it has no use but that of showing the etymology of the word, as in _honneur_, honor. It is always silent after _t_, as in _méthode_, _arithmétique_, which are pronounced _métod_, _a-rit-mé-tik_. The aspirated _h_ is marked throughout this work with a dagger (†). J has always the sound of _s_ in _pleasure_, and is subject to no irregularity. K has always a hard sound, as in the English word king, and is subject to no irregularity. L has two sounds. The first is precisely the same as _l_ in the English word lily. The second is liquid. The liquid _l_, whether double or single, is always preceded by _i_. It is similar to the sound of the last _i_ in William. It is to be remarked, that _i_, followed by _l_ or _ll_, and preceded by another vowel, is always silent in pronunciation; it only serves to indicate the liquid sound of the _l_, as in _paille_, _soleil_, _patrouille_, which ought to be pronounced _pâ-i_, _solé-i_, _patrou-i_. But when _i_ is not preceded by another vowel, as in _fille_, it retains its natural sound, and serves at the same time to indicate the liquid sound of _l_. And here in _fille_, pronounced _fi-i_, we find both the _i_ natural and the _i_ which stands for _ll_. Whenever _i_ begins a word, as in _illusion_, the _l_’s are never liquid. The liquid _l_ is marked throughout this work with a star (*). P has the sound of the same letter in English, as in _peine_, pain. When combined with _h_, it has the sound of _f_, as in _philosophe_, philosopher. Q has the hard sound of _k_, as in the English word _quaker_. Whether initial or medial, _q_ is always followed by _u_, which is not sounded except in a few words that are noticed in the course of this work. R has the same sound as in English, but is articulated much more strongly, as in _rivière_, river. It is always sounded at the end of words, when preceded by the vowels _a_, _i_, _o_, _u_. In substantives, adjectives, and verbs ending in _er_, it is silent, unless it is followed by a word beginning with a vowel or _h_ mute, as in _dernier ouvrage_, which is pronounced _dernié-rouvraj_. S has two sounds. The first is hissing, as in the English word _sister_; the second is soft, as in the English word _please_. It has uniformly the hissing sound at the beginning of words, and the soft between two vowels. Both sounds occur in _saison_. It preserves its hissing sound in compound words, as in _parasol_, _vraisemblable_; and when it happens to be sounded at the end of words, as in _Pallas_, _Brutus_, _vis_. When _s_ final is joined to the following word, it is always articulated like _z_, as in _dans un cas important_, which must be pronounced _dān-zun-kâ-zin-por-tān_. T has two sounds; one hard, as in the English word _tutor_, and the other like the hissing _s_, as in _sister_. Both occur in _situation_, which is pronounced _si-tuā-sion_. It has the hissing sound before _i_, connected with some other following vowel or vowels, as in _patience_, _factieux_, which are pronounced _pasian-s_, _fak-sieû_. When _t_, however, is immediately preceded by _s_, it preserves the hard sound, as in _bastion_, _question_, which are pronounced _bas-tion_, _kès-tion_. X has generally the sound of _ks_. In all words beginning with _x_ or _ex_, followed by a vowel, it has the sound of _gz_, as in _Xavier_, _exil_, which are pronounced _gzavié_, _èg-zil_. When final, it is joined to the following word, and sounds like _z_, as in _beaux yeux_, _dix hommes_, which are pronounced _bô-zieû_, _dî-zom_. X has the sound of _ss_ in _Auxerre_, _Auxonne_, and _Bruxelles_. FINAL CONSONANTS. The final consonants that are sounded are _b_, _c_, _f_, _k_, _l_, _m_, _q_, _r_. The final consonants that are not sounded in words which stand alone, or terminate a sentence, are, _d_, _g_, _h_, _n_, _p_, _r_ (in the termination _er_ only), _s_, _t_, _x_, _z_. J and v are never final. D is pronounced like _t_ when joined to the following word, as in _quand il parle_, which must be pronounced _kān-til parle_. G is pronounced like _k_, as in _sang impur_, which is pronounced _sān-kin-pur_. P is pronounced only in _Alep_, _cap_, _Gap_, _cep_, _jalap_; and in _beaucoup_, _trop_, when those two words come before a vowel. In _cep de vigne_, the _p_ is silent. R, preceded by e, is frequently silent in conversation before a vowel, but it must always be sounded in poetry, unless it terminates the verse. S, before a vowel, sounds like _z_, as in _nous avons eu_, which must be pronounced _nou-zavōn-zu_. S is sounded in _aloès_, _bibus_, _blocus_, _chorus_, _choléramorbus_, _dervis_, _florès_, _gratis_, _jadis_, _laps_, _maïs_, _mars_, _orémus_, _ours_, _rébus_, _relaps_, _Reims_, _Rubens_, _sinus_, _en sus_, _vasistas_, etc. It is silent in _Jésus-Christ_, but sounded in _le Christ_. T is generally pronounced before a vowel, except when it is preceded by a sounded consonant, as in _effort étonnant_, pronounced _é-for-éto-nan_; in _quatre-vingt-un_ it is not pronounced, but it is sounded in _vingt et un_. In all plural nouns, and in the conjunction _et_; also before a vowel in _fort_, adjective, it is silent, but it is sounded in _fort_, adverb. Final _t_ is also sounded in _brut_, _déficit_, _dot_, _mat_, _exact_, _fat_, _infect_, _intact_, _net_, _rapt_, _subit_, _tact_, _toast_, _transit_, _zénith_, etc. It is not heard in _Jésus-Christ_, though it is sounded in _le Christ_. LIST OF THE NOUNS OF DOUBLE GENDER EXISTING IN THE FRENCH LANGUAGE. Aide {_m._, a male assistant. {_f._, a female assistant; aid, help, succor. Aigle {_m._, male eagle. {_f._, she-eagle; standard, eagle. Ange {_m._, angel; (artil.) chain-shot, bar-shot; angel-shot; (ich.) angel-fish.[1] {_f._, _not used_. Apologétique {_m._, Tertullian’s treatise in defense of the early Christians. {_f._, apologetics, a part of theology. Armadille {_m._, wood-louse. {_f._, armadilla, Spanish fleet to defend Spain’s possessions in the New World; Spanish frigate belonging to this fleet. Asclépiade {_m._, (ancient poet.) asclepiad. {_f._, (bot.) asclepias, swallow-wort. Aune {_m._, alder tree. {_f._, obsolete French measure = one ell. Barbe {_m._, Barbary horse. {_f._, beard. Barde {_m._, a bard, Celtic poet. {_f._, a thin slice, a rasher of bacon. Basque {_m._, Biscayan; Basque (nation and language). {_f._, flap, skirt, tail, of a coat, or any other garment. Bourgogne {_m._, Burgundy (wine). {_f._, Burgundy (province). Brie {_m._, Brie (cheese). {_f._, Brie (province); rolling-pin. Bulbe {_m._, (anat.) bulb. {_f._,[2](bot.) bulb. Câpre[3] {_m._, ☉pirate; privateer; piratical ship. {_f._, (bot.) caper. Carpe {_m._, wrist. {_f._, (ich.) carp. Cartouche {_m._, (arch.) cartouch, modillion. {_f._, cartridge for small firearms. Caustique {_m._, (med.) caustic. {_f._, (geom., phys.) caustic curve. Champagne {_m._, Champagne (wine). {_f._, Champagne (province). Chorée {_m._, choreus, choree, trochee. {_f._, (med.) chorea, St. Vitus’ dance. Cinquième {_m._, the fifth part; pupil in the 5th form in public schools. {_f._, 5th form in public schools. Cistophore {_m._, (antiq.) Asiatic coin marked with a cist. {_f._, (antiq.) a female cist-bearer in the feast of Ceres and Bacchus. Claque {_m._ opera hat. {_f._, flap, slap, smack; (thea.) claque, paid clappers. Cloaque {_m._, sink, receptacle of filth; filthy, dirty place; filthy person; (anat.) cloaca. {_f._, (Roman antiq.) common sewer. Coche {_m._, barge for the conveyance of travelers, track-boat, coach. {_f._, sow, she-pig; notch, nick, indentation. Connétable {_m._, High-Constable. {_f._, High-Constable’s wife. Contumace {_m._, a man guilty of contumacy (jur.). {_f._, contumacy. Cornette {_m._, cornet, ensign-bearer (cavalry). {_f._, cornet, mob-cap; (milit.) colors of a company of cavalry; cornetcy; (nav.) broad pendant. Cosaque {_m._, Cossack. {_f._, Cossack dance. Cosmétique {_m._, cosmetic. {_f._, the art of using cosmetics. Cotte {_m._, (ich.) bull-head, miller’s-thumb. {_f._, ☉petticoat. _— d’armes_; coat of arms. _— de mailles_; coat of mail. _— morte_; property left by a deceased monk. Couple {_m._, a married pair, husband and wife. {_f._, a brace, two. Cravate {_m._, Croatian horse; ☉trooper of light cavalry regiments which bore the same name. {_f._, cravat, necktie, neckcloth. Crêpe {_m._, crape. {_f._, pancake. Critique {_m._, a critic. {_f._, criticism. Custode {_m._, warden. {_f._, cloth to cover the pyx in which the Host is kept; curtain of the high altar; ☉curtain. Décime {_m._, copper coin worth 10 centimes, the tenth part of a franc; a war tax. {_f._, tithe formerly levied on ecclesiastical revenues; _pl._, tax paid formerly to the king by the holders of benefices. Dentale {_m._, (conch,) dentalium, dental, tooth-shell. {_f._, dental, dental consonant. Didactique {_m._, didactic language, didactic style. {_f._, the art of teaching. Dixième {_m._, the tenth part; a tax. {_f._, (mus.) tenth. Ébène[4] {_m._, _not used_. {_f._, ebony, ebon; (fig.) black color. Écho {_m._, echo. {_f._, Echo (nymph). Élève {_m._, male pupil, school-boy. {_f._, female pupil, school-girl; breeding of horses, cattle, etc. Enseigne {_m._, ensign, standard-bearer. {_f._, sign-board. Éphémère {_m._, (ent.) ephemera, ephemeran, day-fly, May-fly. {_f._, spider-wort, _tradescantia virginica_. Espace {_m._, space, distance, interval. {_f._, (print.) space, metallic plate to separate words. Exemple {_m._, example. {_f._, writing-copy. Faune {_m._, faun (myth.). {_f._, fauna. Faux {_m._, forgery, falsehood. {_f._, scythe. Fin {_m._, sharp, astute man; gist, main point; (metal.) pure metal. {_f._, end, termination; aim, object, view, design, intention. Finale {_m._, (mus.) finale. {_f._, (gram.) final letter or syllable. Flasque {_m._, cheek (of a gun-carriage). {_f._, powder-flask, powder-horn; (nav.) whelp (of the capstan); board (of bellows). Follicule {_m._, (anat., bot.) follicle. {_f._, [5]small sheet of paper; (pharm.) pod of senna. Foret[6] {_m._, drill (to bore holes). {_f._, forest. Foudre {_m._, (st.e.) thunder-bolt, lightning; (paint., sculpt.) thunder-bolt, Jupiter’s attribute; (fig.) irresistible eloquence; great general, orator, hero; divine anger, vengeance; fulmination of excommunication, etc.; artillery, mines, war; (poet.) catastrophe, destruction. A tun (cask). {_f._, thunder-bolt, lightning; (fig.) divine anger, vengeance; fulmination of excommunication, etc.; superior eloquence; artillery, mines, etc. Fourbe {_m._, knave. {_f._, deceit, craftiness. Garde {_m._, a guard, a keeper. {_f._, guarding, guard; watching; keeping. Garde-robe {_m._, lady’s apron. {_f._, wardrobe; (bot.) artemisia. Geste {_m._, gesture, action, movement. _pl._, ☉great deeds of generals, princes, etc. {_f._, poem in old French. Givre {_m._, hoar frost, rime. {_f._, (her.) snake, serpent, wyvern. Grave {_m._, (phys.) body, heavy body; (lit.) grave style; (mus.) flat; wine made at Grave (France). {_f._, shore, beach (Newfoundland); {_pl._, gravelly and clayey soil in the department of Gironde (France). Greffe {_m._, record-office of a court of justice. {_f._, graft. Grêle {_m._, nut-coal. {_f._, hail; (med.) chalazion, grando, hailstone. Guérilla {_m._, guerilla-soldier. {_f._, guerilla, small army of irregulars. Guide {_m._, a guide. {_f._, rein. Havane {_m._, Havana (cigar). {_f._, Havana (town). Hymne {_m._, ode, hymn. {_f._, hymn (church). Inde {_m._, indigo, indigo blue; logwood. {_f._, India. Interligne {_m._, space between printed or written lines; space between the lines of the stave (mus.). {_f._, (print.) lead, metallic plate to separate lines. Jujube {_m._, the extract of jujube (fruit). {_f._, [7]jujube (fruit). Laque {_m._, lacker, lacquer. {_f._, lac, lake, gum-lake. Lepte {_m._, (ent.) leptus, wheal-worm, harvest-bug. {_f._, (bot.) a triphyllous plant of the order celastraceæ. Lévite {_m._, Levite. {_f._, surtout, overcoat. Liquide {_m._, a liquid. {_f._, (gram.) liquid, liquid consonant. Litre {_m._, liter, French measure of capacity, less than a quart. {_f._, band of black cloth bearing the coat of arms of a deceased person, and hung in church at his funeral. Livre {_m._, book. {_f._, pound (weight, money). Louche {_m._, ambiguity; equivocalnees; underhand dealing. {_f._, soup-ladle. Loutre {_m._, ☉a hat, a muff, etc., made of otter-skin or hair. {_f._, otter. Maheutre {_m._, (French hist.) Protestant soldier. {_f._, a sleeve that was formerly worn, and did not reach further than the elbow. Manche {_m._, handle of a tool, a knife, etc. {_f._, sleeve; the English Channel. Manœuvre {_m._, day-laborer; bricklayer’s journeyman; (fig.) bungler; crafty person. {_f._, (milit., nav.) maneuver; running rigging, cordages of a ship. Marengo {_m._, Oxford gray (color). {_f._, (cook.) marengo (sauce for fowl). Maroufle {_m._, ragamuffin, lout, rascallion, clodhopper. {_f._, (paint.) lining-paste. Martyre {_m._, martyrdom. {_f._, a female martyr. Masque {_m._, a mask. {_f._, ☉ugly woman, ugly girl. Mémoire {_m._, memorandum; memoir; bill (of large amount). {_f._, the memory. Merci {_m._, thanks. {_f._, mercy, grace, benevolence, favor. Mestre de {_m._, ☉colonel; general. Camp {_f._, ☉the 1st company of a regiment. Minime {_m._, minim, Franciscan monk. {_f._, ☉(mus.) minim. Mobile {_m._, mover, spring, motive power; motive; soldier in the _garde mobile_. {_f._, the _garde mobile_, a French infantry corps no longer in existence. Mode {_m._, mood, mode; method. {_f._, fashion. Môle {_m._, pier, jetty. {_f._, (med.) mole. Mort {_m._, a dead man. {_f._, death. Moufle[8] {_m._, (chem.) muffle. {_f._, (mec.) tackle (assemblage of pulleys); fingerless glove. Moule {_m._, mold, matrix to cast lead, iron, etc. {_f._, (ich.) mussel. Mousse {_m._, cabin-boy, apprentice sailor. {_f._, moss; froth, foam. Mulle {_m._, (ich.) mullet. {_f._, ☉rennet, prepared membrane of the calf’s stomach. Myope {_m._, myope, short-sighted man; (ent.) conops. {_f._, myope, short-sighted female. Mystique {_m._, mystic (man). {_f._, mystic (female); the study of spirituality. Néphrétique {_m._, (med.) nephritic; man affected with nephritis. {_f._, nephritic, renal colic. Nielle {_m._, niello. {_f._, blight, smut; (bot.) rose campion. Noël {_m._, Christmas; Christmas carol. {_f._, _la Noël_ (ellipsis for _la_ fête de _Noël_), Christmas-day. Œuvre {_m._, the philosopher’s stone; (arch.) walls; the whole of the works of an engraver, painter, or composer of music; argentiferous lead; (jur.) summons to one who builds upon another man’s ground. {_f._, work, deed, action; work of the hand; handiwork; (jewel.) bezel; (nav.) hull of a ship; the works of a writer. Office {_m._, divine service; duty; office[9]; employment; formulary of prayers. _Saint-—_; holy-office, inquisition. {_f._, servants’ hall; pantry. Ombre[10] {_m._, (ich.) umbra, chromis, corvo; umber, grayling, char; (card game) omber. {_f._, shade, shadow; spirit, ghost. Once {_m._, mountain-cat, catamount. {_f._, ounce (weight); jaguar, ounce. Orphiques {_m._, Orpheus’ poems; Pythagoreans, votaries of Orpheus. {_f._, orgies, feast in honor of Bacchus. Page {_m._, page, young male servant. {_f._, page of a book, etc. Paillasse {_m._, clown, merry-andrew. {_f._, straw-bed, straw-bed ticking. Palme {_m._, palm; hand (measures). {_f._, palm; palm-branch; (bot.) palm-tree; pattern of cashmere shawls; (sculpt., arch.) palm; (her.) palm; (bot.) Cuban reed; (nav.) a kind of East Indian ship with two masts. Pantomime {_m._, pantomimist, pantomime. {_f._, dumb-show, pantomime. Pâque[11] {_m._, Easter (Christian religion). {_f._, Passover, Easter (Jewish religion). Parallèle {_m._, comparison; (geog.) parallel of latitude. {_f._, (geom.) parallel line; (fort.) trench, trenches. Part {_m._, (jur.) new-born child, infant; birth. {_f._, share, portion, part; concern, interest, part, side. Peau-rouge {_m._, American Indian. Red-skin. {_f._, (no hyphen) any one’s skin when it is red, or redder than usual. Pendule {_m._, pendulum. {_f._, time-piece. Période {_m._, highest point, acme, height. {_f._, period, epoch. Personne {_m._, (pron.) nobody, anybody. {_f._, (noun) a person. Physique {_m._, a person’s constitution, body. {_f._, natural philosophy. Pique {_m._, spade (cards). {_f._, pike (weapon); tiff, pique, quarrel. Pivoine {_m._, (orni.) bull-finch. {_f._, (bot.) peony, piony. Plane {_m._, (bot.) plane-tree; inside surface of scissors blades. {_f._, joiner’s plane; spoke-shave, drawing-knife; (ich.) plaice. Platine {_m._, (metal.) platinum. {_f._, lock (of small fire-arms); metallic-plate. Podagre {_m._, a podagrical man, _i.e._ one having the gout in his feet. {_f._, podagra, gout in the feet. Poêle {_m._, pall; stove. {_f._, frying-pan. Polacre or {_m._, ☉Polish cavalry. Polaque {_f._, (nav.) polacca, polacre. Politique {_m._, politician. {_f._, politics; policy. Ponte {_m._, punter (gambling). {_f._, laying of eggs. Poste {_m._, post, situation. {_f._, post, mail, post-office; buckshot. Poulpe {_m._, (mol.) poulp, octopus. {_f._, pulp, pap. Pourpre {_m._, purple (color); (her.) purpure; (chem.) purple; (med.) purples. {_f._, purple, coloring matter extracted from _buccinum lapillus_; stuff, fabric dyed in purple; (fig.) vivid red color; sovereign dignity, cardinal’s dignity. Prétexte {_m._, pretense, pretext. {_f._, (Rom. ant.) prætexta. Primevère {_m._, ☉spring season. {_f._, (bot.) primrose, cowslip, oxlip. Pupille {_m._, a male ward. {_f._, a female ward; pupil of the eye. Pyrrhique {_m._, pyrrhic (poet.). {_f._, pyrrhic, military dance. Quadrille {_m._, quadrille (card game); quadrille, a dance; (mus.) quadrille. {_f._, troup of horses in a tournament. Quadruple {_m._, quadruple, fourfold; (Spanish coin) doubloon. {_f._, Spanish gold coin worth about £3 8s. Quatrième {_m._, fourth; 4th floor; pupil of the 4th form in public schools. {_f._, 4th form in public schools; (piquet) quart. Queux {_m._, ☉cook. {_f._, whetting-stone, hone. Réciproque {_m._, like, like for like, tit for tat. {_f._, (log.) converse. Réclame {_m._, (hawking) cry, sign to bring back a hawk to the lure or to the fist. {_f._, (print.) catch-word; primer; editorial advertisement in newspapers; (c.rel.) part of the responses recited in the versicle; (thea.) cue. Régale {_m._, organ stop imitating the human voice; regal (musical instrument). {_f._, the king’s right to receive the revenue of a vacant bishopric. Réglisse {_m._, _du réglisse_ (popular ellipsis for _du_ jus de _réglisse_) extract of liquorice, Spanish juice. {_f._, (bot.) liquorice, licorice; liquorice root. Relâche {_m._, (thea.) non-performance. {_f._, (nav.) putting into port. Remise {_m._, coach let on hire, livery-coach. {_f._, coach-house; (com.) remittance. Rencontre {_m._, (her.) rencounter. {_f._, encounter, rencounter, accidental meeting; accident, chance, collision; meeting; accidental fight; opportunity, occurrence, case; juncture. Rhingrave {_m._, count of the Rhine. {_f._, ☉knee-breeches. Romaïque {_m._, Romaic, modern Greek language. {_f._, the Greek national dance. Rossinante {_m._, Rosinante, Don Quixote’s horse. {_f._, Rosinante, a sorry horse, a jade. Sagittaire {_m._, (astron.) Saggitarius. {_f._, (bot.) arrow-head, adder’s-tongue. Sarde {_m._, a native of Sardinia. {_f._, (ich.) whale; scomber; sardan; Brazilian sardine or pilchard. Satyre {_m._, (myth.) satyr. {_f._, (Grec. ant.) satyric tragedy. Scolastique {_m._, scholastic; school-man. {_f._, scholasticism. Scolie {_m._, (geom.) scholium. {_f._, scholium, annotation; (Grec antiq.) table-song. Scytale {_m._, (zoöl.) a species of very venomous snakes. {_f._, (antiq.) staff used in Sparta as a cypher to write secret dispatches. Septième {_m._, seventh, seventh part, seventh day. {_f._, (piquet) septième; (mus.) seventh. Serpentaire {_m._, (astron.) Serpentarius; (orni.) secretary-bird, snake-eater. {_f._, (bot.) dragon’s-wort. Silène {_m._, (myth.) Silenus; Satyr, attendant of Bacchus; (ent.) a South European butterfly. {_f._, (bot.) catch-fly. Sixième {_m._, sixth, sixth part; sixth day; pupil of the 6th class in public schools. {_f._, (piquet) seizième; 6th class in public schools. Solde {_m._, balance of an account. {_f._, soldier’s pay. Somme {_m._, nap, slumbers, doze, sleep. {_f._, a sum of money; total; load, burden. Souris {_m._, smile. {_f._, mouse. Statère[12] {_m._, (antiq.) stater (coin). {_f._, (antiq.) statera, Roman balance. Statuaire {_m._, sculptor. {_f._, the art of making statues, statuary. Stipe {_m._, (bot.) stipe; caudex. {_f._, (bot.) stipa, feather-grass; ☉a tax on leases. Superbe {_m._, proud, haughty man. {_f._, arrogance, haughtiness, vainglory. Technique {_m._, (arts) material execution, technicalities. {_f._, technics. Teneur {_m._, keeper, accountant; _teneur de livres_; book-keeper. {_f._, text, terms, purport, tenor, contents, of writings. Terre-neuve {_m._, Newfoundland dog. {_f._, Newfoundland. Tirelire {_m._, ☉song, carol of the lark. {_f._, money-box. Tonique {_m._, (med.) tonic. {_f._, (mus.) tonic, key-note, key. Topique {_m._, (rhet., med.) tonic. {_f._, (rhet.) the art of finding topic or arguments. Tour {_m._, turn; tour; lathe; trick. {_f._, tower. Triomphe {_m._, triumph. {_f._, triumph (card-game). Trochée {_m._, (poet.) trochee. {_f._, (agri.) brushwood. Troisième {_m._, third; third floor; pupil of the 3d class in public schools. {_f._, 3d class in public schools. Trolle {_m._, globe-flower, trollius. {_f._, (hunt.) trolling. Trompette {_m._, trumpeter. {_f._, trumpet. Trouble {_m._, confusion, disorder, disturbance, dispute, quarrel; _pl._ troubles, broils, commotions. {_f._, hoop-net (for fishing). Vague {_m._, space, emptiness; vagueness; looseness; uncertainty. {_f._, sea-wave, billow. Vapeur {_m._, steamer, steam-boat. {_f._, steam; vapor. Vase {_m._, vase. {_f._, mud, slime, mire. Vigogne {_m._, hat made of vicugna wool. {_f._, (zoöl.) vicugna. Voile {_m._, veil. {_f._, sail. Vulnéraire {_m._, (pharm.) vulnerary. {_f._, (bot.) kidney-vetch, woundwort. FOOTNOTES [1] Some grammars and dictionaries give _ange de mer_, angel-fish, as feminine, but it is an error; _ange_ is masculine in all its acceptations.—(ACAD.) [2] In the language of botany this word is sometimes used in the masculine.—(ACAD.) [3] In the sense of pirate, this word has no accent: _capre_. [4] Some grammarians and lexicographers give _ébène_, in the figurative sense of black color, as masculine, but it is an error; _ébène_ is feminine even when used figuratively.—(ACAD.) [5] Voltaire used this word in the feminine, in the sense of a small sheet of paper; but it is contrary to etymology, and even to common sense. The French Academy does not give this acceptation. [6] When it means _forest_, its _e_ has a circumflex accent: _forêt_. [7] The French Academy gives to _jujube_ (fruit) the feminine gender; but it is contrary to general present usage. [8] French mechanicians give to this noun, in the sense of _tackle_, the masculine gender. [9] This word has never in French the meaning of _room_, _apartment_, for the transaction of business. [10] _Ombre_, card game, is also spelt _hombre_. [11] _Pâque_, or _Pâques_, Christian religion, is often used in the plural, and is then feminine. _Pâque_, Jewish religion, is always feminine, and never used in the plural. [12] When it means a coin, it is also spelt _stater_. TABLE OF IRREGULAR AND DEFECTIVE VERBS. The Imperfect of the Indicative, the Conditional, the Imperative, and the Imperfect of the Subjunctive, are wanting in this Table. These four tenses are formed as follows:— The imperfect of the indicative is regularly formed from the present participle by changing _ant_ into _ais_, as: _parl-ant_, _je parl-ais_; _finiss-ant_, _je finiss-ais_, &c. The conditional has always the same root as the future; so that the first person of the future being known, it is easy to form the conditional, as: _je parlerai_, _je parlerai-s_; _je finirai_, _je finirai-s_. The imperative is always regularly formed from the present of the indicative, by suppressing the pronouns, as: _je parle_, imperative, _parle_; except in the verbs _avoir_, _être_, and _savoir_. The third person singular and plural of the imperative are always the same as in the present of the subjunctive, and belong to that tense. The imperfect of the subjunctive is always regularly formed from the preterit indicative by adding _se_, etc., to the second person singular, as: _tu parlas_, _que je parlas-se_; _tu finis_, _que je finis-se_; _tu reçus_, _que je reçus-se_; _tu vendis_, _que je vendis-se_. _Infinitive._ _Present _Past _Present._ _Indicative participle._ participle._ Preterit._ _FIRST CONJUGATION._ Aller allant allé je vais, allons j’allai vas, allez va, vont Envoyer envoyant envoyé j’envoie, envoyons j’envoyai envoies, envoyez envoie, envoient _SECOND CONJUGATION._ Acquérir acquérant acquis j’acquiers, acquérons j’acquis acquiers, acquérez acquiert, acquièrent Assaillir assaillant assailli j’assaille, assaillons j’assaillis assailles, assaillez assaille, assaillent Avenir[1] avenant avenu il avient il avint Bouillir[2] bouillant bouilli je bous, bouillons je bouillis bous, bouillez bout, bouillent Courir courant couru je cours, courons je courus cours, courez court, courent Cueillir cueillant cueilli je cueille, cueillons je cueillis cueilles, cueillez cueille, cueillent Défaillir[3] défailli nous défaillons je défaillis vous défaillez ils défaillent ils défaillirent Dormir dormant dormi je dors, dormons je dormis dors, dormez dort, dorment Ébouillir ébouilli Faillir[4] faillant failli je faux, faillons je faillis faux, faillez faut, faillent Férir[5] féru Fleurir fleurissant fleuri je fleuris, fleurissons je fleuris florissant fleuris, fleurissez fleurit, fleurissent Fuir fuyant fui je fuis, fuyons je fuis fuis, fuyez fuit, fuient Gésir[6] gisant gisons gisez gît, gisent Haïr haïssant haï je hais, haïssons je haïs hais, haïssez hait, haïssent Mésavenir il mésavient il mésavint Mourir mourant mort je meurs, mourons je mourus meurs, mourez meurt, meurent Ouïr[7] ouï j’ois, oyons j’ouïs ois, oyez oit, oient Ouvrir ouvrant ouvert j’ouvre, ouvrons j’ouvris ouvres, ouvrez ouvre, ouvrent Quérir[8] Saillir[9] saillant sailli il saille ils saillent Sentir sentant senti je sens, sentons je sentis sens, sentez sent, sentent Servir servant servi je sers, servons je servis sers, servez sert, servent Sortir[10] sortissant sorti il sortit il sortissent Surgir[11] il surgit il surgit ils surgissent Tenir tenant tenu je tiens, tenons je tins tiens, tenez tient, tiennent Vêtir vêtant vêtu je vêts, vêtons je vêtis vêts, vêtez vêt, vêtent _THIRD CONJUGATION._ Apparoir[12] il appert Asseoir asseyant assis j’assieds, asseyons j’assis assieds, asseyez assied, asseient Avoir ayant eu j’ai, avons j’eus as, avez a, ont Choir chu Comparoir[13] Déchoir[14] déchu je déchois, déchoyons je déchus déchois, déchoyez déchoit, déchoient Démouvoir Échoir[15] échéant échu il échoit _or_ il échut il échet Falloir[16] fallu il faut il fallut Mouvoir mouvant mu je meus, mouvons je mus meus, mouvez meut, meuvent Pleuvoir pleuvant plu il pleut il plut Pourvoir pourvoyant pourvu je pourvois, pourvoyons je pourvus pourvois, pourvoyez pourvoit, pourvoient Pouvoir pouvant pu [17]je puis, pouvons je pus peux, pouvez peut, peuvent Prévaloir prévalant prévalu je prévaux, prévalons je prévalus prévaux, prévalez prévaut, prévalent Prévoir prévoyant prévu je prévois, prévoyons je prévis prévois, prévoyez prévoit, prévoient Promouvoir[18] promu Ravoir[19] Savoir[20] sachant su je sais, savons je sus sais, savez sait, savent Seoir[21] seyant il sied ils siéent Seoir[22] séant sis Surseoir sursoyant sursis je sursois, sursoyons je sursis sursois, sursoyez sursoit, sursoient Valoir[23] valant valu je vaux, valons je valus vaux, valez vaut, valent Voir voyant vu je vois, voyons je vis vois, voyez voit, voient Vouloir[24] voulant voulu je veux, voulons je voulus veux, voulez veut, veulent _FOURTH CONJUGATION._ Absoudre absolvant absous, j’absous, absolvons _m._ absous, absolvez absoute, absout, absolvent _f._ Abstraire abstrayant abstrait j’abstrais, abstrayons abstrais, abstrayez abstrait, abstraient Accroire[25] (_i.e._ faire accroire (à)) Battre battant battu je bats, battons je battis bats, battez bat, battent Boire buvant bu je bois, buvons je bus bois, buvez boit, boivent Braire il brait ils braient Bruire[26] bruyant Circoncire circoncisant circoncis je circoncis, circoncisons je circoncis, circoncisez circoncis circoncit, circoncisent Clore[27] clos je clos clos clôt Conclure concluant conclu je conclus, concluons je conclus conclus, concluez conclut, concluent Confire confisant confit je confis, confisons je confis confis, confisez confit, confisent Coudre cousant cousu je couds, cousons je cousis couds, cousez coud, cousent Croire croyant cru je crois, croyons je crus crois, croyez croit, croient Croître croissant crû je croîs, croissons je crûs croîs, croissez croît, croissent Déconfire déconfit Dire disant dit je dis, disons je dis dis, dites dit, disent Éclore éclos il éclôt ils éclosent Écrire écrivant écrit j’écris, écrivons j’écrivis écris, écrivez écrit, écrivent s’Emboire[28] embu s’Ensuivre ensuivant ensuivi il s’ensuit il s’ensuivit s’Éprendre épris Être étant été je suis, sommes je fus es, êtes est, sont Faire faisant fait je fais, faisons je fis fais, faites fait, font Forfaire (à)[29] forfait Frire[30] frit fris fris frit Joindre joignant joint je joins, joignons je joignis joins, joignez joint, joignent Lire lisant lu je lis, lisons je lus lis, lisez lit, lisent Luire luisant lui je luis, luisons luis, luisez luit, luisent Malfaire Maudire maudissant maudit je maudis, maudissons je maudis maudis, maudissez maudit, maudissent Médire (de) médisant médit je médis, médisons je médis médis, médisez médit, médisent Méfaire méfait Mettre mettant mis je mets, mettons je mis mets, mettez met, mettent Moudre moulant moulu je mouds, moulons je moulus mouds, moulez moud, moulent Naître naissant né je nais, naissons je naquis nais, naissez naît, naissent Nuire (à) nuisant nui je nuis, nuisons je nuisis nuis, nuisez nuit, nuisent Paître paissant pu je pais, paissons pais, paissez pait, paissent Paraître paraissant paru je parais, paraissons je parus parais, paraissez parait, paraissent Plaire plaisant plu je plais, plaisons je plus plais, plaisez plait, plaisent Poindre il point Prendre prenant pris je prends, prenons je pris prends, prenez prend, prennent Réduire réduisant réduit je réduis, réduisons je réduisis réduis, réduisez réduit, réduisent Repaître repaissant repu je repais, repaissons je repus repais, repaissez repait, repaissent Résoudre résolvant résolu je résous, résolvons je résolus résous résous, résolvez résout, résolvent Rire (de) riant ri je ris, rions je ris ris, riez rit, rient Rompre rompant rompu je romps, rompons je rompis romps, rompez rompt, rompent Sourdre il sourd ils sourdent Suffire (à) suffisant suffi je suffis, suffisons je suffis suffis, suffisez suffit, suffisent Suivre suivant suivi je suis, suivons je suivis suis, suivez suit, suivent Traire trayant trait je trais, trayons trais, trayez trait, traient Vaincre vainquant vaincu je vaincs, vainquons je vainquis vaincs, vainquez vainc, vainquent Vivre (de) vivant vécu je vis, vivons je vécus vis, vivez vit, vivent _Future._ _Subjunctive _English._ Present._ _FIRST CONJUGATION._ Aller j’irai aille, allions to go. aille, aillent ailles, alliez Envoyer j’enverrai envoie, envoyions to send. envoies, envoyiez envoie, envoient _SECOND CONJUGATION._ Acquérir j’acquerrai acquière, acquérions to acquire. acquières, acquériez acquière, acquièrent Assaillir j’assaillirai assaille, assaillions to assault. assailles, assailliez assaille, assaillent Avenir[1] il aviendra qu’il avienne to happen. Bouillir[2] je bouillirai bouille, bouillions to boil. bouilles, bouilliez bouille, bouillent Courir je courrai coure, courions to run. coures, couriez coure, courent Cueillir je cueillerai cueille, cueillions to gather. cueilles, cueilliez cueille, cueillent Défaillir[3] to faint. Dormir je dormirai dorme, dormions to sleep. dormes, dormiez dorme, dorment Ébouillir to boil away. Faillir[4] je faudrai to fail. Férir[5] to strike. Fleurir je fleurirai fleurisse, fleurissions to flourish, to fleurisses, fleurissiez prosper. fleurisse, fleurissent Fuir je fuirai fuie, fuyions to flee. fuies, fuyiez fuie, fuient Gésir[6] to lie. Haïr je haïrai haïsse to hate. Mésavenir qu’il mésavienne to succeed ill. Mourir je mourrai meure, mourions to die. meures, mouriez meure, meurent Ouïr[7] j’oirai (old, legal) to hear. Ouvrir j’ouvrirai ouvre, ouvrions to open. ouvres, ouvriez ouvre, ouvrent Quérir[8] to fetch. Saillir[9] il saillera qu’il saille to project. ils sailleront qu’ils saillent Sentir je sentirai sente, sentions to feel, smell. sentes, sentiez sente, sentent Servir je servirai serve, servions to serve. serves, serviez serve, servent Sortir[10] il sortira qu’il sortisse to obtain. ils sortiront qu’ils sortissent Surgir[11] il surgira to spring up, to arise. Tenir je tiendrai tienne, tenions to hold. tiennes, teniez tienne, tiennent Vêtir je vêtirai vête, vêtions to clothe. vêtes, vêtiez vête, vêtent _THIRD CONJUGATION._ Apparoir[12] to appear. Asseoir j’assiérai asseie, asseyions to set. _or_ _or_ asseye j’asseoirai asseies, asseyiez asseie, asseient Avoir j’aurai aie, ayons to have. aies, ayez ait, aient Choir to fall. Comparoir[13] to appear (before a tribunal) Déchoir[14] je décherrai déchoie, déchoyions to fall, lose. déchoies, déchoyiez déchoie, déchoient Démouvoir to make one desist. Échoir[15] il écherra échoie to fall due, to expire. Falloir[16] il faudra qu’il faille to be necessary. Mouvoir je mouvrai meuve, mouvions to move. meuves, mouviez meuve, meuvent Pleuvoir il pleuvra qu’il pleuve to rain. Pourvoir je pourvoirai pourvoie, pourvoyions to provide. pourvoies, pourvoyiez pourvoie, pourvoient Pouvoir je pourrai puisse, puissions to be able. puisses, puissiez puisse, puissent Prévaloir je prévaudrai prévale, prévalions to prevail. prévales, prévaliez prévale, prévalent Prévoir je prévoirai prévoie, prévoyions to foresee. prévoies, prévoyiez prévoie, prévoient Promouvoir[18] to promote. Ravoir[19] to recover, to have again. Savoir[20] je saurai sache, sachions to know. saches, sachiez sache, sachent Seoir[21] il siéra qu’il siée to become, to ils siéront qu’ils siéent befit. Seoir[22] to sit, situate. Surseoir je surseoirai sursoie, sursoyions to put off, to sursoies, sursoyiez suspend. sursoie, sursoient Valoir[23] je vaudrai vaille, valions to be worth. vailles, valiez vaille, vaillent Voir je verrai voie, voyions to see. voies, voyiez voie, voient Vouloir[24] je voudrai veuille, voulions to be willing. veuilles, vouliez veuille, veuillent _FOURTH CONJUGATION._ Absoudre j’absoudrai absolve, absolvions to absolve. absolves, absolviez absolve, absolvent _f._ Abstraire j’abstrairai abstraie, abstrayions to abstract. abstraies, abstrayiez abstraie, abstraient Accroire[25] (_i.e._ faire accroire (à)) to make one believe. Battre je battrai batte, battions to beat. battes, battiez batte, battent Boire je boirai boive, buvions to drink. boives, buviez boive, boivent Braire il braira to bray. ils brairont Bruire[26] to roar, to rustle. Circoncire je circoncirai circoncise, circoncisions to circumcise. circoncises, circoncisiez circoncise, circoncisent Clore[27] je clorai to close. Conclure je conclurai conclue, concluions to conclude. conclues, concluiez conclue, concluent Confire je confirai confise, confisions to pickle, confises, confisiez preserve. confise, confisent Coudre je coudrai couse, cousions to sew. couses, cousiez couse, cousent Croire je croirai croie, croyions to believe. croies, croyiez croie, croient Croître je croîtrai croisse, croissions to grow. croisses, croissiez croisse, croissent Déconfire to discomfit. Dire je dirai dise, disions to say. dises, disiez dise, disent Éclore il éclora qu’il éclose to hatch, to ils écloront qu’ils éclosent blow (of flowers). Écrire j’écrirai écrive, écrivions to write. écrives, écriviez écrive, écrivent s’Emboire[28] to imbibe. s’Ensuivre il s’ensuivra qu’il s’ensuive to follow, to result from. s’Éprendre to be smitten. Être je serai sois, soyons to be. sois, soyez soit, soient Faire je ferai fasse, fassions to make, to do. fasses, fassiez fasse, fassent Forfaire (à)[29] to forfeit, to trespass, to be false to. Frire[30] je frirai to fry. Joindre je joindrai joigne, joignions to join. joignes, joigniez joigne, joignent Lire je lirai lise, lisions to read. lises, lisiez lise, lisent Luire je luirai luise, luisions to shine. luises, luisiez luise, luisent Malfaire to do mischief. Maudire je maudirai maudisse, maudissions to curse. maudisses, maudissiez maudisse, maudissent Médire (de) je médirai médise, médisions to slander. médises, médisiez médise, médisent Méfaire to misdo. Mettre je mettrai mette, mettions to put. mettes, mettiez mette, mettent Moudre je moudrais moule, moulions to grind. moules, mouliez moule, moulent Naître je naîtrai naisse, naissions to be born. naisses, naissiez naisse, naissent Nuire (à) je nuirai nuise, nuisions to hurt, to nuises, nuisiez injure. nuise, nuisent Paître je paîtrai paisse, paissions to graze. paisses, paissiez paisse, paissent Paraître je paraitrai paraisse, paraissions to appear. paraisses, paraissiez paraisse, paraissent Plaire je plairai plaise, plaisions to please. plaises, plaisiez plaise, plaisent Poindre il poindra to dawn, to sting. Prendre je prendrai prenne, prenions to take. prennes, preniez prenne, prennent Réduire je réduirai réduise, réduisions to reduce. réduises, réduisiez réduise, réduisent Repaître je repaîtrai repaisse, repaissions to feed. repaisses, repaissiez repaisse, repaissent Résoudre je résoudrai résolve, résolvions to resolve. résolves, résolviez résolve, résolvent Rire (de) je rirai rie, riions to laugh (at). ries, riiez rie, rient Rompre je romprai rompe, rompions to break. rompes, rompiez rompe, rompent Sourdre to issue, to arise. Suffire (à) je suffirai suffise, suffisions to suffice. suffises, suffisiez suffise, suffisent Suivre je suivrai suive, suivions to follow. suives, suiviez suive, suivent Traire je trairai traie, trayions to milk. traies, trayiez traie, traient Vaincre je vaincrai vainque, vainquions to conquer. vainques, vainquiez vainque, vainquent Vivre (de) je vivrai vive, vivions to live (on or vives, viviez upon). vive, vivent FOOTNOTES [1] _Advenir_ is more often used. [2] The verb _faire_ is generally used to conjugate this verb; as, _faire bouillir_, &c., except in 3d pers. singular and plural when used “_directly_”: As, l’eau bout-elle? does the water boil? Ces pommes de terre bouillent-elles? Do these potatoes boil? [3] The imperfect of the indicative, _je défaillais_, is used. [4] This verb is seldom used but in the preterit, the compound tenses, and in the infinitive after another verb. [5] The infinitive is only used in the phrase _sans coup férir_, without striking a blow. [6] The imperfect of the indicative, _je gisais_, &c., is used. [7] This verb is seldom used but in the infinitive present, and in the compound tenses. [8] Used only in familiar conversation, and in the infinitive after _aller_, _venir_, _envoyer_. [9] Used only in the third persons. When it means “to gush,” or (of a horse) to serve a mare, it is conjugated like _finir_. [10] Used as a law term only. [11] Seldom used but in the infinitive. [12] Used as a law term only. [13] Used as a law term only. [14] Imperfect of the indicative: _je déchoyais_, &c. [15] Used generally in the third person only. [16] _Il fallait_ is used. No imperative. [17] _Je peux_ is also used. No imperative. [18] Only used in the infinitive, in the compound tenses, and in the imperfect of the subjunctive. [19] Used in the infinitive only. [20] Imperative: _sache_, _sachons_, _sachez_. _Je ne sache_ is rhetorically used in the first person of the indicative present. Ex.: “_Je ne sache rien de plus grand et de plus beau_” (V. Hugo). The imperfect of the indicative is _je savais_, &c. [21] Used in the third person only. No compound tenses. [22] Used in the two participles only. [23] No imperative. [24] The second person plural of the imperative is _veuillez_, please to. [25] Used only in the infinitive, and always with the verb _faire_. [26] Imperfect of the indicative _il bruyait_, _ils bruyaient_. [27] Used in all the compound tenses. [28] Used in painting only. [29] Used only in the infinitive and compound tenses. [30] The verb _faire_ is used to supply the persons and tenses that are wanting; as, _nous faisons frire_, &c. LIST OF IRREGULAR AND DEFECTIVE VERBS, CONJUGATED AFTER THE VERBS IN THE FOREGOING TABLE. _Conjugated like_ _FIRST CONJUGATION._ Renvoyer to send back envoyer. s’En aller to go away aller. _SECOND CONJUGATION._ Conquérir to conquer} Reconquérir to reconquer} Requérir to request} acquérir. s’Enquérir to inquire} Tressaillir to start up assaillir. Rebouillir to boil again bouillir. Accourir to hasten to} Concourir to concur} Discourir (de) to talk about} Encourir to incur} courir. Parcourir to run over} Recourir (à) to have recourse to} Secourir to succor} Accueillir to welcome} Recueillir to gather} cueillir. se Recueillir to collect one’s self} Endormir to lull asleep} s’Endormir to fall asleep} Rendormir to lull to sleep again} dormir. se Rendormir to fall asleep again} s’Enfuir to run away fuir. Couvrir to cover} Découvrir to uncover, to discover} Entr’ouvrir to open a little} Mésoffrir to underbid} Offrir to offer} ouvrir. Recouvrir to cover again} Rouvrir to open again} Souffrir to suffer} Consentir to agree} se Départir (de) to desist, to swerve(from)} Démentir to belie} Mentir to lie} Partir to set out} Pressentir to foresee} sentir. Repartir to set off again} se Repentir to repent} Ressentir to feel} se Ressentir (de) to feel} Ressortir to go out again} Sortir to go out} Desservir to clear the table, to do an ill office} servir. se Servir (de) to make use of} s’Abstenir to abstain} Appartenir to belong to} Circonvenir to circumvent} Contenir to contain} se Contenir to refrain (from)} Contrevenir to infringe} Convenir to suit (with _avoir_), to agree} (with _être_ in comp’d tenses)} Déprévenir to divest of (prejudice)} Devenir to become} Disconvenir to deny} Entretenir to entertain} s’Entretenir to discourse with} Intervenir to intervene} Maintenir to maintain} tenir. Obtenir to obtain} Parvenir to arrive} Prévenir to prepossess, to forewarn} Provenir to proceed from} Redevenir to become again} Retenir to retain} se Retenir (de) to forbear} Revenir to come back} se Ressouvenir (de) to remember} se Souvenir (de) to recollect} Soutenir to maintain} Subvenir (à) to provide for} Survenir to happen, to befall} Venir to come} Dévêtir to undress} se Dévêtir to divest one’s self} Revêtir (de) to clothe, to dress} vêtir. se Vêtir to clothe one’s self} _THIRD CONJUGATION._ s’Asseoir to sit down} Rasseoir to place down again} asseoir. se Rasseoir to sit down again} Rechoir to fall again choir. Émouvoir to move, to stir up} s’Émouvoir to be moved, to be concerned} mouvoir. Dépourvoir to leave unprovided pourvoir. Équivaloir to be equivalent} Revaloir to return like for like} prévaloir. se Prévaloir (de) to take advantage (of)} Messeoir to be unbecoming seoir. Entrevoir to catch a glimpse of} s’Entrevoir to see each other} voir. Revoir to see again} _FOURTH CONJUGATION._ Dissoudre to dissolve, to melt absoudre. Abattre to pull down} s’Abattre to fall down} se Battre to fight} Combattre to fight, to combat} Débattre to debate} se Débattre to struggle} s’Ébattre to take one’s pleasure} battre. Embattre to lay the tire of a wheel} Rabattre to abate, to bring down} se Rabattre to turn off, to turn back, to fall back upon} Rebattre to beat again} Reboire to drink again boire. Déclore to unclose} Enclore to enclose} clore. Forclore to foreclose} Exclure to exclude} Reclure to shut up} conclure. Découdre to unsew} Recoudre to sew again} coudre. Mécroire to disbelieve croire. Accroître to increase} Décroître to decrease} Recroître to grow again} croître.[1] Surcroître to grow out} Redire to say again dire. Circonscrire to circumscribe} Décrire to describe} Inscrire to inscribe} s’Inscrire to enter one’s name} Prescrire to prescribe} se Prescrire to be lost by limitation (law)} écrire. Proscrire to proscribe, to outlaw} Récrire to write again} Souscrire to subscribe} Transcrire to transcribe} Contrefaire to imitate, to mimic} Défaire to undo} se Défaire to get rid} Parfaire to perfect} Redéfaire to undo again} faire. Refaire to make again} se Refaire to recover} Satisfaire to satisfy} Surfaire to ask too much} Refrire to fry again frire. Adjoindre to adjoin} Astreindre to subject} s’Astreindre to confine one’s self} Atteindre to overtake, to reach} Aveindre to take out _or_ from, to fetch} Ceindre to gird, to encompass} Conjoindre to conjoin} Contraindre to constrain} Craindre to fear, to be afraid} Déjoindre to disjoin} Dépeindre to describe} Déteindre to discolor} Disjoindre to disjoin} Empreindre to imprint} Enceindre to enclose} Enfreindre to transgress, to infringe} joindre. Enjoindre to enjoin} Épreindre to squeeze out} Éteindre to extinguish} Étreindre to tie close, to clasp} Feindre to feign} Geindre to whine, to moan} Oindre to anoint} Peindre to paint} Plaindre to pity} se Plaindre to complain} Ratteindre to overtake again} Rejoindre to join again} Repeindre to paint again} Restreindre to restrain, to confine} Teindre to dye, to color} Élire to elect, to choose} Prélire to read over previously} Réélire to elect again} lire. Relire to read again} Reluire to glitter, to shine} Entre-luire to shine a little} luire. Contredire to contradict} Dédire to disown, to unsay, to belie} se Dédire to recant, to retract} médire. Interdire to interdict, to forbid} Prédire to foretell, to predict} Admettre to admit} Commettre to commit} Compromettre to compromise, to expose} se Compromettre to compromise one’s self} Démettre to dislocate} se Démettre (de) to resign} Émettre to issue, to set forth, to emit} mettre. s’Entremettre to interpose, to meddle} Omettre to omit} Permettre to permit, to allow} Promettre to promise} Remettre to replace, to set again} Soumettre to submit, to subdue} Transmettre to transmit} Émoudre to whet, to sharpen} Remoudre to grind over again} moudre. Rémoudre to sharpen again} Renaître to revive, to be born again naître. Apparaître to appear} Comparaître to appear} Connaître to know, to be acquainted with} Disparaître to disappear} paraître. Méconnaître to disown, not to know} se Méconnaître to forget one’s self} Reconnaître to recognize, to acknowledge} Reparaître to appear again} Complaire to humor, to please} se Complaire to delight} Déplaire to displease} se Déplaire to be displeased with} plaire. Taire to conceal, to keep secret} se Taire to remain silent} Apprendre to learn, to hear of} Comprendre to understand, to include} Déprendre to loosen, to disengage} Désapprendre to unlearn} Entreprendre to undertake} se Méprendre to mistake} prendre. Rapprendre to learn again} Reprendre to take again, to chide} se Reprendre to correct one’s self} Surprendre to surprise, to astonish} Conduire to conduct, to lead} Construire to construct, to build} Cuire to cook, to bake} Décuire to thin (syrups, etc.)} Déconstruire to take to pieces} Déduire to deduct} Détruire to destroy} se Détruire to kill one’s self, to decay} Éconduire to bow out, to refuse} Enduire to plaster, to do over} Induire to induce} réduire. Instruire to instruct} Introduire to introduce} Produire to produce, to bring forth} Reconduire to conduct again} Reconstruire to build again} Recuire to bake again, to do again} Renduire to plaster anew} Reproduire to reproduce} Séduire to seduce, to bribe} Traduire to translate} se Repaître to thirst after, to delight in repaître. se Rire (de) to laugh at} Sourire to smile} rire. Corrompre to corrupt} Interrompre to interrupt} rompre. Poursuivre to pursue, to prosecute suivre. Abstraire to abstract} Distraire to distract, to divert} Extraire to extract} Retraire to redeem an estate} traire. Rentraire to fine-draw} Soustraire to substract, to deduct} se Soustraire (à) to avoid, to escape} Convaincre to convince vaincre. Revivre to revive} Survivre (à) to survive, to outlive} vivre. FOOTNOTES [1] Only recroître takes a circumflex on its past participle. EXPLANATION OF THE SIGNS USED IN THIS WORK. * Represents the liquid sounds of _gn_, _l_, or _ll_. † Signifies that the _h_ is aspirated. — Indicates the repetition of the same word. (—) Indicates the plural of foreign and compound nouns when it is like the singular. (—s) Indicates the plural of foreign nouns when it is formed by adding _s_. When the plural of foreign and compound nouns is formed by changing the final letter or letters, the whole plural form is given. Thus, _e.g._, (_Lazaroni_), plural of _Lazarone_; (_—-amiraux_), plural of _vice-admiral_. (_—s-—s_), or (_—s-—x_), or (_—x-—x_), or (_—x-—s_) Indicate the plural of compound nouns when it is formed by adding _s_ or _x_ to each component. (_—s-—_) or (_—x-—_) Indicate the plural of compound nouns when it is formed by adding _s_ or _x_ to the first component only. (_—-—s_) or (_—-—x_) Indicate the plural of compound nouns when it is formed by adding _s_ or _x_ to the second component only. (_n.s._) Indicates foreign and compound nouns not used in the singular. (_n.p._) Indicates foreign and compound nouns not used in the plural. - Before final letters, points out the masculine termination, which is to be changed in the feminine; as, _acti-f_, _-ve_, actif, active; _act-eur_, _-rice_, acteur, actrice; _honteu-x_, _-se_, honteux, honteuse. The long sound of the vowels is designated by a horizontal mark over the vowel, thus: ā, ē, ī, ō, ū. The short sound of the vowels is designated by a curved mark, thus: ă, ĕ, ĭ, ŏ, ŭ. This mark seldom occurs but over the unaccented _e_. When there is no mark over the other vowels, they may be considered as natural; that is, as neither long nor short. Words in parentheses serve to complete the sense of those words that precede or follow them; or they refer to the object with which they are connected, or indicate the art, trade, profession, etc., to which they relate. They are given in English and in French. Those words of which the pronunciation is quite irregular are noticed in full; but those that are only partly irregular are noticed in their irregularities only. Therefore, such words as _chiromancie_, _archétype_, _équateur_, which are irregular in one syllable only, are noticed in that syllable alone; as _ki-_, _-ké-_, _-koua-_. As none but French spelling can give a correct idea of French pronunciation, it is used throughout this dictionary, with the exception of _ch_, which is rendered by _sh_, so that it may not be mistaken for _k_; of _ou_, which is expressed by _oo_; and of _oi_, which is represented by _oa_. ☉ Indicates obsolete French words. When found in the middle of lines, it indicates that the French word is obsolete in the meaning before which it is placed. (ant.) Indicates obsolete English words. When two or more French nouns of the same gender follow, their gender is indicated after the last noun only. The pronunciation of English words is indicated, in the English-French Division, in the same manner as that of French words in the French-English Division, and represented in _all_ cases by means of the French spelling, with the exception of: 1st, _th_ hard, which is expressed by (th); 2nd, _th_ soft, ” ” (_th_); 3rd, _g_, when hard before _e_, _i_, or _y_, by (gh). ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS WORK. a., active, _actif_. ab., abbreviation, _abréviation_. Acad., Academy, _Académie_. adj., adjective, _adjectif_. adject., adjectively, _adjectivement_. adv., adverb, _adverbe_. agri., agriculture, _agriculture_. alch., alchemy, _alchimie_. alg., algebra, _algèbre_. anat., anatomy, _anatomie_. antiq., antiquity, _antiquité_. arch., architecture, _architecture_. arith., arithmetic, _arithmétique_. art., article, _article_. artil., artillery, _artillerie_. astrol., astrology, _astrologie_. astron., astronomy, _astronomie_. auxil., auxiliary, _auxiliaire_. bookbind., bookbinding, _reliure_. bot., botany, _botanique_. b.s., bad sense, _mauvaise part_. carp., carpentry, _charpenterie_. chem., chemistry, _chimie_. coin., coining, _monnayage_. com., commerce, _commerce_. conch., conchology, _conchologie_. conj., conjunction, _conjonction_. cook., cookery, _cuisine_. c.rel., catholic religion, _religion catholique_. dy., dyeing, _teinture_. ecc., ecclesiastical, _ecclésiastique_. engr., engraving, _gravure_. ent., entomology, _entomologie_. exc., exclamation, _exclamation_. f., feminine, _féminin_. fam., familiar, _familier_. fenc., fencing, _escrime_. fig., figuratively, _au figuré_. fin., finance, _finances_. fort., fortification, _fortification_. foss., fossils, _fossiles_. gard., gardening, _jardinage_. geog., geography, _géographie_. geol., geology, _géologie_. geom., geometry, _géométrie_. gold., goldsmith’s work, _orfèvrerie_. gram., grammar, _grammaire_. her., heraldry, _blason_. hist., history, _histoire_. horl., horology, _horlogerie_. hort., horticulture, _horticulture_. hunt., hunting, _chasse_. hydr., hydraulics, _hydraulique_. ich., ichthyology, _ichtyologie_. imp., impersonal, _impersonne_. indecl., indeclinable, _invariable_. int., interjection, _interjection_. iron., ironically, _ironiquement_. jest., jestingly, _par plaisanterie_. jur., jurisprudence, _jurisprudence_. l.ex., low expression, _terme bas_. lit., literature, _littérature_. log., logic, _logique_. l.u., little used, _peu usité_. m., masculine, _masculin_. mam., mammalogy, _mammalogie_. man., manege, _manège_. manu., manufacture, _manufactures_. mas., masonry, _maçonnerie_. math., mathematics, _mathématiques_. mec., mechanics, _mécanique_. med., medicine, _médecine_. metal., metallurgy, _métallurgie_. milit., military art, _art militaire_. min., mineralogy, _minéralogie_. mol., mollusk, _mollusque_. mus., music, _musique_. myth., mythology, _mythologie_. n., noun-substantive, _nom substantif_. nav., navy, _marine_. opt., optics, _optique_. orni., ornithology, _ornithologie_. paint., painting, _peinture_. part., participle, _participe_. pers., person, _personne_. persp., perspective, _perspective_. pharm., pharmacy, _pharmacie_. philos., philosophy, _philosophie_. phys., natural philosophy (physics), _physique_. pl., plural, _pluriel_. poet., poetry, _poésie_. pol., politics, _politique_. pop., popular, _populaire_. prep., preposition, _préposition_. print., printing, _imprimerie_. pron., pronoun, _pronom_. prov., proverbially, _proverbialement_. r., reflected, _réfléchi_. rel., religion, _religion_. rhet., rhetoric, _rhétorique_. sculpt., sculpture, _sculpture_. sing., singular, _singulier_. st.e., elevated style, _style soutenu_. subst., substantively, _substantivement_. surg., surgery, _chirurgie_. tech., technology, _technologie_. thea., theater, _théâtre_. theol., theology, _théologie_. triv., trivial, _trivial_. v., verb, _verbe_. v.a., verb active, _verbe actif_. vet., veterinary art, _art vétérinaire_. v.imp., verb impersonal, _verbe impersonnel_. v.n., verb neuter, _verbe neutre_. v.r., verb reflected, _verbe réfléchi_. V., vide, _voir_. zoöl., zoölogy, _zoologie_. A GENERAL FRENCH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. A =a=, _n.m._, the first letter of the alphabet, a. _Panse d’a_; oval of an a. _Il ne sait ni ~a~ ni ~b~_; he does not know _a_ from _b_. _Il n’a pas fait une panse d’a_; he has not done a letter, a stroke. _Un homme marqué à l’a_; the beau-ideal of a man, a man thoroughly reliable. _C’est un homme marqué à l’a_; he is the soul of honor. =a= (ab.), _Altesse_; Highness. =aa= (ab.), _Altesses_; Highnesses. =a=, at the beginning of French words, often comes from the privative α of the Greeks, and denotes privation; as, _atonie_, debility; _acéphale_, acephalous. =à=, _prep._, denotes the end or term of the action of the verb, and indicates the person or thing this action tends to. _Aller à Paris_; to go to Paris. _Parler à quelqu’un_; to speak to some one. =à= denotes extraction, separation. _Oter une bague à quelqu’un_; to take a ring from any one. _Se soustraire aux poursuites de la justice_; to abscond. =à= denotes property, possession. _Cette montre est à mon frère_; this watch is my brother’s. _Il a un style_, _une manière_, _à lui_; he has a style, a manner, all his own. _Cette ferme appartient à mon père_; that farm belongs to my father. =à= denotes period, time. _Au lever du soleil_; at sunrise. _À l’aube du jour_; at daybreak. _Arriver à temps_; to arrive in time. _À mon retour_; on my return. =à= indicates what stops on the surface, or penetrates beyond it. _Il a une bague au doigt_; he has a ring on his finger. _Blessé à l’épaule_; wounded in the shoulder. =à= establishes the relative distance between things and persons. _À portée de canon_; within cannon-shot. _Il demeure à vingt lieues d’ici_; he lives twenty leagues off. _De vous à moi_; between you and me, from you to me. _De Paris à Rouen_; from Paris to Rouen. =à= points out whatever furnishes an inference or ground for conjecture. _À l’œuvre on connait l’ouvrier_; the workman is known by his work. _Attendre à l’œuvre_; to await results. =à= denotes succession, gradation, order. _Petit à petit_; little by little. _Un à un_; one by one. _Traduire mot à mot_; to translate word for word, _i.e._, literally. =à= is used in speaking of goods sold or bought by weight, measure, or quantity. _Vendre du vin à la bouteille_; to sell wine by the bottle. _Vendre de la viande à la livre_; to sell meat by the pound. =à= denotes value, price. _Dîner à trois francs par tête_; to dine at three francs a head. =à= denotes conformity, manner. _S’habiller à la Française_; to dress after the French fashion. _A l’instar de la capitale_; after the manner of the capital. _À mon avis_; in my opinion. _Aller à pied_, _à cheval_; to go on foot, to ride on horseback. _Marcher à reculons_; to walk backwards. =à=, between two nouns, makes the second serve to denote the species or quality of the first. _Canne à sucre_; sugar-cane. _Vache à lait_; milch-cow. =à=, between two numeral adjectives, signifies _between_, or _about_. _Un homme de quarante à cinquante ans_; a man between forty and fifty. _Il y a quatre à cinq lieues_; it is about four or five leagues distant. Remark.—The French say _quatre à cinq lieues_, because leagues are things which may be divided into fractions; but, in speaking of things which cannot be divided, _ou_ must be used. For instance, _Quatre ou cinq personnes_; four or five persons. =à=, before an infinitive, commonly denotes what is proper to be done. _Un avis à suivre_; an opinion worth following. _Un homme à récompenser ou à pendre_; a man that deserves to be rewarded or hanged. =à=, used in speaking of vehicles, signifies _and_. _Une voiture à quatre chevaux_, _grandes guides_; a carriage and four. =à= is used in description instead of the English _with_. _Un homme à barbe blanche_; a man with a white beard. _Une maison à pignon_; a house with a gable, gabled. =a=, has. =abaca=, _n.m._, abaca, Manila hemp. =abacus= (-kuss), _n.m._, abacus. =abaisse=, _n.f._, the under-crust of pastry, piece of rolled paste. =abaissé=, =-e=, _part._, lowered, brought low; dejected; diminished, flattened. _Le pal est —_ (her.); the pale is abased. =abaissement= (-bèss-man), _n.m._, lowering, falling, abatement, depression; humiliation, abasement; (surg.) couching. _L’— des eaux_; the abatement of the waters. _Opération de la cataracte par —_; couching. =abaisser=, _v.a._, to let down, to let fall, to lower; to bring low down; to diminish, to reduce; to pull down; (gard.) to lop out; to debase, to cry down; to humble; to roll (paste); (surg.) to couch. _— un pont-levis_; to let down a drawbridge. _— la voix_; to lower the voice. _Dieu abaisse les superbes_; God humbles the proud. _Abaisser une cataracte_; (surg.) to couch a cataract. _s’_=abaisser=, _v.r._, to fall, to decrease, to subside, to abate, to decline; to humble one’s self, to stoop, to sink, to cringe. _S’— à le prier_; to stoop so low as to entreat him. =abaisseur=, _n.m._, (anat.) depressor. =abaisseur=, _adj._, (anat.) depriment. _Muscle —_; depriment muscle. =abait=, _n.m._, bait. _V._ =appât=. =abaiter=, _v.a._, to bait. _V._ =appâter=. =abajoue=, _n.f._, (mam.) cheek-pouch; gill, gills. =abalourdir=, _v.a._, (fam.) to make dull and stupid. =abandon=, _n.m._, forsaking, relinquishment, surrender; leaving things at random; abandonment, the being forsaken, forlornness, destitution, ease, unconstraint. _Avoir un — séduisant_; to have seductive manners. _Se livrer avec — à_; to indulge in. _à l’_=abandon=, _adv._, at random, in confusion, at sixes and sevens. _Laisser ses enfants à l’—_; to neglect one’s children. _Un champ qui est à l’—_; a field left to run wild. =abandonnataire=, _n.m.f._, (jur.) relessee. =abandonné=, =-e=, _part._, abandoned, forsaken, given over. _Un malade abandonné_; a patient given up. =abandonné=, =-e=, _adj._, abandoned, lost to decency, shameless, graceless, profligate. =abandonné=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, profligate, rake; lewd, wicked, abandoned person. =abandonnement= (-do-n-mān), _n.m._, abandonment, abandoning, forsaking; desertion, the being forsaken; the giving up one’s effects; leaving, quitting; dissoluteness, debauchery. =abandonner=, _v.a._, to abandon, to quit, to leave, to desert, to forsake; to give up, to give over; to leave one at the disposal of; to deliver up; to let loose, let go. _Il abandonna le pays_; he left the country. _— une cause_; to give up a cause. _— ses prétensions_; to give up one’s claims. _Mes forces m’abandonnent_; my strength is failing me. _— une corde_; to let go a rope. _— la partie_; to give up the struggle. _s’_=abandonner=, _v.r._, to give one’s self up, to addict one’s self, to give way to; to indulge in; to commit one’s self to; to prostitute one’s self; to be easy in one’s manners, to throw off all restraint. _S’— à la colère_, _au plaisir_, _au hasard_; to give way to anger, to indulge in pleasure, to trust to fortune. ☉=abannation= (-ba-na-), _n.f._, (jur.) abannition. ☉=abaptiste= (-ba-tist), _adj._, (surg.) abaptiston. =abaque=, _n.m._, (arch. antiq.) abacus, plinth, the uppermost part of the capital of a column. =abarticulation=, _n.f._, (anat.) abarticulation, diarthrosis. =abas=, _n.m._, shower (bath), blight (in wheat). _V._ =teigne=. =abasourdir=, _v.a._, (fam.) to stun, to dumfound, to astound; to stupefy. =abâtardir=, _v.a._, to render degenerate; to debase, to corrupt, to spoil, to mar, to adulterate. _La servitude abâtardit le courage_; slavery debases courage. _Un homme abâtardi_; a degenerate man. _s’_=abâtardir=, _v.r._, to degenerate, to grow worse. =abâtardissement= (-mān), _n.m._, degeneracy. =abat-chauvée=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) flock-wool. =abat-faim= (-fin), _n.m._, (_—_) large joint, substantial dish. =abat-foin=, _n.m._, (_—_) opening above the rack to put the hay through; loft-trap. =abat-jour=, _n.m._, (_—_) (arch.) sky-light, trunk-light; shade for a lamp; window-blind; (bot.) opening. =abattage=, _n.m._, cutting down, felling, clearance (of a forest); (nav.) heaving down; careening; slaughtering (of animals). ☉=abattant=, _n.m._, shutter; flap (of a counter); lid. =abattée=, _n.f._, (nav.) casting; falling off to leeward. _Faire son —_; to cast; to fall off. =abattement= (-mān), _n.m._, faintness, low state, weakness, prostration; dejection, despondency, low spirits; (her.) abatement. _Tomber dans l’—_; to become low-spirited. _Jeter dans l’—_; to deject. _Qui jette dans l’—_; depressive. =abatteur=, _n.m._, feller, knocker-off, slaughterer. _C’est un grand — de bois_; he is a great braggart. =abattis=, _n.m._, houses, walls, trees, thrown down; the killing of game; giblets (of poultry); garbage; stones hewn down in a quarry; raw hides; slaughter, destruction. _Abattis en ragoût_; stewed giblets. =abattoir=, _n.m._, slaughter-house. =abattre=, _v.a._, to throw down, to hurl down; to pull down; to beat, to batter down; to bring down; to fell, to cut down, to hew down, to cut off; to knock down; to blow down; to lay (the dust); to let down; to soak (skins); to couch (the cataract); to waste (strength); to dispirit; to dishearten; to unman; to cast down, to depress; to humble. _Le vent abattra le blé_; the wind will throw the corn down. _— un rideau_; to let a curtain down. _— les cuirs_; to skin dead animals. _— le pantalon_; to remove the trousers. _— les peaux_; to soak the skins. _— un vaisseau pour le caréner_; to careen a ship. _Un vaisseau dur à —_; a ship hard to swing round. _— un mât_ (nav.); to carry away a mast. _La moindre chose l’abat_; the least thing unmans him. _Elle a l’air bien abattu_; she looks very dejected. _— l’orgueil de quelqu’un_; to humble any one’s pride. =abattre=, _v.n._, to lay down one’s cards (at play); (nav.) to fall off to leeward, to cast. _Le vaisseau s’abat_; the ship is driving to leeward. _s’_=abattre=, _v.r._, to fall, to tumble down; to stoop; to abate; to be cast down, dejected; to break down (of horses); to burst (of a storm); to despond; to pounce upon. _Le vent s’abat_; the wind is falling. _La chaleur s’abat_; the heat is abating. _Un orage terrible va s’abattre sur nous_; a dreadful storm is about to burst upon us. =abattu=, =-e=, _adj._, pulled, broken, cast down; depressed, dejected; humbled, crest-fallen. _Je me sens tout —_; I am quite out of spirits. _Un visage —_; a woe-begone countenance. =abattures=, _n.f.pl._, (hunt.) abature; foiling (of a stag). =abat-vent=, _n.m._, penthouse (of a steeple); pentice, wind-screen, louvre window. =abat-voix=, _n.m._, sounding-board (of a pulpit). =abbatial= (-cial), =-e=, _adj._, abbatial, abbatical. =abbaye= (abéi), _n.f._, monastery, abbey. _Administration d’une —_; abbacy. =abbé=, _n.m._, abbé, abbot, priest. _Monsieur l’abbé_, your Reverence. =abbesse=, _n.f._, abbess. _Dignité_, _fonctions_, _d’abbé_, _d’abbesse_; abbotship. =abc=, _n.m._, a, b, c, alphabet, primer; a, b, c, book; elements, rudiments, spelling-book. _Apprendre son —_; to learn one’s letters. _Être à l’— de_; to be at the a, b, c, of. _Renvoyer quelqu’un à l’—_; to make a person begin all over again. =abcéder=, _v.n._, to form into an abscess, to apostemate, to gather, to come to a head. =abcès=, _n.m._, abscess, apostem, gathering. _Former_, _vider_, _un —_; to form, to take the matter out of, an abscess. _— aux gencives_; gumboil. =abcisse=, _n.f._ _V._ =abscisse=. =abdication=, _n.f._, abdication; (jur.) disinheritance of a son during his father’s life-time; renunciation of (property). _Faire —_; to abdicate. =abdiquer=, _v.a._, to abdicate, to resign, to forswear. =abdomen= (-mè-n), _n.m._, abdomen. =abdominal=, =-e=, _adj._, abdominal. =abducteur=, _adj._, (anat.) abducent. =abducteur=, _n.m._, abductor. =abduction=, _n.f._, (anat. and log.) abduction. _s’_=abéausir=, _v.n._, (nav.) to become fine (of weather at sea). =abécédaire=, _adj._, of the a, b, c. _Ouvrage —_; child’s first-book. =abécédaire=, _n.m._, alphabet, primer, spelling-book. =abecquer=, _v.a._, to feed a bird. =abée=, _n.f._, mill-dam. *=abeille=, _n.f._, bee. _— bourdon_; bumble-bee. _— domestique_; hive bee. _— mère_; queen bee. _— ouvrière_; working bee. _Ruche d’—s_; bee-hive. _Eleveur d’—_; bee-master. _Essaim d’—s_; swarm of bees. =abeillé=, =-e=, _adj. & part._, covered, ornamented with bees. =abéquer=. _V._ =abecquer=. =aberration=, _n.f._, aberration; (sciences) alienation. _— de réfrangibilité_; Newtonian aberration. _Cercle d’—_; crown of aberration. =abêtir=, _v.a._, to stupefy; to stultify. _V._ =hébéter=. =abêter=, _v.n._, _s’_=abêtir=, _v.r._, to grow stupid. =ab hoc et ab hac=, _adv._, at random; confusedly. =abhorrer=, _v.a._, to abhor, detest, loathe. _s’_=abhorrer=, _v.r._, to abominate, loathe one another. =abîme=, _n.m._, unfathomable depth, abyss, hell; a thing most abstruse _or_ obscure; dipping-mold (for candles); (her.) the middle of the shield; fesse-point, heart point. =abîmé=, =-e=, _part._, swallowed up, ingulfed, destroyed, spoiled. _— de dettes_; over head and ears in debt. =abîmer=, _v.a._, to overthrow, to ingulf, to swallow up; to destroy entirely, to cut up, to crush; to spoil, to injure. =abîmer=, _v.n._, to be destroyed, to be swallowed up, to sink; to perish, to be crushed. _s’_=abîmer=, _v.r._, to fall into an abyss, to sink; to ruin, to undo one’s self; to be spoiled. =ab intestat=, _adv._, abintestate. _Succession —_; intestate’s estate; intestacy. =ab irato=, _adv._, in an angry fit. _Parler_, _agir_, _—_; to speak, to act, under the influence of anger. =abject=, =-e= (-jékt), _adj._, abject, base, mean, low, vile, despicable. =abjectement=, _adv._, abjectly. =abjection=, _n.f._, abjection, baseness; humiliation; vileness, meanness. =abjuration=, _n.f._, solemn renunciation, abjuration. =abjuratoire=, _adj._, abjuratory. _— acte_; act of abjuration. =abjurer=, _v.a._, to abjure, to deny, to forswear, to renounce. _— une opinion_; to abandon an opinion. =ablactation=, _n.f._, (med.) ablactation, weaning. =ablais=, _n.m._, (jurisp.) corn, either standing or cut down, but not carried or carted away. =ablaquéation=, _n.f._, (gard.) ablaqueation. =ablatif=, _n.m._, (gram.) ablative. =ablation=, _n.f._, (surg.) ablation. =ablativo=, (triv.) _adv._, in confusion; higgledy-piggledy. =able=, _n.m._, _or_ =ablette=, _n.f._, (fish) ablet, bleak. =ablégat=, _n.m._, ablegate. ☉=ablégation=, _n.m._, ablegation. =ablepsie=, _n.f._, (med.) ablepsy. =ablier=, _n.m._, (fish.) purse-net; hoop-net. ☉=abluant=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) abluent, cleansing. ☉=abluer=, _v.a._, to revive old writing, to wash with gall-nut. =ablution=, _n.f._, ablution, washing, purification. _Faire ses —s_; to perform one’s ablutions. =abnégation=, _n.f._, abnegation, renunciation, sacrifice. _— de soi-même_; self-denial. _Faire — de_; to renounce, set aside. =aboi=, _n.m._, barking, baying. =aboiement= _or_ =aboîment= (-boa-mān), _n.m._, barking, baying. =abois=, _n.m.pl._, despairing condition, last shift, distress. _Aux —_; at bay, hard up, at one’s wits’ end. _Mettre aux —_; to drive to extremities. _La place est aux —_; the place, citadel, can hold out no longer, is in desperate straits. =abolir=, _v.a._, to abolish, to repeal, to annul. _— un impôt_; to take off a tax. _s’_=abolir=, _v.r._, to fall into disuse, to become obsolete. =abolissable=, _adj._, abolishable. =abolissement= (-mān), _n.m._, abolishment. =abolition=, _n.f._, abolition; royal pardon; repeal. =abolitionniste=, _n.m._, abolitionist. =abominable=, _adj._, abominable, execrable. =abominablement=, _adv._, abominably. =abomination=, _n.f._, abomination, detestation. _Avoir en —_; to abominate, to hold in detestation. _Être en —_; to be detested. =abondamment= (-da-mān), _adv._, abundantly. =abondance=, _n.f._, abundance, plenty, copiousness, plentifulness; multitude, affluence; richness, fullness (of language); weak wine-and-water (in schools). _Corne d’—_; horn of plenty, cornucopia. _— de biens_; opulence. _Vivre_, _être_, _dans l’—_; to live in plenty. _Parler avec —_; to speak fluently. _Ecrire_, _parler_, _d’—_; to write, to speak, extempore, offhand. _— de biens ne nuit pas_; store is no sore. =abondant=, =-e=, _adj._, abounding, plentiful, copious; fruitful, exuberant, teeming, voluble, diffusive. _Une langue —e_; a copious language. =abonder=, _v.n._, to abound in _or_ with, to be full of; to overflow. _Il abonde dans votre sens_; he supports your opinion; he has come round to; he concurs in. _— dans son sens_; to be wedded to one’s own opinion. =abonné=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, subscriber (to periodicals, theatres, &c.). =abonnement= (-mān), _n.m._, subscription (to periodicals, theatres, &c.); agreement. _Les —s sont suspendus pour ce soir_ (of places of amusement); season-tickets not available this evening. =abonner=, _v.a._, to subscribe for. _s’_=abonner=, _v.r._, to subscribe; to compound for. _On s’abonne à_; subscriptions are received at. ☉=abonnir=, _v.a._, to better, to mend, to improve. ☉=abonnir=, _v.n._, _s’_=abonnir=, _v.r._, to mend, to grow better. ☉=abonnissement= (-nis-mān), _n.m._, (fam.), improvement, amelioration. =abord=, _n.m._, landing; arrival; access; admittance, approach; attack, onset. _Avoir l’— facile_; to be easy of access. _De prime —_; at first sight. =à bord=, _adv._, aboard, on board. _d’_=abord=, _adv._, first, at first, at first sight. _Tout d’abord_, _au premier abord_, _dès l’abord_; at first, from the very first. _Dès l’abord, j’ai senti que je devais ..._ I felt, from the very first, that I ought ... _or_ was to ... =abordable=, _adj._, accessible, accostable, of easy access; approachable. =abordage=, _n.m._, (nav.) landing; boarding; fouling. _Aller_ or _sauter à l’—_; to board a ship, grapple. =aborder=, _v.n._, to arrive at; to land. =aborder=, _v.a._, to come near, to come to, to come up with; to board, to run foul of (a ship); to accost; to broach, handle (a subject). _— un vaisseau ennemi_; to board an enemy’s ship. _— par accident_; to run foul of. _Il m’a abordé dans la rue_; he accosted me in the street. _s’_=aborder=, _v.r._, to run foul of each other; to come up with one another. =abordeur=, _n.m._, boarding vessel. =aborigène=, _adj._, first, original, aboriginal. =aborigènes=, _n.m._, _pl._, aborigines. =abornement=, _n.m._ _V._ =délimitation=. =aborner=, _v.a._ _V._ =délimiter=. =aborti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, abortive. =abot=, _n.m._, clog (for horses’ fore feet). =abouchement= (-boosh-mān), _n.m._, interview, conference, parley; (anat.) anastomosis, inosculation. =aboucher=, _v.a._, to bring together, to confer. _s’_=aboucher=, _v.r._, to have an interview; to confer with; to place one’s self in communication with; (anat.) to inosculate. =about=, _n.m._, (carp.) end, butt-end. =abouté=, =-e=, _adj._, placed end to end. =aboutement= (-boot-mān), _n.m._, (carp.) but, abutment. =abouter=, _v.a._, to join end to end. =aboutir=, _v.n._, to join; to border upon; to meet; (surg.) to burst; to come to; to tend to; to end in. _N’— à rien_; to come to nothing; to end in smoke. _Ce champ aboutit à un marais_; this field borders upon a fen. _Faire — un abcès_; to bring an abscess to a head. _S’aboutir_ (gard.); to bud, be covered with buds. =aboutissant=, =-e=, _adj._, bordering upon. =aboutissants= (rarely used without the word _tenants_), _n.m._, _pl._, boundaries of an estate; abuttals, particulars; connections. _Je n’aime pas les tenants et — de cet homme_; I do not like the set by which that man is surrounded. _Savoir les tenants et — d’une affaire_; to know all about a thing. =aboutissement= (-mān), _n.m._, eking piece (tailoring); (surg.) the drawing to a head. =ab ovo=, _adv._, from the very beginning. =aboyant=, =-e=, _adj._, barking. =aboyer=, _v.n._, to bark, to bay, to yelp; to dun. _Il aboie après tout le monde_; he snarls at everybody. _— après quelque chose_; to long for a thing, covet a thing. _— à la lune_; to bark when one cannot bite; to complain in vain. =aboyeur=, _n.m._, barker; snarler; dun; touter; link-man (at the door of a theatre): (orni.) greenshank. _Ce journaliste n’est qu’un —_; this journalist is nothing but a snarling critic. =abrac=, _n.m._, abraxas. =abracadabra=, _n.m._, abracadabra (magical word). =abraquer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to haul taut. =abrasion=, _n.m._, (med.) abrasion, excoriation. =abraxas=, _n.m._, abracadabra. =abrégé=, =-e=, _adj._, short, summary. =abrégé=, _n.m._, abridgment, compendium, epitome, abstract, summary. _En —_; in a few words, briefly. _Réduire en —_; to epitomize. =abréger=, _v.a._, to abridge, to shorten, to epitomize; to abbreviate, to cut down, to cut short. _Pour —_; to be brief. _s’_=abréger=, _v.r._, to become short, or shorter. =abreuvage=, =abreuvement=, _n.m._, watering, soaking, steaming, priming. =abreuver=, _v.a._, to water, to give drink to; to make drink; to soak, to drench; to fill; (paint.) to prepare, to prime; to soak (wood). _s’_=abreuver= =de=, _v.r._, (of animals) to go to water; to drink plentifully; to be steeped in. _S’— de larmes_; to shed copious tears. _S’— de douleurs_; to be filled with grief; to drain to the dregs the cup of sorrow. _Un cœur abreuvé de fiel_; a heart steeped in gall. =abreuvoir=, _n.m._, watering-place, horse-pond; (mas.) abreuvoir. _— à mouches_ (burlesque style); a large wound or gash on the head or face. =abréviateur=, _n.m._, abbreviator, abridger. =abréviati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, abbreviatory, abridging, abbreviating. =abréviation=, _n.f._, abbreviation, contraction. =abri=, _n.m._, shelter, cover. _Être sous l’— d’un bois_; to be sheltered by a wood. _Sans —_; homeless. _Donner un — à_; to shelter. _À l’—_; sheltered, under cover. _Être à l’—_; to be under shelter. _Être à l’— du vent_; to be sheltered from the wind. _À l’— de la persécution_; safe from persecution. _Mettre à l’—_; to shelter, screen. =abricot=, _n.m._, apricot. =abricoté=, _n.m._, candied apricot. =abricotier=, _n.m._, apricot-tree. =abrier=, _v.a._, (nav.) to becalm; to belee. =abriter=, _v.a._, to shelter, to shield, to screen, to shade, to protect; (nav.) to becalm, belee. =abrité=, =-e=, _adj._, (gard.) sheltered. _s’_=abriter=, _v.r._, to shelter one’s self; to take shelter; to assist. _Abritez-vous mutuellement_; mutually assist each other. =abrivent=, _n.m._, (gard.) matting, screen; shelter; sentry-box; hut. =abrogation=, _n.f._, abrogation, repeal; annulment. =abroger=, _v.a._, to abrogate, to repeal, to annul. _s’_=abroger=, _v.r._, to fall into disuse, to grow obsolete. =abrome=, _n.m._, (bot.) abroma. =abrouti=, =-e=, _adj._, nipped, browsed. =abroutissement= (-mān), _n.m._, damage done to trees by cattle browsing. =abrupt=, =-e=, _adj._, rugged, craggy; (bot.) abrupt. =abruption=, _n.f._, abruption; (surg.) rupture, fracture. _ex_ =abrupto=, _adv._, _adj._, suddenly, bluntly, off-hand, on the spur of the moment; abrupt, impetuous. =abrutir=, _v.a._, to stupefy, to besot, to brutalize. _s’_=abrutir=, _v.r._, to become stupid, to be besotted, to get brutalized. =abrutissant=, =-e=, _adj._, brutalizing, stupefying. =abrutissement= (-mān), _n.m._, brutishness, stupor, sottishness. =abrutisseur=, _n.m._, brutalizer; _adj._, stupefying, brutalizing. =abscisse=, _n.f._, (geom.) abscissa. =absence=, _n.f._, absence, inadvertence, want of. _— d’esprit_; absence of mind. _Avoir des —s d’esprit_; to have fits of absence. _Remarquer l’— de_; to miss. =absent=, =-e=, _adj._, absent, out of the way, missing, wanting; (of the mind) wandering. =absent=, _n.m._, one absent, absentee. _Les —s ont toujours tort_; the absent are always in the wrong. _s’_=absenter=, _v.r._, to absent one’s self; to keep out of the way. =absentéisme=, _n.m._, absenteeism. =abside=, _n.f._, (arch. and rel.) apse. =absinthe=, _n.f._, absinthe, wormwood; bitters. =absolu=, _n.m._, absolute, existing independent of any other cause. =absolu=, =-e=, _adj._, absolute; arbitrary, despotical, unlimited; peremptory; magisterial; positive, unconditional; full, strict. =absolument=, _adv._, absolutely, arbitrarily, peremptorily; positively, indispensably, fully. _Il refusa —_; he gave a flat denial. =absolution=, _n.f._, absolution; acquittal; discharge. _Sans avoir reçu l’—_; unabsolved. =absolutisme=, _n.m._, absolutism. =absolutiste=, _n.m.f._, partisan of absolute power. =absolutoire=, _adj._, absolutory. =absorbable=, _adj._, absorbable. =absorbant=, =-e=, _adj._, absorptive, absorbent. =absorbent=, _n.m._, absorbent. =absorbé=, =-e=, _part._, absorbed, engrossed, rapt in. _Il est — dans l’étude_; he is absorbed in study. =absorbement=, _n.m._, absorption (of mind). =absorber=, _v.a._, to absorb, to swallow up; to drink in, to consume, to waste; to engross, to occupy entirely; to take up. _s’_=absorber=, _v.r._, to be absorbed, or swallowed up. =absorption=, _n.f._, absorption. =absoudre= (absolvant, absous), _v.a._, to absolve, to acquit, to bring in not guilty, to clear; to give absolution. =absou-s=, =-te=, _part._, acquitted, absolved, discharged. =absoute=, _n.f._, (c.rel.) general absolution. =abstème=, _adj._, abstemious. =abstème=, _n.m.f._, abstainer. =abstenant=, =-e=, _n.m.f._, abstainer, total abstainer, teetotaler. _s’_=abstenir=, _v.r._, to abstain, to refrain, to forbear, to forego. _S’— de vin_; to abstain from wine. =abstention=, _n.f._, abstention, abstinency; withdrawal of a judge from a trial. =abstergent=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) cleansing; abstersive; abstergent. =abstergent=, _n.m._, (med.) abstergent, detergent. =absterger=, _v.a._, to absterge; to cleanse. =abstersi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) abstersive, cleansing. =abstersion=, _n.f._, (surg.) abstersion. =abstinence=, _n.f._, abstinence, temperance, sobriety, fasting. =abstinent=, =-e=, _adj._, abstemious, sober. =abstracti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, abstractive. =abstraction=, _n.f._, absence of mind, abstraction. _Avoir des —s_; to have fits of absence. _Par —_; abstractedly. _— faite de_; setting aside; exclusive of. =abstractivement= (-mān), _adv._, abstractly, separately. =abstraire= (abstrayant, abstrait), _v.a._, to draw from, to separate, to abstract. =abstrait=, =-e=, _adj._, abstract; abstruse; inattentive, absent-minded. =abstraitement= (-trèt-mān), _adv._, abstractedly, separately. =abstrus=, =-e=, _adj._, abstruse, intricate, difficult; dark, obscure, recondite. =absurde=, _adj._, absurd, nonsensical, foolish, irrational, preposterous. _Réduire une opinion à l’—_; to show the absurdity of an opinion. _Tomber dans l’—_; to fall into the absurd. =absurdement=, _adv._, absurdly, nonsensically. =absurdité=, _n.f._, absurdity, nonsense, preposterousness, foolishness. =abus=, _n.m._, abuse, misuse, breach (of a thing); grievance; error. _Réformer_, _corriger_, _les —_; to redress grievances, nuisances. _Appel comme d’—_ (leg.); appeal by writ of error. =abuser=, _v.n._, to abuse, to impose on, to misuse, to use ill, to make a bad use of, to misemploy. _Vous abusez de ma patience_; you take advantage of my patience. =abuser=, _v.a._, to cheat, to deceive, to delude, to gull. _s’_=abuser=, _v.r._, to mistake, to be mistaken, to deceive one’s self. =abuseur=, _n.m._, (l.u.), cheat, deceiver, impostor. =abusi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, abusive, improper, against rules, custom. =abusivement= (-mān), _adv._, abusively, improperly. =abuter=, _v.a._, to throw for first go, aim. _v.n._, (shipbuilding) to abut. =abyme=, _n.m._ _V._ =abîme=. =acabit=, _n.m._, quality (of fruits, vegetables); quality, stamp, kidney (of persons). _Cet homme est d’un bon —_; he is a good sort of fellow. _Ce sont des gens du même —_; they are all tarred with the same brush. =acacia=, _n.m._, acacia; gum-tree. =académicien= (-si-in), _n.m._, academician. =académie=, _n.f._, academy, society of learned men; academy (division of the University of France); academy (Plato’s); university; ☉riding-school; pupils, school. _Tenir —_; to keep a gaming-house; (paint.) academy figure. =académique=, _adj._, belonging to an academy, academical. =académiquement= (-mik-mān), _adv._, academically. ☉=académiser=, _v.n._, to paint from a model. =académiste=, _n.m._, academist, pupil. *=acagnarder=, _v.a._, (fam.) to accustom to sloth; to make idle. _s’_=acagnarder=, _v.r._, to grow slothful, to lead an idle life; to become besotted. =acajou=, _n.m._, mahogany. _Noix d’—_; cashew nut. _Pomme d’—_; cashew apple. =acanthe=, _n.f._, acanthus, bear’s foot. =acare= _or_ =acarus=, _n.m._, acarus, itch, animalcule, mite. =acariâtre=, _adj._, crabbed, cross-grained, waspish, shrewish. =acariâtreté=, _n.f._, peevishness, crabbedness. =acariens=, _n.m.pl._, (ent.) acaridae. =acatalecte=, =acatalectique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, acatalectic. =acatalepsie=, _n.f._, (med.) acatalepsy. =acataleptique=, _adj._, acataleptic. =acaule=, _adj._, (bot.) acaulous, acaulose. =accablant=, =-e=, _adj._, grievous, oppressive, insufferable, overwhelming; annoying, crushing, sweltering. =accablé=, =-e=, _adj._, dejected, depressed. _Être —_; to be extremely low-spirited. =accablement=, _n.m._, heaviness, languor, grief, dejection of spirits, oppression, discouragement. _Être dans l’—_; to be in the greatest dejection. =accabler=, _v.a._, to crush, to bear down, to overwhelm; to throw, to weigh, to press down; to overload; to overpower; to afflict; to deject, to depress, to overwhelm; to load with, to heap on. =accalmie=, _n.f._, (nav.) lull. =accaparement= (-mān), _n.m._, monopoly, engrossment, forestalling, buying up. =accaparer=, _v.a._, to engross, to monopolize, to forestall; to swallow up, to buy up. =accapareu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, monopolist, engrosser, forestaller, monopolizer. *=accastillage=, _n.m._, the space occupied by the forecastle and quarter-deck; upper-work. *=accastiller=, _v.a._, to provide a ship with a fore and a hind-castle. *=accastillé=, =-e=, _adj._, (of a ship) having a fore and a hind-castle. _Haut —_; with high upper works. =accéder=, _v.n._, to accede, to comply with, to agree to, consent. =accélérat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, accelerative. =accélération=, _n.f._, acceleration, haste, dispatch. =accéléré=, =-e=, _adj._, accelerated, quickened. _Au pas —_; in double quick time. _Pas —_; quick march. =accélérer=, _v.a._, to accelerate, to quicken; to despatch, to forward, to hasten. ☉=accenser= _or_ =acenser=, _v.a._, to lease, to let, to rent, to annex, to join, to unite. =accent=, _n.m._, stress of the voice, accent, note; pronunciation, emphasis, expression. _— aigu_, _circonflexe_, _grave_; acute, circumflex, grave, accent. _— nasillard_; twang. _— très-fortement prononcé_; broad accent. _Sans —_; unaccented. _Prêtez l’oreille à mes —s_; hearken to my strain. =accenteur=, _n.m._, (ornith.) accentor. =accentuation=, _n.f._, accentuation. =accentué=, =-e=, _adj._, accented, accentuated. =accentuer=, _v.a._, to accent, to accentuate, to lay stress on. =acceptable=, _adj._, acceptable, worth accepting. =acceptant=, _n.m._, (jur.) accepter. =acceptation=, _n.f._, acceptance. =accepter=, _v.a._, to accept, to receive, to admit; to resign one’s self to. _Qui vaut la peine d’être accepté_; worth accepting. =accepteur=, _n.m._, (com.) acceptor. ☉=acceptilation=, _n.f._, acceptilation. =acception=, _n.f._, respect, regard; (of words) sense, meaning, acceptation. _— de personnes_; respect of persons. =accès=, _n.m._, access, approach, admittance, attack, fit (of fever), paroxysm, madness. _Par —_; by fits and starts. =accessibilité=, _n.f._, accessibility. =accessible=, _adj._, accessible, approachable, easy to come at. =accession=, _n.f._, access, entry; accession; adhesion. =accessit= (-sit), _n.m._, the second best, the first after the prizeman (in academies, schools). _Proxime —_; honorable mention. =accessoire=, _adj._, accessory, additional. =accessoire=, _n.m._, accessory, minor; (paint.) accessory; (thea.) property. _Fournisseur d’—s_ or _chef d’—_; property-man. =accessoirement=, _adv._, accessorily. =accident=, _n.m._, accident, incident, casualty; (paint.) accident; (med.) symptom, complication; (mus.) incidental; irregularity, undulation (in ground). _Par —_; accidentally. =accidenté=, =-e=, _adj._, rough, uneven, unequal, broken, hilly (of ground); picturesque. =accidentel=, =-le=, _adj._, accidental, adventitious, incidental; fortuitous, eventual, casual. =accidentellement= (-mān), _adv._, accidentally, casually, by chance. =accipitres=, _n.m.pl._, accipiters. =accipitrin=, =-e=, _adj._, accipitrine. =accise=, _n.f._, inland duty, excise. _Préposé a l’—_; exciseman. =acclamation=, _n.f._, acclamation, shout, cheering, huzza, applause. _Saluer par des —s_; to cheer. =acclamer=, _v.a._, to acclaim, to applaud, to hail, to welcome. =acclamper=, _v.a._, (nav.) to clamp. =acclimatable=, _adj._, acclimatizable. =acclimatation=, =acclimatement=, _n.f._, acclimatization. =acclimater=, _v.a._, to acclimatize, to accustom to a climate. _s’_=acclimater=, _v.r._, to become acclimatized. =accointance=, _n.f._, (fam. and b.s.) acquaintance, commerce, intimacy, connection. _s’_=accointer=, _v.r._, to become or get intimately acquainted with any one. =accoisement=, _n.m._, appeasement. =accoiser=, _v.a._, to appease, calm, quiet. _S’—_, _v.r._, to become appeased; to end. =accolade=, _n.f._, embrace, hug; accolade; (cook. —, mus. — print.) brace; a crooked line. _— brisée_; (print.) half-brace. _Une — de lapereaux_; a brace of rabbits. _Donner l’— à_; to embrace, to dub a knight. _Recevoir l’—_; to be made a knight. =accolader=, _v.a._, to bracket. =accolage=, _n.m._, tying up; nailing up. =accolé=, =-e=, _part._, (her.) joined together. =accolement=, _n.m._, joining, uniting; union. =accoler=, _v.a._, to hug, to embrace; to place side by side; to couple; (hort.) to prop, to tie up. =accolure=, _n.f._, (agri.) a band of straw, osier. =accommodable=, _adj._, that may be arranged; accommodable. =accommodage=, _n.m._, the dressing of meat, cooking; hair-dressing. =accommodant=, =-e=, _adj._, accommodating, complying, courteous. =accommodé=, =-e=, _part._, favored, fitted up, adjusted; (cook.) dressed; well off, well to do. =accommodement= (-mān), _n.m._, accommodation, agreement, arrangement, composition; settlement; reconciliation; way, medium. _Un homme d’—_; a man easy to deal with. _En venir à un —_; to come to terms. =accommoder=, _v.a._, to adapt, to accommodate, to fit, to make up; to mend, to improve; to reconcile, to conciliate; to adjust; to be convenient; to dress, to trim; to cook; to treat, to serve out; to thrash; to let have, to sell. _Ceci vous accommodera-t-il?_ will this suit you? _s’_=accommoder=, _v.r._, to agree, to come to terms; to accommodate one’s self; to suit; to make free with; to be pleased with, to put up with. _— à tout_; to put up with anything. _— de tout_; to be pleased with everything. *=accompagnat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, (mus.) accompanist. *=accompagnement= (-mān), _n.m._, accompanying; attendance, retinue; accompaniment; accessory, appendix. _— de quatuor_; accompaniment for stringed instruments. _— d’harmonie_; accompaniment for wind instruments. _— à grand orchestre_; full accompaniment. *=accompagner=, _v.a._, to accompany, to escort, to wait on, to attend; to be of the retinue, to follow; to match, to suit with; to add, to back; to be the accompanist. _J’ai eu l’honneur de l’— chez elle_; I had the honor of seeing her home. _s’_=accompagner=, _v.r._, to be accompanied; to accompany one’s self (on an instrument). =accompli=, =-e=, _adj._, accomplished, performed, fulfilled; complete; faultless, perfect. _Une beauté —_; a perfect beauty. =accomplir=, _v.a._, to accomplish, to effect; to finish, to complete; to fulfill, to make good. _— sa promesse_; to carry out one’s promise. _s’_=accomplir=, _v.r._, to be accomplished, to be performed, to be past. =accomplissement= (-mān), _n.m._, accomplishment, fulfillment; completion, execution, observance. =accon=, _n.m._, small lighter, punt. =accoquiner=. _V._ =acoquiner=. =accorage=, _n.m._, propping. =accord=, _n.m._, agreement, bargain, contract, convention, settlement, stipulation; consent, concurrence; good understanding, unity; (mus.) accord, chord; (paint.) harmony, accord. _Être d’—_; _demeurer d’—_; _tomber d’—_; to agree, to be agreed. _Mettre d’—_; to reconcile. _D’—_; granted, done. _D’un commun —_; by common consent. _Être d’—_; (mus.) to be in tune. _Tenir d’—_; to keep in tune. =accordable=, _adj._, grantable, that may be granted; (mus.) tunable; (of men) reconcilable. *=accordailles=, _n.f.pl._, (pop.) the ceremony of signing the articles of marriage, espousals. =accordant=, =-e=, _adj._, (mus.) accordant, tunable, harmonious, concordant. =accorde!= _int._ (nav.) now! (order given to rowers to pull together). =accordé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, bridegroom, bride (after the marriage articles are signed); one who is betrothed, granted. =accordéon=, _n.m._, accordion. =accorder=, _v.a._, to grant, to allow, to accord, to give, to allot, to bestow, to concede; to admit, to give up; to make friends, to reconcile; (gram.) to make agree; (mus.) to tune, to string. _— mal_; to mistune. _Accordez vos flûtes_; agree upon it between you. _s’_=accorder=, _v.r._, to agree, to suit, to be suited, to accord, to correspond; to square; to join, to concur. _S’— du prix_; to agree upon the price. _Il ne s’accorde pas avec lui-même_; he is inconsistent with himself. =accordeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, tuner (of instruments). _Clef d’—_; tuning-hammer. =accordoir=, _n.m._, tuning-hammer. =accore=, _n.f._, (nav.) shore, prop, stanchion. =accore=, _adj._, bluff, steep. =accorer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to shore up, to prop, to stay, to wedge. =accorné=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) horned. =accort=, =-e=, _adj._, flexible, complying, courteous, affable. =accortise=, _n.f._, complaisance, affability, courtesy. =accostable=, _adj._, (l.u.) accostable, easy of access. _Il n’est pas —_; he is not approachable. =accoste=, _n.m._, (nav.) order to bring alongside. =accoster=, _v.a._, to accost, to make up to, to come or go up to one, to join, to couple; (nav.) to come alongside. _s’_=accoster= =de=, _v.r._, to keep company with, to make acquaintance with, to frequent. =accotar=, _n.m._ _V._ =accotoir=. =accotement=, _n.m._, (engineering) driftway; (rail.) bank, outer way. =accoter=, _v.a._, to prop up, to support, to bear up, to lean; (hort.) to dung, to match, to screen. _s’_=accoter=, _v.r._, to lean on anything, to support one’s self. =accotoir=, _n.m._, prop, leaning-stock, stanchion; (nav.) stay, shore. =accouchée=, _n.f._, a woman in child-bed, lying-in woman. =accouchement= (-koosh-mān), _n.m._, child-bed; delivery, confinement, accouchement; obstetrics; midwifery. _Hôpital des —s_; lying-in hospital. _Faire un —_; to deliver a woman. =accoucher=, _v.n._, to lie in, to be brought to bed, to be delivered. _— avant terme_; to miscarry. _Accouchez donc!_ (fam.) come, out with it! =accoucher=, _v.a._, to deliver a woman. =accoucheur=, _n.m._, man-midwife, accoucheur. =accoucheuse=, _n.f._, a midwife. _s’_=accouder=, _v.r._, to lean on one’s elbow. =accoudoir=, _n.m._, anything to lean the elbow upon, elbow-rest, sill, rail. =accouer=, _v.a._, to tie the halter of the first horse to the tail of the second, and so on; to wound a stag in the shoulder, to ham-string him. =accoulins=, _n.m.pl._, alluvion; clay for making bricks. =accouple=, _n.f._, leash, brace, couple. =accouplement=, _n.m._, coupling, pairing, joining or yoking together; copulation. =accoupler=, _v.a._, to couple; to tack or join together; to yoke; to match, to pair. _— des bœufs_; to yoke oxen. _s’_=accoupler=, _v.r._, to couple, to copulate; to pair. =accourcie=, _n.f._, short cut; a passage formed in a ship’s hold, to go fore and aft. =accourcir=, _v.a._, to shorten, to make shorter, to abridge. _s’_=accourcir=, _v.r._, to shorten, to grow shorter, to decrease. =accourcissement= (-mān), _n.m._, shortening, diminution. =accourir=, _v.n._, to run to, to hasten, to flock together, to run at, to rush at. =accoutré=, =-e=, _part._, accoutred, dressed. =accoutrement=, _n.m._, (jest. or iron.) garb, dress, gear. =accoutrer=, _v.a._, (jest. or iron.) to dress out, rig out. _s’_=accoutrer=, _v.r._, to dress one’s self out in, to rig one’s self out. ☉=accoutumance=, _n.f._, habit, custom. =accoutumé=, =-e=, _adj._, accustomed, habitual, used to. _À l’—e_; as usual, customarily. =accoutumer=, _v.a._, to accustom, to use, to habituate; to inure. =accoutumer=, _v.n._, to use, to be wont. _s’_=accoutumer=, _v.r._, to accustom, to use, to inure one’s self. ☉=accouvé=, =-e=, (fam.) _adj._, brooding over (the fire). =accréditer=, _v.a._, to accredit; to give reputation, credit, sanction to; to bring into vogue, to procure esteem, to confirm, to spread (rumors). _s’_=accréditer=, _v.r._, to get a name or reputation, to get into credit; to ingratiate one’s self. =accrétion=, _n.f._, (med.) accretion. =accroc= (-krô), _n.m._, impediment, hitch, hindrance; rent, tear. _Faire un — à_; to tear. ☉=accroche=, _n.f._, hindrance, obstacle, hitch. =accroche-cœur=, _n.m._, (_—_) (curl) heart-breaker, kiss-curl. _En —_; curled up, twisted. =accrochement=, _n.m._, locking (of carriages); difficulty, hitch, delay. =accrocher=, _v.a._, to hang up or upon, to hook; to catch, to tear; to get, to pick up; to lock, to get locked with; to grapple (a ship); to delay, stop, put off, pawn. _— sa montre_; to pawn one’s watch. _Il lui à accroché de l’argent_; he has done him out of some money. _s’_=accrocher=, _v.r._, to catch in; to hang on; to lay hold of, to cling to. =accroire=, _v.a._, to believe. _Faire — à_; to make believe. _En faire — à quelqu’un_; to impose upon any one. _S’en faire —_; to be self-conceited, to overrate one’s self. =accroissement=, _n.m._, increase, growth, enlargement, extension, development. =accroître=, _v.a._, to increase, to enlarge, to amplify, to augment, to raise. =accroître=, _v.n._, to increase, to augment. _s’_=accroître=, _v.r._, to increase, to grow; to be augmented or advanced, to improve. =accroupi=, =-e=, _adj._, squat, cowering, crouching. _s’_=accroupir=, _v.r._, to sit down upon the hams or heels, to squat, to crouch. =accroupissement= (-mān), _n.m._, cowering, squatting, crouching. =accru=, _n.m._, sprig produced by roots, shoot. =accrue=, _n.f._, increase of land caused by the retiring of waters; encroachment by trees on adjoining land. *=accueil= (-keu), _n.m._, reception, welcome, greeting; (com.) protection, honor (of bills). _Faire —_; to receive kindly (of bills), to meet. _Recevoir bon —_; to meet with due honor, protection; to be greeted, welcomed; (com.) to be met, honored (of bills). *=accueillir= (-keu-), _v.a._, to receive, to make welcome, to entertain; to hail; to overtake; to assail; (com.) to honor; to protect. _Être bien accueilli_; to be received with a hearty welcome. _La tempête nous accueillit_; the storm overtook us. =accul=, _n.m._, place that has no egress; blind alley; small bay, cove; (hunt.) terrier, lodge, hole; breeching (of a cannon). =acculer=, _v.a._, to bring to a stand; to drive into a corner; to drive into a place from which there is no escape; (hunt.) to run home. =acculer=, _v.n._, (of carts) to hang backwards. =accumulat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, accumulator. =accumulation=, _n.f._, accumulation. =accumuler=, _v.a._, to accumulate, to heap up, to store, to amass. _— crime sur crime_; to heap crime upon crime. _s’_=accumuler=, _v.r._, to accumulate, to increase. =accusable=, _adj._, accusable, impeachable, chargeable. =accusat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, accuser, indicter, impeacher. =accusatif=, _n.m._, (gram.) accusative case. _A l’—_; in the accusative. =accusation=, _n.f._, accusation, indictment, impeachment, charge; complaint; prosecution. _Chef d’—_; count of an indictment. _Mise en —_; arraignment. _Intenter une —_; to prefer an indictment. _Mettre en —_; to impeach. _Prononcer la mise en —_; to find a true bill. =accusatoire=, _adj._, accusatory. =accusé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, accused, prisoner, culprit. _— de réception_; (com.) acknowledgment of letter, receipt. =accuser=, _v.a._, to accuse of, to charge with; to indict, to impeach; to reproach, to tax; to blame; to dispute the validity of a deed; to mention, to give notice; (fig.) to show, to indicate, to betray, to attest. _— réception d’une lettre_; to acknowledge the receipt of a letter. _s’_=accuser=, _v.r._, to accuse one’s self. =acéphale=, _adj._, acephalous, without a head. =acéphales=, _n.m.pl._, acephala. =acérain=, =-e=, _adj._, relating to steel, steely. =acerbe=, _adj._, sour, sharp, acerb; harsh, bitter. =acerbité=, _n.f._, acerbity, harshness; bitterness. =acéré=, =-e=, _adj._, steely, steeled; sharp, keen, sharp-edged; acerose. =acérer=, _v.a._, to steel. ☉=acéreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, acerose, needle-shaped. =acescence=, _n.f._, acescency, acidifying. =acescent=, =-e=, _adj._, acescent. =acétabule=, _n.m._, acetabulum. =acétate=, _n.m._, acetate. =acéteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, acetous. =acétique=, _adj._, acetic. =achalandage=, _n.m._, custom, connection; good will and fixtures. =achalandé=, =-e=, _part._, having custom. _Boutique bien —e_; a well-frequented shop, doing or driving a good trade. =achalander=, _v.a._, to get custom, to procure customers, to procure custom to. _s’_=achalander=, _v.r._, to get or draw, attract, customers. =acharné=, =-e=, _adj._, fleshed; rabid; infuriated; implacable; desperate; obstinate; intense. _Un combat —_; a desperate fight. _Une haine —e_; an implacable hatred. =acharnement=, _n.m._, tenacity; rancor, blind fury; stubbornness, ill-nature; obstinacy, desperation. _Avec —_; unmercifully. _C’est de l’—_; this is rank fury. =acharner=, _v.a._, to flesh; to rouse, to madden; to set on; to embitter, to envenom. _s’_=acharner=, _v.r._, to be intent, bent, set upon; to set one’s heart upon; to persist in; to be infuriated, implacable. _Il s’acharne à l’étude_; his heart is set upon study. ☉=achars=, _n.m.pl._, Indian pickles. =achat=, _n.m._, purchase, purchasing, buying; bargain. _Faire des —s_; to purchase. =ache=, _n.f._, (bot.) smallage. =achée=, _n.f._, worms, gentles, bait. =acheminement= (ash-mi-n-mān), _n.m._, step; preparatory measure, means, way, dispatch. =acheminer= (ash-mi-né), _v.a._, to forward, to send on. _s’_=acheminer=, _v.r._, to set out or forward, to make one’s way towards; to begin one’s journey; to proceed towards; to get on. =acheter= (ash-té), _v.a._, to buy, to purchase, to bribe. _— cher ou bon marché_; to buy dear or cheap. _— en bloc_; to buy in a lump. _— chat en poche_; to buy a pig in a poke. _s’_=acheter=, _v.r._, to buy for one’s self, to be bought. =acheteur= (ash-teur), _n.m._, buyer, purchaser, last bidder. =achevé=, =-e=, _part._, finished, perfect, exquisite, absolute; downright, consummate, arrant. _Beauté —e_; a perfect beauty. _Sot —_; downright ass. =achèvement= (-shev-mān), _n.m._, completion, finishing, conclusion. =achever= (ash-vé), _v.a._, to finish, to put the finishing hand to; to close, to end, to conclude, to terminate, to perfect, to crown, to consummate; to dispatch, to kill. _— de boire_; to drink up. _Achevez!_ out with it! _Il n’acheva pas_; he said no more. =acheveur=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, finisher. =achillée=, _n.f._, (bot.) milfoil, yarrow. =achit=, _n.m._, wild vine. =achoppement= (-shop-mān), _n.m._, stumbling, impediment. _Pierre d’—_; stumbling-block. =achopper=, _v.n._, to stumble, to knock one’s self against anything; (fig.) to fail. =achromatique= (-kro-), _adj._, achromatic. =achromatisme= (-kro-), _n.m._, (opt.) achromatism. ☉=achronique= (-kro-), _adj._ _V._ =acronyque=. =aciculaire=, _adj._, acicular, needle-shaped. =acide=, _n.m._, acid. =acide=, _adj._, acid, sour, tart, sharp. =acidifier=, _v.a._, to acidify. =acidité=, _n.f._, acidity, sourness, sharpness, tartness. =acidule=, _adj._, of the nature of acids, acidulous. =acidulé=, =-e=, _adj._, acidulated. =aciduler=, _v.a._, to acidulate. =acier=, _n.m._, steel. _— fondu_; cast steel. _— indien_, _— wootz_; wootz. _— poule_, _— de cémentation_; blistered steel. _Articles d’—_; steel wares. _Bijouterie d’—_; polished steel wares. _Fil d’—_; steel wire. =aciérage=, _n.m._, (metal.) the hardening of copper, steeling, plating with steel. =aciération=, _n.f._, the converting of iron into steel. =aciérer=, _v.a._, to convert into steel, to steel. =aciérie=, _n.f._, steel manufactory, steel-works. =acineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, acinose, acinous. =aciniforme=, _adj._, aciniform. =acmé=, _n.m._, (med.) acme. =acné=, _n.f._, (med.) acne. =acolyte=, _n.m._, acolothist, acolyte; companion, confederate, associate. =acompte=, _n.m._, installment, partial payment. =acon=, _n.m._ _V._ =accon=. =aconit= (-nit), _n.m._, aconite, wolf’s-bane, monk’s hood. _— tue-chien_; dog’s-bane. =acoquinant=, =-e=, _adj._, (fam.) alluring, engaging, captivating. =acoquiner=, _v.a._, (fam.) to allure, to bewitch; to captivate. _s’_=acoquiner=, _v.r._, (fam.) to be bewitched, to be greatly attached to. _Il s’acoquine auprès de cette femme_; he is much in love with that woman. =acotylédone=, _adj._, (of plants) acotyledonous. =acoup=, _n.m._, (_—s_) jerk, sudden stop, or halt. =acoustique=, _n.f._ (_n.p._), acoustics. =acoustique=, _adj._, acoustic. _Cordon —_; speaking-pipe. _Cornet —_; ear-trumpet. _Voûte —_; whispering dome, gallery. =acquéreur=, _n.m._, buyer, purchaser. =acquérir= (acquérant, acquis), _v.a._, to acquire, to purchase, to buy, to obtain; to get, to achieve, to attain, to gain, to win. _s’_=acquérir=, _v.r._, to get, to be gotten, to be acquired, obtained, or purchased, to win for one’s self. =acquêt=, _n.m._, (jur.) common property of two married people, acquisition, purchase. =acquiescement= (-mān), _n.m._, acquiescence, compliance, consent, willingness. =acquiescer=, _v.n._, to acquiesce, to agree, to assent, to yield, to comply. =acquis=, _part._ of Acquérir. =acquis=, =-e=, _adj._, acquired; added; secured; (med.) adventitious. =acquis=, _n.m._, acquired knowledge, acquirements, attainments. =acquisition=, _n.f._, acquisition, getting, acquiring, attaining, purchase, conquest. _Contrat d’—_; deed of purchase. =acquit=, _n.m._, discharge, receipt; lead (at billiards). _Par manière d’—_; for form’s sake. _Jouer à l’—_; to play who shall pay for the whole. _Pour acquit_ (on bills), paid. _Donner — de_; to give a receipt for. _Mettre son — à_; to put “paid” on to receipt. =acquit-à-caution=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) (customs) permit. ☉=acquit-patent=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) royal decree granting the remission of a debt. =acquittement= (-mān), _n.m._, payment, clearing off, liquidation; acquittal. =acquitter=, _v.a._, to pay, to pay off, to clear, to quit; to receipt; to acquit, to discharge. _s’_=acquitter=, _v.r._, to fulfill, to perform; to pay off one’s debts, to pay off, to be quits. =acre=, _n.f._, acre. =âcre=, _adj._, sharp, sour, tart, acrimonious; bitter, biting; acrid. =âcreté=, _n.f._, acridity, sharpness, sourness, tartness, acrimony. =acrimonie=, _n.f._, acrimony, sharpness, keenness. =acrimonieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, acrimonious, sharp. =acrobate=, _n.m.f._, rope-dancer. =acronyque=, _adj._, (astr.), acronic, acronical. =acropole=, _n.f._, acropolis. =acrostiche=, _n.m._, acrostic. =acrotère=, _n.m._, (arch.) acroterium, blocking course; (nav.) cape, headland. =acte=, _n.m._, act; deed; indenture, instrument; document; charter; _pl._, records, public registers, rolls, proceedings. _— faux_; forged deed. _Expédition d’un —_; copy of a deed. _Donner — de_; to deliver an official certificate of. _Rédiger un —_; to draw up a document. _Faire acte de présence_; to put in an appearance, to show one’s self. _Prendre —_; to make a note of, to put down. =act-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, actor; actress; player. =actif=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) assets (_pl._); (gram.) active voice. _Actif et passif_; assets and liabilities. _Actif_; receipts of a budget. =acti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, active; real, actual; quick, nimble, brisk, agile, stirring, busy, energetic. _Dettes actives_; assets. =action=, _n.f._, action, act, agency, operation, virtue, motion; deed, feat, performance; gesture, posture; engagement, battle; suit, plea; share, stock. _— cessible_ (com.); transferable share. _— nominative_; personal share. _Promesse d’—s_; scrip. _Détenteur de promesse d’—s_; scrip-holder. _Titre d’une —_; document of a share. _Par —s_; joint-stock. _— d’éclat_; splendid achievement. _—s de banque_; bank stock. _Hausse_, _baisse_, _des —s_; rise, fall, of shares. _— de grâces_; thanksgiving. _En —_; in motion. _Entrer en —_; to begin opérations. _Intenter une — à quelqu’un_; to bring an action against any one. _Mettre en —_; to carry into action, to carry out. _En —_; (mach.) in gear. _Hors d’—_; out of gear. =actionnaire=, _n.m._, shareholder, stockholder. =actionner=, _v.a._, to bring an action, to sue at law. _S’—_; to bestir oneself. =activement= (-mān), _adv._, actively, vigorously. =activer=, _v.a._, to press, to hasten, to forward, to expedite. =activité=, _n.f._, action, activity; nimbleness, expedition, dispatch, employment. _En —_; in activity, in active service. =actualisation=, _n.f._, actualness, adaptation to the times. =actualiser=, _v.a._, to actualize. =actualité=, _n.f._, actuality, passing event; question of the hour. =actuel=, =-le=, _adj._, actual, real; present. =actuellement= (-èl-mān), _adv._, now, at this very time. =acuité=, _n.f._, (mus.) acuteness, keenness. =acuminé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) acuminated. =acuponcture=, _n.f._, (surg.) acupuncture. =acutangle=, _adj._, acute-angled. =acutangulé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) acute-angled. =adage=, _n.m._, adage, proverb; saying. =adagio=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (mus.) adagio. =adagio=, _adv._, (mus.) adagio, slowly. =adamantin=, =-e=, _adj._, adamantine. =adaptation=, _n.f._, adaptation. =adapter=, _v.a._, to apply, to adapt; to suit; to fit. _s’_=adapter=, _v.r._, to apply, fit, suit. _Qui peut —_; which is adaptable. =adapteur=, _n.m.f._, adapter. =addition= (ad-di-), _n.f._, addition; accession; bill, reckoning; (print.) marginal note. _— composée_; compound addition. _— en hache_ (print.); interlineary matter. _Faire l’— de_; to add, to sum up. =additionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, additional. =additionner=, _v.a._, to add, to cast up. =adducteur=, _n.m._, (anat.) adductor. =adducteur=, _adj._, (anat.) adducent. =adduction=, _n.f._, (anat.) adduction. =ademption=, _n.f._, (jur.) revocation of a legacy. =adepte=, _n.m.f._, adept. =adéquat=, =-e= (-kouat), _adj._, (philos.) complete, entire, adequate. =adhérence=, _n.f._, adhesion; adherence, attachment. =adhérent=, =-e=, _adj._, adherent, sticking to. =adhérent=, _n.m._, adherer, follower, partisan. =adhérer=, _v.n._, to adhere, to be adherent, to cling, to hold, to cleave, to stick; to adhere to, to approve. =adhési-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, adhesive. =adhésion=, _n.f._, adhesion, adherence; compliance. =ad hoc=, _adv._, to that effect or purpose. =ad hominem=, _adv._, personal, direct. _Argument —_; _argumentum ad hominem_. ☉=ad honores=, _adv._, honorary. =adiante=, _n.m._, (bot.) adiantum, maiden-hair. =adieu=, _adv._, adieu, farewell, good-bye. _Dire —_, _faire ses adieux_ =à=; to bid adieu. _Sans —_; without bidding you adieu, without saying good-bye. _— va!_ (nav.) about ship! =adieu=, _n.m._, farewell, parting, leave. _Faire ses —x_; to take one’s leave. =adipeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, adipous, adipose, fat. =adipocire=, _n.f._, adipocere. =adiposité=, _n.f._, adipose or fatty condition. =adirer=, _v.a._, (jur.) to mislay, to lose. =adition=, _n.f._, (jur.) acceptance of an inheritance. =adjacent=, =-e=, _adj._, adjacent, bordering upon, contiguous. =adjectif=, _n.m._, (gram.) adjective. =adjecti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) adjectival. =adjectivement= (-mān), _adv._, adjectively. =adjoindre=, _v.a._, to adjoin, to associate, to give as an assistant. _S’—_; to take as a partner. =adjoint=, _n.m._, adjunct, associate, colleague, assistant, deputy. _Maire —_; deputy mayor. =adjonction=, _n.f._, adjunction, union, annexation. =adjudant=, _n.m._, adjutant. _Fonctions d’—_; adjutancy. _— de place_; town adjutant. =adjudicataire=, _n.m.f._, purchaser, contractor, highest bidder. =adjudicataire=, _adj._, purchasing; contracting. =adjudicat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, awarder. =adjudicati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (jur.) adjudging. =adjudication=, _n.f._, adjudication; auction; contract, award. _Par —_; by contract. _Mettre en —_; to contract for. =adjuger=, _v.a._, to adjudge, to adjudicate, to award. _Adjugé!_ (at auctions) gone! _s’_=adjuger=, _v.r._, to appropriate to one’s own use. =adjuration=, _n.f._, adjuration, imprecation. =adjurer=, _v.a._, to adjure; to conjure, to call upon, to beseech. =adjuvant=, _n.m._, (med.) adjuvant. =ad libitum= (-tom), _adv._, ad libitum, at will, at pleasure. =admettre=, _v.a._, to admit, to receive; to allow, to approve of, to suppose; to adopt; to give admittance, to take in; to let in, to suffer to come into, to let enter. =adminicule=, _n.m._, (jur.) presumptive proof. =administra-teur=, _n.m._, =-trice=, _n.f._, administrator, administratrix, manager, trustee, governor, curator; guardian (of the poor). =administrati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, administrative. =administration=, _n.f._, administration, management, direction, government, conduct. _Mauvaise —_; maladministration. =administrativement=, _adv._, administratively. =administré=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, person under one’s administration or jurisdiction. =administrer=, _v.a._, to administer, to manage, to officiate, to govern; to minister, to dispense; (jur.) to furnish, find. _Droit d’—_; letters of administration. _— des témoins_; to find, produce, witnesses. _s’_=administrer=, _v.r._, to administer to one’s self; to be managed, to be administered. =admirable=, _adj._, admirable, wonderful. =admirablement=, _adv._, admirably, wonderfully. =admirat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, admirer, praiser. =admirati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, of admiration or exclamation, wondering. _D’un air —_; with a wondering look. =admiration=, _n.f._, admiration, wonder, marvel. _Point d’—_; note of exclamation. _Avoir de l’— pour_, _Être dans l’—_; to admire. _Saisir d’—_; to strike with admiration. =admirer=, _v.a._, to admire, to wonder at. =admissibilité=, _n.f._, admissibility. =admissible=, _adj._, allowable, admissible. =admission=, _n.f._, admission, admittance, reception. =admonestation=, _n.f._, admonishment, admonition. =admonester=, _v.a._, (jur.) to admonish, to warn, to reprimand. =admonit-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, adviser. =admonition=, _n.f._, admonition, advice, exhortation, reprimand. =adné=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) adnate. =adolescence=, _n.f._, adolescence. =adolescent=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, lad; lass; stripling. =adolescent=, =-e=, _adj._, adolescent. =adonien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, (poet.) adonic. =adonique=. _V._ =adonien=. =adonis= (-nis), _n.m._, Adonis, beau; (bot.) adonis, pheasant’s-eye. =adoniser=, _v.a._, to deck out, to make fine. _s’_=adoniser=, _v.r._, to bedizen one’s self. =adonner=, _v.n._, (nav.) to veer aft. _s’_=adonner=, _v.r._, to give, to apply, to devote, to addict one’s self, to give one’s mind (to a thing _— à quelque chose_), to follow, to take to a thing. _S’— au vin_, to become addicted to drinking. =adoptable=, _adj._, that can be adopted. =adoptant=, _n.m._, adopter. =adopté=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, adoptive son, daughter, heir, &c. =adopter=, _v.a._, to adopt; to embrace, to espouse, to sanction, to pass, to carry. =adopti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, adoptive, by adoption. _Enfant —_; adoptive child. _Père —_; foster-father. =adoption=, _n.f._, adoption. =adorable=, _adj._, adorable, charming, delightful. =adorablement=, _adv._, adorably, delightfully. =adorat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, adorer, worshiper, great admirer. =adoration=, _n.f._, adoration, worshiping; worship; admiration, respect, reverence. =adorer=, _v.a._, to adore, to worship; to have a passionate love for. =ados=, _n.m._, (gard.) shelving-bed, border (against a wall). =adossé=, =-e=, _adj._, back to back; resting or standing against; indorsed (of a bill). =adossement=, _n.m._, position back to back; backing, indorsement. =adosser=, _v.a._, to set or lean with the back against a thing, to put back to back. _S’— contre un mur_; to lean up against a wall. =adouber=, _v.n._, (chess) to adjust a piece; (nav.) to mend, to repair. =adoucir=, _v.a._, to soften, to mitigate, to sweeten; to modify, to compose, to calm, to soothe; to smooth, to appease; to ease, to allay, to relieve, to cool, to pacify; to tame. _Rien ne peut — son chagrin_; nothing can mitigate his sorrow. _— un esprit irrité_; to appease an exasperated mind. _s’_=adoucir=, _v.r._, to grow cool, soft, mild; to be assuaged, mitigated; to relent; (of weather) to get milder. =adoucissant=, _n.m._, emollient, mollifier. =adoucissant=, =-e=, _adj._, softening, soothing, emollient. =adoucissement= (-mān), _n.m._, sweetening, softening, mollifying; assuaging, appeasing; ease, mitigation, palliation, alleviation, relief, consolation. =adoucisseur=, _n.m._, glass-polisher. =adoué=, =-e=, _adj._, (hunt.) coupled, paired. =ad patres= (-ess), to kingdom come. _Aller —_; to be gathered to one’s fathers. =adrachne= (-rakn), _n.m._, strawberry-tree. _V._ =arbousier=. =adragant=, =-e=, _adj._, tragacanth. =adragant=, _n.m._, tragacanth; gum-dragon. =ad rem=, _adv._, pertinently. _Répondre —_; to answer pertinently, to the point. =adresse=, _n.f._, speech, direction, address; skill, dexterity, expertness, cleverness, ingenuity; shrewdness, cunning, direction, destination. _Être à l’— de_; to be directed to. _Faire tenir à son —_; to forward to its destination. _Tour d’—_; legerdemain. _Avoir l’adresse de_; to be artful enough to. =adresser=, _v.a._, to direct, to address. _— mal_; to misdirect. _s’_=adresser=, _v.r._, to be directed; to address one’s self, to apply, to make application, to appeal to. _— ici_; apply within. _Vous vous adressez mal_; you mistake your man. _— bien_; you come to the right person. =adroit=, =-e=, _adj._, dexterous, ingenious, clever, skillful; handy, neat; cunning, shrewd, artful. =adroitement= (-droat-mān), _adv._, adroitly, skillfully, artfully, cleverly, happily; smartly, handily. =adulaire=, _n.f._, (min.) adularia, moon-stone, sun-stone. =adula-teur=, _n.m._, =-trice=, _n.f._, adulator, flatterer, fawner, sycophant; parasite. =adula-teur=, =-trice=, _adj._, adulatory, parasitical. =adulation=, _n.f._, adulation, flattery, sycophancy. =aduler=, _v.a._, to fawn upon, to cringe to, to flatter. =adulte=, _adj._, adult, grown-up. =adulte=, _n.m.f._, adult. =adultération=, _n.f._, (pharm.) adulteration. =adultère=, _n.f._, adulteress. =adultère=, _n.m._, adulterer; adultery. =adultère=, _adj._, adulterous; adulterate. _Femme —_; adulteress. =adultérer=, _v.a._, (pharm.) to adulterate. =adultérin=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, adulterine child. =adultérin=, =-e=, _adj._, adulterine. =aduste=, _adj._, (med.) adust, burnt up. =adustion=, _n.f._, (med.) adustion, burning. =advenant=, _part._, occurring, in case, in the event of. _— le décès_; in the event of the death. =advenir=, _v.n._, to occur, happen, to chance, befall. _Advienne que pourra_; happen what may. =adventice=, _adj._, adventitious. =adventi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, adventive, casual. =adverbe=, _n.m._, (gram.) adverb. =adverbial=, =-e=, _adj._, adverbial. =adverbialement= (-mān), _adv._, adverbially. =adverbialité=, _n.f._, adverbial nature of. =adversaire=, _n.m._, adversary, opponent, antagonist, opposer. =adversati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) adversative. =adverse=, _adj._, adverse, opposite. _Avocat —_; counsel on the opposite side. =adversité=, _n.f._, adversity, affliction. =adynamie=, _n.f._, (med.) adynamy, debility. =adynamique=, _adj._, adynamic. =aérage=, _n.m._, ventilation, airing. _Puits d’—_; air-shaft. =aération=, _n.f._, aëration, airing. =aéré=, =-e=, _adj._, aired, airy. =aérer=, _v.a._, to air, to renew the air; (chem.) to aërate. =aérien=, =-ne= (-in-e-n), _adj._, aërial. =aériennement=, _adv._, aërially, in the air. =aérifère=, _adj._, aërial. =aériforme=, _adj._, aëriform. =aériser=, _v.a._, to aërify. =aérodynamique=, _n.f._, aëro-dynamics. =aérographie=, _n.f._, aërography. =aérolithe=, _n.m._, aërolite, aërolith. =aérologie=, _n.f._, aërology. =aéromancie=, _n.f._, aëromancy. =aéromètre=, _n.m._, aërometer. =aérométrie=, _n.f._, aërometry. =aéronaute=, _n.m.f._, aëronaut. _Art_, _science de l’—_; aëronautics. =aérophobie=, _n.f._, aërophobia. =aérostat=, _n.m._, aërostat; air-balloon. =aérostation=, _n.f._, aërostation. =aérostatique=, _adj._, aërostatic. =aétite=, _n.f._, aëtites, eagle-stone. =affabilité=, _n.f._, affability, affableness, kindness, courtesy. =affable=, _adj._, affable, courteous, of easy manners. =affablement=, _adv._, affably, courteously. =affabulation=, _n.f._, the moral of a fable. =affadir=, _v.a._, to make unsavory or insipid; to flatten; to be nauseous, to cloy, to pall, to satiate. _s’_=affadir=, _v.r._, to become insipid. =affadissement= (-mān), _n.m._, cloying, insipidity, nauseousness. =affaiblir=, _v.a._, to enfeeble, to weaken, to debilitate; to impair, to attenuate; to debase (coins). =affaiblir=, _v.n._, to grow weak, to weaken, to droop. _s’_=affaiblir=, _v.r._, to grow weak, to be impaired, to become enfeebled; to abate. =affaiblissant=, =-e=, _adj._, weakening, enfeebling. =affaiblissement= (-mān), _n.m._, weakening, enfeebling, impairment, diminution of strength; allaying, abatement; debasement (of coins). =affaire=, _n.f._, thing, affair, matter; business, concern, job, duty; dealing; trouble, scrape, quarrel; action, case, lawsuit; fight, skirmish, battle; need, occasion, want; work, transaction. _Belle —_; fine thing, pretty mess, trifling matter. _—s courantes_; current business. _— de rien_; trifling affair. _— d’intérêt_; money matter. _Bien_, _mal_, _dans ses —_; in good, bad, circumstances. _Homme d’—s_; man of business, agent, steward, middleman. _Relation d’—s_; mercantile connection. _Dans les —s_; in business. _En —_; engaged in business. _Pour —_; on business. _Aller à ses —s_; to go to one’s business. _S’attirer une —_; to get into a scrape. _Avoir — à_; to have to deal with. _Avoir — avec_; to have business with. _Avoir bien des —s_; to be much employed. _Avoir des —s pardessus la tête_; to be over head and ears in business. _Céder ses —s_; to give up business. _Être à ses —s_; to attend to business. _Eviter les —s_; to keep clear of scrapes. _Faire des —s_; to do business. _Faire l’— de quelqu’un_; to answer some one’s purpose, turn. _Faire son — à quelqu’un_; to settle any one’s business, do for him. _Faire de grandes —s_; to carry on an extensive business. _Ne faire rien à l’—_; not to affect the matter. _Mettre quelqu’un dans les —s_; to set any one up in business, to apprentice any one to a business. _Se retirer des —s_; to retire from business. _Sortir d’une — avec honneur_; to come off honorably. _Tirer d’—_; to extricate, to help out. _Se tirer d’—_; to get out of trouble, to get on in the world. _Vaquer aux —s_; to attend to business. _Vider une —_; to settle an affair. _C’est_, _ce n’est pas_, _une —_; it is no, it is an, easy matter. _J’ai votre —_; I have what you want, the very thing for you. _Je ferai son —_; I will do for him. _C’est mon —_; leave that to me. _J’en fais mon —_; I take that upon myself. _Ce ne sont pas là mes —s_; that is none of my business. _Au point où en sont les —s_; as matters stand. _Son — est bonne_; he is in for it, he will catch it. _Son — est faite_; he is done for. =affairé=, =-e=, _adj._, full of business, busy. _Faire l’—_; to ape the busy man; to fuss about. =affaissement= (-mān), _n.m._, depression, sinking, subsiding, giving way, weakness, weighing down; (med.) collapse. =affaisser=, _v.a._, to cause to sink, to weigh down, to press down, to bear down, to weaken. _s’_=affaisser=, _v.r._, to sink, sink down, subside, settle, to give way. =affaiter=, _v.a._, (falconry) to reclaim and train, tame (hawks). =affaler=, _v.a._, (nav.) to overhaul (a rope); to embay, drive upon a lee-shore. _Affale!_ lower away. _s’_=affaler=, _v.r._, (nav.) to slide down; to be driven upon a lee-shore. =affamé=, =-e=, _adj._, famished, hungry, starving, craving. _Être — de_; to be greedy of; eager for. =affamer=, _v.a._, to famish, to starve. =affectation=, _n.f._, affectation, distinction; (jur.) mortgage, charge. =affecté=, =-e=, _adj._, affected, destined; (alg.) affected, assumed. =affecter=, _v.a._, to affect, to pretend, feign; to appropriate, to destine. _s’_=affecter=, _v.r._, to be affected; to be moved. =affecti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, affective. =affection=, _n.f._, affection, love, attachment, liking, inclination, partiality; (med.) affection. _Témoignage d’—_; token, mark, of affection. _Par —_; out of affection. _Prendre quelqu’un en —_; to become attached, to take a fancy, to any one. _— nerveuse_; nervous affection. =affectionné=, =-e=, _adj._, affectionate, loving. =affectionner=, _v.a._, to love, to have an affection for, to fancy, to be fond of, to like; to take an interest in. _s’_=affectionner=, _v.r._, to apply one’s self to a thing with delight, to attach one’s self to, to delight in, to take a fancy for. =affectueusement= (-mān), _adv._, affectionately, fondly, heartily, kindly. =affectueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, affectionate, warm-hearted. =afférent=, =-e=, _adj._, (jur.) appertaining to, belonging to, accruing to, indivisible. _Portion —e_; share of indivisible property. =affermable=, _adj._, farmable, rentable, demisable. =affermage=, _n.m._, farming, renting, demising. =affermer=, _v.a._, to farm or let out by lease; to take a lease of; to rent. _s’_=affermer=, _v.r._, to be farmed, rented. =affermir=, _v.a._, to strengthen, to give strength to; to make firm or strong; to fasten; to harden, to make hard or firm; to confirm, to establish, to consolidate, to fix firmly. _s’_=affermir=, _v.r._, to become strong, firm or fast; to grow hard; to fortify one’s self; to become established, to persist in. =affermissement= (-mān), _n.m._, strengthening, settling, consolidation, establishment; stay, support, prop. =affété=, =-e=, _adj._, affected, full of affectation, prim, finical; canting, mincing. _Mine —e_; affected looks. _Manières —es_; affected manners. =afféterie=, _n.f._, affectation, affectedness; primness, mannerism; affected, formal ways; cant. _Les —s d’une coquette_; the affected ways of a coquette. =affichage=, _n.m._, the posting up of placards, bills, &c., bill-sticking, placarding. =affiche=, _n.f._, placard, bill, hand-bill. _Poser une —_; to post up a placard. _Homme —_; sandwich man. =afficher=, _v.a._, to post up; to publish, to proclaim, to make a show of, to parade, to divulge. _Défense d’—_; stick no bills. _s’_=afficher=, _v.r._, to set up for; to attract public notice. _Cette femme s’affiche_; that woman seeks notoriety. =afficheur=, _n.m._, bill-sticker. =affidé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, confederate, trusty, confidential agent. =affidé=, =-e=, _adj._, trusty, trustworthy. =affilage=, _n.m._, whetting, sharpening, grinding, setting. =affilé=, =-e=, _adj._, sharp; nimble, glib (of the tongue). =affiler=, _v.a._, to set, to put an edge on, to sharpen. =affiliation=, _n.f._, affiliation, association. =affilier=, _v.a._, to receive, to affiliate, to admit. _s’_=affilier=, _v.r._, to get affiliated, admitted. =affiloir=, _n.m._, hone, whetstone, steel. =affinage=, _n.m._, affinage, refining, fining (of metals, sugar). =affiner=, _v.a._, to fine, to refine; to try. _s’_=affiner=, _v.r._, to be refined; to be fined, tried, (nav.) (of weather), to clear up. =affinerie= (-rî), _n.f._, (metal.) finery, painting shop. =affineur=, _n.m._, finer; (metal.) refiner. =affinité=, _n.f._, affinity, alliance; congeniality, conformity, relation. _Avoir de l’— avec_; to be congenial to. =affinoir=, _n.m._, hatchel. =affiquet=, _n.m._, a knitting-sheath. _—s_, _pl._; gewgaws, knick-knacks, bauble. =affirmati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, affirmative; positive. =affirmation=, _n.f._, affirmation, assertion; (log.) predication; affidavit, oath. =affirmative=, _n.f._, affirmative. _Prendre l’— pour ou contre_; to decide for or against. =affirmativement= (-mān), _adv._, affirmatively, positively. =affirmer=, _v.a._, to affirm, to vouch, to assert, to assure, to declare, to state; to confirm by or on oath; (log.) to predicate. =affixe=, _n.m._, affix. =affleuré=, =-e=, _adj._, level; (arch.) flush. =affleurement=, _n.m._, leveling; making flush; (mining) cropping out, outcrop. =affleurer=, _v.a._, to make even, to level; (arch.) to make flush; (ship-building) to fay; (mining) to crop out. =affleurer=, _v.n._, to be level, on a level with, to be flush with. =afflicti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (jur.) affecting the person corporal (of punishments). =affliction=, _n.f._, affliction, grief, trouble, distress, anguish, sorrow, tribulation; trial, vexation. =affligé=, =-e=, _adj._, afflicted, grieved, dejected, disconsolate. _— d’une maladie_; laboring under a disease. =affligeant=, =-e= (-jān, -t), _adj._, afflicting, afflictive, distressing, grievous, woeful. =affliger=, _v.a._, to afflict, to grieve, to vex, to trouble, to distress, to cast down; to mortify. _s’_=affliger=, _v.r._, to grieve, to be concerned; to be afflicted, troubled, distressed, cast down, sorrowful; to fret. =affluence=, _n.f._, a flowing together; affluence, abundance, multitude, concourse, crowd. =affluent=, =-e=, _adj._, (of rivers) falling into, running into. =affluent=, _n.m._, confluence; tributary stream. =affluer=, _v.a._, to fall, to run, to flow into; to abound; to resort, to flock, to come in great numbers; (med.) to flow, to rush. =afflux=, _n.m._, (med.) afflux, affluxion. =affolé=, =-e=, _adj._, maddened, distracted, frantic; infatuated with; madly in love with; (nav.) erroneous, defective (of the magnetic needle). _Une boussole —e_; a compass that is not true. =affoler=, _v.a._, to make extremely fond, to make one dote upon; to madden, to distract, bewitch. _S’— de_; to become infatuated with. =affouage=, _n.m._, the right of cutting wood. =affouillement=, _n.m._, undermining, washing away. =affouiller=, _v.a._, (arch.) to undermine; to wash away. =affourche=, _n.f._, (nav.) small bower. _Ancre d’—_; small bow-anchor. =affourché=, =-e=, _part._, astraddle, astride, (nav.) moored across. =affourcher=, _v.n._ and _a._, _s’—_, _v.r._, to seat astride, (nav.) to moor across, to moor by the head or by the head and stern. =affranchi=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, freed man; freed woman. =affranchi=, =-e=, _part._, freed; post-paid, prepaid. =affranchir=, _v.a._, to set free, to free, to enfranchise, to give liberty; to make free; to absolve; to exempt, to discharge; to deliver; to pay the carriage of; to prepay. _s’_=affranchir=, _v.r._, to rid one’s self of, to free one’s self, to get free, to shake off, to break through. =affranchissement= (-shis-mān), _n.m._, enfranchisement, manumission; exemption, discharge; delivery, deliverance; payment of postage (of a letter); pre-payment of carriage (of a parcel). _Timbre d’—_; postage-stamp. =affre=, _n.f._, dread, horror, agony. _Les —s de la mort_; the terrors of death. =affrètement= (-mān), _n.m._, chartering, freighting. =affréter=, _v.a._, (nav.) to charter, to freight. =affréteur=, _n.m._, charterer, freighter. =affreusement= (-mān), _adv._, frightfully, horribly, dreadfully, terribly, shockingly. =affreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, frightful, hideous, horrible, atrocious, fearful, ghastly, horrid, shocking. =affriander=, _v.a._, to accustom, use, bring up, to dainties; to allure, to entice, to tempt. =affriolement= (-mān), _n.m._, (fam.) act of alluring, enticing, tempting; allurement; enticement. =affrioler=, _v.a._, (fam.) to allure, to entice, to draw by enticement. =affriter=, _v.a._, to season (a frying pan). =affront=, _n.m._, affront, outrage, insult; disgrace, shame, reproach. _Recevoir un — sanglant_; to receive an outrageous affront. _Boire_, _avaler_, _un —_; to pocket an affront. =affronté=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) affrontee. =affronter=, _v.a._, to affront, to face, to brave; to cheat, to take in. =affronterie=, _n.f._, braving, daring, affronting. =affronteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, affronter, deceiver, cheat. =affublement=, _n.m._, grotesque make up (of dress), rig, muffling up. =affubler=, _v.a._, to wrap up, (b.s.) to dress out, up, to muffle up. _S’— d’un manteau_; to muffle one’s self up in a cloak, to assume (a name). _s’_=affubler=, _v.r._, to dress ridiculously. _S’— de quelqu’un_; to be wrapped up in. =affusion=, _n.f._, (phar.) affusion. =affût=, _n.m._, gun-carriage, stand, rest; watch, lying in wait. _Être à l’—_; to be upon the watch, to lie in wait. _Homme d’—_, knowing fellow. =affûtage=, _n.m._, the mounting of a piece of ordnance; a set of tools, implements; sharpening (of tools); the dressing (of a hat). =affûter=, _v.a._, to mount (a cannon); to stock (with tools); to set or sharpen (tools, pencils). =affutiau= (-tio), _n.m._, trifle, bauble, knick-knack. =afin=, _conj._, to, in order to; that, so that. =afistoler=, _v.a._, to make spruce, to dress up. =à fortiori=. _V._ =fortiori=. =africain=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, African. =africain=, =-e=, _adj._, African. =aga=, _n.m._, a Turkish officer, aga. =agaçant=, =-e=, _adj._, inciting, alluring, enticing; vexing, irritating, provoking, worrying. =agace=, _n.f._, magpie. =agacé=, =-e=, _part._, irritated, worried, set on edge. _Avoir les dents —es_; to have one’s teeth on edge. =agacement= (-mān), _n.m._, setting on edge; irritation. _— des nerfs_; irritation of the nerves. =agacer=, _v.a._, to incite, to provoke, to egg on, to spur on, to irritate, to provoke, to entice, to allure, to set on edge. =agacerie=, _n.f._, allurement, incitement, provocation. _Faire des —s à quelqu’un_; to set one’s cap at any one, to ogle. =agame=, _adj._, (bot.) agamous. =agami=, _n.m._, (orni.) agami, gold-breasted trumpeter. =agape=, _n.f._, agape, love-feast. =agapètes=, _n.m._ and _f.pl._, agapetæ. =agaric=, _n.m._, (bot.) agaric. _— champêtre_; field agaric, mushroom. _— femelle_; female agaric. _— de chêne_; touch-wood. =agasse=, _n.f._ _V._ =agace=. =agate=, _n.f._, agate. _s’_=agatiser=, _v.r._, (Th. Gautier) to become mellow (of a picture). =agavé=, _n.m._, (bot.) agave, American aloe. =âge=, _n.m._, age; years; generation, century. _Bas —_; infancy. _Jeune —_; childhood. _Moyen —_; middle ages. _— moyen_; middle age, average. _— mûr_; mature age. _— tendre_; early age. _Vieil —_; old age. _— viril_; manhood. _— d’airain_; brazen age. _— d’argent_; silver age. _— de fer_; iron age. _— d’or_; golden age. _— de raison_; age of discretion. _Doyen d’—_; the oldest, senior. _Fleur de l’—_; prime of life. _Avant l’—_; before one’s time. _D’— en —_; from age to age, from generation to generation. _D’un certain —_; elderly. _Entre deux —s_; of middle age. _Être d’— à_; to be old enough to. _Être bien pour son —_; to wear well, to bear one’s years well. _Être sur l’—_; to be growing old. _Honoré par l’—_; time-honored. _Paraître son —_; to look one’s age. _Tirer sur l’—_; to be elderly. =âgé=, =-e=, _adj._, aged, in years, elderly. _— de vingt ans_; twenty years old. _Un peu —_; somewhat elderly. =agence=, _n.f._, agency, business. _Bureau d’—_; agency office. =agencement= (-jāns-mān), _n.m._, arrangement, grouping, ordering; (arch.) order, composition; (paint.) disposition. =agencer=, _v.a._, to arrange, to dispose, to fit up, to group. _s’_=agencer=, _v.r._, to dress up, to adorn one’s self. =agenda= (-jin-da), _n.m._, (_—s_) memorandum-book, agenda, diary. *=agenouiller=, _v.a._, to make kneel down, to bring to one’s knees. *_s’_=agenouiller=, _v.r._, to kneel down, (of a horse) to fall on his knees. *=agenouilloir=, _n.m._, hassock, kneeling-stool. =agent=, _n.m.f._, agent; middleman; broker. _— comptable_; accountant. _— d’affaires_; agent, man of business. _— monétaire_; circulating medium. _— de change_; stock-broker. _— de police_; policeman. =agglomération=, _n.f._, agglomeration. =agglomérer=, _v.a._, to agglomerate. _s’_=agglomérer=, _v.r._, to agglomerate. =agglutinant=, =-e=, _adj._, agglutinant, adhesive. =agglutinati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, agglutinative. =agglutination=, _n.f._, agglutination. =agglutiner=, _v.a._, to agglutinate, to unite. _s’_=agglutiner=, _v.r._, to agglutinate, to cohere. =aggravant=, =-e=, _adj._, (jur.) aggravating. =aggravation=, _n.f._, aggravation; addition. _— de peine_; increase of punishment. =aggrave=, _n.m._, (canon law) threat of excommunication; censure, admonition. =aggraver=, _v.a._, to aggravate, to augment, to make worse. _s’_=aggraver=, _v.r._, to increase, to be aggravated. =aggrégat=, =aggrégation=, =aggréger=. _V._ =agrégat=, =agrégation=, =agréger=. =agile=, _adj._, agile, quick, nimble, active, light-footed. =agilement= (-mān), _adv._, nimbly, with agility, quickly. =agilité=, _n.f._, agility, nimbleness, activity, quickness, lightness. =agio=, _n.m._, agio, premium. =agiotage=, _n.m._, stock-jobbing; jobbing. _Faire l’—_; to deal in stocks. =agioter=, _v.n._, to be a stock-jobber; to gamble in the funds, to job. =agioteur=, _n.m._, stock-jobber, jobber. =agir=, _v.n._, to act, to do; to operate, to have an influence; to negotiate, to manage a business; to sue, to prosecute; to behave; to work. _Faire —_; to set going, to bring to bear upon. _— de concert avec quelqu’un_; to go hand in hand with any one. _Il agit en ami_; he acts like a friend. _— mal envers_; to use ill. _— d’après_; to act upon, after. _C’est mal —_; that is behaving ill. _s’_=agir=, _v.r._, to be in question; to be the matter. _Il s’agit_; the question is, the point in question is. _De quoi s’agit-il?_ what is the matter? _Il ne s’agit pas de cela_; that is not the question. _Il s’agit de votre vie_; your life is at stake. _Il s’agit bien de cela_; I, they, we, have something else to think of. =agissant=, =-e=, _adj._, active, stirring, busy; efficacious, effectual. =agitateur=, _n.m._, agitator. =agitation=, _n.f._, agitation; tossing, jolting, shaking; trouble, emotion, disturbance; uneasiness, tumult, restlessness. =agiter=, _v.a._, to agitate, to put in motion, to move, to wave; to shake, to pull, to heave, to jolt; to swing; to disturb, to disquiet, to torment, to debate, to dispute. _— un drapeau_; to wave a flag. _s’_=agiter=, _v.r._, to be agitated or in movement; to get rough; to be restless, disturbed, uneasy; to stir, writhe, wag, struggle; to be debated. _S’— dans l’eau_; to flounder about in the water. =aglomération=, &c. _V._ =agglomération=. =aglutinant=, &c. _V._ =agglutinant=, &c. =agnat=, _n.m._, agnate. =agnation=, _n.f._, agnation. =agnatique=, _adj._, agnatic. *=agneau=, =agnelle=, _n.m.f._, lamb. _Laine d’—_; lamb’s wool. _Peau d’—_; lamb-skin. ☉*=agnel=, _n.m._, an old French golden coin, agnel. *=agneler=, _v.n._, to lamb; to bring forth lambs, to yean. *=agnelet=, _n.m._, lambkin, yeanling. *=agneline=, _adj.f._, of a lamb. _Laine —_; lamb’s-wool, teg-wool. *=agnès= (-ess), _n.f._, a young raw girl, simpleton. =agnus=, _or_ =agnus-Dei=, _n.m._, (_—_) (c.rel.) Agnus-Dei, Lamb of God. =agnus-castus=, _n.m._, (_—_) (bot.) chaste-tree. =agon=, _n.m._, (antiq.) agon, agonism. =agonie=, _n.f._, agony, the pangs of death; grief, trouble, anguish, torture. _Être à l’—_; to be at the point of death. =agonir=, _v.a._, (pop.) to insult grossly, to pull to pieces, to load with abuse. =agonisant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, a dying person; dying, in a dying condition. =agoniser=, _v.n._, to be at the point of death. =agonistique=, _n.f._, (antiq.) agonistics. ☉=agonothète=, _n.m._, agonothete. =agora=, _n.f._, (_—s_) (from Gr. Ἀγορὰ) market-place, public place. =agouti=, _n.m._, (mam.) agouti. =agrafe=, _n.f._, hook, clasp, hasp; (arch.) cramp-iron; sculptured ornament. _— et porte_; hook and eye. =agrafer=, _v.a._, to hook, to clasp, to hasp, to fasten with a clasp. _s’_=agrafer=, _v.r._, to hook, to clasp, to cling, to lay hold on, to be fastened. =agraire=, _adj._, agrarian. =agrandir=, _v.a._, to make greater; to enlarge; to augment; to lengthen, to widen; to raise, to promote, to advance; to amplify, to exaggerate; to give dignity to, to exalt, to promote. _— ses prétentions_; to raise one’s pretensions. _Le génie agrandit les héros_; genius exalts heroes. _s’_=agrandir=, _v.r._, to become greater, larger; to widen, to grow long or longer; to enlarge one’s estate, to become richer, to raise or advance one’s self. =agrandissement= (-mān), _n.m._, enlargement, aggrandizement, improvement; the making greater, larger, bigger; lengthening, widening, increase; advancement, preferment, exaltation, dignifying. =agravant=, &c. _V._ =aggravant=, &c. =agréable=, _adj._, agreeable, desirable, pleasant, pleasing, comfortable, acceptable, gladsome, grateful. _— au goût_; palatable. _Feu —_; comfortable fire. _Avoir pour —_; to allow, permit. _Faire l’— auprès d’une femme_; to be attentive to a lady. =agréablement=, _adv._, agreeably, pleasantly, comfortably, gratefully, gracefully. =agréage=, _n.m._, brokerage. =agréé=, _n.m._, solicitor, attorney (in the tribunals of commerce). =agréer=, _v.a._, to accept, to receive kindly; to like, to relish; to approve, to allow; ☉to rig. (_V._ =gréer=.) _— un vaisseau_; to rig, to equip a ship. =agréer=, _v.n._, to be liked, to like, to please, to be agreeable. _Cela ne m’agrée pas_; I don’t like that, it does not suit me. ☉=agréeur=, _n.m._ _V._ =gréeur=. =agrégat=, _n.m._, aggregate. =agrégati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, aggregative. =agrégation=, _n.f._, aggregate; aggregation; admission (into a society); examination for the degree of fellow; fellowship; aggregate body, assemblage. _Concours d’—_; examination for a fellowship. =agrégé=, _n.m._, fellow (of the university); assistant professor. =agrégé=, =-e=, _adj._, aggregate; (bot.) clustered. =agréger=, _v.a._, to aggregate, to unite, to join, to incorporate, to receive, to admit into a society, to associate. =agrément=, _n.m._, liking, approbation, consent; accomplishment; agreeableness; pleasingness; pleasure, charm; gracefulness; ornament, embellishment; advantage, amusement, comfort; (mus.) grace. _Arts d’—_; accomplishments. _De grands —s_; great comfort. =agrémenter=, _v.a._, to ornament, to trim, to adorn. =agrener=, _v.a._, to feed, (game-birds) to bait. =agrèner=, _v.a._, to pump water out of a boat. =agrès=, _n.m.pl._, rigging. =agresseur=, _n.m._, aggressor. =agressi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, aggressive. =agression=, _n.f._, aggression. =agressivité=, _n.f._, aggressiveness. =agreste=, _adj._, agrestic, wild, rustic; ill-bred, clownish, unmannerly. =agricole=, _adj._, agricultural. =agriculteur=, _n.m._, agriculturist, husbandman, farmer. =agriculture=, _n.f._, agriculture, husbandry, tillage. _s’_=agriffer=, _v.r._, to cling to with claws, to lay hold of. =agriministe=, _n.m._, trimming maker. =agrion=, _n.m._, dragon-fly. =agripaume=, _n.f._, (bot.) mother-wort. =agripper=, _v.a._, (pop.) to gripe, to snatch up. _s’_=agripper=, _v.r._, (pop.) to lay hold of, to cling to. =agronome=, _n.m._, agriculturist. =agronomie=, _n.f._, agronomy. =agronomique=, _adj._, agricultural. =agrostemme=, _n.m._, (bot.) agrostemma. _— des jardins_; rose-campion, corn-cockle. =agrostide=, _n.f._, (bot.) bent-grass. =agrouper=, _v.a._, to group. =aguerri=, =-e=, (-ghè-) _part._, inured to war; disciplined. _Soldats mal —s_; raw soldiers. =aguerrir= (-ghè-), _v.a._, to train up in, to inure to the hardships of war, to discipline, to accustom to war; to accustom, to inure, to use. _s’_=aguerrir=, _v.r._, to grow warlike or martial; to accustom one’s self to a thing, to be inured. =aguets= (-ghè-), _n.m.pl._, watch, watching. _Être aux —_, _se tenir aux —_; to lie in wait, to be upon the watch. =agueustie= (-gheus-tî), _n.f._, (med.) loss of taste. =agui=, _n.m._, (nav.) sling, bowline, knot. =ah=, _int._, ah! hah! oh! _— ça_; now, then! =ahan=, _n.m._, great bodily exertion, effort. _Suer d’—_; to perform hard work, to toil and moil. =ahaner=, _v.n._, to groan, sigh, pant; to toil and moil. =aheurtement=, _n.m._, stubbornness, obstinacy. _s’_=aheurter=, _v.r._, to maintain a thing obstinately, to be obstinately bent upon a thing, to stick to it, to persist in. _— à une opinion_; to be wedded to an opinion. =ahi=, _int._ _V._ =aïe=. =ahurir=, _v.a._, to amaze, to astound, to strike all of a heap, to bewilder. =ahurissement=, _n.m._, bewilderment, confusion, perplexity. =aï=, _n.m._, (mam.) three-toed sloth. =aide=, _n.f._, aid, help, relief, assistance, succor, support; chapel of ease; (man.) aid, coaxing; aid; female assistant. _pl._, subsidies, excise (taxes). _À l’—!_ help! _À l’— de_; with the help of. _Dieu vous soit en —!_ God help you! =aide=, _n.m._, helper, assistant, mate, help, coadjutor. _— major_ (_—s —s_); assistant surgeon, (_formerly_) adjutant. _— chirurgien_ (_—s —s_); assistant surgeon. _— de cuisine_ (_—s de cuisine_); under cook. _— de camp_ (_—s de camp_); aide-de-camp. =aider=, _v.a._, to aid, to help, to relieve, to assist, to succour. _— à descendre_, _à surmonter_, _à relever_; to help down, over, up. =aider=, _v.n._, to aid, to help, to assist, to succor, relieve. _— à la lettre_; to add to the matter, complete the sense. _— au succès_; to contribute to the success. _s’_=aider=, _v.r._, to help one another, to use, to make use of; to bestir one’s self; to help one’s self, avail one’s self. _On s’aide de ce qu’on a_; people make use of what they have. _— l’un l’autre_; to help one another. =aides=, _n.f.pl._, (man.) aids. =aïe=, _int._, ay! oh! ah! oh dear! =aïeul=, _n.m._, grandfather, grandsire. =aïeule=, _n.f._, grandmother, grandam. =aïeux=, _n.m.pl._, forefathers, ancestors. =aigle=, _n.m._, eagle; star (noted person); reading-desk, lectern (in churches); (astron.) Aquila, Eagle. _À vol d’—_; eagle-winged. _Aux yeux d’—_; eagle-eyed. =aigle=, _n.f._, she-eagle; (her.) eagle; eagle standard. =aiglefin=, _n.m._, haddock. =aiglette=, _n.f._ _V._ =aiglon=. =aiglon=, _n.m._, eaglet, a young eagle; (her.) eaglet. =aigre=, _n.m._, sourness; rawness; sharpness; mustiness. =aigre=, _adj._, sour, tart, sharp, bitter; crabbed; ill-natured; rough, harsh; eager, brittle; shrill; musty. _Voix —_; harsh, shrill voice. _Paroles —s_; sharp words. =aigre-dou-x=, =-ce=, _adj._, bitterish, sourish. =aigrefin=, _n.m._, sharper. =aigrelet=, =-te=, _adj._, sourish, tartish. =aigrement=, _adv._, acrimoniously, sourly, sharply, bitterly, roughly, harshly. =aigremoine=, _n.f._, (bot.) agrimony, liverwort. =aigremore=, _n.m._, aigremore. =aigret=, =-te=, _adj._, sourish, tartish. =aigrette= _n.f._, egret, aigret; aigrette, tuft, or plume (of feathers, diamonds); (bot.) egret, (milit.) tuft; horn (of the owl); crest (of the peacock). =aigretté=, =-e=, _adj._, with an egret, tufted, crested. =aigreur=, _n.f._, sourness, sharpness, tartness, harshness, bitterness; surliness; ill-nature, grudge, spite; _pl._, (med.) acidity of stomach, heartburn, water-brash; (engrav.) harsh strokes, hatches made too hard. =aigrir=, _v.a._, to make sour or sharp, to sour, to turn sour; to irritate, to embitter, to make worse; to incense, to provoke; to make ill-humored. _Sa disgrâce lui a aigri l’esprit_; his disgrace has soured his temper. _s’_=aigrir=, _v.r._, to turn sour, to grow sour or sharp; to grow worse, to be exasperated. _Son mal s’aigrit_; his disease gets worse. =aigrissement=, _n.m._, souring, irritation, bitterness. =aigu=, =-ë=, _adj._, pointed, that has a sharp point; sharp, keen, acute, piercing. _Son —_; sharp, shrill sound. _Douleur —ë_; acute pain. _Faire un son —_; to utter a shrill cry. =aiguade= (-gad), _n.f._, (nav.) fresh water; watering-place. _Faire —_; to take in fresh water. =aiguail= (-ga-), _n.m._, or =aiguaille=, _n.f._, (hunt.) dewdrop; morning dew. =aiguayer= (-gay-), _v.a._, to water (a horse); to rinse (clothes). =aigue-marine=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_), aqua-marina, beryl. =aiguichant=, =-e=, _adj._, enticing. =aiguière= (-ghièr), _n.f._, ewer. =aiguiérée= (-ghié-), _n.f._, ewer-full. *=aiguillade=, _n.f._, goad. *=aiguillage=, _n.m._, (railways) the shifting of the points, shunting. *=aiguillat=, _n.m._, (ich.) dog-fish. *=aiguille=, _n.f._, needle; hand (of a dial, or watch, &c.); cock (balance); spindle (of a compass); spire (of a steeple); (ich.) hornfish, needle-fish; (railways) point. _— d’emballeur_; packing-needle. _— à tricoter_; knitting-needle. _— à reprises_; darning-needle. _—s à contre-poids_; self-acting points (rail.). _Trou d’une —_; eye of a needle. _Ouvrage à l’—_; needlework. _— aimantée_; magnetic needle. _Disputer sur la pointe d’une —_; to quarrel about straws. _Enfiler une —_; to thread a needle. *=aiguillée=, _n.f._, needleful. *=aiguiller=, _v.a._, (surg.) to couch (a cataract); (rail.) to shift the points. *=aiguilletage=, _n.m._, tagging, (nav.) seizing. *=aiguilleter=, _v.a._, (nav.) to trap, to seize, to mouse. _— les canons_; to lash the guns. =aiguilletier=, _n.m._, tagger, tag-maker. *=aiguillette=, _n.f._, aglet, point; shoulder-knot; slice (of flesh, skin); (nav.) knittle, tricing-line, laniard. _Le ferret de l’—_; the tag of a point. =aiguilleur=, _n.m._, (rail.) pointsman, switcher. *=aiguillier=, _n.m._, needle-case, book. _V._ =étui=. *=aiguillier=, _n.m._, needle-maker. =aiguillière=, _n.f._, garfish-net, net for catching hornfish; needle-maker. *=aiguillon=, _n.m._, goad, spur, incentive, incitement, encouragement, stimulus, motive; sting (of insects, serpents); (bot.) prickle, stimulus. _Briser l’— de_; to take the sting out of. *=aiguillonner=, _v.a._, to goad, to prick; to incite, to spur on, to stimulate. *=aiguillot=, _n.m._, (nav.) pintle. =aiguisé=, =-e=, _part._, whetted, sharpened. _Une croix aiguisée_; (her.) a pointed cross. =aiguisement= (-mān), _n.m._, whetting, sharpening. =aiguiser=, _v.a._, to whet, to sharpen, to make sharp; to set an edge on; to point. _— l’appétit_; to sharpen the appetite. _— une épigramme_; to give point to an epigram. _— ses couteaux_; to prepare for battle. _— ses dents_; to prepare to eat heartily. =aiguiseur=, _n.m._, knife-grinder, sharpener (_pers._) *=ail=, _n.m._, (ails), (aulx) (ô), garlic. _— stérile_; eschalot. _Une tête d’—_, _une gousse d’—_; a clove of garlic. =ailante=, _n.m._, (bot.) ailanthus. =aile=, _n.f._, wing, pinion; van, fan; wing (of an army, building); aisle (of churches); fly (horol.); rung (of ships). _Avoir les —s rapides_; to be swift-winged. _À tire d’—_; at a single flight. _En avoir dans l’—_; to be smitten, to be in love. _Il en a dans l’—_; there is a screw loose somewhere. _Frapper à l’—_; to wing. _Couper le bout de l’—_; to pinion. _Être sur l’—_; to be on the wing. _Battre des —s_; to clap the wings. _Trémousser des —s_; to flutter. _Rogner les —s à quelqu’un_; to clip a person’s wings. _Voler de ses propres —s_; to be able to do without the help of others; to stand on one’s own legs. _Vouloir voler sans avoir des —s_; to undertake a thing beyond one’s strength. _Ne battre plus que d’une —_; to be on one’s last legs. _Tirer de l’—_; to make wing. _Tirer pied ou — de_; to get something out of (a thing), to make the most of (a thing). _— de moulin_; wind-sail. =ailé=, =-e=, _adj._, winged. *=aileron=, _n.m._, small wing; pinion; fin (of some fish); float-board (of a water-wheel); (arch.) scroll. =ailette=, _n.f._, side-piece, side-lining of a shoe; small wing (of a building); flange (motor). *=aillade=, _n.f._, garlic sauce. *=ailleurs=, _adv._, elsewhere, somewhere else, _D’—_; from another reason, cause; on another account; besides, moreover, in other respects; after all, in addition to which. =aimable=, _adj._, amiable, lovable, lovely, agreeable, worthy to be loved. _Un caractère —_; an amiable temperament. =aimablement=, _adv._, in an amiable manner, amiably. =aimant=, =-e=, _adj._, loving, affectionate. =aimant=, _n.m._, loadstone, magnet. _La déclinaison de l’—_; the variation of the compass. =aimanté=, =-e=, _adj._, magnetic. =aimanter=, _v.a._, to rub or touch with a loadstone, to magnetize. =aimé=, =-e=, _adj._, loved, beloved. =aimer=, _v.a._, to love, to be fond of, to have a passion for; to be in love with; to like, to fancy, to have a fancy for, to admire, to delight in, to have an inclination for. _Il aime à monter à cheval_; he delights in riding. _Il aime sa personne_; he loves his own dear self. _Aimez qu’on vous conseille, et non pas qu’on vous loue_; love to be advised, not to be praised. _— mieux_; to prefer, to like better. _— passionnément_; to be passionately fond of. _— à l’idolâtrie_; to idolize. _Se faire —_; to endear one’s self to. _Qui aime bien, châtie bien_; he chasteneth that loveth well. _Qui m’aime aime mon chien_; love me, love my dog. _s’_=aimer=, _v.r._, to love one’s self. _S’— les uns les autres_; to love one another. =aimez-moi=, _n.f._, marsh scorpion-grass. _V._ =myosotis=. =ain=, _n.m._, woollen thread; the number of threads contained in a given space. =aine=, _n.f._, groin; herring-stick. =aîné=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, elder, senior. =aîné=, =-e=, _adj._, eldest, elder, the eldest son or daughter; senior. =aînesse=, _n.f._, primogeniture. _Droit d’—_; birthright. =ainsi=, _adv._, thus, so, in this, that, manner. _Je suis — fait_; that’s my temper. _Le monde est —_; such is the world. _— du reste_; and so forth. _Il en est — des autres passions_; thus it is with the other passions. _— soit-il_; amen, so be it. _— va le monde_; so the world goes. _S’il en est —_; if such is the case. =ainsi=, _conj._, thus, therefore, so that. _— que_, _tout — que_; as, as well as, even as, in the same way as. _Cela s’est passé — que je vous l’ai dit_; that happened in the way I told you. =air=, _n.m._, air, wind; look, appearance, countenance, deportment; aspect; (mus.) tune; (chem., man., paint., sculp.) air. _— abattu_; downcast look. _— chagrin_; sorrowful look. _— éveillé_; sharp look. _— farouche_; forbidding look. _Faire des châteaux en l’—_; to build castles in the air. _Un coup d’—_; a cold chill. _Prendre l’—_; to take the air. _Donner de l’— à une chambre_; to let the air into, to ventilate, a room. _Chasser l’— renfermé_; to let out the confined air. _En plein —_; in the open air. _Se tenir entre deux —s_; to be in a draught. _Il ne fait point d’—_; there is not the least breath of wind. _Être en l’—_; to be in a flutter. _Paroles en l’—_; empty, idle, words. _Parler en l’—_; to talk wildly. _Il forme des desseins en l’—_; he forms extravagant designs. _Il a tiré son coup en l’—_; he has miscarried. _Prendre l’— du bureau_; to go and see how matters stand. _Faire prendre l’—_; to give an airing to. _Les gens du bel —_; gentle folks, fashionable people. _Un homme de méchant —_; an ill-looking man. _Un homme du grand —_; a man of rank, of quality. _Avoir l’— de_; to look like. _Avoir l’— bien portant_; to look well. _Lancer en l’—_; to toss (of horned cattle). _Avoir l’— bon_, _l’— mauvais_; to look good-natured, ill-natured. _Prendre un — riant_; to put on a smiling countenance. _Prendre un — de feu_; to warm one’s self. _Rempli d’— vicié_; filled with foul air. _Cela a l’— grand_; that looks grand. _Elle n’a pas l’— spirituel_; she doesn’t look sprightly. _Elle a l’— bien étourdi_; she looks very giddy. _Il n’a pas l’— content_; he doesn’t seem pleased. _Prendre des —s_, _se donner des —s_; to give one’s self airs. _Prendre des —s de bel esprit_; to set up for a wit. _Un — de famille_; a family likeness. _Air de tête_ (paint.); the attitude of the head. _Un — gai_, _triste_; a lively, dull, tune. _Faire un — sur des paroles_; to set words to music. _Jouer un — rapide_; to play a flourish. _Ce cheval va à tout —_; this horse has all his paces. =airain=, _n.m._, brass. _L’âge d’—_; the brazen age. _Avoir un front d’—_; to have a brazen face, to blush at nothing. _Avoir des entrailles d’—_; to have a heart of stone. =aire=, _n.f._, area, barn-floor, threshing-floor; aerie (of a bird of prey); (of ships) impetus, headway. _L’— d’un bâtiment_; (arch.) the area of a building. _— de plancher_; superficies of a floor. _L’— d’un triangle_; (geom.) the area or inside of a triangle. _Une — de vent_; (nav.) a point of the compass. =airée=, _n.f._, the lot of wheat, &c., lying on a barn-floor; batch of dough. =airelle=, _n.f._, whortleberry, bilberry. =airer=, _v.n._, to make its aerie or nest. =ais= (ê), _n.m._, board, shelf, plank; (print.) wetting-board; butcher’s block. =aisance=, _n.f._, ease, freedom, easiness, affluence; the comforts or conveniences of life. _—s_, _pl._, water-closet. _Il fait tout avec —_; he does everything with ease. _Avoir de l’— dans les manières_; to have an easy deportment. _Être dans l’—_; to be in easy circumstances. _Cabinet d’—s_, _lieux d’—s_; water-closet. _Fosse d’—s_; cess-pool. =aise=, _n.f._, gladness, joy, content; ease, comfort, conveniency. _À l’—_; easily; comfortable. _Se pâmer d’—_; to be overjoyed. _Tressaillir d’—_; to leap for joy. _Elle ne se sent pas d’—_; she is beside herself for joy. _Être à son —_; to be well off. _Mettre quelqu’un à son —_; to put at ease, to reassure any one. _Vous en parlez bien à votre —_; it is easy for you to say so. _N’en prendre qu’à son —_; to do only what pleases one, to take it easy. _Se sentir mal à l’—_; to feel uncomfortable. _Aimer ses —s_; to love one’s ease. _On n’a pas toutes ses —s en ce monde_; we cannot have all we wish for in this world. =aise=, _adj._, glad, joyful, well pleased. _Je suis bien — de vous voir_; I am very glad to see you. =aisé=, =-e=, _adj._, easy, convenient, commodious; in easy circumstances. _Cela est — à dire_; it is an easy thing to say. _Un homme — à vivre_; an easy, good-natured man. _Des souliers —s_; comfortable shoes. _Un air —_; an easy deportment. _Un style —_; a free, lucid, easy style. _Il est fort —_; he is in very easy circumstances. =aisément=, _adv._, easily, readily, commodiously, freely, comfortably. =aisselle=, _n.f._, arm-pit; (anat., bot.) axil, axilla. =aitiologie=. _V._ =étiologie=. =ajointer=, _v.a._, to join end to end, to fit. =ajonc=, _n.m._, furze, thorn-broom, gorse, whin. =ajournement=, _n.m._, adjournment, postponement; (jur.) summons. =ajourner=, _v.a._, to adjourn, to put off; (jur.) to summon. =ajourner=, _v.n._, _s’_=ajourner=, _v.r._, to adjourn, to be adjourned, to put off, to defer, to summons. =ajoutage=, _n.m._, piece joined on. =ajouter=, _v.a._, to add, to join, to put to, to tag, to subjoin, to supply, to interpolate. _Ce passage a été ajouté à ce livre_; this passage is an interpolation. _— foi à quelque chose_; to give credit to a thing. =ajoutoir=. _V._ =ajoutage=, =ajutage=. =ajustage=, _n.m._, adjusting, or giving the legal weight to a coin. =ajusté=, =-e=, _part._, adjusted, fitted, accommodated, dressed. _Un style bien —_; a very elaborate style. _Comme vous voilà —!_ what a figure you cut. =ajustement=, _n.m._, adjustment, adjusting, fitting, regulation, settlement; laying out; attire, garb, apparel, dress, garment; accommodation, agreement, reconciliation. _L’— d’un poids_; the adjusting of a weight. _L’— d’une machine_; the regulating a machine. _Elle n’est pas belle, elle a besoin d’—_; she is not handsome, she needs dress or adornment. =ajuster=, _v.a._, to adjust, to regulate, to square, to size, to tally; to aim, to take aim at, to aim at; to fit, to adapt, to set in order, to accommodate; to trim, to bedeck, to dress. _— un lièvre_; to take aim at a hare. _— de nouveau_; to recompose. _— ses cheveux_; to put one’s hair in order. _— deux personnes_; to reconcile two people, to make them agree. _— un différend_; to reconcile a différence. _Ajustez vos flûtes_; understand one another. _On l’a bien ajusté_; they have given it him well. _— des passages d’un livre_; to make passages of a book agree. _s’_=ajuster=, _v.r._, to prepare one’s self, to get one’s self ready; to dress, to deck, one’s self out; to agree, to take measures, to concert together. =ajusteur=, _n.m._, weigher at the mint, fitter, sizer. =ajustoir=, _n.m._, a pair of scales (used in the mint); assay scales. =ajutage=, =ajutoir=, _n.m._, adjutage, a tube or pipe (for water-works). =alacrité=, _n.f._, alacrity. =alambic=, _n.m._, alembic, still. _Faire passer par l’—_; to distill, to draw by distillation. _Passer par l’—_; to undergo a careful examination. =alambiqué=, =-e=, _part._, far-fetched, too subtle, too refined, fine-spun, wire-drawn. _Cette pensée est trop —e_; that thought is too refined. =alambiquer=, _v.a._, to puzzle, to refine too much upon. _S’— l’esprit sur quelque chose_; to beat, puzzle one’s brains about a thing, to pore over it. =alanguir= (-ghir), _v.a._, to enfeeble, to make languid. _s’_=alanguir=, _v.r._, to languish, to flag, to become languid. =alarguer= (-ghé), _v.n._, (nav.) to bear off, to put to sea, to sheer off. =alarmant=, =-e=, _adj._, alarming, dreadful. =alarme=, _n.f._, alarm, sudden fear, fright. _Sonner l’—_, _donner l’—_; to sound, to give the alarm. _Cloche d’—_; alarm-bell. _Fausse —_; false alarm. _Donner des —s_; to cause uneasiness to. _Porter l’— dans_; to alarm. _L’— est au camp_; they are in a great fright. _Tenir en —_; to keep in constant fear. =alarmer=, _v.a._, to alarm, to raise an alarm, to startle. _s’_=alarmer=, _v.r._, to take alarm, to be alarmed. _Ne vous alarmez point_; don’t frighten yourself. =alarmiste=, _n.m.f._, alarmist. =alaterne=, _n.m._, species of buck-thorn; alatern. =albâtre=, _n.m._, alabaster, whiteness. _D’—_; of alabaster, snowy white. =albatros=, _n.m._, (orni.) albatross. =alberge=, _n.f._, a small forward peach. =albergier=, _n.m._, an alberge-tree. =albigeois=, _n.m.pl._, Albigenses. =albinos=, _n.m._, albino. =albion=, _n.f._, Albion (England). =albran=. _V._ =halbran=. =albuginé=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) albugineous. =albugineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (anat.) albugineous, whitish. =albugo=, _n.m._, (med.) albugo. =album= (-bom), _n.m._, album, scrap-book, sketch-book. =albumine=, _n.f._, albumen, white (of an egg). =albumineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, albuminous. =alcade=, _n.m._, Spanish alcaid, alcade. =alcaïque=, _adj._, alcaic. _Vers —s_; alcaic verses. =alcalescence=, _n.f._, alkalescence. =alcalescent=, =-e=, _adj._, alkalescent. =alcali=, _n.m._, alkali. =alcalimètre=, _n.m._, alkalimeter. =alcalin=, =-e=, _adj._, alkaline. =alcalisation=, _n._, alkalization. =alcaliser=, _v.a._, (chem.) to alkalize. =alcaloïde=, _n.m._, (chem.) alkaloid. =alcantara=, _n.m._, a Spanish military order. =alcarraza=, _n.m._, water-cooler. =alcazar=, _n.m._, alcazar (Moorish palace). =alcée=, _n.f._, hollyhock. =alchimie=, _n.f._, alchemy. *=alchimille=, _n.f._, (bot.) lady’s mantle. =alchimique=, _adj._, alchymical. =alchimiste=, _n.m._, alchymist. =alcool=, _n.m._, alcohol. =alcoolique=, _adj._, alcoholic. =alcoolisation=, _n.f._, alcoholization. =alcooliser=, _v.a._, to alcoholize. =alcoolisme=, _n.m._, (med.) alcoholism. =alcoran=, _n.m._, Koran. =alcôve=, _n.f._, alcove, recess. =alcyon=, _n.m._, halcyon, kingfisher. =alcyonien=, =-ne=, (-in, -è-n), _adj._, halcyon. =aldébaran=, _n.m._, (astron.) Aldebaran. =alderman=, _n.m._, alderman. =aléatoire=, _adj._, (jur.) eventual, aleatory, contingent. =alêne=, _n.f._, awl. _Feuilles en —_; acuminated leaves; (pisc.) sharp-nosed skate. =alénier=, _n.m._, awl-maker. =alentir=, _s’_=alentir=. _V._ =ralentir= and _se_ =ralentir=. =alénois=, _n.m._, common garden cress. =alentour=, _adv._, about, around, round about. _Les bois d’—_; the neighboring, surrounding woods. =alentours=, _n.m.pl._, the neighboring grounds; environs, neighborhood; persons about, around one; associates, familiars. =alépine=, _n.f._, bombazine. =alérion=, _n.m._, (her.) eaglet without beak or feet. =alerte=, _n.f._, alarm, warning. _En —_; on the alert. =alerte=, _adj._, alert, vigilant, watchful; active, stirring, quick, sprightly, brisk, lively, agile. =alerte=, _int._, take care, be quick; up! =alésage=, _n.m._, (tech.) boring, drilling. =aléser=, _v.a._, (tech.) to hammer planchets; to drill, bore. _— un canon_; to bore a cannon. =alésoir=, _n.m._, borer (instrument). =alevin= (-vin), _n.m._, fry, young fish. =alevinage=, _n.m._, small fry. =aleviner= (-né), _v.a._, to stock with fry. =alevinier= (-nié), _n.m._, breeding-pond. =alexandrien=, =-ne=, _adj._, Alexandrian. =alexandrin=, _n.m._, (poet.) alexandrine. =alexandrin=, =-e=, _adj._, alexandrine. =alezan= (-zān), _n.m._, chestnut horse. =alezan=, =-e=, (-zān, -za-n), _adj._, chestnut. =alèze=, _n.f._, sheet (placed under sick persons); draw-sheet; withe. =alfa=, _n.m._, (bot.) an African plant; alfa-grass. =alfange=, _n.f._, scimiter, phalanx, battalion (Chinese, Tartar). _V._ =cimeterre=. =algalie=, _n.f._, (surg.) catheter. =alganon=, _n.m._, a chain for galley-slaves. =algarade=, _n.f._, (fam.) insult, affront; rating; blowing up; attack. _Faire une —_; to insult, to rate any one; to blow any one up. =algèbre=, _n.f._, algebra. =algébrique=, _adj._, algebraical. =algébriquement=, _adv._, algebraically. =algébriste=, _n.m._, algebraist. =algide=, _adj._, (med.) cold as ice, algid. =algor=, _n.m._, (med.) algor. =algorithme=, _n.m._, algorithm. =alguazil= (-goua-zil), (_—s_) _n.m._, alguazil. =algue=, _n.f._, alga, sea-weed, sea-wrack grass. =alibi=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (jur.) alibi. =alibiforain=, _n.m._, (fam. l.u.) irrelevant, rambling answer; evasion, shuffling, prevarication. =alibile=, _adj._, (med.) alible. =aliboron=, _n.m._, jackass, a self-conceited fellow. _Maître —_; ass. =aliboutier=, _n.m._, a fragrant resin, storax. =alidade=, _n.f._, alidade, the index of any surveying instrument, such as a quadrant, sextant, &c. =aliénable=, _adj._, alienable, transferable. =aliénataire=, _n.m._, alienee. =aliénat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, alienator. =aliénation=, _n.f._, a legal conveyance of property to another, alienation, transfer; alienation (of the mind). _— mentale_; mental derangement, madness. =aliéné=, =-e=, _n._, lunatic, maniac. _Hospice pour les —s_; lunatic asylum. _Maison d’—s_; mad-house. =aliéné=, =-e=, _adj._, (of property) alienated, transferred to another; (affections) estranged, withdrawn; (of the mind) deranged, mad. =aliéner=, _v.a._, to alienate, to give away, to part with, to make over, to deliver up the possession or right of. _— les affections_, _les cœurs_, _les esprits_; to alienate, to estrange, to disaffect, to lose the affection. _Il a aliéné les esprits_; he has disaffected all minds. _— l’esprit à quelqu’un_; to drive one mad. _S’—_, _v.r._, to lose, to estrange; to be lost; to be alienated; to become deranged. *=aligné=, =-e=, _part._, in line; laid out in a line; that stands in a right line; formed in line. *=alignement=, _n.m._, laying out by a line; line; (milit.) dressing; (print.) ranging. _Cette maison sort de l’—_; that house stands out of the row. _Rentrer dans l’—_; to fall into line. _Prendre l’—_; to trace the line of. _—!_ (milit.) dress! *=aligner=, _v.a._, to lay out by a line; to square; to put in a straight line; (milit.) to dress; (print.) to range. _— des troupes_; to form troops in a line. _— ses phrases_; to square one’s sentences. _— un compte_ (com.); to balance an account. _s’_=aligner=, _v.r._, (milit.) to dress; (pop.) to have a set to, to fight. =aliment=, _n.m._, food, aliment, nourishment, meat, nutriment, nutrition; fuel; (jur.) allowance. =aliments=, _n.m.pl._, (jur.) alimony, maintenance. =alimentaire=, _adj._, alimentary; alimental. _Pension —_; alimony, maintenance. _Régime —_; diet. _Pompe —_; feed-pump, donkey engine. =alimentation=, _n.f._, alimentation; feeding. =alimenter=, _v.a._, to feed, to nourish; to maintain; to supply with what is necessary, to furnish; to fuel, to keep up. _Le marché ne fournit pas de quoi — la ville_; the market does not furnish enough to supply the town. =alimenteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) nutritive, alimentary, alimental. =alinéa=, _n.m._, (_—s_), new paragraph, break. =aliquante=, _adj._, (math.) aliquant. =aliquote=, _adj._, (math.) aliquot. =alise=, _n.f._, beam-berry, wild-sorb, chess-apple. =alisier=, _n.m._, service-tree, beam-tree. =alité=, =-e=, _part._, bedridden, laid up. =aliter=, _v.a._, to confine to one’s bed. _s’_=aliter=, _v.r._, to keep one’s bed, to be bedridden, to take to one’s bed. =alizari=, _n.m._, madder-root. =alize=, _adj._, (nav.). _Vents —s_; trade-winds. =alizé=, _n.f._ _V._ =alise=. =alizier=, _n.m._ _V._ =alisier=. =alkali=, &c. _V._ =alcali=, &c. =alkékenge=, _n.m._, winter-cherry. =alkermès= (-ess), _n.m._, alkermes. =allah= (al-la), _n.m._, Alla, Allah. =allaitement= (-lèt-mān), _n.m._, lactation, nursing, suckling. =allaiter=, _v.a._, to suckle, to give suck, to nurse. =allant=, _n.m._, goer. _— et venants_; goers and comers. =allant=, =-e=, _adj._, stirring, bustling, fond of going about. =allantoïde=, _n.f._, (anat.) allantois. =allèchement=, _n.m._, allurement, enticement, bait. =allécher=, _v.a._, to allure, to entice, to attract. =allée=, _n.f._, going; passage, entry, alley; lane; walk. _Une — couverte_; a shady walk. _Faire des —s et venues_; to go in and out, to and fro. =allégation= (al-lé-), _n.f._, citation, quotation, allégation. =allège=, _n.f._, lighter, tender; (arch.) window basement, sill of the window; (rail.) tender. _Frais d’—_; (com.) lighterage. =allégeance= (al-lé-jan-s), _n.f._, (l.u.) allegiance. _Serment d’—_; oath of allegiance. =allégeance=, _n.f._, alleviation, relief. =allégement= (al-léj-mān), _n.m._, alleviation, ease, relief. =alléger= (al-lé-jé), _v.a._, to ease, to disburden, to lighten, to unload (a boat); to alleviate, to soften, to relieve, to assuage pain or grief; (nav.) to buoy up. =allégir=, _v.a._, to lighten, to reduce. =allégorie= (al-lé-), _n.f._, allegory. _Par —_; allegorically. =allégorique= (al-lé-), _adj._, allegoric, allegorical. =allégoriquement= (-mān), _adv._, allegorically. =allégoriser= (al-lé-), _v.a._, to allegorize. =allégoriseur= (al-lé-), _n.m._, allegorizer. =allégoriste= (al-lé-), _n.m._, allegorist. =allègre= (al-lègr), _adj._, brisk, nimble, sprightly, jolly, cheerful. =allègrement=, _adv._, briskly, joyfully, merrily, joyously. =allégresse=, _n.f._, mirth, cheerfulness, gladness, joy, gaiety, sprightliness, alacrity, glee, joyfulness. _Cris d’—_; shouts of gladness; huzzas. =allégretto= (al-lé-grèt-to), _adv._ and _n.m._, (_—s_) (mus.) allegretto. =allégro= (al-lé-), _adv._ and _n.m._, (_—s_) (mus.) allegro. =alléguer= (al-lé-ghé), _v.a._, to allege; to quote, to bring in, to cite, to plead, to produce, to advance, to urge. =alléluia=, _n.m._, hallelujah; (bot.) wood-sorrel. =allemand=, =-e= (-mān, -mānd), _adj._, German. _Une querelle d’—_; a groundless quarrel. =allemand=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, German. =allemande=, _n.f._, allemande, a dance. =aller=, _n.m._, going, course of time, run; (nav.) outward voyage. _— et retour_; voyage out and in. _Billet d’— et retour_; return ticket. _Au long —_; in the long run. _Avoir l’— pour le venir_; to lose one’s time and trouble. _Au pis —_; at the worst. _C’est votre pis —_; it’s your last shift. =aller= (allant, allé), _v.n._, to go, to be going; to move, to be in motion or movement; to depart, to repair, to resort; to reach, to come, to lead, to end; to do; to be; to go forward, to go on; to succeed; to amount; to act; to proceed; to go about; to tend, to aim; to arrive; to lay; to stake; to play; to go to the water-closet; to work; to chance; to fit, to become, to be matched; to sail. _— au marché_; to go to market. _Allez en paix_; depart in peace. _Allez au diable_; go to the devil. _— croissant_; to go on increasing. _La carte va à dix francs_; the bill amounts to ten francs. _Faire —_; to make go, to set going. _— à pied_; to go on foot. _— à cheval_; to go on horseback, to ride. _— en voiture_; to ride in a carriage, to drive. _— au pas_; at a walking pace. _— au trot_; to trot. _— au galop_; to gallop. _— au petit galop_; to canter. _— son train_; to keep on, to take one’s own course. _— bon train_; to go on at a good round pace, to get on well. _— à tâtons_; to grope along. _— au devant de quelqu’un_, _à la rencontre de quelqu’un_; to go and meet any one. _— çà et là_; to ramble, roam about. _Ne faire qu’— et venir_; to do nothing but run backwards and forwards. _Je ne ferai qu’— et venir_; I will not stay; I shall be back again directly. _Ma montre ne va pas_; my watch does not go. _Va vite_; go quickly. _Allant à_; (nav.) bound for. _Cela vous va_; that suits you. _Allons donc_; come now; nonsense! _Allez_, _va_; be gone; be off. _Ils vont venir_; they will come presently. _— se promener_; to go for a walk. _Allez vous promener_; go about your business. _La rivière va serpentant_; the river winds about. _— aux informations_, _aux renseignements_; to make inquiries. _— aux voix_; to put to the vote. _— aux provisions_; to go marketing. _Ce vase va au feu_; this jug stands the fire. _— de pair_; to be equal. _— de pair à compagnon avec quelqu’un_; to be cheek by jowl with any one. _Ce chemin va à l’église_; this way leads to church. _La montagne va jusqu’aux nues_; the mountain reaches to the clouds. _— de mal en pis_; to go from bad to worse. _Comment va la santé?_ how is your health? _Comment cela va-t-il?_ how are you? _Sa santé va de mieux en mieux_; his health is better and better. _Comment allez-vous?_ how do you do? _Tout va bien_; all is well. _Cet homme ira loin_; that man will distinguish himself. _Le feu ne va pas bien_; the fire does not burn well. _Nos affaires vont mal_; our affairs are in a bad way. _Le commerce ne va plus_; trade is at a standstill. _Cela ne va pas mal_; things are in a fair way. _Votre habit vous va mal_; your coat doesn’t fit you. _Ces deux couleurs-là vont bien ensemble_; those two colors are well matched. _Il y va de bonne foi_; he acts sincerely. _Y — rondement_; to act frankly, openly. _Tous mes désirs vont là_; all my wishes tend that way. _C’est un adroit qui va à ses fins_; he is a cunning fellow, he pushes his point. _— à la gloire_; to aim at glory. _Est-ce ainsi que vous y allez?_ is this your way? _Tudieu! comme vous y allez_; egad! you go on at a fine rate. _De combien allez-vous?_ how much do you stake? _Va pour du vin!_ (fam.) well, let us have some wine. _Allons, mes amis, courage_; come, my friends, cheer up, take courage. _Allez, n’avez-vous point de honte?_ fie, are you not ashamed? _Allez, je veux m’employer pour vous_; take heart, I’ll interest myself on your behalf. _Voyez où j’en serais, si elle allait croire cela_; see what a plight I should be in, if she should chance to believe that. _— toujours_; to keep on, (b.s.) to rattle on, blunder on. _Allez toujours_; go it. _Se laisser aller_; to yield, to give way, to abandon one’s self to a thing. _Se laisser — à la tentation_; to yield to temptation. _Se laisser — à la douleur_; to give one’s self up to grief. _Laisser —_; to release, to let go. _Quand il devrait y — de tout mon bien_; though my whole fortune were at stake. _Songez qu’il y va de votre honneur_; reflect that your honor is at stake. _Il y allait de la vie_; it was a question of life or death. _Quand il y irait de ma vie_; although my life were at stake. _Il en va_, _il en ira_; it is, it will be. _Il en va de cette affaire-là comme de l’autre_; it is with that affair as with the other. _Où va le navire?_ (nav.) where are you bound to? _— son chemin_; to pursue one’s course. _Il ira son chemin_; he will make his way. _Faire en — tout le monde_; to drive everybody away. _Faire en — des taches_; to take out stains. _Tous chemins vont à Rome_; more ways than one lead to Heaven. _Cela va tout seul_; there is no difficulty in the thing, _or_ it is all plain sailing. _Cela ne va pas_; it’s no go, I am not well. _Cela va sans dire_; that goes without saying; of course. _Cela ira_; that will do; we shall succeed. _Cela n’ira pas loin_; that will not last long. _Cela n’ira pas plus loin_; it shall go no further. _N’y pas — de main morte_; to go at it tooth and nail. _N’y pas — par quatre chemins_; not to beat about the bush. _Qui va là?_ who goes there? _s’en_ =aller=, _v.r._, to go away, to set out, to go out, to march off, to depart, to take oneself off; to run, to scamper away; to retire; to run out, to boil over, to dwindle away; to evaporate; to die, to wear out; to sneak off. _Va-t’en_; _allez-vous-en_; go away; be off with you! _Il faut que tout le monde s’en aille_; everybody must go away. _Allons-nous-en_; let us go. _Ils s’en vont_; they are going away. _Mon habit s’en va_; my coat is wearing out. _Il s’en va_; he is dying. _Je m’en fus_; I went away. _Je m’en vais vous dire_; I’ll tell you what. _Tout s’en est allé en fumée_; all came to nothing. =alleu=, _n.m._, allodium. _Franc-—_ (_—s-—s_); a freehold. =alliacé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) alliaceous. =alliage=, _n.m._, alloyage, alloy, mixture, union; (arith.) alligation. _Sans —_; pure, without alloy, type-metal. =alliaire=, _n.f._, hedge-garlic. =alliance=, _n.f._, alliance, marriage, match; confederacy; union; blending; wedding-ring; covenant. =allié=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, ally; relation (by marriage). =allié=, =-e=, _part._, allied, related (by marriage); akin, kindred. _Les rois alliés_; the confederate kings. =allier=, _v.a._, to mix; to combine, to unite; to match, to marry; to join, to unite, to ally, to reconcile. _— l’or avec l’argent_; to alloy gold with silver. _s’_=allier=, _v.r._, to be incorporated or mixed; to match, to enter into an alliance; to unite; to suit; to combine (of metals). =allier=, _n.m._, partridge-net. ☉=alliez=, _n.m._, (bot.) tare. _V._ =ivraie=. =alligator=, _n.m._, the American crocodile, alligator. =allitération= (al-li-), _n.f._, alliteration. =allobroge= (al-lo-), _n.m._, clown, lout, boor. =allocation= (al-lo-), _n.f._, allocation, allowance; (mil. admin.) entry, item, supply. =allocution= (al-lo-), _n.f._, allocution, address, speech, harangue. =allodial=, =-e= (al-lo-), _adj._, allodial. _Terres —es_; freehold lands, freeholds. =allodialité= (al-lo-), _n.f._, free-tenure. =allonge=, _n.f._, a piece of stuff to eke out anything; leaf (of a table); rider (of a bill); (nav.) futtock. =allongé=, =-e=, _part._, lengthened, elongated, outstretched. =allongement= (-mān), _n.m._, lengthening, stretching out, elongation, delaying. =allonger=, _v.a._, to lengthen, to elongate, to piece, to eke out; to stretch out; to wire-draw; to delay, to protract; (fenc.) to allonge, to fetch, to deal, to strike (a blow). _s’_=allonger=, _v.r._, to stretch out, to lengthen, to grow longer, to stretch, to lie at full length. =allouable=, _adj._, allowable, permissible. =allouer=, _v.a._, to allow, to grant, to fix. =alluchon=, _n.m._, cog, catch, tooth (of a wheel). =allumer=, _v.a._, to light, to kindle, to set in a flame or on fire, to inflame, to incite, excite, stir up. _— le feu_; to kindle the fire. _— une chandelle_; to light a candle. _— la guerre_; to kindle war. _s’_=allumer=, _v.r._, to be lighted, to light, to kindle, to catch or take fire, to be inflamed, to blaze; to brighten up, to sparkle, to glare; to flare up, to break out. _Ce bois a bien de la peine à s’—_; this wood won’t kindle. =allumette=, _n.f._, match; fusee; spill. _— chimique_; lucifer-match. _— en copeau_; spill, pipe-light. =allumeur=, _n.m._, lighter, lamp-lighter; (at auctions) puffer. =allure=, _n.f._, gait, pace, way of walking; conduct, behavior, demeanor, carriage, way of proceeding; turn; (nav.) trim, appearance (of a vessel); _pl._, intrigues. _Je le connais à son —_; I know him by his gait. _Je connais les —s de cet homme_; I know that man’s way of dealing. =allusion= (al-lu-), _n.f._, allusion, hint, innuendo. _Faire — à quelque chose_; to allude to something. _Faire une — peu voilée_; to give a broad hint. =alluvial=, =-e=, _adj._, alluvious. =alluvien=, =-ne=, (-in, -è-n), _adj._ _V._ =alluvial=. =alluvion= (al-lu-), _n.f._, alluvion. _D’—_; alluvial. =almageste=, _n.m._, almagest. =almanach= (-nā), _n.m._, almanac, calendar. _— du commerce_; commercial directory. _— d’adresse_ or _des adresses_; post office directory. =aloès= (-èss), _n.m._, aloe; aloes. =aloétique=, _adj._, aloetical. =aloi=, _n.m._, alloy, standard; quality (of persons). _Argent de bon —_; good money. _Homme de bas —_; man of mean birth. _Sans —_; without alloy. _Noblesse de bon —_; true blue-blood. ☉=aloïque=, _adj._, aloetic. =alonge=, &c. _V._ =allonge=, &c. =alopécie=, _n.f._, (med.) alopecy, fox-evil. =alors=, _adv._, then, at that time, in that case, in such a case. _D’—_; of that time. _— même que_; even when. _— comme —_; we shall know what to do, all in good time. =alose=, _n.f._, (ich.) shad, alose. =alosier=, _n.f._, =alosière=, _n.f._, shad-net. =alouchier=, _n.m._, (bot.) white beam tree. =alouette=, _n.f._, (orni.) lark. _— huppée_; tufted lark. _— des champs_; sky-lark. _— lulu_; wood-lark. _Il attend que les —s lui tombent toutes rôties dans le bec_; he expects a fortune to drop into his mouth. _Pied d’—_; (bot.) lark’s-heel, larkspur. =alourdir=, _v.a._, to make dull, heavy, stupid. _Je suis tout alourdi_; my head is quite heavy. _s’_=alourdir=, _v.r._, to grow dull, heavy. =alourdissement=, _n.m._, heaviness, dullness. =aloyage=, _n.m._, alloyage, mixture, pewterer’s alloy. =aloyau=, _n.m._, sirloin or ribs of beef. =aloyer=, _v.a._, to alloy gold and silver. =alpaca=, _n.m._, alpaca, llama. =alpaga=, _n.m._, alpaca (stuff). =alpestre=, _adj._, alpine. =alpha=, _n.m._, beginning, alpha. =alphabet=, _n.m._, alphabet. =alphabétique=, _adj._, alphabetical. _Par ordre —_; alphabetically. _Répertoire —_; alphabetical index. =alphabétiquement= (-mān), _adv._, alphabetically. =alpin=, =-e=, _adj._, alpine. =alpiniste=, _n.m._, Alpine climber. =alpiou=, _n.m._ _Faire un —_; to stake double. =alpiste=, _n.m._, (bot.) canary-grass, phalaris. =alsacien=, _n.m._, =alsacienne=, _n.f._, Alsatian, inhabitant of Alsace. _— Lorrain_, native of Alsace-Lorraine, now Elsass-Lothringen. =alsine=, _n.f._ _V._ =morgeline=. =altaïque=, _adj._, altaic, altaian. =altavelle=, _n.f._, (pisc.) sting-ray, fire-flaire. =alte=, _n.f._ _V._ =halte=. =altérable=, _adj._, corruptible, alterable, adulterable. =altérable=, _n.s._, (med.) alterative. =altérant=, _n.m._, (med.) alterative. =altérant=, =-e=, _adj._, that causes thirst; (med.) alterative. =altérati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) alterative. =altération=, _n.f._, deterioration, corruption; adulteration, debasing; weakening, impairing, alteration, misrepresentation; excessive thirst. _L’— de sa voix_; the faltering of his voice. _Tous les excès causent de l’— dans la santé_; all excesses impair health. =altercas=, _n.m._ _V._ =altercation=. =altercation=, _n.f._, altercation, contest, wrangle, dispute. =altéré=, =-e=, _part._, altered, adulterated; thirsty, dry. _— de gloire_; greedy of glory. _— de sang_; bloodthirsty, craving for blood. =alter ego=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) alter ego. _C’est mon —_; he is my other, second, self. =altérer=, _v.a._, to alter, to change, to impair; to adulterate, to weaken; to mis-state, to distort, to pervert; to debase; to cause thirst; to disturb, to trouble; to discompose. _Le soleil altère les couleurs_; the sun makes colors fade. _— la viande_; to taint meat. _— le caractère_; to spoil the temper. _— l’amitié_; to weaken friendship. _— la monnaie_; to debase coin. _Cette sauce aux anchois m’a fort altéré_; that anchovy sauce has made me very dry, thirsty. _s’_=altérer=, _v.r._, to be impaired or altered, to degenerate; to taint, to spoil, to falter, to tremble (of the voice). _Le vin s’altère à l’air_; wine spoils when exposed to the air. _Sa santé commence à s’—_; his health is beginning to be impaired. =altérer=, _v.n._, to excite thirst, make thirsty. =alternance=, _n.f._, alternation, succession. =alternat=, _n.m._, alternateness; alternacy, rotation of crops. =alternati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, alternate, alternative. =alternative=, _n.f._, alternative, choice, option. _Je vous donne l’—_; I give you your choice. =alternativement= (-mān), _adv._, alternately, by turns. =alterne=, _adj._, alternate, reciprocal. =alterné=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) alternate (quarters). =alterner=, _v.n._, to alternate, to succeed each other alternately, to take in turns, to fill by turns, to produce a rotation of crops. =alterquer=, _v.n._, to altercate, to dispute. =altesse=, _n.f._, highness. _Son — royale_; his, her, royal highness. =althæa=, _n.m._, (bot.) marsh-mallow. =alti-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, haughty, proud, arrogant, lordly, lofty, elate, stately. _Mine altière_; haughty look. =altimètre=, _n.m._, altimeter. _V._ =hypsomètre=. =altitude=, _n.f._, altitude. =alto=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (mus.) tenor violin, alto. =altruisme=, _n.m._, altruism, altruist. =altruist=, =-e=, _adj._, altruistic. =alude=, _n.f._, colored sheep-skin, basil. =aludel=, _n.m._, (chem.) aludel, earthen subliming pot. =alumelle=, _n.f._, long and thin knife or sword-blade; (nav.) handspike-hole; sheathing. =alumine=, _n.f._, alumina. =aluminé=, =-e=, _adj._, alumish. =aluminer=, _v.a._, to mix with alum. =alumineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, aluminous. =aluminière=. _V._ =alunière=. =aluminium=, _n.m._ (_n.p._), aluminum, aluminium. =alun=, _n.m._, alum. =alunage=, _n.m._, (dye.) steeping in alum. =alunation=, _n.f._, (chem.) alum-making. =aluner=, _v.a._, to steep in alum-water. =alunière=, _n.f._, alum-pit, alum works. =alvéolaire=, _adj._, alveolar. =alvéole=, _n.m._, alveolus, cell (in a honey-comb), socket (of a tooth). =alvin=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) alvine. =alysson=, _n.m._, =alysse=, _n.f._, madwort, gold-dust. =amabilité=, _n.f._, loveliness; kindness; amiableness, amiability. =amadis=, _n.m._, tight sleeve. =amadou=, _n.m._, German tinder; touch-wood, match-wood; pyrotechnical sponge. =amadouer=, _v.a._, to coax, to wheedle, to cajole, to flatter, to gain over. =amadoueur=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, tinder-maker; (fig.) coaxer, wheedler. =amadouvier=, _n.m._, agaric, touch-wood. =amaigrir=, _v.a._, to make lean, meagre, or thin, to emaciate, to reduce, to lessen; (arch.) to thin. _C’est cela qui l’amaigrit_; it is that which makes him grow thin. =amaigrir=, _v.n._, to fall away, to grow lean or thin; (arch.) to shrink. _s’_=amaigrir=, _v.r._, to grow thin, to fall away. =amaigrissement= (-gris-mān), _n.m._, emaciation; wasting away, falling away, growing thin, leanness. =amalgamation=, _n.f._, amalgamation. =amalgame=, _n.m._, amalgam; medley, mixture, amalgamation. =amalgamer=, _v.a._, to amalgamate, to combine, to blend. _s’_=amalgamer=, _v.r._, to amalgamate; to blend together. =amande=, _n.f._, almond, kernel; nucleus. _— amère_, _douce_; bitter, sweet, almond. _—s lissées_; sugar-plums. _—s à la praline_; burnt almonds. _— d’amazone_; Brazil-nut. _Huile d’—s douces_; oil of sweet almonds. _— de terre_; rush-nut. =amandé=, _n.m._, amygdalate; milk of almonds. =amandier=, _n.m._, almond-tree. =amant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, lover, wooer, suitor; sweetheart, mistress; votary, spark, gallant, paramour. _— de cœur_; favorite, preferred lover. =amarante=, _n.f._, amaranth, purple flower-gentle, cock’s-comb, prince’s feather. =amarante=, _adj._, amaranthine, amaranth-colored. =amareilleur=, _n.m._, oyster-bed keeper. =amarinage=, _n.m._, manning (a prize). =amariner=, _v.a._, to man (a prize); to inure to sea. =amarrage=, _n.m._, (nav.) anchorage; mooring, lashing, seizure. _Ligne d’—_; lasher. =amarre=, _n.f._, (nav.) cable, rope, hawser. _— de fond_; ground tackle. =amarrer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to moor, to belay, to make fast, to lash, to tie, to seize. =amaryllis= (-ril-lis), _n.f._, amaryllis, lily-asphodel. =amas=, _n.m._, mass, heap, pile, collection, hoard, store, accumulation, cluster; congeries. _Un — de peuple_; a great mob. _— de sable_; heap of sand. =amasser=, _v.a._, to heap up, to hoard up, to lay up, to treasure up, to gather up, to get together, to accumulate, to rake together; to assemble, to congregate, to put together, to cluster. _— de l’argent_; to hoard up money. _s’_=amasser=, _v.r._, to gather, to get together, to accumulate, to be collected, to crowd, to assemble. =amassette=, _n.f._, a small palette-knife. =amatelotage= (-mat-lo-), _n.m._, (nav.) messmating. =amateloter= (-mat-lo-), _v.a._, (nav.) to class (the crew). =amateur=, _n.m._, lover, admirer; amateur, virtuoso. _— des beaux-arts_; lover of the fine arts. _— de la nouveauté_; fond of novelty. =amati=, _n.m._, an Amati violin. =amatir=, _v.a._, (gold) to deaden; (coin.) to blanch the planchets. =amaurose=, _n.f._, (med.) amaurosis. =amazone=, _n.f._, amazon, lady on horseback. _Habit d’—_; riding-habit. =ambages=, _n.f.pl._, ambages, idle circumlocution. =ambassade=, _n.f._, embassy, embassade; ambassador’s house. =ambassadeur=, _n.m._, ambassador; messenger, envoy. =ambassadrice=, _n.f._, ambassadress. =ambe=, _n.m._, series of two numbers. =ambesas= (anb-zâs), _n.m._, ambs-ace, two aces. =ambi=, _n.m._, (surg.) ambe, ambi. =ambiant=, =-e=, _adj._, ambient, surrounding. =ambidextérité=, _n.f._, double dealing; ambidexterity. =ambidextre=, _adj._, ambidextrous, ambidexter. =ambigu=, _n.m._, collation (with everything served up together); (fig.) medley, olio, compound. =ambigu=, =-ë=, _adj._, ambiguous, equivocal. =ambiguïté=, _n.f._, ambiguity. _Parler sans —_; to speak plainly. =ambigument=, _adv._, ambiguously. =ambitieusement= (-mān), _adv._, ambitiously. =ambitieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, ambitious, aspiring. =ambition=, _n.f._, ambition. =ambitionner=, _v.a._, to desire earnestly, to be ambitions of, to aspire to, to seek after. =amble=, _n.m._, amble, canter. _Aller l’—_; to amble. _Être franc d’—_; to amble freely. _Ce cheval a l’— doux_; that horse has an easy amble. =ambler=, _v.n._, to amble, to canter. =amblyope=, _n.m.f._, weak-sighted person; _n.m._, (pisc.) blind-fish. =ambon=, _n.m._, ambo, rood-loft. =ambre=, _n.m._, amber. _— gris_; ambergris. _Il est fin comme l’—_; he is a shrewd fellow. =ambré=, =-e=, _adj._, amber-colored. =ambrer=, _v.a._, to perfume with amber. =ambrette=, _n.f._, amber-seed, musk-seed. =ambroisie=, _n.f._, ambrosia. _D’—_; ambrosial, fragrant, delicious. =ambrosien=, =-ne= (-in, -ène), _adj._, pertaining to St. Ambrose; Ambrosian. =ambulance=, _n.f._, field-hospital, ambulance. _Chirurgien d’—_; field-surgeon. _En —_; (of vendors) itinerant. =ambulant=, =-e=, _adj._, ambulatory, ambulant; itinerant, strolling. _Marchand —_; itinerant dealer. _Comédiens —s_; strolling players. _Erésipèle —_; flying erysipelas. _Mener une vie —e_; to stroll about, to be upon the tramp. =ambulatoire=, _adj._, ambulatory, movable, itinerant. =âme=, _n.f._, soul; mind; genius; conscience; essence; ghost, spirit; feeling, sentiment; person, people; motto; bore (of a gun); small wood (in faggots); (of bellows) clapper; (sculp.) a rough figure of clay; the model made use of to form a mold; (mus.) sounding-post. _Les facultés de l’—_; the faculties of the mind. _Grandeur d’—_; magnanimity. _Du fond de l’—_; from the depths of the soul. _Dieu veuille avoir son —_; God rest his soul. _Avoir la mort dans l’—_; to be grieved to death. _Il n’y a pas — qui vive ici_; there is not a living creature here. _Je le veux de toute mon —_; I wish it with all my soul. _Les bonnes —_; (iron.) good-natured souls. _Sans —_; spiritless. _La vérité est l’— de l’histoire_; truth is the life of history. _La bonne foi est l’— du commerce_; honesty is the very soul of trade. _Il n’y a point d’— dans sa déclamation_; his delivery is spiritless. _Il est l’— damnée du ministre_; he is the minister’s tool. _Rendre l’—_; to give up the ghost. _Il a l’— bourrelée_; his conscience wracks him. _Cet homme n’a point d’—_; that man has no soul. _Il n’y a pas d’— dans ce tableau_; there is no life in this picture. =amélioration=, _n.f._, amelioration, improvement, mending. _Susceptible d’—_; improvable. =améliorer=, _v.a._, to ameliorate, to improve, to meliorate, to better, to cultivate, to mend. _s’_=améliorer=, _v.r._, to mend, to improve. =amen= (amè-n), _n.m._, amen. =aménagement= (-naj-mān), _n.m._, management of a forest, arrangement, fitting up; disposition (of a house). =aménager=, _v.a._, to regulate the felling, replanting, and preserving of a wood or forest, to dispose, arrange, lay out. _— un arbre_; to cut up a tree. =amendable=, _adj._, improvable, mendable. =amende=, _n.f._, fine, penalty, forfeit, compensation, reparation. _Mettre_ or _condamner à l’—_; to fine. _Faire — honorable_; to make amends, to apologize. =amendé=, =-e=, _part._, amended, mended, reclaimed. =amendement= (-mān), _n.m._, amendment, mending, bettering, improvement. _— d’une terre_; improvement, manuring of a piece of ground. _La loi a passé sans —_; the bill passed without amendment. =amender=, _v.a._, to amend, to better, to correct, to improve, to manure. =amender=, _v.n._, to grow better, to improve. _s’_=amender=, _v.r._, to amend, to grow better, to reform; to mend. =amener=, _v.a._, to bring; to bring in, to bring up, to bring over, to bring about, to bring round, to bring on; to lead; to fetch, to introduce; to prevail upon, to induce; to throw (of dice); (nav.) to haul down, lower, strike. _Je l’ai amené où je voulais_; I brought him to do what I wanted. _Il a amené cette affaire à bien_; he has ended the matter satisfactorily. _— des maladies_; to bring on diseases. _— des modes_; to bring in fashions. _— quelqu’un à faire une chose_; to induce any one to do a thing. _— son pavillon_; to lower, to strike one’s flag. _Cette remarque est bien amenée_; _i.e._ cleverly introduced, well to the point. _N’amenez jamais la conversation sur la politique_; never introduce politics into conversation. =aménité=, _n.f._, amenity, pleasantness, grace. =amentacées=, _n.f.pl._, (bot.) amentaceous plants. =amenuiser=, _v.a._, to make thin, to make smaller; to lessen. =am-er= (amè-r), =-ère=, _adj._, bitter, sad, painful, grievous; harsh, biting, galling, briny. _Principe —_; (chem.) bitter principle. _Rendre —_; to embitter. _Cela est d’un goût —_; that has a bitter taste. _Avoir la bouche amère_; to have a bitter taste in the mouth. _Des plaintes amères_; bitter complaints. _Une raillerie amère_; cutting raillery. =amer= (amè-r), _n.m._, bitterness, gall (of some animals and fish). _—s_; (med.) bitters; (nav.) seamarks, landmarks. =amèrement= (-mān), _adv._, bitterly, grievously. =américain=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, American. =américain=, =-e=, _adj._, American. =américaine=, _n.f._, (print.) script. =amertume=, _n.f._, bitterness, acerbity; grief, sorrow; gall, venom. =améthyste=, _n.f._, amethyst. =améthyste=, _n.m._, humming-bird. =améthystin=, =-e=, _adj._, amethystine. =ameublement=, _n.m._, furniture, household goods, set of furniture. =ameublir=, _v.a._, (agri.) to make lighter, to mellow; (law) to make movable. =ameublissement= (-mān), _n.m._, (agri.) dressing, mellowing; (law) lien upon land. =ameulonner=, _v.a._, to stack hay, corn, &c. =ameuter=, _v.a._, to train dogs to hunt together; to stir up, gather, rouse, excite. _s’_=ameuter=, _v.r._, to gather in a mob, to crowd, to riot; to mutiny, to rebel. =ami=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, friend. _Bon —_, _véritable —_; good, true friend. _— de table_; table companion. _Bonne —e_; sweetheart. _C’est un de mes vieux —s_; he is an old pal, chum of mine. _Traiter quelqu’un en —_; to use one like a friend. _Être — de_; to be the companion of, to be partial to. _Les bons comptes font les bons —s_; short reckonings make long friends. _M’—e_ (for _mon amie_); my dear, my love, darling. _Mon —!_ my dear! _Chambre d’—_; spare room. _Ami de cour_; false friend. _— en voie_; a friend at court. =ami=, =-e=, _adj._, friendly; kind, fond of; (paint.) friendly, favorite, propitious. _— lecteur_, kind reader. =amiable=, _adj._, amiable, kind, friendly, courteous, amicable. _à l’_=amiable=, _adv._, amicably, by private contract (of sales). _Terminer un différend à l’—_; to settle a quarrel amicably. _Vente à l’—_; sale by private contract. =amiablement=, _adv._, amicably, in a friendly manner. =amiante=, _n.m._, amianthus, mountain-flax, earth-flax. =amical=, =-e=, _adj._, amicable, friendly, kind. =amicalement= (-mān), _adv._, amicably, kindly, in a friendly manner. =amict= (a-mi), _n.m._, amice. =amidon=, _n.m._, starch; fecula. =amidonner=, _v.a._, to starch. =amidonnerie= (-do-n-rî), _n.f._, starch manufactory, starch-works. =amidonnier=, _n.m._, starch-maker. ☉=amigdale=, _n.f._ _V._ =amygdale=. =amincir=, _v.a._, to make thinner, smaller; to lessen, to edge off, to attenuate. _s’_=amincir=, _v.r._, to become thinner, to make one’s self thin. =amincissement= (-mān), _n.m._, thinning, thinness. =amiral=, _n.m._, admiral. _Vaisseau —_; flag-ship; (conch.) admiral. _Grand —_; high-admiral. _Vice —_; vice-admiral. _Contre —_; rear-admiral. =amiralat=, _n.m._, admiralship. =amirale=, _n.f._, admiral’s wife. =amirauté=, _n.f._, admiralship; admiralty. =amitié=, _n.f._, friendship, amity; affection, good-will; favor, kindness; pleasure; interest; _pl._, kind regards, compliments, attentions. _Se lier d’— avec_; to become intimate with. _Être sur un pied d’— avec_; to be on friendly terms with. _Faites-moi l’— de lui en parler_; do me the kindness to mention it to him. _Par —_; out of friendship. _Prendre quelqu’un en —_; to take a liking to any one. _L’— des couleurs_; the perfect blending of colors. _Il m’a fait des —s_; he showed me much attention. _Faites-lui mes —s_; remember me kindly to him. _Mes —s à tout le monde_; love to all. =amman=, _n.m._, amman, a judge who has cognizance of civil causes, in Switzerland. =ammi=, _n.m._, (bot.) bishop’s-wort. =ammon=, _n.m._, ammonite. _Corne d’—_, _n.f._, sermon-stone. =ammonia-c=, =-que=, _adj._, ammoniac. _Sel —_; sal ammoniac. _Gomme —que_; gum ammoniac. _Gaz —_; ammoniacal gas. =ammoniacal=, _adj._, ammoniacal. =ammoniaque=, _n.m.f._, ammonia. =ammonite=, _n.f._, (foss.) serpent-stone. =amnios=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) (anat.) amnion, amnios. =amnistie= (am-nis-tî), _n.f._, amnesty, pardon. =amnistié= (am-nis-tîé), _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, person pardoned by amnesty. =amnistier= (am-nis-tié), _v.a._, to pardon by amnesty. =amodiataire=, _n.m._, lessor (of a farm). =amodiateur=, _n.m._, tenant of land, lessee, farmer. =amodiation=, _n.f._, leasing, letting out to farm. =amodier=, _v.a._, to farm out an estate; to rent an estate. =amoindrir=, _v.a._, to lessen, to decrease, diminish. =amoindrir=, _v.n._, to lessen, to grow less, to decrease. _s’_=amoindrir=, _v.r._, to lessen, to grow less. =amoindrissement= (-mān), _n.m._, lessening, decrease, abating, diminution. =amollir=, _v.a._, to mollify, to soften, to mellow; to enervate, to effeminate, to unman. _s’_=amollir=, _v.r._, to soften, to grow tender, to grow soft; to grow effeminate or weak. =amollissant=, =-e=, _adj._, enervating, effeminating, softening. =amollissement= (-mān), _n.m._, softening, flagging, enervation, abatement. =amome=, _n.m._, amomum. _— à grappes_; cardamom-tree. =amonceler=, _v.a._, to heap up, to lay in a heap, to fill up, to pile up, to drift. _s’_=amonceler=, _v.r._, to gather; to be filled up; to accumulate, to drift. _Les nuages s’amoncellent_; the clouds are gathering. =amoncellement= (-sel-mān), _n.m._, heaping up, accumulation. =amont=, _adv._, up the river, up stream; above the town. _Vent d’—_; (nav.) easterly wind. _Aller en —_; to go up. _En — du pont_; above bridge. =amorce=, _n.f._, bait; priming; (percussion) cap; tinder, train; allurement, attraction, enticement, decoy, charm, electro-plating bath. _Douce —_, _dangereuse —_; sweet, dangerous attraction. _Trompeuses —s_; deceitful allurements. _Sans brûler une —_; without firing a shot. =amorcer=, _v.a._, to bait; to prime, to cap (small arms); to allure, to entice, to decoy, to draw in. _— un hameçon_; to bait a hook. _— une arme à feu_; to prime a gun. =amorçoir=, _n.m._, wimble, auger. _V._ =ébauchoir=. =amoroso=, _adv._, (mus.) amoroso. =amorphe=, _adj._, amorphous. =amorphie=, _n.f._, amorphy. =amortir=, _v.a._, to deaden, allay, moderate; to weaken; to break (a fall); (fin.) to sink; to redeem (land, stock); to pay off; to cool (passions); (jur.) to amortize; (paint.) to flatten; to buy up. _— un coup_, _le bruit_; to deaden a blow, the sound. _— une pension_; to redeem a pension. _— des dettes_; to pay off debts. _— la fièvre_; to reduce the fever. =amortir=, _v.n._, (nav.) to be neaped, to be dry. _s’_=amortir=, _v.r._, to be broken, deadened; to slacken; to be paid off; to be bought up; to grow weak. =amortissable=, _adj._, (fin.) redeemable. =amortissement= (-mān), _n.m._, redeeming, buying up; liquidation; sinking; deadening, abatement, redemption; amortization; (arch.) the uppermost part of a building, top, pediment, finishing; (nav.) lying aground. _Caisse d’—_; sinking-fund office. _Fonds d’—_; sinking-fund (capital). =amour=, _n.m._, love, lovingness, passion, flame. _L’Amour_; (myth.) Eros; Cupid. _Beau comme l’Amour_; a very Adonis. _Lacs d’—_; love-knot. _Avec —_; lovingly, carefully. _Se marier par —_; to marry for love. _Mourir d’—_; to be lovesick. _Avoir de l’— pour_; to be in love with. _En —_; (of animais) in heat. _Filer le parfait —_; to play the sentimental lover. _Faire l’—_; to court, to make love to. _Pour l’— de Dieu_; for God’s sake. _Je voudrais pour l’— de vous que cela fût_; I wish it were so for your sake. _C’est un vrai remède d’—_; she is a perfect fright. _La terre est en —_; the land is ripe for vegetation. _Cette montre est un véritable —_; that is a love of a watch. _Quel — d’enfant!_ what a love of a child! _— propre_, self-love, self-respect, conceit, vanity. =amours=, _n.f.pl._, one’s love, flame, amours; delight. _Ses premières —_; his first love. _Les —_; (myth.) the Loves. _De folles —_; foolish love. _Les tableaux sont ses —_; pictures are his delight. _Froides mains, chaudes —_; cold hand, warm heart. =amouraché=, =-e=, _part._, (fam.) smitten, in love with. =amouracher=, _v.a._, to make fall in love. _s’_=amouracher=, _v.a._, (fam.) to become enamored of, smitten with. =amourette=, _n.f._, intrigue; love, love-affair; amour; (bot.) quaking-grass. _—s de veau_; calf’s marrow. =amoureusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, amorously, lovingly; tenderly, softly. =amoureu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, in love, enamored, amorous; loving. _Il est — de cette femme_; he is in love with that woman. _Regards —_; looks full of love. _Devenir —_; to fall in love. _Être — des onze mille vierges_; to be a universal lover, a man-flirt. =amoureu-x=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, lover, wooer, sweetheart, spark; (thea.) actor, actress, who performs lovers’ parts. =amovibilité=, _n.f._, revocableness, removability, liability to removal. =amovible=, _adj._, removable, revocable, at pleasure. _Emploi —_; revocable appointment, office held during pleasure. =amphibie=, _n.m._, amphibian; time-server, double-dealer; (pers.) jack of all trades; man of two different trades. =amphibie=, _adj._, amphibious. =amphibologie=, _n.f._, amphibology. =amphibologique=, _adj._, amphibological, ambiguous. =amphibologiquement= (-jik-mān), _adv._, amphibologically, ambiguously. =amphibraque=, _n.m._, (poet.) amphibrach. =amphictyonide=, _adj._ _Ville —_; a town having the right of sending a deputy to the Amphictyonic council. =amphictyonique=, _adj._, Amphictyonic. =amphictyons= (-ti-ōn), _n.m.pl._, Amphictyons. =amphigouri=, _n.m._, ludicrous poem, burlesque, or speech; rigmarole, gibberish. =amphigourique=, _adj._, ludicrous, nonsensical, burlesque. =amphigouriquement= (-rik-mān), _adv._, nonsensically. =amphimacre=, _n.m._, (poet.) amphimacer. =amphisciens= (-si-in), _n.m._, (geog.) amphiscians. =amphithéâtral=, =-e=, _adj._, amphitheatrical. =amphithéâtre=, _n.m._, amphitheatre; first gallery; dissecting-room, lecture-room. _En —_; in the form of an amphitheatre. =amphitryon=, _n.m._, (myth.) Amphitryon; host, entertainer. =amphore=, _n.f._, amphora, pitcher, jug. =ample=, _adj._, ample, full; large, vast, spacious, roomy, wide, broad; copious, diffuse. =amplement=, _adv._, amply, fully; largely, plentifully, broadly, extensively, diffusively. =ampleur=, _n.f._, amplitude, largeness, wideness. _Il n’a pas assez d’—_; it is too scanty, not full enough. =ampliati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (of the Pope’s briefs and bulls) additional, enlarging on. =ampliation=, _n.f._, the duplicate (of a receipt). _Pour —_; a true copy (jurisp.). _Lettres d’—_; letters of ampliation. ☉=amplier=, _v.a._, (jur.) to prolong, to put off, to defer. =amplificateur=, _n.m._, (b.s.) amplifier. =amplification=, _n.f._, amplification. =amplifier=, _v.a._, to amplify, to enlarge, to enrich, to enlarge upon; to expatiate upon. =amplitude=, _n.f._, (astron., geol.) amplitude. =ampoule=, _n.f._, blister on the hands or feet; (med., bot.) ampulla. _La sainte —_; the holy phial (for holy oil). _Faire venir des —s_; to blister. =ampoulé=, =-e=, _adj._, blistered; tumid, high-flown, swelling, bombastic, turgid. _Un style —_, _des vers —s_; high-flown style, bombastic verses. =ampouler=, _v.a._, (metal.) to blister. =ampouler=, _v.n._, to blister. =ampoulette=, _n.f._, (nav.) clock; glass. =amputation=, _n.f._, amputation. _Faire une —_; to perform an amputation. =amputé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, one who has had a limb amputated. =amputer=, _v.a._, to amputate, to cut off. =amulette=, _n.f._, amulet, charm. =amure=, _n.f._, (nav.) tack of a sail. _Première — de misaine_; fore-tack. _Grande —_; main-tack. =amurer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to haul or bring aboard the tack of a sail. _Amure la grande voile!_ aboard the main tack! =amusable=, _adj._, capable of being amused, amusable. =amusant=, =-e=, _adj._, amusing, diverting, entertaining. =amusement= (-mān), _n.m._, amusement, pastime, entertainment, sport, diversion; sham, trick, mere put off; fooling, trifling. _Pas tant d’—_; less trifling. =amuser=, _v.a._, to amuse, to divert, to entertain, to recreate, to solace, to beguile; to put one off with fair words and promises; to trifle with; to stop, to detain; to deceive. _Ne m’amusez pas_; don’t detain me. _— le tapis_; to talk the time away, to be long in coming to the point. _— l’ennemi_; to deceive the enemy. _s’_=amuser=, _v.r._, to amuse one’s self, to busy one’s self; to disport, to sport, to tarry, to stay, to trifle, to stand trifling. _S’— de quelqu’un_; to trifle with any one. _Ne vous amusez pas en chemin_; don’t loiter on the way. _S’— à des bagatelles_; to care for nothing but trifles. _S’— à la moutarde_; to stand at trifles. =amusette=, _n.f._, amusement, trifling, child’s play. =amuseur=, _n.m._, entertainer, deceiver. =amusoire=, _n.f._, something amusing, toy, trifle. =amygdale=, _n.f._, (anat.) almond, tonsil. =amygdaloïde=, _n.f._, amygdaloid. =amylacé=, =-e=, _adj._, amylaceous, resembling starch. =an=, _n.m._, year, twelvemonth. _Le jour de l’—_; New Year’s day. _L’— bissextile_; leap year. _Bon —, mal —_; one year with another. _Au bout d’un —_; twelve months after that. _L’— de notre Seigneur_; the, in the, year of our Lord. _L’— du monde_; the, in the, year of the world. _Il y a un —_; a year ago. _Nouvel —_; New Year. _L’— passé_; last year. _Tous les —s_; every year, yearly. _Tous les deux —s_; every other year. _Elle a quinze —s_; she is fifteen. _Une fois_, _deux fois_, _l’—_; once, twice, a year. _Bon jour, bon —_; a happy New Year to you. _Bout de l’—_, _service du bout de l’—_; service, commemoration. _Je m’en moque comme de l’— quarante_; I don’t care two straws about it. =ana=, _n.m._, (_—_) termination, denoting a collection of sayings, ana; (phar.) ana, āā or ā. =anabaptisme= (-ba-tism), _n.m._, anabaptism. =anabaptiste= (-ba-tist), _n.m._, anabaptist. =anacarde=, _n.m._, anacardium, cashew-nut. =anacardier=, _n.m._, anacardium, cashew-tree. =anachorète= (-ko-), _n.m._, anachoret, anchorite, hermit. =anachronisme= (-kro-), _n.m._, anachronism. =anacoluthe=, _n.f._, (gram.) anacoluthon. =anacréontique=, _adj._, anacreontic. =anagallis=. _V._ =mouron=. =anagnoste=, _n.m._, (antiq.) a slave who, among the Romans, read during the meals. =anagogique=, _adj._, (theol.) anagogical, mystical. =anagrammatique=, _adj._, anagrammatical. =anagrammatiser=, _v.a._, to anagrammatize. =anagrammatiste=, _n.m._, anagrammatist. =anagramme=, _n.f._, anagram. =anagyris= (-rîs), _n.m._, bean-trefoil. =analectes=, _n.m.pl._, (phil.) analects. =analemme=, _n.m._, (astron.) analemma. =analeptique=, _adj._, (med.) analeptic. =analeptique=, _n.m._, (med.) analeptic. =analogie=, _n.f._, analogy. =analogique=, _adj._, analogous, analogical. =analogiquement= (-jik-mān), _adv._, analogically. =analogisme=, _n.m._, analogism. =analogue= (-log), _adj._, analogous. =analyse=, _n.f._, analysis; outline; parsing. _Faire l’— de l’eau_; to analyze water. _Faire l’— d’un passage_; (gram.) to parse a passage. _En dernière —_; to conclude, to sum up; the upshot of it is. =analyser=, _v.a._, to analyze. _— une fleur_; to dissect a flower. =analyste=, _n.m._, analyzer, analyst. =analytique=, _adj._, analytical. =analytique=, _n.f._, analytics. =analytiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, analytically. =anamorphose=, _n.f._, (persp.) anamorphosis. =ananas= (-nâ), _n.m._, pineapple. _Champ d’—_; pinery. _Fraise —_; pine-strawberry. =anapeste=, _n.m._, (poet.) anapæst. =anapestique=, _adj._, anapæstic. =anaphore=, _n.f._, (rhet.) anaphora. =anaphrodisiaque=, _adj._, (pharm.) antaphrodisiac, anti-aphrodisiac. =anaphrodite=, _adj._, (med.) impotent, anaphrodite. =anarchie=, _n.f._, anarchy. =anarchique=, _adj._, anarchical. =anarchiser=, _v.a._, to throw into anarchy. =anarchiste=, _n.m.f._, anarchist. =anarrhique=, _n.m._, wolf-fish. _— loup_; ravenous wolf-fish. =anasarque=, _n.f._, anasarca, dropsy of the skin. =anastomose=, _n.f._, (anat.) anastomosis. _s’_=anastomoser=, _v.r._, to anastomose. =anastrophe=, _n.f._, (gram.) anastrophe. =anathématiser=, _v.a._, to anathematize. =anathème=, _n.m._, anathema; reprobation, curse. _Frapper d’—_; to anathematize. _— maranatha_; anathema, maranatha. =anathème=, _adj._, anathematized. =anatife=, _n.m._, barnacle. =anatocisme=, _n.m._, anatocism (compound interest). =anatomie=, _n.f._, anatomy, dissection; subject (body under dissection); methodical analysis (of a book). _— comparée_; comparative anatomy. =anatomique=, _adj._, anatomical. =anatomiquement= (-mān), _adv._, anatomically. =anatomiser=, _v.a._, to anatomize. _— un livre_; to dissect a book. =anatomiste=, _n.m._, anatomist. =ancêtre=, _n.m.f._, ancestor, ancestress. =ancêtres=, _n.m.pl._, ancestors, forefathers. _De ses —_; ancestral. =anche=, _n.f._, reed (of a hautboy or other wind instrument); meal-spout (of a mill). _— d’orgue_; reed-stop of an organ. =anché=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) curved. =anchilops= (-ki-), _n.m._, (med.) anchilops. =anchois=, _n.m._, anchovy. _Beurre_ or _pâte d’—_; anchovy paste. =anchoité=, =-e=, _adj._, pickled like anchovies. =ancien=, =-ne= (-si-in, -si-è-n), _adj._, ancient, old; senior; of old times, of ancient standing; former, late, ex. _Une — ne coutume_; an old custom. _L’— et le Nouveau Testament_; the Old and New Testament. =ancien=, _n.m._, senior; ancient; elder; old codger. _Les ouvrages des —s_; the works of the ancients. _Les —s d’une église_; the elders. _L’—_; Old Nick. =anciennement= (-è-n-mān), _adv._, anciently, formerly; of yore, of old; in former times. =ancienneté= (-è-n-té), _n.f._, ancientness, primitiveness; seniority, age, antiquity. _De toute —_; from the earliest times. =ancile=, _n.m._, (antiq.) sacred buckler. =ancolie=, _n.f._, (bot.) columbine. =anconé=, _n.m._, (anat.) ancon. =ancrage=, _n.m._, anchor-ground; anchorage. _Droits d’—_; anchorage dues. =ancre=, _n.f._, anchor; (arch.) brace, an _s_. _L’— de flot_; the flood anchor. _L’— de jusant_; the ebb anchor. _L’— de large_; the sea anchor. _Maîtresse —_; the sheet anchor. _— de rechange_; spare anchor. _La seconde —_; the best bower anchor. _L’— d’affourche_; the small bower anchor. _L’— de touée_; the stream anchor. _— de miséricorde_, _de salut_; sheet anchor. _— surjalée_; foul anchor. _Chasser sur ses —s_; to drag one’s anchors. _Empenneler une —_; to back an anchor. _Caponner l’—_; to cat the anchor. _Traverser l’—_; to fish the anchor. _Gouverner sur son —_; to steer the ship to her anchor. _Être à l’—_; to ride at anchor. _Fatiguer à l’—_; to ride hard. _Ne pas fatiguer à l’—_; to ride easy. _Jeter l’—_; to cast anchor. _Brider l’—_; to shoe the anchor. _Lever l’—_; to weigh anchor. _Mettre l’— à poste_; to stow the anchor. _Jeter sa dernière —_; (fig.) to make a last effort. _C’est notre — de salut_; it is our last resource. ☉=ancrer=, _v.n._, to anchor, to come to an anchor. _V._ =mouiller=. _s’_=ancrer=, _v.r._, to settle one’s self, to get a footing in a place, to take deep root in. =ancrure=, _n.f._, small fold made in cloth while shearing it, crease; (arch.) iron prop. =andabate=, _n.m._, (antiq.) gladiator who fought blindfolded. =andain=, _n.m._, (agr.) swath; wind-row. =andanté=, _adv._, (mus.) andante. =andante=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (mus.) an air to be played or sung andante. ☉=andelle=, _n.f._, beech-wood. *=andouille=, _n.f._, (of pigs) chitterlings; twist (of tobacco). _Cela s’en est allé en brouet d’—_; it all ended in smoke. *=andouiller=, _n.m._, antler. _Les premiers —s_; the brow-antlers. _Sur —s_; sur-antlers. *=andouillette=, _n.f._, forced-meat ball, small sausage. =androgyne=, _n.m._, androgynous, hermaphrodite. =androgyne=, _adj._, androgynal, androgynous. =androïde=, _n.m._, android, automaton. =andromède=, _n.f._, (astron.) Andromeda. =andropogon=, _n.m._, (bot.) camel’s hay. =âne=, _n.m._, ass, jackass, donkey; blockhead, ignorant fool, idiot; vice (instrument). _Fait en dos d’—_; (arch.) made with a shelving ridge; hog’s-back. _Coq-à-l’—_; cock-and-bull story. _Promenade à —_; donkey-ride. _Pont aux —s_; asses’ bridge. _C’est le pont aux —s_; every fool knows that. _À laver la tête d’un —, on perd sa lessive_; there is no washing a blackamoor white. _Faute d’un point, Martin perdit son —_; a miss is as good as a mile. _Il ne sera jamais qu’un —_; he will be an ass as long as he lives. _Conte de peau d’—_; fairy tale. _On ne saurait faire boire un — qui n’a pas soif_; you may take a horse to water, but you can’t make him drink. _Têtu comme un —_; as stubborn as a mule. _Sérieux comme un — qu’on étrille_; as grave as a judge. _Tête d’—_; ass’s head. _Bonnet d’—_; fool’s cap; (ich.) bull-head, miller’s-thumb, cottus. =anéantir=, _v.a._, to annihilate, to put out of existence, to destroy; to reduce to nothing, to prostrate, to thunderstrike, to dumfound. _s’_=anéantir=, _v.r._, to be annihilated or destroyed, to come to nothing; to cease to be, to humble oneself. =anéantissement= (-mān), _n.m._, annihilation, annihilating; abjection, humiliation; prostration, depression; destruction, destroying, ruin, overthrow. =anecdote=, _n.f._, anecdote. =anecdotier= (-tié), _n.m._, anecdote-teller, monger. =anecdotique=, _adj._, anecdotical. _Recueil —_; collection of anecdotes. =ânée=, _n.f._, load of an ass. =anémie=, _n.f._, (med.) anæmia. =anémique=, _adj._, suffering from anæmia. =anémographie=, _n.f._, anemography. =anémomètre=, _n.m._, anemometer. =anémone=, _n.f._, anemone, wind-flower. =anémoscope=, _n.m._, anemoscope, weather-cock. =ânerie=, _n.f._, gross ignorance; stupidity; gross blunder. =ânesse=, _n.f._, she-ass. _Lait d’—_; ass’s milk. =anesthésie=, _n.f._, (med.) anæsthesia. =anesthésique=, _adj._, anæsthetic. =aneth=, _n.m._, (bot.) dill. =anévrismal=, =-e=, _adj._, aneurismal. =anévrisme=, _n.m._, aneurism. =anfractueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, anfractuous, rugged, cragged, craggy. =anfractuosité=, _n.f._, anfractuosity, winding, sinuosity, cavity. ☉=angar=, _n.m._ _V._ =hangar=. =ange=, _n.m._, a spirit, angel; (artil.) chain-shot, cross-bar shot; angel-shot; (ich.) angel-fish, skate, squatina. _— déchu_; fallen angel. _— tutélaire_; guardian angel. _Rire aux —s_; to have a laughing fit. _Être aux —s_; to be in a transport of joy, in raptures. _— bouffi_; a chubby child. _Lit d’—_; tent bed. =angélique=, _adj._, angelical, angelic. =angélique=, _n.f._, angelica. =angéliquement= (-lik-mān), _adv._, angelically. =angelot= (anj-lo), _n.m._, angelot cheese. =angélus= (ān-), _n.m._, (_n.p._) (c.rel.) Angelus. _Sonner l’—_; to toll the angelus. =angine=, _n.f._, (med.) angina, quinsy, sore throat. _— couenneuse_; diphtheria. =angineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) attended with angina. =angiographie=, _n.f._, angiography. =angiologie=, _n.f._, angiology. =angiosperme=, _adj._, (bot.) angiospermous. =angiospermie=, _n.f._, (bot.) angiosperm. =angiotomie=, _n.f._, angiotomy. =anglais=, =-e=, _adj._, English; British. _Être poursuivi par des —_; to be pestered by creditors. =anglais=, _n.m._, English, Englishman. =anglaise=, _n.f._, English girl, woman; upholsterer’s thread or silk lace. _Elle porte des —s_; she wears long, drooping curls. =anglaiser=, _v.a._, to nick a horse’s tail. =angle=, _n.m._, angle, corner, turning. _— aigu_; acute angle. _— droit_; right angle. _— rectiligne_; rectilinear angle. _— rentrant_, _saillant_; re-entrant, salient angle. _À —s saillants_; sharp-cornered. _À — droit_; rectangular. _— facial_; (anat.) facial angle. =anglet=, _n.m._, (arch.) indenture, channel. =angleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (bot.) imbedded in angular cavities. _Une noix —se_; a walnut difficult to pick out of its shell. =anglican=, =-e=, _adj._, Anglican, English. _L’Eglise —e_; the Church of England. =anglican=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, Anglican; member of the Church of England. =angliciser=, _v.a._, to anglicize. _s’_=angliciser=, _v.r._, to become anglicized, English. =anglicisme=, _n.m._, anglicism. =anglomane=, _n._ and _adj._, anglomaniac. =anglomanie=, _n.f._, anglomania. =angoisse=, _n.f._, anguish, pang; great distress, affliction, tribulation. _Les —s de la mort_; the pangs of death. _Poire d’—_; choke-pear, gag. _Avaler des poires d’—_; to go through hardships, to eat humble pie. ☉=angola=. _V._ =angora=. =angon=, _n.m._, (antiq.) javelin; (fishing) shellfish hook. =angora=, _n.m._, Angora-cat. =angora=, _adj._, of Angora. =angousse=, _n.f._, (bot.) hell-weed, dodder. =anguichure= (-ghi-shur), _n.f._, huntsman’s horn-belt. *=anguillade= (-ghi-), _n.f._, lash; (with a whip) lashing, cut; eel-skin, &c. *=anguille= (-ghi-), _n.f._, eel; fly the garter (boy’s game); bilge-ways, launching-ways (square bed of timber placed under a vessel’s bilge to support her while launching). _— de mer_; conger. _— plat-bec_; grig. _Ecorcher l’— par la queue_; to begin a thing at the wrong end. _Il y a quelque — sous roche_; there is a snake in the grass, there is something in the wind. =angulaire=, _adj._, angular, cornered. _Pierre —_; corner-stone. =angulé=, =-e=, _adj._, angular, angulated. =anguleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, angulous; (bot.) angular. =angusticlave=, _n.m._, (antiq.) angusticlave. =anhydre=, _adj._, (chem.) anhydrous. =anicroche=, _n.f._, obstacle; impediment, slight difficulty; screw loose. =anielles=, _n.f.pl._, ram-stones. =âni-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, ass-driver. =anil=, _n.m._, (bot.) anil. _V._ =indigo=. =aniline=, _n.f._, aniline. =anille=, _n.f._ _V._ =annille=. =animadversion=, _n.f._, animadversion, reproof, reprimand, blame. =animal=, _n.m._, animal, beast; brute, ass, booby, sot, dolt. _Un ennuyeux —_; a bore. _Un vilain —_; a nasty fellow. =animal=, =-e=, _adj._, animal; sensual, carnal (in scriptural language). _Règne —_; the animal kingdom. =animalcule=, _n.m._, animalcule. =animalisation=, _n.f._, animalization. _s’_=animaliser=, _v.r._, to become animalized. =animalité=, _n.f._, animal life. =animation=, _n.f._, animation, bustle, life, excitement, irritation. =animé=, =-e=, _part._, animated, incensed; enlivened, spirited, gay, sprightly. =animé=, _n.f._, a resin, anime. ☉=animelles=, _n.f.pl._, (cook.) lamb’s-fry. =animer=, _v.a._, to animate, to give life; to quicken; to hearten, to stir up, to excite, to urge on, to embolden, to rouse; to provoke, to exasperate. _— la conversation_; to enliven the conversation. _— le teint_; to heighten, to give a glow to, the complexion. _— les yeux_, _les regards_; to give fire to the eyes, to give animation to the looks. _— d’ardeur_; to fill with ardor. _— au combat_; to excite to combat. _s’_=animer=, _v.r._, to become animated, to spring into life; to be encouraged, to take courage, to cheer up; to chafe, to take fire, to grow warm, to be angry. _La dispute s’anime_; the dispute waxes hot. =animosité=, _n.f._, animosity; ill-will, spite, rancor, spleen, animus. _Il a de l’—_, _il est porté d’—_, _contre moi_; he has, he is actuated by, a spite against me. =anis=, _n.m._, anise; aniseed. _— de Verdun_; candied aniseed. _— de la Chine_ or _étoilé_; Indian anise. _Graine d’—_; aniseed. =aniser=, _v.a._, to flavor with aniseed, to mix with aniseed. =anisette=, _n.f._, aniseed cordial. =ankylose=, _n.f._, (med.) anchylosis, stiffness in the joints. =ankyloser=, _v.a._, to produce anchylosis. _S’—_, _v.r._, to become anchylosed, stiff, cramped. =annal=, =-e= (a-n-nal), _adj._, (jur.) that lasts but one year. =annales= (a-n-nal), _n.f.pl._, annals, public records. =annaliste= (a-n-na-), _n.m._, annalist. =annate=, _n.f._, annats, first year’s income of a living; firstfruits. =anneau=, _n.m._, ring; link (of a chain); bow (of a key); ringlet (of hair); (nav.) mooring-ring. _L’— de Saturne_; (astron.) Saturn’s ring. _L’— pécheur_; the Pope’s seal. =année=, _n.f._, year, twelvemonth. _— bissextile_; leap-year. _L’— qui vient_, _l’— prochaine_; next year. _D’— en —_; from year to year. _— lunaire_, _solaire_; lunar, solar year. _Une bonne —_; a plentiful year, a happy new year. _Ses belles —s_; the prime of life. _Cette terre vaut tant_, _— commune_, _moyenne_; that land yields so much one year with another. _Une — dans l’autre_; one year with another. _Payer à l’—_; to pay by the year. _Plein d’—s_; full of years. _Cette —_; this year. =annelé=, =-e=, _adj._, ring-streaked, having rings; in ringlets; annulated. =anneler=, _v.a._, to curl the hair (locks or ringlets). _— une cavale_; to ring a mare. =annelet=, _n.m._, ringlet, a small ring; (arch.) annulet. =annélides=, _n.m.pl._, (zoöl.) annelides. =annelure=, _n.f._, crisping of the hair. =annexation=, _n.f._, annexation. =annexe= (a-n-nèks), _n.f._, annex; appendant; schedule; rider; chapel of ease. _— d’une terre_; dependence of an estate. =annexer= (a-n-nek-sé), _v.a._, to annex, to add to. _S’—_, _v.r._, to be annexed. =annexion= (a-n-nek-sion), _n.f._, annexment, annexation. =annihilation= (a-n-ni-), _n.f._, annihilation. =annihiler= (a-n-ni-), _v.a._, to annihilate, to destroy. =annille=, _n.f._, (her.) anille, fer de moline, millrind; (tech.) cramping-iron. =anniversaire=, _adj._, anniversary. =anniversaire=, _n.m._, anniversary. _— de sa naissance_; birthday. =annomination=, _n.f._, annomination. _loi_ =annonaire=, _adj._, (antiq.) a Roman law to prevent the price of provisions from rising. =annonce=, _n.f._, announcement, publication, notification, indication, sign, mark; advertisement; banns of matrimony. _Faiseur d’—s_; puffer. _Faire insérer une —_; to advertise. _— de spectacle_; play-bill. =annoncer=, _v.a._, to announce, to tell, to declare, to inform, to proclaim, to bespeak, to advertise; to usher in; to publish, to give out, to preach, to set forth; to foretell, to forebode; to augur, to show, to promise. _Faites vous —_; send in your name. _Cela ne nous annonce rien de bon_; that bodes us no good. _s’_=annoncer=, _v.r._, to present one’s self; to manifest itself; to make itself known. _S’— bien_; to be promising. _S’— mal_; not to be promising, to begin badly. =annonceur=, _n.m._, the actor who gives out the next play, announcer. =annonciade=, _n.f._, annunciade (name of several military and religious orders). =annonciation=, _n.f._, Annunciation; Lady-day (March 25). =annotateur=, _n.m._, annotator, editor (of a book). =annotation=, _n.f._, annotation, editing; inventory of goods attached or distrained. =annoter= (a-n-no-), _v.a._, to make an inventory of goods attached or distrained; to annotate; to edit. =annuaire= (a-n-nu-èr), _n.m._, annual, almanac. _— de la marine_; nautical almanac. =annuel=, _n.m._, (c.rel.) a mass celebrated every day for a year, for a deceased person. =annuel=, =-le= (a-n-nu-èl), _adj._, annual, yearly. =annuellement= (a-n-nu-èl-mān), _adv._, annually, yearly. =annuité= (a-n-nu-), _n.f._, annuity. =annulable= (a-n-nu-), _adj._, defeasible; reversible. =annulaire= (a-n-nu-), _adj._, annulary. _Le doigt —_; the ring finger. =annulation=, _n.f._, annulling, canceling, repeal, abolition; (jur.) abatement. =annuler=, _v.a._, to annul, to make void, to repeal, to rescind, to cancel, to abolish, to set aside, to quash. =anobli=, =-e=, _part._, newly raised to the peerage. =anobli=, _n.m._, newly-created nobleman. =anoblir=, _v.a._, to raise to the peerage. =anoblissement= (-mān), _n.m._, ennoblement. _Patente d’—_; patent of nobility. =anodin=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) anodyne, paregoric, soothing, assuaging. _Remèdes —s_; anodynes. =anodonte=, _adj._, toothless. =anomal=, =-e=, _adj._, anomalous. =anomalie=, _n.f._, anomaly. =anomalistique=, _adj._, (astron.) anomalistical. _Année —_; anomalistical, periodical, year. =anomie=, _n.f._, (conch.) anomia, bowl-shell, beaked-cockle. =ânon=, _n.m._, ass’s foal, young ass. =ânonnement= (-mān), _n.m._, stuttering, stammering; foaling. =ânonner=, _v.a.n._, to falter, to stutter, blunder through a lesson, to stammer, to foal. =anonymat=, _n.m._, the quality of being anonymous; anonymity. =anonyme=, _adj._, anonymous, nameless; joint-stock. =anonyme=, _n.m.f._, anonymous person. _Garder l’—_; to remain anonymous. _Sous l’—_; anonymously. =anorexie=, _n.f._, (med.) anorexy. =anormal=, _adj._, abnormal, irregular. =anse=, _n.f._, handle (of a pot, basket, &c.); creek, little bay, cove. _Qui a des —s_; ansated. _Faire danser l’— du panier_; (of a servant), to make a market penny. _L’— du panier vaut beaucoup à cette cuisinière_; that cook makes a good deal by her perquisites. _Faire le pot à deux —s_; to set one’s arms a-kimbo. _Faire le panier à deux —s_; to walk with a lady on each arm. =anse=. _V._ =hanse=. =anséatique=, _adj._ _V._ =hanséatique=. =ansérine=, _n.f._, (bot.) goose-foot. =anspect=, _n.m._, (nav.) handspike. =antagonisme=, _n.m._, antagonism. =antagoniste=, _n.m._, antagonist, adversary; opponent; competitor, rival; (anat.) antagonist. =antagoniste=, _adj._, antagonist, opponent. ☉=antan=, _n.m._, last year. _Les neiges d’—_; the snows of yester-year. =antanaclase=, _n.f._, antanaclasis. =antarctique=, _adj._, antarctic. =antarès= (-èss), _n.m._, (astron.) Antares. =ante=, _n.f._, (antiq. arch.) anta, pilaster, ante. =antécédemment= (-da-mān), _adv._, antecedently, previously, before. =antécédent=, _n.m._, antecedent; precedent; _pl._, previous conduct. _Avoir de bons —s_; to be known for a person of previous good character. =antécédent=, _adj._, antecedent, preceding, foregoing, previous. ☉=antécesseur=, _n.m._, a professer of civil law. =antéchrist= (-kri), _n.m._, antichrist. =antédiluvien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n-), _adj._, antediluvian. =antéfixe=, _n.f._, (antiq. arch.) antefix. =antenne= (-tè-n), _n.f._, (nav.) lateen sail-yard, yard-arm; (ent.) _pl._, horns, feelers. =antépénultième=, _adj._, antepenultimate. =antépénultième=, _n.f._, antepenult. =antérieur=, =-e=, _adj._, anterior, going before, antecedent, prior, previous; former; frontal. _La partie —e de la tête_; the forepart of the head. =antérieurement= (-mān), _adv._, previously, before. =antériorité=, _n.f._, anteriority, priority, precedence. =antes=, _n.f.pl._, (arch.) antæ, pilasters. =anthelminthique=, _adj._, (med.) anthelmintic. =anthère=, _n.f._, (bot.) anther, tip. =anthologie=, _n.f._, anthology. =anthracite=, _n.m._, anthracite; coal-stone, glance-coal, blind-coal. =anthrax= (-traks), _n.m._, (med.) anthrax, carbuncle. =anthropographie=, _n.f._, anthropography. =anthropologie=, _n.f._, anthropology. =anthropologique=, _adj._, anthropological. =anthropomorphe=, _adj._, anthropomorphous. =anthropomorphisme=, _n.m._, anthropomorphism. =anthropomorphite=, _n.m._, anthropomorphite. =anthropophage=, _adj._, anthropophagous. =anthropophage=, _n.m.f._, anthropophagus, cannibal, man-eater. =anthropophagie=, _n.f._, anthropophagy, cannibalism. =anthyllide=, _n.f._, (bot.) kidney-vetch, Jupiter’s beard. =anti= (prefix from Greek ἀντὶ), anti, against, opposite, contrary; (prefix from Latin _ante_) before. =antiapoplectique=, _adj._, antapoplectic, antiapoplectic. =antibiblique=, _adj._, unscriptural. =antibilieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, antibilious. =antichambre=, _n.f._, antechamber, anteroom, lobby, hall. _Propos d’—_; servant’s gossip. _Faire —_; to dance attendance. =antichrèse= (-krèz), _n.f._, (jur.) pledge; mortgage. =antichrétien=, =-ne= (-ti-in, -ti-è-n-), _adj._, antichristian. =antichristianisme=, _n.m._, antichristianity, antichristianism. =anticipation=, _n.f._, anticipation, forestalling; encroachment, invasion. _Par —_; anticipatory, beforehand. =anticipé=, =-e=, _part._ _adj._, anticipated. _Joie —e_; foretaste of joy. _Connaissance —e_; foreknowledge. _Une vieillesse —e_; a premature old age. =anticiper=, _v.a._, to anticipate, to take up beforehand or before the time, to forestall. _— sur les droits de quelqu’un_; to encroach upon another’s rights. _— sur ses revenus_; to spend one’s income beforehand, _or_ to draw upon. =anticœur=, _n.m._, anticor (inflammation in a horse’s throat). =antidartreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) antiherpetic. =antidate=, _n.f._, antedate, antedating. =antidater=, _v.a._, to antedate. =antidotaire=, _n.m._, antidotarium (a book containing a collection of antidotes). =antidote=, _n.m._, antidote, counter-poison. =antienne= (-ti-è-n), _n.f._, anthem. _Annoncer une mauvaise —_; to bring bad news. _Chanter toujours la même —_; to harp upon the same string. _Pousser l’— à quelqu’un_; to state one’s wishes, one’s opinion; to give a broad hint. =antiépileptique=, _adj._, antiepileptic. =antiépiscopal=, =-e=, _adj._, antiepiscopal. =antiévangélique=, _adj._, antievangelical. =antifébrile=, _n.m._, antifebrile. =antigorium= (-riom), _n.m._, coarse enamel, glazing. =antigoutteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) antarthritic. =antilaiteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._ and _n.m._, antilactic, lactifuge. =antilogie=, _n.f._, antilogy. =antiloïmique=, _adj._, (med.) antiloimic. =antilope=, _n.f._, antelope, gazelle. =antimoine=, _n.m._, antimony. =antimonarchique=, _adj._, antimonarchical. =antimonial=, =-e=, _adj._, antimonial. =antimonial=, _n.m._, antimonial. =antimonié=, =-e=, _adj._, antimonial. =antinational=, =-e=, _adj._, antinational. =antinomie=, _n.f._, antinomy, contradiction. =antipape=, _n.m._, antipope. =antiparalytique=, _n.m._, antiparalytic. =antipathie=, _n.f._, antipathy, repugnance. =antipathique=, _adj._, antipathetical, repugnant. =antipéristaltique=, _adj._, antiperistaltic. =antipéristase=, _n.f._, antiperistasis. =antipestilentiel=, =-le=, _adj._, antipestilential. =antiphilosophique=, _adj._, antiphilosophical. ☉=antiphilogistique=, _adj._, antiphilogistic. =antiphone=, _n.m._, antiphon. =antiphonier= _or_ =antiphonaire=, _n.m._, antiphonary. =antiphrase=, _n.f._, antiphrasis, irony. ☉=antipodal=, =-e=, _adj._, antipodal, antipodean. =antipode=, _n.m._, antipode. =antipsorique=, _adj._, antipsoric (against the itch). =antipsorique=, _n.m._, antipsoric. =antiptose=, _n.f._, (gram.) antiptosis. =antiputride=, _adj._, antiseptic. *=antiquaille=, _n.f._, old piece of antiquity; old stuff; old rubbish; an old coquette. _Ce n’est qu’une —_; she is but an antiquated coquette. =antiquaire=, _n.m._, antiquary. =antique=, _adj._, antique, ancient, old. =antique=, _n.f._, antique, antiquities, ancient works, of art. _À l’—_, _adv._, in the old style. _Dessiner d’après —_; to draw from antique models. =antiquer=, _v.a._, (book-bind.) to adorn the edges of books with little figures, &c. =antiquité=, _n.f._, antiquity, ancientness, old times; piece of antiquity. _Les héros de l’—_; the heroes of former ages. _De toute —_, _adv._, from the remotest times. =antiscien= (-si-īn), _n.m._, (geog.) antiscian. =antiscorbutique=, _adj._ and _n.m._, antiscorbutic. =antiseptique=, _n.m._, (med.) antiseptic. =antisocial=, =-e=, _adj._, anti-social. =antispase=, _n.f._, (med.) antispasis. =antispasmodique=, _n.m._, antispasmodic. =antispaste=, _n.m._, antispast. =antispastique=, _adj._, antispastic. =antistrophe=, _n.f._, antistrophe. =antisyphilitique=, _adj._, antisyphilitic. =antithèse=, _n.f._, antithesis. =antithétique=, _adj._, antithetic. =antitrinitaire=, _n.m._, antitrinitarian, unitarian. ☉=antitype=, _n.m._, antitype, symbol. =antivénérien=, =-ne=, (-in, -è-n), _adj._, antivenereal. =antoiser=, _v.a._, to heap up, to manure, to make a dunghill. =antonomase=, _n.f._, antonomasia. =antre=, _n.m._, cave, den, natural grotto, cavern, lair. =anuer=, _v.a._, to aim, to take aim at. _s’_=anuiter=, _v.r._, to be benighted, to stay till it is night, or too late (on the road). =anus=, _n.m._, (anat., bot.) anus, fundament. =anvole=, _n.m._, slow-worm, blind-worm. =anxiété= (ank-si-), _n.f._, anxiety, sorrow, anguish, uneasiness. =anxieu-x=, =-se= (ank-si-), _adj._, anxious, uneasy, restless. =anxieusement=, _adv._, anxiously. =aoriste= (-o-rist), _n.m._, (gram.) aorist. =aorte=, _n.f._, (anat.) aorta. =aortique=, _adj._, aortal. =août= (oû), _n.m._, August. _La mi-août_; the middle of August. _Faire l’—_; to harvest, to get in the corn. =aoûté=, =-e=, _adj._, ripened by the heat of August. _s’_=aoûter= (a-ou-té), _v.r._, to ripen (in August). =aoûteron= (ou-tron), _n.m._, (l.u.) reaper, harvester. =a.p.=, (com.) abbreviation of the words _à protester_; to be protested. =apagogie=, _n.f._, apagogy. =apaisement=, _n.m._, appeasement, lull, abatement. =apaiser=, _v.a._, to appease, to soothe, to pacify, to calm, to quiet, to alleviate; to assuage, to allay, to quench, to mitigate, to lull. _— un enfant qui crie_; to quiet a crying child. _— une révolte_; to put down a rebellion. _— les flots_; to calm the waves. _s’_=apaiser=, _v.r._, to be appeased, stilled, assuaged, &c.; to allay one’s passion, to grow quiet, calm; to abate, subside. _Sa colère s’est apaisée_; his anger is appeased. _L’orage s’est apaisé_; the storm has subsided. _Le vent s’est apaisé_; the wind has abated. =apalachine=, _n.f._, (bot.) emetic holly. =apalanche=, _n.f._, (bot.) winter-berry. =apanage=, _n.m._, appanage; lot. _Les infirmités sont l’— de la nature humaine_; infirmities are the lot of human nature. =apanager=, _v.a._, to settle an appanage upon any one, to endow. =apanagiste=, _adj._, having an appanage. =apanagiste=, _n.m._, one who has an appanage. =apanthropie=, _n.f._, apanthropy. =à part=. _V._ =part=. =aparté=, _n.m._, words spoken aside; separate group in an assembly. _En —_, _adv._, aside. =apathie=, _n.f._, apathy, indolence, listlessness. =apathique=, _adj._, apathetic, listless. =apepsie=, _n.f._, (med.) bad digestion, apepsy. =apercevable=, _adj._, perceivable, perceptible. =apercevance=, _n.f._, perception. =apercevoir=, _v.a._, to perceive, to discover, to discern, to descry, to notice; to remark, to observe. _s’_=apercevoir=, _v.r._, to perceive, to remark; to see, to be aware of; to find out, to discover; to take notice, to be visible. _Ne pas s’—_; to overlook, not to notice. =aperçu=, _n.m._, sketch, rapid view, glance, survey, sketch, vista; idea, hint; estimate at first sight, rough estimate. _En —_, _adv._, summarily. _Par —_, _adv._, at a rough guess. =apériti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, aperient, opening, appetizing. — _n.m._, appetizer, bitters. =apétale=, _adj._, (bot.) apetalous. =apetissement=, &c. _V._ =rapetissement=, &c. =apetisser=. _V._ =rapetisser=. =à peu près=, _n.m._, approximation, approach, approaching. =aphélie=, _n.m._, (astron.) aphelion. =aphérèse=, _n.f._, (gram.) apheresis. =aphone=, _adj._, suffering from aphonia, voiceless. =aphonie=, _n.f._, aphony, loss of speech. =aphorisme=, _n.m._, aphorism. =aphoristique=, _adj._, aphoristic. =aphrodisiaque=, _adj._, aphrodisiacal. =aphrodisiasme=, _n.m._, (med.) aphrodisia. =aphrodite=, _n.m._, aphrodita, sea-mouse. =aphte=, _n.m._, vesicle in the mouth; _pl._, thrush, aphthæ. =aphylle=, _adj._, (bot.) aphyllous, leafless. =api=, _n.m._, small red apple. _Avoir un visage de pomme d’—_; (prov.) to have cheeks like rosy apples. =à pic=, _adv._, perpendicularly; (nav.) apeak. _L’ancre est —_; the anchor is apeak. _Virer —_; to heave short. =apicole=, _adj._, apicultural. =apiculteur=, _n.m._, bee-master. =apiculture=, _n.f._, bee-culture, bee-keeping. =apiquer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to top, to peak (a yard). =apitoyer=, _v.a._, to move one to pity, to soften. _s’_=apitoyer=, _v.r._, to be moved to pity. _Elle s’est apitoyée sur votre sort_; she pitied, bewailed your fate. =aplani=, =-e=, _adj._, level, flat, smooth, even. =aplanir=, _v.a._, to smooth, to level, to make even, smooth, to unrumple; to plane; to make easy, to remove, to clear up. _— le chemin_; to level the road. _— les difficultés_; to clear up difficulties. _s’_=aplanir=, _v.r._, to grow easy, smooth, flat, &c. =aplanissement= (-mān), _n.m._, smoothing, leveling, making even; smoothness, evenness. =aplatir=, _v.a._, to flatten, to make, strike flat, to flat, to silence, to shut up, to floor, to beat hollow. _s’_=aplatir=, _v.r._, to become flat, to be flattened, to crouch, to cringe. =aplatissement= (-mān), _n.m._, flattening, making flat, flatness; depression; silencing. =aplatisseur=, _n.m._, (tech.) flatter. =aplatissoire=, _n.f._, flatting rollers (tool). =aplet=, _n.m._, herring-net, drift-net. =aplomb=, _n.m._, equilibrium, perpendicularity, plumb; assurance, self-command, self-possession, steadiness, coolness. _Ce mur tient bien son —_; this wall keeps plumb very well. _d’_=aplomb=, _adv._, perpendicularly, plumb. _Cette ligne tombe d’—_; that line falls plumb. _Être d’—_; to stand plumb, upright. _Être hors d’—_; to be out of the perpendicular. =aplysie=, _n.f._, sea-hare. =apocalypse=, _n.f._, Apocalypse, revelation; obscure thing. _C’est un vrai style d’—_; it is a perfectly obscure style. _Cheval d’—_; (prov. and pop.) sorry jade. =apocalyptique=, _adj._, apocalyptical. =apoco=, _n.m._, fool, ninny, nobody. =apocope=, _n.f._, (gram.) apocope, elision, suppression of a letter (as in _Grand’mère_). =apocrisiaire=, _n.m._, nuncio, apocrisiary. =apocryphe=, _adj._, apocryphal, doubtful. =apocyn=, _n.m._, (bot.) apocynum, apocynom. _— gobe-mouches_; dog-bane. =apode=, _adj._, apodal, having no feet, footless. =apode=, _n.m._, apode. =apodictique=, _adj._, apodictical, evident. =apogée=, _n.m._, apogee, acme, height, zenith. =apogée=, _adj._, at its apogee. _La lune est —_; the moon is at her apogee. =apographe=, _n.m._, apograph, transcript, copy. =apologétique=, _adj._, by way of apology, apologetical, exculpatory. =apologétique=, _n.m._, Tertullian’s treatise in defense of the early Christians; _n.f._, apologetics. =apologie=, _n.f._, apology, vindication, excuse, justification. _Faire son —_; to apologize for. =apologiste=, _n.m._, apologist. =apologue= (-log), _n.m._, apologue. =aponévrose=, _n.f._, (anat.) aponeurosis. =aponévrotique=, _adj._, (anat.) aponeurotic. =apophlegmatique=, _adj._, _n.m._, (med.) apophlegmatic. =apophtegme=, _n.m._, apophthegm, apothegm. =apophyge=, _n.f._, (arch.) apophyge, scape, the spring of a column. =apophyse=, _n.f._, (anat.) process (of a bone), apophysis. =apoplectique=, _adj._, apoplectical; apoplectic. =apoplectique=, _n.m._, apoplectic. =apoplexie=, _n.f._, apoplexy. _— foudroyante_; instantaneously fatal apoplexy. _— congestive_; serous apoplexy. _Attaque d’—_; apoplectic stroke. _Être attaqué_, _frappé_, _d’—_; to be struck down with apoplexy. _Tomber en —_; to fall down in a fit of apoplexy. =apostasie=, _n.f._, apostasy. =apostasier=, _v.n._, to apostatize. =apostat=, _adj._, apostate. =apostat=, _n.m._, apostate. ☉=apostème=, _n.m._, aposteme. _V._ =apostume=. =aposter=, _v.a._, (b.s.) to secrete, to place in ambush, to station, to set to watch, to place in readiness (witnesses, assassins). =à posteriori=, _adv._, a posteriori. ☉*=apostillateur=, _n.m._, (jur.), annotator, commentator. *=apostille=, _n.f._, marginal note, postscript, footnote; recommendatory note (to urge or back a petition). *=apostiller=, _v.a._, to write notes; to add a postscript to; to write a recommendation on a petition. _Il a apostillé ma pétition_; he has backed my petition with his recommendation. =apostolat=, _n.m._, apostleship. =apostolique=, _adj._, apostolic; papal; apostolical. _Nonce —_; the pope’s nuncio. =apostoliquement= (-mān), _adv._, apostolically. =apostrophe=, _n.f._, apostrophe; address; reproach, insult, attack. =apostropher=, _v.a._, to apostrophize, to address, to fall foul of, to fly at. ☉=apostume=, _n.m._, (med.) aposteme, apostema, abscess. ☉=apostumer=, _v.n._, (med.) to apostemate. =apothéose=, _n.f._, apotheosis, deification. =apothicaire=, _n.m._, (l.u.), apothecary. _Faire de son corps une boutique d’—_; to be always physicking one’s self. _Un mémoire d’—_; an exorbitant bill. =apothicairerie= (-kèr-rî), _n.f._ (l.u.), pharmacy; apothecary’s shop; dispensary. =apothicairesse=, _n.f._, (in nunneries) dispenser. =apôtre=, _n.m._, apostle; hypocrite. _Faire le bon —_; to play the saint; to put on a sanctified look. =apozème=, _n.m._, (med.) apozem, decoction. =apparaître=, _v.n._, to come, to be in sight, to appear suddenly. (jurisp.) _S’il apparaît à la cour_; if the court thinks so. _Faire — de son pouvoir_; to produce proofs of one’s power. =apparat=, _n.m._, pomp, state, show; ostentation, affectation, parade; index, vocabulary, syllabus. _Un discours d’—_; a set speech. =apparaux=, _n.m.pl._, (nav.) the sails, the rigging, the tackle, yards, guns, &c., of a ship. *=appareil=, _n.m._, formal preparation, pomp, show, display, solemnity, magnificence; train, equipage, attendance; apparatus; (surg.) dressing (of wounds); (arch.) dressing; (nav.) gear. _— de guerre_; warlike preparations. _Mettre le premier —_; to give a wound its first dressing. _Lever l’—_; to take off the dressing. _Une assise de haut —_; a layer of large stones; (phot.) camera; _— instantané_, snapshot camera. *=appareillage=, _n.m._, (nav.) act of getting under sail, under way. *=appareillement=, _n.m._, yoking, pairing, matching. _L’— des bœufs_; the yoking of oxen. *=appareiller=, _v.a._, to match; (arch.) to dress. *_s’_=appareiller=, _v.r._, to join one’s self to; to pair. *=appareiller=, _v.n._, (nav.) to weigh anchor, to get under way. *=appareilleur=, _n.m._, (mas.) dresser, trimmer (of stones); draughtsman. *=appareilleuse=, _n.f._, procuress. =apparemment= (-ra-mān), _adv._, apparently. =apparence=, _n.f._, appearance, outside show, seeming; likelihood, probability; sign, semblance. _En —_; seemingly, apparently, outwardly. _Pour les —s_; for show. _Avoir une belle —_; to look well. _Selon toute —_; in all probability; to all appearances. _Sauver les —s_; to save appearances. =apparent=, =-e=, _adj._, apparent, plain, obvious, manifest, evident; remarkable, chief, eminent, considerable. =apparenté=, =-e=, _adj._, related, descended, connected. _Il est bien —_; he is well descended. _Il est mal —_; he is of mean descent. =apparenter=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to ally, to connect by marriage. _s’_=apparenter=, _v.r._, to ally one’s self (by marriage). =appariement=, _or_ =apparîment=, _n.m._, pairing, matching; coupling, mating. =apparier=, _v.a._, to pair, to sort, to match; to match horses, gloves. _s’_=apparier=, _v.r._, to couple, to pair. =appariteur=, _n.m._, apparitor, assistant, bedel (in universities); beadle. =apparition=, _n.f._, apparition, appearance, appearing. _— d’anges_; a vision of angels. =apparoir=, _v.n._, to appear, to be evident. _Comme il appert_; as it appears. =appartement=, _n.m._, apartments, suite of rooms, lodgings, flat. _Pièce d’un —_; room, apartment. =appartenance=, _n.f._, appurtenance. =appartenant=, =-e=, _adj._, belonging, appertaining. =appartenir=, _v.n._, to belong, to appertain; to relate, to concern; to behove, to be incident, to be related, to be given to. _s’_=appartenir=, _v.r._, to be master of one’s own actions, to be free. _il_ =appartient= (-ti-in), _v.imp._, it becomes; it is meet, fit; it is the duty, business of. _Ainsi qu’il appartiendra_; as they shall see fit. _À tous ceux qu’il appartiendra_; to all whom it may concern. =appas=, _n.m.pl._, charms, attractions; allurements. =appât=, _n.m._, bait; allurement, enticement. _C’est trop vieux poisson pour mordre à l’—_; he is too old a bird to be caught with chaff. =appâter=, _v.a._, to bait, to allure; to feed (an infant or an invalid). =appaumé=, _adj._, (her.) apaumé. =appauvrir=, _v.a._, to impoverish; to make poor, to beggar. _s’_=appauvrir=, _v.r._, to grow poor, to become impoverished, to be beggared. =appauvrissement= (-mān), _n.m._, impoverishment. =appeau=, _n.m._, bird-call; decoy-bird; (horol.) quarter-bell, half-bell. =appel=, _n.m._, appeal, appealing; calling over; levy (recruiting); call (on shareholders); roll-call, muster; ruffle (of a drum); (jur.) call. _Acte d’—_; writ of appeal. _— nominal_; (parliament) call of the House. _Officier d’—_; muster-master. _Interjeter —_; to lodge an appeal. _Faire l’—_; to call over the names, the muster-roll. _Manquer à l’—_; to be absent from roll-call. _Passer l’—_; to pass muster. _Répondre à l’—_; to answer to one’s name. _Battre l’—_; to call to arms. _Faire un — de fonds_; to call in one’s funds. =appelant=, =-e= (-lān, -t), _n.m.f._, (jur.) appellant; (ornith.) decoy-bird. =appelé=, =-e=, _part._, called. _Beaucoup d’—s et peu d’élus_; many are called, but few are chosen. =appeler=, _v.a._, to call, to name, to appeal; to chuck (of cocks); to term; to call over; to give a call, to call to; to invoke; to send for; to invite; to summon; to call for, to call on (cause); to challenge. _Comment appelez-vous cela?_ what do you call that? _— et rappeler_; to call over and over, again and again. _— en duel_; to call out. _— un médecin_; to call in a physician. _Faire —_; to send for. _— les choses par leur nom_; to call a spade a spade. _Voilà ce que j’appelle pleuvoir_; that is rain with a vengeance. =appeler=, _v.n._, to appeal, to chuck (of cocks); to caterwaul (of cats). _En —_; (jur.) to appeal. _J’en appelle à votre honneur_; I appeal to your honor. _s’_=appeler=, _v.r._, to be called, to call, to style one’s self. _Comment s’appelle cet homme-là?_ what is that man’s name? _Je m’appelle_; my name is. =appellatif= (-pèl-la-), _adj._, (gram.) appellative. =appellation= (-pèl-la-), _n.f._, appealing, calling, naming, appellation. =appendice= (-pin-), _n.m._, appendix, appendage, addition; process (natural sciences). =appendre=, _v.a._, to hang up. =appentis=, _n.m._, shed, penthouse. _il_ =appert=, _v.imp._ _V._ =apparoir=. ☉=appertement=, _adv._, openly. =appesantir=, _v.a._, to make heavy, to weigh down; to impair, to dull, to make dull. _s’_=appesantir=, _v.r._, to grow heavy and dull, to be weighed down, to lie heavy; to dwell upon, expatiate on. =appesantissement= (-mān), _n.m._, heaviness, dulness. =appétence= (ap-pé-), _n.f._, appetence, appetency. =appéter=, _v.a._, to desire, to crave for, to covet. =appétibilité=, _n.f._, appetibility, desire. =appétible=, _adj._, appetible, desirable. =appétissant=, =-e=, _adj._, relishing, appetizing, tempting; delicious, desirable. =appétit=, _n.m._, appetite, relish, desire, longing; inclination, taste; stomach. _De bon —_; heartily. _— de cheval_; ravenous appetite. _Bon —!_ I wish you a good appetite. _Avoir de l’—_; to have an appetite. _Être sans —_; to have no appetite. _L’— vient en mangeant_; the more one has, the more one wishes to have. _Il n’est chère que d’—_; hunger is the best sauce. _Rester sur son —_; to check one’s appetite, inclination. _— de femme grosse_; depraved appetite, longing. _Pain dérobé réveille —_; stolen joys are sweet. =appétiti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, appetitive. =appétition=, _n.f._, appetition, desire for. =applaudir=, _v.n.a._, to applaud, to clap, to clap the hands, to cheer; to praise, to commend, to approve. _— un acteur_; to applaud an actor. _Je vous applaudis de vous être conduit si prudemment_; I commend you for having acted so prudently. _Applaudi de tout le monde_; applauded by everybody. _s’_=applaudir=, _v.r._, to applaud one’s self for, to glory in (a thing); to congratulate one’s self (on), to rejoice (in or at). _Il s’applaudit lui-même_; he admires himself. =applaudissement= (-mān), _n.m._, applause, public praise, commendation; plaudits, cheering. _Salve d’—s_; round of applause, of cheering. =applaudisseur=, _n.m._, (b.s.) applauder. =applicable=, _adj._, applicable, apposite, relevant, suitable. =application=, _n.f._, application, employment (of a sum of money); attention, care, diligence, sedulousness; (gold.) charging; appliqué lace. _Avec —_; sedulously. _Sans — déterminée_; unappropriated. _D’—_; practical, feasible. _— d’Angleterre_; Honiton lace. _Bras d’—_; bracket. =applique=, _n.f._, (gold.) charging. =appliqué=, =-e=, _adj._, intent, sedulous, studious, diligent, attentive. =appliquer=, _v.a._, to apply, to stick; to award (judgment); to employ (money); to put, to set, to affix, to bring close; to adapt, to fit; to apply to, to appropriate; to bestow on, to hit, to strike. _— des ventouses_; to cup. _— mal à propos_; to misapply. _s’_=appliquer=, _v.r._, to apply a thing to one’s self, to take it for one’s self; to apply one’s self, to fall to, to set to, to take to, to labor at, to make it one’s study; to stick to. =appoint=, _n.m._, change, odd money, premium; appoint. _Net —_; appoint. _Par net —_; per appoint. _Faire l’—_; to pay the difference. _D’—_; odd. =appointements= (-mān), _n.m.pl._, salary, stipend. =appointer=, _v.a._, to put, to give a salary to; to punish (in the army); to sew strips of cloth, to stitch (as a mattress, cloth); (juris.) to refer, have a referee. _Commis appointé_; salaried clerk. =appointer=, _v.a._, to point, sharpen to a point. ☉=appointeur=, _n.m._, (juris.) referee. =appontement=, _n.m._, temporary wooden bridge; (nav.) gang-way, ladder. =apport=, _n.m._, material brought, quantity brought, documents deposited; personal property; share; contribution. =apporter=, _v.a._, to bring; to bring forward; to cause, to bring to bear upon, to procure, to occasion; to use, to cite, to quote, to allege; to adduce, to produce. _— des difficultés_; to raise difficulties. _— de la précaution_; to use precaution. _— de bonnes raisons_; to adduce good reasons. _— des soins à_; to bestow care upon. =apportionner=, _v.a._, to apportion. =apposer=, _v.a._, to set, to put, to insert, to affix. =apposition=, _n.f._, setting, putting, inserting; affixing; accretion; (gram.) apposition. _Faire l’— des scellés_; to affix the seals. =appréciable=, _adj._, appreciable, perceptible. =appréciat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, valuer, appraiser, rater. =appréciati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, denoting the value of. _Etat_, _devis —_; estimate. =appréciation=, _n.f._, appreciation, apprizement, rating, valuation, estimation. =apprécier=, _v.a._, to value, to rate, to estimate, to judge; to appreciate, to esteem. =appréhender=, _v.a._, to apprehend, to be apprehensive of, to fear; to arrest, to take up. _— au corps_; to arrest. =appréhensible=, _adj._, apprehensible. =appréhensi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, timid. =appréhension=, _n.f._, apprehension; fear, dread. _Avoir des —s_; to be under apprehension. =apprendre=, _v.a._, to learn, to be informed of; to hear of; to teach; to train; to tell, to inform of, to advise, to let know. _— par cœur_; to learn by heart. _— des nouvelles_; to hear news. _Je l’ai appris de bonne part_; I have it from good authority. _Il m’a appris l’algèbre_; he taught me algebra. _Faire — un métier à un enfant_; to put a child to a trade. _Je lui apprendrai qui je suis_; I will let him know who I am. _Les malheurs s’apprennent vite_; ill news flies fast. =apprenti=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, apprentice; novice, tyro. _Obliger un —_; to bind an apprentice. =apprenti=, =-e=, _adj._, apprenticed, articled. =apprentissage=, _n.m._, apprenticeship, trial, experiment. _Être en —_; to be an apprentice. _Faire son —_; to serve one’s apprenticeship. _Mettre en —_; to apprentice, to article. _Brevet d’—_; apprentice’s indentures. _Sortir d’—_; to finish one’s time. =apprêt=, _n.m._, preparation, preparative; cooking, (manu.) dressing; painting on glass; stiffness, affectation. _Faire de grands —s_; to make great preparations. _Sans —_; unstudied (of style). =apprêtage=, _n.m._, (manu.) dressing; finishing. =apprêté=, =-e=, _part._, prepared, dressed; studied. _Des manières apprêtées_; affected manners. =apprêter=, _v.a._, to prepare, to get ready; to cook; (manu.) to dress; to afford matter for. _— un chapeau_; to dress a hat. _— à dîner_; to prepare dinner. _— à rire_; to afford matter for laughter. _s’_=apprêter=, _v.r._, to prepare one’s self, to make one’s self ready, to dress; to be in course of preparation, to be brewing. ☉=apprêteur=, _n.m._, painter upon glass. =apprêteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (manu.) dresser. =appris=, =-e=, _part._, learned, taught. _Bien —_; well-bred. _Mal —_; ill-bred. _Un mal —_; an ill-bred or an unmannerly fellow. =apprivoisement= (-voaz-mān), _n.m._, taming. =apprivoiser=, _v.a._, to tame (animals); to make sociable, tractable, (persons); (hunt.) to reclaim. _s’_=apprivoiser=, _v.r._, to be tamed, to grow tame (of animals); to become sociable, to lose one’s shyness (of persons). =approbat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, approver, applauder. =approbat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, approving, commending. =approbati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, approving. _Geste —_; nod of approbation. =approbation=, _n.f._, approbation, consent; approval. _Incliner la tête en signe d’—_; to nod assent, approval. =approbativement= (-mān), _adv._, approvingly, with approbation. =approchant=, =-e=, _adj._, (fam.) something like; like, bordering upon, approximate; near allied, near akin. =approchant=, _prep._, (l.u., fam.) near, about. _Il a reçu dix mille francs —_; he received about ten thousand francs. =approche=, _n.f._, approach, access; coming, advance; (print.) space, closing up. _Lunette d’—_; spy-glass. _Greffe en —_; graft by approach. =approcher=, _v.a._, to bring, put, or draw near; to bring, put, or draw close; to have access (to any one). _Approchez la table du feu_; draw the table near the fire. =approcher=, _v.n._, to approach, to draw nigh or near, to come near, to be easy of access; to be something like. _Il me fit — de lui_; he made me come near him. _— du but_; to come near the mark. _Ceci n’en approche pas_; this does not come near it. _s’_=approcher=, _v.r._, to approach, to draw near, to come near, to advance. _Approchez-vous du feu_; draw near the fire. =approfondi=, =-e=, _adj._, deep, profound; thorough, reasoned out. =approfondir=, _v.a._, to deepen, to make deeper; to examine thoroughly; to search, dive into, to fathom. _— une question_; to sift, to fathom a question. =approfondissement=, _n.m._, deepening, sinking lower; fathoming. =appropriation=, _n.f._, appropriation, assimilation; (jur.) conversion. =approprier=, _v.a._, to appropriate, to accommodate, to adapt, to fit, to suit; to clean, to make neat, to tidy. _— une chambre_; to make a room tidy. _— son langage aux circonstances_; to adapt one’s language to circumstances. _s’_=approprier=, _v.r._, to appropriate a thing to one’s self, to convert to one’s own use. =approuver=, _v.a._, to approve, to approve of, to sanction, to consent to; to ratify, to authorize; to pass (accounts). =approvisionnement= (-zio-n-mān), _n.m._, victualing; supply of provisions, stock. _Vaisseau d’—_; (nav.) victualing ship. =approvisionner=, _v.a._, to supply with necessaries; to victual, to cater for, to stock. _s’_=approvisionner=, _v.r._, to supply one’s self; to lay in, take in supplies. =approvisionneur=, _n.m._, victualer, provider, caterer, purveyor. =approximati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, approximative. =approximation=, _n.f._, approximation, rough guess. _Détermination par —_; (math.) approximation. =approximativement= (-mān) _adv._, approximatively. ☉=approximer=, _v.a._, to approximate. =appui=, _n.m._, prop, stay, support, rest; help, protection; buttress, rail, hand-rail, sill (of windows); rail (of stairs); (man.) appui; (mec.) fulcrum. _À hauteur d’—_; breast-high. _Point d’—_; point of support, prop, fulcrum, base. _A l’— de_; in support of, in confirmation of. _Sans —_; unsupported, friendless. _Il est l’— des malheureux_; he is the support of the unfortunate. _Ce cheval a l’— bon_; that horse is soft-mouthed. _Aller à l’— de_; to support (a proposal). =appui-main=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) painter’s maul-stick, hand-rest. =appui-queue=, _n.m._, rest (at billiards), jigger. =appuyer=, _v.a._, to prop up, to stay, to support, to second; to hold up, to sustain; to set upon; to lean upon; to ground, to found; to back, to stand by; to favor, to countenance; to protect; to enforce, to strengthen. _— une maison contre un coteau_; to build a house against a hill. _— le coude sur la table_; to lean one’s elbow upon the table. _Son droit est appuyé sur de bons titres_; his claim is founded on just grounds. _Il m’a promis d’— mon placet_; he has promised to back my petition. _— les chiens_; to urge on the hounds. =appuyer=, _v.n._, to bear upon, to lean; to rest; to lay a stress on; to dwell upon; to insist upon, to urge. _— sur un mot_; to lay a stress on a word. _— sur un passage_; to dwell upon a passage. _— sur la droite_, _la gauche_, or _à droite_, _à gauche_; to bear to the right, the left. _Ce cheval appuie sur le mors_; that horse hangs on the bit. _s’_=appuyer=, _v.r._, to lean, to lean upon; to lie, to rest, to recline upon; to confide in, to rely upon, to depend upon, to trust to; to lay a stress on, to dwell upon. _Appuyez-vous sur moi_; lean upon me. _— sur un roseau_; (fig.) to trust to a broken reed. =âpre=, _adj._, rough, harsh; tart, sharp; hard, rugged, uneven; biting, cutting, bitter; severe; crabbed, peevish; violent, greedy, eager. _Chemin — et raboteux_; rough, rugged way. _— au gain_; greedy of gain. _— au jeu_; eager for play (a born gambler). _— à se venger_; eager for revenge. _— à la curée_; eager for prey (of animals); greedy of gain (of persons). =aprèle=, _n.f._, (bot.) horse-tail. =âprement=, _adv._, harshly, sharply, roughly, rigorously; severely; peevishly, crabbedly; gruffly; violently, eagerly, greedily. =après=, _prep._, after, next to; about; next. _Sa maison vient — la vôtre_; his house is next to yours. _Il est toujours — moi_; he is always after me, always teasing, persecuting, scolding me. _Être — quelque chose_; to be in pursuit of something. _On est —_; it is being done. _Soupirer — quelque chose_; to long for anything. _Ne pas attendre — quelqu’un_; not to need, to be able to do without any one. _— lui, il faut tirer l’échelle_; no one can come after him. _— coup_; too late. _Crier — quelqu’un_; to scold anybody. _Tout le monde crie — lui_; everybody cries out against him. _Ci —_; hereafter, in the sequel. _— quoi_; after which. _D’—_; after, from, according to, following. _Peindre d’— nature_; to paint from nature. _— tout_; after all. _Jeter le manche — la cognée_; to throw the helve after the hatchet (or to give up in despair). =après=, _adv._, afterwards, after; go on; what next, what then? _Vous arrivâtes malade; —?_ you say you were ill after you arrived; and what then? =après que=, _conj._, after, when. _— — vous aurez fait_; after you have done. _— — je l’eus vu_; when I had seen him. =après-demain=, _adv._, the day after to-morrow. ☉=après-dînée=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) =après-dîné=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) after dinner, afternoon. =après-dîner=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) after dinner, afternoon. =après-midi=, _n.m.f._, (_—_) afternoon. ☉=après-soupée=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) après-soupé, n.m., (_—-—s_) between supper and bedtime; evening. =après-souper=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) between supper and bedtime, evening. =âpreté=, _n.f._, harshness, tartness, sharpness; roughness, ruggedness; acrimony, asperity; violence, fierceness, severity; eagerness; greediness. _— à l’argent_; lust of gold. =à priori=. _V._ =priori=. =à propos=, _adj._, _adv._; =à-propos=, _n.m._ _V._ =propos=. =apside=, _n.f._, (apsides, apses) (astron.) apsis. =apte=, _adj._, apt, fit, proper, qualified. =aptère=, _n.m._, apter. =aptère=, _adj._, apteral, apterous. =aptitude=, _n.f._, aptitude, aptness, qualification, disposition; readiness, inclination, taste. =apurement= (-mān), _n.m._, auditing, closing (of accounts). =apurer=, _v.a._, to audit (accounts). =apyre=, _adj._, apyrous, incombustible, fire-proof. =apyrexie=, _n.f._, (med.) apyrexy. =aquarelle= (-koua-), _n.f._, painting in water-colors, aquarelle, water-color drawing. =aquarelliste=, _n.m._, painter in water-colors. =aquarium=, _n.m._, (_—s_) aquarium. =aqua-tinta= (_—_), or aquatinte (-koua-), (_—s_) _n.f._, aquatinta, aquatint. =aquatique= (-koua-), _adj._, aquatic, watery. =aqueduc=, _n.m._, water-pipe, aqueduct, conduit, duct. _Petit —_; culvert. =aqueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, aqueous, watery, waterish. =aquilin=, _adj._, aquiline, curving, hooked, prominent, Roman. =aquilon=, _n.m._, north-wind, northerly wind, cold blast, storm, tempest. ☉=aquilonaire=, _adj._, northern, boreal. =aquosité= (-kouo-), _n.f._, aqueousness, wateriness. =ara=, _n.m._, (orni.) macaw. =arabe=, _n.m._, Arabian (person); miser, screw, dun, usurer; Arabic (language). =arabe=, _adj._, Arabic, Arabian. =arabesque=, _adj._, arabesque. =arabesque=, _n.f._, arabesque. =arabique=, _adj._, Arabian, Arabic. =arable=, _adj._, arable, tillable. =arachide=, _n.f._, earth-nut. =arachnide= (-rak-), _n.m._, arachnidan. =arachnoïde= (-rak-no-id), _n.f._, (anat.) arachnoid, arachnoid membrane. =arachnoïde=, _adj._, (anat.) arachnoid; cobwebbed. =arack= _or_ =rack=, _n.m._, a spirituous liquor; arrack. =araignée=, _n.f._, spider; (mining) araignee, arraign; (nav.) crow-foot. _Toile d’—_; cobweb, spider-work. _— de mer_; crab. _Pattes d’—_; spider’s legs, scrawling handwriting. _Oter les —s_; to sweep the cobwebs away. _J’en ai horreur comme d’une —_; (fam.) I hate it as I do sin. _Avoir une — dans le plafond_; to have a bee in one’s bonnet. =araméen=, =-ne=, _adj._, aramean. =aramer=, _v.a._, to stretch cloth upon tenters, to tenter. =aranéeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, cobwebbed. =arase=, _n.f._ _Pierres d’—_; leveling course (mas.). =arasement= (-mān), _n.m._, leveling, making even. =araser=, _v.a._, to level (a wall, a building, &c.); to make even. =arases=, _n.f.pl._, leveling course (mas.). =aratoire=, _adj._, aratory, farming. _Instruments —s_; implements of husbandry. =arbalète=, _n.f._, arbalist, cross-bow, dormouse-trap. _— à jalet_; a stone-bow. _Attelage en —_; unicorn team. ☉=arbalèter=, _v.a._, (arch.) to stay, to bear or shore up with pieces of timber. =arbalétrier=, _n.m._, cross-bowman, archer. _—s_; principal rafters (carp.); (orni.) swift (_Cypselus apus_). =arbitrage=, _n.m._, arbitrage, arbitration, arbitrament, umpirage. =arbitraire=, _adj._, arbitrary, optional, despotic, discretional. =arbitrairement= (-mān), _adv._, arbitrarily, despotically. =arbitral=, =-e=, _adj._, by arbitration. =arbitralement= (-mān), _adv._, by arbitration. =arbitrateur=, _n.m._, arbitrator, arbiter. =arbitration=, _n.f._, decision, award. =arbitre=, _n.m._, will; arbiter, arbitrator, umpire, referee; master, sovereign disposer. _Libre_, _franc —_; free will. _Tiers —_; umpire. =arbitrer=, _v.a._, to arbitrate, to decree, to regulate, to award, to judge, to settle. =arbois=, _n.m._, laburnum. =arboré=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) arboreous; (of flags) hoisted. =arborer=, _v.a._, to put up, to hoist; to set up for, to proclaim. _— un pavillon_; to hoist a flag. =arborescence=, _n.f._, arborescence. =arboriculteur=, _n.m._, arboriculturist. =arboriculture=, _n.f._, arboriculture. =arborisation=, _n.f._, arborization. =arborisé=, =-e=, _adj._, arborized. _Pierres —es_; arborized stones. =arbouse=, _n.f._, arbute-berry, wilding. =arbousier=, _n.m._, arbute, strawberry-tree. =arbre=, _n.m._, tree; beam; piece of timber; (tech.) arbor, cylinder, shaft, spindle; (nav.) mast (in the Mediterranean). _Jeune —_; sapling. _— fruitier_; fruit-tree. _— en espalier_; wall-tree. _— sur pied_; standing tree. _— en buisson_; bush. _— de haute futaie_; forest-tree. _— de plein vent_; standard. _— nain_; dwarf-tree. _Grand —_; shaft. _— de couche_; horizontal shaft. _— moteur_; main shaft. _— vertical_; upright shaft. _— de diane_, or _philosophique_ (chem.); arbor dianæ. _— vert_; evergreen. _— chablis_; tree blown down. _Arbre généalogique_; genealogical tree. _— à cire_; myrica. _— de mestre_; main-mast. _— de trinquet_; foremast. _Se tenir au gros de l’—_; to adhere to what is ancient. _Tel —, tel fruit_; a tree is known by its fruits. _Faire l’— fourchu_; to walk on one’s two hands, with one’s legs in the air. _L’— ne tombe pas du premier coup_; (prov.) Rome was not built in a day. _Entre l’— et l’écorce il ne faut pas mettre le doigt_; leave family jars severely alone. _— de transmission_; connecting shaft. =arbrisseau=, _n.m._, tree; young tree; small tree; underwood; shrub. =arbuste=, _n.m._, shrub; bush. =arc= (ark), _n.m._, bow, long-bow; (arch.) arch; (geom.) arc, arch; (astron.) arc; (nav.) cambering. _Tirer de l’—_; to draw the bow. _Corde de l’—_; bow-string. _À portée d’—_; within bowshot. _Avoir plusieurs cordes à son —_; to have more than one string to one’s bow. _— en plein cintre_; semi-circular arch. _— de biais_; sloping arch. _— en décharge_; arch of discharge. _—-doubleau_ (_—s-—x_); massive rib, chief arch of a vault. _— de triomphe_; triumphal arch. _— diurne_; (astron.) diurnal arc. _Bander_, _détendre_, _l’—_; to bend, to unbend, the bow. (fig.) _Débander l’— ne guérit pas la plaie_; to cease to do mischief does not undo the harm done. =arc-boutant= (ar-boo-tān), _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) arc-boutant, abutment, arched buttress; prop, shore, supporter; stretcher; ringleader, supporter, chief man in any business; (nav.) sparboom. _—s d’un train de carrosse_; rods that serve to keep the mainbraces of a coach in place. _— de misaine_; foresail boom. _Grand —_ (nav.); mainsail boom. =arc-bouter=, _v.a._, to prop, to support, to buttress. =arcade=, _n.f._, arcade; (anat.) arch, vault. =arcane=, _n.m._, (chem.) arcanum, secret, mystery. =arcanson=, _n.m._, colophony, black resin, rosin. =arcasse=, _n.f._, (nav.) buttock of a ship, stern-frame. =arc-doubleau=, _n.m._, groin (of vaults). =arceau=, _n.m._, arch, archway, vault; (nav.) drift-sail. =arc-en-ciel= (ark-an-si-èl), _n.m._, (_—s-—_) rainbow, iris. =archaïque=, _adj._, archaical. =archaïsme= (-ka-ism), _n.m._, archaism. (obsolete word.) =archal=, _n.m._ _Fil d’—_; iron wire. =archange= (-kanj), _n.m._, archangel. =arche=, _n.f._, arch; ark. _L’— sainte_, _l’— du Seigneur_; the ark of the Lord. _L’— de Noé_; Noah’s ark. _L’— d’alliance_; the ark of the covenant. _C’est l’— du Seigneur_; it is forbidden ground. _Pont à plusieurs —s_; bridge of several arches. _Être hors de l’—_; to be out of the pale of the church. _Cour des arches_; Arches-Court. =archée=, _n.f._, principle of life, archeus. =archelet=, _n.m._, drill-bow, hoop (of a net). =archéologie= (-ké-), _n.f._, archæology. =archéologique= (-ké-), _adj._, archæological. =archéologue= (ar-ké-o-log), _n.m._, archæologist. =archer=, _n.m._, archer, bowman; ☉policeman, constable. =archet=, _n.m._, bow, fiddle-stick; upper part of a cradle; turner’s poll or bow; drill-bow; bow-hand (mus.). =archétype= (-ké-), _n.m._, archetype. =archétype= (-ké-), _adj._, archetypal. =archevêché=, _n.m._, archbishopric, cathedral town; the archbishop’s residence. =archevêque=, _n.m._, archbishop. =archi=, prefix from Gr. ἂρχειν, arch. =archichancelier=, _n.m._, archchancellor. =archidiaconat=, _n.m._, archdeaconry. =archidiaconé=, _n.m._, archdeaconry. =archidiacre=, _n.m._, archdeacon. =archiduc=, _n.m._, archduke. =archiduché=, _n.m._, archdukedom, archduchy. =archiduchesse=, _n.f._, archduchess. =archiépiscopal=, =-e= (-ki-), _adj._, archiepiscopal. =archiépiscopal= (-ki-), _n.m._, archiepiscopacy. =archifo-u=, =-lle=, _adj._, stark-mad. =archiluth=, _n.m._, archlute. =archimandritat=, _n.m._, the living of an archimandrite; abbey. =archimandrite=, _n.m._, archimandrite. =archinoble=, _adj._, (iron.) most noble. =archipel=, _n.m._, archipelago. =archipompe=, _or_ =arche-de-pompe=, _n.f._, (_—s-—_) (nav.) well, well-pump. =archipresbytéral=, _adj._, appertaining to an archpresbyter. =archipresbytérat=, _n.m._, archpresbytery. =archiprêtre=, _n.m._, archpriest, archpresbyter. =archiprêtré=, _n.m._, archpresbytery. =architecte=, _n.m._, architect; master-builder. _— paysagiste_, landscape-gardener. =architectonique=, _adj._, architectonic. =architectonique=, _n.f._, architectonics. =architectonographe=, _n.m._, architectonographer. =architectonographie=, _n.f._, architectonography. =architectural=, =-e=, _adj._, architectural. =architecture=, _n.f._, architecture. =architrave=, _n.f._, (arch.) architrave. =architriclin=, _n.m._, (antiq.) steward; (fam. and jest.) head-man, host, entertainer. =archives=, _n.f.pl._, archives, records; record-office, muniment house. =archiviste=, _n.m._, archivist, keeper of the records, registrar. =archivolte=, _n.f._, (arch.) archivolt. =archontat= (-kon-ta), _n.m._, archonship. =archonte= (-kont), _n.m._, archon. =archure=, _n.f._, mill-stone hoop. =arçon=, _n.m._, saddle-bow; bow (tool). _Perdre_ or _vider les —s_; to be thrown from one’s horse; (fig.) to hesitate, lose one’s presence of mind. _Être ferme dans les —s_; to have a firm seat; to be true to one’s principles. _Se remettre dans les —s_; to recover one’s stirrups. _Pistolets d’—_; horse-pistols. =arçonnage=, _n.m._, bowing; (agric.) layering. ☉=arctier= (-tié), _n.m._, bow-maker. _— fléchier_; bow and arrow maker. =arctique=, _adj._, arctic, north. =arcturus=, _n.m._, (astron.) Arcturus. =ardélion=, _n.m._, (l.u.) a busybody, meddler. =ardemment= (-da-mān), _adv._, ardently, intensely, eagerly, passionately, vehemently, spiritedly, fervently, hotly. =ardent=, =-e=, _adj._, hot, burning, fiery, glowing; scorching; ardent, vehement, violent; strenuous, spirited, mettlesome; zealous; hasty, passionate; sanguine, fervent, earnest; greedy; red (of the hair); (nav.) griping. _Charbon —_; burning-coal. _Chapelle —e_; mortuary chamber (for lying in state). _Chambre —e_ (French history) ardent-chamber, criminal court. _Verre —_; burning-glass. =ardent=, _n.m._, ignis fatuus, will-o’-the-wisp. ☉=arder= _or_ =ardre=. _V._ =brûler=. =ardeur=, _n.f._, ardor, heat, burning heat; ardency, warmth, fervency; vividness, intensity; eagerness, fire, spirit, spiritedness, mettle, fervor; earnestness, forwardness, strenuousness; passion. _Cheval plein d’—_; high-mettled horse. _Avec —_; spiritedly. *=ardillon=, _n.m._, tongue (of a buckle); barb (of a hook). =ardoise=, _n.f._, slate; score, account. _Carrière d’—_; slate-quarry. _Crayon d’—_; slate-pencil. _Couvreur en —_; slater. _Couvrir d’—_; to slate. =ardoisé=, =-e=, _adj._, slate-colored. =ardoiser=, _v.a._, to slate. =ardoisier=, _n.m._, owner of, workman in (a slate-quarry). =ardoisi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, slaty. =ardoisière=, _n.f._, slate-quarry. ☉=ardre=. _V._ =brûler=. =ardu=, =-e=, _adj._, arduous, hard, difficult, steep. =are=, _n.m._, are, 119·6046 square yards. =arec=, _n.m._, (bot.) areca, nut. =aréfaction=, _n.f._, arefaction. =arénacé=, =-e=, _adj._, arenaceous. =arénation=, _n.f._, arenation. =arène=, _n.f._, sand; arena, lists, ring; cock-pit; battle-ground, theatre, scene. =aréneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, sandy, arenous. =aréole=, _n.f._, (anat., med.) areola. =aréomètre=, _n.m._, areometer. =aréométrie=, _n.f._, areometry. =aréopage=, _n.m._, areopagus. =aréopagite=, _n.m._, areopagite. =aréostyle=, _n.m._, (arch.) areostyle. =aréotectonique=, _n.f._, areotechtonics (military architecture). ☉=aréotique=, _n.m._, (med.) areotic. =aréquier=, _n.m._, (bot.) cabbage palm. =arête=, _n.f._, fish-bone; skeleton of a fish; (bot.) awn, beard, prickle; (arch.) arris; (nav.) quoin; (geom.) corner, edge; (geog.) ridge; (metal.) angle or edge, ridge; ridge (of a sword blade). _— de poisson_; (arch.) herring-bone work. _À vive —_; (carp.) sharp-edged. =arêtier= (-tié), _n.m._, (arch.) hip. =arêtière=, _n.f._, layer of mortar used in slating. =argala=, _n.m._, (orni.) hurgil. =argali=, _n.m._, (mam.) argali (wild sheep). =arganeau=, _n.m._, (nav.) ring-bolt, anchoring; convict-chain. =argémone=, _n.f._, argemone (thorny Mexican poppy). =argent=, _n.m._, silver; money, coin, cash; (her.) argent; pearl. _— vierge_; virgin silver. _Lingot d’—_; silver bullion. _— en feuilles_, _battu_; silver-leaf. _— vif_ (l.u.), _vif-argent_ (_n.p._); quicksilver. _Vaisselle d’—_; plate, silver-plate. _— blanc_; silver money. _— comptant_; ready money. _— monnayé_; coined money. _— d’Allemagne_; German silver. _— doré_; silver-gilt. _— amati_; deadened silver. _— en caisse_; cash in hand, money put by. _— dormant_; money lying idle. _— mort_; money paying no interest. _— mignon_; pin-money. _Un — fou_; no end of money. _Bourreau d’—_; spendthrift. _Pigne d’—_; pena silver. _À pomme d’—_; silver-headed. _À tête d’—_; silver-eyed. _Au croissant d’—_; (her.) argent-horned. _D’—_; silvery; (her.) argent. _En avoir pour son —_; to have one’s money’s worth. _Avoir le temps et l’—_; to have all one can wish for. _Être brouillé avec l’— comptant_; never to have any ready money. _Être cousu d’—_, _avoir de l’— à gogo_; to be rolling in riches. _Être court d’—_; to be short of money. _Jeter son — par la fenêtre_; to throw one’s money away. _Homme d’—_; mercenary man. _Lâcher de l’—_; to come down with one’s money. _Payer — sec_, _bas_, _— sur table_; to pay money down, on the nail, ready money. _Manger son —_; to squander one’s fortune away. _— comptant porte médecine_; money is a cure for all sores. _Faire rentrer de l’—_; to call in money. _Rapporter de l’—_; to bring in money. _Toucher de l’—_; to receive money. _Trouver de l’—_; to raise money. _Y aller bon jeu_, _bon —_; to be in earnest, to act frankly. _J’ai toujours l’— à la main_; I am always laying money out. _Payer — comptant_; to pay ready money. _Placer de l’—_; to invest money. _Prendre quelque chose pour — comptant_; to take anything for gospel. _Faire — de tout_; to turn everything into money. _C’est de l’— en barre_; it is as good as ready money, _or_ as the Bank of England. _— fait tout_; money makes the mare go. _Point d’—, point de Suisse_; no pay, no piper; no money, no Swiss; nothing, without paying. =argentage=, _n.m._, silvering, silver plating. =argenté=, _adj._, plated, silvered over; silvery, snowy. =argenter=, _v.a._, to silver over, to plate, to do over with silver. =argenterie= (-jan-trî), _n.f._, plate, silver-plate. =argenteur=, _n.m._, plater, silverer. =argenteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (pop., l.u.) moneyed. ☉=argentier=, _n.m._, steward; treasurer; silversmith. =argentifère=, _adj._, argentiferous. =argentin=, =-e=, _adj._, silvery, argentine; silver-toned, ringing, clear; (paint.) silvery. =argentine=, _adj._, (geog.) Argentine. =argentine=, _n.f._, argentine, silver-weed, wild tansy; (ich.) argentina. =argenture=, _n.f._, silver-plating. =argilacé=, =-e=, _adj._, clayey, argillaceous. =argile=, _n.f._, clay, potter’s clay, argil. _— à porcelaine_; China-clay. =argileu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, clayey, clayish, argillous. =argilière=, _n.f._, clay-pit. =argilifère=, _adj._, argilliferous. =argilolithe=, _n.m._, clay-stone. =argo=, _n.m._, (astr.) Argo. =argonaute=, _n.m._, argonaut; (conch.) argonauta; (moll.) nautilus. =argonautes=, _n.m.pl._, Argonauts. =argot=, _n.m._, cant, professional slang; slang; (gard.) the stub of a branch, above an eye or bud, dead-wood. =argoter=, _v.a._, to cut the stub of a tree above the eye. =argotiser=, _v.n._, to talk slang. =argousin=, _n.m._, convict-warder; bobby, peeler, catch-poll. =argue= (arg), _n.f._, (tech.) draw-bench, draw-room (for wire-drawing). =arguer=, _v.a._, (jur.) to accuse; to wire-draw, argue, infer, conclude. =arguer=, _v.n._, to argue; to conclude, to infer; to urge. =argument=, _n.m._, argument, reasoning; conjecture; evidence, proof, reason; theme, subject. _— dans les règles_; argument in due form. =argumentant=, _n.m._, arguer. =argumentateur=, _n.m._, arguer, disputer. =argumentation=, _n.f._, argumentation, arguing, reasoning. =argumenter=, _v.n._, to argue, to quibble. =argus=, _n.m._, (myth.) Argus; (ent., orn.) argus. =argutie= (-ci), _n.f._, quibble, hair-splitting, cavil. =argutieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, quibbling, caviling. =arianisme=, _n.m._, arianism. =aride=, _adj._, arid, dry, sterile. _Une terre —_; a barren ground. =aridité=, _n.f._, aridity, dryness; barrenness, unfruitfulness. =arien=, =-ne= (-in, -èn), _adj._, Arian. =arien=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, Arian. =ariette=, _n.f._, arietta. ☉=arigot=, _n.m._, a kind of fife. _V._ =larigot=. *=arille=, _n.f._, (bot.) seed-coat, mace, aril. =aristarque=, _n.m._, Aristarchus; hypercritic. =aristocrate=, _adj._, aristocratic. =aristocrate=, _n.m.f._, aristocrat. =aristocratie=, _n.f._, aristocracy. =aristocratique=, _adj._, aristocratic. =aristocratiquement= (-mān), _adv._, aristocratically. =aristoloche=, _n.f._, aristolochia, birth-wort, hard-wort. =aristotélicien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, Aristotelian. =aristotélicien=, _n.m._, Aristotelian. =aristotélisme=, _n.m._, Aristotelianism, Aristotelian philosophy. =arithméticien= (-in), _n.m._, arithmetician. =arithmétique=, _n.f._, arithmetic; accounts. =arithmétique=, _adj._, arithmetical. =arithmétiquement= (-mān), _adv._, arithmetically. =arithmomancie=, _n.f._, arithmomancy. =arizarum= (-rom), _n.m._, (bot.) friar’s cowl. =arlequin=, _n.m._, harlequin, merry-andrew; (orni.) spotted red-shank. _Habit d’—_; patchwork, medley. =arlequinade=, _n.f._, harlequinade. =arlequine=, _n.f._, harlequin’s dance. *=armadille=, _n.f._, armadillo. *=armadille=, _n.m._, (ent.) wood-louse. =armand=, _n.m._, drench, spiced-mash (for sick horses). =armateur=, _n.m._, owner of a privateer; ship-owner; captain of a privateer. =armature=, _n.f._, (arch., tech.) iron braces, stays, binding, cappings, armature (dynamo). =arme=, _n.f._, arm, weapon, arm (of the service); (bot.) weapon. _—s_; (her.) arms, coat of arms, hatchment; troops, forces; warfare; fencing. _—s blanches_; side-arms (the sabre, sword, bayonet). _— à feu_; fire-arms. _—s fausses_, _à enquerre_; (her.) irregular arms. _—s parlantes_; (her.) allusive heraldry. _Jaque d’—s_; coat of arms. _A —s parlantes_; (her.) exemplary. _Assaut d’—s_; assault at arms. _— de trait_; missile weapon. _Faisceau d’—s_; pile of arms. _Pas d’—s_; passage of arms. _Une salle d’—s_; a fencing school; armory. _Un maître d’—s_; a fencing-master. _Faire des —s_, _tirer des —s_; to fence. _Avoir les —s belles_; to fence gracefully. _Né pour les —s_; born a soldier. _Quitter les —s_; to leave the army. _Faire ses premières —s_; to make one’s first campaign. _Un fait d’—s_; a warlike feat or exploit. _Héraut d’—s_; herald at arms. _Homme d’—s_; man at arms. _Place d’—s_; a fortress. _Port d’—s_; carrying arms; gun license. _En venir aux —s_; to begin the war. _Porter les —s_; to serve as a soldier. _Aux —s!_ to arms! _Prendre les —s_; to take up arms. _Rendre déposer les —s_; to lay down one’s arms. _Faire passer par les —s_; to shoot, put to the sword. _Suspension d’—s_; cessation of hostilities. _— au bras!_ (milit.) stand at ease! _Haut les —s!_ lodge arms! _Portez —s!_ shoulder arms! _Présentez —s!_ present arms! _— à terre!_ ground arms! _— à volonté!_ slope arms! _Par la force des —s_; by force of arms. _Prendre les —s contre_; to take up arms against. _Sans —s_; unarmed. _Les —s sont journalières_; (fam.) victory is fickle. _Passer l’— à gauche_; (fam.) to be killed; to kick the bucket. =armé=, =-e=, _part._, armed, equipped; (her.) armed, cocked, at full cock. _— de toutes pièces_; armed from top to toe. _À main —e_; by force of arms. =armée=, _n.f._, army; forces, troops; fleet; host; bevy. _La grande —_; Napoleon’s army. _— de mer et de terre_; sea and land forces. _Corps d’—_; main body of troops, army corps. _— permanente_; standing army. _Fournisseur de l’—_; army-contractor. _Entrer dans l’—_; to enter the army. =armeline=, _n.f._, ermine (skin). =armement=, _n.m._, armament; arming, raising of forces; warlike preparations; accoutrements. =arménien=, =-ne=, (-in, -en), _adj._, Armenian. =arménien=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, Armenian. =arménienne=, _n.f._, Armenian stone. =armer=, _v.a._, to arm, to furnish with arms; (artil.) to load, to mount; to provoke; to rouse; to excite; to cock (a gun, &c.); to fortify; to heel (cocks); (nav.) to equip, to fit out; (nav.) to man (a pump); to strengthen, to bind; (phys.) to arm. _— une poutre de bandes de fer_; to strengthen a beam with iron bands. _— un aimant_; to arm a loadstone. _— les avirons_; (nav.) to ship the oars. _s’_=armer=, _v.r._, to arm one’s self, to take up arms, to provide one’s self with arms; to fortify, to protect, to secure one’s self against a thing; to summon up. _S’— de la prière_; to fortify one’s self with prayer. _S’— de tout son courage_; to summon up all one’s courage. =armet=, _n.m._, (ant.) helmet, head-piece. =armillaire= (-mil-lèr), _adj._, (astron.) armillary. _Sphère —_; armillary sphere. =armille=, _n.f._, (arch.) annulet; ring, circle. =arminianisme=, _n.m._, Arminianism. =arminien=, =-ne= (-in, -èn), _adj._, Arminian. =armistice=, _n.m._, armistice, truce. =armoire=, _n.f._, closet; cupboard; press. _— à glace_; wardrobe. =armoiries=, _n.f.pl._, (her.) coat of arms, arms, armorial bearings, hatchment. _— fausses_, _à enquerre_; irregular arms. =armoise=, _n.f._, artemisia. _— commune_; mugwort. =armoisin=, _n.m._, sarcenet. =armon=, _n.m._, futchel (of a coach). =armorial=, _n.m._, book of heraldry. =armoricain=, _n.m._, Armorican (of Brittany). =armorier=, _v.a._, to set, put, paint, a coat of arms, to blazon. =armorique=, _n.f._, Armorica. =armoriste=, _n.m._, armorist, heraldic engraver. =armure=, _n.f._, armor, casing; (phys.) armor; (nav.) fish (of a mast, yard). _— de tête_; headpiece. _— à l’épreuve_; armor-proof. _Revêtir son —_; to buckle on one’s armor. _— de la clef_; (mus.) signature. =armurerie=, _n.f._, gunsmithery, arm-manufactory; gun-trade, gun-making. =armurier=, _n.m._, armorer, gunsmith. =arnica=, _or_ =arnique=, _n.f._, (bot.) arnica. =arnicine=, _n.f._, (chem.) extract of arnica. =arnotto=, _n.m._, (bot.) arnotto. _V._ =roucou=. =aromate=, _n.m._, aromatic. =aromatique=, _adj._, aromatical, fragrant, spicy. =aromatisation=, _n.f._, aromatization. =aromatiser=, _v.a._, to aromatize. =aromatite=, _n.f._, aromatite. =arome=, _n.m._, flavor, aroma. =aronde=, _n.f._, swallow, swallow-fish. _Queue d’—_; (carp.) dove-tail. _Assembler en queue d’—_; to dove-tail. ☉=arondelle=, _n.f._, a kind of fishing-tackle. _— de mer_; any small vessel; a brigantine, pinnace, &c. ☉*=arpailleur=, _n.m._, gold-searcher. _V._ =orpailleur=. =arpège=, _n.m._, (mus.) arpeggio. =arpéger=, _v.n._, (mus.) to perform arpeggios. =arpent=, _n.m._, acre (French); about an acre and a half (English). =arpentage=, _n.m._, land-measuring; survey. =arpenter=, _v.a._, to survey, to measure lands; to walk at a great pace, to stride along, pace up and down. =arpenteur=, _n.m._, land-surveyor. =arpenteuse=, _n.f._, (ent.) span worm. =arqué=, =-e=, _part._, bent, crooked; arched, curved. =arquebusade=, _n.f._, arquebusade. =arquebuse=, _n.f._, arquebuse. ☉=arquebuser=, _v.a._, to shoot with an arquebuse. =arquebuserie= (-buz-rî), _n.f._, the business of a gunsmith. _V._ =armurerie=. =arquebusier=, _n.m._, arquebusier, musketeer; gunsmith. =arquer=, _v.a.n._, to bend, to curve, to arch, to crook. =arrachement= (-rash-mān), _n.m._, tearing up, away, pulling up or out, rooting up or out, clearing away, drawing, extraction; (arch.) toothing. _d’_=arrache-pied=, _adv._, without intermission, incessantly. =arracher=, _v.a._, to force from, out of, away from, off; to pull away; to drag, to draw, to lug away; to extort; to snatch from, to wrest, to wring; to extract (teeth); to wring (tears); to tear out, down; to wrest; to grub up. _— de mauvaises herbes_; to grub up weeds. _— un secret à quelqu’un_; to get a secret out of any one. _s’_=arracher=, _v.r._, to tear; to tear away, off; to get away; to break away. _S’— les cheveux_; to tear one’s hair. _On se l’arrache_; he or she is all the rage; there is a great run upon it. =arracheur=, _n.m._, drawer. _— de dents_; tooth-drawer. _— de cors_; corn-cutter. _Mentir comme un — de dents_; to lie unblushingly, or like an epitaph. =arracheuse=, _n.f._, (hat-making) picker. =arrachis=, _n.m._, plant rooted up; fraudulent rooting up of young trees. =arrachoir=, _n.m._, rooter, digger. ☉=arraisonner=, _v.a._, to argue with any one. _— un vaisseau_; (nav.) to speak, to hail. =arrangé=, =-e=, _part._, arranged; affected. =arrangeant=, =-e=, _adj._, accommodating, easy to deal with, to get on with. =arrangement=, _n.m._, arrangement, disposing, adjusting, setting in order, laying out; cooking up; trimming (lamps); accommodating; order, regularity, composure; method, proper arrangement or disposition; economy; composition, compounding; _pl._, terms; measures. _Entrer en —_; to compound. _J’ai pris des —s avec eux pour le paiement_; I have come to terms with them respecting payment. =arranger=, _v.a._, to set in order, to arrange, to do up; to rank, to range, to dispose, to class; to accommodate, to make up, to compromise, to conciliate, to compose; to suit, to agree with; to settle, to manage, to wind up; to cook up; to trim (lamps); to ill-treat; to blow up (any one); to fit up (a house); to trim up, to dress out. _— un jardin_; to do up a garden. _— quelque chose_; to contrive something. _— ses affaires_; to settle one’s affairs. _Il l’a arrangé de la bonne manière_; he gave it him well, gave him his deserts. _Comme vous voilà arrangé!_ what a sight you look! what a figure you cut! _Arrangez tout cela_; set all those things in order. _Cela m’arrange_; that suits me. _Cela ne m’arrange pas_; that does not suit me. _Arrangez-vous_; settle it among yourselves. _s’_=arranger=, _v.r._, to put, place one’s self; to settle; to set to rights; to be placed, arranged; to arrange, to make arrangements; to set one’s house in order; to compound; to be all right; to contrive; to make shift, to put up (with). _Cela s’arrangera_; that will be all right. _Il s’est très bien arrangé_; he has made his house very comfortable. _Qu’il s’arrange comme il voudra_; let him do as he likes. _Arrangez-vous_; do as best you can; that is your lookout. _Je m’en arrange_; I make shift with it. _Il s’est arrangé avec ses créanciers_; he has come to terms with his creditors. =arrentement= (-mān), _n.m._, (l.u.) renting; letting out. _Tenir par —_; to rent. =arrenter=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to rent, to let out. =arrérager=, _v.n._, to get in arrears. =arrérages=, _n.m.pl._, arrears. _Mandate d’— de rentes_; dividend warrant. _Laisser courir ses —_; to let one’s arrears run on. =arrestation=, _n.f._, arrest, custody. _Être en état d’—_; to be in custody. _Mettre quelqu’un en —_; to arrest any one. _Opérer l’— d’une bande de voleurs_; to capture a gang of thieves. =arrêt=, _n.m._, decree; decision, award, judgment; sentence; attachment (of both persons and goods); (horol.) stop-work; (tech.) rest, stop, stay. _— de mort_; sentence of death. _— par défaut_; judgment by default. _Chien d’—_; setter, pointer. _Robinet d’—_; stop-cock. _Maison d’—_; jail, lock-up. _Mandat d’—_; warrant. _—s forcés_, _simples_; (milit.) close, open, arrest. _Aux —s_; (milit.) under arrest; kept in (schol.). _Mettre aux —s_; (milit.) to put under arrest. _Lever les —s_; (milit.) to release from arrest. _Prononcer un —_; to pronounce judgment, to pass sentence. _Mettre la lance en —_; to couch the lance. _Temps d’—_; pause, stoppage, intermission. _En —_; at rest (of a lance); locked (of a pistol). =arrêté=, _n.m._, agreement, resolution; order, decision (of the police). _— de compte_; (com.) account agreed upon. =arrêté=, =-e=, _part._, stopped; hired, agreed for; decreed, agreed upon, resolved upon; arrested; fastened. _Avoir des idées —es_; to have fixed ideas. _Dessein —_; settled design. =arrête-bœuf=, _n.m._, (_—_) (bot.) cammoc, rest-harrow. =arrête-nef=, _n.m._, (_—_) (ich.) sucking-fish. =arrête-porte=, _n.m._, (_—_) gate, door-stop; door-keeper. =arrêter=, _v.a._, to arrest, to stop, to stay; to make fast, to fasten; to delay, to detain, to keep back; to give over; to put an end to; to suppress; to fix the attention of; to apprehend, to take into custody; to seize, to distrain; to hinder, to impede; to check, to curb; to staunch; to alleviate; to throw out of gear (machinery); to hire, to engage; to secure; to resolve upon, to agree; to conclude, to decree; to settle (an account); to pin; to scotch. _— un point en cousant_; to fasten a stitch. _— ses yeux sur_; to fix one’s eyes upon. _— un courrier_; to delay a courier. _— un volet_; to fasten a shutter. _Ses créanciers l’ont fait arrêté_; his creditors have had him arrested. _Qu’a-t-on arrêté dans cette réunion?_ what has been decided at that meeting? _— un marché_; to conclude a bargain. _— un domestique_, _une chambre_; to secure, engage a servant, a room. _— une place à la diligence_; to secure a place in the coach. _Rien ne l’arrête_; he sticks at nothing. =arrêter=, _v.n._, to stand still, to stop, to make a stay; to stop to bait (horses); to point, to set (of dogs). _s’_=arrêter=, _v.r._, to stop, to pause, to rest, to dwell upon; to stand still, to halt; to tarry, to loiter; to stop; to remain; to lag; to forbear; to hesitate; to give over, to suspend; to leave off; to be embarrassed; to be concluded (of bargains); to desist; to resolve upon; to draw up (of carriages); to be allayed (of pain); to be thrown out of gear (of machinery); to be fastened, to be pinned down. _Ma montre s’arrête_; my watch stops. _Il s’arrête, la mémoire lui manque_; he hesitates, his memory fails him. _Il ne faut pas s’arrêter à ce qu’il dit_; one must not mind what he says. _Vous vous arrêtez à des riens_; you stop at trifles. =arrêtiste=, _n.m._, compiler of decrees. ☉=arrhement=, _n.m._, the giving of earnest money. =arrher=, _v.a._, to give earnest-money. =arrhes= (âr), _n.f.pl._, earnest, earnest-money. _Donner des —_; to pay a deposit. =arrière=, _n.m._, back part, rear; (nav.) stern. _D’—_; (nav.) aft. _En —!_ back! _En —_; (nav.) abaft. _En —_; in arrears. _En — de_; behind. _Surveillant de l’—_; (nav.) after-guard. _Se ranger de l’—_; (nav.) to veer. _Tomber de l’—_; (nav.) to fall astern. _Avoir le vent —_, or _filer vent —_; to sail before the wind. =arrière=, _adv._, behind (of time and place); (nav.) aft, abaft. _Droit —_; right abaft. _Avoir vent —_; to go before the wind. =arrière=, _int._, away! avaunt! =arriéré=, =-e=, _adj._, in arrears; behindhand. =arriéré=, _n.m._, arrears. _Liquider l’—_; to pay up arrears. _Il a beaucoup d’— dans sa correspondance_; he is very much behindhand in his correspondence. =arrière-ban=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) arriere-ban, reserve. =arrière-bec=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (arch.) starling; breakwater; cutwater. =arrière-bouche=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (anat.) swallow (of the throat), pharynx, posterior fauces. =arrière-boutique=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) back shop. ☉=arrière-change=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) compound interest. =arrière-corps=, _n.m._, (_—_) (arch.) recess; back-building. =arrière-cour=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) back yard, back court. =arrière-dos=, _n.m._, (_—_) (arch.) altar-screen, reredos. =arrière-essaim=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) after-swarm. =arrière-faix=, _n.m._, (_—_) (surg.) after-birth. =arrière-fermier=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) under-farmer, under-tenant. =arrière-fief=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) arriere-fee _or_ mesne-fief. =arrière-fleur=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) second blossom. =arrière-garant=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (jur.) double security; security of the bail. =arrière-garde=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) rear-guard; (nav.) rear-division. =arrière-goût=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) after-taste. =arrière-main=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) back stroke; hindquarters (of a horse). =arrière-neveu=, _n.m._, (_—-—x_) great-nephew. _Les —x_; descendants, the latest posterity. =arrière-pensée=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) mental reservation. =arrière-petite-fille=, _n.f._, (_—-—s-—s_) great-grand-daughter. =arrière-petit-fils=, _n.m._, (_—-—s-—_) great-grandson. =arrière-plan=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (paint.) background. =arrière-point=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) back-stitch. =arrière-pointeuse=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) back-stitcher. =arrière-port=, _n.m._, inner harbor. =arriérer=, _v.a._, to defer, to put off; to throw behindhand. _s’_=arriérer=, _v.r._, to stay behind; to be in arrears (of payment). =arrière-saison=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) autumn. _L’— de la vie_; the evening of days, old age. =arrière-train=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) after-carriage, hind-quarters. =arrière-vassal=, _n.m._, (_—-vassaux_) rear-vassal. =arrière-voussure=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) back-arch. =arrimage=, _n.m._, (nav.) stowage; trim of the hold. =arrimer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to stow away; to trim the hold. =arrimeur=, _n.m._, stevedore. =arriser=, _v.a._, (nav.) to touch. =arrivage=, _n.m._, (nav.) arrival. =arrivée=, _n.f._, arrival, entrance, approach, landing, coming, advent; (nav.) falling off, lee-way. _À l’— de_; on the arrival of. _Aussitôt son —_; immediately after his arrival. _Jours d’—_; mail days. =arriver=, _v.n._, to come to land; to bear down; to arrive at, to approach, to be coming; to happen, to chance; (nav.) to bear up, to bear down, to veer; to come to pass; to occur; to befall, to chance, to attain, to reach, to succeed. _— à l’âge de_; to attain the age of. _Le navire arrive de ce côté_; the ship is bearing down this way. _La voiture arriva_; the coach arrived. _La nuit arriva_; night came on. _Un accident lui est arrivé_; an accident has happened to him. _Il arrivait à grands pas_; he was approaching with rapid strides. _— à bon port_; to reach home safely, to land; (of letters) to come to hand. _— à ses fins_, _à son but_; to compass one’s ends. _Il arrive tous les jours que_; it happens every day that. _Il lui est arrivé de dire_; he happened to say. _D’où il est arrivé que_; whence it came to pass that. _S’il arrive que vous ayez besoin de moi_; if you should chance to want me. _Quel malheur en peut-il arriver_; what mischief can it entail? _Quoi qu’il arrive_; come what may. _Qu’en arrivera-t-il?_ what will be the consequence, or the upshot? _Cela ne m’arrivera plus_; I will never do so again. _Un malheur n’arrive jamais seul_; misfortunes never come singly. _Arrivez!_ (fam.) come on! come in! _Arrive qui plante, arrive que pourra_; (prov.) happen what may, in any case. _— comme marée en Carême_; to come in the nick of time. =arrobe=, _n.f._, Spanish weight, arroba. =arroche=, _n.f._, (bot.) orach, goose-foot; mountain spinach. =arrogamment= (-ga-mān), _adv._, arrogantly, haughtily, insolently. =arrogance=, _n.f._, arrogance; haughtiness; superciliousness. =arrogant=, =-e=, _adj._, arrogant, haughty, supercilious. _s’_=arroger=, _v.r._, to arrogate to one’s self, to assume, to claim. ☉=arroi=, _n.m._, array, equipage. _Être en mauvais —_; to be in a sad pickle. =arrondi=, =-e=, _part._, rounded, made round; full. _Un visage —_; a full face. =arrondir=, _v.a._, to make a thing round, to round off; to aggrandize; to extend, increase; (paint.) to round off; (nav.) to double (a cape). _— une période_; to round off a period. _— une île_; (nav.) to sail round an island. _— ses biens_; to increase one’s estate. _s’_=arrondir=, _v.r._, to round, to get round; to increase one’s estate. =arrondissement= (-mān), _n.m._, rounding, making round; roundness; district, circuit; ward (of a town). =arrosage=, _n.m._, irrigation, watering. =arrosement= (a-rôz-mān), _n.m._, watering, sprinkling, besprinkling; (cook.) basting; paying all round, stake, pool (at play). =arroser=, _v.a._, to water, to irrigate, to besprinkle, to wet; to bedew; to soak; to bathe (with tears); (cook.) to baste; to distribute money. _— des créanciers_; to pay one’s creditors a trifle. _Arrosez ces gens-là_; keep in with those people (by giving them trifling presents). _— un repas de vin_; to wash down a meal with wine. =arrosoir=, _n.m._, watering-pot. =arrowroot=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) arrow-root. =arrugie=, _n.f._, (mining) drain. =ars=, _n.m.pl._, (vet.) vein of the fore leg; limb. _Saigner un cheval aux quatre —_; to bleed a horse in all four legs. =arsenal=, _n.m._, arsenal. _— de marine_; dock-yard. =arséniate=, _n.m._, arseniate. =arséniaté=, _adj._, combined with arseniate. =arsenic=, _n.m._, arsenic. =arsenical=, =-e=, _adj._, arsenical. =arsénieux=, _adj._, arsenious. =arsénique=, _adj._, (chem.) arsenic. =arsénite=, _n.m._, arsenite. =arsis=, _n.f._, (gram., mus.) arsis. =art=, _n.m._, art; skill; cunning, artifice. _Les termes de l’—_; technical terms. _L’— militaire_; military art. _Les —s libéraux_; the liberal arts. _Les beaux-—s_; the fine arts. _—s manufacturiers_; arts and manufactures. _— angélique_; (hist.) angelic art. _—s d’agrément_; accomplishments. _Bachelier ès —s_; bachelor of arts. _Maître ès —s_; master of arts. _Ouvrage d’—_; work of art. _Maîtres de l’—_; the connoisseurs, the learned, the masters of their craft. _Homme de l’—_; doctor. _Il a l’— de réussir dans tout ce qu’il entreprend_; he has the art of succeeding in all his undertakings. _L’— perfectionne la nature_; art improves nature. =artère=, _n.f._, artery. _Piquer une —_; to open an artery. =artériel=, =-le=, _adj._, arterial. =artériole=, _n.f._, (anat.) small artery. =artériologie=, _n.f._, arteriology. =artériotomie=, _n.f._, arteriotomy. =artérite=, _n.f._, arteritis. =artésien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, _n._, artesian. _Puits —_; artesian well. =arthralgie=, _n.f._, arthritis. =arthrite=, _n.f._, (med.) arthritis. =arthritique=, _adj._, arthritic. =arthrodie=, _n.f._, (anat.) arthrodia. =arthrose=, _n.f._, arthrosis. =artichaut=, _n.m._, artichoke. _—s_; spikes on a fence or gate. _— des toits_; house-leek. =article=, _n.m._, article, head; paragraph; matter, thing, subject; point; item; (gram.) article; (anat.) articulation; (bot.) article, ware, goods. _— de fond_; leading article. _— de Paris_; Paris speciality. _C’est un autre —_; that’s another matter. _Ce n’est pas un — de foi_; it is not worthy of credit. _Nous reviendrons sur cet —_; we shall resume this subject. _C’est un — à part_; that is a separate article. _À l’— de la mort_; at the point of death. _Faire l’—_; to puff one’s goods. =articulaire=, _adj._, (med.) articular. =articulation=, _n.f._, articulation, joint; (bot., anat.) joint, articulation; (jur.) allegation. =articulé=, =-e=, _part._, articulate; articulated, uttered, jointed, vertebrated. _D’une manière —e_; articulately, distinctly. =articuler=, _v.a._, to articulate, to pronounce; to enumerate; to set forth. _s’_=articuler=, _v.r._, to be articulated or jointed, to joint. =articuler=, _v.n._, to articulate. =artifice=, _n.m._, art; contrivance; slyness, cunning, craft, deceit; trick, stratagem; shuffle. _Caisse d’—_; (nav.) powder-chest. _Un feu d’—_; fireworks, pyrotechnics. _Tirer un feu d’—_; to let off fireworks. =artificiel=, =-le=, _adv._, artificial. =artificiellement= (-mān), _adv._, artificially. =artificier=, _n.m._, fireworks-maker, pyrotechnist. =artificieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, cunningly, craftily, artfully, slily. =artificieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, artful, cunning, crafty; shuffling, sly. ☉*=artillé=, =-e=, _adj._, (nav.) mounted with cannon. _Vaisseau —_; armored vessel. *=artillerie=, _n.f._, artillery, ordnance. _Une pièce d’—_; a piece of ordnance. _Grosse —_; heavy artillery. _— légère_; light artillery. _— de campagne_; field artillery. _— de siège_; battering or siege artillery. _— à pied_; foot artillery. _— à cheval_; horse artillery. _Parc d’—_; park of artillery. _Train d’—_; train of artillery. _Comité d’—_; board of ordnance. *=artilleur=, _n.m._, artilleryman, gunner. =artimon=, _n.m._, (nav.) mizzen. _Mât d’—_; mizzen mast. _Hune d’—_; mizzen top. =artisan=, _n.m._, artisan, handicraftsman, operative, artificer, mechanic, craftsman; author, architect, contriver. =artison=, _n.m._, (ent.) wood-fretter, moth. =artisonné=, _adj._, worm-eaten. =artiste=, _n.m.f._, artist, player, performer, actor, actress. =artistement=, _adv._, in an artistic manner; skillfully, artistically. =artistique=, _adj._, artist-like; artistic, of art. =arum= (-rom), _n.m._, (bot.) arum, wake-robin. =aruspice=, _n.m._, aruspex, diviner, soothsayer. =aruspicine=, _n.f._, (antiq.) aruspicy. =aryen=, =-ne=, _adj._, _n._, Aryan. =aryténoïde=, _adj._, (anat.) arytænoid. =as= (âss), _n.m._, ace (at cards, dice); as (Roman weight). =asaret=, _n.m._, (bot.) asarum. =asarum= (-rom), _n.m._, asarabacca, asarum. =asbeste=, _n.m._, asbestos. =ascaride=, _n.m._, (ent.) ascaris. =ascendant=, _n.m._, ascendant; ascendency, influence; power, ruling passion, ancestor. _Avoir de l’— sur_; to have influence over. _—s et descendants_; ancestors and descendants. =ascendant=, =-e=, _adj._, ascending, ascendant, upwards. =ascenseur=, _n.m._, hoist, lift. =ascension=, _n.f._, ascent; up-stroke (of machinery); ascension; ascending, rising; Ascension-day, Holy Thursday. _Jour de l’—_; Holy Thursday. =ascensionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, ascensional. =ascète=, _n.m.f._, ascetic, anchoret; monk. =ascétique=, _adj._, ascetic, rigid, severe. =ascétique=, _n.m._, ascetic. =ascétique=, _n.f._, ascetic doctrine. =ascétisme=, _n.m._, ascetism. =asciens= (as-si-in), _n.m.pl._, (geog.) Ascians. =ascite=, _n.f._, ascites, common dropsy. =ascitique=, _adj._, dropsical, ascitic. =asclépiade=, _n.m._, (poet.), asclepiad. =asclépiade=, _adj._, (poet.) formed of asclepiads. =asclépiade=, _n.f._, _or_ =asclépias=, _n.m._, (bot.) asclepias, swallow-wort. =asiarcat=, _n.m._, dignity of an asiarch. =asiarque=, _n.m._, (hist.) asiarch. =asiatique=, _adj._, _n._, Asiatic. =asile=, _n.m._, asylum, refuge, place of refuge, shelter, sanctuary; harbor, retreat, protection. _Salle d’—_; infant school. _Servir d’—_; to shelter. _Sans —_; shelterless, homeless. =asile=, _n.m._, wasp-fly. =asine=, _adj.f._, (l.u.) asinine, of the ass. _Bête —_; ass; blockhead. =aspect=, _n.m._, aspect, view, sight; look, countenance; phase, point of view. =asperge=, _n.f._, asparagus (head of). _Botte d’—s_; bundle of asparagus. =aspergement=, _n.m._, sprinkling. =asperger=, _v.a._, to sprinkle, to besprinkle. =aspergerie= _or_ =aspergière=, _n.f._, asparagus-bed or ground. =aspergés= (-jèss), _n.m._, aspergillum, holy-water sprinkler. _Je suis arrivé à l’—_; I entered the church as the priest was sprinkling the people with holy-water. =aspérité=, _n.f._, asperity, roughness, ruggedness; harshness; unevenness. =aspersion=, _n.f._, aspersion, sprinkling, besprinkling. =aspersoir=, _n.m._, holy-water brush; rose (of a water-pot). =aspérule=, _n.f._, (bot.) wood-ruff. =asphalte=, _n.m._, asphalt, asphaltum. =asphaltique= _or_ =asphaltite=, _adj._, asphaltic, bituminous. _Le lac —_; the asphaltic lake, the Dead Sea. =asphodèle=, _n.m._, (bot.) asphodel, king’s-spear, wild daffodil. =asphyxiant=, _adj._, asphyxiating, suffocating. =asphyxie=, _n.f._, (med.) asphyxy, suffocation, suspended animation. =asphyxié=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, a person in a state of asphyxia. =asphyxier=, _v.a._, to cause asphyxia, to suffocate. _Le gaz les asphyxia_; the gas suffocated them. _s’_=asphyxier=, _v.r._, to destroy one’s self by suffocation. =aspic=, _n.m._, aspic; asp; (bot.) aspic; spikenard; spike-lavender; (cook.) cold meat or fish, with jelly. _Langue d’—_; a viper’s tongue. =aspirant=, =-e=, _adj._, suction, sucking (of pumps). =aspirant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, candidate, suitor, aspirant, postulant; midshipman. _— au doctorat_; candidate for a doctor’s degree. _— de marine_; midshipman. =aspirateur=, _n.m._, (of air-pumps) exhauster. =aspiration=, _n.f._, inhaling, inspiration; (gram.) aspiration, breathing; (of pumps) exhaustion, suction; aspiration, longing after, fervent desire. _Tuyau d’—_; exhausting pipe. =aspiré=, =-e=, _adj._, aspirate; (hydr.) exhausted. =aspirée=, _n.f._, (gram.) aspirate. =aspirer=, _v.a._, to inspire; to inhale; to draw in; to suck in; (gram.) to aspirate; (hydr.) to exhaust. =aspirer=, _v.n._, to aspire, to covet, to aim at. _— aux honneurs_; to aspire after honors. _s’_=aspirer=, _v.r._, to suck; to be inhaled. =aspre=, _n.m._, asper, a Turkish coin. =assa=, _n.f._, (_n.p._), concrete gum, asa, assa. =assabler=, _v.a._, to fill with sand. =assabler=, _v.n._, to run aground; to be stranded. =assa dulcis=, _n.f._ (_n.p._), asa-dulcis, benzoin. =assa foetida=, _n.f._, (phar.) assafœtida. =assagir=, _v.a._, to make wise, to impart wisdom. _S’—_, _v.r._, to become wise. *=assaillant=, _n.m._, aggressor, assailant, besieger. *=assaillant=, =-e=, _adj._, aggressive. *=assaillir=, _v.a._, to assault, to assail, to attack; to surprise, to beset, to come upon. =assainir=, _v.a._, to make, to render healthy. _S’—_, _v.r._, to become healthy. =assainissement= (-mān), _n.m._, sanitation, purification, salubrity, drainage. =assaisonnement= (-zo-n-mān), _n.m._, condiment, seasoning, dressing. =assaisonner=, _v.a._, to season, to dress, to spice; to give a relish to; to make palatable; to set off, to give a zest to. =assaisonneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, seasoner. =assassin=, _n.m._, assassin, murderer, murderess; ruffian. _À l’—!_ murder! _Crier à l’—_; to call out murder. =assassin=, =-e=, _adj._, killing, murderous. =assassinant=, =-e=, _adj._, exceedingly tiresome, boring; killing, murdering. =assassinat=, _n.m._, assassination, willful murder, homicide, murder. ☉=assassinateur=, _n.m._, assassin, murderer. =assassiner=, _v.a._, to assassinate, to murder, to make away with; to bore, to tease, to plague any one to death. =assaut=, _n.m._, assault, storm, onset, onslaught; attack, shock; fencing match, assault. _Donner l’— à une place_; to storm a place. _Emporter une ville d’—_; to carry a town by storm. _Faire — d’esprit_; to make a trial of wit. _Faire — de_; to vie with each other in. =asséchage=, =asséchement=, _n.m._, drying up. =assécher=, _v.a._, to drain (mine); to dry up. =assemblage=, _n.m._, assemblage, collection, union; set, combination; (print.) gathering; (nav.) tabling; (carp.) bond, scarf. =assemblé=, =-e=, _part._, assembled, united, joined. =assemblée=, _n.f._, assembly, meeting, company, party; convocation; congregation (of churches); meeting, meet (of hunters). _Se réunir en — publique_; to meet in public assembly. _L’— se tient_; the meeting is being held. _— de jeu_; card-party. =assembler=, _v.a._, to collect, to gather; to get, bring, put or lay, together; to assemble, to convoke, to call together; (print.) to gather; (carp.) to trim, to scarf. _s’_=assembler=, _v.r._, to assemble, to meet; to come, to get or gather, together; to congregate, to muster. _Qui se ressemble s’assemble_; birds of a feather flock together. =assembleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, gatherer, collector. =asséner=, _v.a._, to strike, to deal (a blow). _Il lui asséna un coup de poing_; he struck him a violent blow with his fist. =assentiment=, _n.m._, assent. =assentir=, _v.n._, to agree to, to assent; (hunt.) to scent. =asseoir= (-soâr), (asseyant, assis), _v.a._, to seat; to set or put in a chair; to set, to lay, to fix; to establish, to rest, to ground; to pitch; to settle, to assess; to train (a horse). _— les fondements d’une maison_; to lay the foundations of a house. _— une rente_; to settle an annuity. _— un camp_; to pitch a camp. _Faire — quelqu’un à sa table_; to admit any one to one’s table. _s’_=asseoir=, _v.r._, to sit, to sit down; to be seated, to settle, to perch. _Asseyez-vous_; sit down. =assermenté=, =-e=, _part._, sworn. =assermenter=, _v.a._, to swear in, to administer the oath to. =asserti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, assertive. =assertion=, _n.f._, assertion, affirmation. =asservir=, _v.a._, to enslave, to reduce to servitude or slavery; to subject; to enthrall; to bring under subjection; to master, to subdue, to conquer. =asservissant=, _adj._, enslaving, subjecting, coercive. =asservissement= (-mān), _n.m._, subjection, enthrallment, bondage, servitude, slavery. =assesseur=, _n.m._, assessor (judge). =assette=, _n.f._, adze, hatchet. =assez=, _adv._, enough, sufficiently; pretty, rather. _J’en ai —_; I have had enough of it. _Vous avez — fait_; you have done enough. _Cela est — bien_; that is pretty well. _Cette femme est — jolie_; this woman is rather pretty. _Cela paraît — vraisemblable_; that appears likely enough. _— et plus qu’il n’en faut_; enough and to spare. _C’est —_, _en voilà —_; enough, that will do. _— parlé_; enough talking. _C’est — loin_; it is rather far. _On ne saurait avoir — de soin de sa santé_; one cannot take too much care of one’s health. _Cela est — de mon goût_; I like it well enough. _Suis-je — malheureux!_ could I be more unfortunate! _— volontiers_, _d’— bon cœur_; readily enough. =assidu=, =-e=, _adj._, assiduous, punctual; diligent, constant, attentive. =assiduité=, _n.f._, assiduity, application, diligence, attention. =assidûment=, _adv._, assiduously, constantly, sedulously, diligently, punctually. =assiégé=, _n.m._, besieged. _Les —s firent une sortie_; the besieged made a sally. =assiégeant=, =-e=, _adj._, besieging. =assiégeant=, _n.m._, besieger. =assiéger=, _v.a._, to besiege, to lay siege to; to surround; to beset, to dun. _Ses créanciers l’assiègent_; his creditors dun him. =assiette=, _n.f._, plate; seat, situation, sitting, posture; tone, state of the mind; temper, condition of one’s mind; assessment (of taxes); (nav.) trim; (man.) seat; (arch.) site. _—s blanches_; clean plates. _Une — à soupe_; a soup plate. _— d’argent_; a silver plate. _L’— d’une église_; the site of a church. _L’— d’un bâtiment_; the situation of a building. _Cela n’est pas dans son —_; that is not steady. _Il n’est pas dans son —_; he is out of sorts, not at his ease. _Faire l’— de_; to assess. _Piquer l’—_; to sponge. _Pique-—_; sponger. _L’— d’une rente_; the assignment of an annuity. _— d’un vaisseau_; trim of a ship. _Casseur d’—s_; swaggerer. _Son — dîne pour lui_; present or not, he pays all the same. =assiettée=, _n.f._, a plateful. *=assignable=, _adj._, assignable. ☉*=assignant=, _n.m._ _V._ =demandeur=. *=assignat=, _n.m._, assignat (French paper money.) _Legs par —_; specific legacy. *=assignation=, _n.f._, summons, subpœna, writ; appointment, rendezvous, assignation; assignment; transfer; (com.) check. _Signifier une — à quelqu’un_; to serve a writ upon any one. _Faire une — de_; to make an assignment of; (com.) appointment. _Manquer à l’—_; to break an appointment. *=assigné=, =-e=, _part._, summoned. *=assigné=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, defendant. _V._ =défendeur=. *=assigner=, _v.a._, to summon, to subpœna; to assign; to appoint, to allow, to allot. _Obtenir permission d’— quelqu’un_; to take out a writ against any one. =assimilable=, _adj._, assimilable. =assimilation=, _n.f._, assimilation. =assimiler=, _v.a._, to assimilate, to liken, to compare. _S’— à quelqu’un_; to compare one’s self to any one. =assis=, =-e=, _part._, seated. _Restez —_; keep your seat. _Voter par — et levé_; to give one’s vote by rising or by remaining seated. =assise=, _n.f._, (arch.) a course; (geol.) layer, stratum. =assises=, _n.f.pl._, assizes, session. _Cour d’—_; Assize Court. _Tenir les —_; to hold the assizes. _Cet homme tient ses — dans la maison_; this man is the oracle of the house. =assistance=, _n.f._, assistance, help, aid; relief, comfort; audience, company, by-standers; congregation (in a church). _— publique_; poor-law relief. =assistant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, assistant (of religious orders); onlooker, by-stander, beholder, spectator. _Il prit tous les —s à témoin_; he took all present to witness. =assistant=, =-e=, _adj._, assistant, helper. =assister=, _v.n._, to be at, to be present at, to attend, to stand by, to look on, to witness. =assister=, _v.a._, to assist, to help; to succor; to aid, to support; to attend. _— les pauvres_; to relieve the poor. _— ses amis de son crédit_; to use one’s interest in favor of. _Dieu vous assiste_; God help you! =association=, _n.f._, association, partnership, society; combination. _Contrat d’—_; deed of partnership. _— illégale_; conspiracy. _— de secours mutuels_; friendly benefit society. _Faire une — avec quelqu’un_; to enter into partnership with any one. =associé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, associate; fellow; member; companion; partner. _— bailleur de fonds_, _— commanditaire_; sleeping partner. =associer=, _v.a._, to associate, to admit or receive as a partner; to take into partnership; to divide or share something with any one. _s’_=associer=, _v.r._, to enter, to get into partnership with one; to associate one’s self with, to join, to combine, to be joined or connected with; to make any one a party to. =assoiffer=, _v.n._, to become thirsty. =assolement=, _n.m._, (agri.) rotation of crops. =assoler=, _v.a._, (agri.) to vary the crops. =assombrir=, _v.a._, to darken, to make gloomy, to throw a gloom over, to sadden, to cloud. _S’—_, _v.r._, to become, grow dark, gloomy; to darken (of the brow). =assommant=, =-e=, _adj._, wearisome, tiresome, boring, killing, oppressive (of heat). _Cet homme est —_; this man is a great bore. =assommer=, _v.a._, to beat to death, to knock on the head; to beat unmercifully; to overpower; to overwhelm, to bear down; to pester, to bore; to grieve, to oppress; to plague to death. _— à coups de bâton_; to beat to death with a stick. _La chaleur m’assomme_; the heat overpowers me. _s’_=assommer=, _v.r._, to kill one’s self, to be overwhelmed, to overburden one’s self. _Vous vous assommez à force de travail_; you are killing yourself by too much labor. =assommeur=, _n.m._, slaughterer, feller (of oxen). =assommoir=, _n.m._, trap; loaded bludgeon. _Coup d’—_; overpowering blow. _Quel —!_ what a bore! =assompti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, assumptive. =assomption=, _n.f._, assumption; (rel.) Assumption (Aug. 15). =assonah=, _n.m._ _V._ =sonna=. =assonance=, _n.f._, assonance. =assonant=, =-e=, _adj._, assonant. =assorti=, =-e=, _part._, stocked, furnished; matched; sorted; paired; suitable. _Il n’y a point de marchand mieux —_; no shop-keeper is better stocked. _Un mariage bien —_; a very suitable match. =assortiment=, _n.m._, set; assortment, stock, collection; match; sorting; combination. _Livres d’—_; books on sale (not published by the vendor). =assortir=, _v.a._, to sort, to match, to pair, to stock, to furnish. _Mal —_; to mis-match. _— des couleurs_; to match colors. _— une boutique_, to stock a shop. =assortir=, _v.n._, to match, to sort, to suit, to pair. _s’_=assortir=, _v.r._, to match, to agree, to suit; to be a match, to be suitable. =assortissant=, =-e=, _adj._, suitable, becoming, matching. =assoté=, =-e=, _adj._, infatuated, extremely fond, doting on. =assoter=, _v.a._, (fam. and iron.) to befool, to infatuate; to besot. _S’—_, _v.r._, to be foolishly fond of. =assoupir=, _v.a._, to make drowsy, heavy, dull; to lull, to assuage, to allay, to soften; to deaden; to suppress, to stifle, to still, to quiet, to hush, to hush up. _s’_=assoupir=, _v.r._, to grow drowsy, dull, heavy, sleepy; to fall asleep; to doze; to be assuaged, to be weakened; to be appeased, to be stilled. =assoupissant=, =-e=, _adj._, drowsy, sleepy, soporiferous, soporific. _Discours —_; speech that sends one to sleep. =assoupissement= (-mān), _n.m._, drowsiness, sleepiness, heaviness; carelessness, sloth, negligence, supineness, hushing up; (med.) coma. =assouplir=, _v.a._, to make supple, to render flexible, tractable; (man.) to break in. _— un cheval_; to break in a horse. _— une étoffe_; to make a stuff soft. _s’_=assouplir=, _v.r._, to become supple, manageable. =assourdir=, _v.a._, to deafen, to make deaf; to stun; to muffle (a bell, an oar); (paint.) to darken. _s’_=assourdir=, _v.r._, to grow deaf. =assourdissant=, _adj._, deafening. =assourdissement=, _n.m._, deafening noise; muffling, deadening; temporary deafness. =assouvir=, _v.a._, to glut, to satiate, to cloy, to surfeit, to gratify. _— ses passions_; to gratify one’s passions. _— sa faim_; to satiate one’s hunger. _s’_=assouvir=, _v.r._, to be satiated, glutted, surfeited, cloyed, gratified. =assouvissement= (-mān), _n.m._, glutting, cloying, satiating. =assujettir=, _or_ =assujétir=, _v.a._, to subdue, to enthrall, to bring under, into, subjection; to subject, to tie down; to oblige; to fix, to fasten, to wedge in. _— ses passions_; to master one’s passions. _S’— à quelque chose_; to tie one’s self down to a thing. _s’_=assujettir=, _v.r._, to subject one’s self to. =assujettissant=, =-e=, _adj._, binding, constraining, fettering, restrictive. =assujettissement= (-mān), _n.m._, subjection, enthrallment; constraint. =assumer=, _v.n._, to take upon one’s self, to assume. =assurance=, _n.f._, assurance, certainty, certitude; security, safety; pledge; trust, confidence; protestation, promise; insurance; boldness, confidence, hardihood. _— maritime_; marine insurance. _— contre l’incendie_; fire insurance. _— sur risques ordinaires_; common insurance. _— sur la vie_; life insurance. _Bureau d’—_; insurance-office. _Courtier d’—_; insurance broker. _Police d’—_; policy insurance. _Avec —_; safely. _Il est en lieu d’—_; he is in a safe place. _Donnez-moi des —s_; give me a security. _Prenez ma montre pour —_; take my watch as a security. _Il met son — en Dieu_; he puts his trust in God. _Il parle avec —_; he speaks boldly. _Prenez de l’—_; put on a little assurance. _Il n’y a pas d’— à prendre en vous_; there is no reliance to be placed in you. =assure=, _n.f._, woof, texture. =assuré=, =-e=, _adj._, sure, safe, secure; certain; bold, confident; impudent; trusty; insured. _Une retraite —e_; a safe retreat. _Sa perte est —e_; his ruin is infallible. =assuré=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, person insured. =assurément=, _adv._, assuredly, surely, to be sure; doubtless, undoubtedly; certainly, sure enough. _Oui, —_; yes, doubtless. _— non_; certainly not. =assurer=, _v.a._, to assure (a person of a thing); to assert, to affirm, to promise; to secure, to make sure of; to guarantee; to inspire with confidence; to fix firmly; to fasten; to insure; to underwrite; (man.) to accustom to the bit. _Il a assuré son argent_; he has made sure of his money. _— la bouche d’un cheval_; to accustom a horse to bear the bit. _— une maison contre l’incendie_; to insure a house against fire. _— pour l’aller_; (com.) to insure out. _— pour le retour_; to insure home. _s’_=assurer=, _v.r._, to secure, to make sure of; to ascertain; to be confident of; to satisfy one’s self; to be assured, to be sure; to be persuaded, to be convinced. _S’— de quelqu’un_; to secure any one, to engage him. _S’— d’un poste_; to make sure of a position. =assureur=, _n.m._, underwriter, insurer, assurer. =assyrien=, =-ne=, _adj._, _n._, Assyrian. =astéisme=, _n.m._, (rhet.) asteism, irony. ☉=astelle=, _n.f._, (surg.) splint, bolster. _V._ =attelle=. =aster=, _n.m._, (bot.) star-wort, aster. =astérie=, _n.f._, asteria, star-stone; star-fish. =astérisme=, _n.m._, (astron.) asterism. =astérisque=, _n.m._, asterisk. =astéroïde=, _n.m._, asteroid. =asthénie=, _n.f._, (med.) debility, asthenia. =asthmatique= (as-ma-tik), _adj._, asthmatical. =asthme= (as-m), _n.m._, asthma. =astic=, _n.m._, glazing-stick, polisher. =asticot=, _n.m._, gentle, maggot, worm. =asticoter=, _v.a._, to plague; to tease, to vex. _Il est toujours à m’—_; he is always plaguing me. =astiquer=, _v.a._, to polish, to glaze; to clean up, to dress up. =astracan=, _n.m._, astrakhan (fur). =astragale=, _n.m._, (arch., bot.) astragal; (anat.) astragalus, talus, ankle-bone; (gilding, paint.) fillet; milk-vetch, wild liquorice. =astral=, =-e=, _adj._, astral, starry. =astre=, _n.m._, star, fixed star, luminary. _—s errants_; wandering stars. _Cette femme est belle comme un —_; this woman is quite a paragon of beauty. =astrée=, _n.f._, (astron.) Astrea; (zoöl.) astrea. =astreindre= (astreignant, astreint), _v.a._, to force, to compel; to subject; to bind down, to oblige. _s’_=astreindre=, _v.r._, to confine one’s self, to tie one’s self down, to anything. =astriction=, _n.f._, (med.) astriction. =astringence=, _n.f._, astringency. =astringent=, =-e=, _adj._, astringent. =astringent=, _n.m._, astringent. =astroïte=, _n.f._, astroit. =astrolabe=, _n.m._, (astron.) astrolabe. =astrolâtre=, _n.m._, star-worshiper. =astrolâtrie=, _n.f._, astrolatry. =astrolâtrique=, _adj._, star-worshiping. =astrologie=, _n.f._, astrology. =astrologique=, _adj._, astrological. =astrologue= (-log), _n.m._, astrologer. =astronome=, _n.m._, astronomer. =astronomie=, _n.f._, astronomy. =astronomique=, _adj._, astronomical, astronomic. =astronomiquement= (-mān), _adv._, astronomically. =astuce=, _n.f._, craft, guile, wile, cunning. =astucieusement=, _adv._, craftily, cunningly. =astucieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, crafty, wily. =asyle=. _V._ =asile=. =asymétrie=, _n.f._, asymmetry. =asymptote=, _n.f._, (geom.) asymptote. =asymptotique=, _adj._, asymptotical. =asyndète=, _n.m._, (rhet.) asyndeton. =ataraxie=, _n.f._, ataraxy, quietude. =atavisme=, _n.m._, atavism. =ataxie=, _n.f._, (med.) ataxy. =ataxique=, _adj._, (med.) ataxic, irregular. =atelier=, _n.m._, workshop, manufactory; study; studio; office; shed; gang (workmen). _Chef d’—_; foreman. _Tout l’— m’a quitté_; all my workmen have left me. _Jour d’—_; best, true light. =atellanes=, _n.f.pl._, (hist.) Atellanae. =atermoiement= _or_ =atermoîment=, _n.m._, delay of payment; composition, delay, evasion, shift. =atermoyer=, _v.a._, to put off; to delay a payment. =atermoyer=, _v.n._, to try to gain time; to shuffle. _s’_=atermoyer=, _v.r._, to compound with one’s creditors. =athée=, _n.m._, atheist. =athée=, _adj._, atheistical, atheistic. =athéisme=, _n.m._, atheism. =athénée=, _n.m._, athenæum. =athénien=, =-ne=, (-ni-in, -ni-è-n), _adj._, Athenian. =athénien=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, Athenian. =athérome=, _n.m._, (med.) atheroma. =athlète=, _n.m._, athlete; wrestler; champion. =athlètique=, _n.f._, athletics. =athlètique=, _adj._, athletic, athletical. =atlante=, _n.m._, (arch.) atlantes. =atlantide=, _n.f._, Atlantis. =atlantides=, _n.f.pl._, (astron.) Atlantides. =atlantique=, _adj._, Atlantic. =atlantique=, _n.f._, Atlantic. =atlas=, _n.m._, atlas; (anat.) atlas. =atmosphère=, _n.f._, atmosphere. =atmosphérique=, _adj._, atmospherical, atmospheric. =atome=, _n.m._, atom, corpuscle. =atomique=, _adj._, atomical, atomic. =atomisme=, _n.m._, atomism, doctrine of atoms. =atomiste=, _n.m._, atomist. =atomistique=, _adj._, atomical. _Théorie —_; atomic theory. =atone=, _adj._, atonic, dull, lack-lustre, fixed, staring. =atonie=, _n.f._, (med.) atony, debility. =atonique=, _adj._, (med.) atonic, debilitated. =atours=, _n.m.pl._, woman’s attire, ornament, dress. _Dame d’—_; lady of the bedchamber. _Être dans ses plus beaux —_; to be dressed in all one’s finery. [Generally used in the plural.] ☉=atourner=, _v.a._, to attire, to trick out, to dress out, to bedizen. =atout=, _n.m._, a trump; trump-card. _Jouer —_; to play trumps; (fam.) quietus. =atrabilaire=, _adj._, splenetic; gloomy, morose, peevish, bilious; melancholy. =atrabile=, _n.f._, (med), black bile, hypochondria. =âtre=, _n.m._, fire-place, hearth, floor (of ovens). =atroce=, _adj._, atrocious, odious, grievous, cruel, flagitious, excruciating. =atrocement= (-mān), _adv._, atrociously, cruelly, outrageously. =atrocité=, _n.f._, atrociousness, heinousness, grievousness; atrocity. =atrophie=, _n.f._, (med.) atrophy. =atrophié=, =-e=, _adj._, wasted, withered, atrophied, stunted. =atrophier=, _v.a._, to waste, to wither. _S’—_, _v.r._, to waste away. =attaballe=, _n.m._, attabal (Moorish tabor). =attablé=, =-e=, _part._, seated at table. =attabler=, _v.a._, to set to table. _s’_=attabler=, _v.r._, to sit down to, to take one’s place at, table. =attachant=, =-e=, _adj._, engaging, captivating, winning, interesting, attractive, pleasing. =attache=, _n.f._, string, cord, strap, leash, tether (for dogs); band (of wood, iron); tie, fastening, rivet; attachment, inclination; consent; (anat.) attachment, stabling. _Mettre un chien à l’—_; to tie a dog up. _Prendre des chevaux à l’—_; to take in horses. _Vivre sans —_; to live free. _Être à l’—_; to be always slaving. =attaché=, =-e=, _part._, fastened, fixed, attached; tied, bound; intent on, bent on. _— à son opinion_; wedded to one’s own opinion. =attaché=, _n.m._, attaché (of an embassy). =attachement= (-tash-mān), _n.m._, attachment; affection; inclination; eagerness, constant application, zeal, tie, bond; (arch.) _pl._, memoranda of work done. _— à l’étude_; fondness for study. =attacher=, _v.a._, to fasten, to make fast, to attach, to fix, to stick, to tack; to connect, to join; to apply, to affix; to suspend, to hang; to hook, to link, to chain, to rivet; to engage, to bind, to endear, to captivate; to interest, to make attentive, to occupy. _— avec une épingle_; to pin. _— avec une courroie_; to strap. _— avec un crochet_; to hook. _— avec de la colle de pâte_; to paste. _— avec de la colle forte_; to glue. _C’est ce qui m’attache à vous_; this is what binds me to you. _— du prix à quelque chose_; to set a value upon something. _— le grelot_; to bell the cat. _s’_=attacher=, _v.r._, to take hold, to hold to, to fasten on; to cling; to cleave, to stick, to keep close, to adhere; to be attached, to have an affection for, to interest one’s self in; to apply one’s self to; to gain over. _La poix s’attache aux doigts_; pitch sticks to the fingers. _Ils s’attachèrent l’un à l’autre_; they became attached to each other. _Je m’attachai à lui plaire, mais en vain_; I used all my efforts to please him, but in vain. _S’— à remplir son devoir_; to strive to fulfill one’s duty. =attaquable=, _adj._, assailable; that may be attacked; of doubtful validity. =attaquant=, _n.m._, assailant, aggressor. =attaque=, _n.f._, attack, onset; assault; approach; insult, reproach; aggression; fit, stroke. _Elle a eu une — de nerfs_; she has had a nervous attack. =attaqué=, =-e=, _part._, attacked, stricken, assaulted, set upon; provoked, urged. =attaquer=, _v.a._, to attack, to assail, to assault, to fall _or_ set upon one, to come upon; to sue; (man.) to spur; to impugn, to reproach, to censure; to contest the validity of a document, to sue; to begin; to provoke; (nav.) to near a cape, a coast. _— quelqu’un de paroles_; to insult any one. _L’— sur sa naissance_; to reproach him his birth. _— quelqu’un de conversation_; to address a person. _— le taureau par les cornes_; to seize the bull by the horns. _Il attaque bien la note_; (mus.) he strikes the note well. _Il attaque bien la corde_; he makes the string tell. _s’_=attaquer=, _v.r._, to challenge, to defy, to set upon; to find fault with; to fall foul of any one; to fall upon, to encounter any one. _Il s’est attaqué à son maître_; he has encountered one who is more than his match. =attarder=, _v.a._, to delay. _V._ =retarder=. _s’_=attarder=, _v.r._, to be belated, to loiter on the way, to linger. =atteindre= (atteignant, atteint), _v.a._, to touch, to strike, to hit, to hurt, to injure; to reach, to attain; to affect; to arrive at, to come to; to come up to, to overtake, to catch, to join; to equal. _Il n’a pas atteint le but_; he has not hit the mark. _La balle l’atteignit au front_; the ball struck him in the forehead. _— son maître_; to equal one’s master. _— l’âge de_; to attain the age of. _Ce danger ne saurait m’—_; this danger cannot reach me. _Nous atteindrons le village avant la nuit_; we shall reach the village before night. _— l’ennemi_; to come up with the enemy. _Il a beau courir, je l’atteindrai_; it is in vain for him to run, I shall overtake him. _Être atteint de_; to be seized with. =atteindre=, _v.n._, to reach, to come at, to touch; to attain, to compass. _Je ne saurais y —_; I cannot reach it, come up to it. _— au but_; to hit the mark. _— à la perfection_; to attain to perfection. =atteint=, =-e=, _part._, hit, struck; attacked, seized, affected, reached. _— d’un crime_; arraigned for a crime. =atteinte=, _n.f._, blow, stroke, touch; attack, fit, seizure (of disease); injury, damage, harm, wrong; reach; outrage; (man.) overreach. _Les —s du froid_; the ill-effects of cold. _Une légère — de goutte_; a slight touch of the gout. _Sa santé n’a jamais reçu d’—_; his health has never received any injury. _Porter — à_; to injure, to impair, to commit an offense against. _Subir une —_; to receive a blow, an injury. _Je suis hors de ses —s_; I am out of his reach. _Porter — à l’honneur_; to sully the fair name of. _Porter — aux droits de_; to infringe the rights of. =attelage= (-laj), _n.m._, team, yoke, set, pair; carriage, horses. =atteler= (-lé), _v.a._, to put horses to; to yoke. _Dites au cocher qu’il attelle_; tell the coachman to put the horses to. _C’est une charrette mal attelée_; they are an ill-assorted couple. =attelle=, _n.f._, hame; (surg.) splint. =attenant=, =-e= (-nān, -t), _adj._, next, contiguous, adjoining. ☉=attenant=, _prep._, next to, close by. _en_ =attendant=, _adv._, in the mean time, in the interim, meanwhile, till then, temporarily. _en_ =attendant que=, _conj._, till, until. _Jouons en — qu’il vienne_; let us play till he comes. _En — — mieux_; until something better turns up. =attendre=, _v.a._, to wait for, to stay for, to tarry for; to look forward to; to expect; to look for; to await, to attend, to be in store for. _— la mort_; to await death. _Le dîner nous attend_; the dinner is waiting for us. _Nous l’attendons à dîner_; we expect him to dinner. _Je l’attends à tout moment_; I expect him every minute. _C’est là où je l’attends_; there I shall have him. _Attendez-moi sous l’orme_; you may wait for me till doomsday. _Voilà le sort qui vous attend_; this is the fate in store for you. _Attendez!_ stay! hold! _Je suis las d’—_; I am tired of waiting. _Attendons encore un peu_; let us wait a little longer. _Qu’il attende_; let him wait. _Tout vient à point à qui sait —_; patience brings all things about. _Il attend que son fils revienne_; he is waiting till his son returns. _Attendez jusqu’à demain_; wait till to-morrow. _Une question n’attendait pas l’autre_; question followed question. _s’_=attendre=, _v.r._, to rely upon, to count upon; to trust, to trust to; to expect, to expect, to look forward to, to anticipate; to reckon upon. _Se faire —_; to keep people waiting. _Il ne faut pas s’— à cela_; we must not rely upon that. _Je m’y attends_; I expect it. _Je ne m’attendais pas à cela_; I did not expect that. _Attendez-vous-y!_ I wish you may get it! =attendri=, =-e=, _part._, moved, affected, touched. =attendrir=, _v.a._, to make tender, to soften; to touch; to move, to affect. _Cela attendrit la viande_; that makes meat tender. _Ses larmes m’ont attendri le cœur_; his tears have softened my heart. _s’_=attendrir=, _v.r._, to grow tender; to be moved, to melt, to pity, to relent, to soften. _S’— sur le sort de quelqu’un_; to pity the fate of any one. =attendrissant=, =-e=, _adj._, moving, affecting, heart-stirring, soul-moving. =attendrissement= (-mān), _n.m._, compassion, feeling, emotion, sensibility; relenting, tenderness. =attendu=, _prep._, considering, on account of, in consideration of. _— que_; seeing that, as, whereas, in _or_ for as much as. =attenir=, _v.n._, to adjoin; to be contiguous. =attentat=, _n.m._, attempt at crime; crime; attempt; criminal attempt; indecent assault; outrage; infringement, violation. _— à la pudeur_; upon the life of. _— contre les lois_; outrage upon the laws. =attentatoire=, _adj._, (jur.) hostile, outrageous, unlawful, in contempt of. =attente=, _n.f._, expectation, waiting; hope, expectation. _Remplir_, _tromper_, _l’—_; to come up to, to deceive, expectation. _Pierre d’—_; (arch.) toothing; (fig.) stepping-stone. _Être dans l’— de_; to be expecting. _Ligature d’—_; (surg.) temporary ligature. _Salle d’—_; waiting-room. (com.) _Dans l’— de vous lire_; awaiting the favor of a reply. =attenter=, _v.n._, to attempt, to make an attempt. _— a la vie de quelqu’un_; to make an attempt upon any one’s life. _— contre la liberté publique_; to make an attempt against public liberty. _— à ses jours_; to try to take one’s own life. =attenti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, attentive, heedful, mindful, considerate; studious; diligent, careful. _Être — à_; to look after, to see to. =attentifs=, _n.m.pl._, followers. =attention=, _n.f._, attention, attentiveness, care; heed, mindfulness, carefulness, vigilance; regard, respect, consideration. _Faute d’—_; inadvertently. _Force d’—_; intentness. _Avec —_; attentively. _Manque d’—_; heedlessness. _Faire une chose avec —_; to do a thing with care. _Faire — à_; to mind. _— au commandement!_ (milit.) attention! _Faites donc —_; mind what you say, what you do. _N’y faites pas —!_ do not mind it! _Regarder avec —_; to look fixedly. _Prêtez-y —_; pay attention to it. _Cela mérite —_; that deserves notice. _S’attirer l’— du public_; to attract the notice of the public. _Plein d’—_; regardful, mindful. _Sans —_; reckless. _Il a eu l’— de m’avertir_; he was good enough to warn me. _Il a pour moi de grandes —s_; he has a great regard for me. _Attention!_ Look out! =attentionné=, =-e=, _adj._, attentive. =attentivement= (-mān), _adv._, attentively, carefully. =atténuant=, =-e=, _adj._, attenuant; (jur.) palliating, extenuating. =atténuant=, _n.m._, (med.) attenuant. =atténuation=, _n.f._, attenuation, weakness; extenuation, mitigation, palliation. =atténué=, =-e=, _adj._, attenuated, wasted, emaciated, palliated; tapering. =atténuer=, _v.a._, to attenuate, to weaken, to make thin; to extenuate, to mitigate, to palliate, to underrate. _— un crime_; to palliate a crime. =atterrage=, _n.m._, (nav.) landing, landfall, making land. =atterrant=, =-e=, _adj._, astounding, startling, overwhelming. =atterrer=, _v.a._, to throw or strike down, to bring to the ground; to overthrow; to destroy, to demolish, to ruin; to subvert; to deject, to cast down; to astound, to overwhelm. =atterrer=, _v.n._, (nav.) to make land. =atterrir=, _v.n._, (nav.) to land, to make land. =atterrissage=, _n.m._, landing, making land. =atterrissement= (-ĕr-ris-mān), _n.m._, alluvion, accretion, alluvium. =attestation=, _n.f._, attestation, certificate, voucher, oath, affidavit. =attester=, _v.a._, to attest, to certify, to vouch, to witness, to swear, to testify, to call, to take to witness. _J’en atteste le ciel_; I call heaven to witness. _J’en atteste les dieux_; witness, ye gods. =atticisme=, _n.m._, Atticism. =atticiste=, _n.m._, Atticist. =attiédir=, _v.n._, to make lukewarm, to cool, to abate. _Le temps attiedira leur zèle_; time will cool their ardor. _s’_=attiédir=, _v.n._, to cool, to grow cool, lukewarm, to become cool. =attiédissement= (-mān), _n.m._, lukewarmness, coolness; abatement. =attifement=, _n.m._, toggery, rig-out. =attifer=, _v.a._, to dress out; to bedizen. _s’_=attifer=, _v.r._, to dress oneself out, to rig oneself out. =attifet=, _n.m._, ornament, trinket. =attique= (at-tik), _adj._, Attic; (arch.) attic. _Goût —_; Attic taste. _Sel —_; Attic salt, Attic wit. =attique=, _n.m._, Attic; (arch.) attic, attic story. =attiquement=, _adv._, (gram.) after the Attic dialect. *=attirail=, _n.m.sing._, apparatus, implements, utensils, tire, gear, furniture, tackle, baggage, train, equipage, paraphernalia; show, pomp. _L’— d’une imprimerie_; the materials and implements of a printing-office. _L’— d’une cuisine_; kitchen apparatus and utensils. =attirant=, =-e=, _adj._, attractive, alluring, enticing, engaging. =attirer=, _v.a._, to attract, to draw; to incite; to bring over, to win over, to gain over; to lure, to wheedle, to entice, to bring upon, to inspire. _L’aimant attire le fer_; the loadstone attracts iron. _— par des caresses_; to wheedle by caresses. _— l’ennemi dans une embuscade_; to draw the enemy into an ambuscade. _— les yeux_, _les regards de tout le monde_; to attract the eyes of all the world. _Un malheur en attire un autre_; one misfortune seldom comes alone. _s’_=attirer=, _v.r._, to draw down upon one, to draw _or_ bring upon oneself; to incur, to run into, to get into, to attract; to win, to gain, to get. _— l’attention du public_; to attract the notice of the public. _— des affaires_; to get one’s self into scrapes. =attiser=, _v.a._, to make up (the fire), to stir up; to poke; (fig.) to incense, to stir up. _— le feu_; to fan the flame. =attisoir= _or_ =attisonnoir=, _n.m._, (in foundries), poker. =attitrer=, _v.a._, (seldom used but in the _past participle_) to appoint, to recognize; to bribe. _Juges attitrés_; appointed judges. _Marchand attitré_; the shopkeeper one usually deals with. _Témoins attitrés_; bribed witnesses. =attitude=, _n.f._, attitude, (paint.) posture. =attouchement= (-toosh-mān), _n.m._, touch, feeling, contact. =attract-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, attractile. =attracti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, attractive. =attraction=, _n.f._, attraction. =attraire=, _v.a._, to allure, to entice. =attrait=, _n.m._, allurement, attraction, charm; (rel.) comfort. _La beauté est un puissant —_; beauty is a powerful charm. =attrape=, _n.f._, bite, trick, take-in, sell, hoax. =attrape=, _n.m._ _— nigaud_; fool-trap. _— mouche_; catch-fly. _C’est un — tout_; he is a grabber. =attrape-lourdaud=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) clap-trap; catch-penny. =attrape-parterre=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) (l.u.) clap-trap for the pit, clap-trap. =attraper=, _v.a._, to entrap, to ensnare, to trap; to take in, to catch; to overreach; to cheat, to trick; to overtake; to get, to secure; to receive; to compass; to take, to surprise; to hit, to reach; to seize. _— un renard dans un piège_; to entrap a fox. _Prenez garde à vous, il vous attrapera_; look to yourself, he’ll take you in. _Il en a attrapé de plus fins que vous_; he has taken in more cunning people than you are. _Attrape qui peut_; scramble for it. _Attrapé!_ caught! _Il a attrapé un bon bénéfice_; he has got a good living. _— un rhume_; to catch a cold. _— un coup_; to get a blow. _— quelqu’un sur le fait_; to catch any one in the act. _La pierre l’a attrapé à la tempe_; the stone hit him on the temple. _— le sens_, _la pensée_, _d’un auteur_; to catch the sense, to hit upon the meaning of an author. _— un caractère_; to hit off a character. _— la ressemblance_; to hit off the likeness. _Attrape!_ take that! _s’_=attraper=, _v.r._, to be caught; (man.) to clip. =attrapeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, deceiver, deluder, cheat, trickster. =attrapoire=, _n.f._, trap, pit-fall, snare; wile, trick. =attrayant=, =-e=, _adj._, attractive, inviting, winning, engaging, charming. =attribuer=, _v.a._, to attach, to annex; to attribute, to ascribe, to impute (a thing to any one); to assign, to confer. _— des privilèges à une charge_; to assign; to attach privileges to an office. _s’_=attribuer=, _v.r._, to assume, to take upon one’s self, to arrogate to one’s self; to claim. _Il s’attribue de grands droits_; he claims extensive rights. =attribut=, _n.m._, attribute, prerogative; (log.) predicate, attribute, quality; symbol, emblem. =attributi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, attributive; (law) relative. =attribution=, _n.f._, conferring; privilege, prerogative; _pl._, powers; province, department. (law) cognizance, competence. _Lettres d’—_; patents conferring power (to act). =attristant=, =-e=, _adj._, sad, sorrowful, melancholy, grievous. =attrister=, _v.a._, to grieve, to afflict, to trouble, to cast down, to throw a gloom over. _Cette nouvelle l’attriste_; that piece of news grieves him. _s’_=attrister=, _v.r._, to grieve, to yield to sorrow; to be sad, to become sorrowful. =attrition=, _n.f._, (theol.) attrition; (phys.) attrition, friction. =attroupement= (-troop-mān), _n.m._, gathering, riotous assemblage, mob, rabble. _Loi contre les —s_; Riot Act. =attrouper=, _v.a._, to assemble, to gather together. _Il attroupa toute la canaille_; he gathered all the rabble together. _s’_=attrouper=, _v.r._, to flock together, to gather in crowds, to get together tumultuously. _Défense de s’—_; no gatherings allowed. =au=, contraction of _à le_, to the. _Céder au torrent_; to give way to the torrent. _Sauce — vin blanc_; wine-sauce. =aubade=, _n.f._, morning serenade; reproof, abuse, lecture. _Il en a eu l’—_; he was reproved for it. ☉=aubain=, _n.m._, alien, foreigner. =aubainage=, _n.m._, escheatage. =aubaine=, _n.f._, (jur.) aubaine, escheat, escheatage; windfall, piece of good luck. =aube=, _n.f._, the dawn; alb (priest’s garment); (hydr.) float-board; float; paddle-board (of steamers). _L’— du jour_; the break of day. _—s de moulin_; flat-boards of a mill. _Roue à —s_; paddle-wheel. _— mobile_; feathering paddle. =aubépine=, _n.f._, hawthorn, whitethorn, may. =aubère=, _adj._, (man.) flea-bitten gray. _Cheval —_; flea-bitten gray horse. =auberge=, _n.f._, inn, public-house, tavern. =aubergine=. _V._ =melongène=. =aubergiste=, _n.m._, innkeeper, publican, landlord, host. =auberon=, _n.m._, catch (of a lock). =auberonnière=, _n.f._, clasp (of a lock). *=aube-vigne=, _n.f._, (bot.) virgin’s-bower, traveler’s joy. =aubier=, _n.m._, (bot.) sap-wood, alburnum. =aubifoin=, _n.m._, (bot.) bluebottle, corn-flower. =aubin=, _n.m._, (man.) canter, hand-gallop. =aubiner=, _v.n._, (man.) to canter; (hort.) to earth; (of vines) to layer. =aubour=, _n.m._, (bot.) laburnum. =aucun=, =-e=, _adj._, any; (negative) none, no one; not any; no. _Je ne connais — de vos juges_; I know none of your judges. _— ne le dira_; no one will say so. _Je doute qu’— de vous le fasse_; I doubt whether any of you will do it. _Il n’y a — de ses sujets qui ne mourût pour lui_; there is not one of his subjects who would not die for him. _De tous ceux qui se disaient mes amis, — m’a-t-il secouru?_ did any of all those who called themselves my friends assist me? _Je vous le cède sans bénéfice —_; I let you have it without any profit whatever. _Il n’a fait —es dispositions_; he has made no arrangements. _Sans —s frais_; without any expense. =aucunement= (-mān), _adv._, in no wise, not at all, not in the least. _Je ne le connais —_; I do not know him at all. _—, Monsieur_; not in the least, Sir. =audace=, _n.f._, audacity, insolence, assurance, daring, boldness. _Avec —_; insolently. _Payer d’—_; to brazen it out. =audacieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, audaciously, daringly, boldly. =audacieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, audacious, daring; impudent, insolent; presumptuous, bold; high-spirited, enterprising. _Génie —_; daring genius. _Entreprise —se_; bold enterprise. ☉=au deçà= (ô-dsa), _prep._ _V._ =deçà=. =au delà= (ô-dla), _prep._, on the other side, beyond. _V._ =delà=. =audience=, _n.f._, audience, auditory; court, sitting, hearing; hall (where causes are heard); levee. _Jour d’—_; court day. _Ouvrir l’—_; to open the court. _— publique_; open court. _— à huis clos_; a sitting with closed doors, a case heard _in camerâ_. _En pleine —_; in open court. _L’— est levée_; the sitting is raised. _On le mit hors de l’—_; he was turned out of the court. _L’— est reprise_; the case is resumed. _Donner —_; (of a minister) to hold a levee, to give audience. _Tenir l’—_; (of a judge) to sit, to preside. =audiencier=, _adj.m._ _Huissier —_; crier of a court. =audiencier=, _n.m._, usher, crier of a court. =auditeur=, _n.m._, auditor, auditress, hearer; auditor (of accounts). =auditi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._ auditory. _Conduit — externe_; cavity of the ear. =audition=, _n.f._, (jur.) hearing, audit, auditing. _L’— des témoins_; the hearing of the witnesses. =auditoire=, _n.m._, congregation (in a church); audience (theatre, &c.); auditory, bar, court. =auge=, _n.f._, trough; a plasterer’s hod; spout (of a water-mill). _— à goudron_; (nav.) tar-bucket. _— d’écurie_; manger. =augée=, _n.f._, hodful, troughful. =augelot= (ôj-lo), _n.m._, little ditch; small trough, ladle. =auger=, _v.a._, (tech.) to hollow out. =auget=, _n.m._, seed-box, drawer (of a bird-cage); spout (of a mill-hopper); small trough; bucket (of a water-wheel); trough. =augment=, _n.m._, (gram.) augment; (med.) increase, jointure, dowry. =augmentateur=, _n.m._, augmenter; (_adj._) augmenting. =augmentati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) augmentative. =augmentation=, _n.f._, augmentation, increase, enlargement, addition; (com.) rise (in salary). =augmenté=, =-e=, _part._, augmented, increased. _Un livre revu, corrigé et —_; a book revised, corrected, and augmented. =augmenter=, _v.a._, to augment, to increase, to enlarge, to add to, to raise the salary of; (com.) to raise. _Il a augmenté sa maison_; he has enlarged his house. _— le prix_; to raise the price. _Je vais — mon commis_; I am about to increase my clerk’s salary. =augmenter=, _v.n._, to augment, to increase, to grow, to rise (in price), to multiply. _Le sucre a augmenté de prix_; sugar has risen in price. _s’_=augmenter=, _v.r._, to increase, to enlarge, to better, to improve. =augural=, =-e=, _adj._, augural, augurial. =augure=, _n.m._, augury; omen, token; augur, soothsayer. _Un bon_, _un mauvais —_; a good, bad omen. _De mauvais —_; ominous, portentous, ill-boding. _Funeste —_; ill-boding omen. _Un oiseau de mauvais —_; a bird of ill-omen. =augurer=, _v.a._, to augur; to conjecture, to surmise. _Qu’en pouvez-vous —?_ what can you augur from it? _Je n’en augure rien de bon_; I foresee no good result. =auguste=, _adj._, august, sacred, venerable. =augustement=, _adv._, (l.u.) in an august manner. =augustin=, =-e=, _n.m.f._, Austin friar, or nun. _Saint —_; (print.) English. =aujourd’hui=, _adv._, to-day, this day; nowadays, now, at present. _D’— en huit_; this day week. _D’— en quinze_; this day fortnight. _Dès —_; from to-day, henceforth. _— il y a huit_, _quinze_, _jours_; it is a week, a fortnight, ago. _La mode d’—_; the present fashion. _Les hommes d’—_; the men of the present day. _Ce n’est pas d’— que nous nous connaissons_; we are no new acquaintances. =aulique=, _adj._, aulic. =aulique=, _n.f._, thesis. =aulnaie=, =aulne=, =aulnée=. _V._ =aunaie=, =aune=, =aunée=. =auloffée=, _n.f._, (nav.) luff. =aulx= (ô), _pl._ of =ail=. =aumailles=, _adj._ _Bêtes —_; horned cattle. =aumône=, _n.f._, alms, alms-giving, charity, gift, dole. _Faire l’—_; to give alms. _Demander l’—_; to beg. _Vivre d’—_; to live upon alms. _Être réduit à l’—_; to be reduced to beggary. _Faites moi l’— d’un regard_; bestow but one look upon me. _Qui vit d’—s, meurt de faim_; beg and starve. ☉=aumônée=, _n.f._, sum given to hospitals. ☉=aumôner=, _v.a._, to pay a fine to the poor. =aumônerie=, _n.f._, almonry, chaplaincy. =aumônier=, _n.m._, almoner, chaplain, ordinary. =aumônière=, _n.f._, alms-box, alms-purse; almoner (nun). =aumôni-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, charitable, lavish of alms. =aumusse= _or_ =aumuce=, _n.f._, amess, hood (priest’s garment). =aunage=, _n.m._, alnage, ell-measure. =aunaie=, _n.f._, an alder-plot, grove of alders. ☉=aune=, _n.f._, ell; (fig.) measure, standard. _Acheter à l’—_; to buy by the ell. _Mesurer les autres à son —_; to measure another man’s peck by one’s own bushel. _Les hommes ne se mesurent pas à l’—_; one must not judge of a man’s merit by his stature. _Il sait ce qu’en vaut l’—_; he knows it to his cost, by experience. _En avoir tout du long de l’—_; to get it with a vengeance. =aune=, _n.m._, alder-tree. =aunée= _or_ =aulnée=, _n.f._, (bot.) elecampane. =auner=, _v.a._, to measure; to judge of, to value. =auneur=, _n.m._, alnager, measurer. =auparavant=, _adv._, before, first; heretofore, previously; ere now. _Longtemps —_; a long time before. =auprès=, _prep._, near, by; close to; close by; near to; with, in, over; to, in comparison with. _Sa maison est — de la mienne_; his house is close to mine. _Être — d’un seigneur_; to live with a nobleman. _Excusez-le — de son père_; excuse him to his father. _Il cherche à me nuire — de vous_; he endeavors to lower me in your esteem. _Être bien — de quelqu’un_; to be in anybody’s good books. _Elle peut tout — de lui_; she can do anything with him. _Votre mal n’est rien — du sien_; your distress is nothing to his. _Vivre — de ses parents_; to live with one’s parents. =auprès=, _adv._, by, hard by, close to. =aurate=, _n.m._, (chem.) aurate. =auréole=, _n.f._, glory, halo, nimbus, crown of glory; (paint.) aureola; (anat.) areola. =auriculaire=, _adj._, auricular. _Témoin —_; ear-witness. _Le doigt —_; the little finger. =auriculaire=, _n.m._, the little finger. =auricule=, _n.f._, auricle, external ear; (bot.) bear’s ear, auricula. =auriculé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) auriculate, eared. =aurifère=, _adj._, auriferous. =aurifier=, _v.a._, to stop (teeth) with gold. =aurillard=. _V._ =orillard=. =aurique=, _adj._, shoulder-of-mutton shaped. _Voiles —s_; lateen sails. =aurochs= (oroks), _n.m._, (mam.) urus, wild bull. =aurone=, _n.f._, abrotanum, southern-wood. =aurore=, _n.f._, dawn, morning, morn, day-dawn, day; East; gold color; (myth., astron.) Aurora. _À l’—_; at daybreak. _Avant l’—_; before dawn. _L’— commençait à poindre_; day was beginning to dawn. _L’— aux doigts de rose_; rosy-fingered morn. _Du couchant à l’—_; from west to east. _— boréale_; aurora borealis. =auscultation=, _n.f._, (med.) auscultation. =ausculter=, _v.a._, (med.) to auscultate. =auspice=, _n.m._, auspice, omen, presage. _Heureux —s_; a good omen, auspices. =aussi=, _adv._, too, also, likewise; besides, therefore, moreover; accordingly; so; as much; as. _Vous le voulez, et moi —_; you will have it so, and I too. _Donnez-m’en —_; give me some too. _Il est — sage que vaillant_; he is as prudent as courageous. _Il est — sot que son ami_; he is as much a fool as his friend. =aussi=, _conj._, therefore, but then. _Ces dentelles sont belles, — coûtent-elles beaucoup_; these laces are fine, but then they are dear. _— bien_; for, and the more so as; as well. _Je ne veux point y aller, — bien est-il trop tard_; I won’t go there, the more so as it is too late. _Je n’ai que faire de l’en prier, — bien ne m’écouterait-il pas_; it would be in vain for me to entreat him, inasmuch as he would not listen to me. _Je sais cela — bien que vous_; I know that as well as you. _— peu que_; as little as, as few as. =aussière= _or_ =haussière=, _n.f._, (nav.) hawser, small cable, warp. =aussitôt=, _adv._, immediately, directly, as soon as, forthwith. _— après votre départ_; immediately after your departure. _— dit, — fait_; no sooner said than done. _— que_; as soon as, whenever. _— qu’il viendra_; as soon as he comes. =auster= (os-tèr), _n.m._, auster, south-wind. =austère=, _adj._, austere, severe, stern, grave; harsh, sharp (to the taste). =austèrement= (-mān), _adv._, austerely, severely, rigidly. =austérité=, _n.f._, austerity; severity, sternness; strictness. =austral=, =-e=, _adj._, austral. =autan=, _n.m._, (poet.) south wind, storm, blast. _Braver les —s_; to face the storm. =autant=, _adv._, as much, as many; so much, so many; as far, as long. _Ce vase contient — que l’autre_; this vase contains as much as the other. _Il y avait — d’hommes que de femmes_; there were as many men as women. _Travaillez — que vous pourrez_; work as much as you can. _Je l’ai vendu tout —_; I sold it for quite as much. _Une fois —_; as much again. _— que jamais_; as much as ever. _— l’esclavage me répugne, — la liberté m’effraie_; liberty alarms me as much as slavery is repugnant to me. _— de têtes, — d’opinions_; so many men, so many minds. _Cela est fini_, ou _— vaut_; that is as good as done. _— en emporte le vent_; all that is idle talk. _Boire d’—_; to drink a great deal. _À la charge d’—_; on condition of a return. _— ne pas y aller du tout_; might as well not go at all. _— que_; as, as far as. _— que j’en puis juger_; as far as I can conjecture. _— dire_; you might as well say. _d’_=autant mieux= _or_ _d’_=autant plus= (_adverb. phrase_), the more so, so much the more so, the rather, especially. _Je l’estime d’autant plus qu’il est pauvre_; I esteem him the more because he is poor. _Je l’en aime d’autant mieux_; I love her all the more for it. _d’_=autant moins= (_adverb. phrase_), the less, so much the less. _Il en est d’autant moins à craindre_; he is all the less to be feared. _d’_=autant que=, _conj._, seeing that, more especially as. =autel=, _n.m._, altar; (astron.) ara. _Le Sacrement de l’—_; the host; the holy Sacrament, Eucharist. _Les —s_; religion. _Grand_, _maître_, _—_; high altar. _Nappe d’—_; altar cloth. _Tableau d’—_; altar-piece. _Il mérite qu’on lui élève des —s_; he deserves the greatest honors. _Il en prendrait sur l’—_; he would rob a church. _Qui sert à l’— doit vivre de l’—_; every man must live by his profession. =auteur=, _n.m._, author, authoress; inventor, maker, cause, source, contriver, framer; writer; perpetrator; achiever; artist, engraver, composer, sculptor; owner; informant, authority. _Dieu est l’— de toutes choses_; God is the author of all things. _L’— d’un projet_; the framer of a project. _L’— d’un procédé_; the inventor of a process. _C’est elle qui est l’— de ce livre_; she is the author of that book. _Se faire —_; to turn author. _Nommez votre —_; name your informant, authority. _Droit d’—_; copyright. =authenticité=, _n.f._, authenticity, genuineness. =authentique=, _adj._, original; authentic, genuine. =authentique=, _n.f._, authentics. =authentiquement= (-mān), _adv._, authentically. =authentiquer=, _v.a._, (jur.) to sign and seal, to authenticate. =autobiographe=, _n.m._, autobiographer. =autobiographie=, _n.f._, autobiography. =autobus=, _n.m._, motor omnibus. =autochtone= (-tok-to-n), _n.m._, (antiq.) autochthon; (_adj._) autochthonous. =autoclave=, _adj._, self-regulating; _n.m._, steaming-pan. =autocrate=, _n.m._, autocrat. =autocratie= (-cî), _n.f._, autocracy. =autocratique=, _adj._, autocratical. =autodafé=, _n.m._, (_—s_) auto-da-fé. =autographe=, _n.m._, autograph. ☉=autographe=, _adj._, autographic, autographical. =autographie=, _n.f._, autography. =autographier=, _v.a._, to autograph. =autographique=, _adj._, autographic. =automate=, _n.m._, automaton. =automatique=, _adj._, automatic, automatical. =automédon=, _n.m._, charioteer, Jehu, driver, cabby. =automnal=, =-e= (-tom-nal), _adj._, autumnal. =automne= (-to-n), _n.m.f._, autumn; fall of the leaf; fall (of the year). =automot-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, self-acting, self-moving, self-propelling. =automobile=, _n.m._, motor-car. =autonome=, _adj._, autonomous. =autonomie=, _n.f._, autonomy, self-government. =autopsie=, _n.f._, post-mortem examination, autopsy, inquest. =autorisation=, _n.f._, authorization; authority, permission; license (of a preacher); warrant; consent. =autoriser=, _v.a._, to authorise, to empower, to commission, to qualify; to allow by authority, to legalize, to license, to warrant. _s’_=autoriser=, _v.r._, to get or gain or assume authority, to think one’s self warranted (by), to act on the authority of. =autorité=, _n.f._, authority, legal power, rule, command, sway; credit, power, sanction, interest, weight, consideration. _Avoir de l’— sur_; to have power over. _Être en —_; to be invested with authority. _Il l’a fait de son — privée_; he did it on his own initiative. _Alléguer_, _apporter des —s_; to quote or cite authorities. _Faire —_; to be an authority. =autour=, _n.m._, goshawk. =autour=, _prep._, about, round, around. _— de sa personne_; about his person. _— du bras_; round the arm. _Tourner — du pot_; to beat about the bush. =autour=, _adv._, about, round, round about. _Il regardait tout —_; he looked all about. _Ici —_; hereabouts. =autourserie=, _n.f._, goshawk training. =autoursier=, _n.m._, goshawk trainer, falconer. =autre=, _adj._, other, different, else, second, another. _L’— jour_; the other day. _Une — fois_; another time. _Tout —_; quite different. _Aucun —_; no one else. _Vous —s_; you people, fellows. _Nous —_; the like of us. _Encore un —_; another, one more. _Il le regarde comme un — lui même_; he looks upon him as a second self. =autre=, _pron._, another, other, else. _Nul — n’y aurait consenti_; nobody else would have consented to it. _Un — le fera_; another will do it. _Tout — l’aurait fait_; any other would have done it. _Les uns se plaisent à une chose, les —s à une —_; some delight in one thing and some in another. _L’un l’—_; one another, each other. _L’un et l’—_; both. _L’un ou l’—_; either. _Ni l’un ni l’—_; neither. _L’un et l’— vous ont obligé_; both have obliged you. _Les uns et les —s_; all. _Ni l’un ni l’— ne valent rien_; both are good for nothing. _À l’un ou à l’—_; to either. _Ni pour l’un ni pour l’—_; for neither. _On les a payés l’un et l’—_; both have been paid. _À l’envi l’un de l’—_; in emulation of one another. _Entre —s_; among other people or among other things. _De côté et d’—_; up and down. _De part et d’—_; on both sides, on all sides. _C’est un — homme_; he is no more the same man. _Il ne fait — chose que jouer_; he does nothing but play. _C’est — chose_; it is quite another thing. _C’est une — paire de manches_; that’s a horse of another color. _Nous —s Français, nous mangeons beaucoup de pain_; we French people eat a great deal of bread. _Causer de choses et d’—s_; to talk of different things. _Il dit d’une façon et il fait d’une —_; he says one thing and does another. _L’un vaut l’—_; they are much of a muchness; or one is as bad as the other. _Comme dit l’—_; as somebody says; as the saying is. _Il n’en fait point d’—s_; he does nothing else, these are his pranks. _L’un dans l’—_, _l’un portant l’—_; one with another; on an average. _Il en sait bien d’—s_; he knows a trick worth two of that. _J’en ai vu bien d’—s_; I have outlived worse things than that. _À d’—s!_ pshaw! I know better, you must not tell that to me, tell it to the marines. =autrefois=, _adv._, formerly, in former times; of old. =autrement=, _adv._, otherwise; after another manner, another way; else; or else. _Faisons —_; let us go to work another way. _Entrez, — je fermerai la porte_; come in, or else I’ll shut the door. _C’est un homme qui n’est pas — riche_; he is a man who is not over rich. =autrichien=, =-ne=, _adj._, _n.m.f._, Austrian. =autruche=, _n.f._, (orni.) ostrich. _Avoir un estomac d’—_; to have the stomach of an ostrich; to digest anything. =autrui=, _n.m._, _pron._, others, other people. _Dépendre d’—_; to depend on others. _Faire à — ce que nous voudrions qu’on nous fît_; to do by others as we would be done by. _Le bien d’—_; another’s property. _Mal d’— n’est que songe_; we make light of the ills of others. =auvent=, _n.m._, shed, penthouse, lean-to. =auvernat=, _n.m._, Orléans wine. =aux= (_pl._ of au), _art._, to the. _V._ =à=. =auxdits=, =auxdites=, _adj.m.f.pl._, to the said. =auxiliaire=, _adj._, auxiliary, subsidiary. _Verbe —_; auxiliary verb. =auxiliaire=, _n.m._, auxiliary; helper, assistant. _s’_=avachir=, _v.r._, to flag; to grow fat and flabby; to get out of shape, to run down at heel. =aval=, _adv._, down, downwards, down stream. _Le vent vient d’—_; the wind is blowing up stream. _En — de_; below. _Vent d’—_; westerly wind. =aval=, _n.m._, (com.) guarantee, indorsement. _Mettez votre — au dos de ce billet_; indorse that bill. =avalaison=, _n.f._, flood, torrent; (nav.) a long-continued west or northwest wind. =avalanche=, _n.f._, avalanche, snow-slip. =avalasse=, _n.f._ _V._ =avalaison=. =avalé=, =-e=, _part._, flagging, hanging down; sunk, fallen in; gone down stream. =avaler=, _v.a._, to swallow, to swallow down; to let down; to endure, to pocket (affront); to lower (things into a cellar); to drink, to toss off; (gard.) to lop; to gulp down. _— un affront_; to pocket an insult. _Il ne fait que tordre et —_; he gobbles up everything. _— du vin dans une cave_; to let wine down into a cellar. _— une branche_; to lop off a branch close to the trunk. _— des couleuvres_; to pocket many affronts. =avaler=, _v.n._, to go down, drop off (the river with the stream). _s’_=avaler=, _v.r._, to flag, to hang down, to fall down or in; to be swallowed. =avalette=, _n.f._, a sort of float (angling). =avaleur=, _n.m._, swallower, glutton. _— de pois gris_; a great glutton. _— de charrettes ferrées_; a braggadocio. =avaloire=, _n.f._, a large throat or swallow; (saddlery) breeching; (hat making) stamper. =avançage=, _n.m._, cab stand, stand. =avance=, _n.f._, advance, start, distance in advance; projection, prominence; advance-money; first step, offer; gain, benefit. _Il a quatre lieues d’— sur moi_; he is four leagues ahead of me. _Faire une — de mille écus_; to advance a thousand crowns. _Faire les —s d’une entreprise_; to advance the funds for an enterprise. _Faire des —s_; to make advances to. _Prendre l’—_; to get the start. _D’—_; beforehand. _Payer d’—_; to pay beforehand. _Prévenir d’—_; to warn beforehand. _À l’—_, _en —_, _par —_; beforehand, before one’s time, by anticipation. =avancé=, =-e=, _part._, advanced; forward, early; late (of the hour). _Un homme — en âge_; an elderly man. _Un jeune homme fort —_; a very forward youth. _Les arbres sont —s_; the trees are forward. _Je n’en suis pas plus —_; I am not a bit the better off for it. _Viande —e_; meat which is getting bad. _Me voilà bien —!_ that’s all I get for my pains; I am in a pretty predicament. =avancée=, _n.f._, (milit.) advance guard. =avancement= (-mān), _n.m._, progress, advancement; improvement; preferment, promotion, rise. =avancer=, _v.a._, to advance, to bring, to put forward; to hold out, to stretch out, to set forward; to bring nearer; to hasten; to forward; to pay beforehand; to lay out or down; to assert, to bring forth, to urge; to hold forth; to promote, to put on (a clock); to broach, to bring forward (opinion); to give (a chair). _Avancez la table_; push the table forward. _— le pied_; to put one’s foot forward. _Faire —_; to push, to push on. _Cela a avancé sa mort_; that hastened his death. _— l’horloge_; to put the clock on. _— le dîner_; to hasten dinner. _— un ouvrage_; to forward a piece of work. _Il lui a avancé de l’argent_; he has advanced him some money. _— les intérêts de quelqu’un_; to promote any one’s interests. _Pouvez-vous prouver ce que vous avancez?_ can you prove your assertion? _On l’a avancé_; he has been promoted. =avancer=, _v.n._, to advance, to get on, to proceed, to march on, to move forward, to keep on, to go too fast; to come out; to jut out; to lean over, to bear out; to encroach; to improve, to make some progress; to thrive; to rise. _Avancez-donc!_ come along! _L’horloge avance_; the clock is fast. _Cette maison avance trop sur la rue_; that house juts out too much into the street. _— en âge_; to advance in years. _Faire — une voiture_; to call a cab. _Cela m’— bien!_ what good is that to me? _s’_=avancer=, _v.r._, to advance, to go on, to move forward; to stand forth; to draw near, to come up; to get on, to improve; to get preferred, to be successful; to go far; to jut out, to project. _Cet ambassadeur s’est trop avancé_; that ambassador has gone too far. _Le temps s’avance_; time flies. _S’— à cheval_; to ride up. _S’— en voiture_; to drive up. _S’— à la voile_; to sail up. _S’— en courant_; to run up. =avanceur=, _n.m._, gold-wire drawer. =avanie=, _n.f._, insult, affront, outrage. =avant=, _n.m._, (nav.) prow, head, bow of a ship. _De l’— à l’arrière_; from stem to stern. _Gagner l’— de_; to get ahead of, to get a headway (on a ship). =avant=, _prep._, (of time and order) before. _J’ai vu cela — vous_; I saw that before you. _— toutes choses_; above all things. _— tout_; first of all, before all. =avant=, _adv._, far, deep, forward, far advanced. _D’—_; before. _En —!_ forward! march on! _En — de_; before, in front of. _Mettre en —_; to bring forward. _N’allez pas si —_; don’t go so far. _Creuser fort — dans la terre_; to dig very deep in the ground. _Plus —_; further, deeper. _Bien — dans la nuit_; very late at night. _Nous étions bien — en mer_; we had got a great way out to sea. _Aller de l’—_; (nav.) to go ahead. =avant que=, _conj._, before. _— qu’il soit un an_; before a year is over. =avantage=, _n.m._, advantage, vantage-ground, pleasure; benefit, profit, interest; behalf, behoof; (nav.) weather-gauge; (man.) whip-hand; odds (at play). _Avoir l’— sur_; to have the advantage over. _Avoir l’—_; to win, to prevail. _On lui a fait tous les — possibles_; they gave him every possible advantage. _Quel — vous en revient-il?_ what benefit do you reap from it? _On peut dire ceci à son —_; this may be said in his favor. _Nos troupes ont eu l’—_; our troop have had the best of it. _Tirer — de tout_; to turn everything to account. _J’ai perdu, vous avez l’—_; I have lost, you have the better of the game. _S’habiller à son —_; to dress to the best advantage. =avantager=, _v.a._, to advantage; to bestow an advantage on; to favor. _La nature l’avait avantagé de beaucoup de qualités précieuses_; nature had endowed him with many inestimable qualities. =avantageusement=, (-mān), _adv._, advantageously, to advantage; usefully; beneficially, favorably; highly. _S’habiller —_; to dress to the best advantage. _Parler — de quelqu’un_; to speak highly of any one. =avantageu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, advantageous, profitable, beneficial, eligible; conceited, presuming; overbearing; (of dress) becoming. _Conditions —ses_; advantageous terms. _Coiffure —se_; a becoming way of dressing the hair. _Un ton —_; a confident, assuming tone. _C’est un homme —_; he is a conceited fellow, vain, presuming. =avant-bec=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (arch.) starling of a bridge, pier, ice-breaker, cutwater. =avant-bras=, _n.m._, (_—_) fore-arm. =avant-corps=, _n.m._, (_—_) (arch.) fore-part. =avant-cour=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) fore-court. =avant-coureur=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (mil.) van-courier, forerunner, precursor; harbinger. =avant-courri-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) forerunner, harbinger. =avant-derni-er=, =-ère=, _adj._ and _n._, (_—-—s_) the last but one. _L’—e syllabe_; the penultimate. =avant-faire-droit=, _n.m._, (_—_) preventive injunction. =avant-fossé=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (fortif.) advance-fosse. =avant-garde=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) vanguard; (nav.) van. =avant-goût=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) foretaste, earnest, anticipation. =avant-hier= (-ti-ère), _adv._, the day before yesterday. =avant-jour=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) morning-twilight. =avant-main=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (man.) fore-hand of a horse; (tennis) fore-hand stroke; (at cards) lead. ☉=avant-midi=, _n.m._, (_—_) forenoon. =avant-mur=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) outward wall, screen-wall. =avant-pêche=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) early peach. =avant-pied=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) vamp, upper-leather of a boot. ☉=avant-plancher=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) false-ceiling. =avant-poignet=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) fore-wrist. =avant-port=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (nav.) outer harbor, tide-dock. =avant-portail=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) fore-portal. =avant-poste=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (milit.) out-post. =avant-propos=, _n.m._, (_—_) preface, preamble; introduction, exordium. =avant-quart=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (horl.) warning-bell. =avant-scène=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) front of the stage; proscenium, stage-box. =avant-toit=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) fore-roof, projecting roof, eaves. =avant-train=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) fore-carriage, limber. *=avant-veille=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) two days before. =avare=, _adj._, avaricious, miserly, covetous; stingy, close-fisted, sparing; penurious, niggardly. _Être — de ses louanges_; to be sparing of praise. _À père — enfant prodigue_; a miserly father has a spendthrift son. =avare=, _n.m._, miser, niggard; pinch-penny. =avarement=, _adv._, avariciously. =avarice=, _n.f._, avarice, avariciousness, covetousness; niggardliness; stinginess. _Par —_; from avarice. =avaricieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (l.u.) avaricious, covetous; stingy. =avarie=, _n.f._, damage (done in conveying goods); (com.) damage, loss, repairs. _—s communes_; (com.) general average. _Menues —s_; small averages. _—s simples_; ordinary damage. _Sans —_; without mishap. _Causer une —_; to damage. _Régler les —s_; to state the averages. =avarié=, =-e=, _adj._, damaged. =avarier=, _v.a._, to damage. _S’—_, _v.r._, to become damaged. =avaste=, _int._, (nav.) avast, stop, stay. =à vau-l’eau=, _adv._, with the stream, downstream. _Toutes son entreprises sont allées —_; all his undertakings have come to nought. =à vau-de-route=, _adv._, in flight. =avé=, _n.m._, (_—_) ave. _— Maria_; ave Maria. =avec=, _prep._, with, together with; among. _Venez — moi_; come with me. _— dessein_; designedly. _— tout cela_; for all that, nevertheless. _Il a pris mon manteau, et s’en est allé —_; he has taken my cloak, and has gone off with it. _Discerner le bien d’— le mal_; to discern good from evil, _— ça!_ (coll.) nonsense! =avecque=, _prep._, obsolete spelling of =avec=. =aveindre= (aveignant, aveint), _v.a._, to take out, to fetch out. =aveine=, _n.f._ _V._ =avoine=. =avelanède=, _n.f._, acorn-cup, valonia. =aveline=, _n.f._, filbert, cob-nut. =avelinier=, _n.m._, filbert-tree. =avénage=, _n.m._, avenage (due, paid in oats). =avenant=, _part._ _V._ =advenant=. =avenant=, =-e=, _adj._, good-looking, prepossessing, comely, pleasing, taking. _Physionomie —e_; pleasing features. _Manières —es_; prepossessing, engaging manners. _n._, declaration of altered policy (insurance). _à l’_=avenant=, _adv._, appropriate; in keeping with. _Le dessert fut à l’— du repas_; the dessert was in keeping with the repast. _Et tout à l’—_; and all corresponding, matching. =avènement= (-mān), _n.m._, coming, accession, succession, advent. _L’— du roi à la couronne_; the king’s accession to the crown. _L’— du Messie_; the coming of the Messiah. =avèneron=, _n.m._, wild oats. =avenir=, _n.m._, the future, futurity, existence, future welfare, hopes, prospects; (jur.) venire facias. _À l’—_; in future. _On ne peut répondre de l’—_; one cannot answer for the future. _J’assure un — à mes enfants_; I secure a competence for my children. _Cet homme n’a aucun —_; that man has no prospects. _D’—_, or _qui a de l’—_; promising, rising. ☉=avenir=, _v.n._ _V._ =advenir=. =à-venir=, _n.m._ (_—_), (jur.) summons to an attorney to appear for his client. =avent=, _n.m._, Advent. =aventure=, _n.f._, adventure, occurrence; chance, accident, luck; fate, lot. _À l’—_; at a venture, at random. _Une plaisante —_; a droll adventure. _Grosse —_; (com.) bottomry. _Dire la bonne —_; to tell people’s fortunes. _Se faire dire sa bonne —_; to have one’s fortune told. _Une diseuse de bonne —_; a fortune-teller. _Tenter l’—_; to make a trial, to try one’s luck. _Mal d’—_; whitlow. _D’—_, _par —_; by chance, perchance. _Si par —_; if peradventure, if by chance. =aventuré=, =-e=, _part._, hazardous, hazarded, bold. =aventurer=, _v.a._, to venture, to put to the venture, to risk. _s’_=aventurer=, _v.r._, to venture, to take one’s chance, to hazard, to risk one’s self. =aventureu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, venturous, venturesome, adventurous. =adventuri-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, adventurer, adventuress. =aventurine=, _n.f._, avanturine, venturine. =avenu=, =-e=, _part._, come to pass, happened. _Acte nul et non —_; act that is null and void. =avenue=, _n.f._, avenue, approach, walk. =avéré=, =-e=, _part._, averred, established by evidence. =avérer=, _v.a._, to aver, to prove the truth of, to confirm, to establish. =averhan=. _V._ =tétras=. =à verse=, _adv._, fast (of rain). _Il pleut —_; it is pouring with rain. =averse=, _n.f._, shower of rain; down-pour. =aversion=, _n.f._, aversion, hate, hatred; antipathy, dislike, detestation. _Prendre quelqu’un en —_; to take an aversion to one. _Cet homme est ma bête d’—_; that man is my bugbear, my pet aversion. =averti=, =-e=, _part._, warned, informed. _Se tenir pour —_; to be on one’s guard, to take it as a warning. _Un bon — en vaut deux_; forewarned, forearmed. =avertir=, _v.a._, to warn, to caution; to inform of, to acquaint with, to give notice of, to admonish. _Faire —_; to send notice, word. =avertissement= (-mān), _n.m._, information, advice, (b.s.) warning, caution; notification; advertisement (of books); (b.s.) admonition. =avertisseur=, _n.m._, monitor, adviser; (official) public crier; (thea.) call-boy. _— d’incendie_; fire-alarm. =aveu=, _n.m._, avowal, confession, acknowledgment, admission; approbation, consent, recognition. _Homme sans —_; vagrant, vagabond. _Faire l’— de_; to confess. =aveugle=, _adj._, blind, sightless; deluded; ignorant, implicit. _— de naissance_ or _né_; born blind. _Obéissance —_; implicit obedience. _Changer son cheval borgne contre un —_; to change from bad to worse. _La fortune est —_; fortune is blind. =aveugle=, _n.m.f._, blind person. _Un — y mordrait_; a blind man would see it. _C’est un — qui en conduit un autre_; it is the blind leading the blind. _Crier comme un — qui a perdu son bâton_; to cry out before one is hurt. =aveuglement=, _n.m._, blindness, infatuation. =aveuglément=, _adv._, blindly, rashly, implicitly. =aveugler=, _v.a._, to blind, to make blind; to put out the eyes of; to dazzle; to delude; to obscure, to cloud; (nav.) to fother. _La passion aveugle l’entendement_; passion obscures the understanding. _— une voie d’eau_; (nav.) to fother a leak. _La trop grande lumière aveugle_; too much light dazzles the eyes. _s’_=aveugler=, _v.r._, to blind one’s self, to shut one’s eyes to, to be blinded, to deceive one’s self. _à l’_=aveuglette=, _adv._, (fam.) groping in the dark. _Aller —_; to go groping along, blindly, rashly. =avicule=, _n.f._, (mol.). _V._ =aronde=. =avide=, _adj._, greedy of, eager for, thirsting for; voracious; covetous, rapacious. _Un homme —_; a covetous man. _— de gain_; eager for gain. =avidement= (-mān), _adv._, greedily, eagerly, voraciously, covetously. =avidité=, _n.f._, avidity, greediness, eagerness, covetousness. =avilir=, _v.a._, to debase, to demean, to disgrace, to vilify; to disparage, to discredit, to depreciate, to lower. _s’_=avilir=, _v.r._, to disgrace one’s self, to debase one’s self, to grow contemptible. =avilissant=, =-e=, _adj._, debasing, degrading, humiliating. =avilissement= (-mān), _n.m._, degradation, debasement, depreciation, contempt, vileness. =aviné=, =-e=, _part._, drunk, drunken, unsteady (from drink). _Il est —_; _c’est un corps —_; he is a regular tippler. =aviner=, _v.a._, to season with wine. =aviron=, _n.m._, (nav.) oar. _— de couple_; scull. _Aller à l’—_; to row. _Donner un coup d’—_; to lend a helping hand. =avironnerie=, _n.f._, oar-maker’s shed. =avironnier=, _n.m._, oar-maker. =avis=, _n.m._, opinion, sentiment, mind, judgment; advice, counsel, deliberation, admonition; notice, notification; warning, caution; account, information, intelligence, news; motion; vote; advertisement (in books). _À mon —_; in my opinion. _Je suis d’— que vous lui écriviez_; I am of opinion that you should write to him. _Je ne suis pas d’— d’y aller_; I am not for going there. _Dire son —_; to say, speak one’s mind. _Je profiterai de l’— que vous me donnez_; I shall avail myself of the caution you have given me. _— au lecteur_; a note to the reader; a word to the wise. _J’ai changé d’—_; I have altered my mind. _On a reçu — de Paris_; we are advised from Paris. _Lettre d’—_; letter of advice. _Faute d’—_; for want of advice. _Sous —_; with advice. _Suivant l’— de_; as per advice. _Donner à quelqu’un un — de quelque chose_; to advise any one of anything. _Ne m’écris plus jusqu’à nouvel —_; write no more till further notice. _Ouvrir un —_; to broach an opinion. _Être d’—_; to opine. _Prendre les —_; to take the opinion. _Aller aux —_; to put to the vote. _Donner un — assez clair à quelqu’un_; to give a pretty broad hint to any one. _Il m’est —_; I rather think or methinks. _Deux —s valent mieux qu’un_; two heads are better than one. _Il y a jours d’—_; there is no hurry; there is plenty of time. =avisé=, =-e=, _adj._, wary, discreet, prudent, cautious, advised, circumspect. _Mal —_; ill-advised, _il est fort —_; he is a very discreet man. =aviser=, _v.a._, to apprise; to perceive; to espy; (com.) to advise. =aviser=, _v.n._, to consider, to see to, to think upon, to look to. _Avisez-y_; look to it. _Vous y aviserez_; you will see to it. _s’_=aviser=, _v.r._, to think of, to consider, to take it into one’s head; to bethink one’s self, to be so minded, to dare, to presume. _Il ne s’avise jamais de rien_; he thinks of nothing. _Il s’avisa de_; he took it into his head to. _Il n’y a sottise dont il ne s’avise_; there is no folly he does not commit. _Il s’avisa d’un bon expédient_; he bethought himself of a good expedient. _Ne vous en avisez pas_; you had better not. =aviso=, _n.m._, (nav.) dispatch-boat. *=avitaillement=, _n.m._, (nav., milit.) victualing; stores. *=avitailler=, _v.a._, to victual, to furnish with victuals, to store. ☉*=avitailleur=, _n.m._, army or navy contractor. =avivage=, _n.m._, first laying of tin-foil on glass; hewing. =aviver=, _v.a._, to polish, to burnish, to brighten. =avives=, _n.f.pl._, (vet.) vives. =avivoir=, _n.m._, polisher, burnisher (tool). =avocasser=, _v.n._, to be a pettifogger, to drudge at the bar. =avocasserie=, _n.f._, pettifoggery, caviling, quibble, twaddle. =avocat=, _n.m._, counsel, barrister, advocate, pleader, intercessor. _— de causes perdues_, _— de Pilate_, _— de balle_, _— à tort_; briefless barrister. _— consultant_; chamber-counsel. _— principal_; leading barrister. _— général_; solicitor general. _Plaider par —_; to be represented by counsel. =avocate=, _n.f._, female advocate; mediatrix, intercessor. =avocette=, _n.f._, (orni.) avoset. =avoine=, _n.f._, oats. _—s_; oats still standing. _D’—_; of oats. _Farine d’—_; oatmeal. _Balle d’—_; oatchaff. _Folles —s_; wild oats. =avoinerie=, _n.f._, oat-field. =avoir= (ayant, eu), _v.a._, to have; to get, to possess, to enjoy; to be; to be worth; to be the matter with, to ail; to have on. _— pour agréable_; to like. _— honte_; to be ashamed. _— raison_; to be right. _— raison de_; to get the mastery over. _— tort_; to be wrong. _— peur_; to be afraid. _— faim_; to be hungry. _— soif_; to be thirsty. _Vous n’avez qu’a dire_; you need only say the word. _Qu’est-ce que vous avez?_ what ails you? what is the matter with you? _Faire —_; to procure for. _Quel âge avez-vous?_ how old are you? _Il a quarante ans_; he is forty. _J’ai à vous parler_; I have something to tell you. _Il avait un habit bleu_; he had on a blue coat. _En —_; to catch it. _Il en a_; he has caught it. _En a-t-il!_ what a lot he has! _Y —_; there to be, to be the matter. _Il ne saurait y — de différence_; there can be no difference. _Il y en a de noirs_; there are some black ones. _C’est une femme comme il n’y en a point_; she has not her like, her match. _Il y a plus_; nay, more. _Il y en a encore_; there is still some left. _Il y a de quoi_; there is enough, or good reason to. _Il n’y a pas de quoi_; don’t name or mention it; there is no offense. _Je suis venu ici il y a deux mois_; I came here two months ago. _Il n’y a tel que d’en_; money makes the man. _Il y a un an qu’il est mort_; he has been dead a year. _Il y a deux mois que je suis ici_; I have been here two months. _Il y a une heure que nous écrivons_; we have been writing for the last hour. _Combien y a-t-il de Paris à Londres?_ how far is it from Paris to London? _En — à_; to owe a grudge to. _— dans la main_; to hold in the hollow of one’s hand. _— la parole_; to be entitled to speak, to be in possession of the House. _Vous avez la main_, _le dé_, _la boule_; it is your turn to play (at cards, at dice, at billiards). =avoir=, _n.m._, possessions, substance, property, what one is worth; (com.) credit, creditor, creditor-side. _Voilà tout mon —_; this is all I have. =avoir du poids=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) avoirdupois. =avoisinant=, =-e=, _adj._, neighboring, adjoining, close by. =avoisiné=, _part._, with neighbors. _Être bien_ or _mal —_; to have good or bad neighbors. ☉=avoisinement= (-mān), _n.m._, nearness, proximity. =avoisiner=, _v.a._, to border upon, to be situated near, to be contiguous to. =avorté=, =-e=, _adj._, abortive, miscarried; (bot.) abortive; frustrated, baffled; imperfect. =avortement=, _n.m._, abortion, miscarriage, failure. =avorter=, _v.n._, to miscarry; to slip; to prove abortive; to fail. _Faire —_; to cause or procure abortion. _Ce dessein avorta_; that plan failed. _Faire — les desseins de quelqu’un_; to baffle any one’s designs. =avorton=, _n.m._, abortion; abortive child. (fig.) _Un — de mouche_; a wretched, paltry, miserable fly. =avouable=, _adj._, avowable. =avoué=, _n.m._, attorney; solicitor. _Une étude d’—_; a solicitor’s office. =avouer=, _v.a._, to confess, to avow; to own, to acknowledge, to declare openly, to grant, to allow; to approve. _Il a avoué le fait_; he has confessed the deed. _Il avoue l’avoir fait_; he confesses to it. _S’— vaincu_; to own one’s self vanquished. _J’étais, je l’avoue, un peu confus_; I was rather confused, I must allow. _— un enfant_; to acknowledge a child. _J’avouerai tout ce qu’il fera_; I will approve of all he does. =avoyer=, _n.m._, avoyer (Swiss magistrate). *=avril=, _n.m._, April. _Donner un poisson d’— à quelqu’un_; to make any one an April-fool. _Recevoir un poisson d’—_; to be made an April-fool. _Poisson d’—_; mackerel. =avrillé=, =-e=, _adj._, sown in April. =avron=, _n.m._, (bot.) wild oats. =avuer=, _v.a._, (hunt.) to mark down, to mark in. =avulsion=, _n.f._, avulsion. =axe=, _n.m._, axis; axle, axle-tree; (artil.) trunnion. _— tournant_; axle-tree. _— de vis_; screw-arbor. =axifuge=, _adj._, centrifugal. _V._ =centrifuge=. =axillaire= (ak-sil-lèr), _adj._, (anat., bot.) axillar, axillary. _Fleurs —s_; axillary flowers. =axiome=, _n.m._, axiom. =axiomètre=, _n.m._, (nav.) tell-tale (of the tiller). =axonge=, _n.f._, (phar.) hog’s lard. =ayan=, _n.m._, (_—s_) ayan (Turkish official). =ayant cause=, _n.m._, (_—s —_) (jur.) assign. =ayant droit=, _n.m._, (_—s —_) (jur.) party entitled. =aynet=, _n.m._, skewer (for herrings). =azalée=, _n.f._, (bot.) azalea. =azédarac=, _n.m._, azedarach, bead-tree. =azerole=, _n.f._, (bot.) azarole. =azerolier=, _n.m._, azarole-tree. ☉=azime=, _adj._ _V._ =azyme=. =azimut= (-mut), _n.m._, (astron.) azimuth. =azimutal=, =-e=, _adj._, azimuthal. =azotate=, _n.m._, (chem.) nitrate. =azote=, _n.m._, (chem.) azote, nitrogen. =azote=, _adj._, azotic, nitric. =azoté=, _adj._, azotized, nitrogenized. =azotique=, _adj._, azotic, nitric. =azur=, _n.m._, azure, blue; sky-color. _— de Hollande_; Dutch blue. _Pierre d’—_; azure-stone. =azuré=, =-e=, _adj._, azure, sky-colored. _La voûte —e_; the azure skies. =azurer=, _v.a._, to paint azure color, to blue. =azurin=, =-e=, _adj._, azure. _n.m._, blue-butterfly. =azyme=, _adj._, azymous, unleavened. =azyme=, _n.m._, azym, unleavened bread. _Fête des —s_; feast of unleavened bread. =azymite=, _n.m._, Azymite. B =b=, _n.m._, the second letter of the alphabet, b. _Être marqué au —_; to be either one-eyed, hunch-backed, or lame (_borgne_, _bossu_, _boiteux_). _Ne parler que par ~b~ ou par ~f~_; never to speak without swearing. =baba=, _n.m._, bun, plum-cake. =babel=, _n.f._, Babel, uproar, disorder. _Tour de —_; tower of Babel. _C’est une vraie tour de —_, _c’est une —_; it is a perfect tower of Babel, uproar. =babeurre=, _n.m._, buttermilk. =babiche=, _n.f._, =babichon=, _n.m._, lap-dog. *=babil=, _n.m._, chatter, prating, talk, gabbling, tattle, prattle. _Il nous étourdit par son —_; he bewilders us with his chattering. *=babillage=, _n.m._, chit-chat, tittle-tattle, prattle, babbling, twaddle. *=babillard=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, chatterer, babbler, tattler; blab, blabber; (orni.) nettle-creeper. _C’est un franc —_; he is a regular babbler. _Ne vous fiez pas à cet homme-là, c’est un —_; don’t trust that man, he is a great blab. *=babillard=, =-e=, _adj._, babbling, talkative, chattering. *=babillement=, _n.m._, talkativeness, loquacity, garrulity. *=babiller=, _v.n._, to prate, to tattle, to gossip. =babine=, _n.f._, lip (of animals); chop. _Il s’en lèche les —s_; he is smacking his lips over it. =babiole=, _n.f._, bauble, gewgaw, toy, knick-knack, plaything, trifle, trinket. =bâbord=, _n.m._, (nav.) port. =bâbord=, _adv._, larboard; aport. =bâbordais=, _n.m._, (nav.) larboard-watch. =babouche=, _n.f._, Turkish slipper. =babouin=, _n.m._, baboon, monkey (of a child). _Faire baiser le — à quelqu’un_; to make any one eat humble pie. =babouine=, _n.f._, little fool, little hussy; lip. _V._ =babine=. =babouiner=, _v.n._, (fam.) to play the buffoon. =bac=, _n.m._, ferry, ferry-boat. =baccalauréat=, _n.m._, bachelorship, bachelor’s degree. =bacchanal= (-ka-), _n.m._, racket, uproar. _Faire —_; to make a racket, to kick up a great row. =bacchanale= (-ka-), _n.f._, noisy drinking-bout, revel, debauch. ☉=bacchanaliser= (-ka-), _v.n._, to revel, to riot. =bacchante= (-kant), _n.f._, bacchante, termagant. =baccharis= (-ka-ris), =-ide=, _n.f._, baccharis, ploughman’s spikenard. =baccifère=, _adj._, bacciferous, berry-producing. =bacha=, _n.m._ _V._ =pacha=. =bâche=, _n.f._, cart tilt; hot-bed frame; tank, cistern; awning, tarpaulin (of a wagon). ☉=bachelette=, _n.f._, young girl, maid, lass, damsel. =bachelier=, _n.m._, bachelor of a university. =bâcher=, _v.a._, to tilt, to cover (a cart). =bachique=, _adj._, bacchic, jovial, drunken. =bachon=, _n.m._, wooden pail. =bachot=, _n.m._, wherry, small ferry-boat; (fam.) bachelor’s degree. =bachotage=, _n.m._, ferry-man’s business. =bachoteur=, _n.m._, ferry-man. =bachotier=, _n.m._, crammer. =bacile=, _n.m._, (bot.) sea-fennel. =bacillaire=, _n.m._, pyramidal feldspar, scapolite. =bâclage=, _n.m._, line of boats (in a port); (fig.) patching, hasty, scamped work. =bâclé=, =-e=, _part._, barred, fastened, scamped. =bâcler=, _v.a._, to bar or chain, to close, to fasten (a door, a window, a boat, a harbour); to do hastily, to polish off; to scamp (work). =badaud=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, ninny, booby; gazer, lounger, idler; cockney. =badaudage=, _n.m._, cockneyism. =badauder=, _v.n._, to lounge, to saunter, to loiter. =badauderie=, _n.f._, foolery, silliness, simplicity, lounging, sauntering. =baderne=, _n.f._, (nav.) dolphin, paunch, fender (of ship). =badian=, _n.m._, _or_ =badiane=, _n.f._, aniseed-tree. =badigeon= (-jon), _n.m._, badigeon, stone-color, whitewash. =badigeonnage= (-jo-naj), _n.m._, painting stone-color; smearing, making up, daub. =badigeonner= (-jo-né), _v.a._, to paint with stone-color, to whitewash, to daub. =badigeonneur= (-jo-neur), _n.m._, whitewasher, colorer, dauber. =badin=, =-e=, _adj._, _n._, waggish, jocular, playful, roguish; sportive, droll, comical. _Il a l’humeur —e_; he is of a sportive humor. _Air —_; playful air. _Style —_; playful style. _C’est un vrai —_; he is a regular banterer, a wag; joker, jester. =badinage=, _n.m._, sport, play, jest; foolery, playfulness, jocularity, trifle. _Ceci n’est point du —_; this is no foolery. _Il se prête volontiers au —_; he has no objection to a little trifling. _Finissez votre —_; have done with your fooling. _Ce n’est pour lui qu’un —_; it is mere child’s play for him. =badine=, _n.f._, switch; _pl._, small tongs. =badiner=, _v.n._, to trifle, to dally, to play, to toy, to sport; to flaunt. _Il ne badine pas_; he is not joking. _En badinant_; in fun, by way of a joke. _La dentelle est trop tendue, il faut qu’elle badine un peu_; the lace is too tight, it must wave about a little. _On ne badine pas avec l’amour_; love is not to be trifled with. =badinerie=, _n.f._, silly stuff, foolery, trifling. =bafouer=, _v.a._, to scout, to scoff at, to baffle. _On l’a bafoué_; he was scouted. _Il s’est fait —_; he got scoffed at. =bâfre=, _n.f._, (pop.) guzzling, blow out, gorge. =bâfrer=, _v.n._, (l.ex.) to guzzle, to eat greedily, to have a blow out, a grand feed. =bâfreu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (l.ex.) guzzler, glutton. =bagace=. _V._ =bagasse=. =bagage=, _n.m._, luggage, baggage. _Nous avons laissé notre — en arrière_; we have left our luggage behind. _Plier trousser —_; to pack off. _Il a plié —_; he has taken his last journey (died). _Quel est le — de cet auteur?_ what works has this author written? _— littéraire_; literary knowledge. =bagarre=, _n.f._, squabble, scuffle, fray, brawl; crowd, crush. _Se trouver dans une —_; to get into a fray. _Se tirer d’une —_; to get out of a scuffle. =bagasse=, _n.f._, bagasse, cane trash; hussy, drab, slut. =bagatelle=, _n.f._, bauble, trash, trinket, trifle, nonsense, mere nothing. _Table de —_; bagatelle table. _Il ne s’amuse qu’à des —s_; he trifles away his time. _S’amuser à une —_; to trifle away time. _Bagatelles que tout cela_; that is all stuff and nonsense. *=bagne=, _n.m._, convict-prison, hulks. =bagnole=, _n.f._, horse-box (on railways). ☉*=bagnolette=, _n.f._, a head-dress. =bague= (bag), _n.f._, ring. _— gravée en cachet_; seal-ring. _—s et joyaux_; jewels and ornaments. _Course de —_; running at the ring. _Jeu de —_; roundabout. _— au doigt_; (fig.) clear gain, sinecure, good thing. =baguenaude= (bag-nôd), _n.f._, bladder-nut, trifle. =baguenauder= (bag-nô-), _v.n._, to mind trifles, to trifle time away, to fiddle-faddle. =baguenaudier= (bag-nô-), _n.m._, bladder-nut-tree, bastard senna tree; trifler; ring-puzzle. =baguer= (ba-ghé), _v.a._, to baste, to stitch; (hort.) to ring. =bagues=, _n.f.pl._, (l.u.) luggage. =baguette= (ba-ghèt), _n.f._, switch, rod, ramrod, drum-stick, small stick, wand; _pl._, (milit.) gauntlet; (arch.) baguet. _Ce cheval obéit à la —_; that horse obeys the switch. _— à gant_; glove-stick. _—s de tambour_; drum-sticks. _Coup de —_; beat of the drum. _— de fusée volante_; stick of a rocket. _— d’or_; golden stick. _— d’huissier_; usher’s rod. _— divinatoire_; conjuror’s wand. _Commander à la —_; to command magisterially. _Passer par les —s_; to run the gauntlet. _Mener à la —_; to rule with a rod of iron. =baguier= (ba-ghié), _n.m._, casket for rings. =bah=, _int._, pooh, pshaw, nonsense, fudge. =bahut=, _n.m._, trunk, chest, press. _En —_; rounded, convex. =bahuter=, _v.n._, to roister, to kick up a row. =bahutier=, _n.m._, trunk-maker. =bai=, =-e=, _adj._, bay. _Un cheval —_; a bay horse. _— châtain_; chestnut. _— miroité_; dapple-bay. _— clair_; light-bay. _— doré_; yellow dun. =baie=, _n.f._, bay, gulf, road; (arch.) bay; (bot.) berry; ☉humbug, trick. _Donner une — à quelqu’un_; to humbug one. =baignade=, _n.f._, bath, bathing; bathing-place. *=baigné=, =-e=, _part._, bathed, weltering; (geog.) washed. _On l’a trouvé — dans son sang_; he was found weltering in his blood. _Des yeux —s de larmes_; eyes bathed in tears. _Être — de sueur_; to be in a bath of perspiration. =baigner=, _v.a._, to bathe, to give a bath, to wash, to lave, to water. _Faire — les chevaux_; to take horses to the water. _se_ =baigner=, _v.r._, to bathe, to wash; to welter (in blood). *=baigner=, _v.n._, to soak; to steep. *=baigneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, bather, bath-keeper. ☉*=baignoir=, _n.m._, bathing-place. *=baignoire=, _n.f._, bathing-tub, bath; corner box (thea.). _Voiture —_; bathing-machine. *=bail=, _n.m._, (baux) lease. _— à ferme_; lease of ground. _— à long terme_; long lease. _Donner à —_; to lease. _Passer un —_; to draw up a lease. _Rompre_, _résilier_, _un —_; to break, to throw up, a lease. _Cela n’est pas de mon —_; I did not bargain for that. *=baille=, _n.f._, (nav.) half tub. _— de sonde_; bucket (for sounding). _— à brac_; tar-pail, _or_ kid. *=bâillement=, _n.m._, yawning, yawn; (gram.; l.u.) hiatus. *=bâiller=, _v.n._, to yawn, to gape; to open (fissures); to be on the jar, to gape (of doors). _On bâille souvent en voyant bâiller les autres_; yawning is catching. _Bâiller de sommeil_; to yawn with drowsiness. ☉*=bailler=, _v.a._, to give, to deliver. _— à ferme_; to let, to lease, to farm out. _Vous me la baillez belle_; you are humbugging me. *=baillet=, _adj._, (of horses) sorrel. ☉*=bailleul=, _n.m._, bone-setter. _V._ =rebouteur=. *=bâilleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, yawner; gaper. _Un bon — en fait bâiller deux_; yawning is catching. =baill-eur=, _n.m._, =-eresse=, _n.f._, one who leases, lessor. _Un — de fonds_; money-lender, sleeping partner. *=bailli=, _n.m._, bailiff. *=bailliage=, _n.m._, bailiwick. *=bailliag-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, of a bailiwick. *=baillive=, _n.f._, bailiff’s wife. =bâillon=, _n.m._, gag, muzzle; bribe. *=bâillonner=, _v.a._, to stop the mouth of, to gag, to muzzle; to wedge up (a door). =bain=, _n.m._, bath; bathing-tub; _pl._, baths, bathing establishment, bathing place, bathing room, waters. _— de mer_; salt water bath. _— à domicile_; bath at home. _— de siège_; hip bath. _— de vapeur_; vapor bath. _— de pieds_; foot bath. _La chambre de —_; the bath-room. _L’ordre du —_; the Order of the Bath. =bain-marie=, _n.m._ _Cuire au —_; to cook in a vessel immersed in boiling water. =baïonnette=, _n.f._, bayonet. _— au bout du fusil_; with fixed bayonets. _—s au canon!_ fix bayonets! _Croiser la —_; to cross bayonets. _Charger à la —_; to charge with fixed bayonets. _Enlever un poste à la —_; to carry a post at the point of the bayonet. =baïram= _or_ =beiram=, _n.m._, Baïram (Turkish feast). ☉=baisemain=, _n.m._, kissing (of hands); compliments. =baisement=, _n.m._, kissing of feet; (geom.) osculation. =baiser=, _v.a._, to kiss. =baiser=, _n.m._, kiss, salute. _Un — de Judas_; a treacherous kiss. =baiseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, kisser. =baisoter=, _v.a._, to be always kissing. =baisse=, _n.f._, fall, abatement, decline, falling off. _En —_; (com.) falling. _Jouer à la —_; to bear, to speculate on a fall. =baissé=, =-e=, _part._, down, let down, lowered. _Il marchait les yeux —s_; he walked with downcast eyes. _Se retirer tête —e_; to sneak away. _Donner tête —e dans le piège_; to fall headlong into the snare. =baisser=, _v.a._, to let down, to lower, to bring down, to hang down; to droop; (nav.) to lower, to strike. _Elle baissa son voile_; she let down her veil. _— le rideau_; to drop the curtain. _— la visière d’un casque_; to lower the beaver of a helmet. _— le drapeau_; to lower the colors. _— pavillon_; to strike one’s flag; to knock under to one. _— les yeux_; to cast one’s eyes down. _— la tête_; to hold, to hang down, to droop one’s head. _— l’oreille_; to look confused. =baisser=, _v.n._, to lower, to wear, to break, to fail, to decay; to go down; to ebb; to be on the decline, on the wane; to flag, to droop; to fall. _Le jour baisse_; night is coming on. _Ce vieillard baisse_; this old man is breaking up. _Sa vue commence à —_; his sight begins to fail. _Il baisse à vue d’œil_; he is visibly sinking. _Son génie baisse_; his genius is on the decline. _Ce malade baisse_; the patient is losing strength. _Les actions baissent_; there is a fall in the shares. _Les fonds baissent_; the funds are falling. _se_ =baisser=, _v.r._, to stoop; to bow down, to be lowered. _Il n’a qu’à — pour en prendre_; he has only to pick and choose. =baissier=, _n.m._, bear, operator for a fall. =baissière=, _n.f._, bottom of a cask; (agri.) hollow, puddle. =baisure=, _n.f._, kissing-crust. ☉=bajoire=, _n.f._, double-faced coin. =bajoue=, _n.f._, hog’s cheek; chap. =bajoyer=, _n.m._, lateral wall, facing. =bal=, _n.m._, ball, dance. _— masqué_; masked ball. _— paré_; fancy dress-ball. _— bourgeois_; private ball. _— champêtre_; country ball. _— costumé_; fancy dress ball. _Donner le — à quelqu’un_; to make one dance for it. _Mettre le — en train_; to set things going. _Mettre une carte au —_; to stake money upon a card. =baladin=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, mountebank, juggler, buffoon, merry-andrew. =baladinage=, _n.m._, buffoonery, nonsense. =balafre=, _n.f._, gash, slash, cut; scar. =balafrer=, _v.a._, to gash, to slash. =balai=, _n.m._, broom, brush, besom. _— de jonc_; carpet-broom. _— de crin_; hair-broom. _— de plume_; duster. _— à laver_; mop. _Manche à —_; broom-stick. _Donner un coup de —_; to sweep up. _Rôtir le —_; to play one’s pranks, to lead a fast life. _Il n’est rien tel que — neuf_; a new broom sweeps clean. =balais=, _adj._, balas. _Un rubis —_; a balas ruby. =balance=, _n.f._, balance, scales, pair of scales; balance (of an account); balance-sheet; (astron.) Libra. _— romaine_; steelyard. _Trait de la —_; turn of the scale. _— juste_; good scales. _Arrêter une —_; to agree a balance. _Réaliser une —_; to withdraw a balance. _Faire pencher la —_; to turn the scale. _Mettre en —_; to balance. _Ses droits peuvent-ils entrer en — avec les miens?_ can his claims be weighed in the same scale with mine? _Être en —_; to be irresolute. _Cela tient l’esprit en —_; that makes one irresolute. =balancé=, _n.m._, (dance) setting to one’s partner. =balancelle=, _n.f._, (nav.) felucca. =balancement= (-mān), _n.m._, balancing, poising; rocking, see-saw, fluctuation, wavering. =balancer=, _v.a._, to balance, to poise; to swing, to wave, to weigh, to counterbalance, to rock, to square (accounts). _— un javelot_; to poise a javelin. _— les avantages et les inconvénients_; to weigh the advantages and disadvantages. _— les pertes par le gain_; to balance the loss by the profit. _Ses vertus balancent tous ses vices_; his virtues outweigh all his vices. _— la victoire_; to keep the victory in doubt. _— un compte_; to balance an account. =balancer=, _v.n._, to balance, to hesitate, to be in suspense, to waver, to fluctuate, to demur. _Il balança s’il accepterait la place qu’on lui offrait_; he hesitated whether he should accept the situation offered him. _Il y a consenti sans —_; he consented to it without hesitating. _Il n’y a pas à —_; there is no room for hesitation. _se_ =balancer=, _v.r._, to swing, to rock. _Cette femme se balance trop en marchant_; that woman swings too much as she walks. _Un oiseau qui se balance dan l’air_; a bird hovering in the air. =balancier=, _n.m._, scale-maker; pendulum, balance; (coin.) coining-engine; balancing-pole. _Le — d’une horloge_; the pendulum of a clock. _Le — d’un tourne-broche_; the flyer of a roasting jack. _Le — d’une machine à vapeur_; the beam of a steam-engine. _Le — transversal d’une machine à vapeur_; cross-beam of an engine. =balancine=, _n.f._, (nav.) lift. =balançoire=, _n.f._, see-saw; swing. (fig.) _Quelle —!_ what a cram! =balane=, _n.m._, (conch.) acorn-shell. =balauste=, _n.f._, balausta, wild pomegranate. =balaustier=, _n.m._, wild pomegranate tree. =balayage=, =balayement=, _n.m._, sweeping. =balayer=, _v.a._, to sweep, to scour. _Sa robe balaie la terre_; her gown sweeps the ground. _Le vent balaie la plaine_; the wind sweeps the plain. _— les mers_; to scour the seas. =balayeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, scavenger, sweeper. =balayures=, _n.f.pl._, sweepings. _— de mer_; sea-weed washed on shore; drift-weed. =balbutiement= (-sî-mān), _n.m._, stuttering, stammering, lisping. =balbutier= (-cié), _v.a._ and _n._, to lisp, to stammer, to mumble. _Un enfant qui commence à —_; a child beginning to lisp. _Elle balbutia quelques mots_; she stammered out a few words. _— un compliment_; to stammer out a compliment. _Il ne fit que — son rôle_; he did nothing but mumble his part. =balbuzard=, _n.m._, bald-buzzard, osprey. =balcon=, _n.m._, balcony. =baldaquin=, _n.m._, baldachin; canopy, tester. =baleine=, _n.f._, whale, whale-bone. _Barbe de —_; whale-bone. _Huile de —_; whale oil. _La pêche de la —_; the whale fishery. _Blanc de —_; spermaceti. =baleiné=, =-e=, _adj._, stiffened with whalebone. _Un corset —_; whalebone stays. =baleineau=, _n.m._, young whale. =baleinier=, _n.m._, _adj._, whaler. =baleinière=, _n.f._, whale-boat. =balestron=, _n.m._, (nav.) sprit. ☉=balèvre=, _n.f._, under lip; (arch.) jutting or projection of one stone beyond another. =bali=, _n.m._ _V._ =pali=. =balisage=, _n.m._, (nav.) establishing of buoys, of beacons. =balise=, _n.f._, (nav.) sea-mark, buoy, beacon; (bot.) the fruit of the shot, canna-seed. =baliser=, _v.a._, (nav.) to buoy, to erect beacons. =baliseur=, _n.m._, person who sets up beacons, superintendent of towing-paths. =balisier=, _n.m._, (bot.) shot, American reed. =baliste=, _n.f._, war-machine, ballista; (ich.) file-fish, trigger-fish. =balistique=, _n.f._, ballistics. _adj._, ballistic. =balivage=, _n.m._, staddling. =baliveau=, _n.m._, staddle. =baliverne=, _n.f._, nonsense, humbug, stuff. _Il vous conte des —s_; he talks nonsense, tells you cock and bull stories. =baliverner=, _v.n._, to trifle, to talk idly, to fiddle-faddle. =ballade=, _n.f._, ballad. =ballage=, _n.m._, (metal) balling. =ballant=, _adj._, waving, swinging, dangling. _Il va les bras —s_; he swings his arms in walking. =ballast=, _n.m._, (railways) ballasting. =balle=, _n.f._, ball; bullet, shot; husk of rice; bale, pack; (print.) ball. _À vous la —_; it is your turn. _Juger la —_; to foresee the end. _Prendre la — à la volée_; to hit the ball in the air. _Prendre la — au bond_; to take the ball at the rebound; to seize the opportunity; to take time by the forelock. _Enfants de la —_; children following the business of their father. _C’est un enfant de la —_; he is his father’s son. _Renvoyer la —_; to return the ball, to give tit for tat, to turn the tables on. _Fusil chargé à —_; a musket loaded with ball. _—s ramées_; chain-shot. _— morte_; spent ball. _À —s franches_; free firing. _— au camp_; rounders. _Marchandise de —_; common, pack wares. ☉=baller=, _v.n._, to hop, to skip, to dance. =ballet=, _n.m._, ballet. =ballon=, _n.m._, balloon; football. _Envoyer un — d’essai_; to send out a feeler. =ballonné=, =-e=, _adj._, distended, swollen. =ballonnement= (-mān), _n.m._, (med.) swelling. =ballonnier=, _n.m._, football or balloon maker. =ballot=, _n.m._, bale, package, pack. _Voilà votre —_; that is exactly what you want, the very thing for you. =ballote=, _n.f._, (bot.) horehound. =ballotin=, _n.m._, small parcel, packet. =ballottade=, _n.f._, (man.) ballotade. =ballottage=, _n.m._, balloting. ☉=ballotte=, _n.f._, ballot; bucket. _V._ =boule=. =ballottement= (-mān), _n.m._, tossing, shaking; voting by ballot. =ballotter=, _v.a._, to toss, to toss about; to keep in suspense, to bandy (a tennis-ball); to debate; to ballot. _— quelqu’un_; to toss any one from pillar to post. =ballotter=, _v.n._, to shake, to rattle. _Cette porte ballotte_; that door shakes. =balnéaire=, _adj._, watering, bathing. _Ville —_; watering place. =balourd=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, numskull, dunce. =balourd=, =-e=, _adj._, dull, heavy, thick-headed. =balourdise=, _n.f._, stupidity, doltishness; stupid thing, gross blunder. =balsamier=, _n.m._ _V._ =baumier=. =balsamine= (-za-), _n.f._, balsamine. =balsamique= (-za-), _adj._, balsamic, balmy. =balsamite= (-za-). _V._ =tanaisie=. =balustrade=, _n.f._, balustrade. =balustre=, _n.m._, a baluster, hand-rail. =balustrer=, _v.a._, to rail in, fence in, surround with balusters. =balzan=, _adj._, (man.) white-footed, trammeled. =balzane=, _n.f._, (man.) whitefoot, white spot, blaze. =bambin=, _n.m._, baby, brat, bantling. =bambochade=, _n.f._, (paint.) grotesque picture, caricature. =bamboche=, _n.f._, (pop.) puppet show; bit of a thing (person); drinking bout, spree; young bamboo, bamboo-cane. _Faire une —_; to have a spree. _Faire des —s_; to lead a disorderly life. =bambocheu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (pop.) libertine. =bambou=, _n.m._, bamboo-cane, bamboo. =ban=, _n.m._, ban; public proclamation; banishment. _—s_, _pl._, banns (of matrimony). _Dispense de —s_; marriage license. _Mettre au —_; to send to Coventry. _Rompre son —_; to break one’s ban. _Entre au —_; to be under the ban. =banal=, =-e=, _adj._, common; commonplace; mercenary. _Expression —e_; vulgar, commonplace expression. =banalité=, _n.f._, vulgarity, a commonplace, a trite expression. =banane=, _n.f._, banana. =bananier=, _n.m._, banana-tree. =banc= (ban), _n.m._, bench, seat, settle; pew; reef, shoal, bank; bed; dock, bar. _Un — à dos_; a bench with a back to it. _Un — de gazon_; a turf seat. _— d’église_; church seat, pew. _— de l’œuvre_; churchwardens’ pew. _Il est encore sur les —s_; he is still at college. _Echouer sur un — de sable_; to run aground on a sand bank. _Un — de corail_; a coral reef. _Un — de harengs_; a shoal of herrings. _Un — d’huîtres_; a bed of oysters. _— de pierre_; layer, bed, of stone. _Être au — des accusés_; to be in the dock. _— des témoins_; witness-box. =bancal=, =-e=, _adj._, bandy-legged. ☉=bancelle=, _n.f._, long narrow form, seat. =banche=, _n.f._, sunken ridge. =banco=, _adj._, banco (a term used in exchange business). _Faire —_; to hold all the money staked. =bancroche=, _adj._ _V._ =bancal=. =bandage=, _n.m._, (surg.) bandage; application of bandages; belt; truss; tire (of wheels); hoop, (of guns); spring. _— herniaire_; truss. _Délier un —_; to undo a bandage. =bandagiste=, _n.m._, truss-maker. =bande=, _n.f._, band, belt, strip; company; gang; set of people, crew; flight; troop; (her.) bend; (arch.) fascia, string; (anat.) tract. _— de papier_; a slip of paper, wrapper. _La — d’une selle_; the side bar of a saddle. _La — d’un billard_; the cushion of a billiard-table. _Une — de voleurs_; a gang of thieves. _Ces oiseaux vont par —s_; those birds go in companies. _Faire — à part_; to keep apart. _Donner à la —_; (nav.) to heel. _Demi-—_; parliament-heel of a ship. _Sous —_; under wrapper. =bandé=, =-e=, _part._, bandaged, taut, stretched; (her.) bendy. =bandeau=, _n.m._, headband, fillet, frontlet, bandage; veil, mist; (arch.) string-course. _Avoir un — sur les yeux_; to be blindfolded. _En —x_; (of the hair) plain. =bandelette=, _n.f._, little band, string, fillet; (surg.) fascia; (arch.) bandelet. =bander=, _v.a._, to bind up; to tighten, to bend; to bandy (at tennis); (arch.) to lay the stones of an arch. _— une plaie_; to bind up a wound. _— la caisse_; to run away. _Se — la tête_; to bind up one’s head. _Se — les yeux_; to blindfold one’s self. =bander=, _v.n._, to be stretched, tight, taut. ☉_se_ =bander=, _v.r._, to oppose, to resist. =bandereau= (ban-dro), _n.m._, trumpet-sling. =banderole= (ban-drol), _n.f._, banderole, streamer, pennant; shoulder-belt. =bandière=, _n.f._ _Front de —_; front line of battle; ☉banner, flag. =bandit=, _n.m._, robber, vagabond, bandit, ruffian. ☉=bandoulier=, _n.m._, highwayman; mountaineer. =bandoulière=, _n.f._, shoulder-belt, bandoleer; (phot.) sling-case. _Porter la —_; to be a gamekeeper. _En —_; slung over the shoulder. =bandure=, _n.f._, (bot.) pitcher-plant. =bang=, _n.m._, (bot.) bang. =banian=, _n.m._, Banian (idolater in India). =banlieue=, _n.f._, suburbs, outskirts (of a town). =bannatte= _or_ =bannasse=, _n.f._, tallow sieve or strainer. =banne=, _n.f._, awning, tilt; tarpaulin; hamper (of boats). =banneau=, _n.m._, small hamper, fruit basket. =banner=, _v.a._, to cover with a tilt. =banneret= (-rè), _adj._, banneret. _Chevalier —_; knight banneret. =banneton=, _n.m._, basket, (fishing) cauf. =bannette=, _n.f._, small hamper. =banni=, =-e=, _part._, banished, outlawed. =bannière=, _n.f._, banner, standard, flag, colors, streamer. _Se ranger sous la — de quelqu’un_; to side with any one. _Aller au-devant de quelqu’un avec croix et —_; to give one a handsome reception. =bannir=, _v.a._, to banish, to expel, to dismiss; to drive away, to exclude, reject. =bannissable=, _adj._, deserving banishment. =bannissement= (-mān), _n.m._, banishment. =banque=, _n.f._, bank, banking business; (print. office) wages, pay-day. _Carnet de —_; bank book. _Mandat de la —_; bank-post-bill. _Succursale de —_; branch bank. _Compte de —_; bank account. _Assignation de —_; bank transfer. _Mettre à la —_; to put in the bank. _Faire la —_; to be a banker. _Action de la —_; bank-stock. _Billet de — de cinq livres_; a five-pound bank-note. _Avoir un compte en —_; to have an account open at the bank. _Faire sauter la —_; to break the bank. =banqueroute= (ban-kroot), _n.f._, bankruptcy. _— frauduleuse_; fraudulent bankruptcy. _Faire —_; to be bankrupt. _Faire — à quelqu’un_; to break one’s word. _Faire — à l’honneur_; to forfeit one’s honor. =banquerouti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, bankrupt. =banquet=, _n.m._, banquet, feast. =banqueter=, _v.n._, to banquet, to feast. =banquette=, _n.f._, bench; (fort.) banquette; outside (of a coach); footway (of a road). _Jouer devant les —s_; (theat.) to play to empty benches. =banquier=, _n.m._, money-agent, banker. =banquise=, _n.f._, ice-belt, ice-floe; bank (of fog). =bans=, _n.m.pl._, (hunt.) litter for dogs. =bantam=, _n.m._, bantam. =banvin=, _n.m._, (feudal law) right to sell wine. =baobab=, _n.m._, (bot.) baobab. =bapaume=, _n.f._, (nav.). _En —_; at a standstill. =baptême= (ba-têm), _n.m._, baptism, christening. _Nom de —_; Christian name. _Extrait de —_; certificate of baptism. _Recevoir le —_; to be baptized. _Tenir un enfant sur les fonts de —_; to stand godfather or godmother to a child. _Le — du tropique_; the ceremony of crossing the line, ducking at sea. =baptiser= (ba-ti-zé), _v.a._, to baptize, to christen. _— des cloches_; to consecrate bells. _— un vaisseau_; to christen a ship. _— quelqu’un_; to give one a nickname. _— son vin_; to dilute one’s wine. =baptismal=, =-e= (ba-tis-mal), _adj._, baptismal. =baptistaire= (ba-tis-tèr), _adj._, of baptism. _Registre —_; parish register. _Extrait —_; certificate of baptism. =baptiste= (ba-tist), _n.m._, baptist. =baptistère= (ba-tis-tèr), _n.m._, baptistery. =baquet=, _n.m._, tub, trough, bucket. =bar=, _n.m._, (ich.) umbrina; (pisc.) bass; bar. =baragouin=, _n.m._, gibberish, jargon, lingo. _Je ne comprends pas son —_; I don’t understand his gibberish. =baragouinage=, _n.m._, gibberish; rigmarole. =baragouiner=, _v.n._, to talk gibberish; to gabble. _Comme ces étrangers baragouinent_; how these foreigners do gabble, jabber. =baragouiner=, _v.a._, to sputter out. _— un discours_; to sputter out a speech. _— une langue_; to mangle a language. =baragouineu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, jabberer. =baraque=, _n.f._, barrack, hut; shed, shanty; booth (at fairs); hovel. =baraquement=, _n.m._, (milit.) hutting. =baraquer=, _v.a._, to make barracks; to hut. _se_ =baraquer=, _v.r._, (milit.) to make huts. =baraterie=, _n.f._, (nav.) barratry. =barattage=, _n.m._, churning. =baratte=, _n.f._, churn. =baratter=, _v.a._, to churn. =barbacane=, _n.f._, (fort.) barbacan; outlet. ☉=barbacole=, _n.m._, pedagogue, schoolmaster. =barbare=, _adj._, savage, merciless, barbarous, rude; barbarian. =barbare=, _n.m._, barbarian. =barbarement= (-mān), _adv._, barbarously. =barbaresque=, _adj._, of Barbary. =barbarie=, _n.f._, barbarity, rudeness, savageness, cruelty. _Commettre une —_; to commit a piece of barbarity. _— de langage_, _de style_; crudeness of language, of style. =barbarisme=, _n.m._, (gram.) barbarism. =barbe=, _n.f._, beard; whiskers (of cats, dogs, &c.); (vet.) barbel; lappet (of caps); (arts) rough edge; beard (of corn, barley, &c.); gills (of cocks); wattle (of fish). _Jours de —_; shaving days. _— bleue_; blue beard. _Sainte-—_; (nav.) gun-room. _Jeune —_; beardless boy. _Vieille —_; old man, graybeard. _Se faire la —_; to shave one’s self. _Se faire faire la —_; to get one’s self shaved. _Je le lui dirai à sa —_; I’ll tell it him to his face. _Faire la — à quelqu’un_; to beard any one, to show who is master. _Rire dans sa —_; to laugh in one’s sleeve. _La — d’une plume_; the feather of a quill. _Mouiller en —_; (nav.) to come with two anchors ahead. _— d’une coiffe_; pinner. _—-de-bouc_; (bot.) goat’s beard, tragopogon. _—-de-Jupiter_; Jupiter’s beard. _—-de-chèvre_; meadow sweet. _—-de-moine_; dodder. _—-de-capucin_; bleached dandelion, endive. =barbe=, _n.m._, barb, Barbary horse. =barbes=, _n.f.pl._, lappets, pinners. =barbé=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) barbed, bearded; (bot.) barbated. =barbeau=, _n.m._, (ich.) barbel; (bot.) bluebottle. =barbelé=, =-e=, _adj._, bearded, barbed. _Flèche —e_; barbed arrow. =barbet=, _n.m._, =-te=, _n.f._, water-spaniel. _Ce — va bien à l’eau_; that spaniel takes the water well. _Être crotté comme un —_; to be as dirty as you like. =barbette=, _n.f._, (milit.) barbette. _Tirer en —_; to fire in barbe, in barbette. _Coucher à la —_; to sleep on the floor. =barbeyer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to shiver. =barbiche=, _n.f._, billy-goat beard. =barbichon=, _n.m._, shaggy spaniel puppy. =barbier=, _n.m._, barber, shaver. =barbifier=, _v.a._, (fam.) to shave. *=barbillon=, _n.m._, a little barbel; gill (of a cock); wattle (of a fish, a turkey). *=barbillons=, _n.m.pl._, (vet.) barbles. =barbon=, _n.m._, graybeard, dotard; (bot.) sweet rush. _— odorant_; lemon grass. =barbote=, _n.f._, (ich.) eel-pout, loach, groundling. =barboter=, _v.n._, to dabble, to paddle, to splash about; (nav.) to shiver. =barboteur=, _n.m._, tame duck. =barboteuse=, _n.f._, (l.ex.) dirty drab; street-walker. =barbotière=, _n.f._, duck-pond; trough. =barbotine=, _n.f._, (bot.) wormseed. *=barbouillage=, _n.m._, daub, daubing; scrawl; rigmarole, twaddle. *=barbouillé=, =-e=, _part._, daubed, besmeared. *=barbouiller=, _v.a._, to daub, to besmear; to soil, to dirty, to blot; to scrawl, to scribble; to slur; to stammer, to splutter out; to mumble; to stumble, to flounder; to bungle. _Il lui a barbouillé le visage_; he has besmeared his face for him. _On l’a tout barbouillé d’encre_; they have daubed him all over with ink. _— un plancher_; to daub a floor. _Il n’écrit pas, il barbouille_; he does not write, he scrawls. _Il ne peint pas, il barbouille_; he does not paint, he daubs. _— un compliment_; to stammer out a compliment. _Qu’est-ce qu’il barbouille?_ what is he mumbling? _— un récit_; to make a bungle of a story. _— une feuille_; (print.) to slur a sheet. *_se_ =barbouiller=, _v.r._, to besmear, to injure one’s character. *=barbouilleur=, _n.m._, dauber, scribbler; mumbler, babbler. =barbu=, =-e=, _adj._, bearded. =barbu=, _n.m._, (orni.) barbet. =barbue=, _n.f._, (ich.) brill. =barcarolle=, _n.f._, barcarolle. ☉=barce= _or_ =berche=, _n.f._, a small cannon. =barcelonnette=, _n.f._, child’s cradle, swing-cot. =bard=, _n.m._, hand-barrow. =bardane=, _n.f._, (bot.) bur, burdock. =barde=, _n.f._, barb (iron armor for horses); rasher of bacon. =barde=, _n.m._, bard, poet. =bardé=, =-e=, _part._, barded; covered with a thin slice of bacon, larded. _Un cheval — et caparaçonné_; a horse barded and caparisoned. _Chapon —_; larded capon. =bardeau=, _n.m._, shingle (board); (bot.) mealy-tree; (print.) fount-case. =bardelle=, _n.f._, pack-saddle. =barder=, _v.a._, to cover with thin slices of bacon, to lard; to barb a horse; to remove stones, wood, &c., on a handbarrow. =bardeur=, _n.m._, stone-carrier. =bardis=, _n.m._, (nav.) water-board. =bardit=, _n.m._, (antiq.) Germanic war song. =bardot=, _n.m._, small mule, pack-mule; drudge, butt, laughing-stock. =barège=, _n.m._, barege. =barême=, _n.m._, ready reckoner. =baret=, _n.m._, roaring of an elephant. =bareter=, _v.n._, to roar like an elephant. =barge=, _n.f._, (orni.) godwit; (nav.) a barge; hay-mow, wood-pile. =barguette= (-ghèt), _n.f._, ferry-boat. *=barguignage= (-ghi-gnaj), _n.m._, (fam.) hesitation, haggling, wavering, higgling, dilly-dallying. *=barguigner= (-ghi-gné), _v.n._, to be irresolute, to haggle, to waver, to shilly-shally. *=barguigneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, haggler. =barigel=, _n.m._, (Italian) chief-constable. =baril= (-ri), _n.m._, barrel, cask, tub, keg. *=barille=, _n.f._, barilla. *=barillet=, _n.m._, rundlet; box; barrel of a watch, (of locks) drum. =bariolage=, _n.m._, variegation, odd medley of colors, motley. =barioler=, _v.a._, to streak with several colors, to variegate, to checker, to dapple. =bariquaut=, _n.m._ _V._ =barriquaut=. =baritel=, _n.m._, winding engine. _— à chevaux_; horse-whim, whim-gin. =barlong=, =-ue=, _adj._, of unequal length. =barnabite=, _n.m._, monk, barnabite-friar. =barnache=, _n.f._, (orni.) barnacle. =baromètre=, _n.m._, barometer, weather-glass. _Le — est au beau temps_; the barometer is at set fair. =barométrique=, _adj._, barometrical. =baron=, _n.m._, baron. =baronnage=, _n.m._, baronage. =baronne=, _n.f._, baroness. =baronnet=, _n.m._, baronet. _Chevalier —_; knight baronet. =baronnial=, =-e=, _adj._, baronial. =baronnie=, _n.f._, barony. =baroque=, _adj._, rough, irregular, uncouth, odd, singular, strange. =barque=, _n.f._, bark, boat, craft; barge. _— de pêcheur_; fishing boat. _Conduire la —_; to steer the boat. _Il conduit bien sa —_; he is getting on very well. _Il sait bien conduire sa —_; he knows how to manage his affairs. _Patron de —_; barge-master. =barquée=, _n.f._, boatful of any goods or stores. =barquerolle=, _n.f._, small barge. =barrage=, _n.m._, toll-bar; barrier; dam; weir. =barrager=, _n.m._, toll-gatherer. =barras=, _n.m._ _V._ =galipot=. =barre=, _n.f._, bar (of metal or wood); cross-bar; railing; bolt; division; lever, crow; dash, cross; (nav.) helm, tiller, bar; stripe; (mus.) bar; bar (of courts of judicature, public assemblies). _Avoir —s sur quelqu’un_; to have the advantage over any one. _Jouer aux —s_; to play at base (a game). _— sous le vent!_ (nav.) helm alee! (man.) _—s_; bars. _Tirer la —_; to close the list. _Je ne fais que toucher —s_; I am off again immediately. =barré=, _part._ _V._ =dent=. =barreau=, _n.m._, bar (for closing); bar (place reserved for barristers); lawyers, barristers; splat (of chairs). _Fréquenter le —_; to attend the courts. _Suivre le —_; to be a barrister. _Être reçu_, _admis_, _au —_; to be called to the bar. =barrer=, _v.a._, to bar; to bar up; to fence up; to obstruct, to thwart; to stop up; to cancel; to dash over; to cross off; (her.) to bar; (vet.) to knit fast (a vein). (fig.) _— quelqu’un_; to throw obstacles in any one’s way. =barrette=, _n.f._, man’s cap; cardinal’s cap. =barricade=, _n.f._, barricade. =barricader=, _v.a._, to barricade, to obstruct. =barrière=, _n.f._, rail, bar, barrier, stile; starting post. =barriquaut=, _n.m._, keg. =barrique=, _n.f._, large barrel or cask, hogshead. =barrir=, _v.n._, to trumpet (of elephants). =barrot=, _n.m._, (nav.) beam. =barroté=, =-e=, _adj._, (of a vessel) full to the beams. =barroter=, _v.a._, (nav.) to load (a vessel). =barrotin=, _n.m._, (nav.) lodge (across deck beam). =bartavelle=, _n.f._, red partridge. =baryte=, _n.f._, baryta. =baryton=, _n.m._, (mus.) baritone; (Greek gram.) barytone. =bas=, =-se=, _adj._, not high, low; shallow; vile, mean, despicable; abject, sordid; low, lower; inferior. _La marée est —se_; it is low water. _—se mer_; low water. _Une rivière —se_; a shallow river. _Les eaux sont —ses chez lui_; he is hard pushed for money. _Des sentiments —_; mean sentiments. _Une —se flatterie_; mean flattery. _Avoir l’âme —se_; to have a sordid soul. _Le — peuple_; the mob, the common people. _Parler d’un ton —_; to speak in a low voice. _Avoir le cœur haut et la fortune —e_; to have more spirit than fortune. _Avoir la vue —se_; to be short-sighted. _Une messe —se_; a low mass. _— étage_; lower story. _Une —se-fosse_; a dungeon. _Ce — monde_; this lower world. _Les Pays-Bas_; the Netherlands. _Le Bas-Rhin_; the Lower Rhine. _La Basse-Saxe_; Lower Saxony. _Les — officiers_; the inferior officers. _J’ai acheté cela à — prix_; I bought that at a very low price. _Les —ses cartes_; the small cards. _—se naissance_; mean birth. _Le — bout d’une chose_; the lower end of a thing. _La —se latinité_; low Latin. _Faire prendre à quelqu’un un ton plus —_; to make any one lower his tone. _Faire main —se sur_; to pillage, plunder, lay hands upon. _À porte —se, passant courbé_; one must bow to circumstances; the low door suits the shrunken frame. =bas=, _adv._, down, low. _À —!_ down with. _A — le tyran!_ down with the tyrant! _À — les ministres!_ down with the ministers! _Au plus —_; at the very lowest. _Bien —_; very low. _En —_; below, down stairs. _Être à —_; to be ruined. _Être — percé_; to be short of, to be run aground for money. _Chapeaux —!_ hats off! _Jeter —_; to throw down. _Ici-—_; here below. _Là-—_; over there, over the way, yonder. _Le malade est encore bien —_; the patient is still very weak. _Mettre —_; (of animals) to bring forth, to whelp, to foal, to cub, to lamb, to pup, to kitten; to lay down; to take off. _Parler —_; to speak low. _Regarder_, _traiter_, _quelqu’un du haut en —_; to look at, to treat any one contemptuously. _Tenir —_; to keep in submission, to keep under. =bas=, _n.m._, lower part; bottom; foot (of a thing); small (of the leg). _Le — du visage_; the lower part of the face. _Le — de l’escalier_; the foot of the stairs. _Il y a du haut et du — dans la vie_; there are ups and downs in life. _Être au —_; to be low (of liquids in casks). _Sa voix est belle dans le —_; (mus.) his voice is excellent in the lower notes. =bas=, _n.m._, stocking. _— bleu_; blue-stocking (literary woman). _— à côtes_, _à jour_; ribbed, open-worked, stocking. _— de laine_, _de soie_; woolen, silk, stocking. _Cela vous va comme un — de soie_; it fits you like a glove. =basalte=, _n.m._, basalt. =basaltique=, _adj._, basaltic. =basane=, _n.f._, sheep-leather. =basané=, =-e=, _adj._, tawny, sun-burnt, swarthy. =bas-bord=, _n.m._, (_n.p._). (nav.) _V._ =bâbord=. =bascule=, _n.f._, see-saw; weighing-machine; plyer (of a draw-bridge); reciprocating motion; rocker (of cradles); lever. _Chaise à —_; rocking-chair. _Faire la —_; to see-saw. _Fusil à —_; breech-loading gun. _Pont à —_; weigh-bridge. =basculer=, _v.n._, to see-saw, to tip off (to fall). =bas-dessus=, _n.m._, (_—-—_) (mus.) low treble. =base=, _n.f._, base, basis, bottom, foundation; ground-work, ground-plot; foot, stock, radix (of logarithms). _La — d’un système_; the basis of a system. _— des fondations_; (engineering) footing. =baselle=, _n.f._, (bot.) basella. =baser=, _v.a._, to found, to fix, to base, to ground, to rest, to settle. _se_ =baser=, _v.r._, to be fixed; to be grounded; to be founded; to depend, to rely. =bas-fond=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) flat, hollow, bottom; (nav.) shoal, shallow, shallow water. =basilaire=, _adj._, (anat.) basilar. =basilic=, _n.m._, (bot.) basil, sweet basil; (erpetology) basilisk, cockatrice. =basilicon= _or_ =basilicum=, _n.m._, ointment, basilicon. =basilique=, _n.f._, (anat., arch.) basilic, basilica. =basilique=, _adj._, (anat.) basilical. =basiliques=, _n.f.pl._, Basilic Constitutions. =basin=, _n.m._, dimity. =basique=, _adj._, (chem.) basic. =bas-métier=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (manu.) hand-frame. ☉=basoche=, _n.f._, basoche (corporation of lawyers). =basque=, _n.m.f._, Biscayan; Basque (nation and language). =basque=, _n.f._, flap, skirt, tail, of a garment. _Être toujours pendu à la — de quelqu’un_; to be always after any one, pestering anybody. =basquine=, _n.f._, skirt. =bas-relief=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (sculpt.) basso-relievo, bas-relief. =basse=, _n.f._, (mus.) bass, bass-string. _— continue_; thorough-bass. _Contre-—_; double-bass. =basse=, _n.f._, (nav.) shallow, flat, shoal, ridge of rocks, sand-bank, breaker. =basse-contre=, _n.f._, (_—s-—_) (mus.) bass-counter, lower tenor. =basse-cour=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_), inner court, poultry-yard, back-yard. =basse-étoffe=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) mixture of lead and pewter. =basse-fosse=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) dungeon. =basse-marche=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) treadle (for weaving). =bassement= (bâs-mān), _adv._, meanly, pitifully, poorly, despicably, vilely, sordidly. _Il s’exprime —_; he expresses himself vulgarly. _Penser —_; to have ignoble thoughts. =bassesse=, _n.f._, baseness, meanness, vileness, littleness, villany, servileness; mean, sordid, action. _Avec —_; meanly. _Faire une —_; to do a base action. =basset=, _n.m._, (mam.) terrier; basset-hound. =basset=, =-te=, _adj._, of low stature. *=basse-taille=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) (mus.) bass, (sculpt.) bas-relief. _V._ =baryton= and =bas-relief=. =bassette=, _n.f._, basset (game at cards). =basse-voile=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) (nav.) lower sail of a ship. =bassin=, _n.m._, basin, valley, hollow; pond; (anat.) pelvis; scale (balance); (nav.) dock. _Droit de —_; dock-due. _Le — d’un port_; the basin of a harbor; wet dock. _Les —s d’une balance_; the scales of a balance. _Cracher au —_; (fig.) to contribute, to fork out. _Mettre dans le —_; (nav.) to dock. _— à flot_; floating dock. _— d’échouage_, or _— de radoub_; dry dock. =bassine=, _n.f._, deep, wide pan. =bassiner=, _v.a._, to warm (a bed); to bathe (with warm lotions), to foment, to steep; to water. =bassinet=, _n.m._, pan, fire-pan (of fire-arms); (bot.) crowfoot; (anat.) calyx. =bassinoire=, _n.f._, warming-pan. =bassiot=, _n.m._, small tub (used by distillers). =basson=, _n.m._, (mus.) bassoon; bassoonist. =baste=, _n.m._, basto (cards). ☉=baster=, _v.n._, to suffice. Only employed in: _Baste pour cela_; well, so be it, let that pass. _Baste!_ pooh! nonsense! ☉=basterne=, _n.f._, basterna (cart drawn by oxen). =bastide=, _n.f._, block house, country-house, villa (in the south of France). *=bastille=, _n.f._, Bastille; fortress. *=bastillé=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) having inverted battlements. =bastingage=, _n.m._, (nav.) barricading, netting. =bastingue= (-ghe), _n.f._, quarter-netting. =bastinguer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to barricade. _se_ =bastinguer= (-ghé), _v.r._, (nav.) to barricade, to put up the netting. =bastion=, _n.m._, bastion. =bastionné=, =-e= (-tio-né), _adj._, having bastions. =bastionner=, _v.a._, to bastion, to fortify. =bastonnade=, _n.f._, bastinade, bastinado, drubbing. =bastringue= (-ghe), _n.m._, public-house ball; (pop.) uproar, row, shindy. =bastude=, _n.f._, fishing-net (used in the South). =bas-ventre=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) lower part of the abdomen. ☉=bat= (bate), _n.m._, tail of a fish; (nav.) barrel. =bât= (bā), _n.m._, pack-saddle. _Un cheval de —_; a pack-horse; (fig.) stupid person. _Vous ne savez pas où le — le blesse_; you know not where the shoe pinches him. =bataclan=, _n.m._, uproar, row, shindy. _Et tout le —_; and the rest of it. *=bataille=, _n.f._, battle, fight, engagement; battle array; beggar-my-neighbor. _— rangée_; pitched battle. _Ranger une armée en —_; to draw up an army in battle-array. _Cheval de —_; war-horse. _Livrer —_, or _donner —_; to give battle. _Livrer — pour quelqu’un_; to take up the cudgels for any one. _C’est son cheval de —_; it is his sheet-anchor _or_ stronghold. *=batailler=, _v.n._, to battle, to fight; to struggle hard. *=batailleu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, combative, pugnacious, quarrelsome; disputatious. *=bataillon=, _n.m._, battalion; (fig.) great number, host, regiment. _—s_, _pl._, army. _Chef de —_; major. =bâtard=, =-e=, _adj._, bastard, base-born, illegitimate, spurious; mongrel; inclined (of writing). _Chien —_; mongrel. _Fruits —s_; spurious fruits. _Porte —e_; small gateway. =bâtard=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, bastard, natural child. =batardeau=, _n.m._, coffer-dam. =bâtardière=, _n.f._, nursery of grafted trees. =bâtardise=, _n.f._, bastardy, spuriousness. ☉=batate= (bot.). _V._ =patate=. =batavique=, _adj._ _V._ =larme=. =batayole=, _n.f._, (nav.) stanchion. =bâté=, =-e=, _part._, saddled with a pack. _Il n’y a point d’âne plus mal — que celui du commun_; what is everybody’s business is always badly done. =bateau=, _n.m._, boat, barge, bark; body of a coach. _— à vapeur_; steamer, steamboat. _— d’agrément_; pleasure-boat. _— non ponté_; open boat. _— pêcheur_; fishing-boat. _— délesteur_; ballast-boat, lighter. _Porter —_; (of rivers) to to be navigable. _— lavoir_, _à lessive_; washerwoman’s boat. _— de passage_; ferry-boat. _— feu_; light-ship. _Arriver en trois —x_; to come with great fuss; in great state. =batelage= (-laj), _n.m._, juggling, juggler’s trick, legerdemain; boating. =batelée= (-lée), _n.f._, boat-load, boatful of people; crowd, flock. =batelet= (-lè), _n.m._, a little boat. =bateleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, juggler, buffoon, mountebank, merry-andrew, vaulter, rope-dancer. =bateli-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, waterman, ferryman, boatman. =bâter=, _v.a._, to load with a pack-saddle. =bâti=, _n.m._, basting, tacking (of garments). =bâti=, =-e=, _part._, built. _Un homme bien —_; a well-built man. =bâtier= (-tié), _n.m._, pack-saddle maker. =batifolage=, _n.m._, romping. =batifoler=, _v.n._, to play, to romp. =batifoleur=, _n.m._, (l.u.) romp. =bâtiment=, _n.m._, building, pile, structure, edifice, ship, vessel. _— marchand_; merchant vessel. _— balise_; beacon-ship, light-ship. _— parlementaire_; (nav.) flag of truce. _Emplacement d’un —_; site of a building. _— qui menace ruine_; building ready to fall. =bâtir=, _v.a._, to build, to raise, to erect, to rear up; to found; to trump up, to tack, to baste (linen, cloth). _C’est — en l’air_; it is building castles in the air. _— sur le devant_ (triv.); to grow bulky. =bâtisse=, _n.f._, building, construction (in masonry). =bâtisseur=, _n.m._, (b.s.) builder; wretched builder. =batiste=, _n.f._, cambric. _— de coton_; imitation muslin. _— de France_; French muslin. =bâton=, _n.m._, stick, staff, cudgel, cane, walking-staff, perch, truncheon; straight stroke (writing). _— de cannelle_; roll of cinnamon. _— de commandement_; staff of command. _— de pavillon_; flag-staff. _Donner des coups de — à quelqu’un_; to cudgel any one. _Il l’a menacé du —_; he threatened to cane him. _— à deux bouts_; quarter-staff. _Tour du —_; by-profit. _Faire une chose à —s rompus_; to do a thing by fits and starts. _Aller à cheval sur un —_; to ride on a stick. _Faire mourir sous le —_; to beat to death. _Jeter des —s dans les roues_; (fig.) to put spokes in anybody’s wheels, to raise obstacles. _Sauter le —_; to do anything in spite of one’s self. _Tour du —_; perquisites, pickings. =bâtonnat=, _n.m._, the presidentship of the order of French advocates. =bâtonner=, _v.a._, to cudgel, to cane, to bastinade; to cross out. =bâtonnet=, _n.m._, cat, tip-cat (boys’ game). =bâtonnier=, _n.m._, staff-bearer; president of the order of French advocates. =bâtonniste=, _n.m._, cudgel-player. =battage=, _n.m._, threshing (grain); striking (metal). =battant=, _n.m._, clapper (of bells); leaf (of a table or door); fly (of a flag). =battant=, _adj._, at work; beating, pelting; (nav.) ready for battle (of a ship). _Porte —e_; swing-door. _Tout — neuf_; brand-new. _Mener quelqu’un tambour —_; to carry it with a high hand over any one. _Par une pluie —e_; in pelting rain. =battant-l’œil=, _n.m._, (_—_), morning-cap. =batte=, _n.f._, wooden sabre; beater; washing-board; (gard.) turf-beetle. _— à beurre_; churn-staff. =battellement= (-mān), _n.m._, house-eaves. =battement= (-mān), _n.m._, clapping (of hands); stamping (of feet); flapping (of wings); beating (of the heart); shuffling (of cards); (horl.) beat. =batte-queue=, _n.m._, wag-tail. =batterie= (-rî), _n.f._, fight; battery; scuffle; lock (of fire-arms); beating (of the drum); broadside (of a ship). _Dresser une —_; to erect a battery. _— de cuisine_; kitchen utensils. _— électrique_; electric battery. =batteur=, _n.m._, beater. _— d’or_; goldbeater. _— en grange_; (agri.) thrasher. _— de pavé_; idler, lounger, loafer. =batteuse=, _n.f._, (agri.) thrashing-machine. =battoir=, _n.m._, beetle (of washerwomen); battledoor, racket. =battologie=, _n.f._, tautology. =battologique=, _adj._, tautological. =battre=, _v.a._, to beat, to strike, to bang, to thrash, to whip (a horse); to shuffle (cards); to gammon; to flag (of a sail against a mast). (agri.) _— en grange_; to thrash. _— un noyer_; to thrash a walnut-tree. _— du beurre_; to churn milk. _— monnaie_; to coin money; (fig.) to raise money. _— le fusil_; to strike a light. _— en retraite_; to beat a retreat. _— quelqu’un de ses propres armes_; to foil a man with his own weapons. _— la mesure_; to beat time. _— les cartes_; to shuffle the cards. _— le pavé_; to loaf about. _— la semelle_; to beat the hoof, to be upon the tramp. _— le bois_; to beat the wood for game. _— la campagne_; to rave, to talk, nonsense; to beat about the bush. _se_ =battre=, _v.r._, to fight, to combat, to scuffle. _Se — à qui aura quelque chose_; to scramble for something. =battre=, _v.n._, to beat, to pant, to throb; to be loose (of a horse-shoe). _Le pouls lui bat fort_; his pulse beats fast. _Le cœur me bat_; my heart beats. _Le fer de ce cheval bat_; the shoe of that horse is loose. _— des mains_; to applaud. _— de l’aile_; to flutter. _— froid à quelqu’un_; to give any one the cold shoulder. =battu=, =-e=, _part._, beaten, fought. =battue=, _n.f._, (hunt.) battue, beat. =batture=, _n.f._, gold-lacquering; (nav.) flat, shallow. =bau=, _n.m._, (nav.) beam. _Demi-—_; half-beam. _Maître —_; midship-beam. _Faux —_; orlop beam. =baud=, _n.m._, stag-hound. =baudet=, _n.m._, ass; sawyer’s trestle; donkey. =baudir=, _v.a._, (hunt.) to cheer the pack. =baudrier=, _n.m._, baldrick, shoulder-belt, belt. =baudroie=, _n.f._, (ich.) sea-devil, frog-fish. =baudruche=, _n.f._, gold-beater’s skin. =bauge=, _n.f._, lair of a wild boar; dirty hovel; (mas.) pugging-mortar. =baume=, _n.m._, balm; balsam; balm-mint. _Je n’ai pas de foi dans son —_; I have no faith in his plan, promises. =baumier=, _n.m._, balm-tree. =bauque=, _or_ =baugue=, _n.f._, grass-wrack. =bauquière=, _n.f._, (nav.) clamp. =bavard=, =-e=, _adj._, prating, talkative, loquacious, babbling. =bavard=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, prater, babbler, chatterer. =bavardage=, _n.m._, babbling, prattling, garrulity. =bavarder=, _v.n._, to babble, to prattle, to blab, to jabber. =bavarderie=, _n.f._, babbling, prating, garrulity, loquacity. =bavardin=, =-e= (l.u.). _V._ =bavard=. =bavardiner=, _v.n._, (l.u.) to talk; to prate, to prattle. =bavardise=, _n.f._, (l.u.) babbling, prating. =bavaroise=, _n.f._, bavaroise (an infusion of tea or milk and some syrup). =bave=, _n.f._, drivel, slaver, dribble; foam; slime. =baver=, _v.n._, to drivel, to slabber, to slaver, to dribble. =bavette=, _n.f._, bib, slabbering-bib. _Tailler des —s_; to gossip. =baveu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, driveling, slabbering. =baveu-x=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, driveler, dribbler. =baveuse=, _n.f._, (ich.) blenny. =bavoché=, =-e=, _part._, (engr.) uneven, smeary. =bavocher=, _v.a._, (engr.) to render uneven, to smear. =bavochure=, _n.f._, unevenness, smearing. =bavolet=, _n.m._, rustic head-gear. =bavure=, _n.f._, seam (in molding); blister (on pipes). =bayadère=, _n.f._, Bayadere (dancing-girl). =bayart=, _n.m._, hand-barrow. =baye=. _V._ =baie=. ☉=bayer=, _v.n._, to gape, to hanker after. _— après les richesses_; to hanker after riches. _— aux corneilles_; to stand gaping in the air. =bayette=, _n.f._, baize. ☉=bayeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, gaper, starer. =bayonnette=. _V._ =baïonnette=. =bazar=, _n.m._, bazaar, hovel, concern. =bazat=, _n.m._, Jerusalem cotton, bazat. =bdellium= (-om), _n.m._, gum resin. =béant=, =-e=, _adj._, gaping, yawning, wide open. _Gouffre —_; open pit, yawning chasm. _Bouche —e_; gaping mouth, all agape. =béat=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, devout person; (b.s.) sanctimonious individual. =béat=, =-e=, _adj._, (b.s.) sanctimonious. =béatement=, _adv._, sanctimoniously. =béatification=, _n.f._, beatification. =béatifier=, _v.n._, to beatify. =béatifique=, _adj._, beatifical, blissful. *=béatilles=, _n.f.pl._, tit-bits, dainties. =béatitude=, _n.f._, beatitude, blessedness. =beau= _or_ =bel=, =belle=, _adj._, [_bel_ before nouns singular beginning with a vowel or _h_ mute], beautiful, fine, lovely, handsome; fair; smart, spruce; glorious; lofty, noble; seemly, becoming. _Une belle journée_; a fine day. _C’est un beau parleur_; he is a fine-spoken man. _Se faire beau_; to make one’s self smart. _Comme vous voilà beau aujourd’hui!_ how spruce you are to-day! _Une belle femme_; a handsome woman. _De beaux traits_; handsome features. _Un beau teint_; a fair complexion. _Le beau sexe_; the fair sex. _Le temps se met au beau_; the weather is clearing up. _À beau jeu, beau retour_; one good turn deserves another. _Donner beau jeu à quelqu’un_; to give any one good cards, to give any one fair play. _Avoir beau jeu_; to have good cards, to have fair play. _Prendre sa belle_; to seize the opportunity. _Faire un beau coup_; to make a lucky hit. _Une belle âme_; a lofty soul. _Il fait beau se promener aujourd’hui_; it is fine weather for walking to-day. _Il en fait de belles_; he is going on at a fine rate, playing fine tricks. _Il m’en a compté de belles_; he told me a lot of lies. _Il m’en a compté de belles sur votre compte_; he abused you right and left to me. _Belle demande!_ a fine request to make! _Il l’a échappé belle_; he has had a narrow escape of it. _Charles le Bel_; (of France) Charles the Fair. _Philippe le Bel_; (of France) Philip the Fair. _Philippe le Beau_; (of Spain) Philip the Handsome. _Le beau monde_; the fashionable world. _Mourir de sa belle mort_; to die a natural death. _Au beau milieu_; in the very middle. _La belle plume fait le bel oiseau_; fine feathers make fine birds. _Déchirer à belles dents_; to criticize mercilessly, to rend any one. _Il fera beau quand j’y retournera_; it will be a long day before I go there again. _Être dans de beaux draps_; to be in a pretty pickle. =beau=, =bel=, =belle=, _adv._ _De plus belle_; with renewed ardor, worse than ever. _Tout beau_; gently, not so fast. _Avoir beau faire_; to try in vain. _J’ai beau faire_; it is in vain that I try. _Avoir beau dire_; to speak in vain. _J’ai beau dire_; it is useless for me to speak. _Bel et bien_; entirely, quite, altogether. _Bel et bon_; all very fine. _Voir tout en beau_; to see everything through rose-colored spectacles. _Faire le beau_; (of dogs) to beg. _Jouer la belle_; to play the rubber. =beau=, _n.m._, =belle=, _n.f._, beauty; beau, belle; charmer. =beaucoup=, _adv._, many much; a great many, a great deal; deeply; considerably; far. _Avoir — d’argent_; to have much money. _Avoir — d’enfants_; to have many children. _Il a — de patience_; he has a great deal of patience. _À — près_; by a great deal; near. _Il n’est pas à — près aussi riche qu’un tel_; he is not nearly so rich as so-and-so. _Il s’intéresse — à votre affaire_; he is deeply interested in your case. _De —_; by far. _Vous l’emportez de — sur lui_; you are far superior to him. _Vous le surpassez de —_; you are far beyond him. _Il s’en faut de — que son ouvrage soit achevé_; his work is very far from being finished. _À — moins_; for much less. _— de bruit pour rien_; much ado about nothing. =beau-fils=, _n.m._, (_—x-—_) son-in-law. =beau-frère=, _n.m._, (_—x-—s_) brother-in-law. =beau-père=, _n.m._, (_—x-—s_) father-in-law. =beaupré=, _n.m._, (nav.) bowsprit. =beau-semblant=, _n.m._, (_—x-—s_) pretense, feint. =beauté=, _n.f._, beauty; fineness, comeliness, prettiness, loveliness, elegance, agreeableness, neatness. _Tache de —_; beauty-spot. _Être dans toute sa —_; to be in one’s prime, at the height of one’s beauty. _Conserver sa —_; to preserve, to keep up, one’s beauty. _Avoir un — pour_; to be sweet upon. =bébé=, _n.m._, baby, baby-doll. =bec=, _n.m._, beak; bill, nib, rostrum; burner; lamp; snout; spout; socket; mouth-piece. _Le — de certains poissons_; the snout of some fishes. _Le — d’une aiguière_; the spout of an ewer. _Le — d’une plume_; the nib of a pen. _— de lampe_; socket of a lamp. _— de gaz_; gas-burner. _— d’une ancre_; bill of an anchor. _—-de-lièvre_, (_—s-—_) harelip. _Blanc-—_, (_—s-—s_) greenhorn; youngster. _—-en-ciseaux_, (_—s-—_) (orni.) cutwater. _Coups de —_; pecking. _Donner des coups de —_; to peck. _Percer à coups de —_; to peck through. _Coup de —_; wipe, taunt. _Tour de —_; kiss, buss. _Causer — à —_; to have a private talk with. _Avoir le — bien effilé_; to have one’s tongue well hung. _Elle n’a que le —_; she is all tongue. _Avoir le — gelé_; to be tongue-tied. _Avoir — et ongles_; to have teeth and nails. _Faire le — à quelqu’un_; to give one his cue. _Faire le petit —_; to mince. _Tenir quelqu’un le — dans l’eau_; to keep in suspense. _S’humecter le —_; to wet one’s whistle. _Se prendre de — avec quelqu’un_; to have a quarrel with any one. _Mener quelqu’un par le —_; to lead any one by the nose. _Passer la plume par le —_; to frustrate, to balk. _Se laisser passer la plume par le —_; to let one’s self be taken in. =bécabunga=, _or_ =beccabunga=, _n.m._, (bot.) beccabunga, brook-lime. *=bec-à-cuiller=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) (orni.) spoonbill. =bécard= _or_ =beccard=, _n.m._, female salmon. =bécane=, _n.f._, bike, bicycle. =bécarre=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (mus.) natural. =becasse=, _n.f._, woodcock; idiot. _Brider la —_; to cozen any one. _C’est une —_; she is a goose. =bécasseau=, _n.m._, young woodcock; dunlin, sand-piper. =bécassine=, _n.f._, (orni.) snipe. =bec-courdé=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_). _V._ =avocette=. =bec-croisé=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (orni.) crossbill. =bec-d’âne= (bé-da-n), _n.m._, (_—s-—_) mortise-chisel. =bec-de-corbin=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) bill-head; (nav.) ripping-iron. =bec-de-grue=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) crane’s bill, stork’s bill (bot.). =bec-de-lièvre=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) harelip; harelipped person. =becfigue=, _n.m._, (orni.) fig-pecker. =bec-fin=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (orni.) warbler. =béchamel=, _n.f._, (cook.) cream-sauce. =bécharu=, _n.m._, (orni.) flamingo. =bêche=, _n.f._, grafting-tool; spade. =bêcher=, _v.a._, to dig. =béchique=, _adj._, (med.) bechic, cough-relieving. =bec-jaune=, (_—s-—s_). _V._ =béjaune=. =becqué=, _adj._, (her.) beaked. =becquée= _or_ =béquée=, _n.f._, a billful. _Donner la — à un oiseau_; to feed a bird. =becqueter= _or_ =béqueter=, _v.a._, to peck. _se_ =becqueter= _or_ =béqueter=, _v.r._, to peck one another; to beak; to bill. =bécune=, _n.f._, (ich.) trumpet-fish, sea-snipe. =bedaine=, _n.f._, (jest.) paunch. _Remplir_, _farcir sa —_; to stuff one’s belly. =bédane=, _n.m._, mortise-chisel, paring-chisel. =bedeau=, _n.m._, beadle. =bédégar=, _n.m._, (phar.) bedeguar. =bedon=, _n.m._, ☉tabret, drum. _adj._, barrel-bellied. =bédouin=, _n.m._ and _adj._, Bédouin. =bée=, _adj._, open at one end (of casks). =bée=, _n.f._, mill-dam. _V._ =abée=. =béer=. _V._ =bayer=. =beffroi=, _n.m._, belfry; watch-tower; steeple; alarm-bell. =bégaiement= _or_ =bégayement= (-ghê-mān), _n.m._, stammering, faltering. =bégayer=, _v.n._, to stammer; to lisp; to falter. =bégayer=, _v.a._, to stammer out, to stutter, to lisp. =bégu=, =-ë=, _adj._, (of a horse) that does not mark age, counter-marked. =bègue= (bèg), _adj._, stammering, stuttering. =bègue=, _n.m.f._, stammerer, stutterer. =bégueule= (-gheul), _n.f._, prude, proud minx. =bégueule=, _adj._, prudish, squeamish, strait-laced. =bégueulerie= (-gheul-rî), _n.f._, prudery, affected austerity, squeamishness. =béguin= (-ghin), _n.m._, hood, child’s cap; beguin, monk, beghard. _Avoir un — pour_; to be sweet upon. =béguine=, _n.f._, béguine; (b.s.) affectedly devout person; nun. =béguinage= (-ghi-), _n.m._, convent of beguins; affected devotion. =bégum= (-gom), _n.f._, begum. =béhémoth=, _n.m._, behemoth, hippopotamus. =béhen= (-hène), _n.m._, (bot.) behen. =beige=, _adj._, (of wool); natural, undyed. =beige=, _n.f._, unbleached serge. *=beignet=, _n.m._, fritter. =beïram=. _V._ =bairam=. =béjaune=, _n.m._, (falconry) eyas, nias; ninny; blunder, silliness, mistake. _Montrer à quelqu’un son —_; to show any one his ignorance. _Payer son —_; to pay one’s footing. =bel=, _adj.m._ _V._ =beau=. =bélandre=, _n.f._, (nav.) bilander. =bêlant=, =-e=, _adj._, bleating. =belée=, _n.f._, (nav.) white hawser. =bêlement= (-mān), _n.m._, bleating of sheep. =bélemnite=, _n.f._, (foss.) belemnite. =bêler=, _v.n._, to bleat. _Brebis qui bêle perd sa goulée_; (prov.) too much talk, no dinner. =belette=, _n.f._, weasel, fitchet. =belge=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, Belgian. =belgique=, _adj._, Belgic. =belle=, =belif=, _or_ =bellif=, _n.m._, (her.) gules. =bélier=, _n.m._, ram; battering-ram; Aries (one of the signs of the zodiac). =bélière=, _n.f._, sheep-bell, clapper-bell. =bélître=, _n.m._, rascal, scoundrel, ragamuffin. =belladone=, _n.f._, belladonna, deadly nightshade. =bellâtre=, _n.m._, insipid beauty; fop, coxcomb. _adj._, beauish, foppish. =belle=, _n.f._ _V._ =beau=. =belle=, _adj._ _V._ =beau=. =belle-dame=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_). _V._ =arroche=. =belle-de-jour=, _n.f._, (_—s-—_) convolvulus, yellow day-lily. =belle-de-nuit=, _n.f._, (_—s-—_) marvel of Peru. =belle-d’un-jour=, _n.f._, (_—s-—_) (bot.) yellow day-lily. =belle-fille=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) daughter-in-law; step-daughter. =bellement= (-mān), _adv._, (l.u.) softly. =belle-mère=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) mother-in-law; step-mother. =belles-lettres=, _n.f.pl._, (_n.s._) polite literature, belles-lettres. =belle-sœur=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) sister-in-law; step-sister. =belligérant=, =-e= (bel-li-), _n._ and _adj._, belligerent, engaged in war. =belligérer=, _v.n._, to make war. =belliqueu-x=, =-se= (bel-li-), _adj._, warlike, martial, valiant; bellicose, quarrelsome. =bellissime=, _adj._, (l.u.) extremely fine. =bellot=, =-te=, _adj._, pretty, neat, natty. =beluge=, _n.m._, (ich.) beluga. =belvéder= (-dère), _or_ =belvédère=, _n.m._, turret, terrace, belvidere. =belzébuth=, _n.m._, Beelzebub. =bémol=, _n.m._, (mus.) flat, bemol. =bémol=, _adj._, flat. =bémoliser=, _v.a._, (mus.) to mark with a flat. =ben= (bène), _n.m._, (bot., pharm.) ben; ben-nut. _Noix de —_; ben-nut, oil-nut. =bénarde=, _n.f._, mortise dead-lock. _Serrure —_; opening and shutting on both sides. _Clé —_; solid-key, pin-key. =bénédicité=, _n.m._, grace (before meals). =bénédictin=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, _adj._, Benedictine. =bénédiction=, _n.f._, consecration, benediction, blessing, benison. _La — d’une église_; the consecration of a church. _Pays de —_; country of plenty. _Maison de —_; house of piety. _Combler de —s_; to load with blessings. _Donner la —_; to bless. _Quelle —!_ what a blessing! _En —_; blessed, held sacred. =bénéfice=, _n.m._, benefice, living; benefit, advantage, profit; privilege. _À —_; (com.) at a premium. _— brut_; gross profit. _— net_; net profit. _— à charge d’âmes_; a living with care of souls. _Il faut prendre le — avec les charges_; we must take it for better or worse. _Avoir une représentation à —_; (thea.) to take a benefit. ☉=bénéficence=, _n.f._, beneficence, favor. =bénéficiaire=, _adj._ _Héritier —_; heir liable to no debts above the value of the assets. =bénéficiaire=, _n.m.f._, beneficiary, recipient; (thea.) person who takes a benefit. =bénéficial=, =-e=, _adj._, beneficiary (of livings). =bénéficier=, _n.m._, beneficed clergyman, incumbent. =bénéficier=, _v.a._, to extract metal from its ore. =bénéficier=, _v.n._, (com.) to get, to gain, to profit by. =benêt=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, booby, fool, simpleton; silly. ☉=bénévole=, _adj._, gentle, kind, kindly. _Lecteur —_; kind, gentle, reader. =bénévolement= (-mān), _adv._, out of good will. =bengali= (bin-), _n.m._, Bengalee; (orni.) bengalee. =béni=, =-e=, _part._, blessed, praised. _V._ =bénit=. *=bénignement=, _adv._, benignly, kindly, graciously. *=bénignité=, _n.f._, benignity, graciousness, kindness. *=béni-n=, =-gne=, _adj._, benign, kind, gentle, good-natured, placid; (med.) mild. =bénir=, _v.a._, to bless, to praise; to wish well; to hallow; to consecrate. _Dieu vous bénisse_; God bless you. =bénit=, =-e=, _part._, hallowed, consecrated. _Du pain —_; consecrated bread. _De l’eau —e_; holy-water. _Eau de cour_; empty promises. =bénitier= (-tié), _n.m._, holy-water basin; fount. =benjamin= (bin-) _n.m._, favorite, youngest child. =benjoin= (bin-), _n.m._, benjamin, benzoin, asadulcis. =benoîte=, _n.f._, (bot.) herb-bennet, avens. =benzine=, _n.f._, benzine. =benzoate= (bin-), _n.m._, (chem.) benzoate. =benzoïque= (bin-), _adj._, (chem.) benzoic. *=béquillard=, _n.m._, (pop.) old cripple. *=béquille=, _n.f._, crutch, crutch-stick; (agri.) spud; (nav.) shore. *=béquiller=, _v.n._, to walk on crutches. *=béquiller=, _v.a._, (gard.) to dig weeds up with a spud; (nav.) to shore up. =ber= (bère), _n.m._, (nav.) cradle. =berbère=, _n.m._ and _f._, Berber. =berbéris=, _n.m._, (bot.) barberry. *=bercail=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) sheepfold, fold. =berce=, _n.f._, (bot.) cow-parsnip. =berceau=, _n.m._, cradle; place of one’s infancy; arbor, bower; (arch.) vault; (nav.) cradle; (fig.) source, origin, infancy. =bercelle=, _n.f._, pincers (used by enamelers). =bercelonnette=, _n.f._ _V._ =barcelonnette=. =bercement=, _n.m._, rocking, lulling; deception, delusion. =bercer=, _v.a._, to rock, to lull asleep; to lull, to amuse, to feed with hope; to delude, to flatter. _se_ =bercer=, _v.r._, to delude one’s self, to feed on, to cradle. _Il se berce de vaines espérances_; he deludes himself with vain hopes. _Le diable le berce_; he is always on the rack. _J’ai été bercé de cela_; I have heard that from my cradle. =berceuse=, _n.f._, rocker; rocking-chair. =béret=, _n.m._, cap; Tam o’ Shanter. =bergame=, _n.f._, bergamot. =bergamote=, _n.f._, odoriferous citron; bergamot (pear); comfit box. =berge=, _n.f._, steep bank of a river; bluff. =berger=, _n.m._, shepherd; swain, lover. _L’heure du —_; the happy, favorable, moment. =bergère=, _n.f._, shepherdess; nymph, lass; (fig.) easy-chair. =bergerette=, _n.f._, little shepherdess, country lass; (ornith.) wagtail. =bergerie=, _n.f._, sheepfold, pen; _pl._, pastorals. =bergeronnette=, _n.f._, young shepherdess, lass; (orni.) dish-washer, wagtail. =béril=, _n.m._ _V._ =béryl=. =berle=, _n.f._, smallage, water-parsnip. =berline=, _n.f._, traveling-coach, berlin. =berlingot=, _n.m._, chariot resembling a berlin, sort of gig. =berloque= _or_ =breloque=, _n.f._, (milit.) dinner-drum, breakfast-drum. (fig.) _Battre la —_; to talk at random. =berlue=, _n.f._, dimness of sight, dazzling. _Avoir la —_; to be dim-sighted; (fig.) to be blind, not to see further than one’s nose. =berme=, _n.f._, (fort.) berme. =bermudienne= (-di-è-n), _n.f._, (bot.) bermudiana. =bernable=, _adj._, deserving to be laughed at, ridiculous. =bernacle=, _n.f._ _V._ =barnacle=. =bernardin=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, bernardine (monk, nun). =berne=, _n.f._, tossing in a blanket; banter. _En —_; (nav.) awaft. _Mettre le pavillon en —_; to set up the flag at half-mast. =bernement=, _n.m._ _V._ =berne=. =berner=, _v.a._, to toss in a blanket; to ridicule, to make a fool of, to deride, to laugh at. =berneur=, _n.m._, chaffer, banterer, sneerer. =bernique=, _int._, (pop.) no use; not a bit of it, no go. _Je croyais le trouver chez lui, mais —_; I thought I should find him in the house, but the bird had flown! =berniquet=, _n.m._, (pop.) bran-basket. Only used in the expressions: _Être au —_; to be reduced to beggary. _Mettre quelqu’un au —_; to reduce any one to beggary. =bernous=, _n.m._, bernous, hooded cloak. =berret=, _n.m._ _V._ =béret=. =béryl=, _n.m._, beryl. =besace=, _n.f._, wallet. _Être à la —_; to be reduced to beggary. _Mettre à la —_; to bring one to beggary. =besacier=, _n.m._, one who carries a wallet, a beggar. =besaigre=, _adj._, (of wine) sourish, tartish. _Tourner au —_; to turn sour. =besant=, _n.m._, (her.) bezant; (antiq.) byzant. =besas=, =beset=, _n.m._, (trictrac) ambs-ace. =besi=, _n.m._, a species of pear. ☉=besicles=, _n.f.pl._, spectacles; barnacles. =bésigue=, _n.m._, besique or bézique (a card game). *=besogne=, _n.f._, work, business, labor, job, piece of work. _Mettre la main à la —_; to set to work. _Mettre quelqu’un à la —_; to set any one to work. _Vous avez fait là une belle —_; you have made a pretty mess of it. _Aimer — faite_; to hate work. _S’endormir sur la —_; to be slack about one’s work. _Tailler de la — à quelqu’un_; to cut out work for, to give trouble to, any one. _Être accablé de —_; to be over head and ears in work. _Abattre de la —_; to get through a lot of work. _Aller vite en —_; to act quickly; not to mince matters. ☉*=besogner=, _v.n._, to work, to labor. *=besogneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, necessitous, needy. =besoin=, _n.m._, need, want, occasion, emergency; distress, necessity, requirement. _Avoir — de quelque chose_; to want something. _Je n’en ai pas —_; I have no occasion for it. _J’en ai plus — que vous_; I want it more than you do. _Il est dans le —_; he is in distress. _N’avoir — de rien_; to want nothing. _Au —_; at a pinch, in case of need. _Il l’a assisté dans le —_; he was a friend to him in his distress. _Autant qu’il est —_; as much as is needful. _Il n’est pas — de_, _il n’est pas — que_; it is not necessary to, there is no occasion for. _Pour subvenir à ses —s_; to supply one’s wants. _On connaît les amis au —_; a friend in need is a friend indeed. =besson=, =-ne=, _adj._, _n._, twin. =bestiaire=, _n.m._, (antiq.) gladiator, bestiarius; fable-book. =bestial=, =-e=, _adj._, beastly, bestial, brutish. =bestialement= (-mān), _adj._, bestially, brutally, like a beast. =bestialité= (-tia-), _n.f._, bestiality. =bestiasse= (-tias), _n.f._, dolt, simpleton, ass. =bestiaux= (-tiô), _n.m._ (plural of =bétail=), cattle. =bestiole= (-tiol), _n.f._, (l.u.) little animal; poor fool. =bêta=, _n.m._, =bêtasse=, _n.f._, blockhead, simpleton, fool. _C’est un gros —_; he is a stupid fellow. *=bétail=, _n.m._, (_bestiaux_) cattle. _Gros —_; horned cattle. _Menu —_; small cattle. =bête=, _n.f._, beast, brute, dumb creature, beast; fool, blockhead, stupid creature, fool; beast (game at cards). _— à laine_; sheep. _— à cornes_; horned beast. _— de somme_; beast of burden. _— brute_; brute beast. _— de la Vierge_; ladybird. _Une bonne —_; a good-natured fool. _C’est une maligne —_; he is a spiteful animal. _C’est ma — noire_; he, she, it, is my pet aversion. _Faire la —_; to play the fool, to stand in one’s own light. _Remonter sur sa —_; to get on one’s legs again. _Morte la —, mort le venin_; dead men tell no tales. =bête=, _adj._, silly, stupid, foolish, nonsensical. _Il est — à manger du foin_; he is a perfect idiot. _Pas si —_; not such a fool, not so green? =bétel=, _n.m._, (bot.) betel. =bêtement= (-mān), _adv._, like a fool, foolishly, stupidly. =bêtise=, _n.f._, silliness, stupidity, tomfoolery, silly thing, absurdity. _C’est sa — qui l’a perdu_; his stupidity was the ruin of him. _Il a fait une —_; he did a stupid thing. _Quelle —!_ what an absurdity! _Il a dit une —_; he said a silly thing. _Il ne dit que des —s_; he talks nothing but nonsense. _C’est de la —_; it’s all nonsense. _Faire des —s_; to play pranks. =bétoine=, _n.f._, (bot.) betony. =bétoire=, _n.m._, drain-pit, drain-hole. =béton=, _n.m._, beton, concrete. =bette=, _n.f._, (bot.) beet. =betterave= (-rav), _n.f._, beet, beet-root, mangold-wurzel. =bétyle=, _n.f._, (myth.) idol-stone. =beuglement=, _n.m._, bellowing, lowing. =beugler=, _v.n._, to bellow, to low. _Il se mit à —_; he began to roar like a bull. =beurre=, _n.m._, butter. _— fondu_; butter melted. _Pot de —_; jar of butter. _Pot à —_; butter-jar. _— noir_; brown butter. _Faire son —_; to make nice pickings. _Promettre plus de — que de pain_; to promise more than one can perform. _On ne peut manier le — qu’on ne se graisse les doigts_; you cannot touch pitch without soiling your fingers. =beurré=, _n.m._, butter-pear. =beurrée=, _n.f._, slice of bread and butter. =beurrer=, _v.a._, to butter. =beurrerie= (beur-rî), _n.f._, butter-dairy. =beurrier=, _n.m._, butter-dish. =beurri-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, butter-man, butter-woman. _Il n’est bon que pour la beurrière_; (of a book) it is only fit for the cheesemonger’s shop. =bévue=, _n.f._, blunder, oversight, mistake. _Une — grossière_; an egregious mistake. _Faiseur de —s_; blunderer. =bey=, _n.m._, bey. =bezet=, _n.m._ _V._ =besas=. =bézoard=, _n.m._, (phar.) bezoar. =bezole=, _n.m._, (ich.) bezola. =b-fa-si=, (mus.) B; (vocal mus.) si. =biais=, _n.m._, bias, slope; slant, sloping, askew; way, manner, shift, subterfuge. _Couper une étoffe de —_; to cut on the bias, cross. _Prendre une affaire du bon —_, _du mauvais —_; to go the right, the wrong, way to work. _User de —_; use subterfuges. =biaisement= (-mān), _n.m._, sloping, slanting, (b.s.) to shift, evasion. =biaiser=, _v.n._, to slope, to slant, to lean; to use shifts, evasions. _C’est un homme qui biaise_; he is a shuffler. =biaiseur=, _n.m._, shuffler, shifter. =biangulaire=, _adj._, biangulated. =bibelot=, _n.m._, bauble, trinket, nicknack, gewgaw. =biberon=, _n.m._, the lip of a cruet; feeding-bottle. _Elever un enfant au —_; to bring up a child by hand. =biberon=, =-ne=, _n.m._ and _n.f._, tippler, toper. =bible=, _n.f._, Bible. =bibliographe=, _n.m._, bibliographer. =bibliographie=, _n.f._, bibliography. =bibliographique=, _adj._, bibliographical. =bibliolithe=, _n.f._, bibliolite. =bibliomane=, _n.m._, bibliomaniac. =bibliomanie=, _n.f._, bibliomania. =bibliophile=, _n.m._, lover of books. =bibliopole=, _n.m._, bibliopole, bibliopolist. =bibliothécaire=, _n.m._, librarian, library-keeper. =bibliothèque=, _n.f._, library; book-case, book-shelves. _C’est une — vivante_; he is a walking library. =biblique=, _adj._, biblical. =bibliste=, _n.m._, biblist. =bibus=, _n.m._, trifle. _Des raisons de —_; paltry reasons. =bicarbonate=, _n.m._, (chem.) bicarbonate. =biceps= (-sèps), _n.m._, (anat.) biceps. ☉=bicêtre=, _n.m._, mad-house. (The French Bedlam.) =biche=, _n.f._, hind; roe. _À pied de —_; claw-footed. =bichette=, _n.f._, little dear, love (child). =bichon=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, lap-dog; little dear, love. =bichonner=, _v.a._, to curl. _se_ =bichonner=, _v.r._, to curl one’s hair. =biconcave=, _adj._, bi-concave. =bicoque=, _n.f._, little paltry town; hut, hovel. =bicorne=, _adj._, bicornered, two-horned. =bicornu=, =-e=, _adj._, bicornous. =bicuspidé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) having two points, bicuspid. =bidenté=, =-e=, _adj._, bidental. =bidet=, _n.m._, pony, nag; bidet (bath). =bidon=, _n.m._, can; camp-kettle; canteen. =bief= (bié), _or_ =biez= (bié), _n.m._, mill-course, mill-race; reach (canals). =bielle=, _n.f._, crank, connecting-rod. =bien= (bi-in), _n.m._, good, benefit, welfare, wellbeing, blessing; gift; boon, mercy; endowment; estate; property; gains; _pl._, good things; goods; chattels. _Le souverain —_; the sovereign good. _Les —s de la terre_; the good things of the earth. _Rendre le — pour le mal_; to render good for evil. _Cela ne fait ni — ni mal_; that does neither good nor harm. _Cela fait du —_; that does one good. _Dire du — de quelqu’un_; to speak well of any one. _Grand — vous fasse_; much good may it do you. _Un homme de —_; an honest, virtuous man. _Les gens de —_; good men. _En tout — et tout honneur_; with honorable intentions. _— clair et liquide_; unencumbered estate. _— embarrassé_; encumbered estate. _— engagé_, _hypothéqué_; mortgaged estate. _Avoir du — au soleil_; to have landed property. _Avoir du — mal acquis_; to have ill-gotten gains. _Dépenser_, _manger son —_; to spend one’s fortune. _Le — public_; public weal. _Abondance de —s ne nuit pas_; store is no sore. _Mener à —_; to bring to a successful issue. _Le mieux est l’ennemi du —_; leave well alone. _Périr corps et —s_; (of ships) to go down with all hands. _Séparation de corps et de —s_; judicial separation (_a mensâ et thoro_). =bien= (bi-in), _adv._, well; right; proper, properly; finely; in a fine plight, pickle, mess; comfortable; well off; on good terms; in favor; good-looking; much; certainly; truly; indeed; quite; full; completely; formally; clearly; expressly; very; far; very much; very well; many; great many; a great deal. _Il se conduit —_; he behaves well. _Il se porte —_; he is well. _Il parle — français_; he speaks French well. _Assez —_; pretty well. _Fort —_; very well. _Passablement —_; tolerably well. _Ils sont fort — ensemble_; they are on very good terms. _On est fort — ici_; this is a very comfortable place. _Je suis très — ici_; I am quite comfortable here. _Cette femme est —_; that woman is good-looking. _Cette jeune personne se tient —_; that young lady has a good carriage. _— trouvé_; cleverly thought of. _C’est —_; that’s right. _Tout va —_; all’s right. _Je me trouve — de ce nouveau régime_; I am all the better for this new diet. _Il est — dans ses affaires_; he is well to do. _Nous voilà —_; we are in a fine pickle. _Voilà — du bruit pour un rien_; here is a mighty deal of stir about nothing. _Il y avait — du monde_; there were many people. _Il est déjà — loin_; he is very far off by this time. _Vous êtes — bon_; you are very kind. _— mieux_; far better. _Il a été — attrapé_; he has been finely caught. _Il a été — battu_; he has been soundly beaten. _J’en ai — assez de tout ce monde_; I am heartily sick of all these people. _Il y a — dix lieues d’ici_; it is fully ten leagues away. _Je l’ai — pensé_; I thought so. _Je vous l’avais — dit_; I told you so. _Il y a — là de quoi plaisanter!_ a fine matter truly for joking! _Auriez-vous — l’assurance de le nier?_ would you really be bold enough to deny it? _C’est être — prompt_; this is being rather hasty. _Je le savais —_, _je m’en doutais —_; I knew as much, I suspected as much. _— lui a pris de_; it was well for him he did so. _Je le veux —_; I have no objection. _Voulez-vous — me donner son adresse?_ would you be so good as to give me his address? _Regardez-moi —_; look at me steadfastly. =bien-aimé=, =-e=, _adj._ & _n.m.f._, (_—-—s_) beloved, well-beloved, darling, dear, lief. =bien-dire=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) (fam.) fine speaking. _Le bien faire vaut mieux que le —_; to act well is better than to talk well. _Être sur son —_; to be on one’s best behavior. =bien-disant=, =-e=, _adj._, (_—-—s_) well-spoken. =bien-être=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) well-being, welfare, comfort, comforts. _Tout le monde cherche son —_; every one looks after his own comforts. =bienfaisance=, _n.f._, beneficence, bounty, munificence. _Société de —_; benevolent society. _Œuvre de —_; charity. =bienfaisant=, =-e=, _adj._, beneficent, kind, gracious, bountiful, munificent. =bienfait=, _n.m._, good term, good office, kindness, benefit, favor, pleasure, courtesy. _Combler de —s_; to load with favors. _On oublie plus tôt les —s que les injures_; services are sooner forgotten than injuries. _Un — n’est jamais perdu_; a kindness is never thrown away. =bienfait-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, benefactor, benefactress, patron. =bien-fonds=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) landed property. =bienheureu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, happy, fortunate, blest, blissful; blessed. =biennal=, =-e= (bi-èn-nal), _adj._, biennial. =bien que=, _conj._, though, although. _Bien qu’il le sache, il n’en parle pas_; although he knows it, he says nothing about it. _Si —_; so that. =bienséance=, _n.f._, decency, decorum, propriety, seemliness; conveniency; manners. _Garder la —_, _les —s_; to observe decorum. =bienséant=, =-e=, _adj._, decent, becoming, fitting, seemly, beseeming, decorous, fit. ☉=bien-tenant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (jur.) person in possession. =bientôt=, _adv._, soon, ere long, shortly. _À —!_ good-bye for the present. *=bienveillance=, _n.f._, benevolence, good-will, protection, favor, friendliness, kindness. _Gagner la — de quelqu’un_; to win any one’s good will. *=bienveillant=, =-e=, _adj._, benevolent, kind, friendly, well-wishing. =bienvenir=, _v.n._ Only used in the expression: _Se faire — de_; to ingratiate one’s self into any one’s favor. =bienvenu=, =-e= (bi-in-vnu), _adj._, welcome. _C’est un homme qui est — partout_; he is welcome everywhere. _Soyez le —_; be welcome. =bienvenue=, _n.f._, welcome; footing. _Payer sa —_; to pay one’s footing. _Souhaiter la — à_ (_quelqu’un_); to greet (any one). ☉=bienvoulu=, =-e=, _adj._, beloved, loved. =bière=, _n.f._, beer. _Petite —_; small beer. _Débit de —_; ale-house. _Ce n’est pas de la petite —_; it is no joke. =bière=, _n.f._, coffin, bier. =bièvre=, _n.m._, beaver, castor. =biez=, _n.m._ _V._ =bief=. =biffer=, _v.a._, to cancel, to strike off; to run the pen through; to blot out. =bifide=, _adj._, (bot.) bifid. =biflore=, _adj._, (bot.) biflorous. =bifolié=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) two-leaved. =bifteck=, _n.m._, beefsteak (_Châteaubriand_); rump-steak. _— d’ours_; bear-steak (_A. Dumas_). =bifurcation=, _n.f._, bifurcation. =bifurqué=, =-e=, _adj._, bifurcated, forked. _se_ =bifurquer=, _v.r._, to be forked, bifurcated. =bigame=, _adj._, guilty of bigamy. =bigame=, _n.m.f._, bigamist. =bigamie=, _n.f._, bigamy. =bigarade=, _n.f._, Seville orange. =bigaradier=, _n.m._, Seville orange-tree. =bigarré=, =-e=, _adj._, (b.s.) party-colored, motley, streaked. =bigarreau=, _n.m._, bigaroon (cherry). =bigarreautier=, _n.m._, bigarreautier, bigaroon-tree. =bigarrer=, _v.a._, to checker, to streak, to make motley, party color. =bigarrure=, _n.f._, medley, mixture. =bigéminé=, =-e=, _adj._, bigeminate. =bigle=, _adj._, (l.u.) squint-eyed. =bigler=, _v.n._, (l.u.) to squint. *=bignonie=, _n.f._, trumpet-flower. =bigorne=, _n.f._, beaked anvil, bickern. =bigorneau=, _n.m._, periwinkle. =bigot=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, bigot; devotee; hypocrite. =bigot=, =-e=, _adj._, bigoted. =bigoterie= (-trî), _n.f._, bigotry. _Donner dans la —_; to turn bigot. =bigotisme=, _n.m._, bigotry. =bigoudis=, _n.m._, curling pin, roller. =bigourneau=. _V._ =bigorneau=. =bigue= (big-) _n.f._, (nav.) sheers. =bihoreau=, _n.m._, night heron. =bijon=, _n.m._, (l.u.). _V._ =térébenthine=. =bijou=, _n.m._, jewel, trinket. _Cet enfant est son —_; that child is his darling. _Venez, mon —_; come, darling. =bijouterie= (-trî), _n.f._, jewelry. =bijouti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, jeweler. =bijugué=, =-e=, (-ghé), _adj._, bijugous. =bilabié=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) bilabiate. =bilan=, _n.m._, (com.) balance-sheet; schedule. _Déposer son —_; to stop payment; to become bankrupt. =bilatéral=, =-e=, _adj._, bilateral; (jur.) reciprocal. =bilboquet=, _n.m._, cup and ball; curling-pipe. _C’est un véritable —_; he is a giddy-headed fellow. =bile=, _n.f._, bile; gall, anger, spleen. _Echauffer la — à quelqu’un_; to provoke any one’s anger. _Décharger sa —_; to vent one’s anger. _Ne pas se faire de —_; to take things easily. =biliaire=, _adj._, (med.) biliary. =bilieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, bilious; choleric, passionate, angry. _Au teint —_; bilious looking. =bilingue=, _adj._, double-tongued, bilingual. =bill=, _n.m._, (_—s_) bill (projet de loi). *=billard=, _n.m._, billiards; billiard-table; billiard-room. *=billarder=, _v.n._, to strike a ball twice; to strike the two balls together. *=bille=, _n.f._, billiard-ball; marble taw (to play with); a log, balk (of timber). _Faire une —_; to hole a ball. *=billebaude=, _n.f._, hurly-burly, confusion. _À la —_; in confusion, in disorder. *=billet=, _n.m._, note, letter; bill, hand-bill; ticket, label; promissory note; billet (for quartering soldiers); note of hand; circular letter. _— à vue_, _à ordre_; bill payable at sight, to order. _— payable à présentation_; bill payable on demand. _— de complaisance_; accommodation bill. _— véreux_; unsafe bill. _— échu_; bill due. _Faire les fonds d’un —_; to provide for a bill. _J’en ai fait mon —_; I gave my promissory note for it. _— de banque_; bank-note. _— à porteur_; to bearer. _— à ordre_; to order. _— doux_; love-letter. _— d’entrée_; entrance-ticket. _— blanc_; a blank. _— de logement_; billet. _— d’aller_; single ticket. _— d’aller et retour_; return ticket. *=billeté=, =-e=, _adj._, ticketed; labeled; (her.) billeted. =billeter=, _v.a._, to ticket, to label; to billet. *=billette=, _n.f._, notice to pay toll; (her.) billet. *=billevesée=, _n.f._, idle story, foolish trash, crochet, stuff, nonsense. =billion=, _n.m._, one thousand millions. *=billon=, _n.m._, base coin; place where base coin is received (to be melted); (agri.) ridge. _Monnaie de —_; copper money. *=billonnage=, _n.m._, dealing in base coin; (of land) ridging. ☉*=billonnement= (bi-io-n-mān), _n.m._, debasing coin. ☉*=billonner=, _v.a._, to debase coin, to circulate debased coin; (agri.) to ridge. ☉*=billonneur=, _n.m._, debaser, utterer of debased coin. *=billot=, _n.m._, block, log; clog (for animals). =bilobé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) bilobate. =biloculaire=, _adj._, (bot.) bilocular. =bimane=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (zoöl.) bimanous. =bimbelot= (bim-blo), _n.m._, plaything, toy. =bimbeloterie= (bim-blo-trî), _n.f._, playthings, toy trade. =bimbelotier= (bim-blo-), _n.m._, toyman. =binage=, _n.m._, plowing, second dressing; saying mass twice in a day. =binaire=, _adj._, binary. =binard=, _n.m._, wagon, trolley, truck. =biné=, =-e=, _adj._, binated. =biner=, _v.a._ and _v.n._, (agri.) to dig again, to dress a second time; to say two masses in a day. =binet=, _n.m._, save-all. _Faire —_; to be miserly. =binette=, _n.f._, hoe; face, phiz. _Quelle —!_ what a face, to be sure! =binocle=, _n.m._, double eye-glass; binocle. =binoculaire=, _adj._, binocular. =binôme=, _n.m._, (alg.) binomial. =biographe=, _n.m._, biographer. =biographie=, _n.f._, biography. =biographique=, _adj._, biographical. =biologie=, _n.f._, biology. =biologique=, _adj._, biological. =bipédal=, =-e=, _adj._, bipedal. =bipède=, _n.m._, biped. _— antérieur_; (man.) fore limbs of a horse. _— postérieur_; hind limbs. =bipède=, _adj._, two-legged, bipedal. =bipenne=, _n.f._, two-edged ax. =biquadratique= (-koua-), _adj._, (alg.) biquadratic. =bique=, _n.f._, she-goat; pony, nag; jade. =biquet=, _n.m._, kid; assay scales. =birème=, _n.f._, bireme. =biribi=, _n.m._, biribi (a game of chance); back lining (of a shoe); punishment regiment in Algeria. =birloir=, _n.m._, window-catch holder. =bis= (bi), =-e=, _adj._, brown; tawny, swarthy. _Du pain —_; brown bread. _À — à blanc_; anyhow. =bis= (bîss), _int._, twice; encore. _Crier —_; to encore. =bisaïeul=, _n.m._, great-grandfather. =bisaïeule=, _n.f._, great-grandmother. =bisaille=, _n.f._, whole meal; field pea. =bisannuel=, =-le=, _adj._, (bot.) biennial. *=bisbille=, _n.f._, quarrel, bickering, jangling. =biscaïen=, (i-in), _n.m._, ☉long-barreled musket; grapeshot ball. =biscaïen=, =-ne=, _adj._, ☉long-barreled (of guns). =bischof= _or_ =bishof=, _n.m._, bishop (liquor). =biscornu=, =-e=, _adj._, outlandish, odd, queer. =biscotin=, _n.m._, sweet biscuit. =biscuit=, _n.m._, biscuit, sea-bread; hard kind of brick; semi-vitrified porcelain. _S’embarquer sans —_; to embark on an enterprise unprepared. _— à la cuiller_; Savoy biscuit. =bise=, _n.f._, north wind, cold wind; blast. =biseau=, _n.m._, (cook.) kissing-crust; beveling; basil; (carp.) feather edge; (print.) side-stick. =biseauter=, _v.a._, to bevel; to cheat in gambling. _Cartes biseautées_; corner-bent cards. =biser=, _v.n._, to blacken, to get brown (of seeds). =biser=, _v.a._, (dye.) to dye a stuff over again. =biset=, _n.m._, rock-dove or pigeon; coarse gray cloth; national guard on duty in private clothes. =bisette=, _n.f._, footing lace; (orni.) sea-duck. =bismuth=, _n.m._, bismuth, tin-glass. =bison=, _n.m._, (mam.) bison. =bisonne=, _n.f._, gray cloth used for lining. =bisquain=, _n.m._, sheep’s skin with the wool on. =bisque=, _n.f._, (cook.) bisk soup, cullis; odds (at tennis). _Avoir quinze et — sur la partie_; to have the odds in one’s favor. =bisquer=, _v.n._, (fam.) to be vexed, to be riled. _Faire —_; to vex, plague, rile. =bissac=, _n.m._, wallet; (fig.) beggary. =bissection=, _n.f._, (geom.) bisection. =bisser=, _v.a._, to encore. =bissexe=, _adj._, bisexous, bisexual. =bissexte=, _n.m._, bissextile. =bissextil=, =-e=, _adj._, bissextile. _Année —e_; leap-year. =bissexuel=, =-le=, _adj._, (bot.) bisexous, bisexual. =bissus= (-sus), _n.m._ _V._ =byssus=. ☉=bistoquet=, _n.m._, billiard-mace. =bistorte=, _n.f._, (bot.) bistort, snake-weed. =bistouri=, _n.m._, (surg.) bistoury, knife. =bistourné=, =-e=, _adj._, twisted, crooked. =bistourner=, _v.a._, to twist. =bistre=, _n.m._, (paint.) bister. =bistré=, =-e=, _adj._, color of bister; swarthy, dusky, tawny. _Teint —_; swarthy complexion. =bistreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, of bister. =biterné=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) biternate. =bitord=, =bitors=, _n.m._, (nav.) twine, spun-yarn. =bitte=, _n.f._, (nav.) bitt. =bitter=, _v.a._, (nav.) to bitt (a cable). =bitton=, _n.m._, (nav.) timber-head. =bitume=, _n.m._, bitumen. =bituminer=, _v.a._, to bituminate. =bitumineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, bituminous. =bivalve=, _adj._, bivalvular. =bivalve=, _n.m._, bivalve. =bivouac= _or_ =bivac=, _n.m._, bivouac. =bivouaquer= _or_ =bivaquer=, _v.n._, to bivouac. =bizarre=, _adj._, odd, fantastical, singular, strange, whimsical, extravagant, out of the way. =bizarre=, _n.m._ _V._ =bizarrerie=. =bizarrement=, _adv._, oddly, fantastically, whimsically, queerly, strangely. =bizarrerie= (-rar-rî), _n.f._, caprice, extravagance, whim, singularity, oddness. =blafard=, =-e=, _adj._, dim, dull, wan, lurid. _Lumière —e_; dim, lurid light. =blague= (blag), _n.f._, tobacco-pouch; (pop.) fudge, humbug; hoax. _La bonne —!_ what a joke! =blaguer= (-ghé), _v.a._ and _n._, (pop.) to hoax, to humbug; to draw the long bow. =blagueur= (-gheur), _n.m._, (pop.) hoaxer, humbug. =blaireau=, _n.m._, badger, shaving-brush. =blâmable=, _adj._, blamable, faulty, culpable. =blâme=, _n.m._, blame, reproach, obloquy, disapprobation, reprehension. _Action digne de —_; blameable action. _Déverser le — sur_; to cast the blame on. _Eviter le —_; to avoid being blamed. _Donner le — à quelqu’un_; to blame any one. _Rejeter le — sur_; to throw the blame on. _Tout le — en tombe sur lui_; all the blame falls upon him. =blâmer=, _v.a._, to blame, to censure, to disapprove, to find fault with. _On ne saurait le —_; he cannot be blamed. =blanc=, =-he= (blan, blansh), _adj._, white; clean; hoar, hoary; (print.) open (of type); blank (of verses). _— comme neige_; as white as snow. _Gelée —he_; hoar frost. _Vers —s_; blank verse. _C’est bonnet —, et — bonnet_; it is six of one and half a dozen of the other. _Rouge soir et — matin, c’est la journée du pèlerin_; evening red and morning gray sets the traveler on his way. _Du linge —_; clean linen. _Passer une nuit —che_; to have a sleepless night. =blanc=, _n.m._, white, blank. _—-seing_; blank signature. _Le — de l’œil_; the white of the eye. _— d’Espagne_; whiting. _— de baleine_; spermaceti. _— de céruse_; ceruse. _— de plomb_; white lead. _— de chaux_; whitewash. _— de volaille_; breast of a fowl. _De but en —_; bluntly. _Dire tantôt —, tantôt noir_; to say first one thing, then another. _Se manger le — des yeux_; to look daggers at one another. _Ligne de —_; (print.) white line. _Tirage en —_; (print.) working the white paper. _Tirer en —_; (print.) to work the white paper. _En —_; left blank. _Le —_; the target. =blanc-bec=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) beardless youth, youngster; (b.s.) greenhorn. *=blanchaille=, _n.f._, fry, small fish, white-bait. =blanchâtre=, _adj._, whitish, somewhat white. =blanche=, _n.f._, minim (in music). =blanchement= (blansh-mān), _adv._, (l.u.) cleanly, neatly. =blancher=, _n.m._, tanner (of small skins). =blancherie=, _n.f._ _V._ =blanchisserie=. =blanchet=, _n.m._, strainer; (print.) blanket. =blancheur=, _n.f._, whiteness; hoariness, cleanliness; light; purity, innocence, virtue. =blanchiment=, _n.m._, bleaching, blanching, washing. _Le — de l’argent_; the washing of silver. _Mettre des chandelles au —_; to bleach candles. =blanchir=, _v.a._, to whiten, to make white; to whitewash; to wash, to bleach, to make clean; to blanch; to boil off, to scald (fruits, greens); (print.) to white over; to plane, to rough down. _— un plafond_; to whitewash a ceiling. _— des toiles_; to bleach linen. _— les flans_; (coin.) to blanch planchets. _— du linge_; to wash linen. _On me blanchit_; they find me in washing. _On blanchit aujourd’hui chez nous_; this is washing-day with us. _— un ais_; to plane a board. _— à neuf_; to clear-starch. =blanchir=, _v.n._, to whiten, to grow white, to foam. _Il commence à —_; he is getting gray. _Tête de fou ne blanchit jamais_; a fool’s head is never gray. _se_ =blanchir=, _v.r._, to whiten, to wash. =blanchissage=, _n.m._, washing. _— de fin_ or _à neuf_; clear-starching. =blanchissant=, =-e=, _adj._, that whitens, grows white, foaming. =blanchisserie= (-shis-rî), _n.f._, bleaching-house, laundry. =blanchisseur=, _n.m._, washerman, bleacher. =blanchisseuse=, _n.f._, washerwoman, laundress. _— de fin_; clear-starcher. =blanc-manger=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (cook.) blancmange. =blanc-seing=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) signature in blank. =blanque=, _n.f._, lottery, lucky bag (of articles). =blanquette=, _n.f._, blanket (pear); blanquette (wine); ragoût with white sauce; (bot.) corn-salad; (ich.) white-bait. _V._ =blanchaille=. =blaque=, _n.f._ _V._ =blague=. =blaser=, _v.a._, to blunt, to pall; to cloy, to sicken, to surfeit. _Il est blasé sur les plaisirs_; he has lost all sense of enjoyment. _Il est blasé sur tout_; he is sick of everything. _se_ =blaser=, _v.r._, to be palled, surfeited, used up. =blason=, _n.m._, heraldry, blazon, blazonry; coat of arms. =blasonner=, _v.a._, to blazon; (fam.) to criticize, to traduce, to blacken. =blasphémat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, blasphemer. =blasphématoire=, _adj._, blasphemous. =blasphème=, _n.m._, blasphemy. =blasphémer=, _v.a._, to blaspheme. =blasphémer=, _v.n._, to blaspheme, to curse. =blatier=, _n.m._, corn-chandler, dealer in corn. =blatte=, _n.f._, (ent.) mill-moth. _— d’Amérique_; cockroach. _V._ =cafard=. =blaude=, _n.f._ _V._ =blouse=. =blé=, _n.m._, wheat, corn; grain. _—-froment_; wheat. _—-seigle_; rye. _Grands —s_; wheat and rye. _Petits —s_; oats, barley. _— méteil_; wheat and rye. _— de Turquie_; Indian corn. _— noir_, _— sarrasin_; buckwheat. _— barbu_; stiff wheat. _Du — en herbe_; corn in the blade. _Serrer du —_; to house corn. _Manger son — en herbe_; to spend one’s money before one has it. _Facteur en —_; corn-factor. _Halle au —_; corn exchange. =bleime=, _n.f._, (vet.) bleyme. =blême=, _adj._, sallow, pale, ghastly, wan. =blêmir=, _v.n._, to turn or grow pale. =blende=, _n.f._, (min.) mock ore; blende. =blennie= (blè-nî), _n.f._, (ich.) blenny. =blennorrhée= (blèn-no-rée), _n.f._, blennorrhœa, gleet. =blèsement=, _n.m._, lisping. =bléser=, _v.n._, to lisp. =blessant=, =-e=, _adj._, offensive, shocking. =blessé=, =-e=, _part._, wounded, hurt, diseased. =blesser=, _v.a._, to wound, to cut, to hurt, to pinch, to offend, to injure, to grate, to fret, to wring, to shock, to gall. _Cela me blesse_; that hurts me. _Mes souliers me blessent_; my shoes pinch me. _Cette phrase blesse l’oreille_; that sentence grates upon the ear. _— la vue_; to offend the eye. _— les oreilles chastes_; to offend chaste ears. _— l’honneur de quelqu’un_; to wound any one’s honor. _— les convenances_; to offend against propriety. _se_ =blesser=, _v.r._, to hurt or cut one’s self; to take offense. =blessure=, _n.f._, wound, cut, hurt. _Les —s faites à l’honneur_; the wounds inflicted upon one’s honor. _Gratification pour —_; (milit.) smart-money. _Coups et —s_; aggravated assault. =blet=, =-te=, _adj._, (fruit) soft, sleepy. _Poire blette_; sleepy pear. =blète= _or_ =blette=, _n.f._, (bot.) blite, strawberry-spinach; kind of amaranth, flower-gentle. =bleu=, =-e=, _adj._, (_—s_) blue. _Avoir les yeux —s_; to be blue-eyed. _Cordon —_; first-rate cook. _Conte —_; tale of a tub, fairy tale. _Il m’a battu tout —_; he has beaten me black and blue. =bleu=, _n.m._, (_—s_) blue, blueness. _— de Prusse_; Prussian blue. _— d’azur_; smalt. _— de cobalt_; cobalt blue. _— de ciel_; sky blue. _Petit —_; bad, sourish wine. =bleuâtre=, _adj._, bluish, somewhat blue. =bleuet=, _n.m._ _V._ =bluet=. =bleuette=, _n.f._ _V._ =bluette=. =bleuir=, _v.a._, to make blue, to blue. =blindage=, _n.m._, sheeting, iron-plating, armor-plating; (milit.) poling. =blinder=, _v.a._, to sheet, to plate; (milit.) to cover with blinds. =blindes=, _n.f.pl._, (fort.) blinds. =bloc=, _n.m._, lump, bulk, mass; block, log; stocks. _Acheter en —_; to buy in a lump. =blocage=, _n.m._, rubble. =blocage=, _n.m._, (print.) turned letter, turning. *=blocaille=, _n.f._, (mas.) rubble-stone; pebble-work. =blockhaus= (blok-hôs), _n.m._, (_—_) blockhouse. =blocus=, _n.m._, (_—_) (milit.) investment; (nav.) blockade. _Lever le —_; to raise the blockade. =blond=, =-e=, _adj._, flaxen, fair, light. _Des cheveux —s_; light hair. _Un homme —_; a fair man. _Il est délicat et —_; he is a dainty spark, difficult to please. =blond=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, fair, light color; fair person. _— ardent_; sandy color. _— cendré_; light yellow. _— doré_; golden. _Courtiser la brune et la —e_; to make love to a number of women. =blonde=, _n.f._, blond, blond-lace. =blondier=, _n.m._, blonde-lace maker. =blondin=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, a fair-complexioned person; spark. _Un beau —_; a fine young spark. =blondir=, _v.n._, to grow light or fair. =blondissant=, =-e=, _adj._, yellowish, golden. =bloqué=, _n.m._, ball holed (at billiards). =bloquer=, _v.a._, to blockade; to block up, to fill up (cavities in walls with mortar); (print.) to turn; to hole a ball (billiards). _se_ =blottir=, _v.r._, to squat, to cower, to crouch, to lie close to the ground. =blouse=, _n.f._, pocket (of a billiard-table); smock-frock; blouse; pinafore. =blouser=, _v.a._, to hole (at billiards); to cheat. _Il m’a blousé_; he has cheated me. _se_ =blouser=, _v.r._, to hole one’s own ball; to blunder; to be in the wrong box. =bluet=, _n.m._, (bot.) bluebottle, corn-flower; (orni.) bluebird, kingfisher. =bluette=, _n.f._, spark, flash, flake of fire; (lit.) literary trifle; smart production. =blutage=, _n.m._, bolting, sifting (of flour). =bluteau= _or_ =blutoir=, _n.m._, bolter, bolting-mill. =bluter=, _v.a._, to bolt, to sift (meal). =bluterie= (-trî), _n.f._, bolting-room. =boa=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (erpetology) boa; fur tippet. =bobêche=, _n.f._, sconce; socket (of a candle-stick). =bobine=, _n.f._, bobbin; spool, reel. =bobiner=, _v.a._, to wind on a bobbin, to spool. =bobineuse=, _n.f._, winder. =bobo=, _n.m._, hurt, sore. _Avoir —_; to have a slight ailment. =bocage=, _n.m._, grove, coppice. =bocag-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, of groves, shady. =bocal=, _n.m._, short-necked bottle; glass bowl; large phial; carboy mouthpiece. =bocard=, _n.m._, (metal.) stamper, crushing-mill. =bocardage=, _n.m._, (metal.) crushing, pounding, stamping. =bocarder=, _v.a._, (metal.) to stamp, to pound. =bock=, _n.m._, glass of beer. =bodruche=. _V._ =baudruche=. =bœuf=, _n.m._, ox, bull; beef. _Troupeau de —s_; drove of oxen. _Accoupler_, _découpler_, _les —s_; to yoke, to unyoke, oxen. _Du — à la mode_; a-la-mode beef. _Un —_; a dull-pated, heavy fellow. _Mettre la charrue devant les —s_; to put the cart before the horse. _Le — gras_; the fatted ox, prize ox. =bœufs= (beû), _n.m.pl._, oxen. =boghei= (-gay), _n.m._, (_—s_) light gig, buggy. =bogue= (bog), _n.f._, chestnut-bur. =bohé= _or_ =bohea=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, bohea tea. =bohème=, _n.m.f._, =bohémien=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, gipsy, bohemian, tramp. =boïard=, _n.m._ _V._ =boyard=. =boire= (buvant, bu), _v.a._, to drink, to imbibe; to absorb. _— un affront_; to pocket an affront. _— le calice jusqu’à la lie_; to drain the cup to the dregs. _Qui fait la folie, la boit_; as you brew, so you must drink. =boire=, _v.n._, to drink, to tipple; to blot, to be puckered (of needlework). _— à la ronde_; glasses round. _— à la santé de quelqu’un_; to drink any one’s health. _C’est un homme qui boit_; he is a drunkard. _— à longs traits_; to drink long draughts. _— sec_; to drink hard, neat. _— comme un trou_; to drink like a fish. _A —_; some drink. _Ce papier boit_; this paper blots. _Qui a bu, boira_; habit is second nature. _Le vin est tiré, il faut le —_; in for a penny, in for a pound. =boire=, _n.m._, drink, drinking. _Le — et le manger_; eating and drinking. _Elle lui apprête son — et son manger_; she prepares his meals for him. =bois=, _n.m._, wood, forest; timber; horns (of a deer, &c.); cross (of Christ); bedstead; stock (of a gun); staff (of a lance). _Un — de haute futaie_; a wood of lofty trees. _Un — taillis_; a copse. _— mort sur pied_; dead wood. _Mort-—_; wood of little value, such as hawthorn, bramble, &c. _La lisière d’un —_; the skirt, edge of a wood. _La faim chasse le loup du —_; hunger will break through stone walls. _— puant_; beau trefoil. _— de rose_; tulipwood. _— de gaiac_; lignum vitæ. _— de Sainte-Lucie_; Mahaleb. _— de palissandre_; violet ebony. _— sur pied_; standing wood. _— d’équarrissage_; square timber. _— en grume_; round timber. _Le fil du —_; the grain of the wood. _— de sciage_; sawn timber. _— de refend_; cleft timber. _— chablis_; wind-fallen wood. _— de charpente_; timber, straight timber. _— de charronnage_; wheel-wrights’ timber. _— de construction pour la marine_; ship timber. _— de chauffage_; firewood. _— flotté_; floated wood. _— d’araignée_; crow-foot. _Faire du —_; to get wood. _Une voie de —_; load of wood. _Un train de —_; a float of wood. _Il ne sait plus de quel — faire flèche_; he does not know which way to turn, what to be at. _Je sais de quel — il se chauffe_; I know what metal he is made of. _Il est du — dont on fait les flûtes_; he will chime in with anything. _Trouver visage de —_; to find no one at home. _Un — de lit_; a bedstead. _Le — tortu fait le feu droit_; the end justifies the means. =boisage=, _n.m._, wood-work. =boisé=, =-e=, _adj._, woody, abounding with wood, wooded. _Chambre —e_; wainscoted room. =boisement=, _n.m._, planting land with trees, timbering, afforestation. =boiser=, _v.a._, to put woodwork to; to timber. =boiserie= (boaz-rî), _n.f._, wainscot, wainscoting. =boiseu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, woody, ligneous. =boisseau=, _n.m._, bushel. =boisselée= (boas-lée), _n.f._, a bushelful. =boisselier=, _n.m._, cooper, bushel-maker. =boissellerie= (boa-sèl-rî), _n.f._, cooperage, bushel-making. =boisson=, _n.f._, drink, beverage, drinking, drunkenness. _Être adonné à la —_; to be addicted to drinking. _Être pris de —_; to be intoxicated. =boîte=, _n.f._, ripeness, maturity of wine. _En —_; matured. =boîte=, _n.f._, box; case (of a watch, a rudder). _— de montre_; watch-case. _— à poudre_; powder-box. _— à savon_; soap-tray. _— à thé_; tea-caddy. _— aux lettres_; letter-box. =boite=, _n.f._, foot-soreness (of cattle). =boitement= (boat-mān), _n.m._, halting, limping. =boiter=, _v.n._, to be lame, to walk lame, to limp, to halt, to hobble. _— d’un pied_; to walk lame of one foot. _En boitant_; limpingly. =boiterie= (boa-trî), _n.f._, (vet.) halting. =boiteu-x=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, lame person; lame, halt, hobbling; limping. _Le Diable —_; the Devil on two sticks. _Attendre le —_; to bide one’s time. _Il ne faut pas clocher devant les —_; you must not remind people of their infirmities. =boîtier=, _n.m._, surgeon’s case of instruments. =bol=, _n.m._, a large pill, bolus; (min.) bole; bowl, basin, finger-glass. =bolaire=, _adj._, (min.) bolary. =bolet=, _n.m._, (bot.) boletus. =bolide=, _n.m._, (astron.) bolis, fire-ball. =bolus=, _n.m._ _V._ =bol=. =bombance=, _n.f._, feasting, junketing. _Faire —_; to feast. =bombarde=, _n.f._, bomb-ketch, bomb-vessel; (mus.) organ-stop. =bombardement=, _n.m._, bombardment. =bombarder=, _v.a._, to bombard. =bombardier=, _n.m._, bombardier. ☉=bombasin=, _n.m._, bombazine. =bombe=, _n.f._, bomb-shell, ball. _La — a crevé en l’air_; the bomb has burst in the air. _Voûte à l’épreuve de la —_; bomb-proof vault. _Gare la —!_ look out for squalls! =bombé=, =-e=, _adj._, arched; barreled; convex. =bombement= (-mān), _n.m._, swelling, bulging out, convexity. =bomber=, _v.a._, to cause anything to bulge, to jut, to swell out, to arch, to curve, to barrel (of roads). =bomber=, _v.n._, to bulge, to jut out. =bomberie= (bon-brî), _n.f._, shell-foundry, bomb-foundry. =bombeur=, _n.m._, maker of convex glasses. =bombonne=, _n.f._, big can, drum. =bombyx=, _n.m._, (ent.) bombyx, silkworm. =bomerie= (bôm-rî), _n.f._, (com.) bottomry. =bon=, =-ne=, _adj._, good, kind; favorable; fine, convenient, advantageous, profitable, proper; safe, solvent; full; silly, foolish; wholesome; easy, good-natured. _—!_ good! _C’est —_; all right, very good. _Cela ne présage rien de —_; that bodes no good. _En — état_; sound. _—ne foi_; plain dealing, uprightness. _— sens_; sensibleness. _Faire —ne chère_; to live well. _À — appétit il ne faut point de sauce_; a good appetite needs no sauce. _Une —ne fois_; once for all. _Vous êtes trop —_; you are too kind. _C’est une —ne personne_; she is a good creature. _— à prendre_; worth taking. _— à boire_; good to drink. _À quoi — tant de peines?_ what is the use of so much trouble? _—ne nourriture_; wholesome food. _Voilà ce qu’il y a de —_; that’s one comfort. _Prendre quelque chose en —ne part_; to take a thing well. _Les — comptes font les — amis_; short reckonings make long friends. _Tout lui est —_; all is fish that comes to his net. _C’est une —ne tête_; he has a good head-piece. _À — jour, —ne œuvre_; the better the day, the better the deed. _De —ne heure_; early. _Il est encore de —ne heure_; it is still early. _À la —ne heure!_ good! well done! that’s something like. _Se donner du — temps_; to divert one’s self. _Trouver —_; to approve, to like. _Sentir —_; to have a good smell. _Tenir —_; to hold out. _Il ne fait pas — avoir affaire à lui_; it is dangerous to meddle with him. _La lui garder —ne_; to owe any one a grudge. _Être homme à —nes fortunes_; to be a lady-killer. _Il y va de —ne foi_; he plays fair and square. _Si — vous semble_; if you think proper. _Vous êtes — vous!_ I like you! _De — cœur_; heartily. _De —ne foi_; sincerely. _La faire courte et —ne_; to have a short but merry life. _Que vous êtes —!_ how silly you are! _Tout de —_; in earnest. _À quelque chose malheur est —_; it’s an ill wind that blows good to no one. _Faire —ne mine à mauvais jeu_; to put a good face upon matters. _À — vin, point d’enseigne_; good wine needs no bush. _Une —ne fuite vaut mieux qu’une mauvaise attente_; discretion is the better part of valor. =bon=, _n.m._, good quality, what is good in a thing; the best, the fun of a thing; voucher, check, bond. _Il a cela de — qu’il ne ment jamais_; he has this good quality, that he never tells a lie. _Le — de l’histoire_; the cream of the story. =bon=, _int._, well, good, right. =bonace=, _n.f._, (nav.) calm, smooth sea; lull. =bonasse=, _adj._, simple, foolish; silly, credulous; soft, complying. =bonbon=, _n.m._, bonbon, sweetmeat, comfit. =bonbonnière=, _n.f._, sweetmeat box; snug little house. =bon-chrétien= (-kré-), _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) Bartlett pear. =bond=, _n.m._, bound, skip, gambol; caper, leap, jump. _Faire un —_; to make a bound. _Second —_; rebound. _Prendre la balle au —_; to catch the ball at the bound; to seize time by the forelock. _Il m’a fait faux —_; he has given me the slip. _Il s’élança d’un — par-dessus la muraille_; he cleared the wall at a bound. _Par sauts et par —s_; by leaps and bounds. _Il ne va que par sauts et par —s_; he only works by fits and starts. _Tant de — que de volée_; anyhow, _or_ by hook or by crook. =bondé=, =-e=, _adj._, quite full, full to the bung. =bonde=, _n.f._, sluice; bung, bung-hole. =bonder=, _v.a._, (nav.) to lade full, to fill. =bondir=, _v.n._, to bounce, to bound, to rebound; to caper, to skip, to frisk. _Il bondissait de rage_; he bounded with rage. _Cela fait — le cœur_; that makes one’s heart leap. =bondissant=, =-e=, _adj._, bounding, skipping, frisking. =bondissement= (-mān), _n.m._, bouncing, bounding, skipping, frisking. =bondon=, _n.m._, bung; bunghole. =bondonner=, _v.a._, to bung, to stop with a bung, to close up. =bondonnière=, _n.f._, bung-borer (tool). =bonduc=, _n.m._, (bot.) nickar-tree. =bon-henri=, _n.m._, (_—_) (bot.) all-good, English mercury. =bonheur= (bo-neur), _n.m._, happiness, prosperity, felicity, welfare, blessing, good fortune, good luck, chance, happy thing. _Envier le — d’autrui_; to envy another’s prosperity. _Le — de l’Etat_; the welfare of the state. _Faire le — de quelqu’un_; to delight any one. _Avoir du —_; to be lucky. _Être en —_; to be fortunate. _Par —_; luckily. _Porter —_; to bring good luck. _Jouer de —_; to be lucky, in luck’s way. _Au petit —_; happen what may, I will chance it. =bonhomie= (bo-no-mi), _n.f._, good nature, easy humor, simplicity, credulity. =bonhomme= (bo-nom), _n.m._, (bonshommes) simple, good-natured man; old codger. _Vieux —_; old fellow, old buffer, fogy. _Petit —_; little fellow. ☉=bonhommeau=, _n.m._ _V._ =bonhomme=. =boni=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (fin.) bonus. =boniface=, _adj._, simple, artless. =bonification=, _n.f._, amelioration, improvement; (com.) allowance. =bonifier=, _v.a._, to better, to improve, to ameliorate; to make up, to make good. =boniment=, _n.m._, quack’s show, puff; humbug, clap-trap speech. =bonisseur=, _n.m._, showman’s puffer; speech. =bonjour=, _n.m._, good morning, good day, compliments. _Je vous souhaite le —_; I wish you good morning. =bonne=, _n.f._, nursery-maid; lady’s-maid; good friend; fine story. _— à_, or _pour_, _tout faire_; maid of all work. =bonneau=, _n.m._, (nav.) buoy of an anchor. =bonne-dame=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_). _V._ =arroche=. =bonnement= (bo-n-mān), _adv._, plainly, simply, honestly, truly, merely. =bonnet=, _n.m._, cap. _— de laine_; woolen cap. _— de nuit_; night-cap. _Gros —_; big wig, person of importance. _Opiner du —_; to adopt the opinion of another; to vote blindly. _Triste comme un — de nuit_; as dull as ditch water. _Jeter son — par-dessus les moulins_; to throw off all restraint; to be reckless. _Avoir la tête près du —_; to be hot-headed. _Ce sont deux têtes dans un —_; they are hand and glove together. _C’est — blanc et blanc —_; it is six of one and half a dozen of the other. _Prendre sous son —_; to invent, make up a tale. _Y jeter son —_; to give it up. =bonnetade=, _n.f._, capping, half-capping (jest). ☉=bonneter=, _v.a._, to cap, to doff one’s hat (jest); to cringe. =bonneterie= (bo-n-trî), _n.f._, hosiery business. =bonneteur=, _n.m._, (l.u.) cringer, card-sharper. =bonnetier= (bo-n-tié), _n.m._, hosier. =bonnette=, _n.f._, (fort.) bonnet; (nav.) studding sail; (of a telescope or camera) cap. =bonsoir=, _n.m._, good evening, good night; not if I know it. _— et bonne nuit!_ a good night’s rest to you! =bonté=, _n.f._, goodness, excellence, kindness, attention, good-heartedness, favor. _Abuser de la — de quelqu’un_; to take advantage of any one’s goodness. _Avoir la — de_; to be so good as to. =bonze=, _n.m._, bonze (Buddhist priest). ☉*=boquillon=, _n.m._, woodman, feller of wood. =boracique=, _adj._ _V._ =borique=. =borax= (-raks), _n.m._, borax. =borborygme=, _n.m._, (med.) borborygm, rumbling. =bord=, _n.m._, shore; bank, strand, side, margin; brink, edge, brim, skirt; rim, border, extremity; hem, edging, lace; (nav.) board; (nav.) broadside; (nav.) tack. _Le — de la mer_; the seashore. _Le — d’une rivière_; the bank of a river. _Le — d’un précipice_; the brink of a precipice. _Le — d’une table_; the edge of a table. _Le — d’un chapeau_; the rim of a hat. _Le — d’un bateau_; the side of a boat. _Le — d’une robe_; the skirt of a gown. _J’ai son nom sur le — des lèvres_; I have his name on the tip of my tongue. _À pleins —s_; full to the brim. _J’allai à son —_; I went aboard his ship. _Coucher à —_; to sleep on board ship. _Tourner_, _changer_, _virer_, _de —_; to tack about, to veer. _Courir même — que l’ennemi_; to stand on the same tack with the enemy. _— au large_; standing off shore. _— à terre_; standing in shore. _— à —_; alongside. =bordage=, _n.m._, (nav.) planking, plank, poling, bulwarks. =bordé=, _n.m._, hem, edging, bordering. =bordeaux=, _n.m._, claret, Bordeaux wine. =bordée=, _n.f._, (nav.) broadside; volley; salvo; stretch, tack. _Lâcher_, or _tirer_, _une —_; to fire a broadside. _Une — d’injures_; a shower of abuse. _Courir des —s_; to tack about. =bordel=, _n.m._, (l.ex.) brothel. =bordelais=, =-e=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, of Bordeaux. =bordement=, _n.m._, edge. =border=, _v.a._, to edge, to hem, to skirt, to bind, to lace, to border; (nav.) to gather (the sheets); to plank; to lay (a deck); to tuck up (bed-clothes); to line (a road). _Les soldats bordent la côte_; soldiers line the coast. _— les côtés d’un vaisseau_; to plank a ship. _— les ponts_; to lay a ship’s decks. _— une écoute_; to tally a sheet. _Borde au vent!_ haul aft the sheets. =bordereau=, _n.m._, (com.) account, memorandum, note. =bordi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, (nav.) lop-sided. =bordier=, _n.m._, lop-sided ship. =bordigue= (-dig), _n.f._, crawl (for taking fish). =bordure=, _n.f._, frame, edge, edging; border, curb; rim; (nav.) foot. =bore=, _n.m._, (chem.) boron. =boréal=, =-e=, _adj._, boreal, northern. =borée=, _n.m._, Boreas, North-wind. *=borgne=, _n._ and _adj._, one-eyed person; blind of one eye; one-eyed; dark, obscure, paltry. _Changer son cheval — contre un aveugle_; to change for the worse. _Au royaume des aveugles les —s sont rois_; among the blind, the one-eyed is king. *=borgnesse=, _n.f._, (pop.) one-eyed woman. =borique=, _adj._, (chem.) boracic. =bornage=, _n.m._, settling bounds, fixing limits. =borne=, _n.f._, landmark; boundary, limit, confine; bounds; mile-stone, spur-post. _Mettre des —s à son ambition_; to set bounds to one’s ambition. _Cela passe toutes les —s_; that is going beyond all bounds. _Être planté là comme une —_; to stand there like a post. =borné=, =-e=, _part._, bounded, limited, confined; narrow, mean, small; shallow. _Esprit fort —_; narrow mind. =borne-fontaine=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) water-post. =borner=, _v.a._, to set landmarks; to bound, to set bounds to, to limit, to circumscribe, to restrict, to terminate, to confine. _— son ambition_; to set bounds to one’s ambition. _se_ =borner=, _v.r._, to keep within bounds, to restrain one’s self. _Il faut se — à cela_; we must be content with that, or not go beyond that. =bornous= (-noos), _n.m._, _V._ =bernous=. =bornoyer=, _v.a._, to place, to set marks in, to look with one eye at. =bosan=, _n.m._, bosa (Turkish beverage). =bosel=, _n.m._, (arch.) torus. =bosphore=, _n.m._, Bosphorus. =bosquet=, _n.m._, grove, thicket. =bossage=, _n.m._, (arch.) bossage, embossment, relief. =bosse=, _n.f._, hunch, hump; bump; bruise; knob, protuberance, lump; bunch; boss; embossment; (sculp.) relievo, relief, embossment; (paint.) bust; boss (at tennis). _Ne demander que plaie et —_; to think of nothing but mischief or fighting. _Ouvrage relevé en —_; embossed piece of work. _Ouvrage de demi —_; figure in half-relief. _Donner dans la —_; to fall into the snare, to be duped, to be caught. _Travailler en —_; to emboss. =bosselage= (bos-laj), _n.m._, embossing. =bosselé=, =-e=, _adj._, bruised (metal); (bot.) bunched; embossed. =bosseler= (bos-lé), _v.a._, to dent; to emboss. =bosselure= (bos-lur), _n.f._, embossment. =bosser=, _v.a._, (nav.) to stopper. =bossette=, _n.f._, (arch., man.) boss, stud. =bossoir=, _n.m._, (nav.) cat-head; bow. =bossu=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, hunchback; hunchbacked, humpbacked, deformed, uneven, crooked, tortuous. _— par-devant_; pigeon-breasted. _Rire comme un —_; to split one’s sides with laughter. =bossuer=, _v.a._, to bruise, to dent, to batter. _se_ =bossuer=, _v.r._, to get bruised, dented. =bostangi=, _n.m._, (_—s_) soldier of the Turkish militia. =boston=, _n.m._, boston (game at cards). =bostrychite= (-kit), _n.f._, (min.) bostrychite. =bot=, _adj._, club-footed. _Pied —_; (subst.) club-foot. _C’est un pied —_; he is club-footed. =bot=, _n.m._, Dutch-boat. =botanique=, _n.f._, botany. =botanique=, _adj._, botanical. =botaniste=, _n.m._, botanist. =botargue=, _n.f._ _V._ =boutargue=. =botte=, _n.f._, boot (man’s only); Wellington boot; bunch, bundle, truss; (fenc.) pass, thrust, lunge; step of a coach; cask; clod of dirt or snow; wine vessel, butt. _—s à genouillère_; jack-boots. _—s à l’écuyère_; top-boots. _Souliers —s_; Blucher boots. _—s retroussées_, _—s à revers_; top-boots. _—s de sept lieues_; ogre’s boots. _—s fines_; dress boots. _Tirant de —_; boot-strap. _Tige de —_; boot-leg. _Tire-—_; boot-jack. _Mettre du foin dans ses —_; to feather one’s nest. _A propos de —s_; about nothing. _Graisser ses —_; to prepare for a journey, for death. _Décrotter_, _cirer_, _des —s_; to clean, to polish, boots. _Une — d’asperges_; a bundle of asparagus. _Une — de foin_; a truss of hay. _Porter une — à quelqu’un_; (fenc.) to make a pass, a lunge, at one. _Parer une —_; to parry a pass. _Il lui a porté une vilaine —_; he served him a very scurvy trick. =botté=, =-e=, _adj._, booted, with boots on. =bottelage= (bo-tlaj), _n.m._, tying up in bundles. =botteler= (bo-tlé), _v.a._, to put up in bundles. =botteleur= (bo-tleur), _n.m._, (agri.) binder, bandster. =botter=, _v.a._, to make, to supply any one with, boots; to boot anybody. _Ce bottier botte bien_, _mal_; this bootmaker makes boots well, badly. (fam.) _Cela me botte_; that suits me down to the ground. _se_ =botter=, _v.r._, to put one’s boots on; to get one’s shoes clogged with dirt; to ball (of horses); (milit.) to boot. _Cet homme se botte bien_, _mal_; this man wears well made, badly made, boots. =bottier=, _n.m._, bootmaker, shoemaker. =bottine=, _n.f._, half-boot; lady’s boot. =boubie=, _n.f._, (orni.) booby, gannet. =bouc=, _n.m._, he-goat; goat-skin; pulley. _— émissaire_; scape-goat. =boucage=, _n.m._, (bot.) burnet saxifrage. =boucan=, _n.m._, a place to smoke-dry in. =boucaner=, _v.a._, to smoke (meat, hides). =boucaner=, _v.n._, to smoke-dry; to hunt wild bulls for their hides. =boucanier=, _n.m._, buccaneer, bucanier; free-booter; buccaneer’s musket. =boucaro=, _n.m._, boucaro, red clay. =boucassin=, _n.m._, lining. =boucaut=, _n.m._, cask, hogshead. =bouche=, _n.f._, mouth; lips; tongue; muzzle (of a cannon); voice; victuals; eating, living; cooks (of a sovereign); mouth, opening, aperture (of canals, rivers); plug-hole, fire-plug. _Dépense de —_; household expenses. _Munitions de —_; provisions. _— à —_; face to face. _— béante_; open-mouthed. _De —_; by word of mouth. _Être sur sa —_; to be given to gluttony. _Que l’imposture ne souille point votre —_; let not falsehood sully your lips. _— close_; keep it to yourself; mum’s the word! _Il dit cela de —, mais le cœur n’y touche_; he says one thing and thinks another. _Fermer la — à quelqu’un_; to stop any one’s mouth. _Il dit tout ce qui lui vient à la —_; he says whatever comes uppermost. _Faire la petite —_; to be difficult to please, dainty. _Elle n’en fait point la fine —_; she does not mince it. _Faire la — en cœur_; to screw up one’s mouth, to look captivating. _Cela rend la — amère_; that leaves a bitter taste in the mouth. _Garder une chose pour la bonne —_; to keep a tit-bit till the last. _Cela fait venir l’eau à la —_; that makes one’s mouth water. _Prendre sur sa —_; to stint one’s self. _Selon ta bourse, gouverne ta —_; you must cut your coat according to your cloth. _Il arrive bien des choses entre la — et le morceau_; there is many a slip between the cup and the lip. _Cheval qui a bonne —_; hard-feeding horse. _Un cheval qui n’a ni — ni éperon_; a horse that obeys neither bridle nor spur. _Un homme fort en —_; a man that out-talks everybody. _Il y en avait à — que veux-tu_; there was enough and to spare. =bouchée=, _n.f._, mouthful. _Ne faire qu’une — de quelqu’un_; to make but a mouthful of any one, to beat any one with ease. =bouche-nez=, _n.m._, stench-trap. =boucher=, _v.a._, to stop, stuff, choke up; to obstruct. _— une bouteille_; to cork a bottle. _— un tonneau_; to bung a barrel. _— la vue d’un voisin_; to obstruct a neighbor’s view. _Se — les oreilles_; to stop one’s ears. _Se — le nez_; to hold one’s nose. _— un trou_; to stop up a gap, to pay a debt. =boucher=, _n.m._, butcher. _— en gros_; carcass-butcher. =bouchère=, _n.f._, a butcher’s wife, woman keeping a butcher’s shop. =boucherie= (boo-shrî), _n.f._, shambles, butchery, market; slaughter, carnage, massacre. =bouche-trou=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) a stop-gap. =bouchoir=, _n.m._, oven-door, lid, stopper. =bouchon=, _n.m._, cork, stopper; ☉darling; wisp (of straw, &c.); packet (of linen); pot-house. _Frotter un cheval avec un — de paille_; to rub down a horse with a wisp of straw. _— de cabaret_; tavern-bush (kind of game). =bouchonner=, _v.a._, to rub down (a horse). =bouchonnier=, _n.m._, corkcutter. =bouchot=, _n.m._, fishing-hurdles; mussel-bed. =bouchure=, _n.f._, quickset hedge. =boucle=, _n.f._, buckle; ring; curl, ringlet, lock; (arch.) knocker; (nav.) staple, ring. _Des —s d’oreilles_; ear-rings. _Mettre une perruque en —s_; to curl a wig. _Mettre en —_; to put in irons. =bouclé=, =-e=, _part._, buckled, curled. _Cheveux —s_; curly hair. =boucler=, _v.a._, to buckle; to put a ring to; to curl (hair); (hunt.) to ferret out. _se_ =boucler=, _v.r._, to curl one’s hair. =boucler=, _v.n._, to curl, to put out, bulge. =bouclier=, _n.m._, buckler, shield; defense, protection; (ich.) lump-fish. _Levée de —s_; rising in arms; insurrection. ☉=boucon=, _n.m._, (l.ex.) poisoned drink or dish. =bouddhique=, _adj._, Buddhistic. =bouddhisme=, _n.m._, Buddhism. =bouddhiste=, _n.m._ and _f._, Buddhist. =bouder=, _v.n._, to pout, to look sour, to sulk; to pout at; not to be able to play (dominoes); (hort.) to be stunted. _se_ =bouder=, _v.r._, to be sulky with, to be cool, towards each other. =bouderie= (bou-drî), _n.f._, pouting, sulking, sulkiness. =boudeu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, sulky, sullen. =boudeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, person who sulks. =boudin=, _n.m._, black pudding; (nav.) pudding; (arch.) torus; saddle-bag, cloak-bag; spring (of a coach); long curl; sausage-finger. =boudinage=, _n.m._, slubbing, roving. =boudine=, _n.f._, (glass-making) bunt, knot. =boudineu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, rover, slubber. =boudini-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, black-pudding-maker. =boudinoir=, _n.m._, roving-machine. =boudoir=, _n.m._, boudoir, lady’s private-room. =boue=, _n.f._, dirt, mire, mud; filth; meanness; sordidness; sediment (of ink). _Je n’en fais pas plus de cas que de la — de mes souliers_; I don’t value it more than the dirt on my shoes. _Une âme de —_; a mean soul. _Tirer quelqu’un de la —_; to raise any one from the dunghill. _Traîner quelqu’un dans la —_; to load any one with abuse. =bouée=, _n.f._, (nav.) buoy. _— de sauvetage_; life-buoy. =boueur=, _n.m._, scavenger, dustman. =boueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, dirty, miry; muddy; foul. _Chemin —_; dirty road. _Ecriture —se_; thick writing. =bouffant=, =-e=, _adj._, puffed. ☉=bouffante=, _n.f._, hoop, farthingale. =bouffarde=, _n.f._, (pop.) short pipe. _Téter_ or _fumer sa —_; to have a whiff, to blow one’s cloud. =bouffe=, _n.m._, buffoon. _pl._, Italian opera (in Paris). _Aller aux —s_; to go to the Italian opera. =bouffée=, _n.f._, puff, gust, blast, whiff; fit. _Par —s_; by fits and starts. =bouffer=, _v.n._, to puff, to swell, to rise, to bulge. =bouffer=, _v.a._, to blow (meat). =bouffette=, _n.f._, bow (ribbon), ear-knot. =bouffi=, =-e=, _adj._, puffed up, swollen, inflated. _Des joues —es_; puffed out cheeks. _— d’orgueil_; puffed up with pride. _Ange —_; chubby child. =bouffir=, _v.a._, to puff up, to swell, to bloat. =bouffissure=, _n.f._, swelling, puffing up; turgidness, bombast. =bouffon=, _n.m._, buffoon, jester, clown; merry-andrew, jack-pudding, droll. _Un mauvais —_; a sorry jester. _Faire le —_; to play the buffoon. =bouffon=, =-ne=, _adj._, jocose, facetious, comical. =bouffonner=, _v.n._, to be jocose, full of jests; to play the buffoon. =bouffonnerie= (-fo-n-rî), _n.f._, buffoonery, drollery, jesting. =bouge=, _n.m._, little closet, hole, wretched den, hovel; bulge of a cask. =bougeoir= (-joar), _n.m._, flat candlestick, chamber-candlestick; taper-stand. =bougeotte=, _n.f._, pigeon-hole. =bouger=, _v.n._, to stir, to budge, to wag, to fidget. _Il ne bouge de cette maison_; he is always at that house. =bougie=, _n.f._, candle, wax-candle, wax-light; (surg.) bougie. =bougier=, _v.a._, to wax. =bougonner=, _v.n._, to grumble, to scold, to jaw, to mum. =bougran=, _n.m._, buckram. =bougre=, _n.m._, blackguard; fellow. _Bon —_; good sort of fellow. _Mauvais —_; nasty fellow, ugly customer. *=bouillabaisse=, _n.f._, Provençal fish-soup with garlic, &c.; mish-mash. *=bouillant=, =-e=, _adj._, boiling, boiling-hot, scalding-hot, piping-hot; hot, fiery, hasty, eager, fierce, hot-headed. _Jeunesse —e_; fiery youth. _— de colère_; boiling with anger. _— d’impatience_; burning with impatience. *=bouille=, _n.f._, fishing-pole. *=bouiller=, _v.a._, to stir the water with a pole. *=bouillerie=, _n.f._, boilery. *=bouilleur=, _n.m._, boiler-tube (of an engine). *=bouilli=, _n.m._, boiled beef, bouilli. *=bouillie=, _n.f._, pap (for infants); pulp (to make paper). _Faire de la — pour les chats_; fruitless labor, profitless undertaking. *=bouillir=, _v.n._, to boil, to simmer. _Faire — à demi_; to parboil. _— à gros bouillons_; to boil fast. _— à petits bouillons_; to boil gently; to simmer. _Cela sert à faire — la marmite_; that helps to make the pot boil. *=bouillir=, _v.a._, to boil. Only used in the popular and figurative expression: _— du lait à quelqu’un_; to say something very pleasant to somebody. *=bouilloire=, _n.f._, boiler, kettle. *=bouillon=, _n.m._, broth; bubble, ripple, bubbling; ebullition, transport; puff (of a lady’s dress). _— en tablette_; portable broth, meat-tablet. _— de poulet_; chicken broth. _— de veau_; veal-broth. _— coupé_; broth diluted with water. _Prendre un —_; to take some broth. _Boire un —_; to swallow a mouthful (in bathing); to meet with a loss. _— pointu_; clyster. _L’eau sort de la roche à gros —s_; the water comes gushing out of the rock. _Un — d’eau_; a bubbling fountain. *=bouillon-blanc=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) mullein, cow’s-lung-wort. *=bouillonnant=, =-e=, _adj._, bubbling, gurgling. *=bouillonnement= (-io-n-mān), _n.m._, bubbling up, spouting or gushing out; ebullition, effervescence, agitation. *=bouillonner=, _v.n._, to bubble, to gush out, to boil, to boil over. =bouillonner=, _v.a._, to put puffs to. _— une robe_; to put puffs to a dress. *=bouillotte=, _n.f._, foot-warmer. *=bouillotte=, _n.f._, bouillotte (game at cards). =bouin=, _n.m._, (dy.) head of silk. =bouis=, _n.m._, glazing-stick. =boujaron=, _n.m._, tot, about half a gill (nav.). =boulaie=, _n.f._, (l.u.) birch plantation. =boulang-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, baker; baker’s wife. =boulanger=, _v.a._, to make bread. _Du pain bien boulangé_; well-made bread. =boulanger=, _v.n._, to bake. =boulangerie= (-lan-jrî), _n.f._, baking, bakers’ business; bakehouse. =boule=, _n.f._, bowl, ball, pate, head, noddle, sconce. _Il est rond comme une —_; he is as round as a ball. _Un jeu de —_; a bowling-green. _Jouer à la —_; to play at bowls. _Avoir la —_; to play first. _Boule-de-neige_, (_—s-—_) (bot.) snow-ball. _— d’eau chaude_; hot water bottle. ☉_A la — vue_; in haste, carelessly. _—_; (for voting) ballot. (pop.) _Perdre la —_; to lose one’s head. =bouleau=, _n.m._, birch, birch-tree. =bouledogue=, _n.m._, bull-dog. =bouler=, _v.n._, to swell, to pout (of pigeons). =boulet=, _n.m._, bullet, ball; fetlock-joint (of a horse); (man.) boulet. _Un — de canon_; a cannon-ball. _Un coup de —_; a cannon-shot. _— rouge_; red-hot ball. _— ramé_; chain-shot, bar-shot. _Condamner au —_; (milit.) to condemn to chain and ball. _Tirer à —s rouges sur quelqu’un_; to load any one with abuse. =bouleté=, =-e=, _adj._, (vet.) upright on fetlock-joint. _V._ =juché=. =boulette=, _n.f._, forced-meat ball; pellet, paper-bullet, blunder. _Faire des —s_; to commit blunders. =bouleux=, _n.m._, thick-set horse; heavy hack; drudge. _Un bon —_; a plodding man, a drudge. =boulevard= _or_ =boulevart= (bool-var), _n.m._, bulwark, rampart; boulevard. =bouleversement= (bool-vers-mān), _n.m._, destruction, ruin; overthrow; overthrowing; overturning; commotion, confusion, disorder. =bouleverser= (bool-vèr-) _v.a._, to overthrow; to throw down, to subvert; to agitate, to trouble, to throw into commotion; to upset; to unsettle, to unhinge, to convulse. _Cela m’a tout bouleversé_; it has quite unhinged me. ☉_à la_ =boule vue=, _adv._ _V._ =boule=. =boulier=, _n.m._, bag-net (fishing). =boulimie=, _n.f._, (med.) bulimy. =boulimique=, _adj._, bulimic. =boulin=, _n.m._, pigeon-hole; (mas.) pigeon-cove; putlog. _Trous de —_; scaffolding-holes. =bouline=, _n.f._, (nav.) bowline, gantlet. _Aller à la —_; to sail close to the wind; to tack about. _Courir la —_; to run the gantlet. =bouliner=, _v.n._, to sail close to the wind. =bouliner=, _v.a._, to haul to windward. _— une voile_; to haul a sail to windward. =boulingrin=, _n.m._, bowling-green, grass-plot. =boulinier=, _n.m._, (nav.) _Un bon —_; a ship that sails well to windward. =bouloir=, _n.m._, (mas.) larry, pole. =boulon=, _n.m._, bolt, large iron pin. =boulonnement=, _n.m._, bolting, pinning. =boulonner=, _v.a._, to pin, to fasten with iron pins, to bolt. =boulot=, =-te=, _adj._, fat, dumpy, squatty. =boulotter=, _v.n._, to jog along. ☉=bouque=, _n.f._, channel, strait, mouth, passage. ☉=bouquer=, _v.a._ and _n._, to kiss forcibly; to yield, to truckle. =bouquet=, _n.m._, bunch, cluster, tuft; nosegay, bouquet, posy; birth-day ode, sonnet; birth-day present; flavor, aroma (of wine). _Un — de plumes_; a plume of feathers. _Un — de pierreries_; a sprig of jewels. _Un — de bois_; a cluster of trees. _Fleur qui vient en —s_; flower that grows in bunches. _— de fusées_; bunch of rockets. _Réserver une chose pour le —_; to keep a thing for the last. _Et maintenant, pour le —!_ and now, to cap the story! =bouquetier= (book-tié), _n.m._, flower-vase. =bouquetière=, _n.m._, flower-girl. =bouquetin=, _n.m._, wild goat, ibex. =bouquin=, _n.m._, old he-goat; buck-hare; old book. _Mauvais —_; worthless book; (of pipes) mouth-piece. =bouquiner=, _v.n._, to buck, to couple (of hares); to hunt after, to read, old books. =bouquinerie= (-ki-n-ri), _n.f._, old-book trade. =bouquineur=, _n.m._, lover of old books, book-fancier. =bouquiniste=, _n.m._, dealer in old books. =bouracan=, _n.m._, a sort of camlet, barracan. =bouracanier=, _n.m._, barracan maker. =bourbe=, _n.f._, mire, mud, dirt. =bourbeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, miry, muddy, sloughy, sloshy. =bourbier=, _n.m._, slough, puddle, mire, mud; lurch, plunge, scrape, danger. _Il s’est mis dans le —_; he has got himself into a scrape. *=bourbillon=, _n.m._, core (of an abscess). =bourcette=. _V._ =mâche=. =bourdaine=, _or_ =bourgène=, _n.f._, black alder. =bourdalou=, _n.m._, hat-band; sort of chamber-pot. =bourde=, _n.f._, fib, sham, humbug, lie. _Donner une — a quelqu’un_; to tell any one a fib. =bourder=, _v.n._, to fib, to sham, to humbug. =bourdeur=, _n.m._, fibber, shammer. *=bourdillon=, _n.m._, stave-wood (for casks). =bourdon=, _n.m._, drone; pilgrim’s staff; great bell; (mus.) drone; humble-bee; great bell; (print.) out, omission. =bourdonnant=, =-e=, _adj._, humming, buzzing. =bourdonnement= (-mān), _n.m._, buzz, buzzing; hum, humming; murmur; tinkling noise. =bourdonner=, _v.n._, to buzz, to hum, to murmur. =bourdonner=, _v.a._, to hum; to bore; to pester. =bourdonnet=, _n.m._, (surg.) dossil. =bourdonneur=, _n.m._, humming-bird, colibri. =bourg=, _n.m._, borough, market-town. =bourgade=, _n.f._, small market-town, straggling village. =bourgène=, _n.f._ _V._ =bourdaine=. =bourgeois=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (-joâ, -joaz), burgess, citizen, townsman, commoner; master, mistress, owner of a merchant-ship; contractor. _Un bon —_; a substantial citizen. _Un petit —_; a humble citizen. _Être en —_; (of officers) to be dressed in plain clothes. =bourgeois=, =-e=, _adj._, middle-class; belonging to, or becoming, a citizen, citizenlike; private; plain; common. _Famille —e_; good middle-class family. _Avoir l’air —_, _les manières_, _—es_; to be common in one’s gait and manners. _Cuisine —e_; plain, homely cooking. _Pension —_; private boarding-house. _Comédie —e_; private theatricals. =bourgeoisement= (-joaz-mān), _adv._, citizenlike, humbly; vulgarly. =bourgeoisie= (-joa-zî), _n.f._, middle-class, citizenship, citizens. _Droit de —_; freedom of a city. _Haute —_; upper middle-class, gentry. _Caution —_; good security. =bourgeon= (boor-jon), _n.m._, bud, gem; shoot; pimple. =bourgeonnant=, =-e=, _adj._, budding. =bourgeonné=, =-e=, _part._, budded, pimpled. =bourgeonnement= (-jo-n-mān), _n.m._, budding, budding-time. =bourgeonner= (-jo-né), _v.n._, to bud, to shoot, to put forth young shoots; to break out in pimples. =bourgeonnier= (-jo-nié), _n.m._, (orni.) bullfinch. =bourgmestre=, _n.m._, burgomaster. *=bourgogne=, _n.m._, Burgundy wine. =bourgépine= (-ghé-), _n.f._, (bot.) buckthorn. *=bourguignon=, =-ne= (-ghi-), _n._ and _adj._, Burgundian, of Burgundy. =bourlet=, _n.m._ _V._ =bourrelet=. =bournous=. _V._ =bernous=. =bourrache=, _n.f._, (bot.) borage. =bourrade=, _n.f._, blow with a musket butt; beating, home-thrust; taunt; (hunt.) snapping. =bourras=, _n.m._ _V._ =bure=. =bourrasque=, _n.f._, squall; relapse; fresh attack (of a disease); vexation; caprice; fit of anger, of ill-humor. =bourre=, _n.f._, hair, fluff (of animals); stuff, trash; flock (of wool); floss (of silk); wad (of fire-arms); kind of down (on the buds of trees). _Lit de —_; flock-bed. =bourreau=, _n.m._, hangman, executioner; tormentor, tyrant, butcher. _Un — d’argent_; a spendthrift. =bourrée=, _n.f._, brushwood, chatwood; small fagot; boree (dance). =bourreler= (boor-), _v.a._, to torment, to sting; to torture, to rack, to goad. =bourrelet= _or_ =bourlet=, _n.m._, pad; cushion; sand-bag; swelling (about the loins); padded cap; (of horses) collar. =bourrelier= (boor-), _n.m._, harness-maker. =bourrelle=, =-ment=, _n.m._, torment, torture. =bourrellerie= (boo-rèl-rî), _n.f._, business of a harness-maker. =bourrer=, _v.a._, to ram; to thrash; to abuse; to stuff, to wad; to cram with food; ☉to nonplus; (hunt.) to snap. _— de coups_; to give a sound thrashing to. _se_ =bourrer=, _v.r._, to cram one’s self with food; to abuse each other. =bourrer=, _v.n._, (of horses) to bolt. =bourriche=, _n.f._, game-basket. =bourrique=, _n.f._, she-ass; ignorant, stupid person. =bourriquet=, _n.m._, ass’s colt; hand-barrow; windlass; mason’s horse. =bourriqui-er=, =-ère=, _n.m.f._, donkey-driver. =bourrir=, _v.n._, to whir (of partridges). =bourroir=, _n.m._, tamping-bar. =bourru=, =-e=, _adj._, cross, morose, peevish, crabbed, moody, wayward, surly, snappish; unfermented. =bourse=, _n.f._, purse; hair-bag; purse-net; saddle-bag; scholarship; foundation; (anat.) sac; (bot.) wrapper; (surg.) suspensory bandage; (com.) exchange. _Coupeur de —_; cut-throat. _Avoir la —_; to keep the money. _Faire — commune_; to live in common. _Faire — à part_; to keep one’s own money. _La — ou la vie!_ your money or your life! _Aller à la —_; to go to the Exchange, to go on ’Change. _Loger le diable en sa —_; to be penniless. _Avoir toujours la — à la main_; to be always dipping into one’s purse. _Sans — délier_; without expense. =bourses=, _n.f.pl._, scrotum. =boursette=, _n.f._, small purse. =boursicaut=, _n.m._, small purse; small sum. =boursier=, _n.m._, purse-maker; foundation scholar, exhibitioner. *=boursiller=, _v.n._, to club together; to fork out. =bourson=, _n.m._, fob, little pocket. =boursouflage=, _n.m._, bombast, fustian. =boursouflé=, =-e=, _adj._, bloated; bombastic, inflated, turgid. _Style —_; turgid style. =boursoufler=, _v.a._, to bloat, to make turgid, to puff up. =boursouflure=, _n.f._, bloatedness (face); turgidness (style). =bousage=, _n.m._, dunging. =bousard= _or_ =bouzard=, _n.m._, deer’s dung. =bousculade= _or_ =bousculement= (boos-kul-mān), _n.m._, jostling, hustling; bullying. =bousculer= (boos-) _v.a._, to turn upside down, to throw into disorder; ta jostle, to hustle, to squeeze. =bouse= (booz), _n.f._, cow-dung. *=bousillage=, _n.m._, mud-wall; mud-walling; bungling piece of work. *=bousiller=, _v.a._, to make a mud-wall; to bungle, to botch. *=boursilleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, mud-wall builder, bungler, botcher. =bousin=, _n.m._, the soft crust of freestone; (l.ex.) row, shindy. =boussole=, _n.f._, sea compass, compass; mariner’s needle; guide, direction. =boustrophédon=, _n.m._, (antiq.) boustrophedon. =bout=, _n.m._, end, extremity, tip; top, point; bit; nipple; muzzle, ferrule; fag-end. _Le — des doigts_; the finger-ends. _Savoir une chose sur le — des doigts_; to have a thing at one’s finger’s ends, to know it perfectly. _Brûler la chandelle par les deux —s_; to burn the candle at both ends, to be a bad manager. _Le bas —_; the lower end. _Le — de la langue_; the tip of the tongue. _Le — de la mamelle_; the nipple of the breast. _—s de manches_; false sleeves. _—s d’aile_; pinions. _Bâton à deux —s_; quarter staff. _Au — d’une heure de conversation_; after an hour’s conversation. _Tenir le haut —_; to get the upper hand. _Se tenir sur le — des pieds_; to stand on tip-toe. _Patience, nous ne sommes pas au —_; have patience, we have not done yet. _Tirer un coup de pistolet à — portant_; to fire off a pistol point-blank. _Rire du — des dents des lèvres_; to laugh in a forced manner. _Un — de ruban_; a bit of ribbon. _Il est économe de —s de chandelle_; he is penny wise and pound foolish. _Mettre la patience de quelqu’un à —_; to exhaust any one’s patience. _Pousser quelqu’un à —_; to drive any one to extremities. _Venir à — de_; to succeed, to get through anything. _On ne saurait venir à — de cet enfant_; this child cannot be managed. _À tout — de champ_; at every turn. _Au — du compte_; after all; upon the whole. _D’un — à l’autre_; from beginning to end. _Au — de l’aune faut le drap_; the last straw breaks the camel’s back. _Jusqu’au — des ongles_; to one’s finger-tips. _Laisser voir le — de l’oreille_; to reveal one’s true character. _—-rimé_. _V._ =bout-rimé=. =boutade=, _n.f._, (boo-) whim, fit, start, caprice, frolic, freak. _Par —s_; by fits and starts. =boutant=, _adj._, (arch.) supporting. _Arc-—_; buttress. =boutargue= _or_ =botargue=, _n.f._, botargo. =bout-dehors=, (_—s-—_). _V._ =boute-hors=. =bouté=, =-e=, _adj._, (man.) straight-legged. _Cheval —_; straight-legged horse. =boute-en-train=, _n.m._, (_—_) stallion kept with mares; bird piper. _Être le —_; to be the life and soul of the company. =boutefeu=, _n.m._, (artil.) linstock; incendiary, firebrand. ☉=boute-hors=, _n.m._, (_—_) (nav.) boom; outrigger; good command of words. _Jouer au —_; to try to oust one another, to play at beggar my neighbor. *=bouteille=, _n.f._, bottle; bottleful; bubble; bottle case. _Boucher une —_; to cork a bottle. _Déboucher une —_; to uncork a bottle. _Mise en —_; bottling. _Faire sauter le bouchon d’une —_; to crack a bottle (instead of uncorking it). _N’avoir rien vu que par le trou d’une —_; to know nothing of the world. ☉*=bouteiller=. _V._ =boutillier=. *=bouteilles=, _n.f.pl._, (nav.) round house. ☉=bouter=, _v.a._, to pare, to flesh, to put. =bouter=, _v.n._, (of wine) to become ropy. =bouterolle= (boo-trol), _n.f._, chape (of a scabbard). =boute-selle=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (milit.) signal to saddle. ☉=boute-tout-cuire=, _n.m._, (_—_) (fam.) a spend-all, glutton. =bouteuse=, _n.f._, pin-sticker. =bouteux=, _n.m._, putting-net, shrimp-net. ☉*=boutillier=, _n.m._, cup-bearer. =boutique=, _n.f._, shop; merchandise of a shop; tools; implements; well for fish. _Garçon de —_; shop-boy. _Demoiselle de —_; shop-girl. _Cela vient de votre —_; that is your doing. _— bien fournie_; a well-stocked shop. _Il a vendu toute sa —_; he has left off business, or disposed of his business. =boutiqu-ier= (boo-), _n.m._, =-ière=, _n.f._, tradesman; shopkeeper; vulgar fellow. _adj._, shoppy. =boutis=, _n.m._, (hunt.) rooting-place. =boutisse= (boo-), _n.f._, (mas.) header, bondstone. =boutoir=, _n.m._, snout of a wild boar; buttress; parer; currier’s knife. _Coup de —_; rough answer; disagreeable proposal; stunner. =bouton=, _n.m._, button; stud; bud; nipple; pimple; gem; knob; sight (of a gun); (chem.) button. _— à queue_; shank button. _— d’or_; buttercup. _Le — d’une serrure_; the knob, button of a lock. _Serrer le — à quelqu’un_; to keep a tight hand over; to press hard upon. =boutonné=, =-e=, _part._, buttoned, pimpled; (fig.) reserved. _Nez —_; nose full of red pimples. _C’est un homme —_; he is very reserved. =boutonnement= (-mān), _n.m._, budding, buttoning. =boutonner=, _v.a._, to button; (fenc.) to touch. _se_ =boutonner=, _v.r._, to button one’s coat. =boutonner=, _v.n._, to bud, to button. =boutonnerie= (boo-to-n-rî), _n.f._, button-trade. ☉=boutonnet=, _n.m._, little bud, button, gem. =boutonnier=, _n.m._, button-maker. =boutonnière=, _n.f._, button-hole; (fig.) cut, gash. =bout-rimé=, _n.m._, poetry made on given rhymes. =bouts-rimeur=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) person who fills up given rhymes. *=bout-saigneux=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) scrag-end. =bouture=, _n.f._, (hort.) slip; cutting. =bouvart= _or_ =bouveau=, _n.m._, young bull. =bouverie= (boo-vrî), _n.f._, ox-stall. =bouvet=, _n.m._, joiner’s grooving-plane. =bouvi-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, cowherd, drover, ox-drover, (fig.) churl. *=bouvillon=, _n.m._, young bullock, steer. *=bouvreuil=, _n.m._, (boo-) bullfinch. =bovine=, _adj._, bovine. _Peste —_; cattle plague. =boxe=, _n.f._, boxing. =boxer=, _v.n._, to box. _se_ =boxer=, _v.r._, to box. =boxeur=, _n.m._, boxer. _Combat de —s_; boxing-match. =boyard=, _n.m._, boyard (Russian nobleman). =boyau=, _n.m._, bowel, gut, cat-gut; (hort.) branch; hose, pipe. _Corde à —_; catgut. _— de tranchée_; branch of a trench (fort.) _Descente de —x_; rupture. =boyauderie=, _n.f._, gut-works. =boyaudier=, _n.m._, gutspinner. =brabançon=, =-ne=, _adj._, Brabantine. =brabant=, _n.m._, Belgian plow. =bracelet= (bra-slè), _n.m._, armlet, bracelet, bangle. =brachial=, =-e= (-ki-), _adj._, (anat.) brachial. =brachygraphie= (-ki-), _n.f._, brachygraphy. =brachylogie= (-ki-) _n.f._, (rhet.) brachylogy. =braconnage=, _n.m._, poaching. =braconner=, _v.n._, to poach, to steal game. =braconnier=, _n.m._, poacher. =bractée=, _n.f._, (bot.) bract, bractea. =bractéifère=, _adj._, (bot.) bracteate. =bractélé=, =-e=, _adj._ _V._ =bractéifère=. =brague= (brag), _n.f._, (nav.) breeching. _pl._, breeches. =braguette=, _n.f._ _V._ =brayette=. =brahmane=, =brahme=, _n.m._, Brahmin. =brahmanique=, _adj._, Braminical. =brahmanisme=, _n.m._, Braminism. =brai=, _n.m._, resin, rosin, pitch. =braie=, _n.f._, napkin, clout; (nav.) coat. _pl._, breeches, trousers. _S’en tirer les —s nettes_; to get off unharmed, to get clear off. *=braillard=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, bawler, brawler, squaller. *=braillard=, =-e=, _adj._, brawling, squalling; obstreperous. =braillement=, _n.m._, squalling. *=brailler=, _v.n._, to bawl, to be noisy. =brailleu-r=, =-se=, _adj._ and _n._ _V._ =braillard=. =braiment=, _n.m._, braying of an ass. =braire=, _v.n._, to bray; (fig.) to cry, to whine. =braise=, _n.f._, live coals; embers, burning coal. _Il l’a donné chaud comme —_; he blurted it all out. _Tomber de la poêle dans la —_; from the frying-pan into the fire. _Passer sur une chose comme un chat sur la —_; to pass lightly over a subject; to skip over. =braiser=, _v.a._, (cook.) to bake, to braise. =braisier=, _n.m._, brazier. =braisière=, _n.f._, oven. =brame=. _V._ =brahmane=. =bramement=, _n.m._, (hunt.) belling. =bramer=, _v.n._, (of deer) to bell. =bramin= _or_ =bramine=, _n.m._ _V._ =brahmane=. ☉=bran=, _n.m._, bran; (pop.) excrement. _— de son_; coarse bran; sawdust. _— de judas_; freckles. =bran!= _int._ (l.ex.) _— de lui!_ a fig for him! =brancard=, _n.m._, stretcher, litter, hand-barrow; shaft (of a cart). =brancardier=, _n.m._, (milit.) ambulance-man, litter-bearer. =branchage=, _n.m._, branches, boughs; horns. =branche=, _n.f._, branch, bough, stick, arm; pin-wire; part, division; (arch.) branch; side (of a ladder); branch (of a family); (bot.) grain. _A —s_; branched. _Sauter de — en —_; to go from one thing to another. _Jeune —_; twig. _—s gourmandes_; proud wood. _S’accrocher à toutes les —s_; to try every possible means, whether fair or foul. _Être comme l’oiseau sur la —_; to be unsettled. ☉=brancher=, _v.a._, to hang on a tree. =brancher=, _v.n._, (hunt.) to perch, to roost; to branch off. =branche-ursine=, _or_ =branc-ursine=, _n.f._, (_—_) (bot.) brank-ursine. =branchial=, =-e=, _adj._, (ich.) branchial. _Opercule —_; gill-cover. =branchier=, _adj.m._, brancher, percher. =branchies= (-shi), _n.f.pl._, fish-gills. =branchu=, =-e=, _adj._, ramous, forked, bifurcated; two-horned. =brandade=, _n.f._, ragout (of cod). =brande=, _n.f._, heath, heather. =brandebourg=, _n.m._, gimp, braid; facing. ☉=brandevin=, _n.m._, wine-brandy. *=brandillement=, _n.m._, tossing, swinging. *=brandiller=, _v.a._, to swing, to shake to and fro. *_se_ =brandiller=, _v.r._, to swing. *=brandilloire=, _n.f._, swing, see-saw; (agri.) swing-plough. =brandir=, _v.a._, to brandish, to swing; to flourish; (carp.) to pin. =brandon=, _n.m._, torch, wisp of lighted straw; fire-brand, flake of fire. _— de discorde_; cause of discord. =brandonner=, _v.a._, to place brands in to mark the seizure of a field. =branlant=, =-e=, _adj._, shaking, loose; wagging, tottering. =branle=, _n.m._, jogging, push, shake, swing, tossing, motion, shaking; peal; sort of dance, brawl; hammock; (nav.) hammock. _Être en —_; to be in motion. _Donner le —_; to set going. _Mener le —_; to lead the dance. =branle-bas=, _n.m._, (_—_) (nav.) clearing, for action. _Faire le —_; to clear the decks. _—!_ up all hammocks! =branlement= (branl-mān), _n.m._, jogging; shaking, swinging; tottering. =branle-queue=, _n.m._, (_—_) (orni.) wag-tail; dish-washer. =branler=, _v.a._, to jog, to wag, to move, to shake, to brandish. _se_ =branler=, _v.r._, to move. =branler=, _v.n._, to shake, to jog, to totter, to rock; to stir, to move, to wag; to give way, to waver. _— dans le manche_; to shake in the handle, to be unsteady, irresolute, to be shaky. _Tout ce qui branle ne tombe pas_; a creaking gate hangs long, _or_ threatened men live long. =branloire=, _n.f._, see-saw; swing. =braque=, _n.m._, brach-hound; a hare-brained fellow; mad-cap. ☉=braquemart=, _n.m._, cutlass; broadsword. =braquement= (brak-mān), _n.m._, pointing (of ordnance). =braquer=, _v.a._, to set, to turn, to level, to point. _— un canon_; to level a cannon. _— une lunette_; to point a telescope. =bras=, _n.m._, arm; power; sconce (candelabrum); arm (of anchors, capstans, levers, seats); brace (of yards); handle; shaft (of litters); (mec.) side rod; arm (of a horse); claw (of a crawfish). _Être blessé au —_; to be wounded in the arm. _Il a le — en écharpe_; he has his arm in a sling. _Recevoir quelqu’un à — ouverts_; to receive any one with open arms. _Demeurer les — croisés_; to stand with folded arms. _À pleins —_; by armfuls. _Un — de mer_; an arm of the sea. _À force de —_; by strength of arms. _Ne vivre que de ses —_; to live by the labor of one’s hands. _Avoir quelqu’un sur les —_; to have any one to maintain. _Avoir de grandes affaires sur les —_; to have great concerns in hand. _J’ai sur les — un puissant ennemi_; I have to do with a powerful enemy. _Les — m’en sont tombés_; I was struck dumb with surprise. _Se jeter entre les — de quelqu’un_; to fly to any one for protection. _Tendre les — à quelqu’un_; to offer one’s aid to any one. _Moulin à —_; handmill. _Les — de la mort_; the jaws of death. _À tour de —_; with all one’s might. _A —-le-corps_; in one’s arms. _Saisir quelqu’un à —-le-corps_; to seize any one round the body. _— dessus — dessous_; arm in arm. _Avoir les — longs_; to have great influence. _En prendre long comme le —_; to take an ell; to impose upon. =braser=, _v.a._, to braze, to solder. =brasier=, _n.m._, quick clear fire; red-hot fire; brazier, furnace. *=brasillement= (-mān), _n.m._, (nav.) glittering, glancing, sparkling of the sea. *=brasiller=, _v.a._, to sparkle (of the sea). =brasque=, _n.f._, brasque (cement made of clay and charcoal dust). =brasquer=, _v.a._, to cover with brasque. =brassage=, _n.m._, stirring up; mashing, brewing; (coin.) mixing. =brassard=, _n.m._, brace (armor), armlet, arm-guard. =brasse=, _n.f._, (nav.) fathom, six feet, stroke. _Pain de —_; a twenty or twenty-five pound loaf. =brassée=, _n.f._, armful; stroke (swimming). =brasser=, _v.a._, to brew, to mash; to stir; to hatch, to work, to plot. =brasserie=, _n.f._, brewery, brewhouse. =brasseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, brewer. =brasseyage=, _n.m._, (nav.) bracing. =brassiage=, _n.m._, (nav.) sounding. =brassière=, _n.f._, shoulder-strap, brace, bodice with shoulder straps; restraint. _Être en —s_; to be under restraint. =brassin=, _n.m._, brewing tub; mash-tub; boiling (quantity boiled or brewed). =brassoir=, _n.m._, (metal.) stirring-stick. =brasure=, _n.f._, brazing, soldering. =bravache=, _n.m._, bully, swaggerer, blusterer. =bravade=, _n.f._, bravado, boast, bluster. =brave=, _adj._, brave, gallant, true; smart, fine, spruce; honest; good, kind. _— capitaine_; gallant captain. _Il est — comme l’épée qu’il porte_; he is as true as steel. _Il n’est — qu’en paroles_; he is only brave as far as words go. _Un homme —_; an honest man. _Vous voilà bien — aujourd’hui_; how smart you are to-day. _C’est un — homme_; he is an honest, worthy fellow. _C’est un — garçon_; he is a capital fellow; a brick. =brave=, _n.m._, brave _or_ courageous man; (b.s.) ruffian, bully. _Faux —_; blustering bully. _Faire le —_; to play the bully. _— à trois poils_; hard-fighter; man of real courage, right down plucky, regular game. _En —_; bravely, gallantly. =bravement= (-mān), _adv._, bravely, stoutly, valiantly, manfully; skillfully, finely. =braver=, _v.a._, to defy, to set at defiance, to bid defiance, to dare, to beard, to face, to brave. _— les autorités_; to set the authorities at defiance. _— la mort_; to face death. =braverie= (-vrî), _n.f._, boasting; finery, fine clothes. =bravo=, _n.m._, (bravi _or_ bravos) bravo, hurrah; hired assassin; applause. =bravo!= _adv._, bravo! well done! capital! =bravoure=, _n.f._, bravery, courage, manhood, gallantry; (mus.) bravura. _Il a fait preuve de —_; he has given proofs of courage. =brayer= (bra-ié), _n.m._, (surg.) truss, bandage. =brayer= (brè-ié), _v.a._, (nav.) to pay over. =brayette= (bra-iète), _n.f._, flap (of trousers); (bot.) cowslip. =brayon= (bra-ion), _n.m._, trap (for vermin). =break= (brèke), _n.m._, (_—s_) break (carriage). =bréant= _or_ =bruant=, _n.m._, (orni.) bunting, yellow-hammer. =brebis=, _n.f._, ewe; sheep. _pl._, flock. _— égarée_; stray sheep. _Troupeau de —_; flock of sheep. _Une — galeuse_; a scabby sheep. _Mener paître les —_; to lead the sheep to pasture. _Il ne faut qu’une — galeuse pour gâter tout un troupeau_; one scabby sheep will taint a whole flock. _Qui se fait —, le loup le mange_; daub yourself with honey, and you’ll never want for flies. _À — tondue, Dieu mesure le vent_; God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb. _Faire un repas de —_; to eat a dry meal. _La — galeuse_; the black sheep. _— comptées, le loup les mange_; we must watch as well as count. =brèche=, _n.f._, breach, flaw, rupture, hiatus; notch, gap. _Battre en —_; to batter in, to breach. _Monter à la —_; to mount the breach. _La — d’un couteau_; the notch of a knife. _Faire — à un pâté_; to make a gap in a pie. _C’est une — à l’honneur_; it is a breach of honor. =brèche=, _n.f._, (min.) breccia. =brèche-dent=, _adj._, (_—_) that has lost a front tooth or two; broken-mouthed. =brèche-dent=, _n.m.f._, (_—_) person who has lost a front tooth. =brechet=, _n.m._, breastbone, brisket. =bredi-breda=, _adv._, (fam.) hastily. =bredindin=, _n.m._, (nav.) garnet. =brédissure=, _n.f._, (med.) locked jaw. *=bredouillage=, _n.m._, jabbering, sputtering. *=bredouille=, _n.f._, (trictrac) lurch. _Jouer —_; to play lurches. _Sortir —_; to go away as one came. _Revenir —_; to return with an empty bag (of sportsmen). _Se coucher —_; to go to bed supperless. *=bredouillement=, _n.m._, stuttering, stammering, faltering. *=bredouiller=, _v.n._, to stammer, to stutter, to falter. *=bredouilleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, stammerer, stutterer. =br-ef=, =-ève=, _adj._, brief, short, concise, succinct. _Une réponse brève_; a brief reply. _Avoir le parler —_; to be a man of few words. =bref=, _adv._, in a few words; in short, in fine, to be short. =bref=, _n.m._, brief (pope’s pastoral letter); church calendar. =brège=, _n.f._, salmon-net, close-net. =bregin=, _n.m._, close-net. *=bréhaigne=, _adj._, barren, sterile. *=bréhaigne=, _n.f._, (pop.) barren, sterile woman. =brelan=, _n.m._, brelan (game at cards); pair-royal; gaming-house. _Tenir —_; to keep a gaming-house. =brelander=, _v.n._, to gamble, to be a gamester. =brelandi-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, gamester, gambler. =brelique-breloque=, _adv._, at random; higgledy-piggledy; slap-dash. =brelle=, _n.f._, raft, float of wood. =breloque=, _n.f._, charm, gewgaw, toy, trinket. _V._ =berloque=. ☉=breluche=, _n.f._, drugget, linsey-woolsey. =brème=, _n.f._, (ich.) bream. =breneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (l.ex.) dirty, soiled. =brequin=, _n.m._, wimble, bit of a wimble. =brésil=, _n.m._, Brazil-wood. *=brésiller=, _v.a._, to break small, to cut small; to dye with Brazil-wood. *=brésillet=, _n.m._, Brazil or Jamaica-wood. =breste=, _n.f._, catching birds with lime. *=brétailler=, _v.n._, (b.s.) to tilt, to fight. *=brétailleur=, _n.m._, (b.s.) bruiser, bully. =bretaudé=, =-e=, _adj._, crop-eared. =bretauder=, _v.a._, to crop badly (animals). =bretelle=, _n.f._, strap; brace. _En avoir jusqu’aux —s_; to be over head and ears in trouble. =breton=, =-ne=, _adj._ and _n.m.f._, of Brittany. =brette=, _n.f._, (jest.) long sword, rapier. =bretté=, =-e=, _adj._, matched, indented, jagged. =bretteler=, _v.a._, (arch.) to indent. =bretter=, _v.a._, (arch.) to indent. =bretteur=, _n.m._, bully, fighter. =bretture=, _n.f._, teeth, notches (in tools). *=breuil=, _n.m._, inclosed copse, thicket. =breuvage=, _n.m._, beverage, potion, draught, liquor, drink; (vet.) drench. =brève=, _n.f._, short syllable; (mus.) short note. =brevet=, _n.m._, warrant, brevet; (milit.) commission; patent; license (of printers). _— d’apprentissage_; indentures. =breveté=, =-e= (brèv-), _part._, patented. =breveté=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, patentee. =breveter= (brèv-), _v.a._, to patent, to license. =bréviaire=, _n.m._, breviary. =brévité=, _n.f._, (gram.) shortness (of syllables). =bribe=, _n.f._, hunch. _pl._, scraps, bits; odd ends. =bric-à-brac=, _n.m._, (_—_) odds and ends; old stores; curios. _Marchand de —_; dealer in old iron, old pictures, old stores, curios. =brick=, _n.m._, (nav.) brig. =bricole=, _n.f._, breast-collar of a horse; rebound of a ball (at tennis); back stroke (at billiards); strap; (nav.) pitching, rolling. _De_ or _par —_; indirectly, unfairly, by a fluke. =bricoler=, _v.n._, (billiards, tennis) to hit a back stroke; (fig.) to cadge, to dodge, to shuffle. =bride=, _n.f._, bridle, reins, check, curb; string (of a woman’s cap, bonnet); loop (for a button); (surg.) frenum. _Mettre la — à un cheval_; to put a bridle upon a horse. _Tenir la — haute à un cheval_; to keep a tight rein. _Lui tenir la — courte_; to shorten the rein. _Lâcher la —_; to give rein, to give head. _Courir à toute —_, _à — abattue_; to run at full speed. _Tourner —_; to turn back. _Tenir quelqu’un en —_; to keep any one within bounds, to curb. _À cheval donné on ne regarde pas à la —_; one does not look a gift-horse in the mouth. _Laisser_ or _mettre la — sur le cou_; to give head entirely; (fig.) to let any one have his own way. =bridé=, =-e=, _part._, bridled. _Oison —_; silly creature. =brider=, _v.a._, to bridle; to tie fast, to fasten; to restrain, to curb, to keep under; to check. _— l’ancre_; (nav.) to shoe the anchor. _— ses désirs_; to curb one’s desires. _— son cheval par la queue_; to begin at the wrong end. _Mon habit me bride sous les bras_; my coat is too tight under the arms. =bridon=, _n.m._, snaffle-bridle. =brie=, _n.f._, rolling-pin. _Fromage de Brie_; Brie cheese. =bri-ef=, =-ève=, _adj._, short, brief, curt. =brièvement= (-èv-mān), _adv._, briefly, succinctly, in short. =brièveté= (-èv-té), _n.f._, brevity, shortness, briefness, conciseness, succinctness. =brigade=, _n.f._, (milit.) brigade; gang, troop, body. =brigadier=, _n.m._, corporal (of cavalry); sergeant (of police); (nav.) bowman. =brigand=, _n.m._, brigand, highwayman, robber; ruffian, thief. =brigandage=, _n.m._, robbery, brigandage, plunder. =brigandeau=, _n.m._, cheat, rogue, knave. =brigander=, _v.n._, to rob, to plunder. =brigandine=, _n.f._, coat of mail, brigandine. =brigantin=, _n.m._, brigantine, brig. =brigantine=, _n.f._, small brigantine. *=brignole=, _n.f._, French plum. =brigue= (brig), _n.f._, intrigue, bribery; canvassing; cabal, faction. =briguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to canvass for, to solicit, to seek, to court, to stand for, to seek, to aspire to. =brigueur= (-gheur), _n.m._, canvasser, solicitor. *=brillamment= (-mān). _adv._, brilliantly, in a brilliant manner; in brilliant fashion. *=brillant=, =-e=, _adj._, brilliant, shining, sparkling, glittering, bright, showy, effulgent, beaming, radiant; robust, blooming (of health). _Esprit —_; sparkling wit. _—s appas_, _charmes —s_; dazzling charms. _Affaire —e_; (milit.) famous action. *=brillant=, _n.m._, brilliancy, brightness, splendor, radiancy, refulgence, resplendency, luster; brilliant (diamond). *=brillanté=, =-e=, _adj._, cut into a brilliant. _n.m._, diaper, damask. *=brillanter=, _v.a._, to cut into a brilliant. _— son style_; (fig.) to load it with false ornaments. *=briller=, _v.n._, to shine, to glitter, to sparkle, to glisten, to be bright, sparkling; to play, to blaze, to dawn, to lighten, to flourish, to gleam, to glare. _Tout ce qui — n’est pas or_; all that glitters is not gold. =brimbale=, _n.f._, brake, handle of a pump. =brimbaler=, _v.n._, (fam., l.u.) to ring, to swing, to toss. =brimborion=, _n.m._, nicknack, bauble, gewgaw. =brin=, _n.m._, blade, slip, slender stalk; sprig, shoot; bit, jot. _Un — de romarin_; a sprig of rosemary. _Un beau — de bois_; a fine straight piece of timber. _Un beau — d’homme_; a tall well-set youth. _Beau — de fille_; fine slip of a girl. _Un — de paille_; a straw. _Un — de fil_; a bit of thread. _Il n’y en a —_; there is none at all. _Un — de feu_; a bit of fire. _De_, or _en_, _—_; (of wood) unhewn. =brinde=, _n.f._, health, toast. _Porter des —s_; to drink toasts. _Être dans les —s_; to be drunk, tipsy. *=brindille=, _n.f._, sprig, twig. =bringuebale=, _n.f._ _V._ =brimbale=. =brio=, _n.m._, dash, spirit, pluck, go; raciness, vivacity. =brioche=, _n.f._, bun, cake; mistake, blunder. =brion=, _n.m._, (bot.) tree-moss. *=briquaillon=, _n.m._, brickbat. =brique=, _n.f._, brick. _— anglaise_; Bath brick. =briquet=, _n.m._, steel, flint, tinder-box; short saber, dirk; (dog) beagle, harrier. _Battre le —_; to strike a light. _— pneumatique_; fire syringe. _Pierre à —_; flint. =briquetage= (brik-taj), _n.m._, brick-work; imitation brick-work. =briqueté= (brik-), _part._, bricked; brick-like. =briqueter= (brik-), _v.a._, to brick; to imitate brick-work. =briqueterie= (brik-trî), _n.f._, brick-field, brick-making. =briqueteur= (brik-teur), _n.m._, bricklayer. =briquetier= (brik-tié), _n.m._, brick-maker. =briquette=, _n.f._, compressed, patent fuel. =bris=, _n.m._, (jur.) breaking open (of doors, prisons); wreckage, fragment; rigging (the market). =brisant=, _n.m._, breaker, breakwater. *=briscambille=, _n.f._ _V._ =brusquembille=. =brise=, _n.f._, breeze. _— carabinée_; stiff gale. =brisé=, =-e=, _part._, broken to pieces; harassed, fatigued; folding; (her.) rompu. _Lit —_; folding-bed. _Chaise —e_; folding-chair. _Porte —e_; folding-door. ☉=brise-cou=, _n.m._, (_—_) break-neck pace; (man.) rough-rider. _V._ =casse-cou=. =brise-eau=, _n.m._, (_—_) breakwater. =brisée=, _n.f._, fan-joint (of umbrellas). =brisées=, _n.f.pl._, boughs cut off; footsteps, wake, shoes, heels, ground. _Marcher sur les — de quelqu’un_; to follow in any one’s footsteps. _Aller sur les — de quelqu’un_; to walk in any one’s shoes, to poach on any one’s preserves. _Reprendre ses —_; to retrace one’s steps. =brise-glace=, _n.m._, (_—_, or _—-—s_) ice-breaker; starling (of a bridge). =brise-lames=, _n.m._, (_—_) breakwater. =brisement= (briz-mān), _n.m._, breaking, dashing (of waves); heartrending; contrition. =brise-pierre=, _n.m._, (_—_) (surg.) stone-crusher. =briser=, _v.a._, to break to pieces, to dash to pieces; to flaw, to burst, to crack, to knock off, to shatter, to shiver, to snap, to crush, to crash; to bruise. _Être brisé_; to feel sore all over. =briser=, _v.n._, (nav.) to break, to dash. _Brisons-là_; let us say no more on the subject; enough! _se_ =briser=, _v.r._, to break, to be dashed to pieces; to fold up. =brise-raison=, _n.m._, (_—_) wrong-headed person. =brise-scellé=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (l.u.) seal-breaker. =brise-tout=, _n.m._, (_—_) person that breaks everything; rough, clumsy fellow. =briseur=, _n.m._, (l.u.) one who breaks anything. _— d’images_; image-breaker, iconoclast. =briseuse=, _n.f._, breaker, breaker-engine. =brise-vent=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) (gard.) screen. =brisoir=, _n.m._, brake (for flax). =brisque=, _n.f._, a card game; trump. =brisure=, _n.f._, break, folding-point; catch, fastening; (her.) rebatement. =britannique=, _adj._, British, Britannic. =broc= (brô), _n.m._, large jug; pot, spit. _De bric et de —_; anyhow; by hook or by crook. _Manger de la viande de — en bouche_; to have one’s meat hot from the spit. =brocantage=, _n.m._, dealing in second-hand goods, broker’s business; bartering. =brocanter=, _v.n._, to deal in second-hand goods; to exchange, to barter. =brocanteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, a dealer in second-hand goods; broker. =brocard=, _n.m._, taunt, jeer; joke, scoff; lampoon. =brocarder=, _v.a._, to taunt, to jest, to jeer. =brocardeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, scoffer, jeerer. =brocart=, _n.m._, brocade. =brocatelle=, _n.f._, brocatel; (min.) brocate. =brochage=, _n.m._, stitching (books). =brochant=, _part._, (her.) _— sur le tout_; over all. =broche=, _n.f._, spit; needle to knit with; spindle; skewer; spigot, peg (of casks); gudgeon (of locks); tusk (of wild boars); brooch (jewel); iron-pin. _Mettre la viande à la —_; to spit the meat. =broché=, =-e=, _adj._, stitched (books); embossed (linen); figured (stuffs). =brochée=, _n.f._, spitful, rod full of candles. =brocher=, _v.a._, to stitch (a book); to figure (stuffs); to emboss (linen); to knit (stockings); to strike (a nail into a horse’s foot); to do things in a hurry, to dispatch. _— une comédie_, etc.; to polish off a comedy, etc. =brochet=, _n.m._, pike, jack. =brocheter= (brosh-té), _v.a._, (cook.) to skewer. =brocheton= (brosh-ton), _n.m._, small pike, pickerel. =brochette=, _n.f._, little skewer; meat (roasted on skewers); pin. _Elever des oiseaux à la —_; to feed birds by hand. _Enfant élevé à la —_; child brought up with great care. =brocheu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, knitter; book-stitcher. =brochoir=, _n.m._, smith’s shoeing-hammer. =brochure=, _n.f._, stitching; book stitched and covered with a wrapper; pamphlet, tract. =brocoli=, _n.m._, broccoli. =brodé=, =-e=, _part._, embroidered. =brodequin= (brod-kin), _n.m._, buskin, sock; half-boot, laced-boot (generally of women and children). _Chausser le —_; to go on the comic stage. =broder=, _v.a._, to embroider; to adorn, to embellish a story, to exaggerate, to amplify. =broderie= (bro-drî), _n.f._, embroidery; embellishment; exaggeration, amplification. =brodeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, embroiderer. _— mécanique_; embroidering machine. =brodoir=, _n.m._, bobbin, frame. =broie=, _n.f._, brake (for hemp). =broiement= (broa-mān), _n.m._, grinding, powdering, pounding, pulverization. =brome=, _n.m._, (chem.) brome. =bromure=, _n.m._, (chem.) bromide. =bronchade=, _n.f._, stumbling, tripping. =bronchement= (bronsh-mān), _n.m._, (l.u.) flinching, stumbling. _V._ =bronchade=. =broncher=, _v.n._, to stumble, to trip, to reel; to blunder, to falter, to fail, to flinch. _Il n’y a si bon cheval qui ne bronche_; it is a good horse that never stumbles. =bronches=, _n.f.pl._, (anat.) bronchi, bronchiæ, bronchial tubes. =bronchies=, _n.f.pl._ _V._ =branchies=. =bronchique=, _adj._, (anat.) bronchial. =bronchite=, _n.f._, (med.) bronchitis. =bronchotomie= (-ko-), _n.f._, (surg.) bronchotomy. =bronze=, _n.m._, bronze; bronze-figure, medal; (fig.) iron (insensibility), impudence, brass. _Un cœur de —_; a heart of iron, steel. =bronzer=, _v.a._, to bronze, to paint in bronze color; to tan (face). _— un canon de fusil_; to bronze the barrel of a musket. _Bronzé par le hâle_; sunburnt, tanned by the sun. =broquart=, _n.m._, (hunt.) brocket. =broquette=, _n.f._, tin tack, small nail. ☉=brossailles=. _V._ =broussailles=. =brosse=, _n.f._, brush; painter’s brush. _— à dents_; tooth-brush. _— à habits_; clothes-brush. (fig.) brush-wood, cover. =brossée=, _n.f._, (fam.) brushing; drubbing, thrashing. =brosser=, _v.a._, to brush, to rub with a brush. _se_ =brosser=, _v.r._, to brush one’s self. =brosser=, _v.n._, to run through woods or bushes; to scour. =brosserie= (bros-rî), _n.f._, brushmaking business; brush manufactory. =brosseur=, _n.m._, (milit.) an officer’s servant. =brossier=, _n.m._, brushmaker; brusher. =brou=, _n.m._, husk, peel, shell (of walnuts). _— de noix_; walnut brandy. =brouée=, _n.f._, fog, mist, drizzle, blight. =brouet=, _n.m._, thin broth, porridge. _— noir_; black broth. =brouette=, _n.f._, wheelbarrow; barrow; bath-chair. =brouetter=, _v.a._, to wheel in a barrow. =brouetteur=, _n.m._, bath-chairman. =brouettier=, _n.m._, barrow man. =brouhaha=, _n.m._, hubbub, uproar, hurly-burly. *=brouillamini=, _n.m._, confusion; disorder. *=brouillard=, _n.m._, fog, mist, haze, damp; (com.) waste-book. _Un — épais_; a dense fog. _Je n’y vois que du —_; I am muddled. *=brouillard=, _adj._, blotting. _Du papier —_; blotting paper. *=brouillasser=, _v.imp._, to drizzle. _Il brouillasse_; it is drizzling. *=brouille=, _n.f._, quarrel, falling out, misunderstanding, disagreement, discord, broil. _Être en — avec_; to be on bad terms with, to disagree with. *=brouillé=, =-e=, _part._, jumbled, at variance. _Des œufs —s_; buttered or scrambled eggs. _Nous sommes —s_; we have fallen out. _Un teint —_; a mottled complexion. _Être — avec la justice_; to be in the clutches of the law. *=brouillement=, _n.m._, mixing together, jumbling. *=brouiller=, _v.a._, to throw into confusion, to mix together, to blend, to stir up, to shake, to jumble, to shuffle, to confound; to set at variance; to embroil, to confuse; to puzzle. _— deux personnes l’une avec l’autre_; to set two people at variance. _Vous me brouillez_; you put me out. _se_ *=brouiller=, _v.r._, to be out, to put one’s self out, to confound one’s self; to fall out with any one. _Le temps se brouille_; the weather is spoiling. _Se — avec la justice_; to fall foul of the law, to fall into the clutches of the law. *=brouiller=, _v.n._, to blunder, to mar. *=brouillerie= (broo-), _n.f._, misunderstanding, disagreement, coolness, variance. *=brouillon=, _n.m._, rough draft, rough copy; waste-book. *=brouillon=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, blunderer, bungler, mar-all, mar-plot. *=brouillon=, =-ne=, _adj._, mischief-making; blundering. =brouir=, _v.a._, to blight, to blast, to nip, to parch. =brouissure=, _n.f._, blight, scorching. *=broussailles=, _n.f.pl._, bushes, brushwood, brambles. =brousse=, _n.f._, brushwood, undergrowth. =broussin=, _n.m._, excrescence from a tree. =brout=, _n.m._, browse. =broutant=, =-e=, _adj._, browsing. =broutement=, _n.m._, browsing. =brouter=, _v.a.n._, to browse, graze. _L’herbe sera bien courte s’il ne trouve de quoi —_; the grass must be very short, if he cannot get a bite. =broutilles=, _n.f.pl._, sprigs, small-wood, chat-wood; (fig.) trinkets, nicknacks. =brouture=, _n.f._, browsing. =broyer=, _v.a._, to grind, to pound, to beat small, to bruise; to break (hemp). _— l’encre_; (print.) to bray the ink. _— du noir_; to be in a brown study. =broyeur=, _n.m._, grinder, pounder, hemp or flax-breaker. ☉=broyon=, _n.m._, brayer (for printer’s ink). =bru=, _n.f._, daughter-in-law. =bruant=, _n.m._, (orni.) yellow-hammer. =brucelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) brownwort; _pl._, tweezers. *=brugnon=, _n.m._, nectarine. =bruine=, _n.f._, small drizzling rain. =bruiner=, _v.imp._, to drizzle. =bruire=, _v.n._, to rustle, to rattle; (of the wind) to roar, to sough. =bruissement= (-mān), _n.m._, rustling noise, rattling, roaring; whirring, (of the wind) soughing. =bruit=, _n.m._, noise, bustle, din, racket, creaking, knocking, sound, clamor, buzz; quarrel, dispute; fame, name, reputation; report, talk; rumor. _— d’une arme à feu_; report of a firearm. _Faire un — sourd_; to rumble, to hum. _Au — des cloches_, or _du canon_; at the ringing of the bells, the roar of the guns. _On le fit entrer sans —_; he was let in noiselessly. _Cet événement fait du —_; that affair is making a great noise. _Ils ont eu du — ensemble_; they came to high words. _Il s’est répandu un —_; a rumor has spread. _Un faux —_; a false report. _Il court un —_; it is reported. _Il n’est — que de_; there’s no talk but of. _Grand — petite besogne_; great cry, little wool. =brûlable=, _adj._, (l.u.) fit to be burnt. =brûlant=, =-e=, _adj._, burning, scorching, hot, burning hot, torrid; eager, earnest, ardent. =brûlé=, _n.m._, burning. _Cela sent le —_; that smells of burning. =brûlé=, =-e=, _part._, burnt. =brûle-gueule=, _n.m._, (_—_) short pipe. =brûlement= (-mān), _n.m._, burning. _à_ =brûle-pourpoint=, _adv._, (of shooting) close to; point-blank; to one’s face, in one’s teeth; unreservedly. _adj._, irrefutable. _Un argument —_; an irrefutable argument. =brûler=, _v.a._, to burn, to consume by fire, to cauterize; to parch, to scorch, to blast, to scar, to swelter. _— de fond en comble_; to burn to the ground. _— la cervelle à quelqu’un_; to blow any one’s brains out. _Son style brûle le papier_; his style is full of fire. _— de l’encens devant quelqu’un_; to flatter any one excessively. _— une étape_; to pass a halting-place without stopping. _— le pavé_; to dash along at full tilt. _— ses vaisseaux_; not to go back. =brûler=, _v.n._, to burn, to be on fire; to be all in a flame. _Les mains lui brûlent_; his hands burn. _Je brûle de vous revoir_; I am impatient, longing to see you again. _— d’un feu lent_; to be consumed by degrees. _se_ =brûler=, _v.r._, to burn one’s self, to be burnt, to scorch. _Venir se — à la chandelle_; to burn one’s wings at the candle. _— la cervelle_; to blow one’s brains out. _— les doigts_; to burn one’s fingers. =brûlerie=, _n.f._, (l.u.) burning; brandy-distillery. =brûle-tout=, _n.m._, (_—_) save all. =brûleur=, _n.m._, incendiary, firer; (fig.) blackguard. =brûloir=, _n.m._, =brûloire=, _n.f._, burner, roaster. =brûlot=, _n.m._, fire-ship; firebrand, incendiary. =brûlure=, _n.f._, burn, scald, scalding. =brumaire=, _n.m._, Brumaire, second month of the calendar of the first French republic, from Oct. 23rd to Nov. 21st. =brumal=, =-e=, _adj._, (l.u.) brumal, winterly, wintry. =brume=, _n.f._, fog, haze, mist. =brumeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, foggy, hazy, misty. =brun=, =-e=, _adj._, brown, dark, dun, dusk; gloomy, sad. _Il commence à faire —_; it is beginning to be dusk. =brun=, _n.m._, brown; dark person. _— châtain_; chestnut brown. _— clair_; light brown. _— foncé_; dun-colored. =brunâtre=, _adj._, brownish. =brune=, _n.f._, dusk (of the evening); dark woman, dark girl. =brunelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) self-heal. =brunet=, =-te=, _adj._, brownish. =brunette=, _n.f._, dark woman, dark girl; ☉love ballad. =bruni=, _n.m._, (tech.) burnish. =brunir=, _v.a._, to brown, to make brown, to darken; to burnish. _se_ =brunir=, _v.r._, to turn dark or brown. =brunir=, _v.n._, to turn brown. =brunissage=, _n.m._, burnishing. =brunisseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, one who burnishes, burnisher. =brunissoir=, _n.m._, burnisher (tool). =brunissure=, _n.f._, burnishing; browning. =brusque=, _adj._, blunt, abrupt, rough, gruff, short-crusted, sudden, unexpected. *=brusquembille=, _n.f._, game at cards. =brusquement=, _adv._, bluntly, abruptly, roughly, hastily, gruffly. =brusquer=, _v.a._, to offend; to treat roughly, bluntly, to be sharp with any one. _Il brusque tout le monde_; he is abrupt with everybody. _— une chose_; to do a thing in haste. _— l’aventure_; to decide at once. _— la fortune_; to tempt fortune. =brusquerie=, _n.m._, bluntness; abruptness, roughness, gruffness; suddenness, hastiness. =brut= (brut), =-e=, _adj._, rough, raw, crude, unpolished, unhewn, coarse, unfashioned; clownish, awkward; rude, ill-bred. _Diamant —_; rough diamond. _Sucre —_; brown sugar. _Bête —e_; (fam.) brute beast. _Produit —_; gross produce; gross returns. _Vin —_; unadulterated wine. =brut= (brut), _adv._, (com.) gross. =brutal=, =-e=, _adj._, brutal, brutish, surly, bearish, churlish, cynical. =brutal=, _n.m._, brute. =brutalement= (-tal-mān), _adv._, brutally, brutishly, rudely, churlishly. =brutaliser=, _v.a._, to bully; to use one brutally. =brutalité=, _n.f._, brutality, brutishness; outrageous language. _Dire des —s à quelqu’un_; to abuse any one in a brutal manner. =brute=, _n.f._, brute, beast; brutal person. =bruyamment= (bru-ia-mān), _adv._, noisily, loudly, clamorously. =bruyant=, =-e= (bru-iān, -te), _adj._, noisy, blustering, clamorous, clattering, loud. =bruyère= (bru-ièr), _n.f._, heath, sweet-heather. _Coq de —_; grouse. =bryon=, _n.m._ _V._ =brion=. =bryone=, _n.f._, (bot.) bryony. =buanderie= (-drî), _n.f._, wash-house, laundry. =buandi-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, bleacher; washerman, washerwoman. =bubale=, _n.m._, species of buffalo. =bube=, _n.f._, pimple, blotch. =bubon=, _n.m._, (med.) bubo. =bubonocèle=, _n.m._, (med.) bubonocele. =bucarde=, _n.m._, (conch.) heart-shell, cockle. =buccal=, =-e=, _adj._, buccal. =buccin= (buk-sin), _n.m._, (conch.) whelk; (mus.) bass-trombone. =buccinateur=, _n.m._, (anat.) buccinator. =bucentaure=, _n.m._, Bucentaur. =bucéphale=, _n.m._, Bucephalus (Alexander’s horse). =bûche=, _n.f._, billet, chump of wood, lump of coal, log; dull-pated fellow, blockhead. =bûcher=, _n.m._, wood-house; funeral-pile, pyre, stake. =bûcher=, _v.a._, (carp.) to rough-hew, to cut down; (fig.) to fag at, to work hard, to drudge. =bûcheron= (bûsh-ron), _n.m._, woodcutter. =bûchette=, _n.f._, stick of dry wood. =bucoliaste=, _n.m._, bucolic, writer of bucolics. =bucolique=, _adj._, bucolic. —s, _n.f.pl._, bucolics; (fam.) rattle-traps. =budget=, _n.m._, budget. _Le — de l’Etat_; the state budget. _Le — de la marine_; the naval estimates. _Le — de la guerre_; the army estimates. _Le — d’un ménage_; household expenses. =budgétaire=, _adj._, pertaining, relating, to the budget. =buée=, _n.f._, ☉lye, washing in lye; steam, reek. =buffet=, _n.m._, cupboard, sideboard; refreshment-room; service (of plate). _— d’orgues_; organ-case. =buffle=, _n.m._, buffalo; buff-leather; buff. =buffleterie= (-fle-trî), _n.f._, belts, straps, &c., (of a soldier). =buffletin=, _n.m._, young buffalo. =bufonite=, _n.f._, (foss.) bufonite. =bugle=, _n.f._, (bot.) bugle. =buglosse=, _n.f._, (bot.) bugloss. =bugrane=, _n.f._, (bot.) rest-harrow. =buhotier=, _n.m._, shrimp-net. =buie=, _n.f._, pitcher, jug. =buire=, _n.m._, vase, jug, beaker, flagon. =buis=, _n.m._, box; box-tree, box-wood. _— piquant_; butcher’s broom. =buissaie=, _n.f._, grove of box-trees. =buisson=, _n.m._, bush, thicket. _— ardent_; (bot.) evergreen thorn. _Trouver — creux_; to find the birds flown. =buissonner=, _v.n._, (bot.) to bush. =buissonneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, bushy, woody. =buissonni-er=, =-ère=, _adj._ Only used in the expressions: _Lapins buissonniers_; thicket-rabbits. _Faire l’école buissonnière_; to play the truant. =bulbe=, _n.f._, (bot.) bulb. =bulbe=, _n.m._, (anat.) bulb. =bulbeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, bulbous. =bulbifère=, _adj._, (bot.) bulbiferous. =bullaire= (-lèr), _n.m._, collection of papal bulls. =bulle=, _n.f._, bubble; (med.) bubble, blister; (metal.) bead. _— d’eau_; water-bubble. _— d’air_; air-bubble. =bulle=, _n.f._, pope’s bull. _La — d’or_; the golden bull. =bulle=, _adj._, whity-brown (of paper). _Papier —_; whity-brown paper. =bullé=, =-e=, _adj._, authentic; by pope’s bull. =bulletin=, _n.m._, paper, circular, voting paper; (milit.) bulletin; bulletin, official report. _— de bagages_; luggage-ticket. =bunium=, _n.m._, earth-nut; pig-nut. =buphthalme=, _n.m._, (bot.) ox-eye. =buplèvre=, _n.m._, (bot.) hare’s-ear. =bupreste=, _n.m._, (ent.) burn-cow; golden beetle. =buraliste=, _n.m._, office-keeper, clerk; money-taker. =burat=, _n.m._, drugget; bunting. =buratine=, _n.f._, poplin. =bure=, _n.f._, drugget; fustian, rough serge (of monk’s dress), baize; (min.) shaft, pit-hole. =bureau=, _n.m._, bureau, writing-table, desk; office; board, bench (in a court of judicature); committee; court (personages). _— de tabac_; tobacconist’s shop. _Chef de —_; head clerk; chief of a department. _Déposer sur le —_; (parliament) to lay upon the table. _Payer à — ouvert_; (com.) to pay on demand. _Prendre l’air du —_; to see how matters stand; to call in at the office. _Vent du —_; aspect of affairs. _— de placement_; registry office for servants, etc. ☉=bureau=, _n.m._, drugget. =bureaucrate=, _n.m._, bureaucrat, clerk in a public office; red-tapist. =bureaucratie=, _n.f._, bureaucracy, red-tapeism. =burette=, _n.f._, cruet; vase, flagon; (bicycle) oil-can. =burgau=, _n.m._, =burgaudine=, _n.f._, burgau; burgau mother of pearl. =burgrave=, _n.m._, Burgrave. =burgraviat=, _n.m._, Burgraviate. =burin=, _n.m._, graver, graving-tool; (fig.) pen. =buriner=, _v.a._, to engrave. =burlesque=, _adj._, burlesque, merry, comical, jocose, jocular, ludicrous. _Vers —s_; doggerel verses. =burlesque=, _n.m._, burlesque. =burlesquement=, _adv._, comically, ludicrously, in a jocose way. =burnous=, _n.m._ _V._ =bernous=. =bursal=, =-e=, _adj._, fiscal. =busard=, _n.m._, (orni.) buzzard; (fig.) blockhead, dolt. =busc=, _n.m._, busk (of stays); mitre (of locks). =buse=, _n.f._, (orni.) buzzard; (fig.) blockhead. _On ne sauvait faire d’une — un épervier_; one cannot make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear. =busqué=, _part._, busked; curved, arched. =busquer=, _v.a._, to put a busk in; (of skirts) to shorten, to draw up. _se_ =busquer=, _v.r._, to wear a busk. ☉=busquière=, _n.f._, busk-case. =busserole=, _n.f._, (bot.) whortle-berry. =buste=, _n.m._, (sculpt.) bust; head and shoulders. _Portrait en —_; half-length portrait. =but=, _n.m._, mark; object, end, aim, purpose, design, view; goal. _Viser au —_; to aim at the mark. _Le — de ses désirs_; the object of his desires. _Se proposer un —_; to have an object in view. _Arriver le premier au —_; to be the first to reach the goal. _— à —_; without any odds, evens. _Jouer — à —_; to play even. _De — en blanc_; bluntly, without any preamble; point-blank. =butant=, _adj._ _V._ =boutant=. =bute=, _n.f._, farrier’s knife. =butée=, _n.f._, (arch.) abutment-pier. _V._ =buttée=. =buter=, _v.n._, to hit the mark; to stumble; to aim at. _Ce cheval bute à chaque pas_; that horse stumbles at every step. =buter=, _v.a._, (gard.) to earth up; (arch.) to prop up. _— un mur_; to prop a wall with a buttress. _— un arbre_; to heap up earth round the root of a tree. _— du céleri_; to earth up celery. _se_ =buter=, _v.r._, to be bent on; to stick to; to contradict, to oppose. =butin=, _n.m._, booty, pillage, spoils, prize, plunder. =butiner=, _v.n._, to spoil, to pillage, to plunder, to get booty, to pilfer; to collect, to gather. =butiner=, _v.a._, (fig.) to pilfer. =butome=, _n.m._, (bot.) flowering rush; water-gladiole. =butor=, _n.m._, (orni.) bittern; churl, dull fellow. =butorde=, _n.f._, coarse, pig-headed woman. =butte=, _n.f._, rising ground, ridge, knoll, mound, bank. _Être en — à_; to be exposed to. =buttée=, _n.f._ _V._ =butée=. =butter=, _v.a._, (gard.) to earth up. =butter=, _v.n._ _V._ =buter=. =buttoir=, _n.m._, ridging-plow; buttress; (rail.) buffer-stop; catch-peg. =butyreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, butyrous; buttery. =buvable=, _adj._, drinkable, fit to drink. =buvard=, _n.m._, blotting-case, blotting-pad. _Papier —_; blotting paper. =buvetier= (buv-tié), _n.m._, keeper of a tavern. =buvette=, _n.f._, refreshment-room, tap-room, shades, public house. =buveu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, drinker; toper. =buvoter=, _v.n._, to sip, to tipple. =bysse=, _n.m._ _V._ =byssus=. =byssus=, _n.m._, (bot., antiq.) byssus. =byzantin=, =-e=, _adj._, Byzantine style. C =c=, _n.m._, the third letter of the alphabet, c. =c.=, (ab.) (com.) _compte_; account. =c’= (contraction of _ce_, and used only before the verb _être_), this, it. =ça=, _adv._, here. _— et là_; here and there, up and down, to and fro. =ça=, _int._, now. _— voyons!_ now, let us see! _Or — commencez!_ come, begin! =ça=, _pron._, (for _cela_) that. _Donnez-moi —_; give me that. _Comme —_; like that; so. _Comment vous portez-vous? comme ci comme —_; how do you do? only so-so. =cabalant=, =-e=, _adj._, caballing. =cabale=, _n.f._, cabal; cabala. =cabaler=, _v.n._, to cabal, to plot. =cabaleur=, _n.m._, caballer, intriguer. =cabaliste=, _n.m._, cabalist. =cabalistique=, _adj._, cabalistic. =caban=, _n.m._, cloak with a hood. =cabanage=, _n.m._, camp, hutting. =cabane=, _n.f._, cot, hut, shed, cabin, cottage; flat-bottomed boat on the Loire. =cabaner=, _v.a._, (nav.) to capsize (a boat). =cabaner=, _v.n._, (nav.) to capsize. =cabanon=, _n.m._, cell (prison). =cabaret=, _n.m._, wine-shop, tavern, pot-house; china tea- or coffee-service, liqueur-service, tray; (bot.) asarum. _Pilier de —_; tavern haunter, tippler. _— borgne_; pot-house. =cabareti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, publican, tavern-keeper. =cabas=, _n.m._, basket; cottage bonnet; wicker-work carriage, rumbling-carriage. ☉=cabasset=, _n.m._, helmet. =cabéliau=, _n.m._, (ich.) keeling. =cabestan=, _n.m._, capstan, capstern, hand-winch. _Grand —_; main capstan. _— volant_; crab. _Envoyer un homme au —_; to send a man to the capstan (to be punished). *=cabillaud=, _n.m._, (ich.) cod (live cod). =cabine=, _n.f._, (nav.) cabin. =cabinet=, _n.m._, closet, study, cabinet; practice (of a professional man); summer-house; office (of an attorney, a barrister); cabinet, cabinet-council. _— de lecture_; reading-room. _— de toilette_; dressing-room. _— de bains_; bath-room. _— d’aisance_; water-closet. _Affaires de —_; chamber practice (of lawyers). =câble=, _n.m._, cable. _Filer du —_; (nav.) to pay out, to veer more cable; (fig.) to spin out the time. _— de remorque_; tow-cable. _Bitter le —_; to bit the cable. _Maître —_; sheet-cable. _— d’affourche_; small bower-cable. _— de touée_; stream-cable. =câblé=, _n.m._, thick cord. =câblé=, =-e=, _adj._, (arch.) cabled, twisted. =câbleau= _or_ =câblot=, _n.m._, cablet, small cable; mooring-rope, painter. =câblée=, _n.f._, cable’s length. =câbler=, _v.a._, to twist threads into a cord; to make ropes or cables. =cabliau=, _n.m._ _V._ =cabillaud=. =cablogramme=, _n.m._, cablegram. =caboche=, _n.f._, pate, noddle, nob; head-piece, hobnail. _Grosse —_; logger-head. _Être bonne —_; to have a good head-piece. =cabochon=, _n.m._, polished but uncut precious stone; (tech.) fancy brass nail. =cabochon=, _adj._, (of stones) polished only, but uncut. =cabosse=, _n.f._, cacao pod. =cabot=, _n.m._, (ich.) bull-head. _V._ =chabot=. =cabotage=, _n.m._, coasting, coasting-trade. _Vaisseau de —_; coasting-vessel. =caboter=, _v.n._, to coast. =caboteur=, _n.m._, coaster. =cabotier=, _n.m._, coasting-vessel. =cabotin=, _n.m._, (b.s.) strolling player; low comedian. =cabre=, _n.f._, gin; (nav.) sheers. _se_ =cabrer=, _v.r._, to prance, to rear, to rise up; to fly into a passion; to be refractory. _Faire se — un cheval_; to make a horse rear. =cabrer=, _v.a._, to provoke any one, to make any one fly into a passion; to offend, to shock. =cabri=, _n.m._, kid. =cabriole=, _n.f._, caper; (man.) cabriole. =cabrioler=, _v.n._, to caper, to cut capers. =cabriolet=, _n.m._, cabriolet, cab, gig. _— à pompe_; curricle. _Place de —_; cab-stand. =cabrioleur=, _n.m._, caperer. =cabus=, _adj._, (of cabbages) headed. =caca=, _n.m._, child’s excrement. _Faire —_; to do one’s excrement. =cacade=, _n.f._, (l.u., l.ex.) mess, mistake, failure, mull. =cacao=, _n.m._, cacao, chocolate-nut. =cacaotier= _or_ =cacaoyer=, _n.m._, cacao-tree. =cacaoyère=, _n.f._, cacao-plantation. =cacatois=, _n.m._, (nav.) royal, mast-top. =cacatois= _or_ =kakatoès=, _n.m._, (orni.) cockatoo. =caccaber=, _v.n._, to cry (of partridges). =cachalot=, _n.m._, cachalot; spermaceti-whale. =cache=, _n.f._, hiding-place; (hunt.) stake-net. =caché=, =-e=, _part._, hid, hidden. _Ressorts —s_; hidden, secret springs. _N’avoir rien de — pour quelqu’un_; to keep nothing secret from anyone, to have no secrets for. _Jeu —_; underhand game. =cache-cache=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) hide and seek. =cachectique= (shèk-), _adj._, (med.) cachetic. =cache-entrée=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) drop (of a key-hole). =cachement= (kash-mān), _n.m._, (l.u.) concealing, hiding. =cachemire=, _n.m._, cashmere. =cache-nez=, _n.m._, muffler, comforter. *=cache-peigne=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) head-ornament to conceal the comb. =cacher=, _v.a._, to hide, to secrete, to conceal, to disguise, to lurk; to abscond. _Cachez votre jeu_; hide your cards. _— son jeu_; to hide, to mask, one’s play. _— son nom_, _son âge_; to conceal one’s name, one’s age. _— sa vie_; to lead a secluded life. _se_ =cacher=, _v.r._, to hide, to secrete one’s self; to lurk; to abscond. =cachet=, _n.m._, seal (of private individuals); stamp; ticket. _Lettre de —_; lettre-de-cachet, (arbitrary warrant of imprisonment). _— de chiffres_, _d’armes_; seal with a cipher, with a coat of arms. _— volant_; flying seal. _Courir le —_; to give private lessons in town, to go about teaching. _Son style a un — particulier_; his style has a certain stamp, characteristic, character all its own. =cacheté=, =-e=, _part._, sealed. _Soumissions —es_; sealed tenders. =cacheter= (kash-té), _v.a._, to seal, to seal up. _Cire à —_; sealing-wax. _Pain à —_; wafer. =cachette=, _n.f._, hiding-place. _En —_; secretly, by stealth. =cacheu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, sneak, sly-boots. =cachexie= (-shè-ksi), _n.f._, (med.) cachexy. =cachot=, _n.m._, dungeon; (milit.) black hole. =cachotte=, _n.f._, tobacco-pipe without a heel. =cachotterie= (-sho-trî), _n.f._, mysterious ways, secret practice (about trifles). =cachotti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, mysterious, sly. =cachou=, _n.m._, cachou. =cacique=, _n.m._, cazique _or_ cacique (Indian chief). =cacis=. _V._ =cassis=. =cacochyme= (-shim), _adj._, (med.) cachochymic. =cacochymie= (-shi-), _n.f._, (med.) cacochymy. =cacoèthe=, _adj._, (med.) (ulcers) malignant, incurable. =cacographie=, _n.f._, cacography. =cacolet=, _n.m._, mule-litter, pannier. _En —_; on panniered mules. =cacologie=, _n.f._, cacology. =cacophonie=, _n.f._, cacophony. =cacotrophie=, _n.f._, (med.) cacotrophy. =cactier= _or_ =cactus=, _n.m._, (bot.) torch-thistle, cactus. =cadastral=, =-e=, _adj._, referring to the register of lands; pertaining to real estate. =cadastre=, _n.m._, register of the survey of lands. =cadastrer=, _v.a._, to survey. =cadavéreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, cadaverous, wan, ghastly. =cadavérique=, _adj._, (anat.) of a dead body. =cadavre=, _n.m._, corpse, dead body. _C’est un — ambulant_; he is a walking ghost. =cadeau=, _n.m._, present, gift. _Faire — de_; to make a present of. =cadédis= (-diss), _int._, zounds, faith! =cadenas= (-nâ), _n.m._, padlock; clasp, snap. _— à secret_; secret padlock. _Enfermer sous —_; to padlock. =cadenasser=, _v.a._, to padlock; to clasp. =cadence=, _n.f._, time (in dancing); (mus.) quivering, shake; (man., harmony) cadence. _Aller en —_; to keep time. =cadencé=, =-e=, _part._, cadenced, numbered, harmonious. =cadencer=, _v.a._, to cadence, to harmonize; (mus.) to time, to shake, to trill. =cadène=, _n.f._, (l.u.) chain; chain-gang (of convicts). =cadenette= (-nett), _n.f._, hair-cue, tress (of hair). =cadet=, =-te=, _adj._, younger, junior (of two). _Branche —te_; younger branch. =cadet=, _n.m._, (milit.) cadet; younger brother; younger son; junior (of two), (fam.) young fellow. _C’est un jeune — de haut appétit_; he is an extravagant young gentleman. =cadette=, _n.f._, younger sister, younger daughter; paving stone; long billiard cue. =cadi=, _n.m._, cadi (Turkish judge). =cadis=, _n.m._, sort of woolen serge. =cadisé=, _n.m._, kind of drugget. =cadmie=, _n.f._, (chem., metal.) oxide of zinc. =cadmium=, _n.m._, cadmium. =cadogan=, _n.m._ _V._ =catogan=. =cadole=, _n.f._, latch, little bolt. =cadran=, _n.m._, dial-plate, dial. =cadrat=, _n.m._, (print.) quadrat. _— creux_; quotation. =cadratin=, _n.m._, (print.) M quadrat. _Demi —_; N quadrat. =cadrature=, _n.f._, (horl.) movement; dial-work. =cadre=, _n.m._, frame (for a picture); (nav. milit.); list of officers; framework; skeleton; limits. _Être sur les —_; (nav.) to be on the sick list. =cadrer=, _v.n._, to agree, to square with, to tally; to suit, to fit in with. =cadrille=, _n.f._, check, square. =cadriller=, _v.a._, to rule (in squares), to checker. =cadu-c=, =-que=, _adj._, decrepit; broken-down; decayed, crazy; lapsed, null, void (of legacies); (bot.) deciduous. _Age —_; decrepit old age. _Devenir —_; to decay. _Legs —_; lapsed legacy (barred by limitation). _Le mal —_; the falling sickness, epilepsy. =caducée=, _n.m._, caduceus, Mercury’s wand; tipstaff. =caducité=, _n.f._, caducity; decay, decline. =cæcum= (sékom), _n.m._, (anat.) cæcum. =cafard=, =-e=, _adj._, hypocritical, sanctimonious. =cafard=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, canter, hypocrite; tell-tale; humbug, sneak. =cafard=, _n.m._, (ent.) cockroach. _V._ =blatte=. =cafarderie=, _n.f._, cant, hypocrisy, false devotion. =cafardise=, _n.f._, (l.u.) piece of hypocrisy; cant. =café=, _n.m._, coffee; coffee-house; coffee (berry). _Tasse de —_; cup of coffee. _Rôtir_, _moudre_, _prendre_, _du —_; to roast, to grind, to drink, coffee. _— au lait_; coffee with milk. _— à la crème_; coffee with cream. _— chantant_; music-hall. =caféier=, _n.m._ _V._ =cafier=. =caféière=, _n.f._, coffee-plantation. =cafetan=, _or_ =caftan=, _n.m._, caftan (Turkish garment). =cafetier=, _n.m._, coffee-house keeper. =cafetière=, _n.f._, coffee-pot. =cafier=, _or_ =caféier=, _n.m._, coffee-tree. =cafre=, _n.m.f._, Caffre. =cage=, _n.f._, cage; coop (for fowls); (tech.) frame; casing, housing. _Mettre un homme en —_; to put a man in prison, or under lock and key. _La belle — ne nourrit pas l’oiseau_; all is not gold that glitters. =cagée=, _n.f._, cage-full. *=cagnard=, =-e=, _adj._, lazy, skulking, slothful. *=cagnard=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, lazy-bones, skulker. _C’est un —_; he is a skulker, loafer. *=cagnarder=, _v.n._, to loaf. *=cagnardise=, _n.f._, laziness, slothfulness, skulking. *=cagne=, _n.f._, (l.u.) slut. *=cagneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, knock-kneed, splay-footed. =cagot=, =-e=, _adj._, (fam.) bigoted, hypocritical. =cagot=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (fam.) bigot. =cagoterie=, _n.f._, (fam.) affected devotion, hypocrisy, bigotry. =cagotisme=, _n.m._, (fam.) bigotry, false devotion. =cagoule=, _n.f._, a monk’s cloak. =cague=, _n.f._, Dutch sloop. =cahier=, _n.m._, paper-book; copy-book; quarter of a quire of paper; book (manuscript); sheet. _— des charges_; specifications. _— des frais_; bill of costs. =cahin-caha=, _adv._, (fam.) so-so, lamely, poorly, slowly, reluctantly. =cahot=, _n.m._, jerk; jolt of a coach. =cahotage=, =cahotement=, _n.m._, jolting, jerking. =cahotant=, =-e=, _adj._, rough, jolting. =cahoter=, _v.n._, to jolt, to toss about. =cahoter=, _v.a._, to jolt, to jog, to jerk. =cahute=, _n.f._, hut, crib, hovel; (nav.) small cabin. =caïc= _or_ =caïque=, _n.m._, yawl, long-boat, levantine-boat. =caiche=, _n.f._, (nav.) ketch. =caïd=, _n.m._, (_—s_) Arab military chief or judge. =caïeu=, _n.m._, (hort.) sucker, off-shoot. *=caille=, _n.f._, (orni.) quail. =caillé=, _adj._, curdled, clotted. *=caillé=, _n.m._, curdled milk, curds. *=caillebot=, _n.m._, guelder-rose. *=caillebotis=, _n.m._, (nav.) grating of the hatches. *=caillebotté=, =-e=, _part._, curdled. *=caillebotte=, _n.f._, mass of curds. *=caillebotter=, _v.n._, to curdle. *=caille-lait=, _n.m._, (_—_) (bot.) cheese-rennet. *=caillement=, _n.m._, curdling, coagulating. *=cailler=, _v.a._, to curdle, to clot, to curd. *_se_ =cailler=, _v.r._, to coagulate, to turn to curds. *=cailletage=, _n.m._, gossiping, idle talk, tittle-tattle. *=cailleteau=, _n.m._, young quail. =cailleter=, _v.n._, to gossip, to chatter. *=cailletot=, _n.m._, young turbot. *=caillette=, _n.f._, rennet; gossip; chatterer. *=caillot=, _n.m._, clot of blood; coagulum. *=caillotis=, _n.m._, kelp (ashes of seaweed). *=caillot-rosat=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) a kind of pear. *=caillou=, _n.m._, flint, flint-stone, pebble. *=cailloutage=, _n.m._, stoning, graveling, ballasting; flint-ware, pebble-work. *=caillouter=, _v.a._, to macadamize, to gravel, to ballast. *=caillouteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, pebbly, flinty. *=cailloutis=, _n.m._, broken stones, gravel; broken flint. =caïmacan=, _n.m._, caimacan (a Turkish officer). =caïman=, _n.m._, American crocodile, caiman. =caimand=. _V._ =quémand=. =caimander=. _V._ =quémander=. =caimandeu-r=, =-se=. _V._ =quémandeur=. =caïque=, _n.m._ _V._ =caïc=. =caisse=, _n.f._, case, box, chest, trunk; coffer, till; cash-room, counting-house; cylinder (of a drum); (anat.) drum (of the ear); body (of a coach); pay-office. _— de médicaments_; medicine chest. _— militaire_; military chest. _La — du régiment_; the regimental chest. _Avoir tant d’argent en —_; to have so much money in hand. _Les —s de l’Etat_; the coffers of the state. _Livre de —_; cash-book. _Tenir la —_; to keep the cash. _— de secours mutuels_; sick-fund. _— des pensions_; pension fund. _Faire la —_; to make up the cash account. _— d’amortissement_; sinking fund. _— d’épargne_; savings-bank. _— d’escompte_; discounting bank. _Grosse —_; big drum. _Battre la —_; to beat the drum. _Bander la —_; to brace the drum. _Tenir la —_; to act as cashier. (jest.) _Sauver la —_; to run off with the till. =caissier=, _n.m._, treasurer, cashier. =caisson=, _n.m._, (milit.), ammunition wagon, caisson, chest; (nav.) locker; (arch.) coffer; compartment ceiling; sunk-panel; (artil.) limber. _Les —s des vivres_; the provision wagons. _— à poudre_; powder-chest. =cajoler=, _v.a._, to cajole, to coax, to wheedle. =cajolerie=, _n.f._, cajolery, coaxing, wheedling. =cajoleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, cajoler, coaxer, wheedler. =cal=, _n.m._, callosity; (med.) callus. =calade=, _n.f._, (man.) calade; descent, slope. =calage=, _n.m._, wedging, lowering, sinking. =calaison=, _n.f._, load water line; sea-gauge. =calambour=, _n.m._, calambac (wood). =calamendrier=, _n.m._, (bot.) common wall-germander. =calament=, _n.m._, (min. bot.) calamint. =calaminaire=, _adj._, (l.u.) belonging to calamine. =calamine=, _n.f._, (min.) calamine. =calamite=, _n.f._, (min.) calamite. =calamité=, _n.f._, calamity, distress. =calamiteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, distressful, calamitous. =calandrage=, _n.m._, calendering, hot-pressing, mangling. =calandre=, _n.f._, (ent.) weevil; mangle, calender; (orni.) calandra. =calandrer=, _v.a._, to calender, to press, to smooth, to mangle. =calandreur=, _n.m._, mangler, calenderer. =calangue=, _n.f._, (nav.) creek, cove. =calao=, _n.m._, (orni.) horn-bill. =calatrava=, _n.m._, a Spanish military order. =calcaire=, _adj._, calcareous. =calcaire=, _n.m._, limestone. =calcanéum= (-om), _n.m._, (anat.) calcaneum, os calcis, heel-bone. =calcédoine=, _n.f._, (min.) chalcedony. =calcédonieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, chalcedonic. =calcin=, _n.m._, calcined glass. =calcinable=, _adj._, calcinable. =calcination=, _n.f._, calcination. =calciner=, _v.a._, to calcine, to burn. _se_ =calciner=, _v.r._, to calcine. =calcis=, _n.m._, (orni.) night-hawk. =calcite=. _V._ =chalcite=. =calcium= (-om), _n.m._, calcium. =calcographie=, _n.f._, calcography. =calcul=, _n.m._, calculation, ciphering, arithmetic, computation, reckoning, counting, estimate, forecast; design, selfish motive; (med.) calculus; stone in the bladder. _— différentiel_; differential calculus. _— approximatif_; rough calculation. _Il apprend le —_; he learns arithmetic. _De — fait_; everything included. =calculable=, _adj._, computable, calculable. =calculant=, =-e=, _adj._, calculating, reckoning; designing. =calculateur=, _adj._, calculating. =calculateur=, _n.m._, calculator, reckoner, accountant; schemer. =calculatoire=, _adj._, calculatory. =calculer=, _v.a._, to calculate, to compute, to reckon, to estimate; to forecast, to contrive, to devise; to determine. =calculeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) calculous. =calculeu-x=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, person affected with calculus. =cale=, _n.f._, (nav.) hold (of a ship); wedge, prop; ducking, keel-hauling (punishment); (tech.) block, quay. _— de construction_; stocks. _— de magasin_, _d’un quai_; slip. _À fond de —_; at the bottom of the hold. _Eau de —_; bilge water. _Donner la — à un matelot_; to give a sailor a ducking. _— sèche_; dry ducking. _Être à fond de —_; (fam.) to be hard up, to be at the end of one’s resources. =calebasse=, _n.f._, (bot.) calabash; gourd; (fig. & fam.) pate, nob, noddle. =calebassier=, _n.m._, calabash tree. =calèche=, _n.f._, calash; barouche, open carriage. =caleçon=, _n.m._, drawers, pair of drawers. =caleçonnier=, _n.m._, one who makes drawers. =calédonien=, =-ne=, _n._ and _adj._, Caledonian. =caléfacteur=, _n.m._, cooking apparatus, kitchener, cooking-stove. =caléfaction=, _n.f._, calefaction, heating. =calembour=, _n.m._, pun. =calembouriste=, _n.m._, a punster. =calembredaine=, _n.f._, fib, fetch, quibble, subterfuge. =calencar=, _n.m._, a kind of Indian chintz. =calence=, _n.f._, want of work. _En —_; out of work. =calender= (-dèr), _n.m._, kind of dervis. =calendes=, _n.f.pl._, (antiq.) calends; convocation of the country clergy. _Renvoyer aux — grecques_; to put off till doomsday. =calendrier=, _n.m._, calendar, almanac. _Vieux —_; the old calendar (old style). _Nouveau —_, _— grégorien_; the new, the Gregorian, calendar. =calenture=, _n.f._, (med.) calenture. =calepied=, _n.m._, toe-clip (bicycle). =calepin=, _n.m._, note-book, memorandum-book. =caler=, _v.a._, (nav.) to lower, to strike; to support, to wedge up. _— les voiles_; to strike sail. _Cale tout!_ let go amain! _— la voile_; to yield, to sing small. =caler=, _v.n._, to have more or less draught, to sink. _Ce navire cale trop_; that ship draws too much water. _—_; (at marbles) to knuckle down. _—_; (school) to keep away from. =calfait=, _n.m._, (nav.) calking iron. =calfat=, _n.m._, (nav.) calker. =calfatage=, _n.m._, (nav.) calking. =calfater=, _v.a._, (nav.) to calk. =calfatin=, _n.m._, (nav.) calker’s boy. =calfeutrage=, _n.m._, stopping of chinks. =calfeutrer=, _v.a._, to stop up the chinks, to make air tight. _se_ =calfeutrer=, _v.r._, to be stopped up (of chinks); to be made air tight. =calibre=, _n.m._, caliber, bore (of a gun); caliber, size (of a bullet); diameter of a body; kind, sort, stamp; caliber. =calibrer=, _v.a._, to give the caliber to, to take the caliber of; to proportion. =calice=, _n.m._, chalice, communion-cup; (bot.) calyx, flower-cup; grief, sacrifice. _Boire le — jusqu’à la lie_; to drink the cup to the dregs. _Boire_, _avaler_, _le —_; to swallow the pill. =calicinal=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) calycinal, calycine. =calicot=, _n.m._, calico; counter-jumper. =califat=, _n.m._, califate, caliphate, kalifate. =calife=, _n.m._, calif, caliph, kalif. _à_ =califourchon=, _adv._, astride, astraddle. =califourchon=, _n.m._, hobby. _C’est son —_; it is his hobby. =câlin=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, wheedler, cajoler. _C’est une petite —e_; she is a little wheedler. =câlin=, =-e=, _adj._, wheedling, cajoling, caressing, coaxing, fondling. _Cet homme a l’air —_; that man has a wheedling look about him. =câliner=, _v.a._, to fondle, to cajole, to wheedle. _se_ =câliner=, _v.r._, to coddle one’s self, to take one’s ease, to give one’s self up to indolence, to nurse one’s self. =câlinerie=, _n.f._, wheedling, cajolery, fondling, caressing. =caliorne=, _n.f._, (nav.) winding-tackle. =calleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, callous, hard, horny. =calligraphe=, _n.m._, caligraphist, good penman. =calligraphie=, _n.f._, caligraphy, calligraphy, penmanship. =calligraphique=, _adj._, caligraphic. =callisthénie=, _n.f._, calisthenics. =callosité= (kal-lo-), _n.f._, callousness; callosity. =calmande=, _n.f._, calamanco; woolen stuff; (ich.) whiff. =calmant=, _n.m._, (med.) composing draught; anodyne, sedative. =calmant=, =-e=, _adj._, anodyne, calming, soothing. =calmar=, _n.m._, ☉pen-case; (ich.) calamary. =calme=, _adj._, still, quiet, serene, calm; dispassionate, unruffled, composed, collected; (com.) dull. =calme=, _n.m._, stillness, calmness, tranquillity, quiet, calm, composure. _— plat_; (nav.) dead calm. _se_ =calmer=, _v.r._, to become calm, to calm one’s self; to compose one’s self; to get appeased, to blow over, to subside, to abate. =calmer=, _v.a._, to still, to quiet, to appease, to allay, to pacify, to calm, to soothe. =calmer=, _v.n._, (nav.) to lull, to fall to a calm. _Le vent calme_; the wind is dropping. =calmie=, _n.f._, (nav.) lull. =calomel= _or_ =calomélas=, _n.m._, calomel. =calomniat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, calumniator, slanderer. =calomnie=, _n.f._, calumny, slander. =calomnier=, _v.a._, to calumniate, to slander. =calomnieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, calumniously, slanderously. =calomnieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, calumnious, slanderous. =calonière=, _n.f._, (pop.) pop-gun. _V._ =canonnière=. =calorifère=, _n.m._, hot-air stove or pipe. =calorimètre=, _n.m._, calorimeter. =calorifique=, _adj._, calorific. =calorique=, _n.m._, caloric, heat. =calotte=, _n.f._, calotte, smoking-cap; skull-cap (of priests); (surg.) head-piece; (anat.) pan (of the brain); (arch.) calotte; box on the ears; cap of valve (mech.). _La — rouge d’un cardinal_; the red calotte of a cardinal. _Donner des —s à_; to box any one’s ears. =calotter=, _v.a._, to box the ears of. =calottier=, _n.m._, calotte-maker; cap-maker. =caloyer=, _n.m._, caloyer (Greek monk). =calque=, _n.m._, tracing, calquing; imitation, copy. =calquer=, _v.a._, to counter-draw, to trace; to copy, to imitate closely. _— à la pointe_; to trace with a point. _— à la vitre_; to counter-draw on glass. =calquoir=, _n.m._, tracing-point. =calumet=, _n.m._, pipe, calumet. =calus= (-luss), _n.m._, callus; callousness; callosity; (med.) callus. =calvaire=, _n.m._, mount Calvary; a calvary. =calvanier=, _n.m._, (agri.) day-laborer, stacker. =calville=, _n.m._, calville (apple). =calvinien=, =-ne= (-i-in, -i-è-n), _adj._, Calvinistic. =calvinisme=, _n.m._, Calvinism. =calviniste=, _n.m._, Calvinist. =calviniste=, _adj._, Calvinistic. =calvitie= (-sî), _n.f._, baldness. _— des paupières_; loss of the eye-lashes. =camaïeu=, _n.f._, cameo; (paint.) camaieu; cameo brooch; monotonous play. *=camail=, _n.m._, (_—s_) hood, capuchin, cardinal (garment); bishop’s purple ornament worn over the rochet. =camaldule=, _n.m._, monk of the Order of St. Benedict. =camarade=, _n.m.f._, comrade, fellow, mate, chum; female companion; playmate, play-fellow; fellow-laborer; fellow-servant. _— de collège_; college companion. _— de classe_; school-fellow. _— de lit_; bed-fellow. _— de voyage_; fellow-traveler. _— de malheur_; fellow-sufferer. _— de chambre_; chum. =camaraderie=, _n.f._, companionship, intimacy, close friendship; coterie, clique; party spirit. =camard=, =-e=, _adj._, flat-nosed, snub; flat. =camard=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, flat-nosed person. _La —e_; (pop.) death. *=camarilla=, _n.f._, camarilla (a coterie). =camarine=, _n.f._, (bot.) crow-berry. =cambiste=, _n.m._, cambist. =cambouis=, _n.m._, coom, cart-grease. =cambre=, _n.f._, cambering, curving, arching. =cambré=, =-e=, _part._, bent, cambering, having a fall (in the back); arched, well-set. _Pont de navire —_; cambering deck. =cambrer=, _v.a._, to bend, to curve, to arch. _— la forme d’un soulier_; to give the bend to a last, to block (boots). _se_ =cambrer=, _v.r._, to camber; to take a sweep; to warp; to draw one’s self up (by throwing the chest forward). *=cambrillon=, _n.m._, stiffener (of a shoe). =cambrioleu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, house-thief; house-breaker; burglar. =cambriolage=, _n.m._, house-entering, house-breaking; burglary. =cambrure=, _n.f._, bend, flexure, incurvation, arch, curve. =cambuse=, _n.f._, (nav.) store-room. =cambusier=, _n.m._, (nav.) steward’s mate, store-keeper. =came=, _n.f._, (conch.) chama; heart-cockle; (tech.) peg-cam; cog. _V._ =chame=. =camée=, _n.m._, a cameo. =camélée=, _n.f._, (bot.) widow-wail. =caméléon=, _n.m._, chameleon. =caméléopard=, _n.m._, camelopard. =camélia= _or_ =camellia=, _n.m._, (bot.) camelia. =cameline=, _n.f._, (bot.) camelina, gold of pleasure. =camelot= (-lô), _n.m._, (stuff) camlet; cheap Jack, peddler, hawker; (of newspapers) news-boy, paper-boy. =camelote= (-lott), _n.f._, worthless merchandise, trash, stuff; bosh. =camelotine=, _n.f._, a sort of camlet. =camérier=, _n.m._, chamberlain (of the pope). =camériste=, _n.f._, maid of honor; waiting-woman, lady’s maid; chambermaid. =camerlingat=, _n.m._, camerlingate (at Rome). =camerlingue=, _n.m._, camerlingo (papal officer). =camion=, _n.m._, minikin-pin; little cart; truck; dray, wagon; (paint.) kettle. =camionnage=, _n.m._, carting, carriage (in a dray). =camionneur=, _n.m._, drayman. ☉=camisade=, _n.f._, (milit.) night attack, camisade. =camisard=, _n.m._, Camisard (French Calvinist). =camisole=, _n.f._, petticoat bodice. _— de force_; strait waistcoat _or_ jacket. *=camomille=, _n.f._, camomile. =camouflet=, _n.m._, whiff of smoke (in the face); affront, snub; rap over the knuckles. =camp= (kān), _n.m._, camp; (fig.) army, party. _Lever le —_; to break up the camp. _Prendre le —_; to pack off. *=campagnard=, =-e=, _adj._, rustic, countrified, rural. *=campagnard=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, countryman, peasant; clodhopper, clown. _C’est une —e_; she is a hoyden. *=campagne=, _n.f._, country, fields, plain; seat, estate, country-house; field, campaign; (nav.) voyage, cruise. _Gens de la —_; peasantry. _Comédiens de —_; strolling players. _En pleine_ or _rase —_; in the open country, plain. _Battre la —_; to scour the country; to wander about; to be delirious; to blunder, to bungle. _Les armées sont en —_; the armies have taken the field. _Pièces de —_; field pieces. _Faire une —_; to make a campaign. _Ouvrir la —_; to open the campaign. _Tenir la —_; to keep the field. _Mettre ses amis en —_; to set one’s friends to work. _— de croisière_; cruising voyage. _Être à la —_; to be in the country. _Être en —_; to be in the field; to be at work; to be out (not at home). _La — de Rome_; the campagna. _Parties de —_; picnics. *=campagnol=, _n.m._, field-mouse. =campane=, _n.f._, (arch.) bell; (sculp.) ornament with fringe and tassels. =campanelle= _or_ =campanette=, _n.f._, bell-flower, Canterbury-bell. =campanile=, _n.m._, (arch.) campanile, bell-tower. =campanule=, _n.f._, campanula, bell-flower. _— gantelée_; throat-wort. _— raiponce_; rampion bell-flower. _— à feuilles rondes_; hare-bell. =campanulé=, =-e=, _adj._, campanulate, bell-shaped. =campé=, =-e=, _part._, encamped; (fig.) well set up. _Bien — sur ses jambes_; firmly planted on his legs. =campêche=, _n.m._, (bot.) campeachy wood, logwood, blood-wood. =campement= (kānp-mān), _n.m._, (milit.) encampment, encamping; camp detachment. _Matériel de —_; camping apparatus. _Effets de —_; camping baggage. =camper=, _v.n._, to encamp, to pitch tents. _Faire — son armée_; to encamp one’s army. =camper=, _v.a._, to camp, to seat, to fix, to stand before, to clap down. _— là quelqu’un_; to leave any one in the lurch. _se_ =camper=, _v.r._, to stand before, to sit down, to clap one’s self down. _Il se campa dans un fauteuil_; he sat himself down in an arm-chair. _— devant une glace_; to stand bravely before a mirror. ☉=camphorata=, _n.f._ _V._ =camphrée=. =camphre=, _n.m._, camphor. =camphré=, =-e=, _adj._, camphorate, camphorated. =camphrée=, _n.f._, camphorosma. =camphrier=, _n.m._, (bot.) camphor-tree. =campine=, _n.m._, fine fat pullet. =campos=, _n.m._, play-day, holiday, relaxation. _Les écoliers demandent —_; the boys ask for a holiday. _Prendre —_; to take a holiday. =camus=, =-e=, _adj._, flat-nosed; disappointed, baulked; dumbfounded. _Un vilain —_; an ugly flat-nosed fellow. _La —e_; (pop.) death, grim death. *=canaille=, _n.f._, rabble, riff-raff, mob; scum; scoundrel; noisy children, brats. _Hors d’ici, —!_ begone, you scoundrel! _Vile —_; miserable scum. _Ces —s de domestiques_; these rascally servants! =canaillerie=, _n.f._, blackguardism. =canal=, _n.m._, canal, pipe; conduit, duct; drain; tube; spout; watercourse (of water-mills); channel, bed, strait; (arch.) fluting, means. _Creuser un —_; to dig a canal. _Ce pays est tout coupé de canaux_; that country is quite intersected with canals. _— latéral_, _— de dérivation_; lateral drain. _— de cheminée_; chimney-flue. _— d’irrigation_; trench for irrigation. _— thoracique_; thoracic duct. _— de larmier_; (arch.) channel of a coping. _Il est le — de toutes les grâces_; all favors come through him. _Faire —_; to cross a strait. =canaliculé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) channeled, furrowed. =canalisation=, _n.f._, canalization. =canaliser=, _v.a._, to establish canals, to intersect with canals. =canamelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) sugar-cane; reed. =canapé=, _n.m._, sofa, couch. =canaque=, _adj._, Kanaka, wild, savage. =canard=, _n.m._, drake, duck; hoax; water-spaniel. _— privé_; tame duck. _— ordinaire_; mallard. _Dire des —s à_; to hoax. _Cet homme est un — privé_; that man is a sort of decoy-duck. =canard=, =-e=, _adj._, for ducks. _Bâtiment —_; vessel that pitches. _Chien —_; water-spaniel. =canardeau=, _n.m._, young duck. =canarder=, _v.a._, to shoot from under a shelter; to hoax, to gammon. =canarder=, _v.n._, (nav.) to pitch (of a ship); (mus.) to goose. ☉=canardier=, _n.m._, wild-duck shooter; hoaxer. =canardière=, _n.f._, place for catching wild-ducks; loop-hole (to shoot through); duck-gun; decoy-pond. =canari=, _n.m._, canary, canary-bird; flat. =cancan=, _n.m._, tittle-tattle; scandal; tale-bearing; noise; indecent dance. _Faire des —s_; to tittle-tattle, to invent scandalous stories. =cancaner=, _v.n._, to tattle, to invent scandalous stories; to dance the cancan. =cancani-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, lover of tittle-tattle. =cancer= (-sèr), _n.m._, (med., astron.) cancer. =cancéreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) cancerous. =cancre=, _n.m._, crab, cray-fish; miser; dunce (at school). =cancrelat=, _n.m._, cockroach. =candélabre=, _n.m._, candelabrum, sconce. =candeur=, _n.f._, openness of heart, frankness, candor, ingenuousness. =candi=, _n.m._, sugar-candy, candy. =candi=, =-e=, _adj._, candied. =candidat=, _n.m._, candidate. =candidature=, _n.f._, candidature. =candide=, _adj._, fair, open, frank, candid, ingenuous, sincere. =candidement= (-mān), _adv._, openly, frankly, candidly. _se_ =candir=, _v.r._, to candy. _Faire se —_; to candy. =cane=, _n.f._, female duck. =canéficier=, _n.m._, cassia-tree. _V._ =casse=. =canepetière=, _n.f._, (orni.) lesser bustard. =canepin= (ka-n-pin), _n.m._, kid skin (for gloves). =caner=, _v.n._, to shirk danger, to funk, to show the white feather. =caner=, _v.a._, to leave undone, shirk. =canescent=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) canescent. =caneter=, _v.n._, to waddle. =caneton= (ka-n-ton), _n.m._, young duck, duckling. =canette=, _n.f._, small duck, young duck; (her.) duck without legs; a measure for beer; (pop.) marbles. =canevas= (ka-n-vâ), _n.m._, canvas; sail-cloth; sketch, rough draught; (mus.) canvas. _Tracer son —_; to prepare one’s ground-work. _Faire le — d’une comédie_; to sketch out, to compose the skeleton of a play. =canezou=, _n.m._, woman’s jacket. ☉=cangrène=, _n.f._ _V._ =gangrène=. =cangue=, _n.f._, a kind of pillory used in China. =caniche=, _n.m.f._, poodle-dog, water-spaniel. =caniculaire=, _adj._, canicular. _Les jours —s_; the dog-days. =canicule=, _n.f._, dog-days; (astron.) canicule, dog-star. =canif=, _n.m._, penknife. =canin=, =-e=, _adj._, canine. _Dent —e_; canine tooth. _Lettre —e_; the letter R. =caniveau=, _n.m._, (arch.) channel-stone. =cannage=, _n.m._, (l.u.) cane-work; caning. =cannaie=, _n.f._, cane-brake, cane-field. =canne=, _n.f._, walking-stick; long measure; cane, reed; glassblower’s pipe. _— à sucre_; sugar-cane. _— à épée_; sword-stick. _— à vent_; air-gun. =canneberge= (-bèrj), _n.f._, cranberry, moorberry. =cannelas= (-lâ), _n.m._, cinnamon, candied cinnamon. =canneler=, _v.a._, to flute, to channel, to groove. =cannelle=, _n.f._, cinnamon bark. _— blanche_; canella. =cannelle= _or_ =cannette=, _n.f._, spigot; tap, cock. =cannelier=, _n.m._, cinnamon-tree. =cannelon= (ka-n-lon), _n.m._, fluted mold (for ices). =cannelure=, _n.f._, channeling, fluting, grooving. _— à côtes_; fluting with intervals. _— avec rudentures_; fluting enriched with cables. _— à vive arête_; fluting without intervals. _—s plates_; square fluting. =cannequin=, _n.m._, sort of cotton stuff. *=cannetille=, _n.f._, wire-ribbon. =cannibale= (can-ni-bal), _n.m._, man-eater, cannibal. =cannibalisme=, _n.m._, cannibalism; ferocity. =canon=, _n.m._, cannon, gun; cylinder, tube, pipe; barrel (of a gun, of a quill); (ecc.) canon law, rule; catalogue of saints; (mus.) canon; (print.) canon; (man.) canon-bit; leg (of trousers). _L’âme d’un —_; the chamber of a cannon. _La lumière_, _la culasse_, _le recul_, _d’un —_; the touch-hole, the breech, the recoil, of a cannon. _L’affût d’un —_; a gun-carriage. _Enclouer un —_; to spike a gun. _Une pièce de —_; a piece of ordnance. _Gros —_; (print.) canon. _Petit —_; (print.) two-line English. _— de dix livres_; ten-pounder. _Un coup de —_; a cannon-shot. _De la poudre à —_; gunpowder. _Être à portée de —_; to be within cannon-shot. _Être hors de portée de —_; to be beyond cannon range. _— de retraite_; (milit.) gun-fire; (nav.) stern-chaser. _— démarré_; cannon drawn in to be loaded. _— rayé_; rifled gun. _À — rayé_; rifled, rifle-barreled. _— renforcé_; cannon whose breech is thicker than its bore. _— d’un soufflet_; nose, nozzle pipe of a pair of bellows. _— de gouttière_; spout of a gutter. _Les —s d’un concile_; the canons of a council. _Ecole de droit —_; school of canon law. _— des Ecritures_; the sacred canon. _Le — de la messe_; the canon of the mass. _— enluminé_; illuminated canon. =canonial=, =-e=, _adj._, canonical. =canonicat=, _n.m._, canonry, canonship, prebend; (fig.) sinecure. =canonicité=, _n.f._, canonicity. =canonique=, _adj._, canonical. =canoniquement= (-mān), _adv._, canonically. =canonisation=, _n.f._, canonization. =canoniser=, _v.a._, to canonize. =canoniste=, _n.m._, canonist. =canonnade=, _n.f._, cannonading, cannonade. =canonnage=, _n.m._, gunnery. =canonner=, _v.a._, to attack with heavy artillery, to cannonade. _se_ =canonner=, _v.r._, to cannonade. =canonnier=, _n.m._, gunner. =canonnière=, _n.f._, _adj._, ☉loop-hole; tent; tilt; drain-hole; pop-gun. _—_, or _chaloupe —_ (nav.); gun-boat. =canot=, _n.m._, ship’s-boat, cutter, yawl. _— de sauvetage_; life-boat. =canotage=, _n.m._, boating, aquatics. =canotier=, _n.m._, rower, oarsman; boat-keeper; bargeman; straw hat. =cantabile= (-lé), _n.m._, (mus.) cantabile. =cantal=, _n.m._, cantal (sort of cheese). =cantalabre=, _n.m._, door-case, casing. =cantaloup=, _n.m._, musk-melon. =cantate=, _n.f._, (mus.) cantata. *=cantatille=, _n.f._, cantatilla. =cantatrice=, _n.f._, eminent singer. =cantharide=, _n.f._, (ent.) cantharis, Spanish fly; (pharm.) (_pl._) cantharides. =canthus=, _n.m._, (anat.) canthus, corner of the eye. =cantilène=, _n.f._, (mus.) cantilena, melody. =cantine=, _n.f._, bottle-case; (milit.) canteen. =cantini-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, sutler, canteen-woman. =cantique=, _n.m._, song, canticle, hymn. =canton=, _n.m._, canton, district; (her.) canton. =cantonade=, _n.f._, (theat.) wings. _Parler à la —_; to speak to an actor off the stage; (fig.) to speak to empty benches. =cantonal=, =-e=, _adj._, cantonal. =cantonné=, =-e=, _adj._, (arch., her., milit.) cantoned. =cantonnement= (-to-n-mān), _n.m._, (milit.), cantonment. =cantonner=, _v.a._, (milit.) to canton. _se_ =cantonner=, _v.r._, to take up a position, quarters, abode; to fortify one’s self. =cantonner=, _v.n._, (milit.) to be cantoned. =cantonnier=, _n.m._, road-man; (rail.) plate-layer; signal-man. =cantonnière=, _n.f._, signal-woman; valance. =canule=, _n.f._, clyster-pipe, injection tube; faucet, quill; (fig.) bore, plague. =canzone=, _n.f._, (mus.) canzone. =caolin=, _n.m._ _V._ =kaolin=. =caoutchouc=, _n.m._, caoutchouc, India-rubber; (bot.) gum-tree. =cap=, _n.m._, cape, headland, point, promontory, foreland; (nav.) head. _Doubler un —_; to double a cape. _Où est le —?_ (nav.) how is her head? _Mettre le — sur_; to steer for. _Avoir le — au large_; to stand off. _De pied en —_; from top to toe. =capable=, _adj._, able, fit, capable; calculated to, apt to. _Il est — de vous desservir_; he is capable of doing you an ill office. _Il est — de tout_; he is capable of any thing. _C’est un homme —_; he is a clever man. _Avoir l’air —_; to put on a conceited, bumptious, knowing look. _Faire le —_; to affect capability, to look as if you were in the know. _Prendre un air —_; to assume a knowing look. =capablement=, _adv._, (l.u.) ably, skillfully. =capacité=, _n.f._, extent, size, capaciousness; ability, capacity; (nav.) bulk, burden, tonnage. _Manquer de —_; to lack capacity. =caparaçon=, _n.m._, caparison, trappings. =caparaçonner=, _v.a._, to caparison (a horse). =cape=, _n.f._, cloak with a hood; riding-hood; cape; (nav.) try-sail. _Rire sous —_; to laugh in one’s sleeve. _N’avoir que la — et l’épée_; to be titled, but penniless. _Roman de — et d’épée_; romantic, melodramatic story. _Être à la —_; (nav.) to try, to be lying to. _À la —!_ bring to! =capéer=, _v.n._, (nav.) to lie to. =capelan=, _n.m._, beggarly priest; (ich.) caplin. =capelet=, _n.m._, (vet.) capped hock. =capeline=, _n.f._, hood; (of armor) capeline. =capendu=, _n.m._, capender (apple). =caperon=. _V._ =capron=. =capharnaüm=, _n.f._, (_—s_) (fig. fam.) place of confusion; Babel, bear-garden. =capillaire= (-pil-lèr), _adj._, capillary. =capillaire=, _n.m._, (anat.) capillary; (bot.) maiden-hair; Venus’s-hair. _Sirop de —_; capillaire. =capillarité=, _n.f._, (phys.) capillarity, capillary attraction or repulsion. =capilotade=, _n.f._, hash, ragout; thrashing, drubbing; slandering. _Mettre quelqu’un en —_; to beat black and blue. =capitaine=, _n.m._, captain. _— d’infanterie_; infantry captain. _— de cavalerie_; captain of cavalry. _— de vaisseau_; post-captain. _— au long cours_; captain of a trading vessel (going to foreign parts). _— de pavillon_; flag-captain. _— d’armes_; master-at-arms. _— de port_; harbor-master. _Grade de —_; captaincy. =capitainerie=, _n.f._, captaincy. =capital=, =-e=, _adj._, capital, main, chief, leading, important. _Les sept péchés capitaux_; the seven capital sins. _Peine —e_; capital punishment. =capital=, _n.m._, capital; principal; stock. _Mettre un — à fonds perdu_; to sink a capital. _Rembourser le —_; to reimburse the principal. =capitale=, _n.f._, capital, chief city; capital letter. =capitalisation=, _n.f._, capitalization. =capitaliser=, _v.a._, to capitalize. _Se —_, _v.r._, to be capitalized. =capitaliste=, _n.m._, capitalist, moneyed man. =capitan=, _n.m._, braggadocio, swaggerer, bully. =capitane=, _n.f._, (nav.) admiral’s galley. =capitan-pacha=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) Turkish admiral. =capitation=, _n.f._, capitation, poll-tax. =capiteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, heady, strong. _Bière —se_; strong beer. _Vin —_; heavy wine. =capitole=, _n.m._, Capitol (of Rome, of the United States). =capitolin=, _adj._, capitoline. =capiton=, _n.m._, (com.) cappadine. =capitonner=, _v.a._, to stuff, to pad (armchairs, &c.); to tuft, to button. ☉=capitoul=, _n.m._, capitoul (alderman, town-councillor at Toulouse). ☉=capitoulat=, _n.m._, capitoulship. =capitulaire=, _adj._, capitulary. =capitulaire=, _n.m._, capitular, capitulary. =capitulairement= (-lèr-mān), _adv._, capitularly. =capitulant=, _adj._, capitulary. =capitulant=, _n.m._, capitular, capitulary. =capitulation=, _n.f._, capitulation; convention, compromise. _Amener à une —_; to bring to terms. _— de conscience_; a conscientious compromise. =capitule=, _n.m._, capitule (part of the Liturgy). =capituler=, _v.n._, to capitulate, to compound. _— avec sa conscience_; to compound with one’s conscience, to silence it by concessions. =caplan=, (ich.). _V._ =capelan=. =capon=, _n.m._, mean fellow, sneak; cheat, coward; (nav.) cat-tackle. _Poulie de —_; cat-block. =caponner=, _v.n._, to trick, to cheat; to be cowardly, to hang back. =caponner=, _v.a._, (nav.) to cat (the anchor). =caponnière=, _n.f._, (fort.) rifle-pit. =caporal=, _n.m._, corporal; (of tobacco) sort of “shag.” =capot=, _n.m._, (nav.) hood (of ladders). =capot=, _adj._, capot (at cards); silly. _Faire —_; to capot, to win all the tricks, to beat hollow. _Être —_; to have lost all the tricks; (fig.) to look foolish; to be balked. _Faire —_; (nav.) to capsize, to upset. =capote=, _n.f._, large cloak with a hood; (soldier’s) great-coat; capuchin, hood, mantle. =capraire=, _n.f._, (bot.) goat-weed, capraria. =câpre=, _n.f._, (bot.) caper. =capriçant= _or_ =caprisant=, _adj._, (med.) bounding, unequal (of the pulse). =caprice=, _n.m._, caprice, whim, humor, freak; fit, flight, sally; (mus.) caprice. _Les —s de la mode_; the caprices, freaks of fashion. _Les —s de la fortune_; the fickleness of fortune. _Composer de —_; to compose when the spirit moves, when the fit is on. =capricieusement= (-mān), _adv._, capriciously, fantastically, whimsically. =capricieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, capricious, whimsical, fickle, freakish, skittish. =capricorne=, _n.m._, (astron.) Capricorn; (ent.) capricorn-beetle. =câprier=, _n.m._, (bot.) caper-bush. =caprification=, _n.f._, caprification. =caprifiguier= (-ghié), _n.m._, wild fig-tree. =capripède=, _n.m._, goat-footed; satyr. =capron= _or_ =caperon=, _n.m._, the hautbois-strawberry. =capronier=, _n.m._, the hautbois-strawberry plant. =capselle=, _n.f._, (bot.) cassweed; shepherd’s pouch. =capsulaire=, _adj._ (bot.) capsulary; (anat.) capsular. =capsule=, _n.f._, (bot.) capsule, pod; (anat.) capsula; percussion, cap (of fire-arms). ☉=captal=, _n.m._, chief, lord. =captateur=, _n.m._, (jur.) inveigler (one who uses undue influence). =captation=, _n.f._, inveigling, undue influence, captation. =captatoire=, _adj._, inveigling. =capter=, _v.a._, to court, to coax, to win by bribery. _— la bienveillance de quelqu’un_; to curry the favor of any one. _— les suffrages_; to bribe, to win unfairly, to get by bribery. =captieusement= (-sieûz-mān), _adv._, captiously, insidiously, cunningly, deceitfully. =captieu-x=, =-se= (-cieu-), _adj._, captious, insidious. =capti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, captive. =capti-f=, _n.m._, =-ve=, _n.f._, captive. =captiver=, _v.a._, to captivate, to charm, to enslave; to bring under. _— l’attention_; to captivate attention. _La beauté qui le captive_; the beauty that enslaves him. _— la bienveillance_; to win any one’s favor. _se_ =captiver=, _v.r._, to lay a restraint upon oneself; to cling to (tenaciously); (fig.) to cringe, to fawn upon. =captivité=, _n.f._, captivity, bondage. _Racheter de —_; to ransom from captivity. =capture=, _n.f._, capture, seizure; prize, booty. =capturer=, _v.a._, to capture; to apprehend, to arrest. =capuce=, _n.f._, _or_ =capuchon=, _n.m._, hood, cowl. =capuchonné=, =-e=, _adj._, hooded. =capuchonner=, _v.a._, (man.) to arch the neck (of a horse). =capucin=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, capuchin friar, capuchin nun. _Tomber comme des —s de cartes_; to tumble over one another. =capucinade=, _n.f._, stupid sermon. =capucine=, _n.f._, (bot.) nasturtium; (nav.) standard; band (of a soldier’s musket). =capucinière=, _n.f._, (b.s.) capuchin friary. =capulet=, _n.m._, hood, cap. =caput-mortuum=, _n.m._, (chem.) caput-mortuum; worthless remains. =caquage=, _n.m._, dressing and curing of herrings; barreling (of powder). =caque=, _n.f._, keg, barrel. _La — sent toujours le hareng_; what is bred in the bone will never come out of the flesh. =caquer=, _v.a._, to cure; to barrel. =caquet=, _n.m._, cackle (of geese, &c.); tittle-tattle, idle talk, gossip, scandal. _Avoir bien du —_; to be a chatter-box. _Rabattre_, _rabaisser_, _le — a quelqu’un_; to take anyone down a peg or two. _— bon bec_; dame prattler. =caquetage= (kak-taj), _n.m._, tattling, cackling. =caquète=, _n.f._, carp-tub. =caqueter= (kak-té), _v.n._, to cackle, to chatter, to gossip, to babble. =caqueterie= (kak-trî), _n.f._, babbling, prattling, gossiping. =caqueteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, prattler, tattler, idle prater, gossip. =caqueur=, _n.m._, fish-curer. =car=, _conj._, for, because, as. =carabé=, _n.m._, yellow, amber. =carabin=, _n.m._, saw-bones, medical student. =carabinade=, _n.f._, (l.u.) (student’s, soldier’s) trick; discharge of carbines. =carabinage=, _n.m._, rifling. =carabine=, _n.f._, carbine, rifle. =carabiné=, =-e=, _adj._, rifled; (nav.) stiff (of the wind). ☉=carabiner=, _v.n._, to skirmish. =carabiner=, _v.a._, to rifle a gun-barrel. =carabinier=, _n.m._, carabineer, rifleman. =caraco=, _n.m._, woman’s jacket. =caracole=, _n.f._, (man.) circling caracole. _En —_; winding. =caracoler=, _v.n._, to caracole, to circle. =caracouler=, _v.n._, to coo. _V._ =roucouler=. =caractère=, _n.m._, character, letter, type, print; hand-writing; stamp, badge, mark, dignity, temper, humor, spirit, expression; aspect; (arith.) digit; charm, spell. _— lisible_; legible print. _Beaux —s_; fine type. _Le — d’un auteur_; the stamp of an author. _Un homme d’un bon —_; a good-natured man. _Ne pas démentir son —_; to act up to one’s character. _Il est sorti de son —_; he lost his temper. _Avoir_, _montrer_, _du —_; to have spirit, to show spirit. _C’est un homme à —_; he is a spirited, determined man. =caractériser=, _v.a._, to characterize, describe, define, mark, distinguish. =caractéristique=, _adj._, characteristic. =caractéristique=, _n.f._, (gram., math.) characteristic; (logarithms) index. =carafe=, _n.f._, decanter, flagon, water-bottle. =carafon=, _n.m._, cooler; small decanter; quarter bottle. *=caragne=, _n.f._, aromatic resin, caranna. =caraïte=, _n.m._, caraite (Jewish sectarian). =carambolage=, _n.m._, (billiards) cannon; (pop.) affray, shindy; (fig.) rebound (against). =caramboler=, _v.n._, (billiards) to cannon. =caramboleur=, _n.m._, good cannon-player. =caramel=, _n.m._, burnt sugar, caramel. _— au beurre_; butter-scotch, toffee. =carapace=, _n.f._, turtle-shell, carapace. =carapat=, _n.m._, oil of palma Christi. =caraque=, _n.f._, carack (Portuguese Indiaman). =caracas=, _n.m._, cocoa. =carat=, _n.m._, (gold) carat; small diamonds sold by weight. =caratch=, _n.m._ (_n.p._), tribute. =caravane=, _n.f._, caravan, convoy. _Marcher en —_; to walk in a band. _Faire ses —s_; to lead a dissipated life. =caravanier=, _n.m._, leader of caravan. *=caravansérail=, _n.m._, a caravansary (inn). =caravanséraskier=, _n.m._, keeper of a caravansary. =caravelle=, _n.f._, caravel (Portuguese boat). =carbatine=, _n.f._, green hide, skin. =carbazotique=, _adj._, (chem.) carbazotic. =carbonarisme=, _n.m._, carbonarism. =carbonaro=, _n.m._, carbonaro. =carbonate=, _n.m._, (chem.) carbonate. ☉=carboncle=. _V._ =escarboucle=; =furoncle=; =rubis=. =carbone=, _n.m._, (chem.) carbon. =carboné=, =-e=, _adj._, carbonated. =carboneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (chem.) carbonaceous. =carbonique=, _adj._, carbonic. =carbonisation=, _n.f._, carbonization. =carboniser=, _v.a._, to carbonize. =carbonnade=, _n.f._, (cook.) carbonade. =carburateur=, _n.m._, carburettor (motor). =carbure=, _n.m._, (chem.) carburet, carbide. =carburé=, =-e=, _adj._, (chem.) carbureted. =carcajou=, _n.m._, American badger. =carcan=, _n.m._, iron collar; carcan (pillory); carcanet (collar of jewels). =carcasse=, _n.f._, carcass, skeleton, bones; (arch.) shell, framework; body; fish-basket. =carcinomateu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) carcinomatous. =carcinome=, _n.m._, (med.) carcinoma. =cardage=, _n.m._, act of carding, carding. =cardamine=, _n.f._, (bot.) land-cress, lady’s smock. =cardamome=, _n.m._, (bot.) cardamom. =cardasse=, _n.f._, (bot.) nopal. =carde=, _n.f._, chard (stalk in the leaves of some plants); card (instrument for combing wool or flax); carding machine. =cardée=, _n.f._, quantity carded. =carde-poirée=, _n.f._, (bot.) chard of beet. =carder=, _v.a._, to card, to comb. _Se —_; to be carded. =cardère=, _n.f._, (bot.) teasel. =carderie=, _n.f._, carding-house; card-manufactory. =cardeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, carder, wool-comber. =cardiaire=, _adj._ (zoöl.) _Ver —_; a parasite bred in the heart. (bot.) _V._ =cardère=; =chardon à foulon=. =cardialgie=, _n.f._, cardialgy, heartburn. =cardialogie=, _n.f._, cardiology. =cardiaque=, _n.m._, (med.) cardiac. =cardiaque=, _adj._, (med., anat.) cardiac. =cardier=, _n.m._, wool card-maker. =cardinal=, _adj._, cardinal, chief, principal, first. =cardinal=, _n.m._, cardinal; (orni.) cardinal. =cardinalat=, _n.m._, cardinalate, cardinalship. =cardinale=, _n.f._, (bot.) cardinal flower. =cardine=, _n.f._, (ich.) flat-fish, whiff. =cardon=, _n.m._, (bot.) cardoon. =cardonnette=, _n.f._ _V._ =chardonnette=. =carême=, _n.m._, Lent, Lent-sermons. _Faire le —_; to keep Lent. _Provisions de —_; fish and vegetables. _Cela vient comme marée en —_; that comes in the very nick of time. _Face de —_; pale or wan face. _Arriver comme mars en —_; to be sure to happen; to come like clock-work. _Arriver comme marée en —_; to come in the nick of time. =carême-prenant=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) carnival time; Shrove Tuesday; masker; reveler. =carénage=, _n.m._, careening. =carence=, _n.f._, (jur.) absence of assets, insolvency. _Procès-verbal de —_; declaration of insolvency. =carène=, _n.f._, (nav.) keel; bottom, careen; (bot.) keel. _Demi-—_; (nav.) parliament-heel. _En —_; keel-shaped. =caréné=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) keeled, keel-shaped. =caréner=, _v.a._, (nav.) to careen. =caressant=, =-e=, _adj._, caressing, endearing, fond, tender; fawning. =caresse=, _n.f._, caress, endearment. _Il ne faut pas se fier aux —s de la fortune_; we must not trust to the smiles of fortune. =caressé=, =-e=, _part._, caressed; polished, finished off, chiseled. _Ces tableaux sont très —s_; these pictures have a peculiar richness of finish. =caresser=, _v.a._, to caress, to fondle, to stroke; to fawn upon, to make much of, to flatter, to cajole, to wheedle. _— l’orgueil de quelqu’un_; to pamper any one’s pride. _— une chimère_; to cherish, to hug, a visionary scheme. =caret=, _n.m._, rope-maker’s reel; (erpetology) tortoise. _Fil de —_; rope-yarn. =carex= (-rèks), _n.m._, (bot.) carex. =cargaison=, _n.f._, cargo, ship-load, freight. =cargue= (karg), _n.f._, (nav.) brail. =carguer= (-ghè), _v.a._, (nav.) to brail up, to clew up. _— une voile_; to clew up a sail. =cargueur= (-gheur), _n.m._, (nav.) reefer; top-block. =cariatide=, _n.f._, (arch.) caryatide. =caribou=, _n.m._, (mam.) caribou. =caricature=, _n.f._, caricature. =caricaturer=, _v.a._, to caricature, to ridicule. =caricaturiste=, _n.m._, caricaturist. =carie=, _n.f._, brown rust; fire-blast; (med.) caries, decay. =carier=, _v.a._, to make carious, to rot. _se_ =carier=, _v.r._, to grow carious, rotten. _Dent cariée_; carious tooth. *=carillon=, _n.m._, chime, peal; musical bells, chimes; clutter, racket. _À double —_; soundly, lustily. _Le — des verres_; the jingling of glasses. *=carillonnement=, _n.m._, chiming, jingling. *=carillonner=, _v.n._, to chime; to ring the changes; to jingle, to clatter. *=carillonneur=, _n.m._, chimer, bell-ringer; change-ringer. =carlette=, _n.f._, square slate. =carlin=, _n.m._, carlin (Italian coin); pug-dog. =carline=, _n.f._, (bot.) carline-thistle. =carlingue= (-linghe), _n.f._, (nav.) carline, carling. _— de cabestan_; keelson, step. =carliste=, _n.m.f._, Carlist (partisan of Charles). =carliste=, _adj._, Carlist. =carlovingien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _n._ and _adj._, Carlovingian. *=carmagnole=, _n.f._, carmagnole (jacket); carmagnole (revolutionary song and dance). =carmagnole=, _n.m._, violent Jacobin. =carme=, _n.m._, Carmelite friar, white friar. _—s déchaussés_; barefooted Carmelites. _Eau des —s_; carmelite water. =carme=, _n.m._, (tric-trac) two fours. =carmeline=, _n.f._, carmeline wool. =carmélite=, _n.f._ and _adj._, Carmelite nun. =carmin=, _n.m._, carmine. =carminati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) carminative. =carminati-f=, _n.m._, (med.) carminative. =carnage=, _n.m._, carnage, slaughter, butchery, destruction, havoc. =carnassi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, carnivorous, flesh-eating. =carnassier=, _n.m._, feline animal; flesh-eater. =carnassière=, _n.f._, game-bag. =carnation=, _n.f._, carnation, flesh-tint, flesh-color, complexion. =carnaval=, _n.m._, a carnival; guy. =carne=, _n.f._, corner, edge (of a table, &c.). =carné=, =-e=, _adj._, of a carnation color. =carnet=, _n.m._, note-book, memorandum-book. _— d’échéances_; bill-book. _— de chèques_; check book. =carnier=, _n.m._ _V._ =carnassière=. =carnification=, _n.f._, (med.) carnification. _se_ =carnifier=, _v.r._, (med.) to carnify. =carnivore=, _adj._, carnivorous. =carnosité=, _n.f._, carnosity. *=carogne=, _n.f._, (l.ex.) hag, jade, impudent slut. =carolus= (-lus), _n.m._, carolus (old French coin). =caronade=, _n.f._, (artil.) carronade. =caroncule=, _n.f._, (anat., bot.) caruncle. =carotide=, _adj._, (anat.) carotid. =carotide=, _n.f._, (anat.) carotid. =carotidien=, _adj.m._, (anat.) carotid. _Canal —_; carotid canal. =carotique=, _adj._, (med.) comatose. =carotte=, _n.f._, carrot. _— de tabac_; roll of tobacco. (fig.) _Quelle —!_ what a chouse! =carotter=, _v.n._, to live on little; to play low; to chouse, to diddle. =carotti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, (triv.). _V._ =carotteur=. =carotteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, timid player; petty jobber; cheat, trickster. =caroube= _or_ =carouge=, _n.f._, (bot.) carob-bean. =caroubier=, _n.m._, carob-tree, St. John’s bread tree. =carouble=, _n.f._, skeleton-key. =caroubleur=, _n.m._, house-breaker. =carpe=, _n.f._, (ich.) carp. _Saut de —_; somerset. _Faire la — pâmée_; to sham fainting. _Muet comme une —_; dumb as an oyster. =carpe=, _n.m._, (anat.) wrist. =carpeau=, _n.m._, small carp. =carpien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n) _adj._, (anat.) carpal. *=carpillon=, _n.m._, (ich.) young carp. =carquois=, _n.m._, quiver. _Il a vidé son —_; he has shot his bolt. =carrare=, _n.m._, Carrara marble. =carre=, _n.f._, back and shoulders (of any one). _La — d’un chapeau_; the crown of a hat. _La — d’un habit_; the part of a coat from the waist upwards. _La — d’un soulier_; the square toe of a shoe. _Un homme d’une bonne —_; a broad-shouldered man. _Lame à trois —s_; three-edged sword. =carré=, _n.m._, square; landing, floor; printing demy (of paper). _Un — de tulipes_; a square bed of tulips. _Un — d’eau_; a square sheet of water. _— de toilette_; dressing-case. _— des officiers_; ward-room. =carré=, =-e=, _adj._, square, quadratic; well-set, well-knit; plain, straightforward; demy (of paper); (rhet.) flowing. _Partie —e_; party of four (two men and two women). =carreau=, _n.m._, (med.) tabes mesenterica. =carreau=, _n.m._, square; lozenge; square tile or brick; small flag-stone; ground, floor; pane (of glass); cushion, hassock; tailor’s goose; diamond (at cards); (gard.) bed, square; (arch.) stretcher; rubber (file); ☉square-headed arrow, cross-arrow. _Brochet —_; very large pike. _Tomber sur le —_; to fall on the floor. _Coucher sur le —_; to sleep on the floor. _Jeter quelqu’un sur le —_; to send any one sprawling upon the ground. _Rester sur le —_; to be killed on the spot. _Etoffes à —x_; stuff checks. _C’est un valet de —_; he is a contemptible fellow. =carrefour=, _n.m._, cross-way or street, cross-road, quadrant, crowded thoroughfare. _Les —s d’une ville_; the public places of a town. _— des auteurs_; Grub-street. _Langage de —_; low, vulgar language; Billingsgate. _Orateur de —_; stump-orator. =carrelage=, _n.m._, tile-flooring, brick-paving. =carreler=, _v.a._, to pave (a floor) with square tiles, bricks, stones; to cobble. =carrelet=, _n.m._, (ich.) flounder; square net; shoemaker’s awl. =carrelette=, _n.f._, flat file. =carreleur=, _n.m._, floor-tiler, brick-pavior; tramping cobbler. =carrelier=, _n.m._, a tile-maker. =carrelure=, _n.f._, new-soling of shoes. =carrément=, _adv._, squarely; plainly, straightforwardly. _Couper —_; to cut square. _Tracer un plan —_; to draw a plan square. =carrer=, _v.a._, to square. _se_ =carrer=, _v.r._, to strut, to stalk; to double one’s stake (at _bouillotte_—a card game). _Se — dans son fauteuil_; to sit in state. =carrick=, _n.m._, box-coat, cape; gig. =carrier=, _n.m._, a quarry-man. =carrière=, _n.f._, race-ground, course, &c.; career, race; course; scope; play, vent; quarry. _Le bout de la —_; the goal. _Parcourir la —_; to run round, to run over the course. _Donner — à son imagination_; to give scope, free vent to one’s imagination. _Se donner —_; to throw off all restraint. _Donner — à un cheval_; to give a horse his head. _— de marbre_; marble quarry. =carriole=, _n.f._, covered cart, jaunting car, pleasure-van; wretched carriage. =carrossable=, _adj._, (of roads) practicable for carriages. _Route —_; carriage road. =carrosse=, _n.m._, four-wheeled carriage, coach. _— de remise_; livery-coach. _— de louage_; hackney-coach. _Mener un —_; to drive a carriage. _Aller en —_; to ride in a coach. _Rouler —_; to keep a carriage; to live in grand style. =carrossée=, _n.f._, coachful, carriageful. =carrosserie=, _n.f._, coach-making; coach-building. =carrossier=, _n.m._, coachmaker, carriage-builder; coach-horse. =carrousel=, _n.m._, tournament; roundabout. ☉=carrousse=, _n.f._, carouse. _Faire —_; to carouse, to drink hard. =carrure=, _n.f._, breadth of shoulders. =cartahu=, _n.m._, (nav.) whip; girt-line. _Poulie de —_; single block. =cartayer=, _v.n._, to avoid ruts. =carte=, _n.f._, pasteboard; card, postcard; label, ticket; map, chart; bill; bill of fare; account. _Un jeu de —s_; a pack of cards. _Les basses —s_; the small cards. _—s préparées_; marked cards. _Donner les —s_; to deal. _Battre les —s_; to shuffle. _Faire des tours de —s_; to play tricks with cards. _Mettre aux —s_; to pay the card money. _Château de —s_; gingerbread _or_ jerry-built house. _Brouiller les —s_; to sow discord. _Voir le dessous des —s_; to be in the secret; “in the Know.” _Avoir — blanche_; to have full power. _Tirer les —s_; to tell fortunes (with cards). _— de géographie_; map, chart. _Faire la — d’un pays_; to map out a country. _— topographique_; topographical chart. _— marine_; sea-chart. _Perdre la —_; to lose one’s wits. _Dîner à la —_; to dine from the bill of fare. =cartel=, _n.m._, challenge, cartel; dial-case, clock; frieze-panel, frame; (milit., nav.) cartel. _— d’armoiries_; (her.) shield. =carterie=, _n.f._, card-making, card-factory. =carteron=, _n.m._ _V._ =quarteron=. =cartésianisme=, _n.m._, Cartesian philosophy. =cartésien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, Cartesian. =carthaginois=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Carthaginian. =carthame=, _n.m._, (bot.) carthamus, safflower. =cartier=, _n.m._, playing-card maker. =cartilage=, _n.m._, (anat.) cartilage, gristle. =cartilagineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, cartilaginous, gristly. =cartisane=, _n.f._, foil-card. _Dentelle à —_; vellum-lace. =cartomancie=, _n.f._, cartomancy. =cartomancien=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, fortune-teller (by cards). =carton=, _n.m._, pasteboard; (paint.) cartoon; bandbox; case; hat-box; bonnet-box; (print.) four-page cancel. _— lissé_; glazed pasteboard. _— de pâté_; mill board. _Les —s de Raphaël_; the cartoons of Raphael. _— de dessins_; portfolio of drawings. =cartonnage=, _n.m._, (book-bind.) boarding. =cartonné=, =-e=, _adj._, (book-bind.) in boards. =cartonner=, _v.a._, to put in boards. =cartonnerie=, _n.f._, pasteboard manufactory. =cartonneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, binder, boarder (of books). =cartonnier=, _n.m._, pasteboard-maker, seller. =carton-pierre=, _n.m._, (_n.p._), statuary pasteboard. =cartouche=, _n.m._, escutcheon, shield, ring; (arch.) cartouch, modillion. =cartouche=, _n.f._, cartouch, case-shot, canister-shot (of cannon); cartridge. =cartouchier=, _n.m._, (nav.) cartridge-box, _or_ pouch. =cartouchière=, _n.f._, cartridge-box. =cartulaire=, _n.m._, cartulary. =carus=, _n.m._, (med.) deep coma. =carvi=, _n.m._, (bot.) caraway; caraway-seed. =caryatide=. _V._ =cariatide=. =caryophyllée=, _adj.f._, (bot.) caryophyllous. =caryophyllées=, _n.f.pl._, caryophyllæ. =caryophylloïde=, _n.f._, caryophilloid. =cas=, _n.m._, case, event, esteem, value; needs, concern; (jur., math., gram., med.) case. _Un — pendable_; a hanging matter. _Un — imprévu_; an unforeseen case. _Un tout en —_; sunshade. _Au —_, _en — que cela soit_; in case it should turn out to be. _Auquel —_; in which case. _Le — échéant_; if such should be the case; in that case. _En tel —_, _en pareil —_; in such a case. _Hors le —_; unless, except, save. _C’est le — de parler_; it is the time to speak out. _Faire grand — de quelqu’un_; to have a great esteem for any one, to value highly. _Faire peu de —_; to make light of, to slight. _En tout —_; at all events, however. _En — de besoin_; in case of need. _C’est le — ou jamais_; it is now or never. _Il n’est pas dans le — de vous nuire_; he is not in a position to harm you. _C’est bien le — de le dire_; you may indeed well say so. _Un en —_; a snack (in case of need). =casani-er=, =-ère=, _n._ and _adj._, domestic person, domestic, retired, stay at home, home-bird. =casaque=, _n.f._, great coat, cassock. _Tourner —_; to change sides, to rat. =casaquin=, _n.m._, short gown, jacket. =cascade=, _n.f._, cascade, waterfall; leap, bound. _Un discours plein de —s_; a jumbled, jerky speech. =cascarille=, _n.f._, cascarilla. =cascatelle=, _n.f._, cascade (of Tivoli). =case=, _n.f._, division; cabin, dwelling-place, small house, hut; box (for animals); pigeon-hole, compartment; point (backgammon); square (chess, draughts); (nav.) berth. =casé=, =-e=, _part._, placed. _Le voilà —_; he is provided for. =caséeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, caseous, cheesy. =casemate= (kaz-mat), _n.f._, (fort.) casemate; dungeon, cell. =casematé=, =-e=, _adj._, casemated. =caser=, _v.n._, (backgammon) to make a point. =caser=, _v.a._, to place, to find a place for, to provide for; to arrange, put in order. _se_ =caser=, _v.r._, to take up one’s abode, one’s quarters, to get settled. =caserne=, _n.f._, barracks. _— de pompiers_; fire-brigade station. _Intendant de —_; barrack-master. =casernement=, _n.m._, quartering in barracks. =caserner=, _v.a._, to quarter in barracks. =caserner=, _v.n._, to be in barracks. =casier=, _n.m._, set of pigeon-holes; rack, ledger-rack. *=casilleux=, _adj.m._, brittle. =casimir=, _n.m._, kerseymere cloth. =casino=, _n.m._, casino, club. =casoar=, _n.m._, (orni.) cassowary. =casque=, _n.m._, helmet, casque, head-piece; (bot.) hood; (her.) helmet, casque; (conch.) helmet-shell. =casquette=, _n.f._, cap (of a man or boy). =cassable=, _adj._, breakable. =cassade=, _n.f._, sham, flam; lie, fib, cheat. =cassage=, _n.m._, breakage. *=cassaille=, _n.f._, the breaking up (of ground). =cassant=, =-e=, _adj._, brittle, apt to break; (of a man) abrupt, bluff, gruff. =cassation=, _n.f._, breaking; (jur.) annulment, repeal, quashing. _Se pourvoir en —_; to lodge an appeal. _Cour de —_; the highest court of appeal in France. =cassave=, _n.f._, cassava. =casse=, _n.f._, (bot.) cassia; (print.) case; (com.) breakage; ☉(milit.) cashiering, dismissal. _— aromatique_; bastard cinnamon. _Cet officier mérite la —_; that officer deserves to be dismissed the service. _Haut de —_; (print.) upper-case. _Bas de —_; (print.) lower-case. _Apprendre la —_; to learn the boxes. =casseau=, _n.m._, (print.) half-case. =casse-cou=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) break-neck; (man.) rough-rider. =casse-lunettes=, _n.m._, (_plur._ _—_) (bot.) eyebright. =casse-mottes=, _n.m._, (_plur._ _—_) (agri.) clod-breaker. =casse-noisettes=, _n.m._, (_plur._ _—_) nut-crackers. =casse-noix=, _n.m._, (_—_) nut-crackers; (orni.) nut-hatch. =casser=, _v.a._, to break; to crack; to cashier; to waste; to wear out; to annul; to rescind; to shiver (a mast). _Qui casse les verres les paie_ or _Il faut payer les pots cassés_; you must stand the racket. _— un jugement_; to reverse a judgment. _Cassé de vieillesse_; worn out with old age. _Voix cassée_; broken voice. _Vous me cassez la tête_; you bore me to death. _— aux gages_; to dismiss, to discharge. _se_ =casser=, _v.r._, to break; to break down; to wear out; to snap. _Se — la tête_; to break one’s head; to puzzle one’s brains. _Se — le cou_; to break one’s neck. _Se — la jambe_; to break one’s leg. =casser=, _v.n._, to break. _À tout —_; with a vengeance; at break-neck speed. =casserole=, _n.f._, saucepan, stewpan. =casse-tête=, _n.m._, (_—_) tomahawk; puzzle-brain; heady wine; din, noise. _Quel —!_ what a din! =cassetin=, _n.m._, (print.) box. =cassette=, _n.f._, casket; cash-box. _La — du roi_; the King’s privy purse. =casseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, breaker, smasher. _C’est un grand — de raquettes_; he is a real matador. _Un — d’assiettes_; a quarrelsome fellow, blusterer, bully. =cassier=, _n.m._, cassia-tree. =cassine=, _n.f._, (milit.) cassine; country-box; badly-kept house; stall, booth. =cassiopée=, _n.f._, (astron.) Cassiopeia. =cassis= (kâ-sis), _n.m._, black currant; black currant-tree; black-currant ratafia (liquor). =cassolette=, _n.f._, perfuming pan; scent-box, fragrant smell; (b.s.) stench, odor. _Quelle —!_ what a perfume! =casson=, _n.m._, fragment of plate-glass; lump. =cassonade=, _n.f._, moist sugar. =cassure=, _n.f._, broken place; break, crack, snap; fracture; (nav.) hogging. *=castagnette=, _n.f._, castanet. =caste=, _n.f._, caste. ☉=castel=, _n.m._, castle. *=castillan=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Castilian. *=castille=, _n.f._, altercation, bickering, strife. =castine=, _n.f._, (metal.) flux. =castor=, _n.m._, (mam.) castor, beaver; beaver hat; tile. =castoréum= (-om), _n.m._, (phar.) castoreum. =castorine=, _n.f._, castorine. =castramétation=, _n.f._, castrametation. =castrat=, _n.m._, castrato, castrate. =castration=, _n.f._, castration. =casualité=, _n.f._, (l.u.) casualty, fortuitousness. =casuel=, =-le=, _adj._, casual, contingent, precarious, fortuitous, accidental. =casuel=, _n.m._, perquisites, extra salary; fees. _Le — d’une cure_; surplice fees. =casuellement= (-mān), _adv._, casually, accidentally, by chance, fortuitously. =casuiste=, _n.m._, casuist. =catachrèse= (-krèz), _n.f._, (rhet.) catachresis. =cataclysme=, _n.m._, cataclysm, deluge, flood; (fig.) disaster, overthrow. =catacois=. _V._ =cacatois=. =catacombes=, _n.f.pl._, catacombs. =catacoustique=, _n.f._, catacoustics. =catadioptrique=, _n.f._, catadioptrics. =catadioptrique=, _adj._, catadioptrical. ☉=catadoupe= _or_ =catadupe=, _n.f._, catadupa, cataract, waterfall. =catafalque=, _n.m._, catafalque; bed of state. =cataire=, _adj._, of a cat, cat-like. _Frémissement —_ (med.); thrill, purring tremor, of the heart. =cataire=, _n.f._, (bot.) catmint, catnip. =catalan=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Catalonian. =catalecte= _or_ =catalectique=, _adj._, (poet.) catalectic. =catalectes=, _n.m.pl._, (lit.) catalectics. =catalepsie=, _n.f._, catalepsy. =cataleptique=, _adj._, cataleptic. =catalogue= (-log), _n.m._, list, enumeration, catalogue. =cataloguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to catalogue. =catalpa=, _n.m._, (bot.) catalpa. =cataplasme=, _n.m._, cataplasm, poultice. =catapuce=, _n.f._, (bot.) caper-spurge. =catapulte=, _n.f._, (antiq.) catapult. =cataracte=, _n.f._, cataract; waterfall; (med.) cataract. =cataracté=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) afflicted with a cataract. _se_ =cataracter=, _v.r._, to have an incipient cataract. =catarrhal=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) catarrhal. =catarrhe=, _n.m._, catarrh, cold. _— d’été_; hay-fever. =catarrheu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) catarrhous. =catastrophe=, _n.f._, catastrophe, calamity. =catéchiser=, _v.a._, to catechise; to reason with; to lecture; to give anyone his due; to coach up. =catéchisme=, _n.m._, catechism. _Faire le — à quelqu’un_; to give anyone his due. =catéchiste=, _n.m._, catechist. =catéchuménat= (-ku-), _n.m._, catechumenate. =catéchumène= (-ku-), _n.m.f._, catechumen. =catégorie=, _n.f._, category, predicament. =catégorique=, _adj._, categorical, proper, explicit. =catégoriquement= (-rik-mān), _adv._, categorically, to the purpose. =catégoriser=, _v.a._, to class. ☉=caterve=, _n.f._, troop, band. =cathartine=, _n.f._, cathartine. =cathartique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, cathartic, purgative. _ex_ =cathédra=, with high authority. =cathédrale=, _n._ and _adj._ _f._, cathedral; cathedral church. =cathédrant=, _n.m._, president (over a thesis). =cathérétique=, _adj._, (pharm.) caustic. =cathéter= (-tèr), _n.m._, (surg.) catheter. =cathétérisme=, _n.m._, (surg.) catheterism. =catholicisme=, _n.m._, Catholicism. =catholicité=, _n.f._, Catholicity; Catholic countries. =catholicon=, _n.m._, (phar.) catholicon. =catholique=, _adj._, Catholic, moral, orthodox. _Cela n’est pas —_; that is not orthodox. =catholique=, _n.m.f._, Catholic. _Un — à gros grains_; a lax Catholic. =catholiquement= (-mān), _adv._, in a catholic way. =cati=, _n.m._, pressing, gloss, lustre. =cati=, _adj._, pressed. _en_ =catimini=, _adv._, slily, stealthily. =catin=, _n.f._, (l.ex.) harlot, strumpet. =catir=, _v.a._, to give a gloss to. _— à chaud_; to hot-press. _— à froid_; to cold-press. =catissage=, _n.m._, glossing, pressing. =catisseur=, _n.m._, presser. =catmarin=, _n.m._, (ornith.) red-throated diver. =catodon=, _n.m._, catodon, a species of whale. =catogan= _or_ =cadogan=, _n.m._, club of hair. =catoptrique=, _n.f._, catoptrics. =catoptromancie=, _n.f._, catoptromancy. =caucasique=, _adj._, (geog.) Caucasian. =cauchemar= (kosh-mar), _n.m._, nightmare, incubus. _Il donne le —_; he tires one to death. =caucher=, _n.m._, vellum-mold. =cauchois=, =-e=, _adj._, of Caux. =caudataire=, _n.m._, the train-bearer. =caudé=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) caudated, tailed. ☉=caudebec=, _n.m._, woolen French hat. =caudex= (kô-dèks), _n.m._, stem of a tree. =caudicule=, _n.f._, (bot.) caudicle. =caudines=, _adj.f.pl._, caudine. =caulicoles=, _n.f.pl._, (arch.) caulicole. =caulinaire=, _adj._, (bot.) cauline. =cauris=, _n.m._, cowry. =causal=, =-e=, _adj._, causal. =causalité=, _n.f._, causality. =causant=, =-e=, _adj._, chatty, talkative. =causati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) causative. =causation=, _n.f._, causation. =causativement=, _adv._, causatively. =cause=, _n.f._, cause; grounds, motive; subject; case, trial, brief. _—s éloignées_; remote causes. _Prendre fait et — pour quelqu’un_; to espouse any one’s cause; to side with; to stand by. _— appelée_, _remise_; cause called in court, put off. _— embrouillée_, _douteuse_; intricate, doubtful case. _Donner gain de — à_; to decide in favor of. _Avoir gain de —_; to gain the day. _Être hors de —_; not to be concerned in a law-suit. _Mettre hors de —_; to dismiss the parties (to a suit); (fig.) to free from blame; to put out of the question. _Être condamné sans connaissance de —_; to be cast without a hearing. _Ses héritiers ou ayants —_; his heirs or assigns. _Un avocat sans —_; a briefless barrister. _Parler avec connaissance de —_; to speak from a knowledge of the case. _Être la — innocente_, or _involontaire_, _d’un accident_; to be the harmless, _or_ involuntary, cause of an accident. _Il ne le fera pas, et pour —_; he won’t do it, and for a very good reason. _À ces —s_; (jur.) these reasons moving us thereunto. _À — de_; for the sake of, on account of, because of, for. _À — de quoi?_ why? wherefore? for what reason? _À — que_; because. =causer=, _v.a._, to cause, to be the cause of, to occasion, to give rise to. =causer=, _v.n._, to chat, to talk, to prate. _— de choses et d’autres_; to talk of one thing and another. _— de la pluie et du beau temps_; to talk about the weather. _— littérature_, _voyages_; to talk about literature, travels. _Vous aurez causé_; you have been babbling. =causerie= (kôz-rî), _n.f._, talk, chat, gossip. =causette=, _n.f._, chit-chat. _Faire la —_; to have a chat. =causeu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, talkative, chatty. =causeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, talker, conversationalist. =causeuse=, _n.f._, small sofa, settee. =causticité=, _n.f._, causticity. =caustique=, _adj._, biting, cutting, caustic. =caustique=, _n.m._, caustic, biting, cutting. =caustique=, _n.f._, (geom., phys.) caustic curve. =caustiquement=, _adv._, caustically, cuttingly. =cauteleusement= (kôt-leûz-mān), _adv._, craftily, slyly. =cauteleu-x=, =-se= (kôt-leû), _adj._, cunning, crafty. =cautère=, _n.m._, (med.) issue, cautery; (vet.) firing-iron. _Panser un —_; to dress a cautery. _Pois à —_; issue peas. ☉=cautérétique=. _V._ =cathérétique=. =cautérisation=, _n.f._, cauterization. =cautériser=, _v.a._, to cauterize, to sear, to burn. =caution=, _n.f._, surety, security, bail, pledge. _— légale_; common bail. _— solvable_; special bail. _Un homme sujet à —_; a man not to be trusted. =cautionné=, =-e=, _part._, bailed; (of things) suspicious, doubtful. =cautionnement= (kô-sio-n-mān), _n.m._, bailing, bail, caution-money; security. =cautionner=, _v.a._, to stand bail for any one, to stand surety for. =cavage=, _n.m._, hollowing out, digging; cellarage. =cavalcade=, _n.f._, ride, cavalcado. ☉=cavalcadour=, _n.m._, riding-master, equerry, master of the horse. =cavale=, _n.f._, mare, steed. =cavalerie= (ka-val-rî), _n.f._, cavalry, horse. =cavalier=, _n.m._, horseman; rider, cavalier; trooper; gentleman, gallant; (dancing) partner; knight (at chess); (fort.) cavalier; (man.) rider; (mec.) spoil-bank. _Servir de — à une dame_; to escort a lady. =cavali-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, cavalier, free, proud, haughty, unceremonious. =cavalièrement= (-mān), _adv._, cavalierly, bluntly, unceremoniously. =cavatine=, _n.f._, (mus.) cavatina. =cave=, _n.f._, cellar, vault, cellarage; boot (of a coach); case of bottles, cellaret; (cards) pool, stock. _Rat de —_; twisted taper. _Rats de —_; excisemen. =cave=, _adj._, hollow, sunken. _Œil —_; hollow eye. _Lune —_; lunar month of 29 days. _Année —_; lunar year (353 days). =caveau=, _n.m._, small cellar; vault (in a church). =cavecé=, =-e=, _adj._, with a black head (of a roan horse or mare). _Cheval rouan — de noir_; roan horse with a black head. =caveçon=, _n.m._, (man.) cavezon, curb. _Il a besoin de —_; he wants curbing. =cavée=, _n.f._, (hunt.) hollow way. =caver=, _v.a._, to hollow, to make hollow, to scoop out, to dig under; to lunge (fencing); to stake (at play). _— au plus fort_; to play deep; to carry things to extremes. _se_ =caver=, _v.r._, to become hollow or sunken; to stake. =caverne=, _n.f._, cavern; cave, hollow, den. =caverneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, hollow, sepulchral; (anat.) cavernous, spongy. _Voix —se_; hollow voice. =cavet=, _n.m._, (arch.) cavetto. =caviar=, _n.m._, (cook.) caviar, caviare. =cavillation= (-vil-la-), _n.f._, sophistry, cavil, cavilling. =caviste=, _n.m._, cellarer, cellar man. =cavité=, _n.f._, cavity, hollow. =ce=, =cet=, _m._, =cette=, _f._, =ces=, _pl._, _demonst. adj._, this, these; that, those. _Ce livre_; this _or_ that book. _Ce héros_; this _or_ that hero. _Cet arbre_; this _or_ that tree. _Cet homme_; this _or_ that man. _Cette femme_; this _or_ that woman. _Ces livres_; these _or_ those books. _Ce livre-ci_; this book. _Ce livre-là_; that book. =ce=, _demonst. pron._, he, she, it; they. _J’aime votre frère, c’est un bon ami_; I love your brother, he is a good friend. _Lisez Racine et Boileau, ce sont de grands poètes_; read Racine and Boileau, they are great poets. =ce= (for =cela=), it, that; he, she, they. _C’est fait_; it is done. _C’est fort bien fait_; that’s very well done. _C’en est fait de moi_; it is all up with me. _C’en est fait_; it is all over, it is done. _C’est bien fait_; it serves him right. _Et ce, pour cause_; and this for a good reason. _Je lui ai dit telle chose, et ce pour le persuader de le faire_; I told him such a thing, and it was to persuade him to do it. _Qui est-ce?_ who is he? _Qui était-ce?_ who was it? _Qui sera-ce?_ who will it be? _Qui est-ce qui arrive là?_ who is coming there? _Est-ce moi?_ is it I? _Est-ce lui?_ is it he? _Est-ce nous qu’il menace?_ is it towards us his threats are directed? _Est-ce eux que vous prétendez soumettre?_ is it they you pretend to subdue? _Sont-ce les Anglais?_ is it the English? _C’est vous qu’on demande_; it is you who are wanted. _Ce sont eux que j’ai vus_; it is they I have seen. _Sont-ce là les dames que vous attendiez?_ are these the ladies you expected? _Oui, ces ont elles_; yes, they are. _C’était eux_, _ce furent eux_, _ce sera nous_, _ce sera vous autres_, _ce sera eux_, _ce serait eux_; it was they, &c. _Qu’est-ce?_ what is that? _Qu’est-ce que je vois là-bas?_ what do I see yonder? _Sont-ce là vos raisons?_ are those your reasons? _Est-ce là votre carrosse?_ is that your coach? _Oui, ce l’est_; yes, it is. _Sont-ce là vos chevaux?_ are these your horses? _Oui, ce les sont_; yes, they are. _Quel jour est-ce aujourd’hui?_ what day is it to-day? _C’est jeudi_; it is Thursday. _Quand sera-ce?_ when will it be? _Ce sera pour demain_; it will be for to-morrow. =ce qui=, =que=, =dont=, =à quoi=; that, which, what, of what, to what. _Je ne sais ce que nous deviendrons_; I do not know what will become of us. _Ce qui se passe_; what happens. _Ce que je vous dit_; what I tell you. _Faites ce dont je vous ai parlé_; do what I told you of. _Ce qui réussit est toujours approuvé_; what meets with success always meets with approbation. _C’est ce que je disais_; it is what I said. _Ce que j’ai vu de beau_; the fine things I saw. _Tout ce qu’on fait de mauvais_; all the mischief that is done. _Savez-vous à quoi il pense?_ do you know what he is thinking of? =ce qui= _or_ =ce que=, serve for two verbs, the latter of which, when _ce_ begins the sentence, is governed by _ce_: if the latter verb is _être_, followed by _que_ or _de_, _ce_ must be repeated before it. _Ce que je crains, c’est d’être surpris_; what I fear is to be surprised. _Ce qu’il demande, c’est une pension_; what he asks for is a pension. [But _ce_ cannot be repeated when _être_ is followed by an adjective.] _Ce qu’on vous a dit est vrai_; what you have been told is true. _Ce qu’on vous a dit, ce sont des contes_; what you have been told are mere idle tales. _C’était un grand capitaine que César_; Cæsar was a great captain. _Sont-ce les richesses qui vous rendront heureux?_ can riches make you happy? _C’est moi qu’on veut perdre_; I am the man they wish to ruin. _C’est à vous que je parle_; it is to you I speak. _C’est d’elle que je parle_; it is of her that I speak. _C’est là que je les attends_; there I shall have them. _C’est un bonheur que d’avoir échappé_; it is good luck to have escaped. _C’était à vous de parler_; it was your duty to speak. _C’était à vous à parler_; it was your turn to speak. _Si c’était à refaire_; if it were to be done again. _C’est à qui parlera_; they vie with one another as to who shall speak. _C’était à qui s’offrirait_; they vied with one another as to who would offer himself. _Ce serait pour moi un grand plaisir_; it would give me great pleasure. _Ce n’est pas qu’il la craigne, mais il aime la paix_; not that he fears her, but he loves peace. _Ces malheureux ne savent ce que c’est que la vertu_; these wretches know not what virtue is. _C’est-à-dire_; that is to say. _Ce n’est pas à dire que_; it does not follow that. _C’est pourquoi_; therefore, wherefore, for which reason. _C’est que_; you must know; I must tell you. _Ce que c’est que de nous!_ what poor mortals we are. =céans=, _adv._, within, here within, in this house, home. _Maître de —_; master of the house. _Il dînera —_; he will dine at home. =ceci=, _demonst. pron._, this. _Que veut dire —?_ what does this mean? _C’est —, c’est cela_; it is first one thing and then another. =cécité=, _n.f._, blindness. _Frapper de —_; to strike blind. =cédant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (jur.) grantor; assignor, transferrer. =cédant=, =-e=, _adj._, that assigns, transfers; that grants. =céder=, _v.a._, to give, to give up, to yield, to transfer; to sell, to part with, to make over. _— le pas à quelqu’un_; to give precedence to any one. _— le haut du pavé_; to give the wall. =céder=, _v.n._, to give way, to give; to submit; to give in. _Il faut —_; we must submit. _— à son penchant_; to give way to one’s inclinations. _Je lui cède en tout_; I give in to him in everything. _Ne le — à personne_; to yield to no one; to be second to none. _La porte céda_; the door gave way. *=cédille=, _n.f._, (gram.) cedilla. =cédrat=, _n.m._, (bot.) (tree) cedrate, lemon-tree; (fruit) lemon. =cédratier=, _n.m._, (bot.) cedrate, lemon-tree. =cèdre=, _n.m._, cedar; cedar of Lebanon. =cédrie=, _n.f._, cedrie, cedar-resin. =cédule=, _n.f._, (jur.) cedule, schedule, memorandum, notice; note of hand. =ceindre= (ceignant, ceint), _v.a._, to enclose, to encompass, to surround, to bind; to fence; to gird on, to put on, to encircle. _Une corde lui ceignait les reins_; his loins were girt with a cord. _— le diadème_; to put on the diadem. _se_ =ceindre=, _v.r._, to bind round one; to encircle one’s brow with anything. =ceintrage=, _n.m._, (nav.) frapping, swifting (of rigging). =ceintrer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to frap, to gird. _— un vaisseau_; to frap a ship. =ceinture=, _n.f._, sash, girdle, belt; waist-band, waist-ribbon; the waist; enclosure, circle; (arch.) cincture (of a column), molding; (nav.) swifter. _Bonne renommée vaut mieux que — dorée_; a good name is better than riches. _— de deuil_; funeral hangings. _Chemin de fer de —_; circular railway. =ceinturé=, =-e=, _adj._, confined, girt; wearing a sash. =ceinturer=, _v.a._, to girdle, to girt. =ceinturier=, _n.m._, girdle-maker, belt-maker. =ceinturon=, _n.m._, belt, sword-belt. =cela=, _demonst. pron._, that. _— est vrai_; that is true. _Comment —?_ how so? _C’est —_; that’s it. _Ce n’est pas —_; that’s not it, that will not do. _N’est-ce que —?_ is that all? _Comme —_; so so. _Il est comme —_; it is his way, it is just like him. _C’est — même_; that’s the very thing. _Par — même_; for that very reason. _Pour — oui_; most certainly. _Pour — non_; certainly not. =céladon=, _adj._, _m._, sea-green (color). _Ruban —_; sea-green ribbon. =céladon=, _n.m._, sea-green (color); sentimental lover; old beau. =célébrant=, _n.m._, officiating priest at mass. =célébration=, _n.f._, solemn performance, celebration. =célèbre=, _adj._, celebrated, famous, renowned; eminent, distinguished. =célébrer=, _v.a._, to praise, to extol, to sing, to solemnize; to glorify, to celebrate, to record. =célébrité=, _n.f._, celebrity; fame. =celer= _or_ =céler=, _v.a._, to conceal, to keep close or secret, to secrete. _Se faire —_; to say “not at home.” =céleri= (sèl-ri), _n.m._, celery. _Botte de —_; bundle of celery. =célérité=, _n.f._, celerity, rapidity, dispatch, speed. =céleste=, _adj._, celestial, heavenly, divine. _Bleu —_; sky-blue. _La colère —_; the anger of heaven. =célestin=, _n.m._, celestin (monk _— moine_). =céliaque=, _adj._, (anat.) cœliac. =célibat=, _n.m._, celibacy, single life; single state. _Femme_, _homme_, _dans le —_; single woman, single man. =célibataire=, _n.m._, single man, bachelor. =celle=, _demonst. pron._ she, that. _V._ =celui=. ☉=celle=, _n.f._, cell (of a hermit). =cellér-ier=, _n.m._, =-ière=, _n.f._, cellarer. =cellier=, _n.m._, cellar, store-room. =cellulaire=, _adj._, cellular. =cellule=, _n.f._, cell, partition; cell (of honey). =celluleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, cellular. =célosie=, _n.f._, (bot.) cock’s-comb; coxcomb. =celte=, _n.m._, Celt. =celtique=, _adj._, Celtic. =celtique=, _n.m._, Celtic language. =celui=, _m._, =celle=, _f._, =ceux=, =celles=, _pl._, _demonst. pron._, he, him; she, her, they, them; that, those. _Ceux qui ont vécu avant nous_; those who lived before us. =celui-ci=, =celle-ci=, _sing._, =ceux-ci=, =celles-ci=, _pl._, _demonst. pron._; this, these. =celui-là=, =celle-là=, _sing._, =ceux-là=, =celles-là=, _pl._, _demonst. pron._; that, those. _Aimez-vous mieux celui-ci?_ do you like this best? _Celui-là n’est pas si beau_; that one is not so fine. _Celui-ci est meilleur que celui-là_; this is better than that. [_Celui-ci_ relates to an object near the speaker; _celui-là_, to an object distant from him; or after two nouns already expressed, _celui-ci_ refers to the last, _celui-là_ to the first mentioned.] =cément=, _n.m._, cement. =cémentation=, _n.f._, cementation. =cémentatoire=, _adj._, cementatory. =cémenter=, _v.a._, to cement. =cénacle=, _n.m._, (antiq.) guest-chamber (where the Lord’s supper was taken); (fig.) club, literary coterie. =cendre=, _n.f._, ashes; embers; cinder; dust, ashes (of the dead). _C’est un feu qui couve sous la —_; it is a smoldering fire. _La —_, _les —s des morts_; the ashes of the dead. =cendres=, _n.f.pl._, ashes. _— ardentes_; live embers. _— qui couvent_; smoldering ashes. _Le mercredi des —_; Ash-Wednesday. _Mettre en —_; to lay in ashes. _Renaître de ses —_; to rise from one’s ashes. =cendré=, =-e=, _adj._, ashy. _Gris —_; ashy gray, pale gray. _Lumière —_; earth-shine. =cendrée=, _n.f._, small shot. =cendreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, ashy, full of, or covered with, ashes. =cendrer=, _v.a._, to paint ash-gray, to ash. =cendrier=, _n.m._, ash-pan, cinder-pail; ash-hole; ash-tray. *=cendrille=, _n.f._, (orni.) tomtit. =cène=, _n.f._, the Lord’s supper, communion. =cenelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) haw. =cénobite=, _n.m._, cenobite, monk. =cénobitique=, _adj._, cenobitical. =cénotaphe=, _n.m._, cenotaph. =cens= (sāns), _n.m._, cense, quit-rent; census, franchise, rating. =censable=, _adj._, owner of quit-rent. _Seigneur —_; lord of the manor. ☉=cense=, _n.f._, farm, fee-farm. =censé=, =-e=, _adj._, accounted, deemed, reputed, supposed, pretended. _Il est — être_; he is supposed to be. =censéable=, _adj._, liable to quit-rent. =censeur=, _n.m._, censor; censurer; critic; censor of the press; examiner of plays; proctor. ☉=censier=, _adj.m._, of quit-rent. =censi-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, farmer; rent-roll. =censitaire=, _n.m._, copy-holder. =censive=, _n.f._, quit-rent, manor. =censorial=, =-e=, _adj._, censorial. =censuel=, =-le=, _adj._, feudal, of quit-rent. =censurable=, _adj._, censurable. =censure=, _n.f._, censorship; censure, criticism; reproof; ecclesiastical censure; the censors. =censurer=, _v.a._, to find fault with; to blame, to censure, to condemn. =cent=, _adj._, hundred, cent. _— un ans_; one hundred and one years. _Cinq pour —_; five per cent. _Je vous le donne en —_; it’s 100 to 1 against your guessing it. [_Cent_ takes the sign of the plural, if preceded and multiplied, but not followed, by a number: _trois cents_; _trois cent cinquante_.] _Les — Jours_; the Hundred days (from March 20th to end of June, 1815). =centaine=, _n.f._, a hundred; a hundred, or so; thread that ties up a skein. _V._ =sentène=. =centaure=, _n.m._, (myth., astron.) centaur. =centaurée=, _n.f._, (bot.) centaury. =centenaire=, _adj._, centenary, secular, of a hundred years’ standing, centennial. =centenaire=, _n.m.f._, centenarian. =centenier=, _n.m._, centurion (in the Channel Isles); sergeant of police. =centésimal=, =-e=, _adj._, centesimal. =centiare=, _n.m._, the hundredth part of an are (square yard 1.1960). =centième=, _adj._, hundredth. =centième=, _n.m._, the hundredth part. =centigrade=, _adj._, centigrade. =centigramme=, _n.m._, the hundredth part of a gram (grain 0.1543). =centilitre=, _n.m._, the hundredth part of a liter (cubic inch 0.61028). =centime=, _n.m._, the hundredth part of a franc (cent 0.193). =centimètre=, _n.m._, the hundredth part of a meter (inch 0.39371). =centinode=, _n.f._, centinody, knot-grass. =centipède=, _adj._, centipedal; _n.m._, centipede. =centon=, _n.m._, (lit.) cento. =central=, =-e=, _adj._, central, chief, head. =centralisat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, centralizing. =centralisation=, _n.f._, centralization. =centraliser=, _v.a._, to centralize. _se_ =centraliser=, _v.r._, to become centralized. =centre=, _n.m._, center, middle. _Chaque chose tend à son —_; everything converged to its center. _Être dans son —_; to be in one’s element. =centrifuge=, _adj._, centrifugal. =centripète=, _adj._, centripetal. =centrisque=, _n.m._, (ich.) centriscus, trumpet-fish. =cent-suisse=, _n.m._, one of the hundred that formed the body-guard to the king of France. _Les —s_; the hundred Swiss guards. =centumvir=, _n.m._, centumvir. =centumviral=, =-e=, _adj._, centumviral. =centumvirat=, _n.m._, centumvirate. =centuple=, _n.m._, centuple, hundred-fold. =centuple=, _adj._, a hundred-fold. =centupler=, _v.a._, to increase a hundred-fold, to centuple. =centuriateur=, _n.m._, (ecc. lit.) centuriator. =centurie=, _n.f._, (antiq., ecc.) century; hundred (territorial division). =centurion=, _n.m._, centurion. =cep=, _n.m._, vine-stock, vine-stalk, vine-plant. =cépage=, _n.m._, vine-slip, vines. _Les —s de la Bourgogne_; the vines of Burgundy. =cèpe=, _n.m._, (bot.) esculent boletus. =cépée=, _n.f._, (agri.) tuft of shoots from the same stump; (hunt.) young wood; a wood of one or two years’ growth. =cependant=, _adv._, in the mean time, meanwhile; however, nevertheless; yet, still. =cependant=, _conj._, yet, and yet. =céphalalgie=, _n.f._, cephalalgy, headache. =céphalée=, _n.f._, (med.) headache. =céphalique=, _adj._, (med.) cephalic. =céphalète=, _n.f._, (med.) cephalitis. =céphée=, _n.m._, (astron.) Cepheus. =cérame=, _n.f._, Greek vase. =céramique=, _adj._, ceramic, fictile. =céramique=, _adj._, fictile art, molding. =céraste=, _n.m._, cerastes, horned viper. =cérat=, _n.m._, ointment, salve. =cerbère=, _n.m._, (myth.) Cerberus. =cerce=, _n.f._, hoop, band, binding. =cerceau=, _n.m._, hoop, ring; hoop-net; pinion-quill. _Faire courir un —_; to trundle a hoop. =cercelle=, _n.f._, water-fowl, teal. =cerclage=, _n.m._, hooping (of casks, &c.). =cercle=, _n.m._, circle, sphere, round, ring, orb, hoop; club, company; binding-hoop. _Un quart de —_; a quadrant. _Un demi-cercle_; a semicircle. _Décrire_, _former_, _un —_; to describe, to form, a circle. _— vicieux_; arguing in a circle; begging the question. =cercler=, _v.a._, to bind with hoops, to hoop. =cerclier=, _n.m._, hoop-maker. *=cercueil= (-keu-), _n.m._, coffin; (fig.) grave, tomb. _— de bois_; shell. _Mettre au —_; to bring to the grave. =céréale=, _adj._, cereal, corn. =céréales=, _n.f.pl._, corn, grain, corn crops, cerealia. _Commerce des —_; corn-trade, breadstuffs. =cérébral=, =-e=, _adj._, cerebral, brain. _Fièvre —e_; brain fever. =cérébrite=, _n.f._, (med.) inflammation of the brain. =cérémonial=, _n.m._, ceremonial; ceremony, ceremonies, etiquette, state. =cérémoniaire=, _n.m._, master of the ceremonies. =cérémonie=, _n.f._, ceremony; (biblical) ceremonial; fuss, ado. _Visite de —_; formal visit. _Faire des —s_; to stand upon ceremonies. _En grande —_; in state. =cérémonieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, ceremonious, formal, precise. =cérès=, _n.f._, (myth., astron.) Ceres; (fig.) harvest, corn. =cerf= (sèr), _n.m._, stag, hart, deer. _— commun_; red-deer. _Un bois de —_; the horns of a stag. _Corne de —_; hartshorn. *=cerfeuil=, _n.m._, (bot.) chervil. _— musqué_; sweet cicely. =cerf-volant= (sèrvo-) _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (ent.) stag-beetle, bull-fly; kite, paper-kite. =cerisaie=, _n.f._, cherry-orchard. =cerise=, _n.f._, cherry; (of coffee) berry. =cerise=, _n.m._, cherry-color, cerise. =cerisier=, _n.m._, (bot.) cherry-tree, cherry-wood. =cerne=, _n.m._, (bot.) ring. =cerneau=, _n.m._, kernel of a green walnut; green walnut. =cerner=, _v.a._, to cut or dig round (a tree); to surround, to encompass, to hem in; to take the kernel out of green walnuts; (arch.) to gird; (milit.) to invest. _Des yeux cernés_; eyes with dark circles round them. =cérocome=, _n.m._, (ent.) cerocoma. =céroxyle=, _n.m._, (bot.) wax-palm, wax-tree. =cerre=, _n.m._, bitter-oak. =certain=, =-e=, _adj._, certain, sure, positive, undoubted; resolved, fixed, determined; some, certain. _C’est un homme d’un — mérite_; he is a man of some merit. _À —es époques de l’année_; at certain periods of the year. _Dans —s cas_; in certain cases. _Un — personnage_; a certain personage. =certain=, _n.m._, certainty; certain; (exchange language) certain price. _Il ne faut pas quitter le — pour l’incertain_; we must not quit a certainty for an uncertainty. =certainement= (-mān), _adv._, certainly, assuredly, without fail, indeed, surely, infallibly. =certes=, _adv._, indeed, most certainly. =certificat=, _n.m._, certificate, testimonial. _— de vie_; attestation, affidavit of existence. =certificateur=, _n.m._, (jur.) certifier, voucher. =certification=, _n.f._, certifying, vouching; witnessing. =certifier=, _v.a._, to certify, to testify, to attest, to aver. _— une caution_; to guarantee that bail is valid. _— véritable_; to witness (a signature). =certitude=, _n.f._, certitude, certainty; assurance, steadiness. _Avoir la —_; to be certain. =cérumen= (-mèn), _n.m._, cerumen, ear-wax. =cérumineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, waxy, ceruminous. =céruse=, _n.f._, ceruse, white lead. =cervaison=, _n.f._, (hunt.) stag-season. =cerveau=, _n.m._, brain; mind; intelligence. _Rhume de —_; cold in the head. _— brûlé_; disordered brain. _Avoir le — creux_; to be crack-brained, visionary. _Être pris du —_; to have a cold in one’s head. _Se brûler le —_; to blow out one’s brains. =cervelas=, _n.m._, saveloy, Bologna sausage. =cervelet=, _n.m._, (anat.) cerebellum. =cervelle=, _n.f._, brains; head; mind; pith (of palm-trees). _Se brûler la —_; to blow out one’s brains. _Cela lui tourne la —_; that turns his head. _Se creuser la —_; to puzzle one’s brains. _Tenir en —_; to keep in suspense. =cervical=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) cervical. =cervier=. _V._ =loup-cervier=. =cervoise=, _n.f._, a sort of beer, ale. =césar=, _n.m._, Cæsar; emperor, prince, conqueror. =césarien=, =-ne= (-è-n), _adj._, Cesarean. =césarisme=, _n.m._, Cæsarism. =cessant=, =-e=, _adj._, ceasing. _Toute affaire —e_; to the suspension of all other business. =cessation=, _n.f._, cessation, suspension, intermission, discontinuance, stoppage. =cesse=, _n.f._, ceasing, intermission, rest, respite. _Parler sans —_; to talk for ever. =cesser=, _v.n._, to cease, to leave off, to forbear, to discontinue, to give over, to be at an end, to have done, to intermit, to end. _Il ne cesse de pleurer_; he never leaves off crying. _Faire —_; to put a stop to, _or_ an end to. =cesser=, _v.a._, to cease, to leave off; to intermit; to break off. _— ses payments_; (com.) to stop payment. =cessible=, _adj._, (jur., com.) transferable, assignable. =cession=, _n.f._, transfer, assignment (of property); yielding up, relinquishment; surrender. =cessionnaire=, _n.m._, grantee; assignee, transferee. =ceste=, _n.m._, (antiq., myth.) cestus, gauntlet; whirl-bat. =césure=, _n.f._, cesura, pause, rest. =cet=, =cette=. _V._ =ce=. =cétacé=, =-e=, _adj._, cetaceous. =cétacé=, _n.m._, cetaceous animal. =cétérac=, _n.m._, (bot.) ceterach. =cétine=, _n.f._, pure spermaceti, cetine. =cétoine=, _n.f._, (ent.) floral-beetle. =chable=, _n.m._, rope, tackle, tow-line. =chabler=, _v.a._, to fasten a cable to a piece of timber; to lash, to fasten to a cable. _— les noyers_; to knock down walnuts with a pole. =chableur=, _n.m._, water-bailiff. =chablis=, _n.m._, wind-fallen wood, dead-wood; chablis (white wine). =chaboisseau=, _n.m._, sea-scorpion. =chabot=, _n.m._, (ich.) miller’s-thumb, bull-head. =chabraque=, _n.f._ _V._ =schabraque=. =chacal=, _n.m._, jackal. =chaconne=, _n.f._, chacone (dance tune). =chacun=, =-e=, _pron._, everyone, each. _— veut être heureux_; everybody wishes to be happy. _— en parle_; everybody speaks of it. _Rendre à — ce qui lui appartient_; to return everyone his own. _— vit à sa guise_; everyone lives as he likes. _— le sien, n’est pas trop_; everyone his own. _— a sa marotte_; every man has his hobby. _— pour soi_; everyone for himself. _— à son tour_; each in his turn. _Ils s’en retournèrent — chez eux_; each of them returned to his own home. _Vous danserez — à votre tour_; you will dance each in your turn. _Ils auront — leur part_; each of them will have his share. _Donnez à — sa part_; give everyone his share. _Tous les membres ont voté — selon ses instructions_; every member voted according to his instructions. ☉=chacunière=, _n.m._, one’s own house. =chafouin=, =-e=, _adj._, sorry, mean-looking, pitiful, scrubby-looking. =chafouin=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, pitiful object; poor wretch. =chagrin=, _n.m._, sorrow, grief, vexation, trouble, concern, regret; fretfulness, peevishness, chagrin; shagreen (leather). _Mourir de —_; to die of a broken heart. _Demi-—_; half-bound. =chagrin=, =-e=, _adj._, gloomy, melancholy, sad, dull, fretful, peevish, waspish, discontented, sullen, cross, morose. =chagrinant=, =-e=, _adj._, sorrowful, sad; vexatious, provoking, troublesome. ☉=chagrinement= (-mān), _adv._, sorrowfully; peevishly, fretfully. =chagriner=, _v.a._, to render gloomy, to grieve, to vex, to afflict, to cross, to trouble, to perplex, to disquiet; to shagreen (skins). _se_ =chagriner=, _v.r._, to fret, to vex one’s self, to grieve, to take on. =chagrinier=, _n.m._, shagreen-maker. =chahut=, _n.m._, vulgar dance; row, shindy. =chahuter=, _v.n._, to make a row, kick up a shindy. =chai=, _n.m._, wine store (above ground). =chaîne=, _n.f._, chain, shackle, cord; galleys, chain of galley-slaves; belting-course (for walls); bonds, bondage; drag-chain (of canals); warp (weaving); (land-surveying) chain, Gunter’s chain; (dancing) right and left. _— longue_; watch guard. _— de gilet_; Albert chain. _— de sûreté_; coupling-chain. _Charger quelqu’un de —s_; to load with fetters. _— de montagnes_; long ridge of mountains. _La — des idées_; the chain of ideas. _Attacher avec des —s_; to chain up. _Tendre des —s_; to lay chains across. _À la —_; chained up. _Faire la —_ (in a fire); to form in line; to pass buckets from hand to hand. =chaînetier= (shên-tié), _n.m._, chain-maker. =chaînette=, _n.f._, little chain; (arch.) catenary arch. =chaînon=, _n.m._, link. =chair=, _n.f._, flesh, meat; skin (of a person). _pl._, (paint.) flesh. _— vive_; quick flesh. _— morte_; dead skin. _— ferme_, _molle_; firm, soft, flesh. _—s baveuses_; (med.) proud flesh. _— blanche_; white meat. _— noire_; game. _— de poule_; goose-flesh, (med.) _cutis anseris_. _J’en ai la — de poule_; I shudder at the thought, it makes my flesh creep. _Un morceau de —_; a piece of meat. _La — d’un poisson_; the fleshy part of a fish. _Couleur de —_; flesh-color. _Convoitises de la —_; the lusts of the flesh. _Le Verbe s’est fait —_; the Word was made flesh. _La résurrection de la —_; the resurrection of the body. _Pester entre cuir et —_; to keep one’s ill humor to one’s self. _Hacher menu comme — à pâté_; to make mince meat of. _Ni — ni poisson_; neither fish, flesh nor fowl. _En — et en os_; in flesh and blood. =chaire=, _n.f._, pulpit; professorship; desk (in churches); bishop’s throne. _Monter en —_; to mount the pulpit. _— apostolique_; apostolic see. _— curule_; curule chair. _— de droit_; professorship of law. =chaise=, _n.f._, chair, seat; (carp.) timber-work, frame; curb; chaise (carriage). _— à dos_; high-backed chair. _— de paille_; straw-bottomed chair. _— percée_; close-stool. _— brisée_; folding chair. _— à deux chevaux_; chaise and pair. _— à bascule_; rocking-chair. _— à porteurs_; sedan-chair. _— longue_; lounging-chair; couch. =chaisier=, _n.m._, chair-maker; =chaisière=, _n.f._, chair-letter. =chako=, _n.m._ _V._ =shako=. =chaland=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, customer, purchaser. =chaland=, _n.m._, (nav.) lighter, barge. =chalandeau=, _n.m._, lighterman, bargeman. ☉=chalandise=, _n.f._, custom. =chalastique= (ka-), _adj._, (med.) chalastic. =chalcédoine=. _V._ =calcédoine=. =chalcite= (kalsit), _n.m._, (chem.) chalcite. =chalcographe= (kal-), _n.m._, chalcographer, engraver on brass. =chalcographie= (kal-), _n.f._, chalcography, engraving on brass; engraving establishment; printing-office (of the pope). =chaldaïque= (kal-), _adj._, Chaldaic. =chaldéen=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._ _V._ =chaldaïque=. =chaldéen=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, Chaldean. =chaldéen=, _n.m._, Chaldaic, Chaldean. =châle=, _n.m._, shawl. =châlet=, _n.m._, cheese-house, Swiss cottage. =chaleur=, _n.f._, heat, glow; fervency, zeal, ardor; warmth; (phys.) calorie. _Son style manque de —_; his style lacks warmth. _Les grandes —s_; the hot season; the height of summer. _Sentir de la —_; to feel warm. =chaleureu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, warm, ardent; glowing; spirited, vehement. ☉=châlit=, _n.m._, bedstead. ☉=chaloir=, _v.imp._, to care for, to matter. _Il ne m’en chaut_; I don’t care, it matters not to me. _Peu m’en chaut_; it signifies little to me. =chalon=, _n.m._, drag, drag-net. =chaloupe=, _n.f._, (nav.) ship’s boat, long boat, launch. _— canonnière_; gun-boat. =chalumeau=, _n.m._, stalk of corn; straw; pipe, reed; blow-pipe; shawm. =chalumet=, _n.m._, top (of a pipe). =chalut=, _n.m._, drag-net, trawl. =chalybé=, =-e= (ka-), _adj._, chalybeate. =chamade=, _n.f._, (milit.) parley, chamade. _Battre la —_; to sound a parley; to surrender, to yield. *=chamailler=, _v.n._, to bicker, to squabble, to wrangle. *_se_ =chamailler=, _v.r._, to squabble, to wrangle. _— des dents_; to feed, to stuff. *=chamaillis=, _n.m._, fray, squabble, uproar, wrangle. =charmarre=, _n.f._, smock-frock; lace, embroidery. =chamarrer=, _v.a._, to lace, to trim with lace, to bedizen; to load with ridicule. =chamarrure=, _n.f._, trimming, lacing, bedizening. =chambellan= (-bel-lān), _n.m._, chamberlain. =chambourin=, _n.m._, strass. =chambranle=, _n.m._, (carp.) chambranle; casing of a chimney, door-case, window-frame. _— de cheminée_; mantel-shelf. =chambre=, _n.f._, chamber, room; lodging, apartment; House (of parliament); (metal.) bead, chaplet; (opt.) camera, chamber; (artil.) chamber; (nav.) cabin; honey-comb (of cannon). _— ardente_; ardent chamber (history of France). _— claire_; light room; (opt.) camera lucida. _— haute_; House of Lords. _— à coucher_; bed-chamber. _— garnie_; furnished lodging. _Femme de —_; chambermaid. _Robe de —_; dressing-gown. _Garder la —_; to keep one’s room. _Convoquer les —s_; to convoke parliament. _Avoir des —s à louer dans la tête_; to be rather empty-headed, to be a visionary. _Arrêter_, _louer_, _une —_; to hire, to secure a room. _Faire une —_; to do (clean) a room. =chambré=, =-e=, _adj._, (of fire-arms) chambered, provided with a powder-chamber; honeycombed (of cannon). =chambrée=, _n.f._, persons sleeping in one room; (thea.) house; mess, barrack-room (of soldiers). =chambrelan=, _n.m._, (pop., l.u.) workman who works in his own room; single-room lodger. ☉=chambrer=, _v.n._, to chum together. _se_ =chambrer=, _v.r._, to become honeycombed. =chambrer=, _v.a._, to keep anyone confined either by force or art; to take one aside in a company; to chamber (of guns). =chambrette=, _n.f._, little room. ☉=chambrier=, _n.m._, chamberlain. =chambrière=, _n.f._, chamber-maid; (man.) horse-whip. =chame= _or_ =came=, _n.f._, (conch.) chama; muscle, heart-cockle. =chameau=, _n.m._, camel; (fig.) heavy fellow. _Rejeter le moucheron et avaler le —_; to strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel. =chamelier=, _n.m._, camel-driver. =chamelle=, _n.f._, female camel. =chamelon= (sham-lon), _n.m._, young camel. =chamois=, _n.m._, chamois, shamoy, wild goat; shammy; shammy-leather; chamois leather. =chamois=, _adj._, buff, drab. =chamoiser=, _v.a._, to shamoy. _se_ =chamoiser=, _v.r._, to be shamoyed. =chamoiserie=, _n.f._, chamois factory; chamois leather. =chamoiseur=, _n.m._, shamoy-dresser. =champ= (shān), _n.m._, field, piece of ground; career; opportunity, scope; matter, theme, subject; compass, space; (her.) field. _À tout bout de —_; every moment. _À travers —s_; over hedge and ditch, across country. _— de bataille_; field of battle. _— de courses_; race-course. _— de repos_; the churchyard, God’s acre. _— clos_; lists (for combat). _Sur-le-—_; at once, immediately. _Battre aux —s_; (milit.) to beat a salute. _Donner la clef des —s_; to give anyone his liberty. _Être aux —s_; to be in the country; (fig.) to be in a passion. _Courir les —s_; to run about the country. _Prendre la clef des —s_; to take to one’s heels; to bolt. _Le — est libre_; the coast is clear. _Il est fou à courir les —s_; he is as mad as a march hare. _Être aux —s_; not to know where one is. *=champagne=, _n.m._, champagne. _— frappé_; iced champagne. _— mousseux_; sparkling champagne. _— non mousseux_; still champagne. _Fine —_; liqueur brandy. *=champagniser=, _v.a._, to turn into champagne. =champart=, _n.m._, (feudality) field-rent paid in kind to the lord. =champarter=, _v.a._, to exercise the right of levying field-rent in kind. =champarteur=, _n.m._, bailiff charged to collect field-rent in kind. ☉=champeaux=, _n.m.pl._, grass fields. =champenois=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, native of Champagne. =champenois=, =-e=, _adj._, of Champagne. =champêtre=, _adj._, rural, rustic, country-like, sylvan. _Garde —_; keeper. =champignon=, _n.m._, mushroom, toadstool; waster, thief (in a candle); bonnet-stand, peg; (arch.) cap. *=champignonnière=, _n.f._, mushroom-bed. =champion=, _n.m._, champion, chieftain; combatant. =championnat=, _n.m._, championship. =champlure=, _n.f._, frost-bite (of a vine); tap-hole (of a cask). =chance=, _n.f._, hazard (at dice); chance, luck, good luck, good fortune; risk. _Courir la —_; to run the risk. _Être en —_; to be lucky, _or_ in luck’s way. _Souhaiter bonne — à quelqu’un_; to wish any one good luck. _Il n’est — qui ne retourne_; luck will change. =chancelant=, =-e=, _adj._, staggering, tottering, unsettled; unsteady, irresolute, wavering. =chanceler=, _v.n._, to stagger, to totter, to reel, to falter, to waver, to be unsteady. =chancelier=, _n.m._, chancellor. _Grand —_; high chancellor. =chancelière=, _n.f._, chancellor’s wife; foot-muff. =chancellement= (-mān), _n.m._, reeling, tottering, staggering, unsteadiness. =chancellerie= (-sèl-rî), _n.f._, chancellor’s house, office, chancellery. _Grande —_; office of the great seal. _Petite —_; office of the privy seal. =chanceu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, lucky, fortunate; uncertain, doubtful (of things). =chancir=, _v.n._, to grow musty, moldy. =chancissure=, _n.f._, mustiness, moldiness. =chancre=, _n.m._, (agri., bot., vet.) canker; (med.) chancre. =chancreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, cancerous, cankered; (med.) chancrous. =chandeleur= (shand-lēur), _n.f._, Candlemas. =chandelier=, _n.m._, candlestick; chandler, tallowchandler; (nav.) crotch. _— à manche_; flat candlestick. _— de mineur_; miner’s crowbar. _Être placé sur le —_; to occupy a conspicuous position. =chandelière=, _n.f._, tallow-chandler (woman). =chandelle=, _n.f._, candle, tallow-candle; light. _— plongée_; dip-candle. _— de glace_; icicle. _— de veille_; rush-light. _Moucher la —_; to snuff the candle. _Eteindre la —_; to put out the candle. _Souffler la —_; to blow out the candle. _Travailler à la —_; to work by candle-light. _Brûler la — par les deux bouts_; to burn the candle at both ends. _Le jeu n’en vaut pas la —_; it is not worth one’s while. _S’en aller comme une —_; to go off like the snuff of a candle. _Voir trente-six —s_; to be stunned; to see the stars by daylight. _C’est une économie de bouts de —_; that is penny wise and pound foolish. _Il vous doit une belle —_; he ought to be very grateful to you. =chandellerie=, _n.f._, candle-factory. =chanfrein=, _n.m._, forehead (of a horse); chanfrin (armor for a horse’s head); (arch.) chamfer, chamfret; (zoöl.) chaffron. =chanfreiner=, _v.a._, (arch.) to chamfer, to rabbet; (carp.) to cant, to edge. =change=, _n.m._, exchange (barter); (com.) exchange; money-change; agio; (fig.) wrong scent. _Lettres de —_; letters of exchange. _Agent de —_; stock-broker. _— commun_; average exchange. _— direct_; direct exchange. _— extérieur_; foreign exchange. _— du jour_; current exchange. _Commerce de —_; exchange business. _Cote de —_; current rate of exchange. _Fausse lettre de —_; forged bill. _Lettre de — sur l’étranger_; foreign bill of exchange. _Le — est au pair_; the exchange is at par. _Première de —_; first of exchange. _Seconde de —_; second of exchange. _Seule de —_; sole of exchange. _Au — de_; at the rate of exchange of. _Bureau de — de monnaie_; exchange office. _Donner le — à quelqu’un_; to put any one on the wrong scent. _Rendre le — à quelqu’un_; to give a Roland for an Oliver, _or_ tit for tat; to pay back in one’s own coin. _Tirer une lettre de — sur quelqu’un_; to draw a bill on anyone. =changeant=, =-e= (-jān, -t), _adj._, changeable, fickle, unsteady, variable, inconstant, unstable, unsettled (of the weather). =changement= (shanj-mān), _n.m._, change, alteration, changing, variation, mutation; (jur.) amendment. _Amener un —_; to bring about a change. _— à vue_; scene-shifting. _— de voie_; shunting. =changeoter= (-jo-té), _v.n._, (fam., l.u.) to change often. =changer=, _v.a._, to change, to exchange; to alter, to turn, to commute, to convert, to transform. _se_ =changer=, _v.r._, to be changed, converted; to alter, to change. =changer=, _v.n._, to change, to alter. _— de logis_, _de demeure_; to shift one’s quarters, to remove. _— d’avis_; to alter one’s mind. _— de chemise_; to change one’s shirt. _— d’habits_; to change clothes. _— de voie_ (rail.); to shunt. =changeur=, _n.m._, money-changer. =chanoine=, _n.m._, canon. =chanoinesse=, _n.f._, canoness. ☉=chanoinie=, _n.f._, canonry, canonship. =chanson=, _n.f._, song, ballad; ditty; (fig.) idle story, stuff, trash. _Refrain d’une —_; chorus of a song. _C’est toujours la même —_; it is the same thing over and over again; it is always harping on the same string. _Voilà bien une autre —_; that is another story altogether. _—s que tout cela!_ all idle stories! _—s!_ humbug, stuff! =chansonner=, _v.a._, (b.s.) to lampoon. =chansonnette=, _n.f._, little song, ditty. =chansonneur=, _n.m._, lampooner. =chansonnier=, _n.m._, ballad-writer; song-book. =chansonnière=, _n.f._, song-writer (woman). =chant=, _n.m._, singing, strain, song; air; lay, ditty, melody; chant, hymn, book. _Plain —_; plain chant, canto fermo. _Le — du coq_; the crowing of the cock. _— funèbre_; dirge. =chantable=, _adj._, fit to be sung, worth singing. =chantage=, _n.m._, extortion of hush money; blackmailing. =chantant=, =-e=, _adj._, tunable, easily sung, easily set to music; musical, harmonious. =chanteau=, _n.m._, hunch of bread; bit of stuff. =chantepleure= (shant-pleur), _n.f._, funnel with a rose; gully-hole. =chantepleurer=, _v.a._, to tread (grapes). =chanter=, _v.n._, to sing, to chant; to chirp, to warble, to crow; (fam.) to say too much. _Ce criminel a chanté à la question_; (fam.) that prisoner let the cat out of the bag. _— juste_, _agréablement_, _passablement_; to sing true, agreeably, tolerably. _— faux_; to sing out of tune. _— à livre ouvert_; to sing at sight. _C’est comme si vous chantiez_; it is as if you were talking to the wind. _L’alouette chante_; the lark carols. _Le coq chante_; the cock crows. _La cigale chante_; the grasshopper chirps. _— sur tous les tons_; to ring the changes on. _Tel chante qui ne rit pas_; the heart may be sad though the face be gay. _Je lui ai chanté sa gamme_; I lectured him finely. _— à faire pitié_; to sing wretchedly. =chanter=, _v.a._, to sing, to chant; to extol, to praise; to celebrate; to warble; to talk, to tell, stuff. _— victoire_; to cry victory, to crow over a victory. _Que me chantez-vous là?_ what stuff are you telling me now? _Se —_; to be sung. =chanterelle= (shān-trél), _n.f._, first string of a violin, &c.; decoy-bird; musical-bottle. =chanteu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, singing (of birds). =chanteur=, _n.m._, singer, vocalist; songster (of birds). _— des rues_; ballad-singer; extortioner. =chanteuse=, _n.f._, singer, street-singer, vocalist. =chantier= (-tié), _n.m._, timber-yard, wood-yard; stone-yard; dock-yard; stand, block, stocks; shop, shed. _L’ouvrage est sur le —_; the work is begun or in hand. *=chantignole=, _n.f._, (carp.) wooden block; bracket. =chantonner=, _a.n._, to hum, to hum a tune. ☉=chantonnerie= (to-n-rî), _n.f._, humming, drawling. =chantournage=, _n.m._, cutting in profile. =chantourné=, _n.m._, head-piece of a bedstead. =chantourner=, _v.a._, to cut in profile. =chantre=, _n.m._, singer, chorister, chanter; precentor, lay-clerk; songster, songstress (of birds). _Les —s des bois_; the feathered songsters. =chantrerie=, _n.f._, precentorship. =chanvre=, _n.m._, hemp. =chanvrier=, _n.m._, hemp-dresser, dealer in hemp. =chanvrière=, _n.f._, hemp-field. =chaos= (kaô), _n.m._, chaos, confusion, disorder. =chaotique=, _adj._, chaotic. =chape=, _n.f._, cope (church garment); (arch.) cope. _Disputer de la — à l’évêque_; to dispute about what does not concern one. =chapeau=, _n.m._, hat; bonnet; wreath of flowers (for a bride); (carp.) hand-piece; (bot.) cap; pileus (of a mushroom). _— à grand bord_; broad-brimmed hat. _— à petit bord_; narrow-brimmed hat. _— à haute forme_; tall-hat, top-hat. _— d’évêque_; (bot.) barrenwort. _— chinois_; (milit. mus.) Chinese bells. _— de paille d’Italie_; Leghorn hat. _La carre d’un —_; the crown of a hat. _— à cornes_; three-cornered hat. _Ôter son —_; to take off one’s hat. _— bas_; hat in hand. _—x bas!_ hats off. _— de paille_; straw hat. _— de velours_; velvet bonnet. _Le bord_, _la passe_, _la forme d’un —_; the border, the front, the shape of a hat. _— de fleurs_; garland of flowers. _Frère —_; assistant-brother (monk). _Enfoncer son —_; to pull one’s hat over one’s eyes; to screw up one’s courage. _Il y a eu bien des —x de reste_; there were many men killed. _Il n’y avait pas un seul —_; there wasn’t a single man there. ☉=chape-chute=, _n.f._, windfall, lucky hit. ☉=chape-chuter=, _v.n._, to make a slight noise. =chapelain= (shap-lin), _n.m._, chaplain. =chapeler= (sha-plé), _v.a._, to rasp (bread). =chapelet= (cha-plè), _n.m._, chaplet, rosary, beads, bead-roll; (man., arch.) chaplet; beads (in brandy). _Dire son —_; to tell one’s beads. _Défiler son —_; to say all one has to say; to empty one’s budget. _Il n’a pas gagné cela en disant son —_; he did not get that for nothing. =chapeli-er=, =-ère=, _n.m.f._, hatter, hat manufacturer. =chapelle=, _n.f._, chapel; church plate, living; vault of an oven. _Faire —_; (nav.) to broach to, to chapel the ship. _Maître de —_; precentor. _— ardente_; lights round a coffin. _Pour la petite — s’il vous plaît_; please remember the grotto. _Tenir —_; to attend divine service in state. =chapellenie= (sha-pèl-nî), _n.f._, chaplainship, chaplaincy. =chapellerie= (sha-pèl-rî), _n.f._, hat-making; hat-trade. =chapelure= (sha-plur), _n.f._, bread; raspings; grated bread. =chaperon= (sha-pron), _n.m._, chaperon, hood; shoulder-knot; chaperon; coping of a wall; holster-cap. =chaperonner=, _v.a._, to cope a wall; to chaperon (a young girl); to hood (a hawk). =chapier=, _n.m._, priest with a cope, cope-maker. =chapiteau=, _n.m._, (arch.) capital; crest; top; (of a press, mirror, &c.); head of a still; cap (of a fusee). =chapitre=, _n.m._, chapter (of a book, of knights, of a cathedral); chapter; chapter-house; subject, matter of discourse, head. _En voilà assez sur ce —_; that is quite enough on that score. _Avoir voix au —_; to have interest at the board. _Passons sur ce —_; let us waive the subject. =chapitrer=, _v.a._, to reprimand, to rebuke, to lecture any one. =chapon=, _n.m._, capon; sop in broth; crust of bread rubbed with garlic. _Le vol du —_; certain extent of ground about a country-seat. _Avoir les mains faites en — rôti_; to have crooked fingers; to be light-fingered. _Qui — mange — lui vient_; money begets money. =chaponneau=, _n.m._, (l.u.) young capon. =chaponner=, _v.a._, to capon. =chaponnière=, _n.f._, stew-pan (for capons). =chaque=, _adj._, each, every. _— pays a ses coutumes_; every country has its customs. _À — jour suffit sa peine_; sufficient for the day is the evil thereof. =char=, _n.m._, car, chariot. _— funèbre_; hearse. _— à bancs_; wagonette, jaunting car. _— de triomphe_; triumphal car. =charabia=, _n.m._, gibberish, gabble. =charade=, _n.f._, charade. =charançon=, _n.m._, snout, beetle, weevil. =charançonné=, =-e=, _adj._, (of corn) weeviled. =charbon=, _n.m._, coal; embers; charcoal; carbuncle; (agri.) black rust; (med.) anthrax. _— de bois_; charcoal. _— de terre_; coal. _Être sur les —s_; to be on thorns. _Mine à —_; coal-mine. =charbonnage=, _n.m._, (l.u.) coal-mining. =charbonnée=, _n.f._, short rib of beef. =charbonner=, _v.a._, to char; to black with coal; to besmut. _se_ =charbonner=, _v.r._, to be charred, to burn black, to smolder. =charbonnerie= (-bo-n-rî), _n.f._, coal-store. =charbonneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) carbuncled. =charbonnier=, _n.m._, charcoal-burner, coal-seller, coal-man; coal-shed, coal-hole; (ich.) coal-fish; (nav.) collier. _Le — est maître chez lui_ or _chez soi_; a man’s house is his castle. =charbonnière=, _n.f._, charcoal-kiln; coal-seller; coal-man’s wife; (orni.) titmouse. *=charbouiller=, _v.a._, (agri.) to blight. =charbucle=, _n.f._, (agri.) blight (in corn). =charcuter=, _v.a._, to chop up (meat); to hack, to mangle. =charcuterie= (-ku-trî), _n.f._, pork-butcher’s meat; pork-butcher’s business; dressed pork. =charcuti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, (-tié, -ti-èr), pork-butcher. =chardon=, _n.m._, thistle; spike (on a wall). _— aux ânes_; cotton-thistle. _— à foulon_; teasel. _— étoilé_; star-thistle. =chardonner=, _v.a._, to teasel (cloth). =chardonneret= (-do-n-rè), _n.m._, (orni.) gold-finch; painted-lady, butterfly. =chardonnette= _or_ =cardonnette=, _n.f._, prickly artichoke. =chardonnière=, _n.f._, thistle-waste. =charge=, _n.f._, load, lading, freight, pack; tax, expense; burden, clog; charge; accusation, imputation, indictment; post; place; office, employment; order, command, commission; custody, care; charge, onset; charge (of a gun); (vet., paint., jur.) charge; exaggeration, caricature. _Femme de —_; housekeeper. _Être à — à quelqu’un_; to be a burden upon any one. _Cela est à ma —_; I have to pay for that. _Il faut prendre le bénéfice avec les —s_; we must take the good with the bad. _Faire une —_; (milit.) to charge. _Se démettre de sa —_; to resign one’s place or office. _On a donné trop de — à ce mur_; this wall has been overloaded. _Sonner la —_; to sound the charge. _Revenir à la —_; to make a new attempt. _À la — de_, _à la — que_; upon condition that, provided that. _Prendre —_; to take in cargo. _Rompre —_; to break bulk. =chargé=, =-e=, _part._, loaded, burdened; (print.) foul (of proofs). _Dés —s_; loaded dice; registered (of a letter). _Le temps est —_; the weather is overcast. _— d’affaires_; chargé d’affaires, envoy. _— de cours_; assistant-lecturer; professor; substitute. =chargeant=, =-e= (-jān, -t), _adj._, clogging, heavy. =chargement=, _n.m._, cargo, lading, freight, shipment; bill of lading; shipment. =charger=, _v.a._, to load, to saddle, to lade, to freight, to charge; to burden, to clog, to overburthen, to encumber; to impute, to lay a thing to any one’s charge; to charge with, to command, to give a thing in charge, to trust with; to charge, to fall upon, to make an onset on; to load (a gun); to fill (pipe); to set down; to lay on; (paint.) to overcharge, to exaggerate. _— un fusil_; to load a gun. _— toutes les voiles_; to clap on all sails. _— une lettre_; to register a letter. _se_ =charger=, _v.r._, to take charge, to charge one’s self; to become overcast (of the weather); to burden one’s self, to saddle one’s self with. =charger=, _v.n._, to load; to exaggerate, to lay it on. =chargeur=, _n.m._, loader, ship-porter; (nav.) gunner. ☉=charier=. _V._ =charrier=. =chariot=, _n.m._, wagon, cart, truck, trolley, wain. (astron.) _Le grand —_; Charles’ wain; Ursa Major. _Le petit —_; Ursa Minor. =charitable=, _adj._, charitable. =charitablement=, _adv._, charitably. =charité=, _n.f._, charity, love, benevolence; alms, almsgiving. _Faire la —_; to give alms. _Demander la —_; to beg. _— bien ordonnée commence par soi-même_; charity begins at home. _Sœur de —_; sister of mercy. _La —, s’il vous plaît!_ a penny, kind gentleman, if you please. =charivari=, _n.m._, rough music, hubbub, clatter, noise, shindy. =charivariser=, _v.a._, to give rough music; to kick up a row. =charivariseur=, =charivarieur=, _or_ =charivariste=, _n.m._, mock-musician; rioter, roysterer. =charlatan=, _n.m._, mountebank, quack, charlatan, empiric, wheedler. =charlatane=, _n.f._, wheedler. =charlataner=, _v.a._, to gull, to wheedle, to cajole. =charlatanerie=, _n.f._, quackery, charlatanery, juggling. =charlatanesque=, _adj._, quackish. =charlatanisme=, _n.m._, quackery, charlatanism, charlatanry. =charlemagne=, _n.m._, (fig.) short broadsword. _Faire —_; to leave off a winner. =charlot=, _n.m._, curlew. _— de plage_; sea-lark. =charlotte=, _n.f._, (cook.) charlotte. =charmant=, =-e=, _adj._, charming, delightful, pleasing, lovely. =charme=, _n.m._, charm, spell, enchantment; attraction, delight; (bot.) horn-beam, yoke-elm. _Cela vous va comme un —_; that fits you perfectly, splendidly, to a tee. _Se porter comme un —_; to be in perfect health. _Sous le —_; under the spell. =charmer=, _v.a._, to charm, to enchant, to bewitch, to fascinate; to captivate, to please, to delight, to beguile, to while away. _Je suis charmé de vous voir_; I am delighted to see you. =charmeur=, _n.m._, (l.u.) charmer, enchanter. =charmeuse=, _n.f._, (l.u.) bewitching woman, enchantress. *=charmille=, _n.f._, horn-beam, yoke-elm; hedge of yoke-elm trees; bower, arbor. =charmoie=, _n.f._, grove of hornbeam or yoke-elm trees. =charnel=, =-le=, _adj._, carnal, sensual. =charnellement= (-mān), _adv._, carnally. =charnier=, _n.m._, charnel-house; ☉larder. =charnière=, _n.f._, hinge, joint. =charnu=, =-e=, _adj._, fleshy, plump; brawny, carneous. =charnure=, _n.f._, flesh, skin. *=charogne=, _n.f._, carrion; (fig.) blackguard. =charpente=, _n.f._, timber-work, carpenter’s work; frame, frame-work. _Bois de —_; timber. =charpenter=, _v.a._, to square timber; to hack, to mangle. =charpenterie= (-pān-trî), _n.f._, carpentry; carpenter’s work, carpenter’s trade; timberwork; timber-yard (of dock-yards). =charpentier= (-tié), _n.m._, carpenter; (whale-fishery), whale-cutter. =charpi=, _n.m._, cooper’s block. =charpie=, _n.f._, lint. _En —_; (of meat) boiled to rags. =charrée=, _n.f._, buck-ashes; lye. =charretée= (shar-tée), _n.f._, cart-load. =charretier= (shar-tié), _n.m._, carman, carter, wagoner; plow-boy, plowman. _Il n’y a si bon — qui ne verse_; it’s a good horse that never stumbles. _Jurer comme un — embourbé_; to swear like a trooper. =charreti-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, passable for carts, &c. _Chemin —_; cart-road. _Voie —ère_; track (space between the two wheels of a cart). =charrette=, _n.f._, cart. _— à bras_; hand-cart. _— à ressorts_; spring-cart. _Train de —_; skeleton-cart. _Mettre la — devant les bœufs_; to put the cart before the horse. _Mieux vaut être cheval que —_; better lead than be led. _C’est un avaleur de —s ferrées_; he is a great brag. =charriage=, _n.m._, cartage. =charrier=, _v.a._, to cart, to bring in a cart; to drift; (med.) to be loaded with. =charrier=, _v.n._, to drift (of ice), scud (of clouds). _La rivière charrie_; the river is filled with drift-ice. _— droit_; to behave properly; to do what is right. =charrier=, _n.m._, bucking-cloth. =charroi=, _n.m._, carting, wagonage. =charron=, _n.m._, wheelwright. =charronnage=, _n.m._, wheelwright’s work. =charroyer=, _v.a._, to cart (heavy things). =charrue=, _n.f._, plow. _Mettre la — devant les bœufs_; to put the cart before the horse. _Passer la — sur_; to plow. _Tirer la —_; to drudge, work hard. =charte=, _n.f._, charter; policy; title-deeds. _La grande —_; Magna Charta. =charte-partie=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) (com.) charter-party. =chartographe=, _n.m._, chartographer. =chartographique=, _adj._, chartographic. =chartographie=, _n.f._, chartography; mapping. ☉=charton= _or_ =charreton=, _n.m._, carter, coachman. ☉=chartre=, _n.f._, charter (old document). ☉=chartre=, _n.f._, prison; consumption. _Tenir quelqu’un en — privée_; to detain anyone illegally. =chartreuse=, _n.f._, Carthusian convent; Carthusian nun; isolated country-house; (cook.) mixed vegetables. _Liqueur —_; (cordial). =chartreux=, _n.m._, Carthusian friar, cat of a bluish gray. =chartrier=, _n.m._, charter-house; charter-room, muniment-room; keeper of charters. =chartron=, _n.m._ _Faire_ or _former le —_; to stand in a row near the footlights. =charybde=, _n.m._, Charybdis. _Tomber de — en Scylla_; to fall from the frying-pan into the fire. =chas=, _n.m._, eye (of a needle); weaver’s starch; (tech.) plumb rule. =châsse=, _n.f._, reliquary; shrine; frame; handle (of lancets); cheek (of a balance). =chassé=, _n.m._, chasse, a step in dancing. =chasse=, _n.f._, chase, hunt, hunting, chasing, pursuit; game; (mus.) chasse; play (of machinery). _— à courre_; coursing, hunting. _— au tir_; shooting. _— au vol_, _— aux oiseaux_; fowling. _— aux flambeaux_; bat fowling. _Un garde-—_; a game-keeper. _Prendre —_ (nav.); to sheer off. _Donner —_; to pursue. _Soutenir —_; to maintain a running fight. =chasse-avant=, _n.m._, (_—_) overseer, foreman. =chasse-chien=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) beadle; keeper employed to drive away dogs. =chasse-coquins=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) beggar-driver, beadle. =chasse-cousins=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) paltry dinner, bad wine; cold shoulder, poor reception. =chasse-croisé=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (dancing) chasse-croisé; (fig.) a change of office or situation. =chasse-ennui=, _n.m._, (_—_) an exhilarant, stimulant. =chasselas= (shas-la), _n.m._, grapes, chasselas. =chasse-marée=, _n.m._, (_—_) fish-cart; driver of a fish-cart; lugger. =chasse-mouches=, _n.m._, (_—_) fly-flap; fly-net. =chasse-mulet=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) miller’s man. =chasse-neige=, _n.m._, snow-plow. =chasse-pierres=, _n.m._, (_—_) (railways) guard-iron, cow-catcher; catapult. *=chasse-poignée=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) cutler’s tool, driver. =chassepot=, _n.m._, name of the rifle in use in the French army until 1871. =chasser=, _v.a._, to hunt, to chase, to pursue; to beat (gold); to turn out, to expel; to drive, to drive forward. _— un clou_; to drive in a nail. _— un domestique_; to turn away, to discharge, a servant. _Qui deux choses chasse, ni l’une ni l’autre ne prend_; (prov.) between two stools one falls to the ground. _— le mauvais air_; to ventilate. _Ne pas — deux lièvres à la fois_; not to have too many irons in the fire. _Un clou chasse l’autre_; one idea drives away another. _— la terre_; (nav.) to approach, to reconnoiter, the coast. =chasser=, _v.n._, to shoot; to hunt; to roll along easily; to drive (of clouds); (print.) to drive out. _— au fusil_; to shoot. _— aux perdrix_; to shoot partridges. _— aux lions_; to hunt lions. _— sur son ancre_; (nav.) to drag the anchor. _— à courre_; to hunt, to course. _— au faucon_; to hawk. _— de race_; (prov.) to be a chip of the old block. _— aux blancs moineaux_; to lose one’s time in running after impossibilities. =chasseresse= (shas-rès), _n.f._, huntress. =chasse-roue=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) spur-post; guard-iron. =chasseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, hunter, sportsman; huntsman, gamekeeper; chasseur (footman); light infantry soldier; ship that chases another. _—s à cheval_; (milit.) light cavalry. =chassie=, _n.f._, gum of the eye. =chassieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, blear-eyed. =châssis=, _n.m._, (print.) chase; window-sash frame. _Fenêtre à —_; sash-window. _— dormant_; the fixed part of a window-frame. _— de jardin_, _de couche_; garden-frame; glass-frame. (motor) chassis. _— presse_; (phot.) printing-frame. =chassoir=, _n.m._, cooper’s tool, driver; (tech.) drift. =chaste=, _adj._, chaste, continent, honest, modest, pure, virtuous; (style) neat, correct, terse. =chastement=, _adv._, chastely, honestly, purely, virtuously. =chasteté=, _n.f._, chastity, chasteness, continence, purity. =chasuble=, _n.f._, chasuble. =chasublier=, _n.m._, maker of chasubles. =chat=, _n.m._, =-te=, _n.f._, cat; darling, dear; searcher (to examine cannons); plumb-rule; (nav.) cat. _Petit —_; kitten. _Herbe aux —s_; cat’s-mint. _— musqué_; civet, musk-cat. _— cervier_; lynx. _— bon aux souris_; good mouser. _— à neuf queues_; cat-o’-nine-tails. _Votre chatte est pleine_; your cat is with kitten. _À bon — bon rat_; set a thief to catch a thief; tit for tat; diamond cut diamond. _— échaudé craint l’eau froide_; a burnt child dreads the fire. _La nuit tous les —s sont gris_; when candles are away all cats are grey. _Il n’y a pas là de quoi fouetter un —_; it is a mere trifle. _N’éveillez pas le — qui dort_; let sleeping dogs lie. _Acheter — en poche_; to buy a pig in a poke. _Se servir de la patte du — pour tirer les marrons du feu_; to make a cat’s-paw of anyone. _Il n’y a pas un —_; there is not a living soul there. _Le — parti, les souris dansent_; when the cat’s away the mice will play. _Comme — sur braise_; like a cat on hot bricks. _Œil-de-—_; calf’s snout, snapdragon. _Patte-de-—_; ground-ivy. _Pied-de-—_; cat’s-foot, ale-hoof, tune-hoof. _Sabbat de —_, _musique de —_; caterwauling. _Mon petit —_; (term of endearment) my dear, my darling. _Appeler un — un —_; to call a spade a spade, not to mince matters. _Avoir un — dans la gorge_; to have a phlegm in one’s throat (of singers). _Nous avons d’autres —s à fouetter_; we have other fish to fry. _— en poche_; a pig in a poke. _Bailler le — par les pattes_; to bell the cat. _Ces gens vivent comme chien et —_; these people live like cat and dog. _Emporter le —_; to go away without paying one’s reckoning, to take French leave. *=châtaigne=, _n.f._, chestnut. _— amère_; horse-chestnut. _— d’eau_; water-caltrops. *=châtaigneraie=, _n.f._, chestnut grove. *=châtaignier=, _n.m._, chestnut-tree or wood. =châtain=, _adj._, chestnut, nut-brown, auburn. _— clair_; light auburn. =chataire=, _n.f._ _V._ =cataire=. =château=, _n.m._, castle, fort, citadel; country-seat, mansion, palace. _— fort_; fortress. _— seigneurial_; baronial-hall. _Faire des —x en Espagne_; to build castles in the air. _— de carte_; house of cards. _— d’eau_; water-works, artificial fountain. =châteaubriand=, _n.m._, fillet-steak. =châtelain= (shâ-tlin), _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._ and _adj._, lord, lady, of a manor, squire. =châtelé=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) turreted. ☉=châtelet= (sha-tlè), _n.m._, small castle; a former prison or law-courts at Paris. ☉=châtellenie=, _n.f._, castellany, castle-ward. ☉=chatepeleuse=, _n.f._, curculio, weevil. =chat-huant= (sha-uān), _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) owl, screech-owl, horn-owl. =châtiable=, _adj._, chastisable, punishable. =châtier= (-tié), _v.a._, to chastise, to correct, to punish, to scourge, to flog; (c.rel.) to chasten. _Qui aime bien, châtie bien_; spare the rod and spoil the child. _— une pièce de vers_; to polish a piece of poetry. =chatière= (-ti-èr), _n.f._, cat’s hole; cat-trap. =châtiment=, _n.m._, chastisement, correction, punishment, castigation; (c.rel.) chastening. =chatoiement= _or_ =chatoîment=, _n.m._, chatoyment, sparkling, glistening, play of colors. =chaton=, _n.m._, kitten; bezel (of a ring); outward husk or cup of the nut; (bot.) catkin; case of a watch. *=chatouillement=, _n.m._, tickling; titillation. *=chatouiller=, _v.a._, to tickle, to titillate; to please, to gratify; to flatter; to touch a horse lightly with the spur. _se_ =chatouiller=, _v.r._, to tickle oneself; to excite oneself (to gayety, good humor). *=chatouilleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, ticklish, delicate, nice; touchy. =chatoyant=, =-e=, _adj._, chatoyant, shot, glistening (of colors). =chatoyer=, _v.n._, to be chatoyant, to glisten; to play (of colors); (of style) to be florid. =chat-pard=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) mountain-cat. =châtré=, _n.m._, eunuch. _Voix de —_; shrill voice. =châtré=, =-e=, _adj._, emasculate, castrated. =châtrer=, _v.a._, to castrate; to expurgate; to take away the honey and wax from a bee-hive; to lop, prune; (fig.) to mutilate, to curtail, to retrench; (vet.) to geld. _— une truie_; to spay a sow. _— des cotrets_; to take sticks from fagots of wood. _— les tiges de tabac_; to top tobacco-plants. _se_ =châtrer=, _v.r._, to castrate oneself; to be mutilated (of books, plays, &c.). =châtreur=, _n.m._, gelder. =châtrure=, _n.f._, castrating; gelding. =chatte=, _n.f._, she-cat. _V._ =chat=. =chattée=, _n.f._, litter of kittens. =chattemite=, _n.f._, demure-looking person; hypocrite, dissembler. =chatter=, _v.n._, to kitten. =chatterie=, _n.f._, playfulness; hypocritical caress; daintiness; pretty or coaxing way. =chaud=, =-e=, _adj._, hot, warm, burning, glowing; ardent; fervent, fervid, fierce; zealous, eager; coaxing, hasty, hot-headed, passionate; proud (of animals). _Fièvre —e_; violent fever. _Pleurer à —es larmes_; to cry bitterly. _Tomber de fièvre en — mal_; to fall out of the frying-pan into the fire. _Faire —_; to be warm (of weather). _Avoir la tête —e_; to be passionate. _Tout —_; quite hot. _Il faut battre le fer pendant qu’il est —_; (prov.) strike while the iron is hot; make hay while the sun shines. _Cet ouvrage est tout —_; this work is quite new. _Ne trouver rien de trop — ni de trop froid_; to wish to have everything. _La donner bien —e_; to excite unnecessarily great alarm. _Être — de vin_; (fam.) to be a little sprung. _L’action fut —e_; (milit.) the engagement was a warm one. _Manger —_, _boire —_; to eat, drink, warm things. =chaud=, _n.m._, heat, warmth. _Il fait —_; it is hot. _Il fait grand —_; it is very hot. _Avoir —_; to be hot. _Souffrir le — et le froid_; to endure heat and cold. _Cela ne fait ni — ni froid_; that is immaterial, of no importance; that is neither here nor there. _Souffler le — et le froid_; to blow hot and cold in the same breath. _Cela ne lui fait ni — ni froid_; that is quite indifferent to him. =chaud=, _adv._, hot, warm. =chaude=, _n.f._, (metal.) heating. _Battre la —_; to beat whilst the metal is hot. _À la —_; in the first heat of passion, on the spur of the moment. ☉=chaudeau=, _n.m._, caudle; egg-flip. =chaudelait=, _n.m._, batter-pudding. =chaudement= (shôd-mān), _adv._, warmly, briskly, quickly, eagerly, fiercely, hotly. =chaud-froid=, _n.m._, fancy dish (eaten cold). =chaudier=, _v.n._, (hunt.) (of bitches) to be proud; to couple. =chaudière=, _n.f._, copper, large kettle; boiler (of a steam-engine). =chaudret= _or_ =chauderet=, _n.m._, (gold-beating) mould of about one thousand leaves. =chaudron=, _n.m._, large kettle, boiler, caldron. =chaudronnée=, _n.f._, caldronful, kettleful. =chaudronnerie=, _n.f._, coppersmith’s trade, copper wares, brazier’s wares. =chaudronni-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, brazier, coppersmith. _— de campagne_; tinker. =chauffage=, _n.m._, fuel, firewood, firing; right of cutting firewood; (nav.) breaming. =chauffe=, _n.f._, (metal.) furnace. =chauffe-assiettes=, _n.m._, (_—_) plate-warmer. =chauffe-chemise=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) _or_ =chauffe-linge=, _n.m._, (_—_) clothes-horse, linen-warmer. =chauffe-cire=, _n.m._, (_—_) (pers.) chafe-wax. =chauffe-lit=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) bed-warmer. =chauffe-pieds=, _n.m._, (_—_) foot-warmer. =chauffer=, _v.a._, to heat, to warm; to excite. _— un vaisseau_; (nav.) to bream a ship. _— un poste_; (milit.) to keep up a sharp fire on a post. _— quelqu’un_; to pay any one off. _se_ =chauffer=, _v.r._, to warm one’s self. _Ne pas se — du même bois_; not to be of the same way of thinking. _Savoir de quel bois on se chauffe_; to know what stuff anyone is made of. =chauffer=, _v.n._, to be heating, to grow hot; to be brewing; to be urgent, pressing; (of a steam engine) to get up steam. _Ce n’est pas pour vous que le four chauffe_; there is nothing for you. =chaufferette= (shô-frèt), _n.f._, foot-warmer (in the house); chafing-dish. =chaufferie=, _n.f._, chafery, stoke-hole. =chauffeur=, _n.m._, fireman, stoker, chauffeur; bellows-blower; (fig.) braggart, humbug. =chauffoir=, _n.m._, warming-place; warm cloth; heater. =chauffure=, _n.f._, flaw (in iron or steel). =chaufour=, _n.m._, lime-kiln. =chaufournier=, _n.m._, lime-burner. =chaulage=, _n.m._, (agri.) liming. =chauler=, _v.a._, to lime; to steep wheat in lime-water previous to sowing it. =chaulier=, _n.m._, lime-burner. =chaumage=, _n.m._, stubble-cutting; time at which stubble is cut. =chaume=, _n.m._, stubble; stubble-field; thatch; (bot.) culm, haulm. _Être né sous le —_; to be born in a cottage. _Couvreur en —_; thatcher. _Couvrir de —_; to thatch. _Plein de —_; stubbly. =chaumer=, _v.a._ and _n._, to cut stubble. =chaumière=, _n.f._, thatched house, cottage, cot. =chaumine=, _n.f._, small cottage, hut. =chaussant=, =-e=, _adj._, (l.u.) easy to put on, fitting (leg or foot). =chausse=, _n.f._, stocking, hose; shoulder-knot; straining-bag, filter. _— d’aisances_; waste-pipe of a water-closet. =chaussé=, =-e=, _part._, shod. _Bien —_; well-shod, nicely booted. _Ils sont chaussés au même point_; they get on capitally. =chaussée=, _n.f._, causeway; bank, highway. _Au rez de —_; level with the ground. _J’habite le rez-de-chaussée_; I live on the ground-floor. =chausse-pied=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) shoe-horn; (fig.) help, assistance. =chausser=, _v.a._, to put on (shoes, boots, stockings); to make shoes; to get firmly fixed into one’s head; to suit; (man.) to put one’s feet too far forward in the stirrups. _— le cothurne_; to put on the buskin, go on the tragic stage; to write in an inflated style. _— le brodequin_; to put on the sock, go on the comic stage; to compose, to act comedy. _Les cordonniers sont les plus mal chaussés_; nobody is worse shod than the shoemaker’s wife. _— des arbres_; to earth up trees. _— une opinion_; to be wedded to an opinion. _Cet homme n’est pas aisé à chausser_; (fam. and fig.) that man is not easily persuaded. _se_ =chausser=, _v.r._, to put on one’s shoes, boots, stockings; to become strongly wedded to an opinion. =chausser=, _v.n._, to make boots or shoes, to wear shoes. _Ils chaussent au même point_; they wear shoes of the same size; (fig.) they are of the same stamp. =chausses=, _n.f.pl._, breeches, small-clothes, trowsers. _— à tuyaux d’orgue_; trunk hose. _Ne pas avoir de —_; to be very poor. _Avoir la clef de ses —_; to be one’s own master. _Laisser ses — quelque part_; to leave one’s bones somewhere, to die. _Tirer ses —_; to scamper away. _Elle porte les —_; she wears the breeches. =chaussetier= (shôs-tié), _n.m._, hosier. =chausse-trape=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (milit.) caltrop; snare, trap; (bot.) star-thistle. =chaussette=, _n.f._, sock; under-stocking; anklet. =chausson=, _n.m._, sock; under-stocking; pump; light shoe (worn when playing rackets, or when fencing); list-shoe; puff-paste; fruit-tart. =chaussure=, _n.f._, foot-gear, shoes, slippers, boots, pumps. _Il a trouvé — à son pied_; he has found what he wanted; he has met with his match. =chauve=, _adj._, bald, baldpated. =chauve-souris=, _n.f._, (_—s-—_) bat, flitter-mouse. ☉=chauveté= (shôv-té), _n.f._, baldness, calvity. =chauvinisme=, _n.m._, Chauvinism. =chauvir=, _v.n._, to prick up the ears (of horses, asses, mules). =chaux=, _n.f._, lime; limestone; (chem.) calx, lime. _— éteinte_; slaked lime. _— vive_; quicklime. _Pierre à —_; limestone. _Donner un blanc de —_; (mas.) to give a coat of whitewash. _Être fait à — et à ciment_, or _à — et à mortier_; to be well and solidly done. =chavirement=, _n.m._, capsizing, upsetting. =chavirer=, _v.n._, to capsize, to upset. =chavirer=, _v.a._, to turn upside down; to turn inside out. =chebec=, _n.m._, (nav.) xebec. =chef=, _n.m._, chief, head, commander, conductor, master, principal, ringleader, foreman (of a jury); fag-end (of a piece of linen); (nav.) end of a cable; (med.) tail of a bandage. _En —_; in chief. _— de bureau_; senior clerk. _— de cabinet_; head of a department. _— d’état-major_; chief of the staff. _— d’état major-général_; quarter-master-general. _— de musique_; band-master. _— d’orchestre_; musical-director. _— de parti_; party-leader. _— de pièce_; captain of a gun. _— de rayon_; (com.) head of a department. _— de train_; railway guard. _— de famille_; head of a house. _— de cuisine_; master-cook. _— d’accusation_; count of indictment, charge. _Faire quelque chose de son —_; to do a thing on one’s own responsibility. _De son —_; in one’s own right. =chef-d’œuvre= (shè-deuvr), _n.m._, (_—s-—_) trial piece; master-piece; master-stroke. ☉=chefecier=. _V._ =chevecier=. =chef-lieu=, _n.m._, (_—s-—x_) chief residence; head-quarters, chief town; county-town. =chégros=, _n.m._, shoemaker’s thread or end, cobbler’s-ends, wax end. =cheik= _or_ =scheik=, _n.m._, sheik. =chéiroptère= (ké-). _V._ =chiroptère=. =chélidoine= (ké-), _n.f._, (bot.) celandine, swallow-wort. =chélone= (ké-), _n.f._, (bot.) chelone, snake-head, shell-flower. =chélonée= (ké-), _n.f._, sea-tortoise. =chélonite= (ké-), _n.f._, chelonite. ☉_se_ =chêmer=, _v.r._, to fall away, to waste, to pine. =chemin=, _n.m._, way, road, path, track; means; course; (nav.) way; (railways) line, road. _Grand —_; highway, high-road. _Voleur de grands —s_; highwayman. _— passant_; much frequented thoroughfare. _—s vicinaux_, _communaux_; village, parochial roads. _— de traverse_; cross-road. _— détourné_; out of the way road. _— de fer_; railway, railroad. _— de fer à rail plat_; tramroad. _— de service_; (railways) attendant path. _Embranchement de — de fer_; branch railway. _Le — de l’hôpital_; the way to the work-house. _— couvert_; (fort.) covered way, corridor. _— de halage_; towing-path. _À mi-—_; half-way. _— faisant_; on the way. _— de velours_; the primrose path. _Le — des écoliers_; the longest way. _Se mettre en —_; to begin a journey. _Rebrousser —_; to go back. _Être toujours par voie et par —_; to be always gadding about. _Aller toujours son —_; to pursue one’s point. _Aller son petit bonhomme de —_; to jog along quietly. _Passez votre —_; go your way. _Tout — mène à Rome_; there are more ways to heaven than one. _Ce jeune homme fera son —_; this young man will make his way. _N’y pas aller par quatre —s_; not to beat about the bush. _Qui trop se hâte, reste en —_; slow and sure wins the race. _— de Saint-Jacques_; (astron.) milky-way. _Faire voir du —_; to give trouble. =chemineau=, _n.m._, portable stove; tramp. =cheminée=, _n.f._, chimney; fire-place; mantel-shelf; nipple (of a percussion gun). _Tuyau de —_; chimney-flue. _Ramoneur de —_; chimney-sweep. _Corps de —_; chimney-stack. _Sous le manteau de la —_; secretly (sub rosâ). _Il faut faire une croix à la —_; we must chalk that up. _Se chauffer à la — du roi René_; to warm one’s self in the sun. =cheminement=, _n.m._, (milit.) approach, progress (of siege operations). =cheminer=, _v.n._, to walk, to go; to proceed leisurely; to be well connected (of things). _Ce poème chemine bien_; the various parts of this poem are well connected. =chemise=, _n.f._, shirt, shift, chemise; (fort., mas.) chemise; coat (of a mold); wrapper, cover, envelope; case. _— blanche_; clean shirt. _— de nuit_; night-gown; night-shirt. _— de mailles_; coat of mail. _Vendre jusqu’à sa —_; to sell the shirt off one’s back. _Passer une —_; to put on a shirt. _La peau est plus proche que la —_; near is my shirt, but nearer is my skin. _En manches de —_; in shirt-sleeves. _Le temps de mettre une —_; just time to dress. =chemiser=, _v.a._, to coat. =chemiserie=, _n.f._, shirt-warehouse; shirt-making; shirts. =chemisette=, _n.f._, light under-waistcoat; shirt-front; dicky; chemisette. _Corps de —_; habit-shirt. =chemisi-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, shirt-maker. =chênaie=, _n.f._, oak-plantation. =chenal=, _n.m._, channel, watercourse (of harbors, &c.); (geog.) track; gutter (of roofs). =chenaler=, _v.n._, (nav.) to sail through a channel. =chenapan=, _n.m._, (pop.) vagabond, good for nothing wretch, scamp, blackguard. =chêne=, _n.m._, (bot.) oak. _De —_; oaken. _— vert_; evergreen-oak. _— liège_; cork-tree. =chêneau=, _n.m._, young oak. =chéneau=, _n.m._, gutter (of roofs). =chenet=, _n.m._, andiron, fire-dog. =chênette=, _n.f._, (bot.) germander. _— amère_; wall germander. =chènevière=, _n.f._, hemp-field. =chènevis= (shèn-vi), _n.m._, hemp-seed. =chènevotte=, _n.f._, boon, stalk (of hemp). =chènevotter=, _v.n._, (agri.) to shoot weak wood. =chenil= (-ni), _n.m._, dog-kennel; dirty hovel; kennel of hounds. *=chenille=, _n.f._, caterpillar, worm; kind of silk cord; kind of dressing-gown; evil doer; bore (troublesome person). _— velue_; hairy caterpillar. _— rase_; naked caterpillar. _Laid comme une —_; as ugly as a toad. *=chenillette=, _n.f._, (bot.) caterpillar. =chénopode= (ké-), _n.m._, (bot.) all-good. =chenu=, =-e=, _adj._, hoary, hoar-back; gray-headed. =cheptel= (shĕ-tèl), _n.m._, (jur.) lease of cattle; cattle leased out. =chèque=, _n.m._, check; cheque. _— barré_; crossed cheque. =ch-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, dear, beloved; dear, costly, expensive. _Rendre —_; to endear. _Il fait — vivre à Paris_; living is dear in Paris. =cher=, _adv._, dear, dearly. _Acheté_, _payé —_; dear bought. _Je le lui ferai payer plus — qu’au marché_; I will make him pay dearly for it. _Faire payer trop —_; to ask too much for. =chᵉʳ.=, ab. for Chevalier. =chercher=, _v.a._, to seek, to look for, to search, to be in quest of; to endeavor, to cast about for, to attempt, to try to find. _Que cherchez-vous?_ what are you looking for? _Aller —_; to go and bring, to go and fetch, to go for. _Je viendrai vous —_; I will come for you. _Envoyer —_; to send for. _Il est allé — son cheval_; he has gone to fetch his horse. _Allez me — la lettre_; go and bring me the letter. _— noise_, _— querelle à_; to pick a quarrel with. _— quelqu’un par mer et par terre_; to look for any one high and low. _— des yeux_; to look for. _— midi à quatorze heures_; to seek for difficulties where there are none; (prov.) to look for a knot in a bulrush. _Le bien cherche le bien_; money begets money; money flies to money; deep calls to deep. =chercheu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, seeker, searcher, inquirer. _— de franches lippées_; spunger. =chère=, _n.f._, cheer, entertainment, fare; reception. _Bonne —_; junketing. _Homme de bonne —_; a man who likes good living. _Faire bonne —_; to live well. _Faire maigre —_; to live poorly. _Ne savoir quelle — faire à quelqu’un_; not to know how to welcome any one enough. _Il n’est — que d’appétit_; hunger is the best sauce. _Il n’est — que de vilain_; there is nothing like a miser’s feast. _Faire — de prince à quelqu’un_; treat any one sumptuously. =chèrement=, _adv._, dearly, tenderly; dear, at a high price. =chéri=, =-e=, _part._, beloved, cherished. =chérif=, _n.m._, (_—s_) cherif (Arabian prince). =chérir=, _v.a._, to love dearly, to cherish; to hug. =chérissable=, _adj._, deserving, worthy of love. =cherté=, _n.f._, dearness, high price, dearth. =chérubin=, _n.m._, cherub. =chervis=, _n.m._, (bot.) skirret. =chéti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, lean, thin, pitiful, piteous, puny; sorry, bad, mean, wretched. =chétivement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, meanly, pitifully, sorrily, poorly, penuriously; feebly. =cheulard=, _n.m._, lout, gaby. =cheval=, _n.m._, horse, nag; horse-flesh; (astron.) horse. _— de frise_; cheval de frise. _— fondu_; saddle my nag (game). _— marin_; sea-horse. _— de rivière_; river-horse. _Fer à —_; horse-shoe. _— gris pommelé_, _truité_, _aubère_, _rouan_, _poil de souris_, _isabelle_, _soupe au lait_; dapple-gray, trout-colored, fleabitten-gray, roan, mouse-colored, light dun, cream-colored, horse. _Petit —_; nag, pony. _— de parade_, _de bataille_; prancer, charger. _— de selle_, _de chasse_, _de trait_; saddle-horse, hunter, draught-horse. _— de brancard_, _de main_, _à deux mains_; shaft-horse, led-horse, saddle and shaft-horse. _— de bât_; pack-horse; lout, booby. _— de course_, _d’amble_; race-horse, nag. _— de Barbarie_ or _Barbe_; barb. _— entier_; _— hongre_; entire horse, stone-horse; gelding. _— à bascule_; rocking-horse. _— simulé_; (fowling) stalking-horse. _— de bois_; (milit.) horse (for punishment). _— de charrue_, _de labour_; plow-horse. _— de conduite_; led horse. _— de gauche_; near-side horse. _— sous la main_; off-side horse. _— de louage_; horse for hire, livery horse. _— à une main_; horse for riding or driving only. _— à deux mains_, _à deux fins_, _à toutes mains_; horse for riding and driving. _— de race_, _de pur sang_; blood-horse. _— au vert_; grass-horse. _— qui a beaucoup d’action_; high stepper. _Chevaux de frise_; (milit.) chevaux de frise. _Case_, _wagon_, _pour les chevaux_; horse-box. _Chair de —_; horse-flesh. _L’art de monter à —_; horsemanship. _Aller à —_; to ride. _À —!_ to horse! _Être à —_; to be on horseback. _Être à — sur un bâton_; to ride a stick. _Il est le — de bât_; he is the drudge. _Travail de —_; hard work. _Brider son — par la queue_; to begin at the wrong end. _Parler à —_; to speak magisterially, severely. _Être mal à —_; to be in a quandary. _Monter sur ses grands chevaux_; to ride the high horse. _À — donné il ne faut point regarder à la bride_; one must not look a gift horse in the mouth. _Il n’est si bon — qui ne bronche_; ’tis a good horse that never stumbles. _Huile de —_; horse-grease. _Être à — sur l’étiquette_; to be a stickler for etiquette. _Changer son — borgne contre un aveugle_; to make a bad bargain; to change for the worse. _L’œil du maître engraisse le —_; matters prosper under the master’s eye. =chevalement=, _n.m._, (arch.) prop, stay, shore. =chevaler=, _v.a._, to prop, to shore up. =chevaler=, _v.n._, to run about, to run up and down. =chevaleresque=, _adj._, chivalrous, knightly. =chevalerie=, _n.f._, knighthood, chivalry. _— errante_; knight-errantry. =chevalet=, _n.m._, wooden horse (instrument of torture); bridge (of a stringed instrument); easel; the gallows of a printing-press; horse for scraping hides on; sawing-trestle or horse; buttress, prop, shore; clothes-horse; cross-beam (of a dormer window); pyrotechnist’s horse or rack; (nav.) roller (to pass the cables from one place to another). _Tableau de —_; (paint.) easel-piece. =chevalier=, _n.m._, knight; cavalier; knight (at chess); (orni.) sandpiper. _Armer quelqu’un —_; to dub any one a knight. _— d’honneur_; the first gentleman-usher to the queen. _Le — du guet_; formerly the captain of the night watch at Paris. _— de l’arquebuse_; one of the artillery-company. _— errant_; knight-errant. _— d’industrie_; one that lives by his wits, sharper, swindler. _— de la coupe_; tavern-knight. _Se faire le — de quelqu’un_; to stand up for any one. _— de Saint-Louis_; knight of St. Louis. _— de la légion d’honneur_; knight of the legion of honor. _— rouge_; (orni.) red-shank. =chevalière=, _n.f._, knight’s lady; signet-ring. =chevaline=, _adj._, equine, of horses. =chevalis=, _n.m._, passage, canal (cut in the bed of a river). ☉=chevance=, _n.f._, goods and chattels, substance. =chevane=, _n.f._, (pisc.) chub, cheven. =chevauchage=, _n.m._, (print.) riding. =chevauchant=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) equitant. =chevauchée=, _n.f._, circuit, progress; riding. =chevauchement= (-vôsh-mān), _n.m._, (of bones) overlapping. =chevaucher=, _v.n._, to ride, to be astride; (nav.) to ride, to cross; (carp.) to overlap; (print. and surg.) to ride. =chevaucher=, _v.a._ _— le vent_; to beat up against the wind. =chevaucheur=, _n.m._, rider, horseman. ☉_à_ =chevauchons=, _adv._, astraddle. =chevau-léger=, _n.m._, light-horseman. _—-—s_; light cavalry. =chevêche=, _n.f._, white owl, owlet, church owl. =chevecier=, _n.m._, dean (of certain chapters). =chevelé=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) (of the hair) crined. =cheveline= (shĕv-), _n.f._, coral club-top. =chevelu=, =-e=, (shĕve-), _adj._, long-haired, hairy; (bot.) fibrous; (of literature) romantic. _Comète —e_; haired comet. _Cuir —_; scalp. =chevelu=, _n.m._, (bot.) chevelure; beard of the root. =chevelure= (shĕv-), _n.f._, hair, head of hair; scalp. _La — de Bérénice_; (constellation) Berenice’s hair (Coma Berenices). =chever=, _v.a._, (gold.) to hollow out. =chevet=, _n.m._, pillow; bolster; the head (of a bed); bedside; (nav.) cushion, bag. _Droit de —_; sort of fee or present. _Le — d’une église_; apsis of a church. _Trouver quelque chose sous son —_; to dream of anything. _C’est son épée de —_; he is his trusty councilor. =chevêtre=, _n.m._, halter; (carp.) binding-joist; (surg.) bandage to support the lower jaw. =cheveu=, _n.m._, hair. _Les —x_; the hair of the head. _—x de Vénus_; (bot.) maiden-hair. _Tresse de —x_; plait of hair. _—x roux_; sandy hair. _—x d’ébène_; raven locks. _—x épars_; disheveled locks. _—x postiches_; false hair. _Je désire me faire couper les —x_; I want to have my hair cut. _Raser les —x_; to shave the head. _Se prendre aux —x_; to take one another by the hair. _Cela fait dresser les —x sur la tête_; that makes one’s hair stand on end. _Prendre l’occasion aux —x_; to take time by the forelock. _En —x_; bare-headed (wearing nothing on one’s head). _Tiré par les —x_; far-fetched. *=chevillage=, _n.m._, pegging, bolting. =chevillard=, _n.m._, carcass-butcher, meat-salesman. *=cheville=, _n.f._, peg, pin; bolt; plug; botch, stop-gap; (poet.) line or word of necessity; (nav.) iron bolt; branch (of a deer’s head). _Trouver à chaque trou une —_; to find a peg for every hole. _— ouvrière_; pole-bolt of a coach; principal agent, mainspring of a party, of an affair. _La — du pied_; the ankle-bone. _— à goujon_; common bolt. _— à goupille_; forelock bolt. _— à bouche et à croc_; bolt with ring and hook. _— à tête de diamant_; square-headed bolt. _— à pointe perdue_; short drove-bolt. _— d’affût_; gun-carriage bolt. _— à cosse_; fender-bolt. _Vous ne lui allez pas à la —_; you are a pigmy compared with him; no match for him. _À la —_; by the carcass, or half carcass. *=chevillé=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) branched. *=cheviller=, _v.a._, to peg or pin, to fasten with a peg; (dy.) to wring. _Des vers chevillés_; botched verses. _Il a l’âme chevillée dans le corps_; he has nine lives. *=chevillette=, _n.f._, key or peg (of a book-binder’s sewing press). *=chevillon=, _n.m._, turner’s peg. *=chevillot=, _n.m._, (nav.) toggle, belaying-pin. *=chevillure=, _n.f._, branches of a deer’s head. =chèvre=, _n.f._, she-goat, nanny-goat; (mec.) crab, gin; crane; (astron.) capella. _Enter en pied de —_; to graft slopeways. _Barbe-de-—_; (bot.) jew’s beard. _— à musc_; musk goat, Thibet musk. _Avoir la —_, _prendre la —_; to take offense. _Ménager la — et le chou_; to run with the hare and hold with the hounds. _Où la — est attachée il faut qu’elle broute_; one must bow to circumstances. =chevreau=, _n.m._, kid; kid (skin). *=chèvrefouille=, _n.m._, honeysuckle. _— des bois_; woodbine. =chèvre-pied= _or_ =chèvre-pieds=, _adj._, (of satyrs) goat-footed. =chevrette=, _n.f._, roe, doe; shrimp, prawn; syrup-pot; little andiron or fire dog. *=chevreuil=, _n.m._, roebuck, roe-deer; venison. =chevri-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, goat-herd. *=chevrillard=, _n.m._, young roebuck. =chevron=, _n.m._, rafter; stripe (on a soldier’s sleeve); (nav.) scantling, long wedge; (her.) chevron. _— de long pan_; long rafter. _—s de croupe_; hips. _—s cintrés_; arched rafters. _—s de remplage_; joists. _Mettre les —s à la batterie_; to apply the wedges to the trucks. =chevronné=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) chevroned. ☉=chevrotage=, _n.m._, goat-fee. =chevrotain=, _n.m._, chevrotain. =chevrotant=, =-e=, _adj._, quivering, tremulous. =chevrotement= (-mān), _n.m._, tremulous motion, trembling, quivering of the voice. =chevroter=, _v.n._, to kid; to sing or speak in a tremulous voice. =chevrotin=, _n.m._, kid leather. =chevrotine=, _n.f._, buck-shot. =chez= (shé), _prep._, at, to, in, one’s house; at the house of; at, to, the native place of; in, with; among. _J’ai été — vous_; I have been at your house. _Chacun est maître — soi_; every man is master in his own house. _Je viens de — vous_; I come from your house. _J’ai pas se par — vous_; I called at your house in passing. _Je viens de — ma mère_; I come from my mother’s. _C’est — lui une habitude_; it a habit with him. _Avoir un — soi_; to have a home of one’s own. _Il n’y a pas de petit — soi_; home is home, be it ever so homely. =chiaoux=, _n.m._, Turkish officer, messenger. =chiasse=, _n.f._, dross, scum; dung (of flies). =chibouque=, _n.f._, chibouk (Turkish pipe). =chic=, _n.m._, tact, effect, knack, style (paint.). _Il a du —_; there is something stylish about him. =chicambaut=, _n.m._, (nav.) bumkin, luff-block. =chicane=, _n.f._, cavil, evasion, quibble; chicanery, pettifogging, caviling, quibbling; the quirks of the law; wrangling. _Gens de —_; pettifoggers. _Chercher — a quelqu’un_; to pick a trumpery quarrel with any one. =chicaner=, _v.n._, to chicane, to cavil, to quibble, to use tricks, to quarrel with; to use quirks, shifts; to wrangle, to perplex. _— le vent_; (nav.) to hug the wind. =chicanerie= (shi-), _n.f._, chicanery; quibbling, caviling. =chicaneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, =chicani-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, and _adj._, chicaner, caviler, pettifogger, wrangler; litigious, caviling, wrangling. =chicard=, =-e=, _adj._, (pop.) swellish. =chiche=, _adj._, niggardly, penurious, stingy, scurvy, shabby, scanty, sordid, sparing, parsimonious, niggard. _Pois —s_; chick-peas, dwarf-peas. =chichement= (shish-mān), _adv._, niggardly, penuriously, stingily, parsimoniously. ☉=chicheté=, _n.f._, niggardliness, covetousness, penuriousness. =chicon=, _n.m._, cos-lettuce; heart (of). =chicoracé=, =-e=, _adj._, endive-like, chicoraceous. =chicoracée=, _n.f._, (bot.) chicoraceous plant. =chicorée=, _n.f._, succory, endive, chicory. =chicot=, _n.m._, small broken piece of wood; stump (of teeth); stub, stump (of trees). _— du Canada_; bonduc. =chicoter=, _v.n._, (pop.) to wrangle, to trifle, to split hairs. =chicotin=, _n.m._, orpine, rosewort, rose-root, livelong; juice of bitter apple. _Amer comme —_; as bitter as gall. =chie-en-lit=, _n.m._, (_—_) merry-andrew, masker, jack-pudding. =chien=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._ (-in, -è-n), dog, bitch; cock (of a gun or pistol). _— babillard_; (hunt.) liar. _— caniche_; poodle-dog; poodle; water-dog. _— volant_; tailless bat. _Grand —_; dog-star. _— de pure race_; true-bred dog. _— métis_; half-bred dog; mongrel. _Cette chienne est pleine_; that bitch is with pup. _— d’arrêt_; pointer. _— couchant_; setter; toad-eater; lick-spittle. _— courant_; beagle. _— turc_; Barbary, Turkish dog. _— d’attache_; ban-dog. _— de basse-cour_; house-dog. _— de berger_; shepherd’s dog. _— de boucher_; mastiff. _— de ferme_; house-dog. _— marin_, _— de mer_; (ich.) dog-fish, hound-fish. _— de race_; thorough-bred dog. _— pour le renard_; fox-hound. _— pour le sanglier_; boar-hound. _— du grand Saint-Bernard_; Alpine mastiff. _— de Terre-neuve_; Newfoundland dog. _— terrier_; terrier. _Une meute de —s_; a pack of hounds. _Un petit —_, _un jeune —_; a puppy, a whelp. _— de salon_; lap-dog. _Chasser au — d’arrêt_; to shoot over dogs. _Donner lâcher les —s_; to let loose, cast off, the dogs. _Jeter sa langue aux —s_; to give it up (of a riddle). _C’est Saint Roch et son —_; they are like Darby and Joan; they are inseparable. _Hâler les —s_; to set on the dogs. _Rompre les —s_; to call off the dogs. _Être comme un — à l’attache_; to be like a galley-slave. _Faire le — couchant_; to creep and crouch and truckle. _Mener une vie de —_; to lead a dog’s life. _Bons —s chassent de race_; like father, like son; cat after kind. _Entre — et loup_; in the dusk of the evening. _Ils s’accordent comme — et chat_; they agree like cat and dog. _Leurs —s ne chassent pas ensemble_; they don’t agree together. _Qui m’aime, aime mon —_; love me, love my dog. _— qui aboie ne mord pas_; his bark is worse than his bite. _— hargneux a toujours l’oreille déchirée_; quarrelsome curs have dirty coats. _Qui veut noyer son — l’accuse de la rage_; give your dog a bad name, and hang him. _Un — regarde bien un évêque_; a cat may look at a king. _C’est le — du jardinier_; it is the dog in the manger. _Autant vaut être mordu d’un — que d’une chienne_; as well be hanged for a sheep as a lamb. _Être reçu comme un — dans un jeu de quilles_; to be as welcome as a dog at a wedding. =chien de mer= _or_ =chien marin=, _n.m._, (ich.) dog-fish, hound-fish. =chiendent=, _n.m._, dog-grass, quitch-grass, couch-grass. _— fossile_; amianthus. =chiennée=, _n.f._, a litter of pups. =chienner= (shiè-), _v.n._, to whelp, to pup. =chiffe=, _n.f._, poor stuff; rags. =chiffon=, _n.m._, rag, scrap; trinket, frippery. _Mon petit —_; you little darling. =chiffonnage=, _n.m._, (paint.) rumpled drapery; rumpling, crumpling, tumbling. =chiffonne=, _adj.f._, (gard.) puny, useless. _Branche —_; puny, stunted, branch. =chiffonner=, _v.a._, to rumple, to wrinkle, to crumple, to tumble, to ruffle, to tease, to vex. =chiffonni-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, rag-picker. =chiffonni-er=, _n.m._, _or_ =-ère=, _n.f._, chiffonier. =chiffre=, _n.m._, figure, number; total amount; cipher; flourish of letters, monogram; digit. _— périodique_; (arith.) figure of the recurring period. _Ecrire en —_; to write in cipher. =chiffrer=, _v.n._, to cipher, to mark, to write in cipher. =chiffrer=, _v.a._, to cipher, to foot up; to figure, to number (of music). =chiffreur=, _n.m._, reckoner. *=chignon=, _n.m._, nape (of the neck); hair twisted behind, chignon. =chimère=, _n.f._, (myth.) chimera; myth, idle fancy, vain imagination; (conch., ich.) chimera. =chimérique=, _adj._, chimerical, visionary, fantastical. =chimériquement=, _adv._, chimerically. =chimie=, _n.f._, chemistry. =chimique=, _adj._ chemical. =chimiste=, _n.m._, chemist. =chimpanzé=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) chimpanzee. =china=, _n.m._, (bot.) China-root. _V._ =squine=. =chinchilla=, _n.m._, (mam.) chinchilla. =chiner=, _v.a._, (manu.) to color, to dye. =chinois=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Chinese. =chinoiserie=, _n.f._, Chinese ornament; knick-knack; folly, farce, joke. =chiourme=, _n.f._, convict-gang. =chiper=, _v.a._, to pilfer, to crib, to prig, to bag. =chipie=, _n.f._, affected, mincing, peevish woman; prude. =chipoter=, _v.n._, to dally, to trifle, to dispute about trifles; to higgle; to haggle. =chipoti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, trifler, dallier, shuffler; higgler, haggler. =chique=, _n.f._, quid of tobacco; (ent.) chegre, chegoe, chigre; marble (to play with). =chiquenaude= (shik-nôd), _n.f._, fillip. =chiquenauder=, _v.a._, to fillip. =chiquer=, _v.n._, to chew tobacco; to eat heartily; (paint.) to dash off. =chiquet=, _n.m._, driblet, bit; shred. _Un — de vin_; a drop of wine. _— à —_; bit by bit. =chiragre= (ki-), _n.f._, chiragra. ☉=chirimoya=, _n.f._, custard-apple. =chirographaire= (ki-), _adj._, on note of hand. =chirologie= (ki-), _n.f._, chirology. =chiromancie= (ki-), _n.f._, chiromancy, palmistry. =chiromancien= (ki-), _n.m._, chiromancer. =chirone=, _n.f._, (bot.) centaury. =chiroptère= (ki-), _n.m._, (mam.) cheiropter, bat. =chirurgical=, =-e=, _adj._, surgical. =chirurgie=, _n.f._, surgery. =chirurgien= (-in), _n.m._, surgeon. _Aide-—_, (_—s-—s_) assistant surgeon. =chirurgique=, _adj._, surgical. =chiste= (kist), _n.m._, (surg.) cyst. =chiure=, _n.f._, fly-blow. _Marqué de —s de mouches_; fly-bitten. _Faire des —s de mouches sur_; to fly-blow. =chlamyde= (kla-), _n.f._, chlamys. =chlorate= (klo-), _n.m._, (chem.) chlorate. =chlore= (klor), _n.m._, (chem.) chlorine; (bot.) yellow-wort. =chloré=, =-e= (klo-), _adj._, chloruretted. =chlorhydrate= (klo-), _n.m._, (chem.) hydrochlorate. =chlorhydrique= (klo-), _adj._, (chem.) hydrochloric, muriatic. =chloride= (klo-), _n.m._, (chem.) a combination of chlorine with a simple substance, chloride. =chlorique= (klo-), _adj._, (chem.) chloric. =chloroforme= (klo-), _n.m._, chloroform. =chloroformer=, _v.a._, to administer chloroform. =chloromètre= (klo-), _n.m._, chlorometer. =chlorométrie= (klo-), _n.f._, chlorometry. =chlorose= (klo-rôz), _n.f._, (med.) chlorosis, green sickness; (bot.) etiolation. =chlorotique= (klo-), _adj._, chlorotic. =chlorure= (klo-), _n.m._, chloride. =choc=, _n.m._, shock, clashing, encounter; brunt; collision, disaster, blow. _Soutenir le —_; to stand the shock. =chocolat=, _n.m._, chocolate. _Bâton de —_; stick of chocolate. =chocolati-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, chocolate-maker; chocolate-dealer. =chocolatière= (-ti-èr), _n.f._, chocolate-pot. =chœur= (keur), _n.m._, choir, chorus. _Enfant de —_; choir boy, chorister. _Chanter en —_; to sing in chorus. =choir= (chu), _v.n._, to fall. =choisir=, _v.a._, to choose, to make choice of; to pitch upon, to pick out; to nominate; to single out, to select. _Il n’y a point à —_; there is no choice left. _Se —_; to choose for one’s self. =choix= (shoâ), _n.m._, choice, choosing, option, selection, distinction, discernment. _Par —_; from choice. _Sans —_; indifferently. _Au —_; all at one price. _Avoir le — forcé_; to have Hobson’s choice. =cholagogue= (ko-la-gog), _n.m._, (med.) cholagogue. =cholédoque=, _adj._, (anat.) biliary, hepatic. _Canal —_; hepatic duct. =choléra-morbus= (ko-), _n.m._, (_n.p._) cholera-morbus. _Faux —_; cholerine. =cholérine= (ko-), _n.f._ cholerine. =cholérique=, _n.m.f._, (med.) person affected with cholera; cholera patient. _adj._, choleric, bilious. =choliambe= (ko-), _n.m._, choliambic verse. =chômable=, _adj._, to be kept as a holiday. =chômage=, _n.m._, stoppage; want of work; cessation from work; enforced idleness; respite. _Le — d’un moulin_; the standing still of a mill. =chômer=, _v.a._, to abstain, to cease, from work on a particular day, to rest. _C’est un saint qu’on ne chôme pas_; he is in no great repute. =chômer=, _v.n._, to want work, to be at a stand-still; (agri.) to lie fallow. _Il chôme de besogne_; he is out of work. _— de quelque chose_; to stand in need of a thing. *=chondrille= (kon-), _n.f._, (bot.) gum-succory; wall-lettuce. =chondrologie=, _n.f._, chondrology. =chope=, _n.f._, large beer-glass; mug of beer. ☉=chopine=, _n.f._, pint (a measure nearly equal to an English pint). =chopiner=, _v.n._, to tipple. =chopper=, _v.n._, to stumble, to trip up; to blunder. =choquant=, =-e=, _adj._, rude, offensive; shocking; unpleasant, disagreeable, improper. =choquer=, _v.a._, to shock, to strike, to dash against, to clash with; to offend, to give offense, to shock, to disgust, to displease, to grate upon; (nav.) to surge. _se_ =choquer=, _v.r._, to take offense; to come into collision with. =choquer=, _v.n._, to strike glasses; to be offensive; to hurt any one’s feelings; to be shocking. =choral= (ko-), _adj._, choral, _n.m._, chant. =chorée= (ko-), _n.m._, (poet.) choreus. =chorée= (ko-), _n.f._, chorea, St. Vitus’ dance. =chorège= (ko-), _n.m._, (antiq.) chorægus. =chorégraphe= (ko-) _n.m._, chorographer. =chorégraphie= (ko-), _n.f._, choregraphy. =chorégraphique= (ko-), _adj._, choregraphical. =chorévêque= (ko-), _n.m._, chorepiscopus. =choriambe= (ko-ri-ānb), _n.m._, (poet.) choriamb. =chorion=, _n.m._, (anat.) chorion. =choriste= (ko-), _n.m._, chorister; chorus singer (thea.). =chorographie= (ko-), _n.f._, chorography. =chorographique= (ko-), _adj._, chorographical. =choroïde= (ko-), _n.f._, _adj._, (anat.) choroid. =chorus= (ko-rûss) _n.m._, chorus. _Faire —_; to sing the chorus, to join in; to chime in; to applaud, to approve, to agree. =chose=, _n.f._, thing; matter, business, affair, deed; reality, action; (jur.) chattels. _Ce n’est pas grand —_; ’tis no great matter. _Quelque — de beau_; something fine. _Peu de —_; a mere trifle, nothing. _La — publique_; the commonwealth, common weal. _Être tout —_; (pop.) to be out of sorts. _Rester tout —_; to remain confused. _C’est tout autre —_; that is quite another thing. _Dites bien des —s de ma part à votre frère_; remember me to your brother. _Bien des — chez vous_; kind regards at home. _Monsieur —_; Mr. “what’s his name.” _—s de la mer_ (nav.); wreckage; flotage, flotsam (jur.) =chou=, _n.m._, cabbage; colewort; puff-paste; kale; darling, dear; bow, rosette. _— cabus_; headed-cabbage. _— marin_; sea-kale, wort, sea-cabbage. _— pommé_; white-headed cabbage. _— non pommé_; bore-kale, brown-kale. _Filet à —_; cabbage-net. _Rejet de —_; cabbage-sprout. _Pomme de —_; cabbage-head. _Tige_, _trognon_, _de —_; cabbage-stalk. _— crépu_; Scotch kale. _— de Milan_; savoy. _—x verts_, _jeunes —x_; sprouts. _—x blancs_; white-heart cabbages. _—x brocolis_; broccoli. _— oléifère_; colza. _— de chien_; dog’s cabbage. _—-palmiste_, (_—x-—s_); palm-cabbage. _—-navet_, (_—x-—s_); rape-colewort. _—-rave_, (_—x-—s_); turnip-cabbage. _—!_ _—-là!_ _—-pille!_; (hunt.) at it! go it! _Des —x et des raves_; ducks and drakes. _— pour —_; taking one thing and another. _Il en fait ses —x gras_; he feathers his nest with it. _Il s’entend à cela comme à ramer des —x_; he knows nothing at all about it. _Aller planter ses —x_; to retire into private life. _Mon petit —_; my little darling. _Bête comme un —_; as stupid as an owl. =chouan=, _n.m._, brown owl, royalist insurgent (French Revolution). =chouanner=, _v.n._, to carry on a guérilla warfare (after the manner of the Chouans). =chouannerie=, _n.f._, the party of the Chouans; Vendean royalists. =chouant=, _n.m._, a sort of owl. =choucas=, _n.m._, _or_ =chouchette=, _n.f._, jackdaw. =choucroute=, _n.f._, sour-krout, sauer-kraut. =chouette=, _n.f._, screech-owl. _adj._, capital, excellent, stunning. _Faire la —_; (piquet) to play alone against two. =chouettement=, _adv._, (pop.) capitally, famously. =chou-fleur=, _n.m._, (_—x-—s_) cauliflower. *=chou-pille=, _n.m._, (_—_) shooting-dog. =chouquet=, _n.m._, (nav.) block, moor’s-head, cap of the mast-head. =chou-rave=, _n.m._, (_—x-—s_) turnip-cabbage. =choyer=, _v.a._, to take great care of, to be fond of, to pamper, to fondle, to pet, to make much of, to cocker-up. _se_ =choyer=, _v.r._, to pamper one’s self. =chrématologie= (kré-), _n.f._, (l.u.) chrematology. =chrématologique= (kré-), _adj._, chrematological. =chrême= (krem), _n.m._, chrism, holy oil. =chrémeau= (kré-), _n.m._, chrism-cloth. =chrestomathie= (kres-to-ma-ci), _n.f._, chrestomathy, select extracts. =chrétien=, =-ne= (kre-ti-in, -ti-è-n), _n._ and _adj._, Christian. =chrétiennement= (kré-tien-mān), _adv._, Christianly, Christian-like. =chrétienté= (kré-ti-in-té), _n.f._, Christendom. _Marcher sur la —_; (fam.) to wear shoes and stockings in holes. =chrismal= (kri-), _n.m._, chrismatory. =chrismation=, _n.f._, chrismation. _le_ =christ= (krist), _n.m._, Christ, crucifix. _Jésus Christ_ (jé-zu-kri); Jesus Christ. [_Christ_ without _Jésus_ is never used in French without _le_.] =christe= (krist), _n.f._, (bot.) crithmum, samphire, sea-fennel. _— marine_; crithmum, samphire, sea-fennel. =christianiser= (kris-), _v.a._, to Christianize. =christianisme= (kris-tia-nism), _n.m._, Christianity. =christiaque= (kris-tiak), _adj._, Christian. =chromate= (kro-), _n.m._, (chem.) chromate. =chromatique= (kro-), _adj._, (chem. and mus.) chromatic. =chromatique=, _n.f._, (mus., paint.) chromatics. =chromatiquement=, _adv._, (mus.) chromatically. =chrome= (krôm), _n.m._, chromium. =chromique=, _adj._, (chem.) chromic. =chromolithographie=, _n.f._, chromo-lithography. =chronicité= (kro-), _n.f._, (med.) chronicity. =chronique= (kro-), _n.f._, chronicle, history; summary, reports. _— scandaleuse_; tittle-tattle, scandalous reports. =chronique=, _adj._, (med.) chronic. =chroniqueur= (kro-), _n.m._, chronicler. =chronogramme= (kro-), _n.m._, chronogram. =chronographe= (kro-), _n.m._, chronographer. =chronographie= (kro-), _n.f._, chronography. =chronologie= (kro-), _n.f._, chronology. =chronologique= (kro-), _adj._, chronological. =chronologiste= (kro-), _n.m._, chronologer. ☉=chronologue= (kro-), _n.m._, chronologer. =chronomètre= (kro-), _n.m._, chronometer. =chrysalide= (kri-), _n.m._, aurelia, chrysalis, nympha; pupa; pupe; grub. =chrysanthème= (kri-), _n.m._, chrysanthemum; ox-eye daisy; marigold. =chrysite= (kri-), _n.f._, chrysite, touch-stone. =chrysobate= (kri-), _n.f._, chrysobates. =chrysobéril= (kri-), _n.m._, chrysober. =chrysocale= (kri-), _n.m._, an alloy of copper and zinc, resembling gold; pinchbeck. =chrysocolle= (kri-), _n.f._, chrysocolla, borax. =chrysocome= (kri-), _n.f._, (bot.) chrysocoma, goldylocks. =chrysogonum= (kri-), _n.m._, moth-mullein, red turnip. =chrysolithe= (kri-), _n.f._, chrysolite. =chrysophris= (kri-), _n.m._, (ich.) gilt-head. =chrysoprase= (kri-), _n.f._, chrysoprase. ☉=chrysulée= (kri-), (chem.) _n.f._, chrysulea, aqua regia. =chu=, =-e=, _part._, (of _choir_), fallen. ☉=chucheter=, _v.n._, to whisper; to twitter. =chuchotement=, _n.m._, whispering, whisper, rustling. =chuchoter=, _v.n._ and _a._, to whisper. =chuchoterie= (sho-trî), _n.f._, whispering. =chuchoteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, whisperer. =chut= (shut), _int._, hush! =chute=, _n.f._, fall, tumble; decline; falling, overthrow, lapse, downfall, descension, decay; catastrophe, disaster; failure, miscarriage. _— d’eau_; waterfall, cataract. _La — du jour_; the close of day. _— d’eau_; waterfall, watercourse. _— d’une voile_; (nav.) depth of a sail; drop (of the principal square sails). _— de courants_; setting of the tides. =chuter=, _v.n._, (thea.) to fail, to be damned. =chyle=, _n.m._, chyle. =chyleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, chylous. =chylifère=, _adj._, (anat.) chyliferous. =chylification=, _n.f._, chylifaction, chylification. =chylose=, _n.f._, chylification. =chyme=, _n.m._, chyme. =chymification=, _n.f._, chymification. =ci=, _adv._, here. _Celui-— est meilleur que celui-là_; this is better than that. _Cet homme-—_; this man. _—-dessus_, _—-devant_; above, before, heretofore, ex, former. _Par-— par-là_; here and there, up and down; off and on. _—-après_; hereafter. _—-dessous_; below. _—-contre_; opposite. _Entre — et demain_; between this time and to-morrow. _Entre — et là_; between this and then. (French Revolution) _Un —-devant noble_, _un —-devant_; an ex-noble, royalist. _Les —-devant nobles_, _les —-devant_; the royalists, the aristocracy. =cibagé=, _n.m._, an Indian pine, cibage. =cibaudière=, _n.f._, sort of fishing-net. =cible=, _n.f._, mark to be shot at, target. =ciboire=, _n.m._, a sacred vase, pyx; (arch.) ciborium, canopy. =ciboule=, _n.f._, scallion, green onion; eschalot. =ciboulette=, _n.f._, (bot.) chive. _V._ =civette=. =cicatrice=, _n.f._, scar, seam, mark. =cicatricule=, _n.f._, cicatricule, eye or thread; (of an egg) small scar. =cicatrisant=, =-e=, _adj._, cicatrizing. =cicatriser=, _v.a._, to mark with a scar, to scar; to cicatrize; to close, heal up. _se_ =cicatriser=, _v.r._, to be cicatrized, to skin over, to heal up. =ciccus=, _n.m._, a species of grasshopper; a species of wild-goose; ciccus. =cicéro=, _n.m._, (print.) pica. _— gros œil_; pica. _— petit œil_; small pica. =cicérole=, _n.f._, chick-pea. =cicéron=, _n.m._, Cicero. =cicérone=, _n.m._, cicerone. =cicéronien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, Ciceronian. =cicindèle=, _n.f._, cicindela. ☉=cicisbée=. _V._ =sigisbée=. =ciclamor=, _n.m._ _V._ =orle=. =cicutaire=, _n.f._, cicuta, water-hemlock. =cid= (sid), _n.m._, cid (chief, commander). =cidre=, _n.m._, cider. _Gros —_; strong cider. _— paré_; old cider. _— piquant_; rough cider. =cⁱᵉ.=, (ab.) Co. (for Company). =ciel= (siel), _n.m._, (cieux) heaven, the heavens, the firmament, the sky; paradise. _Grâces au —_; thanks be to heaven, to God. _C’est un coup du —_; it is a judgment of heaven. _O —!_ O heavens! _Juste —!_ good heavens! great god! _Du —_; heavenly. _Arc-en-—_ (_—s-—_); rainbow. _Remuer — et terre_; to leave no stone unturned. =ciel=, _n.m._, (ciels) tester of a bed; (c.rel.) the canopy which is carried over the host; sky (paint.); the roof of a quarry; air, climate. _Un beau —_; a fine climate. _L’Italie est sous un des plus beaux —s de l’Europe_; Italy has one of the finest climates in Europe. =cierge=, _n.m._, wax-taper, church candle, wax-light. _— du Pérou_; torch thistle. _— pascal_; Easter cierge. _—s d’eau_; water-jets. _Droit comme un —_; as stiff as a poker. =ciergé=, =-e=, _adj._, (nav.) stiff. =ciergier=, _n.m._, wax-chandler. =cigale=, _n.f._, cicada, grasshopper. _— de rivière_; water-grasshopper. _— de mer_; shrimp. =cigare=, _n.m._, cigar. =cigarette=, _n.f._, cigarette. *=cigogne=, _n.f._, (orni.) stork. _— à sac_; hurgil. _Bec de —_; (bot.) crane’s bill. _Conte à la —_, or _conte de la —_; absurd and improbable story. *=cigogneau=, _n.m._, (fam.) a young stork. =ciguë= (si-gû), _n.f._, hemlock. _— vireuse_, or _— d’eau_; water-hemlock, cow-bane. =cil=, _n.m._, eye-lash; (bot.) lash, hair. =ciliaire=, _adj._, ciliary. =cilice=, _n.m._, hair-cloth. =cilié=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) ciliated, lashed. *=cillement=, _n.m._, twinkle, winking. *=ciller=, _v.a._, to wink, to twinkle; (hawking) to seel. *=ciller=, _v.n._, to wink; to twinkle. *=cillo=, _n.m._, (med.) winker. =cimaise=, _n.f._, cyma, ogee. =cimbalaire=, _n.f._ _V._ =cymbalaire=. =cime=, _n.f._, top, summit, peak; height; (bot.) cyme, summit. _En —_; (bot.) cymose. =ciment=, _n.m._, cement. =cimenter=, _v.a._, to cement; to confirm, to strengthen, to consolidate. =cimentier= (-tié), _n.m._, (tech.) cement-maker. =cimeterre= (sim-tèr), _n.m._, scimeter, falchion, sword. =cimetière= (sim-tièr), _n.m._, church-yard, burying-ground, cemetery. =cimier=, _n.m._, buttock, round of beef; crest of a head-piece; apex. _— de cerf_; haunch of venison. =cimolée=, _n.f._, cimolite; cimolian earth; cutler’s dust. =cimolée= _or_ =cimolie=, _adj.f._, cimolian. =cinabre=, _n.m._, cinnabar. =cincenelle=, _n.f._, tow-line. =cinchonine=, _n.f._, cinchonia, cinchonine. =cincle=, _n.m._, (orni.) water-ouzel, dipper. =cinéraire=, _adj._, cinerary. =cinéraire=, _n.f._, (bot.) cineraria. =cinération=, _n.f._, cineration. =cinglage=, _n.m._, ☉run of a ship in twenty-four hours, ship’s course, sailing; (metal.) shingling. =cingler=, _v.n._, to sail before the wind, to scud along. =cingler=, _v.a._, to lash; (metal.) to shingle. =cinglerie=, _n.f._, shingling-house. =cinnamome=, _n.m._, cinnamon. =cinq= (sīnk), _adj._, five. =cinq=, _n.m._, a five; cinque (at games). =cinquantaine=, _n.f._, some fifty; half a hundred. =cinquante=, _adj._, fifty. ☉=cinquantenier=, _n.m._, captain of fifty men. =cinquantième= (-ti-èm), _adj._, fiftieth. =cinquantième=, _n.m._, fiftieth part. =cinquième=, _adj._, fifth. =cinquième=, _n.m._, fifth part; pupil on the fifth form. _n.f._, the fifth form in colleges and public schools. =cinquièmement=, _adv._, fifthly. =cintrage=, _n.m._, arching, curving. =cintre=, _n.m._, arch, semi-circle; curve; (carp.) center-bit. _Cette cave est en —_; that cellar is built arch-wise. _— surbaissé_; elliptical arch; _adj._, (fig.) low, flattened. _À plein —_; semi-circular. =cintrer=, _v.a._, to arch, to build in the form of an arch, to curve. =cioutat=, _n.m._, cioutat (a kind of grape). =cipaye=, _n.m._, Sepoy. =cipolin=, _n.m._, cipollino, cipolin marble. =cippe=, _n.m._, cippus (column). =cirage=, _n.m._, waxing; blacking; (paint.) cameo with a yellow ground. =circée=, _n.f._, (bot.) enchanter’s nightshade. =circompolaire=, _adj._, circumpolar. =circoncire=, _v.a._, to circumcise. =circoncis=, _n.m._, one who is circumcised. =circonciseur=, _n.m._, circumcisor. =circoncision=, _n.f._, circumcision. =circonférence=, _n.f._, circumference. =circonflexe=, _n.m._ and _adj._, circumflex accent; circumflex. =circonlocution=, _n.f._, circumlocution. =circonscription=, _n.f._, circumscription, bound; division, district. =circonscrire=, _v.a._, to circumscribe, to encircle, to enclose, to limit, to stint. =circonspect=, =-e= (-pé, -pèkt), _adj._, circumspect, wary, guarded, discreet, cautious. =circonspection=, _n.f._, circumspection, wariness, caution. _Avec —_; cautiously. =circonstance=, _n.f._, circumstance, occasion; occurrence, event, conjuncture, case. _— aggravante_; aggravation. _De —_; required by or adapted to circumstances. _Suivant les —s_; as the case may be. _Dans les —s critiques_; on critical occasions, or in emergencies. =circonstancier=, _v.a._, to state circumstantially; to tell, to detail, to particularize. =circonvallation= (-val-la-), _n.f._, circumvallation. =circonvenir=, _v.a._, to circumvent, to deceive, to impose upon; to over-reach. =circonvention=, _n.f._, circumvention, over-reaching. _User de —_; to circumvent. =circonvoisin=, =-e=, _adj._, circumjacent, neighbouring, adjoining. =circonvolution=, _n.f._, circumvolution. =circuit=, _n.m._, circuit; roundabout road; circumlocution. =circulaire=, _adj._, circular, round. =circulaire=, _n.f._, circular. =circulairement= (-lèr-mān), _adv._, circularly. =circulant=, =-e=, _adj._, circulating. =circulation=, _n.f._, circulation; currency, issue; traffic. _Mettre en —_; to issue (money). =circulatoire=, _adj._, circulatory, circulating. =circuler=, _v.n._, to circulate; to pass from hand to hand; to spread. _Faire —_; to make people move on. _Circulez, Messieurs!_ move on, please! =circumnavigateur= (-kom-), _n.m._, circumnavigator. =circumnavigation= (-kom-), _n.f._, circumnavigation. =cire=, _n.f._, wax; beeswax; wax-light. _— à cacheter_, or _— d’Espagne_; sealing-wax. =cirer=, _v.a._, to wax, to black (boots). _Se —_; to be waxed. _Se — les bottes_; to clean one’s boots. =cirier=, _n.m._, wax-chandler; wax-maker; (bot.) candle-berry, wax-tree. =ciron=, _n.m._, (ent.) flesh-worm, mite. =cirque=, _n.m._, circus. =cirre=, _n.m._, (bot.) tendril; (zoöl.) cirrus. =cirreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, ending in a cirrus. =cirrhose=, _n.f._, (med.) cirrhosis. =cirrus=, _n.m._, cirrus, curl-cloud; mare’s tail. =cirsakas=, _n.m._ _V._ =sirsacas=. =cirse=, _n.m._, (bot.) horse-thistle. _— des champs_; way-thistle, field-thistle. =cirsion=, _n.f._, (bot.) cirsium, gentle-thistle. =cirsocèle=, _n.f._, (med.) cirsocele. =cirure=, _n.f._, prepared wax. *=cisaille=, _n.f._, (coin.) clippings or shearings of metals; _pl._, shears. *=cisailler=, _v.a._, (coin.) to mark, to clip. =cisalpin=, =-e=, _adj._, Cisalpine. =ciseau=, _n.m._, chisel. _— d’orfèvre_; graver. =ciseaux=, _n.m.pl._, scissors. _— de jardinier_; shears. _— de tailleur_; shears. _— boutonnés_ (surg.); probe-scissors. _— mousses_ (surg.); blunt-pointed scissors. =ciseler= (siz-lé), _v.a._, to chisel, to chase, to carve, to emboss, to sculpture. =ciselet= (siz-lè), _n.m._, graver; chasing tool. =ciseleur= (siz-leur), _n.m._, chaser; carver; sculptor. =ciselure= (siz-lur), _n.f._, chasing, sculpture, carving; chased work, carved work, sculpturing. =cisoires=, _n.f.pl._, bench-shears. =cissite=, _n.f._, aetites, eagle-stone. =cissoïdal=, =-e=, _adj._, cissoid. =cissoïde=, _n.f._, (geom.) cissoid. =ciste=, _n.m._, (antiq.) basket; (arch.) cist; (bot.) cistus, rock-rose. =cistophore=, _n.f._, (antiq.) cistophora, canephora. =cistophore=, _n.m._, (antiq.) cistophorus. =citadelle=, _n.f._, citadel, fortress, castle. =citadin=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, citizen, burgess; (b.s.) cit; cockney. =citadine=, _n.f._, hackney-coach, fly. =citateur=, _n.m._, quoter; book containing a collection of quotations. =citation=, _n.f._, citation, quotation, quoting; summons. _Se faire délivrer une —_; to take out a summons. _Lancer une —_; (jur.) to issue a summons. =cité=, _n.f._, city; town. _La céleste —_; the heavenly city. _Droits de —_; the rights of a citizen; freedom (of a city); citizenship. =citer=, _v.a._, to cite, to quote; to name; to summon; to subpœna. =citérieur=, =-e=, _adj._, citerior, hither. =citerne=, _n.f._, cistern, reservoir, tank. =citerneau=, _n.m._, small cistern or tank. =cithare=, _n.f._, (antiq.) cithara; zither. =citli=, _n.m._, tapeti, Brazilian rabbit. =citole=, _n.m._, a musical instrument, dulcimer. =citoyen=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._ (-in, -è-n), citizen, freeman of a city, patriot. =citragon=, _n.m._, balm-mint. =citrate=, _n.m._, (chem.) citrate. =citrin=, =-e=, _adj._, citrine, lemon-colored, pale yellow. =citrique=, _adj._, citric. =citron=, _n.m._, citron, lemon; lime; lemon-color. _adj._, lemon-colored. =citronnade=, _n.f._, lemon-squash. =citronnat=, _n.m._, candied lemon-peel; sugar-plum with lemon-peel in it. =citronné=, =-e=, _adj._, lemon-flavored. =citronnelle=, _n.f._, balm-mint, garden-mint, citron-water. =citronnier=, _n.m._, lemon-tree; citron-tree. *=citrouille=, _n.f._, pumpkin, gourd. =civade=, _n.f._, a kind of beard-fish. ☉=civadière=, _n.f._, (nav.) sprit-sail. =cive= _or_ =civette=, _n.f._, (bot.) chive. =civet=, _n.m._, _— de lièvre_; stewed or jugged hare. =civette=, _n.f._, (mam.) civet-cat; civet; (bot.) chive. =civière=, _n.f._, hand-barrow; litter, stretcher. =civil=, =-e=, _adj._, relating to the community in general; private, plain; civil, courteous, well-bred, gallant. _Requête —e_; bill of review. _Partie —e_; the public prosecutor. _Droit —_; (jur.) common law. =civil=, _n.m._, civil, civil service. =civilement= (-mān), _adv._, civilly; courteously, politely. _Mort —_; dead in law. =civilisable=, _adj._, civilizable. =civilisat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, civilizing. =civilisation=, _n.f._, civilization. =civiliser=, _v.a._, to civilize. _se_ =civiliser=, _v.r._, to become civilized. =civilité=, _n.f._, civility, good manners, good breeding, politeness, courtesy, manners; compliment, courteousness. _Il n’a pas lu la — puérile et honnête_; he never learned politeness. _Mes —s à Monsieur votre frère_; my compliments to your brother. _Il est de la —_, _il est de — de_; it is but common civility to. =civique=, _adj._, civic. =civisme=, _n.m._, civism. =clabaud=, _n.m._, (hunt.) liar; (b.s.) babbler, bawler, ranter. =clabaudage=, _n.m._, barking, baying; clamor, bawling. =clabaudement=, _n.m._, peg-peg (_i.e._, of a wooden leg). =clabauder=, _v.n._, to give tongue (falsely); to clamor, to bawl out. =clabauderie= (-bo-drî), _n.f._, clamor, bawling; ranting, abuse; tall-talk, brawl. =clabaudeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, brawler, clamorer, scold. =claie=, _n.f._, wattle, hurdle; (of a sieve) screen. _Passer à la —_; to screen. =clair=, =-e=, _adj._, clear, bright, relucent, shining, luminous; light, lightsome, light-colored; transparent; pure, limpid; thin; plain, manifest, evident, obvious, intelligible, visible. _C’est — comme jour_; it is as plain as a pike-staff. _Etoffe —e_; thin, flimsy stuff. _Lait —_; whey; (of eggs) addled, barren. =clair=, _n.m._, light, clearness; (paint.) light. _Il fait — de lune_; it is moonlight. _Vin tiré au —_; racked wine. _Tirer au —_; to bottle off; to clarify, to fine. =clair=, _adv._, clearly, plain, plainly. _Parler — et net_; to speak out plainly, openly; not to mince matters. _N’y pas voir —_; not to see; (fig.) not to understand. _Arbres — semés_; sparse, thinly scattered trees. =clairçage=, _n.m._, decoloring (of sugar). =claircer=, _v.a._, to decolor; (sugar) to clarify. =claire=, _n.f._, burnt bones; sugar-boiler. =clairée=, _n.f._, clarified sugar. =clairement= (klèr-mān), _adv._, clearly, plainly, distinctly, evidently, intelligibly. =clairet=, _adj._, (of wines) palish, lightish. =clairet=, _n.m._, precious stone that is too pale; pale wine; clairet (an infusion of wine, honey, sugar, and aromatic plants). =clairette=, _n.f._, a kind of grape. =claire-voie=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) opening (in a garden wall); lattice, wicket; (nav.) sky-light. _A —_; in open work. _Semer à —_; to sow thin. =clairière=, _n.f._, glade; thin part (in linen). =clair-obscur=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (paint.) chiaroscuro, clare-obscure, light and shade; mezzotint. =clairon=, _n.m._, clarion, trumpet, bugle; (nav.) rift (in a cloud). =clairsemé=, =-e=, _adj._, thin, thinly sown, scarce, scattered. =clairvoyance=, _n.f._, sharpness, acuteness, perspicacity; clear-sightedness; clairvoyance. =clairvoyant=, =-e=, _adj._, clear-sighted, discerning, sharp, acute; clairvoyant. =clameur=, _n.f._, clamor, outcry. =clamponnier=, _n.m._, long pasterned horse. =clan=, _n.m._, clan. _Chef de —_; chieftain of a clan. _Membre d’un —_; clansman. =clandestin=, =-e=, _adj._, clandestine, secret, underhand. =clandestine=, _n.f._, (bot.) broom-rape, mother-wort. =clandestinement= (-ti-n-mān), _adv._, clandestinely, privately, underhandedly. =clandestinité=, _n.f._, clandestineness, secrecy. =clape=, _n.f._, (mec.) sluice. =clapet=, _n.m._, valve, clapper, clack. =clapier=, _n.m._, burrow; hutch. =clapir=, _v.n._, to squeak (of rabbits). _se_ =clapir=, _v.r._, to hide in a hole, to squat, to cower. =clapotage=, _n.m._, rippling, plashing; (nav.) chopping. =clapoter=, _v.n._, to ripple, to plash, to chop. =clapoteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, rippling, choppy, plashing; rough. =clapotis=, _n.m._ _V._ =clapotage=. =clappement= (klap-mān), _n.m._, clacking, smacking (of the tongue against the palate). =clapper=, _v.n._, to clack, to smack. =claque=, _n.f._, flap, slap, smack; claque (paid clappers at theaters). _pl._, clogs, galoches. _Chapeau à —_; cocked hat. _Face à —s_; sneering face, _i.e._, which you would like to slap. =claque=, _n.m._, opera hat, crush hat. =claquebois=, _n.m._, (mus.) musical sticks. =claquedent=, _n.m._, (l.u.) poor half-starved wretch, beggar; boaster. =claquement= (klak-mān), _n.m._, clapping, clap; snapping (of the fingers); cracking (of whips); chattering (of the teeth). =claquemurer=, _v.a._, to immure, to coop up, shut up, confine, imprison. _se_ =claquemurer=, _v.r._, to shut one’s self up. *=claque-oreille=, _n.m._,(_—-—s_) (pop.) flop hat, slouch hat. =claquer=, _v.n._, to snap, to crack; to clap, to smack, to clack. _Faire —_; to crack (a whip), to snap (one’s fingers), to smack (one’s tongue). _— des mains_; to clap. _— des dents_; to chatter. (fig.) _Faire — son fouet_; to boast; (fam.) to die, to kick the bucket. =claquer=, _v.a._, to slap, to crack, to smack; (fig.) to applaud. =claquet=, _n.m._, mill-clapper. =claquette=, _n.f._, clapper, rattle. =claqueur=, _n.m._, clapper. =clarification=, _n.f._, clarification, clarifying, fining. =clarificatoire=, _adj._, clarifying. =clarifier=, _v.a._, to clarify, to purify, to fine. _se_ =clarifier=, _v.r._, to clarify, to get clarified, to settle. =clarine=, _n.f._, little bell (for cattle). =clarinette=, _n.f._, (mus.) clarinet, clarionet. =clarté=, _n.f._, light, splendor, clearness, transparency, limpidity, brightness; perspicuity. =classe=, _n.f._, class, order, rank; tribe; form (in a school); school-room, school-time. _pl._, school-days. _En —_; in school. _Basses —s_; junior classes. _Hautes —s_, _—s supérieures_; upper classes (of schools). _Il a fait toutes ses —s_; he has gone through all the forms. _L’ouverture_, or _la rentrée_, _des —s_; the reopening of the schools. _Hautes —s_; higher classes (of society); (nav.) enrollment. =classement= (klas-mān), _n.m._, classing, classification. =classer=, _v.a._, to class, to sort; (nav.) to enroll. =classeur=, _n.m._, portfolio, sorter. =classicisme=, _n.m._, classicism. =classification=, _n.f._, classification. =classifier=, _v.a._, to classify. =classique=, _adj._, classic, academical; standard (of authors, books). =classique=, _n.m._, classic. =clatir=, _v.n._, (hunt.) to blab (of dogs). =claude=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (fam.) simpleton, fool, dolt; doltish; silly. =claudication=, _n.f._, claudication, lameness, limping. =claudicant=, =-e=, _adj._, lame, limping. =clause=, _n.f._, clause, condition, stipulation. =claustral=, =-e=, _adj._, claustral; monastic. =clavaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) club-top. =clavé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) club-like. =claveau=, _n.m._, rot, scab (of the sheep); (arch.) key or arch-stone. =clavecin= (klav-sin), _n.m._, harpsichord. =claveciniste=, _n.m.f._, harpsichord-player. =clavelé=, =-e=, _adj._, (vet.) affected with rot. =clavelée=, _n.f._, rot, scab. =clavette=, _n.f._, (tech.) peg, cotter-pin; key, catch, latch. =clavicule=, _n.f._, clavicle, collar-bone. =claviculé=, =-e=, _adj._, (zoöl.) having a collar-bone. =clavier=, _n.m._, key-board, key-frame; key-ring. =claviforme=, _adj._, (bot.) clavate, club-shaped. =clayer=, _n.m._, hurdle. =clayère=, _n.f._, oyster-bed; breeding-ground. =claymore=, _n.f._, claymore. =clayon=, _n.m._, small hurdle, stand (for cheese). =clayonnage=, _n.m._, wicker; basket-work. =clef= (klé), _n.f._, key; plug (of cocks); (arch.) crown; fid (of masts); (nav.) hitch; (mus.) clef, tuning-key. _Un trousseau de —s_; a bunch of keys. _— de voûte_; keystone of a vault. _Fermer une porte à —_; to lock a door. _La grammaire est la — des sciences_; grammar is the key to the sciences. _Mettre la — sur la fosse_; to relinquish an inheritance. _Mettre la — sous la porte_; to run away from one’s creditors; to bolt. _La — est à la porte_; the key is in the door. =clématite=, _n.f._, (bot.) clematis, climber. =clémence=, _n.f._, clemency, mercy, forgiveness, leniency. =clément=, =-e=, _adj._, clement, merciful, lenient; mild (of the weather). =clémentines=, _n.f.pl._, Clementines (the constitutions of Clement the Fifth). =clenche= _or_ =clenchette=, _n.f._, thumb-lift of a latch; (mus.) clef. =clephte=, _n.m._, free Greek mountaineer. =clepsydre=, _n.f._, clepsydra, water-clock. =clerc= (klèr), _n.m._, clerk, clergyman; scholar. _Petit —_; junior clerk. _Maître —_; head-clerk. _Pas de —_; blunder. _Ce n’est pas un grand —_; he is no great scholar. =clergé=, _n.m._, clergy. =clérical=, =-e=, _adj._, clerical. =cléricalement= (-kal-mān), _adv._, clerically. =cléricalisme=, _n.m._, clericalism. =cléricature=, _n.f._, clerkship, apprenticeship, articles; ministry, holy orders. =cléristère=, _n.m._, (arch.) clearstory, clerestory. =clic-clac=, _n.m._, cracking (of a whip). =clichage=, _n.m._, stereotyping, casting. =cliché=, _n.m._, stereotype plate; (photo.) negative; (sculp.) cast. =clicher=, _v.a._, to stereotype. =clicheur=, _n.m._, stereotyper. =client=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, client (of lawyers); patient (of physicians); customer (of tradesmen). =cliéntèle=, _n.f._, clients; practice (of physicians); (Rom. antiq.) protection, patronage, business; custom (of tradesmen); connection. _Se faire une —_; to form a connection. =clifoire=, _n.f._, squirt (toy). *=clignement=, _n.m._, winking, blinking, wink. ☉*=cligne-musette=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) hide and seek. *=cligner=, _v.a._, to blink, to wink, to twinkle. *=clignotant=, =-e=, _adj._, winking, blinking. *=clignotement= (kli-gnot-mān), _n.m._, winking, twinkling, blinking. *=clignoter=, _v.n._, to wink, to twinkle, to blink. =climat=, _n.m._, climate, clime. =climatérique=, _adj._, climacteric, climatic. =climatérique=, _n.f._, climacteric, climatic. _La grande —_; the great climacteric. =climax= (-maks), _n.m._, (l.u.) (rhet.) climax. =clin=, _n.m._, wink (of an eye); (archit.) louvre-boarding; (nav.) clincher-work. _À —_; clincher-built. _Faire un — d’œil à quelqu’un_; to wink at any one. _En un — d’œil_; in the twinkling of an eye, in an instant, in a trice. *=clincaille=, =clincaillerie=, =clincaillier=. _V._ =quincaille=, =quincaillerie=, =quincaillier=. =clinique=, _adj._, clinic, clinical. =clinique=, _n.f._, clinical surgery, clinical medicine, or lectures. =clinquant=, _n.m._, tinsel; glitter; affectation; foil. =clinquanter=, _v.a._, to cover with tinsel. =clique=, _n.f._, set, coterie, party; clique. _Emporter ses —s et ses claques_; to pack bag and baggage, to be off. =cliquet=, _n.m._, click; catch. =cliqueter= (klik-té), _v.n._, to clack, to click. =cliquetis= (klik-tî), _n.m._, clanking of arms, clash; clatter; rattling, jingle. =cliquettes= (kli-kèt), _n.f.pl._, snappers, bones. =clisse=, _n.f._, wicker-mat; (surg.) splint. =clissé=, =-e=, _adj._, cased in wicker. =clitoris= (-rî), _n.m._, (anat.) clitoris. =clivage=, _n.m._, (min.) cleavage. =cliver=, _v.a._, to cleave (diamonds). _Se —_; to be cleft. =cloaque=, _n.m._, sink; cess-pool, sewer; filthy hole; (anat.) cloaca. =cloche=, _n.f._, bell; blister (on the hands, feet); cover, dish-cover; (cook.) stew-pan; (gard.) bell-glass, hand-glass; (chem., phys.) receiver. _— de plongeur_; diving-bell; (nav.) barrel (of a capstan). _Tinter les —s_; to toll the bells. _Qui n’entend qu’une — n’entend qu’un son_; one should hear both sides of a question. =clochement= (klosh-mān), _n.m._, hobbling, halting, limping; lameness. =cloche-pied=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) hopping on one leg. _À —_; upon one foot, hopping. _Aller à —_; to hop. =clocher=, _n.m._, steeple, belfry, parish. _Course au —_; steeple-chase. _Avoir la maladie du —_; to be homesick. _Il n’a jamais quitté son — de vue_; he has never been out of his parish. _Esprit de —_; narrowmindedness; prejudice, short-sightedness. =clocher=, _v.n._, to halt, to limp, to hobble. _— du pied droit_; to limp with the right foot. _Raisonnement qui cloche_; lame argument. _Il y a quelque chose qui cloche_; there’s something wrong somewhere; a hitch somewhere. =clocher=, _v.a._, (gard.) to cover with a glass-bell. =clocheton=, _n.m._, little steeple, bell-turret. =clochette=, _n.f._, small bell, hand-bell; (bot.) bell-flower. =cloison=, _n.f._, partition (of boards or masonry), division, compartment; (anat., bot.) partition; (nav.) bulkhead. =cloisonnage=, _n.m._, partition-work, wainscoting. =cloisonné=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) valved; (conch.) chambered, wainscoted. =cloisonner=, _v.a._, to partition. =cloître=, _n.m._, cloister; close; monastery. =cloîtré=, =-e=, _adj._, cloistered (of a person). =cloîtrer=, _v.a._, to shut up in a cloister, to cloister, to immure. =cloîtrier=, _n.m._, cloister monk. =clopin-clopant=, _adv._, limpingly, haltingly; hobbling along. =clopiner=, _v.n._, to limp, to halt, to hobble. =cloporte=, _n.m._, (ent.) multiped, woodlouse. =cloque=, _n.f._, blister; (agri.) brown rust. =clore=, _v.a._, to inclose, to fence, to shut in; to end, to finish, to conclude; to close (accounts, discussions, a session). =clore=, _v.n._, to close, to shut. =clos=, =-e=, _part._, closed, tight, shut, sealed. _A huis —_; with closed doors. _Bouche —e_; mum’s the word. _Champ —_; lists. _Ce sont lettres —es_; it’s a secret. _— et couvert_; wind and water tight. =clos=, _n.m._, close; inclosure, field. _— de vigne_; vineyard. =closeau=, _n.m._, small garden. =closerie=, _n.f._, small farm; bit of land. =clossement=, _n.m._ _V._ =gloussement=. =closser=, _v.n._ _V._ =glousser=. =clôture=, _n.f._, inclosure, fence; seclusion (of nuns); closing, close, (parl.) closure, proroguing. _Mettre une —_; to inclose. =clôturer=, _v.a._, (jur., parliament) to close, to prorogue. =clou=, _n.m._, nail, hobnail, spike; stud; (med.) carbuncle, boil; clove. _— à crochet_; tenter-hook. _—s à vis_; clincher-nails. _Enfoncer un —_; to drive a nail. _River le — à quelqu’un_; to clinch any one’s argument. _Cela ne vaut pas un — à soufflet_; that’s not worth a straw, a rap; (lit., a tin-tack). _Un — chasse l’autre_; one idea drives away another. =clouage=, =clouement=, _n.m._, nailing; nail-work. =clouer=, _v.a._, to nail; to fix; to rivet; to detain, to confine. _se_ =clouer=, _v.r._, to buckle to; to be nailed (of a thing). =clouter=, _v.a._, to adorn with nails, to stud. =clouterie= (-trî), _n.f._, nail manufactory, nail-trade. =cloutier= (-tié), _n.m._, nail-maker, nail-dealer. =cloutière=, _n.f._, anvil for making nails. =clovisse=, _n.m._, (conch.) winkle. =cloyère=, _n.f._, oyster-basket. =club=, _n.m._, club, assembly. =clubiste=, _n.m.f._, member of a club. =clysoir=, _n.m._, clyster-pipe. ☉=clystère=, _n.m._, injection, clyster, enema. =clystériser=, _v.a._, (jest.) to give clysters. =cnique= (knik), _n.m._, (bot.) horse-thistle. =co= (prefix used in composition, signifying _with_, _conjointly_), co. =coaccusé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, fellow-prisoner; co-respondent. =coacquéreur=, _n.m._, co-purchaser, co-buyer; joint buyer. =coacti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, coactive, coercive. =coaction=, _n.f._, coaction. =coadjut-eur=, _n.m._, =-trice=, _n.f._, coadjutor, coadjutrix. =coadjutorerie= (-torirî), _n.f._, coadjutorship. =coadné=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) joined, coadunate. =coadunation=, _n.f._, coadunation. =coagulant=, =-e=, _adj._, coagulative. =coagulation=, _n.f._, coagulation, congealing. =coaguler=, _v.a._, to coagulate, to congeal. _se_ =coaguler=, _v.r._, to coagulate, to congeal. =coagulum= (-lom), _n.m._, (chem.) coagulum. =coalescence=, _n.f._, coalescence. =coalescent=, =-e=, _adj._, coalescent. _se_ =coaliser=, _v.r._, to coalesce, to league, to unite, to combine. =coalition=, _n.f._, coalition. =coassement= (ko-as-mān), _n.m._, croaking (of frogs). =coasser=, _v.n._, to croak (of frogs). =coassocié=, _n.m._, (com.) co-partner, fellow-partner. =coati=, _n.m._, (mam.) coati. =cobalt=, _n.m._, (min.) cobalt. =cobaye=, _n.m._, guinea-pig. =cobéa=, _n.m._, (bot.) cobæa. =cobelligérant=, =-e=, _adj._, cobelligerent. =cobit=, _n.m._, (ich.) cobitis, loach. =cobourgeois=, _n.m._, co-partner in a ship. =cobra-capello=, _n.m._, (_—_) hooded-snake, spectacle-snake. =coca=, _n.m._, (bot.) coca, erythroxylon coca. *=cocagne=, _n.f._, feast, treat; the land of milk and honey. _Mât de —_; greasy pole. _Pays de —_; the land of plenty. =cocarde=, _n.f._, cockade, ear-knot. =cocasse=, _adj._, (pop.) odd, laughable, ridiculous, comical, droll. =cocasserie=, _n.f._, drollery, caricature. =cocatrix=, _n.m._, cockatrice. =coccifère=, _adj._, (bot.) cocciferous. =coccinelle=, _n.f._, (ent.) lady-bird, lady-cow. =coccoloba=, _n.m._ (_—_), (bot.) grape-tree. =coccyx= (kok-sis), _n.m._, (anat.) coccyx. ☉=coche=, _n.m._, barge; coach. _— d’eau_; tow-barge. _Manquer le —_; to let slip the opportunity. _C’est la mouche du —_; he is a busy-body. _Le siège du —_; the coachman’s box. =coche=, _n.f._, notch, score; sow, she-pig. _Faire une —_; to notch. =cochenillage=, _n.m._, cochineal. *=cochenille= (kosh-), _n.f._, cochineal. *=cocheniller=, _v.a._, to dye with cochineal. *=cochenillier=, _n.m._, cochineal-fig, nopal. =cocher=, _n.m._, coachman, driver; (astron.) Auriga. _— de fiacre_, _de cabriolet_; hackney coachman, cabman. =cocher=, _v.n._, to tread (of birds). =côcher=, _v.a._, to notch. =cochère=, _adj.f._, for carriages. _Porte —_; carriage-entrance, gateway. =cochet=, _n.m._, young cock. =cochevis= (kosh-vi), _n.m._, tufted or crested lark. =cochléaria= (-klé-), _n.m._, (bot.) cochlearia, scurvy-grass. =cochon=, _n.m._, hog, pig, boar, porker; (metal.) pig, dross. _— de lait_; sucking-pig. _— d’Inde_ or _de Barbarie_; Guinea-pig. _C’est un —_; he is a dirty fellow. _Avoir gardé les —s ensemble_; to be hail fellows well met. =cochonnée=, _n.f._, litter (of pigs). =cochonner=, _v.n._, to farrow, to pig. =cochonner=, _v.a._, to do a thing in a slovenly manner, to botch. =cochonnerie= (ko-sho-n-rî), _n.f._, nastiness, filth; beastliness, beastly or blackguard action or language, obscenity; trash, rubbish. =cochonnet=, _n.m._, young pig; die with twelve sides; jack (at bowls). =coco=, _n.m._, cocoa, cocoa-nut; liquorice-water; (fam.) chap, fellow, darling; horse, nag. =cocon=, _n.m._, cocoon. =cocorico=. _V._ =coquerico=. =cocorli=, _n.m._, (orni.) dunlin; purr; sea-lark. =cocotier= (-tié), _n.m._, cocoa-tree. =cocréancier=, _n.m._, joint-creditor. =cocrète=, _n.f._, (bot.) yellow-rattle. _— des prés_; lousewort. =coction=, _n.f._, coction, boiling. =cocu=, _n.m._, (l.ex.) cuckold. =cocuage=, _n.m._, (l.ex.) cuckoldom. =cocufier=, _v.a._, (l.ex.) to cuckold. =code=, _n.m._, code, digest, collection of laws; law; (phar.) pharmacopœia. =codébit-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, joint-debtor. =codécimateur=, _n.m._, fellow tithe-owner. =codemandeur=, _n.m._, co-plaintiff, joint-plaintiff. =codétenteur=, _n.m._, joint-holder. =codétenu=, =-e=, _n.m._ and _f._, fellow-prisoner. =codex= (-deks), _n.m._, pharmacopœia. =codicillaire=, _adj._, contained in a codicil. =codicille=, _n.m._, codicil. =codification=, _n.f._, codification. =codifier=, _v.a._, to codify. *=codille=, _n.m._, codille (at the game of ombre). =codonataire=, _n.m.f._, joint donor or donee. =cœcum=. _V._ =cæcum=. =coefficient=, _n.m._, (alg.) coefficient. =coégal=, =-e=, _adj._, coequal. =coégalité=, _n.f._, coequality. =coemption=, _n.f._, coemption. =coéquation=, _n.f._, assessment of taxes. =coercible=, _adj._, coercible. =coerciti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, coercive. =coercition=, _n.f._, coercion. =coéternel=, =-le=, _adj._, coeternal. =coéternité=, _n.f._, coeternity. =cœur= (keur), _n.m._, heart, mind, soul; courage, spirit, spiritedness, mettle; stomach; core; depth; hearts (cards); middle, midst. _Mal au —_; sickness. _Serrement de —_; heartpang. _Du fond de son —_; from the bottom of one’s heart. _Au — dur_; hard-hearted. _De —_; with one’s whole heart, with all one’s might. _À vous de —_; affectionately yours. _Avoir le — contrit_; to be of a contrite heart. _Le — lui saigne_; his heart bleeds. _Avoir à —_, _prendre à —_; to have at heart. _Cela lui tient au —_; he has set his heart upon it. _Avoir quelque chose sur le —_; to have something on one’s mind. _Le — me le disait bien_; my heart misgave me. _Si le — vous en dit_; if you feel inclined. _Il a le — au métier_; he loves his business. _Il a le — porté à cela_; he is bent upon it. _Avoir le — tendre_; to be tender-hearted. _Il a le — bien placé_; his heart is in the right place. _Il n’a point de —_; he has no spirit. _Sans —_; heartless. _Avoir le — bas_; to be mean-spirited. _Avoir le — sur les lèvres_; to be open-hearted. _Soulèvement de —_; rising of the stomach. _J’ai mal au —_; I feel sick. _Avoir le — mort_; to be sick at heart. _Ouvrir_, _décharger_, _son — à quelqu’un_; to unbosom one’s self to any one. _En avoir le — net_; to know the rights of any thing. _Au — de l’hiver_; in the depth of winter. _À contre-—_; against one’s will, reluctantly, against the grain. _De bon —_; heartily. _De grand —_; gladly, willingly, with pleasure. _De tout mon —_; with all my heart. _De gaîté de —_; in sheer wantonness. _À — joie_; to one’s heart’s content. _Par —_; by heart. _Dîner par —_; to dine with Duke Humphrey (_i.e._, to go without dinner). _Tant que le — me battra_; to the last drop of my blood. _Tenir au —_; to stick in one’s throat. _Avoir le — brisé_; to be broken-hearted. _Avoir le — fendu_; to be cut to the heart. _Loin des yeux loin du —_; out of sight, out of mind. _Avoir le — gros_; to be ready, to cry, to have one’s heart full. _C’est un crevé —_; it is a heart-rending thing. _Mettre du — au ventre à quelqu’un_; to give heart to any one. _Faire contre fortune bon —_; to put a good face upon matters. =coexistant=, =-e=, _adj._, co-existent. =coexistence=, _n.f._, co-existence. =coexister=, _v.n._, to co-exist. =coffre=, _n.m._, chest, trunk, coffer; (hunt.) carcase; drum (of a mill); (print.) coffin. _— de sûreté_; strong box. _— de bord_; sea-chest. _Elle est belle au —_; she has golden charms (_i.e._, is rich), _Un —-fort_, (_—s-—s_) a strong box. _Avoir le — bon_; to be strong chested. =coffrer=, _v.a._, (fam.) to imprison, lock up. =coffret=, _n.m._, little chest or trunk, casket. =coffretier= (-tié), _n.m._, trunk-maker. =cofidéjusseur=, _n.m._, joint surety. *=cognasse=, _n.f._, wild quince. *=cognassier=, _n.m._, wild quince-tree. =cognat=, _n.m._, cognate. =cognation=, _n.f._, cognation. *=cognée=, _n.f._, ax, hatchet. _Mettre la — à l’arbre_; to lay the ax to the tree; to begin an enterprise. _Aller au bois sans —_; to go to sea without biscuit (_i.e._ to be unprepared). _Jeter le manche après la —_; to give a thing up in despair. *=cogne-fétu=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) (pop.) great worker, little doer; fussy-do-nothing. *=cogner=, _v.a._, to knock in, to drive in, to bump. *_se_ =cogner=, _v.r._, to knock up against, to hit, to strike one’s self. =cogniti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (philos.) cognitive. *=cognoir=, _n.m._, (print.) shooting-stick. =cohabitation=, _n.f._, cohabitation. =cohabiter=, _v.n._, to cohabit. =cohérence=, _n.f._, coherency. =cohérent=, =-e=, _adj._, coherent. =cohériter=, _v.n._, to inherit conjointly. =cohériti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, co-heir, co-heiress. =cohésion=, _n.f._, cohesion. =cohobation=, _n.f._, (chem.) cohobation. =cohober=, _v.a._, (chem.) to cohobate. =cohorte=, _n.f._, cohort, band, crew, troop, horde, gang. =cohue=, _n.f._, rout, mob, crush, tumultuous crowd, clamorous multitude; (fig.) court of justice. =coi=, =-te=, _adj._, quiet, still, snug. =coiffe=, _n.f._, head-dress; caul, hood (of children); skull-cap; net; (bot.) galla. _— de chapeau_; lining of a hat. =coiffer=, _v.a._, to put (anything) on one’s head; to dress the hair; to infatuate; to throw at any one’s head; to make tipsy; (hunt.) to take by the ears; (nav.) to back; to cap (bottles); (arch.) to cap. _Être bien coiffé_; to have one’s hair well dressed; to have a hat that becomes one. _Enfant né coiffé_; child born with a caul upon its head. _Il est né coiffé_; he was born to fortune or with a silver spoon in his mouth. _— sainte Catherine_; to remain an old maid. _Du vin coiffé_; mixed wine. _— une bouteille_; to cap a bottle. _Chien bien coiffé_; dog with a handsome head and long ears. _Cette femme coiffe son mari_; that woman deceives her husband. _Il est coiffé de cette femme_; he is bewitched, smitten with that woman. _— une voile_; to back a sail. _se_ =coiffer=, _v.r._, to wear (on one’s head); to dress one’s hair; to get intoxicated; to be infatuated with; (nav.) to be laid aback. _Se — de faux cheveux_; to wear false hair. _Se — en cheveux_; to wear no cap. =coiffer=, _v.n._, to dress hair; to become; to suit; (nav.) to be laid aback. =coiffeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, hairdresser. =coiffure=, _n.f._, head-dress, style of arranging the hair. =coin=, _n.m._, corner, angle, nook, coin; (coin.) stamp; (railways) pin; (print.) quoin; clock (of stockings); (tech.) gad; (mec.) wedge. _Il n’a pas bougé du — du feu_; he has never been from home. _Être marqué au —_; to bear the stamp of. _Frappé au bon —_; of the right sort, excellent in every way. _Il mourra au — d’un bois_ (_d’une laie_); he will die destitute. _—s et recoins_; cricks and corners, nooks and crannies. _Jouer aux quatre —s_; to play puss in the corner. =coinçage=, _n.m._, wedging, keying. =coincer=, _v.a._, to wedge. =coïncidence=, _n.f._, coincidence. =coïncident=, _adj._, coincident. =coïncider=, _v.n._, to coincide, to be coincident. =coïndication=, _n.f._, (med.) coindication. =coïng= (coin), _n.m._, quince. =coïntéressé=, _n.m._, associate, partner having a joint interest with another. =coïon= _or_ =couillon=, _n.m._, (l.ex.) dastard, coward. =coïonner= _or_ =couillonner=, _v.a._, (l.ex.) to use one scurvily, to make a fool of one; to call one a coward. =coïonner= _or_ =couillonner=, _v.n._, (l.ex.) to joke, to gammon, to humbug. =coïonnerie= (ko-io-n-rî) _or_ =couillonnerie=, =couillonnade=, _n.f._, (l.ex.) dastardliness, a mean, low action; gammon, humbug. =coït=, _n.m._, coition, copulation. =coite=, _n.f._ _V._ =couette=. =cojouissance=, _n.f._, joint use. =coke=, _n.m._, coke. =col=, _n.m._, neck (of the body); cravat; neck (of bottles, of mountains); pad, stiffener; collar. _Faux —_; collar. _— droit_; stand-up collar. _— de cravate_; stiffener. _— de la vessie_, _de la matrice_; neck of the bladder, of the womb. =colarin=, _n.m._, (arch.) gorgerin. =colas=, _n.m._, booby, fool. =colature=, _n.f._, (pharm.) colature, straining. =colback=, _n.m._, colback, busby. =colchique=, _n.m._, meadow-saffron, colchicum. =colcotar=, _n.m._, (chem.) colcothar. =colégataire=, _n.m._, co-legatee. =coléoptère=, _adj._, coleopterous. _n.m._, coleopter, beetle. =coléoptères=, _n.m.pl._, coleoptera. =colère=, _n.f._, passion, anger, wrath, rage, fury. _Accès de —_; fit of passion. _Être en —_; to be angry. _Se mettre en —_; to fly into a passion. =colère=, _adj._, passionate, hasty, choleric. =colérique=, _adj._, choleric, irascible, passionate. =coliart=, _n.m._, (ich.) skate. =colibri=, _n.m._, humming-bird. =colicitant=, _n.m._, (jur.) co-vendor. =colifichet=, _n.m._, knick-knack, gew-gaw, trifle, bauble, trumpery, toy, bird-cake. =colimaçon=, _n.m._, snail. =colin=, _n.m._, (ich.) coal-fish. *=colin-maillard=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) blindman’s-buff; blindman (at blindman’s buff). =colin-tampon=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) a Swiss beating of drum. _Je m’en moque comme de —_; (pop.) I do not care a fig about it. =colique=, _n.f._, colic, griping; stomach-ache. _pl._, after-pains. _— saturnine_; painter’s colic. =colis=, _n.m._, package, parcel, bale, case, article. =colisée=, _n.m._, Coliseum; Colosseum. =collaborat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, (kol-la-), fellow-laborer, assistant, associate, contributor. =collaboration= (kol-la-), _n.f._, assistance, contribution, coöperation. =collaborer=, _v.n._, to work together, to coöperate. =collage=, _n.m._, pasting, gluing, sizing (of paper); paper-hanging. =collant=, =-e=, _adj._, sticky, tight, close-fitting. =collants=, _n.m.pl._, tights. =collapsus= (-sus), _n.m._, (med.) collapse. =collataire= (kol-la-tè-r), _n.m._, one who has been collated to a benefice. =collatéral=, =-e= (kol-la-), _adj._, collateral. =collatéral=, _n.m._, (jur.) collateral. ☉=collatérale=, _n.f._, aisle (of churches). =collatéralement=, _adv._, (jur.) collaterally. =collateur= (kol-la-), _n.m._, collator. =collati-f=, =-ve= (kol-la-), _adj._, collative. =collation= (kol-la-cion), _n.f._, collation. =collation= (ko-la-cion), _n.f._, collation, light repast; (eccl.) advowson-gift. =collationner= (kol-la-cio-né), _v.a._, to collate, to compare. =collationner= (ko-la-cio-né), _v.n._, to make a light repast; to take a collation. =colle=, _n.f._, paste, glue; sham, fib, bouncer, cracker. _— forte_; glue. _— à bouche_; mouth-glue. _— de poisson_; isinglass. =collecte= (kol-lèkt), _n.f._, gathering; collection (of money); collect (prayer). =collecteur= (kol-lèk-teur), _n.m._, collector, tax-gatherer. =collecti-f=, =-ve= (kol-lèk-), _adj._, collective. =collectif= (kol-lèk-), _n.m._, collective noun. =collection= (kol-lèk-cion), _n.f._, collection; set, file. =collectionner= (kol-lèk-cio-né), _v.a._, to collect, to make collections of things. =collectionneu-r= (kol-lèk-cio-), _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, collector. =collectivement= (kol-lèk-tiv-mān), _adv._, collectively. =collège=, _n.m._, college, grammar-school. _— électoral_; assembly of electors; constituency. =collégial=, =-e=, _adj._, collegial; collegiate. _Eglise —e_; a collegiate church. =collégiale=, _n.f._, collegiate church. =collégialement=, _adv._, scholastically. =collégien= (-ji-in), _n.m._, collegian, school-boy. =collègue= (kol-lèg), _n.m._, colleague. =collement=, _n.m._, (med.) cohesion, adhesion. =coller=, _v.a._, to paste, to glue; to size; to stick together; to clear (with isinglass); to stump (embarrass any one); to plow (at exam.); to hang (paper). _Être collé_; to be close up against the cushion (at billiards). _J’ai été collé_; I was plowed. _se_ =coller=, _v.r._, to stick to; to cake; to apply closely to; (at billiards) to be right up against the cushion. =coller=, _v.n._, to stick, to adhere; to fit tight (of clothes). _Ce pantalon colle bien_; those trousers fit nicely. =collerette= (kol-rèt), _n.f._, collar (for ladies); (bot.) involucrum; (tech.) flange. =collet=, _n.m._, collar (of a gown, coat); cape; bands (for the neck); neck (of teeth); (hunt.) snare; crown (of anchors); (tech.) collet; clergyman. _— montant_; stand-up collar. _— rabattu_; turned-down collar. _Petit —_; one of the cloth, young clergyman. _— monté_; buckram collar. _Un — monté_; a stuck-up, strait-laced, prudish person. _— de mouton_; neck of mutton. _Prendre_, _saisir_, _quelqu’un au —_; to collar any one. _Prêter le — à quelqu’un_; to cope with any one, to try one’s strength with any one. _Tendre un —_; to set a snare. =colleter= (kol-té), _v.a._, to collar any one, to seize any one by the neck. _se_ =colleter=, _v.r._, to collar each other; to lay hold of each other by the collar, to grapple with, to wrestle. =colleter=, _v.n._, to set snares (for game). =colleteur=, _n.m._, gin-setter; (pop.) wrangler, fighter. =colleur=, _n.m._, paper-hanger; gluer; paster; bill-sticker; sizer. =collier=, _n.m._, collar; ring (mark round the neck of certain animals); bow (of spurs); (arch., tech.) collar; necklace. _Cheval de —_; draught-horse. _— de force_; training collar. _— de misère_; drudgery. _Donner un coup de —_; to make a strenuous effort. _Être franc du —_; never to shirk one’s work; to be always in earnest; (of a horse) to work well. ☉=colliger=, _v.a._, to collect, to cull. =colline=, _n.f._, hill, hillock. _La double —_; Parnassus. _Gagner la —_; to take to one’s heels. _Le penchant d’une —_; the declivity of a hill; a hill-slope. =colliquati-f=, =-ve= (kol-li-koua-), _adj._, (med.) colliquative. =colliquation= (kol-li-koua-), _n.f._, (med.) colliquation, melting. =collision= (kol-li-), _n.f._, collision. =collocation= (kol-lo-) _n.f._, collocation; setting in order, rank. _— de l’argent_; investing of money. =collodion=, _n.m._, collodion. =colloque= (kol-lok), _n.m._, colloquy, conference, dialogue. =colloquer= (kol-lo-ké), _v.a._, to rank, to place in order; to place. _v.n._, to colloquize. =colluder= (kol-lu-dé), _v.n._, to collude. =collusion= (kol-lu-zion), _n.f._, collusion, prevarication. _User de —_; to prevaricate. =collusoire= (kol-lu-zoar), _adj._, collusory, collusive. =collusoirement= (kol-lu-zoar-mān), _adv._, collusively. =collyre=, _n.m._, (med.) collyrium, eye-salve. =colmatage=, _n.m._, (agri.) warping (of land). =colmate=, _n.m._, warp, warped land. =colmater=, _v.a._, to warp (land). =colombage=, _n.m._, (carp.) stud-work, joists. =colombe=, _n.f._, dove; (carp.) joist, upright. =colombier=, _n.m._, dove-cot, pigeon-house; (print.) pigeon-hole, gap. _Faire venir les pigeons au —_; to draw customers to the shop. _Grand —_; atlas paper. =colombin=, =-e=, _adj._, columbine, dove-color. =colombin=, _n.m._, (min.) lead ore; (orni.) stock-dove. =colombine=, _n.f._, pigeon-dung, fowls’-dung; (bot.) columbine. =colombo=, _n.m._, (bot.) calumba, colombo. =colon=, _n.m._, colonist, planter; cultivator; West Indian settler. =côlon=, _n.m._, (anat.) colon. =colonel=, _n.m._, colonel. _Grade de —_; colonelcy. =colonelle=, _n.f._ and _adj._, ☉colonel’s company; colonel’s wife. =colonial=, =-e=, _adj._, colonial. =colonie=, _n.f._, colony, settlement. =colonisation=, _n.f._, colonizing, colonisation. =coloniser=, _v.a._, to establish a colony, to colonize. =colonnade=, _n.f._, (arch.) colonnade. =colonne=, _n.f._, column, pillar; bed-post; row (of units, tens); (milit., nav., phys., print., arch.) column. _— cannelée_; fluted column. _— plaquée_; pilaster. _— torse_; wreathed column. =colonnette=, _n.f._, little column. =colophane=, _n.f._, black rosin, colophony. =coloquinte=, _n.f._, colocynth; bitter apple. =colorant=, =-e=, _adj._, coloring. =coloration=, _n.f._, coloration. =coloré=, =-e=, _part._, colored. _Vin —_; deep-colored wine. _Teint —_; ruddy complexion. =colorer=, _v.a._, to color, to dye; to varnish; to color (to give a false appearance to). _se_ =colorer=, _v.r._, to color (of a thing). =coloriage=, _n.m._, (paint.) coloring. =colorier=, _v.a._, to color, to illuminate. =coloris=, _n.m._, color, hue; (paint.) coloring. =coloriste=, _n.m._, colorer; colorist. =colossal=, =-e=, _adj._, colossal, of giant proportions. =colosse=, _n.m._, colossus, giant. =colostrum=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) (med.) colostrum. =colportage=, _n.m._, hawking; peddling; peddlery; book-stall trade. =colporter=, _v.a._, to hawk about; to retail; to spread. _— une nouvelle_; to retail a piece of news. =colporteur=, _n.m._, hawker, peddler; spreader of news. =coltis=, _n.m._, (nav.) beak-head. =colure=, _n.m._, (astron., geog.) colure. =columelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) columella. =colza=, _n.m._, colza, rape, rape-seed. =coma=, _n.m._, (med.) coma. =comateu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, comatose. =combat= (kon-ba), _n.m._, combat, fight, battle; fighting; contest, action, engagement, struggle; strife, warring. _— singulier_; single combat. _— à outrance_; mortal combat. _— égal_; drawn battle. _— simulé_; sham fight. _Au fort du —_; in the thick of the fight. _Être hors de —_; to be disabled. _Mettre hors de —_; to disable. _Faire branle-bas de —_; (nav.) to clear for action. =combattable=, _adj._, combatable. =combattant=, _n.m._, combatant, fighting man, champion; (orni.) ruff. =combattre=, _v.a._, to fight, to combat; to wage war against, to battle with, to dispute, to contest, to strive against. _— une opinion_; to combat an opinion. _se_ =combattre=, _v.r._, to combat; to contend with each other. =combattre=, _v.n._, to fight, to combat, to war, to contend, to vie with one another, to struggle. _— de politesse_; to vie with one another in politeness. ☉=combe=, _n.f._, valley. =combien= (kon-bi-in), _adv._, how much, how many; how; how far; how long; what. _En — de temps?_ in how long? _— y a-t-il depuis cela?_ how long is it since then? _— cela vaut-il?_ what is that worth? _À — évaluez-vous cela?_ What price do you put upon that? =combinaison=, _n.f._, combination; contrivance; ingenuity; management; calculation. =combinat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, combiner, contriver. =combiné=, =-e=, _part._, united; (chem.) combined. =combiner=, _v.a._, to combine, to contrive. _se_ =combiner=, _v.r._, to combine, to be contrived. =comble=, _n.m._, heaping (of measure); consummation; fulfillment; zenith; acme; summit, height, top, complement. _pl._, roof, roof-timbers. _Ferme des —s_; (carp.) framing of a roof. _De fond en —_; from top to bottom. _Ruiné de fond en —_; utterly ruined. _La mesure est au —_; the measure is full. _Pour — de gloire_; to complete his glory. _Pour — de malheur_; to crown all; to cap our misfortune. _Au — de_; at the height of. _Mettre le — à_; to complete, to crown. =comble=, _adj._, heaped up full to the top. _Salle —_; house full, packed. =combleau=, _n.m._, (mil.) gun-tackle. =comblement=, _n.m._, filling up, heaping up. =combler=, _v.a._, to heap, to heap up, to make up, to fill up, to crown; to cover (deficit); to complete; to overwhelm. _— de faveurs_; to load with favors. =comblète=, _n.f._, (hunt.) cleft (of a deer’s foot). =combrière=, _n.f._, tunny net. =combuger=, _v.a._, to rinse out (casks). =comburant=, =-e=, _adj._, (chem.) burning. =combustible=, _n.m._, combustible. =combustible=, _n.m._, fuel, firing; (chem.) combustible. =combustibilité=, _n.f._, combustibility. =combustion= (kon-bus-tion), _n.f._, combustion, conflagration, flame; (fig.) tumult, uproar. =comédie=, _n.f._, comedy, play; play-house, theatre; shamming, farce; players; play-book. _Donner la —_; to make people laugh; to be the laughing-stock. _Jouer une —_; to act a play. _Le sujet_, _l’intrigue_, _le dénouement_, _d’une —_; the subject, plot, upshot, of a comedy. =comédien=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._ (-di-in, di-è-n), comedian, actor, actress, player; hypocrite, dissembler. _Troupe de —s_; company of actors. _—s ambulants_; strolling players. =comestible=, _adj._, eatable; edible. =comestible=, _n.m._, eatable. _pl._, eatables, provisions, victuals. =cométaire=, _adj._, cometary. =comète=, _n.f._, comet; kind of game at cards; satin ribbon; peculiar kind of firework. _— chevelue_; haired comet. _— barbue_; bearded comet. _— à queue_; tailed comet. _Vin de la —_; wine of the year 1811. =cométographie=, _n.f._, cometography. =comices=, _n.f.pl._, (antiq.) comitia. =comicial=, =-e=, _adj._, comitial. =comifère=, _adj._, (bot.) comose. =comique=, _adj._, comical, ludicrous, laughable, funny. _Le genre —_; comedy. _Acteur —_; comic actor. =comique=, _n.m._, the comic art, comedy; comical part or side; comic actor _or_ author _or_ singer. _Avoir du — dans la figure_; to have a comical face. =comiquement= (-mān), _adv._, comically, humorously. ☉=comite= _or_ =come=, _n.m._, overseer of a crew of galley-slaves, warder. =comité=, _n.m._, meeting of a few persons; small party; committee, board. _— permanent_; standing committee. _La chambre formée en —_; a committee of the whole house. _Petit —_; a small party; select few. _En petit —_; among ourselves. _Dîner en petit —_; to have a small dinner party of intimate friends. _— de lecture_; a committee for deciding upon the performance of new plays. =comma=, _n.m._, (print.) colon; (mus.) comma. =command=, _n.m._, (jur.) purchaser; principal. =commandant=, _adj._, (milit., nav.) commanding; (fig.) imposing, dictatorial. =commandant=, _n.m._, (milit., nav.) commandant, major. _— de place_; governor (of a fortified town). _— de la marine_; flag-officer. _— d’une escadre_; commodore. _Bien, mon —!_ very well, major. =commande=, _n.f._, order. _Ouvrage de —_; work done to order. _Marchandise de —_; goods, bespoken. _Sur —_; to order. _Maladie de —_; feigned sickness. _Louanges de —_; forced praise. =commandement=, _n.m._, command, order; word of command; manner of commanding; writ, order; commandment, precept, law, rule, injunction. _Il a tout à son —_; he has all things at command. _Être de —_; to be prescribed _or_ ordered. _Secrétaire des —s_; private secretary (to a prince). =commander=, _v.a._, to command, to order, to govern; to have the command of; to bespeak; to overlook. _Cette tour commande la ville_; that tower overlooks the town. =commander=, _v.n._, to command, to rule; to direct; to order, to bid; (milit., nav.) to give the word of command. _— à ses passions_; to master one’s passions. _— à la route_ (nav.); to shape a ship’s course. _se_ =commander=, _v.r._, to control oneself. =commanderie= (ko-mān-drî), _n.f._, commandery. =commandeur=, _n.m._, commander (in orders of knighthood). =commanditaire=, _n.m._, sleeping partner. =commandite=, _n.f._, limited joint-stock company. =commanditer=, _v.a._, to finance a commercial undertaking, to become a sleeping partner. =comme=, _adv._, as, like; so; almost, nearly; as it were, as if; how, in what way; so much. _— aussi_; (jur.) and likewise. _Faites — lui_; do like him. _— ci — cela_; so so, indifferently. _Il est — mort_; he is almost dead. _La lumière est — l’une des couleurs_; light is, as it were, one of the colors. _— vous me traitez_; how badly you treat me. _Vous voyez — il travaille_; you see how hard he works. _— quoi_; as how. =comme=, _conj._, as, seeing that, since, because. =commémoraison=, _n.f._, (c.rel.) commemoration, remembrance, mention, of a saint. =commémorati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, commemorative. =commémoration= (kom-mé-), _n.f._, (c.rel.) commemoration. _La — des morts_; commemoration of the dead; All-Souls’-Day. _Faire — de quelqu’un_; (fam.) to make mention of any one. =commémorer=, _v.a._, (neologism) to commemorate, to remember, to recollect. =commençant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, beginner, novice, tyro. =commencement= (ko-māns-mān), _n.m._, beginning, commencement; setting in. _Au —_; in the beginning, at first. _Les —s sont toujours difficiles_; beginnings are always difficult. =commencer=, _v.a._, to begin, to commence; to initiate, to impart the first principles to. _— quelqu’un_; to initiate, to begin with anyone. _— un cheval_; to begin training a horse. =commencer=, _v.n._, to commence, begin. _Lors-qu’il commença de parler_; when he began speaking. _Cet enfant commence à parler_; this child begins to speak. [_Commencer de_ indicates an action which will have an ending; _commencer à_ indicates an action which will go on progressing.] _N’a pas fait qui commence_; the beginning is not every thing. _À moitié fait qui commence bien_; a good beginning is half the battle. =commendataire=, _adj._, (canon law) commendatory. =commende=, _n.f._, (canon law) commendam. =commender=, _v.a._, to give in commendam. =commensal=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, habitual guest; boarder; officer admitted to the royal table. _Être — d’une maison_; to be habitually a guest in a house. _Être commensaux_; to be companions at meals. =commensalité=, _n.f._, right of admission to the royal table. =commensurabilité=, _n.f._, (math.) commensurableness, commensurability. =commensurable=, _adj._, (math.) commensurable. =commensuration=, _n.f._, (math.) commensuration. =comment=, _adv._, how, in what manner; why, wherefore; what! indeed! _— cela?_ how is that? _— faire?_ what is to be done? How can it be helped? _—! vous voulez le faire_; what! you wish to do it! =comment=, _n.m._, the reason, the why and the wherefore. _Savoir le pourquoi et le —_; to know the why and the wherefore. =commentaire=, _n.m._, commentary, comment, exposition; remark, observation. _Point de —!_ (fam.) no impertinent remarks! =commentateur=, _n.m._, commentator, annotator. =commenter=, _v.a._, to comment, to criticise, to explain, expound, annotate. =commenter=, _v.n._, to criticise; to comment upon. =commérage=, _n.m._, gossiping; gossip, tittle-tattle. =commerçable=, _adj._, negotiable. =commerçant=, _n.m._, trader, merchant, tradesman. =commerçant=, =-e=, _adj._, commercial, mercantile; trading. =commerce=, _n.m._, commerce, trade, trading, traffic; intercourse, communication, correspondence, acquaintance, communion, conversation; a game at cards. _— des colonies_, _— avec les colonies_; colonial trade. _Affaires de —_; mercantile affairs. _Femme de —_; tradeswoman. _Fond de —_; business, stock. _Être dans le —_; to be in business, in trade. _— en gros_; wholesale trade. _— en détail_; retail trade. _Il fait un gros —_; he drives a roaring trade. _Chambre de —_; chamber of commerce. _— de galanterie_; intrigue. _Lier — avec quelqu’un_; to establish a correspondence with anyone. _Liez — avec lui_; get acquainted with him. _Être d’un — sur_; to be a person to be depended upon. =commercer=, _v.n._, to trade, to drive a trade, to traffic in. =commercial=, =-e=, _adj._, commercial. =commercialement=, _adv._, commercially. =commère=, _n.f._, godmother; gossip; friend, body. _Cet homme est une vraie —_; that man is a regular gossip. _C’est une fameuse —_; (fam.) she is a bold, cunning woman, not easily discouraged. _Tout se fait par compère et par —_; all is done by favor. =commérer=, _v.n._, to gossip, to tittle-tattle. =commettage=, _n.m._, (nav.) laying of ropes and cables. =commettant=, _n.m._, constituent; employer; principal; (jur.) warrantor. _Corps de —s_; constituents, constituency. =commettre=, _v.a._, to commit, to perpetrate; to appoint, to delegate, to constitute, to commission, to empower; to commit to any one’s charge, to intrust, to trust with, to confide; to expose; to embroil; to set by the ears, to make mischief between; (nav.) to lay. _se_ =commettre=, _v.r._, to commit oneself; to expose oneself, to trust oneself. =commination=, _n.f._, (rhet.) commination. =comminatoire=, _adj._, (jur.) comminatory. =comminuti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, comminutive. =comminution=, _n.f._, comminution. =commis=, =-e=, _part._, committed, appointed, entrusted, exposed; (nav.) laid. =commis=, _n.m._, clerk; book-keeper; shopman. _Premier —_; head clerk. _— marchand_; merchant’s clerk. _— voyageur_; commercial traveler, bagman. _— aux vivres_; (nav.) steward. _— d’administration_; accountant. _— de boutique_, _de magasin_; shopman, counter jumper. =commise=, _n.f._, (feudal jur.) forfeit, escheat; female-clerk, counterwoman. =commisération= (kom-mi-), _n.f._, commiseration. =commissaire=, _n.m._, commissary; commissioner; manager; trustee; (of a vessel) purser. _— des guerres_; commissary. _— des vivres_; commissary of stores. _— adjoint_; deputy commissioner. _— des pauvres_; member of a charitable board. _— aux saisies réelles_; sequestrator. _— de police_; superintendent of police. _— priseur_; (_—s —s_) auctioneer, appraiser. =commissariat=, _n.m._, commissaryship, trusteeship; (milit.) commissariat. =commission=, _n.f._, commission, trust, charge; commission-trade; errand; mandate, warrant; the holding a trust for a time only; a committee. _Il est allé en —_; he is gone on an errand. _Obtenir — d’un juge_; to obtain a judge’s warrant. _— rogatoire_; writ of inquiry. _— d’enquête_; committee of inquiry. _Maison de —_; agency-office. _Membre d’une —_; committee-man. _En —_; (nav.) in commission. _En —_; (com.) on sale or return. _Faire des —s_; to run errands or to obtain orders. =commissionnaire=, _n.m._, messenger; porter, carrier, errand-boy; agent. _— de vente_; salesman. _— de roulage_; carrier, wagon office-keeper. _— chargeur_; freight agent. _— expéditeur_; shipping-agent. =commissionner=, _v.a._, to empower, to commission. =commissoire=, _adj._, (jur.) binding. =commissure=, _n.f._, (anat.) commissure. =commissural=, =-e=, _adj._, commissural. =committimus=, _n.m._, (_n.p._), (jur.) _Lettres de —_; chancery order appointing the court which is to take cognizance of an action. =committitur=, _n.m._ (_n.p._), (jur.) order of the president of a court of justice appointing a judge to hold an inquiry. =commodat=, _n.m._, (jur.) gratuitous loan (to be repaid in kind); bailment. =commode=, _adj._, commodious, convenient, favorable, serviceable, handy; comfortable; agreeable, easy; good-natured, accommodating. _Une maison —_; a comfortable house. _Il n’est pas —_; he is not accommodating, not easy, to get on with. =commode=, _n.f._, chest of drawers, drawers. =commodément=, _adv._, commodiously, conveniently, comfortably, suitably, easily. =commodité=, _n.f._, convenience, accommodation; ☉conveyance; comfort, ease. _—s_; water-closet. =commodore=, _n.m._, (nav.) commodore. =commotion=, _n.f._, commotion; shock; (med.) concussion (of the brain). =commuable=, _adj._, commutable. =commuer=, _v.a._, (jur.) to commute. =commun=, =-e=, _adj._, common; usual, ordinary, every day; mean, vulgar. _Le sens —_; common sense. _Je n’ai rien de — avec lui_; I have nothing in common with him. _À frais —s_; jointly. _Faire bourse —e_; to have one common stock or purse. _Lieux —s_; common places. _Le droit —_; common law. _D’une —e voix_; unanimously. _Une voix —e_; a vulgar voice. _Le bruit —_; current report. _Cette terre vaut tant de revenu année —e_; that land yields so much a year on an average. _Peu —_; uncommon, rare, unusual. =commun=, _n.m._, the generality; commonalty; common people, the vulgar, the mob. _Vivre sur le —_; to spunge. _L’âne du — est toujours le plus mal bâté_; matters of public concern are commonly neglected. _Le — des hommes_; the generality of men. _Le — des martyrs_; the common herd. _—s_; servants, or domestic offices, out-buildings. =communal=, =-e=, _adj._, parochial; parish; communal. =communauté=, _n.f._, community, society; communion; corporation. _— de biens_; community of property (between husband and wife); (jur.) communion. =communaux=, _n.m.pl._, (jur.) pasture grounds, common. =commune=, _n.f._, commune (inhabitants); parish, township (in France); town-hall. _La chambre des —s_; the House of Commons. _Le maire d’une —_; the mayor of a district. _Assemblée de la —_; vestry. =communément=, _adv._, commonly, usually, generally. =communiant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, communicant. =communicabilité=, _n.f._, communicability. =communicable=, _adj._, communicable. =communicati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, communicative. =communication=, _n.f._, intercourse, communication, _— de pièces_; (jur.) production of documents. _En — avec_; open to (mec.). _De —_; communicating, connecting. =communicativement=, _adj._, communicatively. =communier=, _v.n._, to communicate, to receive the sacrament. =communier=, _v.a._, to give the communion. =communion=, _n.f._, communion, fellowship; sacrament. _Faire sa première —_; to receive the sacrament for the first time; to be confirmed. =communiqué=, _n.m._, official communication, statement. =communiquer=, _v.a._, to communicate, to impart; to show, to tell, to acquaint. _se_ =communiquer=, _v.r._, to be communicative, to communicate with, to spread (of places). _Vous vous communiquez trop_; you are too communicative. =communiquer=, _v.n._, to hold or keep up a correspondence with. =communisme=, _n.m._, communism. =communiste=, _n.m.f._, communist. =commutati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (jur.) commutative. =commutation=, _n.f._, (jur.) commutation. =comocladie=, _n.f._, (bot.) maiden-plum, comocladia. =compacité=, _n.f._, (phys.) compactness, density. =compact=, =-e=, _adj._, compact, close, serried; (phys.) dense, solid. *=compagne=, _n.f._, female companion; consort, partner; helpmate; playmate; (of animals) mate. _Fidèle —_; faithful attendant. *=compagnie=, _n.f._, society, company; (com.) company; (hunt.) covey; levy, troop. _— ordonnancée_; chartered company. _— de commerce_; trading company. _Il n’y a pas si bonne — qui ne se sépare_; the best of friends must part. _Sa maison est le rendez-vous de la bonne —_; his house is the resort of fashionable people. _Dame de —_; lady’s companion. _Être de bonne —_; to be well-bred. _Aller en —_; to go together. _Tenir — à quelqu’un_; to keep any one company. _Fausser — à quelqu’un_; to desert any one, to give the slip to any one. _Une — de perdrix_; a covey of partridges. _Vous me traitez comme si j’étais —_; you treat me as if I were somebody. _Former une —_; to establish a company. _Règle de —_; fellowship. _Une — d’infanterie_; a company of foot. _Une — de cavalerie_; a troop of horse. _— franche_; independent company. *=compagnon=, _n.m._, companion, fellow, associate, co-mate, consort, mate, partner; journeyman, playfellow, playmate; droll fellow. _— d’école_, _d’étude_; schoolfellow. _— de table_; messmate. _— de jeu_; playfellow. _— de taverne_; pot-companion. _— d’armes_; companion in arms. _Joyeux —_; jolly fellow, jolly dog. _Traiter de pair à —_; to go cheek by jowl; to be “hail fellow well met” to anyone. *=compagnonnage=, _n.m._, journeymanship, trades-union, time of service. =comparabilité=, _n.f._, comparableness. =comparable=, _adj._, comparable, to be compared. =comparaison=, _n.f._, comparison; simile, similitude. _Toute — cloche_; comparisons are odious. _Il n’y a point de — de vous à lui_; there is no comparison between you and him. _Ce n’est qu’un ignorant en — d’un tel_; he is a mere ignoramus in comparison with such a one. _Par — à_, or _avec_, _ce que j’ai fait_; in comparison to, or with, what I have done. =comparaître=, _v.n._, to appear (before a tribunal). =comparant=, =-e=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, person appearing in court on a summons; appearer. =comparati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, comparative. =comparatif=, _n.m._, (gram.) comparative, comparative degree. =comparativement= (-mān), _adv._, comparatively. =comparer=, _v.a._, to compare. _Se —_; to be compared. ☉=comparoir=, _v.n._, (jur.) to appear. =comparse=, _n.m._, (thea.) supernumerary, figurant, figurante. =compartiment=, _n.m._, compartment, division. =compartimenté=, =-e=, _adj._, with compartments. =comparution=, _n.f._, (jur.) appearance. =compas=, _n.m._, pair of compasses, compass. _— à trois branches_; triangular compasses. _— à pointes changeantes_; draught compasses. _— de réduction_; proportional compasses. _— de variation_; azimuth compass. _Faire toutes choses par règle et par —_, to do everything by rule and compass. _Il a le — dans l’œil_; he has a good eye for distances, or he has a sure eye. =compassé=, =-e=, _adj._, formal, stiff, starched. =compassement= (-pâs-mān), _n.m._, compassing, (fig.) stiffness, starchedness. =compasser=, _v.a._, to measure with compasses; to proportion; to regulate; to weigh; to consider. _Un homme bien compassé_; a formal, affected man. =compassion=, _n.f._, compassion, pity, mercy. _Avoir — de quelqu’un_, _avoir de la — pour quelqu’un_; to take compassion on any one, to have compassion for any one. =compatibilité=, _n.f._, compatibility. =compatible=, _adj._, compatible, consistent. _Son humeur n’est pas — avec la mienne_; his temper does not agree with mine. =compatir=, _v.n._, to sympathize with, to compassionate, to commiserate, to pity; to agree, to be compatible with. =compatissance=, _n.f._, pity, sympathy. =compatissant=, =-e=, _adj._, compassionate, tender, pitying, feeling. =compatriote=, _n.m.f._, compatriot, fellow-countryman, fellow-countrywoman. =compendieusement=, _adv._, in brief, compendiously. =compendium= (kon-pin-di-om), _n.m._, compendium, abridgment, summary. =compensable=, _adj._, that may be compensated, compensable. =compensateur=, _n.m._, (horl.) compensating balance. _— magnétique_; magnetic compensator (to indicate the deviations of the mariner’s compass). =compensat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, (horl.) compensative, compensating. _Pendule —_; compensating pendulum. =compensation=, _n.f._, compensation, amends, reparation, satisfaction; set-off. _Faire —_; to compensate, to make amends for. =compensatoire=, _adj._, compensatory. =compenser=, _v.a._, to counter-balance, to set against; to compensate, to make up for. _Rien ne compense la perte de l’honneur_; nothing can make up for the loss of honor. _se_ =compenser=, _v.r._, to compensate each other; to be balanced, to be set off against; to be counteracted by. =compérage=, _n.m._, compaternity; cheating, trickery, collusion. =compère=, _n.m._, godfather; gossip; crony; pal; confederate of a quack. _Un bon —_; a good companion, fellow. _Un rusé —_; a sly old blade. _Par — et par commère_; by favor and interest. =compère-loriot=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (orni.) goldhammer, goldfinch, loriot, stye (on the eye). =compétemment= (kon-pé-ta-mān), _adv._, (l.u.) competently. =compétence=, _n.f._, competency, cognizance; competition; department, sphere, province. _Cela n’est pas de votre —_; that is beyond your province. =compétent=, =-e=, _adj._, sufficient, suitable, requisite; due; (jur.) cognizant; competent. _C’est un juge —_; he is a competent judge. _Vous n’êtes pas — pour cela_; you are not fit for that. =compéter=, _v.n._, (jur.) to belong; to be due; to be cognizable. =compétit-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, competitor, competitress, candidate. =compétition=, _n.f._, competition, rivalry, strife. =compilateur=, _n.m._, compiler. =compilation=, _n.f._, compilation. =compiler=, _v.a._, to compile. =complainte=, _n.f._, complaint (jur.); lament, complaint, lamentation, moan, plaint, wailing; plaintive ballad. =complaire=, _v.n._, to humor, to please, to gratify, to comply with the wishes (of); to condescend to. _se_ =complaire=, _v.r._, to delight in; to admire one’s self. =complaisamment= (-zam-an), _adv._, complaisantly, obligingly. =complaisance=, _n.f._, kindness, goodness; complaisance, complacency; (com.) accommodation. _—s_; love, affection. _Abuser de la — de quelqu’un_; to abuse any one’s goodness. _Faire une chose par —_; to do a thing out of kindness. =complaisant=, =-e=, _adj._, complaisant, affable, civil, obliging; kind. =complaisant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, over-civil person, fawner; go-between. =complant=, _n.m._, (agri.) plantation, vineyard. =complément=, _n.m._, complement, completion, supplement; objective case. =complémentaire=, _adj._, complementary, completing. =compl-et=, =-ète=, _adj._, complete, full, total, whole, perfect. _Un habillement —_; a complete suit of clothes. _Œuvres —ètes_; complete works. =complet=, _n.m._, complement, full number. _Être au —_; to be full. _Au grand —_; quite full; all present. =complètement= (kon-plet-mān), _adv._, completely, thoroughly, entirely, wholly; utterly. =complètement=, _n.m._, finishing, completion. =compléter=, _v.a._, to complete, to perfect; to fill up, make up. =compléti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) completive. =complexe=, _adj._, complex; complicated. =complexion=, _n.f._, constitution; disposition, complexion, humor, temper, inclination. =complexionné=, =-e=, _adj._, constituted; inclined. =complexité=, _n.f._, complexity. =complication=, _n.f._, intricacy, complication. =complice=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, accomplice, accessory, privy to; a party to. =complicité=, _n.f._, complicity, participation. =complies=, _n.f.pl._, (c.rel.) compline. =compliment=, _n.m._, compliment. _pl._, congratulations. _Faire — à quelqu’un_; to compliment any one. _Faites-lui mes —s_; give him, her, my compliments. _Mes —s chez vous_; remember me to all at home. _Je vous en fais mon —_; I wish you joy. _Rengainer son —_; to stop short, not to go on with. _Sans —_; really, sincerely. =complimenter=, _v.a._, to compliment, to congratulate. =complimenteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, complimenter. =complimenteu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, complimentary. =compliqué=, =-e=, _adj._, complicated, intricate. =compliquer=, _v.a._, to render intricate, to complicate, to entangle. _se_ =compliquer=, _v.r._, to become complicated. =complot=, _n.m._, plot, conspiracy. =comploter=, _v.a._, to plot. =comploteur=, _n.m._, plotter, schemer. =componction=, _n.f._, compunction, contrition, remorse. =componé=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) compony. ☉=comportement=, _n.m._, demeanor, comportment. =comporter=, _v.a._, to permit, to allow, to admit of. _Le temps le comporte_; the times require it. _se_ =comporter=, _v.r._, to behave, to behave one’s self; to act; to manage. _Se — mal_; to misbehave. _Il se comportera mieux à l’avenir_; he will behave better for the future. =composant=, _n.m._, (chem.) component. =composante=, _n.f._, (math.) component. =composé=, =-e=, _adj._, composed, compound; complicate; affected, stiff. _Un mot —_; a compound word. _Il a l’air extrêmement sérieux et —_; he looks very grave and formal. _Air —_; stiff, starched air. =composé=, _n.m._, compound. =composée=, _n.f._, (bot.) composite flower. =composer=, _v.a._, to compose, form, create, compound, make, fashion, adjust, regulate. _— sa mine_; to adjust one’s looks. _Il faut savoir se — selon le temps, selon les lieux_; one must regulate one’s self according to time and place. _— des almanachs_; to indulge in chimerical dreams. _— un papier d’examen_; to write out an examination paper. =composer=, _v.n._, to compound, to compromise, to make up, to adjust; to capitulate. _Il a composé avec ses créanciers_; he has compounded with his creditors. =composeur=, _n.m._, scribbler, paltry writer. =composite=, _adj._, (arch.) composite. =composite=, _n.m._, composite order. =compositeur=, _n.m._, composer (of music); (jur.) compounder; (print.) compositor. _Amiable —_; (jur.) compounder, friendly arbitrator. =composition=, _n.f._, composition, construction, composing, written examination; theme, agreement, settlement; capitulation. _Venir à —_; to come to an agreement. _Un homme de —_; an easy, tractable person. _Faire bonne —_; to grant advantageous terms. _Il est de difficile —_; he is hard to deal with. _Se rendre par —_; to surrender upon terms. _Entrer en —_; to enter into terms of composition. =compost=, _n.m._, (agri.) compost. =composter=, _v.a._, (agri.) to compost. =composteur=, _n.m._, (print.) composing-stick. =compote=, _n.f._, compote, stewed fruit, stew. _— de pigeons_; stewed pigeons. _Avoir l’œil en —_; to have a black eye. _Avoir les yeux en —_; to have a pair of black eyes. =compotier= (-tié), _n.m._, shallow dish for stewed fruit. =compréhensibilité=, _n.f._, comprehensibility. =compréhensible=, _adj._, comprehensible, conceivable, intelligible. =compréhensi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, comprehensive. =compréhension=, _n.f._, comprehension, apprehension, understanding, intelligence. =compréhensivité=, _n.f._, comprehensiveness, faculty of comprehending. =comprendre=, _v.a._, to comprehend, to include, to comprise, to contain, to understand, to conceive. _Je comprends fort bien ce que vous me dites_; I understand very well what you say to me. _— mal_; to misunderstand. _À ce que je comprends_; by what I understand. _Je ne le comprends pas_; I do not know what to make of him. =compresse=, _n.f._, (surg.) compress, bolster, pledget. _— fenêtrée_; perforated compress. =compressibilité=, _n.f._, compressibility. =compressible=, _adj._, compressible. =compressi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (surg.) compressive. =compression=, _n.f._, compression, squeezing, condensation; (surg.) astriction. =comprimable=, _adj._, compressible. =comprimé=, =-e=, _part._, (bot.) compressed, flat, condensed; put down, kept under. =comprimer=, _v.a._, to compress, to condense; to quell; to put down, to keep down, to restrain, to check, to curb. =compris=, =-e=, _adj._, _part._, understood, included. _Y —_; inclusive of, including. _Non —_; not including, exclusive of, without. =compromettant=, _adj._, injurious, dangerous, compromising; incriminating, damaging; disreputable. =compromettre=, _v.n._, to compromise, to implicate; to put to arbitration, to consent to a reference, to refer to the arbitrament of one or more arbitrators. =compromettre=, _v.a._, to expose, to commit, to compromise, to jeopardize, to imperil, to endanger. _— son autorité_, _sa dignité_; to imperil one’s authority or character. _se_ =compromettre=, _v.r._, to implicate, to compromise, oneself. =compromis=, _n.m._, mutual agreement, compromise. _Mettre en —_; to submit to arbitration. =compromissaire=, _n.m._, arbitrator, referee. =compromissionnaire=, _adj._, by compromise. =comptabilité= (kon-ta-), _n.f._, accounts, book-keeping. _Il entend bien la —_; he has a thorough knowledge of accounts. =comptable= (kon-tabl), _adj._, accountable, responsible. _Agent —_; accountant; responsible agent; (nav.) paymaster. _Nous sommes —s de nos talents à la patrie_; we are accountable to our country for our talents. =comptable=, _n.m._, accountant; responsible agent. =comptant= (kon-tān), _n.m._, ready money, cash. _Au —_; (com.) for cash. _Payer —_; to pay ready money. _Avoir du —_; to be well provided with cash. _Voilà tout mon —_; here is all my cash. =comptant=, _adj._, (of money) ready; (of payment) in cash; (com.) prompt. =compte= (kont), _n.m._, account, reckoning, calculation, score; due, rate; question; statement, report; profit; benefit; esteem, value, regard. _Avez-vous votre —?_ have you got the right amount? _Je n’ai pas mon —_; I have not my due. _De — fait_; altogether, on computation. _— rond_; even money. _— borgne_; odd money. _À —_; on account. _À bon —_; cheaply, at a small cost. _Livre de —_; book of accounts. _Roue de —_; (horl.) notch-wheel. _Chambre des —s_; chamber of accounts. _Auditeur des —s_; auditor of the exchequer. _Arrêter_, _solder_, _un —_, _des —s_; to settle accounts. _Arrêté de —_; account agreed upon, statement of account. _Pour solde de —_; in full of all demands. _Faire rendre —_; to call to account. _Rendre —_; to give an account. _Avoir un — en banque_; to have money at a banker’s. _Mettre en ligne de —_; to pass to account. _Valider un —_; to verify an account. _Ouir un —_; to audit an account. _Arrêter un —_; to strike a balance. _Il y a un reliquat de — à solder_; there is a balance still owing. _Tenir —_; to keep an account. _Ne tenir ni — ni mesure_; to leave all at sixes and sevens. _À bon —_; at a cheap rate. _Être de bon —_; to be fair in one’s dealings. _Faire —_; to depend upon, to expect, to intend. _Il n’y a pas trouvé son —_; he did not find what he expected _or_ that it paid. _Ils sont bien loin de —_; they are a long way out. _Vous m’en rendrez —_; you shall answer for it. _Il faut lui rendre — de tout_; we must account to him for everything. _Faire le — de_; to suit, to do well. _Je prends cela sur mon —_; I will be responsible for that. _On ne sait à quoi s’en tenir sur son —_; we do not know what to think of him. _À ce —-là_; at that rate. _Les bons —s font les bons amis_; short reckonings make long friends. _Faire — d’une personne_; to value a person. _Il n’en fait aucun —_; he slights him. _Au bout du —_; when all is said and done. _En fin de —_; in the end. _Se rendre — de_; to get a clear idea of. _Erreur n’est pas —_; errors excepted. =compte-pas=, _n.m._, (_—_) odometer, pedometer; surveying-wheel. _V._ =odomètre=. =compter= (kon-té), _v.a._, to count, to reckon, to number, to calculate, to compute; to include; to charge; to settle accounts. _— ses pas_; to walk slowly. _Marcher à pas comptés_; to walk with measured steps. =compter=, _v.n._, to reckon, to calculate; to intend, to purpose; to think, to expect. _Quand comptez vous partir?_ when do you purpose setting out? _Je compte le voir demain_; I expect to see him to-morrow. _— sur_; to depend upon, to rely upon, to count upon; to anticipate, to expect. _Comptez que_; remember that. _Comptez dessus_; depend upon it. _À — de_; from, reckoning from. _Qui compte sans son hôte compte deux fois_; he who reckons without his host, must reckon again. =compte rendu=, _n.m._, return, report, statement. =compteur= (kon-teur), _n.m._, counter, accountant, computer; (mach.) tell-tale; (tech.) meter. _— kilométrique_; cyclometer. =comptoir= (kon-toâr), _n.m._, counter; counting-house; factory, settlement; bar (of a public house, &c.). _Dame de —_; shopwoman; barmaid. _Garçon de —_; barman, barkeeper. =compulser=, _v.a._, to look through a register; to examine, in virtue of a judge’s order. =compulsoire=, _n.m._, (jur.) examination of papers in virtue of a judge’s order. =comput= (kon-put), _n.m._, computation. =computation=, _n.f._, computation. =computiste=, _n.m._, computer, computist. =comtal=, =-e=, _adj._, belonging to an earl or a countess. =comtat=, _n.m._, county (of Avignon, _or_ Venaissin). =comte=, _n.m._, count; earl. =comté=, _n.m._, county; earldom, shire. =comtesse=, _n.f._, countess. =concasser=, _v.a._, to pound, to bruise, to crush. =concasseur=, _n.m._, bruising, _or_ crushing, mill; (tech.) steam-roller. =concaténation=, _n.f._, concatenation. =concave=, _adj._, concave. =concavité=, _n.f._, concaveness, concave, concavity. =concavo-concave=, _adj._, concavo-concave. =concavo-convexe=, _adj._, concavo-convex. =concédant=, _n.m._, grantor. =concéder=, _v.a._, to grant, to yield, to allow. _se_ =concéder=, _v.r._, to be granted, allowed. =concentration=, _n.f._, concentration. =concentré=, =-e=, _part._, concentrated; concentred; close, silent, reserved, close-tongued. _Un homme toujours —_; a thoughtful man; a man who is not communicative. _Haine —e_; suppressed hatred. =concentrer=, _v.a._, to concentrate; to dissemble, to repress, to smother. _— sa fureur_; to dissemble one’s rage. _se_ =concentrer=, _v.r._, to concentrate, to meet in one centre; to centre; to retire within one’s self. =concentrique=, _adj._, concentric. =concentriquement=, _adv._, concentrically. =concept= (kon-sèpt), _n.m._, (log.) concept. =conceptible=, _adj._, conceivable. =concepti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, conceptive. =conception=, _n.f._, conception; apprehension; thought, notion, understanding; wit, conceit. _Il a la — vive_, _facile_, _dure_; he is quick, easy, dull, of apprehension. _Vous n’avez pas de — comment ..._; you have no idea how ... =concernant=, _prep._, concerning, relating to, touching, about, in reference to. =concerner=, _v.a._ to relate or belong to, to concern, to regard. =concert=, _n.m._, concert; harmony; unanimity, concord. _— spirituel_; oratorio. _— de louanges_; chorus of praises. _De —_; by mutual consent. _Agir de —_; to act in concert. _Faire une chose de —_; to go hand in hand in a business. =concertant=, =-e=, _adj._, in concert (mus.). _Symphonie —e_; symphony performed in concert by two or three or more instruments. =concertant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, performer in a concert. =concerté=, =-e=, _adj._, concerted, planned; contrived; affected; studied; starched. =concerter=, _v.a._, to contrive, to concert; to plan, to devise; ☉to practise for a concert. _se_ =concerter=, _v.r._, to plan together, to concert; to lay ones’ heads together; to deliberate. =concerto=, _n.m._, (_—s_) concerto. =concesseur=, _n.m._, grantor. =concession=, _n.f._, concession, grant, privilege. =concessionnaire=, _n.m._, grantee. _— d’un privilège_; patentee. _adj._, privileged. =concetti=, _n.m.pl._, (_n.s._) witty conceits; affected wit. =concevable=, _adj._, conceivable, imaginable. =concevoir=, _v.a._, to apprehend, to imagine, to understand, to perceive, to take, to comprehend; to word, to express; to conceive; to become pregnant. _Elle est hors d’âge de —_; she is past child-bearing. =conche=, _n.f._, (tech.) brine-pit. =conchoïdal=, =-e= (-ko-), _adj._, (geom.) conchoidal. =conchoïde= (-ko-), _n.f._, (geom.) conchoid. =conchologie=, _n.f._, conchology. =conchologique=, _adj._, conchological. =conchologiste=, _n.m._, conchologist. =conchyte= (-kit), _n.f._, conchite. =concierge=, _n.m.f._, house-porter, portress; door-keeper, hall-porter. =conciergerie=, _n.f._, place of porter or door-keeper; porter’s lodge. _Conciergerie_; a prison in Paris. =concile=, _n.m._, an assembly of prelates and doctors, council; decrees and decisions of a council. =conciliable=, _adj._, reconcilable. =conciliabule=, _n.m._, conventicle, cabal, secret meeting. _— en plein air_; field conventicle. =conciliaire=, _adj._, of or belonging to a council. =conciliairement=, _adj._, in council. =conciliant=, =-e=, _adj._, conciliating, reconciling, conciliatory. =conciliat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, conciliator; reconciler. =conciliat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, conciliatory, conciliating. =conciliation=, _n.f._, conciliation; reconciliation. =conciliatoire=, _adj._, conciliatory. =concilier=, _v.a._, to reconcile, to conciliate, to accord; to gain, to win, to procure. _se_ =concilier=, _v.r._, to conciliate, to gain, to win, to ingratiate one’s self. _Se — les esprits_; to gain people’s good will. =concis=, =-e=, _adj._, concise, brief, short. =concision=, _n.f._, brevity, conciseness. =concitoyen=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._ (-in, -è-n), fellow-citizen; fellow-townsman or townswoman. =conclave=, _n.m._, assembly of cardinals; conclave. =conclaviste=, _n.m._, conclavist. =concluant=, =-e=, _adj._, conclusive, decisive. =conclure=, _v.a._, to conclude, to finish; to infer from; to move. _Qu’en voulez-vous —?_ what do you infer from that? =conclure=, _v.n._, to conclude, to infer; to think, to judge. _Cette raison ne conclut pas_; this reason proves nothing. _— criminellement contre quelqu’un_; to bring any one in guilty. =conclusi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, conclusive. =conclusion=, _n.f._, final decision, conclusion; end, issue; inference. =concoct-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, concoctive. =concoction=, _n.f._, concoction. =concombre=, _n.m._, (bot.) cucumber. _— sauvage_; horse cucumber. =concomitance=, _n.f._, concomitance. =concomitant=, =-e=, _adj._, concomitant. =concordance=, _n.f._, concordance, agreement; concord. =concordant=, _n.m._, (mus.) baritone. =concordant=, _adj._, (mus.) concordant. =concordat=, _n.m._, concordat, compact, agreement; composition; bankrupt’s certificate. _Bénéfice de —_; (jur.) benefit of the insolvent act. _Sans —_; (jur.) uncertificated (of bankrupts). =concordataire=, _n.m._, certificated bankrupt. =concorde=, _n.f._, concord, good understanding, agreement, harmony. _Mettre la — entre des ennemis_; to reconcile enemies. =concorder=, _v.n._, to live in concord, to agree, to concur. =concourant=, =-e=, _adj._, concurrent. =concourir=, _v.n._, to concur, to conspire, to contribute to, to cooperate in; to compete for; to unite; to meet. _Tout concourt à ma ruine_; all things conspire to my ruin. _Être admis à —_; to be allowed to compete. _Ces deux hommes ont concouru pour le prix_; these two men competed for the prize. =concours=, _n.m._, concurrence, cooperation, assistance; concourse; meeting; match, tournament; competition; competitive examination. _Son — m’a été fort utile_; his cooperation has been very useful to me. _Se présenter au —_; to compete for. =concr-et=, =-ète=, _adj._, (arith., log.) concrete; (math.) applicate. =concret=, _n.m._, (log.) concrete. =concrétion=, _n.f._, concretion. =concubinage=, _n.m._, concubinage. =concubinaire=, _n.m._, one who keeps a concubine. =concubine=, _n.f._, concubine. =concupiscence=, _n.f._, concupiscence, lust. =concupiscent=, =-e=, _adj._, concupiscent, libidinous. =concupiscible=, _adj._, concupiscible. =concurremment= (-kur-ra-măn), _adv._, concurrently, in concurrence; jointly, together. =concurrence= (kon-kur-rans), _n.f._, competition, rivalry, opposition. _Jusqu’à — de_; to the amount of, to the extent of. _Faire — à_; to compete with, to oppose. =concurrent=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, competitor, rival, opponent. =concussion=, _n.f._, extortion, embezzlement, peculation. _User de —_; to be guilty of bribery. =concussionnaire=, _n.m._, extortioner, peculator, embezzler. =concussionnaire=, _adj._, guilty of peculation, of bribery, extortion. =condamnable= (-da-na-), _adj._, condemnable, blamable, criminal. =condamnation= (-da-na-), _n.f._, condemnation, judgment, sentence. _Subir sa —_; to undergo one’s sentence. _Subir —_; to accept a sentence (without appeal). _— par défaut_; judgment by default. _Passer —_; to pass sentence; to confess oneself in the wrong. =condamné=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (kon-da-né), condemned, convict. =condamner= (kon-da-né), _v.a._, to condemn, to sentence; to blame, to censure; to block up (doors, windows); to give over (patients). _— à une amende_; to fine. _— d’avance_; to prejudge. =condensabilité=, _n.f._, condensability. =condensable=, _adj._, condensable. =condensateur=, _n.m._, (phys.) condenser. =condensation=, _n.f._, condensation. =condenser=, _v.a._, (phys.) to condense. _— de nouveau_; to recondense. _Machine à —_; condensing-engine. _se_ =condenser=, _v.r._, (phys.) to condense, to be condensed. =condenseur=, _n.m._, (mec.) condenser. =condescendance=, _n.f._, condescension, compliance. _Acte de —_; act of condescension, condescendence. =condescendant=, =-e=, _adj._, condescending, complying. =condescendre=, _v.n._, to condescend, to comply, to yield, to stoop to. =condiment=, _n.m._, condiment. =condisciple=, _n.m._, school-fellow. =condit=, _n.m._, (pharm.) confection. =condition=, _n.f._, condition, circumstances, nature; quality, figure, rank, fortune; station; situation, place; offer, terms; (silk manu.) drying-room. _Améliorer sa —_; to better one’s circumstances. _Les gens de —_; people of fashion. _Être de —_; to be well born. _Être de basse —_; to be low born. _Chacun doit vivre selon sa —_; every one ought to live according to his station. _Toutes les —s ont leurs désagréments_; every condition has its own drawbacks. _Il est dans une bonne —_; he has a good place. _— provisionnelle_; proviso. _Sans —_; without a proviso. _Ils se sont rendus à des —s honorables_; they surrendered upon honorable terms. _À —_, _sous —_; on condition. _Vendre sous —_; to sell on approval. _À — que_; on condition, provided that. _En —_; in service (of servants). =conditionné=, =-e=, _adj._, made up, conditioned (with _bien_ or _mal_); sound; downright; egregious; tipsy, tight; in a pretty state. =conditionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, conditional; (jur.) provisory. =conditionnel=, _n.m._, (gram.) conditional. =conditionnellement=, _adv._, conditionally, on condition. =conditionnement=, _n.m._, drying (of silk). =conditionner=, _v.a._, (com.) to put into good condition, to make up; to dry (of silk). =condoléance=, _n.f._, condolence. _Faire ses compliments de — à quelqu’un_; to pay a visit of condolence to anyone. =condoma=, _n.m._, a species of antelope. =condor=, _n.m._, (orni.) condor. =conduct-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, conductor, conductress, leader, guide; driver. _— de train_; guard. =conduct-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, leading; (phys.) conducting. =conductibilité=, _n.f._, conductibility. =conductible=, _adj._, conductible. =conduction=, _n.f._, (phys.) conduction; (civic law) hiring. =conduire= (conduisant, conduit), _v.a._, to conduct, to lead, to guide, to convey, to carry, to bring, to take; to go along with, to accompany, to attend, to escort; to have the command of; to govern, to rule, to direct, to manage. _Conduisez monsieur à sa chambre_; show the gentleman to his room. _— un troupeau_; to drive a flock. _— une affaire_; to manage a business. _— un jeune homme_; to train or bring up a youth. _— la conscience de quelqu’un_; to direct any one’s conscience. _— un bâtiment_, _un travail_; to be surveyor of a building, to have the direction of a work. _Savoir — sa barque_; to play one’s cards well. _se_ =conduire=, _v.r._, to conduct, to behave oneself; to guide, to govern, oneself; to find one’s way. =conduire=, _v.n._, to conduct, to lead to; to drive. _Ce chemin conduit à la ville_; this road leads to the town. _— à grandes guides_; to drive four-in-hand. _L’art de —_; the art of driving. =conduit=, _n.m._, conduit, duct, passage, pipe; tube, canal. _— auditif_; auditory passage. _— acoustique_; speaking-pipe. _— de vent_; (mach.) blast-pipe. =conduite=, _n.f._, conduct, leading; management, charge, direction, administration; behavior, demeanor, deportment; guidance, prudence, discretion; water-pipes; (nav.) conduct-money; (mus.) port (of the voice). _Tuyau de —_; delivery pipe. _Se charger de la — d’une affaire_; to undertake the management of a business. _La — d’une pièce de théâtre_; the disposition, arrangement, of a drama. _— régulière_; orderly conduct. _Avoir de la —_; to be well-behaved. _Manquer de —_; to misconduct oneself, to be ill-behaved. _Faire la — à quelqu’un_; to see anyone off; to attend anyone to the grave. =condupliqué=, _adj._, (bot.) (of leaves) conduplicated. =condyle=, _n.m._, (anat.) condyle. =condyloïde=, _adj._, condyloid. =cône=, _n.m._, cone; (opt.) pencil; (bot.) strobile. _En —_; conical. ☉=confabulateur=, _n.m._, story-teller, conversationalist. ☉=confabulation=, _n.f._, confabulation. ☉=confabuler=, _v.n._, to confabulate, to chat. =confection=, _n.f._, confection, making up; ready made clothes; electuary; execution, completion. _La — du chyle_; the formation of the chyle. _La — d’un inventaire_; the completing an inventory. _Maison de —s_; dress-making establishment. =confectionné=, =-e=, _adj._, made, manufactured, ready-made. =confectionner=, _v.a._, to manufacture, to make, to finish. =confectionneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, maker, finisher (of wearing apparel), clothier, outfitter. =confédérati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, confederative. =confédération=, _n.f._, confederation, confederacy. =confédéré=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, confederate, associate, federate, accomplice. _se_ =confédérér=, _v.r._, to confederate, to unite, to combine. =conférence=, _n.f._, conference; lecture; comparison, collation. _Maître de —_; lecturer, professor. =conférencier=, _n.m._, lecturer. =conférer=, _v.n._, to compare, to collate, to confer, to bestow, to grant. _— un auteur avec un autre_; to collate two authors. =conférer=, _v.n._, to consult together, to confer; to bestow, to grant; (print.) to revise. =conferve=, _n.f._, (bot.) conferva, hair-weed. =confesse=, _n._, (c.rel.) confession (to a priest). [This noun has no gender, is _always_ accompanied by _à_ or _de_, and _never_ by any article.] _Aller à —_; to go to confession. =confesser=, _v.a._, to confess; to acknowledge, to avow, to own, to admit. _C’est le diable à —_; it is terribly hard, or very hard lines. _se_ =confesser=, _v.r._, to confess one’s sins, to confess (to a priest). _Se — au renard_; to betray oneself. =confesseur=, _n.m._, confessor; father confessor. =confession=, _n.f._, confession, acknowledgment, avowal. _Donner à quelqu’un le bon Dieu sans —_; to trust any one with untold gold. =confessionnal=, _n.m._, confessional. =confiance=, _n.f._, confidence, reliance, trust, dependence, assurance; self-conceit. _Avoir de la — en quelqu’un_; to repose confidence in any one. _Donner sa — à quelqu’un_; to confide in any one. _Homme de —_; confidential man of business. _Une personne de —_; a trustworthy person. _Cela donne de la —_; that inspires confidence. =confiant=, =-e=, _adj._, confident, unsuspecting, sanguine; self-conceited. =confidemment= (-da-mān), _adv._, in confidence, confidentially. =confidence=, _n.f._, confidence, secrecy, secret, disclosure; trust (of benefices). _Être dans la — de quelqu’un_; to be in any one’s confidence. _Il était dans la —_; he was in the secret. _Un échange de —s_; an exchange of secrets. _Faire une — à quelqu’un_; to tell a secret to any one; to take any one into one’s confidence. _Faire une — fausse_; to make a pretended disclosure. _Tenir un bénéfice en —_; to hold a living in trust. =confident=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, confident, confidant, confidante. =confidentiaire= (-ci-), _n.m._, one who holds a living in trust. =confidentiel=, =-le= (-ci-), _adj._, confidential. =confidentiellement= (-ci-), _adv._, confidentially. =confier=, _v.a._, to confide, to intrust, to commit to; to tell in confidence. _se_ =confier=, _v.r._, to trust in; to place reliance on; to unbosom one’s self to. _Se — en ses forces_; to trust to one’s own strength. _Je me confie à vous_; I trust you. =configuration=, _n.f._, configuration, form, shape. =configurer=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to configurate, to form, to shape. =confinement=, _n.m._, (jur.) confinement, imprisonment. =confiner=, _v.n._, to border upon; to confine, to limit, to adjoin. =confiner=, _v.a._, to confine, to imprison. _se_ =confiner=, _v.r._, to confine, to limit one’s self. =confinité=, _n.f._, confinity, contiguity. =confins=, _n.m.pl._, confines, borders, limits. _Aux — de la terre_; at the ends of the earth. =confire= (confisant, confit), _v.a._, to preserve; to candy, to pickle. _Confit en dévotion_; extremely devout. _— une peau_; to soak a skin. _C’est un homme confit_; he is done for. _Se —_; to be preserved. =confirmati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, confirmatory. =confirmation=, _n.f._, confirmation, ratification, sanction. _Cela a besoin de —_; that requires confirmation. =confirmer=, _v.a._, to confirm, to ratify, to sanction. _— quelqu’un_; (l.ex.) to give any one a slap in the face. _se_ =confirmer=, _v.r._, to be confirmed. =confiscable=, _adj._, confiscable, forfeitable, liable to forfeiture. =confiscant=, _adj._, (jur.) confiscating. =confiscation=, _n.f._, confiscation, forfeiture. =confiserie=, _n.f._, confectionery, confectioner’s shop. =confiseur=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, confectioner. =confisquer=, _v.a._, to confiscate, to forfeit, to impound. =confite=, _part._, _adj._, preserved, pickled. =confiteor=, _n.m._, (_—_) confiteor. _Dire son —_; to acknowledge one’s fault. =confiture=, _n.f._, preserve, jam. =confituri-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, dealer in preserves, confectioner; preserve-maker. =conflagration=, _n.f._, conflagration. =conflit=, _n.m._, contention, strife, contest, rivalry, conflict, collision, encounter; jarring, clashing. =confluent=, _n.m._, (geog.) confluence, junction, conflux. =confluent=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) confluent. _Petite verolé —e_; confluent small-pox. =confluer=, _v.n._, to be confluent. =confondre=, _v.a._, to confound, to confuse; to blend, to mix, to mingle; to amaze, to astound, to abash. _se_ =confondre=, _v.r._, to be confounded, to blend, to mingle, to be lost in. =conformation=, _n.f._, conformation. =conforme=, _adj._, conformable, congenial, consonant, consistent. _Pour copie —_; a true copy, conformable to the original. =conformé=, =-e=, _adj._, formed, shaped. =conformément=, _adv._, suitably, conformably, agreeably. =conformer=, _v.a._, to conform. _se_ =conformer=, _v.r._, to conform one’s self, to follow, to comply with. _Se — aux circonstances_; to conform to circumstances. =conformiste=, _n.m.f._, conformist. =conformité=, _n.f._, likeness, agreement, conformity, compliance. _En —_; conformably, in compliance with, agreeably to. =confort=, _n.m._, comfort, ease; ☉help, succour. =confortable=, _adj._, consolatory, comfortable. =confortable=, _n.m._, comfort, ease. =confortant=, =-e=, _or_ =confortati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, strengthening, comforting. =confortatif=, _n.m._, (med.) corroborant. =confortation=, _n.f._, (l.u.) strengthening. =conforter=, _v.a._, to comfort; (med.) to strengthen; to console. =confraternité=, _n.f._, fraternity, brotherhood, fellowship. =confrère=, _n.m._, colleague; fellow-member; contemporary, brother-magistrate, etc. =confrérie=, _n.f._, brotherhood, confraternity. =confrication=, _n.f._, (pharm.) confrication. =confrontation=, _n.f._, confrontation; comparing, collation (of writings). =confronter=, _v.a._, to confront, to stand face to face; to compare, to collate. _— la copie à l’original_; to compare the copy with the original. =confus=, =-e=, _adj._, vague, indistinct, ashamed, abashed, crestfallen, confused; obscure, dim, faint. _Bruit —_; confused rumor. =confusément=, _adv._, confusedly, vaguely, dimly. =confusion=, _n.f._, confusion; disorder, disturbance, trouble; shame, blush. _Mettre tout en —_; to disturb everything. _En —_; in disorder, disorderly. =confutation=, _n.f._, confutation; refutation. =confuter=, _v.a._, to disprove, to confute, to refute. =congé=, _n.m._, (milit.) leave; liberty, permission; discharge, dismissal; warning, notice (to quit); holiday; congé; permit; (nav.) pass, clearance; (arch.) apophysis; escape; (milit.) furlough. _Prendre —_; to take one’s leave. _Jour de —_; holiday. _En —_; on leave, on furlough. =congéable=, _adj._, dismissable, dischargeable; (jur.) held under tenancy at will. =congédier=, _v.a._, to discharge, to dismiss, to pay off; to disband, to break up. =congélable=, _adj._, congealable. =congélateur=, _n.m._, refrigerator, freezing machine. =congélation=, _n.f._, congelation, congealing; (mas.) rock-work; icicle (on sculptures). =congeler=, _v.a._, to congeal, to freeze; to coagulate. _se_ =congeler=, _v.r._, to congeal, to freeze; to coagulate. =congénère=, _adj._, congener, congenerous. =congénital=, =-e=, _adj._, congenital. =congestion= (-jès-tion), _n.f._, congestion. =congiaire=, _n.m._, (antiq.) subsidy. =conglobation=, _n.f._, (rhet.) conglobation. ☉=conglobé=, =-e=, _adj._, conglobate; (anat.) lymphatic; globate, globated. =conglomérat=, _n.m._, (geol.) conglomerate. =conglomération=, _n.f._, conglomeration. =conglomérer=, _v.a._, to conglomerate. =conglutinant=, =-e=, _adj._, conglutinant. =conglutinati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, conglutinative. =conglutination=, _n.f._, conglutination. =conglutiner=, _v.a._, to glue together; to thicken, to conglutinate. =congratulation=, _n.f._, congratulation. =congratulatoire=, _adj._, congratulatory. =congratuler=, _v.a._, (jest.) to congratulate, to felicitate. =congre=, _n.m._, conger; conger-eel. =congréer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to worm (a cable). =congréganiste=, _n.m.f._, congregationalist. =congrégation=, _n.f._, fraternity, congregation; brotherhood. _— des fidèles_; whole body of any church. =congrès=, _n.m._, congress. =congrier=, _n.m._, stake-net. =congru=, =-e=, _adj._, suitable, consistent, agreeable to, congruous, proper. _Portion —e_; suitable allowance. =congruité=, _n.f._, congruity, consistency, propriety. =congrûment=, _adv._, congruously, properly. =conicine=, _n.f._, (chem.) conia. =conifère=, _adj._, coniferous. =coniforme=, _adj._, coniform. =conique=, _adj._, conical. =coniques=, _n.f.pl._, conics, conic sections. =conite=, _n.m._, (min.) conite. =conjectural=, =-e=, _adj._, conjectural. =conjecturalement= (-ral-mān), _adv._, conjecturally. =conjecture=, _n.f._, guess, conjecture, surmise. =conjecturer=, _v.a._, to conjecture, to guess, to surmise. =conjoindre=, _v.a._, to conjoin, to join, to unite, to connect. =conjoint=, =-e=, _part._, conjoined, joined, united. _Les futurs —s_; the bride and bridegroom that are to be. _Feuilles —es_; (bot.) conjugate leaves. _Règle —e_; (arith.) chain-rule. =conjointement= (kon-joint-mān), _adv._, conjointly, unitedly. =conjoncti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, conjonctive. =conjonction=, _n.f._, conjunction; union, connection; coition. =conjonctive=, _n.f._, (anat.) conjunctiva. =conjonctivement=, _adv._, conjunctively. =conjoncture=, _n.f._, conjuncture, juncture. =conjugaison=, _n.f._, (gram., anat.) conjugation. =conjugal=, =-e=, _adj._, conjugal. =conjugalement= (-gal-mān), _adv._, conjugally. =conjugati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) conjugative, relating to conjugation. =conjuguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, (gram.) to conjugate. _se_ =conjuguer=, _v.r._, to be conjugated. =conjungo=, _n.m._, (jest.) wedding, marriage; (diplom.) writing without stops or space. =conjurateur=, _n.m._, plotter, conspirator; conjurer. =conjuration=, _n.f._, conspiracy, plot; conjuration, exorcism. _pl._, entreaties. =conjuré=, _n.m._, conspirator, plotter. =conjuré=, =-e=, _part._, confederate, sworn. =conjurer=, _v.a._, to implore; to conspire, to plot; to swear; to raise evil spirits, to exorcise, to conjure, to ward off, to avert. _Il trouva moyen de — la tempête_; he found a way of warding off the storm. =connaissable=, _adj._, (l.u.) recognisable, easily known. =connaissance=, _n.f._, knowledge; acquaintance; intercourse; senses, consciousness; learning understanding; (hunt.) the print of a stag’s foot on the ground. _pl._, knowledge, attainments, acquirements. _La — du bien et du mal_; the knowledge of good and evil. _Prendre — d’une chose_; to take note of a thing. _Prendre — d’une cause_; to take cognizance of a case. _Parler en — de cause_, _agir avec — de cause_; to speak knowingly, to proceed upon a thorough knowledge of the matter. _Faire — avec quelqu’un_; to form the acquaintance of any one. _Être en pays de —_; to be among friends. _Ses —s sont très-bornées_; his knowledge is very limited. =connaissants=, _adj.m.pl._, (jur.) skilled; well acquainted with. =connaissement= (-nès-mān), _n.m._, (com.) bill of lading. =connaisseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, _adj._, connoisseur, one skilled in a thing. =connaisseu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, judge, good judge, connoisseur. =connaître= (connaissant, connu), _v.a._, to know to be aware of, to perceive; to understand, to be versed in anything; to be acquainted with; to experience, to discern, to distinguish. _Je le connais de vue_; I know him by sight. _Faire —_; to make it appear, to prove, to reveal, to make known. _Se faire —_; to make one’s self known. _Je le ferai —_; I will show him up. _Dès qu’il est question d’intérêt, il ne connaît plu personne_; in matters of interest, everybody is a stranger to him. _Je ne connais que cela_; that’s all I can say, all I know. _— à fond_; to know thoroughly. _Connaissez-vous cet homme-là?_ are you acquainted with that man? _— quelque chose à quelqu’un_; to know that a person has or possesses. _se_ =connaître=, _v.r._, to know one’s self; to know each other; (of things) to be known. _Connais-toi_, _toi-même_; know thyself. _Il ne se connaît pas_; he is out of his senses. _Se — en quelque chose_; to understand a thing, to be a judge of a thing. _Ne pas se — de joie_; to be beside one’s self with joy. _Je m’y connais_; I understand all about it, I know what it all means. =connaître=, _v.n._, to know; to have cognizance, to take cognizance (of). =conné=, =-e= (ko-n-né), _adj._, (bot.) connate. =connecti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (bot.) connective. =connétable=, _n.m._, high constable, mayor. =connétable=, _n.f._, high constable’s wife. =connétablie=, _n.f._, the court and jurisdiction of the high constable; residence of the high constable. =connexe= (ko-n-nèks), _adj._, (jur.) connected. =connexion= (ko-n-nèk-sion), _n.f._, connection, affinity. =connexité= (ko-n-nèk-si-té), _n.f._, connection, connexity. =connivence= (ko-n-ni-), _n.f._, connivance. =connivent=, =-e= (ko-n-ni-), _adj._, (anat., bot.) connivent. =conniver= (ko-n-ni-), _v.n._, to connive. =connu=, _n.m._, known; that which is known. =connu=, =-e=, _part._, known, understood. _Il est — comme le loup blanc_; he is known by everybody. _Il gagne à être —_; he improves on acquaintance. _Connu!_ that’s an old story. _En chiffres —s_; in plain figures. =conoïdal=, _adj._, (bot.) conoidal. =conoïde=, _n.m._, (anat., geom.) conoid. =conoïde=, _adj._, (anat., geom.) conoidical. =conque=, _n.f._, conch, sea-shell; (anat.) concha, pavilion of the ear. =conquérant=, _n.m._, conqueror; (fam.) lady-killer. =conquérant=, =-e=, _adj._, conquering. =conquérir= (conquérant, conquis), _v.a._, to conquer, to subdue; to gain, to obtain, to win over. =conquêt=, _n.m._, (jur.) acquisition, acquired property. _—s_; property (acquired by two married people). =conquête=, _n.f._, conquest, acquisition; success, winning of favors. =consacrant=, _adj._, consecrating, officiating. =consacrant=, _n.m._, consecrator, officiant. =consacrer=, _v.a._, to consecrate; to dedicate, to devote; to hallow, to sanctify; to sanction, to perpetuate; to appropriate, to give. _— son temps à_; to devote one’s time to. _se_ =consacrer=, _v.r._, to devote one’s self. =consanguin=, =-e= (-ghin, -ghi-n), _n._ and _adj._, (jur.) on the father’s side. _Frère —_, _sœur —e_; half-brother, half-sister, on the father’s side. _Les —s_; half-brothers and sisters on the father’s side. =consanguinité= (-gu-i), _n.f._, consanguinity. =conscience=, _n.f._, conscience, perception, consciousness, sentiment; (print.) work paid by the day; the compositors paid by the day. _Cri de —_; qualm of conscience. _— nette_; clear conscience. _Remords de —_; remorse, sting of conscience. _Se faire un cas de — d’une chose_; to make a matter of conscience of anything. _Avoir la — de_; to be conscious of. _Il a la — large_; he is not over scrupulous. _La main sur la —_; candidly, sincerely. _Il a dit tout ce qu’il avait sur la —_; he has opened his mind without reserve. _Transiger avec sa —_; to compound with one’s conscience. _En —_; conscientiously; in conscience; indeed, candidly. =consciencieusement=, _adv._, conscientiously. =consciencieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, conscientious. =conscient=, =-e=, _adj._, (philo.) conscious. =conscription=, _n.f._, (milit.) conscription; enlistment; enrolling. =conscriptionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, relating to the conscription, enlistment. =conscrit=, _adj._, conscript. _Père —_; Roman senator. =conscrit=, _n.m._, conscript, recruit, raw soldier; freshman; novice, greenhorn. =consécrateur=, _n.m._, consecrator. =consécration=, _n.f._, consecration, dedication; ordination; sanction. =consécuti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, consecutive; following. =consécutivement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, consecutively. =conseigle=, _n.m._, meslin (mixture of rye and wheat or oats). *=conseil=, _n.m._, counsel, advice; council; council-board; board; resolution, course, determination; counselor, adviser. _— de commerce_; board of trade. _— municipal_; town-council. _— des ministres_; cabinet-council. _— de révision_; military board of appeal. _Il ne prend — que de sa tête_; he does everything by himself, without consulting any one. _La nuit porte —_; sleep upon it. _— de guerre_; court-martial, council of war. _— de famille_; family council; commission of lunacy. _À parti pris pas de —_; advice is useless to a man who has made up his mind. *=conseiller=, _v.a._, to advise, to counsel, to give advice. *=conseill-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, counselor, adviser; councilor; puisne justice; judge. *=conseilleur=, _n.m._, adviser; officious person. =consentant=, =-e=, _adj._, consenting, willing. =consentement= (kon-sant-mān), _n.m._, consent, assent. =consentir=, _v.n._, to consent, to agree to, to acquiesce; to assent to; (nav.) to spring, to break (of masts). _Qui ne dit mot consent_; silence gives consent. *=conséquemment= (-ka-mān), _adv._, consequently, accordingly, conformably. =conséquence=, _n.f._, consequence, sequel; event, issue; inference; movement, importance; weight, deduction. _Tirer une —_; to draw an inference. _Prévoir les —s d’une démarche_; to foresee the consequences of a measure. _Cela tire à —_; that will be a precedent. _De peu de —_; of no consequence, insignificant. _C’est un homme sans —_; he is a person of no consequence. _Faire l’homme de —_; to set up for a man of consequence. _Une affaire de nulle —_; an affair of no moment. _En —_; accordingly. _En — de vos ordres_; according to your orders. _Cela ne tire pas à —_; that is of no importance. =conséquent=, =-e=, _adj._, just, rational, consistent, coherent. =conséquent=, _n.m._, (log., math.) consequent. _Par —_; consequently, in consequence. =conservat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, _adj._, preserver, guardian, keeper; conservative. _— des chasses_; ranger. _— des eaux et forêts_; commissioner of woods and forests. =conservati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, preservative. =conservation=, _n.f._, preservation; conservation, registration (of mortgages). =conservatoire=, _n.m._, academy of music and school of elocution; Magdalen asylum; museum; (of objects of art). =conservatoire=, _adj._, conservative, conservatory, preservative. =conserve=, _n.f._, preserve; pickle; (nav.) consort; (phar.) conserve. _pl._, preservers (spectacles). _Deux vaisseaux vont de —_; two ships keep company together. _—s au vin aigre_; pickles. =conservé=, =-e=, _part._, preserved. _Ce tableau est bien —_; this painting is well preserved. _Être bien —_; to bear one’s age well; to be hale and hearty. =conserver=, _v.a._, to preserve, to keep; to maintain. _Une vie réglée conserve et fortifie la santé_; a regular life preserves and strengthens health. _se_ =conserver=, _v.r._, to be preserved; to preserve one’s self; to keep (of meat, etc.); to bear one’s age well. _Son teint s’est bien conservé_; her complexion wears well. _Conservez-vous_; take care of yourself. =considérable=, _adj._, considerable, notable, eminent, illustrious, important. _Peu —_; of little importance. =considérablement=, _adv._, considerably. =considérant=, _n.m._, (jur.) preamble; recital. =considération=, _n.f._, consideration, attention; account, regard, sake; note, respect, esteem. _Cela mérite —_; that requires consideration. _C’est à votre — qu’il l’a fait_; it is out of regard for you that he did it. _Faire entrer en —_; to take into consideration. _N’avoir aucune — pour les gens_; to have no regard for people. _Il n’a nulle — dans le monde_; he is held in no esteem whatever. _Un homme de —_; a man of note. _En — de_; in consideration of, out of regard for, for the sake of. =considérément=, _adv._, considerately, prudently, thoughtfully. =considérer=, _v.a._, to consider, to take into consideration, to look at, to view, to gaze upon, to regard, to behold, to contemplate; to pay regard to; to have a consideration for, to value, to esteem, to respect, to look up to; to mind, to look to; to look upon. _Tout bien considéré_; all things considered. _— une chose en elle-même_; to look at a thing in itself. _Il faut bien — les choses avant de s’engager_; you must look before you leap. _se_ =considérer=, _v.r._, to esteem one’s self; to look to one’s self; to be considered. *=consignataire=, _n.m.f._, trustee, depositary; (com.) consignee. *=consignat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, (com.) consignor. =consignation=, _n.f._, consignment, deposit; lodgment (banking); (jur.) consignation. _Caisse des dépôts et —s_; deposit bank. _Ces marchandises sont à la — d’un tel_; these goods are consigned to so and so. *=consigne=, _n.f._, (milit.) orders, pass-word; instructions; cloak-room (at stations). _Manquer à la —_; to disregard orders. _Forcer la —_; to force a sentry, to infringe orders. _Lever la —_; to revoke orders; to release from confinement. *=consigner=, _v.a._, to deposit; to record, to enter, to note down, to register; to refuse admittance; to keep in; (com.) to consign. _Je l’ai consigné à ma porte_; I have left orders not to admit him. =consistance=, _n.f._, consistency, consistence; firmness; stability; credit, consideration; (jur.) matter. _Le temps n’a point de —_; the weather is unsettled. _C’est un esprit qui n’a point de —_; he is a person of no consistency. _Cette nouvelle prend de la —_; the news is gaining ground. =consistant=, =-e=, _adj._, consisting of; firm, fixed, solid, compact. =consister=, _v.n._, to be composed of, to consist. _Le tout consiste à savoir_; the main point is to know. _Son revenu consiste en rentes_; his revenue consists of property in the funds. =consistoire=, _n.m._, consistory. =consistorial=, =-e=, _adj._, consistorial. =consistorialement=, _adv._, in a consistory. =consolable=, _adj._, consolable. =consolant=, =-e=, _adj._, consoling, comforting, consolatory. =consolat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, comforter, consoler. =consolat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, consoling; consolatory. =consolation=, _n.f._, consolation, comfort, solace. =consolatoire=, _adj._, consolatory. =console=, _n.f._, (arch.) console, bracket-table; pier-table; corbel. =consoler=, _v.a._, to console, to solace, to comfort. _se_ =consoler=, _v.r._, to be consoled, to be comforted; to solace, to console oneself. =consolidant=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (med., surg.) consolidant. =consolidation=, _n.f._, consolidation, funding. =consolidement=, _n.m._, act of consolidating, consolidation. =consolider=, _v.a._, to consolidate, to strengthen. _se_ =consolider=, _v.r._, to consolidate, to grow firm. =consolidés=, _n.m.pl._, consolidated funds, consols. =consommable=, _adj._, consumable. =consommateur=, _n.m._, consumer, eater, drinker; (theol.) perfecter. =consommation=, _n.f._, consummation; consumption; drinks, refreshments. _Voulez-vous jouer les —s?_ shall we play for the drinks? =consommé=, _n.m._, broth, gravy-soup, beef-tea. =consommé=, =-e=, _part._, consumed, used; consummated; consummate; profound; accomplished. =consommer=, _v.a._, to consummate, to complete, to perfect, to finish, to accomplish; to consume, to use. ☉=consompti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) consumptive, in a decline. ☉=consomptif=, _n.m._, (med., surg.) caustic. =consomption=, _n.f._, consumption; destruction; (med.) atrophy, decline. _Être atteint de —_; to be in a decline. =consonnance=, _n.f._, consonance, consonancy; concord. =consonnant=, =-e=, _adj._, consonant. =consonne=, _n.f._, consonant. =consorts=, _n.m.pl._, consorts; (jur.) associates, people connected together, having the same interest; (b.s.) confederates. =consoude=, _n.f._, (bot.) comfrey, consound. =conspirant=, =-e=, _adj._, (mec.) conspiring. =conspirateur=, _n.m._, conspirator. =conspiration=, _n.f._, conspiracy, plot. _La — des poudres_; the gunpowder-plot. =conspirer=, _v.a._ and _n._, to conspire, to agree together, to concur, to combine; to plot. _Tout conspire à me ruiner_; everything conspires to my ruin. _— la ruine de l’Etat_; to plot the ruin of the State. =conspuer=, _v.a._, to spit upon; to despise, to flout, to spurn, to hiss. =constable=, _n.m._, constable. =constabulaire=, _adj._, constabulary. =constamment= (-sta-mān), _adv._, with constancy, steadily, perseveringly; constantly. =constance=, _n.f._, constancy; perseverance; steadiness, steadfastness; firmness, persistence. =constant=, =-e=, _adj._, constant, unshaken; steadfast, persevering, unvarying, invariable; steady, lasting; certain, unquestionable. _Il est — que_; it is an established fact that. =constante=, _n.f._, (alg.) constant quantity. =constatation=, _n.f._, authentication; ascertaining, verification; declaration. =constater=, _v.a._, to prove, to verify, to establish undeniably, to testify to; to ascertain, to state, to declare. =constellation= (-stèl-la-), _n.f._, constellation. =constellé=, =-e=, (-stèl-lé), _adj._, constellated; studded. =consteller=, _v.a._, to constellate, to dot, to strew, to stud. =consternation=, _n.f._, consternation, dismay. =consterner=, _v.a._, to strike with consternation; to astound, to amaze, to dismay, to dishearten. =constipation=, _n.f._, constipation, costiveness. =constipé=, =-e=, _adj._, costive, constipated. =constiper=, _v.a._, to constipate, to bind. =constituant=, =-e=, _adj._, constituent; giving a power of attorney. =constituant=, _n.m._, member of the Constituent Assembly (French hist.). =constituante=, _n.f._, Constituent Assembly (French hist.). =constituer=, _v.a._, to constitute, to establish, to make; to place, to put, to organize; to raise to an office or dignity; to settle, to assign; to give into custody. _Qui vous a constitué juge?_ who made you judge in the matter? _— quelqu’un prisonnier_; to commit anyone to prison. _— une rente_; to settle an annuity. _— un précédent_; to establish a precedent. _se_ =constituer=, _v.r._, to constitute oneself, to form oneself into. _Se — prisonnier_; to give oneself up. =constituti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, constitutive. =constitution=, _n.f._, constitution, establishment, formation, composition; temper, temperament; settlement of an annuity; declaration of appointment. =constitutionnalité=, _n.f._, constitutionality. =constitutionnellement= (-nèl-mān), _adv._, constitutionally. =constitutionnel=, _n.m._, constitutionalist. =constitutionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, constitutional. =constricteur=, _n.m._, (anat.) constrictor. =constriction=, _n.f._, constriction, contraction, compression; (med.) astriction. =constricti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) constringent. =constringent=, =-e=, _adj._, constringent. =constructeur=, _n.m._, constructor, builder; shipbuilder, shipwright. =construction=, _n.f._, act of building; arrangement and connection of words in a sentence; construction; building, erection; structure; shipbuilding. _Faire de nouvelles —s_; to erect new buildings. _La — d’une carte géographique_; the construction of a map. _Faire la — d’une phrase_; to construct a phrase. _Vaisseau de — française_; French-built ship. _En —_; building, (nav.) on the stocks. _De —_; building, build. =constructivité=, _n.f._, (phrenology) constructiveness. =construire= (construisant, construit), _v.a._, to construct, to build, to erect, to rear up, to frame; to arrange; (gram.) to construct. _De —_; building. _En —_; in course of erection; (of ships) on the stocks. =consubstantialité= (-sia-), _n.f._, consubstantiality. =consubstantiation= (-sia-), _n.f._, consubstantiation. =consubstantiel=, =-le=, (-sièl), _adj._, consubstantial. =consubstantiellement= (-sièl-mān), _adv._, consubstantially. =consul=, _n.m._, consul. =consulaire=, _adj._, consular. _Personnage —_; an ex-consul. =consulairement= (-lèr-mān), _adv._, consularly; by consuls. =consulat=, _n.m._, consulate; consulship. =consultant=, _adj.m._, consulting. _Avocat —_; chamber-counselor. _Médecin —_; consulting physician. =consultant=, _n.m._, consulter; person consulted. =consultati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, consultative, deliberative. _Avoir voix —ve_; to have the right of discussion without that of voting. =consultation=, _n.f._, consultation; conference; opinion, advice. =consulter=, _v.a._, to consult, to advise with, to take advice of, to deliberate, to confer. _— un avocat_; to take counsel’s opinion. _— une affaire_; to examine into an affair. _— son chevet_; to consult one’s pillow. _Ils consultèrent ensemble_; they laid their heads together. _Il en veut — avec ses amis_; he wishes to confer with his friends about it. _se_ =consulter=, _v.r._, to consider, to reflect, to deliberate; to be consulted. _La voix de la raison ne se consulte jamais_; the voice of reason is never listened to. =consulteur=, _n.m._, counselor, adviser. =consumant=, =-e=, _adj._, consuming, devouring, burning. =consumer=, _v.a._, to consume; to destroy; to wear out or away; to squander, to waste, to spend. _Le temps consume toutes choses_; time wears out everything. _Cette maladie le consume_; that disease is wearing him to nothing. _se_ =consumer=, _v.r._, to decay, to waste away, to wear out; to ruin one’s self; to undermine one’s health; to waste one’s strength. _Il se consume d’ennui_; he is wasting away with weariness. _Se — de douleur_; to pine away with grief. =contabescence=, _n.f._, (med.) consumption. =contabescent=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) consumptive. =contact= (-takt), _n.m._, contact, connection, touch; (mining) nip (of the roof or wall). =contagieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, contagious, catching; infectious. =contagion=, _n.f._, contagion, infection. _— de mœurs_; corruption of manners. _La — du vice_; the infection of vice. *=contaille=, _adj.f._, floss. _Soie —_; floretta, refuse, floss-silk. =contamination=, _n.f._, contamination. =contaminer=, _v.a._, to contaminate. =conte=, _n.m._, story, tale, falsehood, fib, nonsense. _—s de fées_; fairy tales. _Réciter un —_; to tell a story. _— en l’air_; improbable story, fiction. _— fait à plaisir_; made-up story. _— gras_; smutty, lascivious story. _— de bonne femme_, _— à dormir debout_, _— bleu_, _— borgne_; idle, silly story; old woman’s tale. _Il brode un peu le —_; he exaggerates the story a little (_i.e._, improves upon it). _Ce sont des —s_; it is only a joke. _C’est un grand faiseur de —s_; he is a great fibber, a great story-teller. =contemplat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, contemplator. =contemplati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, contemplative. =contemplation=, _n.f._, contemplation, meditation, reflection; admiration. =contempler=, _v.a._, to contemplate, to behold, to survey, to view, to gaze on. =contempler=, _v.n._, to contemplate, to meditate, to reflect. =contemporain=, =-e=, _adj._, contemporary, contemporaneous. =contemporain=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, contemporary. =contemporanéité=, _n.f._, contemporaneity, contemporariness. =contempt-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, contemptuous, scornful, insolent, disdainful. =contempt-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, contemner, despiser, scorner. ☉=contemptible=, _adj._, contemptible, despicable, mean. =contenance= (cont-nans), _n.f._, capacity, capaciousness; contents; countenance, posture, look, air, bearing, attitude, deportment; (nav.) burden. _— fière_; haughty air. _— assurée_; bold look. _— ridicule_; ridiculous carriage. _— étudiée_; studied deportment. _Il n’a point de —_; he does not know which way to turn. _Perdre —_; to be abashed, out of countenance. _Faire perdre —_; to put out of countenance. _Servir de —_; to keep one in countenance. _Porter quelque chose par —_; to carry a thing to keep one’s self in countenance. _Un éventail sert de —_; a fan keeps one in countenance. _Faire bonne —_; to keep one’s countenance; to show spirit or resolution. _Se donner une —_; to keep one’s self in countenance. _Ne savoir quelle — prendre_; not to know what to do with one’s self. =contenant=, _n.m._, holder, container. =contenant=, =-e=, _adj._, holding, containing. =contendant=, =-e=, _adj._, contending. _Les parties —es_; the contending parties, the candidates. =contendant=, _n.m._, contender. =contenir= (con-tnir), _v.a._, to contain; to comprise; to hold; to include, to comprehend; to confine; to keep in, to keep within, to restrain; to repress; to hold or keep in check or awe, to rule, to bridle; to dam. _Les gardes avaient peine à — la foule_; the guards could with difficulty keep back the crowd. _On ne saurait le —_; there is no keeping him within bounds. _se_ =contenir=, _v.r._, to keep within bounds, to be moderate; to abstain from, to refrain from, to forego; to refrain, to forbear; to contain one’s self; to curb one’s passions; to keep one’s temper. =content=, =-e=, _adj._, content, contented; satisfied, pleased, glad, gratified. _Il est — de sa condition_; he is contented with his lot. _Avoir le visage —_; to look pleased. _Être —_; to be willing, to be satisfied. _Être — de quelqu’un_; to be pleased with any one. _Il est bien — de lui-même_; he has a great idea of himself. =content=, _n.m._ _Tout son —_; one’s fill; all one wants, as much as one likes. =contentement= (kon-tant-mān), _n.m._, content, contentment, satisfaction; comfort, pleasure; blessing. _— passe richesse_; enough is as good as a feast. =contenter=, _v.a._, to content, to give satisfaction, to satisfy; to please, to gratify, to indulge, to humor. _On ne saurait — tout le monde_; one cannot please every body. _se_ =contenter=, _v.r._, to indulge or gratify one’s self; to be satisfied with; to content one’s self with, to be content with; to take up with; to rest satisfied with. _Je me contente d’une honnête médiocrité_; I am satisfied with a moderate competence. _Contentez-vous de cela_; be content with that. =contentieusement= (-si-eûz-mān), _adv._, contentiously, litigiously. =contentieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, litigious, in litigation, in dispute, contestable, contended for; controvertible, disputable; contentious, quarrelsome. _Esprit —_; quarrelsome fellow. =contentieux=, _n.m._, debatable matters, affairs in litigation; disputed claims. _Bureau du —_; office for the settlement of disputed claims. _Agent du —_; solicitor. =contentif=, _adj.m._, (surg.) (bandages) retentive, binding. =contention=, _n.f._, contention, contest, debate, strife; eagerness; vehemence, intenseness, heat; (surg.) keeping reduced (of fractures). _— d’esprit_; intense application of mind. =contenu=, _n.m._, contents; enclosure; tenor, terms. =conter=, _v.a._, to tell, to relate. _— des fagots_; to tell idle stories. _En —_; to romance, to tell fibs. _En — de belles_, _— des sornettes_; to tell what is untrue, to hoax, to humbug, to deceive. _En — à une femme_, _lui — des douceurs_, _lui — fleurettes_; to talk soft nonsense to a woman. _S’en faire_ or _s’en laisser —_; to listen to soft nonsense. =conter=, _v.n._, to relate, to tell a story. _Il conte bien_; he tells a story well. =conterie=, _n.f._, coarse glass-ware. =contestable=, _adj._, contestable, debatable, controvertible. =contestablement=, _adj._, contestably. =contestant=, =-e=, _adj._, contending. =contestant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, contesting party, litigant. =contestation=, _n.f._, contestation, contest, dispute, debate; strife, variance, wrangling, bickering; litigation. _En —_; at issue; at variance, at odds. _Hors de toute —_; beyond all contestation, dispute. ☉=conteste=, _n.m._, contestation, contest, dispute. _Sans —_; indisputably. _V._ =sans contredit=. =contester=, _v.a._, to contest, to dispute; to deny, to contend, to debate. _Il me conteste ma qualité_; he calls my rank in question. _On lui conteste cette terre_; his right to that estate is disputed. _Se —_; to be contested, to be denied. =conteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, story-teller, tale-teller, one who tells or relates stories or tales, narrator, teller; romancer, fibber. =conteu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, fond of telling tales. =contexte=, _n.m._, context; text (of a deed). =contexture=, _n.f._, contexture (of the muscles, &c.); texture (of a stuff). =contigu=, =-ë=, _adj._, contiguous, adjoining. _Ces deux provinces sont —ës_; these two provinces border on each other. _Mon champ est — à la forêt_; my field is bounded by the forest. =contiguité=, _n.f._, contiguity. =continence=, _n.f._, continency, chastity. =continent=, _n.m._, continent, mainland. =continent=, =-e=, _adj._, sober, temperate, chaste, continent; (med.) continent, continuous, unremitting. _Fièvre —e_; incessant fever. =continental=, =-e=, _adj._, continental. =contingence=, _n.f._, contingency, casualty. =contingent=, _n.m._, contingent, quota. =contingent=, =-e=, _adj._, casual, contingent, accidental. =continu=, _n.m._, (philos.) that which is divisible, matter, body, space. =continu=, =-e=, _adj._, continuous, uninterrupted; continual, continued; unintermitting, incessant. _Basse —e_; (mus.) thorough-bass. =continuateur=, _n.m._, continuator, continuer. =continuation=, _n.f._, continuation; (jur.) continuance. ☉_à la_ =continue=, _adv._, in process of time, in the long run. =continuel=, =-le=, _adj._, continual, uninterrupted, endless, perpetual. =continuellement= (-el-mān), _adv._, continually, uninterruptedly, constantly; endlessly, perpetually. =continuer=, _v.a._, to continue; to proceed with; to go on with; to persevere; to lengthen, to prolong; to extend. =continuer=, _v.n._, to continue, to keep on, to go on with, to run on to, to extend, to continue the work of. _Continuez, je vous prie_; pray go on. _Continuez à bien faire, et vous vous en trouverez bien_; continue to do well, and you will find the benefit of it. _se_ =continuer=, _v.r._, to be continued, to last; to be prolonged. =continuité=, _n.f._, continuity; continuance. _Solution de —_; solution of continuity. =continument=, _adv._, unremittingly; without cessation; (jur.) continually, continuously. =contondant=, =-e=, _adj._, (surg.) bruising, contusing; (instruments) blunt. =contorniate=, _adj._, (of medals) contourniated. =contorsion=, _n.f._, contortion, distortion; grimace. =contour=, _n.m._, circuit, circumference; contour, outline; (carp.) curtail; (mas.) quirk. =contourné=, =-e=, _adj._, outlined; spiral; twisted; distorted; deformed; ill-shaped. =contournement=, _n.m._, outlining; twisting; winding, rounding, convolution. =contourner=, _v.a._, to outline, to give the proper contour to; to distort, to twist, to deform; to twine round, to twist round; to turn around, to wind round; to round. _se_ =contourner=, _v.r._, to grow crooked, to become bent, twisted, deformed. =contourneuse=, _n.f._, shaping-machine. =contractant=, =-e=, _adj._, contracting. _Partie —e_; contracting party; (jur.) covenanter. =contractant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, contractor, stipulator; (jur.) covenanter. =contracté=, =-e=, _part._, (gram.) contracted, shortened. =contracter=, _v.a._, to contract; to covenant, to stipulate, to bargain, to make a contract; to shrink, to straiten; to shorten, to abridge; to acquire, to get; to catch. _— de bonnes habitudes_; to acquire good habits. _se_ =contracter=, _v.r._, to contract, to shrink up, to straiten; to shorten. =contracter=, _v.n._, to contract, make a contract. =contracti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) contractive. =contractile=, _adj._, contractile. =contractilité=, _n.f._, contractility, contractibility. =contraction=, _n.f._, contraction. =contractuel=, =-le=, _adj._, (jur.) stipulated, agreed upon, done by contract. =contracture=, _n.f._, (arch.) diminution; (med.) contraction; (physiology) contraction. =contradicteur=, _n.m._, contradictor, gainsayer; (jur.) adversary, opposer, opponent. =contradiction=, _n.f._, contradiction, denial; opposition; inconsistency; discrepancy; (jur.) claim of adverse title. _Esprit de —_; spirit of contradiction. =contradictoire=, _adj._, contradictory; inconsistent, conflicting. _Jugement —_; judgment after the hearing of all parties concerned. =contradictoirement= (-toar-mān), _adv._, contradictorily; inconsistently. *=contraignable=, _adj._, (jur.) compellable, constrainable. _— par corps_; attachable, liable to arrest. *=contraignant=, =-e=, _adj._, compelling, compulsive; troublesome. =contraindre= (contraignant, contraint), _v.a._, to constrain, to compel, to force, to make, to drive, to necessitate, to impel, to oblige by force; to put a constraint upon; to restrain; to squeeze, to pinch, to cramp, to straiten; (jur.) to attach, to arrest for debt. _se_ =contraindre=, _v.r._, to constrain oneself, to refrain, to forbear. =contraint=, =-e=, _adj._, forced, stiff, unnatural, affected; cramped, constrained. =contrainte=, _n.f._, constraint, compulsion, coercion; restraint. _Parler sans —_; to speak freely. _Avec —_; restrainedly. _— par corps_; arrest for debt. _Jugement de — par corps_; capias. =contraire=, _adj._, contrary, opposite, adverse; repugnant, inconsistent; opposed, against; hurtful, bad, prejudicial, not good for. _Le vin vous est —_; wine is bad for you. =contraire=, _n.m._, contrary, opposite, reverse. _Au —_; on the contrary, on the other hand. _Tout au —_; _bien au —_; quite the contrary, quite the reverse. _Aller au — d’une chose_, _d’une personne_; to go or speak against a thing, a person. =contrairement= (kon-trer-mān), _adv._, contrarily, contrary. =contralte=, _n.m._ _V._ =contralto=. =contraltiste=, _n.m.f._, contralto singer. =contralto=, _n.m._, (_—_) (mus.) contralto, counter-tenor. =contrapontiste=, _n.m._, (mus.) contrapuntist. =contrariant=, =-e=, _adj._, provoking, annoying, vexatious; disappointing. =contrarier=, _v.a._, to contradict, to gainsay; to disappoint; to thwart, to counteract, to baffle, to oppose, to annoy, to vex. _Être contrarié par les vents_; to be wind-bound. =contrariété=, _n.f._, contrariety, contradiction; cross, vexation, annoyance, impediment, hindrance, difficulty, obstacle; disappointment. _Quelle —!_ how annoying! =contrastant=, _adj._, contrasting. =contraste=, _n.m._, contrast, opposition. =contraster=, _v.a._, to contrast. =contraster=, _v.n._, (paint.) to contrast; to put in contrast, to form a contrast, to set off by opposition. =contrat=, _n.m._, contract, deed, instrument, articles, indenture; agreement, bargain. _Minute d’un —_; draft of a deed. _Un — en bonne forme_; a contract in due form. _Dresser un —_; to draw up a deed. _Passer un —_; to sign and seal a deed. _— à la grosse_; (nav.) bottomry; bottomry-bond. =contravention=, _n.f._, contravention, infraction. =contre=, _prep._, against; contrary to; by, near, close, close by. _— le bon sens_; contrary to common sense. _À —-cœur_; repugnantly, reluctantly. _Aller — vent et marée_; to sail against wind and tide. _Se fâcher — quelqu’un_; to be angry with anyone. _Se battre — quelqu’un_; to fight against anyone. _Par —_; as a set-off. _Pour et —_; for and against, pro and con. =contre=, _adv._, near, close up against, ajar. _Tout —_; close by, close up against; quite close, near. _Ci-—_; opposite; in the margin. =contre=, _n.m._, con (the opposite of _pro_); against; the opposite side of the question. _Savoir le pour et le —_; to know the long and short of a matter, or the pro and the con. =contre-allée=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) side-walk; side-alley. =contre-amiral=, _n.m._, (_—-amiraux_) rear-admiral; rear-admiral’s flag-ship. =contre-appel=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (fenc.) caveating; second roll call; check-roll. =contre-approches=, _n.f.pl._, (_n.s._) (fort.) counter-approaches. =contre-attaques=, _n.f.pl._, (_n.s._) (milit.) counterworks. =contre-balancer=, _v.a._, to counterbalance, to counterpoise; to countervail. _se_ =contre-balancer=, _v.r._, to counterbalance one another, to be counterbalanced, to be equipoised. =contrebande=, _n.f._, contraband goods, smuggled goods; smuggling. _Un homme de —_; an obnoxious fellow, a black sheep. _Faire la —_; to smuggle, to deal in smuggled goods. =contre-bandé=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) counter-barred. =contrebandier=, _n.m._, smuggler, contrabandist. =contre-barré=, =-e=, _adj._, (_—-—s_) (her.) counterbended. _en_ =contre-bas=, _adv._, (arch.) downwards. =contrebasse=, _n.f._, (mus.) double-bass. =contrebassiste=, _n.m._, (mus.) double-bass player. =contre-basson=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (mus.) double bassoon; double bassoon-player. =contre-batterie=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) cross-battery, counter-battery; counter-plot. _à_ =contre-biais=, _adv._, contrariwise, the wrong way; the other way. _à_ =contre-bord=, _adv._, (nav.) _Les deux vaisseaux courent à —_; the two vessels are running aboard of each other; on a contrary tack. =contre-boutant=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) counterfort; butment; buttress. =contre-bouter=, _v.a._, to buttress; to support with a raking shore or but; to shore up. =contre-brasser=, _v.a._, (nav.) to brace about the yards; to counterbrace. =contre-calquer=, _v.a._, to counter-draw. =contre-capion=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_). _— de poupe_; the false post of a row-galley. _— de proue_; the stemson of a galley. =contrecarrer=, _v.a._, to thwart, to oppose. =contre-caution=, _n.f._, (jur.) counter-surety; counter-bond. =contre-charme=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) counter-charm. =contre-châssis=, _n.m._, (_—_) outer-sash; double-sash. =contre-chef=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) foreman. =contre-civadière=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (nav.) bow-sprit topsail. =contre-clef=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (arch.) second stone in the crown of an arch. =contre-cœur=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) chimney-back. _À —_; reluctantly, against the grain. =contre-coup=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) rebound; counter-blow; consequence, result, effect. _Par —_; as a consequence. =contre-courant=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) counter-current. =contredanse=, _n.f._, quadrille. =contre-déclaration=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) counter-declaration. =contre-dégagement=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (fenc.) double. =contre-dégager=, _v.n.a._, (fenc.) to double. =contre-digue=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) embankment, dike (for the strengthening of another). =contredire=, _v.a._, to contradict, to gainsay; to be inconsistent with; (jur.) to confute, to disprove, to answer; (hunt.) to reclaim. _se_ =contredire=, _v.r._, to contradict oneself, to contradict one another; to be inconsistent with, to be contradictory to. =contredisant=, =-e=, _adj._, contradicting. =contredisant=, _n.m._, respondent, contradictor. =contredit=, _n.m._, answer, reply, contradiction; (jur.) objection, rejoinder. _Cela est sans —_; that is beyond all dispute. _Sans —_; incontestably, safely, beyond a doubt. _On peut dire sans crainte d’être —_; it may safely be pronounced (Macaulay). =contrée=, _n.f._, country, region, district. *=contre-écaille=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) the reverse side of a shell. =contre-écart=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (her.) counter-quarter. =contre-écarteler=, _v.a._, (her.) to counter-quarter. =contre-échange=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) mutual exchange. =contre-enquête=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) counter-inquiry. =contre-épaulette=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) epaulet without fringe. =contre-épreuve=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) counter-proof; spiritless copy, feeble imitation; counter-verification. =contre-épreuver=, _v.a._, (engr.) to take a counter-proof. _Se —_; to be counter-proved. =contre-espalier=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) espalier facing another (with a walk between). =contre-expertise=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) counter-valuation _or_ survey. =contre-étais=, _n.m.pl._, (nav.) back-stay. =contre-étambot=, _n.m._, (nav.) false stern-post. =contre-étrave=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (nav.) apron. =contrefaçon=, _n.f._, counterfeiting, counterfeit, pirating, forgery, infringement; spurious copy or edition. =contrefacteur=, _n.m._, counterfeiter (of coin); forger (of bills); infringer (of patents). =contrefaction=, _n.f._, act of forging, counterfeiting, forgery. =contrefaire=, _v.a._, to counterfeit, to imitate, to copy; to mimic, to ape; to pirate; to disguise, to disfigure; to deform. _se_ =contrefaire=, _v.r._, to dissemble, to sham. =contrefaiseur=, _n.m._, mimicker, imitator. =contrefait=, =-e=, _part._, counterfeit, deformed. _Un homme tout —_; a deformed man. =contre-fanon=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (nav.) vertical lines. =contre-fenêtre=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) inside-sash, shutter. =contre-fente=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (surg.) contra-fissure, counter-cleft. =contre-feu=, _n.m._, back of a fire-place. =contre-fiche=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (carp.) brace, strut. =contre-fil=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) the opposite direction. _Le — de l’eau_; up river, up stream. _À —_; backwards; against the stream; against the grain; the wrong way. =contre-finesse=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) counter-trick; counter-cunning; trick for trick. =contre-foc=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) fore-top stay-sail. =contrefort=, _n.m._, counterfort, buttress, pillar, pier; (geol.) lesser chain; stiffener (of boots). =contre-fossé=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) counter-drain; (fort.) advance-fosse. =contre-fracture=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (surg.) contra-fissure. =contre-fruit=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (arch.) overspan. =contre-fugue=, _n.f._, (mus.) counterfugue. =contre-gage=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) double security, pledge. =contre-gager=, _v.a._, to take security, to take a pledge. =contre-garde=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) counterguard. ☉=contre-garde=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) deputy warden of the mint. =contre-hacher=, _v.a._, (engr.) to counter- _or_ cross-hatch. =contre-hachure=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) counter- _or_ cross-hatching. =contre-hâtier= (-tié), _n.m._, (_—-—s_) kitchen fire-dog, spit-rack. _en_ =contre-haut=, _adv._, (arch.) upwards. =contre-indication=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (med.) contra-indication. =contre-indiquer=, _v.a._, (med.) to contra-indicate. =contre-issant=, =-e=, _adj._, (_—-—s_) (her.) counter-salient. =contre-jauger=, _v.a._, (carp.) to fit a mortise to a tenon, to countergauge. =contre-jour=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) counter-light, false-light. _À —_; in a false light. =contre-jumelles=, _n.f.pl._, (_n.s._) channel stones. =contre-lames=, _n.f.pl._, (_n.s._) (gauze-making) counter-lams. =contre-latte=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) counter-lath. =contre-latter=, _v.a._, to counter-lath. =contre-lattoir=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) lath-holder, clincher. =contre-lettre=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (jur.) defeasance, counter-deed. *=contre-maille=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) double-mesh net. *=contre-mailler=, _v.a._, to double-mesh. =contremaître=, _n.m._, first mate, boatswain’s mate; overseer; foreman. =contremandement=, _n.m._, counter-order, countermand. =contremander=, _v.a._, to countermand. =contremarche=, _n.f._, counter-march; (carp.) rise. =contremarcher=, _v.n._, to counter-march. =contre-marée=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) under back-water _or_ counter-tide. =contremarque=, _n.f._, countermark; check (thea.) =contremarquer=, _n.f._, to countermark; to bishop. =contre-mine=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) countermine. =contre-miner=, _v.a._, to countermine. =contre-mineur=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) counterminer. ☉=contre-mont=, _adv._, upwards; up-hill; up-stream. =contre-mot=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (milit.) countersign. =contre-mouvement=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) counter-movement. =contre-mur=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (fort.) counter-mure, outer wall. =contre-murer=, _v.a._, (fort.) to countermure, to double-wall. =contre-opposition=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) counter-opposition. =contre-ordre=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) counter-order. =contre-ouverture=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) counter-opening. =contre-partie=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) counterpart; opposite; contrary; (mus.) counterpart. =contrepédaler=, _v.n._, to back-pedal (bicycles). =contre-peser=, _v.a._, to counter-balance. =contre-pied=, _n.m._, (n.p.) (hunt.) back-scent; the reverse. _Les chiens avaient pris le —_; the dogs had taken the wrong back-scent. _Il prend toujours le — de ce qu’on dit_; he always misconstrues what is said. _À — de_; contrary to, against. =contre-planche=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) counter-plate. =contre-platine=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) screw-piece. =contre-poids=, _n.m._, (_—_) counterpoise, counter-balance; balancing-pole; equilibrium. =contre-poil=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) wrong way of the hair _or_ of the nap. _À —_; against the grain. _Prendre une affaire à —_; to take a thing in a wrong sense. _Prendre quelqu’un à —_; to shock, to offend, any one. =contre-poinçon=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) clincher, die (instrument). =contre-poinçonner=, _v.a._, to stamp with a die. =contrepoint=, _n.m._ (mus.), counterpoint; (nav.) double-rope attached to the clew of a sail. =contre-pointer=, _v.a._, to quilt on both sides; to contradict, to run counter to; (artil.) to point cannon against cannon. _— du canon_; to direct a battery against another battery. =contrepoison=, _n.m._, antidote, counter-poison. =contre-porte=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) double-door, baize-door. =contre-poser=, _v.a._, (com.) to set down wrong, to misplace. =contre-position=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) contra-position. =contre-projet=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) counter-plan. =contre-promesse=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (jur.) counter-bond. =contre-proposition=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) counter-proposal; reply, retort. =contre-queue d’aronde=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (fort.) counter-swallowtail. *=contre-quille=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (nav.) keelson. =contre-rail=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) guard- _or_ check-rail. =contre-retable=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) back of the altar-piece. =contre-révolution=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) counter-revolution. =contre-révolutionnaire=, _adj._, (_—-—s_) counter-revolutionary. =contre-révolutionnaire=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) counter-revolutionist. =contre-révolutionner=, _v.a._, to effect a counter-revolution. =contre-ronde=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (milit.) counter round. =contre-ruse=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) counter-trick, counter-plot. =contre-sabord=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (nav.) port-lid. _à_ =contre-saison=, _adv._, out of season; unseasonable; ill-timed. =contre-salut=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (nav.) answer to a salute. =contre-sanglon=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) girth-leather, strap. =contrescarpe=, _n.f._, (fort.) counterscarp. =contrescarper=, _v.a._, to counterscarp. =contre-scel=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) counter-seal. =contre-sceller=, _v.a._, to counter-seal. =contreseing=, _n.m._, counter-signature, counter-sign. =contresens=, _n.m._, contrary sense, contrary meaning; wrong construction; mistranslation; wrong meaning; false reading; wrong side (of stuffs). _Faire un —_; to mistranslate, to misinterpret, to misconceive. _À —_; in a wrong way, on the wrong side. _Employer une étoffe à —_; to make up a stuff on the wrong side. *=contre-signal=, _n.m._, (_—-signaux_) counter-signal. *=contresignataire=, _n.m._, countersigner. *=contresigner=, _v.a._, to countersign. *=contre-taille=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (com.) counter-tally. _pl._, (engr.) cross-lines, cross-cut. =contretemps=, _n.m._, untoward accident, disappointment; mischance, mishap; (man.) counter-time; (mus.) syncopation, _À —_; unseasonably, at the wrong time; (mus.) out of time; with syncopation. =contre-terrasse=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (her.) lower terrace. =contre-tirer=, _v.a._, to counterdraw, to trace; to counterprove. =contre-torpilleur=, _n.m._, torpedo boat destroyer. =contre-tranchée=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (fort.) counter-trench. =contrevairé=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) countervairy. _à_ =contre-val=, _adv._, downhill, downward, down-stream. =contrevallation=, _n.f._, (fort.) contravallation. _à_ =contre-vapeur=, _adv._, backward; back. =contrevenant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, contravener, infringer, offender, transgressor. =contrevenir=, _v.n._, to infringe, to act contrary to; to disobey; to violate; to transgress. =contrevent=, _n.m._, window-shutter, outside shutter. =contre-vérité=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) irony; mock praise, antiphrasis. =contre-visite=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) second search. =contre-voile d’étai=, _n.f._, (nav.) middle stay-sail. =contribuable=, _n.m.f._, tax-payer; rate-payer. _adj._, taxable; rateable. =contribuer=, _v.n._, to contribute, to conduce, to help on, to tend. _— au succès de_; to contribute to the success of. _Il y a contribué_; he has contributed to it. _On a fait — tout le pays_; the whole country was laid under contribution. =contributi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, contributive. =contribution=, _n.f._, contribution; tax; share, part, portion; (com.) average. _—s directes_; direct or assessed taxes. _—s indirectes_; indirect taxes. _Mettre à —_; to lay under contribution, to put in requisition. =contributoire=, _adj._, what has to be paid. _Portion —_; amount to be paid, assessment. =contributoirement=, _adv._, contributorily. =contrister=, _v.a._, to grieve, to vex, to sadden, to pain. =contrit=, =-e=, _adj._, contrite, penitent; afflicted, grieved. =contrition=, _n.f._, contrition. =contrôlage=, _n.m._, controlling, control; hall-marking, stamping. =contrôle=, _n.m._, control, controller’s office; (thea.) check-taker’s office; roll, list; stamp, plate-mark, assay-mark, hall-mark (on gold and silver); stamp-office; (milit.) muster-roll; control, censure; register, registry-duty. _Porter quelqu’un sur le —_; to place any one’s name on the rolls. _Rayer quelqu’un des —s_; to strike any one off the rolls. =contrôler=, _v.a._, to register, to put upon the rolls; to check, to verify, to examine; to control; to censure, to criticise upon; to stamp, to hall-mark. _— de la vaisselle_; to mark plate. =contrôleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, controller, superintendent, surveyor (of taxes); censurer, critic, fault-finder; (thea.) check-taker, ticket-collector. =controuver=, _v.a._, to forge, to fabricate; to invent, to counterfeit, to feign. =controversable=, _adj._, that may be disputed; controvertible, controversial. =controverse=, _n.f._, controversy, discussion, disputation, dispute. _Ouvrage de —_; polemics. =controversé=, =-e=, _adj._, controverted; debated, argued pro and con, disputed. =controverser=, _v.a._, to controvert, to dispute, to discuss. =controversiste=, _n.m._, controvertist, disputant, controversialist. =contumace=, _n.f._, contumacy, non-appearance, default, contempt of court; contumaciousness, obstinacy, perverseness. _Condamner par —_; to sentence by default. _Purger la —_; to plead against a judgment given in default. =contumace=, _n.m._ and _f._, (jur.) defaulter, one in contumacy. =contumace=, _adj._, contumacious; (fig.) rebellious. =contumacer=, _v.a._, (l.u.) (criminal law) to judge or try by default. _Se laisser —_; to let judgment go by default. =contumax=, _adj._, (l.u.) contumacious. =contumax=, _n.m._, one guilty of contumacy (canon law). =contus=, =-e=, _adj._ bruised, contused. =contusion=, _n.f._, contusion, bruise. =contusionné=, =-e=, _adj._, (surg.) bruised. =contusionner=, _v.a._, to contuse, to bruise. =convaincant=, =-e=, _adj._, convincing. =convaincre=, _v.a._, to convince; to persuade, to satisfy; to convict. _se_ =convaincre=, _v.r._, to convince one’s self, to be convinced; to satisfy, or to persuade one’s self. =convaincu=, =-e=, _part._, convinced, convicted; sincere, earnest, of conviction. =convalescence=, _n.f._, convalescence. _En pleine —_; quite convalescent. =convalescent=, =-e=, _adj._, convalescent. =convalescent=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, convalescent person. =convallaire=, _n.f._, convallary, lily of the valley. _V._ =muguet=. =convenable= (conv-nabl), _adj._, suitable, fit, proper, convenient, apposite, consonant; seasonable; adequate, conformable, accordant, agreeable; meet, seemly, becoming, beseeming; befitting, expedient; fitting. _Peu —_; indecorous, unfit. _Juger —_; to deem proper. =convenablement=, _adv._, suitably, fitly, becomingly, decently, worthily, duly, expediently, advisably. =convenance=, _n.f._, fitness, proportion, harmony; seasonableness (of time), decency, propriety, expediency; seemliness, convenience. _pl._, propriety, decorum, good manners. _Mariage de —_; marriage for money and position. _Blesser les —s_; to offend against propriety. _Braver les —s_; to set all decorum at defiance. _Manquer de — envers quelqu’un_; to be guilty of a breach of good manners towards any one. ☉=convenant=, =-e=, _adj._ _V._ =convenable=. =convenir=, _v.n._, to agree; to admit, to own, to acknowledge; to suit, to fit, to match, to serve one’s turn; to be proper for; to become; to be suitable; to be fit, expedient, convenient, meet, proper. _Je suis convenu d’y aller_; I have agreed to go there. _Cette maison m’a convenu_; the house suited me. _Il convient que vous y alliez_; it is proper you should go there. _se_ =convenir=, _v.r._, to suit each other, to agree. =conventicule=, _n.m._, conventicle. =convention=, _n.f._, convention, agreement, covenant, treaty. _pl._, conditions, articles, agreement. _Je m’en tiens à la —_; I stand by the agreement. _Membre de la — nationale_; member of the National Convention (French hist.). _De —_; conventional. =conventionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, conventional. =conventionnel=, _n.m._, member of the National Convention (French hist.). =conventionnellement=, _adv._, by agreement. =conventualité=, _n.f._, monastic life. =conventuel=, =-le=, _adj._, conventual. =conventuel=, _n.m._, conventual. =conventuellement=, _adv._, conventually. =convergence=, _n.f._, convergence. =convergent=, =-e=, _adj._, convergent, converging. =converger=, _v.n._, to tend to one point, to converge. =convers=, =-e=, _adj._, lay. _Frère —_, _sœur —e_; convert; lay brother or sister. =convers=, _n.m._, (ich.) young shad. =conversation=, _n.f._, conversation, converse, talk, discourse. _Par où entamer la —?_ how shall we begin the conversation? _S’emparer de la —_; to monopolize the conversation. _Être à la —_; to be attending to the conversation. _Laisser tomber la —_; to drop the conversation. =converse=, _n._ and _adj._ _f._, (log.) converse; (math.) inverted. _Proposition —_; (log.) converse proposition. _Proposition —_; (math.) inverted proposition. =converser=, _v.n._, to converse, to talk; to discourse, to commune; (milit.) to wheel about. =conversible=, _adj._, convertible. =conversion=, _n.f._, conversion; transformation; change; converting, changing; (milit.) wheeling. _Quart de —_; (milit.) wheel of the quarter circle. _Faire une —_; to wheel. =converso=, _n.m._, (nav.) main deck, poop. =converti=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, convert. _— au lit de la mort_; clinical convert. =convertible=, _adj._, (theol., fin.) convertible. =convertir=, _v.a._, to convert; to change, to turn; to make a convert; to bring over, to turn, to transform. _se_ =convertir=, _v.r._, to be converted, to turn, to be made a convert. =convertissable=, _adj._, (fin., theol.) convertible. =convertissement= (-mān), _n.m._, conversion. =convertisseur=, _n.m._, converter. =convexe=, _adj._, convex. =convexité=, _n.f._, convexity. =convexo-concave=, _adj._, convexo-concave. =convexo-convexe=, _adj._, convexo-convex. =conviction=, _n.f._, conviction, convincing proof. _Agir par —_; to act from conviction. _Avoir la — intime_; to be thoroughly convinced; to be quite sure. =convictionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, convictive. =convictionnellement=, _adv._, (l.u.) convictively. =convié=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, guest, one invited. _il_ =convient=, _v.imp._, it is fit, expedient, convenient, becoming, meet. _V._ =convenir=. =convier=, _v.a._, to invite, to bid; to request the company of any one; to incite, to urge. _— à un dîner_; to invite to dinner. =convive=, _n.m.f._, guest. _C’est un bon —_; he is a good table companion. =convivialité=, _n.f._, conviviality. =convocable=, _adj._, (very l.u.) convocable. =convocation=, _n.f._, convocation, requisition, summons. =convoi=, _n.m._, funeral procession; funeral; (milit., nav.) convoy; (railways) train. _V._ =train=. _— de grande vitesse_; fast train. _— de petite vitesse_, _— de marchandises_; freight train. _— direct_; express train. _— omnibus_; slow train. _— de voyageurs_; passenger train. _— parcourant toute la ligne_; through train. _— funèbre_; funeral procession. _Être du —_; to be at the funeral. _En —_; (nav.) with convoy. =convoiement=, _n.m._, (milit., nav.) convoying, convoy. ☉=convoitable=, _adj._, covetable, desirable. =convoiter=, _v.a._, to covet, to hanker after, to conceive a violent passion for, to lust after. =convoiteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, coveter. ☉=convoiteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, covetous, lusting after. =convoitise=, _n.f._, covetousness, eager desire; lust. =convol=, _n.m._, (jur.) second or re-marriage. =convoler=, _v.n._, to marry again. _— en secondes_, _troisièmes_, _noces_; to marry a second, a third, time. =convoluté=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) convoluted. =convoluti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, curling (of leaves). =convolve=, _n.m._, (bot.) convolvulus. =convoquer=, _v.a._, to convoke, to convene, to summon, to assemble, to call together. =convoyer=, _v.a._, (milit., nav.) to convoy. =convoyeur=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, (nav.) convoy (ship). =convulsé=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) convulsed. =convulser=, _v.a._, to convulse. _Se —_; to be or become convulsed. =convulsibilité=, _n.f._, (med.) liability to convulsion. =convulsi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, convulsive. =convulsion=, _n.f._, convulsion. _Donner des —s_; to throw into convulsions. _Tomber en —s_; to be seized with convulsions. =convulsionnaire=, _adj._, subject to convulsions. =convulsionnaire=, _n.m.f._, convulsionary. =convulsionner=, _v.a._, (med.) to convulse, to produce convulsions. =convulsivement=, _adv._, convulsively. =conyze=, _n.f._, (bot.) conyza, flea-bane. =coobligation=, _n.f._, joint obligation. =coobligé=, _n.m._, joint bondsman. =coopérant=, =-e=, _adj._, co-operating, concurring. =coopérat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, co-operator, fellow-laborer, fellow-workman. =coopérat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, (l.u.) co-operating. =coopérati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, co-operative. =coopération=, _n.f._, concurrence, co-operation. =coopérer=, _v.n._, to co-operate, to concur. =cooptation=, _n.f._, co-optation. =coopter=, _v.a._, to co-optate. =coordination=, _n.f._, arrangement, disposition, co-ordination. =coordonnée=, _n.f._, (geom.) co-ordinate. =coordonner=, _v.a._, to co-ordinate; to arrange, to dispose. =copahu=, _n.m._, copaiba, copaiva. =copaïer= _or_ =copayer=, _n.m._, copaiba tree. =copal=, _n.m._, copal. =copartageant=, =-e= (-jān, -te), _n._ and _adj._, joint-sharer; having a joint share. =copeau=, _n.m._, chip, shaving (of wood). _Des —x_; shavings. _Vin de —x_; rape-wine. =copeck=, _n.m._, (_—s_). _V._ =kopeck=. =copermutant=, _n.m._, one who exchanges with another, permuter. =copermutation=, _n.f._, the act of exchanging, permutation. =copermuter=, _v.a._, to permute, to exchange. =copernicien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, Copernician. =cophte= _or_ =copte=, _n.m._ and _adj._, Copt; Coptic. _Un moine —_; a Coptic monk. _La langue —_; the Coptic language. =copie=, _n.f._, copy, image, transcript; exercise; imitation; task; (print.) copy. _— figurée_; facsimile. _— au net_; fair copy. _Pour — conforme_; a true copy. =copier=, _v.a._, to copy; to imitate; to mimic, to take off, to ape. _se_ =copier=, _v.r._, to be always the same; to copy or repeat one’s self. =copieusement= (ko-pieûz-mān), _adv._, copiously, abundantly, heartily (of eating). =copieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, copious, plentiful, hearty. _Un homme — en paroles_; a man of many words. =copiste=, _n.m._, copier, transcriber, copyist, imitator; music copier. =copreneur=, _n.m._, co-lessee, joint-tenant. =coprévenu=, _n.m._ _V._ =coaccusé=. =copropriétaire=, _n.m.f._, joint-proprietor. =copropriété=, _n.f._, joint property. =copte=, _n.m._ _V._ =cophte=. =copter=, _v.a._, to toll. =coptique=, _adj._, Coptic. =copulati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, copulative. =copulation=, _n.f._, copulation. =copule=, _n.f._, (log.) copula. =coq=, _n.m._, cock, rooster; weathercock; (horl.) cock. _— d’Inde_; turkey-cock. _— de bruyère_; grouse. _— à queue fourchue_; black cock. _— de combat_; game-cock. _— des bois_; wood-cock. _— de montre_; cock of a watch. _— des jardins_; costmary. _— du village_, _— de la paroisse_; cock of the walk. _Joute de —s_; cock-fight. _Faire jouter des —s_; to make cocks fight. _Au chant du —_; at cock-crow. _Être comme un — en pâte_; to live in clover. _Être rouge comme un —_; to have a face like a biffin apple; to be as red as a turkey-cock. =coq=, _n.m._, (nav.) cook. =coq-à-l’âne=, _n.m._, (_—_) idle discourse, nonsense, cock-and-bull story. _Il fait toujours des —_; he is always talking nonsense. =coqualin=, _n.m._, striped squirrel. =coquard=, _n.m._, mongrel pheasant; (fam.) old cock, old beau. =coquâtre=, _n.m._, (orni.) half-gelded cock. =coque=, _n.f._, shell (of eggs, walnuts, snails); pearl-shell; (nav.) hull; (conch.) cockle. _Des œufs à la —_; boiled eggs. _— du Levant_; Indian berry. _Je ne donnerai pas une — de noix de toutes ses promesses_; I would not give a straw for all his promises. =coquecigrue=, _n.f._, sea-stork, sea-locust; idle story, stuff; fiddle-faddle. _À la venue des —s_; never, _or_ once in a blue moon. =coquelicot=, _n.m._, wild-poppy, corn-poppy. =coquelourde=, _n.f._, Pasque-flower, Flora’s-bell. =coqueluche= (ko-klush), _n.f._, ☉hood; favorite, reigning fancy; rage, whooping-cough. _Il est est la — des femmes_; he is a great favorite with women. ☉=coquelucher=, _v.n._, to have the whooping-cough. ☉=coqueluchon=, _n.m._, (jest.) hood of a monk’s cloak, cowl. =coquemar= (kok-mār), _n.m._, pipkin, boiler, kettle, skillet. =coquereau=, _n.m._, (nav.) hoy, lighter. =coqueret=, _n.m._, _or_ =coquerelle=, _n.f._, winter-cherry. =coquerico=, _n.m._, cock-a-doodle-doo. =coquerie=, _n.f._, (nav.) caboose. =coqueriquer=, _v.n._, (l.u.) (pers.) to crow. =coqueron=, _n.m._, (nav.) cook-room. =coquet=, =-te=, _adj._, coquettish, pretty, stylish; smart, natty. =coquet=, _n.m._, jilt, flirt; cock-boat. =coqueter= (kok-té), _v.n._, (l.u.) to coquet, to flirt; to play the lady-killer; to paddle a boat, to scull. =coquetier= (kok-tié), _n.m._, poulterer; egg-merchant; egg-cup. =coquette=, _n.f._, coquette, flirt, jilt. _Faire la —_; to coquet. =coquetterie= (ko-kè-trî), _n.f._, coquetry; affectation (in dress); love of dress; flirtation; finicalness. _Une — d’expressions_; far-fetched expressions. *=coquillage=, _n.m._, shell-fish; shells; shell-work. *=coquillart=, _n.m._, bed of shells and stones. *=coquille=, _n.f._, shell (of fruit, of animals); (print.) wrong letter; thumb (of a latch); foot-board (of coach-box); post demy, small post (paper); under-part of a staircase; (anat.) concha. _pl._, wares of little value. _— de Sainte Jacques_; scallop. _— de beurre_; pat of butter. _Rentrer dans sa —_; to draw in one’s horns. _À qui vendez-vous vos —s_; it is of no use trying to do me. _Il fait bien valoir ses —s_; he praises his goods, and no mistake. =coquiller=, _v.n._, (of bread) to swell; to crumple, to curl up. *=coquilleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, shelly. *=coquillier=, _n.m._, collection of shells; cabinet of shells. *=coquilli-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, conchiferous. =coquin=, =-e=, _adj._, idle, debauched; free and easy; roguish, rascally. =coquin=, _n.m._, knave, rascal, rogue, scamp. _Tour de —_; knavish trick. =coquine=, _n.f._, slut, hussy, jade. =coquinerie= (ko-ki-n-rî), _n.f._, knavery, rascally trick, roguery. =cor=, _n.m._, corn; horn, hunting-horn. _Avoir des —s aux pieds_; to have corns on one’s feet. _À — et à cri_; with horn and voice; with hue and cry; with might and main. =coracoïde=, _adj._, (anat.) coracoid. *=corail=, _n.m._, coral. _Des lèvres de —_; rosy lips. *=coraillère=, _n.f._, (nav.) coral-fishing boat. *=corailleur=, _n.m._, coral-diver, coral-fisher. *=corailleur=, _adj._, of coral fishing. _Bateau —_; coral-fisher’s boat. ☉=corallin=, =-e=, _adj._, red like coral, coralline. =coralline=, _n.f._, (zoöl.) coralline; (nav.) _V._ =coraillère=. =coralloïde=, _adj._, coralloid. =coralloïde=, _n.m._, coralloid. =coran=, _n.m._, Koran. =corbeau=, _n.m._, crow; raven; (arch.) corbel, bracket; (astron.) corvus; (nav.) grappling-iron. *=corbeille=, _n.f._, flat, wide basket; (arch.) corbel; (fort.) corbeil; clump (of trees); wedding presents. _Une — de fleurs_; a basket of flowers. _— de mariage_ or _de noces_; wedding presents; (on change) reserved enclosure, change. *=corbeillée=, _n.f._, basketful. =corbigeau=, _n.m._ ☉_V._ =courlis=. =corbillard=, _n.m._, hearse. *=corbillat=, _n.m._, young raven. *=corbillon=, _n.m._, small basket; crambo. ☉=corbin=, _n.m._, (orni.) crow. _V._ =bec-de-corbin=. =corbine=, _n.f._, (orni.) carrion-crow. =corbleu!= _int._ By the Powers! Zounds! By Jove! Hang it! =corbusée=, _n.f._, (orni.) black-neb. =corcelet=, _n.m._ _V._ =corselet=. =corceron=, _n.m._, (pisc.) float. =cordage=, _n.m._, cordage, cord, rope, rigging; the measuring of wood by the cord. _— en trois_; rope made with three strands. _— de rechange_; spare ropes. =cordat=, _n.m._, packing-cloth. =corde=, _n.f._, cord, rope; line; twist, twine, string; (mus.) chord; tone, note; concord; span (of an arch); laniard (of buoys); thread (of cloth); hanging (death by); gallows. _— à danser_; dancing-rope. _Danseur de —_; rope-dancer. _— à boyau_; cat-gut. _Echelle de —_; rope-ladder. _Une — de bois_; a cord of wood. _Ne touchez point cette — là_; do not harp upon that string. _Toucher la grosse —_; to hit the main point of the question. _Instrument à —s_; stringed instrument. _— de violon_; fiddle-string. _Flatter la —_; to play with delicacy. _Avoir deux —s à son arc_; to have two strings to one’s bow. _Son habit montre la —_; his coat is threadbare. _Cela est usé jusqu’à la —_; that is thoroughly hackneyed. _Friser la —_; narrowly to escape hanging. _Il y va de la —_; it is a hanging matter. _Filer sa —_; to go the way of the gallows. _Avoir de la — de pendu_; to have the devil’s own luck. _Tenir la —_; to lead. _Passer à fleur de —_; to only just succeed (of a thing). _Être au bout de sa —_; to be at the end of one’s tether. =cordé=, =-e=, _part._, twisted, corded. =cordé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) cordated, heart-shaped. =cordeau=, _n.m._, line, cord. _Au —_; in a straight line. =cordeler=, _v.a._, to twist, to twine; to wreathe. =cordelette=, _n.f._, small cord; string. =cordelier=, _n.m._, cordelier; Franciscan friar; gray-friar. =cordelière=, _n.f._, Franciscan nun; cordelier’s girdle; (arch.) twisted fillet. =cordelle=, _n.f._, (nav.) tow-line, tow-rope. =corder=, _v.a._, to cord; to bind with a cord. _v.n._, (pop.) to cotton; to agree. _— du bois_; to measure wood by the cord. _se_ =corder=, _v.r._, to be corded; to get stringy. =corderie=, _n.f._, rope-walk, rope-yard; rope-making; (nav.) boatswain’s store-room. =cordial=, =-e=, _adj._, cordial, hearty, sincere. =cordial=, _n.m._, cordial. =cordialement= (kor-dial-mān), _adv._, cordially, heartily, sincerely. =cordialité=, _n.f._, cordiality; heartiness; hearty affection. =cordier=, _n.m._, rope-maker; (of violins) tail-piece. =cordiforme=, _adj._, cordiform, heart-shaped. =cordon=, _n.m._, twist, string; check-string (of carriages); cord; fillet, thread, ribbon; order; girdle; plinth, edging of stone; (milit., fort., arch.) cordon; (anat.) funis; edge (of coins); door-rope. _— ombilical_; umbilical cord. _— de chapeau_; hat-band. _— de sonnette_; bell pull. _Un — bleu_; a knight of the Holy Ghost. _— bleu_; blue-ribbon; a first-rate cook. _Un — rouge_; a knight of the order of St. Louis. _Tirer le —_; to pull the string; to be a house-porter. _Le —, s’il vous plaît_; open the door, please. =cordonnage=, _n.m._, (coin) milling; edging. =cordonner=, _v.a._, to twist, to twine; to braid; (of coins) to line, to mill, to edge. =cordonnerie=, _n.f._, shoemaking, the trade of a shoemaker; shoe-place. =cordonnet=, _n.m._, twist; edging, milling (of coins _— de pièces de monnaie_). =cordonnier=, _n.m._, cordwainer; shoemaker. _— pour femmes_; ladies’ shoemaker. =corée=, _n.m._, (poet.) choreus, trochee. _V._ =chorée=. =corégence=, _n.f._, co-regency. =corégent=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, co-regent. =coreligionnaire=, _n.m.f._, co-religionist. =coriace=, _adj._, tough, ropy, leathery, stringy; cartilaginous; niggardly. _Un homme —_; a close-fisted fellow. =coriacé=, =-e=, _adj._, coriaceous. =coriaire=, _adj._, fit for tanning. _n.f._ (bot.) _V._ =corroyère=. =coriambe=, _n.m._, (poet.) choriambus. =coriandre=, _n.f._, (bot.) coriander. =corindon=, _n.m._, (min.) corundum, adamantine spar. =corinthien=, =-ne= (-in, -e-n), _adj._, Corinthian. =corinthien=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, Corinthian. =coris=, _n.m._ _V._ =cauris=. =corlieu=, =corlis=, _n.m._, curlew. =corme=, _n.f._, (bot.) service _or_ sorb-apple. =cormier=, _n.m._, (bot.) service-tree. =cormoran=, _n.m._, sea-raven, cormorant. =cornac=, _n.m._, elephant driver, cornac; showman; chaperon, mentor. =cornage=, _n.m._, (vet.) roaring (of horses). =cornaline=, _n.f._, cornelian stone. =cornard=, _adj._, (pop., l.ex.) roaring (of horses). =cornard=, _n.m._, (pop., l.ex.) cornuto, cuckold. =cornardise=, _n.f._, (pop., l.ex.) cuckoldom. =corne=, _n.f._, horn, hoof; corner; shoe-horn; dog’s ear (on books, leaves); (nav.) gaff, throat; outside rind (of animals’ feet); cap of the Doge of Venice. _Bête à —s_; horned beast. _Essence de — de cerf_; spirits of hartshorn. _Faire les —s à quelqu’un_; to snap one’s fingers at any one. _Montrer les —s_; to show one’s teeth. _Lever les cornes_; to hold up one’s head again. _Les —s d’un bonnet carré_; the corners of a square cap. _Chapeau à trois —s_; three-cornered hat. _Les —s de la lune_; the horns of the moon. _Les —s de l’autel_; the horns of the altar. _— d’abondance_; cornucopia, horn of plenty. _Faire une — à une carte de visite_; to turn down the corner of a visiting-card. _Faire des —s à un livre_; to dog’s-ear a book. =corné=, =-e=, _adj._, corneous, horny. =corneau=, _n.m._, (hunt.) cross between a mastiff and a hound. =cornée=, _n.f._, (anat.) cornea. =cornéenne=, _n.f._, horn-stone. *=corneille=, _n.f._, carrion-crow, rook, daw. _— emmantelée_; hooded-rook. _Bayer aux —s_; to stare about vacantly. _Il y va comme une — qui abat des noix_; he goes at it tooth and nail, _or_ rashly, slapdash, headlong. =cornement=, _n.m._, tingling of the ears. =cornemuse=, _n.f._, bagpipe. _Joueur de —_; bag-piper. =cornéole=, _n.f._, (bot.) dyer’s weed. =corner=, _v.n._, to blow, to wind or sound a horn; to gore; (man.) to wheeze; to tingle (of the ears); to be tainted (of meat). _Les oreilles me cornent_; my ears tingle. =corner=, _v.a._, to blare out, to blurt out, to trumpet. _Il a corné cela par toute la ville_; he has trumpeted it through the whole town. _— quelque chose aux oreilles de quelqu’un_; to din a thing into any one’s ears. =cornet=, _n.m._, horn, ear-trumpet; ink-horn; dice-box; paper cone; (conch.) cornet. _— de postillon_; post-boy’s horn. _— à bouquin_; cow-herd’s horn. _— à piston_; cornet. =cornette=, _n.f._, head-dress, cornet, mob-cap; cornetcy; (nav.) broad pennant. ☉=cornette=, _n.m._, (milit.) cornet. =corneur=, _n.m._, horn-blower. =corneur=, _adj._, (vet.) wheezing, roaring. =corniche=, _n.f._, (arch.) cornice. =cornichon=, _n.m._, little horn; gherkin; (fig. and fam.) greenhorn, ninny, flat, muff. =cornicule=, _n.f._, small horn, cornicle. =corniculé=, =-e=, _adj._, corniculate, horned. =corni-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, corner; at the angle. _Pilastre —_; corner-column. =cornière=, _n.f._, corner gutter; (print.) corner iron; T iron; (nav.) fashion-piece. =cornifle=, _n.m._, (bot.) horn-wort. *=cornillas=, _n.m._, young rook. =corniste=, _n.m._, cornist, player upon the horn. *=cornouille=, _n.f._, dogberry. *=cornouiller=, _n.m._, dogberry-tree, cornel-tree. =cornu=, =-e=, _adj._, horned; angular, cornered; (fig.) extravagant, absurd. =cornue=, _n.f._, (chem.) retort. =corollaire=, _n.m._, corollary. =corolle=, _n.f._, (bot.) corol, corolla. =corollifère=, _adj._, corollated, bearing a corolla. =coronaire=, _adj._, (anat.) coronary. =coronal=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) coronal. =coronal=, _n.m._, (anat.) coronal. =coroner= (-nèr), _n.m._, (_—s_) coroner. *=coronille=, _n.f._, (bot.) coronilla. =coronoïde=, _adj._, (anat.) coronoid. =coronope=, _n.m._, (bot.) wart-cress. _— de ruelle_; crow’s-foot. =corossol=, _n.m._, (bot.) custard-apple. _— des marais_; cork-wood. =corossolier=, _n.m._, (bot.) anona, custard-apple tree. =corporal=, _n.m._, (c.rel.) corporal, communion cloth. =corporalité=, _n.f._, corporality. =corporation=, _n.f._, corporation, corporate body. =corporéité=, _n.f._, corporeity. =corporel=, =-le=, _adj._, corporal, corporeal, bodily. =corporellement= (-mān), _adv._, corporally, bodily. =corporifier=, _v.a._, to embody, to form into a body. =corps= (kor), _n.m._, body; person; fellow; creature; substance, thickness, consistence; company, society, commonalty, college; main point; barrel (of pumps); caudex (of roots); (of wine, of writing, of sovereigns, of musical instruments, of wearing apparel) body; corps, set of men; (print.) depth, body, of a letter; shell (of a house, a pulley). _— mort_; dead body. _— morts_; (nav.) moorings. _— glorieux_; glorified body. _Un drôle de —_; a queer fellow, a queer fish. _Se tuer le — et l’âme_; to work one’s self to death. _Répondre — pour —_; to be answerable for a person. _Faire — neuf_; to take a new lease of life. _Il fait bon marché de son —_; he makes himself very cheap; he exposes himself unnecessarily to danger. _Il faut voir ce que cet homme a dans le —_; we must see what stuff this man is made of. _Enlever un homme comme un — saint_; (prov.) to kidnap a man. _Gagner son pain à la sueur de son —_; to earn one’s bread by the sweat of one’s brow. _Tomber rudement sur le — à quelqu’un_; to speak in offensive terms of any one. _Être séparés — et biens_; to be separated (_mensâ et thoro_). _C’est un pauvre —_; he is a poor weak fellow. _C’est un — de fer que cet homme_; that man is made of iron. _Passer son épée au travers du — à quelqu’un_; to run any one through the body. _Il a le diable au —_; he is a devil of a fellow. _— de bâtiment_; main building. _— de logis_; detached building. _— de cheminée_; chimney-stack. _Le — du délit_; substance, main proof, of an offense (_corpus delicti_). _Un vin qui a du —_; a full-bodied wine. _Prendre du —_; to grow stout, fat. _Le — du clergé_; the body of the clergy. _Les — de métiers_; the trades’ companies. _Ils font — à part_; they are a separate body. _Esprit de —_; spirit of party; brotherhood in arms. _Un — d’infanterie_; a body of foot-soldiers. _Garde du —_; a life-guard. _Un — de garde_; a guard-house; watch-house; round-house. _— à —_; hand to hand. _À — perdu_; headlong; desperately. _A bras-le-corps_; by the waist. _Saisir quelqu’un à bras-le-—_; to seize any one round the waist. _N’avoir rien dans le —_; to have taken no food; to be a person of no pluck. _À son — défendant_; reluctantly, in one’s own defense. _Le vaisseau a sombré — et biens_; the vessel foundered with all hands. =corpulence=, _n.f._, corpulence, corpulency; stoutness. _Un homme de petite —_; a stoutish man. =corpulent=, =-e=, _adj._, corpulent, stout. =corpusculaire=, _adj._, corpuscular. =corpuscule=, _n.m._, corpuscule or corpuscle. =corpusculiste=, _n.m._, corpuscularian. =correct= (-rèct), =-e=, _adj._, accurate, correct, right. =correctement=, _adv._, correctly, accurately, rightly, right. =correcteur=, _n.m._, corrector, emendator; (print.) reader. _Père —_; superior of a convent. =correcti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, corrective. =correctif=, _n.m._, corrective. =correction=, _n.f._, correction; correctness, accuracy; alteration; reprimand; reproof; (print.) reading, correcting. _Maison de —_; house of correction, reformatory. =correctionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, correctional (of misdemeanors); punishable; reformatory. _Tribunal de police —le_; police-court. =correctionnellement=, _adv._, by way of correction; before the magistrate; for misdemeanors. =correctivement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, correctively, as a corrective. =correctoire=, _n.m._, book of penance, formulary. =correctrice=, _n.f._, lady superior of a convent of Minimi nuns. =corrégidor=, _n.m._, corregidor (Sp. magistrate). =corrélati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, correlative. =corrélati-f=, _n.m._, =-ve=, _n.f._, correlative. =corrélation=, _n.f._, correlation. =correspondance=, _n.f._, correspondence, intercourse; connection, relation; conformity, harmony. _Être en — avec quelqu’un_; to correspond with any one. _Entretenir une — avec quelqu’un_; to keep up a correspondence with any one. _Voiture de —_; correspondence-coach; railway-omnibus. _Service de —_; cross-post. =correspondant=, =-e=, _adj._, correspondent, corresponding. =correspondant=, _n.m._, correspondent, corresponding member; parents’ representative. =correspondre=, _v.n._, to correspond, to communicate, to be in correspondence with; to agree, to suit, to harmonize. =corridor=, _n.m._, lobby, corridor, gallery, passage. _Cette porte donne sur le —_; this door opens out into the gallery or passage. =corrigé=, _n.m._, corrected copy; key (book). =corrigeant=, =-e= (-jān, -t), _adj._, correcting. =corriger=, _v.a._, to correct; to rectify; to repair; to amend; to reclaim; to reprove; to reprehend, to chide, to chastise. _— des épreuves_; (print.) to correct proofs. _se_ =corriger=, _v.r._, to correct one’s self, to amend, to reform, to be reformed. _Elle s’est bien corrigée de cela_; she has quite broken herself of that. =corrigible=, _adj._, corrigible. =corroborant=, =-e= (kor-ro-), _adj._, (med.) corroborant. =corroborant=, _n.m._, (med.) corroborant. =corroborati-f=, =-ve= (kor-ro-), _adj._, (med.) corroborative. =corroboratif= (kor-ro-), _n.m._, (med.) corroborative. =corroboration= (kor-ro-), _n.f._, (med.) corroboration, strengthening. =corroborer= (kor-ro-), _v.a._, to strengthen, to corroborate. =corrodant=, =-e=, _adj._, corroding. _n.m._, corrodent. =corroder= (kor-ro-dé), _v.a._, to corrode. =corroi=, _n.m._, currying of leather; (mas.) claying, puddling. =corroirie=, _n.f._, (tech.) currier’s shop, currying. =corrompre=, _v.a._, to corrupt; to adulterate, to spoil; to infect; to taint; to vitiate; to pervert; to bribe. _Les mauvaises compagnies corrompent les bonnes mœurs_; evil communications corrupt good manners. _— des témoins_; to bribe witnesses. _Se laisser —_; to take a bribe. _se_ =corrompre=, _v.r._, to grow corrupt; to become tainted, to fester. =corrompu=, =-e=, _part._, corrupted; bribed; spoiled; unsound. _Homme —_; debauchee. _Mœurs —es_; dissolute manners. =corrosi-f=, =-ve= (kor-rô-), _adj._, corrosive. =corrosif=, _n.m._, corrosive. =corrosion= (kor-rô-zion), _n.f._, corrosion. =corroyer=, _v.a._, to curry (leather); to prepare clay for puddling; to puddle; to beat up. _— du bois_; to plane wood. _— du fer_; to hammer iron. _— du sable_; to roll sand. =corroyère=, _n.f._, (bot.) sumac. =corroyeur=, _n.m._, currier. =corrugateur=, _n.m._, (anat.) corrugator. =corrugation=, _n.f._, corrugation, wrinkling. =corrupt-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, (kor-rup-), corrupter, seducer, spoiler; briber. =corrupt-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, corrupting, perverting, corrupt, infectious. =corruptibilité= (kor-rup-), _n.f._, corruptibility. =corruptible= (kor-rup-), _adj._, corruptible. =corruption= (kor-rup-), _n.f._, corruption; taint, putridity, rottenness; depravity, perversity, defilement; bribery. =cors=, _n.m.pl._, (hunt.) horns; branches. _Un cerf dix —_; a full-grown stag. =corsage=, _n.m._, trunk, bust, chest (of the body); bodice, body (of a dress). _— de dessous_; petticoat bodice. =corsaire=, _n.m._, privateer, commander of a privateer; corsair, rover; shark, Jew. _À —, — et demi_; set a thief to catch a thief. =corsé=, _adj._, rich, full-bodied, having body (of wine); (fam.) strong, thick, stout; substantial, copious; plentiful. =corse=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, Corsican. =corselet=, _n.m._, corselet. =corser=, _v.n._, to fit (of stays). _v.a._, (fig.) to thicken; to complicate. _se_ =corser=, _v.r._, to put one’s stays on; (fig.) to acquire strength; to grow serious. =corset=, _n.m._, corset, stays; bodice; (surg.) bandage. =corseti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, (-tié, -ti-èr), corset-maker, stay-maker. =cortège=, _n.m._, train, retinue, cortege; procession; attendants. =cortès= (-tèss), _n.f.pl._, Cortes (Spanish Parliament). =cortical=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot., anat.) cortical. =cortiqueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (bot.) corticose. =coruscation=, _n.f._, coruscation. =corvéable=, _adj._, (feudalism) liable to forced labor. =corvéable=, _n.m._, one liable to forced labor. =corvée=, _n.f._, (feudalism) statute-labor; duty, service, fatigue duty done by soldiers; toil; drudgery; bore. _Quelle —!_ what a bore! =corvette=, _n.f._, corvette, sloop of war. =corybante=, _n.m._, priest of Cybele. =corybantique=, _adj._, corybantic. _—s_, _n.f.pl._, feasts in honor of Cybele. =corymbe=, _n.m._, (bot.) cluster, corymb. =corymbé=, =-e=, (bot.) corymbiate. =corymbeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (bot.) corymbase. =corymbifère=, _adj._, (bot.) corymbiferous. _—s_; _n.f.pl._, corymbiferous plants. =coryphée=, _n.m._, corypheus; leader, chief; principal man; (theat.) chorus-master. =coryza=, _n.m._, (med.) coryza, cold in the head. =cosaque=, _n.m._, Cossack. =cosaque=, _n.f._, Cossack dance. _Je veux te faire danser une —_; (pop.) I’ll let you have a taste of the stick. =cosécante=, _n.f._, (geom.) co-secant. *=coseigneur=, _n.m._, joint lord of a manor. =conseigneurie=, _n.f._, joint lordship. =cosinus= (-si-nûs), _n.m._, (geom.) co-sine. =cosmétique=, _n.m._, and _adj._, cosmetic. =cosmétique=, _n.f._, art of using cosmetics. =cosmique=, _adj._, (astron.) cosmical. =cosmiquement=, _adv._, (astron.) cosmically. =cosmogonie=, _n.f._, cosmogony. =cosmogonique=, _adj._, cosmogonical. =cosmographe=, _n.m._, cosmographer. =cosmographie=, _n.f._, cosmography. =cosmographique=, _adj._, cosmographical. =cosmolabe=, _n.m._, (astron.) cosmolabe. =cosmologie=, _n.f._, cosmology. =cosmologique=, _adj._, cosmological. =cosmologiste= _or_ =cosmologue=, _n.m._, cosmologist. =cosmopolite=, _n.m._, cosmopolite. =cosmopolite=, _adj._, cosmopolitan. =cosmopolitisme=, _n.m._, cosmopolitism. =cosmorama=, _n.m._, cosmorama. =cosse=, _n.f._, cod, shell, husk, pod; (nav.) thimble. =cosser=, _v.n._, (of rams) to butt. =cosson=, _n.m._, (ent.) weevil; (agri.) new shoot of a vine. =cossu=, =-e=, _adj._, husked, podded; substantial, warm, wealthy, rich. _En conter de —es_; to tell spicy tales. _Un homme —_; a monied man. =costal=, =-e=, _adj._, costal. =costières=, _n.f.pl._, (theat.) grooves for the side-lights. =costume=, _n.m._, garb, uniform; manners, usages; costume, dress. _Grand —_; full dress. _Petit —_; undress. _— de soirée_; evening-dress. _— tailleur_; tailor-made dress. =costumer=, _v.a._, to dress in fancy dress. _se_ =costumer=, _v.r._, to dress one’s self up; to dress in fancy dress. =costumier=, _n.m._, costumer, dealer in fancy dress clothes. =cotangente=, _n.f._, (geom.) co-tangent. =cote=, _n.f._, letter, number, figure (to indicate the order); (com.) quotation; quota, share, price, price-list. _Faire une — mal taillée_; to make a clumsy compromise. =côte=, _n.f._, rib (of the body, of cloth, of fruit); (arch., bot., manu.), rib; (agri.) edge; hill, declivity; shore, sea-coast. _— d’aloyau_; wing-rib. _Fausses —s_; short ribs. _Se casser une —_; to break a rib. _Rompre les —s à quelqu’un_; to break anyone’s bones. _Mesurer les —s à quelqu’un_; to thrash anyone. _Se mettre à la —_; (nav.) to run aground, ashore. _Ranger la —_; to coast. _Raser la —_; to sail along, to hug, the shore. _— à —_; side by side. _Le long de la —_; along the hill _or_ the shore. _— de fer_; (hist.) iron-side. =côté=, _n.m._, side; broadside; way, manner; flank; part; slice. _Il a un point de —_; he has got a stitch in his side. _Le — faible_; the weak side. _Mettre une bouteille_, _un tonneau_, _sur le —_; to empty a bottle, a cask. _De tous —s_; on all sides. _— de première_; (print.) outer form. _— de seconde_; inner form. _De mon —_; for my own part. _Ils sont parents du — maternel_; they are related on the mother’s side. _Il est du — gauche_; he is a natural child. _Se ranger du — de quelqu’un_; to side with anyone. _De quel — êtes-vous?_ whom do you side with? _Il se met du — du plus fort_; he takes the strongest side. _A — de_; by, near. _Être à — de la question_; to be beside the question. _Donner à —_; to miss. _De —_; sideways, aslant, askew, obliquely, aside. _D’à —_; adjoining, next house. _Une vue de —_; a side-view. _Regarder de —_; to look askance. _Mettre une chose de —_; to lay by. _De — et d’autre_; up and down, here and there, on all sides, in every direction. _C’est son — faible_; it is his weak side. _S’asseoir à — de quelqu’un_; to sit down by the side of any one. _Se tenir les —s de rire_; to shake one’s sides with laughing. _De l’autre —_; in the next room. _Mettre les rieurs de son —_; to turn the laugh against any one. _Être sur le —_; to be on one’s back, ill. =coteau=, _n.m._, declivity, slope; little hill, hillock, rising ground. =côtelette= (kot-let), _n.f._, chop, cutlet. _Une — de mouton_; a mutton chop. _Des —s de veau_; veal cutlets. _— de porc frais_; pork chop. _Des —s_; mutton chop whiskers. =cotenanci-er=, =-ère=, _n.m.f._, co-tenant. =coter=, _v.a._, to number; to quote, to fix, to price. _Se —_; to be quoted, to be priced. _— le cours des effets publics_; to quote the price of stocks. =coterie= (ko-trî), _n.f._, coterie, set, club; circle, gang. =cothurne=, _n.m._, buskin. _Chausser le —_; to put on the buskin (play in tragedy). =cothurné=, =-e=, _adj._, (antiq.) cothurnated. =côtier= (-tié), _adj._, _n.m._, coasting; coasting-pilot. =côtière= (-ti-èr), _n.f._, (gard.) border, sloping bed; (nav.) (l.u.) coasts, coast-line. *=cotignac= (-gna), _n.m._, quiddany, marmalade of quinces. *=cotillon=, _n.m._, under-petticoat; cotillon (dance). _Il aime le —_; he is fond of women. _Régime du —_; petticoat government. =cotir=, _v.a._, (fruit) to bruise, to damage. =cotisation=, _n.f._, clubbing, subscription; assessment, quota, share. =cotiser=, _v.a._, to assess, to rate. _se_ =cotiser=, _v.r._, to rate, to assess; to unite, to club together; to get up a subscription; to subscribe. =cotissure=, _n.f._, (fruit) damage, bruising. =coton=, _n.m._, cotton; down (of fruit and hair on the face). _— épluché_; picked cotton. _— brut_; raw cotton. _— plat_; darning cotton. _— à tricoter_; knitting cotton. _— de couleur_; colored cotton. _Bobine de —_; reel of cotton. _Écheveau de —_; skein of cotton. _Balle de —_; bale of cotton. _Toile de —_; cotton cloth. _Il jette un vilain —_; he is going to the dogs. _Il jette_, _il file_, _un mauvais —_; he is in a bad way. _Mettre dans du —_; to coddle, to nurse, to indulge. _Elever dans du —_; to molly-coddle; to bring up delicately. =cotonnade=, _n.f._, cotton cloth, cotton-check. =cotonné=, =-e=, _part._, woolly (of hair); wadded, padded; covered with, full of, cotton. =cotonner=, _v.a._, to fill, to stuff with, cotton; to pad. _se_ =cotonner=, _v.r._, to be covered with down, to become downy; to cotton, to nap, to become mealy (of vegetables). _Les artichauts_, _les radis se cotonnent_; artichokes, radishes grow pithy or spongy. =cotonner=, _v.n._, to cotton, to nap. =cotonneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, pithy, spongy, mealy; (bot.) downy, cottony (of style); spun out, lax, diffuse. =cotonnier=, _n.m._, cotton-tree. =cotonni-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, cotton, of cotton. =cotonnière=, _n.f._, (bot.) cotton-weed; cud-weed. =cotonnine=, _n.f._, cotton sail-cloth. =côtoyer=, _v.a._, to go by the side of, to skirt; (nav.) to coast, to coast along; to keep close to, to hug the shore. =cotret=, _n.m._, fagot, stick. _Il est sec comme un —_; he is as thin as a lath. _De l’huile de —_; stirrup oil; (fig.) cudgeling. =cottage=, _n.m._, cottage. =cotte=, _n.f._, petticoat, jacket; coat. _— d’armes_; coat of arms. _— de mailles_; coat of mail. _— morte_; estate (of a deceased monk). =cotte=, _n.m._, (ich.) bull-head. _— chabot_; sea-scorpion. =cotut-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, joint-guardian. =cotylédon=, _n.m._, (anat., bot.) cotyledon. =cotylédoné=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) cotyledonous. =cotylier=, _n.m._, (bot.) cotyledon, navel-wort. =cotyloïde=, _adj._, (anat.) cotyloid. =cou=, _n.m._, neck. _— de travers_; wry-neck. _Sauter_, _se jeter_, _au — de quelqu’un_; to fall on a person’s neck. _Se casser le —_; to break one’s neck. _Couper le — à_; to cut the neck of. _Rompre le — à_; to break the neck of. _Prendre ses jambes à son —_; to take to one’s heels. _— de pied_; instep. =couard=, _n.m._, (fam.) coward, dastard. =couard=, =-e=, _adj._, (fam.) coward, cowardly. =couardement=, _adv._, (fam.) in a cowardly manner. =couarder=, _v.n._, (fam.) to act in a cowardly manner. =couardise=, _n.f._, (fam.) cowardice. =coucal=, _n.m._, pheasant-cuckoo. =couchage=, _n.m._, bedding (for the army); act of lying in bed; price of a bed, night’s lodging. =couchant=, _adj._, lying; setting. _Un chien —_; a setter. _Faire le chien —_; to crawl and cringe. _Soleil —_; setting sun. =couchant=, _n.m._, west; wane, decline. =couche=, _n.f._, bed; bedstead; confinement, childbed, lying-in; delivery, birth; swaddling-clothes, diaper; layer, stratum, row; (gard.) hot-bed, bed; (mining) seam; layer, stratum, coat (of varnish, colour); stake (at play). _La — nuptiale_; the nuptial bed. _Pendant ses —s_; during her confinement. _Elle est morte en —s_; she died in childbed. _Être en_, _faire ses_, _—s_; to be confined, to lie-in. _Heureuse —_; good delivery. _Fausse —_; miscarriage. _Partager la — de quel-qu’un_; to share any one’s bed. =couché=, =-e=, _part._, put to bed, in bed, gone to bed, lying down, flat down, recumbent, jacent; (her.) couchant. =couchée=, _n.f._, resting-place; sleeping place; bed; night’s lodging. =coucher=, _v.a._, to put to bed; to lay down; to lay low; to lodge; to knock down; to incline; to lay on ☉to stake. _— quelqu’un en joue_; to take aim at anyone, to cover anyone. _— en joue_; to aim at, to cover. ☉_— gros_; to play deep. _— par écrit_; to write down, take down, enter. _se_ =coucher=, _v.r._, to go to bed; to lay one’s self down, to lie down, to lie flat; to set; to go down. _Allez vous —_; go to bed. _Il n’est pas encore temps d’aller se —_; it is not bed-time yet. _Se — comme les poules_; to go to bed with the sun (_i.e._, very early). _Comme on fait son lit, on se couche_; as you make your bed, so you must lie. _Allez vous —_; (fam.) get along with you; stuff and nonsense. _Le soleil se couche_; the sun is setting. =coucher=, _v.n._, to lie, to sleep, to pass the night; to lie down, to rest. _— au cabaret_; to sleep at a public-house. _— à la belle étoile_; to sleep in the open air. _— sur la dure_; to sleep upon bare boards or on the ground. _— tout habillé_; to sleep with one’s clothes on. =coucher=, _n.m._, bed-time, going to bed; sleeping; setting (of the sun). _C’est l’heure de son —_; it is his bed-time. _Le petit —_; the king’s select circle whilst preparing for bed. =couchette=, _n.f._, bedstead, small bed, crib. =coucheu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, bed-fellow. _Mauvais —_; nasty customer; cross-grained person. _Bon —_; easy-going fellow. =couchis=, _n.m._, layer, stratum; bolster. =couci-couci=, _adv._, (fam.) so so, middling, indifferently. =coucou=, _n.m._, cuckoo; barren strawberry-plant; Dutch clock; coach, omnibus; one-horse chaise; (bot.) cowslip, daffodil. =coude=, _n.m._, elbow; bend, angle; winding; turning, turn; knee (of machinery); neck (of a bayonet). _Donner des coups de —_; to elbow. _Hausser le —_; to drink hard, to fuddle. =coudé=, =-e=, _part._, bent, elbowed, cranked. =coudée=, _n.f._, arm’s length; cubit. _Avoir les —s franches_; to have elbow room, full play, scope, freedom. =cou-de-pied=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) instep. =couder=, _v.a._, to bend, to make an elbow. _se_ =couder=, _v.r._, to elbow, to form an elbow. =coudoyer=, _v.a._, to elbow, to jostle. _se_ =coudoyer=, _v.r._, to elbow, to jostle, one another. =coudraie=, _n.f._, hazel-copse; filbert-orchard. =coudran=, _n.m._, (nav.) tar. _V._ =goudron=. =coudranner=, _v.a._, (nav.) to soak cords in tar. =coudre=, _n.m._, nut-tree, hazel-tree. _V._ =coudrier=. =coudre= (cousant, cousu), _v.a._, to sew, to stitch; to tack; (fig.) to add, to connect, to unite. _— à_; to stitch _or_ sew to. _— du linge_; to sew linen. _— à grands points_; to take long stitches. ☉=coudrette=, _n.f._, hazel-copse. =coudrier=, _n.m._, hazel-tree. =couenne= (kooa-n), _n.f._, rind, pig-skin; (med.) buff; birth-mark, mole. =couenneu-x=, =-se= (kooah-), _adj._, (med.) containing buff. _Angine —se_; diphtheria. =couette=, _n.f._, little-tail; tuft; sea-gull; ☉feather-bed; (mec.) socket. =coufique=, _adj._, (philol.) cufic. =cougourde=, _n.f._, (bot.) bottle-gourd. =couguar= (-gar), _n.m._, (mam.) cougar. =couillon=, _n.m._, coward, funk; fool, muff. =couillonnade=, _n.f._, gammon, humbug, bosh. =couillonner=, _v.a._, to gammon, to humbug, to bamboozle; to funk, to shirk. =coulage=, _n.m._, leakage, waste; melting, casting. =coulamment= (koo-la-mān), _adv._, fluently, freely, readily. _Il parle —_; he talks fluently. =coulant=, =-e=, _adj._, flowing; fluent; smooth; easy, accommodating; slip (of knots). _Style —_; easy, fluent style. _Nœud —_; noose. =coulant=, _n.m._, slide, slider, runner; neck-jewel; slide (of an umbrella). =coulé=, _n.m._, (mus.) slur; slide (dance); cast (founding); (paint.) first wash; (billiards) following stroke. =coulée=, _n.f._, running, flowing, flow; (of writing) running-hand; tapping (metal); (hunt.) track path. _Trou de —_; (metal.) tap-hole. =coulement= (kool-mān), _n.m._, running, flow (of liquids). =couler=, _v.n._, to flow, to run; to glide, to glide along; to pour, to stream; to trickle, to drop; to leak, to run out; to ooze out; to glide away, to fly away, to slip; to slide away, to go down; (founding) to run through the mold; to gutter; to touch lightly upon; to be shed, to be split. _Se laisser — jusqu’à terre_; to slide down to the ground. _Faire —_; to shed. _L’échelle va —_; the ladder will slip. _L’encre ne coule pas_; the ink does not run freely. _Le nez lui coule_; his nose runs. _La chandelle coule_; the candle gutters. _Les larmes lui coulent des yeux_; tears are flowing from his eyes. _— sur un fait_; to glide _or_ slur over a fact. _— bas_, _à fond_; to founder, to sink. =couler=, _v.a._, to cast; to strain; to slip in; to pass (time); (mus.) to slur; to run down; to do for; to scald (linen); to fall off, to drop; to sink; to run smooth, to flow. _— une statue_; to cast a statue. _— une glace_; to cast a plate of glass. _— un vaisseau à fond_; to sink a ship. _— un pas_; to pass smoothly over a step (in dancing). _se_ =couler=, _v.r._, to slip, to creep, to steal, to slide; (of metals) to be cast. =couleur=, _n.f._, color, paint; favor (ribbon); coloring; appearance; suit (at cards). _—s aigres_; harsh colors. _—s amies_; blending colors. _— éclatante_; striking color. _— tranchante_; glaring color. _— solide_; fast color. _— de feu_; flame color. _— de rose_; rose color. _Pâles —s_; (med.) chlorosis, green sickness. _— locale_; local coloring. _— voyante_; showy color. _— à l’huile_; oil color. _—s passantes_; fading colors. _Diversifier_, _mêler_, _assortir_, _les —s_; to vary, to blend, to match, colors. _Juger d’une chose comme un aveugle des —s_; to talk of a subject without knowing anything about it. _Voir tout — de rose_; to see the bright side of things. _Les hommes de —_; men of color, mulattoes. _Lampes de —_; variegated lamps. _Reprendre —_; to be in favor again; to appear in society again. _Changer de —_; to change color. _La — lui monta au visage_; the color came into his face. _Ce rôti a bien pris —_; that roast meat is nicely browned. _L’affaire prend —_; the matter is looking better, _or_ is taking a turn. _De quelle — tourne-t-il?_ what are trumps? _Donner de la —_; to follow suit. _Prendre —_; (lansquenet) to stake and cut the cards. _Appliquer les —s_; to lay on the colors. _Adoucir_, _amortir_, _les —s_; to soften, to deaden, colors. _Rehausser les —s_; to heighten colors. _Peindre à pleines —s_; to paint with a full brush. _Mettre en —_; (paint.) to stain. _Style sans —_; colorless style. _Prendre —_; to assume a character; (of persons) to take a side. _Il l’a trompé sous — d’amitié_; he deceived him under a show of friendship. _Sous — de_; under the pretext of. =couleuvre=, _n.f._, adder; (fig.) mortification, vexation, bitter pill. _Faire avaler des —s à quelqu’un_; to put all sorts of indignities upon a person. =couleuvreau=, _n.m._, young adder. =couleuvrée=, _n.f._, (bot.) bryony. =coulevrine=, _n.f._, culverin; aspic. _Être sous la — d’un autre_; to be dependent on another. _Être sous la — d’une place_; to be within reach of a fort. =coulis=, _adj.m._ _Vent —_; wind that comes through cracks and chinks, draught of air. =coulis=, _n.m._, (cook.) cullis, gravy, jelly; (mas.) grout, solder. =coulisse=, _n.f._, groove; sliding board; running string; rib (presses); (print.) galley; (theat.) side-scene, wing; behind the scenes; shutter, door; (exchange language) coulisse (unauthorised part of the exchange); bucket shop; frequenters of the coulisse; outside brokers. _— d’arbalète_; chase of a cross-bow. _Propos de —s_; green-room talk. _Faire les yeux en —_; to look askance. =coulissé=, =-e=, _adj._, grooved. =coulisseau=, _n.m._, slide, slide-block, wooden groove for beds with castors; guide (engineering). =coulissier=, _n.m._, stock-jobber; outside broker; green-room frequenter. =couloir=, _n.m._, skimming-dish, strainer; (arch.) passage, lobby. ☉_— de la bile_; biliary duct. =couloire=, _n.f._, colander, sieve, strainer. =coulpe=, _n.f._, (rel.) sin, fault. _J’en dis ma —_; I confess and repent. =coulure=, _n.f._, running (metal); falling off, dropping off (fruit). =coumarine=, _n.f._, (chem.) coumarine. =coup= (koo), _n.m._, blow, thump, knock, stroke, hit, stab, thrust, lash; crack (of a whip); beat (of a drum); draught (liquids); clap (of thunder); (artil.) charge; move (at chess, draughts); (fenc.) thrust; gust (of wind); throw (at dice); shot, report (of fire-arms); butt (of rams); time; trick; event; aim; attempt; act; action; deed; kick; push. _pl._, knocking. _— amorti_; spent shot. _Grand —_; hard blow; last cast. _Porter un —_; to deal a blow. _Petit —_; pat; sip (of liquids). _Heureux —_; lucky hit. _— monté_; got-up affair. _— mortel_, _— de mort_; death-blow. _— de maître_; master-stroke. _— de jarnac_; treacherous, unexpected blow. _— de tête_; act of desperation, freak. _— de partie_; decisive blow. _— de poing_; blow with the fist, fisticuff. _— de coude_; nudge. _Un — de revers_; back-stroke; backhander. _Donner des —s de pied_; to kick. _— de massue_; blow with a club, stunning blow; thunder-stroke. _— de bâton_; blow with a stick; cudgeling. _Donner des —s de bâton à quelqu’un_; to cudgel any one. _Donner un — d’épée_; to deal a sword thrust. _— de fleuret_; pass. _Donner des —s de fouet_; to lash. _— de dent_; bite. _Au_ or _sur le — de trois heures_; when the clock strikes three. _Un — de sifflet_; a whistle. _Donnez-vous un — de peigne_; comb yourself. _— de foudre_; thunderbolt. _— de sang_; apoplectic fit; congestion of the brain. _— de soleil_; sunstroke. _— d’air_; cold in the head _or_ chest. _Le — de grâce_; the coup-de-grace, the finishing stroke. _C’est comme un — d’épée dans l’eau_; it is like beating the air. _Un — de bec_ or _de patte_; a piece of slander; sarcastic remark. _Assommer quelqu’un de —s_, _rouer quelqu’un de —s_; to beat in a cruel manner. _— d’assommoir_; overwhelming, a stunning blow. _Détourner le —_; to ward off the blow. _Faire son —_; to succeed. _Manquer son —_; to fail. _— perdu_; random shot. _Donner un — de chapeau_; to take off one’s hat. _Faire d’une pierre deux —s_; to kill two birds with one stone. _Flanquer des —s à quelqu’un_; to give any one a thrashing. _Sans — férir_; without striking a blow, without firing a shot. _Porter —_; to hit home. _Encore un —_; once more, again; one more blow. _Encore un — je vous dis_; once more I tell you. _D’un seul —_; at one blow; at one swoop. _À — perdu_; in vain. _Sous le — de_; under the threat of. _— sur —_; one after another, without stopping, in succession. _Pour le —_; this time, for once. _Après —_; too late. _À tous —s_; at every turn, every moment. _Du premier —_; at the first, at once. _Tout à —_; all of a sudden, suddenly. _Tout d’un —_; at once, all at once. _À — sûr_; certainly, to a certainty, unquestionably. _Il a reçu un — de fusil_; he received a gun-shot wound. _— de canon à l’eau_; shot between wind and water. _— de partance_; (nav.) farewell gun; signal for departure. _Un — de vent_; a squall. _— de main_; (milit.) coup-de-main, surprise, sudden, unexpected, desperate, attack. _Donner un — de main à quelqu’un_; to give any one a helping hand. _Donner un — d’épaule à quelqu’un_; to give any one a lift. _Donner un — de collier_; to put one’s shoulder to the wheel. _Frapper les grands —s_; to resort to decisive measures. _Asséner un —_; to deal a blow. _— d’œil_; glance, look. _Jeter un — d’œil sur_; to take a peep at. _Avoir le — d’œil juste_; to have a carpenter’s eye. _Au premier — d’œil_; at first sight. _Cette démarche a porté —_; this step has taken effect. _Un — de bonheur_; a lucky hit. _Un — de malheur_; an unlucky hit. _— d’étourdi_; rash act. _— de désespoir_; desperate attempt. _— d’essai_; first attempt. _— d’éclat_; striking act, brilliant exploit. _— d’état_; violent measure, exercise or abuse of authority; revolution, state-stroke. _— d’autorité_; act of authority. _Par un — de hasard_; by a mere chance. _— de bonheur_; lucky chance. _— imprévu_; unexpected accident. _— du ciel_; providential stroke. _—s et blessures_; (jur.) cutting and maiming. _— de théâtre_; unexpected event; clap-trap. _Il a fait le —_; he has done the deed. _Un —_; once. _Il a encore trois —s à jouer_; he has still three shots. _Tirer un —_; to fire a shot. _Porter un — fourré à quelqu’un_; to do anyone an ill turn, to strike a blow in the dark. _C’est un — qui porte_; that is a home-thrust. _Le — vaut l’argent_; it is worth trying. _Buvez encore un —_; drink once more. _Boire un grand —_; to take a long draught. _Buvons un — ensemble_; let us have a drink together. _Boire un — de trop_; to have a drop too much. _Tuer quelqu’un à —s de bâton_; to beat anyone to death. _Faire les cent —s_; to run riot. _Être aux cent —s_; to be at one’s wits’ end; not to know which way to turn. =coupable=, _adj._, culpable, guilty, at fault, sinful, criminal. _Déclarer quelqu’un —_; to bring any one in guilty. _Se déclarer —_, _non —_; to plead guilty, not guilty. =coupable=, _n.m.f._, guilty person; culprit. =coupage=, _n.m._, cutting; diluting (of wine). =coupant=, _n.m._, edge (of a sword). _— de l’ongle du sanglier_; the edge of a wild boar’s foot (hunt.). =coupant=, =-e=, _adj._, cutting, sharp. =coupe=, _n.f._, cutting; chopping; felling (of wood); wood felled; cut (style); cut (place); the cut end; felling; a fall of timber; cup; chalice; quaffing-bowl; (arch.) section, plan, slope; division; (astron.) Crater; calice; cup; (theol.) wine; cutting (at cards). _La — des cheveux_; hair-cutting. _La — des pierres_; stone-cutting. _Mettre en —_; to mark for cutting. _— réglée_; annual cutting; regular contribution. _La — d’un bois taillis se fait tous les neuf ans_; coppice wood is felled every ninth year. _Mettre en —_; to cut down periodically (of forests); (fig.) to lay under regular contribution. _Il a la — malheureuse_; he has a very unlucky hand at cutting. _Être sous la — de quelqu’un_; to play first (at cards); (fig.) to be in anyone’s power. _Boire la — jusqu’à la lie_; to drink the cup of bitterness to the dregs. _Il y a loin de la — aux lèvres_; there’s many a slip between the cup and the lips. _— d’un ouvrage_; division of a work into parts. _La — et liaison des scènes_; the division and connection of the scenes. _La — des vers_; the division of the verses. _Boire dans une —_; to drink out of a cup. =coupé=, _n.m._, coupee (step in dancing); brougham; front part of a French diligence. _— lit_; sleeping car. =coupé=, =-e=, _part._, cut, short, laconic. _Un pays —_; a country intersected with rivers, canals, &c. _Un style —_; a laconic style. _Du lait —_; milk and water. _Du vin — d’eau_; wine and water. =coupe-asperges=, _n.m._, (_—_) (hort.) asparagus-knife. ☉=coupeau=, _n.m._, top of a hill; cop. =coupe-bourgeons=, _n.m._, (_plur._ _—_) vine-grub. =coupe-cercle=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) round-punch (for cutting out pasteboard). =coupe-cors=, _n.m._, (_—_) corn-cutter. =coupe-fils=, _n.m._, pliers. =coupe-gorge=, _n.m._, (_—_) cut-throat place; nest of swindlers; the dealer turning up his own card first (lansquenet). =coupe-jarret=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) cut-throat, assassin, ruffian. =coupe-légumes=, _n.m._, (_plur._ _—_) vegetable-cutter. =coupellation= (-pel-la-), _n.f._, (chem.) cupellation; testing (metal.). =coupelle=, _n.f._, cupel. _Argent de —_; purest silver. _Essai à la —_; cupellation. _Mettre à la —_; to submit to cupellation; to put to the test. =coupeller=, _v.a._, to test (metals). *=coupe-paille=, _n.m._, (_—_) chaff-cutter. =coupe-pâte=, _n.m._, (_—_) dough-knife. =couper=, _v.a._, to cut; to cut off, to dock, to lop, to strike off; to cut down; to cut out; to clip, to pare, to cut away, to geld; to cross, to get before; to dilute (milk, wine, with water); (milit.) to intercept; to divide, to intersect, to interrupt; to hinder; to impede, to get before; to strike; to geld; to cut up, to carve; to amputate; to chop. _— menu_; to mince. _— un habit_; to cut out a coat. _— par tranches_; to slice, to cut into slices. _Les sanglots lui coupent la voix_; her sobs stifle her utterance. _— la bourse à quelqu’un_; to pick any one’s pocket. _— le cours d’une rivière_; to interrupt the course of a river. _— les vivres à une armée_; to intercept the provisions of an army. _— la parole à quelqu’un_; to interrupt any one. _Pour — court_; to be brief, in short. _— le chemin à quelqu’un_; to stop anyone’s way. _— la ligne_; (milit.) to break through the line. _— le sifflet à quelqu’un_; (pop.) to cut anyone’s throat. _— les vivres à quelqu’un_; to stop anyone’s allowance. _— un cheveu en quatre_; to split hairs. _— le câble_; to take the decisive step. _— l’herbe sous le pied_; (fig.) to supplant anyone; to lay by the heels. _— bras et jambes_; (fig.) to dumfound. _— chemin à un incendie_, _à un maladie_; to stop the progress of a fire, of a disease. _se_ =couper=, _v.r._, to cut oneself; to be chafed; to cut; to wear out; to burst; to crack; to intersect, to intersect one another; to cross; to contradict oneself, to falter, to equivocate. _Se — la gorge_; to cut one’s throat. _Se — la main_; to cut one’s hand. _Ce cuire s’est coupé_; this leather has burst. =couper=, _v.n._, to cut, to cut in (at cards); to chop. _À qui à —?_ whose cut is it? _— dans le vif_; to cut to the quick. _— court à quelqu’un_; to cut any one short. _— par le plus court_; to take the shortest way. =coupe-racines=, _n.m._, (_plur._ _—_) (agri.) root-cutter. =couperet= (koo-prè), _n.m._, chopper, enameler’s file. =couperose= (koo-prôz), _n.f._, copperas; (med.) stone-pock. _— verte_; green vitriol. _— blanche_; white vitriol. _— bleue_; blue vitriol. =couperosé=, =-e= (koo-prô-zé), _adj._, blotched, pimpled. =coupe-tête=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) leap-frog. =coupeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, cutter; player (lansquenet). _— de bourses_; pickpocket, cut-purse. =coupeur d’eau=, _n.m._, (orni.) cut-water. =couplage=, _n.m._, coupling; one of the sixteen parts composing a float of wood; pair of boats. =couple=, _n.f._, couple (two things of the same kind); (of game) brace. _Une — de bœufs_; a yoke of oxen. _Une — de perdrix_; a brace of partridges. =couple=, _n.m._, couple (two beings acting in concert); pair (of animals, male and female); (nav.) frame. _C’est un — bien assorti_; they are a well-matched couple. _Un — de chevaux_; a pair of horses. _Maître —_; midship-frame. _—s de remplissage_; (nav.) filling timber. _— de balancement_; balance timbers. _Par —s_; in pairs. =coupler=, _v.a._, to couple, to link. =couplet=, _n.m._, couplet, verse; song; tirade; hinge. =coupleter=, _v.a._, to write a song. ☉=coupletier=, _n.m._, song writer. =coupoir=, _n.m._, cutter (sharp instrument); blade; knife; (print.) lead-cutter; (foundry) dressing-bench. =coupole=, _n.f._, spherical vault; cupola. =coupon=, _n.m._, remnant; coupon, dividend warrant, cheque; (com.) part (of shares); (theat.) ticket. =coupure=, _n.f._, cutting; cut, slit, incision; suppression, erasion; (milit.) entrenchment, ditch behind a breach; (banking term) small note, bond, coupon. _J’ai une — au doigt_; I have a cut on my finger. =cour=, _n.f._, court (of a prince); court (of justice); love-suit, courtship; yard, court, courtyard. _Basse-—_; (_—s-—s_) back-yard, poultry-yard. _— d’entrée_; entrance-court, front-court. _— de derrière_; back-court. _— de récréation_; play-ground. _Les gens de la —_; courtiers. _Eau bénite de —_; empty promises. _C’est la — du roi Pétaud_; it is Bedlam broken loose. _Faire la — à une dame_; to court a lady. _Faire un doigt de —_; to show some attention to. _Mettre hors de —_; to nonsuit. =courable=, _adj._, (hunt.) that may be hunted. =courage=, _n.m._, courage, daring; spirit, mettle, fearlessness; fortitude, greatness of soul; heart, zeal; passion, temper. _Prendre —_; to be of good heart, to pluck up courage. _Manquer de —_; to be wanting in courage. _Perdre —_; to be discouraged. _Tenir_ or _prendre son — à deux mains_; to summon up all one’s courage. _Je n’ai pas le — de le lui refuser_; I have not the heart to refuse it him. _—!_ come! take courage! cheer up! =courageusement= (-jeûz-mān), _adv._, courageously, bravely, valiantly, gallantly, fearlessly, resolutely. =courageu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, courageous, daring, gallant, valiant, brave, fearless. =couramment= (koo-ra-mān), _adv._, fluently, readily, off-hand. _Il lit —_; he reads fluently. =courant=, =-e=, _adj._, current, running, present; ordinary; fair, middling (of goods); lineal (of measures). _Le mois —_; the present month. _Monnaie —e_; current coin. _Le prix —_; the current price. _Compte —_; account current. _Ecriture —e_; running-hand. =courant=, _n.m._, current, stream, tide; course, routine; present price; present month, instant. _Le — du marché_; the market price. _Le — des affaires_; the course of affairs. _Être au — des nouvelles_; to know the news of the day. _Tenir quelqu’un au — de_; (com.) to keep any one constantly advised of. _Se mettre au — de_; to acquaint one’s self with. _Fin —_; (com.) at the end of the present month. _En —_; cursorily, in haste. _Je vous tiendrai au —_; I’ll let you know; I’ll keep you informed. =courante=, _n.f._, courant (a kind of dance); running-hand (of writing); (l.ex.) looseness, relaxation. =courbage=, _n.m._, bending, curving. *=courbaril=, _n.m._, locust-tree. _Bois de —_; locust-wood. =courbatu=, =-e=, _adj._, (vet.) foundered; knocked up; stiff in the joints; (med.) affected with lumbago. _Je me sens tout —_; I feel stiff and bruised all over. =courbature=, _n.f._, (vet.) foundering, lameness; (med.) stiffness in the back and limbs, lumbago. =courbaturer=, _v.a._, to knock up; to make any one feel stiff all over. _Se —_; to knock oneself up; to get knocked up. =courbe=, _adj._, curved, bent, crooked. =courbe=, _n.f._, curve (nav., carp.) knee; (vet.) curb; turn (in a road). =courbement=, _n.m._, bending. ☉=courbément=, _adv._, curvedly, crookedly. =courber=, _v.a._, to bend, to warp, to make crooked, to curve, to incurvate; (tech.) to sag, to bow down, to weigh down. _Courbé de vieillesse_; bent with age. _Se tenir courbé_; to stoop. _se_ =courber=, _v.r._, to bend, to bow; to stoop; to bow down. =courber=, _v.n._, to bow, to bend. =courbet=, _n.m._, bill-hook; bow of a pack-saddle. =courbette=, _n.f._, (man.) curvet; cringing, bowing and scraping. _Il fait des —s_; he bows and scrapes and cringes. =courbetter=, _v.n._, (man.) to curvet. =courbure=, _n.f._, curve, curvature, bending, curvation, bend; (tech.) sagging. *=courcailler=, _v.n._, to cry like a quail. *=courcaillet=, _n.m._, cry of the quail; quail-pipe. =courcive=, _n.f._ _V._ =coursive=. =courçon=, _n.m._, (artil.) iron hoop, band. =coureau=, _n.m._, strait, channel; yawl. =courée=, _n.f._, _or_ =courai=, _n.m._, (nav.) stuff to pay a ship’s bottom, grading. =coureur=, _n.m._, runner, racer; courser, hunter; light-porter; running footman; groom; gadder; rambler, rover, stroller; inconstant lover; rake, libertine; (milit.) skirmisher; scout. _— de sermons_; sermon hunter. _— de nuit_; man who keeps late hours. _— de cachets_; visiting tutor, master. =coureuse=, _n.f._, gadder, street-walker. _— de cachets_; visiting or daily governess. =coure-vite= _or_ =court-vite=, _n.m._, (_—_) (orni.) courser. =courge=, _n.f._, gourd, pumpkin; yoke (to carry pails). _— à la moelle_; squash. =courir= (courant, couru), _v.n._, to run; to hasten; to hunt, to run after; to ramble, to gad abroad, to run about, to rove, to run up and down; to flow, to stream; to run on; to run along, to extend, to stretch; to prevail, to be prevalent, to be about, abroad; to go round; to be current, to circulate, to be reported; (nav.) to sail. _— à toutes jambes_; to run as fast as possible; at the top of one’s speed. _— à bride abattue_; to ride full gallop. _— après_; to run after. _Devancer en courant_; to outrun. _— çà et là_; to run about, up and down; to gad about. _L’année qui court_; the present year. _Au temps_, _par le temps_, _qui court_; as times go nowadays. _La monnaie qui court_; current money. _La mode qui court_; the prevailing fashion. _Le bruit court qu’il est mort_; there is a report that he is dead. _Il court bien des maladies_; there is much illness about. _— à l’autre bord_; (nav.) to stand upon the other tack. _— au large_; to stand off. _— à sa perte_; to hasten to one’s ruin. _— à l’hôpital_; to be ruining one’s self. _— aux armes_; to fly to arms. _— sur le marché de quelqu’un_; to outbid any one. _— à sa fin_; to draw to an end. _Faire — des bruits_; to spread reports. _Faire — une santé_; to make a toast go round. =courir=, _v.a._, to run after, to pursue; to travel over; to hunt; to frequent; to infest; to expose one’s self, to run, to take. _— les rues_; to run about the streets. _— la pretantaine_; to gad about. _— les bals_, _les théâtres_; to frequent balls, theatres. _— le pays_; to rove, to stroll about. _— le monde_; to travel. _Être fou à — les rues_ or _les champs_; to be as mad as a March hare. _— la poste_; to do a thing precipitately. _— sa vingtième année_; to be in one’s twentieth year. _— le plat pays_, _la mer_; to be a pirate. _— le même lièvre_; to be engaged in the same pursuit. _— même fortune_; to be in the same boat. =courlieu= _or_ =courlis=, _n.m._, (orni.) curlew. =couronne=, _n.f._, crown, coronet; wreath; (anat., arch., astron., conch., hort., hunt.) crown; crown (of the teeth); crown (a coin); (vet.) coronet; (fort.) crown work; (of paper) large foolscap; (of a lamp) chimney-holder. _— civique_; civic crown. _— d’épines_; crown of thorns. _La — du martyre_; the crown of martyrdom. _Décerner une —_; to award a wreath. _— impériale_; (bot.) crown-imperial. _— de pieu_; head of a stake. _— des blés_; rose-campion. _Domaine de la —_; crown-lands. _C’est le plus beau fleuron de sa —_; it is the brightest jewel in his crown. _Traiter de — à —_; to treat as from sovereign to sovereign. _— matrimoniale_; (hist. of Scotland) matrimonial crown. =couronné=, =-e=, _part._, crowned, capped; encompassed; (vet.) broken-kneed; (arch.). _Arbre —_; tree the top of which is withering. _Cheval —_; broken-kneed horse. =couronnement= (koo-ro-n-mān), _n.m._, crowning, coronation; completion; crowning, coping (of walls); cap (of blocks); (nav.) taffrail of a ship. =couronner=, _v.a._, to crown; to decree a crown; to award a prize; to wreath; (arch.) to cap. _— de fleurs_; to crown with flowers. _La fin couronne l’œuvre_; all’s well that ends well. _se_ =couronner=, _v.r._, to be crowned, to wear a crown; to begin to wither at the top (of trees); to be broken-kneed, to come down (of a horse). =couronnure=, _n.f._, crown (on a stag’s head). =courre=, _n.m._, (hunt.) starting-place; hunting _or_ coursing country. =courre=, _v.a._, (hunt.) to run; to hunt. _Laisser —_; to slip the hounds. =courrier=, _n.m._, courier, post, post-boy; messenger. _— de la malle_; mail-cart driver. _Jour de —_; post-day. _Par le — de ce jour_; by to-day’s post. _Par le retour du_ or _par retour de —_; by return of post. _L’heure du —_; post-time. _Faire son —_; to write one’s letters. _Lire_ or _dépouiller son —_; to read one’s letters. =courrière=, _n.f._, (l.u.) wanderer; forerunner, harbinger; messenger. =courroi=, _n.m._, roller, tenter (used by dyers). =courroie=, _n.f._, strap, thong; belt, band. _Allonger la —_; to make the most of one’s money. _Serrer la — à quelqu’un_; to curtail any one’s allowance. _Lâcher la —_; to give rein, to give rope. =courroucer=, _v.a._, to provoke to anger, to incense; to irritate. _Flots courroucés_; angry waves. _se_ =courroucer=, _v.r._, to become angry. =courroux=, _n.m._, wrath, anger, rage. _Être en —_; to be angry. =courroyage=, _n.m._, tentering. =courroyer=, _v.a._, to tenter, to stretch stuffs just dyed. =courroyeur=, _n.m._, one who stretches stuffs just dyed. =cours=, _n.m._, course, stream, current, running, vent, scope; public drive; vogue; currency (of coin); progress; continuation; term, space; lectures, course of lectures; (com.) market price; (nav.) voyage. _Donner un libre — à sa fureur_; to give full vent to one’s anger. _Le — du soleil est d’orient en occident_; the course of the sun is from east to west. _Ce bruit a eu —_; the rumor was current. _Donner — à_; to give currency to. _Salle de —_; lecture-room. _Faire un —_; to give a course of lectures. _Suivre un —_; to attend a course of lectures. _Ce jeune homme a fini ses —_; this young man has finished his studies. _— d’eau_; stream; watercourse. _— de ventre_; looseness of the bowels. _Avoir son —_; to take its course (of a disease). _— légal_; legal tender. _Dernier —_; closing price. _Premier —_; opening price. _Obtenir le —_; (com.) to command a price. _Voyage de long —_; ocean travel; voyage to foreign parts. =course=, _n.f._, race, running; run; career; tilt; coursing, hunting, chase; cruise, cruising, incursion, privateering; journey, walk; excursion, jaunt; round, call, errand; tour; fare; course; (nav.) cruise; length of the stroke (of a piece of machinery). _Il est léger à la —_; he is a swift runner. _Surpasser à la —_; to outrun. _— de bague_; running at the ring. _— de chevaux_; horse-race. _Champ de —_; race-course. _— au clocher_; steeple-chase. _Une — à pied_; a foot-race. _— de chars_; chariot-race. _— de haies_; hurdle-race. _Aller en —_; to go upon a cruise. _Vaisseau armé en —_; ship armed for cruising, privateer. _Être en —_; to be out. _Faire des —s_; to go on errands, to pay calls. _Faire une — à cheval_; to take a ride. _Faire une — à pied_; to walk out on foot. _Prendre un fiacre à la —_; to take a hackney coach by the drive. _Lutte à la —_; foot-match. =coursier=, _n.m._, charger, steed; (nav.) bow, bow-chase; float-board. =coursive=, _n.f._, (nav.) waist; passage; half-deck. =courson=, _n.m._, shoot cut down to three or four eyes; vine-shoot. =court=, =-e=, _adj._, short; scanty; brief, concise, curt, succinct; narrow; limited. _Être — d’argent_; to be short of money. _Avoir la vue —e_; to be near-sighted. _Il est revenu avec sa —e honte_; he came back unsuccessful. _Il veut la faire —e et bonne_; he wishes to have a short but a merry life. =court=, _n.m._, the shortest way. _Savoir le — et le long d’une affaire_; to know the long and the short of an affair. _Prendre le plus —_; to take the shortest way. =court=, _adv._, short. _S’arrêter tout —_; to stop short. _Tourner —_; to turn short. _Pour le faire —_; to be short. _Couper — à quelqu’un_; to cut any one short. _Demeurer tout —_; to stop short. _Tenir quelqu’un de —_; to keep anyone under. _Tout —_; only that, and no more. _À — de_; short of. =courtage=, _n.m._, (com.) business of a broker; brokerage, commission. _— de change_; bill-brokerage. _Faire le —_; to carry on the business of a broker. =courtaud=, =-e=, _adj._, thick-set, dumpy; docked, crop-eared (of dogs, horses). _Etriller quelqu’un en chien —_; to give any one a good licking. =courtaud=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, short, thick-set person. _— de boutique_; shop drudge, counter-jumper. [In the latter sense, _courtaud_ is not used in the feminine.] =courtauder=, _v.a._, to dock, to crop (horses, &c.). *=court-bouillon=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) a wine sauce to boil fish in. =court-bouton=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) peg (of a plow). =courte-botte=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) shrimp of a fellow. =courte-boule=, _n.f._, short bowls. =courte-haleine=, _n.f._, shortness of breath, asthma. =courtement=, _adv._, (l.u.) shortly, briefly. *=courte-paille=, _n.f._, cut (wisp of straw). _Tirer à la —_; to draw cuts, lots. =courtepointe=, _n.f._, counterpane, quilt. =courtepointier= (-tié), _n.m._, quilt-maker. =courter=, _v.a._, to buy and sell as a broker, to act as a commission agent. =courtier= (-tié), _n.m._, broker; agent. _— de change_; bill-broker, money-broker. _— non breveté_, _— marron_; unlicensed broker. _— maritime_; ship-broker. _— pour les denrées coloniales_; colonial broker. _— d’assurances_, _dictions_; insurance, share, broker. _— pour les sucres_; sugar-broker. _— de mariage_; matrimonial agent. _— electoral_; electioneering agent; canvasser. =courtière=, _n.f._, matrimonial agent, go-between. =courtil=, _n.m._, croft (small field). =courtilière=, _n.f._, mole-cricket. *=courtille=, _n.f._, tea-gardens. =courtine=, _n.f._, (fort.) curtain. =courtisan=, _n.m._, courtier. =courtisane=, _n.f._, courtesan. =courtisanerie=, _n.f._, court flattery; toadyism. =courtisanesque=, _adj._, courtier-like. =courtiser=, _v.a._, to court, to pay court to, to woo, to flatter. _— une femme_; to make love to a woman. =court-jointé=, =-e=, _adj._, (_—-—s_) short-jointed. =court-mancher=, _v.a._, (cook.) to skewer. =court-monté=, =-e=, _adj._, low-backed (of horses). =courtois=, =-e=, _adj._, courteous, polite, well-bred. _Armes —es_; blunt arms. =courtoisement= (-toaz-mān), _adv._, in a courteous manner, courteously. =courtoisie=, _n.f._, courteousness, courtesy, kindness, good turn. _à_ =courts jours=, _adv._, having a few days to run (of bills). _Lettre de change à —_; bill which has but a few days to run. =court-vêtu=, =-e=, _adj._, (_—-—s_) in short petticoats. =court-vite=, _n.m._, (_—_). _V._ =coure-vite=. =couscous=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) couscous (Arabian dish). =couseuse=, _n.f._, sewer, stitcher (of books). =cousin=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, cousin; friend, crony. _— germain_; first cousin, cousin german. _— au troisième degré_; third cousin. =cousin=, _n.m._, (ent.) gnat. =cousinage=, _n.m._, relationship of cousins, relation, kindred. =cousiner=, _v.a._, to call cousin. _se_ =cousiner=, _v.r._, to call one another cousin. =cousiner=, _v.n._, to spunge, to live on others, to be friends, cronies. =cousinerie= (koo-zi-n-rî), _n.f._, host of cousins. =cousinière=, _n.f._, gnat-veil, mosquito-net. =cousoir=, _n.m._, (book-bind.) sewing-press. =coussin=, _n.m._, cushion, hassock; pad; (min., surg.) bolster. _— de mire_; bed of a cannon. =coussinet=, _n.m._, small cushion; pad; iron wedge; (surg.) bolster; (arch.) cushion; (railways) chair; pillion (of saddles); (bot.) whortleberry; cranberry. =cousu=, =-e=, _part._, sewed, stitched; seamed; closed. _Ses finesses sont cousues de fil blanc_; his tricks are very shallow. _Bouche cousue_; mum’s the word. _Être — d’argent_; to be rolling in money. =coût=, _n.m._, (jur.) cost, charge; price, expense. =coûtant=, _adj._, of the cost. _Prix —_; prime cost. =couteau=, _n.m._, knife; ☉short sword, dagger. _— à découper_, _— à dépecer_; carving-knife. _A —x tirés_; at daggers drawn. _— pliant_; clasp-knife. _— à ressort_; spring-knife. _— à deux tranchants_; two-edged knife. _Planche à —x_; knife-board. _Donner un coup de — à quelqu’un_; to stab anyone with a knife. _Aiguiser ses —x_; to prepare for the engagement. _— poignard_; dagger-knife. _Ils en sont à —x tirés_; they are at daggers drawn. =coutelas= (koo-tlâ), _n.m._, cutlass. =coutelier=, _n.m._, cutler. =coutelière=, _n.f._, knife-case; cutler’s wife. =coutellerie= (koo-tèl-rî), _n.f._, cutler’s shop; cutlery, cutler’s ware. =coûter=, _v.n._, to cost; to stand in; to be expensive; to be painful, troublesome, mortifying; to be an effort, a trial. _Il lui en coûte beaucoup de dire cela_; it is very painful to him to say that. _L’argent ne lui coûte rien_; he knows not the value of money. _Que coûte-t-il de souhaiter?_ there is nothing so easy as wishing. _Tout lui coûte_; everything is an effort to him. _Coûte que coûte_; come what may, at any price. _Rien ne lui coûte_; he spares no trouble; he sticks at nothing. =coûter=, _v.a._, to cost. _Cela lui coûta la vie_; that cost her her life, or him his life. =coûteusement=, _adv._, expensively. =coûteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, expensive, costly. =coutier= (-tié), _n.m._, tick-maker. =coutil= (koo-ti), _n.m._, ticking, duck. _Fil de —_; drill. =coutre=, _n.m._, plow-share, coulter; (nav.) cutter. =coutrier=, _n.m._, subsoil-plow. =coutume=, _n.f._, custom; habit; practice, usage; ☉tax; collection of customs. _Selon ma —_; according to my custom. _Comme de —_; as usual. _Avoir — de_; to be accustomed to. _Une fois n’est pas —_; once does not constitute a habit; one swallow does not make a summer. =coutumi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, common, ordinary, customary; accustomed, used; wonted, habitual. _Pays —_; country governed by common law. _Il est — du fait_; it is not the first time he has done it; he is an old offender, an old hand. ☉=coutumier=, _n.m._, customary (book of common law). =couture=, _n.f._, seam; sewing, stitching; scar. _Rabattre les —s_; to flatten the seams. _Ils ont été battus à plate —_; they were beaten hollow. _— ouverte_; (nav.) open seam. =couturer=, _v.a._, to seam. _Il a le visage couturé_; his face is seamed, scarred. =couturier=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, (anat.) sartorious muscle; tailor’s muscle; sempster, sewer; ladies’ tailor. =couturière=, _n.f._, dressmaker, seamstress, needle-woman. =couvage=, _n.m._, brooding, sitting. =couvain=, _n.m._, eggs of bees, _or_ of bugs; breeding-cells, etc. =couvaison=, _n.f._, brooding-time, sitting. =couvée=, _n.f._, nest of eggs; brood, covey; (b.s.) generation, progeny. _D’une —_; at one brood. =couvent=, _n.m._, convent, monastery, nunnery. =couver=, _v.a._, to sit on, to hatch; to brood on, to incubate, to brood, to brew. _— quelqu’un des yeux_; to look tenderly at anyone; to devour with one’s eyes; to gloat over. _— de mauvais desseins_; to brew evil designs. _— une maladie_; to be sickening for an illness. _se_ =couver=, _v.r._, to brood, to sit, to lie hid, to hatch. =couver=, _v.n._, to brood, to sit, to lie hid; to lurk; to smolder; to prepare secretly. =couvercle=, _n.m._, cover, lid; (tech.) cap, shutter. =couverseau=, _n.m._, drum-cover (of a mill). =couvert=, _n.m._, dinner things; breakfast things; cover (plate, spoon, knife, and fork); case (containing a spoon, knife, and fork); shelter; covert, shady place, thicket; cover, wrapper. _Mettre le —_; to lay the cloth. _Ôter le —_; to remove the cloth, to clear the table. _Donner le — à quelqu’un_; to shelter anyone. _Table de dix —s_; table laid for ten. _Un — de plus_; another knife and fork. =couvert=, =-e=, _part._, covered; (fort.) covered, hid, hidden, secret; close, concealed; cloudy, overcast (of the weather); obscure, ambiguous (of words); clad, deep-colored (of wine). _— de plaies_; covered with sores. _Il est toujours ben —_; he is always well clothed. _Mots —s_; ambiguous words. _À mots —s_; in innuendoes. _Pays —_; woody country. _Chemin —_; (fort.) covert-way. _Lieu —_; shady place. _Temps —_; cloudy weather. _À —_; under cover; sheltered, secure. _Se mettre à —_; to shelter one’s self. _Être à —_; have good security, to be safe. =couverte=, _n.f._, glaze, glazing. ☉=couvertement=, _adv._, covertly, secretly. =couverture=, _n.f._, cover (of a book); wrapper; coverlet, counterpane, quilt, bed-clothes; blanketing; rug, cloak, blind; (com.) guaranty, security. _— de laine_; blanket. _— de cheval_; horse-cloth. _— piquée_; quilt. _— de selle_; saddle-cloth. _Faire la —_; to turn down the bed. =couverturier=, _n.m._, blanket-maker. =couvet=, _n.m._, earthenware foot-stove. =couveuse=, _n.f._, brooding-hen. =couvi=, _adj._, addle, addled. _Œuf —_; rotten egg. =couvoir=, _n.m._, incubator. =couvre-chef=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) covering for the head, headgear, head-dress, kerchief. =couvre-feu=, _n.m._, (_—_) curfew, curfew-bell; fire-cover, fire-plate. =couvre-lumière=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (artil.) apron. =couvre-pieds=, _n.m._, (_—_) foot-coverlet. =couvre-plat=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) dish-cover. =couvreur=, _n.m._, tiler, slater. _— en ardoise_; slater. _— en chaume_; thatcher. _— en tuiles_; tiler. =couvrir=, (couvrant couvert), _v.a._, to cover; to envelop; to wrap up; to muffle up; (com., milit.) to cover; (of horse) to serve, to leap; to excuse, to palliate; to defray (expenses); to overflow, to overspread; to overrun; to protect; to copulate; to cloak, to keep secret, to disguise. _— un toit_; to roof. _— de honte_; to load with shame. _— sa faute_; to palliate one’s fault. _Un bon général doit savoir — sa marche_; a good general should know how to conceal his march. _se_ =couvrir=, _v.r._, to cover oneself, to put on one’s hat, to be covered; to cover _or_ defend oneself; to conceal oneself; to get under cover; to be overcast (of the weather); to reimburse oneself. _Couvrez-vous_; put your hat on. _Le temps se couvre_; the weather is becoming overcast. =covenant= (kov-nān), _n.m._, covenant. =covenantaire=, _n.m._, covenanter. =covendeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, joint-vendor. =cowpox=, _n.m._, cow-pox. =coxal=, _adj._, (anat.) of the hip, coxal, iliac. =crabe=, _n.m._, crab. =crabier=, _n.m._, crab-eater. =crac=, _int._, creaking noise, crack, pop! _—! le voilà parti_; he was off in the twinkling of an eye! or before you could say Jack Robinson! _Monsieur de —_; Baron Munchausen. =crachat=, _n.m._, spittle, expectoration; slight materials (of buildings); star, grand cross. =crachement= (krash-mān), _n.m._, spitting. _— de sang_; spitting of blood. =craché=, =-e=, _part._ _adj._ _Tout —_, _toute —e_; the very image of; the dead spit of. =cracher=, _v.a._, to spit, to spit out, to utter, to come out with; to come down with, to fork out (money). _— du coton_; (pop.) to have a thirst on. =cracher=, _v.n._, to spit, to sputter (of speech, of pens). _— au bassin_; to contribute. _— au nez_, _au visage_, _de quelqu’un_; to spit in anyone’s face. _— en l’air_; to be hoist with one’s own petard. _C’est à — dessus_; it is a mean, despicable thing. =cracheu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, spitter. =crachoir=, _n.m._, spittoon. =crachotement=, _n.m._, frequent spitting. =crachoter=, _v.n._, to spit often. =craie=, _n.f._, chalk. _Marquer avec de la —_; to chalk. =craïer=, _n.m._, (nav.) pole-masted vessel. =craillement=, _n.m._, cawing (of crows). =crailler=, _v.n._, to caw. =craindre= (craignant, craint), _v.a._, to fear, to apprehend; to be afraid of, to dread, to stand in awe _or_ fear of; to be afraid; to dislike; to be unable to bear. _Il craint d’être découvert_; he is afraid of being discovered. _Il craint que sa femme ne meure_; he fears his wife will die. _Je ne crains pas de le dire_; I do not hesitate to say so. _Ces arbres craignent le froid_; these trees dread the cold. _Se faire — de quelqu’un_; to be held in dread by anyone. _À —_; to be feared; dangerous; to be avoided. =crainte=, _n.f._, fear, dread, awe, apprehension. _Retenir quelqu’un par la —_; to keep any one in awe. _Sans —_; fearlessly. _Avec —_; fearfully, in terror, in dread. _— de_, _de — de_; for fear of. _De — que_; for fear of; for fear that, lest. _De — d’être surpris_; for fear of being surprised. _De — qu’il ne le fasse_; lest he should do it. =crainti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, fearful, apprehensive, timid, timorous, cowardly. =craintivement=, _adv._, fearfully, timorously. *=cramailler=, _n.m._, (horl.) notch-wheel. =crambe= _or_ =crambé=, _n.m._, (bot.) colza, sea kale. =cramoisi=, _n.m._, crimson. =cramoisi=, =-e=, _adj._, crimson; red, scarlet. =crampe=, _n.f._, cramp; cramp-fish, numb-fish; (nav.) cramp-iron; hook of a block. _Avoir des —s d’estomac_; griping; cramping. _Tirer sa —_; (pop.) to bolt, to run away. =crampon=, _n.m._, (bot.) fulcrum, prop; (farriery) calkin; (hort.) climbing-spur; (mach.) click; cramp-iron, cramp-hook; hold-fast; grappling iron; brace. _— de fer à cheval_; frost-nails of a horseshoe. =cramponné=, =-e=, _part._, clinging to; (her.) having half a potence at both ends, cramponee; (farriery) with calkins. =cramponner=, _v.a._, to cramp, to fasten with a cramp-iron. _— un cheval_; to shoe a horse with frost-nails, calkins. _se_ =cramponner=, _v.r._, to cling, to hold fast, to fasten to anything; to cling like grim death to. =cramponnet=, _n.m._, little cramp-iron, tack, loop. _— de targette_; lock staple. =cran=, _n.m._, notch; cog; (bot.) scurvy-grass, cochlearia, horse-radish; (print.) nick; (vet.) notch, ridge. _D’un —_; by a notch. _Baisser d’un —_; to take a peg lower. _Monter d’un —_; to rise a peg higher. =crâne=, _n.m._, skull, brain-pan, cranium; (pop.) madcap, swaggerer, blusterer. _adj._, bold, brave; famous, capital, spicy. =crânement=, _adv._, swaggeringly; capitally, in style, famously, fearlessly, unblushingly. =crânerie= (crâ-n-rî), _n.f._, (pop.) swaggering, blustering, vaporing. =crangon=, _n.m._, shrimp. =craniologie= _or_ =cranologie=, _n.f._, craniology. =craniologique=, _adj._, craniological. =craniologiste=, _n.m._, craniologist. =craniomètre=, _n.m._, craniometer. =craniométrie=, _n.f._, craniometry. =craniométrique=, _adj._, craniometrical. =cranioscopie=, _n.f._, cranioscopy. =cranologie=, _n.f._ _V._ =craniologie=. =cranson=, _n.m._, scurvy-grass. _— rustique_; horse-radish. =crapaud=, _n.m._, toad; urchin, brat, fellow; low-seat chair; (artil.) mortar-carriage; (vet.) crepane, maltworm. _La bave d’un —_; toad-spittle. _C’est un vilain —_; he is a mean, despicable fellow. _Il est chargé d’argent comme un — de plumes_; all the money he has he can put in his eye. _— de gouvernail_; (nav.) goose-neck. _— de mer_; toad-fish; hog-fish. _— pécheur_; fishing frog. _— volant_; churn-owl. _— de timon_; pole-end (of a carriage). *=crapaudaille=, _n.f._, a gang of vagabonds, riff-raff. _V._ =crépodaille=. =crapaudière=, _n.f._, toad-hole; (fig.) low, swampy place. =crapaudine=, _n.f._, (min.) bufonite, toad-stone, wolf’s-tooth; leaden grating; valve of an escape pipe; (vet.) crepane, crack; (bot.) sideritis, iron-wort; (mec.) socket. _À la —_; cut open and broiled; spatch-cocked. =crapelet=, _n.m._, young toad; toadlet. =crapone=, _n.f._, (horl.) square flat file. =crapoussin=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, scrubby little man _or_ woman, dwarf, bloated little shrimp. =crapule=, _n.f._, low vulgar debauchery; intemperance; gluttony, drunkenness; low, debauched people; blackguards. =crapuler=, _v.n._, to live in vice, to fuddle or drink hard, to give one’s self up to all sorts of low debauchery. =crapuleusement=, _adv._, dissolutely. =crapuleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, drunken, intemperate, vulgar, debauched; grossly vicious, dissolute. =craque=, _n.f._, fib, humbug, fudge, bouncer. _int._, crack, bang. =craquelé=, =-e=, _adj._, crackled, fissured (of china). =craqueler=, _v.n._, to crack; to crackle (of china). =craquelin= (kra-klin), _n.m._, cracknel. =craquelot= (kra-klo), _n.m._, red-herring. =craqueloti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère= (kra-klo-tièr), _n.f._, herring-curer. =craquelure=, _n.f._, fissure, crack (in china). =craquement= (krak-mān), _n.m._, crack, cracking noise, crunching; crepitation, creaking, snapping (of trees, boughs). _Un — de dents_; a chattering of the teeth. =craquer=, _v.n._, to creak, to crunch, to crack, to crackle, to snap; to chatter (of the teeth); to tell a lie, to boast, to draw the long bow. _Faire — ses doigts_; to make one’s fingers snap. =craquerie=, _n.f._, cracking, boasting, drawing the long bow, fiction, story, fib, fudge. =craquètement=, _n.m._, crackling; gabbling (of the stork and other birds). =craqueter= (kra-kté), _v.n._, to crackle, to crepitate; to gabble (of some birds). _Le laurier craquète au feu_; laurel crackles in the fire. =craquette=, _n.f._, notch (of a tailor); scum (on melted butter). =craqueu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, noisy, boasting fellow; bouncer, braggart. =crase=, _n.f._, (gram.) crasis, contraction of two syllables into one; (med.) crasis. =crasiologie=, _n.f._, crasiology. =crassane=, _n.f._, cresane (a sort of pear). =crasse=, _n.f._, dirt, filth, scurf; squalor; niggardliness, stinginess; coat of filth, layer of dirt; rusticity, bad manners; (of coals) ashes, cinders. _— de la tête_; dandruff. _La — des métaux_; the dross, scum, scale, of metals. =crasse=, _adj._, gross, thick, coarse, crass. _Une ignorance —_; gross or crass ignorance. =crasser=, _v.a._, to foul, to dirty (of fire-arms). _se_ =crasser=, _v.r._, to become foul (of fire-arms). =crasseu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, dirty, filthy, nasty, squalid, rusty; sordid, stingy, mean. _Cheveux —_; greasy hair. =crasseu-x=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, sloven, slut; niggard, miser, skinflint. _Un —_; a filthy fellow. =crassule=, _n.f._, (bot.) crassula. =cratère=, _n.m._, (geol.) crater; (antiq.) bowl, cup; (astron.) Crater, Cup. =craticulation=, _n.f._, (paint.) squaring. =craticuler=, _v.a._, (paint.) to square. _V._ =graticuler=. =cratirites=, _n.f.pl._, wild Grecian figs. =craupécherot= _or_ =corbeau pêcheur=, _n.m._, (orni.) bald-buzzard, osprey, fishing-eagle. =cravache=, _n.f._, horsewhip, riding-whip. =cravan=, _n.m._, (orni.) brent-barnacle, brand-goose, brent. =cravate=, _n.f._, cravat, neck-tie, neckcloth, neckerchief; (of curtains) band. _— d’un drapeau_; knot of a flagstaff. _— longue_; scarf. =cravate=, _n.m._, Croat; Croatian horse. _Régiment de —s_; formerly regiment of light cavalry; regiment of Croats. _adj._, Croatian. _Cheval —_; Croatian horse. =cravater=, _v.a._, to put any one’s neck-tie on for him; to go round the neck; to fit. _se_ =cravater=, _v.r._, to put on one’s neck-tie. =crayère=, _n.f._, chalk-pit. =crayeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, chalky. =crayon=, _n.m._, chalk; pencil; pencil drawing, portrait in crayons; description of a person, manner, style; sketch, rough-draft, outline. _— noir_; blacklead-pencil. _— d’ardoise_; slate-pencil. _— de pastel_; pastel, crayon. _Affûter un —_, _donner une pointe à un —_; to point a pencil. _Au —_; in pencil. =crayonner=, _v.a._, to draw with a pencil; to sketch rudely or imperfectly; to sketch, to trace the outline, to chalk, to delineate; to paint badly. =crayonneur=, _n.m._, (b.s.) dauber. =crayonneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, chalky. =cré=, _adj._, abbreviation of _sacré_. =créadier=, _n.m._, sort of drag-net. =créance=, _n.f._, credence, credit, trust, belief; debt, money owing; influence; (hunt.) command. _Lettres de —_; letter of credence, credentials. _Lettre de —_; letter of credit. _Donner — à une chose_; to give credit to a thing. _Chien de bonne —_; dog well in hand. _Oiseau de peu de —_; (hawking) bird that will not come back to its master. =créanci-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, creditor; (jur.) covenantee, obligee. _— hypothécaire_; mortgagee. _— importun_; dun. =créat=, _n.m._, (man.) riding-master’s assistant. =créateur=, _n.m._, creator, maker. =créat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, creative, creating, inventive. _Il a le génie —_; he has an inventive genius. =créatine=, _n.f._, (chem.) creatine. =création=, _n.f._, creation; production; foundation; establishment. =créature=, _n.f._, creature; thing; dependant, tool. ☉=crébèbe=, _n.m._ _V._ =cubèbe=. =crécelle=, _n.f._, rattle. =crécerelle=, _n.f._, (orni.) kestrel, windhover. =crèche=, _n.f._, crèche, manger, crib; day-nursery; foundling-hospital; (arch.) starling. =crédence=, _n.f._, credence, credence-table; buttery, pantry, safe. =crédencier=, _n.m._, pantler, clerk of the buttery, buttery-keeper. =crédibilité=, _n.f._, credibility. =crédit=, _n.m._, credit; trust; authority, interest, influence, patronage, sway, power; repute, esteem, name, vogue, favor, request. _Lettre de —_; letter of credit. _Faire —_, _vendre_, _donner_, _à —_; to credit, to give trust, to give credit. _Ouvrir un — à quelqu’un_; to open an account with any one. _Il a bon —_; his credit is good. _Avoir — en banque_; to have funds in the bank. _Faire — de la main à la bourse_; to trust no farther than one can see. _— est mort_; old Trust is dead. _Cela l’a mis en —_; that brought him into repute. _Être en grand —_; to be in high repute. _À —_; on credit, on trust; to no purpose; gratuitously, without proof, without ground, at random. _Avoir du —_; to have influence. =créditer=, _v.a._, to trust; to enter upon the credit side (of an account), to credit. _Être crédité sur une ville_; to have letters of credit on a town. =créditeur=, _n.m._, creditor. =créditeur=, _adj._ _Compte —_; creditor’s account. =credo=, _n.m._, (_—_) creed, belief. =crédule=, _adj._, credulous, easy of belief. =crédulement=, _adv._, with credulity, credulously. =crédulité=, _n.f._, credulity. =créer=, _v.a._, to create; to invent; to imagine; to produce; to beget; to appoint; to establish. _— un chevalier_; to dub a knight. _— une rente_; to invest funds for an annuity. _Se — des moyens_; to find means. _Se — des ressources_; to find resources. *=crémaillère=, _n.f._, hook, pot-hanger, pot-hook; (horl.) rack; (tech.) rack, toothed rack. _La — d’une cric_; the rack of a screw-jack. _Chaise à —_; spring-back chair. _Pendre la —_; to give a house-warming. _Aller pendre la —_; to go to a house-warming. *=crémaillon=, _n.m._, small pot-hook. =crémaster=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, (anat.) cremaster. =crémation=, _n.f._, cremation. =crème=, _n.f._, cream; the best part of a thing, the cream. _— fouettée_; whipt cream. _Fromage à la —_; cream-cheese. _— de tartre_; cream of tartar. _Pot à —_; cream-jug. =crément=, _n.m._, (gram.) increase (of a word). =crémer=, _v.n._, to cream, to gather cream. =crémerie=, _n.f._, milk-shop, dairy. =crémeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, creamy. =crémi-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, milkman, milk-woman; dairy man or woman. _f._, cream-jug, milk-jug. *=crémillée=, _n.f._, ward (of a lock). =crémone=, _n.m._, a Cremona violin. =crémone=, _n.f._, window-fastening, spring. =crénage=, _n.m._, (letter-founding) kerning. =créné=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) crenated, indented. =créneau=, _n.m._, battlement; embrasure; loop-hole. =crénelage=, _n.m._, (coin.) milling. =crénelé=, =-e=, _part._ _adj._, (her.) embattled; loop-holed; indented, notched; (of wheels) cogged; (of coins) milled; (bot.) denticulated, crenated. =créneler= (kré-n-lé), _v.a._, to embattle; to loop-hole; to indent, to notch. _— une roue_; to tooth, to cog, a wheel. _— une pièce de monnaie_; to mill a piece of money. =crénelure= (kré-n-lur), _n.f._, crenelation; notching; (anat.) indentation; (bot.) crenature; crenel. =créner=, _v.a._, (type-founding) to kern. =crénerie=, _n.f._, (type-founding) kerning. =crénilabre=, _n.m._, (ich.) gold-finny. =crénom=, _int._, by George! by Jove! hang it! =crénon=, _n.m._, first splitting of a block of slate. =crénulé=, =-e=, _adj._, notched, indentated; crenulate. =crénure=, _n.f._, (print.) hole in the bar of a frame. =créole=, _n.m.f._, Creole; West Indian. =créosote=, _n.f._, (chem.) creosote. =crêpage=, _n.f._, glossing of crape; crisping. =crêpe=, _n.m._, crape; (fig.) vail. _Il porte un — à son chapeau_; he wears a crape hat-band. _— crêpé_; crisped crape. _— lisse_; smooth crape. =crêpe=, _n.f._, pancake. =crêper=, _v.a._, to crisp, to crape, to frizzle. _Cheveux crêpés_; frizzed hair. =crépi=, _n.m._, rough-cast, parget. _saint_-=crépin=, _n.m._, Saint Crispin; kit (of a journeyman shoemaker). _Perdre son saint-—_; to lose one’s all. =crépine=, _n.f._, fringe (woven on the top); caul covering the bowels of sheep. _À —_; fringy. =crépir=, _v.a._, to parget, to rough-cast, to plaster. _— le cuir_; to work leather in grain, to pummel a hide on the flesh side. _— le crin_; to crisp hair. =crépissage=, _n.m._, (mas.) plastering, pargeting, rough-casting. =crépissement=, _n.m._, pargeting, rough-casting; parget. =crépissure=, _n.f._, pargeting, rough-casting. =crépitant=, =-e=, _adj._, crepitating, crackling. =crépitation=, _n.f._, _or_ =crépitement=, _n.m._, crepitation, crackling. =crépodaille= _or_ =crapaudaille=, _n.f._, thin crape, gauze-crape. =crépon=, _n.m._, crepon, frizette, rouge-puff, hair-pad. =crépu=, =-e=, _adj._, crisped, frizzled, crisp, crispy, woolly. _Les nègres ont les cheveux —s_; negroes have woolly hair. =crépusculaire=, _adj._, crepuscular. _Lumière —_; twilight. =crépuscule=, _n.m._, crepuscule, twilight; dawn. _— du soir_; owl-light, twilight. =créque=, _n.f._, sloe. =créquier=, _n.m._, sloe tree. =cresane=, _n.f._ _V._ =crassane=. =crescendo=, _adv._, (mus.) crescendo. =créseau=, _n.m._, species of woolen stuff, kersey. =cresserelle=, _n.f._ _V._ =crécerelle=. =cresson=, _n.m._, cress, cresses, water-cress. _— alénois_, _de jardin_; dittander; garden-cress. _— doré_; golden saxifrage. _— des prés_; lady’s smock. _— sauvage_; water-plantain. _— de rivière_; water-rocket. =cressonnière=, _n.f._, cress-bed. =crésus=, _n.m._, (_—_) very rich man. _C’est un —_; he is a very Crœsus. =crétacé=, =-e=, _adj._, cretaceous. =crête=, _n.f._, crest, tuft, comb of a cock or hen; top-knot; (anat.) ridge; (arch.) ridge; top; bank; coping. _— de morue_; head-piece (of a cod). _Lever la —_; to be conceited; to hold one’s head high. _Baisser la —_; to come down a peg. _Rabaisser la — à quelqu’un_; to bring anyone down a peg. _— d’un fossé_; bank on the side of a ditch. _— d’une montagne_; ridge of a mountain. _— d’une grosse vague_; crest of a billow. _— marine_; samphire. _— de coq_; cock’s-comb; hog’s-ear shell. _Crête-de-coq_, (_—s-—_) louse-wort. =crêté=, =-e=, _adj._, crested, tufted. =crételer=, _v.n._, (of hens) to cackle. =crétin=, _n.m._, (med.) cretin; idiot, dunce. _C’est un —_; he is a dunce. =crétiniser=, _v.a._, to brutalize, to brutify, to make an idiot of. _se_ =crétiniser=, _v.r._, to become brutified; to become stupid. =crétinisme=, _n.m._, cretinism, idiocy. =crétique=, _adj._, cretic. =crétois=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Cretan. =cretonne=, _n.f._, fine linen, long-cloth, cretonne. =cretons=, _n.m.pl._, residuum of melted tallow and kitchen-stuff; graves. _— de lard_; scrapings. =creusage=, _n.m._, deepening, hollowing; plowing; digging. =creusement= (kreuz-mān), _n.m._, (l.u.) digging; excavation, hollowing, deepening. =creuser=, _v.a._, to dig, to delve; to hollow, to make hollow, to excavate, to scoop out; to sink, to deepen. _— la terre_; to dig the ground. _— un fossé_; to dig a ditch. _— un puits_; to sink a well. _— une question_; to examine a question thoroughly. _se_ =creuser=, _v.r._, to become hollow. _Se — le cerveau_; to rack one’s brain. =creuser=, _v.n._, to dig. _— sous terre_; to dig underground. _— bien avant_; to dig deep. =creuset=, _n.m._, crucible, melting-pot; (chem.) test, trial. _Passer par le —_; to assay, to refine. =creux=, _n.m._, hollow, cavity; pit, hole, chasm; gutter, delve; mold; mortar, trough; pit of the stomach. _— planté d’arbres_; dell planted with trees. _— profond dans une mine_; groove in a mine. _Le — de la main_; the hollow of the hand. _Il a un bon —_; he has a fine bass voice. _— d’un vaisseau_ (nav.); depth of a ship’s hold. _— d’une voile_; cavity of a sail (which retains the wind). =creu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, hollow, cavernous; deep; empty, unsubstantial, airy, fantastical, chimerical, extravagant. _Des yeux —_; eyes sunk in the head. _Avoir les joues —ses_; to have hollow cheeks. _Il a le ventre —_; his belly is empty. _Un fossé — de trois pieds_; a ditch three feet deep. _Esprit —_; _cerveau —_; cracked-brain, empty head. _Pensées —ses_; airy notions. _Viande —se_; frothy, unsubstantial food. _Songer —_; to be in a brown study. =crevaille=, _n.f._, guzzling, gormandizing, stuffing; tuck out, blow out. =crevaison=, _n.m._, puncture (bicycle). =crevasse=, _n.f._, crevice, chink, rift, crack; gap, cranny; (vet.) malt-worm, cratches. _Des —s aux mains_; chaps. =crevasser=, _v.a._, to split, to crack; to chap; to make cracks. _se_ =crevasser=, _v.r._, to crack, to split, to gape, to become chapped. =crevé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (l.ex.) very fat man; bloated fellow. _Petit —_; fast young fellow; one used up, done up. =crevé=, _n.m._, opening, slash (in sleeves). =crève-cœur=, _n.m._, (_—_) heart-break, heart-breaking thing, heart-sore; heart-rending thing. =crever=, _v.a._, to burst, to break, to split, to crack, to rift, to tear, to rend; to stave in; to cram any one with victuals. _— une botte_; to burst a boot. _— les yeux à quelqu’un_; to put out any one’s eyes. _— un cheval_; to kill a horse. _Cela vous crève les yeux_; that lies under your very nose (_i.e._, is obvious, self-evident). =crever=, _v.n._, to burst; to die, to perish. _C’est une médecine à faire — un cheval_; this medicine is enough to kill a horse. _— de graisse_; to be extremely fat. _— de chaud_; to be dying with heat. _— de rire_; to split one’s sides with laughing. _— de faim_; to be dying with hunger. _— d’orgueil_; to be bursting with pride. _— de biens_; to wallow in wealth. _se_ =crever=, _v.r._, to burst; to kill oneself. _Se — de boire et de manger_; to cram or stuff till one is ready to burst. _Se — de travail_; to overwork oneself. =crevet=, _n.m._, stay-lace with tags at both ends. =crevette=, _n.f._, prawn, shrimp. =cri=, _n.m._, cry; scream; screaming; roar, roaring; bawling, howling, yell, yelling, outcry, clamor; whine, whining; squeak, squeaking; opinion. _— de joie_, _— d’allégresse_; shout, shouting, hallooing, huzza, acclamation. _— aigre_, _aigu_, _perçant_; scream, shriek, squeak, shrill cry. _Les —s des femmes_; the squalling of women. _— de guerre_; watchword. _— d’armes_; (her.) motto. _Jeter un —_, _faire des —s_, _pousser un —_; to utter a cry, to cry out lustily; to raise an outcry; to complain loudly. _Demander à grands —s_; to demand with a loud voice. _Je poussai un grand —_; I shrieked out. _Jeter les hauts —s_; to cry out. _Le — de la nature_; the voice of nature. _Donner du — à la soie_; to sulphur silk. _À cor et à —s_; with hue and cry. _Il n’y a qu’un — sur son compte_; there is only one opinion about him. =criage=, _n.m._, public crying. *=criaillement=, _n.m._, act of wrangling; brawling; (of geese) gabbling. *=criailler=, _v.n._, to bawl, to brawl, to cry, to clamor; to scold, to chide; (of geese) to gabble. *=criaillerie=, _n.f._, brawling, clamoring, scolding, wrangling. *=criailleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, brawler, bawler, wrangler; shrew, scold. =criant=, =-e=, _adj._, crying; glaring, shocking, shameful; noisy. _Injustice —e_; crying, daring injustice. =criard=, =-e=, _adj._, crying, bawling, squalling, noisy; brawling, clamorous, scolding; (paint.) discordant; shrill. _Dettes —es_; dribbling or small debts. _Voix —e_; shrill voice. =criard=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, brawler, clamorer; scold, shrew. =criarde=, _n.f._, thick gummed cloth; varnished cloth. =criblage=, _n.m._, sifting. =crible=, _n.m._, sieve; riddle. _Percé comme un —_; as full of holes as a sieve; riddled. =cribler=, _v.a._, to sift, to riddle; to scan, to examine; to pepper (a person). _— de coups_; to shoot, run, or stab through and through. _Criblé de mitraille_; riddled with shot. _Criblé de dettes_; over head and ears in debt. =cribleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, sifter. =cribleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (anat.) pierced like a sieve, sieve-like. =criblier=, _n.m._, sieve-maker. =criblure=, _n.f._, siftings. =cribration=, _n.f._, (chem.) cribration. =cribriforme=, _adj._, cribriform. =cric= (krî), _n.m._, lifting-jack, screw-jack, hand-screw; little ratchet-wheel on which the braces of carriages are fixed. _— à baril_; tilting-jack. =cric-crac= (krik-krak), (_onomatopœia_) imitation of the creaking noise produced by breaking or tearing. =cricoïde=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (anat.) cricoid. =cri-cri=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (pop.) (ent.) cricket; (ornith.) bunting. =crid= (krid), _n.m._ _V._ =criss=. =criée=, _n.f._, proclamation of sale; auction. _Sa maison est en —_; his house is to be sold by auction. _Audience des —s_; auction mart. _À la —_; by auction. =crier=, _v.n._, to cry, to cry out, to halloo, to shout, to bawl; to scream, to shriek, to screech; to squall, to clamor; to squeak; to call out; to whine, to pule; to complain loudly, to brawl, to exclaim; to scold; to huzza, to talk loudly; to gabble (of geese); to screech (of owls); to troat (of deer); to chirp (of grasshoppers and other insects); to groan (of roe-bucks); to creak (of doors). _— aux armes_; to cry to arms. _— au secours_; to call out for help. _— au meurtre_; to cry out murder. _— au voleur_; to cry out thief. _— au feu_; to cry out fire. _— à l’injustice_; to exclaim against an injustice. _— au scandale_; to inveigh against a scandal. _— gare_; to cry out beware! take care. _— misère_; to plead poverty. _— miséricorde_; to cry for mercy. _— famine_; to cry out famine. _— à tue-tête_, _comme un perdu_; to cry out; to shriek at the top of one’s voice or as loud as one can. _— bien fort_; to cry out lustily. _Les boyaux lui crient_; his bowels rumble. _Il crie avant qu’on l’écorche_; he cries before he is hurt. _Tout le monde crie contre cela_; everybody cries out against it. =crier=, _v.a._, to proclaim; to cry; to hawk; to put up for sale; to publish, to blazon. _Cet enfant est perdu, il faut le faire —_; the child is lost, we must have him cried. _Faites — ce paquet de livres_; put up this lot of books. =crierie= (kri-rî), _n.f._, bawling, clamor; wrangling; scolding, brawling. =crieu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, bawling man or woman, squaller, bawler; crier; auctioneer; hawker. _— public_; town-crier. =crime=, _n.m._, crime; sin, transgression, offense, felony; guilt, guiltiness, wickedness, sinfulness. _— d’Etat_; treason. _— de lèse-majesté_; high treason. _— capital_; capital offense, crime; (jur.) felony. _— dénaturé_; unnatural crime. _— abominable_; base, foul crime. _— qualifié_; indictable offense. _Faire un — à quelqu’un de_; to impute as a crime to any one. _Être porté au —_; to be prone to crime. _Endurci dans le —_; hardened in crime. =criminaliser=, _v.a._, to remove a cause from a civil to a criminal court. =criminaliste=, _n.m._, writer on criminal law. =criminalité=, _n.f._, criminality. =criminel=, =-le=, _adj._, criminal, felonious, guilty, unlawful. _Juge —_; a judge that tries criminal cases. _Chambre —le_, _cour —le_; criminal court. =criminel=, _n.m._, =-le=, _n.f._, criminal, culprit, offender, felon. _m._, criminal affair, proceedings before a criminal court. _— d’état_; state criminal. _Au —_; in criminal matters, criminally. =criminellement= (-nèl-mān), _adv._, criminally, culpably, guiltily. =crin=, _n.m._, hair (of the mane and tail of the horse and other animals); horse-hair; abrupt termination of a metallic vein. _Un sommier_ or _matelas de —_; horse-hair mattress. _Se prendre aux —s_; to seize one another by the hair. _A tous —s_; with flowing mane and tail; (fig.) a zealous, indefatigable worker. =crinal=, _n.m._, (surg.) Anel’s probe. =crincrin=, _n.m._, (_onomatopœia_), screeching fiddle; scraper; scraping (of fiddles). =crinier=, _n.m._, horse-hair worker, chair stuffer. =crinière=, _n.f._, lion’s mane, horse’s mane. _Vilaine —_; ugly head of hair; shock. =crinoline=, _n.f._, crinoline. =crinon=, _n.m._, crinodes. (_pl._) =criocère= _or_ =porte-croix=, (_—_) _n.m._, (ent.) crioceris. =crique=, _n.f._, creek, cove; flaw, crack. =criquer=, _v.n._, to crack, to chink (of metals). =criquet=, _n.m._, bad horse, tit; little man; (ent.) gryllus, locust. =crise=, _n.f._, crisis; fit, convulsion. _L’affaire est dans sa —_; the matter is come to a crisis. _— de nerfs_; fit of hysteria. =crispation=, _n.f._, crispation, shriveling; thrilling sensation. _Donner des —s à quelqu’un_; to put any one on thorns. =crisper=, _v.a._, to shrivel, to contract, to make shrink; to thrill, to make thrill, to thrill through; to irritate (the nerves); to give any one the fidgets, to fidget. _se_ =crisper=, _v.r._, to shrivel, to shrivel up. =crispin=, _n.m._, valet (in Molière’s comedies). _C’est un —_; he looks like a valet. _Jouer les —s_; (thea.) to perform the parts of valets. =criss=, _n.m._, creese, Malay dagger. =crissement=, _n.m._, grating of the teeth. =crisser=, _v.n._, to grate (of the teeth). =cristal=, _n.m._, (_cristaux_) crystal. _pl._, crystal ware, cut glass dishes, _— de roche_; rock crystal. _— de mine_; quartz. _Le — de l’eau_; the limpidity of water. _Le Palais de —_; the Crystal Palace. =cristallerie= (-tèl-rî), _n.f._, glass-cutting; crystal manufactory; glass-house, glassworks. =cristallier=, _n.m._, glass-cutter. =cristallière=, _n.f._, crystal mine. =cristallin=, =-e=, _adj._, crystalline; pellucid. =cristallin=, _n.m._, (anat.) crystalline lens; (astron.) crystalline heaven. ☉=cristallin=, _n.m._, colored transparent crystals. =cristallisable=, _adj._, crystallizable. =cristallisant=, =-e=, _adj._, (chem.) crystallizing. =cristallisation=, _n.f._, crystallizing, crystallization. =cristalliser=, _v.a._ and _n._, to crystallize; to be converted into crystal. _— la soie_; to let the alum settle upon the silk. _se_ =cristalliser=, _v.r._, to crystallize; to candy. =cristallisoir=, _n.m._, crystallizing-pan, crystallizer. =cristallographie=, _n.f._, crystallography. =cristalloïde=, _n.f._, crystalloid membranous capsule containing the crystalline lens of the eye. =cristallotechnie= (-tèk-nî), _n.f._, art of crystallizing salts. =crístallotomíe=, _n.f._, the art of cutting crystals. =criste-marine=, _n.f._ _V._ =passe-pierre=. =criterium= (-om), _n.m._, criterion, standard, test; touchstone. _L’évidence est le — de la vérité_; evidence is the criterion of truth. =critiquable=, _adj._, that may be criticised, censurable; exceptionable. =critique=, _n.m._, critic; censurer, censorious person, carper. _— fâcheux_; fault-finder. =critique=, _n.f._, criticism, censure; science of criticism, critique; critical taste. _La —_; the critics. _Faire de la —_; to write criticisms. _Faire la — d’un ouvrage_; to criticise, to review, a work. =critique=, _adj._, critical; censorious, carping, censuring; alarming; ticklish; momentous. _Humeur —_; censorious temper. _Signes —s_; critical symptoms. _Pouls —_; alarming pulse. =critiquer=, _v.a._, to criticise, to examine; to censure, to reflect on, to blame, to find fault with. =critiqueur=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, criticiser, fault-finder, carper. =croassement= (kro-as-mān), _n.m._, croak, croaking, cawing (of crows). =croasser=, _v.n._, to croak, to caw (of crows). =croate=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, Croatian. =croc= (krô), _n.m._, hook; crook, grapnel, drag; fang, tusk; canine tooth; dog-tooth; tooth; (l.u.) curling moustache; (nav.) boat-hook. _— de batelier_; waterman’s pole. _— de candelette_; hook of the forecastle. _— à trois branches_; grapnel with three hooks. _— de capon_; cat-hook. _— de palan_; tackle-hook. _Mettre_, _pendre_, _au —_; to put, to lay, on the shelf, to lay by. _Mettre les armes au —_; to give up the army. _Moustaches en —_; curling moustache. =croc= (krock), _n.m._, crackling, crackling noise. _Faire — sous la dent_; to crackle under the teeth. =croc-en-jambe= (kro-kān-), _n.m._, (_—s-—_) trip up; Cornish hug; dirty trick. _Donner un — à quelqu’un_; to trip up anyone’s heels; to supplant anyone, to play anyone a dirty trick. =croche=, _adj._, crooked, bent. _Avoir la main —_; (fig.) to be grasping. =croche=, _n.f._, (mus.) quaver. _Double —_; semiquaver. _Triple —_; demi-semiquaver. _Quadruple —_; hemi-demi-semiquaver. _Chanter par —_; to semiquaver. =crocher=, _v.a._, to hook; to crook (card-teeth). _— l’organeau d’une ancre_; to fish up the anchor by the ring. _Se —_; to have a set-to; to come to blows. =crocher=, _v.n._, (agri.) to produce, to bear. _Les arbres crochent bien_; the trees are full of bearers. =croches=, _n.f.pl._, smith’s tongs. =crochet=, _n.m._, hook; steelyard; two-pronged hoe; turn (on a road); (surg.) key, crotchet; (erpetology) fang; (arch.) crocket; (anat.) dog-tooth, canine tooth; (dental surg.) wire; ☉heart-breaker (of curls). _pl._, fangs, tusks; crotchets; braces. _— d’une porte_; hasp, clasp. _Clou à —_; tenter-hook. _Des ouvrages au —_; crotchet-work. _Un — de diamants_; a crotchet of diamonds. _— de chiffonnier_; stick with a hook at the end, used by rag-gatherers. _Un — de serrurier_; a pick-lock. _— d’arbre_; bearer. _Broder au —_; to crochet. _— de porte-faix_; porter’s knot. _Être sur les —s de quelqu’un_; to live at another person’s expense. _Je suis ici sur mes —s_; I live here upon my own hook. _— d’armes_; (nav.) hooks to support the small arms in a cabin. _— de retraite_; eye-bolts in the train of a gun-carriage. _— de bittes_; hooks to fasten the cross-piece to the bits. _— d’épontilles_; hasps of the stanchions between decks. =crochetable=, _adj._, (of locks) pickable. =crochetage= (krosh-taj), _n.m._, porterage, lock-picking. =crocheter= (krosh-té), _v.a._, to pick a lock, to do crochet-work. _se_ =crocheter=, _v.r._, (pop.) to fight (like blackguards). =crocheteur=, _n.m._, porter, street-porter. _Injures de —_; billingsgate abuse. _— de serrure_; picklock, housebreaker. =crochetier= (-tié), _n.m._, hook-maker, clasp-maker; maker of porters’ knots. =crocheton=, _n.m._, small hooks; crotchets. =crocheu=, _n.m._, a tool to bend card-teeth,. =crochu=, =-e=, _adj._, crooked, hooked. _Il a les mains —es_; he is light-fingered. =crocodile=, _n.m._, crocodile. _— d’Amérique_; American crocodile, alligator. _Larmes de —_; hypocritical tears. =crocodiléen=, _n.m._, crocodilian. =crocus= (-kus), _n.m._, crocus, saffron. =croiler= _or_ =croler=, _v.n._, (hawking) to scour. =croire= (croyant, cru), _v.a._, to believe, to credit, to give credit to; to have faith in, to trust to, to place reliance on; to be advised, persuaded; to think; to deem; to presume, to be of opinion. _Je le crois bien_; I really believe it. _Je n’en crois rien_; I don’t believe a word of it. _Il le croit bonnement_; he fairly believes it. _Il ne croit point_; he has no belief. _— une chose trop légèrement_; to believe something too easily. _— conseil_; to be advised. _À l’en croire, tout est perdu_; if he is to be believed, all is lost. _J’en crois à peine mes yeux_; I can hardly believe my eyes. _S’il faut en — les apparences_; if appearances are to be trusted. _Je crois pouvoir le faire_; I think I can do it. _Croyez-vous qu’il le fasse?_ do you think he will do it? _Je crois qu’il le fera_; I think he will do it. _Croyez-vous qu’il le fera?_ do you think he will do it? _Je ne le crois pas_; I do not think he will. _Il est à — qu’il le veut ainsi_; it is to be presumed that he will have it so. =croire=, _v.n._, to believe, to have faith in, to be a believer; to trust; to credit; to be of opinion; to think; to consider. _— en Dieu_; to believe in God. _— aux revenants_; to believe in ghosts. _— aux miracles_; to believe in miracles. _Je crois bien_; I should think so! no wonder! _Je crois que non_; I believe not. _C’est à ne pas y —_; it is past belief. _se_ =croire=, _v.r._, to think or believe one’s self, to consider one’s self; to be believed, to be credible. _Cet homme se croit habile_; that man thinks himself skillful. _Cela peut se —_; it is credible. _Il s’en croit beaucoup_; he thinks a great deal of himself. _Il se croit tout permis_; he thinks he may do anything. =croisade=, _n.f._, crusade; (astron.) Southern Cross, Crosier. =croisé=, =-e=, _part._, crossed; cross (of the breeds of animals); twilled, double-milled (of cloth); (min.) promiscuous. _Serge —e_; kersey. _Demeurer_, _se tenir_, _les bras —s_; to sit with folded arms, to do nothing. _Avoir les jambes —es_; to sit cross-legged. _Feux —s_; cross fire. _Rimes —s_; alternate rhymes. =croisé=, _n.m._, Crusader; twill; crossing (a step in dancing). _Chassé —_; (fig.) change of places. =croisée=, _n.f._, window; casement, sash; (arch.) cross-aisle, transept; (print.) cross. _— cintrée_; arched window. _—s d’ogives_; pointed arches. _— de l’ancre_; cross of the anchor. =croisement= (croaz-mān), _n.m._, act of crossing; crossing; cross-breeding (of animals). =croiser=, _v.a._, to cross, to lay across or cross-wise, to set across, to cross out, to strike out, to efface; to thwart; to cross (breeds of animals). _— quelqu’un_; to cross one in his designs. _Des races croisées_; mixed breeds. _Je l’ai croisé dans la rue_; I passed him in the street. =croiser=, _v.n._, to lap over; to cruise. _— sur une côte_; to cruise along a coast. _se_ =croiser=, _v.r._, to cross each other, to be crossed, to lie athwart each other; to intersect each other; to thwart one another; to take up the cross, to engage in the holy war. _Ces deux courriers se sont croisés_; these two messengers passed each other on the way. =croisette=, _n.f._, crosswort; (her.) cresslet; (nav.) pin or bolt used as a fid to a flag-staff. _— noire_, _grosse —_; (bot.) cheese-rennet, ladies’ bed-straw. =croiseur=, _n.m._, cruiser. =croisière=, _n.f._, (nav.) cruise, cruising squadron; cruising latitude; sort of tool to mark sea-biscuit; (railways) intersection of two lines, siding. *=croisille=, _n.f._, cross-piece. *=croisillon=, _n.m._, cross-bar; sash-bar. =croissance=, _n.f._, growth, increase; vegetation. _— entière_; full growth. _Arrêter dans sa —_; to stunt the growth of. _Avoir pris toute sa —_; to be full-grown. =croissant=, _n.m._, crescent, the moon in her increase; short bout (of a violin); pruning-hook; hedge-bill, hedging-bill; (ich.) moon-fish; curtain-pin (in the form of a crescent). _En —_; lunated. _Les cornes du —_; the horns of the crescent. _L’empire du —_; the Crescent. _— de cheminée_; chimney-hook. _— de pic_ or _de gui_; (nav.) throat _or_ jaw of the gaff. =croissant=, =-e=, _adj._, growing, increasing. =croisure=, _n.f._, the length of the yards (of a ship); coat-staves; crossing, mill (in stuffs); (poet.) intermixture, mingling. =croît=, _n.m._, increase (from breeding); growth. =croître= (croissant, crû), _v.n._, to grow, to wax, to grow up, to grow tall, to spring up; to augment, to increase; to lengthen; to swell _or_ swell out, to be swollen; to multiply, to be multiplied _or_ increased; to be grown; to sprout, to shoot. _— trop rapidement_; to outgrow, to overgrow. _Les jours commencent à —_; the days begin to lengthen, to draw out. _Elle ne fait que — et embellir_; she grows handsomer every day. =croix=, _n.f._, cross mark; rood; affliction, trouble, tribulation; star; (coin.) cross; (print.) dagger; (her.) cross. _Sainte —_; holy rood. _Les bras d’une —_; the bars of a cross. _Mettre quelque chose en —_; to put a thing cross-wise. _Avoir les jambes en —_; to sit cross-legged. _Faire le signe de la —_; to cross one’s self. _On est allé au-devant de lui avec la — et la bannière_; they went to meet him with cross and banner, with great ceremony. _Il faut faire une — à la cheminée_; we must make a cross on the chimney, we must score that up. _Jouer à — et à pile_; to play at head and tail, at pitch and toss. _— de par Dieu_, _de Jésus_; cross-row, criss-cross-row, primer, horn-book, alphabet. _— de Saint André_ or _de Bourgogne_; St. Andrew’s-cross, saltier (her.). _— de Saint Antoine_; St. Anthony’s-cross. _— de Lorraine_; cross with two bars. Grand-—; knight grand-cross. _Croix de chevalier_; (bot.) caltrops, tribulus. _— de Jérusalem_; (bot.) lychnis Chalcedonica. _— sur les câbles_; (nav.) cross in the hawse. _Mettre les vergues en —_; to square the yards. _— du Sud_, _— australe_ (astron.); Southern Cross, Crosier. =cromlech=, _n.m._, (_—s_) cromlech. =cromorne=, _n.f._, (mus.) krumhorn, cremona. =crône=, _n.m._, (nav.) wheel-crane (on a wharf). =croquade=, _n.f._, (paint.) rough sketch. =croquant=, _n.m._, poor wretch, fellow; countryman; gristle. _pl._, name given to French peasants who rebelled under Henri IV and Louis XIII. =croquant=, =-e=, _adj._, crisp, crackling, short, craunching. _Biscuit —_; hard biscuit. _Caractère —_; crispness. =croquante=, _n.f._, crisp-tart; almond-cake. _à la_ =croque-au-sel=, _adv._, with salt only; (fig.) as easily as possible. =croque-abeilles=, _n.m._, titmouse. =croque en bouche=, _n.m._, crisp sweetmeat; crisp cake. ☉=croque-lardon=, _n.m.f._, (_—-—s_) lick-spittle; (l.ex.) lick-dish, spunger; dinner-hunter. =croque-mitaine=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) old bogey, black bogey, bugbear. =croque-mort=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) undertaker’s man. =croque-note=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) sorry musician, scraper, strummer, crochet-monger. =croquer=, _v.n._, to crackle between the teeth, to craunch, to scrunch. _Être gentil à —_; to be as pretty as you like. =croquer=, _v.a._, to craunch; to devour, to eat hastily; to make the first sketch or rough draught of a drawing or picture, to sketch; to filch, to pilfer; (nav.) to hook or grapple anything. _Il n’a fait que — ce poème_; he has only written a sketch of the poem. _— le marmot_; to dance attendance. =croque-sol=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_). _V._ =croque-note=. =croquet=, _n.m._, crisp biscuit. =croquette=, _n.f._, (cook.) croquette. =croqueur=, _n.m._, devourer, gormandizer, glutton; (l.ex.) greedy-gut, greedy-guts. *=croquignole=, _n.f._, fillip; cracknel. *=croquignoler=, _v.a._, to fillip. =croquis=, _n.m._, (paint.) rough draft, outline, sketch. _Cahier de —_; sketch-book. _Faire le — d’une figure_; to sketch a figure. =crosse=, _n.f._, (of bishops) crosier; (of muskets) but-end; bat (to play with); cricket (game). _Jouer à la —_; to play at cricket. =crossé=, =-e=, _adj._, crosiered. _Un abbé — et mitré_; a crosiered and mitred abbot. =crosser=, _v.a._, to beat; to scold, to treat any one with contempt; to strike a ball with a bat. =crosser=, _v.n._, to play at cricket; to bat. =crossette=, _n.f._, (agri.) layer; (arch.) return, ear, elbow, ancone. =crosseur=, _n.m._, cricket-player, cricketer, hockey-player. *=crossillon=, _n.m._, the curled end of the crosier. =crotale=, _n.m._, (antiq.) crotalum; (zoöl.) rattle-snake. =crotaphite=, _adj._, _n.m._, (anat.) crotaphite. =crotte=, _n.f._, dirt, mud, mire; dung. _Il fait bien de la —_; it is very dirty. _Être dans la —_; to be in a state of squalid misery. _—s de brebis_; treadles of sheep. _—s de lapins_; crotels of a rabbit. _— de renard_; scumber. =crotté=, =-e=, _part._, dirty, muddy, squalid; wretched, sorry. _— comme un barbet_; as dirty as a pig. _Un poète —_; a paltry poet. _Il fait bien — dans les rues_; the streets are very dirty. _— jusqu’à l’échine_; with mud up to the eyes; draggle-tailed. =crotter=, _v.a._, to dirt, to dirty, to bemire; to daggle, to draggle, to bedraggle; to splash, to spatter, to bespatter. _Se —_; to dirty one’s self; to get dirty; to draggle. =crottin=, _n.m._, dung (of horses, sheep, etc.). =crou=, _n.m._, (geol.) sandy, clayey soil. =crouchaut=, _n.m._, crotch, floor-timbers of a boat or ship. =croulant=, =-e=, _adj._, sinking, crumbling, ready to fall, tottering; tumbledown. =croulement= (krool-mān), _n.m._, sinking, falling in or down (of a building); ruin. =crouler=, _v.n._, to sink, to give way, to fall, to fall in, to crumble, to ruin; to go to ruin. =crouler=, _v.a._, (nav.) to launch; (hunt.) to wag (said of stags when they are frightened). _Le cerf croule la queue_; the stag wags his tail. ☉_se_ =crouler=, _v.r._, to fail in an enterprise; (fig.) to sink. =crouli-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, quaggy, boggy, swampy, moving, shifting (of land). =croup= (kroop), _n.m._, (med.) croup. =croupade=, _n.f._, (man.) croupade. =croupal=, =-e=, _adj._, pertaining to the croup; croupal. =croupe=, _n.f._, croup, crupper, the buttocks (of a horse), rump; top _or_ brow of a hill; (arch.) hip-roof; body (of an edifice). _Cheval à — de mulet_; narrow-rumped horse. _Être_, _aller_, _monter_, _en —_; to ride behind another. _— d’église_; half-cylinder roof. _En —_; behind. =croupé=, =-e=, _adj._, with a rump, crupper. _Cheval bien —_; horse with a fine crupper. ☉_à_ =croupeton=, _adv._, squatting. =croupi=, =-e=, _adj._, stagnant, putrid, ditch (water). _De l’eau —e_; stagnant water, ditch-water. =croupiader=, _v.n._, to cast anchor by the stern-cable. =croupier=, _n.m._, croupier (at a gaming-table); partner (of a gambler). =croupière=, _n.f._, saddle-tie, crupper; (nav.) stern-cable, stern-fast. _Tailler des —s à quelqu’un_; to cut out work for anyone; (milit.) to put to flight. _Mouiller en —_; to cast anchor by the stern. =croupion=, _n.m._, rump. _Parlement —_; the Rump Parliament. =croupir=, _v.n._, to stagnate; to lie, to wallow, to be sunk in. _— dans le vice_; to wallow in sin. _— dans l’oisiveté_; in idleness. =croupissant=, =-e=, _adj._, standing, stagnating, putrescent. =croupissement=, _n.m._, standing still, stagnation, putrefaction. =croupon=, _n.m._, square hide, butt. =croustade=, _n.f._, dish prepared with crusts. =croustillant=, =-e=, _adj._, crisp, crusty. *=croustille=, _n.f._, little crust, crust. *=croustiller=, _v.n._, to bite, eat, or gnaw a crust, to munch. *=croustilleusement=, _adv._, (fam., l.u.) comically, with mirth, pleasantly; smuttily. *=croustilleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (fam., l.u.) droll, funny; smutty. _Des contes —x_; smutty tales. =croûte=, _n.f._, crust; cake; coarse painting, daub; (med.) scab, scurf. _La — de dessous_; the under-crust. _Casser une — avec quelqu’un_; to take a crust with any one. _Ne manger que des —s_; to fare badly. =croûté=, =-e=, _adj._, crusted, caked, crusty. =croûtelette= (kroo-tlèt), _n.f._, little crust. _se_ =croûter=, _v.r._, to cake, to crust. =croûtier= (-tīé), _n.m._, picture-broker, dealer in daubs _or_ coarse paintings; dauber. =croûton=, _n.m._, small crust; wretched dauber; (cook.) sippet. =croyable=, _adj._, credible, believable, to be believed _or_ credited; like, likely; reliable. _Cela n’est pas —_; that is not likely. =croyance=, _n.f._, belief, creed, faith, persuasion; opinion; trust, credit. _Fausse —_; misbelief. _La — des chrétiens_; the belief of the Christians. _La — des juifs_; the Jewish creed. _Cela passe toute —_; that surpasses all belief. =croyant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, believer. _Les vrais —s_; true believers. =cru=, _n.m._, growth; invention; making, fabrication. _Boire du vin de son —_; to drink wine of one’s own growth. _Vin du —_; wine of the country. _Des fruits d’un bon —_; fruit of a good soil. _Cela n’est pas de son —_; that thing is not of his own invention. =cru=, =-e=, _adj._, raw, crude, uncooked; indigestible; unwrought, hard, blunt, harsh, coarse, rough; indecent, smutty, obscene, bawdy; undigested, unconcocted; stiff. _Tout —_; quite raw. _Cuir —_; undressed leather. _Soie —e_; raw silk. _Métal —_; raw metal, ore. _Eau —e_; hard water. _Couleur —e_; stiff color. _Une lumière —e_; a hard light. _à_ =cru=, _adv._, on the bare skin, next the skin. _Botté_ or _chaussé à —_; wearing boots without stockings. _Monter à cheval à —_; to ride a horse bare-backed. =cruauté=, _n.f._, cruelty, hardship. _User de —_; to be guilty of cruelty. =cruche=, _n.f._, pitcher, jar, jug; stupid person, blockhead, booby, lout, dolt. _Tant va la — à l’eau qu’à la fin elle se casse_; the pitcher goes to the well once too often. =cruchée=, _n.f._, pitcherful, jugful, jarful. =crucherie=, _n.f._, (fam.) stupidity, silliness. _Vous ne dites que des —s_; you only talk utter nonsense. =cruchette=, _n.f._ _V._ =cruchon=. =cruchon=, _n.m._, little pitcher. =crucial=, =-e=, _adj._, crucial, cross-like. =crucifère=, _n.f._ and _adj._, (bot.) cruciferous plant; cruciferous. _pl._, cruciferæ. =crucifiement= _or_ =crucifîment= (-mān), _n.m._, crucifixion. =crucifier=, _v.a._, to crucify. =crucifix= (-fi), _n.m._, crucifix, cross. _Mangeur de —_; great bigot. _Galerie du —_; rood-loft. _Faire le demi —_; (pop.) to beg. =crucifixion=, _n.f._, crucifixion. =cruciforme=, _adj._, cross-shaped, cross-like, cruciform. =crudité=, _n.f._, crudity, crudeness, rawness; coarse expression; offensive, harsh words; (paint.) stiffness, crudeness; (of water) hardness. =crue=, _n.f._, rise, swelling; growth, growing; increase, flood, inundation. _La — des eaux_; the swelling of the waters. _— de mer_; surge of the sea. _Cet arbre a pris toute sa —_; that tree has attained its full growth. =cruel=, =-le=, _adj._, cruel, merciless, pitiless, ruthless, hard-hearted; relentless, remorseless; sanguinary, murderous, bloodthirsty; hard, inflexible, flinty; grievous, sad, tormenting. _Il fait le —_; he acts a cruel part. _Elle n’est pas —le_; she is not hard-hearted. =cruel=, _n.m._, =-le=, _n.f._, cruel one. =cruellement= (-èl-mān), _adv._, cruelly, barbarously; unmercifully, mercilessly, pitilessly, ruthlessly, grievously, severely, sorely. ☉=cruentation=, _n.f._, (med.) cruentation. =crûment=, _adv._, bluntly, coarsely, roughly, inconsiderately, crudely. =cruor=, _n.m._, (physiology) cruor. =crural=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) crural. =crustacé=, =-e=, _adj._, crustaceous. =crustacé=, _n.m._, crustacean. =cruzade=, _n.f._, cruzado, cruzade (Portuguese coin). =crypte=, _n.f._, crypt. _n.m._, (bot., anat.) crypt. =cryptogame=, _n.f._, (bot.) aphrodite, cryptogam. =cryptogame=, _adj._, (bot.) cryptogamous. =cryptogamie=, _n.f._, (bot.) cryptogamia. =cryptographie=, _n.f._, cryptography. =cryptographique=, _adj._, cryptographical. =crypto-portique=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (arch.) cryptoporticus. =crystal=. _V._ =cristal=. =c-sol-ut=, _n.m._, (mus.) C. _Cet air est en —_; this tune is in C. =ct= (ab. of =courant=), inst. (instant). =cᵗᵉ= (ab. of =comte=), earl. =cᵗᵉˢˢᵉ= (ab. of =comtesse=), countess. =cu=, _n.m._, (very l.ex.) _V._ =cul=. =cubage=, _n.m._, _or_ =cubature=, _n.f._, cubature. =cubation=, _n.f._, cubature. =cube=, _n.m._, (geom., arith.) cube. _Le — de deux est huit_; the cube of 2 is 8. =cube=, _adj._, (arith., geom.) cubic. =cubèbe=, _n.m._, cubeba. =cuber=, _v.a._, (geom., arith.) to cube. =cubilot=, _n.m._, (metal.) cupola. =cubique=, _adj._, (arith., geom.) cubic, cubical. _Racine —_; cube root. =cubital=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) cubital, ulnar. =cubitus= (-tus), _n.m._, (anat.) cubitus. =cuboïde=, _n.m._, (anat.) cuboid. =cucubale=, _n.m._, (bot.) cucubalus, berry-bearing campion. =cucuje=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) corn-beetle, luminous-beetle. =cucurbitacé=, =-e=, _adj._, cucurbitaceous. =cucurbitacée=, _n.f._, (bot.) cucurbitaceous plant. _pl._, cucurbitaceæ. =cucurbite=, _n.f._, (chem.) cucurbit. =cueillage= (keu-iaj), _n.m._, act of gathering, picking. *=cueille= (keu), _n.f._, (agri.) gathering of fruit; (nav.) width of sail-cloth. *=cueillette= (keu-iet), _n.f._, gathering; crop; nutting (fruit); (nav.) mixed cargo; collection of money for the poor. *=cueilleu-r= (keu-ieur), _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, gatherer. *=cueillir= (keu-), (cueillant, cueilli, je cueille), _v.a._, to cull, to pick, to pluck; to gather; to take up; (nav.) to coil. _— des fleurs_; to pluck flowers. _— des lauriers_; to gather laurels. *=cueilloir= (keu-), _n.m._, fruit-basket. =cuider=, _n.m._, fruit-basket. =cuiller= _or_ =cuillère= (ku-lièr), _n.f._, spoon. _— à soupe_; soup-ladle. _— à café_; tea-spoon. _— à bouche_; table-spoon. _— à dessert_; dessert-spoon. _— à ragoût_; gravy-ladle. _Elever à la —_; to bring up by hand. *=cuillerée= (ku-), _n.f._, spoonful, ladleful. _Grande —_ or _— à bouche_; tablespoonful. _Petite —_ or _— à café_; teaspoonful. *=cuilleriste=, _n.m._, spoon maker. *=cuilleron=, _n.m._, bowl of a spoon. =cuir=, _n.m._, hide, skin, leather; strop; slip of the tongue, _i.e._, pronouncing _s_ for _t_, and vice versa, at the end of words, or using these letters unnecessarily; as: _Il est sorti zhier, j’étaità la campagne_, for _Il est sorti hier, j’étais à la campagne_. _—s bruts_; raw hides. _—s apprêtés_; dressed hides. _— à rasoir_ or _à repasser_; razor-strop. _Faire du — d’autrui large courroie_; to make free with other people’s money. _Tanner le — à quelqu’un_; to give any one a hiding. _Pester entre — et chair_; to fume inwardly. _Faire des —s en parlant_; to pronounce final _s_ instead of final _t_, and vice versa; or to sound _s_ or _t_ when there is none at the end of words, _i.e._: to drop one’s _h_’s. _— de Russie_; Russian leather. =cuirasse=, _n.f._, cuirass, breast-plate, armor-plate, shell. _— à l’épreuve du mousquet_; ball-proof cuirass. _Le défaut de la —_; the extremity of or break in the armor, vulnerable part. _On lui a trouvé le défaut de la —_; we have found his weak side. _Endosser la —_; to turn soldier. =cuirassé=, =-e=, _adj._, armed with a cuirass, armor-plated, iron-cased; ready armed; hardened; secret, close. _Il est —_; he is prepared for anything, he is incapable of feeling remorse. _Vaisseau —_; iron-clad ship, iron-clad. =cuirassement=, _n.m._, armor-plating. =cuirasser=, _v.a._, to arm with a cuirass; to iron-plate (nav.); to steel, to harden, to season. _se_ =cuirasser=, _v.r._, to put on a cuirass; to harden _or_ fortify one’s self. =cuirassier=, _n.m._, cuirassier. =cuire= (cuisant, cuit), _v.a._, to cook, to do; to boil; to bake; to roast; to broil, to grill; to dress, to prepare; to stew; to burn (of the sun); to ripen; (physiology) to concoct, to digest. _— la viande_; to do the meat. _— trop_; to overdo. _— des briques_; to burn bricks. _— à l’eau_; to boil. _Faire — des œufs_; to boil eggs. =cuire=, _v.n._, to be cooked, to be done; to be burned; to bake; to broil; to boil; to smart, to burn. _La main me cuit_; my hand smarts. _Vous viendrez — à mon four_; you will want me some day, and then I shall be even with you. _Il vous en cuira_; you shall smart for it. =cuirer=, _v.a._, to cover in leather. =cuisage=, _n.m._, burning; charring. =cuisant=, =-e=, _adj._, easy to cook; sharp, smarting; piercing, exquisite; severe; poignant. _Douleur —e_; violent pain. =cuisier=, _n.m._, brick-burner. =cuisine=, _n.f._, kitchen; cookery; the cooks; spice-box; fare, living; (nav.) cuddy, caboose, galley. _— bourgeoise_; plain living; homely fare. _Graisses de —_; kitchen stuff. _Être chargé de —_; to be monstrously fat. _Faire la —_; to cook, to dress victuals. _Chef de —_; master-cook. _Aide de —_; under-cook. _Fille de —_; kitchen-maid. =cuisiner=, _v.n._, to cook, to dress victuals. =cuisinier=, _n.m._, cook, man-cook. =cuisinière=, _n.f._, cook, woman-cook; Dutch oven, meat-screen. =cuissard=, _n.m._, cuish (armor); (surg.) thigh-piece. =cuisse=, _n.f._, thigh; (of meat) rump; leg (of poultry). =cuisse-madame=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) sort of pear. =cuisson=, _n.f._, dressing (of victuals); cooking (baking, boiling, roasting, &c.); smart (pain). _Ressentir une —_; to feel a smarting pain. =cuissot=, _n.m._, haunch (of venison). =cuistre=, _n.m._, college-fag; college-scout; vulgar, pedantic fellow. =cuit=, =-e=, _part._, cooked, done, roasted, boiled, baked; (fig.) done for, dished. _Cela est trop —_; that is done too much, overdone (of meat). _— au four_; baked. _— à point_; done to a turn. =cuite=, _n.f._, baking; burning (of bricks, etc.); (manu.) boiling. =cuivre=, _n.m._, copper, brass. _— jaune_; brass. _— rouge_; copper. _— vierge_; native copper. _— battu_; wrought copper. _— fondu_; cast copper. _— en barres_; bar copper. _— en planches_; sheet copper. _Fonte de —_; pig copper. _—s_; brass instruments. =cuivré=, =-e=, _adj._, copper-colored; (fig.) ringing, clear, sonorous. =cuivrer=, _v.a._, to cover with sheet copper, to copper. =cuivrerie=, _n.f._, copper wares, brass-wares. =cuivreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, coppery. =cul= (ku), _n.m._, (very l.ex.) breech; backside; posterior; rump; bottom; tail (of carts); top; cylinder head (mech.). _— par-dessus tête_; head over heels. _Donner du pied au — à quelqu’un_; to kick any one. _Être à —_; not to know what to do. _Faire le — de poule_; to pout. _— de basse-fosse_; dungeon. _—-de-jatte_, (_—s-—_) cripple (seated on a wooden bowl). _—-de-lampe_, (_—s-—_) (arch.) bracket, pendant; (print.) tail-piece. _— de porc_, (nav.) wall-knot. _—-de-sac_, (_—s-—_) blind alley. _—-de-four_, (_—s-—_) (arch.) demi-cupola. _—-blanc_, (_—s-—s_) (orni.) wheat-ear, white-tail, fallow-chat, fallow-finch; snipe. =culasse=, _n.f._, breech (of a cannon, musket, etc.); pavilion (of diamonds). =culbutant=, _n.m._, (orni.) tumbler. =culbute=, _n.f._, somersault; ruin, failure, bankruptcy; fall, tumble, somersault. _Faire la —_; to turn a somersault. _Au bout du fossé la —_; look before you leap. =culbuter=, _v.a._, to throw down, to throw down headlong; to overthrow, to ruin, to upset; to make any one, anything, tumble down; to do for. _Cette entreprise l’a culbuté_; this enterprise has ruined him. =culbuter=, _v.n._, to fall head over heels. =culbutis=, _n.m._, confused heap; jumble. =culée=, _n.f._, abutment (of bridges); tail (of a hide); (nav.) stern-way. =culer=, _v.n._, to fall astern, to make stern-way; to veer (of the wind). _Scier à —_; to back water. =culeron=, _n.m._, (saddlery) crupper-loop. =culière=, _n.f._, gutter-stone, kennel-stone, breech of harness, hind girth. =culinaire=, _adj._, culinary. =culmifère=, _adj._, (bot.) culmiferous. =culminant=, _adj._, culminating; prominent. _Point —_; culminating point, top, summit. =culmination=, _n.f._, culmination. =culminer=, _v.n._, (astron.) to culminate. =culot=, _n.m._, youngest bird (of a brood); youngest (of a family), last born; youngest member of a society; bottom (of lamps, crucibles, etc.); residuum. _Le — d’une pipe_; black at the bottom of a pipe-plug. =culotte=, _n.f._, small clothes, breeches; rump (of an ox, a pigeon). _— de bœuf_; rump of beef. _— de peau_; leather breeches; (fig.) old retired officer. =culotter=, _v.a._, to breech, to put in breeches; to color (pipe). _se_ =culotter=, _v.r._, to put on one’s breeches; to get colored (pipe). =culottier=, _n.m._, breeches-maker. ☉=culottin=, _n.m._, newly-breeched boy; tight breeches. =culpabilité=, _n.f._, guilt; culpability. =culte=, _n.m._, creed; religion; worship; adoration; veneration, honor, love, respect, cultivation. _Rendre un — à_; to worship. =cultivable=, _adj._, cultivable, arable. =cultivat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, husbandman, farmer, grower, agriculturist. =cultivat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, agricultural. =cultivation=, _n.f._, cultivation. =cultiver=, _v.a._, to cultivate; to till; to improve; to inform; to exercise, to practice; to cultivate the acquaintance of. =culture=, _n.f._, culture; cultivation; tillage, husbandry; growth; education, improvement. _Être sans —_; to be _or_ lie fallow. _La petite —_; farming on a small scale; raising of poultry, etc. =cumin=, _n.m._, (bot.) cumin. _— des prés_; caraway seed. =cumul=, _n.m._, accumulation, junction; plurality of offices _or_ places, pluralism. =cumulard=, _n.m._, (fam. b.s.) pluralist, place-man. =cumulati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, accumulative. =cumulativement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, by accumulation. =cumuler=, _v.a._, to accumulate, to cumulate. =cumuler=, _v.n._, to be a pluralist of offices, to hold several offices. _se_ =cumuler=, _v.r._, to be held at the same time. =cunéaire=, _adj._, cuneate, cuneated. =cunéiforme=, _adj._, cuneiform. =cunette=, _n.f._, (fort.) cunette. =cupide=, _adj._, covetous, greedy, grasping. =cupidité=, _n.f._, cupidity; covetousness; concupiscence, lust. =cupidon=, _n.m._, (myth.) Cupid, Love. _Vieux —_; old beau. =cupulaire=, _adj._, cup-shaped. =cupule=, _n.f._, (bot.) cupule; cup (of acorns). =curabilité=, _n.f._, curableness. =curable=, _adj._, that may be healed, curable. =curaçao= (ku-ra-so), _n.m._, Curaçoa. =curage=, _n.m._, cleansing, cleaning (of harbors, sewers, &c.); (bot.) water-pepper. =curare=, _n.m._, curare, arrow-poison. =curatelle=, _n.f._, guardianship, trusteeship. =curat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, curator, curatrix, trustee; committee. =curati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, curative. =curatif=, _n.m._, curative agent. =curation=, _n.f._, (med.) treatment. =curcuma=, _n.m._, (bot.) curcuma, turmeric. =cure=, _n.f._, cure, healing; living, benefice, parsonage, rectory; ☉care. _N’en avoir —_; to pay no heed to. =curé=, _n.m._, rector, vicar. _C’est Gros Jean qui en remontre à son —_; the clerk wants to teach the parson. _Monsieur le —_; your reverence. =cure-dents=, _n.m._, (_—-—_) tooth-pick. =curée=, _n.f._, (hunt.) quarry; (fig.) prey, booty; feast; scramble. _Mettre en —_; to flesh the dogs, to feed them. _Les chiens sont en —_; the dogs are being fed. =cure-langue=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) tongue-scrape. =curement=, _n.m._, cleansing, cleaning (of harbors, sewers). =cure-môle=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) dredging-machine. =cure-oreilles=, _n.m._, (_—-—_) ear-pick. =cure-pieds=, _n.m._, (_—-—_) horse-picker; hoof-pick. =curer=, _v.a._, to cleanse, to clean out (harbors, sewers); to pick (the teeth, the ears). _Se — les dents_; to pick one’s teeth. =curette=, _n.f._, scraper, scoop. =cureur=, _n.m._, cleanser (of harbors, sewers). =curial=, =-e=, _adj._, vicarial, rectorial. _Maison —e_; parsonage-house. =curiale=, _n.m._, (antiq.) member of the curia. =curie=, _n.f._, ward; (antiq.) curia. =curieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, curiously, inquisitively; carefully; minutely. =curieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, curious; inquisitive; prying; fond of; careful; nice; particular; rare, singular. _Il est — de tableaux_; he is fond of pictures. =curieu-x=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, inquisitive person, spectator, looker-on; virtuoso; curious fact. _Le — de la chose est_; the curious part of the thing is. =curion=, _n.m._, (antiq.) curio. =curiosité=, _n.f._, curiosity; inquisitiveness; rarity; care; taste for. _Par —_; out of curiosity. =curoir=, _n.m._, plow-scraper. =curseur=, _n.m._, (math.) cursor, slider, slide, index. =cursi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, cursive; running; cursory. =cursivement=, _adv._, cursorily. =curule=, _adj._, curule. _Chaise —_; curule chair. =curure=, _n.f._, dirt, sewage. =curvati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._ (bot.) slightly curved. *=curviligne=, _adj._, curvilineal. =curvirostre=, _adj._, (orni.) curvirostral, hook-billed. =cuscute=, _n.f._, (bot.) dodder. =cuspide=, _n.f._, cuspis, cusp. =cuspidé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) cuspidate. =cussoné=, =-e=, _adj._, (tech.) worm-eaten, weeviled. =custode=, _n.f._, pyx-cover; curtain of the high altar; holster-cap; ☉curtain. _Sous la —_; in private. =custode=, _n.m._, warden, keeper, curator. =cutané=, =-e=, _adj._, cutaneous. =cuticule=, _n.f._, (anat., bot.) cuticle. =cutter= (-tèr), _n.m._, (_—s_) (nav.) cutter. =cuvage=, _n.m._, (tech.) fermenting (of wine); place where wine is fermented. =cuve=, _n.f._, tub, vat, copper. _— de brasseur_; brewing-vat. _— matière_; mash-tub. _Fossé a fond de cuve_; (fort.) flat-bottomed ditch. _À fond de —_; (fig.) thoroughly, exhaustively. _— de bain_; bathing-tub. =cuveau=, _n.m._, small vat, small tub; (min.) corf, cage, kiddle-outright. =cuvée=, _n.f._, tubful; vatful; (fam.) sort, kind, quality. _En voici d’une autre —_; here’s one of another sort for you. =cuvelage= (kuv-laj), _n.m._, lining, casing; tubbing (mines). =cuveler= (kuv-lé), _v.a._, to tub (mines); to line, to case. =cuver=, _v.n._, to work, to ferment, to settle. =cuver=, _v.a._, to appease; to calm; to sleep off the effects of wine. _— son vin_; to sleep one’s self sober. =cuvette=, _n.f._, wash-hand basin; basin, cistern (of barometers, steam-engines); (fort.) cuvette. _Montre à —_; capped watch. =cuvier=, _n.m._, wash-tub. =cyame=, _n.m._, (e.) whale-louse. =cyanate=, _n.m._, (chem.) cyanate. =cyanhydrique=, _adj._, (chem.) hydrocyanic, prussic. =cyanogène=, _n.m._, (chem.) cyanogen. =cyanomètre=, _n.m._, (phys.) cyanometer. =cyanure=, _n.m._, (chem.) cyanide. =cyathe=, _n.m._, (antiq.) cyathus. =cyclamen= (-me-n), _n.m._, (bot.) cyclamen, sow-bread. =cycle=, _n.m._, cycle; (liter.) period. =cyclique=, _adj._, cyclical. =cycloïdal=, =-e=, _adj._, cycloidal. =cycloïde=, _n.f._, (geom.) cycloid. =cyclométrie=, _n.f._, cyclometry. =cyclone=, _n.m._, tornado. =cyclope=, _n.m._, Cyclops. =cyclopéen=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, cyclopean. *=cygne=, _n.m._, swan. _Jeune —_; cygnet. (fig.) _Le — Thébain_; Pindar. _Le — de Mantoue_; Virgil. _Le — de Cambrai_; Fénelon. =cylindracé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) cylindraceous. =cylindrage=, _n.m._, mangling (of linen). =cylindre=, _n.m._, cylinder; roller; garden-roller; mangle, calender; barrel; rundle. _Passer au —_; to pass through the mangle. =cylindrer=, _v.a._, to calender; to roll. _— les allées d’un jardin_; to roll the paths of a garden. =cylindrique=, _adj._, cylindric. =cylindroïde=, _n.m._, cylindroid. =cymaise=, _n.f._ _V._ =cimaise=. =cymbalaire=, _n.f._, ivy-leaved toad-flax. =cymbale=, _n.f._, cymbal. =cymbalier=, _n.m._, cymbal-player. =cymbiforme=, _adj._, (bot.) cymbiform. =cyme=, _n.m._, (bot.) cyme. _V._ =cime=. =cymrique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, Kymric. =cynanche= _or_ =cynancie=, _n.f._, (med.) cynanche. =cynanque=, _n.m._, (bot.) dog’s-bane. =cynégétique=, _n.f._, cynegetics. _adj._, relating to hunting and dogs. =cynips=, _n.m._, (ent.) cynips. =cynique=, _adj._, cynical, snarling, snappish; impudent, barefaced, indecent. =cynique=, _n.m._, cynic. =cynisme=, _n.m._, cynicism. =cynocéphale=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) cynocephalus. =cynoglosse=, _n.f._, (bot.) cynoglossum, hound’s-tongue. =cynorrhodon=, _n.m._, (bot.) hip. =cynosure=, _n.f._, (bot.) cynosurus; (astron.) Cynosure, Little Bear. =cyprès=, _n.m._, cypress, cypress-tree; cypress-wood. =cyprière=, _n.f._, cypress-grove. =cypripède=, _n.m._, (bot.) lady’s-slipper. =cyrénaïque=, _adj._, cyrenaic. _n.m._, cyrenaic philosopher. =cyrillien= _or_ =cyrillique=, _adj._ _Alphabet —_; the Slavonic alphabet invented in the 9th century by St. Cyrillus. =cystique=, _adj._, (anat.) cystic. =cystite=, _n.f._, (med.) cystitis. =cystocèle=, _n.f._, (med.) cystocele. =cystotome=, _n.m._, (surg.) an instrument to cut into the bladder. =cystotomie=, _n.f._, cystotomy. =cytarexylon=, _n.m._, (bot.) fiddle-wood. =cytise=, _n.m._, (bot.) cytisus, bean-trefoil. =cyzicène=, _n.m._, (Grec. antiq.) guest-chamber. =czar= (gzar), _n.m._, czar. =czarien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, of the czar. =czarine=, _n.f._, czarina. =czarowitz=, _n.m._, czarowitz. D =d=, _n.m._, the fourth letter of the alphabet, d. =d’=, ab. of =de=. =dà=, _particle_, truly, indeed. _Oui-dà_; yes, forsooth. _Nenni-dà_, _non-dà_; no, indeed; no, forsooth. =da-capo=, _adv._, (mus.) da capo. =dactyle=, _n.m._, (poet.) dactyl; (bot.) orchard-grass. =dactylographe=, _n.m._, type-writer, typist. =dactylographie=, _n.f._, dactylography, type-writing. =dactylique=, _adj._, dactylic. =dactylologie=, _n.f._, dactylology. =dactyloptère=, _adj._, (ich.) finger-finned. =dactyloptère=, _n.m._, dactylopterus, flying-fish. =dada=, _n.m._, horse, cock-horse; hobby, hobby-horse. _Aller à —_; to ride a cock-horse. _Être sur son —_; to indulge in one’s hobby. =dadais=, _n.m._, booby, clown, ninny. ☉=dagorne=, _n.f._, one-horned cow; hag. =dague= (dag), _n.f._, dagger, dirk. _pl._, tusks (of a wild boar); first horns (of a two-year old deer). =daguer= (da-ghé), _v.a._, to stab; (hunt.) to rut. =daguerréotype= (da-ghér-), _n.m._, daguerreotype. =daguet= (da-ghé), _n.m._, (hunt.) brocket, pricket. =dahlia=, _n.m._, dahlia. *=daigner=, _v.n._, to deign, to be graciously pleased, to condescend, to vouchsafe. *=d’ailleurs=. _V._ =ailleurs=. =daim= (din), _n.m._, deer, fallow-deer; buck. =daine= (dèn _or_ di-n), _n.f._, doe. =daintiers= (-tié), _n.m.pl._, (hunt.) dowcets. =dais=, _n.m._, canopy; dais, platform. =dalème=, _n.f._, self-consuming stove. =dallage=, _n.m._, paving with flag-stones, flagging. =dalle=, _n.f._, slab; flag, flag-stone; sink-stone; slice (of fish). =daller=, _v.a._, to pave with flag-stones, to flag. =dalmatique=, _n.f._, dalmatic, tunic. =dalot=, _n.m._, (nav.) scupper-hole, scupper. =daltonisme=, _n.m._, (med.) color-blindness. ☉=dam=, _n.m._, hurt, injury. _À son_, _votre_, _leur —_; to his, your, their injury. =damage=, _n.m._, puddling, ramming. =damas=, _n.m._, damask; (bot.) damson; Damascus blade. =damasquiner=, _v.a._, to damaskene, to emboss; to frost (cutlery). =damasquinerie= (-ki-n-rî), _n.f._, damaskening. =damasquineur=, _n.m._, damaskener, one who damaskenes. =damasquinure=, _n.f._, damaskened work; embossing. =damassé=, _n.m._, damask linen, damask cloth. =damasser=, _v.a._, to damask. =damasserie= (da-mas-rî), _n.f._, damask linen manufactory. =damasseur=, _n.m._, damask weaver. =damassin=, _n.m._, figured linen cloth, diaper. =damassure=, _n.f._, damasking (of linen). =dame=, _n.f._, lady; married lady; nun; dame; man, draught (backgammon); (draughts) draught, man, king, queen; queen (cards, chess); dam, rammer; (nav.) rowlock. _—s de France_; princesses of the royal family of France. _— d’honneur_; maid of honor, bridesmaid. _Elle fait la —_; she sets up for a lady. _Notre-—_; Our Lady. _Ma chère —_; my dear madam. _Jouer aux —s_; to play at draughts. _Aller à —_; (at draughts) to make a king. _Aller à —_; (at chess) to make a queen; _—s seules_; ladies’ compartment. =dame=, _int._, by our lady! well! forsooth! well, you see! _—! c’est juste_; well, you see! it is right. =dame-jeanne=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) demijohn, car-boy. =damer=, _v.a._, to crown (a man at draughts); to queen; (arch.) to allow half a foot for sloping; to ram. _— le pion à quelqu’un_; to outdo, outwit any one; to be more than a match for. =dameret=, _adj.m._, (l.u.) foppish. =dameret=, _n.m._, lady’s man, spark, beau. =damier=, _n.m._, draught-board. =damnable= (dâ-nabl), _adj._, damnable. =damnablement= (dâ-na-), _adv._, damnably. =damnation= (dâ-na-), _n.f._, damnation. =damné=, =-e= (dâ-né), _part._, damned. =damné=, =-e= (dâ-né), _n.m._, soul damned. _Les —s_; the damned. _Souffrir comme un —_; to suffer horribly. _C’est l’âme —e du ministre_; he is the tool of the minister (_i.e._, does his dirty work for him). =damner= (dâ-né), _v.a._, to damn. _se_ =damner= (dâ-né), _v.r._, to damn one’s self. ☉=damoiseau=, _n.m._, beau, fop, spark; young page. ☉=damoisel=, _n.m._ _V._ =damoiseau=. ☉=damoiselle=, _n.f._, damsel. =danché=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) indented. =dandin=, _n.m._, ninny. =dandinement= (-di-n-mān), _n.m._, jogging, waddling; swinging, slouching. =dandiner=, _v.a._, to dandle, to rock. =dandiner=, _v.n._, to swing (of bells); to waddle, to slouch. _se_ =dandiner=, _v.r._, to waddle; to twist (one’s body) about; to strut, to slouch; to dilly-dally, to dally. =dandy=, _n.m._, dandy. =dandysme=, _n.m._, dandyism. =danger=, _n.m._, danger, peril, risk, hazard, jeopardy. _Braver les —s_; to brave dangers. _Affronter les —s_; to face dangers. _Être en — de_; to be in danger of. =dangereusement= (danj-reuz-mān), _adv._, dangerously. =dangereu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, dangerous. =danois=, =-e=, _adj._, Danish. =danois=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, Dane. =danois=, _n.m._, Danish; dane (dog). =dans=, _prep._, in, within, into; with, according to, formerly. _Il fait cela — le dessein de s’établir_; he does so with the intention of establishing himself. _J’ai beaucoup travaillé — le temps_; I used to study a good deal formerly. =dansant=, =-e=, _adj._, dancing. _Soirée —e_; dancing party, evening party. =danse=, _n.f._, dance, dancing; beating, hiding. _Aimer la —_; to like dancing. _— de corde_; rope-dancing. _Il a une — contrainte_; he has a stiff way of dancing. _Donner une — à quelqu’un_; to give any one a drubbing. _Entrer en —_; to join the dance. _— de St. Guy_; St. Vitus’s dance. =danser=, _v.n._, to dance. _— en mesure_; to keep time in dancing. _Faire — quelqu’un_; to lead any one a dance. _Il ne sait sur quel pied —_; he does not know which way to turn. _Il en dansera en l’air_; he will swing for it. _Se —_; to be danced. =danser=, _v.a._, to dance. _— un menuet_; to dance a minuet. =danseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, dancer, ballet-girl. _— de corde_; rope-dancer. =dansotter=, _v.n._, to dance a little, to skip, to hop, to dance stiffly. =danubien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, Danubian. =daphné=, _n.m._, (bot.) daphne. =darce=, _n.f._ _V._ =darse=. =dard=, _n.m._, dart; sting; (bot.) pistil. _Le — d’une abeille_; the sting of a bee; (pisc.) dace. =darder=, _v.a._, to dart; to shoot forth, to beam, to hurl; to spear, to harpoon. _Le soleil darde ses rayons_; the sun darts forth his rays. ☉=dardeur=, _n.m._, shooter, dart-flinger. =dardillon=, _n.m._, barb (of a fish-hook). =dariole=, _n.f._, cream-cake. =darne=, _n.f._, slice of fish. =darse=, _n.f._, (nav.) wet-dock. =dartre=, _n.f._, skin disease; eruption (of the skin); blotch, tetter; herpes. _— farineuse_; pityriasis, dandriff. =dartreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, herpetic, scurfy, scabby. =dartreu-x=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, person affected with skin disease; scabby fellow. =dataire=, _n.m._, datary (chancery officer of Rome). =date=, _n.f._, date, period. _À courte —_; short-dated. _À longue —_; long-dated. _Prendre —_; to fix a day. _Je suis le premier en —_; I have the priority. _En — de_; under date of, bearing the date. _D’ancienne_, or _de vieille_, _de longue —_; of long standing, long since. =dater=, _v.a._, to date. =dater=, _v.n._, to date; to date from; to form a period; to reckon. _— de loin_; to date far back; to happen long ago. _À — de_; reckoning from. _Se —_; to be dated. =daterie= (da-trî), _n.f._, datary’s office. =datif=, _n.m._, (gram.) dative, dative case. =dati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (jur.) dative. _Tutelle —ve_; dative guardianship. =dation=, _n.f._, (jur.) giving. _— en payement_; giving in payment. =datisme=, _n.m._, tautology. =datte=, _n.f._, (bot.) date. =dattier=, _n.m._, date-tree. =datura=, _n.m._, (bot.) datura stramonium, thorn-apple. =daube=, _n.f._, (cook.) stew, daube. =dauber=, _v.a._, (pop.) to cuff, to drub; (fig.) to banter; to jeer. =daubeur=, _n.m._, jeerer, banterer, sneerer. =daubière=, _n.f._, long stew-pan. =dauphin=, _n.m._, (ich.) dolphin; dauphin (eldest son of the kings of France). =dauphine=, _n.f._, dauphiness. =dauphinelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) lark-spur. =daurade=, _n.f._, (ich.) gilt head. =d’autant=. _V._ =autant=. =davantage=, _adv._, more; longer, further. _Pas —_; no more. _Je n’en dirai pas —_; I shall say no more. _Je n’en sais pas —_; I know nothing more about it. _Ne restez pas —_; do not stay any longer. =davier=, _n.m._, dentist’s forceps; (nav.) davit. =de=, _prep._, of, from, by, with, in, upon, out of, some, any, for, at, to. _Un plat d’argent_; a silver dish. _De Paris à Londres_; from Paris to London. _De près_, _de loin_; near, afar. _Faire de son mieux_; to do one’s best. _Vivre de fruits et de légumes_; to live on fruit and vegetables. _Sauter de joie_; to leap for joy. _Se moquer de quelqu’un_; to laugh at any one. _Il y eut cent hommes de tués_; there were a hundred men killed. _Il n’y a personne de blessé_; there is no one wounded. _Plus d’effets et moins de paroles_; more deeds and fewer words. _Quelque chose de bon_; something good. _Indigne de vivre_; unworthy to live. _Le désir d’apprendre_; the wish to learn. _Avoir besoin d’argent_; to be in want of money. _Qu’est-ce que de nous!_ what poor creatures we are! _L’un d’entre eux_; one of them. _D’après l’original_; from the original. _De chez vous_; from your house. _De par le roi_; in the king’s name. _De ce que_; because. _Les hommes d’à-présent_ or _d’aujourd’hui_; the men of the day. _Un coup de bâton_; a blow with a stick. _Trait de plume_; dash of the pen. _Un coup de fusil_; a shot. _Signe de tête_; nod. _Leçons de danse_; lessons in dancing. _Un enfant d’un bon naturel_; a good-natured child. _Une lame d’épée_; a sword-blade. _Une prise de tabac_; a pinch of snuff. _Un collier de perles_; a pearl necklace. _Être d’un repas_; to make one at a banquet. _N’avez-vous point d’enfants?_ have you no children? _Être —_; to be one of a party. [_De_ is changed into _d’_ before a vowel or silent _h_.] =dé=, _n.m._, die (for playing); thimble; (arch.) coin, block, dado; (nav.) cock (of blocks); (coin.) die. _— fermé_; woman’s thimble. _— ouvert_; tailor’s thimble. _Jouer au —s_; to play at dice. _—s pipés_; cogged or loaded dice. _Avoir le —_; to be one’s turn to play. _Flatter le —_; to slide the dice; to soften a thing down. _À vous le —_; now it is your turn, your throw. _Le — en est jeté_; the die is cast. _Tenir le — de la conversation_; to engross the conversation. =déalbation=, _n.f._, (chem.) dealbation. =débâchage=, _n.m._, untilting, uncovering. =débâcher=, _v.a._, to uncover, to untilt. =débâclage=, _n.m._, clearing, opening (of a port). =débâcle=, _n.f._, breaking up (of the ice); clearing (of a harbor); (fig.) overthrow, shock, downfall, collapse, disaster. =débâclement=, _n.m._, breaking up of the ice. =débâcler=, _v.n._, to break up (of the ice). =débâcler=, _v.a._, to clear (a harbor); to unbar (doors). _— les bateaux_; to clear the harbor of boats. _— une porte_, _une fenêtre_; to unbar a door, a window. =débâcleur=, _n.m._, water _or_ port-bailiff. =débagouler=, _v.n._, (l.ex.) to spew, to puke. =débagouler=, _v.a._, (l.ex.) (fig.) to launch into abuse; to insult, to abuse any one foully. =débagouleur=, _n.m._, (l.ex.) scurrilous, foul-mouthed blabber. =déballage=, _n.m._, unpacking (goods exposed for sale, show). =déballer=, _v.a._, to unpack. _à la_ =débandade=, _adv._, in confusion, helter-skelter, at sixes and sevens. _Mettre tout à la —_; to put everything in confusion. _à la_ =débandade=, _n.f._, rout, stampede; breaking the ranks. =debandement= (dé-band-mān), _n.m._, disbanding; (milit.) leaving the ranks. =débander=, _v.a._, to unbind; to unbend, to loosen. _— un pistolet_; to uncock a pistol. _— quelqu’un_; to take off the handkerchief tied over any one’s eyes. _se_ =débander=, _v.r._, to slacken _or_ grow loose, to relax; to disband; to get uncocked (of firearms); to grow milder (of the weather). _— l’esprit_; to relax one’s mind. =débanquer=, _v.a._, to break the bank (at play). =débaptiser= (dé-ba-ti-zé), _v.a._, to change the name of. _Il jugea à propos de se —_; he thought proper to change his name. *=débarbouiller=, _v.a._, to clean, to make clean, to wash the face. _se_ =débarbouiller=, _v.r._, to wash one’s face; to extricate one’s self. =débarcadère=, _n.m._, landing, landing-place, wharf, terminus, station (of railways). =débardage=, _n.m._, unlading (of wood). =débarder=, _v.a._, to unlade wood; to clear a wood of the trees which have been felled in it. =débardeur=, _n.m._, lumper; workman who breaks up boats; wharf-porter; lighterman; docker. =débarqué=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, person landing. _Un nouveau —_; one just come to town; a raw countryman. =débarquement=, _n.m._, landing, disembarkment. =débarquer=, _v.a._, to disembark, to land, to unship. =débarquer=, _v.n._, to land. _Nous débarquâmes en tel endroit_; we went ashore at such a place. _Au —_; on landing. =débarras=, _n.m._, riddance, disencumbrance. _Bon —!_ a good riddance! _Chambre de —_; lumber-room. =débarrassé=, =-e=, _part._, disembarrassed; rid of, released from. =débarrassement=, _n.m._, (l.u.) disembarrassment, clearance, riddance; extrication. =débarrasser=, _v.a._, to clear, to clear away, to disencumber, to rid, to free, to disentangle, to disembarrass; to extricate. _se_ =débarrasser=, _v.r._, to disentangle, to extricate one’s self from, to rid one’s self of, to shake off; to get clear, to get clear of; to clear, to be cleared (of the road, the way). =débarrer=, _v.a._, to unbar. =débat=, _n.m._, debate, dispute, discussion, strife, contest. _pl._, debates; pleading, summing up. _Vider un —_; to settle a dispute. _À eux le —_; let them settle it between them. =débatelage=, _n.m._, unlading of boats. =débateler=, _v.a._, to unlade boats. =débâter=, _v.a._, to unsaddle; to take off a pack-saddle. =débâtir=, _v.a._, to pull down; to unbaste, to untack (of garments). =débattre=, _v.a._, to debate, to discuss, to argue. _se_ =débattre=, _v.r._, to struggle, to strive, to flounder, to writhe; to dispute; to be debated. =débauche=, _n.f._, debauch; debauchery; lewdness, dissoluteness. _Aimer la —_; to be fond of reveling. =débauché=, _n.m._, debauchee, rake. =débaucher=, _v.a._, to debauch; to entice away; to take away. _se_ =débaucher=, _v.r._, to become debauched; to be led away from one’s occupations. =débaucheu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, debaucher, seducer. =débet=, _n.m._, debit, balance of an account. _Être_ or _rester en —_; to owe a balance. =débiffé=, =-e=, _part._, discomposed, disordered, out of order. _Visage —_; haggard countenance. =débiffer=, _v.a._, to debilitate, to disorder, to enfeeble, to put out of sorts. _Être tout débiffé_; to be quite out of sorts. =débile=, _adj._, weakly, weak, feeble. _Avoir le cerveau —_; to have weak brains. _Mémoire —_; weak memory. =débilement= (dé-bil-mān), _adv._, feebly, weakly. =débilitant=, _n.m._, (med.) debilitant. =débilitant=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) debilitating, weakening. =débilitation=, _n.f._, debilitation, enfeebling. =débilité=, _n.f._, debility, weakness. =débiliter=, _v.a._, to debilitate, to enfeeble. *=débillardement=, _n.m._, (carp.) cutting diagonally. *=débillarder=, _v.a._, (carp.) to cut diagonally. *=débiller=, _v.a._, to loosen horses. =débine=, _n.f._, difficulties, poverty, straits, embarrassment, mess, beggary. _Il est tombé dans la —_; he has fallen into poverty. =débit=, _n.m._, sale, traffic; market; retail shop; license to sell; delivery, utterance; debit side (book-keeping); (mus.) recitative. _Marchandise de bon —_; goods that have a ready sale. _— de tabac_; tobacconist’s shop. _Porter au — de quelqu’un_; to debit any one with. _Il a un beau —_; he has a fine delivery. =débitage=, _n.m._, cutting up (of stones, timber). =débitant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, retailer, dealer. _— en détail_, _en gros_; retail, wholesale, dealer. =débiter=, _v.a._, to sell; to retail; to give out, to spread, to report, to utter; to debit; to cut up (wood, stone). _— en gros_, _en détail_; to sell, wholesale, by retail. _— son rôle_; to recite one’s part. _— des nouvelles_; to spread news. =débit-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, debtor; seller, retailer; (jur.) obligor. _Être — de_; to be in debt to. =débiteur=, _adj.m._, debtor. _Compte —_; debtor’s account. =débiteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, prattler, newsmonger. _C’est une grande —se de mensonges_; she is a regular fib-teller. =débitter=, _v.a._, (nav.) to unbitt (a cable). =déblai=, _n.m._, cutting, clearing; excavating, excavation; rubbish; riddance. _Être en —_; to have been excavated. =déblaiement=, =déblayement=, _n.m._, clearing, clearing away; clearance; freeing; cutting, digging. =déblatérer=, _v.n._, to speak against; to rail at. =déblayer=, _v.a._, to clear away; to clear. =déblocage=, _n.m._, (print.) turning letters. =déblocus=, _n.m._, raising the blockade of. =débloquer=, _v.a._, to raise a blockade; (print.) to turn letters. =déboire=, _n.m._, after-taste; vexation; mortification; disappointment. =déboisement=, _n.m._, clearing _or_ denudation of trees, forests. =déboiser=, _v.a._, to clear or denude. _se_ =déboiser=, _v.r._, to become denuded. =déboîtement= (dé-boat-mān), _n.m._, disjointing, dislocation. =déboîter=, _v.a._, to put out of joint, to dislocate, to disjoint. _se_ =déboîter=, _v.r._, to be dislocated, to become disjointed. =débonder=, _v.a._, to take the bung out of; to loosen, to unbind. _— un étang_; to open the sluice of a pond. _se_ =débonder=, _v.r._, to gush, to sluice out, to break out _or_ open, to burst forth, to escape out of the bung-hole; to be relaxed (of a person). =débonder=, _v.n._, to escape through the bung-hole; to escape through the sluice of a pond; to gush out. =débondonnement=, _n.m._, unbunging. =débondonner=, _v.a._, to take out the bung. =débonnaire=, _adj._, good-natured; compliant, gentle, easy-tempered. =débonnairement=, _adv._, compliantly, easily. ☉=débonnaireté=, _n.f._, compliance, meekness. =débord=, _n.m._, edge (of a coin); ☉overflowing; ☉(med.) defluxion. =débordé=, =-e=, _adj._, overflowed; lewd, dissolute, debauched. =débordement=, _n.m._, overflowing, breaking out, inundation, irruption; (fig.) dissoluteness, debauchery, lewdness; torrent, flood; (med.) overflow. =déborder=, _v.n._, to overflow, to run over; to project, to bag, to jut out; (nav.) to get clear, to sheer off. _La doublure déborde_; the lining bags. _Cette maison déborde_; that house juts out. =déborder=, _v.a._, to take off the border; to outrun; to go beyond; (milit.) to outflank; to edge (plumber’s business). _se_ =déborder=, _v.r._, to overflow; to break, to burst, forth. =débordoir=, _n.m._, edging-tool (of a plumber). =débosseler= (dé-bos-lé), _v.a._, to take the bruises, the dents, out of. =débotté=, _n.m._, with boots off. =débotter=, _v.a._, to pull off boots. _se_ =débotter=, _v.r._, to pull off one’s boots. =débouché=, _n.m._, opening, expedient; outlet, issue; (com.) market, sale; water-way. =débouchement= (de-boosh-mān), _n.m._, uncorking, unstopping, outlet; debouching; market, sale; disemboguement. =déboucher=, _v.a._, to open; to clear; to uncork. =déboucher=, _v.n._, to pass out; to fall into (rivers); (milit.) to debouch; to relieve the bowels; to expand the mind. _Au — du défilé_; on coming out of the defile. =débouchoir=, _n.m._, lapidary’s tool. =déboucler=, _v.a._, to unbuckle, to uncurl. _— une jument_; to unring a mare. *=debouilli=, _n.m._, (dy.) boiling. *=débouillir=, _v.a._, (dy.) to boil. =déboulonner=, _v.a._, (tech.) to unbolt, to unpin. =débouquement= (dé-book-mān), _n.m._, (nav.) narrow channel; disemboguement. =débouquer=, _v.n._, (nav.) to disembogue. =débourbage=, _n.m._, (metal.) trunking. =débourber=, _v.a._, to cleanse; to take the mud away; (metal.) to trunk. _— une voiture_; to draw a carriage out of the mire. =débourgeoiser=, _v.a._, to polish, to make a lady _or_ gentleman of. _se_ =débourgeoiser=, _v.r._, to become polished. =débourrement= (dé-boor-mān), _n.m._, taking off the fleece. =débourrer=, _v.a._, (man.) to break in; to worm (fire-arms); to empty (a pipe); to polish (a person). _— un jeune homme_; to form _or_ polish a young man. _— un cheval_; to break in a horse; to take the fleece off. ☉=débours=, _n.m._, disbursement, sum laid out. =déboursé=, _n.m._, money laid out, disbursement, outlay. =déboursement=, _n.m._, disbursement, outlay, expenditure. =débourser=, _v.a._, to disburse, to expend, to lay out. =debout=, _adv._, upright, on end; up; standing; in existence (of things); ahead (of the wind). _Il se tient —_; he is standing up. _Être —_; to be up, to be stirring. _Allons, —, il est déjà grand jour_; come, get up, it is broad daylight. _Un conte à dormir —_; rigmarole. _Avoir le vent —_; to have the wind ahead _or_ a head wind. =débouté=, _n.m._, (jur.) dismission, setting aside, nonsuit. =débouter=, _v.a._, (jur.) to overrule, to reject, to non-suit. _Il a été débouté de sa demande_; his demand was rejected; he was non-suited. =déboutonné=, =-e=, _part._, unbuttoned. =déboutonner=, _v.a._, to unbutton. _se_ =déboutonner=, _v.r._, to unbutton one’s self; to unbosom one’s self. *=débraillé=, =-e=, _part._, open-breasted, loosely dressed, untidy; in disorder. _Tout —_; all untidy. =débraillement= _or_ =débraillé=, _n.m._, untidiness, disorder; license, licentiousness. *_se_ =débrailler=, _v.r._, to uncover one’s breast, to become untidy, disordered. =débrayage=, _n.m._, disengaging gear (motor). =débrayer=, _v.n._, to throw out of gear, to disengage. *=débredouiller=, _v.a._, _se —_, _v.r._, to save the lurch (backgammon). =débridement= (dé-brid-mān), _n.m._, unbridling; despatching, hurrying over; (surg.) relieving constriction by incision. =débrider=, _v.a._, to unbridle; to despatch, to hurry; (surg.) to remove constriction by incision. =débrider=, _v.n._, to unbridle one’s horse; to halt; to stop. _Sans —_; without stopping; at a stretch. =débris=, _n.m._, remains, wreck, ruins; waste; rubbish. =débrochage=, _n.m._, unstitching; unspitting. =débrocher=, _v.a._, to unstitch, to unspit. *=débrouillement=, _n.m._, disentangling, unravelling. *=débrouiller=, _v.a._, to disentangle, to unravel, to clear up, to explain. _se_ =débrouiller=, _v.r._, to unravel; to be disentangled, to be cleared up. =débrutir=, _v.a._, to clear off the rough; to polish (gems). =débrutissement= (-tis-mān), _n.m._, rough-polishing (of gems). =débucher=, _v.n._, (hunt.) to start. =débucher=, _v.a._, (hunt.) to dislodge, to start. =débucher=, _n.m._, (hunt.) start. _Il se trouva au —_; he was present at the start. =débusquement=, _n.m._, driving out; dislodging; ousting. =débusquer=, _v.a._, to turn out, to oust, to expel; (hunt.) to start, to dislodge. =début=, _n.m._, lead, first cast, _or_ throw; outset; debut; first appearance; beginning. _Voilà un beau —_; that is a fine beginning. =débutant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, actor, actress, appearing for the first time; beginner. =débuter=, _v.n._, to lead, to play first; to begin; to open; to set out; to make one’s first appearance. _Il a mal débuté dans le monde_; he made a bad beginning in life. =débuter=, _v.a._, to drive from the jack (at bowls); to drive from the mark (at cards). =deçà=, _prep._, this side of. _En —_, _de —_, _par —_, _la rivière_; this side of the river. _En — de la rivière_; on this side of the river. =deçà=, _adv._, here, on this side. _— et delà_; here and there, this and that side, up and down. _Jambe —, jambe delà_; one leg this side, the other that. _De —_, _par —_, _en —_; this side. =déca= (particle used in French weights and measures) deca (ten times the unit). =décachetable=, _adj._, to be unsealed, opened. =décachetage=, _n.m._, unsealing, opening. =décacheter= (dé-kash-té), _v.a._, to unseal, to open; to break open, to break the seal of. =décadaire=, _adj._, having ten days, decadal. =décade=, _n.f._, decade. =décadenasser=, _v.a._, to unpadlock. =décadence=, _n.f._, decay, decline, wane, downfall. =décadi=, _n.m._, decadi (the tenth day of a decade in the calendar of the first French Republic). =décaèdre=, _adj._, decahedral. =décaèdre=, _n.m._, (geom.) decahedron. =décagone=, _n.m._, (fort., geom.) decagon. =décagone=, _adj._, decangular, decagonal. =décagramme=, _n.m._, decagram (5·64 drams avoirdupois). =décaissage=, _n.m._, uncasing, unpacking. =décaisser=, _v.a._, to take out of its box, to unpack. =décalage=, _n.m._, unwedging. =décaler=, _v.a._, to unwedge. =décalitre=, _n.m._, decalitre (2·2009 gallons). =décalogue=, _n.m._, Decalogue. =décalquer=, _v.a._, to transfer a tracing. =décaméron=, _n.m._, decameron. =décamètre=, _n.m._, decameter (32·808992 feet). =décampement= (dé-kanp-mān), _n.m._, (milit.) decampment. =décamper=, _v.n._, (milit.) to decamp; to move off, to walk off; to pack off, to bolt, to levant. =décanat=, _n.m._, deanery, deanship. =décandrie=, _n.f._, (bot.) decandria. =décantation=, _n.f._, (chem.) decantation. =décanter=, _v.a._, (chem.) to decant, to pour off gently. =décanteur=, _n.m._, (chem., pharm.) decanter. =décapage=, _n.m._, cleaning, scraping (metal). =décaper=, _v.n._, (nav.) to double a cape. =décaper=, _v.a._, to clean, to scrape (metal). =décapétalé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) having ten petals. =décaphylle=, _adj._, (bot.) having ten leaves. =décapitation=, _n.f._, decapitation, beheading. =décapiter=, _v.a._, to behead, to decapitate. =décapode=, _adj._, ten-footed, decapodal. =décapole=, _n.f._, Decapolis. =décarrelage=, _n.m._, unpaving. =décarreler= (dé-kar-lé), _v.a._, to take up a floor, to unpave. =décastère=, _n.m._, decastere (13·1 cubic yards). =décastyle=, _n.m._, (arch.) decastyle. =décasyllabe=, _adj._, decasyllabic. =décatir=, _v.a._, to sponge woolen cloth. _se_ =décatir=, _v.r._, (of cloth) to lose its gloss. =décatissage= _n.m._, sponging. =décatisseur=, _n.m._, sponger. =décavé=, =-e=, _adj._, having lost one’s stake, ruined, beggared, lost in reputation. =décaver=, _v.a._, to win the whole of one of the players’ stakes; to ruin, to beggar. =décédé=, =-e=, _part._, deceased, dead. =décédé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, deceased; person deceased. =décéder=, _v.n._, to die, to expire, to decease. =déceindre=, _v.a._, to ungird, to loose a girdle. =décèlement= (-sèl-mān), _n.m._, disclosure, betrayal. =déceler=, _v.a._, to disclose, to reveal, to betray. _se_ =déceler=, _v.r._, to betray one’s self. =déceleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, betrayer, revealer. =décembre=, _n.m._, December. =décemment= (dé-sa-mān), _adv._, in a decent manner, decently. =décemvir= (-sèm-), _n.m._, decemvir. =décemviral=, =-e=, _adj._, decemviral. =décemvirat=, _n.m._, decemvirate. =décence=, _n.f._, decency, propriety. =décennal=, =-e= (-sèn-nal), _adj._, decennial. =décent=, =-e=, _adj._, decent, becoming. =décentralisation=, _n.f._, decentralization. =décentraliser=, _v.a._, decentralize. =décepti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, deceptive. =déception=, _n.f._, deception, deceit, fraud. =décerner=, _v.a._, to decree, to enact; to award, to bestow, to issue (a summons). _— un mandat d’amener_; to issue a writ of arrest. _Se —_; to be awarded, to be decreed, etc. =décès=, _n.m._, decease, demise, death. =décevable=, _adj._, deceivable. =décevant=, =-e=, _adj._, deceptive. =décevoir=, _v.a._, to deceive, to disappoint. =déchaînement= (-shèn-mān), _n.m._, unbridling; letting loose (passions); fury, rage, violence, exasperation, inveighing, invective. =déchaîner=, _v.a._, to unchain; to let loose, to turn loose, to exasperate. _se_ =déchaîner=, _v.r._, to break loose, to free one’s self from one’s chains, to burst upon; to run riot; to inveigh. =déchalement=, _n.m._, lying dry; ebbing, far out. =déchaler=, _v.a.n._, to leave bare or dry; to lie dry; to ebb far out. =déchanter=, _v.n._, to change one’s tone, to lower one’s pretensions, to sing another tune. _Je le ferai —_; I’ll make him sing small. =déchaperonné=, =-e=, _adj._, (of a wall) dismantled of its coping. =déchaperonner=, _v.a._, to unhood, to uncope. =décharge=, _n.f._, unloading, unlading; lumber-room; discharge; release; relief; exoneration; (jur.) defense; shower of blows; (mil.) volley, round. _Pièce de —_; lumber-room. _Table de —_; dinner-wagon. _Témoin à —_; witness for the defense. _Entendre les témoins à charge et à —_; to hear witnesses for and against. =déchargement=, _n.m._, unloading, unlading. =décharger=, _v.a._, to unload, to unlade, to empty, to vent, to disburden, to lighten; to discharge; to release, to set free; to exonerate; (hort.) to prime; to dismiss. _— sa conscience_; to clear one’s conscience. _— son cœur à quelqu’un_; to open one’s heart to any one. _— son fusil sur quelqu’un_; to discharge one’s musket at any one. _— sa bile_, _sa colère_, _sur quelqu’un_; to vent one’s bile, to wreak one’s anger, upon any one. _— un accusé_; to exculpate, to discharge an accused person. _Il a été déchargé de toute accusation_; he was entirely exculpated. _se_ =décharger=, _v.r._, to be unloaded, to discharge itself (liquids); to disembogue (rivers); to free one’s self; to give vent to; to go off of itself (of a gun); to change, to fade (of colors); to lay the blame. _Se — d’une faute sur quelqu’un_; to shift the blame on any one. =décharger=, _v.n._, to unload; to unlade; to come off (of ink). =déchargeur=, _n.m._, unloader, wharf-porter, heaver, lumper. =décharné=, =-e=, _part._, fleshless; lean, thin, spare; emaciated; (of style) bald, meager, poor. _Visage —_; gaunt face. _Style —_; bald style. =décharnement=, _n.m._, emaciation; leanness; poverty; (of style) baldness. =décharner=, _v.a._, to strip off the flesh; to impoverish, to make lean, to emaciate; to render meager, naked. ☉=décharpir=, _v.a._, to tear into rags; to part, to separate (fighters). =déchasser=, _v.a._, (turnery) to drive out pegs; _v.n._, (dancing) to slide to the left. =déchaumage=, _n.m._, (agri.) digging up the stubble; plowing up the stubble. =déchaumer=, _v.a._, to plow up the stubble; to break up fallow land. =déchaussé=, =-e=, _adj._, bare-footed. =déchaussement= (-shôs-mān), _n.m._, pulling off (shoes or stockings), laying bare; baring (of teeth); shrinking, lancing of the gums. =déchausser=, _v.a._, to pull off shoes and stockings; to lay bare (trees, teeth, buildings). _se_ =déchausser=, _v.r._, to take off one’s shoes and stockings; to become bare (of the teeth). =déchaussoir=, _n.m._, gum-lancet. =déchaux=, _adj.m._, barefooted (of friars). _C’est un pied —_; he is a low poverty-stricken fellow. _À peine de —_; under pain of forfeiture. =dèche=, _n.f._, (pop.) destitution, beggary. _En —_; out of pocket. =déchéance=, _n.f._, (jur.) forfeiture; fall, decay. =déchet=, _n.m._, (com.) loss, waste. =décheu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, needy, beggarly. =déchevelé=, =-e=, _part._, disheveled. =décheveler= (-shĕ-vlé), _v.a._, to dishevel. _V._ =écheveler=. =déchevêtrer=, _v.a._, to take the halter off, to unhalter; to disentangle, to release. _se_ =déchevêtrer=, _v.r._, to get its halter off; to break from its halter. *=décheviller=, _v.a._, to unpeg, to unpin. =déchiffrable=, _adj._, capable of being deciphered, legible, intelligible. =déchiffrement=, _n.m._, deciphering; reading or playing at sight. =déchiffrer=, _v.a._, to decipher; to unravel; to make clear; to read or play at sight. _se_ =déchiffrer=, _v.r._, to be deciphered, to be unraveled. =déchiffreur=, _n.m._, decipherer; player at sight. =déchiqueté=, =-e=, _part._, (bot.) laciniate; jagged. _Feuille —e_; jagged leaf. =déchiqueter= (dé-shik-té), _v.a._, to cut, to slash, to mangle, to cut in long pieces; to pink. =déchiqueteur= (-shik-teur), _n.m._, cutter, slasher, _or_ ripper. ☉=déchiqueture= (-shik-tur), _n.f._, slashing, cutting, pinking. =déchirage=, _n.m._, ripping up, breaking up, of a ship’s planks. _Bois de —_; old ship-timber. =déchirant=, =-e=, _adj._, heart-rending, harrowing, piercing; excruciating. =déchiré=, =-e=, _part._, torn, rent, ragged, tattered. _Être tout —_; to be all in rags. _Chien hargneux a toujours l’oreille —e_; snarling dogs have always sore ears. =déchirement= (-shir-mān), _n.m._, rending, tearing; (surg.) laceration, _pl._, (fig.) intestine broils. _— d’entrailles_; excruciating pain in the bowels. _—s de cœur_; anguish of heart. =déchirer=, _v.a._, to tear, to rend, to lacerate; to bespatter, to revile, to defame. _— une plaie_; to tear open a wound. _— à coups de fouet_; to lash to pieces. _— quelqu’un à belles dents_; to pull any one to pieces. _— l’oreille_; to grate on the ear. _— de vieux vaisseaux_; to rip up old vessels. _— la cartouche_; to bite the cartridge. _Être déchiré de remords_; to be tortured with remorse. _— son prochain_; to slander one’s neighbor. _se_ =déchirer=, _v.r._, to tear, to be torn, to be rent; to vilify, to abuse, to defame, each other. _Ce papier se déchire très facilement_; this paper tears very easily. _Je sentis mon cœur —_; I felt my heart breaking. =déchireu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, tearer, render; breaker up, ripper up (of boats, ships). =déchirure=, _n.f._, rent, tear, break. =déchoir= (déchu), _v.n._, to decay, to fall off, to decline; to forfeit, to lose; (nav.) not to keep the right course. _— de son rang_; to fall from one’s rank. _Il est fort déchu de sa réputation_; he is greatly fallen in reputation. _— de ses espérances_; to be less sanguine in one’s hopes. _Être déchu d’un droit_; to have forfeited a claim. _Commencer à —_; to begin to fall away. =déchouement=, _n.m._, the floating of a stranded ship. =déchouer=, _v.a._, to get off, to set afloat. =déchristianiser=, _v.a._, to unchristianize. _se_ =déchristianiser=, _v.r._, to lose the character of Christian, to fall away from Christianity. =déchu=, =-e=, _part._, decayed, sunk, fallen. _Ange —_; fallen angel. =déci=, particle used in French weights and measures, deci (one-tenth of the unit). =décidé=, =-e=, _adj._, decided, determined, resolved, resolute; confident. =décidément=, _adv._, decidedly, positively; actually, really; on considération. ☉=décidence=, _n.f._, the falling of the womb. =décider=, _v.a._, to decide, to determine, to settle, to induce, to persuade. =décider=, _v.n._, to decide, to determine. _Que le sort décide entre nous_; let fortune determine between us. _Cet événement décida de mon sort_; that event decided my fate. _se_ =décider=, _v.r._, to decide, to determine, to resolve, to make up one’s mind; to be decided, to be settled. _La victoire s’est décidée en faveur de nos armes_; victory favored our arms. _Tout se décidait par intérêt_; everything was decided by interest. =décidu=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) deciduous. =décigramme=, _n.m._, decigram (15·4325 grain). =décilitre=, _n.m._, deciliter (0·176 pint). =déciller=. _V._ =dessiller=. =décimable=, _adj._, tithable. =décimal=, =-e=, _adj._, decimal. =décimateur=, _n.m._, tithe-owner. =décimation=, _n.f._, decimation. =décime=, _n.m._, decime, tenth part of a franc; war-tax. =décimer=, _v.a._, to decimate (to punish every tenth soldier); to destroy, to thin, to sweep off, to carry off, to annihilate. =décimètre=, _n.m._, decimeter (3·937 inches). =décimo=, _adv._, tenthly. =décintrement=, _n.m._, (arch.) removing the centerings (of walls). =décintrer=, _v.a._, (arch.) to remove the centers from an arch. =décintroir=, _n.m._, (tech.) cutting-hammer. =décirer=, _v.a._, to take the wax off. _Se —_; to become unwaxed; to lose its wax. =décisi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, decisive, conclusive; positive, peremptory. _C’est un homme —_; he is a positive man. _Prendre un ton —_; to assume a peremptory tone. =décision=, _n.f._, decision; determination; resolution. _Une — de droit_; a decision in law. =décisivement= (-ziv-mān), _adv._, decisively, peremptorily, positively. =décisoire=, _adj._, (jur.) decisory. =décistère=, _n.m._, decistere (3·53 cubic feet). =déciviliser=, _v.a._, to uncivilize. =déclamateur=, _n.m._, declaimer, stump-orator. _Ce n’est qu’un —_; he is a mere ranter. =déclamateur=, _adj._, declamatory, stilted, bombastic. _Style —_; high-flown style. =déclamation=, _n.f._, declamation, elocution; manner, art of reciting, declaiming; abuse, invective. _— oratoire_, _théâtrale_; oratorical, theatrical elocution. _Professeur de —_; teacher of elocution. _Il s’est livré à des —s contre sa partie adverse_; he indulged in invectives against his adversary. =déclamatoire=, _adj._, declamatory. =déclamer=, _v.a._, to declaim; to recite; to spout, to mouth (out). =déclamer=, _v.n._, to declaim; to recite; to spout, to rant, to inveigh. =déclarat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, declarer. =déclarati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, declaratory. =déclaration=, _n.f._, declaration, proclamation; disclosure; notification; (jur.) schedule; statute (of bankruptcy); (jur.) affidavit; verdict (of juries). _— d’entrée_, _de sortie_; declaration of goods (at the custom-house) on entering, on leaving the town. =déclaratoire=, _adj._, declaratory. =déclaré=, =-e=, _adj._, declared; open; avowed; acknowledged; recognized. _Ennemi —_; declared _or_ avowed enemy. =déclarer=, _v.a._, to declare, to make known; to proclaim; to certify; to denounce; to find (guilty, not guilty). _— sa volonté_; to make known one’s will. _se_ =déclarer=, _v.r._, to declare, to be declared, to break out, to speak one’s mind; to declare oneself, itself; to set in (of the weather). _La petite vérole s’est déclarée_; small-pox has broken out. =déclasser=, _v.a._, to alter the classing of; to undervalue, to depreciate; to strike off the rolls; to dismiss from the service. =déclaveter=, _v.n._, to get loose (of gearing). =déclencher=, _v.a._, to unlatch a door, to lift up the latch, to unhook, to loosen. =déclic=, _n.m._, (mec.) click; trigger, catch; monkey (of a pile-driver). =déclimater=, _v.a._, to declimatize. =déclin=, _n.m._, decline, decay; wane (of the moon); ebb; close; main-spring (of fire-arms). _L’hiver est sur son —_; winter is drawing to a close. _Le jour à son —_; twilight. =déclinable=, _adj._, (gram.) declinable. =déclinaison=, _n.f._, (gram.) declension; (astron., phys.) declination. _— de la boussole_; variation of the compass. _— d’un cadran_; declination of a dial. =déclinant=, =-e=, _adj._, declining. _Cadran —_; declining dial. =déclinatoire=, _adj._, declinatory. _Exception —_; exception. =déclinatoire=, _n.m._, (jur.) declinatory plea, exception. =décliner=, _v.n._, to decline; to be on the wane, to fall off; to refuse to entertain. _Ses forces déclinent beaucoup_; his strength is fast declining. _Ce malade décline tous les jours_; the patient is falling away every day. =décliner=, _v.a._, (gram.) to decline; to state. _— son nom_; to state one’s name. _— une juridiction_; to decline, to except to, the jurisdiction of a court of law. =déclive=, _adj._, declivous, sloping; (surg.) dependent. =déclivité=, _n.f._, declivity, slope. =décloîtrer=, _v.a._, to withdraw from a convent, to uncloister; to secularize. _se_ =décloîtrer=, _v.r._, to leave the cloister; to return to the world; to unfrock oneself. =déclore=, _v.a._, to unclose, to throw open. =déclos=, =-e=, _part._, unclosed; open. =déclôture=, _n.f._, unclosing, opening. =déclouer=, _v.a._, to unnail. =décochement= (-kosh-mān), _n.m._, discharge, darting (of arrows, shafts); shooting. =décocher=, _v.a._, to discharge, to let fly (arrows); to let fly; to bring out; to dart. =décoction=, _n.f._, (pharm.) decoction. *=décognoir=, _n.m._, (print.) shooting-stick. =décoiffer=, _v.a._, to take off a head-dress, to undress the hair; to take the sealing-wax off the cork of a bottle. _— St. Pierre pour coiffer St. Paul_; to rob Peter to pay Paul. _se_ =décoiffer=, _v.r._, to undo one’s head-dress, to take off one’s cap. _Cet enfant se décoiffe tous jours_; that child is constantly pulling off its cap. =décoinçage=, _n.m._, unwedging; (rail.) unkeying, unlocking. =décoincer=, _v.a._, to unwedge; (rail.) to unkey. _se_ =décoincer=, _v.r._, to get unwedged. =décollation=, _n.m._, decollation, beheading. =décollement= (-kol-mān), _n.m._, ungluing, unpasting, coming off. =décoller=, _v.a._, to behead; to unglue, to deglutinate; to come off the cushion (at billiards). _se_ =décoller=, _v.r._, to unglue, to get unglued, to come off (the cushion). =décolleté=, =-e=, _part._, in a low dress; (of dresses) low; (fig.) broad, free, licentious. =décolleter= (-kol-té), _v.a._, to uncover the neck. _se_ =décolleter=, _v.r._, to bare one’s shoulders; to wear a low dress. =décolleter=, _v.n._, to leave the neck bare. =décoloration=, _n.f._, discoloration. =décoloré=, =-e=, _part._, discolored, faded; (fig.) (of style) tame, colorless. =décolorer=, _v.a._, to discolor, to take away the color of, to change from the natural hue of. _se_ =décolorer=, _v.r._, to lose one’s _or_ its color; to become discolored, to fade. _Ces roses se décolorent_; these roses are losing their color. =décombler=, _v.a._, to empty. =décombrer=, _v.a._, to clear away rubbish from, to clear. =décombres=, _n.m.pl._, rubbish, ruins. =décommander=, _v.a._, to countermand. _se_ =décommander=, _v.r._, to be countermanded. =décompléter=, _v.a._, to render incomplete. =décomposable=, _adj._, decomposable; decompoundable. =décomposé=, =-e=, _part._, decomposed; decomposite. _Un visage —_; a distorted countenance. =décomposer=, _v.a._, to decompose, to discompose, to distort; to decompound. _La terreur décompose le visage_; terror distorts the face. _se_ =décomposer=, _v.r._, to decompose, to become decomposed; to be distorted. =décomposition=, _n.f._, decomposition, analysis; discomposition. =décompte= (dé-kont), _n.m._, deduction; allowance; deficiency; drawback; disappointment. _Trouver du —_; to be disappointed. =décompter= (dé-kon-té), _v.a._, to deduct; to reckon off. =décompter=, _v.n._, to reckon off; to be disappointed; to lose one’s illusions. =déconcerté=, =-e=, _adj._, disconcerted. =déconcerter=, _v.a._, to disconcert, to confuse, to foil, to baffle. _se_ =déconcerter=, _v.r._, to be disconcerted or put out; to be confused. =déconclure=, _v.a._, to annul, to break off. =déconfire=, _v.a._, to discomfit; to nonplus; to do for. =déconfiture=, _n.f._, discomfiture; havoc; overthrow, break-down; (jur.) insolvency. =déconfort=, _n.m._, discomfort, sorrow, distress. =déconforter=, _v.a._, to discomfort, to grieve, to distress. *=déconseiller=, _v.a._, to dissuade. =déconsidération=, _n.f._, disrepute; disesteem, discredit. =déconsidéré=, =-e=, _adj._, sunk into disrepute, discredited. =déconsidérer=, _v.a._, to bring into disrepute, to discredit. _se_ =déconsidérer=, _v.r._, to fall, to sink, into disrepute. =déconstruire=, _v.a._, to take to pieces; to unbuild, to demolish, to pull down; to decompose; (gram.) to construct badly. _— des vers_; to turn verse into prose. =décontenancé=, =-e=, _part._, out of countenance, abashed. =décontenancer=, _v.a._, to abash, to put out of countenance. _se_ =décontenancer=, _v.r._, to be put out of countenance, to be abashed. =déconvenue=, _n.f._, discomfiture, disaster, mishap, failure. =décor=, _n.m._, decoration, ornamental painting; (paint.) graining. _pl._, (theat.) scenery. _— en bois_; graining in imitation of wood. _Peintre en —s_; grainer. =décorateur=, _n.m._, ornamental painter, decorator; scene-painter; grainer. =décorati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, decorative, ornamental. =décoration=, _n.f._, decoration, embellishment; star; star of the order of the Legion of Honor. _pl._, scenery. _Porter une —_; to wear the star of an order. =décorder=, _v.a._, to untwist, to untwine. =décoré=, =-e=, _part._, knighted; decorated; wearing the insignia of some order of knighthood. =décoré=, _n.m._, knight; knight of the Legion of Honor. =décorer=, _v.a._, to decorate, to ornament, to adorn; to dignify; to trim; to set off; to confer (titles, honors); to confer the knighthood of the Legion of Honor; to paint. _— d’un ordre_; to confer an order. _Se — d’un titre_; to assume a title. =décorner=, _v.a._, to unhorn. _— un livre_; to undo the dog’s ear of. _— une carte_; to turn the corner of. =décortication=, _n.f._, stripping off bark, decortication; pulping, husking, barking. =décortiquer=, _v.a._, to decorticate, to bark, to husk. =décorum= (-rom), _n.m._, decorum, propriety, decency. _Observer le —_; to observe proprieties. _C’est pour garder le —_; it is for decency’s sake. _Blesser le —_; to offend against the laws of decorum. =découcher=, _v.n._, to sleep out; to stay out all night. =découcher=, _v.a._, to turn out of bed. =découdre=, _v.a._, to unsew, to unstitch, to rip up. _se_ =découdre=, _v.r._, to come unsewed, unstitched. =découdre=, _v.n._, to contend. _Ils veulent en —_; they are bent on coming to blows, or fighting it out. =découlant=, =-e=, _adj._, flowing, running. =découlement= (-kool-mān), _n.m._, flowing, running, dropping, trickling. =découler=, _v.n._, to trickle, to flow, to run; to spring from, to proceed. _La sueur découlait de son visage_; the perspiration was running down his face. _C’est de Dieu que les grâces découlent_; all blessings flow from God. =découpage=, _n.m._, (tech.) cutting out, carving out. _— à l’emporte-pièce_; punching. =découpé=, =-e=, _part._, (paint.) cut out; (bot.) cut; standing out, defined, sharp, clear (of a landscape). =découpé=, _n.m._, (hort.) mingled bed, parterre. =découper=, _v.a._, to cut into pieces, into shreds; to cut up, to carve; to pink, to slash; to cut out. _— un poulet_; to carve a fowl. _— une jupe_; to slash a petticoat. _— des figures_; to cut out figures. _se_ =découper=, _v.r._, to stand out, to show up against. =découpeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, carver, pinker, cutter. =découple= _or_ =découpler=, _n.m._, (hunt.) uncoupling, unleashing of dogs. =découplé=, =-e=, _part._, uncoupled; strapping. _C’est un gaillard bien —_; he is a strapping fellow. _Une fille bien —e_; a well-set girl. =découpler=, _v.a._, to uncouple, to unleash, to let loose. =découpoir=, _n.m._, (tech.) punch, stamping-machine, stamping press; butler’s tray. =découpure=, _n.f._, cutting out, pinking, work cut out; cut paper-work. =décourageant=, =-e= (-jān, -t), _adj._, discouraging, disheartening. =découragement= (-raj-mān), _n.m._, discouragement; despondency. _Tomber dans le —_; to become discouraged. =décourager=, _v.a._, to discourage, to dishearten, to daunt, to deter. _se_ =décourager=, _v.r._, to be discouraged, disheartened. _Il y a de quoi se —_; it is enough to dishearten one. =décourant=, =-e=, _adj._ _V._ =décurrent=. =décourber=, _v.a._, to unyoke barge horses; to unbend, to straighten. =découronner=, _v.a._, to discrown, to lay bare. _— une hauteur_; to sweep the top of a hill (of troops). =décours=, _n.m._, decrease; wane (of the moon). =décousu=, =-e=, _part._, _adj._, unsewed, unstitched, ripped; (of style, etc.) desultory, loose, unconnected. _Style —_; desultory style. _Des idées —es_; unconnected ideas. =décousure=, _n.f._, seam-rent; (hunt.) gash (by a wild boar). =découvert=, =-e=, _part._, uncovered, detected, plain; discovered, open; unguarded; undecked (of boats). _Une allée —e_; an open walk. _Un pays —_; an open country. _À —_; in the open, exposed to the fire of the enemy; unprotected; barefaced; (com.) overdrawn. _Être à —_; (com.) to have no security, to be unsecured; to be overdrawn. =découvert=, _n.m._, (com.) uncovered balance, overdraft, deficit. =découverte=, _n.f._, discovery, detection; (nav.) lookout; (milit.) reconnoitering. _Aller à la —_; to scout. _Envoyer à la — de_; to send to reconnoiter. =découvreur=, _n.m._, discoverer. =découvrir=, _v.a._, to uncover, to expose, to lay bare, to bare, to unmuffle, to unroof; to see, to spy out, to discover, to disclose; to unveil; to find out, to descry, to discern; to detect. _— les racines d’un arbre_; to lay bare the roots of a tree. _— son jeu_; to show one’s cards; to betray oneself. _Je lui ai découvert mon cœur_; I opened my heart to him. _— une mine d’or_; to discover a gold mine. _— le pot aux roses_; to find out the intrigue, the mystery. _se_ =découvrir=, _v.r._, to uncover oneself, to unbosom oneself; to expose oneself; to be detected; to make oneself known, to betray oneself; to clear up (of the sky). =décramponner=, _v.a._, to uncramp, to loosen. _se_ =décramponner=, _v.r._, to let go one’s hold. =décrasse-peigne=, _n.m._, comb-cleaner, comb-brush. =décrasser=, _v.a._, to take off the dirt, to clean, to scour, to polish. _— la tête_; to clean the head. _Il faut — ce jeune homme_; that young man requires brushing up. _se_ =décrasser=, _v.r._, to wash, to clean oneself; to polish oneself, to become polished. =décréditement= (-dit-mān), _n.m._, discrediting, discredit; disrepute. =décréditer=, _v.a._, to discredit, to disgrace, to bring into discredit _or_ disrepute. _se_ =décréditer=, _v.r._, to sink into discredit, to lose one’s credit _or_ reputation. =décrépi=, =-e=, _adj._, unplastered. =décrépir=, _v.a._, (mas.) to unplaster. =décrépissage=, _n.m._, (mas.) unplastering. =décrépit=, =-e=, _adj._, decrepit, broken-down. =décrépitation=, _n.f._, decrepitation, crackling. =décrépiter=, _v.n._, to decrepitate, to crackle. =décrépitude=, _n.f._, decrepitude. =décret=, _n.m._, decree, fiat, order, enactment; ☉(jur.) writ; order in council. =décrétale=, _n.f._, decretal. =décréter=, _v.a._, to decree, to order, to enact; ☉(jur.) to issue a writ against. =décreusage=, _n.m._, ungumming (of silk). =décreuser=, _v.a._, to ungum. =décri=, _n.m._, crying down, prohibition; disrepute, discredit. =décrier=, _v.a._, to decry, to cry down, to run down; to discredit, to bring into disrepute. _se_ =décrier=, _v.r._, to bring one’s self into disrepute; to cry one another down. =décrire=, _v.a._, to describe, to trace, to draw. _se_ =décrire=, _v.r._, to be described. =décrocher=, _v.a._, to unhook, to take down. _se_ =décrocher=, _v.r._, to become unhooked. =décroire=, _v.a._, to disbelieve, to discredit. =décroisement=, _n.m._, uncrossing. =décroiser=, _v.a._, to uncross. =décroissance=, _n.f._ _V._ =décroissement=. =décroissant=, =-e=, _adj._, decreasing, diminishing; decrescent; (math.) descending. =décroissement= (-kroas-mān), _n.m._, decrease, diminution, wane. =décroître=, _v.n._, to decrease, to diminish, to wane; to draw in (of days); to come down (in life). =décrottage=, _n.m._, cleaning of boots, trowsers. =décrotter=, _v.a._, to rub off the dirt, to clean, to brush off. _se_ =décrotter=, _v.r._, to clean or brush one’s self. =décrotteur=, _n.m._, shoe-boy, shoe-black. =décrottoir=, _n.m._, a scraper (for shoes). =décrottoire=, _n.f._, shoe-brush, hard brush. =décrue=, _n.f._, decrease; fall (of water). _La crue et la — de l’eau_; the rise and fall of water. =décruer=, _v.a._, (dy.) to scour (silk). =décrûment=, _n.m._, (dy.) scouring. =décrusement= _or_ =décrusage=, _n.m._, (dy.) ungumming. =décruser=, _v.a._, to ungum. =déçu=, =-e=, _part._, deceived; frustrated. =décuire=, _v.a._, to thin (syrup). _Ce sirop est trop épais, il faut le —_; this syrup is too thick, it must be thinned. =déculassement=, _n.m._, unbreeching. =déculasser=, _v.a._, to unbreech (a gun). =décuple=, _adj._, tenfold, decuple. =décuple=, _n.m._, decuple, tenfold. _Il a gagné le — de ce qu’il avait avancé_; he has gained ten times as much as he laid out. =décupler=, _v.a._, to increase tenfold. =décurie=, _n.f._, (antiq.) decury. =décurion=, _n.m._, (antiq.) decurion. =décurrent=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) decurrent. =décursi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, decursive. =décussation=, _n.f._, decussation. =décuvage=, _n.m._, _or_ =décuvaison=, _n.f._, tunning (of wine). =décuver=, _v.a._, to tun. *=dédaigner=, _v.a._, to disdain, to scorn, to despise, to slight, to disregard, to turn up one’s nose at. *=dédaigneusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, disdainfully, scornfully. *=dédaigneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, disdainful, scornful; regardless, careless of. _Faire le —_; to turn up one’s nose at. =dédain=, _n.m._, disdain, scorn, disregard. _Prendre en —_; to conceive a dislike for. =dédale=, _n.m._, labyrinth, maze. =dédamer=, _v.n._, to displace a man (at draughts). _v.a._, to uncrown a king. =dedans=, _adv._, within, in; inside. _Il est là-dedans_; he is within. _En —_; on the inside, within. _Sa porte était fermée en —_; his door was fastened inside. _Donner —_; to fall into the trap. _Être —_; to be in for it. _Mettre quelqu’un —_; to take any one in. _Se mettre —_; to get taken in, to get into a scrape. _De —_; from within. _Par —_; within, inside. _Être tout en —_; to be uncommunicative, reticent, close. =dedans=, _n.m._, inside; interior. _Du — au dehors_; from within outwards. _Au — et au dehors_; at home and abroad. =dédicace=, _n.f._, dedication, consecration; inscription. =dédicatoire=, _adj._, dedicatory. =dédier=, _v.a._, to dedicate, to consecrate; to devote; to inscribe. =dédire=, _v.a._, to gainsay, to unsay, to contradict, to disown. _se_ =dédire=, _v.r._, to recant, to retract, to unsay what one has said; to go back from one’s word, to recede. _Se — de sa promesse_; to revoke one’s promise. _Il ne peut s’en —_; he cannot go back on it _or_ back out of it. =dédit=, _n.m._, unsaying; forfeit, forfeiture; retraction; deed stipulating forfeiture. _Au — de_; on the forfeiture of. _Avoir son dit et son —_; to say yes one day and no the next. =dédommagement= (-maj-mān), _n.m._, indemnification; compensation, damages, amends, indemnity. =dédommager=, _v.a._, to indemnify, to make amends, to make good; to compensate, to make up for. _se_ =dédommager=, _v.r._, to indemnify one’s self, to recoup one’s self. =dédorer=, _v.a._, to ungild. _Jeunesse dédorée_; degenerate youth. _se_ =dédorer=, _v.r._, to lose its gilt (of metal, etc.). =dédoublé=, _n.m._, diluted alcohol. =dédoublement= _or_ =dédoublage=, _n.m._, dividing into two; unlining; diluting. =dédoubler=, _v.a._, to take out the lining; to divide into two; to dilute; (nav.) to unsheath (a vessel). _— une pierre_; to cut a stone into two parts lengthwise. _se_ =dédoubler=, _v.r._, to become unlined, to be unfolded; to be divided into two; to be diluted; (nav.) to be unsheathed. =déduction=, _n.f._, deduction; set off; inference; taking from, defalcation; (obsol.) enumeration, recital. =déduire= (déduisant, déduit), _v.a._, to take from, to deduct, to subtract; to draw from, to deduce, to infer. ☉=déduit=, _n.m._, amusement, pleasure, pastime. =déesse=, _n.f._, goddess, female deity. =défâcher=, _v.a._, to pacify. _se_ =défâcher=, _v.r._, to be pacified or pleased again, to cool down; to cease to be angry. _S’il est fâché, qu’il se défâche_; if he is angry, let him cool down again. =défaçonner=, _v.a._, to put out of shape; to spoil any one’s manners. _se_ =défaçonner=, _v.r._, to get out of shape; to lose one’s good manners. *=défaillance=, _n.f._, fainting fit, swoon; exhaustion; extinction (of a family); ☉(chem.) deliquescence. _Tomber en —_; to fall into a swoon; (jur.) default. *=défaillant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (jur.) defaulter. *=défaillant=, =-e=, _adj._, falling off; decaying; without heirs; weak, feeble; faltering, unsteady. *=défaillir=, _v.n._, to grow faint and weak, to fail, to sink; to decay; to swoon, to faint away. _Ses forces défaillent tous les jours_; his strength fails him every day. _Il se sent —_; he feels himself sinking. _Je me sentis —_; I felt I was going to faint. =défaire=, _v.a._, to undo, to unmake; to take asunder; to unpin; to unrip; to unknit; to make away with; to defeat, to rout; to eclipse, to obscure; to emaciate, to make lean, to waste; to discompose, to alter; to free, to deliver, to rid. _— une malle_; to unpack a trunk. _— un nœud_; to untie a knot. _Sa maladie l’a bien défait_; his illness has given him a worn appearance. _Défaites-moi de cet importun_; rid me of that troublesome fellow. _— un marché_, _— un mariage_; to annul, break off, a bargain, a marriage. _se_ =défaire=, _v.r._, to rid one’s self, to get rid of, to get quit of, to ease one’s self of, to make away, to forsake, to leave off; to come undone, to become loose; to lose strength and quality (of wine). _Se — de son ennemi_; to dispatch one’s enemy. _Se — d’un vice_; to throw off a vice. _Se — d’une mauvaise habitude_; to break one’s self of a bad habit. _Défaites-vous de vos préjugés_; shake off your prejudices. _Se — de sa marchandise_; to sell off one’s wares. _Se — d’un bénéfice_; to give up a living. _Se — d’un cheval_; to part with a horse. _Se — d’un domestique_; to discharge a servant. _Ce vin se défait_; this wine is losing its flavor. =défait=, =-e=, _part._, undone, defeated; meager, lean, wasted; pale; worn out, wan. =défaite=, _n.f._, defeat, overthrow; (com.) sale; evasion, shift, put-off, sham, pretense. _Ces marchandises-là sont de bonne —_; those goods command a ready sale. _La — est ingénieuse_; that is an ingenious evasion. _C’est une —_; that is a mere put-off. =défalcation=, _n.f._, defalcation, deduction. =défalquer=, _v.a._, to take off, to defalcate, to deduct. =défausser=, _v.a._, to straighten. _se_ =défausser=, _v.r._, (at cards) to get rid of useless cards, or to play a card of another suit. =défaut=, _n.m._, defect; fault; flaw, blemish; want; shortcoming; default. _Chacun a ses —s_; every one has his defects. _Il n’y a personne sans —_; there is no man but has his faults. _Cette pièce de porcelaine a un —_; there is a flaw in that piece of china. _Le — de blé_, _de subsistances_; want of corn, of victuals. _C’est là le — de la cuirasse_; that’s his weak point. _Condamner par —_; to cast for non-appearance. _Jugement par —_; judgment by default. _Les chiens sont en —_; the hounds have lost the scent. _Trouver quelqu’un en —_; to find any one at fault. _Mettre quelqu’un en —_; to baffle, to foil any one, to throw off the scent. _Au —_, _à — de_; in default of, for want of. _Faire —_; to be wanting; to fail; to be missed. =défaveur=, _n.f._, disfavor, disgrace, discredit. =défavorable=, _adj._, unfavorable, disparaging. =défavorablement=, _adv._, unfavorably; disparagingly. =défécation=, _n.f._, (pharm.) defecation. _Matière à —_; temper (of sugar). =défecti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) defective. =défection=, _n.f._, defection, falling off, disloyalty. =défectivité=, _n.f._, (gram.) defectiveness. =défectueusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, defectively. =défectueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, defective, imperfect. =défectuosité=, _n.f._, defect, imperfection, flaw. =défendable=, _adj._, defensible, tenable. =défendant=, _part._, defending. _Il l’a tué à son corps —_; he killed him in self-defense. _Faire une chose à son corps —_; to do a thing reluctantly, in self-defense. =défende-ur=, _n.m._, =-resse=, _n.f._, (jur.) defendant; respondent. =défendre=, _v.a._, to defend, to protect; to shelter, to shield, to support, to uphold, to vindicate; to forbid, to prohibit. _— son ami_; to defend one’s friend. _On a défendu le port des armes_; the carrying of arms is prohibited. _La raison nous défend de faire une injustice_; reason forbids us to do an injustice. _— sa maison à quelqu’un_; to forbid any one the house. =défendre=, _v.n._, (jur.) to defend. _Il a été condamné faute de —_; he was cast for want of being defended; (nav.) to fend off. _se_ =défendre=, _v.r._, to defend one’s self; to excuse one’s self from doing a thing; to clear one’s self; to deny a thing; to keep, to shield one’s self from; to help, to forbear. _Cet accusé a voulu se — lui-même_; that prisoner wanted to conduct his own defense. _Il ne peut se — de tant de reproches_; he cannot clear himself from so many imputations. _Ne pas s’en —_; to acknowledge, admit anything. _Je ne m’en défends pas_; I admit it, own it. =défens=, _n.m._, (forestry) defense (of forests). =défendures=, _n.f.pl._, hurdles, fences. =défense=, _n.f._, defense, protection; prohibition, interdiction; apology, vindication, justification; warning, notice; task; (nav.) fender; skid; boom. _pl._, (fort.) outwork, defense; tusk, fang (of boars); tusk (elephants). _Se mettre en —_; to stand upon one’s defense. _Être hors de —_; not to be in a condition to defend one’s self. _Bois en —_; a wood so far grown that cattle may be let into it without danger to the trees. _Cordes de —_; fenders of junk _or_ old cable. _Faire —_; to forbid, to prohibit. _Preuves alléguées pour la — d’une cause_; plea. _Donner ses —s_; to answer. _Arrêt de —_; decree to suspend the execution of a former decree. _Armé_, _muni_, _de —s_; tusked, fanged (of boars, elephants). _— d’entrer_; no admittance except on business. _— de fumer_; no smoking allowed. _— d’uriner_; commit no nuisance. =défenseur=, _n.m._, defender, supporter, vindicator, advocate; defender, counsel. _Un — nommé d’office_; a defender appointed by the court. =défensi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, defensive. =défensive=, _n.f._, safeguard, defensive. _Se tenir sur la —_; to stand upon the defensive. =déféquer=, _v.a._, to defecate. =déférant=, =-e=, _adj._, complying, condescending, yielding. =déférence=, _n.f._, deference, regard, respect. =déférent=, _adj.m._, deferent. _Cercle —_; (anc. astron.) deferent. _Canal —_; (anat.) deferent. =déférer=, _v.a._, to confer, to bestow; to tender, to inform against. _— le serment à quelqu’un_; to tender an oath to, to bring before any one, to put any one on his oath. _— quelqu’un en justice_; to impeach any one in court. _— quelqu’un à l’inquisition_; to report any one to the inquisition. =déférer=, _v.n._, to defer, to yield, to comply, to condescend. _— aux sentiments des autres_; to defer to the sentiments of others. _— à quelqu’un_; to pay deference to one. =déferler=, _v.a._, (nav.) to unfurl. =déferler=, _v.n._, to break into foam, to roll in (of the sea). _La lame déferle_; the wave bursts into foam, rolls in shore. =déferrer=, _v.a._, to unshoe (a horse); to nonplus, to confound. _se_ =déferrer=, _v.r._, to come off, to fall off, to lose a shoe; to be nonplused _or_ confounded. _Mon lacet se déferre_; the tag is coming off my lace. =défet=, _n.m._, waste sheet (in bookselling). *=défeuillaison=, _n.f._, defoliation. *=défeuiller=, _v.a._, to take off the leaves. _Le vent a défeuillé les arbres_; the wind has blown off the leaves. _se_ =défeuiller=, _v.r._, to lose, to shed their leaves (of trees). _Les arbres se défeuillent_; the trees are losing, shedding their leaves. =défi=, _n.m._, defiance, challenge. _Un cartel de —_; a written challenge. _Envoyer un — à quelqu’un_; to send any one a challenge. _Je lui ai fait un — aux échecs_; I challenged him to a game at chess. _Mettre au —_; to set at defiance. =défiance=, _n.f._, distrust, mistrust; diffidence, caution. _Concevoir de la —_; to entertain distrust. _Être dans la —_; to have one’s misgivings. _Une sotte — le retient_; he is held back by a foolish diffidence. =défiant=, =-e=, _adj._, distrustful, mistrustful, suspicious. =déficient=, =-e=, _adj._, (arith.) deficient. =déficit= (-sit), _n.m._, deficit, deficiency. _Combler le —_; to make up the deficit. =défier=, _v.a._, to defy, to challenge; to brave, to face, to dare; to set at defiance. _— quelqu’un au trictrac_; to challenge any one to play at backgammon. _— les dangers_, to face dangers. _Il ne faut jamais — un fou_; never bid defiance to a madman. _Je vous défie de m’en donner la preuve_; I defy you to give me a proof of it. =défier=, _v.n._, (nav.) to bear off, to fend. _se_ =défier=, _v.r._, to defy, to challenge, each other; to distrust, to mistrust; to suspect. _Je me défie de cet homme_; I distrust that man. _Se — de ses forces_; to distrust one’s own strength. _Se — de soi-même_; to distrust one’s self. =défigurement=, _n.m._, disfigurement; defacement. =défigurer=, _v.a._, to disfigure, to mar, to distort, to spoil. _La petite vérole l’a tout défiguré_; the small-pox has quite disfigured him. _— la vérité_; to distort the truth. _se_ =défigurer=, _v.r._, to disfigure one’s self, to become disfigured, to become deformed. =défilade=, _n.f._, filing past; going off _or_ past; marching past. =défilé=, _n.m._, defile, narrow pass; strait, difficulty; (milit.) defiling, filing off _or_ past, marching past. _Je ne vois aucun moyen de sortir de ce —_; I see no way of getting out of this difficulty. =défilement=, _n.m._, filing off, marching past _or_ going past; (fort.) defilading. =défiler=, _v.a._, to unstring, to unthread; to untwist. _— des perles_; to unstring pearls. _— son chapelet_; to say all one has to say (on a subject). _Elle a défilé son chapelet_; she has given up devotion. _Le chapelet se défile_; the association is falling to pieces. _— un ouvrage_; (fort.) to defilade. =défiler=, _v.n._, to defile, to file off, march past, go past. _Les soldats ne pouvaient — que deux à deux_; the soldiers could only go past two by two. =défiler=, _n.m._, (milit., l.u.) filing off, marching past. =défini=, _n.m._, the definite. =défini=, =-e=, _part._, determined, definite, defined. _Nombre —_; definite number. =définir=, _v.a._, to define, to determine; to decide; to explain, to describe. _— une personne_; to give an idea of a person. _Se —_; to be defined, to be determined, to be made out. =définissable=, _adj._, definable. =définisseur=, _n.m._, definer. =définiteur=, _n.m._, definitor (in convents). =définiti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, definitive, final; ultimate, eventual, peremptory, positive. _En —ve_; definitively, after all, in short. _En —ve, que voulez-vous?_ in a word, what do you want? =définition=, _n.f._, definition; decision, determination. _Faire une —_; to give a definition. =définitivement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, definitively, positively, decidedly, ultimately, eventually. =définitoire=, _n.m._, chapter (of monks). =déflagration=, _n.f._, (chem.) deflagration. =défléchi=, =-e=, _adj._, turned aside, deflected. =défléchir=, _v.n._, to turn from _or_ aside, to deflect. _se_ =défléchir=, _v.r._, to deflect. =déflegmation=, _n.f._, (chem.) dephlegmation. =déflegmer=, _v.a._, (chem.) to dephlegmate. =défleuraison=, _n.f._, fall of the blossom. =défleurir=, _v.n._, to shed blossoms. =défleurir=, _v.a._, to nip or strip off blossoms; to take off the bloom of fruit (by handling it). =déflexion=, _n.f._, (phys.) deviation, deflection. =défloration=, _n.f._, defloration. =déflorer=, _v.a._, to deflour, to deflower. _— un sujet_; to take the freshness off a subject. ☉=défluer=, _v.n._, (astrol.) to flow, to recede. =défonçage=, _n.m._, (agri.) subsoil plowing; trenching. =défoncé=, =-e=, _part._, broken, battered in. _Chemin —_; broken road. =défoncement= (-fons-mān), _n.m._, (tech.) staving in, beating in of the head of casks; (agri.) digging up; deep plowing. =défoncer=, _v.a._, to stave in (a cask); to bilge; to cut up; to knock in (the head of a cask). _— un terrain_; to dig up, to trench ground. _— une peau_; to dip a hide. _— un chapeau_; to batter in a hat. _se_ =défoncer=, _v.r._, to give way at the bottom; to break up (of roads); to get cut up. =déformation=, _n.f._, deformation. =déformé=, =-e=, _adj._, deformed, out of shape. =déformer=, _v.a._, to put out of form, to throw out of shape. _se_ =déformer=, _v.r._, to lose the proper form or shape, to get out of shape. _Sa taille se déforme_; her figure is losing its shape, its litheness. =défortifier=, _v.a._, to dismantle. _se_ =défortifier=, _v.r._, to get dismantled. =défouetter=, _v.a._, (book-bind.) to untie. =défournement=, _n.m._, drawing out of the oven. =défourner=, _v.a._, to draw out of an oven. _— le pain_; to draw the batch. =défourrer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to unwrap, to take off the envelope. =défrai=, _n.m._, (pop.) defraying, settling expenses. =défraîchi=, _adj._, no longer fresh; faded. =défraîchir=, _v.a._, to destroy, to take off, the brilliancy, gloss, _or_ freshness of a thing. _se_ =défraîchir=, _v.r._, to lose its brilliancy, freshness. =défranciser=, _v.a._, to unfrenchify. =défrayement=, _n.m._, defraying. =défrayer=, _v.a._, to defray, to bear, the cost of; to amuse; to be the laughing-stock of. _— la compagnie_; to be the laughing-stock of the company. =défrayeur=, _n.m._, defrayer. =défrichage= _or_ =défrichement= (-frish-mān), _n.m._, clearing, grubbing up; land so cleared. _Faire le — d’un terrain_; to clear a piece of ground. _Ce — est en plein rapport cette année_; this piece of cleared land is in full bearing this year. =défriché=, _adj._, cleared (of land). =défricher=, _v.a._, to clear, to grub up; to unravel (l.u.). _— un champ_; to clear a field. =défricheur=, _n.m._, clearer, digger. =défrisement= (-friz-mān), _n.m._, uncurling. =défriser=, _v.a._, to uncurl, to put out of curl; (pop.) to disappoint, to ruffle. _se_ =défriser=, _v.r._, to uncurl, come out of curl. =défroncement=, _n.m._, unplaiting, unfolding. =défroncer=, _v.a._, to undo gathers, folds, or plaits; to unknit (the brows). _— le sourcil_; to smooth one’s brow. =défroque=, _n.f._, old clothes; old things, effects; cast-off clothes. =défroquer=, _v.a._, to unfrock. _se_ =défroquer=, _v.r._, to forsake, to renounce one’s order (of monks). =défruiter=, _v.a._, to strip of its fruit. =défuner=, _v.a._, (nav.) to strip (a mast). =défunt=, =-e=, _adj._, defunct, deceased, late. _Les enfants du —_; the deceased’s children. =dégagé=, =-e=, _part._, disengaged; redeemed (of a pledge); flippant; bold; easy; slender, graceful. _Chambre —e_; room that has a back-door. _Escalier —_; back stairs. _Taille —e_; free, easy figure (pers.). _Air —_; free, easy way _or_ manner. =dégagement= (-gaj-mān), _n.m._, redeeming, disengagement, clearance; (fenc.) disengaging; release, liberation, discharge. _Le — d’effets déposés au mont-de-piété_; the redeeming of articles at the pawnbroker’s. _Le — de sa parole_; the calling in of one’s word. _Le — de la voie publique_; the clearing of the street. _Le — de la poitrine_; the easing of the chest. _Escalier de —_; private staircase. _Tuyau de —_; waste pipe. =dégager=, _v.a._, to redeem; to take out of pawn; to free, to clear, to disengage, to extricate, to disentangle, to separate; to evolve; to deliver, to rescue. _— sa parole_; to redeem one’s word; to withdraw one’s word. _— quelqu’un de sa parole_; to release any one from his word. _— une porte_; to clear a doorway. _— la tête_, _la poitrine_; to ease, relieve, _or_ lighten the head, the chest. _Il l’a dégagé de ses ennemis_; he rescued him from his enemies. _Je le dégageai de ses liens_; I freed him from his bonds. _— le fer_; (fenc.) to disengage. _Cet habit dégage la taille_; that coat shows off the figure to advantage. _— les cheveux_; to disentangle the hair. _se_ =dégager=, _v.r._, to be cleared from; to extricate, to disengage, to free, to disentangle, to loose one’s self; to break loose; to get away, to get clear; (chem.) to be evolved. =dégaine=, _n.f._, (fam.) awkwardness; ridiculous manners, deportment, awkward gait, &c. _Quelle —!_ what a figure for you. =dégainer=, _n.m._, unsheathing, drawing (of a sword). _Être brave jusqu’au —_; to be brave till it comes to the push. =dégainer=, _v.a._, to draw, to unsheath one’s sword; to fork out. =dégaineur=, _n.m._, fighter, bully, quarrelsome fellow, professed duelist. =dégaler=, _v.a._, to pick clean (of skins). =dégalonner=, _v.a._, to unlace, unstrip. =déganter=, _v.a._, to pull off gloves. _se_ =déganter=, _v.r._, to take off one’s gloves. =dégarni=, =-e=, _adj._, unfinished; bare, naked; empty. =dégarnir=, _v.a._, to untrim, to unfurnish, to strip; to thin; to uncover; to dismantle. _— une chambre_, _une maison_; to unfurnish a room, a house. _— le cabestan_; (nav.) to unring the capstan. _— un vaisseau de ses agrès_; to strip a vessel of its rigging. _— un arbre_; to thin a tree. _— une robe_; to untrim a gown. _se_ =dégarnir=, _v.r._, to strip one’s self; to empty, become empty; to grow thin; to lose; to part with; to wear lighter clothes. _Sa tête se dégarnit_; his hair is growing thin. _La salle se dégarnit_; the house is getting empty. _Il ne faut pas trop se hâter de se —_; people should not be in too great a hurry to put on lighter clothing. =dégasconner=, _v.a._, to teach a Gascon to speak good French, to acquire French manners, &c. _se_ =dégasconner=, _v.r._, to lose the Gascon accent. =dégât=, _n.m._, havoc, damage, depredation, waste, ravage. _La grêle a fait un grand —_; the hail has caused great havoc. _Faire le —_; to ravage. =dégauchi=, =-e=, _adj._, planed, smoothed, straightened. =dégauchir=, _v.a._, to smooth, to plane, to level, to straighten; to form, to polish. _— un jeune homme_; to polish a young man. =dégauchissage= _or_ =dégauchissement= (-shis-mān), _n.m._, planing, straightening, leveling, smoothing. =dégazer=, _v.a._, (chem.) to free from gas. =dégazonnement=, _n.m._, unturfing. =dégazonner=, _v.a._, to unturf. =dégel=, _n.m._, thaw. _Avoir du —_; to have a thaw. _Être au —_; to be thawing (of the weather). _Le vent est au —_; the wind will bring on a thaw. =dégeler= (dé-jlé), _v.a.n._, to thaw. _se_ =dégeler=, _v.r._, to thaw. ☉=dégénérat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, degenerating. =dégénération=, _n.f._, degeneration; degeneracy, deterioration. =dégénérer=, _v.n._, to decline, to degenerate, to fall away (from). _— de ses ancêtres_; to degenerate from one’s ancestors. =dégénérescence=, _n.f._, (med.). _V._ =dégénération=. =dégénérescent=, =-e=, _adj._, degenerating. =dégingandé=, =-e=, _adj._, tottering; awkward; gawky; swinging in one’s gait; clumsy; ill-formed; unconnected; disjointed. _se_ =dégingander=, _v.r._, to get out of shape; to swing about. =dégîter=, _v.a._, (hunt.) to dislodge, to start. =dégluer=, _v.a._, to take off the bird-lime; to unglue. _se_ =dégluer=, _v.r._, to get rid of bird-lime; to get unglued _or_ cleared (of the eyes). =déglutition=, _n.f._, deglutition, swallowing. *=dégobiller=, _v.a._, (l.ex.) to bring up; to puke, to spew, to vomit, to throw up. *=dégobillis=, _n.m._, (l.ex.) vomit, spew. =dégoiser=, _v.a.n._, ☉to chirp, to twitter; to rattle; to blab out; to chatter; to prattle. _En dégoise-t-elle!_ how she does rattle on, to be sure! _Il a dégoisé tout ce qu’il sait_; he blabbed out all he knew. =dégommage=, _n.m._, ungumming. =dégommer=, _v.a._, (dy.) to wash out the gum; (pop.) to turn out of office; to oust; to kill. =dégonder=, _v.a._, to unhinge, to take from its hinge. _se_ =dégonder=, _v.r._, to come unhinged, to come off its hinges. =dégonflement=, _n.m._, subsiding, falling, collapsing; reduction. =dégonfler=, _v.a._, to cause a thing to collapse, to reduce a swelling; to discharge the gas from a balloon. _se_ =dégonfler=, _v.r._, to go down, to be reduced, to subside, to unbosom one’s self. =dégor=, _n.m._, a discharging tube. =dégorgement=, _n.m._, breaking out, overflowing; unstopping; outfall, outflow. _— d’un tuyau_; cleansing, unstopping of a pipe. =dégorgeoir= (-joar), _n.m._, priming-iron, vent-bit (for guns); outlet, issue; spout. =dégorger=, _v.a._, to clear, to open; to cleanse, to scour. =dégorger=, _v.n._, to discharge one’s self, to overflow. _Faire —_; to purge (fish); (fig.) to make any one stump up. _se_ =dégorger=, _v.r._, to discharge, to empty itself; to get unstopped, to get clear. =dégoter=, _v.a._, (pop.) to knock down; to oust, to displace, to push off. =dégourdi=, =-e=, _adj._, quick, sharp, acute, shrewd (pers.); tepid (water). _C’est un homme bien —_; he is a shrewd fellow. =dégourdi=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, quick, sharp, acute, shrewd man _or_ boy; pert, forward woman _or_ girl. =dégourdir=, _v.a._, to quicken, to revive; to sharpen, to render shrewd; to polish. _— ses jambes_; to stretch one’s limbs. _Faire — de l’eau_; to take the chill off water. _— un jeune homme_; to polish a young man. _se_ =dégourdir=, _v.r._, to remove the numbness from; to lose the numbness of; to stretch one’s self; to become sharp, polished, shrewd; to brighten up. =dégourdissement= (-dis-mān), _n.m._, removal of numbness; return of circulation; quickening, reviving. =dégoût=, _n.m._, disgust, disrelish, loathing; dislike, distaste; mortification. _Il lui a pris du — pour la viande_; he has taken a dislike to meat. _Avoir du — pour la vie_; to be disgusted with life. _On lui a donné bien des —s_; they made him swallow many a bitter pill. =dégoûtant=, =-e=, _adj._, disgusting, loathsome, distasteful, nauseous, sickening; unpleasant, disheartening. _Plaie —_; disgusting sore. =dégoûté=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, fastidious person, fastidious. _Faire le —_; to be squeamish, fastidious. _C’est un bon —_; he likes good things. _Vous n’êtes pas —!_ you’re not at all particular! I should rather think so! =dégoûter=, _v.a._, to disgust; to put out of conceit. _Cela est bien fait pour — quelqu’un du métier_; that is well calculated to disgust any one with the trade. _Il est dégoûté de la vie_; he is disgusted with life. _se_ =dégoûter=, _v.r._, to take a disgust, a dislike, a distaste to; to nauseate, to dislike, to lose courage, to be disheartened. =dégouttant=, =-e=, _adj._, dropping, dripping. =dégouttement=, _n.m._, dripping, falling in drops. =dégoutter=, _v.n._, to drop, to trickle, to drip, to dribble. _La sueur lui dégouttait du front_; the perspiration was rolling off his forehead. _Faire — du beurre sur de la viande_; to drip butter upon meat. =dégradant=, =-e=, _adj._, degrading, debasing. =dégradation=, _n.f._, degradation; (mil.) cashiering, drumming out; damage, dilapidation; (jur.) waste; (paint.) diminution of light and shade. =dégrader=, _v.a._, to debase, to degrade, to deface, to strip; (paint.) to diminish the light and shade; to damage, to dilapidate; (mil.) to cashier, to drum out. _— un bois_, _une maison_; to damage a wood, a house. _Le temps a dégradé ce monument_; time has defaced that monument. _se_ =dégrader=, _v.r._, to degrade, to debase, to disgrace one’s self; to become damaged, defaced, dilapidated; (jur.) to waste. =dégrafer=, _v.a._, to unclasp, to unhook. _se_ =dégrafer=, _v.r._, to become unhooked, unfastened (of garments); to unbutton, unhook, unfasten one’s clothes. =dégraissage= _or_ =dégraissement=, _n.m._, cleaning, scouring. =dégraisser=, _v.a._, to scour, to remove greasy stains; to fleece any one; to impoverish land, to carry off the soil; (carp.) to beard, to thin; (cook.) to remove fat. _— un bouillon_; to skim the fat off broth. _— un habit_; to clean a coat. _La poudre dégraisse les cheveux_; powder cleans the hair. _Terre à —_; fuller’s earth. _Les ravines dégraissent les terres_; torrents impoverish land (by carrying off the soil). =dégraisseur=, _n.m._, scourer, cleaner. =dégraissis=, _n.m._, scourings. =dégraissoir=, _n.m._, scraper. =dégravoiement= _or_ =dégravoîment=, _n.m._, (arch.) baring, laying bare (by water). =dégravoyer=, _v.a._, (arch.) to wash away, to bare, to lay bare (of water). =degré=, _n.m._, step, stair, staircase; stage, grade, gradation; degree, point, extent, pitch; (astron., geol., gram., math., phys.) degree; (of universities) degree. _À un très haut —_; to a very great extent. _Par —s_; gradually. _Au suprême —_; in the highest degree. =dégréement=, _n.m._, (nav.) unrigging. =dégréer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to unrig. _— un mât_; to strip a mast. =dégrèvement= (-grèv-mān), _n.m._, reduction, relief; disencumbrance; redemption. =dégrever=, _v.a._, to diminish, to reduce (a tax); to disencumber, to free, to redeem. =dégringolade=, _n.f._, fall, tumble. =dégringoler=, _v.n._, to run down, to tumble down; to topple down _or_ over; to go from bad to worse; to go to the dogs. =dégrisement= (-griz-mān), _n.m._, (fam.) sobering, getting sober; cooling down. =dégriser=, _v.a._, to sober; to cool, to bring to one’s senses. _se_ =dégriser=, _v.r._, to sober down; to come to one’s senses; to cool down; to lose one’s illusions. =dégrossage=, _n.m._, drawing fine; (wire-drawing) reducing, thinning. =dégrosser=, _v.a._, to reduce; to thin (ingots). =dégrossi=, _n.m._, (arts) roughing, rough-hewing, roughing down; dressing, drawing. =dégrossir=, _v.a._, to chip, to chip off the grosser parts; to rough-hew, to hew down; to clear up, to unravel; to make a rough sketch of. _— un bloc de marbre_; to chip a block of marble. =dégrossissage=, _n.m._, (arts) roughing, rough-hewing; roughening down; (carp.) dressing, trimming. *=déguenillé=, =-e= (dég-ni-ié), _n.m.f._ and _adj._, tatterdemalion, ragged person; tattered, ragged, in rags. _Un grand —_; a big tatterdemalion. _Quelle est cette petite —e?_ who is that little girl in rags and tatters? _Elle était toute —e_; she was in rags and tatters. _Un habit —_; a ragged coat. =déguerpir=, _v.a._, (jur.) to quit, to give up. =déguerpir= (-ghèr-), _v.n._, to pack off, to move off; to be gone. _Je le ferai bien —_; I’ll make him pack off. _— au plus vite_; to be gone as fast as possible. =déguerpissement= (-ghèr-pis-mān), _n.m._, (jur.) quitting; yielding, giving over, departure, removal. =dégueuler= (-gheu-), _v.n._, (l.ex.) to spew, to vomit. *=déguignonner= (-ghi-), _v.a._, to change ill-luck, to bring better luck to. =déguisement= (-ghiz-mān), _n.m._, concealment, disguise. _Parlez sans —_; speak openly. =déguisable=, _adj._, disguisable, concealable. =déguiser= (-ghi-), _v.a._, to disguise, to conceal, to hide. _On le déguisa en femme_; they disguised him as a woman. _se_ =déguiser=, _v.r._, to disguise one’s self; to conceal from one’s self. =dégustateur=, _n.m._, taster (of wines). =dégustation=, _n.f._, tasting (of wines). =déguster=, _v.a._, to taste (wines); to sip. _Se —_; to be tasted, to be sipped. =déhaler=, _v.n._, (nav.) to tow out _or_ back out. =déhâler=, _v.a._, to take off sun-burns. _se_ =déhâler=, _v.r._, to clear one’s complexion. =déhanché=, =-e=, _adj._, hipped, hipshot; (fig.) ungainly. _n.m.f._, hipshot person; ungainly man, woman _or_ girl. =déhanchement=, _n.m._, swinging about; twisting about. _se_ =déhancher=, _v.r._, to waddle, to swing about, to twist one’s body about. =déharnachement= (-nash-mān), _n.m._, unharnessing. =déharnacher=, _v.a._, to unharness. =déhiscence=, _n.f._, (bot.) dehiscence. =déhiscent=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) dehiscent. =déhonté=, =-e=, _adj._, shameless, unabashed, _C’est un homme —_; he is a man destitute of shame. =dehors= (dĕ-or), _adv._, out, without, out of doors, abroad, externally; (nav.) out, at sea. _En —_; without, outside. _Au —_; outwardly. _De —_; from without. _Au dedans et au —_; at home and abroad. _Mettre quelqu’un —_; to turn any one out of doors. =dehors=, _n.m._, outside, exterior. _pl._, appearances; (fort.) outworks; dependencies, approaches, grounds (of a house). _Sauver les —_; to save appearances. =déhortatoire=, _adj._, dehortatory. =déicide=, _n.m._, deicide. =déification=, _n.f._, deification. =déifier=, _v.a._, to deify. =déisme=, _n.m._, deism. =déiste=, _n.m._, deist. =déiste=, _adj._, deistical. =déité=, _n.f._, deity, god, goddess, divinity. =déjà=, _adv._, already, before, yet. _Pas — si_; not so very, not so great. _Pas — tant_; not so very much. =déjection=, _n.f._, (med.) dejection; ejection, evacuation. =déjeté=, =-e=, _part._, _adj._, warped, sprung. _se_ =déjeter=, _v.r._, to warp (of wood); (med.) to deviate. =déjettement= (dé-jèt-mān), _n.m._, warping; deviation. =déjeuner= _or_ =déjeuné=, _n.m._, breakfast, breakfast-service. _— à la fourchette_; meat breakfast. _Second —_; luncheon. _Un — de porcelaine_; a porcelain breakfast-service. =déjeuner=, _v.n._, to breakfast. =déjoindre=, _v.a._, to disjoin, to disunite, to sever. _se_ =déjoindre=, _v.r._, to become disjoined, to separate, to part, to come apart. =déjouer=, _v.a._, to baffle, to frustrate, to foil. _— un projet_; to baffle a project. _— quelqu’un_; to baffle any one, to foil any one. =déjouer=, _v.n._, (fam.) to play badly; (nav.) to wave, to flutter (of the flag). =déjucher=, _v.n.a._, to unroost, to come down from the roost. _Je vous ferai bien — de là_; I will make you come down from there. =déjuger=, _v.a._, to judge differently. _se_ =déjuger=, _v.r._, to change, to reverse one’s opinion. =delà=, _prep._, beyond; farther than, on the other side of. _Au —_, _de —_, _par —_, _en —_; beyond, further on, upwards. _Deçà et —_; right and left; all about. _Jambe deçà, jambe —_; one leg this side, the other that side. =délabré=, =-e=, _part._, tattered, in rags, shabby, seedy; (of things) tumbledown, ramshackle. _Une santé —e_; shattered health. _Un navire —_; a dismantled vessel. _Terre —e_; land gone to waste. _Un estomac —_; a disordered stomach. _Être —_; to be all in tatters. =délabrement=, _n.m._, ruin, decay, dilapidation; shabbiness, raggedness. =délabrer=, _v.a._, to shatter, to ruin, to pull to pieces, to destroy, to tear to tatters. _se_ =délabrer=, _v.r._, to fall to tatters, to pieces, to go to ruin; to decay. _Tous mes meubles se délabrent_; all my furniture is going to wrack and ruin. =délacer=, _v.a._, to unlace. _— un corset_; to unlace stays. _se_ =délacer=, _v.r._, to unlace one’s self; to come undone (of stays, strings, etc.). =délai=, _n.m._, delay, extension of time, reprieve. _User de —s_; to put off, to procrastinate. _Dans un — de_; within (a given time). =délaiement=, _n.m._, diluting. =délaissé=, =-e=, _part._, abandoned, forlorn, forsaken, friendless. _Des orphelins —s_; helpless orphans. =délaissement= (-lès-mān), _n.m._, destitution, forlornness, helplessness, desertion; (jur.) abandonment to a mortgagee. =délaisser=, _v.a._, to forsake, to abandon; to cast off, to desert, to leave, to relinquish. _Se —_; to give up one’s property (in favor of another). =délardement=, _n.m._, (arch.) unlarding; splay, slope, beveling, chamfering. =délarder=, _v.a._, (arch.) to unlard, to splay, to bevel, to chamfer. =délassement= (-lâs-mān), _n.m._, remission of attention _or_ application, relaxation; repose, recreation, diversion. =délasser=, _v.a._, to refresh, to relax, to divert. _Le sommeil vous délasse_; sleep refreshes one. _Un changement d’occupation délasse l’esprit_; a change of occupation relaxes the mind. _se_ =délasser=, _v.r._, to refresh one’s self, to rest. =délat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, informer, denouncer, accuser. =délation=, _n.f._, information, denunciation, informing. =délatter=, _v.a._, to unlath. =délavage=, _n.m._, diluting of color (in drawing and water-color painting); soaking. =délavé=, =-e=, _adj._, weak, pale, dim (of gems); diluted (of colors). =délaver=, _v.a._, to dilute color (in drawing and water-color painting); to soak, imbibe with water. _se_ =délaver=, _v.r._, to become soaked, imbibed with water; to lose color. =délayable=, _adj._, dilutable. =délayage=, _n.m._, diluting, dilution. =délayant=, _n.m._, (med.) diluent. =délayant=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) diluent. =délayement= (-lè-i-mān), _n.m._, diluting. =délayer=, _v.a._, to dilute; to temper (lime); to spin out. =déléatur=, _n.m._, (_—_) (print.) dele. =délectable=, _adj._, delicious, delectable, delightful. =délectablement=, _adv._, deliciously, delightfully. =délectation=, _n.f._, delectation, delight, gratification. =délecter=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to delight. _se_ =délecter=, _v.r._, to take delight. _Se — à l’étude_; to delight in study. =délégant= _or_ =délégat-eur=, _n.m._, =-e=, =-rice=, _n.f._, delegator. =délégataire=, _n.m.f._, delegatee. =délégation=, _n.f._, delegation, assignment; proxy. =délégatoire=, _adj._, delegatory. =délégué= (-ghé), _n.m._, delegate, deputy; proxy. =délégué=, =-e=, _adj._, delegated. =déléguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to delegate; to assign. _— son autorité_; to delegate one’s authority. _se_ =déléguer=, _v.r._, to be delegated, assigned. =délestage=, _n.m._, (nav.) unballasting. =délester=, _v.a._, to unballast. =délesteur=, _n.m._, (nav.) ballast-heaver, ballast-lighter. =délétère=, _adj._, deleterious. =délibérant=, =-e=, _adj._, deliberative. =délibérati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, deliberative. =délibération=, _n.f._, deliberation; resolution. _Mettre en —_; to bring under deliberation. =délibéré=, =-e=, _adj._, deliberate, bold, decided, resolute. _Marcher d’un pas —_; to walk resolutely. _De propos —_; with set purpose, designedly, purposely. =délibéré=, _n.m._, (jur.) deliberation. =délibérément=, _adv._, deliberately, boldly, resolutely. =délibérer=, _v.n._, to deliberate; to determine, to resolve. _Il n’y a pas lieu à —_; there is no occasion for deliberating. _Il en sera délibéré_; it shall be taken into consideration. =délicat=, =-e=, _adj._, delicate, weak, dainty, nice, touchy, fastidious, ticklish. _Vous êtes bien —_; you are very fastidious. _Faire le —_; to be fastidious. _Affaire —e_; ticklish affair. _Il est — sur le point d’honneur_; he is very tender on points of honor. _Il est — sur le manger_; he is very dainty. =délicatement= (-kat-mān), _adv._, delicately, daintily, tenderly. _Peu —_; indelicately. ☉=délicater=, _v.a._, to cocker, to fondle, to pamper. _V._ =dorloter=. _se_ =délicater=, _v.r._, to nurse one’s self, to indulge one’s self. =délicatesse=, _n.f._, delicacy; tenderness; daintiness, scrupulousness, refinement; nicety (of language); ticklishness; squeamishness; considerateness. _pl._, dainties. _Les —s d’une langue_; the niceties of a language. _Avoir une grande — de conscience_; to have a very scrupulous conscience. _Ce serait une — de votre part_; it would be very nice of you. =délice=, _n.m.sing._, =délices=, _n.f.pl._, delight, pleasure; deliciousness. _Goûter les —s de la vie_; to enjoy the delights of life. _Faire ses —s d’une chose_; to delight in a thing. _Je faisais les —s de ma mère_; I was my mother’s darling. =délicieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, deliciously, delightfully. =délicieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, delicious, delightful; capital. _Cette histoire est —se_; that’s a capital story. _se_ =délicoter=, _v.r._, (man.) to slip the halter. =délictueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (jur.) unlawful, felonious. =délié=, =-e=, _adj._, untied, loose; small, thin; light, easy, flowing (of style); slender, slim; cunning. _Avoir l’esprit —_; to be quick, shrewd. _Avoir la langue —e_; to have a voluble, glib tongue. =délié=, _n.m._, (penmanship) thin stroke, up-stroke. =délier=, _v.a._, to unbind; to untie; to liberate, to release, to absolve. _— quelqu’un d’un serment_; to free any one from an oath. _On l’a délié de ses vœux_; he was liberated from his vows. _se_ =délier=, _v.r._, to come untied, to get unfastened; to get loose. =délimitation=, _n.f._, settling the limits, fixing the boundaries. =délimiter=, _v.a._, to settle the boundaries, fix the limits. =délinéation=, _n.f._, delineation. =délinéer=, _v.a._, to delineate. =délinquant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, delinquent, offender. ☉=délinquer=, _v.n._, (jur.) to offend, to trespass. =déliot=, _n.m._, finger-stall, thumb-stall. =déliquescence= (-kès-sānss), _n.f._, (chem.) deliquescence. =déliquescent=, =-e=, _adj._, (chem.) deliquescent. =deliquium= (-kui-om), _n.m._, (chem.) deliquium. =délirant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, (med.) one who is delirious; delirious, frenzied, frantic; maddening, rapturous. =délire=, _n.m._, delirium, frenzy, folly, deliriousness. _Avoir le —_; to rave. _Tomber en —_; to become delirious. =délirer=, _v.n._, to be delirious, to rave, to wander. =delirium tremens= (de-li-riom tré-mīnss), _n.m._, (_n.p._) (med.) delirium tremens. =délissage=, _n.m._, roughing, ruffling; sorting (of rags). =délisser=, _v.a._, to rough, ruffle, sort. =délisseu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, sorter (of rags). =délit=, _n.m._, misdemeanor, delinquency, offense; (mas.) wrong bed (of stone). _En flagrant —_; in the very act. =déliter=, _v.a._, (mas.) to surbed (stones). _se_ =déliter=, _v.r._, to break in the grain; to cleave; to scale off. =délitescence= (-tès-sāns), _n.f._, (med.) delitescence. =délivrance=, _n.f._, deliverance, delivery; rescue, relief. =délivre=, _n.m._, (anat.) after-birth; heam (of animals). =délivrer=, _v.a._, to deliver, to release, to set free; to rid of, to hand over. _— de prison_; to release from prison. _— de la marchandise_; to deliver goods. _Se faire —_; to obtain, to take out. _se_ =délivrer=, _v.r._, to deliver one’s self, to free one’s self. =délivreur=, _n.m._, deliverer; rescuer; (man.) ostler; groom; (techn.) one of the two drums of a cotton-machine. =délogement= (-loj-mān), _n.m._, removal; change of quarters, departure, decamping. =déloger=, _v.n._, to remove, to quit, to go from one’s house; to go away, to march off. _— sans tambour ni trompette_; to march off in silence, to steal away; to decamp quietly, to bolt in the night. =déloger=, _v.a._, to turn out (of house); to oust; to drive away; (milit.) to dislodge. =délové=, _adj._, (nav.) uncoiled (of rope). =délover=, _v.a._, (nav.) to uncoil. =déloyal=, =-e=, _adj._, disloyal, false, treacherous, unfair. =déloyalement= (dé-loa-yal-mān), _adv._, disloyally, treacherously. =déloyauté=, _n.f._, dishonesty, perfidiousness, treachery. =delta=, _n.m._, (geog.) delta. =deltoïde=, _adj._, (anat., bot.) deltoid. =déluge=, _n.m._, deluge, flood. _Un — de larmes_; a flood of tears. _Un — de paroles_; a torrent of words. =déluré=, _adj._, wide-awake, sharp. =délustrer=, _v.a._, to take off the luster, the gloss of. =déluter=, _v.a._, to unlute. =démagogie=, _n.f._, demagogism. =démagogique=, _adj._, demagogic, demagogical. =démagogue= (-gog), _n.m.f._, demagogue. =démaigrir=, _v.n._, (jest.) to recover flesh. =démaigrir=, _v.a._, (arch.) to thin. =démailler=, _v.a._, to undo the meshes of. _se_ =démailler=, _v.r._, to become undone. *=démailloter=, _v.a._, to unswathe. =demain=, _adv._, to-morrow. _— matin_; to-morrow morning. _— soir_; to-morrow night. _Après —_; the day after to-morrow. _À — les affaires!_ we will talk of business another day! =demain=, _n.m._, to-morrow. _Avec lui c’est toujours —_; he is always putting off, procrastinating. =démanché=, =-e=, _adj._, off the handle; (fig.) ungainly, loose, dislocated, unconnected, disjointed. =démanché=, _n.m._, an ungainly fellow; (mus.) shift. =démanchement= (-mansh-mān), _n.m._, taking off (a handle); unhafting; (mus.) shift. =démancher=, _v.a._, to take off the handle, to unhaft. _se_ =démancher=, _v.r._, to lose its handle; to go wrong; (mus.) to shift. =démancher=, _v.n._, (nav.) to get out of the channel; (mus.) to shift. =demande=, _n.f._, question, query, request, petition; demand, suit, inquiry; (com.) order, proposal; (mus.) subject of a fugue. _Faire sa — par écrit_; to present one’s request in writing. _Appuyer une —_; to second a request. _À sotte — point de réponse_; a silly question needs no answer. =demander=, _v.a._, to ask, to beg, to request, to solicit, to sue for, to demand; (jur.) to pray; to desire; to wish, to want; to ask for, to call for; to inquire after; to require; (com.) to order. _Faire —_; to ask for. _— l’aumône_; to ask for alms. _— son pain_; to beg one’s bread. _Que demandez-vous?_ what do you want? _N’est-il venu personne me —?_ has nobody called for me? _On vous demande_; you are wanted. _Cela demande une explication_; that requires an explanation. _On demande_; wanted. _Ne pas — mieux_; to ask for nothing better; to be only too glad; to be most happy to. =demander=, _v.n._, to ask, to beg; to wish, to request; to require, to demand. _se_ =demander=, _v.r._, to ask one’s self, to wonder. =demandeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, asker; applicant. _À beau — beau refuseur_; diamond cut diamond. =demande-ur=, _n.m._, =-resse=, _n.f._, (jur.) demandant, plaintiff. =démangeaison= (-jè-zon), _n.f._, itching; longing. _Avoir une grande — de parler_; to be dying to talk. =démanger=, _v.n._, to itch; to long. _La tête me démange_; my head itches. _Les pieds lui démangent_; he longs to go out. =démanteler= (-man-tlé), _v.a._, (milit.) to dismantle. =démantellement= (tèl-mān), _n.m._, (fort., milit.) dismantling. =démantibuler=, _v.a._, to break, to dislocate; to put out of order. =démarcation=, _n.f._, demarcation. _Ligne de —_; line of demarcation. =démarche=, _n.f._, gait, walk; proceeding, measure; step, course; application, overture. _— noble_; noble bearing. _Faire une —_; to take a step; to make an application. _On observe toutes ses —s_; all his steps are dogged. =démarier=, _v.a._, to annul a marriage. _se_ =démarier=, _v.r._, to get unmarried. =démarquer=, _v.a._, to unmark. =démarquer=, _v.n._, to lose the mark of its age (of a horse). =démarrage=, _n.m._, unmooring. =démarrer=, _v.a._, to unmoor. _— un cordage_; to unbend a rope. =démarrer=, _v.n._, to leave, to slip her moorings (of a ship); to move, to stir, to get away. =démasquer=, _v.a._, to unmask; to show up. _— une batterie_; to unmask a battery. _se_ =démasquer=, _v.r._, to unmask, to take off one’s mask. _Il s’est démasqué_; he has pulled off his mask. =démâtage=, _n.m._, (nav.) dismasting. =démâter=, _v.a._, to dismast. =démâter=, _v.n._, to lose her masts (of a ship). =démêlage=, _n.m._, combing (of wool). =démêlé=, _n.m._, strife, contest, contention, quarrel. _Leur — est fini_; their difference is at an end. =démêler=, _v.a._, to disentangle, to separate; to contest; to distinguish; to discern, to clear up, to penetrate, to fathom, to unravel, to extricate; to untwist, to unfold; to comb out. _Avoir à — avec_; to have to do with. _Je ne veux rien avoir à — avec lui_; I will have nothing to do with him. _— le vrai d’avec le faux_; to distinguish truth from falsehood. _se_ =démêler=, _v.r._, to be unraveled; to be disentangled, to extricate one’s self; to get clear of, to comb one’s hair. =démêloir=, _n.m._, large tooth-comb. =démembrement=, _n.m._, dismemberment; dismembered part. =démembrer=, _v.a._, to tear limb from limb; to dismember, to disjoint. =déménagement= (-naj-mān), _n.m._, household removal, removing, change of residence. _Voiture de —_; furniture van. =déménager=, _v.a._, to remove one’s furniture. =déménager=, _v.n._, to remove (to change one’s residence). _Sa raison déménage_; he is getting childish. =déménageur=, _n.m._, furniture-remover. =démence=, _n.f._, insanity, madness, lunacy, mental aberration. _Tomber en —_; to become insane. _se_ =démener=, _v.r._, to stir, to struggle, to make a great fuss, to strive hard, to toil and moil. _Se — avec vigueur_; to struggle vigorously. =démenti=, _n.m._, lie; flat contradiction, disappointment. _Donner un — à quelqu’un_; to give any one the lie. _Vous en aurez le —_; you will get the worst of it, be worsted. =démentir=, _v.a._, to give the lie to, to contradict; to deny; to belie, to refute. _Démentirez-vous votre signature?_ will you deny your signature? _— sa gloire_; to belie one’s fame. _Ses actions démentent ses discours_; his actions belie his language. _se_ =démentir=, _v.r._, to contradict one’s self; to belie one’s self; to fall off, to flag, to give way. _Cet ouvrage se dément un peu vers la fin_; this work falls off, flags, a little towards the end. =démérite=, _n.m._, demerit. =démériter=, _v.n._, to demerit. _Je n’ai point démérité de vous_, _auprès de vous_; I have done nothing to forfeit your esteem. =démesuré=, =-e=, _adj._, huge, immoderate; inordinate, unbounded, excessive. _Il a une envie —e de vous voir_; he is dying to see you. =démesurément=, _adv._, immoderately, inordinately, excessively, hugely. =démettre=, _v.a._, to put out of joint, to dislocate; to dismiss; to turn out; (jur.) to overrule, to nonsuit. _se_ =démettre=, _v.r._, to be put out of joint; to resign, to throw up (an appointment). _Il s’est démis le poignet_; he has dislocated his wrist. _Se — de son emploi_; to resign one’s position. =démeublement=, _n.m._, unfurnishing; absence of furniture. =démeubler=, _v.a._, to unfurnish, to strip of furniture. =demeurant=, _n.m._, remainder, residue. _au_ =demeurant=, _adv._, in other respects; after all, otherwise. =demeurant=, =-e=, _adj._, (jur.) dwelling, living, abiding. =demeure=, _n.f._, abode, home, dwelling, lodgings; stay; (jur.) delay. _Changer sa —_, _de —_; to change one’s lodgings. _En —_; behindhand; in arrears. _Mettre en —_; (jur.) to summon, to compel, to lay under the necessity. _Être à —_; to be a fixture, stationary. _Cela n’est pas à —_; that is only temporary. _Péril en la —_; danger in delay. =demeurer=, _v.n._, to live, to lodge, to reside; to continue, to remain, to rest; to stay; to stand, to stop. _— à la campagne_; to live in the country. _— en arrière_; to stay behind. _— sur son appétit_; not to fully satisfy one’s appetite. _Où en êtes-vous demeuré?_ where did you leave off? _Demeurons-en là_; let us keep to that, let us stop there. _La victoire nous est demeurée_; victory remained with us. _— d’accord_; to agree. =demi=, _n.m._, (arith.) half. _Deux demies font un entier_; two halves make a whole. =demi=, =-e=, _adj._, half. _Un demi-pied_; half a foot. _Demi-soupir_; (mus.) quaver rest. _Un pied et —_; a foot and a half. _Une demi-heure_; half an hour. _Une heure et —e_; an hour and a half. _Entendre à demi-mot_, (_—-—s_) to take in any one’s meaning at once. _Demi-cercle_, (_—-—s_) semi-circle. _En demi-cercle_; semi-circular. _Demi-dieu_, (_—-—x_) demi-god. _À fourbe, fourbe et —_; set a thief to catch a thief. _N’en pas faire à —_; not to stop half-way; to go right through with. =demi=, _adv._, half. _Il est à —-fou_; he is half mad. _Faire les choses à —_; to do things by halves. =demie=, _n.f._, the half-hour. =démieller=, _v.a._, to take the honey off. =demi-bain=, _n.m._, hip-bath. =demi-fleuron=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_). _V._ =fleuron=. =demi-fortune=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) four-wheeled one-horse carriage. =demi-jour=, _n.m._, twilight. =demi-lune=, _n.f._, (_—-—_) (fort.) crescent, half-moon. ☉=demi-métal=, _n.m._, semi-metal. =demi-mot=, _n.m._, hint. =demi-pension=, _n.f._, half-board, partial-board. =demi-setier=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) half a pint English. =demi-solde=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) half-pay. _Officier en —_; half-pay officer. =démission=, _n.f._, resignation. _Donner sa —_; to send in one’s resignation, to resign. _Offrir sa —_; to tender one’s resignation. =démissionnaire=, _n.m.f._, resigner. _Il est —_; he has resigned his position. =démissionnaire=, _adj._, who has resigned, thrown up (his commission), vacated his seat. =démissionner=, _v.n._, to resign. =démitrer=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to unmitre. =démobiliser=, _v.a._, to demobilize. =démocrate=, _n.m.f._, democrat. =démocratie=, _n.f._, democracy. =démocratique=, _adj._, democratic. =démocratiquement=, _adv._, democratically. =démocratiser=, _v.a.n._, to democratize. _se_ =démocratiser=, _v.r._, to become democratized. =démodé=, =-e=, _adj._, out of fashion, antiquated, old-fashioned. =demoiselle=, _n.f._, young lady; unmarried lady; young girl; gentlewoman; hot water-bottle; dragon-fly; (orni.) Numidian crane; paving-beetle. =démolir=, _v.a._, to demolish, to pull down, to subvert, to overthrow, to destroy. _Je l’ai démoli_; I floored him. =démolisseur=, _n.m._, demolisher, subverter. =démolition=, _n.f._, demolition. _pl._, old building materials. _Par suite de —s_; because of the pulling down of the building. =démon=, _n.m._, devil, fiend; demon; genius. _Petit —_; little demon (child). _Faire le —_; to play the devil. _Quel — vous agite?_ what evil spirit torments you? =démonétisation=, _n.f._, withdrawal from circulation (of money); calling in. =démonétiser=, _v.a._, to withdraw from circulation; to call in (money). =démoniaque=, _adj._, demoniacal, demoniac. =démoniaque=, _n.m.f._, demoniac, demon, devil. =démonographe=, _n.m._, demonographer. =démonographie=, _n.f._, demonology. =démonologie=, _n.f._, demonology. =démonomanie=, _n.f._, demonomania. =démonstrateur=, _n.m._, demonstrator, lecturer. =démonstrati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, demonstrative. =démonstration=, _n.f._, demonstration, proof. =démonstrativement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, demonstratively. =démontable=, _adj._, that can be taken to pieces. =démontage=, _n.m._, taking to pieces. =démonter=, _v.a._, to dismount, to unhorse; to nonplus, to baffle; to alter (one’s countenance); to take to pieces, to undo; (nav.) to supersede, to unship. _— le gouvernail_; to unship the rudder. _— un capitaine_; to supersede a captain. _se_ =démonter=, _v.r._, that may be taken to pieces (of machinery); to lose one’s countenance; to be unhinged; to be nonplused _or_ disconcerted; to be getting out of order _or_ of gear (of machinery); to become impaired (of the health). =démontrable=, _adj._, demonstrable. =démontrer=, _v.a._, to demonstrate, to prove. =démoralisat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, corrupting, demoralizing. =démoralisation=, _n.f._, demoralization. =démoraliser=, _v.a._, to demoralize. ☉=démoraliseur=, _n.m._, corrupter. =démordre=, _v.n._, to let go one’s hold; to depart, to desist, to retract, to yield. _Faire — quelqu’un_; to make one change his resolution. _Il n’en démordra pas_; he will not abate an inch, he will stick to. =démotique=, _adj._, demotic. =démoucheter=, _v.a._, to take off the button of a foil, to uncap. _se_ =démoucheter=, _v.r._, to become uncapped. =démoulage=, _n.m._, taking from the mold. =démouler=, _v.a._, to take from the mold. =démunir=, _v.a._, to strip a place of ammunition; to deprive; to leave unprovided. _se_ =démunir=, _v.r._, to deprive one’s self, to part with; to leave one’s self unprovided for. =démurer=, _v.a._, to unwall, to open. =démuseler= (-muz-lé), _v.a._, to unmuzzle. =dénaire=, _adj._, denary. =dénanti=, =-e=, _adj._, unsecured, unprovided; stripped, bare. =dénantir=, _v.a._, to deprive of security. _se_ =dénantir=, _v.r._, to give up securities, to part with. =dénationaliser=, _v.a._, to denationalize. =dénatter=, _v.a._, to unmat. =dénaturalisation=, _n.f._, denaturalization. =dénaturaliser=, _v.a._, to denaturalize. =dénaturation=, _n.f._, (chem.) debasement, misrepresentation; perversion, sophistication. =dénaturé=, =-e=, _adj._, unnatural, barbarous, cruel. =dénaturer=, _v.a._, to alter the nature of; to deface, to disfigure; to change, to misrepresent, to pervert, to distort; (chem.) to debase. =dendrite= (din-), _n.f._, (min.) dendrite. =déndroïde= (din-), _adj._, (bot.) dendroid. =dénégation=, _n.f._, denial; (law) traverse. =dénégatoire=, _adj._, (law) traversing. =déni=, _n.m._, (jur.) denial, refusal. _— de justice_; refusal of justice. =déniaisé=, =-e=, _adj._, sharpened, who has had his eyes opened, cunning. _Un homme —_; a cunning, crafty man. =déniaiser=, _v.a._, to sharpen the wits of; to cheat, to take in, to dupe, to open the eyes of. _se_ =déniaiser=, _v.r._, to learn wit, to become sharp, to grow cunning. =déniché=, =-e=, _part._, gone, flown. _Les oiseaux sont —s_; the birds have flown. =dénicher=, _v.a._, to take out of its nest; to turn out; to hunt out; to find out. _— une statue_; to take a statue out of its niche. =dénicher=, _v.n._, to forsake its nest (of a bird); to hasten away; to make off, to run away. _Allons, il faut —_; come, be off with you. =dénicheur=, _n.m._, birds’-nester. _Un — de merles_; sharper. _Un — de fauvettes_; fortune-hunter; lady-killer. =denier=, _n.m._, (antiq.) denarius; denier; money; farthing; mite; cash, funds; rate of interest; (pharm.) scruple; old French copper coin worth ⅟₁₃th of a farthing; (coin.) weight of a little above 1¼ grammes. _— à Dieu_; earnest money. _A beaux —s comptants_; in cash, in ready money. _Les —s publics_; the public money. ☉_Au — vingt-cinq_; four per cent. _Le — de Saint Pierre_; Peter’s pence. _Le — de la veuve_; the widow’s mite. _Cet homme n’a pas un — vaillant_; that man is not worth a farthing. _Rendre compte à livres sous et —s_; to account to the uttermost farthing. =dénier=, _v.a._, to deny, to refuse. _Se —_; to be denied; to deny one’s self. =dénigrant=, _adj._, disparaging. =dénigrement=, _n.m._, vilifying, disparagement. =dénigrer=, _v.a._, to disparage, to traduce, to vilify. =dénombrement=, _n.m._, enumeration, census, list. =dénombrer=, _v.a._, to number, to enumerate. =dénominateur=, _n.m._, (arith.) denominator. =dénominati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, denominative. =dénomination=, _n.f._, denomination, name. =dénominer=, _v.a._, (jur.) to denominate, to mention by name. =dénoncer=, _v.a._, to denounce, to inform against, to impeach, to announce, to lodge information against; to give notice, to proclaim, to declare. =dénonciat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, denunciator, informer, accuser. =dénonciation=, _n.f._, denunciation, denouncement, declaration, intimation. ☉=dénotation=, _n.f._, denotation. =dénoter=, _v.a._, to describe; to denote, to betoken. =dénouement= _or_ =dénoûment=, _n.m._, event, issue; denouement, catastrophe, unraveling; undoing, ending (of a play). =dénouer=, _v.a._, to untie, to loose; to give elasticity; to solve (difficulties); to unravel (plots). _se_ =dénouer=, _v.r._, to untie, to unravel, to unfold, to clear up. _Sa langue s’est dénouée à la fin_; he has spoken out at last. =denrée=, _n.f._, commodity, wares, provisions. _Il vend bien sa —_; he makes the most of his talents. =dense=, _adj._, dense, close, thick. =densité=, _n.f._, density, thickness. =dent=, _n.f._, tooth; notch; cog; prong. _—s de lait_; first teeth. _—s de sagesse_; wisdom teeth. _—s d’en haut_; upper teeth. _—s d’en bas_; lower teeth. _Faire ses —s_; to cut one’s teeth. _Les —s percent à cet enfant_; that child is cutting his teeth. _Les —s lui claquent_; his teeth chatter. _Serrer les —s_; to set the teeth. _Grincer des —s_; to gnash the teeth. _Une — qui branle_; a loose tooth. _Le mal de —s_; the toothache. _Avoir mal aux —s_; to have a toothache. _Les —s lui tombent_; he is losing his teeth. _L’alvéole d’une —_; the socket of a tooth. _Se curer les —s_; to pick one’s teeth. _Le fruit vert agace les —s_; green fruit sets the teeth on edge. _Une vieille sans —_; a toothless hag. _Armé jusqu’aux —s_; armed to the teeth. _N’avoir pas de quoi mettre sous la —_; not to have a morsel to put in one’s mouth. _Avoir une — contre quelqu’un_; to have an old grudge against one. _Déchirer à belles —s_; to tear to pieces, to rend any one. _Chacun lui donne un coup de —_; every one has a fling at him. _Être sur les —s_; to be tired out, done up. _Montrer les —s à quelqu’un_; to show one’s teeth to any one. _Ne pas desserrer les —s_; not to open one’s lips. _Parler entre ses —s_; to speak betwixt one’s teeth. _Parler des grosses —s_; to talk big. _Prendre le mors aux —s_; to run away (of horses); to be earnest in business. _Rire du bout des —s_; to sham a laugh, to pretend to laugh. _Murmurer entre ses —s_; to mutter to one’s self. _C’est vouloir prendre la lune avec les —s_; it is aiming at impossibilities. _Les —s d’une roue_; the cogs of a wheel. _Ce couteau a des —s_; that knife is notched. _Manger du bout des —s_; to eat with no appetite, to play with one’s food. _Avoir les —s bien longues_; to be very hungry. =dentaire=, _adj._, dental. =dentaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) dentaria, toothwort. =dental=, =-e=, _adj._, (gram.) dental. =dentale=, _n.m._, (conch.) dentalium, dental, tooth-shell. =dentale=, _n.f._, (gram.) dental. =dent-de-lion=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) dandelion. =denté=, =-e=, _adj._, toothed; (bot.) dentated. _Roue —e_; cogged wheel. _Feuille —e en scie_; serrated leaf. =dentée=, _n.f._, bite from a hound; rip (of a tusk). =dentelaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) lead-wort. =dentelé=, =-e= (dānt-lé), _adj._, notched, jagged, denticulated, toothed, indented. =dentelé=, _n.m._, (anat.) denticulated muscle. =denteler=, _v.a._, to indent, to notch, to jag, to tooth, to cog. =dentelle=, _n.f._, lace, lace-work. _Manchettes à —_; lace ruffles. =dentelli-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, lace-man, lace-woman, lace-maker. =dentelure= (dān-tlur), _n.f._, jagging, notching, denticulation, indenting. =denticulé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) denticulated, indented. =denticules=, _n.m.pl._, (arch.) denticles. =dentier= (-tié), _n.m._, set of teeth (natural or artificial). =dentifrice=, _n.m._, dentifrice. _adj._, good for the teeth. _Poudre —_; tooth-powder. =dentiste=, _n.m._, dentist. =dentisterie=, _n.f._, dentistry. =dentition=, _n.f._, dentition, cutting of teeth. =denture=, _n.f._, set of teeth; (horl.) teeth range. =dénudation=, _n.f._, denudation. =dénuder=, _v.a._, to denude; to lay bare; to strip. =dénué=, =-e=, _adj._, destitute; void; devoid. _— de support_; bereft of support. _— d’esprit_; devoid of wit. =dénuement= _or_ =dénûment=, _n.m._, destitution, deprivation, penury, want. =dénuer=, _v.a._, to strip, to leave destitute. _se_ =dénuer=, _v.r._, to strip one’s self; to leave one’s self destitute. =dépaillage=, _n.m._, unbottoming (of chairs). =dépailler=, _v.a._, to unbottom. _se_ =dépailler=, _v.r._, to lose its straw-seat. =dépaissance=, _n.f._, pasturage, high pasture ground. =dépalissage=, _n.m._, (hort.) unpaling. =dépalisser=, _v.a._, to unpale. =dépaqueter= (dé-pak-té), _v.a._, to unpack. =dépareillé=, =-e=, _adj._, unmatched, imperfect, odd. *=dépareiller=, _v.a._, to unmatch, to spoil the pair of, to render incomplete. _— des gants_; to unmatch gloves. _Livres dépareillés_; odd goods. =déparer=, _v.a._, to undress (altars); to strip; to disfigure, to take away the beauty; to disparage. =déparier=, _v.a._, to take away one (of a pair); to separate. =déparler=, _v.n._, to cease talking, to talk nonsense. =déparquer=, _v.a._, to unpen (of oysters); to unbed. =départ=, _n.m._, departure, setting out; (chem.) parting; (metal.), departure. _Être sur son —_; to be on the eve of setting out. =départager=, _v.a._, to settle by a casting vote. _— les voix_, _les suffrages_; to give a casting-vote. =département=, _n.m._, distribution; department; line, business (province or business assigned to a particular person). _Les —s de la France_; the departments of France. _— des affaires étrangères_; foreign-office. _— de l’intérieur_; home-office. _Cela n’est pas de son —_; that does not lie in his province. =départemental=, =-e=, _adj._, departmental. =départir=, _v.a._, to distribute, to divide, to endow, to bestow, to allot, to grant. _se_ =départir=, _v.r._, to depart, to desist, to swerve, to deviate. _Il s’est départi de sa demande_; he has desisted from his demand. _Se — de son devoir_; to swerve from one’s duty. =dépassement=, _n.m._, over-extension, excess. =dépasser=, _v.a._, to go beyond; to exceed, to surpass; to outsail; to overreach, to overstep; to be higher _or_ taller; to draw out (ribbons). _— ses pouvoirs_; to exceed one’s powers. _Il me dépasse de trois pouces_; he is taller than I am by three inches. =dépâtissage=, _n.m._, sorting (of type). =dépâtisser=, _v.a._, (print.) to sort and distribute (type). =dépavage=, _n.m._, unpaving. =dépaver=, _v.a._, to unpave, to take up the pavement. =dépaysé=, =-e=, _part._, away from home, out of one’s element. _Se trouver — dans une société_; to feel out of one’s element. =dépayser= (-pè-i-zé), _v.a._, to take, to send from home; to remove; to put out; to put on a wrong scent. _se_ =dépayser=, _v.r._, to leave one’s home; to go abroad; to get out of one’s element. =dépècement= (-pès-mān), _n.m._, cutting up, cutting in pieces, carving, breaking up, tearing up; dismemberment; eating away (of the sea). =dépecer= (dép-sé), _v.a._, to cut up, to carve, to cut in pieces; to dismember; to eat away. _— une volaille_; to cut up a fowl. _— de la viande_; to carve meat. =dépeceur=, _n.m._, carver, cutter, meat-dresser. =dépêche=, _n.f._, dispatch (letter on affairs of state); (com.) correspondence, mail, telegram. _Les —s_; the post-bag. _Faire les —s_; to make up the dispatches, the mails. _à_ =dépêche-compagnon=, _adv._, hurriedly, carelessly. _Travailler à —_; to hurry over one’s work. _Se battre à —_; to give no quarter in fighting. _se_ =dépêcher=, _v.r._, to make haste, to look sharp. _Dépêchez-vous_; make haste. =dépêcher=, _v.a._, to send off dispatches, a courier, a messenger; to dispatch; to be quick, to do things quickly, to hasten; to make way with any one, to kill. =dépêcher=, _v.n._, to dispatch, to hurry off, to send off a courier, _or_ messenger, in haste. _On a dépêché à Vienne_; a courier has been sent to Vienna. =dépeçoir=, _n.m._, chopping-knife. =dépeindre=, _v.a._, to depict; to describe; to portray; to paint; to represent. =dépelotonner=, _v.a._, to unwind. _se_ =dépelotonner=, _v.r._, to become unwound. *=dépenaillé=, =-e=, _adj._, (fam.) tattered, ragged, in rags; ill-clad; slatternly; emaciated. *=dépenaillement=, _n.m._, raggedness; faded appearance (of the face). =dépendamment= (-da-mān), _adv._, (l.u.) dependently. =dépendance=, _n.f._, dependence; appendage; out-house; offices; out-building. _Être dans la — de quelqu’un_; to be dependent on any one. _Tenir quelqu’un dans la —_; to keep any one in a state of dependancy. =dépendant=, =-e=, _adj._, dependent. _En —_; (nav.) edging off. =dépendre=, _v.a._, to take down; to unhang. =dépendre=, _v.n._, to depend; to be dependent; to rest. _Cela dépend de moi_; that depends on, rests with, me. =dépens=, _n.m.pl._, expense, cost. _Vivre aux — d’autrui_; to live at other people’s expense. _Faire la guerre à ses —_; to play a losing game. _Il a gagné son procès avec —_; (jur.) he gained his lawsuit with costs. =dépense=, _n.f._, expense; expenditure; outlay, waste, flow; steward’s office; pantry. _pl._, supplies. _Comité des —s_; committee of supplies. _De folles —s_; extravagant expense. _—s de bouche_; living expenses. _La — du ménage_; household expense. _Sa — excède ses revenus_; his expenditure exceeds his income. _Ne pas plaindre la —_; not to spare expense. _Faire de la —_; to spend money. _Faire la —_; to do the housekeeping. _Aimer la —_; to like spending money. =dépenser=, _v.a._, to spend, to expend; to consume; (b.s.) to waste. _Il aime à —_; he is fond of spending. _Se —_; to be spent. =dépensi-er=, =-ère=, _n._, _adj._, extravagant person, spendthrift; extravagant. =dépensier=, _n.m._, burser; (nav.) purser’s steward. =déperdition=, _n.f._, deperdition, loss, waste; (med.) discharge. =dépérir=, _v.n._, to perish, to decline, to pine away, to waste, to wither, to dwindle, to waste away, to decay, to go to ruin. =dépérissement= (-ris-mān), _n.m._, wasting away, decay, withering, falling away. =dépersuader=, _v.a._, to dissuade. =dépêtrer=, _v.a._, to disentangle, to extricate, to disengage, to clear, to free. _se_ =dépêtrer=, _v.r._, to get out of; to rid one’s self of, to get clear of. =dépeuplement=, _n.m._, depopulation; thinning (of forests). =dépeupler=, _v.a._, to unpeople, to depopulate, to unstock, to thin. _— un colombier_; to unstock a pigeon-house. _— une forêt_; to thin a forest. _se_ =dépeupler=, _v.r._, to be depopulated, to be unstocked. =dépiécer=, _v.a._ _V._ =dépecer=. =dépilage=, _n.m._, taking off the hair _or_ the fleece (of hides). =dépilati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, depilatory. =dépilation=, _n.f._, depilation. =dépilatoire=, _n.m._, depilatory. _se_ =dépiler=, _v.r._, to lose the hair (of animals). =dépiquage=, _n.m._, (agri.) treading out (corn, etc.). =dépiquer=, _v.a._, to unquilt, to unstitch; to cheer up. _— quelqu’un_; to cheer any one; to put any one in a better humor; (gard.) to transplant. _se_ =dépiquer=, _v.r._, to recover one’s good humor; to recoup one’s self. =dépister=, _v.a._, (hunt.) to track; to ferret out, to hunt out; to throw off the scent. =dépit=, _n.m._, spite, vexation. _Avoir du —_; to be vexed. _Il pleurait de —_; he wept for vexation. _Faire quelque chose par —_; to do a thing out of spite. _En — de_; in spite of. _Ecrire en — du bon sens_; to write nonsense. =dépiter=, _v.a._, to vex, to spite. _se_ =dépiter=, _v.r._, to be vexed, to be in a pet, to get out of temper. =déplacé=, =-e=, _part._, displaced, misplaced, ill-timed, unbecoming. _Discours —_; uncalled for speech. =déplacement= (dé-plas-mān), _n.m._, displacement, change of place; removal. =déplacer=, _v.a._, to displace, to misplace, to remove, to change. _se_ =déplacer=, _v.r._, to change one’s place, to leave one’s place, one’s residence; (of things) to be displaced. =déplaire=, _v.n._, to displease, to offend; to incur the displeasure of any one; to be unpleasant, disagreeable, to give offense. _Ne vous en déplaise_; with your leave, if you don’t mind. _N’en déplaise à_; with all due deference to. _se_ =déplaire=, _v.r._, to dislike, to be displeased with, to displease each other; not to thrive (of animals, plants). _Je ne me déplairais pas ici_; I should not dislike living here. _Les troupeaux se déplaisent dans ce lieu-là_; the flocks do not thrive in that place. =déplaisance=, _n.f._, dislike, aversion. =déplaisant=, =-e=, _adj._, unpleasant, disagreeable, annoying, obnoxious. =déplaisir=, _n.m._, displeasure, dislike, annoyance, grief, sorrow, trouble, affliction. =déplantage=, _n.m._, _or_ =déplantation=, _n.f._, displanting. =déplanter=, _v.a._, to displant. =déplantoir=, _n.m._, (gard.) trowel. =déplâtrage=, _n.m._, unplastering. =déplâtrer=, _v.a._, (mas.) to unplaster. =dépleurer=, _v.n._, to cease weeping. =déplier=, _v.a._, to unfold, to open; to lay out, display (goods). =déplissage=, _n.m._, unplaiting. =déplisser=, _v.a._, to unplait. _se_ =déplisser=, _v.r._, to come out of plait. =déploiement= _or_ =déploîment= (dé-ploa-mān), _n.m._, display, unfolding; (milit.) deployment. =déplombage=, _n.m._, unstopping; unsealing. =déplomber=, _v.a._, to unlead, to unload (a stick); to unstop (a tooth). =déplorable=, _adj._, deplorable, lamentable, wretched. =déplorablement=, _adv._, deplorably, lamentably, wretchedly. =déplorer=, _v.a._, to deplore, to bewail, to lament, to mourn; to regret. =déployé=, =-e=, _adj._, unfolded, displayed, open. _Voguer à voiles —es_; (nav.) to be under full sail. _À gorge —e_; at the top of one’s voice, lustily, with all one’s might. =déployer=, _v.a._, to unfold, to unroll, to unfurl, to set out, to display, to open, to show, to stretch, to spread; (milit.) to deploy. _— les voiles_; to spread the sails. _— toute son éloquence_; to put forth all one’s eloquence. _se_ =déployer=, _v.r._, to unroll, to display one’s self; (milit.) to deploy. =déplumé=, =-e=, _adj._, unplumed, unfeathered. =déplumer=, _v.a._, to unplume, to deprive of feathers; to pluck, to pick. _se_ =déplumer=, _v.r._, to molt, to shed feathers. =dépocher=, _v.a.n._, to take out of one’s pocket; to fork out, stump up. =dépolir=, _v.a._, to take off the polish. _— du verre_; to rough glass. _Le feu dépolit le marbre_; fire takes the polish off marble. =dépolissage=, _n.m._, (of glass) roughing. =déponent=, _adj._, _n.m._, (gram.) deponent. =dépopulariser=, _v.a._, to render unpopular. _se_ =dépopulariser=, _v.r._, to become unpopular. =dépopulation=, _n.m._, depopulation. =déport=, _n.m._, delay; (jur.) challenging one’s self; (on change) backwardation. =déportation=, _n.f._, deportation (transportation), exile, banishment. =déporté=, _n.m._, person sentenced to deportation; transport, convict. =déportements=, _n.m.pl._, misconduct; evil-doings. =déporter=, _v.a._, to deport, to transport for life; to banish, to exile. _se_ =déporter=, _v.r._, to desist from. _Se — de ses prétentions_; to withdraw one’s claims. =déposant=, =-e=, _adj._, depositing; giving evidence. =déposant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, deponent; witness; bailer. =déposer=, _v.a._, to lay down; to lay aside; to strip, to divest, to depose; to deposit; to give evidence; to lodge (a complaint). _On le déposa de sa charge_; he was removed from office. _— son bilan_; to file one’s schedule. =déposer=, _v.n._, to settle, to leave a sediment (of liquids); to give evidence. =dépositaire=, _n.m._, depositary, trustee, guardian; consignee. =déposition=, _n.f._, deposition, deprivation; deposing; évidence. _La — porte que_; the evidence says that. =déposséder=, _v.a._, to dispossess, to oust. =dépossesseur=, _n.m._, dispossessor. =dépossession=, _n.f._, dispossession, deprivation. =déposter=, _v.a._, to drive from a post, to dislodge. =dépôt=, _n.m._, depositing, deposit, trust; lodgment (of money); depository, warehouse; depot, agency; sediment, settling. _— de mendicité_; poorhouse, workhouse. _Faire un —_; to make a deposit. _En —_; as a deposit in trust; (com.) on sale. =dépotage=, _n.m._, decanting. =dépoter=, _v.a._, to take out of a pot; to decant. =dépotoir=, _n.m._, general deposit of night-soil. =dépoudrer=, _v.a._, to unpowder. _se_ =dépoudrer=, _v.r._, to unpowder one’s hair. *=dépouille=, _n.f._, spoil; slough, skin, hide; wardrobe (of persons deceased); remains; spoils, booty; crop; exuviæ. _— mortelle_; mortal remains. _La — d’un serpent_; the slough of a serpent. _L’âme quitta sa — mortelle_; the soul forsook its earthly tenement. _Il a laissé sa — à un tel_; he left his wardrobe to such a one. _—s opimes_; spolia opima. _Il s’enrichit des —s d’autrui_; he enriches himself with the spoils of others. *=dépouillé=, =-e=, _part._, stripped; naked. _Jouer au roi —_; (fig. and fam.) to compass the ruin of any one. *=dépouillement= (dé-poo-i-mān), _n.m._, spoliation; despoiling; privation; scrutiny (of a ballot-box); abstract (of an account). _Au — du scrutin_; on the counting of the votes. *=dépouiller=, _v.a._, to unclothe; to strip; to skin, to lay bare; to despoil, to deprive; to throw off; to cast off (of insects); to lay aside; to gather (crops); to inspect (a ballot-box); to present an abstract (of accounts). _— ses vêtements_; to throw off one’s clothes. _— une anguille_; to skin an eel. _se_ *=dépouiller=, _v.r._, to shed its skin (of insects and animals); to molt; to divest one’s self of; to strip one’s self of; to throw off; to dispense with; to renounce. =dépouilleur=, _n.m._, teller (of votes by ballot). =dépourvoir=, _v.a._, to leave unprovided _or_ destitute. _se_ =dépourvoir=, _v.r._, to leave one’s self unprovided. _Se — d’argent_; to leave one’s self without cash. =dépourvu=, =-e=, _adj._, destitute, unprovided, devoid. _Au —_; unawares. _Pris au —_; caught napping. =dépravation=, _n.f._, depravity, depravement; depravation. =dépravé=, =-e=, _adj._, vitiated, depraved. _Goût —_; depraved taste. =dépraver=, _v.a._, to vitiate, to deprave. _se_ =dépraver=, _v.r._, to become vitiated, depraved. _Son goût se déprave_; his taste is becoming vitiated. =déprécati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (theol.) deprecatory. =déprécation=, _n.f._, deprecation. =dépréciat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, depreciator. =dépréciation=, _n.f._, dépréciation. =déprécier=, _v.a._, to depreciate, to undervalue, to slight; to run down, to disparage; to underrate. _se_ =déprécier=, _v.r._, to depreciate one’s self; (of things) to fall in value. =déprédat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, depredator. =déprédat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, predatory. =déprédation=, _n.f._, plundering, depredation, malversation. =dépréder=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to depredate, to plunder. =déprendre=, _v.a._, to loosen, to part. _se_ =déprendre=, _v.r._, to get detached _or_ loose; to give up, to renounce. =dépression=, _n.f._, hollow, depression, falling in; (astron., anat., surg.) depression. =déprier=, _v.a._, to disinvite. =déprimer=, _v.a._, to press down, to depress; to underrate. _se_ =déprimer=, _v.a._, to be flattened, depressed. =déprisant=, =-e=, _adj._, depreciating. =dépriser=, _v.a._, to undervalue, to underrate; to disparage. =de profundis= (-fon-dis), _n.m._, (c.rel.) de profundis. =dépuceler=, _v.a._, to deflower. =depuis=, _adv._, since, afterwards, ever after, since that time. _Je ne l’ai point vu —_; I have not seen him since. =depuis=, _prep._, since, from, after, for the last. _— la création du monde_; since the creation of the world. _— peu_; lately. _— quand?_ how long since? _— deux ans_; two years since. _— longtemps_; for a long time. _— ce temps-là_; ever after; since then. _— quelque temps_; for some time. =depuis que=, _conj._, since. _— — vous êtes parti_; since you went away. =dépurati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, depurative. =dépuration=, _n.f._, depuration. =dépuratoire=, _adj._, depuratory. =dépurer=, _v.a._, to depurate. =députation=, _n.f._, deputation; deputyship. =député=, _n.m._, deputy, delegate; M.P. =députer=, _v.a._, to depute, to send. =députer=, _v.n._, to send a deputation. =déracinement= (-si-n-mān), _n.m._, rooting up, eradication. =déraciner=, _v.a._, to root up, to pluck up, to pull up by the root, to eradicate, extirpate. _— un cor_; to cut out a corn. _— un mal_; to eradicate an evil. _se_ =déraciner=, _v.r._, to unroot, to be torn up by the roots. =dérader=, _v.n._, (nav.) to be driven out to sea. =déraidir=, _v.a._, to unstiffen, to make pliant, to soften. _se_ =déraidir=, _v.r._, to grow pliant, soft, supple. *=déraillement=, _n.m._, running off the rails. *=dérailler=, _v.n._, to run off the rails, to leave the metals. *=dérailler=, _v.a._, to throw off the rails. =déraison=, _n.f._, unreasonableness, folly, irrationality, preposterousness. =déraisonnable=, _adj._, senseless, unreasonable, void of reason, preposterous. =déraisonnablement=, _adv._, unreasonably, irrationally, preposterously. =déraisonnement=, _n.m._, irrational talk. =déraisonner=, _v.n._, to reason falsely, to talk nonsense, to talk irrationally. =dérangé=, =-e=, _adj._, out of order, deranged, crazy; unwell, out of sorts. _Estomac —_; disordered stomach. =dérangement= (dé-rānj-mān), _n.m._, derangement, discomposure, trouble, embarrassment; disorder, disturbance. =déranger=, _v.a._, to derange, to put out of its place, out of order, to displace; to discompose; to disconcert, to incommode, to put out of sorts, to unsettle, to disturb, to upset. _Cela m’a tout dérangé_; that has quite disconcerted me. _La moindre chose le dérange_; the least thing in the world unsettles _or_ upsets him. _se_ =déranger=, _v.r._, to be deranged; to get out of order; to be unwell; to trouble _or_ disturb oneself; to misconduct oneself; to lead a disorderly life. =déraper=, _v.n._, (nav.) to get atrip; to side-slip (of bicycles). _L’ancre a dérapé_; the anchor is atrip. _Faire — une ancre_; to trip an anchor. =dérâper=, _v.a._, to pick (grapes) from the bunch. =dératé=, =-e=, _adj._, deprived of spleen, lively; cunning, sharp. _Courir comme un —_; to go like a shot; to run like a greyhound. =dérater=, _v.a._, to take out, to extract, the spleen. =derby=, _n.m._, derby. =derechef=, _adv._, over again, afresh, anew, again. =déréglé=, =-e=, _adj._, irregular, intemperate; exorbitant; unruly; dissolute, profligate, lawless. _Vie —e_; irregular life. _Appétit —_; immoderate appetite. _Imagination —e_; disordered imagination. _Désirs —s_; inordinate desires. _Une conduite —e_; disorderly conduct. =déréglement=, _n.m._, intemperateness; irregularity; unruliness, riot, disorder; dissoluteness, licentiousness, profligacy. _Vivre dans le —_; to lead a disorderly life. =déréglément=, _adv._, disorderly, inordinately, intemperately, dissolutely, loosely. =dérégler=, _v.a._, to put out of order, to disorder. _se_ =dérégler=, _v.r._, to be out of order, to be deranged; to lead a disorderly life. =dérêner=, _v.n._, to unrein, to unbridle. =dérider=, _v.a._, to unwrinkle, to take away the wrinkles, to smooth, to clear, to cheer up. _La joie déride le front_; joy smooths the brow. _se_ =dérider=, _v.r._, to unbend one’s brow; to cheer up; to relax, to unbend. =dérimer=, _v.a._, to turn verse into prose. =dérision=, _n.f._, derision, mockery, ridicule. _Par —_; out of ridicule. _Tourner tout en —_; to turn everything into ridicule. =dérisoire=, _adj._, derisive, derisory, mocking. =dérivati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, derivative. =dérivatif=, _n.m._, derivative, counter-irritant. =dérivation=, _n.f._, derivation. =dérive=, _n.f._, drift, lee-way. _En_ or _À la —_; adrift. _Avoir belle —_; (nav.) to have good sea-room. =dérivé=, =-e=, _adj._, derivative; drifted. =dérivé=, _n.m._, (gram.) derivative. =dériver=, _v.n._, to be derived; to get clear of the shore; (nav.) to drift; to derive, to proceed from. _Faire —_; to derive. =dériver=, _v.a._, to derive; to divert, turn off (of rivers). =derme=, _n.m._, (anat.) derma. =derni-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, last; highest, greatest, vilest, meanest; youngest (of a family of children); (mus.) closing. _En — lieu_; in the last place. _En — ressort_; as a last appeal. _Rendre le — soupir_; to breathe one’s last. _C’est la —e lettre qu’il ait écrite_; it is the last letter he wrote. _Mettre la —e main à quelque chose_; to put the finishing touch to anything. _Une affaire de la —e importance_; an affair of the greatest importance. _Arriver au — degré_; to arrive at the highest degree. _Cela est du — ridicule_; that is ridiculous to a degree. _Aux —s les bons morceaux_; last come, best served. =derni-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, last; end of the gallery (tennis). _Le — des hommes_; the vilest of men. _Jusqu’au —_; to the last. _Dernier-né_, (_—s-—s_) last born male child. =dernièrement=, _adv._, lately, of late, latterly, recently. =dérobé=, =-e=, _part._, stolen, hidden, secret, concealed; spare, leisure (of time); (arch.) private. _Escalier —_; private staircase. _Fèves —es_; beans taken out of their skins. _À la —e_; by stealth, clandestinely. _S’en aller à la —e_; to steal away, to slip out. _Heures —es_; leisure hours. =dérober=, _v.a._, to rob, to steal, to pilfer, to plunder, to purloin; to conceal, to hide, to protect, to screen, to shelter; to shell (beans). _— quelqu’un à la justice_; to screen anyone from justice. _se_ =dérober=, _v.r._, to steal away, to escape, to disappear, to avoid, to shun. _Il s’est dérobé_; he has stolen away. _Se — à la justice_; to fly from justice. _Le vaisseau se déroba bientôt à la vue_; the ship was soon lost to view. =dérochage=, _n.m._, scouring (of metals). =dérocher=, _v.a._, to scour (of metals). =dérogation=, _n.f._, derogation. =dérogatoire=, _adj._, derogatory. =dérogeance=, _n.f._, forfeiture (of nobility). =dérogeant=, =-e= (-jānt, -t), _adj._, derogatory. =déroger=, _v.n._, to derogate; to take away, to detract; to condescend; to stoop. _— à l’usage établi_; to act contrary to established custom. _— à la noblesse_; to forfeit one’s nobility. ☉=déroidir=. _V._ =déraidir=. =dérougir=, _v.a._, to take off the redness. _se_ =dérougir=, _v.r._, to lose its redness. =dérougir=, _v.n._, to lose its redness. *=dérouillement=, _n.m._, removal of rust. *=dérouiller=, _v.a._, to remove the rust, to polish, to brighten up. *_se_ =dérouiller=, _v.r._, to lose its rust; to rub off the rust; to polish up; to read up a subject. _L’esprit se dérouille dans le grand monde_; good company rubs the rust off one’s mind. =déroulement= (dé-rool-mān), _n.m._, unrolling; production of the evolute (of curves). =dérouler=, _v.a._, to unroll; to spread out, to display; (geom.) to produce the evolute. _— les merveilles de la création_; to unfold the wonders of creation. _se_ =dérouler=, _v.r._, to unroll, to unfold; to display itself; to spread out; to open to the view; (of the waves) to roll in. =déroute=, _n.f._, rout, defeat, overthrow, ruin; failure, disorder, confusion. _Mettre une armée en —_; to rout an army. _Mettre quelqu’un en —_; to confuse, to nonplus, to silence anyone. _En pleine —_; in full flight. _Ses affaires sont en —_; he is in a bad way (financially). =dérouter=, _v.a._, to embarrass, to bewilder; to disconcert, to perplex; to baffle, to foil. _Je suis tout dérouté_; I am quite out of my latitude. =derrière=, _prep._, behind, behind one’s back. _Laisser loin — soi_; to leave far behind one. _Regardez — vous_; look behind you. =derrière=, _adv._, behind. _Par —_; from behind. _Porte de —_; back-door; (fig.) evasion. =derrière=, _n.m._, hind, hinder part; posteriors; tail-board (of a cart); breech. _Être logé sur le —_; to lodge at the back of the house. _Montrer le —_; to turn tail, to show the white feather. =derviche= _or_ =dervis=, _n.m._, dervis. =des=, _art.pl._, of the; from the. _V._ =de=. =dès=, _prep._, from, since, as early as. _— le point du jour_; from break of day. _— le berceau_; from the cradle. _— à présent_; from this moment, forthwith, henceforth. _— lors_; from that time. =dès que=, _conj._, when, as soon as; since. _Dès qu’il parut_; as soon as he appeared. _— —_ (for _du moment que_) _vous le souhaitez_; since you wish it. =désabonnement=, _n.m._, withdrawal of subscription. _se_ =désabonner=, _v.r._, to withdraw one’s subscription (from a newspaper or periodical). =désabuser=, _v.a._, to disabuse, to undeceive. _se_ =désabuser=, _v.r._, to undeceive one’s self. _Désabusez-vous_; undeceive yourself. =désaccord=, _n.m._, disagreement; (mus.) discord. _Être en —_; to be at variance. _Être en — avec soi-même_; to be inconsistant with one’s self. =désaccorder=, _v.a._, to untune, to set at variance. _se_ =désaccorder=, _v.r._, to get out of tune. =désaccouplement=, _n.m._, uncoupling. =désaccoupler=, _v.a._, to uncouple. _se_ =désaccoupler=, _v.r._, to uncouple, to get uncoupled; to come asunder. =désaccoutumance=, _n.f._, want of custom. =désaccoutumer=, _v.a._, to disaccustom. _se_ =désaccoutumer=, _v.r._, to break one’s self of, to lose the habit of. _Se — de faire une chose_; to leave off doing a thing. =désachalandage=, _n.m._, loss of custom. =désachalander=, _v.a._, to take away the customers, to drive away customers. =désaffection=, _n.f._, disaffection. =désaffectionner=, _v.a._, to lose affection, to cause any one to lose affection. _se_ =désaffectionner=, _v.r._, to lose affection. =désaffourcher=, _v.a._, (nav.) to unmoor _or_ heave up an anchor. =désaffubler=, _v.a._, to unmuffle. =désagencement=, _n.m._, throwing out of gear. =désagencer=, _v.a._, to throw out of gear, to disarrange, to disorder. =désagréable=, _adj._, disagreeable, unpleasant; unacceptable; uncomfortable; obnoxious; unsightly; distasteful. _Cela est — à voir_; that is displeasing to the sight. =désagréablement=, _adv._, disagreeably, unpleasantly; unacceptably; uncomfortably; obnoxiously. =désagréer=, _v.a._, to displease. _Cela ne me désagrée pas_; I do not dislike that. ☉=désagréer=, _v.a._, to unrig. _V._ =dégréer=. =désagrégation=, _n.f._, disaggregation. =désagréger=, _v.a._, to disaggregate. _se_ =désagréger=, _v.r._, to become disaggregated, to break away, to be rent asunder. =désagrément=, _n.m._, disagreeableness; unpleasantness, defect; blemish; annoyance, discomfort, vexation. =désajustement=, _n.m._, disarrangement; disorder. =désajuster=, _v.a._, to derange, to disarrange, to disturb, to put out of order, to disorder. _se_ =désajuster=, _v.r._, to become disarranged _or_ disturbed, to get out of order. _Sa coiffure s’est désajustée_; her hair has become disarranged. =désalignement=, _n.m._, (milit.) breaking line, out of line. =désaligner=, _v.a._, (milit.) to break the line. _se_ =désaligner=, _v.r._, (milit.) to fall out of line. =désallier=, _v.a._, to disunite (allies). _se_ =désallier=, _v.r._, to break off an alliance. =désaltérant=, =-e=, _adj._, thirst-quenching. =désaltérer=, _v.a._, to quench the thirst, to refresh. _se_ =désaltérer=, _v.r._, to quench one’s thirst. =désamorcer=, _v.a._, to uncap (fire-arms). ☉=désancrer=, _v.n._, to weigh anchor. *=désappareiller=. _V._ =dépareiller=. =désapparier=, _v.a._, to unpair (birds). =désappointement= (-point-mān), _n.m._, disappointment. =désappointer=, _v.a._, to disappoint; ☉to strike soldiers off the rolls; to unstitch. =désapprendre=, _v.a._, to unlearn, to forget. =désapprobat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, censurer, fault-finder. =désapprobat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, disapproving, censuring, carping. _Un geste —_; a gesture of disapprobation. =désapprobation=, _n.f._, disapprobation, disapproval. =désappropriation=, _n.f._, renunciation (of property). _se_ =désapproprier=, _v.r._, to renounce (property). =désapprouver=, _v.a._, to disapprove of, to blame. =désarborer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to strike, to haul down. =désarçonner=, _v.a._, to dismount, to unsaddle, to unhorse, to pull off; to baffle, to nonplus, to floor, to silence. =désargenter=, _v.a._, to unsilver, to drain of money. _Ces emplettes m’ont désargenté_; these purchases have emptied my purse. _se_ =désargenter=, _v.r._, to become unsilvered, to lose its plating, to spend all one’s money. =désarmé=, =-e=, _part._, disarmed, unarmed. =désarmement=, _n.m._, disarming, disarmament; (nav.) laying up. =désarmer=, _v.a._, to disarm, to unarm, to appease, to calm; to foil; to uncock (a gun); (nav.) to unship (oars); to lay up, to dismantle. _Ses pleurs me désarmèrent_; her tears disarmed me. _— la colère de quelqu’un_; to appease any one’s anger. _— un vaisseau_; to dismantle a ship, to lay her up; to pay off the officers and crew. =désarmer=, _v.n._, to disarm; (nav.) to be dismantled, to be paid off. =désarrimer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to alter or shift the stowage in the hold. =désarroi=, _n.m._, disorder, disarray, confusion, hurly-burly. =désarticulation=, _n.f._, (surg.) amputation (in a joint). =désarticuler=, _v.a._, to disjoint. =désassemblage=, _n.m._, disjoining. =désassembler=, _v.a._, to take to pieces, to separate. =désassocier=, _v.a._, to dissociate. =désassorti=, =-e=, _adj._, unmatched, ill-sorted; jarring, unsuitable. =désassortiment=, _n.m._, unmatching; bad assortment; unpairing. =désassortir=, _v.a._, to unmatch; to unstock. =désastre=, _n.m._, disaster, break-down; failure. =désastreusement= (-treûz-mān), _adv._, disastrously. =désastreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, disastrous, very sad. _C’est —_; it is sad in the extreme. =désavantage=, _n.m._, disadvantage; detriment, prejudice. _L’affaire a tourné à leur —_; the business turned out to their detriment, or badly for them. _Parler au — de quelqu’un_; to speak disparagingly of any one. =désavantager=, _v.a._, to deprive of an advantage, to disadvantage, to prejudice. =désavantageusement= (-jeuz-mān), _adv._, disadvantageously, disparagingly. =désavantageu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, disadvantageous, detrimental, prejudicial. =désaveu=, _n.m._, disavowal, denial; recantation. _Il fait le — de cette action_; he disowns that action. =désaveugler=, _v.a._, to undeceive, to open the eyes of. =désavouer=, _v.a._, to disown, to disclaim, to disavow, to deny; to retract, to recant. _— sa signature_; to repudiate _or_ deny one’s signature. _Cette mère a désavoué son enfant_; that mother has disowned her child. =descellement=, _n.m._, (mas.) loosening, unsealing. =desceller=, _v.a._, to unseal; (mas.) to loosen. _se_ =desceller=, _v.r._, to become unloosened _or_ unsealed; to get loose. =descendance=, _n.f._, descent, lineage, pedigree, birth, extraction. =descendant=, =-e=, _adj._, descending, going down; (milit.) coming off duty. =descendant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, descendant, offspring, progeny. =descendant=, _n.m._, (l.u.) ebb-tide. =descendre=, _v.n._, to descend; to go down; to go down stairs; to come, to step, to get down; to alight; to stay, to put up; to fall; to reach; to come from; (nav.) to land; to ebb, to subside. _Descendez vite_; make haste and come down. _— de cheval_; to dismount. _— de voiture_; to get out of, _or_ to alight from, a carriage. _— d’un bateau_; to get out of or off a boat. _— dans un puits_; to go down into a well. _La marée descend_; the tide is ebbing. _— dans sa conscience_; to examine one’s conscience. _Il descendit à l’hôtel_; he put up at the hotel. _Nous descendîmes dans une île_; we landed on an island. _Il vaut mieux monter que —_; it is better to rise than to fall. =descendre=, _v.a._, to descend, to take down, to bring, to let down; to go, to come, to get down; to set down; to land. _Descendez ce tableau_; take that picture down. _Où vous descendrai-je?_ where shall I set you down? _— la garde_; to come off guard. _Faire —_; to bring down, to fetch down, to let down, to send down; to lower, to sink. =descente=, _n.f._, descent; going down; taking down; subsiding (of waters); dismounting; disembarkment; (fin.) run; declivity; irruption; rupture, hernia; (milit.) coming off guard. _La justice a fait une — chez lui_; the police have searched his house. _— de lit_; bedside carpet, rug. =descriptible=, _adj._, describable. =descripti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, descriptive. =description=, _n.f._, description, inventory. =desdits=, _m.pl._, =desdites=, _f.pl._, from the said. =déséchouer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to get afloat; to get off. =désemballage=, _n.m._, unpacking. _V._ =déballage=. =désemballer=, _v.a._, to unpack. _On a désemballé les marchandises_; the goods have been unpacked. =désembarquement=, _n.m._, disembarkation, landing. _V._ =débarquement=. =désembarquer=, _v.a._, to disembark, to land; to unship, to unlade. =désembellir=, _v.n._, to lose one’s or its beauty. =désemboîter=, _v.a._, to disjoint; to put out of socket; to dislocate. _se_ =désemboîter=, _v.r._, to become disjointed. =désembourber=, _v.a._, to draw out of the mire. _se_ =désembourber=, _v.r._, to get out of the mire. =désemparer=, _v.n._, to quit, to go away. _Sans —_; on the spot, at once, without intermission. =désemparer=, _v.a._, to quit, to clear out, to dislodge; (nav.) to disable. _— un vaisseau_; to disable a ship. =désempenné= (dé-zan-pèn-né), _adj._, stripped of its feathers. =désempeser=, _v.a._, to unstarch. _se_ =désempeser=, _v.r._, to become unstarched, limp. =désemplir=, _v.a._, to make less full, to diminish the contents of. _— un tonneau_; to part empty a cask. _se_ =désemplir=, _v.r._, to become less full. _Ma bourse se désemplit_; my purse is getting low. =désemplir=, _v.n._, to grow empty, to become less full. _Sa maison ne désemplit point_; his house is always full of company. =désempoissonner=, _v.a._, to unstock (a pond). =désenchantement= (-shānt-mān), _n.m._, disenchantment. =désenchanter=, _v.a._, to disenchant. _se_ =désenchanter=, _v.r._, to become disenchanted. =désenchant-eur=, =-eresse=, _adj._, disenchanting. =désenchâsser=, _v.a._, to unset (jewels). =désenclaver=, _v.a._, to disenclose (land). =désenclouer=, _v.a._, to take out a nail, to unnail. _— un canon_; to unspike a cannon. _— un cheval_; to take a nail out of a horse’s foot. =désencombrement=, _n.m._, disencumbrance; dispersing. =désencombrer=, _v.a._, to disencumber; to clear. =désenfiler=, _v.a._, to unthread, to unstring. _se_ =désenfiler=, _v.r._, to come unthreaded _or_ unstrung. =désenfler=, _v.a._, to reduce the swelling. _se_ =désenfler=, _v.r._, to become less swollen. =désenfler=, _v.n._, to become less swollen; to cease to be swollen. =désenflure=, _n.f._, diminution, disappearance of a swelling. =désengrener=, _v.a._, to throw out of gear. =désenivrer=, _v.a._, to sober, to make sober again. _Il ne désenivre pas_; he is always drunk. _se_ =désenivrer=, _v.r._, to get sober again, to recover, to be cured of. _Se — en dormant_; to sleep oneself sober. =désenlaidir=, _v.a._, to render less ugly. _se_ =désenlaidir=, _v.r._, to become less ugly. =désennui=, _n.m._, amusement, recreation, diversion, distraction. =désennuyer=, _v.a._, to enliven; to cheer, to divert, to amuse. _se_ =désennuyer=, _v.r._, to find amusement; to divert oneself, to kill time. =désenrayer=, _v.a._, to unlock _or_ unskid. =désenrayer=, _v.n._, to unskid. =désenrhumer=, _v.a._, to cure of a cold. _v.n._ _Ne pas —_; to be never without a cold. _se_ =désenrhumer=, _v.r._, to cure, get rid of, one’s cold. =désenrôlement=, _n.m._, (milit.) discharge. =désenrôler=, _v.a._, to discharge. =désenrouer=, _v.a._, to cure of hoarseness. =désenrouer=, _v.n._ _Ne pas —_; to be always hoarse. _se_ =désenrouer=, _v.r._, to cure one’s hoarseness. =désensabler=, _v.a._, to get out of the mud _or_ sand. =désensevelir= (-sĕv-lir), _v.a._, to unwrap; to unshroud; to exhume. =désensevelissement=, _n.m._, unshrouding; exhumation, disinterment. =désensorceler=, _v.a._, to unbewitch. =désensorcellement=, _n.m._, unbewitching. =désentêter=, _v.a._, to cure of obstinacy; to drive out of the head. _se_ =désentêter=, _v.r._, to be cured of obstinacy _or_ infatuation. _Il ne peut se — de cette opinion_; he cannot get that opinion out of his head. =désentortiller=, _v.a._, to untwist; to clear; to unravel. =désentraver=, _v.a._, to unfetter, to untangle. =désenverguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to unbend (sails). =désert=, =-e=, _adj._, desert, solitary, wild, waste, unfrequented; abandoned, deserted. =désert=, _n.m._, desert, solitary place, waste, wilderness. _Prêcher au —_; to speak to the wind. =déserter=, _v.a._, to desert, to abandon, to forsake, to quit, to leave. _— les drapeaux_; to desert one’s colors. =déserter=, _v.n._, to desert, to leave. _— à l’ennemi_; to go over to the enemy. =déserteur=, _n.m._, deserter. =désertion=, _n.f._, desertion. =désespérance=, _n.f._, despair. =désespérant=, =-e=, _adj._, desperate, hopeless, discouraging, disheartening; distressing; provoking; matchless. =désespéré=, =-e=, _part._, hopeless, desperate; disconsolate, despondent, disheartened. =désespéré=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, madman, madwoman; person in despair. _Se battre en —_; to fight desperately. _Agir en —_; to behave like a madman. =désespérément=, _adv._, desperately, despairingly; hopelessly. =désespérer=, _v.n._, to despair, to despond, to give up all hope. _— de quelqu’un_, _de quelque chose_; to despair of any one, of anything; to give up any one, anything, for lost. =désespérer=, _v.a._, to drive to despair; to dishearten; to dispirit; to distress, to torment. _se_ =désespérer=, _v.r._, to be in despair, to give way to despair, to despond. =désespoir=, _n.m._, despair; hopelessness, desperation, despondency; grief, affliction. _Être au —_; to be in despair, distress; to be vexed, grieved. _Mettre au —_; to drive to despair; to vex extremely. _Tomber dans le —_; to sink into despair. _De —_; through despair. _En — de cause_; as a last resource, shift. *=déshabillé= (dé-za-), _n.m._, dishabille, undress. _— du matin_; morning dress _or_ wrapper. *=déshabiller= (dé-za-), _v.a._, to undress, to strip, to disrobe. _se_ *=déshabiller= (dé-za-), _v.r._, to undress one’s self. =déshabité=, =-e= (dé-za-), _adj._, uninhabited, deserted. =déshabituer= (dé-za-), _v.a._, to unaccustom, to break of. _se_ =déshabituer= (dé-za-), _v.r._, to unaccustom one’s self; to break one’s self of. _Se — d’une chose_; to leave off doing a thing. =déshérence= (dé-zé-), _n.f._, (jur.) escheat. =déshéritement= (dé-zé-), _n.m._, disinheritance. =déshériter= (dé-zé-), _v.a._, to disinherit. =désheurer= (dé-zeu-), _v.a._, (fam., l.u.) to derange the hours of, to disturb. _se_ =désheurer= (dé-zeu-), _v.r._, (fam., l.u.) to change one’s hours; to disturb one’s self; (of clocks) to strike one time and mark another; to strike wrong. =déshonnête= (dé-zo-), _adj._, immodest, indecent, shameful; dishonest. =déshonnêtement= (dé-zo-nêt-mān), _adv._, indecently, immodestly, shamefully; dishonestly. =déshonnêteté= (dé-zo-nêt-té), _n.f._, (l.u.) indecency, immodesty; dishonesty. =déshonneur= (dé-zo-), _n.m._, dishonor; disgrace, shame, discredit. _Il a mis le comble à son —_; he has put the finishing stroke to his dishonor. _Faire — à quelqu’un_; to disgrace any one. ☉_C’est me prier de mon —_; that is asking me to dishonor myself. _Tenir à —_; to look upon as dishonorable. =déshonorable= (dé-zo-), _adj._, dishonorable, disgraceful. =déshonorablement= (dé-zo-), _adv._, dishonorably. =déshonorant=, =-e= (dé-zo-), _adj._, dishonorable, disgraceful, shameful. =déshonorer= (dé-zo-), _v.a._, to dishonor, to bring to shame, to bring shame upon, to disgrace, to tarnish, to disparage. _se_ =déshonorer= (dé-zo-), _v.r._, to dishonor one’s self, to disgrace one’s self. =desideratum=, _n.m._, (_desiderata_, _pl._), desideratum. *=désignati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, indicative. *=désignation=, _n.f._, designation, indication; nomination, choice, election. *=désigné=, =-e=, _part._, appointed, indicated, prescribed. _À l’heure —e_; at the appointed hour. *=désigner=, _v.a._, to designate, to describe; to dénote, to betoken; to appoint, to fix; to assign, to elect, to nominate, to choose, to point out; to name, to call. =désillusion=, _n.f._, =désillusionnement=, _n.m._, disillusion; disappointment. =désillusionner=, _v.a._, to undeceive, to disillusionize, to disappoint. =désincorporer=, _v.a._, to disincorporate, to separate, to disunite, to disembody. =désinence=, _n.f._, (gram.) termination, ending. =désinfatuer=, _v.a._, to disabuse, to undeceive, to dispel the infatuation of. _se_ =désinfatuer=, _v.r._, to cease to be infatuated. =désinfectant=, _adj._, disinfecting. =désinfectant=, _n.m._, disinfectant. =désinfecter=, _v.a._, to disinfect, to purify. _se_ =désinfecter=, _v.r._, to become disinfected. =désinfection=, _n.f._, disinfection, fumigation. =désintéressé=, =-e=, _adj._, uninterested; disinterested; unselfish, impartial, unbiased; indemnified. =désintéressement= (-rès-mān), _n.m._, impartiality; indifference; disinterestedness, self-denial. =désintéressement=, _adv._, (l.u.) disinterestedly. =désintéresser=, _v.a._, to indemnify; to buy out the interest of; to refund, to repay. *=désinterligner=, _v.a._, (print.) to unlead. =désinvestir=, _v.a._, (law) to devest; to deprive, to divest; (mil.) to raise the siege of. =désinviter=, _v.a._, to recall an invitation. =désinvolte=, _adj._, free, easy, unconstrained. =désinvolture=, _n.f._, easy _or_ graceful bearing _or_ gait; ease, gracefulness. =désir=, _n.m._, desire, wish; longing. _— déréglé_; inordinate desire. _Au gré de ses —s_; agreeably to his wishes. _Brûler du — de_; to long to do. =désirable=, _adj._, desirable. =désirer=, _v.a._, to desire, to wish for, to long for, to want. _Que désirez-vous de moi?_ what do you want of _or_ with me? _Cet ouvrage ne laisse rien à —_; this work is most satisfactory in all respects. _À —_; desirable. _Cela laisse à —_; there is room for improvement. =désireu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, desirous, anxious, eager (to). =désistement=, _n.m._, desistance, (law) nonsuit. _se_ =désister=, _v.r._, to desist from, to give over, to abandon, to renounce, (jur.) to waive. =dès lors=, _adv._ _V._ =dès=. =desman=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) musk-rat. =désobéir=, _v.n._, to refuse to obey; to disobey. =désobéissance=, _n.f._, disobedience; undutifulness; (jur.) contumacy. =désobéissant=, =-e=, _adj._, disobedient; undutiful. =désobligeamment= (-ja-mān), _adv._, disobligingly; unkindly. =désobligeance=, _n.f._, unkindness; lack of complaisance. =désobligeant=, =-e= (-jān, -t), _adj._, disobliging; unkind; uncivil. =désobligeante= (-jant), _n.f._, carriage for two. =désobliger=, _v.a._, to disoblige; to displease. =désobstruant=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) deobstruent. =désobstruant=, _n.m._, (med.) deobstruent. =désobstructi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) deobstruent. =désobstructi-f=, _n.m._, (med.) deobstruent. =désobstruer=, _v.a._, to clear from obstruction, to free, to deobstruct. =désoccupation=, _n.f._, inactivity, want of employment, leisure. _V._ =désœuvrement=. =désoccupé=, =-e=, _adj._, unemployed, unoccupied; at leisure; idle. =désœuvré=, =-e=, _adj._, unoccupied, idle, unemployed. _Être —_; to be unemployed. _Le temps pèse aux gens —s_; time hangs heavily on the hands of idlers. =désœuvrement=, _n.m._, want of occupation, idleness. =désolant=, =-e=, _adj._, disheartening, grievous, afflicting, distressing, dispiriting; mortifying, provoking, unbearable, tiresome. =désolateur=, _n.m._, spoiler, ravager, destroyer. _adj._, desolating, ravaging, destructive. =désolation=, _n.f._, desolation, disconsolateness, affliction, grief, vexation. =désolé=, =-e=, _part._, afflicted, disconsolate, broken-hearted, in great distress; very sorry; grieved. _Je suis —, mais il m’est impossible de venir_; I am very sorry, but I cannot possibly come. =désoler=, _v.a._, to desolate, to lay waste, to waste, to devastate; to afflict, to grieve, to make disconsolate, to drive mad; to vex; to pester, to harass, to annoy, to torment. _La mort de son ami le désole_; the death of his friend cuts him to the quick. _Ce retard me désole_; this delay vexes me. _se_ =désoler=, _v.r._, to grieve, to give one’s self up to affliction, to pine with grief, to be disconsolate. =désopilant=, =-e=, _adj._, funny, laughable, side-splitting; (med.) deobstruent. =désopilant=, _n.m._, (med.) deobstruent. =désopilati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) deobstruent, opening. =désopilation=, _n.f._, (med.) deobstruction, clearance. =désopiler=, _v.a._, (med.) to deobstruct, to clear. _Cela désopile la rate_; that dispels the spleen. _se_ =désopiler=, _v.r._, to brighten up, to cheer up. =désordonné=, =-e=, _adj._, disorderly; dissolute, unruly, inordinate; immoderate, extravagant. _Appétit —_; immoderate appetite. =désordonnément=, _adv._, disorderly, irregularly; inordinately, immoderately, excessively. =désordonner=, _v.a._, to disorder, to disturb. _se_ =désordonner=, _v.r._, to become disordered. =désordre=, _n.m._, disorder, confusion; licentiousness; disorderly life; riot, debauchery; discomposure, perturbation; variance, dissension, discord; disturbance; devastation. _Vivre dans le —_; to lead a riotous life. _Il a l’esprit en —_; his mind is in a state of perturbation. _Les passions mettent le — dans l’âme_; the passions discompose the soul. _Faire cesser le —_; to put an end to the disturbance. _En —_; in disorder. =désorganisat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, disorganizer; disorganizing. =désorganisation=, _n.f._, disorganization. =désorganiser=, _v.a._, to disorganize. _se_ =désorganiser=, _v.r._, to become disorganized. =désorienter=, _v.a._, to put any one out of his reckoning; to lead astray; to mislead; to bewilder; to put out, to disconcert, to put out of countenance. _Être désorienté_; to lose one’s way _or_ one’s bearings; to be out of one’s element _or_ of one’s reckoning. _Notre guide était tout à fait désorienté_; our guide was quite out of his reckoning. =désormais=, _adv._, henceforth, hereafter, from this time. =désossement= (dé-zos-mān), _n.m._, boning. =désosser=, _v.a._, to bone. _Une dinde désossée_; a boned turkey. _se_ =désosser=, _v.r._, to become disjointed. =désourdir= (dé-zoor-), _v.a._, (l.u.) to unweave; to unravel. =désoxydation=, _n.f._, (chem.) disoxidation, deoxidation. =désoxyder=, _v.a._, (chem.) to disoxidate, to deoxidate. _se_ =désoxyder=, _v.r._, to disoxidate, to deoxidize; to become deoxidized. =désoxygénation=, _n.f._, (chem.) disoxygenation. =désoxygéner=, _v.a._, (chem.) to disoxygenate. _se_ =désoxygéner=, _v.r._, to become disoxygenated. =despote=, _n.m._, despot. =despotique=, _adj._, despotic, despotical. =despotiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, despotically. =despotisme=, _n.m._, despotism. =despumation=, _n.f._, (chem.) despumation. =despumer=, _v.a._, (chem.) to despumate, to skim. =desquamation= (-koua-), _n.f._, desquamation. =dessabler=, _v.a._, to clear of sand. =dessaboté=, =-e=, _adj._, unhoofed (of horses). =dessaisir=, _v.a._, to dispossess. _se_ =dessaisir=, _v.r._, to deprive one’s self of, to give up, to part with. =dessaisissement= (-zis-mān), _n.m._, parting with, cession, abandonment. =dessaisonner=, _v.a._, (agri.) to change the rotation of crops; to grow out of season. =dessalé=, =-e=, _part._, unsalted, soaked; sharp, cunning. =dessalé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, sharp fellow, sharp woman, knowing person. =dessalement=, _n.m._, clearing of salt, soaking. =dessaler=, _v.a._, to remove salt from meat; to soak. _se_ =dessaler=, _v.r._, to become less salt. =dessangler=, _v.a._, to ungirth, to loosen the girth. =desséchant=, =-e=, _adj._, drying. =desséché=, =-e=, _part._, dried up; desiccated. _Des ossements —s_; dried bones. _Des marais —s_; drained marshes. =desséchement= (-sésh-mān), _n.m._, drying up, drainage, dryness; emaciation. =dessécher=, _v.a._, to dry, to dry up; to parch; to drain; to wither; to waste, to emaciate. _se_ =dessécher=, _v.r._, to dry up, to become dry; to be drained; to wither; to waste away. =dessein=, _n.m._, design, intention, intent; resolution; plan, scheme, purpose, view. _Le — en est formé_; the resolution is taken. _Cacher son —_; to hide one’s purpose. _Former le — de faire une chose_; to intend to do a thing. _Changer de —_; to alter one’s mind. _Avoir — de_; to intend. _Avoir de grands —s_; to have great views. _De — prémédité_; of set purpose. _À —_; designedly, on purpose, intentionally. _À bon —_; with a good intention. _À — de_; in order to, with the object of. _À — que_; that, to the end that. _Sans —_; undesignedly, unintentionally. =desseller=, _v.a._, to unsaddle. =dessemelé=, =-e=, _adj._, without soles, soleless. =dessemeler=, _v.a._, to take soles off, to wear out the soles of. =desserre=, _n.f._, (l.u.) loosening. _Être dur à la —_; to be close-fisted. =desserrer=, _v.a._, to loosen, to slacken; to relax, to open; (print.) to unlock. _Je n’ai pas desserré les dents_; I never opened my lips, never said a word. _se_ =desserrer=, _v.r._, to get loose, to loosen. =dessert=, _n.m._, dessert. =desserte=, _n.f._, leavings; ecclesiastical functions, officiating; connection; service. _Chemin de —_; connecting road. =dessertir=, _v.a._, to unset (gems). =desservant=, _n.m._, curate, officiating minister, worker. =desservir=, _v.a._, to take away, to clear the table, to remove the cloth; to do an ill office; to officiate (of clergyman). _Il vous a desservi auprès du ministre_; he has done you an ill turn with the minister. =dessiccati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, desiccative, desiccant. =dessiccatif=, _n.m._, desiccative, desiccant. =dessiccation=, _n.f._, desiccation. =dessiller=, _v.a._, to open (eyes). _— les yeux à quelqu’un_; to undeceive any one. _se_ =dessiller=, _v.r._, to become opened. =dessin=, _n.m._, drawing; design, sketch; pattern; draught, plan; (mus.) arrangement. _— lavé_; washed drawing. _— colorié_; colored drawing. _— haché_; hatched drawing. _— lithographié_; lithographic drawing. _— à la craie_; chalk drawing. _Cette étoffe est d’un joli —_; this stuff is of a pretty pattern. _— à main levée_; free-hand drawing. =dessinateur=, _n.m._, draughtsman; designer, pattern-drawer. =dessiné=, =-e=, _part._, drawn. _Une figure bien —e_; a well-drawn face. _Un jardin bien —_; a garden well laid out. =dessiner=, _v.a._, to draw, to design, to sketch, to delineate; to set off, to mark, to indicate; to lay out. _— au crayon_; to draw with a pencil. _— de fantaisie_, _d’après nature_, _d’après la bosse_; to draw from fancy, from nature, from the bust. _Un vêtement qui dessine bien les formes_; a dress that sets off the figure to advantage. _se_ =dessiner=, _v.r._, to be delineated, to be visible, to appear; to assume a form, to be formed, to be conspicuous; to display one’s figure to advantage; to stand out, to show prominently. _Une terre se dessine dans la brume_; land is visible through the mist. =dessolement=, _n.m._, altering the rotation of crops. =dessoler=, _v.a._, (agri.) to unsole (animals); to take off the sole; to change the rotation of crops. =dessouder=, _v.a._, to unsolder. _se_ =dessouder=, _v.r._, to get unsoldered. =dessoudure=, _n.f._, unsoldering. =dessoufrage=, _n.m._, desulphuration. =dessoufrer=, _v.a._, to desulphurate. =dessoûler=, _v.a._, (pop.) to sober, to make sober. =dessoûler=, _v.n._, to get sober again. _Il ne dessoûl pas_; he is always on the drink. _se_ =dessoûler=, _v.r._, (pop.) to get sober again. =dessous=, _adv._, under, underneath, below. _Ci-—_; underneath, below. _En —_; underneath; downward; (fig.) sly, artful. =dessous=, _prep._, under, underneath, beneath. _Je l’ai cherché dessus et — la table_; I have looked for it upon and under the table. =dessous=, _n.m._, lower part; under side; wrong side; worst; lee (of the wind). _Le — du vent_; (nav.) leeward. _Avoir le —_; to be worsted, to have the worst of it. _Au-—_; below; under; beneath. _Je suis logé au-— de lui_; I lodge below him. _Cet emploi est au-— de lui_; that employment is beneath him. _Par-—_; under, beneath. _Là-—_; there, under there. _Voir le — des cartes_; to be in the secret; in the know; to have been behind the scenes. _Jusqu’au troisième —_; very deep. _— de bras_; dress-preserver. =dessus=, _adv._, on, upon, over; uppermost. _Il n’est ni — ni dessous_; it is neither on nor under. _Sens — dessous_; upside down, topsy-turvy. _Au —_; above; upwards. _Ci-—_; above. _Voyez ci-—_; see above. _En —_; on the upper _or_ right side; in the upper part, above; at the top; uppermost. _Cela est noir en — et blanc en dessous_; it is black on the upper side, and white underneath. _Là-—_; on it, on that, on there; to, on, about, this subject; upon this head; on which, thereupon, saying this, with these words. _Passons la —_; let us dismiss the subject. _Vous pouvez compter là-—_; you may rely upon that. _Par-—_; above; over; more, over and above. _Il sauta par-—_; he jumped over. =dessus=, _prep._, on, upon. _Otez cela de — la table_; take that off the table. _Cela est au-— de ses forces_; that is beyond his strength. _Cet homme est au-— de la calomnie_; this man is out of the reach of slander. _Il sauta par-— la barrière_; he leaped over the gate. _Par-— tout_; above all. _Il a des affaires par-— les yeux_; he is over head and ears in business. _Par-— le marché_; into the bargain. =dessus=, _n.m._, top, the upper part; upper side, right side; upper hand, advantage; (mus.) treble. _Le — de la tête_; the crown of the head. _Le — de la main_; the back of the hand. _Le — d’un livre_; the cover of a book. _— de fauteuil_; antimacassar. _— de marbre_; marble-top. _— de porte_; panel-frieze. _— de toilette_; toilet cover. _Avoir_ or _prendre le —_; to gain the ascendancy, the upper hand. _Le — du vent_; (nav.) the weather-gauge. _Être au-— du vent_; to be to windward, leeward. _Bas-—_ (_—_); second treble. =destin=, _n.m._, destiny, doom, fate; career. _On ne peut fuir son —_; no one can escape his destiny. =destinataire=, _n.m.f._, (com.) consignee; (post.) addressee; receiver, recipient. =destination=, _n.f._, destination; intention, object, end. _À — de_; addressed to; (nav.) bound for. =destiné=, =-e=, _part._, destined, born. _Il est — au barreau_; he is destined for the law. _Il était — à périr de cette manière_; he was doomed to perish in this way. =destinée=, _n.f._, fate, destiny; doom; career. _Remplir ses —s_; to fulfil one’s destiny. _Finir sa —_; to terminate one’s career. =destiner=, _v.a._, to destine, to intend, to design, to purpose; to doom. _À qui destine-t-on un si riche présent?_ for whom is so rich a present intended? _se_ =destiner=, _v.r._, to be destined, intended. _Il se destine au barreau_; he intends to follow the profession of the law. =destituable=, _adj._, removable from office. =destitué=, =-e=, _adj._, destitute, devoid; cashiered, removed. _— de bon sens_; devoid of sense. =destituer=, _v.a._, to dismiss, to turn out, to discharge, to remove (from office); to cashier. =destitution=, _n.f._, dismissal, removal. ☉=destrier=, _n.m._, steed, charger, war-horse. =destruct-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, destroyer; ravager, spoiler. _Les soldats sont de grands —s_; soldiers are great spoilers. =destruct-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, destructive, destroying, deadly, ruinous; subversive. =destructibilité=, _n.f._, destructibility. =destructi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, destructive, destroying. =destruction=, _n.f._, destruction. =désuétude= (-su-), _n.f._, disuse, desuetude. _Tomber dans la —_; to fall into disuse; to become obsolete (of words). =désunion=, _n.f._, disunion, disjunction. =désunir=, _v.a._, to disunite, to disjoin, to part, to separate. _se_ =désunir=, _v.r._, to disunite, to come asunder, to divide, to fall out. =désusité=, =-e=, _adj._, obsolete, out of use; exploded. =détachage=, _n.m._, cleaning, scouring; removal of spots. =détachement= (dé-tash-mān), _n.m._, indifference; (milit.) detachment, draught. _— de tout intérêt_; disinterestedness. =détacher=, _v.a._, to detach, to disengage, to loosen, to untie, to unbind, to unfasten; to undo; to separate, to cut off; to give (a blow); (milit.) to draught, to tell off; to take out stains, to clean. _— une épingle_; to take out a pin. _— un ruban_; to loosen a ribbon. _— une agrafe_; to undo a clasp. _— un soufflet à quelqu’un_; to give any one a box on the ear. _Morceaux détachés_; extracts. _se_ =détacher=, _v.r._, to become loosened, unfastened; to get loose; to come undone; to be detached; to disengage one’s self; to break away _or_ off; to come off _or_ away; to wean one’s self of. _Se — d’une femme_; to break off acquaintance with a woman. _Se — du jeu_; to leave off gambling. =détacheu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, scourer, cleaner. *=détail=, _n.m._, detail, small matter, trifle, mere nothing; retail; particular, circumstance. _Vendre en —_; to sell by retail. _Je n’ai omis aucun des —s_; I omitted none of the circumstances. _En —_; minutely, piece-meal; bit by bit. *=détaillant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, retailer, publican. *=détailler=, _v.a._, to cut in pieces; to retail; to sell by retail; to detail, to relate minutely. *_se_ =détailler=, _v.r._, to be cut up, to be related minutely; to be retailed. *=détailleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, retailer. =détalage=, _n.m._, taking in goods; putting _or_ packing up goods. =détaler=, _v.a._, to take in goods; to pack up. =détaler=, _v.n._, to take in goods; to shut up shop; to scamper away; to take one’s self off. =détalinguer= (-ghé), _v.n._, (nav.) to unbend (a cable). =détaper=, _v.a._, to take out the tampion (of a gun). =déteindre=, _v.a._, to take out the dye _or_ color. =déteindre=, _v.n._, to lose color, to fade; to come off (of colors). _Cette étoffe déteint beaucoup_; this stuff fades very much. _se_ =déteindre=, _v.r._, to lose color; to fade; to come off (of colors). =dételage=, _n.m._, taking out of harness, unharnessing. =dételer= (dé-tlé), _v.a._, to unharness, to take out of harness, to unyoke. =détendoir=, _n.m._, stretcher, unstretcher (weaving). =détendre=, _v.a._, to unbend, to slacken, to relax, to loosen, to take down, to unhang. _— un arc_; to unbend a bow. _— son esprit_; to relax one’s mind. _— une tapisserie_; to take down a set of hangings. _— une tente_; to strike a tent. _se_ =détendre=, _v.r._, to unbend, to slacken; to take relaxation, repose; to become easier; to become milder (of weather). =détendre=, _v.n._, to take down, to unhang (tapestry); to strike (tents). =détenir= (dé-tnir), _v.a._, to detain, to withhold, to keep back, to confine. _— quelqu’un en prison_; to keep in prison. =détente=, _n.f._, unbending, relaxing; trigger (of a gun); (horl.) detent, stop. _Machine à —_; expansion-engine. _À la —_; in pulling the trigger. _Lâcher la —_; to pull the trigger. _Être dur à la —_; (fig. and fam.) to be close-fisted. =détent-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, holder, detainer. *=détentillon=, _n.m._, (horl.) detent, _or_ stop, of the minute-hand. =détention=, _n.f._, detention, imprisonment. =détenu=, =-e=, _part._, detained, withheld. _— en prison_; kept in prison. _— prisonnier_; kept a prisoner. _Être — pour dettes_; to be in prison for debt. =détenu=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, prisoner, convict. =détergent=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) detergent. =déterger=, _v.a._, (med.) to deterge; to absterge, to cleanse. _— une plaie_; to cleanse a wound. =détérioration=, _n.f._, deterioration, debasement; wear and tear. =détériorer=, _v.a._, to deteriorate, to impair, to make worse. _se_ =détériorer=, _v.r._, to deteriorate; to become defaced, to become debased; to become the worse for wear. =déterminable=, _adj._, determinable. =déterminant=, =-e=, _adj._, determinative, decisive, conclusive. =déterminati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) determinative. =déterminatif=, _n.m._, (gram.) determinative word. =détermination=, _n.f._, determination, resolution, decision, settled purpose. =déterminé=, =-e=, _part._, determined, decided; fixed; resolved on; caused; determinate; ascertained. _Un sens —_; a determinate signification. _Il est — à tout_; he is ready for anything. =déterminé=, =-e=, _adj._, determined, bold, steady, resolute. =déterminé=, _n.m._, desperate fellow, resolute man. _Un petit —_; a froward, ungovernable child. =déterminément=, _adv._, absolutely, positively, determinately, expressly, precisely; boldly, resolutely. =déterminer=, _v.a._, to determine, to decide, to settle, to fix; to ascertain; to resolve; to take a resolution; to fix the meaning; to lead to, to cause, to bring on or about. _C’est moi qui l’ai déterminé à cela_; it was I who made him take that resolve. _se_ =déterminer=, _v.r._, to resolve; to determine; to be determined. _Je ne puis me — à rien_; I cannot resolve upon anything. =déterminisme=, _n.m._, (philos.) determinism. =déterré=, _n.m._, person dug up. _Avoir l’air d’un —_; to look like one risen from the dead. _Il a l’air d’un —_; he is as pale as a ghost. =déterrer=, _v.a._, to dig up; to disinter, to take up; to find, to discover, to bring to light, to ferret out, to rout out; to unkennel (foxes); to unearth (hunt.). =déterreur=, _n.m._, hunter out, ferreter. _— de saints_; discoverer of the names of saints. =détersi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) detersive, abstergent, cleansing. =détersif=, _n.m._, (med.) detergent, detersive. =détestable=, _adj._, detestable, hateful, abominable, odious; wretchedly bad, wretched. _J’ai une plume —_; I have a wretchedly bad pen. =détestablement=, _adv._, detestably, abominably, hatefully. =détestation=, _n.f._, detestation, abhorrence. =détester=, _v.a._, to detest, to hate, to abhor; to dislike. =détester=, _v.n._, (l.u.) to blaspheme. _Ne faire que jurer et —_; to do nothing but curse and swear. =détiarer=, _v.a._, to discrown. =détignonner=, _v.a._, to tear the hair of. =détirer=, _v.a._, to draw out, to stretch, to wire-draw. _— une étoffe_; to pull out a stuff. _— des cuirs_; to stretch hides. =détiser=, _v.a._, to rake out (the fire); to still, to quell. =détisser=, _v.a._, to unweave. _se_ =détisser=, _v.r._, to get unwoven. =détitrer=, _v.a._, to distitle, to deprive of (a title). =détonant=, _adj._, detonating. =détonation=, _n.f._, detonation, report. _À —_; detonating. =détoner=, _v.n._, to detonate. =détonneler=, _v.a._, to draw out of a cask. =détonner=, _v.n._, to be out of tune, to play _or_ sing out of tune; to talk nonsense. =détordage=, _n.m._, untwisting, picking. =détordre=, _v.a._, to untwist, to unwring. _se_ =détordre=, _v.r._, to come untwisted. =détorquer=, _v.a._, to distort, to misrepresent. _— un passage_; to distort the meaning of a passage. =détors=, =-e=, _adj._, untwisted. ☉=détorse=, _n.f._ _V._ =entorse=. =détortiller=, _v.a._, to untwist; to unravel. *_se_ =détortiller=, _v.r._, to become untwisted; to be unraveled. =détouper=, _v.a._, to unstop, to take out the bung, to clear of brambles; to take the tow out of. *=détoupillonner=, _v.a._, to prune (orange-trees). =détour=, _n.m._, winding, turning; roundabout way, circuitous road; shift, evasion, trick, subterfuge, dodge. _Le — d’une rue_; the turning of a street. _Les —s d’un bois_; the windings and turnings of a wood. _Quel — vous avez fait!_ what a roundabout way you have come! _Je connais ses tours et ses —s_; I know all his evasions and subterfuges. _Être sans —_; to be sincere, straightforward. _User de —s_; to resort to shifts and evasions. =détourné=, =-e=, _part._, turned away; retired; indirect, oblique. _Des chemins —s_; by-ways. _Voie —e_; indirect means. =détournement=, _n.m._, turning away, turning aside; embezzlement. _— de mineur_; (law) abduction of a minor. =détourner=, _v.a._, to turn away, to turn aside, to lead astray, to turn off, to lead off, out of; to divert, to avert, to drive or keep back, to estrange; to secrete; to convey away, to embezzle, to appropriate; to deter, to dissuade. _— la vue_; to turn the eyes away. _— un coup_; to avert a blow. _On l’accuse d’avoir détourné ces fonds_; he is accused of having converted these funds to his own use. _Cela me détourne de mes occupations_; that draws me away from my business. _se_ =détourner=, _v.r._, to turn away; to turn aside; to go out of the way, to swerve. _Se — de son chemin_; to go out of one’s way. _Se — de son devoir_; to swerve from one’s duty. _Se — de son travail_; to leave one’s work. =détourner=, _v.n._, to turn, to turn off. =détourneu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, shoplifter. =détracter=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to detract, to traduce, to slander, to speak ill of, to backbite. =détract-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, detracter, slanderer, traducer. =détracteur=, _adj.m._, detractive, detracting. =détraction=, _n.f._, detraction. =détranger=, _v.a._, (hort.) to drive away (insects). =détraquer=, _v.a._, to spoil a horse’s paces, to throw a horse out of his paces; to disorder, to put out of order; to throw into confusion; to lead astray. _se_ =détraquer=, _v.r._, to lose its paces (of a horse); to be out of order, to be disordered; to go astray. _Cette montre se détraque_; this watch is out of order. _Sa tête se détraque_; his brain is disordered. _Un cheval qui se détraque_; a horse that loses his paces. =détrempe=, _n.f._, distemper, painting in distemper. _Une —_; a sketch in distemper. _Un mariage en —_; an irregular union. _Ouvrage —_; a poor copy of another work. =détremper=, _v.a._, to dilute, to dissolve, to moisten, to weaken; to enervate. _— des couleurs_; to dilute colors. _— de la farine avec des œufs_; to beat up flour with eggs. _— de l’acier_; to soften steel. =détresse=, _n.f._, distress, sorrow, grief, trouble, anguish. _J’eus pitié de sa —_; I took compassion on his sorrow. =détresser=, _v.a._, to unweave, to unplait. _se_ =détresser=, _v.r._, to become unwoven, etc. =détriment=, _n.m._, detriment; injury, prejudice; (geol.) remains. _Au — de_; to the prejudice of. =détritage=, _n.m._, crushing. =détriter=, _v.a._, to crush. =détrition=, _n.f._, detrition. =détritoir=, _n.m._, crushing-mill. =détritus= (-tûs), _n.m._, detritus, residue, refuse. =détroit=, _n.m._, (geog.) strait; sound, narrows; firth; (British) channel. =détromper=, _v.a._, to undeceive. _se_ =détromper=, _v.r._, to be undeceived; to undeceive one’s self. =détrônement= (dé-trô-n-mān), _n.m._, dethronement. =détrôner=, _v.a._, to dethrone. =détrôneur=, _n.m._, dethroner. =détrousser=, _v.a._, to untuck, to let down; to rifle, to rob. _— les voyageurs_; to plunder travelers. ☉=détrousseur=, _n.m._, highwayman, robber. =détruire= (détruisant, détruit), _v.a._, to destroy, to ruin, to pull down, to exterminate, to subvert, to do away with, to put to death, to break up. _— une ville de fond en comble_; to raze a town to the ground. _— une armée_; to overthrow an army. _— la santé_; to ruin the health. _— radicalement_; to eradicate. _se_ =détruire=, _v.r._, to fall to ruin, to decay; to destroy each other, to neutralize one another; to destroy one’s self, to make away with one’s self. =dette=, _n.f._, debt, score; obligation, promise, pledge, duty. _— hypothécaire_; debt upon mortgage. _—s actives_; book-debts, assets. _—s passives_; debts, liabilities. _—s criardes_; petty debts. _Contracter_, _faire_, _des —s_; to contract debts, to run into debt. _Être accablé_, _perdu_, _criblé_, _de —s_; to be over head and ears in debt. *=deuil=, _n.m._, mourning, grief, sorrow, gloom, mournful aspect; black; mourners; time of mourning. _Habit de —_; mourning. _Grand —_; deep mourning. _Petit_ or _demi —_; half mourning. _Personne qui mène le —_; chief mourner. _Voiture de —_; mourning coach. _Suivre le —_; to be one of the mourners. _Porter le —_, _être en —_; to be in, to put on, mourning. _Prendre le —_; to go into mourning. _Faire prendre le — à_; to put into mourning. _Faire son — d’une chose_; to resign one’s self to the loss of anything. =deutéro-canonique=, _adj._, deuterocanonical. =deutéronome=, _n.m._, Deuteronomy. =deux=, _adj._, two, both, second. _— à —_; two by two. _— fois_; twice. _— fois autant_; twice as much, twice as many. _De — jours en — jours_; every two days. _De — jours l’un_; every other day. _Regarder quelqu’un entre — yeux_; to stare at any one. _Piquer des —_; to clap spurs to one’s horse. _Tous —_; both, both together. _Tous les —_; both. _Henri —_; Henry the second. _N’en faire ni un ni —_; to decide at once. _Maintenant à nous —_; now I am ready for you; now we’ll have it out together. =deux=, _n.m._, two; second; (cards, dice) deuce. _Le — du mois_; the second of the month. _On peut faire cela à —_; two can play at that game. =deuxième= (deu-zièm), _adj._, second, other. =deuxièmement= (-zièm-mān), _adv._, secondly. =deux-points=, _n.m._, (_—_) (gram.) colon. =dévalement=, _n.m._, sloping, slope; letting-down, lowering. ☉=dévaler=, _v.a._, to let down; to descend, to go _or_ come down. _— les degrés_; to go down the stairs. _— du vin à la cave_; to let wine down into the cellar. ☉=dévaler=, _v.n._, to descend, to slope, to go down, to come down (stream). =dévalisement=, _n.m._, rifling, robbing, stripping. =dévaliser=, _v.a._, to rifle, to strip, to rob, to plunder. =dévaliseu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, robber, plunderer. =devancer=, _v.a._, to precede, to go before; to get before, to outrun, to outwalk, to outstrip; to take the place of; to have the precedence; to be beforehand, to forestall, to get the start of; to anticipate; to go beyond, to surpass, to outdo. _— à cheval_; to outride. _Son génie a devancé son siècle_; his genius has outrun his century. _J’allais vous voir, mais vous m’avez devancé_; I was going to see you, but you are beforehand with me. _Avoir de l’argent — soi_; to have money at _or_ in hand. =devanci-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, predecessor. _pl._, ancestors, forefathers. =devant=, _prep._, before; in front of, over against, opposite to; (nav.) ahead of. _Regarder — soi_; to look before one; look ahead. _Otez-vous de — mon jour_; get out of my light. _Otez-vous de — moi_; stand out of my sight. _Ils passent par — chez nous_; they pass our door. _Il marchait — moi_; he walked before, in front of, me. _Quand il fut — ses juges_; when he was in the presence of his judges. _Par-— notaire_; in the presence of a notary (_i.e._, a legal form). _Tout — l’église_; just opposite the church. =devant=, _adv._, before; (nav.) ahead. _Passez —_; go before. _Le train de — d’une voiture_; the forewheels of a coach. _Les jambes de —_; the forelegs. _Sens — derrière_; hind part foremost. =devant=, _n.m._, front, the fore-part. _Il est logé sur le —_; he lodges in the front. _Un — de cheminée_; a chimney-board. _— d’autel_; frontal (panel in front of an altar). _Prendre le —_; to set out before; to get before. _Prendre les —s_; to forestall, to be first in the field. _Aller_, _venir_, _envoyer_, _au-— de quelqu’un_; to go, to come, to send, to meet any one; (fig.) to meet half-way; to provide for _or_ against; to meet, to encounter, to oppose, to obviate. _Aller au-— d’une chose_; to prevent anything. _Aller au-— des désirs de quelqu’un_; to anticipate anyone’s wishes. _Ci-—_; before, formerly, heretofore, late. _Les premiers vont —_; first come, first served. _Un ci-—_; an ex-noble. =devantier= (-tié), _n.m._, (fam., l.u.) apron. =devantière= (-ti-èr), _n.f._, riding petticoat. =devanture=, _n.f._, front (of buildings). _— de boutique_; shop-front. =dévastat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, destroyer, despoiler, desolater, ravager. =dévastat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, devastating, desolating, destructive. =dévastation=, _n.f._, devastation; ravage; havoc. =dévaster=, _v.a._, to devastate, to lay waste, to desolate, to make desolate, to spoil, to ravage. =déveine=, _n.f._, change of luck (from good to bad); reverses, run of ill-luck. _Quelle —!_ what ill-luck! =développable=, _adj._, susceptible of development. =développante= (dév-lo-pant), _n.f._, (geom.) evolvent; involute. =développée=, _n.f._, (geom.) evolute. =développement= (dév-lop-mān), _n.m._, unfolding, opening; development, growth, progress; elucidation; display; clearing up; (geom.) evolution. =développer= (dév-lo-pé), _v.a._, to open, to unwrap; to unfold; to develop, to expand; to display, to expound, to elucidate, to lay open, to explain; to clear up, to unravel; (arch.) to trace upon a plan. _— le plan d’un ouvrage_; to explain the plan of a work. _— un système_; to expound a system. _se_ =développer=, _v.r._, to expand; to unfold itself, to display itself, to be unfolded _or_ displayed; to be cleared up, to be unraveled; to extend itself, to spread out, to stretch out _or_ forth, to be stretched out. _Les bourgeons commencent à se —_; the buds are beginning to expand. _Cet enfant se développe_; that child is growing. _La raison se développe_; reason is asserting itself. =devenir= (dĕ-vnir), _v.n._, to become, to grow, to get, to turn; to become of, to come to. _— homme de bien_; to become a good man. _Ces fruits deviennent rouges en mûrissant_; those fruits turn red when ripening. _Cela commence à — fatigant_; that begins to grow tiresome. _— à rien_; to come to nothing. _Que deviendrai-je?_ what will become of me? _Qu’est devenu votre frère?_ what has become of your brother? _Je ne sais ce qu’il est devenu_; I don’t know what has become of him. _Que voulez-vous —?_ what profession do you intend to follow, what do you intend to be? _Je ne sais plus que —_; I don’t know which way to turn. _Faire — fou_; to drive one mad. =déventer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to take the wind out (of sails). =dévergondage=, _n.m._, open profligacy; shamelessness; barefaced impudence; dissoluteness. =dévergondé=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, rake; harlot; brazen-faced, lewd, shameless, impudent. =dévergonder=, _v.a._, to render shameless, licentious; to render dissolute. _se_ =dévergonder=, _v.r._, to become shamelessly dissolute and licentious; to lose all feeling of shame; to run riot. =déverguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to unbend the sails. =déverrouillement=, _n.m._, unbolting. *=déverrouiller=, _v.a._, to unbolt. =devers=, _prep._, ☉towards, about, near. _Par —_; in one’s possession; (jur.) before. _Il vient de — ces pays-là_; he comes from somewhere about those parts. _Il a les papiers par — lui_; he is possessed of the papers. _Par — la loi_; in the eyes of the law. =dévers=, =-e=, _adj._, (arts) bending, jutting out, leaning. _Ce mur est —_; that wall juts out. =dévers=, _n.m._, (tech.) inclination. =déversement=, _n.m._, inclination, bending, warping; pouring, flowing; discharge, overflow. =déverser=, _v.n._, to bend, to lean, to jut out, to warp; (com.) to throw upon the market. =déverser=, _v.a._, to bend, to incline; to throw, to cast; to divert (of water). _— une pièce de bois_; to bend a piece of wood. _— le mépris_; to throw contempt (upon any one). _se_ =déverser=, _v.r._, to incline, to lean, to bend, to warp; to fall into, to empty (of rivers, canals, etc.). =déversoir=, _n.m._, weir; dam (of a river). =dévêtement=, _n.m._, stripping. =dévêtir=, _v.a._, to undress, to strip of clothes; (jur.) to divest. _se_ =dévêtir=, _v.r._, to take off one’s clothes, to undress, to strip, to leave off part of one’s clothes; to give up, to divest oneself. _Se — d’un héritage_; to give up an inheritance. =dévêtissement= (-tis-mān), _n.m._, (jur.) giving up, divestiture. =déviation=, _n.f._, deviation, curvature. =dévidage=, _n.m._, winding, reeling off. =dévider=, _v.a._, to wind (into skeins). =dévideu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, winder, reeler. =dévidoir=, _n.m._, reel, skein-winder. =dévier=, _v.n._, to swerve; to deviate; to glance off. _se_ =dévier=, _v.r._, to deviate, to swerve. _— de son chemin_; to deviate from one’s road. =devin=, _n.m._, =-eresse=, _n.f._, diviner, augur, soothsayer. _Serpent —_; boa-constrictor. =deviner=, _v.a._, to divine, to foretell, to predict; to guess, to guess at. _Devinez ce que j’ai fait_; guess what I have done. _Cela se devine_; it is easily imaginable; you can see it at a glance. _— une énigme_; to guess an enigma. _En devinant_; at a guess. _se_ =deviner=, _v.r._, to understand each other. =devinette=, _n.f._, puzzle, poser, riddle. =devineu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, guesser. =dévirer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to heave back. ☉=devis=, _n.m._, talk, chat. =devis=, _n.m._, (com.) estimate, specification. _Donner un —_; to give in an estimate. =dévisager=, _v.a._, to disfigure, to scratch the face of; (pop.) to stare out of countenance, to look up and down. _se_ =dévisager=, _v.r._, to disfigure one another; to scratch each other’s faces; (pop.) to stare each other out of countenance, to look each other up and down. =devise=, _n.f._, device, emblem; motto, posy. _La — d’une bague_; the posy of a ring. =deviser=, _v.n._, (fam.) to chat, to talk. =dévissage=, =dévissement=, _n.m._, unscrewing. =dévisser=, _v.a._, to unscrew. _se_ =dévisser=, _v.r._, to become unscrewed. =dévoiement= (dé-voa-mān), _n.m._, looseness, relaxation; (arch.) inclination, slope. =dévoilement= (-voal-mān), _n.m._, unveiling, disclosing, unraveling. =dévoiler=, _v.a._, to unveil; to discover, to uncover; to unravel; to absolve from vows. _se_ =dévoiler=, _v.r._, to betray one’s self, to be unveiled, to be disclosed, to be revealed. =dévoîment=, _n.m._ _V._ =dévoiement=. =devoir=, _n.m._, duty; task, exercise. _pl._, lessons. _S’acquitter de son —_; to perform one’s duty. _Être à son —_; to be at one’s post. _Rentrer dans son —_; to return to one’s duty. _— pascal_; Easter communion. _—s seigneuriaux_; manorial fees. _Se faire un — de_; to make a point of. _Se mettre en — de faire une chose_; to set about doing a thing, to prepare to do. _J’irai vous rendre mes —s_; I shall go and pay my respects to you. _Les derniers —s_; funeral rites. =devoir=, _v.a._, to owe, to be in debt; to be bound to; to have to; must. _— une somme d’argent à quelqu’un_; to owe a sum of money to any one. _Il doit au tiers et au quart_; he owes money right and left. _Qui a terme ne doit rien_; no one need pay before a debt is due. _Fais ce que dois, advienne que pourra_; do your duty, come what may. _Dussé-je_; were I to, though I should. _Il doit partir dans peu de jours_; he is to set out in a few days. _Je dois parler sur ce sujet_; I am to speak on that subject. _Je lui dois tous mes maux_; I owe all my misfortunes to him. _Il ne devrait pas abandonner ses parents_; he ought not to forsake his parents. _Vous auriez dû vous conduire autrement_; you should have behaved otherwise. _Nous devons obéir aux lois_; we must obey the laws. _La campagne doit être belle maintenant_; the country must be beautiful now. _Il devait partir ce matin_; he was to have set out this morning. _Tous les hommes doivent mourir_; all men must die. _Il a dû_, or _avait dû_, _quitter Londres ce matin_; he must have, _or_ was to have, left London this morning. _se_ =devoir=, _v.r._, to owe one’s self; to owe it to one’s self. _Se — à sa patrie_, _à sa famille_; to owe one’s self to one’s country, to one’s family. _On se doit d’être honorable_; a man owes it to himself to be honorable. _Cela ne se doit pas_; that is not right; that must, _or_ should, not be done. =dévole=, _n.f._, having no trick (at cards). =dévoler=, _v.n._, to lose all the tricks. =dévolu=, =-e=, _adj._, devolved upon, vested in, fallen to, escheated. _Terre —e à la couronne_; an escheat. =dévolu=, _n.m._, (ecc.) devolution, lapse of right; claim, choice. _Un bénéfice tombé en —_; a benefice fallen into lapse of right. _Une dame jeta un — sur lui_; a lady cast a spell over him. _J’ai jeté mon — sur cela_; I have fixed my choice upon that. =dévolution=, _n.f._, (jur.) devolution; escheat. =dévonien=, =-ne=, _adj._, (geol.) devonian. =dévorant=, =-e=, _adj._, devouring; ravenous; consuming; wasting. _Estomac_, _appétit_, _—_; ravenous hunger, ravenous appetite. _Un mal —_; a wasting disease. _Soif —e_; burning thirst. _Climat —_; wasting climate. =dévorateur=, _n.m._, devourer, destroyer. =dévorer=, _v.a._, to devour, to eat up; to prey upon, to destroy, to suppress, to squander, to consume; to gaze at eagerly; to pore over; to swallow, to conquer, to master; to pocket. _La faim le dévore_; he is almost dying of hunger. _Il a dévoré tout son bien_; he has squandered away all his fortune. _Il est dévoré d’ambition_; he is consumed with ambition. _— sa douleur_; to stifle one’s sorrow. _— un affront_; to brook _or_ pocket an affront. _— les livres_; to pore over, to read, books greedily. _— quelqu’un des yeux_; to gaze at eagerly, to stare at, to gloat over. =dévoreu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, devourer, glutton. _— de livres_; book-worm. =dévot=, =-e=, _adj._, devout, godly, pious, holy; saintly. _Avoir l’air —_; to have a sanctified look. =dévot=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, devout person; (b.s.) devotee, saint, bigot. _Ne vous y fiez pas, c’est un faux —_; put no trust in him, he is a bigot. =dévotement= (dé-vot-mān), _adv._, devoutly, piously. =dévotieu-x=, =-se= (-ci-), _adj._, devout. =dévotion=, _n.f._, devotion, piety, religion; godliness; disposal, service, command; devoutness; devotedness. _Faire ses —s_; to perform one’s devotions; to receive the sacrament. _Tout ce qu’il a est à ma —_; all he has is at my disposal. _Il n’est de — que de jeune prêtre_; new brooms sweep clean. =dévouement= (dé-voo-mān), _n.m._, devotion, devotedness; self-sacrifice; attachment; zeal. =dévouer=, _v.a._, to devote; to dedicate; to consecrate; to consign. _Il lui est entièrement dévoué_; he is entirely devoted to him. _— quelqu’un au mépris_; to consign any one to contempt. _Votre bien_, _votre tout dévoué_; yours most truly _or_ sincerely. _se_ =dévouer=, _v.r._, to devote one’s self, to dedicate one’s self. _Se — à la patrie_; to sacrifice one’s self to one’s country. =dévoyé=, _n._ _adj._, misled; stray sheep; wanderer from the fold. =dévoyer=, _v.a._, to mislead, to lead astray; (arch.) to place obliquely; to cause a looseness (in the bowels). _se_ =dévoyer=, _v.r._, ☉to lose one’s way; (arch.) to be placed obliquely; (rel.) to go astray. =dextérité=, _n.f._, dexterity, adroitness, cleverness, skill. =dextre=, _adj._, right-handed; (her.) dexter. ☉=dextre=, _n.f._, the right hand. ☉=dextrement=, _adv._, dexterously. =dextrine=, _n.f._, (chem.) dextrine. =dey=, _n.m._, dey. =dia!= _int._, hoi (to make horses turn to the left). _Il n’entend ni à — ni à hurhau_; there is no making him hear reason. _L’un tire à — et l’autre à hurhau_; they pull different ways. =diabase=, _n.m._, (min.) green-stone. =diabète=, _n.m._, (med.) diabetes. =diabétique=, _adj._, diabetic. =diable= (diâbl), _n.m._, devil; hell; wayward child; deuce; truck, drag. _Un ragoût à la —_; a wretchedly bad dish. _Les —s sont déchaînés_; hell has broken loose. _Va au —_; go to the devil. _Un bon —_; a good-natured fellow. _Un méchant —_; a mischievous dog. _Un pauvre —_; a poor wretch. _Le — s’en mêle_; the devil is in it. _Le — t’emporte_; the devil take you. _Quel — d’homme est-ce là?_ what devil of a fellow is this? _C’est là le —_; there’s the rub. _C’est une — d’affaire_; it is a confounded business. _Cela ne vaut pas le —_; that is not worth a straw, a rap. _Il a le — au corps_; the devil is in him. _Brûler une chandelle au —_; to hold a candle to the devil. _Faire le — contre quelqu’un_; to play the devil with any one. _Faire le — à quatre_; to play the devil; to play all sorts of tricks. _Tirer le — par la queue_; to be hard up. _Il n’est pas si — qu’il est noir_; the devil is not so black as he is painted. _Au —!_ the devil take it. _Allé au —_; gone to the devil. _Au — vert_; a devil of a way. _C’est le — à confesser_; it is terribly hard to do. _Loger le — dans sa bourse_; to be penniless. _La beauté du —_; youth and freshness. _Le — bat sa femme et marie sa fille_; it rains and shines at the same time. _— de mer_; sea-cormorant, sea-devil. =diable!= _int._, the devil, the deuce, confound it! hang it! _Comment —!_ how the devil! _Que — avez-vous?_ what the devil is the matter with you? _À quoi — s’amuse-t-il?_ what the deuce is he about? _De quoi — se mêle-t-il?_ why the deuce does he meddle? =diablement=, _adv._, devilishly, devilish. =diablerie=, _n.f._, witchcraft; jugglery; devilry (of children); piece of devilry. _Il y a quelque — là-dessous_; there is some jugglery in all that. =diablesse=, _n.f._, shrew, vixen; she-devil. _Une bonne —_; a good-natured creature. _Une pauvre —_; a poor wretch. =diablotin=, _n.m._, imp, little devil; troublesome imp; chocolate lozenge; (nav.) mizzen-top, stay-sail. =diabolique=, _adj._, diabolical, devilish. =diaboliquement= (-lik-mān), _adv._, diabolically, devilishly. =diachylon=, _or_ =diachylum=, _n.m._, diachylon, diachylum. =diaco=, _n.m._, deacon _or_ chaplain in the order of Malta. =diacode=, _n.m._, diacodium. =diacommatique=, _n.f._, (mus.) the raising of a note to lead to a transition. =diaconal=, =-e=, _adj._, diaconal. =diaconat=, _n.m._, diaconate, deaconry, deacon’s orders. =diaconesse=, _n.f._, deaconess. =diaconie=, _n.f._, deaconry, almonry. =diacoustique=, _n.f._, diacoustics. =diacre=, _n.m._, deacon. =diadelphie=, _n.f._, (bot.) diadelphia. =diadelphique=, _adj._, (bot.) diadelphian. =diadème=, _n.m._, diadem, crown. =diaggot=, _n.m._, birch-oil. =diagnostic=, _n.m._, (med.) diagnostic. =diagnostique=, _adj._, (med.) diagnostics. =diagnostiquer=, _v.a._, to diagnose. =diagonal=, =-e=, _adj._, diagonal. =diagonale=, _n.f._, (geom.) diagonal. =diagonalement= (-nal-mān), _adv._, diagonally. =diagramme=, _n.m._, (geom.) diagram. =diagraphe=, _n.m._, diagraph. =dialecte=, _n.m._, dialect. =dialecticien= (-in), _n.m._, dialectician. =dialectique=, _n.f._, dialectics, logic. =dialectique=, _adj._, dialectic, dialectical. =dialectiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, dialectically. =dialogique=, _adj._, dialogistic, dialogistical. =dialogisme=, _n.m._, dialogism. =dialogiste=, _n.m._, writer of dialogues, dialogist. =dialogue= (-log), _n.m._, dialogue. =dialoguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to make several persons speak in character; (mus.) to make two or more voices, or two or more instruments, reply to each other; to put in the form of a dialogue. =dialoguer= (-ghé), _v.n._, to compose dialogues; to speak, to talk; to converse familiarly with, to chat with, to carry on a dialogue. =dialogueur=, _n.m._, dialogue-writer, dialogist. =diamant=, _n.m._, diamond; (nav.) crown, throat (of anchors); (horl.) jewel. _— taillé_; cut diamond. _— brut_; rough diamond. _— de nature_; diamond unfit for the wheel. _—s de la couronne_; crown jewels. _— de première eau_; diamond of the first water. _Monter un —_; to set a diamond. _— de vitrier_; glazier’s diamond. =diamantaire=, _adj._, of diamond brilliancy. =diamantaire=, _n.m._, diamond-cutter. =diamanter=, _v.a._, to set with diamonds; to render sparkling; to tinsel, to frost. =diamantifère=, _adj._, diamondiferous. =diamétral=, =-e=, _adj._, diametrical. =diamétralement= (-tral-mān), _adv._, diametrically. _Sentiments — opposés_; sentiments diametrically opposed to each other. =diamètre=, _n.m._, diameter. _Demi-diamètre_; semi-diameter. =diandrie=, _n.f._, (bot.) diandria. =diandrique=, _adj._, (bot.) having two stamens. =diane=, _n.f._, (nav.) morning-gun; (milit.) reveille, the beat of drum at day-break. =diantre=, _n.m._, the deuce. _Au — soit l’imbécile!_ the deuce take the fool! =diantre=, _int._, the deuce! the dickens! =diantrement=, _adv._, deucedly; confoundedly. =diapalme=, _n.m._, (pharm.) a kind of ointment. =diapason=, _n.m._, (mus.) pitch, diapason; tuning-fork. =diapédèse=, _n.m._, (med.) diapedesis. =diaphane=, _adj._, diaphanous, transparent, translucent. =diaphanéité=, _n.f._, diaphaneity, transparency. =diaphorèse=, _n.f._, (med.) diaphoresis. =diaphorétique=, _adj._, (med.) diaphoretic. =diaphragmatique=, _adj._, (anat.) diaphragmatic. =diaphragme=, _n.m._, diaphragm, midriff; partition with an opening through it; body (of a building). =diaphragmite=, _n.f._, (med.) diaphragmatitis. =diaphtore=, _n.f._, (med.) corruption of the aliments in the stomach; corruption of the fœtus in the womb. =diapré=, =-e=, _adj._, diapered, variegated, diversified. _Un nez —_; a nose covered with red pimples. =diapré=, _n.m._, diaper-work. =diaprer=, _v.a._, to variegate, to diaper. _se_ =diaprer=, _v.r._, to become diapered, to become variegated. =diaprun=, _n.m._, (pharm.) lenitive electuary, confection of senna. =diaprure=, _n.f._, variegation. =diarrhée=, _n.f._, (med.) diarrhœa. =diarthrose=, _n.f._, (anat.) diarthrosis. =diascordium= (-om), _n.m._, (pharm.) diascordium. =diastase=, _n.f._, (surg.) diastasis. =diastole=, _n.f._, (physiology) diastole. =diastrophie=, _n.f._, (surg.) the displacing of the muscles, with or without luxation. =diastyle=, _n.m._, (arch.) diastyle. =diatessaron=, _n.m._, (mus.) diatessaron. =diathèse=, _n.f._, (med.) diathesis. =diatonique=, _adj._, (mus.) diatonic. =diatoniquement=, _adv._, in a diatonic scale, diatonically. =diatragacanthe=, _n.m._, (pharm.) tragacanth powder. =diatribe=, _n.f._, sharp criticism, dissertation, castigation, diatribe. =dicacité=, _n.f._, waggery, causticity. =dichorée= (-ko-), _n.m._, (Latin, Grec. poet.) dichoreus, dichoree. =dichotome= (-ko-), _adj._, (bot.) dichotomous. =dichotomie= (-ko-), _n.f._, (astron.) dichotomy. =dicotylédone=, _n.f._, (bot.) dicotyledon. =dicotylédone=, _adj._, (bot.) dicotyledonous. =dictame=, _n.m._, (bot.) dittany; (fig.) balm, remedy. _— blanc_; fraxinella, bastard dittany. _— faux_; bastard dittany. _Origan —_, _— de Crète_; dittany of Crete; Cretan marum. =dictamen= (-mèn), _n.m._, dictate, suggestion, consciousness. =dictateur=, _n.m._, dictator. =dictatorial=, =-e=, _adj._, dictatorial. =dictature=, _n.f._, dictatorship. =dictée=, _n.f._, act of dictating, dictation. _Ecrire sous la —_; to write from dictation. =dicter=, _v.a._, to dictate, to indite; to prompt; to suggest; to prescribe. =diction=, _n.f._, diction, elocution, phraseology style; delivery. =dictionnaire=, _n.m._, dictionary. _— vivant_; walking dictionary. _À coups de —_; by constant reference to the dictionary; labored. _— de prononciation_; pronouncing dictionary. _— de mots obscurs_; glossary. _— de géographie_; geographical dictionary, gazetteer. _— de marine_; dictionary of naval terms. =dicton=, _n.m._, saying, common saying, byword, saw, proverb; (l.u.) sarcasm. =dictum= (-tom), _n.m._, (jur.) purview of an act _or_ decree. =didactique=, _adj._, didactic. =didactique=, _n.m._, didactic order; didactic language. =didactique=, _n.f._, didactic art. =didactiquement=, _adv._, didactically. =didactyle=, _adj._, didactylous. =dideau=, _n.m._, crossing-net. =didelphe=, _n.m._, _adj._, (zoöl.) didelphys; didelphic. =didyme=, _adj._, (bot.) didymous. =didynamie=, _n.f._, (bot.) didynamia. =dièdre=, _adj._, (geom.) dihedral. =diel=, _n.m._, a kind of French fuller’s earth. =diérèse=, _n.f._, (gram.) diæresis. =dièse=, _n.m._, (mus.) diesis, sharp. =diésé=, =-e=, _adj._, (mus.) marked with a diesis, sharp. =diéser=, _v.a._, (mus.) to mark a note to be played sharp; to play a note sharp. =diète=, _n.f._, diet, regimen; diet (an assembly of the states of Germany). _Faire —_; to diet one’s self, to live moderately. =diététique=, _adj._, (med.) dietetical. =diététique=, _n.f._, (med.) dietetics. =diététiste=, _n.m._, (med.) dietetist. =diétine=, _n.f._, local diet; cantonal convention, dietine. =dieu=, _n.m._, God. _— tout-puissant_; Almighty God. _Le — des armées_; the Lord of Hosts. _Le bon —_; God Almighty; the host. _Croire en —_; to believe in God. _Porter le bon — à un malade_; to carry the host to a sick person. _La Fête-Dieu_; Corpus Christi-day. _Un homme de —_; a godly man. _Un Hôtel-Dieu_; (_—s-—_) a hospital. _— vous bénisse_; God bless you. _S’il plaît à —_, _avec l’aide de —_, _— aidant_; God willing, God helping. _— le veuille_, _plût à —_; God grant it, would to God. _— m’en garde_, _— m’en préserve_, _à — ne plaise_; God forbid. _— merci_, _grâces à —_; thank God. _Bon —!_ _mon —!_ good God! good heavens! dear me! goodness me! _Jurer ses grands dieux_; to swear by all that is sacred. _Au nom de —_; in God’s name. _Pour l’amour de —_; for God’s sake, out of charity, for charity’s sake. _Les dieux du paganisme_; the heathen gods. _—!_ _grand —!_ good God! =dieudonné=, _n.m._, heaven-sent, heaven-born. _À la grâce de —_; In God’s name! As the Lord directs. =diffamant=, =-e=, _adj._, defamatory, libelous, slanderous. =diffamat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, defamer, detractor, slanderer, libeler, calumniator. =diffamation=, _n.f._, defamation, aspersion, calumny, slandering, libeling, traducing. _— verbale_; (jur.) slander. =diffamatoire=, _adj._, defamatory, libelous, slanderous. =diffamer=, _v.a._, to defame, to slander, to traduce. =différemment= (di-fé-ra-mān), _adv._, differently. =différence=, _n.f._, odds; difference, disagreement; diversity, disproportion, contrast, disparity. _— marquée_; material difference. _— notable_; wide difference. _— du tirant d’eau_; (nav.) difference in the draught of water. _— en moins_; difference against. _— en plus_; difference in favor of. _Avec cette — que_; except that. _A la — de_; contrary to. =différencier=, _v.a._, to make a difference, to distinguish; (math.) to differentiate. =différend=, _n.m._, difference, quarrel, dispute; difference (of value). _Avoir un — avec quelqu’un_; to be at variance with any one. _Partager le —_; to split the difference. =différent=, =-e=, _adj._, different, dissimilar, unlike, various, divers, distinct, sundry, opposite, contrary. _— l’un de l’autre_; unlike. _À des degrés —s_; in different degrees. =différentiel=, =-le=, _adj._, (math.) differential. _Calcul —_; differential calculus. =différentielle=, _n.f._, (math.) differential. =différentier=, _v.a._, (math.) to differentiate. =différer=, _v.a._, to defer, to delay, to put off, to postpone, to adjourn. _Ce qui est différé n’est pas perdu_; what is put off is not lost. =différer=, _v.n._, to defer, to put off, to delay. _se_ =différer=, _v.r._, to be put off, delayed. =différer=, _v.n._, to differ, to be unlike, to be different; to disagree. =difficile=, _adj._, difficult, hard, trying; nice; particular; willful, skittish (of horses). _Un homme —_; a man hard to please. _Temps —s_; hard times. _De — accès_; hard to get at. _Il est — sur les aliments_; he is fastidious as regards his meals. _Faire le —_; to be difficult to please, to be squeamish. =difficilement= (-sil-mān), _adv._, with difficulty, with much ado, with great pains, not easily. =difficulté=, _n.f._, difficulty; objection; obstacle, hindrance, impediment; cross, rub; misunderstanding, quarrel. _Cela ne souffre point de —_; that admits of no difficulty. _— de respirer_; shortness of breath. _Faire des —s_; to raise objections. _Faire — de quelque chose_; to scruple about anything. _Trancher la —_; to decide peremptorily. _Avoir des —s_; to have crosses. _Il y a entre eux quelque —_; there is some tiff between them. _Sans —_; undoubtedly, without doubt. =difficultueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, squeamish, fidgety, never satisfied; hard to please. =diffluence=, _n.f._, diffluence. =diffluent=, =-e=, _adj._, diffluent. =diffluer=, _v.n._, to spread diffusely. =difforme=, _adj._, deformed, ill-favored, misshapen, ugly. =difformer=, _v.a._, to deform, to deface (coins). =difformité=, _n.f._, deformity, ugliness. =diffraction=, _n.f._, (opt.) diffraction. =diffus=, =-e=, _adj._, diffuse, prolix, wordy, verbose, long-winded. =diffusément=, _adv._, diffusely, verbosely, wordily. =diffusion=, _n.f._, diffusion; diffusiveness; prolixity, vagueness, wordiness, verbosity. _— de style_; prolixity of style. =digastrique=, _adj._, (anat.) digastric. =digérer=, _v.a._, to digest; to examine, to discuss, to scan, to set in order; to bear, to brook, to stomach, to put up with, to suffer. _— de la viande_; to digest meat. _Non digéré_; undigested. _Bien —_; to thoroughly master. _Il ne peut — cet affront_; he cannot brook _or_ swallow that affront. =digérer=, _v.n._, (chem.) to digest. =digeste=, _n.m._, digest. =digesteur=, _n.m._, (chem.) digester. =digesti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, digestive. =digestif=, _n.m._, (med.) digestive. =digestion= (-tion), _n.f._, digestion. _Cela aide à la —_; that aids digestion. _Cette entreprise est de dure —_; this is a laborious enterprise. =digital=, =-e=, _adj._, digital. =digitale=, _n.f._, (bot.) foxglove, digitalis. =digitaline=, _n.f._, (chem.) digitaline. =digité=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) digitated, finger-like, fingered. =digitigrade=, _n.m._, (mam.) digitigrade. =diglyphe=, _n.m._, (arch.) diglyph. *=digne=, _adj._, deserving, worthy; dignified. _Un — homme_; a worthy man. _Un — magistrat_; an upright magistrate. _— de foi_; deserving of credit. _Cela est — de lui_; that’s just like him. _Il était — d’un meilleur sort_; he deserved a better fate. *=dignement=, _adv._, worthily, deservedly, justly, according to one’s deserts; handsomely, properly, suitably, with dignity. _Il s’acquitte — de sa charge_; he performs the duties of his office in a worthy manner. =dignifier=, _v.a._, to dignify, to elevate, to enhance. *=dignitaire=, _n.m._, dignitary. *=dignité=, _n.f._, dignity; stateliness, power. _Il soutient la — de son rang_; he maintains the dignity of his station. _Être constitué en —_; to be raised to power. _Parvenir aux —s_; to attain to honors. _Faire de la —_; to assume an air of (offended) dignity. =digon=, _n.m._, pole, flag-yard; gaff. =digresser=, _v.n._, to depart from the main subject, to digress. =digressi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, digressive. =digression=, _n.f._, digression. _Faire des —s_; to wander away from one’s subject. =digressivement=, _adv._, digressively. =digue= (dig), _n.f._, dike, dam, mound, embankment, bank; bound, obstacle; bulwark, security. =diguement= (dig-mān), _n.m._, embankment, causeway (ports). =diguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to dam, to dike, to embark; to spur. =digyne=, _adj._, (bot.) digynous (having two pistils). =digynie=, _n.f._, (bot.) digynia. =dilacération=, _n.f._, tearing _or_ rending, dilaceration, laceration. =dilacérer=, _v.a._, to dilacerate, to lacerate, to tear off _or_ to pieces. ☉=dilaniat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, dilaniating, lacerating, rending. =dilapidat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, dilapidator, squanderer. =dilapidat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, wasteful, extravagant. =dilapidation=, _n.f._, dilapidation, waste, embezzlement. =dilapider=, _v.a._, to dilapidate, to waste, to squander; to embezzle. =dilatabilité=, _n.f._, (phys.) dilatability. =dilatable=, _adj._, (phys.) dilatable, expansible. =dilatant=, _n.m._, (surg.) dilating body, agent, instrument. =dilatateur=, _n.m._, (surg.) dilator. _adj._, dilating. =dilatation=, _n.f._, dilatation, expansion, distension; (surg.) enlargement, stretching. _La — d’une plaie_; the dilatation of a sore. =dilatatoire=, _n.m._ _V._ =dilatateur=. =dilater=, _v.a._, to dilate, to enlarge, to widen; to distend, to expand. _La joie dilate le cœur_; joy gladdens the heart. _se_ =dilater=, _v.r._, to dilate, to be dilated; to be distended. =dilatoire=, _adj._, dilatory. =dilection=, _n.f._, love, charity (episcopal). =dilemme= (di-lem), _n.m._, dilemma. =dilettante= (di-let-tan-t), _n.m.f._, (_dilettanti_) dilettante. =dilettantisme= (-lèt-tan-), _n.m._, dilettantism. =diligemment= (-ja-mān), _adv._, diligently, speedily, promptly, expeditiously. =diligence=, _n.f._, diligence, speed, despatch; stage-coach, summary of a lecture; (jur.) suit, proceedings; vigilance, care. _Bureau des —s_; coach-office. _Aller en —_; to go with speed; to go by coach. _User de —_; to use despatch. _À la — d’un tel_; (jur.) at the suit of such a one. _Voyager par la — d’Adam_; to go on shanks’ mare. =diligent=, =-e=, _adj._, diligent, quick; sedulous, assiduous, mindful, active, watchful. =diligenter=, _v.a._, to hasten, to forward, to urge on, to be quick. _se_ =diligenter=, _v.r._, to make haste, to use diligence, to be quick. =diligenter=, _v.n._, to hasten, to be quick. =dilogie=, _n.f._, duo-drama (_i.e._, in two parts). =diluer=, _v.a._, to dilute. =dilution=, _n.f._, dilution. =diluvien=, =-ne= (-in, -ène), _adj._, diluvian. =diluvium= (-viome), _n.m._, (geol.) diluvium. =dîmable=, _adj._, tithable. =dimanche=, _n.m._, Sunday, Sabbath, the Lord’s-day. _Le — de Pâques_; Easter Sunday. _Le — des Rameaux_; Palm-Sunday. _Le — gras_; Shrove Sunday. _Tel qui rit vendredi — pleurera_; laugh to-day and cry to-morrow, _i.e._, laughter is akin to tears. (_Racine._) =dîme=, _n.f._, tithe. =dîmée=, _n.f._, tithing. =dimension=, _n.f._, dimension. =dîmer=, _v.a._, to tithe, to levy tithes. _— dans un champ_; to tithe a field. _— au pressoir_; to tithe wine in the press. =dîmer=, _v.n._, to have a right to tithe. =dîmeur=, _n.m._, tithe-gatherer. =diminuer=, _v.a._, to diminish, to lessen, to shorten, to reduce, to retrench, to curtail, to impair, to abate, to slacken. =diminuer=, _v.n._, to diminish, to lessen, to decrease, to abate, to fall, to go down (in price). =diminuti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, diminutive. =diminutif=, _n.m._, diminutive. =diminution=, _n.f._, diminution; abridgment, curtailing, reduction, abatement; diminishing, lessening. _— de dépenses_; curtailment of expenses; tapering (of columns). =dimissoire=, _n.m._, (ecc.) dimissory letter. =dimissorial=, =-e=, _adj._, (ecc.) dimissory. =dinanderie= (di-nan-drî), _n.f._, brass wares. =dinandier=, _n.m._, brazier. =dinatoire=, _adj._, relating to dinner. _Déjeuner —_; lunch-dinner. =dinde=, _n.f._, turkey-hen. =dindon=, _n.m._, turkey-cock; (person) goose. _C’est un franc —_; he is a thorough goose. =dindonneau=, _n.m._, young turkey; poult. =dindonni-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, turkey-keeper. =dîné=, _or_ =dîner=, _n.m._, dinner, dinner-party. _L’heure du —_; dinner-time. ☉=dînée=, _n.f._, dinner (at an inn) or on the road. =dîner=, _v.n._, to dine, to be at dinner. _Prier quelqu’un de —_; to ask anyone to stay to dinner. _Prier à —_; to invite to dine. _— par cœur_; to go dinnerless. _— de_; to dine off. _Son assiette dîne pour lui_; though he dines out, still he pays. =dînette=, _n.f._, treat, feast, doll’s dinner. _Faire la —_; to play at dinners. =dîneur=, _n.m._, diner; eater. =dinosaurien=, _n.m._, (foss.) dinosaurian. =dinothérium= (-té-ri-ome), _n.m._, (_—s_) (foss.) dinotherium. =diocésain=, =-e=, _adj._, diocesan. =diocésain=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, inhabitant of a diocese. =diocèse=, _n.m._, diocese. =diœcie= (di-é-sî), _n.f._, (bot.) diœcia. =dioïque=, _adj._, (bot.) diœcian. =dionée=, _n.f._, (bot.) dionæa, catch-fly plant. =dionysiaque=, _adj._, (antiq.) concerning Bacchus, of Bacchus. =dionysiaques= _or_ =dionysies=, _n.f.pl._, (antiq.) Dionysia. =dioptrique=, _n.f._, (opt.) dioptrics. =dioptrique=, _adj._, dioptrical. =diorama=, _n.m._, diorama. =diorite=, _n.m._, (geol.) green-stone. =diphtongue= (-tong), _n.f._, diphthong. =diploé=, _n.m._, (anat.) diploe. =diplomate=, _n.m._, diplomatist. =diplomate=, _adj._, diplomatic. =diplomatie=, _n.f._, diplomacy. =diplomatique=, _n.f._, diplomatics. =diplomatique=, _adj._, diplomatic. =diplomatiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, diplomatically. =diplomatiste=, _n.m._, diplomatist. =diplôme=, _n.m._, diploma. =diplopie=, _n.f._, double vision, diplopia. =dipode=, _adj._, having two feet or two fins. =diptère=, _adj._, (arch., ent.) dipteral. =diptère=, _n.m._, dipteral insect. _pl._, diptera. =diptyque=, _n.m._, (antiq.) diptych. =dire= (disant, dit), _v.a._, to tell, to say, to speak, to state, to write, to relate; to think; to believe; to express; to name, to decree. _— d’avance_; to say beforehand. _— entre les dents_; to mutter between one’s teeth. _Dites votre avis_; give your opinion. _Dis-je_; said I. _On dit_; it is said. _On le dit parti_; he is said to have left. _— du bien ou du mal de quelqu’un_; to speak well or ill of anyone. _— des injures à quelqu’un_; to call any one names. _— des duretés_; to say harsh things. _— quelque chose à l’oreille_; to whisper anything. _Si le cœur vous en dit_; if you feel so minded. _Le cœur vous en dit-il?_ are you agreeable _or_ game? _Pour tout —_; in a word. _Pour mieux —_; or rather. _Soit dit entre nous_; between ourselves. _Cela va sans —_; that is understood, that goes without saying, of course, that is a matter of course. _C’est-à-dire_; that is to say. _Pour ainsi —_; so to speak. _Ce n’est pas à — que_; it does not follow that. _Est-ce à — que?_ does it follow that? _Que veut — cela?_ _qu’est-ce que cela veut —?_ what is the meaning of that? _— la messe_; to say mass. _Je ne sais que — de tout cela_; I do not know what to think of all that. _Faire — à quelqu’un_; to make any one say; to send word to anyone. _Tout est dit_; all is over; there’s an end of it. _Cela ne dit rien_; that is nothing to the point. _Cela soit dit en passant_; but that by the way. _C’est tout —_; I needn’t say more! _Cela vous plaît à —_; you are pleased to say so. _Quand je vous le disais_; or _je vous le disais bien_; or _je vous l’avais bien dit_; didn’t I tell you so! or, what did I tell you. _Trouver à —_; to find amiss, to find fault. _se_ =dire=, _v.r._, to call oneself, to style oneself, to give oneself out as; to be called; to be said. =dire=, _n.m._, what one says, saying, words, statement; (jur.) allegation. _Le — du défendeur_; the statement of the defendant. _Au — de tout le monde_; according to what everybody says; by all accounts. _Le bien-dire_; elegance of speech. _Se fier pour quelque chose au — des autres_ or _d’autrui_; to take anything upon trust. =direct= (di-rèkt), =-e=, _adj._, direct, straight, immediate; direct, assessed (of taxes). _En ligne —e_; in a straight line. _—_; (rail.) express, through. _Par train —_; by express, through train. =directe=, _n.f._, (feudal jur.) lordship. =directement=, _adv._, directly, straightforwardly; point-blank, home. _Aller — à son but_; to go straight to one’s goal. _— contraire_; quite contrary. _— en face_; just opposite. =direct-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, director, manager, superintendent, overseer, conductor; directress, conductress; warden, master, principal. _— de la monnaie_; master of the mint. _— général des postes_; postmaster general. =direction=, _n.f._, direction, management, directorship; director’s house or office; (math.) bearing; (mining) stretch; bearing. _Avoir la —_; to preside. _— de créanciers_; meeting of creditors. _Biens en —_; goods placed under the control of assignees. =directoire=, _n.m._, directory, rubric; guide; the supreme executive council of France in 1795. =directorat=, _n.m._, directorship, directorate. =directorial=, =-e=, _adj._, directorial. =dirigeant=, =-e= (-jān, -t), _adj._, directing, leading, acting. =diriger=, _v.a._, to direct; to guide, to conduct, to manage; to steer, to govern; (of troops) to forward, send off, despatch. _— des poursuites contre_; to take proceedings against. _se_ =diriger=, _v.r._, to direct one’s steps, to go towards; to make for; to take pattern from; to direct, to govern, one’s self; (nav.) to stand in. =dirimant=, =-e=, _adj._, (canon law) invalidating. _Empêchement —_; an impediment that invalidates a marriage. =dirimer=, _v.a._, to invalidate, to annul. =discale=, _n.f._, (com.) tret, tare, shrinkage. =discaler=, _v.n._, (com.) to tare, to diminish. =discernement=, _n.m._, distinction; discernment, judgment, discrimination. _Age de —_; years of discretion. =discerner=, _v.a._, to discern, to distinguish, to know, to discriminate. _— le vrai du faux_; to distinguish truth from untruth. =disciple=, _n.m._, disciple, pupil, scholar, follower. =disciplinable=, _adj._, disciplinable, governable, tractable. =discipline=, _n.f._, discipline, education, training; castigation, scourge. _Donner la —_; to chastise. =discipliner=, _v.a._, to discipline; to chastise, to scourge. _se_ =discipliner=, _v.r._, to be formed to discipline; to scourge one’s self. =discobole=, _n.m._, (antiq.) discobolus. =discoïde=, _adj._, (conch.) discoidal, discoid. =discontinu=, =-e=, _adj._, discontinuous. =discontinuation=, _n.f._, discontinuance, discontinuation. =discontinuer=, _v.a._, to discontinue, to interrupt, to leave off, to suspend, to give over. =discontinuer=, _v.n._, to discontinue, to cease, to leave off. =discontinuité=, _n.f._, discontinuity, discontinuance, discontinuation. =disconvenable=, _adj._, unsuitable, improper. =disconvenablement=, _adv._, improperly, unsuitably. =disconvenance=, _n.f._, incongruity, discrepancy, disagreement, unsuitableness; dissimilarity, dissimilitude; disproportion, difference, inequality. =disconvenir=, _v.n._, to deny, to disown; not to suit, to disagree with. _Il ne disconvient pas du fait_; he does not deny the fact. =discord=, _n.m._, discord, dissension. =discord=, _adj.m._, (mus.) out of tune, jarring, discordant. =discordance=, _n.f._, discordancy, disagreement, discrepancy; (mus.) inconsonancy; dissonance. =discordant=, =-e=, _adj._, discordant, jarring, dissonant, harsh, out of tune; untunable, tuneless, unmusical; disagreeing, inharmonious, incongruous. =discorde=, _n.f._, discord, disagreement, variance, disunion, dissension, strife. _Pomme de —_; bone of contention. =discorder=, _v.n._, (mus.) to be out of tune, to be discordant, inconsonant; to jar. =discoureu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, talker; babbler, chatterer, twaddler. _Quel ennuyeux —!_ what a chattering bore! =discourir=, _v.n._, to discourse, to descant on, to reason about. =discours=, _n.m._, discourse; speech, oration, address; subject. _Les parties du —_; the parts of speech. _— oratoire_; set speech. _— en l’air_; idle talk. _C’est un bon —_; it is a good speech. _Faire un —_; to make a speech, to deliver an address, an oration. _Tenir des —_; to say things. =discourtois=, =-e=, _adj._, discourteous, unmannerly; uncivil. =discourtoisement=, _adv._, discourteously. =discourtoisie=, _n.f._, discourtesy, unmannerliness, incivility. =discrédit=, _n.m._, discredit, disrepute, disgrace. =discréditer=, _v.a._, to discredit; to bring into discredit, into disrepute; to bring discredit on. =discr-et=, =-ète=, _adj._, discreet, considerate, cautious, prudent; wary, circumspect; reserved, secret, close; shy. =discrètement=, _adv._, discreetly, cautiously, circumspectly, warily, prudently, reservedly. =discrétion=, _n.f._, circumspection, prudence; discretion, reserve, wariness; reservedness, discreetness. _L’âge de —_; years of discretion. _Agir_, _parler avec —_; to act _or_ speak warily. _Vivre à —_; (milit.) to have free quarters. _Se rendre à —_; to surrender at discretion. _Avoir du pain à —_; to have bread ad libitum. =discrétionnaire=, _adj._, discretionary. =discrétoire=, _n.m._, council-room; council. =disculpation=, _n.f._, exculpation. =disculper=, _v.a._, to exculpate, to vindicate, to clear, to exonerate. =discursi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, discursive. ☉=discussi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) discutient. =discussion=, _n.f._, discussion, debate; altercation, strife, wrangling, dispute; (jur.) seizure and sale (of the property of a debtor). _— de biens_; (jur.) distraint, execution. _Sans division ni —_; jointly and severally. =discutable=, _adj._, debatable, disputable, contestable. =discuter=, _v.a._, to discuss, to debate, to argue; to examine, to canvass, to inquire into; to scan, to sift, to search into. _— un point de droit_; to discuss an article of law. _— les biens d’un débiteur_; to distrain the goods of a debtor. =disert=, =-e=, _adj._, copious, fluent, eloquent. =disertement=, _adv._, copiously, profusely, fluently, fully. =disette=, _n.f._, scarcity, dearth, want; poverty, penury. ☉=disetteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, needy, necessitous. =diseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, teller, speaker, talker. _— de bonne aventure_; fortune-teller. _— de bons mots_; jester. _— de nouvelles_; newsmonger. _— de riens_; idle talker. _Un beau —_; a fine talker. =disgrâce=, _n.f._, disgrace, disfavor; misfortune, affliction; reverse, downfall. =disgracié=, =-e=, _part._, out of favor. _— de la nature_; deformed, disfigured, ill-favored. =disgracier=, _v.a._, to disgrace, to put out of favor. =disgracieusement=, _adv._, awkwardly, ungracefully, unhandsomely. =disgracieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, ungraceful, uncomely, uncouth, ungracious; disagreeable; unpleasant, awkward. =disgrégation=, _n.f._, (opt.) disgregation; separation, _V._ =désagrégation=. =disjoindre=, _v.a._, to disjoin, to disunite. _se_ =disjoindre=, _v.r._, to come apart _or_ asunder. =disjoncti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) disjunctive. =disjonction=, _n.f._, disjunction, separation; (jur.) severance. =disjonctive=, _n.f._, (gram.) disjunctive. =dislocation=, _n.f._, dislocation, dismemberment, luxation. _Il y a —_; the bone is out of joint. _La — d’une armée_; the breaking up of an army. =disloquer=, _v.a._, to dislocate, to dismember, to disjoint, to put out of joint; to take to pieces (machine); (milit.) to break up (an army). =dispache=, _n.f._, (insur.) assessment. =dispacheur=, _n.m._, nautical assessor. =disparaître=, _v.n._, to vanish; to vanish out of sight; to get out of the way; to elope; to abscond; to disappear. =disparate=, _n.f._, incongruity, dissimilarity. =disparate=, _adj._, incongruous, dissimilar, disparate; unlike, ill-matched. =disparité=, _n.f._, disparity, dissimilarity. =disparition=, _n.f._, disappearance. =dispendieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, expensive; costly. =dispensaire=, _n.m._, (med.) pharmacopœia; dispensary. =dispensat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, dispenser. =dispensation=, _n.f._, dispensation, distribution. =dispense=, _n.f._, dispensation, exemption, permission, license. =dispenser=, _v.a._, to exempt; to dispense with; to dispense, to bestow. _Dispensez-moi de faire cela_; excuse me from doing that. _Le soleil dispense à tous sa lumière_; the sun bestows _or_ sheds his light upon all. _se_ =dispenser=, _v.r._, to dispense with; to exempt _or_ excuse oneself from; to spare oneself; to be distributed. =disperser=, _v.a._, to disperse; to scatter, to dispel, to break up. _se_ =disperser=, _v.r._, to disperse; to be dispersed, to spread about, to be scattered, to dispel. =dispersion=, _n.f._, dispersion, dispersing, scattering, breaking up. =dispondée=, _n.m._, (poet.) dispondee. =disponibilité=, _n.f._, (jur.) power of disposal (of property); (milit.) state of being unattached. _Être en —_; (milit.) to be unattached. _Fonds en —_; disposable funds. =disponible=, _adj._, free, disposable, available, unoccupied, disengaged, vacant. _n.m._, goods in bond. =dispos=, _adj.m._, active, nimble, cheerful, well, hearty. =disposé=, =-e=, _part._, disposed, inclined; ready; prepared; apt, liable. _Un homme bien — pour quelqu’un_; a man well disposed towards any one. _Mal —_; ill-disposed. =disposer=, _v.a._, to dispose, to order, to lay out; to prepare, to make ready, to fit; to incline, to prevail upon; to have at command. _se_ =disposer=, _v.r._, to dispose oneself, to be disposed; to get ready, to prepare; to array oneself; to be about to. =disposer=, _v.n._, to dispose of; to prescribe, to ordain, to order, to make over; (com.) to draw a bill. _Vous pouvez — de moi_; you may draw upon me. _L’homme propose et Dieu dispose_; man proposes and God disposes. _Disposez de moi_; make what use you like of me. ☉=dispositi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, preparatory. =dispositif=, _n.m._, (jur.) purview, terms (of an act, decree, etc.). _Le — d’un arrét_; the purview _or_ terms of a decree. =disposition=, _n.f._, disposition, arrangement; order; provision; disposal; service; tendency; inclination, aptness; humor; mind, resolution; habit. _Les —s d’une loi_; the provisions of a law. _— testamentaire_; (jur.) will, bequest, devise. _Il a des gens à sa —_; he has people at his disposal. _Il a de très bonnes —s pour vous_; he is very well disposed towards you. _Être en bonne —_; to enjoy good health; to be very fit. _Cela est à votre —_; that is at your service. =disproportion=, _n.f._, disproportion. =disproportionné=, =-e=, _adj._, disproportionate. =disproportionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, disproportional. =disproportionnellement= (-nèl-mān), _adv._, disproportionally. =disputable=, _adj._, disputable, controvertible, contestable, debatable; doubtful. *=disputailler=, _v.n._, to wrangle about trifles. *=disputaillerie=, _n.f._, wrangling, squabbling, bickering. *=disputailleur=, _n.m._, caviler, wrangler. =disputant=, _n.m._, disputant. =dispute=, _n.f._, discussion, disputation, dispute, contest, wrangle, wrangling. =disputer=, _v.n._, to discuss; to argue, to dispute; to contend, to contest, to wrangle. _— contre quelqu’un_; to dispute with any one. _Le — à_; to vie with. _— sur un point de droit_; to discuss a point of law. _De quoi dispute-t-on?_ what is the matter under discussion? _— de_; to contend for. =disputer=, _v.a._, to contend for, to dispute, to call in question; to fight for. _Il lui dispute le pas_; he contends with him for precedence. _— le passage à quelqu’un_; to oppose any one’s passage. _se_ =disputer=, _v.r._, to dispute; to contend for; to wrangle. =disputeu-r=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, wrangler, disputant; disputatious, quarrelsome. =disqualifier=, _v.a._, to disqualify. =disque=, _n.m._, disc, quoit; (bot.) discus. =disquisition=, _n.f._, disquisition. =disruption=, _n.f._, disruption. =dissecteur=, _n.m._, dissector. =dissection=, _n.f._, dissection. _— des nerfs_; neurotomy. =dissemblable=, _adj._, dissimilar, unlike, different. =dissemblablement=, _adv._, dissimilarly. =dissemblance=, _n.f._, dissimilitude, dissimilarity, difference. =dissembler=, _v.n._, to differ, to be unlike. =dissémination=, _n.f._, dissemination; (bot.) semination; scattering (of seeds). =disséminer=, _v.a._, to disseminate, to scatter. =dissension=, _n.f._, dissension, discord, disunion; strife, feud. =dissentiment=, _n.m._, dissent, disagreement. =dissentir=, _v.n._, to dissent. =disséquer=, _v.a._, (surg.) to dissect; to analyze. =disséqueur=, _n.m._, (iron.) dissector. _V._ =dissecteur=. =dissertat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, dissertator. =dissertati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, dissertative, disquisitive. =dissertation=, _n.f._, dissertation, treatise (in schools); composition, essay. =disserter=, _v.n._, to dissert. _— sur un point d’histoire_; to expatiate on a point of history. =dissidence=, _n.f._, scission, dissidence, difference of opinion, dissent. =dissident=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, dissident, dissenter; dissentient, dissident, dissenting. =dissimilaire=, _adj._, dissimilar, different, unlike. =dissimilitude=, _n.f._, dissimilitude, difference, unlikeness. =dissimulat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, dissembler, hypocrite. =dissimulation=, _n.f._, dissimulation, dissembling; double-dealing. _User de —_; to dissemble. _— de naissance_; concealment of birth. =dissimulé=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, dissembler; dissembling, double-faced, artful. _Homme profondément —_; man extremely double-faced. _Caractère —_; artful disposition. =dissimuler=, _v.a._, to dissemble, to conceal, to hide; to play the hypocrite; to feign to take no notice of; to pretend not to do. _— sa haine_; to dissemble one’s hatred. _— une injure_; to take no notice of an insult. _se_ =dissimuler=, _v.r._, to conceal; to be concealed _or_ suppressed _or_ hid. =dissimuler=, _v.n._, to dissemble. _Il dissimula qu’il s’en fût aperçu_; he pretended not to have perceived it. =dissipat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, squanderer, spendthrift, prodigal, waster; lavish, wasteful, extravagant. =dissipation=, _n.f._, dissipation, wasting; waste; recreation, relaxation, diversion. _Vivre dans la —_; to lead a dissipated life. =dissiper=, _v.a._, to dissipate, to scatter, to dispel, to disperse; to consume, to waste, to squander _or_ fritter away, to spend; to recreate, to divert, to relax. _— les factions_; to quell factions. _— son bien_; to squander away one’s wealth. _se_ =dissiper=, _v.r._, to divert, recreate, _or_ relax one’s self; to be dispersed, dispelled, _or_ dissipated; to vanish, to pass away; to clear off. =dissolu=, =-e=, _adj._, dissolute, profligate, lewd, loose, licentious. =dissolubilité=, _n.f._, dissolubility. =dissoluble=, _adj._, dissoluble, dissolvable. =dissolument=, _adv._, dissolutely, loosely, lewdly, licentiously, riotously. ☉=dissoluti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._ _V._ =dissolvant=. =dissolution=, _n.f._, dissolution; solution; dissoluteness, looseness of manners, licentiousness, lewdness; riot. _— des simples_; dissolution of herbs. _La — d’un mariage_; the annulling of a marriage. _— de société_; dissolution of partnership. =dissolvant=, _n.m._, dissolvent, resolvent, solvent. _L’eau est un grand —_; water is a powerful dissolvent. =dissolvant=, =-e=, _adj._, dissolvent, resolvent, solvent. =dissonance=, _n.f._, (mus.) dissonance, discord. =dissonant=, =-e=, _adj._, dissonant, discordant, jarring. =dissoner=, _v.n._, (mus.) to make discord, to jar, to be discordant _or_ dissonant. =dissoudre= (dissolvant, dissous), _v.a._, to dissolve; to break, to break up. _— un mariage_; to annul a marriage. _se_ =dissoudre=, _v.r._, to dissolve, to be dissolved, to melt; to break up. =dissou-s=, =-te=, _part._, dissolved, broken up. =dissuader=, _v.a._, to dissuade, to advise to the contrary. =dissuasi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, dissuasive. =dissuasion=, _n.f._, dissuasion. =dissyllabe=, _adj._, (gram.) dissyllabic. =dissyllabe=, _n.m._, (gram.) dissyllable. =dissyllabique=, _adj._, dissyllabic. =distance=, _n.f._, distance. _Tenir à —_; to keep at a distance. _Garder sa —_; to keep one’s distance. =distancé=, =-e=, _part._, distanced. =distancer=, _v.a._, to distance, to outdo. =distant=, =-e=, _adj._, distant, remote, far off. =distendre=, _v.a._, (med.) to distend. _se_ =distendre=, _v.r._, (med.) to be distended. =distension=, _n.f._, (med.) distension, tension. =distillable=, _adj._, distillable. =distillateur=, _n.m._, distiller. =distillation=, _n.f._, distillation. =distillatoire=, _adj._, distillatory. =distiller=, _v.a._, to distill; to discharge, to vent. _— deux fois_; to rectify. _— son esprit sur quelque chose_; to puzzle one’s brains over a thing. _— son venin sur quelqu’un_; to vent one’s spite upon any one. =distiller=, _v.n._, to drop, to distill, to drizzle, to trickle; to be discharged, to be vented. =distillerie= (-til-rî), _n.f._, distillery, still-house. =distinct= (-tinct), =-e=, _adj._, distinct, different; separate; plain; clear. =distinctement=, _adv._, distinctly, clearly, plainly. =distincti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, distinctive, distinguishing, characteristic. _Caractère —_, _marque —ve_; characteristic. =distinction=, _n.f._, distinction, division; difference; eminence, superiority. _Sans —_; promiscuously, indiscriminately. _Faire — de l’ami et de l’ennemi_; to distinguish between a friend and a foe. _Un homme de —_; a man of refinement. _Défaut de —_; want of distinction. _Par —_; for distinction, for distinction’s sake. =distingué=, =-e=, _adj._, distinguished, eminent, conspicuous; gentlemanly; ladylike; genteel. _Naissance —e_; high birth. =distinguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to discern, to distinguish; to make a distinction, to discriminate; to make eminent, to single out, to honor; to take notice of, to treat with marks of distinction. _se_ =distinguer=, _v.r._, to distinguish _or_ signalize one’s self, to make oneself eminent; to be distinguished _or_ conspicuous, to gain distinction. _Il se distingue par ses talents_; he is conspicuous for his talents. =distique=, _n.m._, distich, couplet. =distique=, _adj._, (bot.) having flowers _or_ leaves in double and opposite rows. =distordre=, _v.a._, (med.) to distort, to sprain. _Se —_, _v.r._, to become distorted. =distors=, =-e=, _adj._, distorted. =distorsion=, _n.f._, distortion, sprain. =distraction=, _n.f._, separation, subtraction; abstraction, absence of mind, wandering, heedlessness, inattention; recreation, diversion, relief. _— de dépens_; (jur.) awarding of expenses. _À t-on fait — des dépens_; have costs been allowed? _Il est sujet à des —s_; he is subject to fits of absence of mind. _Par —_; inadvertently; by way of amusement. =distraire=, _v.a._, to separate, to subtract; to call off, to take off, to divert from, to distract, to disturb; to divert; to entertain; to turn from; to deprive. _La moindre chose le distrait_; the least thing diverts his attention. _— des études_; to disturb from study. _se_ =distraire=, _v.r._, to divert one’s attention; to be disturbed; to divert oneself, to amuse oneself, to take some relaxation. =distrait=, =-e=, _adj._, absent-minded; heedless, wandering; distracted, vacant. _Un homme —_; an absent-minded man. _Air —_, _regards —s_; absent air, vacant looks. =distrait=, _n.m._, absent-minded man. =distrayant=, =-e=, _adj._, diverting, pleasing, entertaining. =distribuable=, _adj._, distributable. =distribuer=, _v.a._, to distribute, to divide, to deal out, to portion out, to serve out; to dispose, lay out, arrange; (print.) to distribute; (theat.) to cast, to allot. _— des aumônes_; to distribute alms. _— un appartement_; to lay out a suite of rooms. =distributaire=, _n.m.f._, recipient, receiver, sharer. =distribut-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, distributer, bestower, dispenser. _— des vivres_; (nav.) purser’s steward, purser’s mate. =distributi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, distributive. =distribution=, _n.f._, distribution; division; laying out, disposition; delivery (of letters by post); (print.) distribution; (theat.) cast. _Ordre de —_; roll of creditors (for dividends). _La — de cet appartement est commode_; this suite of rooms is conveniently laid out. =distributivement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, distributively. =district= (-trik), _n.m._, district; (fig.) province, jurisdiction. =dit=, _n.m._, maxim; saying; ☉fable, tale. _Les —s et faits des anciens_; the acts and sayings of the ancients. _Avoir son — et son dédit_; to be able to say and unsay. =dit=, =-e=, _part._, said, spoken; surnamed, alias, called. _Ce qui fut — fut fait_; he made his words good. _Aussitôt —, aussitôt fait_; no sooner said than done. _Susdit_; above-mentioned. _Autrement —_; in other words. _Cela —_; thereupon. _Se le tenir pour —_; to take it for granted. =dithyrambe=, _n.m._, dithyramb; dithyrambic, dithyrambus. =dithyrambique=, _adj._, dithyrambic. =dito=, _adv._, (com.) Do (ditto). =diton=, _n.m._, (mus.) ditone. =ditriglyphe=, _n.m._, (arch.) ditriglyph. =diurétique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (med.) diuretic. =diurnal=, _n.m._, (c.rel.) diurnal, daily prayer-book. =diurne=, _adj._, (astron., med., ent.) diurnal, daily. =diurne=, _n.m._, (ent.) diurnal insect. _—s_; diurna. =divagant=, _adj._, wandering, rambling. =divagat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, desultory, rambling speaker; desultory, rambling. =divagation=, _n.f._, divagation; wandering, rambling, disconnected, straying; (jur.) straying (of animals). _Se perdre dans les —s_; to lose sight of the question. =divaguer= (-ghé), _v.n._, to be incoherent (either in writing or speaking), to ramble, to stray, to wander, to rave; to digress, to wander from the question; to go astray; to stray (of cattle). =divan=, _n.m._, divan, sofa. =divarication=, _n.f._, (med.) divarication. =divariqué=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) straggling. ☉=dive=, _adj._, divine. _n.f._, goddess, diva. =divergence=, _n.f._, divergence, divergency; difference of opinion. =divergent=, =-e=, _adj._, divergent; different; (bot.) spreading. =diverger=, _v.n._, to diverge; to branch off; to spread. =divers=, =-e=, _adj._, diverse, various, different, multifarious, miscellaneous; divers, sundry, several. =divers=, _n.m.pl._, (com.) sundries. =diversement=, _adv._, diversely, variously, differently. =diversifier=, _v.a._, to diversify, to variegate, to vary. _— l’entretien_; to give variety to the conversation. _se_ =diversifier=, _v.r._, to be varied, diversified. =diversion=, _n.f._, diversion. =diversité=, _n.f._, diversity, variety, difference. =divertir=, _v.a._, to divert; to embezzle, to convert to one’s own use, to make away with, to convey away; to amuse, to recreate, to delight, to exhilarate. _— des fonds_; to misapply funds. _Deniers divertis_; embezzled money. _se_ =divertir=, _v.r._, to amuse oneself, to make merry, to divert _or_ recreate oneself; to be diverted _or_ amused, to be merry; to make sport with. _Divertissez-vous bien_; enjoy yourself. =divertissant=, =-e=, _adj._, diverting, entertaining, amusing. =divertissement= (-tis-mān), _n.m._, diversion, pastime, relaxation; amusement; entertainment; purloining, embezzlement. _Une comédie avec des —s_; a farcical comedy. _— de deniers_; embezzling of money. =dividende=, _n.m._, dividend. _— arriéré_; unclaimed dividend. _Faire un —_; (com.) to declare a dividend. =divin=, =-e=, _adj._, divine; godlike; heavenly; admirable, exquisite. _L’office —_; divine service. _Ouvrage —_; most admirable work. _Beauté —e_; heavenly beauty. =divinat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, diviner. _adj._, prophetic, divining, foreseeing. =divination=, _n.f._, divination. _— par le feu_; pyromancy. =divinatoire=, _adj._, divinatory; divining. =divinement= (di-vi-n-mān), _adv._, divinely, admirably, exquisitely. =diviniser=, _v.a._, to deify; to laud to the skies. =divinité=, _n.f._, Divinity, Godhead, deity. _Adorer la —_; to worship the Divinity. _C’est une — que cette femme_; that woman is an angel. =divis=, _n.m._, (l.u.) division, share. _Posséder par —_; to possess a portion of. =divise=, _n.f._, (her.) narrow band. =diviser=, _v.a._, to divide; to parcel out; to part, to portion out; to disunite, to set at variance. _— le tout en ses parties_; to divide the whole into its parts. _se_ =diviser=, _v.r._, to divide; to be divided; to be split into parts; to be disunited; to be at variance. =diviseur=, _n.m._, (arith.) divisor; divider. =diviseur=, _adj.m._, divisive, dividing. =divisibilité=, _n.f._, divisibility. =divisible=, _adj._, divisible. =division=, _n.f._, division; partition; dividing; (math., print., rhet., milit., parliament) division; (nav.) squadron. _Être en —_; to be at variance. =divisionnaire=, _adj._, divisional; divisionary, of a division. =divorce=, _n.m._, divorce; variance. _Faire — avec sa femme_; to divorce one’s wife. _Faire —_; to renounce. _Ils sont dans un continuel —_; they are always at variance. =divorcer=, _v.n._, to be divorced. _Elle a divorcé d’avec lui_; she has been divorced from him. =divulgation=, _n.f._, divulgence; revelation; publishing. =divulguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to divulge, to blaze abroad, to reveal, to publish _or_ make public. =dix=, _adj._, ten, tenth. _Innocent —_; Innocent the tenth. =dix=, _n.m._, ten; tenth. =dix-huit=, _adj._, eighteen, eighteenth. =dix-huit=, _n.m._, eighteen, eighteenth. =dix-huitième=, _adj._, eighteenth. =dixième= (-zièm), _adj._, tenth. _Le — jour_; the tenth day. _La — fois_; the tenth time. =dixième=, _n.m._, tenth. =dixième=, _n.f._, (mus.) tenth. =dixièmement= (di-zièm-mān), _adv._, tenthly. =dixme=, _n.f._ _V._ =dîme=. =dix-neuf=, _adj._, nineteen, nineteenth. =dix-neuf=, _n.m._, nineteen, nineteenth. =dix-neuvième=, _adj._, nineteenth. =dix-neuvième=, _n.m._, nineteenth. =dix-sept=, _adj._, seventeen, seventeenth. =dix-sept=, _n.m._, seventeen, seventeenth. =dix-septième=, _adj._, seventeenth. =dix-septième=, _n.m._, seventeenth. =dizain=, _n.m._, decastich; (c.rel.) rosary consisting of ten beads; ten packs (of cards); set of ten. =dizaine=, _n.f._, some ten. _Il y avait une — de personnes_; there were ten or twelve people. =dizeau=, _n.m._, shock of wheat (consisting of ten sheaves); ten trusses of hay. ☉=dizenier= _or_ =dizainier=, _n.m._, tithing-man. =djinn=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (Arabian myth.) imp, evil spirit, demon. _Les —s_; swarm of demons. =d.m.= (ab. for Docteur Médecin), M.D. =do=, _n.m._, (mus.) C; do, ut. =docile=, _adj._, docile, tractable, submissive, yielding, manageable. =docilement= (do-sil-mān), _adv._, with docility, submissively. =docilité=, _n.f._, docility, tractableness, manageableness; obedience. =docimasie= _or_ =docimastique=, _n.f._, (metal.) docimacy. =docimastique=, _adj._, docimastic. =dock=, _n.m._, dock; bonded warehouse. =docte=, _adj._, erudite, learned. =doctement=, _adv._, learnedly, in a learned manner; pedantically. =docteur=, _n.m._, doctor. _— en théologie_, _en droit_, _en médecine_; doctor of divinity, of laws, of medicine. =doctissime=, _adj._, most learned. =doctoral=, =-e=, _adj._, doctoral. =doctoralement=, _adv._, doctorally. =doctorat=, _n.m._, doctorate, doctor’s degree. =doctorerie= (-tor-rî), _n.f._, examination for the degree of D.D. =doctoresse=, _n.f._, (jest.) doctoress. =doctrinaire=, _n.m._, lay brother; doctrinaire. _adj._, lay, stiff, formal, pedantic. =doctrinairement=, _adv._, stiffly, formally, systematically. =doctrinal=, =-e=, _adj._, doctrinal. =doctrine=, _n.f._, doctrine. =document=, _n.m._, document, title, title-deed, charter, certificate. =dodécaèdre=, _n.m._, (geom.) dodecahedron. =dodécagone=, _n.m._, (geom.) dodecagon. =dodécagone=, _adj._, twelve-angled. =dodécastyle=, _adj._, dodecastyle. =dodelinement=, _n.m._, rocking, swinging; dandling, fondling. =dodinage=, _n.m._, shaking up, stirring (of wine). =dodiner= _or_ =dodeliner=, _v.a._, to rock; to swing, to fondle, to dandle. =dodiner=, _v.n._, (horl., l.u.) to oscillate, to vibrate. _se_ =dodiner=, _v.r._, to nurse oneself, to coddle oneself. =dodo=, _n.m._, (fam.) by-by, lullaby; sleep, bed. _Aller à —_; to go to bed, to go to sleep. =dodo=, _n.m._, (pop.) (orni.) dodo. _V._ =dronte=. =dodu=, =-e=, _adj._, plump. =dogaresse=, _n.f._, the wife of a doge. =dogat=, _n.m._, dogate. =doge=, _n.m._, doge. =dogmatique=, _adj._, dogmatic. =dogmatique=, _n.f._, dogmatics. =dogmatiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, dogmatically. =dogmatiser=, _v.n._, to dogmatize. =dogmatiseur=, _n.m._, dogmatizer. =dogmatiste=, _n.m._, dogmatist. =dogme=, _n.m._, dogma, tenet, doctrine. =dogre=, _n.m._, Dutch dogger, dogger-boat. =dogue= (dog), _n.m._, mastiff, house-dog; bull-dog. =doguin=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, (-ghin, -ghi-n), pug-dog, pug. =doigt= (doa), _n.m._, finger; toe; hand; digit. _Les cinq —s de la main_; the five fingers of the hand. _Un — du pied_; a toe. _Donner sur les —s_; to give a rap on the knuckles. _Être à deux —s de sa ruine_; to be upon the brink of ruin. _Savoir quelque chose sur le bout du —_; to have a thing at one’s fingers’ ends. _Mon petit — me l’a dit_; a little bird told me so. _Se mordre les —s de quelque chose_; to repent of a thing. _Il est à deux —s de la mort_; he is at death’s door. _J’en mettrais le — au feu_; I would lay my life upon it. _Être servi au — et à l’œil_; to be served at a nod. _On le montre au —_; he is pointed at. _Vous avez mis le — dessus_; you have hit the nail on the head. _Un — de vin_; a toothful of wine. _S’en lécher les —s_; to lick one’s lips; to gloat over anything. _Il lui obéit au — et à l’œil_; he is at his beck and call. _Y mettre les quatre —s et le pouce_; to eat greedily; to do a thing clumsily. _Être comme les deux —s de la main_; to be hand and glove together; to be inseparable. =doigter= (doa-té), _v.a.n._, (mus.) to finger. =doigter=, _n.m._, (mus.) fingering. =doigtier= (doa-tié), _n.m._, finger-stall, thumb-stall, thimble. =doit=, _n.m._, (com.) Dr. (debtor). _— et avoir_; Dr. and Cr. =doitée=, _n.f._, bit of thread. =dol=, _n.m._, (jur.) deceit, fraud. =dolabelle=, _n.f._, small hatchet. =dolabre=, _n.f._, dowel-ax. =dolage=, _n.m._, adzing, planing. =dolce= (dol-cé), _adv._, (mus.) dolce. =doléance=, _n.f._, complaint, lamentation; grievance. _Faire_, _conter_, _ses —s_; to tell one’s griefs, to pour out one’s troubles. =dolemment= (do-la-mān), _adv._, mournfully, wofully, dolefully. =dolent=, =-e=, _adj._, doleful, woful, piteous, mournful; whining. =doler=, _v.a._, to smooth with the adz; to plane; to pare. =doliman=, _n.m._, dolman. =dollar=, _n.m._, dollar. =dolman=, _n.m._, shell-jacket; hussar’s pelisse. =dolmen=, _n.m._, (_—s_) dolmen, cromlech. =doloir=, _n.m._, paring-knife, parer. =doloire=, _n.f._, adz; chip-ax. =dolomie= _or_ =dolomite=, _n.f._, (min.) dolomite. =dom=, _n.m._, dom; don. _V._ =don=. =domaine=, _n.m._, domain; estate, demesne, possession, property; department, province, compass, sphere. _Le — de la couronne_; the crown-lands. _Cela n’est point de mon —_; that is not in my province. _Tomber dans le — du public_; to become public property. =domanial=, =-e=, _adj._, demesnial, domanial. =domanialiser=, _v.a._, to annex to, to include in (a domain). =dôme=, _n.m._, (arch.) dome, cupola; principal church, canopy; round top. _— de verdure_; verdant arch. =domerie=, _n.f._, an abbey. =domestication=, _n.f._, domestication. =domesticité=, _n.f._, domesticity, the being in service; domestic servants; domesticated state. =domestique=, _adj._, domestic, homely, home-bred; menial; tame; domesticated. =domestique=, _n.m._, servant, domestic; servants, domestics (of a house); household; home. _Il a changé tout son —_; he has changed all his servants. _Il aime son —_; he is fond of his home. _— de place_; guide. _— à_, or _pour tout faire_; general servant. =domestique=, _n.f._, woman-servant, maid-servant, servant. _— pour tout faire_; maid, servant, of all-work. =domestiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, servant-like, menially. =domestiquer=, _v.a._, to domesticate, to tame. _Se —_; to become domesticated. =domicile=, _n.m._, domicile, abode, residence. _— politique_; political residence. _— civil_; ordinary residence, dwelling. _À —_; at one’s own house, _or_ at people’s houses, at home. _— légal_; settlement, legal settlement. _De l’eau à —_; water brought to the house. _Elire —_, or _faire élection de —_; to choose one’s residence; to settle down. =domiciliaire=, _adj._, domiciliary. _Faire une visite — chez quelqu’un_; to search anyone’s house. =domicilié=, =-e=, _adj._, resident, domiciled. _Il est —_; he is settled, he has taken a house. _se_ =domicilier=, _v.r._, to settle down, to dwell in a place. =dominance=, _n.f._, preponderance, dominance, rule. =dominant=, =-e=, _adj._, dominant, predominant, reigning, prevalent. _Passion —e_; ruling passion. _Goût —_; reigning taste. _La religion —e_; the established religion. =dominante=, _n.f._, (mus.) dominant. _Dans le mode d’ut, sol est la —, et fa la sous-dominante_; in the key of C, G is the dominant, F the subdominant. =dominat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, dominator, ruler, tyrant; ruling, governing, dominant, domineering, arrogant. =domination=, _n.f._, domination; dominion, rule, sway. =dominer=, _v.n._, to rule, to bear rule _or_ sway, to have the mastery; to dominate, to preponderate, to prevail; to domineer, to lord it; to rise above; to command a view of, to look over, to tower above; to command; to predominate. _Il faut que la raison domine sur les passions_; reason must prevail over the passions. _Sa tête domine au-dessus de la foule_; his head rises above the crowd. _Cette tour domine sur tous les environs_; that tower overlooks all the surrounding country. =dominer=, _v.a._, to rule, to govern, to sway, to prevail over, to domineer over; to rise above, to command a view of; to command, to keep in subjection. _La citadelle domine la ville_; the citadel commands the town. =dominicain=, _n.m._, Dominican, Dominican friar. =dominicain=, =-e=, _adj._, Dominican. =dominicaine=, _n.f._, Dominican nun. =dominical=, =-e=, _adj._, dominical. _Lettre —e_; dominical letter. _L’oraison —e_; the Lord’s prayer. =dominicale=, _n.f._, Sunday sermon. =domino=, _n.m._, domino. _En —_; in a domino. _Jouer aux —s_; to play at dominoes. _Faire —_; to play out, to win. =dominoterie=, _n.f._, stained papers. =dominotier= (-tié), _n.m._, paper-stainer; dealer in stained papers. =dommage=, _n.m._, damage, injury, hurt, detriment, loss; harm. _Cela me porte —_; that is a loss to me. _Faire du —_; to do harm. _C’est —_; it is a pity. _—s et intérêts_, _—s-intérêts_; (jur.) damages. =dommageable= (-jabl), _adj._, hurtful, prejudicial, injurious. =domptable= (don-tabl), _adj._, tameable; governable, manageable. =dompter= (don-té), _v.a._, to subdue, to subjugate, to quell, to tame. _— ses passions_; to overcome one’s passions. _— des animaux_; to tame animals. _— un cheval_; to break in a horse. _se_ =dompter=, _v.r._, to quell, to overcome one’s passions. =dompteur= (don-teur), _n.m._, subduer; tamer; breaker in; vanquisher. =dompte-venin=, _n.m._, (_—_) (bot.) swallow-wort. =don=, _n.m._, gift, donation, present, endowment; knack, talent. _Les —s du ciel_; the gifts of heaven. _—s de la nature_; natural endowments. _— gratuit_; free gift. _Le — de la parole_; the gift of speech. _Il a le — de plaire_; he has the knack of pleasing. =don=, _n.m._, don. =dona=, _n.f._, (_—s_) dona, donna. =donataire=, _n.m.f._, donee. =donat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, donor, giver. =donation=, _n.f._, donation, free gift; deed of gift. _—s de la couronne_; grants of the crown. _Faire — de ses biens_; to make over one’s property by deed of gift. =donatisme=, _n.m._, Donatism. =donatiste=, _n.m._, Donatist. =donc=, _conj._, therefore; accordingly, hence; then, consequently; eh, of course, to be sure. _Répondez —_; answer, I tell you. _Qu’ai-je — fait?_ whatever have I done? =dondon=, _n.f._, (fam., b.s.) plump, jolly, fresh-colored woman _or_ girl. =donjon=, _n.m._, keep, turret, castle-keep; dungeon; pavilion. =donjonné=, =-e=, _adj._, turreted. =donnant=, =-e=, _adj._, generous. _Il n’est pas —_; he is not generous. _— donnant_; give and take, tit for tat. =donne=, _n.f._, deal (at cards). =donné=, =-e=, _part._, given. =donnée=, _n.f.sing._, données, _n.f.pl._, datum, data, principles, facts admitted _or_ known; notion, idea, information; (math.) known quantity, datum; theme of a play, a poem, etc. =donner=, _v.a._, to give, to bestow, to present with, to make a present of; to give away; to cause; to grant, to confer upon; to ascribe; to deal (at cards); to wish (good day, etc.); to devote; (com.) to sell, to let have. _— en échange_; to give in exchange. _— tort à quelqu’un_; to blame any one. _— sa fille en mariage_; to give one’s daughter in marriage. _Qui donne tôt, donne deux fois_; he gives twice who gives in a trice. _— la vie_; to grant, to spare life. _— le bonjour à quelqu’un_; to wish any one good day. _— un soufflet à quelqu’un_; to box any one’s ears. _— rendez-vous_; to appoint a place of meeting. _— quittance_; to give a receipt. _— le branle à une affaire_; to set an affair going. _— le ton_; to set the fashion. _— la chasse_; to pursue. _— sa parole_; to give one’s word. _— du chagrin_; to vex. _— de la peine_; to trouble. _— les mains à une chose_; to give one’s consent to a thing. _— de l’altesse a quelqu’un_; to “style” or “dub” any one highness. _— une baie_; to humbug. _— sa voix_, _son suffrage_; to give one’s vote, one’s suffrage. _— gain de cause_; to decide in favor of. _Donnez des sièges_; bring chairs. _Il en donne à tout le monde_; he makes a fool of everybody. _Je donne beaucoup au hasard_; I attribute a good deal to chance. _Donner à boire_; to give to drink. _Donnez-nous à manger_; give us something to eat. _— à penser_, _à réfléchir_; to set thinking, to give food for reflection. _C’est à vous à —_; it is your turn to deal. _En — à quelqu’un_; to beat, to maul, any one; to cheat any one, to take any one in. _se_ =donner=, _v.r._, to give one’s self; to procure; to take place (of battles); to get; to abandon, to attach, one’s self; to give one’s self out as. _Se — à quelqu’un_; to abandon, to devote, one’s self to any one. _Se — la peine de_; to take the trouble to. _Se — des airs_; to give one’s self airs. _Se — de la tête contre les murs_; to run one’s head against a stone wall. _S’en — à cœur joie_; to indulge one’s self to one’s heart’s content; to take one’s fill of anything. =donner=, _v.n._, to give, to give away; to addict one’s self; to give one’s self up; to get into the head (of liquor); to hit, to strike; (milit.) to charge, to be engaged, to attack (of troops); to deal; to yield, to bear, to produce; to look out; to look into, to overlook. _— contre un banc de table_; to strike on a sand-bank. _Mes fenêtres donnent sur la rue_; my windows look out into the street. _— à penser à quelqu’un_; to set any one thinking. _— à parler_; to furnish matter for talk. _— dedans_; to fall into a snare. _— dans une embuscade_; to fall into an ambuscade. _— dans le piège_, or _dans le panneau_; to fall into the snare. _Le soleil donne dans ma chambre_; the sun shines into my room. _Ce vin donne dans la tête_; that wine gets up into one’s head. _Le régiment a donné_; the regiment is in action, is under fire. =donneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, giver, donor. _Il n’est pas —_; he is not fond of giving; he is close-fisted. _— d’eau bénite de cour_; man of promises only. =don quichotte=, _n.m._, (_— —s_) Don Quixote, madcap; lanky fellow. =don quichottisme=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) quixotism. =dont=, _pron._, whose, whereof, of which, of whom, for whom, etc. _Dieu — nous admirons les œuvres_; God whose works we admire. _Ce — il s’agit_; the business in hand. _L’affaire — je vous ai parlé_; the business I spoke to you about. =donte=, _n.f._, body (of a lute). =donzelle=, _n.f._, damsel, wench. =dorade=, _n.f._, (astron., ich.) dorado, swordfish. =doradille=, _n.f._ _V._ =cétérac=. =doré=, =-e=, _part._, gilt, gilt over, gilded, golden. _Langue —e_; silver tongue; winning, deceitful tongue. _— sur tranche_; gilt-edged _or_ with gilt edges. =dorée=, _n.f._, (ich.) doree, John-Dory; slice of bread and jam. =dorénavant=, _adv._, henceforth, hereafter, for the future, from this time forward. =dorer=, _v.a._, to gild, to gild over. _— un pâté_; to glaze a pie with the yolk of eggs. _— la pilule_; to gild the pill. _se_ =dorer=, _v.r._, to gild; to assume a golden hue _or_ tinge. =doreu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, gilder. =dorien= (-in), _n._ and _adj._ _m._, Dorian; Doric. =dorine=, _n.f._, (bot.) golden saxifrage. =dorique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, Doric. =doris=, _n.f._, (conch.) doris (a sort of mollusk). =dorloter=, _v.a._, to cocker, to fondle, to pamper; to coddle, to pet, to make much of. _se_ =dorloter=, _v.r._, to coddle one’s self; to indulge one’s self. =dormant=, =-e=, _adj._, sleeping, dormant, stagnant; (com.) dull; unemployed (of money). _Eau —e_; stagnant water. _Manœuvre —e_; (nav.) standing part of a tackle. _Châssis —_; fixed sash. =dormant=, _n.m._, (tech., carp.) dormant, dormer, sleeper, post, fixed frame; epergne. =dormeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (pers.) sleeper; sluggard. =dormeuse=, _n.f._, easy traveling carriage; lounging chair. *=dormille=, _n.f._, (ich.) loach. =dormir= (dormant, dormi), _v.n._, to sleep, to be asleep; to be supine; to be still; to be dormant (of money); to be stagnant (of water); to do nothing. _— d’un bon sommeil_, _d’un bon somme_; to sleep soundly. _— trop longtemps_; to oversleep one’s self. _— la grasse matinée_; to lie late in bed. _— tout debout_; not to be able to keep one’s eyes open. _Qui dort, dîne_; sleeping is as good as eating. _Il dort comme une marmotte_ or _comme un sabot_; he sleeps like a top. _Il n’y a point de pire eau que l’eau qui dort_; still waters run deep. _— sur les deux oreilles_; to sleep soundly. _Qui a renommée de se lever matin peut — jusqu’à midi_; a good reputation covers a multitude of sins. _Ce sont des contes à — de bout_; they are old wives’ tales (_i.e._, tedious, nonsensical). =dormir=, _n.m._, sleep. =dormiti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, soporific, somniferous. _Une potion —ve_; a sleeping draught. =dormitif=, _n.m._, dormitive. _L’opium est un dangereux —_; opium is a dangerous sleeping-draught. =doronic=, _n.m._, (bot.) doronicum, leopard’s-bane. =dorsal=, =-e=, _adj._, dorsal. =dorsténie=, _n.f._, (bot.) dorstenia, contrayerva. =dortoir=, _n.m._, dormitory. =dorure=, _n.f._, gilding; glazing (of pastry). =dos=, _n.m._, back, rear, top, ridge. _Sur le —_; upon the back, pickaback. _— courbé_, _voûté_; bent back. _L’épine du —_; the spine, backbone. _— d’une montagne_; ridge of a mountain. _Avoir quelqu’un sur le —_; to be saddled with somebody. _Tourner le —_; to take to flight. _Tourner le — à quelqu’un_; to turn one’s back on _or_ to forsake any one. _Avoir bon —_; to have a strong back. _Faire le gros —_; to set up its back (of a cat); to give one’s self airs. _— d’âne_; shelving ridge. _En — d’âne_; with a shelving ridge. _Le juge les renvoya — à —_; the judge non-suited them both. _En avoir plein le —_; to be sick and tired of anything. _Se mettre le juge à —_; to make an enemy of the judge, _or_ to set the judge against one. =dosable=, _adj._, measurable. =dosage=, _n.m._, (chem., pharm.) dosing, proportioning; quantitative analysis. =dose=, _n.f._, dose; quantity, portion. =doser=, _v.a._, to dose, to proportion. =dossier=, _n.m._, back (of a seat); brief (of a barrister); bundle of papers. _— d’un lit_; headboard of a bed, back-board (of a boat). =dossière=, _n.f._, back-band, ridge-band (of harness); back-plate (of a cuirass). =dot= (dot), _n.f._, marriage portion; dowry. _La — d’une religieuse_; what a nun pays for being admitted into a nunnery. _Coureur de —s_; fortune-hunter. =dotal=, =-e=, _adj._, dotal, concerning dowry. =dotation=, _n.f._, endowment, dotation. =doter=, _v.a._, to endow, to give a portion, to give a dowry. _— une église_; to endow a church. =douaire=, _n.m._, jointure, dower, marriage-settlement. _Il lui a assigné dix mille livres de —_; he has settled ten thousand francs upon her. =douairi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, dowager. =douairière=, _n.f._, dowager; jointress. =douane=, _n.f._, custom-house, custom-duty, duty. _Préposé à la —_; custom-house officer. _Conseil des —s_; board of customs. _Droit de —_; customs duty. =douaner=, _v.a._, to clear goods at the custom-house; to pass through the custom-house. =douanier=, _n.m._, custom-house officer; tide-waiter. =douani-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, relating to the custom-house, of customs. =doublage=, _n.m._, lining, plating; (nav.) sheathing. _— de cuivre_; copper-sheathing; (print.) double. =double=, _adj._, double, duplicate; twofold, twice as much, twice as many; strong (of quality); double, deceitful, arrant; downright, regular. _Partie —_; (com.) double entry. _C’est un — coquin_; he is a downright, arrant scoundrel. =double=, _n.m._, double; duplicate, replica; counterpart (of a deed), double-faced; (theat.) substitute, understudy; an old French coin worth two deniers; (mus.) a turn. _Plus du —_; more than the double. _Mettre une chose en —_; to double a thing. _Jouer quitte ou —_; to play double or quits. _Parier — contre simple_; to bet two to one. =double=, _adv._, double. _Voir —_; to see double. =doublé=, _n.m._, (billiards) doublet. =doubleau=, _n.m._, (carp.) binding joist. _V._ =arc-doubleau=. _à_ =double emploi=, _adv._, for a double purpose. =doublement=, _n.m._, doubling. =doublement=, _adv._, doubly, in a double manner. =doubler=, _v.a._, to double; to line (clothes); (arch.) to fur; (milit., nav., print., theat.) to double; to sheathe (a ship). _— le pas_; to go faster. =doublet=, _n.m._, (billiards, jewelry, trictrac) doublet; (linguistics) doublets. =doublette=, _n.f._, coupler (of organs). =doubleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, doubler. =doublon=, _n.m._, doubloon, Spanish pistole; (print.) double. =doublure=, _n.f._, lining; (theat.) substitute, understudy. =douce-amère=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) woody nightshade, bitter-sweet. =douceâtre=, _adj._, sweetish. =doucement= (doos-mān), _adv._, slowly, leisurely; gently, softly, tenderly, quietly; blandly; peaceably, calmly, smoothly, placidly; mildly; melodiously; meekly; patiently; comfortably; indifferently, not very well, so so. _Aller tout —_; to be so so. =doucerette=, _n.f._, bland-looking creature. =doucereu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, sweetish, mawkish; mealy-mouthed. =doucet=, =-te=, _adj._, demure, mild, affected. _Faire le —_; to look demure. =doucette=, _n.f._, (bot.) corn salad, lamb’s lettuce, Venus’s looking-glass. =doucettement= (-sèt-mān), _adv._, (pop.) gently, softly, only so so. _Il va tout —_; he’s only so so. =douceur=, _n.f._, sweetness; fragrance; softness; mildness; kindness, good-nature; melodiousness, harmony; mellowness; calmness; smoothness; peacefulness; meekness, gentleness; sweet thing; delight, pleasure, comfort; douceur. _Employer la —_; to use gentle means. _Prendre quelqu’un par la —_; to treat anyone with kindness. _Goûter les —s de la vie_; to taste the comforts of life. _Les —s de la société_; the delights of society. _Plus fait — que violence_; kindness does more than harshness. =douche=, _n.f._, douche, shower-bath. =doucher=, _v.a._, to give a douche, a shower-bath. =doucine=, _n.f._, (arch.) doucine; (carp.) molding-plane. =doucir=, _v.a._, to polish (looking-glasses). =doucissage=, _n.m._, polishing. =douelle=, _n.f._, (arch.) archivolt, curve; stave (of a cask). =douer=, _v.a._, to endow, to bestow upon, to favor. *=douille=, _n.f._, socket, hose, pipe; case _or_ shell (of cartridges). *=douillet=, =-te=, _n._ and _adj._, effeminate, delicate person; soft, downy; nice; tender; effeminate; delicate. _C’est un —_; he loves to indulge himself. *=douillette=, _n.f._, wadded dress, wadded great coat. *=douillettement= (doo-lèt-mān), _adv._, softly, tenderly, delicately, effeminately. =douleur=, _n.f._, pain; ache; soreness; anguish, pang, grief, sorrow, affliction; woe. _— aiguë_; acute pain. ☉_se_ =douloir=, _v.r._, to grieve, to wail, to lament. =douloureusement= (-reûz-mān), _adv._, grievously. =douloureu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, painful, tender, smarting, sore; grievous, afflicting, sorrowful; sad. _Cri —_; mournful cry. =doupion=, _n.m._, double cocoon; coarse, raw silk. =doute=, _n.m._, doubt; scruple, fear, dubiousness; apprehension, misgiving, distrust. _Mettre en —_; to call in question. _Faire naître des —s_; to give rise to misgivings. _Jeter des —s dans l’esprit_; to fill the mind with distrust. _Sans —_; without doubt, no doubt, doubtless, unquestionably, to be sure. _Sans — que_; no doubt that. _Cela ne fait aucun —_; there is no doubt about it. =douter=, _v.a._, to doubt, to question, to hesitate, to suspect, to scruple. _Il doute de tout_; he doubts everything. _Je doute que cela soit_; I doubt whether it be so. _Je doute qu’il veuille le faire_; I doubt whether he will do it. _Je ne doute pas qu’il ne le fasse_; I do not doubt but that he will do it. _Ne — de rien_; to be over confident, credulous. _se_ =douter=, _v.r._, to suspect, to surmise, to conjecture; to distrust, to mistrust, to fear. _Je m’en doutais bien_; I thought as much. _Je me doutais qu’il viendrait_; I suspected he would come. _Pouvais-je me — qu’il dût venir sitôt?_ could I imagine that he was to come so soon? _Ne se — de rien_; to suspect nothing; to be unconscious of what is going on. =douteur= (doo-), _n.m._, doubter. =douteusement= (doo-teûz-mān), _adv._, doubtfully. =douteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, doubtful, dubious, ambiguous, questionable. _D’une manière —se_; doubtfully. _Il est — qu’il le fasse_; it is doubtful whether he will do it. =douvain=, _n.m._, stave-wood. =douve=, _n.f._, stave; trench, moat; salt-marsh; (bot.) spearwort. =dou-x=, =-ce=, _adj._, sweet; soft, smooth; easy; gentle, mild; fragrant, agreeable, comfortable, charming, pleasant; harmonious; peaceful, calm; unfermented; fresh (of water); mellow. _Eau —ce_; fresh water, soft water. _Poisson d’eau —ce_; fresh-water fish. _Senteur —ce_; sweet smell. _Une taille douce_; a copper-plate. _Un billet —_; a love-letter. _Faire les yeux —_; to cast amorous glances. _Il fait bien —_; the weather is very mild. _—ce rêverie_; sweet musing. _Mener une vie —ce_; to lead an easy, agreeable life. _Un — sourire_; a gracious smile. _Il est — comme un agneau_; he is as gentle as a lamb. =doux=, _adv._, gently; submissively. _Filer —_; to knuckle under; to eat humble pie. _Tout —_; softly, gently. =douzaine=, _n.f._, dozen. _Une demi —_; half a dozen. _À la —_, _Par —_; by the dozen. _C’est un poète à la —_; he is a sorry poet, a rhyming hack. =douze=, _adj._, twelve, twelfth. _Les — signes du zodiaque_; the twelve signs of the zodiac. _Charles —_; Charles the twelfth. _C’est le — aujourd’hui_; to-day is the twelfth. =douze=, _n.m._, twelve, twelfth. _Le — du mois_; the twelfth instant. _Un in-—_; a duodecimo. =douzième=, _n.m._ and _adj._, twelfth. =douzièmement=, _adv._, twelfthly, in the twelfth place. *=douzil=, _n.m._, spigot, peg. =doxologie=, _n.f._, doxology. =doyen=, _n.m._, dean; senior, oldest member. =doyenné= (doa-ié-né), _n.m._, deanship, deanery; dean’s-pear. =drachme= (drakm), _n.f._, drachma; dram. =dracocéphale=, _n.m._, (bot.) dragon’s-head. =draconien=, =-ne= (-in, è-n), _adj._, draconian. =draconte=, _n.m._, (bot.) dragon’s-wort. =dragage=, _n.m._, dragging (of a river). =dragée=, _n.f._, comfit, sugar-plum, sugar-almond; small shot. _—s lissées_; plain sugar-plums. _Grosse —_; buck-shot. _Avaler la —_; to swallow the pill. _Tenir la — haute à quelqu’un_; to keep in suspense; to make a person pay dearly for. =drageoir= (dra-jo-ar), _n.m._, comfit-dish. =drageon= (-jon), _n.m._, (bot.) shoot, sucker. =drageonner= (-jo-né), _v.n._, to put forth shoots _or_ suckers. =dragme=. _V._ =drachme=. =dragoman=. _V._ =drogman=. =dragon=, _n.m._, dragon; vixen; (astron., erpetology) Draco. _— ailé_; flying dragon. _Sa femme est un vrai —_; his wife is a regular termagant _or_ virago. _— de vertu_; great prude. =dragon=, _n.m._, dragoon. =dragonnade=, _n.f._, dragonnade. =dragonne=, _n.f._, sword-knot; violent woman. _À la —_; cavalierly, unceremoniously; with a high hand. =dragonner=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to dragoon; to worry. _se_ =dragonner=, _v.r._, (l.u.) to worry oneself. =dragonnier=, _n.m._, dragon-tree. =draguage= (-gaj), _n.m._ _V._ =dragage=. =drague= (drag), _n.f._, dredge, dredger; dredging-machine, dredge-net; grains (of malt). =draguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to drag, to dredge. _— une ancre_; to sweep the bottom for a lost anchor. =draguette= (-ghèt), _n.f._, small dredge _or_ drag-net. =dragueur= (-gheur), _n.m._, dredger. =drain=, _n.m._, drain, draining-pipe. =drainage=, _n.m._, drainage. =draine=, _n.f._, (orni.) missel, missel-thrush. =drainer=, _v.a._, to drain. =dramatique=, _adj._, dramatic. =dramatique=, _n.m._, drama, dramatic style. =dramatiser=, _v.a._, to dramatize. =dramatiste=, _n.m.f._, (l.u.) dramatist. =dramaturge=, _n.m.f._, dramatist. [Often used ironically.] =drame=, _n.m._, drama. =drap= (dra), _n.m._, cloth, sheet, pall. _— fin_; superfine cloth, broadcloth. _Gros —_; coarse cloth. _Être dans de beaux —s_; to be in a fine mess or pickle. _— mortuaire_; pall. _Tailler en plein —_; to have abundance of means at command. _Il voudrait avoir le — et l’argent_; he would like to have his cake and eat it. =drapé=, =-e=, _part._, covered, clothed; hung with black; (bot.) thick, close; woolen. _— à l’antique_; clothed after the antique. =drapeau=, _n.m._, flag, standard, ensign, streamer, colors; rag. _Se ranger sous les —x de_; to serve under, to espouse the cause of. _Sous les —x_; serving in the army. =draper=, _v.a._, to cover with cloth; to hang (a carriage) with black; to arrange, to ornament with drapery; (paint., sculpt.) to give drapery to; (fig.) to censure, to reflect on. _se_ =draper=, _v.r._, to wrap one’s self up; (fig.) to make a show of; to parade; to assume an air of importance. =draperie= (drap-rî), _n.f._, drapery, woolen cloths; cloth-trade, cloth-making. =drapi-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, draper, woolen-draper, clothier. =drapière=, _n.f._, packing-pin _or_ skewer. =drastique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (med.) drastic. =drave=, _n.f._, (bot.) whitlow-grass. =drawback=, _n.m._, (_—s_) drawback. =drayage=, _n.m._, fleshing (of hides). =drayer=, _v.a._, to flesh (hides). =drayoire=, _n.f._, fleshing-knife. =drayure=, _n.f._, fleshings (of hides). =drêche=, _n.f._, malt; malt-grains. _Four à —_; malt-kiln. _Faiseur de —_; maltster. =drelin=, _n.m._, (_onomatopœia_) tinkling, jingling. =dressage=, _n.m._, training (of horses). =dresse=, _n.f._, underlay (of shoes). =dresser=, _v.a._, to erect, to straighten, to make straight; to raise, to set up; to hold upright; to spread; to lay (a snare); to pitch (camp); to trim (a boat); to lay out, to arrange; to make out (accounts); to draw up (a report); to prick up (the ears); to train (animals). _— la tête_; to raise the head. _Cheval qui dresse les oreilles_; a horse that pricks up his ears. _— des statues_; to erect statues. _— un lit_; to put up a bed. _— une tente_; to pitch, to set up, a tent. _— un buffet_; to lay out a sideboard. _— un piège_; to lay a trap. _— un plan_; to draw up a plan. _— des arbres_; to dress trees. _— un cheval_; to train a horse. _— quelqu’un_; to form anyone. _Dresse la chaloupe!_ trim the boat! _— la barre du gouvernail_; to right the helm. _se_ =dresser=, _v.r._, to stand on end (of the hair); to stand erect; to rear; to form oneself; to be trained. =dresser=, _v.n._, to stand on end. _Les cheveux lui dressèrent sur la tête_; his hair stood on end. =dressoir=, _n.m._, dresser; sideboard. *=drille=, _n.m._, ☉soldier; fellow. _Un bon —_; a jolly fellow. _Un pauvre —_; a poor wretch. *=drilles=, _n.f.pl._, rags; oakum (for paper). =drisse=, _n.f._, (nav.) halyard; yard-rope; gear. =drogman=, _n.m._, dragoman. =drogue= (drog), _n.f._, drug; rubbish; stuff; drogue (a card game). _N’être que de la —_; to be nothing but trash, rubbish. =droguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to drug, to physic, to doctor. _se_ =droguer=, _v.r._, to physic, or doctor, oneself. =droguer=, _v.n._, to play at drogue; (pop.) to dance attendance. =droguerie= (dro-grî), _n.f._, drugs, drug-trade. =droguet= (-ghè), _n.m._, drugget. =droguetier= (-ghĕ-tié), _n.m._, drugget-weaver. =droguier= (-ghié), _n.m._, medicine-chest. =droguiste= (-ghist), _n.m.f._, druggist. =droit=, =-e=, _adj._, straight, right, plumb; direct; upright, erect; just, righteous; stand-up (collars). _Ligne —e_; straight line. _En —e ligne_; in a straight line. _Remettre quelqu’un dans le — chemin_; to put any one in the right way again. _Tenir la tête —e_; to hold one’s head upright, erect. _Il est — comme un cierge_; he is as straight as an arrow. _Le côté —_; the right-hand side. _Un col —_; a stand-up collar. =droit=, _n.m._, right; equity; law; authority; claim, title; fee; due (tax); duty, custom-duty. _Les —s de l’hospitalité_; the rights of hospitality. _Jouir de ses —s_; to enjoy one’s rights. _Faire — à chacun_; to do every one justice. _Le — des gens_; the law of nations. _Renoncer à ses —s_; to give up one’s right. _Faire — à la demande de quelqu’un_; to accede to any one’s request. _Faire son —_; to study for the law. _— d’aînesse_; birthright, primogenitureship. _— de péage_; toll. _À bon —_; with good reason. _Donner — à_; to entitle. _Y avoir —_; to have a right to. =droit=, _adv._, straight, straight on, directly; honestly, uprightly. _À tort ou à —_; right or wrong. _À qui de —_; whom it may concern. _Allez tout —_; go straight on. _Aller — au but_; to go straight to the mark. _— comme ça_; (nav.) right on. =droite=, _n.f._, right hand, right; right side; right-hand side. _À —_; on the right. _Prendre la —_; to turn to the right. _Tourner à —_; to turn to the right. =droitement= (droat-mān), _adv._, uprightly, sincerely; rightly, straightforwardly, judiciously. =droiti-er=, =-ère= (-tié, -tiè-r), _adj._, right-handed. =droiture=, _n.f._, uprightness, integrity, equity, honesty, rectitude. _En —_; directly, in a direct manner. =drolatique=, _adj._, amusing, laughable, pleasant, comical, facetious; broad, licentious. =drôle=, _adj._, droll, jocose, ludicrous; comical, strange, funny, curious, odd, queer. _Un — de corps_; a queer fellow, an odd fish. =drôle=, _n.m._, rogue; rascal, blackguard; scoundrel; sharp fellow. =drôlement= (drôl-mān), _adv._, comically, facetiously, jocosely. =drôlerie= (drôl-rî), _n.f._, drollery, droll thing. =drôlesse=, _n.f._, wench, jade; hussy. =dromadaire=, _n.m._, dromedary. =drome=, _n.f._, float, raft. =dronte=, _n.m._, (orni.) dodo. =drosère=, _n.f._, (bot.) sundew. =drosse=, _n.f._, (nav.) truss, rope. =drosser=, _v.n._, to drive or drift ashore; to drift. =drouine=, _n.f._, tinker’s sack. =drouineur= _or_ =drouinier=, _n.m._, tinker. =droussage=, _n.m._, carding and oiling (wool). =drousser=, _v.a._, to card and oil (wool). =droussette=, _n.f._, large card for wool. =drousseur=, _n.m._, carder, wool-comber. =dru=, =-e=, _adj._, fledged (of birds); brisk, lively, smart; close-planted, thick-set. =dru=, _adv._, thick, thickly, fast, hard. _Les balles tombaient — comme grêle_ or _comme mouches_; the bullets fell as thick as hail. =druide=, _n.m._, druid. =druidesse=, _n.f._, druidess. =druidique=, _adj._, druidical. =druidisme=, _n.m._, druidism. =drupacé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) drupaceous. =drupe=, _n.m._, (bot.) drupe. =dryade=, _n.f._, Dryad; (bot.) dryas. =du=, _art.m._, (contraction of _de le_) of the, from the, by the; some, any. =dû=, _n.m._, due, what is owed, what is owing; duty. _À chacun son —_; give the devil his due. =dû=, =due=, _part._ (of devoir), due, owed. _J’aurais — faire cela_; I ought to have done that. =dualisme=, _n.m._, dualism. =dualiste=, _n.m.f._, dualist, manichean. =dualité=, _n.f._, duality. =dubitati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, dubitative. =dubitation=, _n.f._, dubitation, doubt. =duc=, _n.m._, duke; (orni.) horn-owl. _Grand-—_, (_—s-—s_) grand-duke; great horn-owl. =ducal=, =-e=, _adj._, ducal. _Grand-—_, (_—-ducaux_) grand-ducal. =ducat=, _n.m._, ducat. =ducaton=, _n.m._, ducatoon. =duché=, _n.m._, dukedom, duchy. =duchesse=, _n.f._, duchess; a kind of sofa; a kind of pear. _Lit à la —_; four-post bedstead. =ducroire=, _n.m._, (com.) del credere. =ductile=, _adj._, ductile. =ductilité=, _n.f._, ductility. =dudit=, _adj.m._, of _or_ from the said. *=duègne=, _n.f._, duenna. =duel=, _n.m._, duel; struggle; (gram.) dual number. _Appeler en —_; to challenge. =duelliste=, _n.m._, duelist. ☉=duire=, _v.n._, to suit, to fit. =duite=, _n.f._, wool of cloth, weft, woof. =dulcification=, _n.f._, dulcification. =dulcifier=, _v.a._, to dulcify. =dulcinée=, _n.f._, dulcinea, sweetheart. =dulie=, _n.f._, dulia (worship of saints). =dûment=, _adv._, duly. =dune=, _n.f._, down; sand-drift, sand-hill. =dunette=, _n.f._, (nav.) poop. =dunkerque=, _n.m._, whatnot, cabinet. =duo=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (mus.) duo, duet, duetto. =duodécimal=, =-e=, _adj._, duodecimal. =duodénal=, =-e=, _adj._, duodenal. =duodénum= (-nom), _n.m._, (anat.) duodenum. =duodi=, _n.m._, duodi (second day of the decade in the calendar of the first French Republic). =dupe=, _n.f._, dupe; gull. =duper=, _v.a._, to dupe, to deceive, to gull, to take in. =duperie= (du-prî), _n.f._, dupery, trickery; trick, take-in, sell. =dupeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, cheat, trickster. =duplicata=, _n.m._, (_—_) duplicate. =duplication=, _n.f._, duplication. =duplicature=, _n.f._, (anat.) duplicature. =duplicité=, _n.f._, duplicity; double-dealing, deceit. ☉=duplique=, _n.f._, (jur.) rejoinder, rebutter. ☉=dupliquer=, _v.n._, (jur.) to rejoin, to put in a rejoinder. =duquel=, _pron._, of which, from which. _V._ =lequel= and =dont=. =dur=, =-e=, _adj._, hard; tough; obdurate, harsh, merciless, unkind, unfeeling, hard-hearted. _Il a les traits —s_; his features are hard. _Le regard —_; a harsh look. _Des vers —s_; harsh verses. _Un esprit —_; a dull understanding. _Marchandise —e à la vente_; goods of slow sale. _Avoir l’oreille —e_; to be dull of hearing. _Le temps est —_; the weather is severe. _Tableau —_; stiff painting; harsh painting. =dur=, _adv._, hardly; firmly. _Il entend —_; he is hard of hearing. =durabilité=, _n.f._, durableness. =durable=, _adj._, durable, lasting, solid. =durablement=, _adv._, durably, lastingly. =duracine=, _n.f._, sort of peach; duracine. =durant=, _prep._, during. _— sa vie_, _sa vie —e_ or _durant_ (Littré); during his lifetime. =dur-bec=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (orni.) hawfinch. =durcir=, _v.a._, to harden, to make hard, to make tough; to indurate. _se_ =durcir=, _v.r._, to harden, to indurate, to grow hard. =durcir=, _v.n._, to harden, to become hard; to stiffen; to indurate. =durcissement= (-sis-mān), _n.m._, hardening, stiffening; induration. =dure=, _n.f._, bare ground; bare floor, bare board. _Coucher sur la —_; to sleep on the ground, on the bare floor. =durée=, _n.f._, duration, continuance. _Être de longue —e_; to be durable. =durement= (dur-mān), _adv._, hard; hardly, harshly, sharply, roughly, rigorously. =dure-mère=, _n.f._, (n.p.) (anat.) dura mater. =durer=, _v.n._, to last, to continue; to remain; to endure; to stand, to subsist. _Une étoffe qui dure_; a stuff that wears well. _Le temps lui dure_; time hangs heavy upon him. _Ne pouvoir — en place_; to be unable to sit still. _Faire vie qui dure_; to take care of one’s money, to think of the morrow. _Ne pouvoir — dans sa peau_; to be ready to jump out of one’s skin. =duret=, =-te=, _adj._, (l.u.) somewhat hard, rather tough, toughish. =dureté= (dur-té), _n.f._, hardness, toughness; harshness, austerity, unkindness; stiffness. _La — du fer_; the hardness of iron. _Avoir une — d’oreille_; to be hard of hearing. _La — de son regard_; the sternness of his look. _— de cœur_; hard-heartedness. =duretés=, _n.f.pl._, harsh, offensive words. *=durillon=, _n.m._, callosity, hard skin; corn. ☉=durillonner=, _v.n._, to become hard. _se_ =durillonner=, _v.r._, to become covered with warts, callosities. =duriuscule=, _adj._, (jest.) somewhat hard, tough, hardish. =duumvir= (du-om-), _n.m._, duumvir. =duumvirat=, _n.m._, duumvirate. =duvet=, _n.m._, down; wool, nap. =duveté=, =-e= (duv-té), _adj._, (of birds) downy. =duveteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (of fruit) downy. =dynamètre=, _n.m._, dynameter. =dynamique=, _n.f._, dynamics. =dynamique=, _adj._, dynamical. =dynamisme=, _n.m._, name given to the doctrine of Newton. =dynamite=, _n.f._, dynamite. =dynamomètre=, _n.m._, dynamometer. =dynaste=, _n.m._, (antiq.) kinglet. =dynastie=, _n.f._, dynasty. =dynastique=, _adj._, dynastic. =dyscole=, _adj._, (l.u.) who departs from an established opinion; difficult to live with. =dyscrasie=, _n.f._, (med.) dyscrasy. =dysenterie= (dis-sant-ri), _n.f._, dysentery. =dysentérique=, _adj._, dysenteric. =dysopie=, _n.f._, (med.) dysopsy, dysopsia. =dysorexie=, _n.f._, dysorexy. =dyspepsie=, _n.f._, dyspepsia. =dysphagie=, _n.f._, dysphagia. =dysphonie=, _n.f._, dysphony. =dysphorie=, _n.f._, dysphoria. =dyspnée=, _n.f._, dyspnœa. =dysurie=, _n.f._, dysury. =dytique=, _n.m._, (ornith.) diver; water-beetle. E =e=, _n.m._, the fifth letter of the alphabet, e. =e=, abbreviation of _Eminence_, _Excellence_. =eau=, _n.f._, water; rain, stream, river, pond, flood; perspiration; tea (of herbs); liquid; wash. _pl._, (nav.) track, wake; luster, gloss; watering-place. _— bénite_; holy water. _— douce_; fresh water, soft water. _— dure_; hard water. _— de mer_; sea-water. _— saumâtre_; brackish water. _— mère_; mother-water (chem.). _— de source_; spring-water. _— courante_; running water. _— morte_; still water. _— panée_; toast and water. _Morte-—_, (_n.p._) neap-tide. _—-forte_, (_n.p._) aqua fortis. _Grandes —x_; high flood (of rivers). _Grandes —x de Versailles_; fountains in full play. _Cure d’—x_; water cure. _Hautes —x_; high water. _— bénite de cour_; empty promises, blarney, soft sawder. _— dormante_; stagnant water. _Aller aux —x_; to go to a watering-place. _Porter de l’— à la mer_; to carry coals to Newcastle. _Ils se ressemblent comme deux gouttes d’—_; they are as like as two peas. _Il n’est pire — que celle qui dort_; still waters run deep. _Cela s’en est allé en — de boudin_; that came to nothing at all. _Aller à l’—_; to take the water (of a dog). _Un jet d’—_; a water-spout, fountain. _Une pièce d’—_, _une nappe d’—_; a sheet of water; an artificial lake. _—x jaillissantes_; gushing waters. _Passer l’—_; to cross the water. _Au bord de l’—_; at the water’s edge. _Nager entre deux —x_; to swim under water; to waver between two parties. _À fleur d’—_; on a level with the water. _Faire venir l’— au moulin_; to bring grist to the mill. _Mettre de l’— dans son vin_; to come down a peg or two. _Pêcher en — trouble_; to fish in troubled water. _Cela fait venir l’— à la bouche_; that makes one’s mouth water. _Lancer un navire à l’—_; to launch a ship. _Faire de l’—_; (nav.) to water, to take in fresh water. _Faire une voie d’—_; to spring a leak. _—-de-vie_, (_—x-—_) brandy. _— de rose_; rose-water. _— d’arquebusade_; arquebusade water. _Il tombe de l’—_; it is raining. _Il est tout en —_; he is in a bath of perspiration. _Suer sang et —_; to toil and moil. _Donner — à un drap_; to give a gloss to a piece of cloth. _Maître des —x et forêts_; ranger of the woods and forests. _—x-fortes_; etchings, collection of etchings. _L’— va toujours au moulin_; money begets money. _Tout va à vau l’—_; all is going to wreck and ruin. _Les —x sont basses chez lui_; he is hard up. _Une goutte d’— suffit pour faire déborder un vase plein_; the last straw breaks the camel’s back. _D’ici là il passera bien de l’— sous le pont_; it will be a long time before that happens. =ébahi=, =-e=, _adj._, wondering, aghast, dumfounded. _s’_=ébahir=, _v.r._, to wonder at, to be amazed, to be aghast. =ébahissement= (-is-mān), _n.m._, wonderment, amazement, astonishment. =ébarbage=, _n.m._, (arts) paring, paring away; (engr.) edging off; scraping. =ébarber=, _v.a._, to pare, to strip (quills); (engr.) to edge off, to scrape; to edge a dish off. =ébarboir=, _n.m._, (arts) parer, scraper. =ébat=, _n.m._, (fam.) diversion, pastime, sport, gambol, frolic. _Prendre ses —s_; to disport oneself. =ébattement= (é-bat-mān), _n.m._, balancing (of a vehicle); (jest.) diversion, pastime, sport, gambol. _s’_=ébattre=, _v.r._, to sport, to take one’s pleasure, to gambol, to frolic. =ébaubi=, =-e=, _adj._, (fam., jest.) amazed, astonished, dumfounded. =ébauchage=, _n.m._, sketching. =ébauche=, _n.f._, sketch, rough draught, drawing, outline. =ébaucher=, _v.a._, to make the first draught, to draw an outline of, to sketch, to rough-hew; to delineate; (mas.) to boast. =ébaucheur=, _adj._, (tech.) roughing. =ébauchoir=, _n.m._, (sculp.) boasting-tool; mortise chisel. ☉_s’_=ébaudir=, _v.r._, (jest.) to frolic, to frisk, to skip about. ☉=ébaudissement=, _n.m._, frolicking. =ebbe= _or_ =èbe=, _n.m._, (nav.) ebb, reflux, low water. =ébène=, _n.f._, ebony, ebony work. _Des cheveux d’—_; raven locks. =ébéner=, _v.a._, to ebonize. =ébénier=, _n.m._, ebony-tree. _Faux —_; laburnum. =ébéniste=, _n.m._, cabinet-maker. =ébénisterie=, _n.f._, cabinet-work. ☉=éberner=, _v.a._, _V._ =ébrener=. =éblouir=, _v.a._, to dazzle; to fascinate. _Le soleil nous éblouit_; the sun dazzles us. _S’—_; to be dazzled, fascinated. =éblouissant=, =-e=, _adj._, dazzling, resplendent. =éblouissement= (-is-mān), _n.m._, dazzling; (fig.) dizziness; fascination, charm. =éborgnage=, _n.m._, nipping off of buds. *=éborgner=, _v.a._, to blind of one eye, to put out an eye; to nip the buds off. _s’_=éborgner=, _v.r._, to make oneself blind of one eye. =ébouage=, _n.m._, scavenging. =ébouer=, _v.a._, to scavenge. =éboueur=, _n.m._, road-scraper, scavenger. =ébouillanter=, _v.a._, to scald. *=ébouillir=, _v.n._, to boil down, to boil away. _Cette sauce est trop ébouillie_; that sauce has boiled away too much. =éboulement= (é-bool-mān), _n.m._, falling in, falling down, landslip, sinking. _— de terre_; landslip. =ébouler=, _v.n._, to fall in, to fall down, to sink. _s’_=ébouler=, _v.r._, to fall in, to fall down, to sink. _Ce rempart s’éboule_; the rampart is falling in. =éboulis=, _n.m._, rubbish, fallen ground. =ébourgeonnement= (-jo-n-mān), _n.m._, (hort.) nipping of the buds, disbudding. =ébourgeonner= (-jo-né), _v.a._, (hort.) to nip off the buds. =ébourgeonnoir=, _n.m._, nipping-knife. =ébouriffé=, =-e=, _adj._, disordered, ruffled, in disorder; in a flutter. _Elle arriva tout —e_; she came in with her hair all ruffled. _Qu’avez-vous donc? vous voilà tout —_; what is the matter with you? you are all of a flutter. =ébousiner=, _v.a._, (mas.) to clean off. =ébraisoir=, _n.m._, furnace-shovel. =ébranché=, =-e=, _adj._, lopped, trimmed, pruned. =ébranchement= (é-bransh-mān), _n.m._, (hort.) pruning, lopping, trimming. =ébrancher=, _v.a._, (hort.) to prune, to lop, to trim. =ébranlement= (é-branl-mān), _n.m._, shock, concussion, shaking; perturbation, disturbance, trouble. =ébranler=, _v.a._, to shake, to move; to disturb. _Les vents ont ébranlé cette maison_; the winds have shaken that house. _— la résolution de quelqu’un_; to shake any one’s resolution. _Sa fidélité ne fut jamais ébranlée_; his fidelity was never shaken. _s’_=ébranler=, _v.r._, to shake, to be shaken, to be disturbed; (milit.) to move, to get under way, to be set in motion. _Quand les deux armées s’ébranlèrent_; when the two armies moved forward. _La voiture s’ébranla_; the coach got under way. =ébrasement= (é-brâz-mān), _n.m._, (arch.) splaying. =ébraser=, _v.a._, (arch.) to splay. =ébrèchement=, _n.m._, notching. =ébrécher=, _v.a._, to notch, to jag, to indent, to impair. _Ses folles dépenses ont ébréché sa fortune_; his extravagant living has made a gap in his fortune. _s’_=ébrécher=, _v.r._, to be notched, to break off a piece (of one’s tooth). =ébrener=, _v.a._, (l.ex.) to clean (a child). =ébriété=, _n.f._, ebriety, inebriety. ☉*=ébrillade=, _n.f._, (man.) jerk (with the bridle). =ébrouement=, _n.m._, sneezing, snorting. =ébrouer=, _v.a._, (dy.) to wash; to shell or husk. _s’_=ébrouer=, _v.r._, (man.) to snort; to sneeze. =ébruiter=, _v.a._, to make known, to spread about. _s’_=ébruiter=, _v.r._, to be made known, to be noised abroad. =ébrun=, _n.m._, horned rye. =ébuard=, _n.m._, wooden wedge. =ébullition=, _n.f._, boiling, ebullition. =écachement=, _n.m._, bruising, crushing. =écacher=, _v.a._, to crush, to squash, to squeeze flat. _Nez écaché_; flat nose. *=écaille=, _n.f._, scale; shell; chipping (porcelain). _Des —s d’huître_; oyster-shells. _Peigne d’—_; tortoise-shell comb. =écaillé=, =-e=, _adj._, scaly. *=écaill-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, oyster-man, oyster-woman. *=écailler=, _v.a._, to scale. _s’_=écailler=, _v.r._, to peel off, to scale, to scale off; to chip off. *=écailleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, scaly, squamous. =écale=, _n.f._, shell (of peas); hull, husk (of nuts). _— de noix_; walnut-shell. =écaler=, _v.a._, to shell (beans, peas); to hull, to husk (almonds, nuts). _s’_=écaler=, _v.r._, to shell, to be shelled. *=écarbouiller=, _v.a._, (pop.) to crush, to squash. =écarlate=, _n.f._ and _adj._, scarlet. =écarlatine=. _V._ =scarlatine=. *=écarquillement= (-mān), _n.m._, (fam.) opening wide, spreading out (of one’s eyes, legs). *=écarquiller=, _v.a._, (fam.) to open, to spread out, to open wide. _— les jambes_; to spread out one’s legs. _— les yeux_; to open wide, to strain one’s eyes. =écart=, _n.m._, step aside, digression, swerving, error; mistake, fault, deviation; (man.) strain; (at écarté) cards rejected. _Il fit un — pour éviter le coup_; he stepped aside to avoid the blow. _Faire un —_; to step aside. _Faire un — dans un discours_; to make a digression in a speech. _Les —s de l’imagination_; the flights of the imagination. _Ce cheval s’est donné un —_; that horse has strained itself. _Les —s de la jeunesse_; the errors of youth. _Faire son —_; to discard. _A l’—_; aside, apart, by one’s self, in solitude, in a lonely place. _Mettre à l’—_; to put by, to lay aside. _Il le prit à l’—_; he took him aside. _Se mettre_, _se tenir_, _à l’—_; to keep aloof, to stand aside. _Laisser à l’—_; to leave aside, to shun, to omit. =écarté=, _n.m._, écarté (cards). =écarté=, _part._, remote, lonely, secluded. =écartelé=, =-e=, _adj._, quartered, torn to pieces; (her.) quartered. =écartèlement=, _n.m._, tearing to pieces, quartering. =écarteler=, _v.a._, to quarter, to tear to pieces; (her.) to quarter. =écartelure=, _n.f._, (her.) quartering. =écartement=, _n.m._, putting aside; removal, scattering, spreading; separation; (surg.) diastasis. =écarter=, _v.a.n._, to set aside, to remove; to waive; to pass over; to dispel; to widen; to divert; to keep from; to disperse, to scatter, to avert; to discard. _— une mauvaise pensée_; to dismiss an evil thought. _— un coup_; to ward off a blow. _s’_=écarter=, _v.r._, to turn aside; to deviate; to err, to stray; to ramble; to swerve; to remove, to make way. _S’— de son sujet_; to stray from one’s subject. _S’— de son chemin_; to go out of one’s way. _S’— de son devoir_; to swerve from one’s duty. _La foule s’écarta_; the crowd made way. *=écartillement=, _n.m._ _V._ =écarquillement=. *=écartiller=, _v.a._ _V._ =écarquiller=. =ecce homo= (èk-sé-), _n.m._, (_—_) ecce homo; (fig.) thin, pale person. =ecchymose= (é-ki-), _n.f._, (med.) ecchymosis. =ecchymosé= (é-ki-), _adj._, being in a state of ecchymosis, bruised. =ecclésiaste=, _n.m._, Ecclesiastes. =ecclésiastique=, _adj._, ecclesiastic, clerical. =ecclésiastique=, _n.m._, clergyman, priest, ecclesiastic. =ecclésiastiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, ecclesiastically. =écervelé=, =-e=, _adj._, hare-brained, mad-brained, rash, giddy. _Une tête —e_; a mad-cap. =écervelé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, mad-cap; hare-brained person. _C’est un —_; he is not to be relied upon. =échafaud=, _n.m._, scaffold; (arch.) stage; stand, gallows. _— de service_; temporary stage. =échafaudage=, _n.m._, scaffolding, great preparations; display. =échafauder=, _v.n._, to scaffold, to erect scaffolding; to pile up; to shore up. =échafauder=, _v.a._, to make great preparations for a work; ☉to pillory. _s’_=échafauder=, _v.r._, to be piled up; to be shored up; (fig.) to raise one’s self, to support one’s self, to find supporters. =échalas=, _n.m._, prop for a vine; vine-stick; hop-pole. _C’est un —_; he is as thin as a lath. =échalassement=, _n.m._, (hort.) propping. =échalasser=, _v.a._, to prop vines, etc. =échalier=, _n.m._, fence, hurdle, stile. =échalote=, _n.f._, shallot, eschalot. =échampir=, _v.a._, (house paint) to set off. _V._ =réchampir=. =échancré=, =-e=, _part._, hollowed out, indented; (bot.) emarginated; sloped. =échancrer=, _v.a._, to slope, to hollow out, to indent. =échancrure=, _n.f._, hollowing, sloping, slope, indentation; cut, opening. =échange=, _n.m._, exchange, barter. _Un — de compliments_; an exchange of compliments. _Libre —_; free-trade. =échangeable= (-jabl), _adj._, exchangeable. =échanger=, _v.a._, to exchange, to barter, to interchange. _— une propriété contre une autre_; to exchange one property for another. =échangiste= (=libre=), _n.m._, free-trader. =échanson=, _n.m._, cup-bearer. =échansonnerie= (-so-n-rî), _n.f._, cup-bearers of a prince; a king’s wine-cellars. *=échantillon=, _n.m._, sample, pattern, specimen; tally; (nav.) scantling; (tech.) gauge. *=échantillonnage=, _n.m._, sampling; gauging. *=échantillonner=, _v.a._, to sample, to gauge. =échanvrer=, _v.a._, to hatchel. =échanvroir=, _n.m._, hackle. =échappade=, _n.f._, (engr.) slip, escapade. =échappatoire=, _n.f._, shift, subterfuge, creep-hole, put-off, evasion. =échappé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, a person who has made his _or_ her escape, a runaway; a horse of mongrel _or_ cross breed. _Un — de galères_; an escaped convict. _Un — des petites-maisons_; a madman, a crack-brained fellow. =échappée=, _n.f._, prank; sally, snatch; (arch.) rounding off; space for carriages to turn in. _Faire quelque chose par —s_; to do a thing by snatches, by fits and starts. _— de vue_; vista. _— de lumière_; (paint.) accidental light. _À l’—_; by stealth. =échappement=, _n.m._, (horl.) escape, escapement. _— à recul_; recoil-escapement. _— à repos_; dead-beat escapement. _— à ancre_; anchor _or_ lever escapement. _— de la vapeur_; (mec.) puff. =échapper=, _v.n._, to escape, to make one’s escape, to get away, to get out of, to avoid, to shun, to fly, to break out. _Laisser —_; to overlook, to pass over, to let pass. _Faire — un prisonnier_; to favor a prisoner’s escape. _— au naufrage_; to escape shipwreck. _— du naufrage_; to escape from the wreck. _Cela m’est échappé_; that has slipped my memory. _Cela m’a échappé_; it escaped me (_i.e._ I did not know of it), _or_ I said it inadvertently. _Laisser — l’occasion_; to let slip an opportunity. _Laisser — un mot_; to drop a word. [When _échapper_ means _to avoid_, _to be preserved_, it requires the preposition _à_: _On échappe ~à~ l’orage_. When it means _to steal away_, _to leave a place_, it requires the preposition _de_: _On échappe ~de~ prison_.] =échapper=, _v.a._, to escape, to avoid; (man.) to put to the greatest speed. _L’— belle_; to have a narrow escape. _— le danger_; to avoid danger. _— la côte_; to escape stranding. _s’_=échapper=, _v.r._, to get loose, to get away, to escape, to steal away, to slip out; to vanish, to disappear; to forget one’s self. _Il s’est échappé jusqu’à dire_; he forgot himself so far as to say. =écharbot=, _n.m._, (bot.) water-chestnut, water-caltrop. =écharde=, _n.f._, prick, prickle (of a thistle); splinter; (piscat.) stickleback. =échardonnage=, _n.m._, clearing of thistles. =échardonner=, _v.a._, to clear of thistles. =échardonnoir=, _n.m._, weed-hook. =écharner=, _v.a._, to excarnate; to flesh. =écharnoir=, _n.m._, fleshing-knife. =écharnure=, _n.f._, scrapings or parings of hides. =écharpe=, _n.f._, scarf; sash; arm-sling; (nav.) shell of a pulley _or_ block; (engineering) surface-table; water-table; (her.) scarp. _Changer d’—_; to be a turncoat, to change sides, to rat. _Avoir le bras en —_; to have one’s arm in a sling. _Le canon tire en —_; the cannon fires slanting. _Coup d’épée en —_; slanting cut. _Avoir l’esprit en —_; to be heedless, absent, inattentive. _En —_; over the shoulder. =écharper=, _v.a._, to slash, to cut; to cut to pieces, to hack. _Il lui a écharpé le visage_; he gave him a slash across the face. _— un régiment_; to cut a regiment to pieces. =échars=, =-e=, _adj._, (coins) light; below the legal standard. _Vents —_; (nav.) shifting winds, light and variable winds. =écharser=, _v.n._, (nav.) to veer, to shift about, to change often. ☉_v.a._, to lower the standard of coins. =échasse=, _n.f._, (orni.) stilt-bird. _— à manteau noir_; long-legged plover. =échasse=, _n.f._, stilt; tressel, trussel (of stages); upher. _— d’échafaud_; upher, scaffolding-pole. _Il est toujours monté sur des —s_; he is always on stilts, in buckram. =échassier=, _n.m._, (orni.) long-legged wading bird; _—s_, grallae. =échauboulé=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) full of pimples. =échauboulure=, _n.f._, (med.) pimple, blotch, rash, pustule. =échaudage=, _n.m._, lime-wash; lime-washing. =échaudé=, _n.m._, simnel, cracknel. _— au beurre_; simnel with butter. =échaudé=, =-e=, _part._, scalded. _Chat — craint l’eau froide_; a burnt child dreads the fire. =échauder=, _v.a._, to scald. _s’_=échauder=, _v.r._, to burn one’s self; to burn one’s fingers. _Il s’y est échaudé_; he burnt his fingers in that business. =échaudis=, _n.m._, (nav.) triangular shape. =échaudoir=, _n.m._, scalding-house; scalding-tub. =échauffaison=, _n.f._, (med.) overheating, eruption, rash. =échauffant=, =-e=, _adj._, heating, binding. =échauffe=, _n.f._, heap. _Mettre les peaux en —_; to heap the hides. =échauffé=, _n.m._, odor (caused by excessive heat). _Sentir l’—_; to have or exhale a hot smell. =échauffée=, _n.f._, first operation of salt-makers in warming their oven. =échauffement= (é-shôf-mān), _n.m._, heating; over-excitement. =échauffer=, _v.a._, to warm, to beat, to overheat; to excite, to inflame, to irritate, to anger; to vex. _Échauffez la chambre_; warm the room. _Les épices échauffent le sang_; spices heat the blood. _Cela lui échauffe la bile_; that provokes him. _s’_=échauffer=, _v.r._, to grow warm, to overheat one’s self; to grow angry, to fly into a passion, to chafe, to fume. _La chambre s’échauffe_; the room is getting warm. _Il s’est échauffé à marcher_; walking has made him warm. _La querelle s’échauffe_; the quarrel is running high. _Le jeu s’échauffe_; they are playing deep. _S’— sur la voie_; (hunt.) to follow the chase eagerly. =échauffourée=, _n.f._, a rash, headlong, _or_ blundering enterprise; skirmish, affray; blunder. =échauffure=, _n.f._, red pimple, rash. =échauguette= (-ghèt), _n.f._, (milit.) watch-box, watch-tower. =échauler=, _v.a._ _V._ =chauler=. =échaux=, _n.m.pl._, channels, furrows, water-course, drains. =échéable=, _adj._, falling due, payable. =échéance=, _n.f._, falling due, expiration, maturity. _— commune_; average maturity. _— prochaine_; nearly due. _À courte —_; at a short date, short-dated. _À longue —_; at a long date; long-dated. _Jusqu’à l’—_; until maturity, till due. _Payer une lettre de change à l’—_; to pay a bill of exchange at maturity. =échéant=, _part._, falling due. _Le cas —_; if such should be the case; in that case. =échec=, _n.m._, check, repulse, defeat; blow; loss. _Donner —_; to check. _— et mat_; check-mate. _Être — et mat_; to be checkmated. _Il a souffert un grand —_; he has suffered a dreadful blow. _Tenir un homme en —_; to have a man under one’s thumb. _Tenir une armée en —_; to keep an army at bay. =échecs= (é-shè), _n.m.pl._, chess; board and set of chess-men; chess-men. _Jouer aux —_; to play at chess. =échelette=, _n.f._, rack (for pack-saddles, carts); (orni.) wall-creeper. =échelier=, _n.m._, peg-ladder. =échelle=, _n.f._, ladder; ladder-staircase; scale; degree; (nav.) quarter-deck ladder. _— brisée_; folding-ladder. _— de siège_; scaling-ladder. _— de corde_; rope-ladder. _— de meunier_; trap-ladder. _— à incendie_; fire-ladder, fire-escape. _— de jardin_ ou _de tapissier_; pair of steps. _— de dunette_; poop-ladder. _— de commandement_; accommodation-ladder. _— campanaire_; bell-founder’s diapason. _—s du Levant_; sea-ports in the Levant. _Faire la courte —_; to mount upon one another’s shoulders. _Faire à quelqu’un la courte —_; to give a lift to any one; to help any one through. _Sentir l’—_; to deserve hanging. _Après lui il faut tirer l’—_; he has left nothing to be done, _or_ you cannot go one better. =échelon= (ésh-lon), _n.m._, round, rung, step (of a ladder); step, stepping-stone; (milit.) echelon. _Descendre d’un —_; to come down a step. _Marcher en —s_; to march in echelons. =échelonner=, _v.a._, to draw up in echelons; to arrange according to gradation. _— un corps d’infanterie_; to draw up a body of infantry in echelons. _s’_=échelonner=, _v.r._, to be graduated; to rise gradually; to be arranged _or_ drawn up in echelons. =échenal= _or_ =écheneau=, _n.m._, gutter, basin. *=échenillage=, _n.m._, clearing, ridding of caterpillars. *=écheniller= (ésh-ni-), _v.a._, to rid plants of caterpillars. *=échenilleur=, _n.m._, caterpillar-destroyer; (ornith.) caterpillar-eater. *=échenilloir=, _n.m._, averruncator. =écheno=. _V._ =échenal=. =écheoir=. _V._ =échoir=. =écheveau= (ésh-vo), _n.m._, hank, skein. _Dévider un —_; to reel, to wind off, a skein. =échevelé=, =-e= (é-shĕv-lé), _adj._, disheveled; whose hair hangs loose; disordered; romantic, extravagant. =échevette=, _n.f._, small skein. =échevin= (ésh-vin), _n.m._, sheriff, alderman. =échevinage=, _n.m._, shrievalty, sheriffdom, sheriffship. =échidné= (é-kid-), _n.m._, (zoöl.) echidna. =échi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (hunt.) voracious, greedy. =échiffe= _or_ =échiffre=, _n.m._, (arch.) partition-wall (of a staircase). *=échignole=, _n.f._, (tech.) button-maker’s spindle. *=échillon=, _n.m._, waterspout. =échimose=, _n.f._ _V._ =ecchymose=. =échine=, _n.f._, spine, backbone, chine; (arch.) echinus, ovolo. _Une maigre —_; a thin, lank person. _Crotté jusqu’à l’—_; bespattered, _or_ splashed, up to the neck (with mud). =échiné=, _part._, _adj._, broken-backed; belabored; beaten to death; tired out. =échinée=, _n.f._, (cook.) chine, chine-piece. =échiner=, _v.a._, to break the back, to kill, to murder; to beat unmercifully; to knock up, to tire out. _s’_=échiner=, _v.r._, to knock one’s self up with work; to work one’s self to death; (of things) to get used up. =échinite= (é-ki-), _n.m._, (foss.) petrified sea-hedgehog, echinite. =échinope= (é-ki-), _n.m._, (bot.) echinops, globe-thistle. =échinophore= (é-ki-), _n.f._ and _adj._, (bot.) prickly samphire; echinophora; (conch.) univalvular shell. =échioïde= (é-ki-), _n.m._ (bot.). _V._ =vipérine=. =échiqueté=, =-e= (é-shik-té), _adj._, checkered; (her.) checky. =échiquier=, _n.m._, chess-board; exchequer; square net. _Ouvrage fait en —_; checkerwork. _En —_; in squares; (nav.) in bow and quarter line. =écho= (é-ko), _n.m._, echo. _Le jeu des —s_; echo-stop (in organs). _—s de lumière_; (paint.) reverberations of light. =échoir= (échéant, échu), _v.n._, to expire, to fall due, to be out, to lapse, to devolve; to chance, to happen, to fall, to fall out; to fall to. _Le premier payement doit — à Noël_; the first payment falls due at Christmas. _Cette lettre de change est échue_; that bill of exchange is due. _À —_; (of bills) running, not due. _Cela lui est échu en partage_; that fell to his lot. _Si le cas y échoit_, _s’il y échet_, _le cas échéant_; the case occurring; in such a case. =échomètre= (é-ko-), _n.m._, echometer. =échométrie= (é-ko-), _n.f._, echometry. =échoppage=, _n.m._, edging, scorping. =échoppe=, _n.f._, booth, stall; round _or_ flat graver; scalper; scorper, burin. =échopper=, _v.a._, to scorp, to edge. =échoppi-er=, =-ère=, _n.m._ and _f._, stall-keeper. =échouage=, _n.m._, (nav.) beaching, stranding. _Lieu d’—_; place proper for running a vessel aground. =échouement=, _n.m._, running aground, stranding. =échouer=, _v.n._, to run aground _or_ on shore, to cast away, to run against, to hit, to strand, to be stranded; to miscarry, to fail, to be disappointed. _La frégate échoua contre un rocher_; the frigate struck upon a rock. _— dans un examen_; to fail, to be plowed. =échouer=, _v.n._, (nav.) to strand, to run aground. =écimer=, _v.a._, to top, to pollard (trees). =éclaboussement=, _n.m._, splashing, bespattering. =éclabousser=, _v.a._, to splash, to bespatter. =éclaboussure=, _n.f._, splash; (nav.) spoondrift. =éclair=, _n.m._, lightning, flash of lightning, sort of chocolate cake; (chem.) shine. _—s de chaleur_; heat-lightning. _Il a passé comme un —_; he shot by like lightning. _Faire des —s_; to lighten. =éclairage=, _n.m._, lighting, illumination. _— au gaz_; gas-lighting, gas-light. _Gaz d’—_; illuminating gas, ethylene. =éclaircie=, _n.f._, glade, vista; opening, rift (in clouds, etc.). =éclaircir=, _v.a._, to clear, to brighten; to clarify; to thin, to make thin; to clear up, to elucidate, to illustrate, to explain, to throw a light on. _Cet auteur éclaircit bien des vérités_; that author illustrates many truths. _— une difficulté_; to clear up a difficulty. _Le temps éclaircit la vérité_; time brings truth to light. _— quelqu’un_; to enlighten any one, to instruct, to inform, any one. _Il faut l’en —_; he must be informed of it. _— une peau_; to gloss a skin. _s’_=éclaircir=, _v.r._, to clear, to brighten, to become clear or bright, to grow light; to be solved, to be explained, to be elucidated. _Le temps s’éclaircit_; the weather is clearing up. _Son teint commence à s’—_; her complexion is becoming clearer. _S’— d’une chose_; to inquire about or into a business, to inform one’s self about anything, to clear up a matter. _Il faut s’— sur cette affaire_; that affair must be cleared up. =éclaircissement= (-sis-mān), _n.m._, clearing up, explanation, illustration, elucidation, solution; hint, light, discovery, insight. _Avoir un —_, _en venir à un — avec quelqu’un_; to have an explanation, to come to an explanation, with any one. =éclaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) celandine. _La grande —_; swallow-wort, tetter-wort. _La petite —_; crowfoot, pilewort. =éclairé=, =-e=, _adj._ and _part._, lighted; enlightened; judicious; intelligent, clear-sighted. =éclairer=, _v.a._, to light, to give light to; to illuminate; to carry a light before, to show a light to; to enlighten, to instruct; to observe, to watch; (milit.) to reconnoiter; (paint.) to throw light in, to put light in. _Eclairez monsieur_; show a light to the gentleman. _Les bonnes lectures éclairent l’esprit_; the reading of good books enlightens the mind. _Il faut l’— de près_; he must be watched closely. _— une question_; to throw light upon a question. _s’_=éclairer=, _v.r._, to become enlightened; to instruct, enlighten, one another. =éclairer=, _v.n._, to sparkle, to shine, to brighten, to glitter. _v.imp._, to lighten. _Il éclaire_; it lightens. =éclaireur=, _n.m._, (milit.) scout. _Aller en —_; (milit.) to scout. =éclamé=, _adj._, broken-legged; broken-winged. =éclanche=, _n.f._, shoulder of mutton. =éclancher=, _v.a._, to unrumple (stuffs). =éclat=, _n.m._, shiver; splinter (of wood, stone, brick); brightness, refulgence, radiancy, resplendency, glitter, effulgence; clap, crash, noise; luster, pomp, richness, magnificence, glory, gaudiness (of colors); rumor, uproar. _Un — de pierre_; a fragment of stone. _Un — de bombe_; a splinter of a shell. _On ne saurait soutenir l’— du soleil_; there is no bearing the glare of the sun. _L’— des yeux_; the brilliancy of the eyes. _L’— et la pompe de son style_; the splendor and pomp of his style. _Un — de rire_; a burst of laughter. _Un grand — de voix_; a loud shout. _Action d’—_; splendid achievement; brilliant action. _Des personnes d’—_; eminent persons. _Cette action a fait —_; that action has made a great deal of noise. _Voler en —s_; to be shivered, to fly into a thousand pieces. =éclatant=, =-e=, _adj._, bright, sparkling, glittering, brilliant, radiant, dazzling, striking, gorgeous, effulgent, shining, signal, glorious; piercing, loud, shrill. _Tout — de lumière_; all radiant with light. _Son —_; shrill sound. _Bruit —_; crash. _Actions —es_; brilliant exploits. _Vengeance —e_; signal vengeance. =éclater=, _v.n._, to split, to shiver, to break in pieces, to burst; to crack, to clap; to cry out, to exclaim against, to fly into, to break out _or_ forth; to blaze out; to shine, to sparkle, to glitter, to flash, to irradiate. _Une bombe éclate en tombant_; a bomb bursts on falling. _Le tonnerre vient d’—_; there has just been a clap of thunder. _— de rire_; to burst out laughing. _— en injures_; to burst forth into abuse. _L’incendie éclata pendant la nuit_; the fire broke out during the night. _Faire —_; to shiver, to shatter; to splinter; to snap, to burst, to cause to explode; to vent, to give vent to; to brighten, to blaze forth; to show, to discover, to make appear. _s’_=éclater=, _v.r._, to split, to shiver, to fly into fragments, to burst. =éclectique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, eclectic. =éclectisme=, _n.m._, eclecticism. =écli=, _n.m._, (nav.) splinter. =éclié=, =-e=, _adj._, splintered, sprung (of masts, etc.). =éclipse=, _n.f._, eclipse, disappearance; absence. _Faire une —_; to vanish, to disappear. =éclipser=, _v.a._, to eclipse; to throw into the shade. _s’_=éclipser=, _v.r._, to be eclipsed _or_ darkened, to disappear, to vanish. _Il s’éclipsa tout d’un coup_; he suddenly disappeared. =écliptique=, _n.f._ and _adj._, (astron.) ecliptic. =éclisse=, _n.f._, (surg.) splint; splinter; cheese-wattle; stand; rib, side-piece (of violins, pails, tubs, casks, etc.) =éclisser=, _v.a._, (surg.) to splint. =éclogue=, _n.f._ _V._ =églogue=. =éclopé=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, cripple, halt; footsore, lame, badly hurt. _Il est tout —_; he is quite lame. =écloper=, _v.a._, to lame; to make lame; footsore. _S’—_, _v.r._, to become lame, footsore. =éclore=, _v.n._, to hatch; to blow, to open; to break, to dawn. _Les poulets commencent à —_; the chickens are beginning to pierce the shell. _Faire — des oiseaux_; to hatch birds; (fig.) to bring to light, to usher in; to give birth to, to produce, to bring out; to blow, open. =éclosion=, _n.f._, hatching; blowing, opening. =écluse=, _n.f._, lock, guard-lock, sluice, dam, mill-dam, wear, weir, flood-gate. _— de moulin_; mill-gate. _— à sas_; lift-lock. _— à vannes_; sliding flood-gate. _Déversoir à —_; weir. _— à marée montante_; tide-gate. =éclusée=, _n.f._, sluice-full of water; lockage. =écluser=, _v.a._, to build locks; to take a boat through a lock. =éclusier=, _n.m._, sluice-man, lock-keeper. =écobuage=, _n.m._, (agri.) weeding, burning of weeds. =écobue=, _n.f._, weeder, turfing iron. =écobuer=, _v.a._, to weed a field and burn the weeds. =écœurement=, _n.m._, disgust; sickening; anguish of heart. =écœurer=, _v.a._, to disgust; to sicken; (fig.) to shock; to dishearten. =écofrai= _or_ =écofroi=, _n.m._, (tech.) cutting-board. =écoinçon= _or_ =écoinson=, _n.m._, (mas., carp.) diagonal, angle-tie; angle stuff-bead; (carp.) jamb (of doors); (carp.) reveal (of windows). =écolage=, _n.m._, schooling. =écolâtre=, _n.m._, (theol.) doctor, teacher. =école=, _n.f._, school; college; scholastic philosophy; sect; training, practice; blunder. _Petite —_; day-school. _Maître d’—_; schoolmaster. _Camarade d’—_; schoolfellow. _— de droit_; law-school. _— de marine_; naval school. _— d’équitation_, _— de natation_; riding-school, swimming-school. _— communale_; parish-school. _Cela sent l’—_; that savors of pedantry. _Faire —_; to be at the head of a school _or_ sect; _or_ to be fundamental (of a doctrine); to found a school (of art, literature). _Dire les nouvelles de l’—_; to tell tales out of school. _Faire l’— buissonnière_; to play truant. _Faire une —_; (backgammon) to blunder in pegging one’s points. _Envoyer à l’—_; to peg. _Faire une —_; to commit a stupid blunder. _Basse —_; ordinary horsemanship. _Haute —_; high horsemanship. =écoli-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, schoolboy, schoolgirl, pupil, scholar, learner, a tyro. _En —_; boy-like. _Prendre le chemin des —s_; to go a roundabout way; to loiter. _Ce n’est qu’un —_; he is but a novice. _Tour d’—_; schoolboy trick. _Papier —_; exercise-paper. =écolleter=, _v.a._, to cut off, to round off. =éconduire=, _v.a._, to show out; to bow out; to dismiss; to put off, to refuse, to deny. _Il nous éconduit poliment_; he gives us a polite refusal. =économat=, _n.m._, stewardship; bursarship; bursary; steward’s _or_ bursar’s office. =économe=, _adj._, economical, saving, thrifty. _C’est une femme —_; she is a thrifty woman. _Être — de louanges_; to be sparing of praise. =économe=, _n.m.f._, steward, housekeeper, manager, economist, purser, bursar, treasurer (of colleges, hospitals). =économie=, _n.f._, economy; thrift. _Vivre avec —_; to live economically. _Faire des —s_; to put by money, to save money. _L’— de l’univers_; the disposition of the universe. _L’— du corps humain_; the harmony of the human body. _L’— d’un discours_; the management _or_ disposition of a speech. _Il n’y a pas de petites —s_; a penny saved is a penny earned, _or_ take care of the pence, etc. =économique=, _adj._, economic, economical, cheap. _Ménage —_; economical housekeeping. [_Economique_ is applied to things only: as, _fourneau —_; fuel-saving stove.] =économique=, _n.f._, economics. =économiquement= (-mik-mān), _adv._, economically. =économiser=, _v.a._, to economize, to save, to put by, to husband. _— ses forces_; to husband one’s strength. =économiste=, _n.m._, economist. =écope=, _n.f._, (nav.) scoop, skeet, ladle. =écorce=, _n.f._, bark, rind; peel; shell; outside, surface. _Oter l’—_; to peel. _Cet homme n’a que l’—_; he is but a superficial, a shallow man. _Juger du bois par l’—_; to judge of the inside by the outside. _Entre l’arbre et l’— il ne faut pas mettre le doigt_; you should not interfere in other people’s quarrels. =écorcement= _or_ =écorçage=, _n.m._, barking, stripping (of trees). =écorcer=, _v.a._, to bark, to strip, to peel. =écorché=, _n.m._, (paint.) figure without skin (for the study of the muscles). _à_ =écorche-cul=, _adv._, (l.ex.) sliding on the ground; against the grain, unwillingly. _V._ _à_ =rebrousse-poil=. =écorchée=, _n.f._, (conch.) conus (striated cone). _À l’—_; in lots _or_ small parcels. =écorchement=, _n.m._, excoriation; flaying, skinning. =écorcher=, _v.a._, to flay, to skin; to gall, to peel off, to rub off the bark; to take off the skin; to fleece. _— l’anguille par la queue_; to begin at the wrong end. _Cela écorche les oreilles_; that grates on one’s ears. _Ce procureur écorchait ses clients_; that attorney fleeced his clients. _— le français_; to speak broken French, to murder the French language. _Jamais beau parler n’écorcha la langue_; civility costs nothing. _Il crie avant qu’on l’écorche_; he cries out before he is hurt. _s’_=écorcher=, _v.r._, to tear off one’s skin, to get skinned, to gall _or_ be galled; (fig.) to speak ill of _or_ disparage one’s self. =écorcherie=, _n.f._, knacker’s yard; inn in which travelers are fleeced; expensive place; fleecing. =écorcheur=, _n.m._, knacker; flayer; fleecer. =écorchure=, _n.f._, scratch, excoriation; slight wound. =écorner=, _v.a._, to break the horns, the corners, of; to dog’s ear; to curtail, to impair, to lessen, to diminish. _Il fait un vent à — un bœuf_; it is blowing great guns. =écornifler=, _v.a._, to sponge upon, to hang on. =écorniflerie=, _n.f._, sponging, hanging on. =écornifleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, sponger, hanger-on. =écornure=, _n.f._, corner broken off, breaking at the edges, chipping. =écossais=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Scotsman, Scotswoman; Scottish. =écossaise=, _n.f._, Scotch plaid, plaid-stuff. =écosser=, _v.a._, to shell, to husk (peas or beans). =écosseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, sheller. =écot=, _n.m._, share (of a reckoning); reckoning; score; quota; company; stump (of a tree). _Payez votre —_; pay your share. _Parlez à votre —_; speak to your own company; mind your own business. _De tous —s_; meddling with everything. =écôtage=, _n.m._, stemming (of tobacco). =écôter=, _v.a._, to stem. *=écouailles=, _n.f.pl._, coarsest wool, tail wool. =écoulement= (é-kool-mān), _n.m._, flowing, running, draining; (com.) sale, output, outlet. _L’— de l’eau_; the flowing of water. _L’— de nos produits_; the sale of our commodities. =écouler=, _v.a._, to pour away; (com.) to drain; to sell. _s’_=écouler=, _v.r._, to run _or_ flow away; to pass away, to glide away; to slip away; (com.) to go off. _L’eau s’écoule_; water flows away. _L’argent s’écoule_; money slips away. _Le temps s’écoule_; time passes away. _Ces marchandises s’écoulent vite_; these goods sell fast, _or_ go off well, _or_ have a good sale, _or_ command a ready sale. =écourgeon=. _V._ =escourgeon=. =écourter=, _v.a._, to shorten, to dock, to crop; to curtail. _— un chien_; to crop a dog. _Cheval écourté_; cropped horse. _Nez écourté_; snub-nose. =écoutant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, listener, hearer; listening, attending. _Avocat —_; briefless barrister. =écoute=, _n.f._, hiding-place for listening; (nav.) sheet, main-sheet (cordage). _Être aux —s_; to be on the watch, on the look-out; to eavesdrop. _Entre deux —s_; both sheets aft. =écouter=, _v.a._, to listen; to hearken; to give hearing; to hear; to pay attention to; to mind. _— à la porte_; to listen at the door. _— les avis de quelqu’un_; to listen to any one’s advice. _— raison_; to listen to reason. _Ecoutez_; hark ye, look here, come! _Il n’écoute personne_; he heeds nobody. _Ne l’écoutez pas!_ never mind him! _Se faire —_; to obtain a hearing, to enforce obedience. _s’_=écouter=, _v.r._, to like to hear one’s self; to be over careful of one’s self; to indulge one’s self. _Il s’écoute trop_; he nurses himself too much. =écouteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, listener. _C’est un — aux portes_; he is an eaves-dropper. =écouteux=, _adj._, skittish, jibbing (of horses). *=écoutille=, _n.f._, (nav.) hatchway. _Fermer les —s_; to close the hatches. =écoutoir=, _n.m._, ear-trumpet. *=écouvillon=, _n.m._, scovel (of ovens); swab; mop; sponge (of a cannon). *=écouvillonner=, _v.a._, to sweep; to mop; to sponge (of a cannon). =écran=, _n.m._, screen; hand-screen; fire-screen. _— de toilette_; splash-guard. _— en bannière_; banner screen. =écrasage=, _n.m._, crushing; bruising. =écrasant=, =-e=, _adj._, crushing; humiliating; exorbitant, excessive; overwhelming; ruinous. =écrasé=, =-e=, _part._, crushed, ruined. _Nez —_; flat nose. _Taille —e_; squat figure (pers.). =écrasement= (é-krâz-mān), _n.m._, crushing; crush; bruising; squashing; overwhelming; destruction, ruin. =écraser=, _v.a._, to crush; to bruise; to weigh down, to overburden, to overwhelm; to bear down; to run over; to ruin; to squash. _— des groseilles_; to squash gooseberries. _J’ai manqué d’être écrasé par un carrosse_; I was near being run over by a coach. _Être écrasé de travail_; to be overwhelmed with work. _— d’impôts_; to overburden with taxes. _— ses rivaux_; to crush one’s rivals. =écraseur=, _n.m._, crusher, bruiser; steam-roller. =écrelet=, _n.m._, gingerbread, nut. =écrémer=, _v.a._, to take off the cream, to skim; to take the best of. =écrémoire=, _n.f._, skimmer; milk-skimmer. =écrêter=, _v.a._, to sweep off the top of a work, to dismantle with shot; to cut off the comb of a cock. =écrevisse=, _n.f._, crayfish; (astron.) Cancer. _Une — de mer_; a crawfish. _Rouge comme une —_; as red as a boiled lobster. _s’_=écrier=, _v.r._, to cry out, to exclaim. _V._ _s’_=exclamer=. *=écrille=, _n.f._, grate (of a fish-pond). =écrin=, _n.m._, casket, jewel-box _or_ case. =écrire= (écrivant, écrit), _v.a._, to write; to spell; to pen, to set down, to write word; to write to ask. _— quelque chose sur un registre_; to enter anything in a register. _Papier à —_; writing-paper. _— que_; to write to say that, to state that. _s’_=écrire=, _v.r._, to sign one’s self, to write one’s name; to be written, to be spelled; to write to each other. =écrit=, _n.m._, writing, written agreement; pamphlet. _Mot d’—_; short note; line; word. _Mettre_, _coucher_, _par —_; to set anything down in writing. =écrit=, =-e=, _part._, writ, written, fated. _Cela était — au ciel_; that was written above. _Il est — que je ne gagnerai jamais_; I am fated never to win. _C’était —_; it was bound to happen. =écriteau=, _n.m._, bill (poster); board; signboard. =écritoire=, _n.f._, ink-horn; inkstand. _— portative_; pocket inkstand. =écriture=, _n.f._, writing, hand, handwriting; scripture. _pl._, accounts, papers, documents, lawyer’s bills. _— coulée_; secretary-hand, running-hand. _Mauvaise —_; scrawl. _L’Ecriture sainte_; the Holy Scriptures, the Bible. _Commis aux —s_; copying clerk. =écriturer=, _v.n._, to do copying work. =écriturier=, =ère=, _n.m.f._, copying-clerk, copyist. *=écrivailler=, _v.a._, to scribble. *=écrivaillerie=, _n.f._, scribbling. *=écrivailleur=, _n.m._ _V._ =écrivassier=. *=écrivain=, _n.m._, writer, author; writing-master; captain’s clerk. _— public_; public scrivener, petition writer. =écrivassier=, _n.m._, (in the Channel Isles) solicitor; scrivener. =écriveu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, fond of _or_ always writing, scribbling. =écrou=, _n.m._, screw nut; female screw; jail- _or_ gaol-entry. _Livre_, _registre_, _d’—_; jail- _or_ gaol-book. =écrouelle=, _n.f._, freshwater shrimp. =écrouelles=, _n.f.pl._, king’s evil, scrofula. =écrouelleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._ and _n._, scrofulous; person affected with the king’s evil. =écrouer=, _v.a._, to enter in the jail- _or_ gaol-book; to imprison; to lock up. =écroues=, _n.f.pl._, bills of expense of the royal kitchen. =écrouir=, _v.a._, to hard-hammer (metal). =écrouissement=, =écrouissage=, _n.m._, hammer-hardening. =écroulé=, =-e=, _part._, fallen down, overthrown. _Un mur —_; a fallen wall. _Un empire —_; an overthrown empire. =écroulement= (é-krool-mān), _n.m._, falling in, falling down, crumbling down; wreck, ruin. _s’_=écrouler=, _v.r._, to fall in, to fall down, to fall to pieces; to break down; to collapse; to perish. _Cet édifice vint à s’—_; that building fell down. _La terre s’écroula_; the ground gave way. _Faire s’—_; to pull _or_ bring down. =écroûter=, _v.a._, to cut off the crust. _S’—_; to lose its crust (of bread). =écru=, =-e=, _adj._, unbleached, raw. _Fil —_, _soie —e_; raw thread, raw silk. _Toile —e_; brown holland. =écrues=, _n.f.pl._, wood of new and spontaneous growth. =ectropion=, _n.m._, (med.) eversion of the eyelids. ☉=ectype=, _n.f._, ectype. =écu=, _n.m._, shield; ☉crown, an obsolete French coin; ☉half a crown; money, cash; copy-paper. _Amasser des —s_; to hoard up money. _C’est le père aux —s_; he is a moneyed man. =écuage=, _n.m._, scutage, land-tax. =écubier=, _n.m._, (nav.) hawse-hole. *=écueil= (ékeu-i), _n.m._, reef, rock; sand-bank; breaker; peril, danger; obstacle; stumbling-block. _Donner sur un —_; to strike against a rock. _Le monde est plein d’—s_; the world is full of dangers. =écuelle=, _n.f._, porringer, bowl, basin. _Laver les —s_; to wash the dishes. _Des lavures d’—s_; dish-water, hog-wash. _Être propre comme une — de chat_; to be filthy, very dirty. =écuellée=, _n.f._, porringer-full, bowl-full. =écuisser=, _v.a._, to thin (trees at the foot). =éculer=, _v.a._, to tread down at heel. _s’_=éculer=, _v.r._, to wear down at the heel. =écumage=, _n.m._, skimming, scumming. =écumant=, =-e=, _adj._, foaming; frothy, seething. =écume=, _n.f._, froth, foam; scum, dross; dregs; slag; lather. _L’— de la mer_; the foam of the sea. _L’— de certains métaux_; the dross of certain metals. _L’— d’un cheval_; the foam of a horse. _Jeter de l’—_; to foam. _— de mer_; white talc; meerschaum; sea-ware. =écuménicité=, _n.f._ _V._ =œcuménicité=. =écuménique=, _adj._ _V._ =œcuménique=. =écuméniquement=, _adv._ _V._ =œcuméniquement=. =écumer=, _v.n._, to foam, to froth. _La mer écume_; the sea foams. _Il écumait de rage_; he was foaming with rage. =écumer=, _v.a._, to skim; to pick up; to gather, to collect, rake up. _— le pot_; to skim the pot. _— les marmites_; to be a sponger. _— les mers_; to scour the seas. =écumeur=, _n.m._, skimmer, collector; parasite, plagiarist. _— de marmites_; sponger, hanger-on. _— de mer_; sea-robber, sea-rover. =écumeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, frothy, foaming. =écumoire=, _n.f._, skimmer, scummer. =écurage=, _n.m._, scouring, cleaning. =écurer=, _v.a._, to scour, to cleanse. _— de la vaisselle_; to scour dishes. *=écureuil=, _n.m._, squirrel. =écureu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, scourer of kitchen utensils. _— de puits_; well-cleanser. =écurie=, _n.f._, stable; stabling; mews; stud; equipage. _Valet d’—_; stable-boy, groom, ostler. =écusson=, _n.m._, escutcheon; shield, coat of arms; (arch.) knob; (hort., nav.) escutcheon. =écussonner=, _v.a._, (hort.) to bud. =écussonnoir=, _n.m._, (hort.) budding-knife. =écuyer=, _n.m._, esquire, squire; equerry; riding-master; rider; wall hand-rail (of a staircase). _Il est bon —_; he is a good horseman. _— tranchant_; carver. _— de cuisine_; head cook; house-steward. _Grand —_; master of the horse. =écuyère=, _n.f._, horsewoman, female equestrian performer. _À l’—_; in riding fashion. _Bottes à l’—_; top boots, riding boots. =eczéma=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) (med.) eczema. =edda=, _n.f._, (_—s_) edda. =éden= (é-dè-n), _n.m._, Eden. =édenté=, =-e=, _adj._, toothless; (fig.) broken, edentate. _Vieille —e_; toothless hag. _Un peigne —_; a broken-toothed comb. =édenter=, _v.a._, to wear out, to break the teeth of objects such as combs, saws, etc.; to deprive of one’s teeth; to cause any one to lose his teeth. _La vieillesse nous édente_; old age causes us to lose our teeth. _s’_=édenter=, _v.r._, to lose its _or_ one’s teeth. =édentés=, _n.m.pl._, (zoöl.) edentata. =édicter=, _v.a._, to enact, to decree. _Peines édictées par la loi_; penalties enacted by law. =édicule=, _n.f._, small edifice, pavillon, kiosk. =édifiant=, =-e=, _adj._, edifying. =édificateur=, _n.m._, (l.u.) builder, constructor. =édification=, _n.f._, building, erection; edification. =édifice=, _n.m._, edifice, building, pile; structure, fabric. =édifier=, _v.a._, to build, to erect, to construct; to edify, to improve, to instruct, to enlighten, to satisfy. _Il m’a édifié sur son compte_; he told me all about him. =édile=, _n.m._, edile. =édilité=, _n.f._, edileship. =édit=, _n.m._, edict, decree. =éditer=, _v.a._, to publish, to edit (of books). =éditeur=, _n.m._, publisher. =édition=, _n.f._, edition. =édredon=, _n.m._, eider-down; eider-down quilt. =éducat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._, educator; teacher; educationalist. _adj._, educative, instructing. =éducati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, educative. =éducation=, _n.f._, education; breeding, rearing (of animals); training; manners. _Faire l’— d’un jeune homme_; to educate a young man. _Tenir une maison d’— de demoiselles_; to keep a boarding school for young ladies. _Il n’a point d’—_; he has no breeding. =édulcoration=, _n.f._, edulcoration; sweetening. =édulcorer=, _v.a._, (pharm.) to edulcorate, to sweeten. =éduquer=, _v.a._, (pop.) to bring up, to educate, children. =éfaufiler=, _v.a._, to reeve out (of textile fabrics). =effaçable=, _adj._, effaceable. =effaçage=, _n.m._, effacing; erasing. =effacement=, _n.m._, effacing, effacement; obliteration, blotting out; disappearance; humility, self-effacement; throwing back (of the shoulders). _Homme d’—_; man of retiring manner. =effacer=, _v.a._, to efface, to expunge; to wear out; to rub out; to strike out; to blot out; to scrape out, to scratch out; to wash away, to obliterate; to eclipse, to throw into the shade; to throw back (the shoulders); to surpass, to excel, to outdo. _— ses péchés par ses larmes_; to wash out one’s sins by one’s tears. _s’_=effacer=, _v.r._, to get obliterated; to wash out; to wear away; to keep in the background; to draw aside; to give way; to straighten one’s self; to throw one’s self well back. _Il s’effaça pour éviter le coup_; he drew aside to avoid the blow. =effaceu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, eraser. =effaçure=, _n.f._, blot, blotting out, obliteration, erasure. =effaner=, _v.a._, (agri.) to strip of leaves. =effaré=, =-e=, _part._, wild; scared; bewildered. _Un visage —_; a haggard, scared countenance. =effarement=, _n.m._, bewilderment, distraction, terror, affright. =effarer=, _v.a._, to terrify, to scare. _s’_=effarer=, _v.r._, to be scared, to take fright. =effarouchant=, =-e=, _adj._, terrifying, startling. =effarouchement=, _n.m._, scare, fright, affright, alarm, umbrage. =effaroucher=, _v.a._, to scare away; to startle, to shock, to give umbrage. _s’_=effaroucher=, _v.r._, to be scared, to be startled, to take umbrage or alarm; to take fright. =effecti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, effective, real, positive; (com.) in cash. _C’est un homme —_; he is a man of his word. =effectif=, _n.m._, (milit.) effective force; strength. =effection=, _n.f._, (geom.) effection. =effectivement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, in effect, really, actually, indeed, in fact; and to be sure; yes, so it is. =effectuer=, _v.a._, to effect, to execute, to accomplish; to carry out; to bring about; to work out. _s’_=effectuer=, _v.r._, to be effected, executed, accomplished; to take place; to take effect; to be carried out. =effémination=, _n.f._, effeminacy. =efféminé=, =-e=, _adj._, effeminate, womanish. _Air —_; effeminate look. =efféminer=, _v.a._, to effeminate, to enervate. =effendi= _or_ =efendi= (è-fān-di), _n.m._, effendi (Turkish title). =effervescence=, _n.f._, effervescence; excitement; ferment. =effervescent=, =-e=, _adj._, effervescent, effervescing; excited, excitable. =effet=, _n.m._, effect, consequence, result; performance, intent, execution; purpose; power (mec.); bill of exchange, bill. _pl._, goods; luggage; movables, chattels; funds; stocks. _Produire de l’—_; to make an impression. _Ces choses-là font un vilain —_; those things look bad. _Souscrire un —_; to sign a bill. _— à échoir_; running bill. _Faire les fonds d’un —_; to provide for a bill. _Faire-honneur à un —_; to honor a bill. _À double —_; double acting (mec.). _En —_; in reality, indeed. _Pour cet —_; to that end, for that purpose. _À l’— de_; to the end that, with a view to. _À quel —?_ to what purpose? to what end? _À —_; sensational, clap-trap. _Cela me fait cet —_; it seems so to me. _Faire de l’—_; to make a show; to be showy. _Faire l’— de_; to make one think of; to put one in mind. _— rétrograde_; (at billiards) screwing back. _— contraire_; screw. _— de côté_; side. *=effeuillaison=, _n.f._, fall of the leaves. *=effeuillement=, _n.m._, stripping off the leaves; defoliation. *=effeuiller=, _v.a._, to strip of leaves, to pluck; to pick to pieces (a flower). *_s’_=effeuiller=, _v.r._, to lose _or_ shed its leaves (of a tree, a flower). _Les roses s’effeuillent_; the roses are shedding their leaves. =efficace=, _adj._, efficacious, effectual, effective. =efficace=, _n.f._, efficacy, efficiency, virtue. =efficacement= (-kas-mān), _adv._, efficaciously, efficiently, effectually. =efficacité=, _n.f._, efficacy, efficiency. =efficient=, =-e=, _adj._, efficient. =effigie=, _n.f._, effigy. _Pendre en —_; to hang in effigy. =effigier=, _v.a._, to make an effigy of. =effilé=, _n.m._, fringe. =effilé=, =-e=, _adj._, slender, slim; sharp, fine, tapering. _Avoir la taille —e_; to have a thin, slender figure. =effiler=, _v.a._, to unweave, to ravel out, to unravel; to thin (the hair); (hunt.) to tire out the dogs. _s’_=effiler=, _v.r._, to ravel, to ravel out, to fray out; to taper. =effiloche=, _n.f._, untwisted silk, light refuse silk. =effilocher= _or_ =effiloquer=, _v.a._, to ravel out, to undo. =effiloque=, _n.f._ _V._ =effiloche=. =effilure=, _n.f._, raveled thread. =efflanqué=, =-e=, _adj._, lean, thin, lank, raw-boned; meager. _Style —_; meager style. =efflanquer=, _v.a._, to make lean, to emaciate. =effleurer=, _v.a._, to take the surface off; to pick, to pluck (flowers); to skim over, to skim the surface of, to glance at; to grace, to touch upon, to dip into. =effleurir=, _v.a._, (chem.) to effloresce. _s’_=effleurir=, _v.r._, to effloresce. =efflorescence=, _n.f._, efflorescence. =efflorescent=, =-e=, _adj._, efflorescent. =effluence=, _n.f._, (phys.) effluence. =effluent=, =-e=, _adj._, (phys.) effluent. =effluve=, _n.m._, effluvium. _pl._, effluvia. =effondrement=, _n.m._, (agri.) digging deep; trenching; falling in, sinking. =effondrer=, _v.a._, (agri.) to dig deep, to break in, to weigh down, to sink. _— une volaille_; to draw a fowl. _— du poisson_; to gut fish. _s’_=effondrer=, _v.r._, to fall in; to give way. *=effondrilles=, _n.f.pl._, grounds, sediment, dregs. _s’_=efforcer=, _v.r._, to strain, to strive, to make an effort, to exert one’s self; to struggle, to endeavor, to attempt. =effort=, _n.m._, effort, exertion, endeavor; force, strength; (nav., vet.) strain, weight; stress. _L’— de l’eau a rompu cette digue_; the force of the water has broken down that dyke. _Ce cheval a un —_; that horse is strained. _Faire un — sur soi-même_; to do one’s self violence, to strive to overcome one’s repugnance. _Se donner un —_; to overstrain one’s self, to sprain one’s back. =effraction=, _n.f._, breaking, breaking open, house-breaking. _Vol avec —_; burglary. =effraie=, _n.f._, white barn-owl; screech-owl. _s’_=effranger=, _v.r._, to become unraveled, to fray at the edges. =effrayant=, =-e=, _adj._, frightful, fearful, dreadful, terrific; appalling; grim, hideous. =effrayé=, =-e=, _part._, afraid, daunted, dismayed. =effrayer=, _v.a._, to fright, to frighten, to alarm, to terrify, to dismay. _s’_=effrayer=, _v.r._, to be frightened, to be startled, to take fright, to take alarm. _Il s’effraie de peu de chose_; he is soon frightened. =effréné=, =-e=, _adj._, unbridled, unrestrained, unruly; lawless; wild; frantic. _Passions —es_; unbridled passions. =effritement=, _n.m._, crumbling to dust; exhaustion (of land). =effriter=, _v.a._, (agri.) to exhaust (land). _s’_=effriter=, _v.r._, (agri.) to become exhausted; to crumble to dust. =effroi=, _n.m._, fright, terror, consternation; dread, dismay. _Porter partout l’—_; to carry consternation everywhere. =effronté=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, shameless, brazen-faced person; shameless, bold, brazen-faced. =effrontément=, _adv._, impudently, boldly, shamelessly. =effronterie= (é-front-rî), _n.f._, effrontery, boldness, impudence, shamelessness. _Il est plein d’—_; he is full of impudence. _Il a eu l’— de me menacer_; he had the effrontery to threaten me. _Payer d’—_; to brazen a thing out. =effroyable=, _adj._, frightful, dreadful, horrid, horrible, awful; downright; shocking; prodigious. _Elle est d’une laideur —_; she is frightfully ugly. =effroyablement=, _adv._, frightfully, horribly, dreadfully, awfully; shockingly. _Elle est — laide_; she is frightfully ugly. =effusion=, _n.f._, effusion, pouring out, overflowing, shedding. =éfourceau=, _n.m._, two-wheeled timber-carriage. =égagropile=, _n.m._, (vet.) wool-ball. =égal=, =-e=, _adj._, equal, uniform, like, alike; even, level, same. _Tout lui est —_; it is all one to him. _Une humeur —e_; an even temper. _Cela m’est —_; it is all the same to me. _C’est —, si j’avais su_; never mind, if I had only known. =égal=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, equal. _À l’— de_; in comparison of, as much as, equal to. _Traiter d’—_; to treat as one’s equal. _Sans —_; matchless. _D’— à —_; between equals; on equal terms. =également= (é-gal-mān), _adv._, equally, alike, impartially, uniformly; also, likewise, too. =égaler=, _v.a._, to equal, to make even, level; to come up to, to match, to emulate; to compare, to parallel. _s’_=égaler=, _v.r._, to render one’s self equal; to compare one’s self to. =égalisation=, _n.f._, equalization. =égaliser=, _v.a._, to equalize, to make level; to square accounts. _— un terrain_; to level a piece of ground. _S’—_; to find its own level. =égalitaire=, _adj._, based on equality, or on equal rights; leveling. =égalité=, _n.f._, (geom.) equality, parity; evenness, uniformity; congruity. _À — de mérite_; where there is equality of merit. _— d’âme_; equanimity. =égard=, _n.m._, regard, consideration, respect; deference, attentions. _Avoir —_; to pay regard. _Avoir — à quelque chose_; to be regardful of anything. _Avoir des —s pour_; to have consideration for, to pay regard, deference to. _En — à_; considering. _En — à la qualité_; considering the quality. _Avoir de grands —s pour quelqu’un_; to show great deference to any one. _Par — pour_; out of regard for. _Par — pour vous_; for your sake. _À l’— de_; respecting; with regard to. _À cet —_; in this respect. _À tous —s_; in all respects. =égaré=, =-e=, _part._, strayed; misguided, misled, roving, wild; mislaid; disordered, distracted, bewildered. _Brebis —es_; lost sheep. =égarement= (é-gar-mān), _n.m._, straying, losing one’s way; mistake, error; wildness (of the look); disorder, ill-conduct, excess, frenzy, bewilderment. _— d’esprit_; mental alienation. =égarer=, _v.a._, to mislead, to misguide; to bewilder; to impair (intellect); to lead astray, to lead into error; to mislay. _— quelque chose_; to mislay anything. _s’_=égarer=, _v.r._, to lose one’s way, to stray; to err; to mistake; to be led into error; to go astray; to ramble; to lose one’s self. _Il s’est égaré de son chemin_; he has lost his way. _Il s’égara dans la forêt_; he lost himself in the forest. =égarotté=, =-e=, _adj._, (man.) wither-wrung. =égayer=, _v.a._, to enliven, to divert, to make cheerful, to lighten, to raise (the spirits), to cheer, to cheer up; to thin (trees). _— un appartement_; to make an apartment lighter. _s’_=égayer=, _v.r._, to make merry, to be merry, to divert one’s self, to sport, to cheer up. _Il faut vous —_; you must cheer up. _Nous nous égayâmes à ses dépens_; we made merry at his expense. =égide=, _n.f._, Ægis (shield of Jupiter, of Pallas); shield, buckler, breast-plate; protector. _Il me sert d’—_; he is my protector. _Sous son —_; under his ægis; under his protection. =égilops= (-lops), _n.m._, (med.) egilops. =églantier= (-tié), _n.m._, (bot.) eglantine, woodbine, hip-tree, brier, dog-brier. _— odorant_; sweet-brier. =églantine=, _n.f._, (bot.) (flower) eglantine, hip, dog-rose, sweet-brier, woodbine. =églefin=, _n.m._, (ich.) haddock. =église=, _n.f._, church; chimney cowl; cowl. _L’— anglicane_; the church of England. _Un homme d’—_; a churchman, a clergyman. _Gueux comme un rat d’—_; as poor as a church mouse. =églogue= (-log), _n.f._, eclogue. ☉=égoïser=, _v.n._, to egotize. =égoïsme=, _n.m._, egotism, selfishness; (philos.) egoism. =égoïste=, _adj._, egotistic; selfish, egoistic. =égoïste=, _n.m.f._, egotist; (philos.) egoist. _C’est un —_; he is an egotist. =égopode=, _n.m._, (bot.) gout-weed, goutwort. =égorger=, _v.a._, to cut the throat of, to slaughter, to butcher, to kill. =égorgeur=, _n.m._, slaughterer, murderer. *_s’_=égosiller=, _v.r._, to make one’s throat sore, to make one’s self hoarse (with speaking); to bawl out, to strain one’s voice. =égotisme=, _n.m._, (ant.) egotism. =égotiste=, _n.m._, (ant.) (l.u.) egotist. =égout=, _n.m._, running or falling of water; sink, drain, sewer; eaves, projecting roof. _— collecteur_; main-sewer. =égoutier=, _n.m._, sewer-man. =égouttage=, _n.m._, drainage; draining, dripping. =égoutter=, _v.n._, to drain, to drip. =égoutter=, _v.a._, to drain, to let drop. _s’_=égoutter=, _v.r._, to drop, to drain. =égouttoir=, _n.m._, drainer, plate-rack. =égoutture=, _n.f._, drainings, drippings. =égrain= _or_ =égrin=, _n.m._, seedling pear _or_ apple tree. =égrainer=. _V._ =égrener=. _s’_=égrainer=. _V._ _s’_=égrener=. =égrappage=, _n.m._, picking (of grapes, currants, etc.). =égrapper=, _v.a._, to pick (grapes, currants, etc.) from the bunch. =égrappoir=, _n.m._, grape-picker (instr.). *=égratigner=, _v.a._, to scratch, to claw; (paint.) to stencil. _S’il ne mord pas, il égratigne_; if he does not bite he scratches. *=égratigneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, scratcher; (paint.) stenciler. *=égratignure=, _n.f._, scratch; slight wound. _Il ne saurait souffrir la moindre —_; he cannot bear the least thing _or_ hurt. *=égravillonner=, _v.a._, to ablaqueate. =égrefin=, _n.m._ _V._ =églefin=. =égrenage=, _n.m._, shelling, husking (grains); picking (grapes); (arts) ginning. =égrener=, _v.a._, to shell, to husk (grain); to pick from the bunch (grapes); (arts) to gin. _s’_=égrener=, _v.r._, to shell (of grain); to fall from the stalk; to shed seeds. *=égrillard=, =-e=, _adj._, sprightly, brisk, lively; free, broad. *=égrilloir=, _n.m._, weir, grate (to keep the fish in a pond). =égrisée=, _n.f._, diamond-dust. =égriser=, _v.a._, to clean, to rough-down, to cut (diamonds). =égrisoir=, _n.m._, diamond-dust box. =égrugeoir= (-joâr), _n.m._, mortar. =égruger=, _v.a._, to pound, to bruise. _— du sel_; to pound salt. =égueulé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, _adj._, (égheulé), broken-mouthed; (pop.) vulgar, foul-mouthed person. =égueulement= (é-gheul-mān), _n.m._, (artil.) breaking at the mouth of a cannon. =égueuler= (égheulé), _v.a._, to break off the mouth _or_ neck (of glass and other vessels). _s’_=égueuler=, _v.r._, to bawl till one’s throat is sore; (artil.) to break at the mouth (of a gun). =égyptien=, =-ne= (-si-in, -si-èn), _adj._, Egyptian. =égyptien=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, Egyptian; gipsy. =eh=, _int._, ah! well! _— bien!_ well! _— bien, soit_; well, be it so. =éhanché=, =-e=, _adj._ _V._ =déhanché=. =éherber=, _v.a._ _V._ =sarcler=. =éhonté=, =-e=, _adj._, shameless, brazen-faced. =éhouper=, _v.a._, to lop off the top (of a tree). =eider=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (orni.) eider, eider-duck. =éjaculateur=, _adj._, (anat.) ejaculatory. =éjaculation=, _n.f._, throwing out with force, discharge; ejaculation (fervent prayer). ☉=éjaculatoire=, _adj._ _V._ =éjaculateur=. =éjaculer=, _v.a._, (anat.) to throw out, to ejaculate, to discharge. =éjarrer=, _v.a._, to remove the coarse hairs (from furs). =éject-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, ejecting. _Tuyau —_; discharge pipe. =élaboration=, _n.f._, elaboration. =élaboré=, =-e=, _adj._, elaborate, wrought, labored. =élaborer=, _v.a._, to elaborate, to work out. =élagage=, _n.m._, (hort.) lopping; branches lopped off. =élaguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to lop, to prune; to curtail, to cut down, to cut out. _Elaguez ces détails inutiles_; cut out those useless particulars. =élagueur=, _n.m._, (hort.) pruner. =élan=, _n.m._, start, spring; dash, rush; sally, flight, glow, soaring; burst, outburst, transport; (mam.) elk, moose-deer. _Par —s_; by starts. _Prendre un —_; to take a spring, a flight. =élancé=, =-e=, _adj._, slender, slim, thin, lank. =élancement= (é-lāns-mān), _n.m._, shooting, twitch, twinge. _pl._, transports. =élancer=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to launch, to dart, to shoot. _s’_=élancer=, _v.r._, to bound, to shoot, to shoot _or_ to spring forth, to dart forth, to rush, to dash, to spring; to take one’s flight. _Il s’élança sur son cheval_; he leapt _or_ sprang on horseback. _Il s’élança sur l’ennemi_; he rushed upon the enemy. _S’— sur quelqu’un_; to spring upon any one. _Mon âme s’élança vers Dieu_; my soul soared up to God. =élancer=, _v.n._, to shoot, to twitch (of pain). =élanion=, _n.m._, (orni.) kite. _— martinet_; swallow-tailed kite. =élargir=, _v.a._, to stretch, to widen, to make wider, to let out; to enlarge, to release, to set at liberty. _— un habit_; to let out a coat. _— ses quartiers_; to extend one’s quarters. _— un compas_; to open a pair of compasses. _— un prisonnier_; to set a prisoner at liberty. _s’_=élargir=, _v.r._, to widen, to become wider; to enlarge; to stretch; to enlarge one’s estate; to set one’s self free. =élargissement= (-jis-mān), _n.m._, widening, enlarging; release, discharge (from prison). =élargissure=, _n.f._, piece let in; eking-piece. =élasticité=, _n.f._, elasticity, springiness. =élastique=, _adj._, elastic, springy. =élastique=, _n.f._, india-rubber; elastic-net; spring-side. =élatine=, _n.f._, (bot.) water-wort. =élavé=, _adj._, (hunt.) soft and discolored. =elbeuf=, _n.m._, Elbeuf-cloth. =eldorado=, _n.m._, (_—s_) El Dorado. =éléatique=, _n.m._, _adj._, eleatic. =électeur=, _n.m._, elector. =électi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, elective. =élection=, _n.f._, election, return, polling; choice, appointment. _Temps_, _lieu d’—_; (surg.) most favorable time, place, for performing an operation. _Solliciter des suffrages aux —s_; to solicit votes at elections. _Aux —s générales_; at the general election. =électoral=, =-e=, _adj._, electoral, elective. _Priver du droit —_; to disfranchise. =électorat=, _n.m._, electorate. =électrice=, _n.f._, Elector’s consort, Electress. =électricité=, _n.f._, electricity. =électrique=, _adj._, electric. _Secousse —_; electric shock. _Conducteur —_; electric conductor. =électrisable=, _adj._, electrifiable. =électrisant=, =-e=, _adj._, electrifying. =électrisation=, _n.f._, electrification. =électriser=, _v.a._, to electrify. _s’_=électriser=, _v.r._, to be electrified, to electrify. =électro-aimant=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) electro-magnet. =électro-chimie=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) electro-chemistry. =électro-dynamique=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) electro-dynamics. =électro-magnétisme=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) electro-magnetism. =électromètre=, _n.m._, (phys.) electrometer. =électro-négati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, electro-negative. =électrophore=, _n.m._, (phys.) electrophorus. =électro-positi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, electro-positive. =électroscope=, _n.m._, (phys.) electroscope. =électuaire=, _n.m._, electuary. =élégamment= (-ga-mān), _adv._, elegantly, stylishly. =élégance=, _n.f._, elegance, style. =élégant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, gentleman, lady, of fashion; swell, exquisite; elegant, fashionable, stylish. =élégiaque=, _adj._, elegiac. =élégiaque=, _n.m._, elegist. =élégie=, _n.f._, elegy. =élément=, _n.m._, element, hobby, favorite pastime; component part. _La chasse est son —_; hunting is his hobby. _Être dans son —_; to be quite at home (in anything). =élémentaire=, _adj._, elementary, elemental. =élémi=, _n.m._, (pharm.) elemi. =éléphant=, _n.m._, elephant. =éléphantiasis= (-tia-zis), _n.f._, (med.) elephantiasis. =éléphantin=, =-e=, _adj._, elephantine. =élevage=, _n.m._, (agri.) breeding, raising, rearing (of cattle). =élévateur=, _adj._, _n.m._, (anat.) elevator, elevatory; raising, lifting. =élévation=, _n.f._, elevation, lifting up, raising; rising ground, height, eminence; (persp.) view; exaltation; greatness (of soul); nobleness; (c.rel.) elevation of the host; rise (of prices); raised plan. _Il lui doit son —_; he is indebted to him for his promotion. _Il a beaucoup d’—_; he possesses great elevation of mind. _— dans le style_; loftiness of style. _— de côté_; side view (of a building). =élévatoire=, _n.m._, (surg.) elevator. =élève=, _n.m.f._, pupil, scholar; student; (nav.) midshipman. _— maître_ (_m._), _maîtresse_ (_f._); pupil-teacher, pupil, governess. _— en chambre_; parlor boarder. =élève=, _n.f._, (agri.) breeding (of cattle). =élevé= (él-vé), =-e=, _part._, raised, grand; heroic, eminent, stately, lofty; high (of prices); exalted. _C’est un jeune homme bien —_; he is a very well-bred youth. =élever= (él-vé), _v.a._, to raise, to raise up, to exalt, to lift up; to cast up; to ennoble; to erect, to rear up, to set up; to augment, to increase; to run up (of accounts); to bring up, to breed; to rear; to educate, to train up, to nurse, to foster. _— quelqu’un jusqu’aux nues_; to extol any one to the skies. _— la voix_; to raise one’s voice. _J’ai pris de la peine à — ces plantes_; I took some trouble to raise those plants. _s’_=élever=, _v.r._, to arise, to break out; to ascend, to mount, to go up, to run up; to amount; to be elevated; to increase, to augment; to run up (of accounts); to be started. _Une tempête s’éleva_; a storm arose. _Il s’éleva une querelle_; a quarrel broke out. _Les vapeurs s’élèvent de la terre_; vapors rise from the earth. _Celui qui s’élève sera abaissé_; he who exalts himself shall be humbled. _Les vagues s’élevèrent hautes et menaçantes_; the waves rolled high and threatening. =éleveur= (él-veur), _n.m._, elevator; cattle-breeder, grazier. =élevure= (él-vur), _n.f._, pimple, blotch, blain. =elfe=, _n.m._, elf (fairy). =élider=, _v.a._, (gram.) to cut off, to elide. _s’_=élider=, _v.r._, to be elided, to be cut off. _Cette lettre s’élide_; that letter is elided. =éligibilité=, _n.f._, eligibility, fitness. =éligible=, _adj._, eligible, fit. _s’_=élimer=, _v.r._, to wear out, to rub out. =élimination=, _n.f._, elimination, dismissal, expulsion; removal, rejection. =éliminer=, _v.a._, to eliminate, to strike out _or_ off, to expel, to discard, to dismiss, to remove; to delete. =élingue= (é-ling), _n.f._, (nav.) sling, strop. =élinguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, (nav.) to sling. =élire=, _v.a._, to elect, to choose, to return, to appoint, to designate. _— domicile_; to take up one’s abode. =élision=, _n.f._, elision. =élite=, _n.f._, choice, pick, select few, flower, prime. _L’— de l’armée_; the pick of the army. _J’ai eu l’— de ses livres_; I have had the pick of his books. _D’—_; picked, crack. =élixir=, _n.m._, elixir. =elle=, _pron._, she, her, it; =elles=, _pl._, they, them. _Je parle d’—_; I speak of her. _Je reviens à —_; I return to her. _Je lui parle_; I am speaking to her. _Je les lui donne à elle-même_; I give them to her, place them in her own hands. _Je les vois, —s et leur frère_; I see them and their brother. =ellébore=, _n.m._, (bot.) hellebore. _— noir_; Christmas-thorn, black hellebore. _Avoir besoin d’—_; not to be in one’s right senses. =elléborine=, _n.f._, (bot.) helleborine, bastard hellebore. =ellipse= (è-lips), _n.f._, (gram., geom.) ellipsis; ellipse. =ellipsoïdal=, =-e=, _adj._, ellipsoidal. =ellipsoïde=, _n.m._, (geom.) ellipsoid. =ellipticité=, _n.f._, ellipticity. =elliptique=, _adj._, elliptical. =elliptiquement=, _adv._, elliptically. =elme= (=Feu Saint=), _n.m._, corposant, Castor and Pollux. =élocution=, _n.f._, elocution. =éloge=, _n.m._, eulogium, eulogy, panegyric, encomium, praise, commendation. _Digne d’—_; praiseworthy. _Faire soi-même son —_; to sound one’s own praises. _Faire l’— d’un auteur_; to speak in praise of an author. _— funèbre_; funeral oration. =élogieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, full of praise, eulogistic, flattering. =élogiste=, _n.m.f._, (ant.) eulogist, writer of panegyrics. *=éloigné=, =-e=, _part._, removed, distant, wide, remote, far; absent, foreign. _Temps —s_; distant times. _Cause —e_; remote cause. _Il est fort — de le croire_; he is far from believing it. _Se tenir —_; to keep away, to stand aloof. _D’une manière —e_; distantly. *=éloignement= (é-loagn-mān), _n.m._, removal, removing; distance, remoteness; retirement; aversion, dislike; estrangement, unwillingness. _On voit Paris dans l’—_; Paris is seen in the distance. _Avoir de l’— pour le travail_; to have an aversion for work. *=éloigner=, _v.a._, to remove, to put away, to send away; to dismiss; to discard; to repudiate; to remove further; to waive; to avert; to banish; to drive away; to put off, to delay, to retard; to alienate, to estrange; to indispose. _— un sujet_; to waive a subject. _— les soupçons_; to discard suspicion. _— quelqu’un de_; to indispose any one (towards). _— quelqu’un de son pays_; to send any one away from his country. _Eloignez de vous ces mauvaises pensées_; dismiss such evil thoughts. _s’_*=éloigner=, _v.r._, to go away, to remove, to recede; to forsake; to withdraw; to ramble; to digress; to swerve; to deviate; to be different, to differ from, to dislike; (paint.) to appear in the distance; to be alienated, to be wanting, to fall off, to fail. _Ne vous éloignez pas_; don’t go far. _S’— de son devoir_; to deviate from one’s duty. _S’— de son sujet_; to digress from one’s subject. _Cette opinion s’éloigne de la mienne_; that opinion differs from mine. =élongation=, _n.f._, elongation; digression. =élonger=, _v.a._, (nav.) to sheer off, to lay alongside of, to run out a warp. =éloquemment= (-ka-mān), _adv._, eloquently. =éloquence=, _n.f._, eloquence, oratory. _— de la tribune_; parliamentary eloquence. =éloquent=, =-e=, _adj._, eloquent. =élu=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (person) elected, chosen, elect. =élu=, =-e=, _part._, elected, chosen, elect, appointed, designated, returned. =élucidation=, _n.f._, elucidation. =élucider=, _v.a._, to elucidate. =élucubration=, _n.f._, lucubration. =élucubrer=, _v.a.n._, to lucubrate. =éludable=, _adj._, evadible, eludible. =éluder=, _v.a._, to elude, to evade. =élyme=, _n.m._, (bot.) elymus, lyme-grass. =élysée=, _n.m._, (myth.) Elysium. _L’Elysée_; the residence (in Paris) of the President of the Republic. =élysée=, _adj._, Elysian. _Les champs —s_; the Elysian Fields. =élyséen=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, Elysian. =élysiens= (-īn), _adj.m.pl._, (myth.) Elysian. =élytre=, _n.m._, (ent.) elytron, wing-shell. =elzévir=, _n.m._, Elzevir (edition). =elzévirien=, =-ne=, _adj._, elzevirian, Elzevir. =émaciation=, _n.f._, emaciation. =émacié=, =-e=, _adj._, emaciated. *=émail=, _n.m._, enamel; (her.) tincture; (fig.) gloss, brilliancy. _— de Hollande_; Dutch blue. _Peindre en —_; to enamel. _Peinture en —_; enameling, enameled picture. _Peintre en —_; enameler. *=émailler=, _v.a._, to enamel; (fig.) to adorn, to embellish, to stud, to strew, to covet. *=émailleur=, _n.m._, enameler. *=émaillure=, _n.f._, enameling. =émanation=, _n.f._, emanation. =émancipation=, _n.f._, emancipation. =émanciper=, _v.a._, to emancipate. _s’_=émanciper=, _v.r._, to gain one’s liberty, to free one’s self; to take too much liberty, to get too free, to go beyond bounds, to forget one’s self, to play pranks. _Vous vous émancipez trop_; you are getting rather too free. =émaner=, _v.n._, to emanate. =émargement=, _n.m._, writing on the margin; marginal note; signature on the margin. =émarger=, _v.a._, to write, to sign, on the margin; to receipt; (fig.) to draw one’s salary; (tech.) to diminish the breadth of the margin of engravings, etc. =émarginé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) emarginate. =émasculation=, _n.f._, emasculation. =émasculer=, _v.a._, to emasculate. =embabouiner=, _v.a._, (fam., l.u.) to wheedle; to gammon. =emballage=, _n.m._, packing up, packing; package. _Toile d’—_; packing-canvas, pack-cloth. =emballer=, _v.a._, to pack up; to wrap up; to pack off; (fam. jest.) to send away, to pack off (any one), to look at, to quod. =emballeur=, _n.m._, packer; (pop.) bragger, bobby, policeman. =embander=, _v.a._, to tie up; to swathe. =embarcadère=, _n.m._, terminus; wharf; pier; steps, landing-stage. =embarcation=, _n.f._, small boat, craft; crew, passengers. =embardée=, _n.f._, (nav.) yaw, lurch. =embarder=, _v.a._ and _n._, (nav.) to yaw, to lurch. =embargo=, _n.m._, embargo. _Lever l’—_; to take on an embargo. _Mettre un — sur_; to lay an embargo on. *=embarillé=, =-e=, _adj._, barreled up. *=embariller=, _v.a._, to barrel, to barrel up. =embarquement=, _n.m._, embarkation, embarking, shipping, shipment. =embarquer=, _v.a._, to embark, to ship, to put on ship-board; to take on board; to see off. _On l’a embarqué dans une méchante affaire_; he has been drawn into some bad business. _s’_=embarquer=, _v.r._, to embark, to go on board, to take shipping; to put to sea, to sail, to set out; to engage. =embarras=, _n.m._, incumbrance, hindrance, impediment; embarrassment, difficulty, trouble, intricacy, fuss; perplexity, puzzle; (med.) derangement. _Cet homme fait bien de l’—_; that man makes a great fuss. _Être dans l’—_; to be in difficulties. _Se mettre dans l’—_; to get into trouble, into a scrape. _Je suis dans l’—_; I am at a loss. _Ce n’est pas l’—_; that’s easy enough; I see no objection. _Avoir l’— du choix_; to have too much to choose from. _— de voitures_; block of carriages. =embarrassant=, =-e=, _adj._, embarrassing, puzzling, awkward; perplexing, encumbering, cumbersome, troublesome. =embarrassé=, =-e=, _part._, embarrassed, entangled, perplexed, obstructed, constrained; out of countenance. _Être —_; to be at a loss. =embarrasser=, _v.a._, to embarrass, to hamper, to encumber, to obstruct; to clog, to trouble, to confound, to puzzle; to come amiss to, to inconvenience, to incommode; to insnare. _Être embarrassé de sa personne_; not to know what to do with one’s self. _Que cela ne vous embarrasse point_; do not trouble yourself about that. _Cette question l’a embarrassé_; that question puzzled him. _Il est embarrassé de répondre_; he is at a loss for an answer. _— une rue_; to obstruct a street. _s’_=embarrasser=, _v.r._, to entangle one’s self, to be embarrassed, entangled; to be solicitous about, to concern one’s self with; (med.) to be affected. _Il ne s’embarrasse de rien_; nothing ever troubles him. _Sa langue s’embarrasse_; his tongue begins to falter; his speech is impeded. =embasement=, _n.m._, (arch.) continuous base; basement. =embastillement=, _n.m._, imprisoning; surrounding with forts. =embastiller=, _v.a._, to imprison; to surround with forts. =embatage=, _n.f._, casing, tiring of wheels. ☉*=embatailler=, _v.a._, to embattle. =embâter=, _v.a._, to put on a pack-saddle; to saddle, to encumber. _On l’a embâté d’une affaire bien désagréable_; they have saddled him with a very disagreeable job. =embâtonner=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to arm with a cudgel. =embattés=, _n.m.pl._, periodical winds. =embattoir=, _n.m._, shoeing pit (for wheels). =embattre=, _v.a._, to case, to tire (a wheel). =embauchage=, _n.m._, hiring, engaging (workmen); tampering, gaining over, enticing away; enlisting, recruiting. =embaucher=, _v.a._, to hire, to engage (workmen); to entice away, to tamper with; to enlist, to recruit. =embaucheur=, _n.m._, hirer; recruiting-officer; recruiter, crimp. =embauchoir=, _n.m._, boot-tree; boot-last. =embaumement= (an-bôm-mān), _n.m._, embalming. =embaumer=, _v.a._, to embalm; to perfume, to scent. _v.n._, to smell very sweet. =embaumeur=, _n.m._, embalmer. =embecquer=, _v.a._, to feed (a bird); to bait (a hook). =embéguiner= (-ghi-), _v.a._, to muffle up; to infatuate, to bewitch. _s’_=embéguiner=, _v.r._, to be infatuated, to be bewitched, to become bigoted. =embelle=, _n.f._, (nav.) waist. =embellie=, _n.f._, (nav.) lull, momentary calm; favorable change; clearing. =embellir=, _v.a._, to embellish, to beautify; to adorn, to decorate, to set off. _— un conte_; to embellish a tale. _s’_=embellir=, _v.r._, to grow beautiful, to improve in beauty, to grow handsome. =embellir=, _v.n._, to beautify, to grow handsomer. _Elle ne fait que croître et —_; she grows taller and handsomer every day. =embellissement= (-lis-mān), _n.m._, embellishment, improvement, adornment. =embérize=, _n.f._, (zoöl.) bunting. _s’_=emberlucoquer=, _v.r._, (fam.) to be taken with, to be wedded to. *=embesogné=, =-e=, _adj._, (fam., jest.) busy, busily engaged. =embêtement=, _n.m._, (triv.) annoyance, bother; nuisance, bore. =embêter=, _v.a._, (triv.) to stupefy, to stultify, to besot; to annoy, to plague; to tease, to torment, to rile; to worry; to aggravate, to bore. _s’_=embêter=, _v.r._ (triv.) to feel dull, bored. =emblaison=, _n.f._, seed-time, sowing-time. =emblavage=, _n.m._, (agri.) wheat-sowing. =emblaver=, _v.a._, to sow with corn. =emblavure=, _n.f._, land sown with corn. _d’_=emblée=, _adv._, at the first, in a trice; at the first onset; at the first trial; there and then; straight off the reel. =emblématique=, _adj._, emblematical. =emblème=, _n.m._, emblem. _Être l’— de_; to be emblematical of. =emboire=, _v.a._, to imbibe; (sculp.) to coat (with oil or wax). _s’_=emboire=, _v.r._, (paint.) to get dull _or_ flat; to dry in. =emboîtement= (ān-boat-mān), _n.m._, fitting in, jointing, clamping. =emboîter=, _v.a._, to joint; to set (bones); to clamp, to fit, to fit in. _— le pas_; (milit.) to lock up. _s’_=emboîter=, _v.r._, to fit, to fit in. =emboîture=, _n.f._, socket, clamp; (pottery) collar. _L’— des os_; the juncture of the bones. =embolie=, _n.f._, (med.) embolism. =embolisme=, _n.m._, embolism. =embolismique=, _adj._, embolismic, embolismal. =embonpoint=, _n.m._, plumpness, corpulence, stoutness, obesity. _Prendre de l’—_; to get stout, to pick up flesh. _Perdre son —_; to fall away, to lose flesh. =emboquer=, _v.a._, to feed, to cram food down. _s’_=emboquer=, _v.r._, to cram food down one another’s throat. =embordurer=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to put in a frame, to frame. =embossage=, _n.m._, (nav.) bringing the broadside to bear. =embosser=, _v.a._, (nav.) to bring the broadside to bear. _s’_=embosser=, _v.r._, (nav.) to be brought to bear (broadside on). =embouché=, =-e=, _part._, entered (of boats); prompted, tutored. _Être mal —_; to be foul-mouthed, impertinent. =emboucher=, _v.a._, to put to one’s mouth (wind instruments); to prompt; to bit (a horse). _Il l’a bien embouché_; he gave him a good prompting. _s’_=emboucher=, _v.r._, (of rivers) to fall into; to empty, to discharge itself. =embouchoir=, _n.m._, boot-tree; mouth-piece (of instruments). =embouchure=, _n.f._, mouth-piece (of wind instruments); mouth (of a river, of a harbor); out-fall (engineering). =embouer=, _v.a._, (pop.) to cover with mud; to bemire; to vilify. =embouquement=, _n.m._, (nav.) entrance to a strait. =embouquer=, _v.n._, (nav.) to enter a strait. =embourbé=, =-e=, _part._, stuck fast (in the mud). _Il jure comme un charretier —_; he swears like a trooper. =embourber=, _v.a._, to put in the mire; to bemire. _— quelqu’un dans une mauvaise affaire_; to get any one into a troublesome business. _s’_=embourber=, _v.r._, to sink in the mud, to stick in the mire; to be involved (in any trouble). =embourrer=. _V._ =rembourrer=. =embourser=, _v.a._, to put into one’s purse; to receive; to pocket. =embout=, _n.m._, ferrule. =embouter=, _v.a._, to ferrule, to tip. =emboutir=, _v.a._, (gold.) to scoop out; (coppersmith’s work) to beat out; (arch.) to sheet; to stamp; to plate; to tip. =embranchement=, _n.m._, branch, branching off; branch-road; branch-line, junction (rail.). =embrancher=, _v.a._, (carp.) to put together; to join. _s’_=embrancher=, _v.r._, to branch off; to branch (of roads); to abut, to join. =embrasé=, =-e=, _part._, in flames, on fire; glowing, aglow, in a glow. =embrasement= (an-brâz-mān), _n.m._, conflagration, burning; combustion; kindling. =embraser=, _v.a._, to fire, to set on fire, to kindle, to inflame. _La guerre a embrasé toute l’Europe_; war has set all Europe ablaze. _s’_=embraser=, _v.r._, to kindle, to take fire, to glow, to be aglow, to be inflamed. _Cette matière s’embrase facilement_; that stuff easily catches fire. =embrassade=, _n.f._, embrace, hug, kissing, kiss. =embrasse=, _n.f._, curtain-loop, curtain-band. =embrassé=, =-e=, _part._, embraced. _Ils se tenaient —s_; they remained locked in each other’s arms. =embrassement= (an-bras-mān), _n.m._, embrace. =embrasser=, _v.a._, to embrace, to clasp; to kiss; to encompass, to encircle, to comprehend, to comprise, to take in, to include; to seize, to avail one’s self of, to undertake. _Qui trop embrasse, mal étreint_; grasp all, lose all. _— la querelle de quelqu’un_; to espouse any one’s quarrel. _— une occasion_; to seize, to avail one’s self of, an opportunity. _s’_=embrasser=, _v.r._, to embrace, _or_ to kiss, one another. =embrasseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (fam., l.u.) embracer, kisser. =embrassure=, _n.f._, band of iron, binder. =embrasure=, _n.f._, embrasure; recess. =embrayage=, _n.m._, connecting (of wheels); coupling gear (motor). =embrayer=, _v.a._, to engage, to connect (man.). =embrelage=, _n.m._, lashing. =embreler=, _v.a._, to lash (a wagon load). =embrener=, _v.a._, (l.ex.) to dirty, to soil. _S’— dans quelque affaire_; to entangle one’s self in a dirty piece of business. =embrèvement=, _n.f._, (carp.) mortise, franking. =embrever=, _v.a._, (carp.) to mortise, to frank, to join. =embrigadement=, _n.m._, (milit.) brigading; enlisting, recruiting. =embrigader=, _v.a._, (milit.) to brigade; to form into brigades. =embrocation=, _n.f._, embrocation. =embrochement=, _n.m._, spitting (of meat). =embrocher=, _v.a._, to spit, to put upon the spit. _— quelqu’un_; to run any one through the body. =embroucher=, _v.a._, to overlap, overlay (tiles, etc.). *=embrouillé=, =-e=, _part._, perplexed, intricate; entangled, obscure. *=embrouillement= (an-brou-i-mān), _n.m._, embroiling, confusion, intricacy, perplexity. =embrouiller=, _v.a._, to embroil, to confuse, to confound, to jumble up; to perplex, to obscure. *_s’_=embrouiller=, _v.r._, to become intricate _or_ entangled; to get confused; (fam.) to get fuddled, muddled. =embrouilleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, mar-plot; blunderer. =embroussaillé=, =-e=, _adj._, covered with brushwood, bushy, matted, intricate. =embruiné=, =-e=, _adj._, (agri.) spoilt by drizzle. =embrumé=, =-e=, _adj._, foggy, misty, hazy. =embrumer=, _v.a._, to overcast, to cover with fog _or_ mist. _S’—_; to be covered with fog, to get misty, hazy. =embrun=, _n.m._, (nav.) spray. =embrunir=, _v.a._, to brown. =embryogénie=, _n.f._, embryogeny. =embryographie=, _n.f._, embryography. =embryologie=, _n.f._, embryology. =embryon=, _n.f._, embryo; (bot.) germ; little bit of a man; dwarf, shrimp. =embryonnaire=, _adj._, embryonic. =embu=, =-e=, _part._ of =emboire=, soaked in, dried in. =embu=, _n.m._, (paint.) dulness, flatness (of pictures). =embûche=, _n.f._, snare, ambush. _Dresser des —s_; to lay snares. =embûcher=, _v.a._, to begin cutting (trees); to drive back, to covert (hunt.). _S’—_; to return, to covert. =embuscade=, _n.f._, ambuscade; ambush; lurking-place, snare. _Être_, _Se mettre_, _Se tenir_, _en —_; to lie _or_ be lying in wait, in ambush. =embusquer=, _v.a._, to ambuscade, to post. _s’_=embusquer=, _v.r._, to lay in ambuscade, to lie in wait. =émender=, _v.a._, to amend, to correct. =émeraude= (é-mrôd), _n.f._, emerald. =émergence=, _n.f._, (phys.) emersion, emergence. =émergent=, _adj._, (phys.) emergent. =émerger=, _v.n._, to emerge, to rise out. =émeri= (é-mri), _n.m._, (min.) emery. _Bouché à l’—_; with a ground stopper. *=émerillon=, _n.m._, whirl (for weaving); (nav.) swivel-hook. *=émerillon=, _n.m._, (orni.) stone-falcon, merlin. *=émerillonné=, =-e=, _adj._, brisk, sprightly, wide-awake, lively. =émerisé=, =-e=, _adj._ _Papier —_; emery paper. _Toile —e_; emery cloth. =émérite=, _adj._, emeritus; retired, pensioned, superannuated; practised, adept. =émersion=, _n.f._, emersion. =émérus=, _n.m._, (bot.) bastard-senna, colutea. *=émerveillement=, _n.m._, wonder, astonishment. *=émerveiller=, _v.a._, to astonish, to amaze. *_s’_=émerveiller=, _v.r._, to marvel, to wonder, to be astonished. =émétique=, _n.m._, _adj._, emetic, puke, vomit; emetical. =émétiser=, _v.a._, (pharm.) to add emetic to a mixture; to treat with emetics. =émettre=, _v.a._, to put in circulation, to utter; to emit, to issue, to give out, to put forth, to express. =émeu=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) emu. =émeute=, _n.f._, riot, disturbance, commotion, uproar, tumult; rising, mutiny. _Chef d’—_; ringleader. =émeuter=, _v.a._, to rouse, to stir up, to excite. =émeutier= (-tié), _n.m._, rioter. =émier=, _v.a._ _V._ =émietter=. =émiettement=, _n.m._, crumbling. =émietter=, _v.a._, to crumble. _s’_=émietter=, _v.r._, to crumble. =émigrant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, emigrant; emigrating. =émigration=, _n.f._, emigration, migration. =émigré=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, emigrant; refugee. =émigrer=, _v.n._, to emigrate; to migrate. =émincé=, _n.m._, (cook.) mince; thin slices. =émincer=, _v.a._, to mince (meat). =éminemment= (-na-mān), _adv._, eminently, in a high degree. =éminence=, _n.f._, eminence; elevation, rising ground, height. =éminent=, =-e=, _adj._, eminent, high, lofty, conspicuous. =éminentissime=, _adj._, most eminent. =émir=, _n.m._, Ameer, Emir. =émissaire=, _n.m._, emissary; (tech.) overflow pipe, overflow channel. _Bouc —_; scape-goat. =émission=, _n.f._, emission, issue, uttering, putting into circulation. =emmagasinage=, _n.m._, warehousing. =emmagasiner=, _v.a._, to warehouse, to store. =emmaigrir=, _v.a._ _V._ =amaigrir=. *=emmaillotement=, _n.m._, swaddling, swathing. *=emmailloter=, _v.a._, to swaddle, to swathe, to bind up in swaddling clothes. =emmanchement= (an-mansh-mān), _n.m._, (paint., sculpt.) joining, hafting, helving; putting a handle. =emmancher=, _v.a._, to put a handle to, to haft, to helve; to begin, to set about. _Affaire mal emmanchée_; ill-managed affair. _s’_=emmancher=, _v.r._, to fit in, to be begun; to be done. _Cela ne s’emmanche pas ainsi_; that is not the way to set to work. =emmancher=, _v.n._, (nav.) to enter the channel. =emmancheur=, _n.m._, handle-maker. =emmanchure=, _n.f._, arm-hole. =emmannequiner=, _v.a._, to put in hampers; to basket (plants). =emmantelé=, =-e=, _adj._, covered with a cloak; (fort.) ☉fortified. _Corneille —e_; hooded-crow. ☉=emmanteler=, _v.a._, (fort.) to wall-round. =emmariné=, =-e=, _adj._, accustomed to the sea. =emmariner=, _v.a._, to man (a ship); to accustom to the sea. _s’_=emmariner=, _v.r._, to be manned (of a ship); to get accustomed to the sea. =emmêlé=, =-e=, _adj._, entangled. =emmêler=, _v.a._, to entangle. _s’_=emmêler=, _v.r._, to get entangled. =emménagement= (an-mé-naj-mān), _n.m._, removal, installation. _pl._, (nav.) internal arrangements, accommodation. =emménager=, _v.n._, to move in. _s’_=emménager=, _v.r._, to move in. =emménagogue=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (med.) emmenagogue. =emmener= (an-mné), _v.a._, to carry away, to take away, to lead away, to fetch away, to convey away. _Il l’a emmené dans sa voiture_; he took him away in his carriage. _Emmenez-le!_ off with him! =emmenotter=, _v.a._, to handcuff, to manacle. =emmeuler=, _v.a._, to stack hay. =emmiellé=, =-e=, _adj._, honeyed, sweet, soft. _Paroles —es_; honeyed words. =emmieller=, _v.a._, to honey; to sweeten with honey; to cajole. =emmiellure=, _n.f._, (vet.) a resolvent plaster. =emmitonner=, _v.a._, to wrap up; to wheedle, to coax. =emmitoufler=, _v.a._, to muffle up. =emmortaiser=, _v.a._, to mortise, to set in a mortise. _s’_=emmortaiser=, _v.r._, to mortise. =emmotté=, =-e=, _adj._, (of roots of trees) covered with soil. =emmuseler=, _v.a._, to muzzle. =émoi=, _n.m._, emotion, anxiety, flutter, ferment. _Mettre en —_; to put in a flutter, a ferment. _Être en —_; to be agitated _or_ in a ferment. =émollient=, =-e=, _adj._, emollient, softening. =émollient=, _n.m._, emollient. =émolument=, _n.m._, emolument, fee, perquisite. _pl._, salary. =émolumentaire=, _adj._, emolumental. =émolumenter=, _v.n._, to profit; to get fees, perquisites. =émonctoire=, _n.m._, (med.) emunctory. =émondage=, _n.m._, pruning, lopping, trimming. =émonde=, _n.f._, dung (of birds of prey). =émonder=, _v.a._, to prune, to lop. =émondes=, _n.f.pl._, branches lopped off; trash, refuse. =émondeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, pruner, trimmer, dresser. =émorfiler=, _v.a._, to beard off; to blunt. =émotion=, _n.f._, emotion; stir, commotion. =émottage=, _n.m._, clod-crushing. =émotter=, _v.a._, (agri.) to break clods of earth. =émottoir=, _n.m._, (agri.) roller, clod-breaker. =émoucher=, _v.a._, to drive flies away; to clear of flies. =émouchet=, _n.m._, sparrow-hawk. _Donner l’— à une peau_; to soak a hide. =émouchette=, _n.f._, fly-net (for horses). =émoucheu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (pers.) fly-fanner. =émouchoir=, _n.m._, fly-flap. =émoudre=, _v.a._, to whet, to grind, to sharpen. _— des couteaux_; to grind knives. _Faire — des ciseaux_; to have scissors ground. =émouleur=, _n.m._, knife-grinder. =émoulu=, =-e=, _part._, ground. _Frais — de_; fresh from, just come from. _Il est frais — du collège_; he is fresh from college. _Combattre à fer —_; to fight with sharp weapons. =émoussage=, _n.m._, (agri.) emuscation. =émoussé=, =-e=, _part._, blunt; dull. _Un esprit —_; a dull mind. _Des sens —s_; deadened senses. _Etat —_; bluntness. =émousser=, _v.a._, to make blunt; to take off the edge; to dull; to take the moss off trees; to deaden. _— un rasoir_; to take the edge off a razor. _s’_=émousser=, _v.r._, to get blunt; to become dull; to be, to become, deadened _or_ blunted. _La pointe de ce couteau s’est émoussée_; the point of this knife is blunted. =émoussoir=, _n.m._, moss-scraper. *=émoustillé=, =-e=, _adj._, brisk, sprightly. *=émoustiller=, _v.a._, to exhilarate, to put into spirits. _S’—_; to bestir one’s self; to look alive. =émouvant=, _adj._, touching, moving, affecting, stirring. =émouvoir=, _v.a._, to move, to stir up; to agitate, to provoke; to rouse; to raise; to affect, to touch. _Il sait l’art d’— les passions_; he knows how to stir up the passions. _Il est ému de crainte_; he is moved with fear. _— une sédition_; to raise a sedition. _s’_=émouvoir=, _v.r._, to rise; to be roused; to be stirred up. _Il s’émut à la vue du péril_; he was troubled at the sight of the danger. _Il s’émeut de rien_; the least thing upsets him. *=empaillage=, _n.m._, stuffing (animals). *=empaillement=, _n.m._, bottoming (with straw); stuffing (animals). *=empaillé=, =-e=, _part._, stuffed. *=empailler=, _v.a._, to pack in straw; to stuff (birds); to straw bottom. _— des ballots_; to pack up bales in straw. _— une plante_; to wrap straw round a plant. *=empailleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, chair-mender; bird-stuffer. =empalement= (an-pal-mān), _n.m._, impalement; (tech.) paddle-door, shuttle. =empaler=, _v.a._, to impale. =empan=, _n.m._, span. =empanacher=, _v.a._, to plume, to adorn with a plume. _— un casque_; to adorn a helmet. =empanner=, _v.a._, (nav.) to bring to. _v.n._, to tie to. =empaquetage=, _n.m._, packing. =empaqueter= (an-pak-té), _v.a._, to pack up, to make up into a bundle, to do up. _s’_=empaqueter=, _v.r._, to wrap up. _Il s’empaqueta dans son manteau_; he wrapped himself up in his cloak. _s’_=emparer=, _v.r._, to possess one’s self of; to make one’s self master of; to take possession of, to seize, to secure; to engross (conversation); to master. _S’— d’un héritage_; to seize upon an inheritance. =empâtement=, _n.m._, stickiness, clamminess; cramming (of poultry); (surg.) puffiness. =empâter=, _v.a._, to make clammy, sticky; to cram (fowls); (paint.) to impaste. _Cela m’a empâté les mains_; that has made my fingers sticky. _Face empâtée_; pudding face. =empattement=, _n.m._, footing, foundation, base, basement; (tech.) platform (of a crane); (nav.) splicing. =empaumer=, _v.a._, to grasp; to take possession of; to gain over; (at tennis) to strike with the palm of the hand _or_ with a bat. _— la voie_; (hunt.) to catch the scent. =empaumure=, _n.f._, top-antlers; palm-piece of a glove. =empeau=, _n.m._, (hort.) flute-grafting. =empêchable=, _adj._, preventable. =empêché=, =-e=, _part._, hindered, at a loss. _Être — de sa personne_; to be greatly embarrassed. _Faire l’—_; to affect to be busy. =empêchement= (an-pêsh-mān), _n.m._, hindrance, obstacle, impediment, opposition, obstruction, difficulty; objection. _Lever tous les —s_; to remove all obstacles. _Apporter de l’— à quelque chose_; to throw impediments in the way of anything. _Je n’y mets point d’—_; I do not oppose it. =empêcher=, _v.a._, to oppose, to prevent; to hinder, to obstruct, to impede, to put a stop to. _— un mariage_; to oppose a marriage. _Cette muraille empêche la vue_; this wall obstructs the view. _Cela n’empêcha pas qu’il ne le fît_; that did not prevent him from doing it (_i.e._, he did it all the same). _Il m’empêche de travailler_; he hinders me from working. _L’un n’empêche pas l’autre_; the one does not bar the other. _Cela n’empêche pas que_; and yet, for all that. _s’_=empêcher=, _v.r._, to forbear, to refrain from, to keep from, to abstain. _Il ne saurait s’— de médire_; he cannot keep from slandering. _Je ne saurais m’empêcher de le faire_; I cannot help doing it. *=empeigne=, _n.f._, upper leather; vamp. =empellement=, _n.m._, sluice, dam. =empennelage=, _n.m._, backing an anchor. =empenneler=, _v.a._, to back an anchor. =empennelle=, _n.f._, small anchor; kedge. =empenner=, _v.a._, to feather arrows. =empenoir=, _n.m._, lock-chisel. =empereur=, _n.m._, emperor. =empesage=, _n.m._, starching. =empesé=, =-e=, _part._, starched; (of style) stiff, formal. =empeser=, _v.a._, to starch; (nav.) to wet (sails). _— un jabot_; to starch a frill. _S’—_; to be starched. =empeseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, starcher. =empester=, _v.a._, to infect, to taint. _v.n._, to stink horribly. =empêtré=, =-e=, _part._, entangled. =empêtrer=, _v.a._, to entangle, to embarrass, to hamper, to saddle, to fetter. _— quelqu’un dans une mauvaise affaire_; to involve any one in a disagreeable business. _s’_=empêtrer=, _v.r._, to become entangled, hampered, embarrassed. =emphase=, _n.f._, magniloquence, pomposity; emphasis, stress. =emphatique=, _adj._, bombastic, affected; emphatic. =emphatiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, bombastically, pompously, emphatically. =emphractique=, _n.m._, _adj._, (pharm.) emphractic. =emphysème=, _n.m._, (med.) emphysema. =emphytéose=, _n.f._, long lease, feudal holding. =emphytéote=, _n.m._, tenant on a long lease. =emphytéotique=, _adj._, emphyteutic. _Bail —_; very long lease. _Redevance —_; ground-rent. =empiècement=, _n.m._, yoke (of blouse). =empierrement=, _n.m._, stoning, metalling, ballasting; broken stones; metaled road. =empierrer=, _v.a._, to stone, to metal (roads). =empiètement=, _n.m._, encroaching, encroachment; infringement; trespass. =empiéter=, _v.a._, to encroach, to make encroachments, to intrench upon, to invade, to usurp. =empiéter=, _v.n._, to encroach. _La mer empiète sur la côte_; the sea encroaches upon the coast. _Il empiète sur mes droits_; he encroaches upon my rights. =empiffrer=, _v.a._, to cram, to stuff. _s’_=empiffrer=, _v.r._, to cram, to stuff. =empile=, _n.f._, (pisc.) gut-line. =empilement=, _n.m._, piling; stacking. =empiler=, _v.a._, to pile up; to stack; to bin; to fasten (hook). =empileur=, _n.m._, stacker. =empirance=, _n.f._, damage (to goods in transit). =empire=, _n.m._, empire, sovereignty; authority; reign; sway, dominion, command, ascendency; dominions. _Bas-—_; Lower Empire. _L’humide —_; (poet.) the sea. _— d’Occident_, _d’Orient_; the Western, the Eastern, Empire. _Vous avez un — absolu sur moi_; you have absolute command over me. _Avoir de l’— sur quelqu’un_; to sway any one. _Traiter quelqu’un avec —_; to treat one imperiously, with haughtiness. _Avoir de l’— sur soi_; to have control over one’s passions. _Se disputer l’—_; to contend for sovereignty. =empirée=, _n.m._ _V._ =empyrée=. =empirement=, _n.m._, aggravation. =empirer=, _v.a._, to make worse. =empirer=, _v.n._, to grow worse. _Sa maladie empire chaque jour_; his illness gets worse every day. _La chose empira_, matters grew worse. =empirique=, _adj._, empiric, empirical. =empirique=, _n.m._, empiric. =empiriquement=, _adv._, empirically. =empirisme=, _n.m._, empiricism. =emplacement= (an-plas-mān), _n.m._, site, ground, piece of ground, place, spot. =emplanture=, _n.f._, (nav.) step (of a mast). =emplastration=, _n.f._, (hort.) budding. =emplastrer=, _v.a._, to bud. =emplâtre=, _n.m._, plaster, salve, ointment; helpless creature. _Mettre un — à_; (med.) to put a plaster on. _Mettre un — à une affaire_; to patch up a business. _C’est un véritable —_; he is fit for nothing. =emplette=, _n.f._, purchase. _Faire — de quelque chose_; to purchase anything. _Faire des —s_; to go shopping. =emplir=, _v.a._, to fill, to fill up. _s’_=emplir=, _v.r._, to fill; to be filled. =emploi=, _n.m._, employ, employment; situation, place, post; entry (of accounts); (theat.) line of business; (fin.) appropriation. _— abusif_; misemployment. _Faux —_; false item. _Faire un bon — de son temps_; to make a good use of one’s time. _Double —_; useless repetition. _Donner de l’—_; to give employment. _Sans —_; out of employment. =employé=, _n.m._, clerk, person employed, employé, official. =employer=, _v.a._, to employ, to use, to make use of; to bestow; to devote; to spend; to lay out, to invest. _Bien — son temps_; to employ one’s time well. _— son temps à l’étude_; to spend one’s time in study. _— une phrase_; to use a phrase. _— mal_; to misemploy. _— le vert et le sec_; to leave no stone unturned. _Je l’ai employé à cela_; I set him to work on that. _— une somme en recette_; (com.) to enter a sum as received. _s’_=employer=, _v.r._, to employ, to exert, one’s self; to use one’s interest. _— pour quelqu’un_; to use one’s interest in any one’s favor. =emplumer=, _v.a._, (mus.) to feather, to fledge; to quill. _— un clavecin_; to quill a harpsichord. _s’_=emplumer=, _v.r._, to become fledged; to feather one’s nest; (pop.) to pick up flesh. _Il s’est bien emplumé dans cette maison_; he feathered his nest well in that house. =empocher=, _v.a._, (fam.) to pocket. _Il empoche tout ce qu’il gagne_; he pockets all his winnings. =empoignement=, _n.m._, grasping; capture, arrest. *=empoigner=, _v.a._, to grasp, to seize, to lay hold of; to take up, to take into custody. _Cela est trop gros, on ne saurait l’—_; that is too thick, it is impossible to grasp it. _Je vous ferai —_; I shall have you taken up. *_s’_=empoigner=, _v.r._, to lay hold of each other. _Ils se sont empoignés_; they laid hold of each other, they had a set-to. =empointer=, _v.a._, to stitch; to point (pins, needles). =empointeur=, _n.m._, stitcher; pointer. =empois=, _n.m._, starch. =empoisonné=, =-e=, _part._, poisoned; poisonous. =empoisonnement= (-poâ-zo-n-mān), _n.m._, poisoning. =empoisonner=, _v.a._, to poison; to infect; to mar, to corrupt; to embitter, to envenom. _Ces maximes sont capables d’— la jeunesse_; these maxims are calculated to corrupt the young. _s’_=empoisonner=, _v.r._, to poison one’s self. =empoisonneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, poisoner, corrupter; wretched cook. =empoisser=, _v.a._ _V._ =poisser=. =empoissonnement= (-poâ-so-n-mān), _n.m._, stocking with fish. =empoissonner=, _v.a._, to stock with fish. =emporté=, =-e=, _adj._, fiery, passionate, hasty, hot, hot-headed; runaway; unmanageable. =emportement=, _n.m._, transport; passion, fit of passion; hastiness; outburst; anger, rage; frenzy, violence. =emporte-pièce=, _n.m._, punch (instrument); puncher; cutting-out machine; fly-press; sarcastic person; virulent satirist. _C’est une réponse à l’—_; it is a very cutting answer. =emporter=, _v.a._, to carry away, to take away, to sweep away, to convey away; to remove (stains); to carry off (kill); to entail, to involve; to gain, to obtain; to blow off; to burn. _Le vent a emporté mon chapeau_; the wind has blown my hat off. _Cette maladie l’a emporté_; that illness carried him off. _— de haute lutte_; to carry with a high hand. _L’— sur_; to prevail; to have the advantage, to get the better of, to carry the day; to preponderate, to overcome, to outweigh, to surpass. _L’amour l’emporte souvent sur la raison_; love often gets the better of reason. _Il l’a emporté sur tous ses concurrents_; he triumphed over all his competitors. _Cette considération l’emporte sur toutes les autres_; that consideration outweighs every other. _— ses cliques et ses claques_; to pack up bag and baggage. _— la pièce_; to strike home. _s’_=emporter=, _v.r._, to fly into a passion; to declaim, to inveigh against; to rail at; to run away (of horses). _— contre le vice_; to declaim against vice. _— comme une soupe au lait_; to take fire like gunpowder. =empotage=, _n.m._, potting. =empoter=, _v.a._, (hort.) to inclose in pots, to pot. =empourpré=, =-e=, _adj._, purple, purpled, empurpled. =empourprer=, _v.a._, _s’—_, _v.r._, to purple. =empreindre=, _v.a._, to imprint, to stamp; to mark; to impress; to tincture. _S’—_, to become tinged. =empreinte=, _n.f._, mark, stamp, print, impression; (paint.) first coat. _L’— d’un cachet_; the stamp of a seal. _Son ouvrage porte l’— de son esprit_; his work bears the stamp of his mind. _Marqué à l’— de_; bearing the stamp of. =empressé=, =-e=, _adj._, active; assiduous; officious; eager, earnest. _Il paraît fort — auprès d’elle_; he appears markedly attentive to her. _Des soins empressés_; assiduous attentions. _Faire l’—_; to put one’s self forward. =empressement= (an-prèss-mān), _n.m._, eagerness, earnestness; assiduous attention; alacrity, promptness, haste, hurry. _Avec —_; eagerly, earnestly, cheerfully, industriously. _Il a beaucoup d’— à vous servir_; he is very anxious to serve you. _Trop d’—_; overforwardness. _s’_=empresser=, _v.r._, to hasten, to be eager (to), to be earnest, forward, to be ardent, to flock, to crowd, to press forward. _S’— de parler_; to hasten to speak. =emprisonnement= (-zo-n-mān), _n.m._, imprisonment, confinement, custody. _— cellulaire_; solitary confinement. =emprisonner=, _v.a._, to imprison, to confine. =emprunt=, _n.m._, borrowing, loan. _Il est toujours aux —s_; he is always borrowing. _Argent d’—_; borrowed money. _Une beauté d’—_; an artificial beauty. _Faire un —_; to contract a loan. =emprunter=, _v.a._, to borrow. _— de l’argent à quelqu’un_; to borrow money of any one. _Nom emprunté_; assumed name. _Air emprunté_; an embarrassed look. _Ne choisit pas qui emprunte_; beggars cannot be choosers. =emprunteu-r=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, borrower; borrowing, prone to borrow; not original. =empuantir=, _v.a._, to cause an ill smell, to infect. _s’_=empuantir=, _v.r._, to stink, to have a bad odor. =empuantissement= (-tis-mān), _n.m._, stench. =empyème=, _n.m._, (med.) empyema. =empyrée=, _n.m._ and _adj._, the empyrean; empyreal. =empyreumatique=, _adj._, empyreumatical. =empyreume=, _n.m._, empyreuma. =ému=, =-e=, _part._, moved, affected. _Fort —_; much affected. =émulat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, (l.u.) emulator, rival, imitator. ☉=émulati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, emulative. =émulation=, _n.f._, emulation; rivalry. =émule=, _n.m._, rival, competitor, emulator. =émulgent=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) emulgent. =émulsi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, emulsive. =émulsion=, _n.f._, emulsion. =émulsionner=, _v.a._, to mix an emulsion with. =émyde=, _n.f._, marsh-tortoise. =en=, _prep._, in, into, within, on, to, at, like, in the form of, as a, out of, by, for. _Je l’ai mise — pension_; I have sent her to a boarding-school. _— haut_; above, upstairs. _— bas_; below, downstairs. _— avant_; forward. _— arrière_; backward, behind. _— dedans_; within. _— dehors_; without. _Aller — France_; to go to France. _En tout temps_; at all times. _— hiver_; in winter. _Être — bonne santé_; to be in good health. _— nourrice_; out at nurse. _— prière_; at prayers. _Vivre — roi_; to live like a king. _Agir — furieux_; to act as a madman. _Être — robe de chambre_; to be in one’s dressing-gown. _— dépit de lui_; in spite of him. _De plus — plus_; more and more. _Voir — songe_; to see in a dream. _Il l’aborda — riant_; he came up to her with a smile. _— passant_; by the way. _— colère_; in a passion. _— guerre_; at war. _— paix_; at peace. _Tomber — décadence_; to fall into decay. _— trois jours_; in three days. _Être — ville_; to be out. =en=, _pron._, _m.f._ _sing._ and _pl._, of him, of her, of it, its, of them, their; from him, from her, from it, from them; by him, by her, by it, by them; about him, about her, about it, about them; thence, from thence; some of it, any. _Avez-vous de l’argent?_ have you any money? _J’— ai_; I have some. _Vous — parlez toujours_; you are always speaking of him, of it. _Il — est mort un_; one of them is dead. _J’— suis bien aise_; I am very glad of it. _J’— suis fâché_; I am sorry for it. _J’— suis surpris_; I wonder at it. _Qu’— dites-vous?_ what do you say to it? _Je n’— ai point_; I have none. _— voulez-vous?_ will you have any? _Donnez m’—_; give me some. _C’est un bœuf, j’— vois les cornes_; it is an ox, I see its horns. _Si vous voulez voir de beaux tableaux, il — a_; if you wish to see fine pictures, he has some. _Il — est des femmes comme des enfants_; it is with women as with children. _Il — est de cela comme de la plupart des choses_; it is with that as with most other things. _Après cela ils — vinrent aux mains_; after that they came to blows. _— vouloir à quelqu’un_; to have a grudge against any one. _S’— aller_; to go away. _S’— retourner_; to return. _C’— est fait_; it is all over. _Il s’— faut de beaucoup_; you are a long way off. _Il ne sait où il — est_; he knows not how far he has got. _Il — tient_; he is caught. _Voulez-vous — être?_ will you make one of us? _Parlez-lui-—_; speak to him of it. _Il veut — découdre_; he wants to fight it out. =énallage=, _n.f._, (gram.) enallage. _s’_=énamourer=, _v.r._, to fall in love (with). =énarrer=, _v.a._, to relate in detail. =enarrhement=, _n.m._ _V._ =arrhement=. =enarrher=, _v.a._ _V._ =arrher=. =énarthrose=, _n.f._, (anat.) enarthrosis. =en-belle=, _n.f._, (nav.) direct fire. _adj._, direct. _adv._, directly, fairly. =encablure=, _n.f._, (nav.) cable’s length. =encadré=, =-e=, _part._, framed. =encadrement=, _n.m._, framing, frame; (mil.) enlistment. =encadrer=, _v.a._, to frame, to encircle; to introduce, to insert. _Faire — un tableau_; to have a picture framed. _S’—_, _v.r._, to be introduced, inserted, inclosed; to fit in. =encadreur=, _n.m._, picture-frame maker. =encager=, _v.a._, to cage, to put in a cage. =encaissage=, _n.m._, incasing; (hort.) tubbing. =encaisse=, _n.f._, (fin., com.) cash in hand, cash-balance, metallic reserve. =encaissé=, =-e=, _part._, incased; embanked, sunk, hollow. _Cette rivière est —e_; that river flows between high banks. =encaissement= (ān-kès-mān), _n.m._, packing in cases; packing; putting in boxes; embankment; (fin.) collection. _Sauf —_; when paid, if paid. =encaisser=, _v.a._, to incase, to pack; to put in a box; to embank; to collect; to encash, to receive; (fin.) to collect; to lay down a bed (to roads). =encan=, _n.m._, auction, public sale. _Vente à l’—_; sale by public auction. _Mettre a l’—_; to put up for sale. _Vendre à l’—_; to sell by auction. *=encanailler=, _v.a._, to degrade; to lower by mixing with low company. *_s’_=encanailler=, _v.r._, to keep low company; to lose caste. _Gardez-vous de vous encanailler_; beware of keeping low company. =encapuchonné=, =-e=, _part._, cowled, hooded. =encapuchonner=, _v.a._, to put on a cowl. _s’_=encapuchonner=, _v.r._, to wear a cowl; to put on a cowl; (man.) to arch the neck (of horses). =encaquement=, _n.m._, packing; barreling. =encaquer=, _v.a._, to barrel; to cram full up. =encaqueu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, packer. =encarter=, _v.a._, (print.) to insert as a cancel. _s’_=encarter=, _v.r._, to be inserted as a cancel. =en-cas=, _n.m._, (_—_) sunshade (large enough to be used as an umbrella); collation kept ready in case of need. =encastelé=, =-e=, _adj._, hoof-bound (of a horse). _s’_=encasteler=, _v.r._, to be hoof-bound. =encastelure=, _n.f._, contracted heels. =encastrement=, _n.m._, fitting; fitting in. =encastrer=, _v.a._, to fit, to fit in. _s’_=encastrer=, _v.r._, to fit, to fit in. =encaustique=, _n.f._ and _adj._, (paint.) encaustic, furniture-paste. =encavement= (ān-kav-mān), _n.m._, storing (in cellar). =encaver=, _v.a._, to put _or_ store in a cellar. =encaveur=, _n.m._, cellar-man. =enceindre=, _v.a._, to inclose, to encircle, to encompass, to surround. _— de murailles_; to inclose with walls. =enceinte=, _adj.f._, pregnant; with child; enceinte. =enceinte=, _n.f._, circuit, circumference; inclosure, precincts; place; (fort.) enceinte. _Mur d’—_; inclosure wall. _Mur d’— continue_; wall of circumvallation. _Dans cette —_; within these walls. =encens=, _n.m._, incense, frankincense; fragrance; homage; praise; flattery. _Brûler de l’— sur les autels_; to burn incense on the altars. _Donner de l’— à quelqu’un_; to flatter any one. =encensement= (an-sāns-mān), _n.m._, incensing; praising, praise; flattery. =encenser=, _v.a._, to incense, to perfume with frankincense; to flatter, to pay homage to. =encenseur=, _n.m._, burner of incense; flatterer. =encensier=, _n.m._, rosemary. =encensoir=, _n.m._, censer, perfuming-pan; (astron.) Ara; (fig.) ecclesiastical power. _Mettre la main à l’—_; to meddle with ecclesiastical affairs. _Donner de l’— par le nez_, _casser le nez à coups d’—_; to flatter fulsomely. =encéphale=, _n.m._, encephalon (brain). =encéphalique=, _adj._, (anat.) encephalic. =encéphalite=, _n.f._, inflammation of the brain. =encéphalocèle=, _n.f._, encephalocele, hernia of the brain. =enchaînement= (ān-shèn-mān), _n.m._, chaining, linking; concatenation, chain, series, connection. =enchaîner=, _v.a._, to chain up, to chain, to bind in chains, to chain down, to detain, to restrain; to captivate; to link, to connect. _s’_=enchaîner=, _v.r._, to link, to be connected. =enchaînure=, _n.f._, (tech.) chain; chain-work; connection. =enchanteler= (ān-shān-tlé), _v.a._, to arrange timber in a yard; to set (casks) on gawntrees. =enchantement= (ān-shān-tmān), _n.m._, enchantment, charm, delight; magic, witchcraft. _Par —_; by enchantment. _Il est dans l’—_; he is delighted. =enchanter=, _v.a._, to enchant, to bewitch, to fascinate, to charm, to gratify. _Je suis enchanté de vous voir_; I am delighted to see you. =enchante-ur=, =-resse=, _n._ and _adj._, enchanter, enchantress, bewitcher, charmer, enchanting, bewitching. _Voix —resse_; enchanting voice. =enchaper=, _v.a._, to hook, to fasten; to case, to inclose one cask in another. =enchaperonner=, _v.a._, to hood (a hawk). =encharner=, _v.a._, to put hinges to. =enchâsser=, _v.a._, to enchase, to enshrine; to insert; to introduce; to set. _— dans de l’or_; to set in gold. _— un diamant_; to set a diamond. _— une anecdote dans un discours_; to introduce an anecdote into a speech. =enchâssure=, _n.f._, setting; insertion; introduction. =enchausser=, _v.a._, (gard.) to earth up. =enchaux=, _n.m._, lime-wash. =enchère=, _n.f._, bidding (at an auction); auction. _Vente à l’—_, _aux —s_; sale by auction. _Couvrir une —_; to make a higher bid. _Vendre à l’—_, _aux —s_; to sell by auction. _Folle —_; bidding for what one cannot pay. _Mettre aux —s_; to bring to the hammer; to put up to auction. _Payer la folle —_; to pay dear for one’s rashness. _Il est à l’—_; he is to be bought by the highest bidder. _— au rabais_; a Dutch auction. =enchérir=, _v.a._, to bid for, to outbid, to overbid; to raise (prices). =enchérir=, _v.n._, to bid, to outbid; (fig.) to surpass, to outdo, to go further; to rise (in price). _La volaille a enchéri_; poultry has risen in price. =enchérissement= (-ris-mān), _n.m._, rise, increase, advance in price. =enchérisseur=, _n.m._, bidder (at an auction). =enchevalement=, _n.m._, propping, underpinning (of a house). =enchevauchure=, _n.f._, (tech.) lapping over. =enchevêtré=, =-e=, _part._, entangled; confused; in a tangle, mixed up. =enchevêtrement=, _n.m._, entanglement; confusion. =enchevêtrer=, _v.a._, to halter; to entangle, to confuse. _s’_=enchevêtrer=, _v.r._, to get a foot entangled in the halter; to get entangled; to get confused, embarrassed. =enchevêtrure=, _n.f._, (carp.) binding; (vet.) halter-cast. =enchifrené=, =-e=, _part._, stuffed up (of the nose). _Je suis tout —_; my nose is all stuffed up. =enchifrènement= (-èn-mān), _n.m._, stuffing up (of the nose); snuffles. _s’_=enchifrener=, _v.r._, to get a cold in the head. =enchiridion= (-ki-), _n.m._, (antiq.) manual, enchiridion. =enchymose= (-ki-), _n.f._, (med.) cutaneous hyperæmia. =enclave=, _n.f._, piece of inclosed land; boundary, limit; recess (of a lock on a river). =enclavé=, =-e=, _part._, inclosed. =enclavement= (an-klav-mān), _n.m._, inclosing. =enclaver=, _v.a._, to inclose; to hem in, to wedge in. _s’_=enclaver=, _v.r._, to be inclosed (in other land). =enclin=, =-e=, _adj._, inclined, prone, addicted, apt, given to. =encliquetage=, _n.m._, (tech.) catch. =encliqueter=, _v.a._, to cog with a catch. =enclitique=, _n.f._, (gram.) enclitic. =encloîtrer=, _v.a._, to cloister. =enclore=, _v.a._, to inclose, to fence _or_ take in. =enclos=, _n.m._, inclosure, close; paddock, orchard. =enclouage=, _n.m._, spiking. =enclouer=, _v.a._, to prick animals (in shoeing); to spike (a gun). =enclouure=, _n.f._, prick (in shoeing, etc.); difficulty, obstacle, hitch. =enclume=, _n.f._, anvil; (anat.) incus. _Billot d’—_; anvil-block. _Être entre le marteau et l’—_; to be between the devil and the deep sea. _Remettre sur l’—_; to remodel. _Il frappe toujours sur la même —_; he is always harping on the same string. =enclumeau= _or_ =enclumot=, _n.m._, hand-anvil. =encoche=, _n.f._, notch (on a tally, etc.). =encocher=, _v.a._, to notch. _— une flèche_; to fit an arrow in the bow. =encoffrer=, _v.n._, to put in a coffer; to lay up; to bag, to cage, to quod. *=encoignure= _or_ =encognure= (an-ko-gnur), _n.f._, corner; angle (of a street); corner-piece. =encollage=, _n.m._, sizing. =encoller=, _v.a._, to size. =encolure=, _n.f._, neck and shoulders of a horse; (b.s.) appearance, looks (of a person). =encombrant=, _adj._, bulky, cumbering, encumbering, cumbersome. =encombre=, _n.m._, accident, impediment, hindrance, obstacle. =encombrement=, _n.m._, obstruction, stoppage; crowding, crowd. =encombrer=, _v.a._, to obstruct, to encumber, to embarrass, to block up; to throng. _à l’_=encontre=, _prep._, counter, against. _Aller à l’— de quelque chose_; to run counter to a thing. =encorbellement= (-bèl-mān), _n.m._, (arch.) corbeling, projecting. =encore=, _adv._, yet, still, more, again; once more; further; moreover; besides, however. _Il n’est pas — venu_; he is not yet come. _À sept heures j’attendais —_; at seven o’clock I was still waiting. _—?_ what, again? _Outre l’argent, on lui donna — un cheval_; besides the money, he had, moreover, a horse given him. _— s’il voulait m’envoyer dire_; if, only, he would send me word. _Vous servez-vous — de ce livre?_ are you still using that book? _Il est — plus riche que son frère_; he is still richer than his brother. _Quoi —?_ what else? _— moins_; still less. _Prenez — un verre de vin_; take another glass of wine. _— une fois je vous dis_; I tell you once more. _Hier —_; only yesterday. =encore=, _conj._, even, yet. _— que_; though, although. =encorné=, =-e=, _adj._, horned, tossed. =encorner=, _v.a._, to horn; to gore; to toss. =encourageant=, =-e=, _adj._, encouraging, cheering, inspiriting. =encouragement= (-raj-mān), _n.m._, encouragement, incitement, incentive; countenance, support. =encourager=, _v.a._, to encourage, to stimulate; to contenance, to support, to be a promoter of. _s’_=encourager=, _v.r._, to encourage each other. =encourir=, _v.a._, to incur, to draw down upon one’s self, to fall under. _— le mépris de tout le monde_; to draw down general contempt upon one’s self. =encouture=, _n.f._, (nav.) clincher-work. =encrage=, _n.m._, (print.) inking. =encrassement=, _n.m._, fouling (of fire-arms). =encrasser=, _v.a._, to make dirty, to dirty; to foul. _s’_=encrasser=, _v.r._, to get foul _or_ greasy, to become dirty; to lower one’s self; to become foul. =encre=, _n.f._, ink. _— à écrire_; writing ink. _— d’imprimerie_; printing ink. _— de Chine_; Indian ink. _C’est la bouteille à l’—_; there’s no seeing through that. _Tacher d’—_; to ink. _Ecrire de bonne — à quelqu’un_; to write in strong terms to any one. _Être dans la bouteille à l’—_; to be in the secret. =encrêper=, _v.a._, to cover with crape. _s’_=encrêper=, _v.r._, to put on crape. =encrer=, _v.a._, (print.) to ink. _v.n._, to take the ink. =encrier=, _n.m._, inkstand, ink-horn; (print.) ink-trough. _Table d’—_; (print.) ink-table. =encroué=, _adj._, entangled (of trees). =encroûté=, =-e=, _part._, covered with a crust; rusty; full of prejudices. =encroûter=, _v.a._, to crust; to plaster a wall. _s’_=encroûter=, _v.r._, to crust, to get hard, to become heavy; to become stupid, rusty. =encuirasser=, _v.a._, to cover with a cuirass. _s’_=encuirasser=, _v.r._, to put on one’s cuirass; to get covered with dirt; to become hardened. =enculasser=, _v.a._, to breech (a gun). =encuvement= (ān-kuv-mān), =encuvage=, _n.m._, tubbing. =encuver=, _v.a._, to put into a vat, to tub. =encyclique=, _n.f._ and _adj._, encyclical letter; encyclical. =encyclopédie=, _n.f._, encyclopædia. =encyclopédique=, _adj._, encyclopedic. =encyclopédiste=, _n.m._, encyclopedist. =endécagone=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (geom.) hendecagon. =endémique=, _adj._, endemical, endemic. =endenté=, =-e=, _adj._, indented; furnished with teeth. =endenter=, _v.a._, (carp.) to indent; to cog, to tooth, to supply with teeth. =endetter=, _v.a._, to cause to run into debt; to get a person into debt. _s’_=endetter=, _v.r._, to run into debt, to contract debts. =endêvé=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, (fam., l.u.) irritable, passionate person; impatient, irritable, passionate. =endêver=, _v.n._, to fume, to be vexed. _Faire — quelqu’un_; to vex any one; to drive any one mad. =endiablé=, =-e=, _adj._, possessed; devilish; wicked, horrible. =endiablé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, person possessed. _C’est un —_; he is like one possessed. =endiabler=, _v.n._, to be furious. _Faire —_; to torment, to plague to death; to render furious. =endiguement=, =endigage=, _n.m._, damming in; damming up. =endiguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to dam in; to dam up; to embank. =endimanché=, =-e=, _adj._, dressed in Sunday best; with all one’s finery on. _s’_=endimancher=, _v.r._, to put on one’s Sunday clothes. =endive=, _n.f._, endive. =endoctriner=, _v.a._, to indoctrinate, to teach; to give his cue (to any one). =endoctrineur=, _n.m._, teacher; prompter. =endolori=, =-e=, _adj._, painful, aching, sore. _s’_=endolorir=, _v.r._, to make sore, tender; to ache, to become sore. =endolorissement=, _n.m._, pain, aching, soreness. =endommagement= (-maj-mān), _n.m._, loss, injury. =endommager=, _v.a._, to damage, to injure. _s’_=endommager=, _v.r._, to be damaged; to become deteriorated. =endormeur=, _n.m._, cajoler, wheedler, flatterer, coaxer. =endormi=, =-e=, _part._, asleep, sleeping; sleepy, drowsy, sluggish; benumbed. _J’ai la jambe —e_; my leg is benumbed. =endormi=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, sleepy person; sleepy head; person asleep. _Faire l’—_; to sham sleep. =endormir=, _v.a._, to lull asleep, to send to sleep; to rock to sleep; to wheedle, to amuse, to deceive; to benumb, to lull. _Endormez cet enfant_; rock that child to sleep. _Sa conversation vous endort_; his conversation sends you to sleep. _Cela m’a endormi la jambe_; that has benumbed my leg. _s’_=endormir=, _v.r._, to fall asleep, to go to sleep, to slumber; to be lulled into security. _S’— du sommeil de la tombe_; to sleep the sleep of death. _S’— dans le vice_; to be steeped in vice. _Il s’est endormi sur cette affaire_; he was wanting in vigilance in that business. _S’— sur le rôti_; to let slip the favorable opportunity. =endos=, _n.m._, (com.) endorsement. =endosmose=, _n.f._, (phys.) endosmose. =endosse=, _n.f._, (fam.) trouble; burden. =endossement= (ān-dôsmān), _n.m._, (com.) endorsement. _V._ =endos=, which is more frequently used. =endosser=, _v.a._, to put on one’s back; to buckle on; to put on; to don; to saddle; (com.) to indorse. _— une lettre de change_; to indorse a bill of exchange. _— le harnais_; to put on the harness. =endosseur=, _n.m._, (com.) indorser. =endroit=, _n.m._, place, spot, part, passage; point; right side (of a stuff). _Son plus bel —_; any one’s, any thing’s, best side. _— faible_; weak point. _— sensible_; sensitive point. _À l’— de_; with regard, _or_ with respect, to. _À deux —s_; reversible (of stuffs). =enduire= (enduisant, enduit), _v.a._, to do over, to lay over, to coat, to smear. _— une muraille de plâtre_; to do a wall over with plaster. =enduit=, _n.m._, coat, coating, layer; glaze, glazing; varnish; polish. =endurant=, =-e=, _adj._, patient, enduring; tolerant. _Peu —_; impatient of injury. =endurci=, =-e=, _part._, hardened, obdurate, inured, callous. _Un cheval — aux coups_; a horse inured to blows. _Pécheur —_; hardened sinner. =endurci=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, hardened sinner. =endurcir=, _v.a._, to harden, to make hard, to toughen, to inure; to render obdurate, to steel; to indurate; to render callous. _Le travail endurcit le corps_; labor hardens the body. _L’avarice avait endurci son cœur_; avarice had steeled his heart. _s’_=endurcir=, _v.r._, to harden; to grow hard; to be steeled; to become callous; to indurate. =endurcissement= (-sis-mān), _n.m._, hardness; hardness of heart, obduracy; callousness. =endurer=, _v.a._, to endure, to bear; to suffer, to undergo; to allow, to put up with, to permit. =énéide=, _n.f._, Eneid, Æneid. =énéorème=, _n.m._, (med.) eneorema. =énergie=, _n.f._, force, energy, strength, force, vigor, power. _Avec —_; with energy. _Sans —_; of no energy. =énergique=, _adj._, energetic, energetical, strong, vigorous, forcible. _Remède —_; powerful remedy. =énergiquement= (-jik-mān), _adv._, energetically, vigorously, strenuously. =énergumène=, _n.m.f._, demoniac; fanatic; desperado. =énervation=, _n.f._, _or_ =énervement=, _n.m._, enervation. =énerver=, _v.a._, to enervate, to unnerve. _s’_=énerver=, _v.r._, to become enervated _or_ unnerved. =enfaîteau=, _n.m._, (mas.) ridge-tile, gutter-tile. =enfaîtement= (ān-fêt-mān), _n.m._, (arch.) ridge-lead. =enfaîter=, _v.a._, to ridge a house. =enfance=, _n.f._, infancy, childhood; childishness, puerility, dotage; childish action. _Première —_; earliest infancy. _Dès mon —_; from my infancy. _Sortir de l’—_; to emerge from childhood. _Être en —_; to be in one’s dotage. _Tomber en —_; to become childish. =enfant=, _n.m.f._, child; infant; native; (jur.) issue. _— adoptif_; adopted child. _L’— prodigue_; the prodigal son. _L’— à naître_; the child unborn. _— trouvé_; foundling. _— naturel_; natural child. _Un — de famille_; a young gentleman. _— de la balle_; child that follows his father’s profession, _or_ chip of the old block. _Un — à la mamelle_; an infant at the breast. _Un — mort-né_; a still-born child. _Discours d’—_; childish language. _— de chœur_; chorister. _Les —s perdus_; (milit.) the forlorn hope. _Faire l’—_; to play the child; to behave like a child. _C’est bien l’— de sa mère_; he is a chip of the old block. _En travail d’—_; in labor. _C’est un bon —_; he is a good child, he is a good fellow. _Les —s de France_; the children of the King of France, the children of the eldest son of the King of France. _Petits enfants_; little children. _Petits-enfants_; grandchildren. =enfantement= (ān-fān-tmān), _n.m._, childbirth. =enfanter=, _v.a._, to bear, to bring forth; to produce; to beget; to bring to light; to give birth to. =enfantillage=, _n.m._, child’s play, childishness. =enfantin=, =-e=, _adj._, infantine, childish. =enfariner=, _v.a._, to flour, to sprinkle with flour. _Être enfariné de quelque science_; to have a smattering of some science. _Être enfariné d’une mauvaise doctrine_; to be prepossessed in favor of a bad doctrine. _Il est venu nous dire cela la gueule enfarinée_; (triv.) he came, full of stupid confidence, to tell us that. =enfer= (an-fèr), _n.m._, hell; infernal, _or_ lower, regions. _Au fond de l’—_; in the depths of hell. _Les peines de l’—_; the torments of hell. _L’— s’est déchaîné contre moi_; hell is let loose against me. _Tison d’—_; hell-hound. _Un feu d’—_; a scathing fire. =enfermé=, _n.m._, close, confined air. _Sentir l’—_; to smell close. =enfermer=, _v.a._, to shut, to shut in; to shut up; to lock up; to inclose; to coop up, to conceal; to comprehend, to comprise. _C’est un homme à —_; that man ought to be confined in a mad-house. _— à clef_; to keep under lock and key. _— un parc de murailles_; to wall in a park. _s’_=enfermer=, _v.r._, to lock one’s self up, to seclude one’s self; to lock, to lock up (of a thing). =enferrer=, _v.a._, to run any one through with a sword, etc.; to transfix. _s’_=enferrer=, _v.r._, to run one’s self through with a sword, etc.; (fig.) to injure one’s self; to fall into a snare; to get into a fix. =enficeler=, _v.a._, to tie with a string. =enfièvrement=, _n.m._, feverishness. =enfilade=, _n.f._, suite (of chambers); string (of phrases); (milit.) enfilade. _D’—_; raking (fire). =enfiler=, _v.a._, to thread, to string; to pierce, to run any one through with a sword, etc.; to engage in; to slip on; (milit.) to enfilade. _— une aiguille_; to thread a needle. _— des perles_; to string pearls; to lose one’s time. _— un discours_; to begin a long-winded speech. _— un homme_; to run a man through the body. _s’_=enfiler=, _v.r._, to be run through, to be pierced; to get engaged _or_ involved in. =enfileur=, _n.m._, header (in pin-making); prattler; (pop.) cheat, wheedler. =enfin=, _adv._, in fine, finally, at length, in short, after all, at last, lastly. =enflammé=, =-e=, _part._, on fire, in flames, ignited; kindled. =enflammer=, _v.a._, to set on fire, to fire, to set in a blaze, to kindle; to inflame, to heat; to incense, to provoke. _s’_=enflammer=, _v.r._, to take fire, to be kindled, to be inflamed, to blaze; to be ablaze; to be incensed; to ignite. _On vit tout le vaisseau s’—_; they saw the whole ship ablaze _or_ break into flames. =enflé=, =-e=, _part._, swelled, inflated, puffed up, bloated; (lit.) bombastic, turgid, high-flown. =enfle-bœuf=, _n.m._, golden-beetle. =enflécher=, _v.n._, (nav.) to go up into the shrouds. =enfléchure=, _n.f._, shroud, ratline. =enfler=, _v.a._, to swell, to swell out, to blow out, to bloat; to puff up, to distend, to elate, to excite; to inflate. _Le vent enflait nos voiles_; the wind swelled our sails. _s’_=enfler=, _v.r._, to swell, to grow turgid. _La voile s’enfle_; the sail swells out. _S’— d’orgueil_; to be puffed up with pride. =enflure=, _n.f._, bloatedness, swelling; (fig.) bombast, turgidness. _— du style_; turgidness of style. =enfoncé=, =-e=, _part._, broken open, sunken. Des yeux enfoncés; sunken eyes. _—!_ (pop.) dished! done for! =enfoncement= (ān-fons-mān), _n.m._, sinking, sinking down; breaking in; recess; (paint.) background. =enfoncer=, _v.a._, to sink, to sink to the bottom; to drive in; to break in; to outwit, to surpass; to ruin, to blow up, to dish, to diddle. _— un clou dans la muraille_; to drive a nail into the wall. _— son chapeau_; to pull one’s hat over one’s eyes. _— un bataillon_; to break through a battalion. _s’_=enfoncer=, _v.r._, to sink, to sink down; to break down; to bury one’s self in; to plunge; to fail, to make a mess of. _S’— dans un bois_; to dive into a wood. _Cet homme s’enfonce dans l’étude_; that man buries himself in study. _S’— dans la débauche_; to plunge into debauchery. =enfoncer=, _v.n._, to sink. =enfonceur=, _n.m._, one who breaks in _or_ through anything; (fig.) cheat, diddler. _— de portes ouvertes_; braggart. =enfonçure=, _n.f._, cavity, hole, hollow; boards (of a bedstead); bottom pieces (of casks). =enforcir=, _v.a._, to strengthen. _s’_=enforcir=, _v.r._, to gather strength; to grow stronger. =enforcir=, _v.n._, to gather strength, to get strength. =enformer=, _v.a._, to put on the block; to block (hats). =enfouir=, _v.a._, to hide _or_ bury in the ground, to cover with earth. =enfouissement= (ān-foo-is-mān), _n.m._, burying, hiding in the ground. =enfouisseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, burier. =enfourcher=, _v.a._, to bestride, to straddle; to pierce with a pitchfork. =enfourchure=, _n.f._, fork, crotch; (hunt.) forked head (of a stag). =enfourner=, _v.a._, to put in the oven. _Bien —_, _mal —_; to make a good, a bad, beginning. =enfournée=, _n.f._, putting in the oven _or_ kiln. _s’_=enfourner=, _v.r._, to get into a difficult road, into a blind alley, into a scrape. =enfreindre= (enfreignant, enfreint), _v.a._, to infringe, to break, to violate. _— un traité_; to infringe a treaty. _— les lois_; to transgress the laws. =enfroquer=, _v.a._, (b.s.) to make (any one) turn monk _or_ friar. _s’_=enfroquer=, _v.r._, (b.s.) to turn monk. _s’_=enfuir=, _v.r._, to run away, to flee, to take flight, to escape; to run off; to elope; to run out, to leak. _Ils s’étaient enfuis de prison_; they had made their escape from prison. _La bouteille s’enfuit_; the bottle leaks. =enfumé=, =-e=, _part._, smoked, smoky. =enfumer=, _v.a._, to smoke, to fill with smoke, to smoke out. _— un renard_; to smoke out a fox. =enfutage=, _n.m._, casking. =enfutailler=, _v.a._, to cask, to barrel, to tun. =engagé=, _n.m._, enlisted soldier. =engagé=, =-e=, _part._, engaged, enlisted; (nav.) in action, water-logged. _La clef est —e dans la serrure_; the key sticks in the lock. _Vaisseau —_; water-logged ship. =engageant=, =-e= (-jān-t), _adj._, engaging, winning, pleasing, taking, winsome. _Il a des manières —es_; he has winning manners. =engageantes=, _n.f.pl._, short under-sleeves with lace cuffs. =engagement= (ān-gaj-mān), _n.m._, engagement, pledging, pawning; engagement (promise); enlisting; (milit.) bounty; (milit.) action. _pl._, (com.) liabilities. _Entrer dans un —_; to enter into an engagement. _Manquer à un —_; to fail to keep an engagement. =engager=, _v.a._, to pawn, to pledge; to engage, to induce, to invite, to persuade, to urge; (milit.) to enlist; to hire; to bind; (b.s.) to involve; to unite; to compel. _— ses meubles_; to pledge one’s furniture. _Cela ne vous engage à rien_; that binds you to nothing. _— quelqu’un dans une mauvaise affaire_; to entangle any one in a bad business. _— le combat_; to begin the action. _— un soldat_; to enlist a soldier. _— une clef dans une serrure_; to entangle a key in a lock. _s’_=engager=, _v.r._, to engage one’s self, to be a security, to promise, to take upon one’s self, to undertake, to bind one’s self; to hire one’s self; to enlist; to entangle one’s self, to get involved. _S’— pour un ami_; to stand security for a friend. _S’— dans une mauvaise affaire_; to get involved in a bad business. _Le combat ne tarda pas à s’—_; the battle soon began. ☉=engagiste=, _n.m._, tenant (of crown lands). =engaîner=, _v.a._, to sheathe; to case; to put up (of swords). =enganter=, _v.a._, (nav.) to come up with, to overtake, to overreach; to entrap, to cajole, to insnare. =engazonner=, _v.a._, to turf; to cover with turf. =engeance= (an-jāns), _n.f._, breed, brood (animal); (b.s.) race (pers.). _Des poules d’une grande —_; hens of a large breed. _Maudite —_; cursed race. _Quelle —!_ what a lot _or_ set! =engeancer=, _v.a._, to embarrass; to saddle (with). =engelure= (an-jlur), _n.f._, chilblain. =engendrer=, _v.a._, to beget, to engender, to generate, to procreate; to breed, to spawn; (fig.) to produce, to give rise, to occasion. _Ne pas — la mélancolie_; to be of a very gay disposition. _Le mauvais air engendre des maladies_; bad air breeds diseases. _La familiarité engendre le mépris_; familiarity begets contempt. _s’_=engendrer=, _v.r._, to be bred, engendered; to breed, to be produced, generated. =engeoler=, _v.a._ _V._ =enjôler=. =engeoleur=, _n.m._ _V._ =enjôleur=. =engerber=, _v.a._, to sheaf, to bind, to heap up. =engin=, _n.m._, machine, engine; snare, gin, net; hoist (of a mill). =englober=, _v.a._, to unite; to put, to throw, together. =engloutir=, _v.a._, to swallow up, to devour; to ingulf; to absorb; to dissipate, to squander away; to run through. _s’_=engloutir=, _v.r._, to be swallowed up, to be ingulfed. =engloutissement=, _n.m._, ingulfing, swallowing up, sinking. =engloutisseu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, swallower, devourer; devouring. =engluer=, _v.a._, to lime, to daub with bird-lime; (fig.) to take in. _s’_=engluer=, _v.r._, to be caught, to stick in bird-lime; to be caught, to be taken in (pers.). =engoncé=, =-e=, _adj._, awkward, ungainly. =engoncement=, _n.m._, awkward appearance. =engoncer=, _v.a._, to cramp, to disfigure, to give an awkward appearance to. =engorgement=, _n.m._, obstruction, stopping up, congestion. =engorger=, _v.a._, to obstruct, to block up, to choke up, to stop up; (med.) to congest. _s’_=engorger=, _v.r._, to be obstructed, choked up; (med.) to be congested. =engoué=, =-e=, _adj._, infatuated with; wrapped up in; obstructed, choked. =engouement= _or_ =engoûment= (ān-goo-mān), _n.m._, infatuation; (med. vet.) obstruction. _On ne saurait le faire revenir de son —_; it is impossible to cure him of his infatuation. =engouer=, _v.a._, to obstruct the throat; to infatuate. _s’_=engouer=, _v.r._, to obstruct one’s throat; to be obstructed; to be infatuated. _S’— d’une femme_; to be wrapped up in a woman. =engouffrer=, _v.a._, to ingulf, to swallow up. _s’_=engouffrer=, _v.r._, to be ingulfed; to blow hard; to rush (of the wind in a narrow passage); to run into. _Le vent s’engouffre dans la cheminée_; the wind rushes into the chimney. _Que de fortunes se sont engouffrées dans cette entreprise!_ how many fortunes have been swallowed up in that enterprise! =engoulé=, =-e=, _adj._, gobbled up; (her.) engoulee. =engouler=, _v.a._, to swallow up, to gobble up. =engoulevent= (ān-gool-vān), _n.m._, (orni.) fern-owl; goat-sucker. =engourdi=, =-e=, _adj._, torpid, benumbed, dull. =engourdir=, _v.a._, to benumb, to make torpid; to dull, to make languid, to enervate. _Le froid engourdit les mains_; cold benumbs one’s hands. _L’oisiveté engourdit l’esprit_; idleness benumbs the mind. _s’_=engourdir=, _v.r._, to get benumbed; to become torpid, enervated, enfeebled. =engourdissement= (ān-goor-dis-mān), _n.m._, numbness, torpor, enervation. _Avoir un — au bras_; to have a numbness in the arm. _Tirer quelqu’un de son —_; to rouse any one from his torpor. =engrainer=, _v.a._, to feed with grain; to fill the mill-hopper. =engrais=, _n.m._, rich pasture; fatting; manure, soil. _Mettre des bœufs à l’—_; to put oxen to fatten. =engraissement= (ān-grès-mān), _n.m._, fattening; corpulence. =engraisser=, _v.a._, to fatten, to cram (poultry); to manure. _— des bestiaux_; to fatten cattle. =engraisser=, _v.n._, to become corpulent; to fatten; to thrive. _s’_=engraisser=, _v.r._, to fatten, to grow fat, stout; to grow rich; to grow thick or ropy. _S’— des misères publiques_; to fatten on public misery. =engranger=, _v.a._, (agri.) to get in, to house, to store. =engravement= (ān-grav-mān), _n.m._, (nav.) stranding. =engraver=, _v.a._, to run aground, to strand; (nav.) to place, to hide, things in the ballast. =engraver=, _v.n._, _s’—_, _v.r._, (nav.) to get embedded in the sand. =engrêlé=, =-e=, _adj._, (of lace) purled; (her.) engrailed. =engrêler=, _v.a._, (her.) to engrail; to purl. =engrêlure=, _n.f._, purl; (her.) engrailing. =engrenage=, _n.m._, gear, gearing (mec.). _À —_; serrated. _Roue d’—_; brake-wheel. =engrener=, _v.a._, to put corn (in the mill-hopper); to feed with corn; to throw into gear, to engage (mec.). _s’_=engrener=, _v.r._, to work into each other (of toothed wheels); to be put in gear. _Ces roues s’engrènent bien_; these wheels work well into each other. =engrener=, _v.n._, to put corn (into the mill-hopper); to work into each other (of toothed wheels); to begin. _Il a bien engrené_; he has begun well. =engrenure=, _n.f._, toothing, cogging. =engrosser=, _v.a._, (l.ex.) to make pregnant, to get with child. _v.n._, to be with child. _s’_=engrumeler=, _v.r._, to clot, to coagulate. *=enguenillé=, =-e= (āng-), _part._, tattered. *=engueniller=, _v.a._, to clothe in tatters. *_s’_=engueniller=, _v.r._, to be clothed in tatters. =enhardir=, _v.a._, to embolden, to encourage. _Ce succès l’avait enhardi_; that success had emboldened him. _s’_=enhardir=, _v.r._, to make bold, to grow bold. _Il s’est enhardi à parler en public_; he made bold to speak in public. =enharmonique=, _adj._, (mus.) enharmonic. =enharnachement=, _n.m._, harnessing, trappings. =enharnacher=, _v.a._, to harness; to rig out, to deck out, to accoutre. _Vous voilà plaisamment enharnaché_; you are oddly accoutred. =enherber=, _v.a._, to turn into pasture land. =énieller=, _v.a._, to clear of corn-cockles. =énigmatique=, _adj._, enigmatical. =énigmatiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, enigmatically. =énigme=, _n.f._, enigma, riddle. _Deviner une —_; to guess a riddle. _Vous parlez par —s_; you speak in riddles. _Proposer une —_; to put a riddle. _Mot d’une —_; answer to a riddle. =enivrant=, =-e=, _adj._, intoxicating. =enivré=, =-e=, _part._, intoxicated. =enivrement=, _n.m._, intoxication. =enivrer=, _v.a._, to inebriate, to intoxicate; to elate. _La bière enivre comme le vin_; beer intoxicates as well as wine. _La prospérité nous enivre_; prosperity elates us. _s’_=enivrer=, _v.r._, to get intoxicated; to be elated (with). _Il s’est enivré à ce repas_; he got intoxicated at that diner. _S’— d’espérance_; to be elated with hope. _S’— de son vin_; to drink alone and to excess; to have too good an opinion of one’s self. =enjabler=, _v.a._, to bottom _or_ head (a cask). =enjaler=, _v.a._, (nav.) to stock (an anchor). =enjambée=, _n.f._, stride. _Faire de grandes —s_; to take long strides. =enjambement= (ān-jān-bmān), _n.m._, (poet.) running of the sense into the next line; overlapping; encroaching. =enjamber=, _v.n._, to stride; to project, to encroach upon; (poet.) to overlap, to encroach. =enjamber=, _v.a._, to stride over, to skip _or_ leap over. =enjaveler= (ān-ja-vlé), _v.a._, (agri.) to sheaf. =enjeu=, _n.m._, stake (at play). _Retirer son —_; to withdraw one’s stake; to declare off. =enjoindre=, _v.a._, to enjoin, to charge, to direct, to command, to prescribe. _Dieu nous enjoint d’observer ses lois_; God commands us to observe his laws. _Il lui est enjoint de_; he is directed to. =enjôlement=, _n.m._, wheedling, coaxing, inveigling. =enjôler=, _v.a._, to coax, to wheedle, to inveigle. =enjôleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, wheedler, coaxer. =enjolivement= (-liv-mān), _n.m._, embellishment, decoration, ornament, set-off, flourish. =enjoliver=, _v.a._, to embellish, to adorn, to set off, to ornament, to beautify. =enjoliveur=, _n.m._, (b.s.) embellisher. =enjolivure=, _n.f._, set-off, ornament, embellishment. =enjoué=, =-e=, _adj._, playful, sprightly; lively, sportive. _Il a l’humeur —e_; he is of a playful disposition. _Il écrit d’un style —_; he writes in a sportive style. =enjouement= _or_ =enjoûment= (ān-joo-mān), _n.m._, playfulness, sportiveness, sprightliness, liveliness, humor. _Avec —_; playfully. =enkysté=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) encysted. _s’_=enkyster=, _v.r._, to become encysted. =enlacement= (ān-las-mān), _n.m._, lacing, entwining; interweaving, entanglement. =enlacer=, _v.a._, to lace; to entwine; to twist; to interlace; to clasp; to interweave. _— quelqu’un dans ses bras_; to clasp in one’s arms. _s’_=enlacer=, _v.r._, to entwine; to twist; to be interlaced. =enlaidir=, _v.a._, to make ugly, to disfigure. =enlaidir=, _v.n._, to grow ugly, to be disfigured. =enlaidissement= (-dis-mān), _n.m._, ugliness; disfigurement. =enlèvement= (ān-lèv-mān), _n.m._, carrying off; removal; carrying off forcibly, kidnaping; abduction; translation (to heaven); buying up, monopoly. _L’— des Sabines_; the rape of the Sabines. =enlever=, _v.a._, to lift, to raise; to carry, to carry off; to carry away; to rescue; to pick out; to carry away forcibly, to kidnap; to take off, to clear away, to remove; to sweep off; to charm, to delight, to burn (the mouth). _On lui a enlevé sa femme_; his wife has been carried off. _On lui a enlevé ses meubles_; his furniture has been removed. _Enlevez cela de dessus la table_; take that off the table. _— une place_; (milit.) to carry a town. _— la peau_; to flay the skin. _La mort l’a enlevé à la fleur de son âge_; death carried him off in his prime. _— des taches_; to take out stains. _— tous les prix_; to carry off all the prizes. _Cela enlève la bouche_; that burns the mouth. _Enlevé!_ carried! done! _Se faire — par_; to elope with. _s’_=enlever=, _v.r._, to rise, to be lifted; to come off, to peel off; to come out; to go off (of goods on sale); to get into a passion. =enleveur=, _n.m._, kidnaper, abductor, ravisher. =enlier=, _v.a._, (mas.) to bond, to bind (stones). =enlisement=, _n.m._, ingulfing, swallowing up (in sand). _s’_=enliser=, _v.r._, to be ingulfed, swallowed up. =enluminer=, _v.a._, to color, to illuminate, to flush (the complexion); (lit.) to overload with ornaments. _Visage enluminé_; flushed _or_ red face. _s’_=enluminer=, _v.r._, to rouge, to paint. _S’— la trogne_ (triv.); to get a red nose (from drinking). =enlumineu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, map _or_ print colorer; illuminator. =enluminure=, _n.f._, coloring; colored print; tinsel. =ennéagone= (è-n-né-), _n.m._, (geom.) enneagon. =ennéagonal=, _adj._, nonagon, enneagonal. =ennéandrie= (è-n-né-), _n.f._, (bot.) enneandria. =ennemi=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (è-n-mi), enemy, foe; thing prejudicial. _— déclaré_; open _or_ avowed enemy. _C’est autant de pris sur l’—_; it is so much gained from the enemy. _Il n’y a pas de petit —_; every enemy is to be feared. =ennemi=, =-e=, _adj._, hostile, inimical; injurious; adverse, contrary, hurtful, prejudicial; (paint.) unfriendly. _La fortune —e_; adverse fortune. _L’armée —e_; the enemy. =ennoblir=, _v.a._, to ennoble, to dignify, to exalt. _s’_=ennoblir=, _v.r._, to be ennobled, exalted. _S’— de_; to be proud of, to rejoice at. =ennui=, _n.m._, tediousness, weariness; tedium, spleen, vexation, boredom; tiresome thing; nuisance. _Quel —!_ what a nuisance! =ennuyant=, =-e=, _adj._, annoying, tedious, irksome, tiresome. _Cela est fort —_; that is very tiresome. _Temps —_; trying weather. =ennuyer=, _v.a._, to tire, to weary, to be tiresome, to be tedious, to tease, to annoy, to bother, to vex, to bore. _Cela m’ennuie_; that annoys me. _Cela m’ennuie à la mort_; that bores me to death. _s’_=ennuyer=, _v.r._, to be wearied, to have a bad time of it, to tire one’s self, to feel dull, to be bored. _Il s’ennuie de tout_; he wearies of everything. =ennuyeusement= (ān-nui-ieûz-mān), _adv._, tediously, irksomely. =ennuyeu-x=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, tiresome person, bore; tedious, wearisome, dull, tiresome; annoying, provoking, vexing. _Livre —_; dull, tedious book. =énoncé=, _n.m._, statement; (geom.) enunciation, assertion, déclaration, terms. =énoncer=, _v.a._, to state, to express, to declare, to utter, to word, to enunciate. _s’_=énoncer=, _v.r._, to express one’s self; to be expressed. _Il s’énonce bien_; he expresses himself well. _Il n’a pas le don de s’—_; he has not the gift of expressing himself clearly. =énonciati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, enunciative, enunciatory. =énonciation=, _n.f._, enunciation, delivery, utterance; statement; expression, wording. *=enorgueillir= (ān-nor-ghĕ-yir), _v.a._, to make proud, to elevate, to puff up. *_s’_=enorgueillir= (ān-nor-ghĕ-yir), _v.r._, to be, to grow proud of, to be puffed up, to become elated, to glory in, to pride one’s self upon. =énorme=, _adj._, enormous, huge, atrocious, heinous. _Crime —_; heinous crime. =énormément=, _adv._, enormously, hugely, immensely, beyond measure. =énormité=, _n.f._, enormousness, hugeness, vastness; enormity, atrocity, heinousness. =énouage=, _n.m._, burling, picking. =énouer=, _v.a._, to pick cloth; to burl. ☉=enquérant=, =-e=, _adj._, inquisitive, prying. _s’_=enquérir= (s’enquérant, enquis), _v.r._, to inquire, to ask, to make inquiries. _Il faut s’— de la vérité du fait_; we must inquire into the truth of the matter. =enquête=, _n.f._, inquiry, inquest; investigation, examination, commission. _— en matière criminelle_; criminal investigation. _Ordonner une —_; to direct an inquiry to be made; to appoint a commission of inquiry. ☉_s’_=enquêter=, _v.r._, to inquire, to care for. =enraciné=, =-e=, _adj._, rooted, inveterate, deep seated. =enraciner=, _v.a._, to root, to implant. _Des préjugés enracinés_; inveterate prejudices. _s’_=enraciner=, _v.r._, to take root, to become rooted. _Il ne faut pas laisser s’— les maux_; evils must not be allowed to take root. =enragé=, =-e=, _part._, mad, rabid, desperate, raging, enraged; obstinate, determined. _Manger de la vache —e_; to know hard times; to undergo great hardships. _Un chien —_; a mad dog. =enragé=, _n.m._, madman. =enrageant=, =-e= (-jān, -t), _adj._, vexing, maddening. =enrager=, _v.n._, to be mad, to run mad, to go mad, to be enraged, to fume; to stamp with rage. _Faire —_; to madden. _— contre quelqu’un_; to be enraged against any one. _Il n’enrage pas pour mentir_; he makes light of telling lies. =enraiement= _or_ =enrayement=, _n.m._, putting on the drag, skidding; locking. =enrayer=, _v.a._, to put spokes to; to skid (a wheel), to put on the drag; to apply the brake; (agri.) to plow the first furrow; (fig.) to stop; to keep down, to moderate, to stem. =enrayer=, _v.n._, to put on the drag, to skid (of a wheel); (fig.) to keep down, to moderate, to check. =enrayure=, _n.f._, drag, skid; lock-chain. =enrégimenter=, _v.a._, to embody, to form into regiments; to enroll. =enregistrable=, _adj._, registrable. =enregistré=, =-e=, _adj._, registered, recorded. =enregistrement=, _n.m._, registering, registry, entry, enrollment. _Faire l’—_; to register. =enregistrer=, _v.a._, to register, to enter in a register, to enroll, to record. =enregistreur=, _n.m._, registrar. =enrêner=, _v.a._, to rein in, to tie by the reins. =enrênoire=, _n.f._, peg for tying reins. =enrhumer=, _v.a._, to give a cold to any one. _Je suis enrhumé_; I have a cold. _Être enrhumé du cerveau_; to have a cold in the head. _s’_=enrhumer=, _v.r._, to catch cold. =enrichi=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, upstart. =enrichir=, _v.a._, to enrich, to make rich; to adorn, to embellish; to store. _— son esprit_; to enrich one’s mind. _s’_=enrichir=, _v.r._, to enrich one’s self with, to grow rich, to thrive; to be stored. _S’— des dépouilles d’autrui_; to thrive on the spoils of others. =enrichissement= (-shis-mān), _n.m._, enriching, embellishment, adornment. =enrôlement= (ān-rôl-măn), _n.m._, enlisting, enlistment, enrollment. =enrôler=, _v.a._, to enlist, to enroll. _s’_=enrôler=, _v.r._, to enroll one’s self, to enlist. =enroué=, =-e=, _adj._, hoarse, husky. =enrouement= _or_ =enroûment= (ān-roo-mān), _n.m._, hoarseness, huskiness. =enrouer=, _v.a._, to make hoarse. _s’_=enrouer=, _v.r._, to become, to get, hoarse, husky. *=enrouiller=, _v.a._, to rust, to make rusty. _L’humidité enrouille le fer_; damp rusts iron. _s’_=enrouiller=, _v.r._, to grow, to get rusty. =enroulement= (ān-rool-mān), _n.m._, rolling up; (arch.) scroll. =enrouler=, _v.a._, to roll, to roll up, to twist, to coil. _s’_=enrouler=, _v.r._, to roll one’s self up; to roll up; to twist round. =enrubanner=, _v.a._, to deck out with ribbons. _s’_=enrubanner=, _v.r._, to deck one’s self out with ribbons; to adorn one’s self too much. =enrue=, _n.f._, large furrow. =ensablement=, _n.m._, sand-bank; ballasting. =ensabler=, _v.a._, to run aground, to strand; to cover with sand; to ballast. _s’_=ensabler=, _v.r._, to run aground; to sink in sand; to be blocked up with sand. =ensacher=, _v.a._, to bag. =ensaisinement=, _n.m._, (feudal law) acknowledging a purchaser of land as a tenant. =ensaisiner=, _v.a._, to put in possession of property; (feudal law) to acknowledge a purchaser of land as a tenant. =ensanglanter=, _v.a._, to make bloody, to stain with blood. =enseignable=, _adj._, teachable. *=enseignant=, =-e=, _adj._, teaching. _Corps —_; university; body of teachers; staff. *=enseigne=, _n.f._, mark, sign, sign-board; ensign (flag); ☉ensigncy; streamer (flag). _n.m._, ensign (officer), standard-bearer. _— de vaisseau_; sub-lieutenant. _À bonnes —s_; deservedly; on sure grounds. _Être logé à même —_; to be in the same predicament. _À telles —s que_; so much so that; as proof. _À bon vin point d’—_; good wine needs no bush. *=enseignement= (ān-sègn-mān), _n.m._, precept, instruction, teaching, teaching profession; tuition; lesson. ☉_pl._, (jur.) proof. _Il est dans l’—_; he is a teacher, a master. *=enseigner=, _v.a._, to teach, to teach how to, to instruct; to show, to inform, to direct to. _Enseignez-nous le chemin_; show us the way. _Enseignez-nous la maison_; direct us to the house. =ensellé=, =-e=, _adj._, saddle-backed. =ensemble=, _adv._, together, conjointly, at the same time. _Mêler —_; to mix together. _Ils ne sont pas bien —_; they are not friends. =ensemble=, _n.m._, whole, general effect; mass; uniformity; harmony. _Tout cela forme un assez bel —_; all that forms a respectable whole. _Morceau d’—_; a concerted piece of music; part music. _Le tout —_; the whole, the general effect. _Mouvement d’—_; combined movement. =ensemencement= (āns-māns-mān), _n.m._, (agri.) sowing. =ensemencer=, _v.a._, to sow. _S’—_; to be sowed. =enserrer=, _v.a._, ☉to contain, to inclose; to lock up; to encompass, to hem in; (gard.) to put into a greenhouse. =ensevelir= (ān-sĕ-vlir), _v.a._, to shroud, to put in a shroud; to bury; to swallow up, to entomb, to ingulf; to engross; to absorb. _— les morts_; to bury the dead. _Être enseveli dans le chagrin_; to be absorbed in grief. _s’_=ensevelir=, _v.r._, to be buried; to bury one’s self. =ensevelissement= (ān-sĕ-vlis-mān), _n.m._, putting in a shroud; burying, burial. =ensevelisseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, layer-out. =ensiforme=, _adj._, ensiform, sword-shaped. =ensoleillé=, =-e=, _adj._, sunny, bathed in sunshine. =ensorceler=, _v.a._, to bewitch. _Cette femme l’a ensorcelé_; that woman has bewitched him. =ensorceleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, bewitcher. _adj._, bewitching. =ensorcellement= (-sèl-mān), _n.m._, bewitchment. =ensoufrer=, _v.a._, to dip in brimstone. =ensuite=, _adv._, after, afterwards, then; in the next place; what then? what next? what of that! well! _Vous irez là —_; you will go there afterwards. _— il me dit_; then he told me. _Et —?_ what then? =ensuite=, _prep._, after (old). _— de cela_; after that. _— de quoi_; after which. ☉=ensuivant=, _adj._, following. _V._ =suivant=. _s’_=ensuivre=, _v.r._, to follow, to result, to ensue, to spring, to proceed. _Il s’ensuit que vous avez tort_; it follows that you are in the wrong. _Il ne s’ensuit pas que j’aie tort_; it does not follow that I am wrong. _De grands malheurs s’ensuivirent_; great misfortunes resulted from it. [This verb is only used in the third person, singular and plural.] =entablement=, _n.m._, (arch.) entablature; entablement; tablet. _s’_=entabler=, _v.r._, (man.) to entable. =entacher=, _v.a._, to taint, to infect; to sully, to tarnish. *=entaille=, _n.f._, notch, gash; (carp.) mortise; groove. *=entailler=, _v.a._, to notch; to cut away. *=entaillure=, _n.f._, notch. =entame=, _n.f._, first cut, first _or_ outside slice (of a loaf). =entamer=, _v.a._, to make an incision, to cut, to make the first cut; to broach, to begin; to break into; (milit.) to break through; (b.s.) to encroach, upon; (b.s.) to impair; to injure; to prevail upon. _— la peau_; to cut the skin. _— un pain_; to begin a loaf. _— d’un coup de dent_; to bite into. _— une matière_, _un sujet_; to begin, to broach a subject. _— la réputation de quelqu’un_; to injure any one’s reputation. =entamure=, _n.f._, cut; first cut; incision; grazing; opening, beginning. =entassement= (ān-tas-mān), _n.m._, heap, accumulation, pile; crowding. =entasser=, _v.a._, to heap, to heap up, to pile up; to hoard, to hoard up; to accumulate; to cram; to huddle, to pack together. _— des écus_; to hoard up money. _Personne entassée_; thick-set person. =entasseur=, _n.m._, hoarder, heaper. =ente=, _n.f._, graft, block, tree bearing a graft; (paint.) handle (of a brush). =entement=, _n.m._, grafting; joining. =entendement= (ān-tand-mān), _n.m._, understanding; judgment, head, sense. =entendeur=, _n.m._, hearer, understander. _A bon — demi-mot suffit_ or _a bon — salut_; a word to the wise is sufficient. =entendre=, _v.a._, to hear; to understand; to know; to expect, to require, to intend; to mean, to think proper. _À vous —_; according to you. _J’ai entendu dire_; I heard some people say. _Il n’est pire sourd que celui qui ne veut pas —_; none so deaf as those who won’t hear. _— les témoins_; to hear the witnesses. _Il entend un peu l’anglais_; he understands English a little. _— mal_; to misunderstand. _Entendons-nous_; let us come to a right understanding. _— à demi-mot_; to take the hint. _Donner à —_; to intimate, to hint. _Ne pas — malice_; to mean no harm. _Il a fait allusion à votre disgrâce, mais sans y — malice_; he alluded to your mishap, but he did not mean any harm. _— raison_; to listen to reason. _— raillerie_; to take a joke. _Il n’entend pas raillerie_; he cannot take a joke. _Il n’entend pas la raillerie_; he is no hand at jokes. _— la messe_, _— les vêpres_; to attend mass, vespers. _Il entend bien son métier_; he knows his trade very well. _Cet homme n’entend rien aux affaires_; that man knows nothing about business. _Qu’entendez-vous par là?_ what do you mean by that? _Chacun fait comme il l’entend_; everybody does as he thinks proper. _s’_=entendre=, _v.r._, to hear one another; to understand one another; to be heard; to be understood; to act in concert with, to have a secret understanding with; to come to an arrangement with; to come to terms with; to agree with, to be on good terms with; to be skillful in; to be a judge of. _Le bruit est si grand qu’on ne s’entend pas_; there is so much noise that we cannot hear one another speak. _Le canon de Waterloo s’entendait à dix lieues du champ de bataille_; the cannon of Waterloo were heard at a distance of ten leagues from the field of battle. _On l’accuse de s’— avec l’ennemi_; he is accused of acting in concert with the enemy. _S’— à une chose_; to be skillful in a thing. _Il ne s’entend pas mal à cela_; he is pretty well up in that. _S’— en une chose_; to understand how to do a thing. _Il s’entend en musique_; he understands music. _Je m’entends bien_; I know very well what I mean. _Ils s’entendent pour me nuire_; they have laid their heads together to injure me. _Ils s’entendent comme larrons en foire_; they are as thick as thieves. _Cela s’entend_ or _cela s’entend bien_; let it be understood; of course, as a matter of course, to be sure. =entendre=, _v.n._, to hear, to hear of; to approve of, to consent to; to listen to. _— dur_; _— de corne_; to be hard of hearing; to misunderstand. _— clair_; to be quick of hearing. _Ne savoir auquel —_; not to know whom to listen to, which to attend to first. _Il n’entend pas de cette oreille-là_; he is deaf on that side, _or_ he does not see it in that light. _J’entends que vous restiez avec moi_; I expect you to remain with me. =entendu=, =-e=, _adj._, heard; understood; agreed; arranged; managed; intelligent, skillful. _Un homme bien — aux affaires_; a man well up in business matters. _Faire l’—_; to put on a knowing look. _—!_ all right, agreed. _C’est —_; that’s a bargain, that’s settled. =enténébrer=, _v.a._, to involve in darkness; to wrap in darkness, in night. =entente=, _n.f._, meaning; skill, judgment, understanding, agreement; harmony. _Mots à double —_; ambiguous words, with a double meaning. _L’— est au diseur_; everybody understands his own meaning best. _L’— du coloris_; skill in coloring. =enter=, _v.a._, to graft, to ingraft. _— de nouveau_; to regraft. _— en écusson_; to bud, to ineye. =entérinement= (-ri-n-mān), _n.m._, judicial ratification, confirmation. =entériner=, _v.a._, to ratify, to confirm. =entérique=, _adj._, (med.) enteric. =entérite=, _n.f._, (med.) enteritis. =enterrement= (ān-tèr-mān), _n.m._, burial, funeral, interment. _Billet d’—_; invitation to a funeral. _Être prié à un —_; to be invited to a funeral. =enterrer=, _v.a._, to bury, to inter, to inhume; to survive, to eclipse, to surpass; to end, to terminate; to sink (of money). _— son secret_; to bury one’s secret. _Molière a enterré tous ses devanciers_; Molière threw all his predecessors into the shade. _— la synagogue avec honneur_; to terminate an affair with honor. _s’_=enterrer=, _v.r._, to bury one’s self; to see no company; to go with his head to the ground (of a horse). =enterreur=, _n.m._, burier; (_zoöl._) sexton-beetle. =en-tête=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) heading; head; headline. _— de facture_; bill-head. =entêté=, =-e=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, stubborn person; obstinate, wayward, self-willed, stubborn; infatuated. _— comme un âne_; as stubborn as a mule. _Il est — de cette femme_; he is infatuated with that woman. =entêtement= (ān-tê-tmān), _n.m._, stubbornness, waywardness; obstinacy; infatuation. _Son — le perdra_; his stubbornness will be his ruin. =entêter=, _v.a._, to affect the head, to make giddy, to intoxicate; to prepossess, to infatuate, to render vain; to head (pins). _Vin qui entête_; heady wine. _Les louanges nous entêtent_; praises are apt to make us conceited. _s’_=entêter=, _v.r._, to become stubborn, wayward, obstinate; to be infatuated with, to take a strong fancy to, to be bent upon; to do a thing at any price. =entêteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, header (of pins). =enthousiasme=, _n.m._, enthusiasm, rapture, ecstasy. =enthousiasmer=, _v.a._, to enrapture, to render enthusiastic. _Il est enthousiasmé de cette musique_; he is in raptures with that music. _s’_=enthousiasmer=, _v.r._, to become enthusiastic; to be in raptures. =enthousiaste=, _n.m.f._, enthusiast. =enthousiaste=, _adj._, enthusiastic. =enthymème=, _n.m._, (log.) enthymeme. =entiché=, =-e=, _part._, (l.u.) infected (fruit); tainted, marred; infatuated with, wedded to; overfond of, overpartial to. _Fruit —_; spoiled fruit. =enticher=, _v.a._, to taint, to infect; to infatuate. _Vous l’avez entiché de ce système_; you have infatuated him with that system. _s’_=enticher=, _v.r._, to become infected; infatuated with; wedded to. _Il s’est entiché de cette femme_; that woman has bewitched him. =enti-er=, =-ère= (-tié, -tiè-r), _adj._, entire, whole, complete, total; obstinate, positive, self-willed; (arith.) integral. _Une —e soumission_; complete submission. _Cheval —_; stone-horse, stallion, entire horse. _Pain —_; whole loaf. _Nombre —_; (arith.) integer. _Il est très —_; he is very self-willed _or_ obstinate. =entier= (-tié), _n.m._, entireness; (arith.) integral. _En son —_; at full length; in full, bodily, wholly. =entièrement= (ān-tièr-mān), _adv._, entirely, wholly. _— ruiné_; utterly ruined. =entité=, _n.f._, (philos.) entity. =entoilage=, _n.m._, lining; pasting _or_ mounting on canvas. =entoiler=, _v.a._, to line; to mount upon canvas. =entoir=, _n.m._, (hort.) grafting-knife. =entomologie=, _n.f._, entomology. =entomologique=, _adj._, entomological. =entomologiste=, _n.m._, entomologist. =entonnement= (ān-to-n-mān), _n.m._, tunning, barreling, casking. _s’_=entonner=, _v.r._, (of the wind) to rush into, to blow down. _Le vent s’entonne dans la cheminée_; the wind blows down the chimney. =entonner=, _v.a._, to tun, to barrel, to put into casks; (mus.) to begin to sing; to intonate, to strike up; to celebrate, to quaff. _Il entonne bien_; (pop.) he drinks hard. _— une chanson à boire_; to strike up a drinking song. =entonnerie=, _n.f._, place where beer is barreled. =entonnoir=, _n.m._, funnel; (anat.) funnel. _Fleurs en —_; funnel-shaped flowers; (fig. and pop.) tippler, hard-drinker, toper. =entorse=, _n.f._, sprain; strain, twist, shock. _Il s’est donné une — au pied_; he has sprained his foot. *=entortillage=, _n.m._, entanglement, intricacy, obscurity; subterfuge; circumlocution, equivocation; involved _or_ obscure discourse. *=entortillé=, =-e=, _part._, twined, wound about; twisted; (of style) involved, obscure. *=entortillement=, _n.m._, winding, twining, twisting, entanglement; intricacy, obscurity. _L’— d’un serpent_; the twisting of a serpent. *=entortiller=, _v.a._, to wrap, to roll round, to wind, to coil; to twist, to distort; to get round, to get the better of. _Laissez-moi tranquille, vous m’entortillez_; (pop.) leave me alone, you bother me. _s’_=entortiller=, _v.r._, to twist round, to wind round; to twine. =entour=, _n.m._, [always employed in the plural, save in the adverbial expression: _À l’—_; around]. _—s_; environs, adjacent parts; persons around one. _Prendre les —s_; to gain over to one’s interest the persons around any one. =entourage=, _n.m._, frame; setting, mounting, (of jewelry); confidants, advisers, friends, servants, relations, circle, attendants. =entourer=, _v.a._, to inclose, to surround, to encompass; to hem round. _— une ville de murailles_; to encompass a town with walls. _Entouré de terre_; land-locked. _— quelqu’un de soins_; to lavish attentions upon any one. =entournure=, _n.f._, arm-hole; sloping (of sleeves). =en-tout-cas=, _n.m._, (_—_) sun-shade. _s’_=entr’accorder=, _v.r._, to agree together. _s’_=entr’accuser=, _v.r._, to accuse one another. =entr’acte=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (thea.) interval (between the acts); interlude, intermede. _Dans l’—_; between the acts. _Faire de longs —s_; to have long intervals, waits. _s’_=entr’admirer=, _v.r._, to admire one another. _s’_=entr’aider=, _v.r._, to help, to aid, one another. *=entrailles=, _n.f.pl._, entrails, bowels, intestines, inward parts; feelings, tenderness, heart; pity. _Elle a pour moi des — de mère_; she has a motherly affection for me. _Cet acteur a des —s_; this actor has feeling. _s’_=entr’aimer=, _v.r._, to love one another. =entrain=, _n.m._, warmth; heartiness; spirit, spirits; animation; life; go. =entraînant=, =-e=, _adj._, that carries away, captivating, inspiriting, seductive. _Un style —_; a captivating style. _Eloquence —e_; winning eloquence. =entraînement= (ān-trè-n-mān), _n.m._, impulse, sway, prevalence; rapture, enthusiasm; temptation, allurement; training (of horses for races). =entraîner=, _v.a._, to carry away, to sweep off; to hurry away, to hurry along; to draw, to drag after, to bring, to win, to gain, over; to drag away, along; to entail, to involve; to train (race-horses). _— les cœurs_; to win all hearts. _— quelqu’un dans l’erreur_; to lead any one into error. _La guerre entraîne après elle bien des maux_; war drags after it many evils. =entraîneur=, _n.m._, horse-trainer. =entrait=, _n.m._, (carp.) tie-beam. =entrant=, =-e=, _adj._, ingoing, incoming, insinuating; entering office. _Les conseillers —s_; the newly appointed councilors. =entrant=, _n._, person coming in. _Les —s et les sortants_; the outgoers and incomers. _s’_=entr’appeler=, _v.r._, to call one another. =entrave=, _n.f._, clog, hindrance, obstacle, impediment, shackle, fetter. _pl._, horse-lock; trammels, fetters. =entraver=, _v.a._, to shackle, to clog; to fetter, to trammel; to hinder, to impede, to thwart. _— un cheval_; to shackle a horse. =entravon=, _n.m._, cutting-boot (on a horse’s fetlock). _s’_=entr’avertir=, _v.r._, to give one another notice, to warn one another. =entre=, _prep._, between, betwixt; among, amongst, with; in, of, into. _— le ciel et la terre_; between heaven and earth. _Regarder quelqu’un — les deux yeux_; to stare at any one. _Être — deux vins_; to be half seas over. _— chien et loup_; between lights, at dusk. _Ils résolurent — eux_; they resolved among themselves. _— autres_; among others. _Je le mettrai — vos mains_; I will deliver it into your hands. _Cela soit dit — nous_; that is between ourselves. =entre-bâillé=, =-e=, _adj._, ajar, half open. *=entre-bâillement=, _n.m._, part-opening. *=entre-bâiller=, _v.a._, to half open. _s’_=entre-baiser=, _v.r._, to kiss one another. _s’_=entre-battre=, _v.r._, to beat one another, to fight together. _s’_=entre-blesser=, _v.r._, to wound one another. =entrechat=, _n.m._, (dancing) caper, entrechat. _s’_=entre-chercher=, _v.r._, to seek one another, to look for one another. =entrechoquement=, _n.m._, clash; clashing; conflict. _s’_=entre-choquer=, _v.r._, to knock, to clash, to beat, to dash, against one another; to interfere, to thwart each other. _s’_=entre-clore=, _v.r._, to half-close. =entre-colonne=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) _or_ =entre-colonnement=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (arch.) intercolumniation. _s’_=entre-connaître=, _v.r._, to know each other. =entrecôte=, _n.m._, (cook.) piece off the ribs. _s’_=entrecouder=, _v.r._, to elbow one another. =entre-coupe=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_), (arch.) turning-space. =entrecoupement=, _n.m._, intersection; cutting; crossing; faltering. =entrecoupé=, =-e=, _part._, broken (of words). =entrecouper=, _v.a._, to traverse, to cross, to intersect; to stop, to interrupt, to break off. _s’_=entrecouper=, _v.r._, to cut _or_ cross one another; to interrupt one another; to intersect; (vet.) to hit _or_ chafe one leg against the other. =entrecroisement=, _n.m._, intersection, crossing. _s’_=entre-croiser=, _v.r._, to cross one another, to intersect. _s’_=entre-déchirer=, _v.r._, to tear one another to pieces. _s’_=entre-défaire=, _v.r._, to defeat one another. _s’_=entre-détruire=, _v.r._, to destroy one another. =entre-deux=, _n.m._, (_—_) intermediate space; partition; cut; (cook.) middle pier-piece (of a cod); insertion (lace); (nav.) trough of the sea. =entre-deux=, _adv._, (l.u.) betwixt and between. _s’_=entre-dévorer=, _v.r._, to devour one another; to ruin one another. _s’_=entre-dire=, _v.r._, to tell one another. _S’— des injures_; to call one another names. _s’_=entre-donner=, _v.r._, to give one another. =entrée=, _n.f._, entry, entrance; mouth; entering, coming in; reception; beginning; introduction, inlet; (cook.) first-course, side-dish; admission-money, entrance-money; custom-duty; entrée (dancing). _L’— d’un port_; the mouth of a harbor. _— et sortie d’un acteur_; entrance and exit of an actor. _Avoir ses —s_; to have free admission _or_ access to, to be on the free-list of a theatre. _Droit d’—_; custom-duty. _Payer l’—_; to pay a town-due; (custom-house) to pay duty. _Tuyau d’—_; (tech.) inlet-pipe. ☉_D’—_; at first, at the first. _s’_=entre-fâcher=, _v.r._, to anger one another. =entrefaites=, _n.f.pl._, interval, meantime. _Dans ces —_, _Sur ces —_; meanwhile. =entre-filet=, _n.m._, a short paragraph, note. _s’_=entre-fouetter=, _v.r._, to whip _or_ lash one another. _s’_=entre-frapper=, _v.r._, to strike one another. =entregent=, _n.m._, (fam.) shrewdness, address, tact. _Cet homme fera son chemin, il a de l’—_; that man will get on, he possesses tact. _s’_=entr’égorger=, _v.r._, to cut each other’s throat; to kill one another. _s’_=entre-haïr=, _v.r._, to hate each other. _s’_=entre-heurter=, _v.r._, to knock _or_ beat one against the other. =entre-jambes=, _n.m._, fork; knee-hole. =entrelacement= (-las-mān), _n.m._, interweaving, wreathing, blending, intertwining. =entrelacer=, _v.a._, to interlace, to intertwine, to interweave, to wreathe, to weave, to braid; to plash; to wattle. _Des branches entrelacées_; interwoven branches. _s’_=entrelacer=, _v.r._, to entwine, to twist, to wreathe. =entrelacs= (-lâ), _n.m._, ciphers; flourishes; interlaced ornaments; (arch., paint.) twine. =entrelardé=, =-e=, _part._, interlarded, streaky. =entrelarder=, _v.a._, to interlard; to insert between. =entre-large=, _adj._, (com.) of middle width. *=entre-ligne=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) space between lines, interlineation; (print.) space-line, lead. _s’_=entre-louer=, _v.r._, to praise one another, to laud one another. =entre-luire=, _v.n._, to glimmer. _s’_=entremanger=, _v.r._, to eat one another. =entremêlement=, _n.m._, intermixing; intermixture. =entremêler=, _v.a._, to intermingle, to intermix. _s’_=entremêler=, _v.r._, to intermingle, to intermix; to meddle. _Des nuances qui s’entremêlent_; shades (of color) which are blended together. _s’_=entre-mesurer=, _v.r._, to measure each other. =entremets= (-mè), _n.m._, (cook.) side-dish, entremets. =entremetteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, go-between, manager, mediator; procurer; procuress. _s’_=entremettre=, _v.r._, to interpose, to interfere, to intermeddle, to meddle. =entremise=, _n.f._, interposition, mediation, intervention, interference; medium, agency; (nav.) carling. _Par l’— de la presse_; through the medium of the press. _Par son —_; thanks to him. _s’_=entre-mordre=, _v.r._, to bite one another. _s’_=entr’empêcher=, _v.r._, to hinder, to thwart, one another. =entre-nœud=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (bot.) internode. =entrenouer=, _v.a._, to interknot. _s’_=entre-nuire=, _v.r._, to hurt one another, to injure each other. _s’_=entre-pardonner=, _v.r._, to pardon one another. _s’_=entre-parler=, _v.r._, to speak to one another, to talk together. =entrepas=, _n.m._, (man.) amble, ambling pace. _s’_=entre-percer=, _v.r._, to run each other through, to pierce each other. *_s’_=entre-piller=, _v.r._, to plunder one another. *=entre-pointillé=, =-e=, _adj._, (engr.) composed of line and dotted engraving. =entrepont=, _n.m._, (nav.) between decks, orlop deck. _Dans les —_; between decks. =entreposage=, _n.m._, bonding, warehousing. =entreposer=, _v.a._, to bond, to put in bond; to store, to warehouse. =entreposeur=, _n.m._, bonded-warehouse-keeper; warehouse-keeper. =entrepositaire=, _n.m._, bonder. =entrepôt=, _n.m._, mart, free port, emporium; bond; bonded warehouse; store. _— fictif_; town warehouse. _— réel_; king’s warehouse, queen’s warehouse, bonded warehouse. _Mutation d’—_; removal to another warehouse; removal of bonded goods. _Port à l’—_; bonded port; warehousing port. _En —_; in bond. _Faire une mutation d’—_; to remove goods to another warehouse. _Mettre en —_; to bond. _Réintégrer dans l’—_; to rewarehouse. _s’_=entre-pousser=, _v.r._, to push each other. =entreprenable=, _adj._, undertakable. =entreprenant=, =-e=, _adj._, enterprising, adventurous, venturesome; daring, bold, pushing, encroaching. =entreprendre=, _v.a._, to undertake, to attempt, to take in hand, to take upon one’s self; to contract for, to contract to; to adventure, to offer, to venture; to trouble. _— quelqu’un_; to set on any one, to fall foul of any one, to banter _or_ jeer any one. =entreprendre=, _v.n._, to encroach on, to infringe upon; to undertake. =entrepreneur=, _n.m._, master-builder; contractor. _— de diligences_; coach proprietor. _— de maçonnerie_; master-mason. _— de pompes funèbres_; undertaker. =entrepreneuse=, _n.f._, maker. =entrepris=, =-e=, _adj._, crippled, impotent; disconcerted. _Il est — d’un bras_; he has lost the use of an arm. =entreprise=, _n.f._, enterprise, undertaking, attempt, venture; usurpation, violence; contract; (com.) concern, establishment, company. _À —_; by contract. _Par —_; by contract. _Ouvrage à l’—_; work by contract. _— par masse de travaux_; contract by the lump. _Il échoue dans ses —s_; he fails in his undertakings. _— générale des messageries_; general coach and conveyance office. _Tenter l’—_; to make the attempt. _s’_=entre-produire=, _v.r._, to produce each other. _s’_=entre-quereller=, _v.r._, to quarrel with each other. =entrer=, _v.n._, to enter, to come in, to go in, to get in, to walk in, to march in, to drop in, to step in; to pierce, to run into; (astron.) to house; (nav.) to let in; to enter (book-keeping). _— bien avant_; to penetrate far. _— une seconde fois_; to re-enter. _Faire —_; to show in, to usher in, to send in. _Faire — un vaisseau dans un bassin_; to dock a ship. _— dans le monde_; to go out into the world _or_ into society. _— en possession_; to take possession. _— au service de quelqu’un_; to enter any one’s service. _— en maison_; to go into service. _— en religion_; to become a monk _or_ a nun. _— dans sa vingtième année_; to enter on one’s twentieth year. _— en jeu_; to come into play. _Vous n’entrez pas dans ma pensée_; you mistake my meaning. _— dans les intérêts de quelqu’un_; to side with any one. _— dans les goûts_; to be of any one’s taste. _— en danse_; to begin to dance. _Faire — quelque chose dans un discours_; to introduce something into a speech. _Il y entre pour un cinquième_; he has a fifth share in the enterprise. _Cet article n’entre pour rien dans mes demandes_; this article has nothing to do with my demands. _On ne saurait lui rien faire — dans la tête_; there is no driving anything into his head. _On n’entre pas ici_; no admittance here. =entre-rails=, _n.m._, (rail.) gauge, four-foot way. _s’_=entre-regarder=, _v.r._, to look at, to stare at one another. _s’_=entre-regretter=, _v.r._, to regret each other. _s’_=entre-répondre=, _v.r._, to answer one another. =entre-sabords=, _n.m._, (nav.) between ports. _s’_=entre-saluer=, _v.r._, to salute one another. _s’_=entre-secourir=, _v.a._, to help, to succor, one another. =entresol=, _n.m._, mezzanine, entresol (suite of low rooms between the ground floor and the first floor). =entre-sourcils=, _n.m._, (_—_) space between the eyebrows. _s’_=entre-soutenir=, _v.r._, to support one another. _s’_=entre-souvenir=, _v.r._, to half remember. _s’_=entre-suivre=, _v.r._, to follow each other, to succeed each other. *=entretaille=, _n.f._, (engr.) interline; (dancing) change of foot. *_s’_=entre-tailler=. _V._ _s’_=entrecouper= (vet.). *=entretaillure=, _n.f._, (vet.) cutting, crepance. _s’_=entre-talonner=, _v.r._, to tread on each other’s heels; to follow each other closely. =entre-temps=, _n.m._, (_—_) interval. _Dans l’—_; meanwhile. =entretenir= (ān-trè-tnir), _v.a._, to hold, to hold together, to keep up; to keep in repair, to keep in good order; to keep, to preserve, to maintain, to support, to feed; to cherish; to converse, to talk with; to entertain. _— les chemins_; to keep the roads in repair. _— la paix_; to maintain peace. _s’_=entretenir=, _v.r._, to hold together, to keep up; to be sustained, to be maintained, to be supported, to be kept up; to maintain, to keep, to support one’s self; to subsist; to converse with, to discourse with, to commune with, to talk to. _S’— avec quelqu’un_; to talk with any one. _S’— par lettres_; to converse by letters. _S’— de quelqu’un_; to speak of any one. _Il s’entretient du jeu_; he lives by gambling. _S’— avec soi-même_; to meditate, to reflect. =entretenu=, =-e=, _part._ of entretenir. _Femme —e_; kept woman, mistress. =entretien= (-ti-in), _n.m._, maintenance, keeping, living, livelihood; keeping in repair; conversation, discourse, talk; communication, conference. _Faire l’— du public_; to be the talk of the parish. _Un homme d’un agréable —_; a man of agreeable conversation. =entre-tisser=, _v.a._, to interweave. =entre-tissu=, =-e=, _adj._, interwoven. =entretoile=, _n.f._, insertion; open-work. =entretoise=, _n.f._, (carp.) tie-beam, cross-bar; cross-piece; transom. _s’_=entre-toucher=, _v.r._, to touch one another. _s’_=entre-tuer=, _v.r._, to kill each other. _s’_=entre-vendre=, _v.r._, to sell to each other; to sell each other, to betray each other. =entre-voie=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (rail.) the six-foot way. =entrevoir=, _v.a._, to have _or_ catch a glimpse of, to only just see, to discover a little of; to have an imperfect notion of, to foresee. _— quelqu’un_; to have a glimpse of any one. _J’entrevois de grands obstacles_; I foresee great difficulties. _Laisser —_; to show, to discover, to disclose. _s’_=entrevoir=, _v.r._, to have a meeting, interview, conference; to see, to visit, each other. =entrevous=, _n.m._, (carp.) interjoist. =entrevoûter=, _v.a._, to plaster between joists. =entrevue=, _n.f._, interview, meeting. *=entr’paillé=, =-e=, _adj._, (l.ex.) big-bellied. _s’_=entr’obliger=, _v.r._, to oblige each other. =entr’ouïr=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to hear imperfectly. =entr’ouvert=, =-e=, _part._, partly open, ajar; gaping, yawning; (man.) strained shoulder. =entr’ouverture=, _n.f._, (vet.) shoulder strain. =entr’ouvrir=, _v.a._, to open a little, to half-open. _— une porte_; to half-open; to set a door ajar. _s’_=entr’ouvrir=, _v.r._, to open, to gape, to yawn; to be ajar. _s’_=entr’user=, _v.r._, to wear each other out. =enture=, _n.f._, (gard.) incision, cut (for grafting). =énumérateur=, _n.m._, enumerator. =énumérati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, enumerative. =énumération=, _n.f._, enumeration. =énumérer=, _v.a._, to enumerate, to count, to reckon. =envahir=, _v.a._, to invade, to overrun, to spread over, to overgrow; to encroach upon, to usurp. =envahissant=, =-e=, _adj._, invading, encroaching. =envahissement= (-is-mān), _n.m._, overrunning, invasion, encroachment, usurpation. =envahisseur=, _n.m._, invader. _adj._, invading, encroaching; silting (of sand). =envaser=, _v.a._, to fill up, to choke with mud. _s’_=envaser=, _v.r._, (nav.) to stick fast in the mud; to become filled up and choked with mud; to silt up (of sand, etc.). =enveloppe= (ān-vlop), _n.f._, wrapper, cover, covering; envelope; exterior; disguise; (anat.) coat; casing (of cylinders); tunic (of the eye); (fort.) envelope; (mec.) case, casing; (tech.) cage; (metal.) mold. _— de voyage_, hold-all. _Ecrire sous l’— de quelqu’un_; to write under another person’s cover. =enveloppé=, =-e=, _part._, enveloped, surrounded; ambiguous, equivocal; confused; muddled. _Être — dans un désastre_; to be involved in a misfortune. =enveloppement= (ānv-lop-mān), _n.m._, enveloping, surrounding; wrapping up, envelopment. =envelopper=, _v.a._, to envelop, to wrap up, to cover, to fold up, to do up, to put up; to muffle; to beset, to inclose, to environ, to hem in, to surround; to involve, to implicate; to disguise. _— quelque chose de papier_; to wrap anything up in paper. _— l’ennemi_; to hem in the enemy. _s’_=envelopper=, _v.r._, to cover _or_ wrap one’s self up, to envelop one’s self, to muffle one’s self up; to involve one’s self. =envenimer=, _v.a._, to poison, to envenom, to irritate, to inflame, to exasperate. _— une plaie_; to irritate a wound. _Il l’a envenimé contre moi_; he has exasperated him against me. _s’_=envenimer=, _v.r._, to be envenomed; to fester, to rankle. =enverger=, _v.a._, to garnish with little willow branches. =enverguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, (nav.) to bend a sail to the yards. =envergure=, _n.f._, unfolding; (nav.) extent of sail upon the yards; length of a yard; spread of a bird’s wings when extended. _D’—_; from tip to tip. =envers= (ān-vèr), _prep._, towards, to. _Je vous défendrai — et contre tous_; I will defend you against all men _or_ against the whole world. =envers=, _n.m._, wrong side, reverse side, back. _À l’—_; on the wrong side; inside out. _Il a l’esprit à l’—_; he is wrong-headed, crack-brained, beside himself. _à l’_=envi=, _adv._, in emulation of one another, emulously vying with one another. _À l’— l’un de l’autre_; in emulation of one another. _Ils travaillent à l’— l’un de l’autre_; they vie with each other as to who shall work most. =enviable=, _adj._, enviable, to be envied. =envie=, _n.f._, envy, enviousness; wish, desire, longing, hankering, inclination; birth-mark; hangnail. _L’— le dévore_; he is eaten up with envy. _Sécher d’—_; to pine away with envy. _Faire —_; to be tempting. _Porter — à quelqu’un_; to envy any one. _Avoir — de_; to have a mind to. _J’ai grande — d’aller la voir_; I have a great mind to go and see her. _— de dormir_; sleepiness, drowsiness. _On lui en a donné —_; they have set him all agog upon it. _L’— lui en est passée_; his longing is over. _Il m’en a ôté l’—_; he has put me out of conceit with it. _Passer son — de quelque chose_; to satisfy one’s longing for anything. _Il a une — au visage_; he has a birth-mark on his face. _Il ne fait — à personne_; no one envies him. =envié=, =-e=, _part._, envied. _Il est — de tout le monde_; he is envied by everybody. ☉*=envieilli=, =-e=, _adj._, inveterate, long-established, old, of long standing; hardened. _V._ =endurci=, =invétéré=. ☉*=envieillir=, _v.a._, to make one look old. _V._ =vieillir=. =envier=, _v.a._, to envy, to be envious of, to grudge; to desire, to long for, to wish for. _Je ne lui envie point sa bonne fortune_; I do not envy him his good fortune. =envieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, envious, jealous. _Se faire des —_; to excite envy. =enviné=, =-e=, _adj._, smelling of wine. _Ce baril est —_; that cask smells of wine. =environ=, _adv._, about, nearly, thereabouts. =environnant=, =-e=, _adj._, surrounding. =environner=, _v.a._, to surround; to stand round; to encompass, to beset; to environ; to encircle, to inclose. _— d’une balustrade_; to inclose with a rail. _Les gardes qui environnaient le prince_; the guards who stood round the prince. _L’éclat qui l’environne_; the splendor which surrounds him. =environs=, _n.m.pl._, environs; vicinity, neighborhood; country round. =envisager=, _v.a._, to look, to stare, in the face, to eye, to face; to consider, to view, to look upon, to look at. _— de sang froid le péril_; to look danger in the face. =envoi=, _n.m._, sending; thing sent, present, packet, parcel, package, goods forwarded; goods to be forwarded; (lit.) envoy; (nav.) order to put the helm alee. _Compléter un —_; to make up a parcel. _Faire un —_; to send off a parcel _or_ package. _Lettre d’—_; letter of advice. _s’_=envoiler=, _v.r._, (metal.) to warp, to bend. =envoisiné=, =-e=, _adj._, surrounded by neighbors. =envoisiner=, _v.a._, to surround with neighbors. _s’_=envoler=, _v.r._, to fly away, to take wing; to be carried off (by the wind); to disappear, to vanish. _L’oiseau s’est envolé_; the bird has flown. =envoûtement=, _n.m._, magical charm. =envoûter=, _v.a._, to cast a spell on any one. =envoyé=, _n.m._, envoy; deputy, delegate; messenger. _L’— de Dieu_; the messenger of God. =envoyer=, _v.a._, to send, to forward, to dispatch; to transmit. _Je vous envoie mon domestique_; I send you my servant. _— chercher_; to send for. _— au diable_, _— à tous les diables_; to send to the devil. _— paître_, _— promener_; to send off, to send about one’s business; to send any one off with a flea in his ear. _— dire_; to send word. _— en prison_; to commit to prison. _Envoie!_ (nav.) bout-ship! _S’—_; to send to each other; to be sent. =envoyeur=, _n.m._, sender. _adj.m._, (post-office) dispatching. _Bureau —_; dispatching office. =éolien=, =-ne=, (-li-in, -liè-n), _adj._, Eolian, Eolic. _Harpe —ne_; Eolian harp. =éolien=, _n.m._, Eolic (dialect). =éolipyle=, _n.m._, (phys.) æolipile (smoke-driving apparatus). =éolique=, _adj._, Eolic, Eolian. =épacte=, _n.f._, (astron.) epact. *=épagneul=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, spaniel. =épais=, =-se=, _adj._, thick, big; heavy, dull, gross. _Mur — de deux pieds_; wall two feet thick. _Brouillard —_; thick fog. _Ignorance —se_; gross ignorance. _Un homme —_; a blockhead. _Avoir la langue —se_; to speak thick. _Des cheveux —_; thick hair. =épais=, _n.m._, thickness; thick part. =épais=, _adv._, thick, thickly. _Semer —_; to sow thick. =épaisseur=, _n.f._, thickness; depth; density; dullness. =épaissir=, _v.a._, to thicken, to make thick. _s’_=épaissir=, _v.r._, to become thick, to get thick, to grow thick; to become big, to grow large; to become heavy _or_ dull. _Sa langue s’épaissit_; he is beginning to speak thick. =épaissir=, _v.n._, to thicken, to become thick; to get stout, to grow stout, to become stout. =épaississement= (-sis-mān), _n.m._, thickening, thickness. =épamprage= _or_ =épamprement=, _n.m._, lopping off; pruning; feeding off (of a corn-field). =épamprer=, _v.a._, to lop off, _or_ to prune, a vine; to feed off. =épanchement= (é-pānsh-mān), _n.m._, pouring out, shedding; overflowing, effusion. _— de cœur_; opening of one’s heart. =épancher=, _v.a._, to pour out, to spill; to shed; to open. _— son cœur_; to open one’s heart. _s’_=épancher=, _v.r._, to be discharged, poured out, to escape; to open one’s heart, to unbosom one’s self. =épanchoir=, _n.m._, outlet, drain. =épandre=, _v.a._, to pour out, to scatter, to strew, to throw here and there. _V._ =répandre=. _s’_=épandre=, _v.r._, to spread out, to be scattered, to flow. =épanorthose=, _n.f._, (rhet.) epanorthosis. =épanoui=, =-e=, _adj._, blown, full-blown; cheerful, jolly, beaming. =épanouir=, _v.a._, to expand, to smooth, to brighten up, to gladden. _— la rate_; to make merry, to drive away the spleen. _s’_=épanouir=, _v.r._, (of flowers) to blow, to expand, to open; to brighten up. _Son visage s’épanouit_; his face brightened up. =épanouissement= (-noo-is-mān), _n.m._, blowing, opening (of flowers); (bot.) expansion. =éparcet=, _n.m._ _V._ =esparcet=, =esparcette=. _s’_=éparer=, _v.r._, (man.) to jerk, to fling out; to kick. _V._ =ruer=. *=épargnant=, =-e=, _adj._, sparing, saving, economical; parsimonious. *=épargne=, _n.f._, economy, saving, thrift, sparingness; ☉treasury. _— mesquine_; shabby saving. _Avec —_; sparingly. _Aller à l’—_, _user d’—_; to save, to be saving. _Il vit de ses —s_; he lives on his savings. _Aller à l’— des mots_; to be sparing of words. _Caisse d’—_ or _caisse d’— et de prévoyance_; savings-bank. _Tailler_, or _graver_, _en —_; (engr.) to reserve. *=épargner=, _v.a._, to save, to lay up, to lay by, to spare, to husband, to economize; to spare (any one). _— son bien_; to save one’s wealth. _On ne lui épargne pas l’argent_; they allow him plenty of money. _Ne m’épargnez pas_; do not spare me. _s’_*=épargner=, _v.r._, to spare one’s self; to spare one another. *=épargner=, _v.n._, to economize, to be saving, to be sparing. _— sur sa toilette_; to save in dress. *=éparpillement=, _n.m._, scattering, dispersing, dispersion. *=éparpiller=, _v.a._, to scatter, to strew about, to spread, to throw here and there, to disperse; to fritter away, to squander. _— ses troupes_; to scatter one’s troops. =épars=, =-e=, _adj._, scattered, dispersed, straggling, sparse; (of hair) disheveled; thin (of plants). =éparvin= _or_ =épervin=, _n.m._, (vet.) spavin. _— osseux_, _— sec_; blood-spavin; string-halt. =épaté=, =-e=, _adj._, broad-footed; wide; with the foot broken off (of glasses); flat (of noses); (pop.) amazed, dumfounded. =épatement=, _n.m._, amazement. =épater=, _v.a._, to break the foot off (a glass); to flatten; to widen; (pop.) to amaze, to dumfound. _s’_=épater=, _v.r._, to sprawl; to get broken (of glass). =épaulard=, _n.m._, (ich.) grampus, ork. =épaule=, _n.f._, shoulder; start (of wheels). _Des —s larges_; broad shoulders. _Hausser les —s_; to shrug one’s shoulders. _Faire hausser les —s à quelqu’un_; to make any one shrug his shoulders. _Plier les —s_; to put up with. _Prêter l’— à quelqu’un_; to back up any one. _Donner un coup d’— à_; to help any one; to give any one a lift. _Faire une chose par-dessus l’—_; to leave a thing undone; to do a thing over the left. _Porter sur les —s_; (fig.) to be heartily sick of. _Marcher des —s_; to slouch. _L’— d’un bastion_; the flank of a bastion. _—s d’un vaisseau_; bows of a ship. =épaulée=, _n.f._, push (with the shoulders); (cook.) fore-quarter of mutton without the shoulder. _—s_; shouldering. _Faire une chose par —s_; to do a thing by fits and starts. =épaulement= (é-pôl-mān), _n.m._, a shoulder-piece, covert; shoulder; (fort.) epaulement, demi-bastion, breastwork. =épauler=, _v.a._, to break the shoulder, to splay; to help, to back, to countenance, to bring to the shoulder, to prop; to press to the shoulder (of rifles). _— des troupes_; to cover troops. _Bête épaulée_; animal with a sprained shoulder; (fig., fam.) a perfect fool; a dishonored woman. =épaulette=, _n.f._, shoulder-strap; shoulder-piece; epaulet. _— à gros grains_, _— à graine d’épinards_; (milit.) epaulet with large bullion worn by field and general officers. =épave=, _adj._, (jur.) stray, strayed. =épave=, _n.f._, wreck; (jur.) waif; stray; estray. _—s maritimes_, _—s de mer_; wreck, wreckage. =épeautre=, _n.m.f._, spelt, great barley; wheat. =épée=, _n.f._, sword; (fig.) brand, steel; swordsman. _Charger l’— à la main_; to charge sword in hand. _Un homme d’—_; a swordsman, a soldier. _Mettre l’— à la main_; to draw one’s sword. _Se battre à l’—_; to fight with swords. _Passer l’— au travers du corps_; to run a man through the body. _Presser quelqu’un l’— dans les reins_; to press any one close, hard. _Une — vierge_; a sword that has never been fleshed _or_ drawn. _N’avoir que la cape et l’—_; to have nothing but one’s nobility; to have no other fortune but one’s sword. _Il est brave comme l’— qu’il porte_; he is true to the backbone. _L’— use le fourreau_; the sword wears out the scabbard. _C’est un coup d’— dans l’eau_; it is beating the air. _Passer au fil de l’—_; to put to the edge of the sword, to put to the sword. _Être_, _en être_, _aux —s et aux couteaux_; to be at daggers drawn. _Jouer de l’— à deux talons_; to take to one’s heels. _Son — est trop courte_; his arm is not long enough. _C’est son — de chevet_; he is his bosom friend, his constant companion; (fig.) his favorite theme; his hobby. _— de mer_; (ich.) sword-fish. =épeiche=, _n.f._, (orni.) golden oriole, witwall. =épeler= (é-plé), _v.a._, to spell. _Epelez ce mot_; spell that word. _— mal_; to misspell. =épellation=, _n.f._, naming the letters of a word, spelling. =épenthèse=, _n.f._, (gram.) epenthesis. =épenthétique=, _adj._, (gram.) epenthetical. =éperdu=, =-e=, _adj._, distracted, bewildered, aghast. _Tout — d’amour_; quite distraught with love. =éperdument=, _adv._, distractedly, passionately, desperately. =éperlan=, _n.m._, (ich.) smelt, sparling. =éperon= (épron), _n.m._, spur; wrinkle, crow’s foot; gaffle (of game cocks); (arch.) buttress, counterfort; (nav.) head of a ship; cutwater, ram; (fort.) spur. _Donner de l’— à un cheval_; to clap spurs to a horse. _Chausser les —s_; to put on spurs. _Cheval qui n’a ni bouche ni —_; horse that obeys neither rein nor spur. _Il a besoin d’—s_; he wants spurring on. _Chausser les — à quelqu’un_; to put spurs on any one. =éperonné=, =-e= (é-pro-né), _adj._, spurred; wrinkled. _Elle a les yeux —s_; she has wrinkles about her eyes. =éperonner=, _v.a._, to spur; to spur on; to urge forward; to wrinkle. =éperonnerie=, _n.f._, spur-making, spur-trade. =éperonnier=, _n.m._, spur-maker; Indian peacock. =éperonnière=, _n.f._, spur-leather; (bot.) larkspur. =épervier=, _n.m._, (orni.) hawk, sparrow-hawk; cast-net. =épervière=, _n.f._, (bot.) hawkweed. =épervin=, _n.m._ _V._ =éparvin=. =éphèdre=, _n.f._, shrubby horse-tail, sea-grass. =éphélide=, _n.f._, (med.) sun-burn; freckle. =éphémère=, _adj._, ephemeral. =éphémère=, _n.f._, ephemera, day-fly. =éphémérides=, _n.f.pl._, ephemerides. =éphod= (é-fod), _n.m._, (Jewish antiq.) ephod. =éphore=, _n.m._, (Grec. antiq.) ephor. =épi=, _n.m._, ear of corn; awn. _— bien garni_; well-filled ear. _— de cheveux_; tuft of hair, topknot. _— de diamants_; cluster of diamonds. _— d’eau_; pond-weed. _— de faîte_; (arch.) top of the crown-post. _Assembler en —_; to scarf. =épice=, _n.f._, spice. _pl._, ☉judges’ fees. _Pain d’—_; gingerbread. _Fine —_; sharp fellow, knowing blade. _Dans les petits sacs sont les bonnes —s_; little and good, _or_ small parcels hold fine wares (pers.). _Herbe aux —s_; allspice. =épicé=, =-e=, _adj._, spiced, spicy; hot, seasoned. =épicène=, _adj._, (gram.) epicene. =épicer=, _v.a._, to spice; ☉(of judges) to charge too high fees. =épicerie= (é-pi-srî), _n.f._, spices, grocery; grocery-business. _Petite —_; chandlery. =épichérème= (-ké-), _n.m._, (log.) epichirema. =épici-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, grocer; vulgar fellow. _Il faut envoyer ce livre à l’—_; this book must go to the butter-shop. =épicrâne=, _n.m._, (anat.) epicranium. =épicurien=, =-ne= (-i-in, -iè-n), _n._ and _adj._, epicure; epicurean. =épicurisme=, _n.m._, epicureanism, epicurism. =épicycle=, _n.m._, (astron.) epicycle. =épicycloïde=, _n.f._, (geom.) epicycloid. =épidémie=, _n.f._, epidemic. =épidémique=, _adj._, epidemic, epidemical. =épidendre=, _n.m._, (bot.) epidendrum. =épiderme=, _n.m._, epidermis, cuticle, scarfskin. =épidermique=, _adj._, (anat.) epidermic, epidermical. =épididyme=, _n.m._, (anat.) epididymis. =épié=, =-e=, _part._, eared, awny, awned. =épier=, _v.n._, to ear, to shoot into ears. =épier=, _v.a._, to watch, to be a spy upon, to pry into. _Il épie ce que vous faites_; he is a spy upon your actions. _On épie vos démarches_; your steps are being dogged. _S’—_; to watch one another. =épierrement=, _n.m._, clearing land of stones. =épierrer=, _v.a._, to clear away stones. =épieu=, _n.m._, boar-spear, javelin, stake. =épieu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, watcher, spier, eavesdropper; Paul Pry. =épigastre=, _n.m._, (anat.) epigastrium. =épigastrique=, _adj._, (anat.) epigastric. =épiglotte=, _n.f._, (anat.) epiglottis. =épigrammatique=, _adj._, epigrammatic, epigrammatical. =épigrammatiquement=, _adv._, epigrammatically. =épigrammatiser=, _v.n._, to write epigrams. =épigrammatiste=, _n.m._, epigrammatist. =épigramme=, _n.f._, epigram. =épigraphe=, _n.f._, epigraph. =épigraphie=, _n.f._, epigraphics, epigraphy. =épigraphique=, _adj._, pertaining to epigraphy. =épigyne=, _adj._, (bot.) epigynous. =épilatoire=, _adj._, depilatory. =épilepsie=, _n.f._, (med.) epilepsy. _Attaque d’—_; epileptic fit, fit of epilepsy. =épileptique=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, epileptic; epileptical. =épiler=, _v.a._, to depilate. _s’_=épiler=, _v.r._, to pluck out one’s gray hairs. =épileu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, depilator (pers.). *=épillet=, _n.m._, (bot.) spikelet. =épilobe=, _n.m._, (bot.) willow-herb. =épilogue= (-log), _n.m._, epilogue. =épiloguer= (-ghé), _v.n._, to carp at, to censure, to criticise, to find fault with, to split hairs. _Il épilogue sur tout_; he finds fault with everything. =épiloguer=, _v.a._, to criticise, to find fault with, to carp at. =épilogueur= (-gheur), _n.m._, critic, fault-finder, carper. _adj._, fault-finding, carping. =épiloir=, _n.m._, tweezers. =épinaie=, _n.f._, brake, thicket, thorn-bush. =épinard= (-nār), _n.m._, (bot.) spinach. _pl._, (cook.) spinach greens. _—-fraise_; strawberry blite, strawberry-spinach. _— sauvage_; all-good. _Epaulettes à graine d’—s_; epaulets with large bullion. =épine=, _n.f._, thorn; prickle; spine; rub, obstacle, difficulty; bristling point (metal.). _— blanche_; hawthorn; barberry. _— dorsale_, _du dos_; spine; backbone. _Noble —_; hawthorn. _— noire_; German acacia; blackthorn, sloe. _Avoir une — au pied_; to have a thorn in one’s side. _Tirer à quelqu’un une — du pied_; to get some one over a difficulty. _Être sur les —s_, _sur des —s_; to be on pins and needles, _or_ on thorns. _Il n’y a pas de roses sans —s_; no rose without a thorn, no joy without alloy. _Les —s de la chicane_; the thorny points of the law. =épines=, _n.f.pl._, (metal.) bristling points. =épinette=, _n.f._, (mus.) spinet; (bot.) North American fir-tree. =épineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, thorny, prickly; knotty, ticklish, intricate. _Arbres —_; thorny trees. _Pomme —se_; (bot.) stramony, thorn-apple. _Question —se_; ticklish question. =épine-vinette=, _n.f._, berberry, barberry. =épingle=, _n.f._, pin, scarf-pin, breast-pin. _—s_; pin-money, gratuity, douceur. _Attacher avec une —_; to pin. _Il est toujours tiré à quatre —s_; he is always as neat as hands can make him; he always looks as if he had just stepped out of a bandbox, _or_ is always dressed up to the nine. _Tirer son — du jeu_; to get out of a scrape, to back out of anything. _À coups d’—s_; inch by inch; by pin-pricks. _— à cheveux_; hairpin. _Oter les —s_; to unpin. =épingle=, _adj._, pinned; corded, terry. _Velours —_; light terry velvet. =épingler=, _v.a._, to pin, to prick, to clean. =épinglette=, _n.f._, (artil.) priming-iron; priming-wire; (mining) piercer; (tech.) pricker. =épingli-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, pin-maker. =épinière=, _adj.f._, (anat.) spinal. _Moelle —_; spinal marrow. =épiniers=, _n.m.pl._, (hunt.) brake, thicket. =épinoche=, _n.f.m._, (com.) best coffee. _f._, (ich.) stickleback. =épiphanie=, _n.f._, Epiphany. =épiphonème=, _n.m._, (rhet.) epiphonema. =épiphora=, _n.m._, (med.) epiphora, watery eye. =épiphyse=, _n.f._, (anat.) epiphysis. =épiploon=, _n.m._, (anat.) epiploon. =épique=, _adj._, epic. =épiscopal=, =-e=, _adj._, episcopal. =épiscopal=, _n.m._, episcopalian. =épiscopalement=, _adv._, episcopally. =épiscopat=, _n.m._, episcopate, episcopacy. =épiscopaux=, _n.m.pl._, Episcopalians. =épisode=, _n.m._, episode. =épisodique=, _adj._, episodical. =épispastique=, _n.m._, _adj._, (med.) epispastic. =épisperme=, _n.m._, (bot.) seed-coat, episperm, aril, arillus. =épisser=, _v.a._, (nav.) to splice. =épissoir=, _n.m._, (nav.) fid, splicing-fid; marlinspike. =épissure=, _n.f._, (nav.) splice. =épistolaire=, _adj._, epistolary. =épistolaire=, _n.m._, letter-writer. =épistoli-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, letter-writer; (c.rel.) lectionary. =épistolographe=, _n.m._, Greek _or_ Latin letter-writer. =épistyle=, _n.m._, (arch.) epistyle. =épitaphe=, _n.f._, epitaph. =épitase=, _n.f._, (dramatic lit.) epitasis. =épithalame=, _n.m._, epithalamium, nuptial song. =épithème=, _n.m._, (pharm.) epithem. =épithète=, _n.f._, epithet. =épitoge=, _n.f._, hood; shoulder-knot; cassock. =épitomé=, _n.m._, epitome; compendium; abridgment. =épître=, _n.f._, epistle, letter, missive. _— dédicatoire_; dedicatory epistle. _Le côté de l’—_; the right-hand side of the altar. =épitrope=, _n.f._, (rhet.) epitrope. =épizootie= (-tî), _n.f._, epizooty. =épizootique=, _adj._, epizootic. _Maladie —_; epizootic distemper. *=éplaigner=, _v.a._, (manu.) to raise the nap of the cloth, to tease, to teasel. =éplaigneur=, _n.m._, cloth-dresser, teaseler. =éploré=, =-e=, _adj._, in tears, weeping, disconsolate, distressed. =éployé=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) spread (of the eagle). =épluchage=, _n.m._, (manu.) picking. =épluchement= (é-plush-mān), _n.m._, cleaning, picking. =éplucher=, _v.a._, to pick, to clean, to sift; to examine minutely. _— la vie de quelqu’un_; to examine minutely into any one’s life. _— un ouvrage_; to examine a work minutely, _or_ to pick any work to pieces. _s’_=éplucher=, _v.r._, to clean itself (of certain animals); (fig.) to examine one’s self. =éplucheu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, picker; fault-finder; hair-splitter. =éplucheuse=, _n.f._, picker (instrument). =épluchoir=, _n.m._, paring-knife. =épluchures=, _n.f.pl._, parings, pickings, orts, refuse. =épode=, _n.f._, epode. =épointé=, =-e=, _adj._, without a point, blunt-topped; (of a dog) with a broken thigh; (of a horse) hip-shot. =épointement=, _n.m._, bluntness. =épointer=, _v.a._, to break off the point, to blunt. _s’_=épointer=, _v.r._, to have its point broken off. *=épointillage=, _n.m._, (tech.) burling. *=épointiller=, _v.a._, (tech.) to burl (cloth). =épointure=, _n.f._, (of horses, etc.) hip-shot. =épois=, _n.m.pl._, trochings (of a deer). =éponge=, _n.f._, sponge. _Passer l’— sur quelque action_; to say no more about, _or_ to forget, an action. _Presser l’—_; to squeeze the sponge; to exact too much. _Il boit comme une —_; he drinks like a fish. =éponger=, _v.a._, to sponge; to sponge up; to mop. =épongier=, _n.m._, (l.u.) spongeman. *=épontille=, _n.f._, (nav.) stanchion, prop. *=épontiller=, _v.a._, to prop, to shore. =éponyme=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (antiq.) eponym; eponymous. =épopée=, _n.f._, epopee; epic poem. =époque=, _n.f._, epoch; period, time, date; era. _Faire —_; to mark an era. _Dès cette —_; from that time. _À l’— de_; at the time of. =époucé=, =-e=, _adj._, thumbless. =époudrer=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to dust. _V._ =épousseter=. =épouffé=, =-e=, _adj._, (fam.) out of breath. _s’_=épouffer=, _v.r._, to steal away, to scamper off; to get out of breath from laughing. _V._ =pouffer=. *=épouiller=, _v.a._, (l.ex.) to louse; to clean of lice. *_s’_=épouiller=, _v.r._, (l.ex.) to louse one’s self. =époularder=, _v.a._, to pick, to clean (tobacco). =époullin=, =espolin=, _or_ =espoulin=, _n.m._, (manu.) small shuttle, spool. =époumoner=, _v.a._, to tire the lungs of; to exhaust. _s’_=époumoner=, _v.r._, to tire one’s lungs; (fig.) to vociferate, to shout one’s self hoarse. *=épousailles=, _n.f.pl._, espousals, nuptials. =épouse=, _n.f._, spouse, bride, wife, consort. =épousé=, =-e=, _part._, married, wedded. =épousée=, _n.f._, bride, wife. =épouser=, _v.a._, to marry, to take in marriage, to wed, to espouse, to embrace, to take up. _— une héritière_; to marry an heiress. _— les intérêts d’autrui_; to espouse the interests of others. _s’_=épouser=, _v.r._, to marry each other. =épouseur=, _n.m._, marrying man; intended husband. =époussetage=, _n.m._, dusting. =épousseter= (é-pous-té), _v.a._, to dust, to wipe off the dust; to beat the dust out of; to leather, to dust (beat). _— quelqu’un_; to dust any one’s jacket for him. _s’_=épousseter=, _v.r._, to wipe the dust off one’s self. =époussette=, _n.f._, dusting-rag, duster. =épouti=, _n.m._, orts (in cloth). =époutieuse= (-tieuz), _n.f._, picker, cleaner, burler (of cloth). =époutir=, _v.a._, to pick, to clean (cloth). =épouvantable=, _adj._, frightful, dreadful, tremendous, shocking, horrible; appalling. _À un degré —_; to a frightful degree. =épouvantablement=, _adv._, frightfully, dreadfully, tremendously. *=épouvantail=, _n.m._, scare-crow; bugbear; (orni.) sea-swallow. _C’est un — de chenevière_; she is a perfect scarecrow. =épouvante=, _n.f._, terror, dismay, affright. _Porter l’— dans le pays ennemi_; to spread terror in the enemy’s country. _L’— les a pris_; they were seized with dismay. _Frapper d’—_; to dismay, to affright. =épouvantement=, _n.m._, terror, affright. =épouvanter=, _v.a._, to terrify, to frighten, to appall, to scare. _s’_=épouvanter=, _v.r._, to be frightened _or_ terrified; to take fright. =époux=, _n.m._, spouse, husband, bridegroom. _pl._, husband and wife. _Futur —_; intended husband. =épreindre= (épreignant, épreint), _v.a._, to squeeze out, to press, to express. =épreinte=, _n.f._, tenesmus; straining; (fig.) pressure (chiefly used in _pl._). _s’_=éprendre=, _v.r._, to become enamored of; to fall in love with. =épreuve=, _n.f._, trial, proof, test, ordeal, examination; (print.) proof, revise. _J’en ai fait l’—_; I have tried it, made a trial of it. _Passer par de rudes —s_; to go through hard trials. _Mettre à l’—_; to make a trial of, to put to the test. _À l’— du feu_; fire-proof. _A l’— des balles_; ball-proof. _À l’— de l’eau_; waterproof. _À toute —_; trusty, well-tried, faithful, devoted. _Courage à toute —_; courage proof against everything. _— judiciaire_; ordeal. _Temps d’—_; probation. _— chargée_; (print.) foul proof. _— peu chargée_; (print.) clean proof. _Corriger une —_; (print.) to correct a proof. _Première — d’auteur_; (print.) reader’s proof. _Seconde — d’auteur_; (print.) revise. _Troisième — d’auteur_; (print.) second revise. _— avant la lettre_; (engr.) proof before letters. _Tirer une —_; (print.) to pull a proof. =épris=, =-e=, _adj._, in love, taken with, smitten, charmed with. _Il en est —_; he is smitten with her. =éprouver=, _v.a._, to try, to prove; to put to the proof; to feel, to experience, to meet with; to go through. _— la fidélité de quelqu’un_; to try any one’s fidelity. _— une douleur_; to feel a pain. _— des malheurs_; to meet with misfortunes. _— un canon_; to test a cannon. _S’— à_; to try one’s hand at. =éprouvette=, _n.f._, gauge; steam-gauge; test-glass; eprouvette (for testing gunpowder). _sel d’_=epsom=, _n.m._, Epsom salts. =eptacorde=, _n.m._ _V._ =heptacorde=. =eptagone=, _n.m._ _V._ =heptagone=. =épucer=, _v.a._, to catch the fleas of; to clear of fleas. _s’_=épucer=, _v.r._, to catch one’s fleas. =épuisable=, _adj._, exhaustible. =épuisé=, =-e=, _part._, exhausted; drained; spent; worn out; used up; threadbare; out of print; done up. _Terre —e_; exhausted ground. _L’édition est épuisée_; the book is out of print. =épuisement= (é-puiz-mān), _n.m._, draining; draining off; exhaustion. _L’— des finances_; the low state of the finances. _Tuyau d’—_; exhausting-pipe. =épuiser=, _v.a._, to exhaust, to spend, to drain, to use up; to eat up, to consume. _— une matière_; to exhaust a subject. _Leurs ressources étaient épuisées_; their resources were exhausted. _s’_=épuiser=, _v.r._, to be exhausted, to waste, to wear out, to exhaust one’s self; to sell off, to get out of print. =épuisette=, _n.f._, scoop, hand-net, landing-net. =épulide= _or_ =épulie=, _n.f._, (surg.) epulis. =épulons=, _n.m.pl._, (antiq.) epulones. =épulotique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (pharm.) epulotic. ☉=épurati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, depurating; purifying; refining. =épuration=, _n.f._, purification, purifying, refining, refinement. _— du sang_; purifying of the blood. =épuratoire=, _adj._, purifying. =épure=, _n.f._, (arch.) diagram, draught, working-drawing (of a building). =épurement=, _n.m._, purifying. =épurer=, _v.a._, to purify, to clear, to clarify, to refine; to purge. _— de l’eau bourbeuse_; to clear muddy water. _— de l’or_; to refine gold. _s’_=épurer=, _v.r._, to be purified, to grow finer, more refined (of style, language). =épurge=, _n.f._, (bot.) caper-spurge. =équarrir=, _v.a._, (tech.) to square; to cut up. =équarrissage=, _n.m._, (carp.) squareness; squaring; scantling; flaying and cutting up (horses). _Dix pouces d’—_; ten inches square. _Bois d’—_; squared timber. _Clos d’—_; knacker’s yard. =équarrissement=, _n.m._, (tech.) squaring. =équarrisseur=, _n.m._, knacker. =équarrissoir=, _n.m._, rimer; knacker’s knife. =équateur= (é-koua-), _n.m._, equator, equinoctial line; (country) Ecuador. =équation= (é-koua-), _n.f._, (alg.) equation. _— du premier degré_; (alg.) simple equation. _Poser une —_; to state an equation. _Montre à —_; chronometer. =équatorial=, =-e= (é-koua-), _adj._, equatorial. _n.m._, equatorial telescope (instrument). =équerre=, _n.f._, set square; square rule. _Dresser à l’—_; to square. _À fausse —_; out of square; bevel. _Courbe à —_; (nav.) square knee. =équerrer=, _v.a._, to square, to bevel. =équestre= (é-kuèstr) _adj._, equestrian. =équiangle= (é-kui-) _adj._, (geom.) equiangular. =équidifférent=, =-e= (é-kui-), _adj._, equidifferent. =équidistant=, =-e= (é-kui-), _adj._, (geom.) equidistant. =équilatéral=, =-e= (é-kui-), _adj._, (geom.) equilateral. =équilatère= (é-kui-), _adj._, (l.u.) (geom.) equilateral. =équilboquet=, _n.m._, mortise-gauge. =équilibre=, _n.m._, equilibrium, equipoise, poise, balance. _Mettre en —_; to poise. _Faire l’—_; to make things equal. _Perdre l’—_; to lose one’s equilibrium, one’s balance. =équilibrer=, _v.a._, to poise; to place in equilibrium. _S’—_; to balance (of things). =équilibriste=, _n.m.f._, acrobat. =équille=, _n.f._, (pisc.) sand-eel. =équinoxe=, _n.m._, equinox. _Vents d’—_; equinoctial wind. =équinoxial=, =-e=, _adj._, equinoctial. _Ligne —e_; equinoctial line. =équipage=, _n.m._, equipage, carriage; turnout; equipment; dress; gear, tackle, implements; plight; crew. _Avoir son —_, _rouler —_; to keep one’s carriage. _Être dans un triste —_; to be badly equipped. _Être en triste —_; to be in a sad plight. _— de Jean de Paris_; brilliant equipage. _— de Bohème_; sorry equipage. _Maître d’—_; (nav.) boatswain. =équipe=, _n.f._, (nav.) train of boats; manning; set, gang (of workmen). _Chef d’—_; foreman. _Homme d’—_; boatman, oarsman, porter. _Faire l’—_; to manage; to man (a boat). =équipée=, _n.f._, prank; freak, frolic. =équipement= (é-kip-mān), _n.m._, outfit, fitting out, equipment, accoutrement; manning. _Petit —_; kit. =équiper=, _v.a._, to equip, to fit out, to stock, to furnish, to man; to ill-treat, to pay out. _— une flotte_; to fit out a fleet. _s’_=équiper=, _v.r._, to fit one’s self out; to dress up; to titivate one’s self; to rig one’s self out. =équipet=, _n.m._, (nav.) locker. =équipollence=, _n.f._, (l.u.) equipollence. ☉=équipollent=, _n.m._, equipollent, equivalent. _À l’—_; in proportion. =équipollent=, =-e=, _adj._, equipollent, equivalent. ☉=équipoller=, _v.a._, to be equivalent, to be of the like value; to balance. =équipondérance= (é-kui-), _n.f._, equiponderance. =équitable=, _adj._, equitable, upright, just, fair. =équitablement=, _adv._, equitably, justly, fairly. =équitant=, =-e= (é-kui-), _adj._, (bot.) (of leaves) equitant. =équitation= (é-kui-), _n.f._, equitation, riding, horsemanship. =équité=, _n.f._, equity, justice. =équivalemment= (-la-mān), _adv._, (l.u.) equivalently. =équivalence=, _n.f._, equivalence. =équivalent=, =-e=, _adj._, equivalent. =équivalent=, _n.m._, equivalent. =équivaloir=, _v.n._, to be equivalent, to be tantamount to. =équivalve=, _adj._, (conch.) equivalve. =équivoque=, _adj._, equivocal, ambiguous, doubtful, uncertain. _Un homme —_; a man of doubtful character. =équivoque=, _n.f._, equivocation; ambiguity; evasion, shuffling; (paint.) defect, fault. _User d’—s_; to equivocate. =équivoquer=, _v.n._, to equivocate, to speak ambiguously, to quibble, to shuffle. _s’_=équivoquer=, _v.r._, to use one word for another, to make a slip, to be mistaken. =érable=, _n.m._, maple, maple-tree. _— blanc_; sycamore. _— à sucre_; sugar-maple. _— moucheté_; birds’-eye maple. =éradicati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, eradicative. =éradication=, _n.f._, eradication. =érafler=, _v.a._, to scratch slightly, to graze. =éraflure=, _n.f._, slight scratch, graze. *=éraillé=, =-e=, _part._, frayed, fretted; bloodshot (of the eyes); (nav.) (of cables and ropes) chafed, galled; (of the voice) rough, hoarse, husky. *=éraillement=, _n.m._, (med.) eversion of the eyelids; fraying, fretting, unweaving; huskiness, hoarseness. *=érailler=, _v.a._, to fray, to fret, to unweave. *_s’_=érailler=, _v.r._, to fray; (nav.) to chafe; to become bloodshot (of the eyes); to become husky, hoarse (of the voice). _La gaze est sujette à s’—_; gauze is apt to fray. *=éraillure=, _n.f._, fret, fraying; chafing, gall. =ératé=, =-e=, _part._, spleened; sprightly, lively, gay, arch, shrewd. _Un petit garçon —_; a sprightly little boy. =érater=, _v.a._, to pull out the spleen; to spleen. _s’_=érater=, _v.r._, to run one’s self out of breath, to lose one’s breath through running. =ère=, _n.f._, era, epoch. =érèbe=, _n.m._, (myth.) Erebus. =érecteur=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (anat.) erector (muscle). =érectile=, _adj._, (anat.) erectile. =érection=, _n.f._, erection, erecting; establishment, raising. =éreinter=, _v.a._, to break any one’s back; to tire out, to knock up, to do up; to beat unmercifully (fig.); to cut to pieces; to lash with satire; to slay. _s’_=éreinter=, _v.r._, to break one’s back, to tire one’s self out, to be knocked up; to drudge, to toil and moil. =érémitique=, _adj._, hermitical, eremitical. =érésipélateu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) erysipelatous. =érésipèle=, _n.m._, (med.) erysipelas, St. Anthony’s fire; (vet.) wild-fire. =éréthisme=, _n.m._, (med.) erethismus. =ergastule=, _n.f._, (Rom. antiq.) slaves’ prison. =ergo=, _conj._, (log.) ergo; then, therefore. _—-glu_, _—-gluc_; (fam., jest.) ergo, nothing at all; and what then. =ergot=, _n.m._, spur (of certain birds); (agri.) ergot, spur; (pharm.) ergota, horn-seed; (nav.) taggle; dew-claw (of a dog); (vet.) ergot. _Monter sur ses —s_; to ride the high horse. _Être sur ses —s_; to keep one’s distance; to be stand-offish. _— de coq_; cock’s-spur. =ergotage=, _n.m._ _V._ =ergoterie=. =ergoté=, =-e=, _adj._, spurred, having a dew-claw (of a dog). _Un coq bien —_; a well-spurred cock. _Seigle —_; spurred rye. =ergoter=, _v.n._, to cavil, to wrangle, to chop logic. _Il ergote sur tout_; he finds fault with everything. =ergoterie= (èr-go-trî), _n.f._, caviling; quibbling, quibble. =ergoteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, caviler, quibbler. =ergotisme=, _n.m._, caviling, quibbling, quibble; (med.) ergotism. =éridan=, _n.m._, (astron.) Eridanus. =ériger=, _v.a._, to erect, to raise, to rear, to set up, to institute. _s’_=ériger=, _v.r._, to erect one’s self into; to set up for, to pose as, to pretend to be; to be erected, raised, built. _S’— en censeur public_; to set up for a public censor. *=érigne= _or_ =érine=, _n.f._, (surg.) hook. =érigone=, _n.f._, (astron.) Virgo. =ermin=, _n.m._, customs duty (in the Levant). =erminette= _or_ =herminette=, _n.f._, (carp.) adz. =ermitage=, _n.m._, hermitage. =ermite=, _n.m._, hermit, recluse. _Pâtes d’—_; dry walnuts. =érodé=, =-e=, _adj._, (tech.) eroded, gnawed. =érosi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, erosive. =érosion=, _n.f._, erosion. =érotique=, _adj._, erotic. =érotomanie=, _n.f._, erotomania, nymphomania. =erpétologie=, _n.f._, erpetology. =errant=, =-e= (èr-rān, -t), _adj._, wandering; lost, fugitive, roving, errant; rambling. _Chevalier —_; knight-errant. _Le juif —_; the wandering Jew. =errant=, _n.m._, lost sheep. =errata= (èr-ra-ta), _n.m._, (_—_) errata. =erratique=, _adj._, (med., astron.) erratic. =erratum=, _n.m._, (_—_) erratum. _V._ =errata=. =erre=, _n.f._, course, way; (nav.) way (of a ship). _pl._, track (of a stag). _Aller grand’—_; to go very fast. _Marcher sur les —s de quelqu’un_; to tread in any one’s footsteps. =errements= (èr-mān), _n.m.pl._, traces, track, manner, way, proceedings; vagaries, follies. _Reprendre les anciens — d’une affaire_ or _suivre les vieux —_; to fall into the old track again. =errer= (èr-ré), _v.n._, to wander, to ramble, to stray, to range, to rove, to stroll, to roll; to err, to mistake, to be mistaken, to go astray. _— partout_; to ramble about. _— çà et là_; to ramble about, to stroll up and down, to wander to and fro. _Aller errant_; to wander up and down. =erreur= (èr-reur), _n.f._, error, illusion, mistake, blunder. _Sauf —_; errors excepted. _Être dans l’—_; to be mistaken. _Tirer quelqu’un de son —_; to convince any one of his error. _—!_ not a bit of it! _— n’est pas compte_; misreckoning is no payment. =errhin=, _n.m._, (med.) errhine. =errhin=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) errhine. =erroné=, =-e= (èr-ro-né), _adj._, erroneous, mistaken, false, unsound, untrue. =erronément=, _adv._, erroneously. =ers= (èr), _n.m._, tare, vetch, lentil. =erse=, _n.f._, (nav.) iron cringle. _—s de poulies_; block-strops. =erse=, _adj._, Erse (Gaelic, Irish, Scotch). =erseau=, _n.m._, cringle. =érubescent=, =-e=, _adj._, erubescent, reddening. =érucage=, =érucago=, _or_ =érucague= (-kag), _n.f._, (bot.) rocket. =éructation=, _n.f._, eructation, belching. =éructer=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to eructate, to belch. =érudit=, =-e=, _adj._, erudite, learned. =érudit=, _n.m._, scholar, learned man. =érudition=, _n.f._, learning, erudition, scholarship. =érugineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, eruginous. =erupti-f=, =-ve=, _n.f._, (med.) eruptive. =éruption=, _n.f._, act of breaking forth, eruption; cutting (of teeth). =érysipélateu-x=, =-se=, _adj._ _V._ =érésipélateux=. =érysipèle=, _n.m._ _V._ =érésipèle=. =ès=, _art._, (contraction of _en les_), in, of; (before certain names of towns), _Saint-Germain — Laye_. _Maître — arts_; master of arts. =escabeau=, _n.m._, stool. =escabelle=, _n.f._, stool. _Déranger les —s à_; (fig.) to upset (any one’s) calculations; to baffle _or_ foil (any one). =escache=, _n.f._, scatch, bit (for horses). =escadre=, _n.f._, (nav.) squadron, fleet. _Chef d’—_; commodore; flag-officer. *=escadrille=, _n.f._, (nav.) small squadron, flotilla. =escadron=, _n.m._, (milit.) squadron (of horse). _Chef d’—_; major. =escadronner=, _v.n._, to manœuvre (of cavalry). =escalade=, _n.f._, scaling (a wall); (milit.) escalade. =escalader=, _v.a._, to scale, to climb over; (milit.) to escalade. _S’—_; to be scaled. =escale=, _n.f._, (nav.) putting in, calling. _Faire — dans un port_; to put into a port, to touch at, to call at (a port). =escalier=, _n.m._, staircase, stairs, flight of stairs, steps. _— en limaçon_; winding staircase. _— dérobé_; private staircase. _— de commandement_; (nav.) companion-ladder. =escalin=, _n.m._, Dutch (sixpenny piece). =escalope=, _n.f._, split-bean; (pisc.) scallop; (cook.) a kind of stew. =escamotage=, _n.m._, juggling, sleight of hand; legerdemain; prigging, filching. =escamote=, _n.f._, juggler’s ball. =escamoter=, _v.a._, to juggle, to juggle away; to pilfer, to shuffle out of, to ease of. _On lui a escamoté sa bourse_; they eased him of his purse. =escamoteur=, _n.m._, juggler, conjurer; fleecer, pilferer; pickpocket. =escamper=, _v.n._, to scamper away. =escampette=, _n.f._, scampering. _Il a pris de la poudre d’—_; he has scampered away. =escapade=, _n.f._, prank, freak, spree, frolic, lark. _Faire une —_; to have a lark. =escape=, _n.f._, (arch.) scape. *=escarbille=, _n.f._, coal cinder, clinker. =escarbot=, _n.m._, (ent.) horn-beetle. =escarboucle=, _n.f._, (min.) carbuncle. =escarcelle=, _n.f._, (jest.) purse, money-bag. _Il a rempli son —_; he has filled his purse. =escargot=, _n.m._, snail, edible snail. =escarmouche=, _n.f._, skirmish; brush. _— de route_; (milit.) running fight. _Aller à l’—_; to go out skirmishing; (fig.) caviling, bickering. =escarmoucher=, _v.n._, to skirmish; (fig.) to cavil, to bicker. =escarmoucheur=, _n.m._, skirmisher; caviler. =escarole=, _n.f._, (bot.) endive. =escarotique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (med.) escharotic, caustic. =escarpe=, _n.f._, (fort.) scarp, escarp. =escarpé=, =-e=, _adj._, steep, precipitous, rugged, cragged; (nav.) bluffy. =escarpement=, _n.m._, (fort.) escarpment, steepness. =escarper=, _v.a._, to cut steep _or_ vertically; (milit.) to escarp; (fig.) to do for. =escarpin=, _n.m._, pump (shoe). _Jouer de l’—_; to run away, to take to one’s heels, to bolt. =escarpolette=, _n.f._, swing, see-saw. _Il a la tête à l’—_; he is a hare-brained fellow. =escarre=, _n.f._, (med.) eschar; slough; ☉(fig.) gap. =escaveçade=, _n.f._, (man.) jerk (with the cavesson). =escient=, _n.m._, (l.u.) knowledge. _À son —_; to his knowledge, wittingly. _À bon —_; in good earnest; wittingly, knowingly. =esclaire=, _n.m._, (hawking) bird of prey. =esclandre=, _n.m._, fracas, uproar; scandal, exposure, scene. _Faire —_; to make a scene, to cause an uproar. =esclavage=, _n.m._, slavery; bondage; thralldom; inthrallment; drudgery. _Réduire à l’—_; to enslave, to reduce to slavery. =esclave=, _n.m.f._, slave; bondman; drudge. _Commandeur d’—s_; slave-driver. _Propriétaire d’—s_; slave-owner. _On est — dans cette maison_; one is a very drudge in that house (_i.e._ the work is endless in). =esclave=, _adj._, slavish. _Avoir une âme —_; to have a slavish, base disposition. =escobard=, _n.m._, equivocator, shuffler. =escobarder=, _v.n._, to equivocate, to prevaricate, to shuffle. =escobarderie=, _n.f._, prevarication, shuffling, subterfuge. ☉=escoffion=, _n.m._, cap, hair-net. =escogriffe=, _n.m._, sharper, shark, sponger; tall, lank, ungainly fellow. =escompte= (ès-cont), _n.m._, discount. _À —_; at a discount. _Faire l’—_; to discount. =escompter= (ès-conté), _v.a._, to discount, to cash; (fig.) to anticipate, to forestall. _— un billet_, _un effet_; to cash a bill. =escompteur= (ès-kon-teur), _n.m._, (com.) discounter. =escope=, _n.f._ _V._ =écope=. =escopette=, _n.f._, carbine. =escopetterie=, _n.f._, volley of carbines, etc. =escopettier=, _n.m._, rifleman. =escorte=, _n.f._, escort; (nav.) convoy (fig.); retinue, train, attendants. _Servir d’— à_; to serve as an escort to, to guard. _Bâtiment d’—_; convoy-ship. =escorter=, _v.n._, to escort; to accompany, to attend. _— la caisse militaire_; to escort the military chest. =escot=, _n.m._, kind of serge; (nav.) skeet. =escouade=, _n.f._, (milit.) squad; gang. =escourgée=, _n.f._, scourge; lash; lashing. =escourgeon= (-jon), _n.m._, winter-barley. =escousse=, _n.f._, (l.u.) spring, run, start. _Prendre son —_; to take one’s spring. =escrime=, _n.f._, fencing. _Salle d’—_; fencing-school. _Être hors d’—_; to be put off one’s guard; to be at one’s wits’ end. =escrimer=, _v.n._, to fence; to spar; to have a trial of skill. _s’_=escrimer=, _v.r._, to strive; to try; to dabble in; to have some knowledge of. _Il s’escrime toujours, mais rien n’y fait_; he keeps on pegging away, but nothing comes of it. =escrimeur=, _n.m._, fencer. =escroc= (ès-krô), _n.m._, sharper, swindler, blackleg. =escroquer=, _v.a._, to swindle, to cheat. =escroquerie= (ès-kro-krî), _n.f._, swindling, swindle, cheating. =escroqueu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, cheat, swindler. =escubac=. _V._ =scubac=. =esculape=, _n.m._, (_—s_) Æsculapius; (fam.) a clever physician. =esculent=, =-e=, _adj._, (l.u.) edible, eatable, esculent. =escurial=, _n.m._, Escurial. =ésope=, _n.m._, (_—s_) Æsop; (fam.) hunchback. _C’est un —_; he is a hunchback. =ésotérique=, _adj._, esoteric. =espace=, _n.m._, space, room, place, volume. _—s imaginaires_; imaginary space. _Court — de temps_; short space of time. =espace=, _n.f._, (print.) space. =espacement= (ès-pas-mān), _n.m._, (arch.) interval, interspace, spread; (print.) spacing. =espacer=, _v.a._, to leave a space between; to separate, to place apart; to plant at regular intervals; (print.) to space. =espade=, _n.f._, tewing-beetle (for hemp). =espader=, _v.a._, to tew hemp. =espadeur=, _n.m._, hemp-beater. =espadon=, _n.m._, espadon, broadsword; two-handed sword; (ich.) swordfish. =espadonner=, _v.n._, to fight with the broadsword. =espadot=, _n.m._, boat-hook. =espadrille=, _n.f._, bathing shoe, sandal. *=espagnol=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Spaniard; Spanish. _La langue —e_; the Spanish tongue. *=espagnol=, _n.m._, Spanish (language). *=espagnolette=, _n.f._, baize; French window fastening. =espalier=, _n.m._, (hort.) espalier; fruit-wall; (nav.) stroke-oar. _Venir en —_; to grow on an espalier. =espalmer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to grave. =esparcet=, _n.m._, =esparcette=, _n.f._, French honeysuckle; esparcet; sainfoin. =espargoute=, _n.f._ _V._ =spergule=. =espars=, _n.m.pl._, (nav.) spars. =espèce=, _n.f._, species, kind, sort; nature; breed; case at issue, case in point, (jur.) case. _pl._, specie, ready money, hard cash; (theol.) element. _L’— humaine_; mankind. _Payer en —s_; to pay in cash. _—s sonnantes_; hard cash, cash down. =espérance=, _n.f._, hope, confidence, trust, expectation. _Dans l’—_; in expectation. _Se nourrir d’—_; to feed on hope. _Vivre d’—_; to live on hope. _Répondre à ses —s_; to answer one’s expectations. =espérer=, _v.a._, to hope, to hope for, to expect; to trust. _Il espère une meilleure fortune_; he hopes for a better fortune. _Je n’espère plus rien_; I have no further hopes. =espérer=, _v.n._, to hope, to hope for, to be hopeful of; to put one’s trust in. _J’espère bien_; I hope so indeed. _En voilà une, j’espère_; that’s one, if you like. =espiègle=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, frolicsome child; frolicsome, waggish, arch, roguish. =espièglerie=, _n.f._, frolic, roguish _or_ playful trick, waggishness. =espingole=, _n.f._, blunderbuss. =espion=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, spy; (at races) touter. =espionnage=, _n.m._, espionage; spy system, spying. =espionner=, _v.a._, to spy, to pry into. =esplanade=, _n.f._, esplanade, parade. =espoir=, _n.m._, hope, expectance. _Avoir l’— de_; to be in hopes of. _Mettre son — dans_; to set one’s hopes on. _Sans —_; hopeless. =espolin=, _n.m._ _V._ =époullin=. =esponton=, _n.m._, spontoon, half-pike. =espouleur=, _n.m._ _V._ =époulleur=. =espoulin=, _n.f._ _V._ =époullin=. =espringale=, _n.f._, springal (a kind of sling). =esprit=, _n.m._, spirit, soul, ghost, shade; mind, sense, understanding, wit, intellect; humor, disposition, temper, character; meaning; spirit, spirituous liquor; (gram.) breathing. _— malin_; evil spirit, fiend. _— follet_; goblin. _Dieu est un —_; God is a spirit. _Le Saint-—_, _l’—-Saint_; the Holy Ghost. _— doux_; (Grec. gram.) soft breathing. _— rude_; (Grec. gram.) hard breathing. _— borné_, _étroit_; narrow intellect. _— dérangé_; disordered mind. _— de corps_; fellow-feeling, brotherhood. _— d’ordre_; orderliness, management. _— de suite_; consistency. _— de parti_; party spirit. _Cultiver l’—_; to cultivate the mind. _Un homme d’—_; a man of parts, a sensible man, a man of wit. _Un ouvrage d’—_; a work of talent. _Un bel —_; a wit. _Un — fort_; a free-thinker. _— présent_; ready wit. _S’alambiquer l’—_; to puzzle one’s brains. _Un homme à l’— étroit_; a narrow-minded man. _Aliéner l’— de quelqu’un_; to drive any one mad. _Avoir l’— sain_; to be of sound mind. _Avoir de l’—_; to be intelligent, to be witty, to be sensible. _Avoir l’— aux talons_; to shine at the wrong end, to go a wool-gathering. _Avoir l’— bien fait_; to be good-tempered. _Faire de l’—_; to play the wit. _Faire revenir l’— à quelqu’un_; to bring any one to his senses. _Faire revenir quelqu’un à l’— de_; to recall to any one, _or_ remind any one of. _Où avait-il l’— quand?_ where were his wits when? what was he thinking of, when? _Vous n’avez pas saisi l’— de cet auteur_; you have not understood the meaning of that author. _Reprendre ses —s_; to recover one’s senses; to come to one’s self. _Ne pas avoir l’— tranquille_; to be uneasy in one’s mind. _Remettre les —s_; to quiet people’s minds. _Rendre l’—_; to give up the ghost. _Venir dans l’—_; to come into one’s mind. _Passer pour un homme d’—_; to pass for a wit. _Les grands —s se rencontrent_; great wits jump together (_i.e._, when two people say the same thing together). _—s animaux_; animal spirits. _L’— court les rues_; wit is a drug in the market. =esprité=, =-e=, _adj._, intelligent, clever, witty. =esprot=, _n.m._, sprat. =esquicher=, _v.n._, _s’—_, _v.r._, (reversis) to play a low card in order not to win a trick. _S’—_; (fig.) to answer evasively, to back out of. =esquif=, _n.m._, skiff. *=esquille=, _n.f._, splinter (of a bone). =esquinancie=, _n.f._, quinsy. =esquine=, _n.f._, (man.) horse’s loins; (bot.) China-root. _Un cheval fort d’—_; a horse strong in his loins. (bot.) _V._ =squine=. =esquipot=, _n.m._, (fam.) money-box. =esquisse=, _n.f._, sketch, outline, rough drawing; rough-draft; plan. _Cahier d’—s_; sketch-book. _Faire l’— de_; to make a sketch of. _L’— d’un poème_; the sketch of a poem. =esquisser=, _v.a._, (paint.) to sketch, to outline. =esquiver=, _v.a._, to shun, to avoid, to elude. _s’_=esquiver=, _v.r._, to escape, to slip away, to steal away, to give the slip, to make off. =esquiver=, _v.n._, to slip away, to make off; to avoid. =essai=, _n.m._, trial, essay, attempt, endeavor; sample; experiment; testing, assaying (metal.). _Donner_, _prendre_, _à l’—_; to give, to take, on trial. _Faire son coup d’—_; to make one’s first attempt. _Faire l’— de_; to make a trial of. _— sur la peinture_; essay on painting. _Faire l’— de l’or_; to assay gold. _Pour —_; by way of trial. =essaim= (è-sin), _n.m._, swarm; bevy, host. =essaimer=, _v.n._, to swarm. _Cette ruche a essaimé_; that hive has swarmed. =essanger=, _v.a._, to soak, to scour (dirty linen). =essarder=, _v.a._, (nav.) to mop, to swab. =essartement=, _n.m._, grubbing, clearing (of lands). =essarter=, _v.a._, to clear, to grub; to assart. =essaver=, _v.a._, to drain. =essayage=, _n.m._, trying-on (of clothes). =essayer=, _v.a._, to try; to essay, to attempt, to make a trial of; to assay. _— de l’or_; to assay gold. _— une chose_; to try a thing. _s’_=essayer=, _v.r._, to try one’s strength _or_ one’s skill, to make attempts, to try one’s hand. _Il s’est essayé à peindre_; he has tried his hand at painting. =essayer=, _v.n._, to try, to attempt, to make a trial. _Essayez de le persuader_; try to persuade him. _— de marcher_; to try to walk. =essayerie=, _n.f._, assay-office (of the mint). =essayeur=, _n.m._, assayer. =essayiste=, _n.m.f._, essayist. =esse=, _n.f._, S; linch-pin (of the axle-tree of a coach); fore-lock (of a gun-carriage). =esseigler=, _v.a._, to clear of rye. =esselier=, _n.m._, (man.) brace. =esséminer=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to disperse; to scatter. =essence=, _n.f._, essence; substance; species (of trees); benzene; (of roses) otto, attar. _— de romarin_; essence of rosemary. _— de la vie_; heart’s blood. =essénien=, _n.m._, Essene. =essentiel=, =-le= (-cièl), _adj._, essential, material. _C’est là le point —_; that is the main point. =essentiel= (-cièl), _n.m._, essential, essential point, main point, main thing. =essentiellement= (-sièl-mān), _adv._, essentially, materially. =essette=, _n.f._, hammer-axe. =esseulé=, =-e=, _adj._, (fam., l.u.) solitary, abandoned. =essieu=, _n.m._, axle-tree; pin (of a block), _écartement des —x_; wheel base (motor). =essor=, _n.m._, flight; soaring, soar; strain; swing, play, scope, impulse, impulsion. _Donner l’— à_; to give wings to, to give scope to. _L’— du génie_; the soaring of genius. _Prendre son —_; to take one’s flight. =essorant=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) soaring. _Un oiseau —_; (her.) a soaring bird. =essorer=, _v.a._, to hang in the air in order to dry. _s’_=essorer=, _v.r._, to soar aloft. =essoreu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, dryer. _n.f._, drying machine. *=essoriller=, _v.a._, to cut the ears (of a dog); to crop short (hair); to crop a dog. =essoufflé=, =-e=, _part._, breathless; out of breath. _Être tout —_; to be quite out of breath. =essoufflement=, _n.m._, panting, breathlessness. =essouffler=, _v.a._, to put out of breath; to wind (horses). _S’—_, _v.r._, to put one’s self out of breath; to get or be out of breath. =essui=, _n.m._, drying-closet, drying-house. =essuie-main=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) towel. =essuie-pieds=, _n.m._, mat, door-mat. =essaie-plume=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) pen-wiper. =essuyage=, _n.m._, wiping. =essuyer=, _v.a._, to wipe, to wipe off, to wipe away, to wipe dry; to sustain, to support, to bear, to endure, to go through, to undergo. _— les larmes de quelqu’un_; to console any one. _— des affronts_; to endure affronts. _— un refus_ or _un revers_; to meet with a refusal _or_ a check. _s’_=essuyer=, _v.r._, to dry one’s self. _S’— les mains_, _la figure_; to wipe one’s hands, one’s face. =est= (èst), _n.m._, east. _D’—_; eastern, easterly. _Un vent d’—_; an easterly wind. _À l’—_; to the east, eastward. _Vers l’—_; eastward. =estacade=, _n.f._, stockade; boom (of a harbor). =estafette=, _n.f._, courier, express messenger; (milit.) estafette. =estafier=, _n.m._, (b.s.) tall footman, flunkey, livery servant; lanky Jack; hector, bully. =estafilade=, _n.f._, cut (in the face), gash, slash; rent (in clothes). =estafilader=, _v.a._, to slash, to cut, to gash. =estagnon=, _n.m._, a copper bottle. =estame=, _n.f._, worsted, knitted worsted. =estamet=, _n.m._, coarse, woolen fabric. =estaminet=, _n.m._, coffee-house; smoking divan; shades; tap-room. =estampage=, _n.m._, stamping (metal.). =estampe=, _n.f._, print, engraving, cut; stamp. _Magasin d’—s_; print-shop; (tech.) stamping-machine, punch. =estamper=, _v.a._, to stamp; to punch, to brand. =estampeur=, _n.m._, stamper. _adj._, stamping. =estampillage=, _n.m._, stamping, marking. *=estampille=, _n.f._, stamp, mark, trade-mark. *=estampiller=, _v.a._, to stamp, to mark. =estanc=, _adj.m._, (nav.) water-tight, well-found. _Un navire —_; (nav.) a well-found ship. =estance=, _n.f._, (nav.) stanchion. =ester=, _v.n._, (jur.) to appear in court, to plead (before justice). =estère=, _n.f._, straw mat; creek, cove. =esteuble=, _n.f._, stubble. _V._ =éteule=. =esthétique=, _n.f._, æsthetics. =esthétique=, _adj._, æsthetical. =estimable=, _adj._, estimable. =estimateur=, _n.m._, appraiser, appreciator, valuer. =estimatif=, _adj._, estimative. _Etat —_; estimate. =estimation=, _n.f._, estimation, appraising, valuation, estimate. _Faire une — de_; to appraise, to estimate. =estime=, _n.f._, esteem, regard, estimation; (nav.) reckoning. _Avoir de l’— pour_; to hold in esteem. _Être perdu d’— et de réputation_; to have lost one’s reputation, and the esteem of every one. =estimer=, _v.a._, to estimate, to value; to rate, to assess; to esteem, to regard, to prize, to consider, to deem, to account. _— des meubles_; to value furniture. _— trop_; to overrate. _s’_=estimer=, _v.r._, to esteem, _or_ to prize, one’s self; to set a value on one’s self; to consider one’s self; to esteem one another. =estival=, =-e=, _adj._, estival, summer. =estivation=, _n.f._, (bot.) estivation; (zoöl.) torpor. =estive=, _n.f._, (nav.) trimming, stowing (cargo). =estiver=, _v.a._, (nav.) to stow, to trim, to press the cargo down; to turn cattle out to grass during summer. =estoc=, _n.m._, tuck (sword); point of a sword; trunk, stock (of trees); (nav.) ledge, rock, shelf. _Frapper d’— et de taille_; to cut and thrust, or to lay about (recklessly). _Parler d’— et de taille_; to talk at random. _Dites-vous cela de votre —?_ do you say that of yourself? is it original? _Être réduit à blanc —_; to be done up _or_ reduced to nothing. _À blanc —_; (agri.) to the root. =estocade=, _n.f._, (fenc.) stoccado, stoccade, thrust, lunge; unexpected attack. =estocader=, _v.n._, (fenc.) to thrust, to make passes, to lunge. =estomac= (-ma), _n.m._, stomach; breast; chest. _Avoir mal à l’—_; to have a stomach-ache. _Ardeur d’—_; heartburn. _Soulever l’—_; to turn the stomach. _Tiraillements d’—_; twitching pains in the stomach. _Le creux de l’—_; the pit of the stomach. _s’_=estomaquer=, _v.r._, (fam.) to take offense; not to be able to brook anything; to exhaust one’s self by speaking. _Il s’est estomaqué_; he is put out. =estompage=, _n.m._, (draw.) stumping. =estompe=, _n.f._, stump. _Dessin à l’—_; stump-drawing. =estomper=, _v.a._, to stump; to shade off. =estouffade=, _n.f._ _V._ =étouffée=. =estrade=, _n.f._, platform, stand, stage. ☉_Battre l’—_; to scout; to be on the tramp. _Batteurs d’—_; ☉scouts; (fam.) strollers, trampers, vagrants. =estragon=, _n.m._, (bot.) tarragon. ☉=estramaçon=, _n.m._, two-edged sword. _Coup d’—_; cut with the edge of a sword. =estramaçonner=, _v.r._, (jest., l.u.) to strike with the edge of a sword, to cut, to slash. =estrapade=, _n.f._, strappado; gibbet used for the strappado; (man.) estrapade. _Se donner l’—_; to torture one’s brains. =estrapader=, _v.a._, to give the strappado, to torture. =estrapasser=, _v.a._, (man.) to overwork, to override. =estraper=, _v.a._, to mow (stubble). =estrope=, _n.f._, (nav.) strop. =estroper=, _v.a._, (nav.) to strop. =estropiat=, _n.m._, (fam.) cripple; beggar. =estropié=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, cripple. =estropié=, =-e=, _part._, crippled, lame; disabled. _Être — d’un bras_; to have an arm disabled. _Passage —_; mutilated passage. =estropier=, _v.a._, to cripple, to lame, to maim, to disable; to mangle, to murder, to spoil, to mutilate. _— un passage_; to mutilate a passage. _— un rôle_; (theat.) to murder a part. =estuaire=, _n.m._, (geog.) estuary. =esturgeon= (-jon), _n.m._, (ich.) sturgeon. =esule=, _n.f._, (bot.) esula. =et= (é), _conj._, and. — ... —; both ... and; then, thereupon. _— vous — moi_; both you and I. [The final _t_ of _et_ is never pronounced.] =établage=, _n.m._, stabling. =étable=, _n.f._, stable (for oxen, sheep, goats); stall; cattle-shed; cattle-house; pig-sty, hog-sty, sty. _S’aborder de franche —_; (nav.) to run right into one another, to run foul of one another. =établer=, _v.a._, to put in a stable, to stable. =établi=, _n.m._, bench (joiner’s); shop-board, counter (tailor’s). =établi=, =-e=, _part._, established; settled, laid down. =établir=, _v.a._, to establish, to set, to fix, to erect, to set up, to set up in business; to institute, to found, to aver, to make good, to lay down (statements); to assert; to prove, to make out, to show; to induct; to strike (balance); to impose (a tax). _— sa fille_; to settle one’s daughter. _— un fait_; to state a fact; to make it good. _— par des exemples_; to prove, to make good, by examples. _s’_=établir=, _v.r._, to establish one’s self, to fix one’s residence, to take up one’s residence; to settle down, to settle (marry); to set up shop; to set up in business, to set up for one’s self, to set up. _Il est venu s’— en France_; he came to settle in France. _Il songe à s’—_; he is thinking of settling down. =établissement= (-blis-mān), _n.m._, establishment, establishing, settlement; setting up, fixing, placing, erecting; proving, making out, showing; imposition (of taxes); settling; setting up in business; (nav.) tide-table. _L’— d’un fait_; the stating, proving of a fact. _Les hôpitaux sont des —s très-utiles_; hospitals are highly useful institutions. _L’— de ses enfants_; the settling of one’s children. _Frais de premier —_; first expenses. _Dans l’—_; on the premises. =étage=, _n.m._, story, floor; flight (of stairs); (geol., mining) layer, stratum. _Il demeure au troisième —_; he lives on the third floor. _Il y a des hommes d’esprit de tout —_; there are wits of every degree. _C’est un sot à triple —_; he is a consummate fool. _Avoir un menton à double —_; to have a double chin. _De bas —_; of low degree; low birth. =étagé=, =-e=, _part._, _adj._, rising tier upon tier; tapered, tapering. =étager=, _v.a._, to taper; to dispose in tiers. _S’—_; to rise tier upon tier; to taper. =étagère=, _n.f._, what-not, shelves. =étague= (é-tag), _n.f._, (nav.) hoisting the yards. =étai=, _n.m._, stay, shore; prop, strut. _— de misaine_; (nav.) fore-stay. _— d’artimon_; (nav.) mizzen-stay. _— du grand mât_; (nav.) main-stay. =étaie=, _n.f._, (her.) chevronel. ☉=étaiement=, _n.m._, propping, staying, shoring, supporting, bearing up. _V._ =étayement=. =étaim= (è-tin), _n.m._, fine carded wool. =étain=, _n.m._, tin; pewter. _— fin_; pure tin. _— commun_; block tin. _— métallique_; white tin. _— oxydé_; tin-stone. _— en feuilles_; tin-foil. _— de glace_; tin-glass. =étal=, _n.m._, stall; butcher’s stall; butcher’s shop. =étalage=, _n.m._, laying out, exposing of goods for sale; goods exposed for sale; shop-window; window; stallage; finery, fine clothes; showing off, ostentatious display, show. _Cela n’est bon qu’à servir d’—_; that will only serve for show. _Faire — de son esprit_; to parade one’s wit. _Faire de l’—_; to make a show, to show off. =étalagiste=, _n.m._, stall-keeper, window-dresser. =étale=, _adj._, (nav.) still; slack (of the water); settled, steady (of the wind). _Mer —_; slack water, tide. =étalé=, =-e=, _part._, spread out, unfolded, displayed. =étaler=, _v.a._, to expose for sale; to put in the shop-window; to spread, to spread out; to show, to set forth, to display, to parade, to make a show _or_ parade of, to show off. _s’_=étaler=, _v.r._, to be exposed for sale; to be hung up in the window; to be displayed, to be spread out; to stretch one’s self out, to sprawl; to show one’s self off, to show off. _S’— sur l’herbe_; to stretch one’s self at full length on the grass. =étalier=, _n.m._, journeyman-butcher. =étalinguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, (nav.) to clinch. =étalingure=, _n.f._, (nav.) clinch, bend (of a cable). =étalon=, _n.m._, stallion; standard (of weight and measures). _D’—_; standard. _— de haras_; stud-horse. =étalonnage= _or_ =étalonnement=, _n.m._, stamping (of weights, etc.); gauging. =étalonner=, _v.a._, to stamp; to gauge. =étalonneur=, _n.m._, inspector of weights and measures. =étamage=, _n.m._, tinning; quicksilvering, silvering; plating. =étambot= (_formerly_ étambord), _n.m._, (nav.) stern-post. =étambrai=, _n.m._, (nav.) partner (of a mast, etc.). =étamer=, _v.a._, to tin; to plate (glass); to foliate, to quicksilver. =étameur=, _n.m._, tinman; silverer. =étamine=, _n.f._, stamin; tammy; sieve; strainer, colander; bolting-cloth; bolter; bunting; (bot.) stamen, male organ, thrum. _Passer par l’—_; to sift. _Il a passé par l’—_; he has been strictly examined. =étaminé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) stamened. =étamineuse=, _adj.f._, (bot.) having stamina, but no petals or leaves. =étaminier=, _n.m._, stamin-maker. =étamper=, _v.a._, to punch (horse-shoes). =étampure=, _n.f._, the holes of a horse-shoe. =étamure=, _n.f._, melted tin, tinning, material for tinning. =étanche=, _adj._, water-tight; air-tight; steam-tight. =étanché=, _part._, stopped (of a leak). =étanchement= (é-tānsh-mān), _n.m._, stanching; stopping; quenching; slaking. _L’— du sang_; the stopping of blood. =étancher=, _v.a._, to stanch; to stop; to slake, to quench. _— le sang_; to stop the blood. _— la soif_; to quench the thirst. _— un vaisseau_; (nav.) to free a ship of water. =étançon=, _n.m._, prop, stay, supporter, shore; (nav.) stanchion. =étançonner=, _v.a._, to prop, to underprop, to stay, to support, to shore. =étanfiche=, _n.f._, quarry-stratum. =étang=, _n.m._, pond, fish-pond; pool. _Peupler un —_; to stock a pond. _Pêcher un —_; to drag a pond. =étape=, _n.f._, store-house; rations; forage; halting place; stage. _Brûler l’—_; to pass through without stopping. =étapier=, _n.m._, (milit.) distributor of rations. =état=, _n.m._, state; commonweal, commonwealth; case, condition; position, circumstance, plight, predicament, account, statement, return; list, register, inventory, estimate; establishment; calling, profession, station; office. _pl._, dominions; (med.) acme; (milit.) list, muster-roll. _Mettre hors d’— de_; to put it out of any one’s power to. _Il est en — de payer_; he is able to pay, he is in a position to pay. _En quelque — que soit l’affaire_; however the matter may stand. _De son —_; by profession, by trade. _Se mettre en — de défense_; to put one’s self in a state of defense. _Mettre en —_; to enable, to prepare for. _Tenir une chose en —_; to keep a thing ready; to keep a thing in its place. _Tenir en —_; to keep in suspense. _Faire peu d’— de_; to have a poor opinion of. _L’—-major_; (_—s-—s_) (milit.) staff, staff-office, —s-généraux; states-general. _— de comptes_; statement of accounts. _Tenir un grand —_; to keep a large establishment. _Ministre_, _secrétaire_, _d’—_; minister, secretary, of state. _Coup d’—_; stroke of state policy. _Homme d’—_; statesman. _Affaires d’—_; state affairs. _Raison d’—_; state policy. _Les —s-Unis d’Amérique_; the United States of North America. _Remettre en —_; to set right again. =étau=, _n.m._, vice. _Les mâchoires de l’—_; the chops of the vice. _— à main_; hand-vice. =étayement= (-tê-mān), _n.m._, staying, shoring, bearing up, propping, supporting. =étayer=, _v.a._, to stay, to prop, to bear up, to support, to shore. =etc.=, _conj._, (ab. of _et cætera_) etc. =et cætera=, _conj._, _et cætera_. =été=, _n.m._, summer; prime (of life). _— chaud_, _brûlant_; warm, scorching, summer. _Au milieu de l’—_; in the middle of summer. _Être dans son —_; to be in one’s prime. *=éteigneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (pers.) extinguisher. *=éteignoir=, _n.m._, extinguisher (instrument). =éteindre= (*éteignant, éteint), _v.a._, to put out, to extinguish, to quench, to appease; to exterminate, to destroy, to obliterate; to soften (colors); to wear out; to liquidate (a debt); to strike out. _Eteignez la chandelle_; put out the candle. _— de la chaux_; to slake lime. _— la soif_; to quench the thirst. _— une pension_; to buy up, to redeem, an annuity. _— une obligation_; to cancel an obligation. _— le souvenir de_; to obliterate the recollection of. _— une couleur_; to soften down a color. _s’_=éteindre=, _v.r._, to be extinguished, to be put out, quenched; to go out, to die away, to die out; to decrease, to diminish, to be diminished; to be slaked (of lime). _Le feu s’éteint_; the fire is going out. _Cette maison va s’—_; that family will soon die out, will soon be extinct. =éteint=, =-e=, _part._, put out, extinguished, out, extinct. _Mon feu est —_; my fire is out. _Elle a la voix —e_; her voice is scarcely audible. _Des yeux —s_; dull eyes. =étendage=, _n.m._, lines to hang things to dry upon; drying-room. =étendard=, _n.m._, standard, colors, banner, flag. _Arborer_, _déployer_, _planter_, _un —_; to hoist, to display, to plant, a standard. _Lever l’— de la révolte_; to raise the standard of rebellion. =étendeuse=, _n.f._, (spinning) stretcher. =étendoir=, _n.m._, drying-room; (print.) peel. =étendre=, _v.a._, to spread, to stretch, to expand, to distend; to lay out; to lengthen, to prolong, to draw out; to lay dead, to kill one on the spot; to enlarge, to extend, to widen; to wire-draw; to lay on (colors); to overthrow, to throw down. _— du beurre sur du pain_; to spread butter upon bread. _— son armée_; to extend one’s army. _— du linge_; to lay out linen. _— le bras_; to stretch out one’s arm. _— les ailes_; to spread the wings. _— son commerce_; to extend one’s trade. _s’_=étendre=, _v.r._, to stretch one’s self out, to sprawl; to reach, to extend; to expatiate, to dwell; to lengthen, to grow out; to draw out, to launch. _Il s’étendit tout de son long sur l’herbe_; he laid himself at full length upon the grass. _Aussi loin que la vue peut s’—_; as far as the eye can reach. _S’— sur un sujet_; to expatiate, to dwell, upon a subject. =étendu=, =-e=, _part._, stretched, spread, extended. _Du linge — sur l’herbe_; linen laid out on the grass. _Un empire fort —_; a widely extended empire. _La vue est ici fort —e_; the view here is very extensive. _Des connaissances —es_; extensive knowledge. _Il a une voix très —e_; he has great compass of voice. _C’est un esprit fort —_; he is a man of vast intellect. =étendue=, _n.f._, extent, extensiveness, expanse; compass, length. _Dans toute son —_; to the full. _La vaste — des mers_; the wide expanse of ocean. _Grande — de voix_; great compass of voice. =éternel=, =-le=, _adj._, eternal, everlasting, ever-enduring, endless, ever-living. _Le Père —_; God Almighty. =éternel=, _n.m._, Eternal, God; Everlasting. =éternelle=, _n.f._ _V._ =immortelle=. =éternellement= (-nèl-mān), _adv._, eternally, to all eternity, everlastingly; forever, perpetually; incessantly, continually, for evermore. =éterniser=, _v.a._, to perpetuate. _— son nom_; to immortalize one’s name. _s’_=éterniser=, _v.r._, to be perpetuated, to be rendered eternal. =éternité=, _n.f._, eternity, everlastingness. _De toute —_; from all eternity. =éternue=, _n.f._, (bot.) florin, sneezewort. =éternuement= _or_ =éternûment=, _n.m._, sneezing, sneeze. =éternuer=, _v.n._, to sneeze. =éternueu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, sneezer. =étésien=, _adj._, etesian. =étêtement= (é-têt-mān), _n.m._, pollarding, topping. =étêter=, _v.a._, (hort.) to top, to pollard; to take off the heads (of nails, pins). ☉=éteuf= (é-teu), _n.m._, ball (at tennis). =éteule= _or_ =esteuble=, _n.f._, stubble. =éther= (é-tèr), _n.m._, ether. =éthéré=, =-e=, _adj._, ethereal. =éthérifier=, _v.a._, to etherealize; to etherize. _s’_=éthérifier=, _v.r._, to become etherized. =éthérisation=, _n.f._, (chem.) etherification. =éthériser=, _v.a._, (chem.) to etherealize; (med.) to produce insensibility by means of ether. =éthiopien=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, Ethiopian. =éthique=, _n.f._, ethics, morals. =éthique=, _adj._, ethic, ethical. =ethmoïdal=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) ethmoidal. _L’os —_; ethmoidal bone. =ethmoïde=, _n.m._, (anat.) ethmoid. =ethnarchie=, _n.f._, ethnarchy. =ethnarque=, _n.m._, ethnarch. =ethnique=, _adj._, ethnic, ethnical. =ethnographe=, _n.m._, ethnologist. =ethnographie=, _n.f._, ethnography. =ethnographique=, _adj._, ethnographical. =ethnologie=, _n.f._, ethnology, ethnography. =ethnologue=, _n.m._, ethnologist, ethnographer. =ethnologique=, _adj._, ethnologie, ethnological. =éthologie=, _n.f._, ethology. =éthologique=, _adj._, ethologic. =éthopée=, _n.f._, description of human passions and manners. =étiage= (é-tiaj), _n.m._, low-water mark. =étier= (é-tié), _n.m._, ditch (for conveying sea-water to a salt-marsh). =étincelant=, =-e= (é-tin-slān, -t), _adj._, sparkling, glittering, flashing, twinkling, glistening. =étinceler= (é-tin-slé), _v.n._, to sparkle, to flash, to gleam, to twinkle, to glitter. _Les yeux lui étincellent de colère_; his eyes are flashing with anger. _Cet ouvrage étincelle d’esprit_; that work sparkles with wit. =étincelette=, _n.f._, little spark. =étincelle=, _n.f._, spark, flash of fire. _Jeter des —s_; to throw out sparks. _Il n’a pas une — de bon sens_; he is utterly devoid of good sense. =étincellement= (-sèl-mān), _n.m._, sparkling, twinkling, glistening, scintillation. =étiolement= (é-tiol-mān), _n.m._, etiolation, branching; sickliness (of plants); (med.) chlorosis; paleness, emaciation. =étiolé=, =-e=, _adj._, _part._, etiolated; pale, wan, emaciated; sickly. =étioler=, _v.a._, to etiolate (plants). _s’_=étioler=, _v.r._, to etiolate, to blanch; (pers.) to be weakened, to grow enfeebled; (of plants) to waste away; to wither. =étiologie=, _n.f._, (med.) etiology. =étique=, _adj._, hectic; consumptive; lean, lank, emaciated. =étiqueter= (é-tik-té), _v.a._, to label, to ticket. =étiquette=, _n.f._, ticket, label; etiquette. _Condamner sur l’— du sac_; to condemn without examining, _or_ to condemn on appearances. _Tenir à l’—_; to be particular; to stand on ceremony. =étirage=, _n.m._, stretching; wire-drawing. =étire=, _n.f._, stretching-iron (of curriers). =étirer=, _v.a._, to stretch; (tech.) to lengthen, to wire-draw. _s’_=étirer=, _v.r._, to stretch out one’s limbs. =étisie=, _n.f._, consumption, decline. =étoffe=, _n.f._, stuff; cloth, material; condition, quality, worth. _pl._, stuffs; (print.) wear and tear, plant. _— drapée_; woolen cloth. _Il y a de l’— chez lui_; he has got some stuff in him. =étoffé=, =-e=, _adj._, stuffed, lined; upholstered (of furniture); comfortably off; stout, full-bodied; substantial. _Discours bien —_; well-arranged speech; speech full of capital things. _Maison bien —e_; well-furnished house. _Homme bien —_; man in good circumstances. =étoffer=, _v.a._, to stuff, to line, to furnish with materials; to upholster. =étoile=, _n.f._, star; (man.) blaze; center (of walks in parks); star-wheel, fate, destiny; asterisk; (print., fort.) star. _À la lumière des —s_; by starlight. _— polaire_; polar-star. _— tombante_, _filante_; shooting star. _— de mer_; starfish. _Coucher à la belle —_; to sleep in the open air. _Né sous une mauvaise —_; born under an unlucky star. _Voir des —s en plein midi_; to “see stars.” =étoilé=, =-e=, _adj._, starry; full of stars, studded. _La voûte —e_; the spangled vault. _Bouteille —e_; starred bottle (cracked). =étoiler=, _v.a._, to star, to stud with stars; to crack; to blaze; to mark with a star. _s’_=étoiler=, _v.r._, to star, to crack; to become studded with stars. =étole=, _n.f._, (c.rel.) stole. =étonnamment= (é-to-na-mān), _adv._, astonishingly, wonderfully, amazingly. =étonnant=, =-e=, _adj._, astonishing, surprising, wonderful, marvelous, amazing. =étonné=, =-e=, _part._, astonished. _Être — de_; to be astonished at. _Faire_, _jouer l’—_; to feign astonishment. =étonnement= (é-ton-mān), _n.m._, astonishment, amazement; admiration, wonder; fright, terror; ☉shock. _Frapper d’—_; to strike with amazement. _Remplir d’—_; to fill with astonishment. _Je ne reviens pas de mon —_; I cannot recover from my astonishment. _Tout le monde est dans l’—_; every body is amazed. _À l’— de tout le monde_; to the astonishment of everybody. =étonner=, _v.a._, to astonish, to amaze, to startle, to stagger; to astound, to stun. _Je suis étonné qu’il ne m’en ait rien dit_; I wonder he said nothing about it to me. _s’_=étonner=, _v.r._, to be astonished, to be amazed, to wonder. _Il ne s’étonne de rien_; he is astonished at nothing. =étouffade=, _n.f._ _V._ =étouffée=. =étouffant=, =-e=, _adj._, suffocating; sultry, close, sweltering. _Chaleur —e_; sweltering heat. =étouffé=, =-e=, _part._, suffocated, stifled; suppressed; concealed; stamped out. =étouffée=, _n.f._, (cook.) estoufade. =étouffement= (é-toof-mān), _n.m._, suffocation, stifling. =étouffer=, _v.a._, to suffocate, to choke, to throttle, to smother, to stifle, to suppress; to hush up; to deaden (sound). _Les mauvaises herbes étouffent le blé_; weeds choke the corn. _— une affaire_; to hush up an affair. _— une révolte_; to suppress a revolt. _— la voix_; to drown the voice. =étouffer=, _v.n._, to be choking, to be choked; to be suffocated; to swelter. _On étouffe ici_; there is no breathing here. _— de rire_; to choke with laughter. =étouffoir=, _n.m._, cinder-pail; extinguisher (for charcoal); damper (piano). =étoupe=, _n.f._, tow, oakum. _Mettre le feu aux —s_; to add fuel to the flame; to fan. _— goudronnée_; tarred oakum. =étoupement=, _n.m._, stopping, stuffing; (nav.) calking. =étouper=, _v.a._, to stop (with tow _or_ oakum); (nav.) to calk. _S’— les oreilles_; to stop one’s ears with cotton-wool. =étoupi-er=, =-ère=, _n.m.f._, oakum-picker. *=étoupille=, _n.f._, (artil.) quick-match; tube. *=étoupiller=, _v.a._, (artil.) to prime. *=étoupillon=, _n.m._, (artil.) toppin. =étoupin=, _n.m._, wad, wadding. =étourdeau=, _n.m._, young capon. =étourderie=, _n.f._, giddiness, heedlessness, thoughtlessness, giddy act, blunder. _Il fait toujours des —s_; he is always committing some thoughtless act or other. =étourdi=, =-e=, _adj._, stunned; giddy, dizzy, thoughtless, heedless; giddy-headed. =étourdi=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, rattle-head, mad-cap, romp. _C’est une —e_; she is a giddy creature. _À l’—e_; giddily, heedlessly, rashly. _Jeter à l’—e_; to blurt out. =étourdiment=, _adv._, inconsiderately, heedlessly, thoughtlessly. =étourdir=, _v.a._, to stun, to deafen, to make dizzy, to make giddy; to astound; to din; to assuage (pain); to parboil. _— la grosse faim_; to take the edge off one’s appetite. _— de la viande_; to partly cook meat. _— de l’eau_; to take the chill off of the water. _s’_=étourdir=, _v.r._, to divert one’s thoughts; to be preoccupied; to try to forget. _Il s’étourdit sur son chagrin_; he tries to forget his grief. =étourdissant=, =-e=, _adj._, stunning, deafening, astounding. =étourdissement= (-dis-mān), _n.m._, stunning, dizziness, giddiness; amazement; stupefaction; stupor; shock. _Il a des —s_; he is subject to attacks of giddiness. _Le premier — passé_; when the first shock was over. =étourneau=, _n.m._, (orni.) starling; giddy fellow; flea-bitten horse. =étourneau=, _adj._, flea-bitten (of horses). =étrange=, _adj._, strange, odd, queer, novel; uncouth. _Chose —!_ strange! strange to say! _C’est une personne bien —_; she is a very queer sort of a person. =étrangement= (é-tranj-mān), _adv._, strangely, queerly; terribly. =étrang-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, strange; foreign; unknown; irrelevant; outlandish. _Ministre des affaires —ères_; minister for foreign affairs. _Être — à une science_; to be unacquainted with a science. _Un fait — à la cause_; a fact unconnected with _or_ foreign to the case. _Corps —_; extraneous body. _Une langue —e_; a foreign language. =étrang-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, foreigner, stranger, alien, outsider; foreign parts. _C’est un —_; he is a foreigner. _À l’—_; abroad. _Passer à l’—_; to go abroad. ☉=étranger=, _v.a._, to estrange, to drive away. _s’_=étranger=, _v.r._, (hunt.) to desert a country, to disappear from (of game). =étrangeté= (é-tranj-té), _n.f._, strangeness; oddness, queerness. ☉=étranglant=, =-e=, _adj._, strangling; overwhelming, amazing; decisive. =étranglé=, =-e=, _part._, scanty, too narrow. _Discours —_; speech too much compressed. =étrangle-loup=, _n.m._, (_—_) (bot.) true-love. =étranglement=, _n.m._, strangling; garotting; (med.) strangulation; stricture. =étrangler=, _v.a._, to strangle, to throttle, to choke, to stifle; to make too little, too narrow, to make scanty, to compress, to confine, to scant, to slur over. _Cet habit est étranglé_; that coat is too scanty. _— une affaire_; to slur over a business. _s’_=étrangler=, _v.r._, to strangle one’s self. =étrangler=, _v.n._, to be choked, to be strangled. =étrangleu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, garotter, strangler. *=étranguillon= (-ghi-ion), _n.m._, (vet.) strangles. _Poire d’—_; choke-pear. =étrape=, _n.f._, small sickle (for stubble). =étraper=, _v.a._, to cut stubble. =étraquer=, _v.n._, (hunt.) to track (on the snow). =étrave=, _n.f._, (nav.) stem. =être= (étant, été), _v.n._, to be, to exist; to belong; to have; to stand; to take part in; to come; to go; to lie; to prove to be; to turn out to be. _— en bonne santé_; to be in good health. _— fatigué_; to be tired. _— à quelque chose_; to be doing anything. _Y —_; to be at home; to have hit it. _En — là_; to have come to that. _J’y suis_; I have it. _Je suis des vôtres_; I shall join your party. _Je n’en suis plus_; I cry off. _Il n’en est rien_; such is not the case, it is nothing of the sort. _— sage_; (of children) to be good. _— bien avec quelqu’un_; to be on good terms with any one. _— mal avec quelqu’un_; to be on bad terms with any one. _— de moitié_; to go halves. _Hé bien, soit_; well, let it be so. _Ainsi soit-il_; so be it. _Ce tableau est du Poussin_; this picture is by Poussin. _Il est de Paris_; he is a native of Paris. _Cet enfant est à moi_; that child belongs to me. _Cela n’est pas_; it is not so. _C’est que_; the fact is, the truth is. _Si ce n’est que_; except that. _N’eût été que_; had it not been for. _Il en sera de nous comme des autres_; it will be with us as with others. _Ce sont eux qui_; it is they who. _Je suis à vous dans un moment_; I shall be at your service, with you, in a moment. _Cette fois ça y est_; now for it! Done this time, and no mistake! _Qu’est-ce que c’est?_ what is it? _C’est à vous de parler_; it is for you to speak. _C’est à vous à parler_; it is your turn to speak. _Où en êtes-vous?_ where are you? how far have you got? _Je ne sais pas où j’en suis_; I do not know how I am situated, I do not know what I am about. _Il est à présumer_; it is to be presumed. _Il n’est pas en moi de l’éviter_; it does not depend upon me to avoid it. _En êtes-vous encore là?_ do you still believe that? _Il en sera ce qu’il plaira à Dieu_; it will be as God pleases. _J’en serai de moitié_; I will go halves in it. _J’y suis pour un tiers_; I am in for a third share. _Je n’en suis plus_; I have declared off. _Je n’y suis pour rien_; I have no hand in the matter. _C’en est fait du lui_; it is all over with him. _Voilà où nous en sommes_; such is our present situation. _Il ne sait où il en est_; he does not know where he is. _Que sera-ce de?_ what will become of? _Vous y êtes_; you have hit it. _Cela n’en est pas_; that does not belong to it. _Je suis tout à vous_; I am entirely at your service. _Si j’étais de_ or _Si j’étais que de vous_; (fam.) were I in your place. _Je n’y suis pour personne_; I am at home to no one. _Madame n’y est pas_; my mistress is not at home. _Quoi qu’il en soit_; at all events, be that as it may. _En — pour son argent_; to lose one’s money over anything. _J’en suis pour mes frais_; I have lost my time and money. _En — pour vingt francs_; to be in for it to the tune of twenty francs. _— à l’étroit_; to be cramped for room. _On ne peut pas — et avoir été_; you can’t have your cake and eat it. =être=, _n.m._, being, existence; trunk (of a tree). _Les —s d’une maison_; the parts, ins and outs of a house. _Non —_; nonentity. _Bien-—_; welfare, comforts of life. _Il sait tous les —s de cette maison_; he knows all the ways of that house. _Couper à blanc —_; (of trees) to cut down to the root. =étrécir=, _v.a._ _V._ =rétrécir=. _s’_=étrécir=, _v.r._ _V._ _se_ =rétrécir=. =étrécissement= (-sis-mān), _n.m._ _V._ =rétrécissement=. =étrécissure=, _n.f._ _V._ =rétrécissure=. =étreindre= (étreignant, étreint), _v.a._, to bind, to tie, to tie up; to press, to clasp. =étreinte=, _n.f._, knot; clasping, pressing; embrace. _De douces —s_; sweet embraces. =étrenne= (é-trè-n), _n.f._, handsel. _pl._, New Year’s gift. =étrenner= (é-trè-né), _v.a._, to give a New Year’s gift, to give a Christmas-box; to handsel; to try _or_ put on for the first time; to buy the first lot. *=étrésillon=, _n.m._, prop, stay, support. *=étrésillonner=, _v.a._, to prop, to stay. =étrier=, _n.m._, stirrup; iron-hook; (surg.) stirrup-bandage; strap. _Il est ferme sur ses —s_; he has a firm seat in the saddle. _Vin_ or _coup de l’—_; stirrup-cup. _Il a toujours le pied à l’—_; he is never out of the saddle. _Courir à franc —_; to ride full speed. _Faire perdre les —s à quelqu’un_; to put any one out of countenance. _Tenir l’— à_; to give a lift to. =étrière=, _n.f._, stirrup-bar; spring-bar. *=étrille=, _n.f._, curry-comb. *=étriller=, _v.a._, to curry, to comb (a horse); to fleece; to give a thrashing to; to drub. =étriper=, _v.a._, to gut (animal). _Aller à — cheval_; to ride a horse at breakneck speed. =étriqué=, =-e=, _adj._, scanty; narrow; curtailed. _Habits —s_; scanty clothes, coat. =étrivière=, _n.f._, stirrup-leather. _Donner les —s à quelqu’un_; to give any one a thrashing. _Allonger l’—_; to raise fresh difficulties; to cause further delay. =étroit=, =-e=, _adj._, narrow, tight, strait, close; intimate; limited, confined; scanty, small. _Habit —_; tight coat. _Esprit —_; narrow mind. _Être dans une —e amitié avec quelqu’un_; to be on the most intimate terms with any one. _A l’—_; narrowly. _Être à l’—_; to be pinched, to be poor, to be badly off for room. _Vivre à l’—_; to live sparingly. =étroitement= (é-troat-mān), _adv._, closely, tightly, narrowly; intimately, sparingly. _— uni_; closely united. =étroitesse=, _n.f._, narrowness; straitness; tightness, closeness. _— d’esprit_; narrow-mindedness. =étronçonner=, _v.a._, to lop off. =étrusque=, _adj._, Etruscan. =étude=, _n.f._, study; (in colleges) school-room, time of study; examination; survey; rehearsal; (paint.) academy figure; office, chambers, practice (of attorneys); disguise, art, affectation. _pl._, education. _Cabinet d’—_; study. _Maître d’—_; usher. _Avoir de l’—_; to be a man of attainment. _Je me fais une — de_; I make it a study to. _Il a fait ses —s_; he has finished his education. _Il a fait de bonnes —s_; he has had a good education. _Être sans —_; to have no education. _À l’—_; (of plans) being considered, under consideration; (of plays) in rehearsal. =étudiant=, _n.m._, student, undergraduate. _— en droit_; law student. _— en médecine_; medical student. =étudié=, =-e=, _part._, studied, affected, far-fetched. _Langage —_; studied language. _Tableau fort —_; elaborate piece of painting. =étudier=, _v.n._, to study; to learn; to practise (music); to examine; to survey. =étudier=, _v.a._, to study; to practise (music). _— la nature_; to study nature. _— son rôle_; to study one’s part. _— un discours_; to study a speech. _s’_=étudier=, _v.r._, to study, to make it one’s study, to school one’s self. =étudiole=, _n.f._, paper-case. =étui=, _n.m._, case, box; sheath, wing-sheath; needle-case. _— de chapeau_; hat-box. =étuve=, _n.f._, sweating-room; (manu.) stove, drying stove. =étuvée=, _n.f._, stewed meat. =étuvement= (é-tuv-mān), _n.m._, bathing, fomenting (of a wound). =étuver=, _v.a._, to bathe, to foment; (cook.) to stew. ☉=étuviste=, _n.m._, bath-keeper. =étymologie=, _n.f._, etymology. =étymologique=, _adj._, etymological. =étymologiquement=, _adv._, etymologically. =étymologiser=, _v.n._, to etymologize. =étymologiste=, _n.m._, etymologist. =eubages=, _n.m.pl._, Gaulish Druids. =eucharistie= (eu-ka-ris-tî), _n.f._, Eucharist. =eucharistique=, _adj._, eucharistical. =eucologe=, _n.m._, euchology. =eucraisie=, _n.f._, (med.) eucrasy. =eudiomètre=, _n.m._, eudiometer. =eudiométrie=, _n.f._, eudiometry. =eudiométrique=, _adj._, eudiometric. =eufraise=, _n.f._, (bot.) euphrasy, eyebright. =euh=, _int._, aha! oh! Euh! Euh! so, so. =eulogie=, _n.f._, ☉(rel.) consecrated bread. _pl._, (Grec. rel.) broken remnants of the host. =euménide=, _n.f._, (myth.) Fury. =eunuque=, _n.m._, eunuch. =eupatoire=, _n.f._, (bot.) eupatory. =euphémique=, _adj._, euphemistic. =euphémisme=, _n.m._, euphemism. =euphonie=, _n.f._, euphony. =euphonique=, _adj._, euphonical. =euphorbe=, _n.m._, (bot.) euphorbia, spurge, (pharm.) euphorbium. =euphorbiacées=, _n.f.pl._, (bot.) euphorbiaceæ. =européen=, =-ne= (-in, è-n), _n._ and _adj._, European. =eurythmie=, _n.f._, eurythmy. =eustache=, _n.m._, cheap clasp-knife, whittle. =eustyle=, _n.m._, (arch.) eustyle. =eutychéen= _or_ =eutychien=, _n.m._, eutychian. =eux=, _pron._ _m.pl._, they; them. _—-mêmes_; themselves. _Entre —_; between them. =évacuant=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) evacuant. =évacuant=, _n.m._, (med.) evacuant. =évacuati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med., l.u.) evacuant. =évacuation=, _n.f._, evacuation; ejection. _L’— d’une place_; the evacuation of a fortress _or_ town. =évacuer=, _v.a._, to evacuate; to throw off, to eject, to clear. _— les humeurs_; to throw off the humours. _Faites — la salle_; clear the room. _— une place_; to evacuate a place. _s’_=évader=, _v.r._, to make one’s escape, to escape, to break loose; to get away. =évagation=, _n.f._, evagation. =évaluable=, _adj._, ratable, appraisable. =évaluation=, _n.f._, valuation, estimate. _L’— d’une perte_; the estimate of a loss. =évaluer=, _v.a._, to value, to estimate, to rate. =évangélique=, _adj._, evangelical. =évangéliquement= (-lik-mān), _adv._, evangelically. =évangéliser=, _v.a._, to evangelize, to preach the Gospel to. =évangéliser=, _v.n._, to evangelize, to preach the Gospel. =évangéliste=, _n.m._, Evangelist. =évangile=, _n.m._, Gospel. _Côté de l’—_; left-hand side of the altar. _Prêcher l’—_; to preach the Gospel. _Il croit cela comme l’—_; he takes that for Gospel. _Prendre tout pour paroles d’—_; to take all for Gospel. _L’— du jour_; the current news; (rel.) the gospel for the day. =évanoui=, =-e=, _adj._, in a swoon; insensible, unconscious, senseless; vanished, dispelled, gone. _s’_=évanouir=, _v.r._, to faint, to swoon, to swoon away; to vanish, to disappear, to fade away. _Cette nouvelle l’a fait s’—_; that news made her swoon. =évanouissement= (-noo-is-mān), _n.m._, swoon, swooning away, fainting fit, syncope, disappearance. _Revenir d’un —_; to recover from a swoon. =évaporable=, _adj._, evaporable. =évaporati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, causing evaporation. =évaporation=, _n.f._, evaporation; giddiness, thoughtlessness. =évaporatoire=, _adj._, evaporating. =évaporé=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, giddy, thoughtless person; evaporate, evaporated. _Un jeune homme —_; a giddy-brained youth. =évaporer=, _v.a._, to evaporate, to give vent, to pour out in words. _— son chagrin_; to give vent to one’s grief. _s’_=évaporer=, _v.r._, to evaporate; to get giddy, heedless. _Il commence à s’—_; his conduct is becoming irregular. =évasé=, _part._, widened; bell-shaped; bell-mouthed. _Nez —_; nose with wide nostrils. =évasement= (é-vâz-mān), _n.m._, width, widening (at the mouth of a vase, etc.); (arch.) splay. =évaser=, _v.a._, to widen (an opening); to spread, to extend; (arch.) to splay. _— un tuyau_; to widen a pipe. _— un arbre_; to extend a tree. _S’—_; to be widened; to extend, to spread. =évasi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, evasive. =évasion=, _n.f._, escape, flight, elopement. =évasivement=, _adv._, evasively. =évasure=, _n.f._, opening; splay. =évêché=, _n.m._, bishopric; episcopate, see; bishop’s palace. =évection=, _n.f._, (astron.) evection. *=éveil=, _n.m._, (l.u.) awakening; (fig.) warning, hint, alert; alarm; suspicion; awaking, rousing. _En —_; on one’s guard; on the watch. _Donner l’—_; to warn. *=éveillé=, =-e=, _adj._, awake, brisk, lively, sprightly; sharp, smart, intelligent. _Elle est fort —e_; she is very sprightly. *=éveiller=, _v.a._, to awake, to awaken, to wake, to rouse, to excite, to enliven. _— les soupçons_; to arouse suspicion. *_s’_=éveiller=, _v.r._, to awake, to wake up; to get animated. _Elle s’est éveillée en sursaut_; she awoke with a start. =éveilleu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, awakener; rouser. =événement= (é-vé-n-mān), _n.m._, event, occurrence; emergency; issue, end, result. _À tout —_; at all events; to provide for emergencies. _En cas d’—_; upon an emergency. =évent=, _n.m._, flatness, vapidness, deadness; open air; vent-hole; air-hole; (artil.) windage. _Sentir l’—_; to smell vapid. _Avoir la tête à l’—_; to be thoughtless, hare-brained, scatter-brained. =éventable=, _adj._, liable to go flat. *=éventail=, _n.m._, fan. _Fenêtre en —_; fan-light. *=éventailliste=, _n.m.f._, fan-maker. =éventaire=, _n.m._, flat basket. =éventé=, =-e=, _part._, fanned, aired, flat, dead; giddy, thoughtless. _Vin —_; dead, flat wine. _Un homme —_; a giddy, scatter-brained man. =éventer=, _v.a._, to fan, to winnow (corn); to air; to deaden; to let (wine) get flat; to injure by exposure to the air; to discover (a mine); to divulge, to get wind of; to let out (a secret); to discover. _s’_=éventer=, _v.r._, to fan one’s self, to evaporate, to pall, to become flat; to be divulged; to get abroad; to get wind. =éventoir=, _n.m._, fire-fan. =éventrer=, _v.a._, to embowel, to disembowel, to eviscerate, to gut (fish); to rip up, to break open; to open (a pie). _s’_=éventrer=, _v.r._, to rip open one’s bowels. =éventualité=, _n.f._, uncertainty, contingency, eventuality. =éventuel=, =-le=, _adj._, eventual, contingent, uncertain. =éventuel=, _n.m._, extra-grant, capitation-fee. =éventuellement= (-tuèl-mān), _adv._, eventually, contingently. =éventure=, _n.f._, crack, flaw. =évêque=, _n.m._, bishop. _— in partibus_; bishop in partibus. _Devenir d’— meunier_; to descend from peer to peasant. _Un chien regarde bien un —_; a cat may look at a king. =éversi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, eversive; subversive. =éversion=, _n.f._, eversion, overthrow. _s’_=évertuer=, _v.r._, to struggle, to strive, to exert _or_ bestir one’s self; to move heaven and earth. _Je m’évertue à le faire_; I do all I can to accomplish it. =éviction=, _n.f._, (jur.) eviction, ejectment. =évidement=, _n.m._, scooping out, hollowing; groove, hollow. =évidemment= (-da-mān), _adv._, evidently, obviously, plainly, clearly. =évidence=, _n.f._, evidence, obviousness, plainness, clearness. _Mettre en —_; to make conspicuous, to make prominent. _Être en —_; to be conspicuous. _Se rendre à l’—_; to be convinced; to submit to. =évident=, =-e=, _adj._, evident, plain, clear, obvious. =évider=, _v.a._, to hollow, to groove, to scoop out; to stamp, to pink; to unstarch. =évidoir=, _n.m._, hollowing-bit, borer. =évidure=, _n.f._, (tech.). _V._ =évidement=. =évier=, _n.m._, sink, sink-stone. =évincer=, _v.a._, to evict, to eject; to oust. _Il a été évincé_; he was turned out. =évitable=, _adj._, avoidable; evitable. =évitage=, _n.m._, (nav.) swinging; swinging-room. =évitée=, _n.f._, (nav.) swinging berth, swinging-room. _Le vaisseau fait son —_; the ship is swinging round _or_ to. _Avoir son —_; to have a wide berth. =évitement= (é-vit-mān), _n.m._, (railways) siding, shunting. _Gare_, _voie_, _d’—_; siding. =éviter=, _v.a._, to shun, to avoid, to evade, to eschew; to elude, to escape; to save. _— les périls_; to avoid dangers. _— les mauvaises compagnies_; to shun bad company. _— la peine_; to save trouble. _s’_=éviter=, _v.r._, to avoid each other; to spare one’s self; (of things) to be avoided. =éviter=, _v.n._, (nav.) to swing. _— au vent_; to stem the wind. _— à la marée_; to stem the tide. =évocable=, _adj._, (jur.) removable. =évocation=, _n.f._, evocation, raising up; (jur.) removal. =évocatoire=, _adj._, (jur.) for removal (from one court to another). =évoluer=, _v.n._, (nav., milit.) (l.u.) to perform evolutions; to evolve, to revolve. =évolution=, _n.f._, evolution. =évolutionnaire=, _adj._, (milit., nav.) evolutionary. =évoquer=, _v.a._, to evoke, to raise up, to conjure up; to call up. _— à un tribunal supérieur_; (jur.) to remove to a superior court. =évulsion=, _n.f._, (tech.) evulsion. =ex= (èks), (prefix) ex. =ex abrupto=, _adv._, suddenly, unexpectedly. =exacerbation=, _n.f._, (med.) exacerbation. =exact=, =-e= (èg-zakt), _adj._, exact, accurate, correct, precise, punctual; close. _—e analyse_; close analysis. _Les sciences —es_; the exact sciences. _— à_; exact in. =exactement=, _adv._, exactly, punctually, accurately; correctly, precisely. =exacteur=, _n.m._, exactor, extortioner. =exaction=, _n.f._, exaction, extortion. =exactitude=, _n.f._, exactness, punctuality, exactitude; correctness, accuracy, precision, closeness. _Agir avec —_; to be punctual. =exaèdre=, _n.m._ and _adj._ _V._ =hexaèdre=. =exagérat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, exaggerator; given to exaggeration. =exagérati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, exaggeratory. =exagération=, _n.f._, exaggeration, amplification; overrating; aggravation. =exagérer=, _v.a._, to exaggerate, to magnify. =exagone=, _n.m._ and _adj._ _V._ =hexagone=. =exaltation=, _n.f._, exaltation, exalting. =exalté=, =-e=, _n._ and _part._, enthusiast, fanatic; person over-excited; exalted, elated; over-excited, heated, feverish. =exalter=, _v.a._, to exalt, to extol, to magnify, to glorify, to cry up; to excite, to elate, to inflame, to over-excite; (chem.) to exalt, to purify. _s’_=exalter=, _v.r._, to become excited, elated, to rise, to be exalted; to be over-excited; to extol, to magnify; to cry up one another. =examen= (-min), _n.m._, examination, investigation, survey; inspection, scrutiny. _— préliminaire_; little-go. _Jury d’—_; board of examiners. _Faire l’— d’un livre_; to examine a book. _Après mûr —_; after mature examination. _— de conscience_; self-examination. _Se préparer à un —_; to prepare for an examination. _Libre —_; free thinking. =examinat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, examiner. _— supérieur pour les mathématiques_; (universities) moderator. _— adjoint_; assistant-examiner. =examiné=, =-e=, _part._, examined. =examiner=, _v.a._, to examine, to inquire into, to inspect, to survey, to look at; to weigh, to discuss, to consider, to explore. _— à fond_; to sift thoroughly. _— rapidement_; to glance over, to run over. _s’_=examiner=, _v.r._, to examine, to search one’s self; to examine one’s own conscience; to examine, _or_ to observe, one another attentively. =exanthémateu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) exanthematous. =exanthémathique=, _adj._, (med.) exanthematic. =exanthème=, _n.m._, (med.) exanthema. =exarchat= (-ka), _n.m._, exarchate. =exarque=, _n.m._, exarch. =exaspérant=, =-e=, _adj._, exasperating, aggravating. =exaspération=, _n.f._, exasperation, aggravation; acme. =exaspéré=, =-e=, _part._, exasperated, enraged, incensed. =exaspérer=, _v.a._, to exasperate, to enrage, to incense, to inflame. _s’_=exaspérer=, _v.r._, to become, _or_ get, _or_ grow exasperated, enraged, incensed. =exaucement= (ég-zôs-mān), _n.m._, granting, hearing (of prayers). =exaucer=, _v.a._, to hearken to, to hear favorably; to grant. _Dieu exauce les prières des humbles_; God gives an ear to the prayers of the humble. =excavateur=, _n.m._, excavator. =excavation=, _n.f._, excavation, excavating. =excaver=, _v.a._, to excavate, to hollow out. =excédant=, =-e=, _adj._, exceeding; tiresome, unbearable. =excédent=, _n.m._, overplus; surplus; overweight; (arith.) excess, difference. =excéder=, _v.a._, to exceed, to go beyond; to wear out, to tire out. _Il a excédé son pouvoir_; he has exceeded his power. _— quelqu’un de coups_; to beat and bruise any one unmercifully. _s’_=excéder=, _v.r._, to be worn out; to wear out; to weary, to tire, one’s self out. _S’— de débauches_; to wear one’s self out with debauchery. _S’— de travail_; to overwork one’s self; to work too hard. =excellemment= (èk-sè-la-mān), _adv._, excellently, surpassingly. =excellence=, _n.f._, excellence, excellency. _Par —_; preeminently, above all. _Votre —_; your Excellency. _Donner de l’—_; (fam.) to call any one Excellency. =excellent=, =-e=, _adj._, excellent; delightful; delicious. =excellentissime=, _adj._, most excellent. =exceller=, _v.n._, to excel, to be eminent, to transcend, to be transcendent, to surpass. =excentricité=, _n.f._, eccentricity. =excentrique=, _adj._, eccentric, odd. =excentrique=, _n.m._, (mec.) eccentric-wheel. =excepté=, _prep._, except, excepting, save, but. _— que_; except that. =excepter=, _v.a._, to except. _S’—_; to be excepted. =exception=, _n.f._, exception; (jur.) exception; (jur.) plea; (jur.) bar. _— déclinatoire_; (jur.) plea against the jurisdiction. _— péremptoire_; (jur.) demurrer. _— d’incompétence_; (jur.) foreign plea. _— tirée de l’aveu_ or _des actes de la partie_; estoppel. _À l’— de_; with the exception of, except, excepting. _D’—_; exceptional. =exceptionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, exceptional. =excès=, _n.m._, excess, abuse, waste; intemperance, riot, debauchery; (jur.) ill-usage, outrage, violence; (geom., arith.) excess, difference. _A l’—_, _avec —_, _jusqu’à l’—_; to excess, excessively, immoderately. _Faire des —_; to commit excesses, to be guilty of excesses. =excessi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, excessive, extreme, extravagant; exorbitant; intemperate. =excessivement= (-siv-mān), _adv._, excessively, to excess. =exciper=, _v.n._, (jur.) to plead _or_ to allege an exception. =excipient=, _n.m._, (pharm.) excipient. =excise=, _n.f._, excise; excise-office. =exciser=, _v.a._, (surg.) to amputate, to cut off. =excision=, _n.f._, (surg.) excision, cutting off. =excitabilité=, _n.f._, excitability. =excitable=, _adj._, excitable. =excitant=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) exciting. =excitant=, _n.m._, (med.) excitant. =excitat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, exciter. =excitati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, excitative. =excitation=, _n.f._, exciting, excitation, excitement, inciting. =excitement= (èk-sit-mān), _n.m._, (med.) excitement. =exciter=, _v.a._, to excite, to provoke, to stir up, to cause, to inspire, to arouse, to rouse; to urge, to stimulate, to encourage, to inspirit, to animate, to quicken, to instigate, to prompt, to spur; to inflame, to irritate. _— un chien contre quelqu’un_; to set a dog at any one. _s’_=exciter=, _v.r._, to excite, to animate, to encourage one’s self; to animate, to encourage one another; to be excited. =exclamati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, exclamative; (gram.) of exclamation. =exclamation=, _n.f._, exclamation. _Point d’—_; note of exclamation. _s’_=exclamer=, _v.r._, to exclaim, to cry out, to clamor; to protest. =exclure=, _v.a._, to exclude, to debar, to shut out, to keep from, to bar, to leave out. =exclusi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, exclusive. =exclusion=, _n.f._, exclusion. =exclusivement= (-ziv-mān), _adv._, exclusively. =excommunicateur=, _n.m._, excommunicator. _adj._, excommunicating. =excommunication=, _n.f._, excommunication. =excommunié=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, excommunicated. _Avoir un visage d’—_; to look pale and wretched. =excommunier=, _v.a._, to excommunicate. =excoriation=, _n.f._, (surg.) excoriation, barking. =excorier=, _v.a._, (surg.) to excoriate. =excrément=, _n.m._, excrement. _— de la terre_; scum of the earth. =excrémenteu-x=, =-se=, _or_ =excrémentiel=, =-le=, _or_ =excrémentitiel=, =-le=, _adj._, excrementitious, excremental, excrementitial. =excréteur= _or_ =excrétoire=, _adj.m._, (physiology) excretory, excretive. =excrétion=, _n.f._, (physiology) excretion. =excroissance=, _n.f._, excrescence, excrescency; fungus. =excursion=, _n.f._, excursion, inroad; digression, ramble; trip. _En —_; for an outing. _Faire une —_; to make an excursion, to take a trip. =excursionniste=, _n.m.f._, excursionist, tourist. =excusable=, _adj._, excusable, pardonable, venial; (jur.) by misadventure (homicide). ☉=excusation=, _n.f._, (jur.) excusation, plea. =excuse=, _n.f._, excuse, apology; (jur.) plea, excusation. _Faire des —s_; to apologize. _Faites —!_ excuse me! I beg your pardon! _Je vous fais —_; I beg your pardon. =excuser=, _v.a._, to excuse, to exculpate, to pardon; to bear with; to apologize for. _Il l’a excusé auprès du roi_; he has apologized for him to the king. _On doit — les fautes de la jeunesse_; one must bear with the errors of youth. _s’_=excuser=, _v.r._, to excuse, to exculpate one’s self; to throw the blame on; to decline; to apologize, to make an apology. _Le capitaine s’est excusé sur son lieutenant_; the captain cast the blame upon his lieutenant. _S’— de faire une chose_; to decline doing a thing. _Qui s’excuse, s’accuse_; a guilty conscience needs no accuser. =exeat= (èg-zé-at), _n.m._, exeat; pass, leave (to go out of one diocese into another). _Donner à quelqu’un son —_; to send off, to discard, to dismiss, any one. _Donner un — à_; to give any one leave to go out. =exécrable=, _adj._, execrable, deplorable. =exécrablement=, _adv._, execrably, deplorably. =exécration=, _n.f._, execration. _Il est en — à tout le monde_; he is held in abhorrence by everybody. =exécratoire=, _adj._, execratory. =exécrer=, _v.a._, to execrate, to hold in execration _or_ in detestation. =exécutable=, _adj._, feasible, practicable. =exécutant=, _n.m._, (mus.) performer, player. =exécuter=, _v.a._, to execute, to perform; to accomplish, to carry out, to achieve, to fulfill; (jur.) to distrain; (jur.) to serve; to put to death. _J’exécuterai ce que j’ai promis_; I shall perform what I promised. _— un arrêt_; to carry out a sentence. _s’_=exécuter=, _v.r._, to be performed, to be done, to take place; to sell off (one’s property for the benefit of creditors); to sacrifice one’s self; to yield, to comply, to submit. _Allons, exécutez-vous_; come, do the needful. =exécut-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, executor, executrix; executioner, hangman. _— testamentaire_; executor, executrix. _Livrer à l’—_; to deliver over to the executioner. =exécuti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, executive. _n.m._, the Executive. =exécution=, _n.f._, execution, accomplishment, performance, achievement, fulfillment. _Mettre des ordres à —_; to execute orders. _Mettre à —_; to carry out. _L’— de ce travail ne répond pas au plan_; the execution of this work does not come up to the plan. _L’— d’un morceau de musique_; the performance of a piece of music. _Homme d’—_; resolute, bold, enterprising, practical man. _Ordre d’—_; (of a criminal) death-warrant, warrant for execution. _Procéder à l’—_; to carry out an execution. =exécutoire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (jur.) writ of execution; executory. =exèdre=, _n.m._, (arch.) exedra. =exégèse=, _n.f._, exegesis. =exégétique=, _adj._, exegetical. =exemplaire=, _adj._, exemplary. =exemplaire=, _n.m._, model, pattern; copy (of printed books, engravings); specimen. _J’ai trois —s de ce livre-là_; I have three copies of that book. _J’ai un bel — de cette médaille_; I have a fine copy of that medal. =exemplairement= (-plèr-mān), _adv._, exemplarily, in an exemplary manner. =exemple=, _n.m._, example, pattern; precedent, parallel, instance; copy, copy-slip. _Proposer un —_; to offer an example. _Ne vous réglez pas sur son —_; do not follow in his footsteps. _Faire un — de quelqu’un_; to make an example of any one. _Prendre — sur quelqu’un_; to be guided by any one. _Il n’y en a point d’—_; there is no precedent for it, there is no example of such a thing. _Donnez-m’en un —_; give me an instance. _Citer un —_; to quote an instance. _Prêcher d’—_; to practice what one preaches. _Un dictionnaire sans —s est un squelette_; a dictionary without examples is a mere skeleton. _À l’— de_; in imitation of. _Par —_; for instance, for example; indeed! bless me! upon my word! upon my honor! only fancy! the idea! _Par —, voilà qui est fort!_ well now, I like that! _Sans —_; extraordinary, unexampled, unparalleled. =exempt=, =-e= (èg-zān, -t), _adj._, exempt, exempted, free from. =exempt=, _n.m._, ecclesiastic exempted from the jurisdiction of the ordinary. _— de police_; police officer; constable. =exempter= (èg-zān-té), _v.a._, to exempt, to free; to dispense, to excuse, to exonerate. _s’_=exempter=, _v.r._, to exempt one’s self from, to dispense with. =exemption= (èg-zānp-sion), _n.f._, exemption, exoneration, immunity; dispensation. _Lettre d’— des droits de douane_; (com.) bill of sufferance. =exequatur= (-koua-), _n.m._, (_—_) exequatur. =exercer=, _v.a._, to exercise, to train up; to perform, to practice, to exert; to fill an office; to follow, to carry on (a trade _or_ profession); (milit.) to drill. _— des soldats_; to drill soldiers. _— sa mémoire_; to exercise one’s memory. _— la patience de quelqu’un_; to try any one’s patience. _— l’hospitalité_; to practice hospitality. _— la médecine_; to practice medicine. _s’_=exercer=, _v.r._, to exercise, to practice; to exercise, to train one’s self; to exert one’s self; to try one’s hand at. =exercer=, _v.n._, to practice; to visit (manufacturers and others who sell excisable articles). _Avocat qui n’exerce plus_; retired barrister. =exercice=, _n.m._, exercise, practice, use; work, labor; trouble, fatigue; inspection (of an officer of the indirect taxes); (administration) receipts and expenditure during a certain time; (milit.) drill; drilling. _Entrer en —_; to commence one’s duties. _Sortir d’—_; to finish one’s term of service. _L’— d’une profession_; the exercise of a profession. _Faire l’—_; to exercise, to drill. _Faire l’— à des soldats_; to drill, to train, soldiers. _Subir l’—_; to be drilled. _Prendre de l’—_; to take exercise. _Se tenir en —_; to keep one’s self in practice. _— à jeu_; rifle, carbine exercise. _— de piété_; practice of piety. =exérèse=, _n.f._, (surg.) extraction, amputation, cutting off. =exergue= (èg-zèrg), _n.m._, exergue. =exfoliati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (surg., pharm.) exfoliative. =exfoliation=, _n.f._, (surg.) exfoliation. _s’_=exfolier=, _v.r._, to exfoliate. =exfumer=, _v.a._, (paint.) to soften. =exhalaison=, _n.f._, exhalation, effluvium. =exhalant=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (anat.) exhaling vessel; exhaling. =exhalation=, _n.f._, exhalation. =exhalatoire=, _adj._, evaporating. _n.m._, evaporating-vessel. =exhaler=, _v.a._, to send forth, to exhale; to give forth, to breathe; to vent; to give vent to; to emit. _Ces fleurs exhalent une douce odeur_; these flowers emit a sweet smell. _— sa colère_; to give vent to one’s anger. _s’_=exhaler=, _v.r._, to be emitted, to be exhaled; to give vent to, to indulge in. _S’— en plaintes_, _en menaces_; to give vent to complaints, to indulge in threats. =exhaussement= (èg-zôs-mān), _n.m._, (arch.) height; raising up, mound. =exhausser=, _v.a._, (arch.) to raise, to raise up, to run up, to make higher. _S’—_; to be raised; to raise one’s self. =exhérédation=, _n.f._, (jur.) disinheriting, exheredation, disinheritance. =exhéréder=, _v.a._, (jur.) to exheredate, to disinherit. =exhiber=, _v.a._, to exhibit, to produce, to show. _— ses papiers_, _son passeport_; to produce one’s papers, one’s passport. =exhibition=, _n.f._, (jur.) exhibition, producing, exhibiting. =exhibitoire=, _adj._, exhibitory, prohibitive. =exhilarant=, =-e=, _adj._, exhilarating. =exhortati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, exhortative. =exhortation=, _n.f._, exhortation. =exhortatoire=, _adj._, exhortatory. =exhorter=, _v.a._, to exhort, to admonish. =exhumation=, _n.f._, exhumation, disinterment. =exhumer=, _v.a._, to exhume, to dig out; to disinter; to bring to light; to rake up. =exigeant=, =-e= (-jān-t), _adj._, unreasonable, over-particular, too exacting; troublesome, hard to please. =exigence=, _n.f._, unreasonableness; unreasonable claim _or_ demand; exigency, exigence. _Selon l’— du cas_; as occasion shall require. =exiger=, _v.a._, to exact, to require, to demand, to enforce. _— des égards_; to enforce respect. _— le payement d’une dette_; to exact the payment of a debt. =exigibilité=, _n.f._, exigibility. =exigible=, _adj._, exigible, demandable. =exigu=, =-ë=, _adj._, scanty, slender, slight, small. =exiguïté=, _n.f._, scantiness, slenderness, slightness, smallness. =exil=, _n.m._, exile, banishment. _Envoyer en —_; to banish. =exilé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, exile, refugee. =exiler=, _v.a._, to exile, to banish. _s’_=exiler=, _v.r._, to exile one’s self; to withdraw, to seclude, one’s self. _Il s’est exilé du monde_; he has withdrawn from the world. =exinanition=, _n.f._, exhaustion. =existant=, =-e=, _adj._, existing, in being, existent, extant; in force. =existence=, _n.f._, existence, being, subsistence; living. _pl._, (com.) stock on hand. _Mettre un terme à son —_; to put an end to one’s existence. =exister=, _v.n._, to exist; to be in existence, to live; to be extant; to subsist. _Cette dette n’existe plus_; this debt is extinct. _Les ouvrages qui existent_; the works which are extant. =exocet=, _n.m._, (ich.) exocœtus, flying fish. =exode=, _n.m._, Exodus; exode. =exomphale=, _n.f._, (surg.) exomphalos. =exonération=, _n.f._, exoneration; freedom from blame. =exonérer=, _v.a._, to exonerate, to discharge, to free from. =exophtalmie=, _n.f._, exophthalmia. =exophtalmique=, _adj._, exophthalmic. =exorable=, _adj._, exorable. =exorbitamment= (-ta-mān), _adv._, exorbitantly, excessively, extravagantly. =exorbitant=, =-e=, _adj._, extravagant, exorbitant, excessive. =exorciser=, _v.a._, to exorcise, to put out (devils); to conjure. =exorcisme=, _n.m._, exorcism. =exorciste=, _n.m._, exorcist, exorciser. =exorde=, _n.m._, exordium, commencement; beginning. =exosmose=, _n.f._, (phys.) exosmose, exosmosis. =exostose=, _n.f._, (med., bot.) exostosis. _s’_=exostoser=, _v.r._, (surg.) to form in exostosis. =exotérique=, _adj._, exoteric; vulgar. =exotique=, _adj._, exotic, foreign; outlandish. =expansibilité=, _n.f._, expansibility. =expansible=, _adj._, expansible, expansive. =expansi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, expansive; unreserved, open-hearted, overflowing. =expansion=, _n.f._, expansion, unreservedness; opening out. _Avoir de l’—_; to be open, unreserved, communicative. =expatriation=, _n.f._, expatriation; self-banishment. =expatrier=, _v.a._, to expatriate; to send into banishment. _s’_=expatrier=, _v.r._, to expatriate one’s self; to leave one’s native country. =expectance=, _n.f._, expectancy. =expectant=, =-e=, _adj._, expectant. =expectant=, _n.m._, (med.) expectant. =expectati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, expectant. =expectative=, _n.f._, expectation, hopes, prospect; (jur.) expectancy. _Il est dans l’—_; he is in expectation. _Avoir l’— de quelque chose_; to look forward to the possession of anything. =expectorant=, =-e=, _adj._, expectorant. =expectorant=, _n.m._, expectorant. =expectoration=, _n.f._, expectoration; sputa. =expectorer=, _v.a._, to expectorate, to spit. =expédient=, _n.m._, expedient; shift; ☉(jur.) compromise. _Homme d’—s_; man full of expedients, _or_ full of resource. _En être aux —s_; to be reduced to expedients _or_ to shifts. _Son dernier —_; one’s last shift. =expédient=, _adj.m._, expedient, fit, meet, proper, advisable. =expédier=, _v.a._, to dispatch, to perform, to send off; to forward; to knock off, to clear off; to clear (at the custom-house); to draw up. _— des marchandises_; to forward goods. _— un acte_; to draw up a deed. _— des troupes_; to send off troops. =expéditeur=, _n.m._, sender, commission-agent; (nav.) shipper. =expéditi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, expeditious, quick. =expédition=, _n.f._, expedition, dispatch; sending, shipment; copy (of a deed); clearance (at the custom-house). _pl._, dispatches. _Faire l’— de_; (com.) to forward. _Le courrier attend ses —s_; the courier is waiting for his dispatches. _Homme d’—_; sharp man of business. =expéditionnaire=, _adj._, expeditionary. =expéditionnaire=, _n.m._, sender, shipper; commission-agent, copying-clerk, forwarding-clerk. =expérience=, _n.f._, experience; trial, experiment. _Faire une —_; to make an experiment. _Des —s de chimie_; experiments in chemistry. _Je sais cela par —_; I know that by experience. _Parler par —_; to speak from experience. =expérimental=, =-e=, _adj._, experimental. =expérimentateur=, _n.m._, experimentalist. =expérimenté=, =-e=, _adj._, experienced. =expérimenter=, _v.a._, to experiment, to try by use, to test; to experience. =expert=, =-e=, _adj._, expert, skillful, well versed in. =expert=, _n.m._, appraiser, valuer; surveyor; expert. =expertement=, _adv._, expertly, skillfully. =expertise=, _n.f._, survey, valuation, assessment (of specially appointed surveyors); report (of survey), appraisement, arbitration. _Faire une —_; to make a survey. =expertiser=, _v.a._, to make a survey; to appraise, to value, to assess. =expiation=, _n.f._, expiation, atonement, satisfaction. _En — de_; as an atonement for. _Faire — de_; to make an atonement for. =expiatoire=, _adj._, expiatory. _Sacrifice —_; sin-offering. =expier=, _v.a._, to expiate, to atone for; to make reparation for. =expirant=, =-e=, _adj._, expiring, dying; faint, inaudible. =expirateur=, _adj.m._, (anat.) expiratory. =expiration=, _n.f._, expiration. =expirer=, _v.n._, to expire; to breathe one’s last; to die away; to come to an end, to run out. _Mon bail a expiré hier_; my lease was up yesterday. =expirer=, _v.a._, to breathe out; to exhale, to expire. =expléti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) expletive. =explétif=, _n.m._, (gram.) expletive. =explicable=, _adj._, explicable, explainable. =explicateur=, _n.m._, explainer, cicerone, guide. =explicati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, explicative, explanatory. =explication=, _n.f._, explanation, explication, interpretation; construing; meaning. _Avoir une — avec_; to have an explanation with. _Cela demande —_; that requires an explanation. =explicite=, _adj._, explicit, clear; express. =explicitement= (-cit-mān), _adv._, explicitly; clearly. =expliquer=, _v.a._, to explain, to express, to declare, to account for, to teach, to expound; to construe, to illustrate. _Expliquez-moi ce que cela signifie_; explain to me what that means. _— une énigme_; to solve a riddle. _— une doctrine_; to expound a doctrine. _s’_=expliquer=, _v.r._, to explain one’s self; to have an explanation; to be explained; to be accounted for; to be made manifest. =expliqueur=, _n.m._, explainer. =exploit=, _n.m._, exploit, achievement, feat, deed; (jur.) writ, process. _Dresser un —_; to draw up a writ. _Signifier un —_; to serve a writ. =exploitabilité=, _n.f._, workableness. =exploitable=, _adj._, workable, that may be turned to account; improvable; (jur.) distrainable. _Cette mine est encore —_; that mine may still be worked. =exploitant=, _n.m._, worker (of mines); farmer, grower. _adj._, _huissier —_; (jur.) process server. =exploitation=, _n.f._, working; improving (lands); cultivation (of wood); employing, using; taking advantage of, cheating. _— d’un champ_; (agri.) cultivation of a field. _— par compartiments_; (mining) panel-work. _— par grande taille_; long-work. _— rurale_; farming. _Matériel d’—_; working-stock. _En —_; being worked; in activity. _Mettre en —_; to work. _— de l’homme par l’homme_; profiting by the labor of others; sweating system. =exploiter=, _v.a._, to work; to improve; to cultivate for sale; to use; to make the most of. _— une mine_; to work a mine; to take advantage of, to impose upon. _— un bois_; to cultivate a wood for sale. _— une place_; to make the most of a situation. _— la curiosité publique_; to speculate upon public curiosity. _Cet homme m’a exploité_; that man has cheated _or_ taken advantage of me. ☉=exploiter=, _v.n._, to serve writs. _s’_=exploiter=, _v.r._, to be worked, to take advantage one of the other. =exploiteur=, _n.m._, (b.s.) person who takes advantage (of others), who works, who uses (others); sweater. =explorable=, _adj._, explorable. =explorateur=, _n.m._, explorer. =explorat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, exploratory. =exploration=, _n.f._, exploration. =explorer=, _v.a._, to explore. _S’—_; to be explored. =explosible=, _adj._, explosive. =explosi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, explosive. =explosion=, _n.f._, explosion; bursting, blowing up; outbreak, outburst. _Faire —_; to explode; to burst out, to break out. =exponentiel=, =-le=, _adj._, (alg.) exponential. =exportateur=, _n.m._, exporter. =exportation=, _n.f._, exportation, export. =exporter=, _v.a._, to export. _S’—_; to be exported. =exposant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, exhibitor; (jur.) petitioner; (math.) exponent, index. =exposé=, _n.m._, statement; account, outline; (jur.) recital. _Faire un —_; to draw up a statement. _— des motifs_; explanatory statement. =exposé=, =-e=, _part._ and _adj._, exposed, on view; situated; having a certain aspect; uncovered; liable; abandoned. =exposer=, _v.a._, to expose, to expose to view, to show, to exhibit; to endanger, to hazard, to venture, to render liable, to make liable, to lay open; to state, to set forth; to expound, to explain, to abandon. _— en vente_; to expose for sale. _— sa vie_; to venture one’s life. _— ses sentiments_; to state one’s sentiments. _— un système_; to unfold a system. _— un corps mort sur un lit de parade_; to lay out a dead body in state. _s’_=exposer=, _v.r._, to expose one’s self; to be exposed, to be liable, to lay one’s self open, to lie open. _Il s’expose à la risée de tout le monde_; he makes himself the laughing-stock of everybody. =exposer=, _v.n._, to explain; to exhibit. _Je ne connais personne qui expose mieux_; I know no one who can explain a thing better. _Ce peintre n’a pas encore exposé_; that painter has not yet exhibited. =exposition=, _n.f._, exhibition, exposing; exposure; lying-in-state (of dead bodies); situation; aspect, statement, explanation. _La grande —_; the Great Exhibition. _Maison dans une — agréable_; house with a pleasant aspect. _Faire une fidèle — de toutes ses raisons_; to give a faithful account of all one’s reasons. =exprès=, =-se=, _adj._, express, positive; plain, clear, distinct. _La loi est —se sur ce point_; the law is positive on that point. =exprès=, _n.m._, express (messenger). =exprès=, _adv._, expressly, purposely, on purpose. _Il semble fait — pour cela_; he seems to be cut out for it. _C’est un fait —_; it is done on purpose. =express=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (railways) express, express train. _Le train —_; the express train. =expressément=, _adv._, expressly, positively; clearly, distinctly. =expressi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, expressive. =expression=, _n.f._, expression, expressiveness, utterance. _Son regard est plein d’—_; his look is full of expression. _— imaginaire_; (alg.) imaginary, impossible, binomial. _La plus simple —_; (math.) the lowest terms. _Réduire à la plus simple —_; to reduce to the lowest terms. =exprimable=, _adj._, expressible. =exprimer=, _v.a._, to express, to press out, to squeeze out; to be expressive of; to declare, to utter, to tell; to word. _— le suc d’une plante_; to squeeze the juice out of a plant. _s’_=exprimer=, _v.r._, to express one’s self; to be expressed. =ex professo=, _adv._, ex professo. =expropriation=, _n.f._, (jur.) expropriation, dispossession. _— forcée_; compulsory dispossession. _Jury d’—_; (jur.) valuation jury. =exproprier=, _v.a._, (jur.) to dispossess; to expropriate. =expulser=, _v.a._, to expel, to thrust out, to turn out, to eject, to drive out, to put out. =expulseur=, _adj._, expelling. =expulsi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) expulsive. =expulsion=, _n.f._, expulsion, extrusion; (jur.) ejection; ejectment. =expurgatoire=, _adj._, expurgatory. _Index —_; expurgatory index. =expurger=, _v.a._, to expurgate, to remove, to cancel, to amend. =exquis=, =-e=, _adj._, exquisite, nice, refined; choice, select. _Vin —_; delicious wine. _Avoir un goût —_; to have an exquisite taste. =exquis=, _n.m._, exquisiteness. =exquisement= (-kiz-mān), _adv._, exquisitely. =exsangue=, =exsanguin=, =-e=, _adj._, bloodless, anæmic; weak, feeble, spiritless. =exsiccation=, _n.f._, (chem.) exsiccation; dryness. =exsuccion=, _n.f._, exsuction. =exsudation=, _n.f._, exsudation, exudation; sweat; oozing out; perspiration. =exsuder=, _v.n._, to exude, to perspire; to ooze out. ☉=extant=, =-e=, _adj._, (jur.) existing. =extase=, _n.f._, ecstasy, trance; rapture. _Tomber en —_; to be entranced; to fall into ecstacy _or_ in a trance. _s’_=extasier=, _v.r._, to be enraptured, to go into raptures; to be struck with admiration. =extatique=, _adj._, ecstatic, rapturous. =extenseur=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (anat.) extensor. =extensibilité=, _n.f._, extensibility, expansion. =extensible=, _adj._, extensible, tensible; tensile. =extensi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, extending, expanding. =extension=, _n.f._, extension; tension, strain; extent; span. _in_ =extenso=, _adv._ _V._ =in extenso=. =exténuation=, _n.f._, extenuation, exhaustion, debility. =exténuer=, _v.n._, to extenuate, to enfeeble, to weaken, to debilitate. _Sa maladie l’a fort exténué_; his illness has weakened him very much. =extérieur=, =-e=, _adj._, exterior, external, outward, outer, outside; foreign. =extérieur=, _n.m._, exterior, outside appearance; foreign countries, abroad. _Les nouvelles de l’—_; news from abroad. _À l’intérieur et à l’—_; at home and abroad. =extérieurement= (-eur-mān), _adv._, externally, outwardly. =exterminat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, destroyer, exterminator; exterminating, destroying. =exterminati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, exterminating. =extermination=, _n.f._, extermination. =exterminer=, _v.a._, to exterminate, to destroy, to annihilate. =externat=, _n.m._, day-school. =externe=, _adj._, external, exterior, outward, outdoor. =externe=, _n.m._, day-scholar; (of hospitals) dresser. =extinction=, _n.f._, extinction, extinguishment; destruction; abolition; appeasement; redemption (of annuities); liquidation, settlement (of debts); quelling, suppression (of disturbances); extermination; quenching; slaking (of lime). _— des racines_; (alg., arith.) evolution. _— de voix_; loss of voice. _À l’— des feux_, _des bougies_; (at auctions) by inch of candle. _Jusqu’à — de chaleur naturelle_; till one is exhausted. =extinguible=, _adv._, extinguishable. =extirpateur=, _n.m._, extirpator, destroyer; (agri.) weeder; weeding-tool, spud. =extirpation=, _n.f._, excision, extirpation; uprooting, destruction, weeding up. =extirper=, _v.a._, to extirpate, to root out, to pull up, to exterminate, to cut off. _— un cancer_; to cut out a cancer. =extorquer=, _v.a._, to extort, to wrest, to worm out of. =extorqueu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, extortioner. =extorsion=, _n.f._, extortion. =extra=, _n.m._, (_—_) extra, something extra. _C’était ma fête et nous avons fait un —_, _un peu d’—_; it was my birthday, so we had something extra, something out of the common. _Plat d’—_; extra dish. =extractible=, _adj._, extractible. =extractif=, _n.m._, (chem.) extractive, extract. =extracti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, extractive. =extraction=, _n.f._, extraction; origin, descent, lineage. _L’— d’une dent_; the drawing of a tooth. _De basse —_; of low birth, of humble parentage. =extrader=, _v.a._, to extradite; to surrender. =extradition=, _n.f._, extradition. =extrados=, _n.m._, (arch.) extrados. =extradossé=, =-e=, _adj._, (arch.) extra-dossed. =extraire= (extrayant, extrait), _v.a._, to extract, to draw, to take out; to make extracts from; to select; to abridge; to take from one prison to another. _— un livre_; to make an abridgment of a book. =extrait=, _n.m._, extract; selection; epitome; spirit; abstract; docket. _— de naissance_, _de baptême_, _de mariage_; certificate of birth, baptism, marriage. _— mortuaire_; certificate of death. _— authentique_; certified copy of a document. =extrajudiciaire=, _adj._, extrajudicial. =extrajudiciairement=, _adv._, extrajudicially. =extra-muros= (-rôs), _adv._, outside the walls (of a city, assembly). =extraordinaire=, _adj._, extraordinary, unusual; uncommon, out of the way; singular, odd, queer; enormous. _Il n’y a rien d’— à cela_; there is nothing extraordinary in that. _Question —_; rack (torture). _Visage —_; odd face. =extraordinaire=, _n.m._, extraordinariness, extraordinary thing, uncommon thing. _L’— c’est que ..._; the extraordinary part of it is ... =extraordinairement= (-nèr-mān), _adv._, extraordinarily, unusually; oddly, enormously. _Procéder — contre quelqu’un_; (jur.) to prosecute any one criminally. =extrapassé=, =-e=, _part._, (paint.) beyond natural limits. _V._ =strapassé=. =extrapasser=, _v.a._, (paint.). _V._ =strapasser=. =extravagamment= (-ga-mān), _adv._, extravagantly, unreasonably. =extravagance=, _n.f._, extravagance, folly, wildness; mad action. _J’ai pitié de son —_; I pity his folly. _Il a dit mille —s_; he said a thousand extravagant things. =extravagant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, extravagant, wild person; extravagant, wild. _C’est un —_; he is a mad fellow. =extravagante=, _n.f._, (c.rel.) extravagant, papal constitution. _Les —s_; the decretals. =extravaguer= (-ghé), _v.n._, to talk wildly, to rave, to talk like a madman. =extravasation= _or_ =extravasion=, _n.f._, (med.) extravasation; effusion (of blood). =extravasé=, =-e=, _adj._, extravasated; let out. _Sang —_; extravasated blood. _s’_=extravaser=, _v.r._, to be extravasated. =extrême=, _adj._, extreme, utmost, excessive. =extrême=, _n.m._, extreme, utmost, point. _Jusqu’à l’—_, _à l’—_; to an extreme. _Il se jette dans les —s_; he runs into extremes. _Les —s se touchent_; extremes meet. =extrêmement= (èks-trêm-mān), _adv._, extremely; immensely, enormously; exceedingly. =extrême-onction=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) (c.rel.) extreme unction. _in_ =extremis= (i-nèks-tré-mîs), _adv._, (jur.) at the point of death. =extrémité=, _n.f._, extremity, extreme; excess; last moment; end, tip; verge, border, brink. _A l’—_; to extremity, at a push; without resource; dying. _Passer d’une — à l’autre_; to pass from one extreme to another. _Pousser à la dernière —_; to drive to extremities. _À toute —_; at the worst. =extrinsèque=, _adj._, extrinsic. _Valeur — des monnaies_; value assigned to coins independently of their actual weight. =exubérance=, _n.f._, exuberance, luxuriance. =exubérant=, =-e=, _adj._, exuberant, luxuriant. =exubérer=, _v.n._, to exuberate; to abound; to luxuriate. =exulcérati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) producing ulcers; exulcerative. =exulcération=, _n.f._, (med.) exulceration. =exulcérer=, _v.a._, (med.) to exulcerate. =exultation=, _n.f._, exultation, rapture, great joy. =exutoire=, _n.m._, (med.) exutory, issue. =ex-voto=, _n.m._, (_—_) votive offering. F =f=, _n.m.f._, the sixth letter of the alphabet, f. _Les F et les B_; oaths, swearing. =fa=, _n.m._, (mus.) fa; F. _Clef de —_; bass, bass-clef. =fabagelle=, _n.f._, =fabago=, _n.m._, (bot.) fabago, bean-caper. =fable=, _n.f._, fable, story; untruth; tale; mythology; laughing-stock, by-word. _Être la — de tout le monde_; to be the laughing-stock _or_ byword of everybody. =fabliau=, _n.m._, ancient tale in verse. =fablier=, _n.m._, fabulist; book of fables. =fabricant=, _n.m._, manufacturer, maker. =fabricateur=, _n.m._, (b.s.) fabricator, maker; coiner, forger. _— de fausse monnaie_; coiner of base money. _— de nouvelles_; forger of news. =fabrication=, _n.f._, fabrication, manufacture, making, make; forgery; coining. _La — d’un faux acte_; the forging of a deed. =fabricien= (-si-in) _or_ =fabricier=, _n.m._, vestry-man. =fabrique=, _n.f._, building (of churches); vestry-board; making, fabrication; (manu.) works; manufactory; factory; forging. _Marchandises de —_; goods of inferior quality. _Prix de —_; cost, _or_ manufacturer’s, price. _Marque de —_; trademark. _C’est de sa —_; (fig.) that is pure invention on his part. =fabriquer=, _v.a._, to manufacture; to fabricate; to coin (money); to forge. _Se —_; to be manufactured. =fabuleusement= (-leûz-mān), _adv._, fabulously; incredibly. =fabuleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, fabulous, fictitious, extraordinary; incredible. =fabuliste=, _n.m._, fabulist. =façade=, _n.f._, front, face (of an edifice); frontage; façade. =face=, _n.f._, front; fore-part (of a building); face; state; aspect, appearance; countenance; surface; turn (of affairs). _Une — réjouie_; a jolly face. _Faire — à_; to face; to fulfill; to meet. _A la — de_; in the presence of; before. _En — de_; in the face of; opposite. _De —_; in front; abreast of; full face. _Vu de —_; seen in front; taking a front view; seen from the front. _Donner sur la — à quelqu’un_; to give any one a slap in the face. _— de réprouvé_; sinister-looking countenance. _— de carême_; pale face. _Faire volte-—_; to face about. _Faire — à ses affaires_; to meet one’s engagements. _Les affaires ont bien changé de —_; things have taken quite another turn. _— à —_; face to face. _De prime —_; at first. _Jouer à pile ou —_; to play pitch and toss; at heads or tails. =facé=, =-e=, _adj._, (l.u.) faced. _Un homme bien —_; a full- _or_ good-faced man. =facétie= (-ci), _n.f._, facetiousness, jest, joke, witty saying. _Recueil de —s_; facetiæ. =facétieusement= (-sieûz-mān), _adv._, facetiously, jestingly; jocosely. =facétieu-x=, =-se= (-ci-), _adj._, facetious, jocular, humorous. _n.m._, jester, joker. =facette=, _n.f._, facet, face. _Diamant taillé à —s_; diamond cut facet-wise. =facetté=, =-e=, _part._, faceted. =facetter=, _v.a._, to cut with facets. =fâché=, =-e=, _adj._, (contre) angry, displeased; (de) sorry, vexed. _Il est — de vous avoir offensé_; he is sorry he has offended you. _Être — contre quelqu’un_; to be angry with any one. _Être — d’un malheur_; to be sorry for a misfortune. _Être — avec_; to be on bad terms with. =fâcher=, _v.a._, to anger, to make angry, to offend, to vex, to displease. (_imp._ l.u.). _Il me fâche d’être forcé de vous dire_; I am sorry to be obliged to tell you. _Soit dit sans vous —_; with all due deference. _se_ =fâcher=, _v.r._, to be _or_ get angry, to get into a passion, to be offended. _Ne vous fâchez pas_; do not take offence. =fâcherie= (fâ-shri), _n.f._, angry feeling, disagreement, quarrel, vexation. =fâcheusement=, _adv._, unpleasantly, inopportunely, disagreeably; grievously, sadly; awkwardly. =fâcheu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, grievous, sad, troublesome, vexatious; difficult; cross, peevish. _C’est un — personnage_; he is a troublesome personage. _Il est — que vous n’ayez pas été averti à temps_; it is a pity that you were not told in time. =fâcheux=, _n.m._, troublesome, unkind person, _or_ fellow, pesterer, intruder, bore. _Le — de l’affaire_; the worst of the matter. =facial=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) facial. _Angle —_; facial angle. =facies= (fa-siès), _n.m._, (med.) facial expression. =facile=, _adj._, facile, easy; yielding, complying; voluble; weak; flowing, fluent, ready. _Un homme de — accès_; a man easy of access. _Style —_; easy, fluent style. _Un homme —_; a man of an easy temper. _Tout cela est plus — à dire qu’à faire_; all that is easier said than done. =facilement= (fa-sil-mān), _adv._, easily, readily, yieldingly; fluently. =facilité=, _n.f._, facility, ease, easiness, readiness; fluency; quickness; (com.) accommodation. _pl._, (com.) easy terms. _Il a une grande — à parler_; he has great fluency of speech. =faciliter=, _v.a._, to facilitate, to make easy. =façon=, _n.f._, make; making, workmanship; shape, fashion; (agri.) dressing; way, manner; look, appearance, mien; compliment; affectation; ceremony; attention. _pl._, ceremony. _A la — de_; after the manner of. _De cette —_; in this manner. _La — d’un habit_; the make, the cut, of a coat. _Prendre à —_; to make up ladies’, gentlemen’s, own materials. _Tailleur à —_; tailor who makes up your own materials. _Donner à —_; to put out to make. _C’est sa — de penser_; it is his way of thinking. _De — ou d’autre_; somehow or other, somehow. _En aucune —_; by no means, in no wise. _De quelque — que ce soit_; anyhow. _De toute —_; at any rate. _Un homme de bonne —_; a good-looking man. _Cela n’a ni mine ni —_; that has neither grace nor shape. _En donner de la bonne — à quelqu’un_; to give a good hiding or talking to. _S’en donner de la bonne —_; to go on at a fine rate; to refuse one’s self nothing. _Faire des —s_; to be ceremonious. _Un homme plein de —s_; a ceremonious man. _Point de —s_; no ceremony. _Sans —s_; without ceremony. _Pourquoi faites-vous tant de —s?_ why do you stand so much on ceremony? _De — que_; in such a way as, so that. _Payer la —_; to pay the piper. _De sa —_; of his own invention. =faconde=, _n.f._, (fam.) talkativeness, loquacity; fluency. _Avoir de la —_; to have the gift of the gab, eloquence. =façonné=, =-e=, _part._, figured (of stuffs); wrought. =façonnage= _or_ =façonnement=, _n.m._, fashioning, shaping, making. =façonner=, _v.a._, to make, to make up, to fashion, to figure, to form, to adorn, to embellish, to work, to polish; to accustom, to use. _se_ =façonner=, _v.r._, to become used or accustomed to; to become polished. =façonner=, _v.n._, (fam.) to be ceremonious; to stand on ceremony. =façonnerie= (fa-so-n-rî), _n.f._, figuring (of stuffs). =façonni-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, ceremonious, precise, formal, affected. =fac-similaire=, _adj._, fac-similar, exactly copied. =fac-similé=, _n.m._, facsimile. =fac-similé=, _part._, copied exactly. =fac-similer=, _v.a._, to facsimile; to copy exactly. =factage=, _n.m._, porterage, carriage; goods _or_ parcels delivery. =facteur=, _n.m._, maker; agent, assistant; (arith., com.) factor; postman, letter-carrier; railway porter; (fig.) factor, element, agent. _— de pianos_; pianoforte-maker. _— d’orgues_; organ-builder. =factice=, _adj._, factitious, artificial, unnatural, forced, got up; (of words) unauthorized. =facticement= (-tis-mān), _adv._, factitiously, in a factitious manner. =factieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, factious, mutinous, seditious. =factieux=, _n.m._, factionist, rebel; sedition-monger. =faction=, _n.f._, faction; sentry, watch, duty of a sentinel. _Être en —_, _faire —_; to be on duty. _Entrer en —_; to go on duty. _Relever de —_; to relieve sentry. =factionnaire=, _n.m._, sentinel, sentry. =factorage=, _n.m._, (com.) factorage. =factorerie= (-tor-rî), _n.f._, (com.) factory. =factotum=, _n.m._, (_—s_) factotum; do-all. =factrice=, _n.f._, (com.) female agent, factor. =factum= (-tom), _n.m._, (_—s_) (jur.) statement (of a cause). =facture=, _n.f._, composition, workmanship (of music, verse); (com.) bill of parcels; invoice, bill; (of organs) building. _Tête de —_; bill-head. _Livre de —s_; invoice-book. _Faire une —_; to make out an invoice. =facturer=, _v.a._, to invoice. =facturier=, _n.m._, invoice-book; invoice-clerk. =facule=, _n.f._, (astron.) facula. =facultati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, optional, discretionary; (com.) blank (of credit). _Bref —_; pope’s license. =faculté=, _n.f._, faculty, ability, propriety, power, virtue, quality; talent; option; right. _pl._, faculties, means, property. _—s intellectuelles_; mind, intellectual faculties. _Il a la — de parler en public_; he has a talent for public speaking. _Les —s de l’esprit_; the powers of the mind. =fadaise=, _n.f._, trifle, stuff, fiddle-faddle, silliness, silly thing; nonsense, twaddle. _—s que tout cela!_ Tom-foolery! =fadasse=, _adj._, insipid, dull; mawkish, sickening; pale, insignificant. =fade=, _adj._, insipid, unsavory, tasteless, heavy, dull; pointless, tame; flat, stale. =fadement=, _adv._, heavily, dully, spiritlessly, insipidly; mawkishly; tastelessly. =fadeur=, _n.f._, insipidity, insipidness, unsavoriness, tastelessness; silliness; pointlessness; tameness. =fagot=, _n.m._, fagot, bundle; idle story; former convict; ticket of leave. _Ame d’un —_; small sticks of a fagot. _Bois de —_; bavin. _Il y a —s et —s_; there are men and men; _or_ all men _or_ things are not alike. _Sentir le —_; to be suspected of heresy. _Conter des —s_; to tell idle stories. _Prendre un air de —_; to warm one’s self. _Être habillé comme un —_; to be dressed in a slovenly, slatternly, manner. =fagotage=, _n.m._, fagot-making, fagot-wood, chatwood; brushwood. =fagoté=, =-e=, _part._, dressed in a slovenly manner. _Comme le voilà —_; how slovenly dressed he is, _or_ what a fright he looks. =fagoter=, _v.a._, to fagot, to make into fagots; to jumble together; to dress in a slovenly manner, to dress like a fright. _Peut-on — ainsi un enfant?_ how can people make such a fright of a child? _se_ =fagoter=, _v.r._, to dress one’s self in a slovenly manner, to dress like a fright. _Cette femme semble prendre à tâche de se —_; that woman seems to do her best to make a fright of herself. =fagoteur=, _n.m._, fagot-maker; bungler; scribbler. =fagotin=, _n.m._, small fagot; monkey dressed up (in man’s clothes); clown, merry-andrew, sorry-jester (of a quack). =fagoue=, _n.f._, pancreas; sweetbread (of veal). ☉=faguenas= (fag-nā), _n.m._, rank smell. =faible=, _adj._, weak, feeble, faint, deficient; helpless; backward; light (coin.); small (of number); (mus.) thin. _Homme —_; weak man. _— de corps et d’esprit_; weak in body and mind. _Le plus — est toujours écrasé_; the weakest goes to the wall. _Le côté — d’une chose_; the weak side of a thing. =faible=, _n.m._, weak person; weak side, weak part, weakness; backward boy _or_ girl; blind side, foible; failing; partiality. _Avoir du — pour_; to have a partiality for. _Je le tiens par son —_; I have got him by his blind _or_ weak side. =faiblement=, _adv._, weakly, faintly, feebly; slenderly, poorly; helplessly. =faiblesse=, _n.f._, weakness, feebleness, faintness, fainting fit, swoon; slenderness, deficiency, backwardness; thinness, poorness; defect; foible, partiality; lightness (coin.); invalidity. _Avoir de la — pour quelqu’un_; to be partial to any one. _Sentir de la —_; to feel faint. _Tomber en —_; to swoon away, to be seized with a fainting fit. _Il lui a pris une —_; she, he, was seized with a fainting fit. _Avoir de fréquentes —s_; to be subject to fainting fits. _Une femme qui a eu une —_; a woman that has made a slip, a mistake. =faiblir=, _v.n._, to become weak; to abate; to slacken, to flag, to give way, to yield, to relax. =faïence=, _n.f._, crockery; earthenware; crockery-ware; faïence; delft-ware. _— anglaise_; blue, yellow, crockery-ware; earthenware. _— fine_; china. =faïencé=, =-e=, _adj._, cracked. _V._ =fêlé —=, _n.m._, imitation ware. =faïencerie= (fa-ian-srî), _n.f._, crockery-ware factory; earthenware factory; crockery-ware. =faïenci-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, dealer in crockery-ware, crockery-ware man _or_ woman. *=faille=, _n.f._, (geol.) out-throw, excavation; fault, Flemish gros grain silk; female head-dress used in Flanders. *=failli=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, bankrupt; insolvent. *=faillibilité=, _n.f._, liability to err, fallibility. *=faillible=, _adj._, liable to err, fallible. *=faillir=, _v.n._, to err, to miss; to fail; to trespass; to transgress; to mistake, to be mistaken; to be extinct; to be on the point of, to be well nigh; to be near, on the point of; to be a bankrupt. _Il a failli_; he missed his aim. _Les plus doctes sont sujets à —_; the most learned are liable to be mistaken. _Jouer à coup faillant_; to take the place of him who misses. _Le cœur me faut_; I am ready to faint. _J’irai sans —_; I will go without fail. _Il a failli tomber_; he was near falling. _Il s’en faut beaucoup_, _il s’en faut de beaucoup_; very far from it; a long way out. _Peu s’en faut_; very near. _Tant s’en faut_; far from it. _V._ =falloir=. *=faillite=, _n.f._, bankruptcy, failure, insolvency. _Être en —_; to be a bankrupt. _Faire —_; to fail, to become bankrupt. _Actif d’une —_; assets in a bankruptcy. _— frauduleuse_; fraudulent bankruptcy. _Syndicat de —_; commission in bankruptcy. _Déclaration de —_; declaration of insolvency. =faim= (fin), _n.f._, hunger, appetite; (fig.) thirst. _Avoir —_; to be hungry. _Mourir de —_; to be starving, to be dying with hunger. _— canine_; rabid hunger. _Apaiser la — de quelqu’un_; to stay any one’s hunger. _Etourdir la —_; to take the edge off one’s appetite. _Un meurt-de-—_; a starveling. _Faire mourir de —_; to starve out. _Réduire par la —_; to starve out. _Se laisser mourir de —_; to starve one’s self to death. _La — chasse le loup hors du bois_; hunger will break through stone walls. _— insatiable des richesses_; insatiable thirst for riches. =faim-valle=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) (vet.) hungry-evil (in horses). =faîne=, _n.f._, (bot.) beech-mast, beechnut. =fainéant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, sluggard, loiterer, skulker; idle, lazy, slothful, sluggish. =fainéanter=, _v.n._, to be idle, to be indolent, to loaf. =fainéantise=, _n.f._, idleness, laziness, slothfulness, sloth; loafing. =faire= (faisant, fait), _v.a._, to make, to do; to create, to bear, to exert; to construct, to frame; to coin; to counterfeit; to work, to effect, to perform; to celebrate; to hold (festivals); to play (a game); to play off (tricks); to prosecute (studies); to raise (troops); to have (children); (nav.) to make for, to set (sail); to receive, to take in (a supply); to build (nests); to offer up (prayers); to carry on (a trade); to compose (books); to take (a ride, a walk); to follow (profession); to inflict (injuries); to pay (attention); to oblige; to practice, to transact, to commit, to perpetrate; to exercise, to discharge; to fashion, to form, to improve; to use, to accustom, to inure, to train up; to act, to personate, to affect, to set up for, to sham, to counterfeit; to wage; to lay (eggs); to charge for, to sell; to be; to render; to give out, to tell; to cause; to get; to bring; to bid to order. _À —_; to be done. _Avoir beaucoup à —_, _avoir fort à —_; to have a great deal to do. _Donner fort à — à quelqu’un_; to give any one a great deal of trouble. _Cela fera tout aussi bien_; that will do just as well. _Se laisser —_; to offer no resistance, to submit to anything. _N’avoir rien à —_; to have nothing to do. _Faites ce que vous voudrez, c’est le moindre de mes soucis_; do your worst, I care not. _Qu’y —?_ what is to be done? _— des enfants_; to have children. _— et dire sont deux_; saying and doing are different things. _Cet écolier a-t-il fait son thème?_ has that boy done his exercise? _— sa besogne_; to do one’s work. _— tous ses efforts_, _tout son possible_; to do one’s utmost. _À tout —_; fit for everything; of all work. _Bonne à tout —_; maid of all work. _Être à tout —_; to be fit for anything. _— du bien_, _du mal_; to do good, harm. _— une bonne œuvre_; to do a good work. _— la charité_; to give alms, to do good. _— l’aumône_; to give alms. _— un mauvais coup_; to do a bad action. _— une sottise_; to do a foolish thing. _— des bassesses_; to behave meanly. _— son devoir_; to do one’s duty. _— son apprentissage_; to serve one’s apprenticeship. _— un tour de jardin_; to take a turn in the garden. _— le tour du jardin_; to walk round the garden. _— une promenade_; to take a walk. _— une lieue à pied_; to walk a league. _Il fait bien ses affaires_; he is getting on well. _— une chambre_; to clean a room. _— la couverture_; to turn down the bed. _— les foins_; to make hay. _— la moisson_; to get in the harvest. _Que ferez vous de votre fils?_ what will you do with your son? _Il est fait au chaud et au froid_; he is used to heat and cold. _Les affaires font les hommes_; business makes men. _Que faites-vous aujourd’hui?_ what are you going to do to-day? _Je n’ai rien à faire_; I have nothing to do. _Je n’ai que — de lui_; I do not want him. _Je n’ai que — de lui ni de ses visites_; I want neither him nor his visits. _— la revue d’une armée_; to review an army. _— des recrues_; to recruit. _— la médecine_; to practice medicine. _— des armes_; to fence. _— de grandes affaires_; to carry on a large trade. _— la cuisine_; to dress meat, to cook. _— un métier_; to carry on a trade. _Il ne sait pas — son métier_; he does not know his trade. _— le roi_; to personate the king. _— l’amant_; to act the lover. _— le savant_; to set up for a learned man. _Elle ne fait œuvre de ses dix doigts_; she never does a thing. _— le malade_; to sham illness. _— la sourde oreille_; to pretend to be deaf, to turn a deaf ear. _— mine de_, _— semblant de_; to feign, to pretend. _Il faisait semblant de n’en rien savoir_; he pretended to know nothing about it. _Que voulez-vous que j’y fasse?_ what can I do, how can I help it? _Ce petit garçon fait le mutin_; that little boy is refractory. _Cela fait toutes mes délices_; that is my greatest delight. _On le faisait mort_; they made him out to be dead. _Faites-le entrer_; bid him come in, show him in. _Il le fit mettre à mort_; he had him put to death. _Je le lui ai fait avoir_; I have procured it for him. _— bâtir_; to have built. _— aller une machine_; to set a machine going. _— venir_; to send for. _— dire une leçon à quelqu’un_; to hear any one say his lesson. _Cela fait beaucoup_; that makes a great difference. _Cela ne fait rien_; that makes no différence. _— entendre à quelqu’un_; to give any one to understand, to hint to any one. _— voir_; to show. _— connaître_; to make known. _— savoir_; to inform. _Faites-moi savoir de vos nouvelles_; let me hear from you. _— accueil_; to welcome. _— affront_; to insult. _— attention_; to pay attention, to mind, to heed. _— banqueroute_; to go bankrupt. _— bonne chère_; to live well. _— bonne mine à quelque chose_; to put a good face on anything. _— carême_; to keep Lent. _— cas de_; to value, to have a good opinion of. _— peu de cas de_; to make light of. _Ne — cas que de l’argent_; to value nothing but money. _— compassion_; to raise compassion. _— une confidence à quelqu’un_; to intrust a secret to any one. _— conscience_; to scruple. _— don_; to make a donation, a present of. _— envie_; to raise envy, to make envious. _— feu_; to fire. _— front_; to face. _— montre de_; to make a show of. _— de l’eau_; (nav.) to take in fresh water. _— du bois_, _du biscuit_; (nav.) to furnish with wood, with biscuit. _— eau_; (nav.) to make water, to leak. _— force de voiles_; to crowd all sail. _— voile_; (nav.) to make for, to set sail. _Je ne ferai rien de la sorte_; I shall do nothing of the kind. _Je ne puis qu’y —_; I cannot help it. _On ne saurait qu’y —_; it cannot be helped. _Si — se peut_; if possible. _— son chemin_; to get on (in life). _Ne — qu’un_; to be hand and glove together. _— la saint lundi_; to do no work on Mondays. _— des siennes_; to be at one’s old tricks. _N’en — rien_; to do nothing of the sort. _— à sa guise_; to do as one likes. _Pour bien —_; by rights, properly. _se_ =faire=, _v.r._, to be done, to be made; to happen; to take place; to be; to grow; to become; to be used to, to accustom one’s self to; to give one’s self out as; to set up for; to pretend. _Quelle idée vous faites-vous de cet homme-là?_ what is your idea of that man? _Si cela peut se —_; if that can be done. _Je me suis fait au bruit de la rue_; I have got accustomed to the noise of the street. _Se — à la fatigue_; to inure one’s self to fatigue. _Se — à tout_; to accustom one’s self to everything. _Se — médecin_; to become a doctor. _Il se fait plus riche qu’il ne l’est_; he gives himself out for being richer than he is. _Se — des amis_; to make one’s self friends. _Se — aimer_; to make one’s self beloved. _Se — voir_; to show one’s self. _Se — saigner_; to get one’s self bled. _Se — mal_; to hurt one’s self. _Comment cela se fait-il?_ how is that? _Il peut se — que_; it is possible that. _Il pourrait se — que_; it might happen that. _Se — un devoir de_; to make it a duty _or_ a point to. _Il se fait tard_; it is getting late. _Paris ne s’est pas fait en un jour_; Rome was not built in a day. _Se — la main_; to get one’s hand in. _Se — vieux_, _vieille_; to be getting old, to age. _Se — jour_; to force one’s way through. _Se — une tête_; to alter one’s features. _Cela se fait maintenant_; that is the fashion now. _Cela ne se fait pas_; that is not done; that is not the custom. =faire=, _v.n._, to do, to make; to act; to mean, to signify; to look; to deal (at cards); to be; to fit; to arrange, to manage. _— pour quelqu’un_; to supply any one’s place, to act for any one. _— bien_; to do right. _— mal_; to do wrong. _Il n’en veut — qu’à sa tête_; he will only do as he pleases. _C’est à — à vous_; you are well able to do it. _C’est bien à — à vous de_; does it become you to? _C’est à — à moi de lui parler_; it is my business to speak to him. _Il ne fait que sortir et rentrer_; he does nothing but go out and in. _Il ne fait que de sortir_; he has only just gone out. _Qu’est-ce que cela fait là?_ what does that do there? _Qu’est-ce que cela fait?_ what does that matter? _Qu’est-ce que cela vous fait?_ what is that to you? _Cela ne me fait rien_; that is nothing to me. _Ces deux choses font fort bien ensemble_; these two things go very well together. _L’or fait bien avec le vert_; gold looks very well upon green. _Faites qu’il soit content_; see that he is satisfied. _Faites en sorte que je vous voie_; manage so that I may see you; contrive to let me see you. _Rien n’y faisait_; nothing would do. _Il fait chaud_; it is hot. _Il fait froid_; it is cold. _Il fait beau_; it is fine. _Quel temps fait-il?_ what sort of weather is it? _Quel temps il fait!_ what weather, to be sure! _Il fait cher vivre à Londres_; living is dear in London. _Il fait bon ici_; it is comfortable, nice, pleasant here. _À qui à —?_ whose deal is it? _Je viens de —_; I have just dealt. =faire=, _n.m._, doing, making, execution; (fine arts) manner, style; (com.) goods, articles. =faisable=, _adj._, practicable, allowable, feasible. =faisan=, _n.m._, =faisane=, _n.f._, pheasant. _Une poule —e_; a hen-pheasant. _Coq —_; cock-pheasant. _— noir_, _de montagne_; black-cock. =faisances=, _n.f.pl._, dues over and above the rent. _— valoir_; farm cultivation, land under cultivation. =faisandeau=, _n.m._, young pheasant. =faisandé=, =-e=, _part._, gamy, high. =faisander=, _v.a._, to keep game till it is high. _se_ =faisander=, _v.r._, to get gamy, or high. =faisanderie= (-drî), _n.f._, pheasantry. =faisandier=, _n.m._, pheasant-breeder. =faisant=, =-e=, _adj._, acting, doing. _n.m._, doer. =faisceau=, _n.m._, bundle; sheaf (of arrows); (anat.) fasciculus; pile (of arms); (arch.) cluster; (opt.) pencil; (fig.) union, alliance, number. _pl._, (antiq.) fasces. _— d’armes_; pile of arms. _Mettre les armes en —x_; to pile arms. _En —_; in a bundle or bundles; (arch.) clustered. _— de rayons_; (opt.) pencil of rays. =faiseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, maker; (b.s.) swindler; monger, doer. _— de vers_; versifier, poetaster. _— de systèmes_; system-monger. _Mangez de ce pâté, c’est d’un bon —_; try a piece of this pie, it is made by a first-rate hand. _Les grands diseurs ne sont pas les —s_; great talkers are little doers. _— d’affaires_; promoter, jobber. _— de tours_; mountebank. _— d’embarras_; fussy person. =fait=, _n.m._, fact, act, deed, doing; case; matter, business; event, occurrence; point, point in question; what suits; share. _C’est un — bien constaté_; it is a well-known fact. _Par le — seul_; by the mere fact. _Par le seul —_; by the simple fact, ipso facto. _Prendre quelqu’un sur le —_; to catch any one in the very act. _Prendre — et cause pour quelqu’un_; to take any one’s part, to side with any one. _Voies de —_; violence, assault. _Pour venir au —_; to come to the point. _Au —_; in fact, in point of fact. _Être au — de_; to be acquainted with; to be aware of. _Il est au — de cette affaire_; he is well acquainted with that affair. _C’est un — à part_; that is another matter. _De —_; indeed, certainly. _Il est de — que_; it is a fact that, _or_ it is notorious that. _Les hauts —s d’un guerrier_; the exploits of a warrior. _Voilà mon —_; that is just what I want. _Mettre en —_; to lay down as a fact. _Être sûr de son —_; to be sure of anything, to be sure of what one states. _C’est votre —_; that just suits you. _Dire à quelqu’un son —_; to tell any one what you think of him. _Au — et au prendre_; at a scratch or pinch, when it comes to the scratch. _—s et dits_; doings and sayings. _En venir au — et au prendre_; to come to the scratch. _Se mettre au — de_; to acquaint one’s self with. _Trouver le — de quelqu’un_; to find what any one wants. _Donner son — à quelqu’un_; to pay any one out. _Mettre quelqu’un au —_; to acquaint any one with the point in question. _Tout à —_; entirely, completely, quite. _Si —_; yes, yes indeed, _or_ yes, though. _Vous n’y êtes pas allé. Si —_; you did not go there. Yes, I did; yes, indeed I did. _— à part_; exceptional case. =fait=, =-e=, _part._, made, done, shaped; organized; fit, qualified; calculated, intended, settled, ended, over; accustomed to, grown, full grown, grown up. _Ce qui est —, est —_; what is done, cannot be undone. _Un homme —_; a grown-up man. _De compte —_; upon computation. _Comme le voilà —!_ how ill he looks! _Tenez cela pour —_; consider it done. _Cela vaut —_; that is as good as done. _C’est — de lui_; he is undone. _C’en est — de_; it is all over _or_ up with. _Ce qui est — n’est pas à faire_; what is done is done. _Aussitôt dit, aussitôt —_; no sooner said than done. _Tout —_; ready made, cut and dry. _C’est bien —_; it serves him, her, you, them, right. _Est-ce —?_ have you done? is it done? _C’est un grand pas de —_; it is a great step forward. _C’est comme un — exprès_; it seems done on purpose. _Cela est — pour moi_, _cela semble — pour moi_; _cela n’est — que pour moi_; such things happen to me alone, such is my luck. _Travailler à prix —_; to work by the piece. =faîtage=, _n.m._, ridge-piece; roofing. =faîte=, _n.m._, top, summit, pinnacle; zenith; height; ridge, coping (of building). _Le — des grandeurs_; the pinnacle of greatness. _— de cheminée_; chimney-top. =fait exprès=, _n.m._, thing done on purpose _or_ intentionally. =faîtière= (-tièr), _adj._, of the ridge. _Tuile —_; ridge-tile, pantile. _Lucarnes —s_; sky-lights. =faîtière=, _n.f._, ridge-tile, pantile. =faix= (fê), _n.m._, weight, burden, load. _Plier sous le —_; to sink under the weight _or_ burden. =fakir=, _n.m._, fakir (Mahommedan friar). =falaise=, _n.f._, cliff. _Les blanches —s d’Albion_; the white cliffs of England. =falaiser=, _v.n._, to dash against the cliffs (of waves). =falbala=, _n.m._, furbelow, flounce; finery. =falcade=, _n.f._, (man.) falcade. =falciforme=, _adj._, (bot.) falcate, falcated. =fale=, _n.f._, crop (of a bird). =fallacieusement= (fal-la-sieuz-mān), _adv._, fallaciously, falsely. =fallacieu-x=, =-se= (fal-la-), _adj._, fallacious, false. =falloir=, _v.imp._, must, should, ought; to be necessary, requisite; to be obliged; to need, to stand in need of, to want. _Ce qu’il faut_; what is wanted or necessary. _Il faut le faire_; it must be done. _Il faut que je fasse cela_; I must do that. _Il faut que j’y aille_; I must go there. _Il fallait venir plus tôt_; you ought to have come sooner. _Il faudra le satisfaire_; you will have to satisfy him. _Il aurait fallu s’y prendre ainsi_; you should have gone to work in this way. _Faut-il le demander?_ need you ask? _Il fallait voir comme il était content_; you should have seen how pleased he was. _Je ne sais ce qu’il lui faut_; I do not know what he wants. _Il me le faut_; I must have it. _Il me faut de l’argent_; I must have some money. _J’en ai plus qu’il ne m’en faut_; I have more than I want. _Combien vous en faut-il?_ how much do you want? _Que lui faut-il pour sa peine?_ how much must he have for his trouble? _Faites cela comme il faut_; do that properly, well. _Il fait ce qu’il faut_; he does what is requisite. _Des gens comme il faut_; well-bred people. _Un homme comme il faut_; a gentlemanly man. _C’est l’homme qu’il faut_; he is the very man for the place _or_ for the work. _Il se vante de ne pas me craindre, il faudra voir!_ he boasts that he does not fear me, but wait a bit! _Il me menace d’un procès, c’est ce qu’il faudra voir!_ he threatens me with an action, but we shall see about it! _s’en_ =falloir=, _v.r._, to be wanting; to be far; to fall short; to be near, to be on the point. _Il s’en fallut de peu que je ne fusse écrasé_; I was near being run over. _Peu s’en est fallu que je ne mourusse_; I was near dying _or_ within an ace of dying. _Il s’en faut de beaucoup que la somme y soit_; the sum is far from being complete. _Il s’en faut de beaucoup que l’un ait autant de mérite que l’autre_; the one is far from possessing as much merit as the other. _Il s’en faut de beaucoup_; very far from it. _Vous croyez m’avoir tout payé; mais il s’en faut de beaucoup_; you imagine you have squared with me; but you are a long way out. _Il s’en faut de peu qu’il ne soit aussi grand que son frère_; he is nearly as tall as his brother. _Tant s’en faut que_; so far from, far from it. _Tant s’en faut qu’il consente qu’au contraire il fera tout pour l’empêcher_; he is so far from consenting that he will, on the contrary, do all he can to prevent it. _Tant s’en faut qu’au contraire_; (fam., jest.) on the contrary, quite the reverse. [When _s’en falloir_ is preceded by a negative, or accompanied by a word having a negative sense, as _peu_, _guère_, _presque_, _rien_, or if the phrase implies doubt, or has an interrogative meaning, the dependent clause is accompanied by the negation _ne_; but when _s’en falloir_ is neither preceded by a negative, nor accompanied by any of the above words, the dependent clause does not take the negative particle.] =falot=, _n.m._, lantern, torch; fire-pot, cresset. =falot=, =-e=, _adj._, comical, droll, laughable, funny, queer. =falotement=, _adv._, comically, amusingly, ludicrously, grotesquely. =falourde=, _n.f._, bundle of fire-wood; (orni.) sea-swallow. =falquer=, _v.n._, (man.) to make falcades. =falques=, _n.f.pl._, (man.) falcade; (nav.) wash-board; weather-board. =falsifiable=, _adj._, falsifiable; adulterable. =falsificateur=, _n.m._, falsifier; debaser. =falsification=, _n.f._, falsification, adulteration, debasement. =falsifié=, =-e=, _adj._, adulterated, falsified. =falsifier=, _v.a._, to falsify, to alter (texts); to adulterate, to debase. _— les métaux_; to adulterate metals. _— de la monnaie_; to debase coin. =falun=, _n.m._, falun, shell-marl. =faluner=, _v.a._, to manure with shell-marl. =falunière=, _n.f._, falun pit, shell-marl pit. =famé=, =-e=, _adj._, famed. _Bien —_; of good repute. _Homme mal —_; man of ill-repute. =famélique=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, starveling; starving, famishing. _Auteur —_; starving author. _Il a bien l’air d’un —_; he looks like a poor starving wretch. =fameu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, famous, famed, celebrated, renowned, notorious, first-rate, capital; (iron.) precious. _— imbécile_; precious fool. _— voleur_; notorious thief. =familiariser=, _v.a._, to accustom to, to familiarize. _se_ =familiariser= (avec), _v.r._, to familiarize one’s self with; to make one’s self familiar with, to grow familiar; to accustom one’s self to; to grow tame. =familiarité=, _n.f._, familiarity, familiar terms; intimacy. _pl._, liberties. _Vivre sur le pied de la plus grande —_; to be on the most familiar terms. =famili-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, familiar, free, intimate, unconstrained, homely; tame. =famili-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, familiar. _C’est un des —s du prince_; he is one of the prince’s favorite companions. =familièrement= (-mān), _adv._, familiarly. *=famille=, _n.f._, family, kindred, kin; race, tribe, parentage. _Être chargé de —_; to have a large family. _Il a un air de —_; there is a family likeness about him. _Affaires de —_; domestic concerns. _Chef de —_; head of a family. _En —_; at home. _Fils de —_; gentleman’s son. =famine=, _n.f._, famine, dearth. _Crier — sur un tas de blé_; to plead poverty though rolling in riches. _Prendre par la —_; to starve out, to reduce by famine. =fanage=, _n.m._, (agri.) tossing, tedding of hay; haymaker’s pay; leaves of a plant. =fanaison=, _n.f._ _V._ =fenaison=. =fanal=, _n.m._, lantern of a ship; signal-light, watch-light, beacon. =fanariote=, _n.m.f._ _V._ =phanariote=. =fanatique=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, fanatic, bigot, enthusiast; fanatical, bigoted. =fanatiser=, _v.a._, to fanaticize. =fanatisme=, _n.m._, fanaticism, bigotry. =fanchon=, _n.m._, kerchief (for the head). =fandango=, _n.m._, fandango (Spanish dance). =fane=, _n.f._, leaf-top; envelope (of a flower). _—s_, _pl._, fallen leaves; dead leaves. =fané=, =-e=, _adj._, faded, withered. =faner=, _v.a._, to toss, to ted hay; to make fade, to tarnish. _se_ =faner=, _v.r._, to fade, to fade away, to droop, to wither, to tarnish. _Cette femme commence à se —_; that woman begins to fall off. =faneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, haymaker. =faneuse=, _n.f._, hay-making machine. =fanfan=, _n.m.f._, darling, duck, ducky (child). =fanfare=, _n.f._, flourish, flourish of trumpets, brass-band. _Sonner une —_; to strike up a flourish. =fanfaron=, _adj.m._, blustering, swaggering, bragging, boasting. =fanfaron=, _n.m._, blusterer; swaggerer; boaster, braggart. _Faire le —_; to play the braggart. =fanfaronnade=, _n.f._, blustering, bragging, boasting. =fanfaronnerie= (-ro-n-rî), _n.f._, blustering, swaggering, bragging, boasting. =fanfreluche=, _n.f._, bauble, gewgaw, tinsel. =fange=, _n.f._, mire, mud, dirt; vileness; degradation; debasement. =fangeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, miry, muddy, dirty. =fanion=, _n.m._, (milit.). _V._ =fanon=. =fanon=, _n.m._, dewlap (of oxen); fetlock (of horses); fin (of whales); (c.rel.) pendant (of a bishop’s miter); (milit.) pennon. =fanons=, _n.m.pl._, (surg.) bandages. =fantaisie=, _n.f._, imagination; fancy; whim, caprice, crotchet, odd fancy; conceit; liking; (mus.) fantasia. _Il a eu la — d’aller voyager_; he has taken it into his head to travel. _Vivre à sa —_; to live as one likes. _Cela est-il à votre —?_ is that to your liking? _Il lui prit — d’aller le voir_; she suddenly made up her mind to pay him a visit. _Par —_; out of pure whim. _Objets de —_; fancy articles. _Avoir une —_; to fancy. _Avoir des —s_; to be fanciful. =fantaisiste=, _n.m.f._, whimsical painter _or_ writer; humorist. =fantasmagorie=, _n.f._, phantasmagoria, dissolving view. =fantasmagorique=, _adj._, phantasmagorical. =fantasmagoriquement=, _adv._, phantasmagorically. =fantasque=, _adj._, fantastic, fantastical, fanciful, whimsical, queer; strange, odd. =fantasquement=, _adv._, (l.u.) fantastically, fancifully, whimsically, oddly. =fantassin=, _n.m._, foot-soldier. =fantastique=, _adj._, fantastic, fantastical, fanciful, chimerical. =fantastiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, fantastically. =fantoccini= (fān-tot-shee-nee), _n.m.pl._, fantoccini (puppets). =fantoche=, _n.m._, puppet. _adj._, odd, queer. =fantôme=, _n.m._, phantom, specter, ghost. =fanum= (fa-nom), _n.m._, (_—_) (antiq.) fane. =faon= (fān), _n.m._, doe, fawn. =faonner= (fa-né), _v.n._, to fawn (as a deer). =faquin=, _n.m._, scoundrel, mean rascal, puppy. =faquinerie= (fa-ki-n-rî), _n.f._, rascally action, rascally meanness; scoundrelism. =faquir=, _n.m._ _V._ =fakir=. =farandole=, _n.f._, farandole (Provençal dance). =faraud=, _n.m._, a vulgar fop; snob, swell. =farce=, _n.f._, (cook.) stuffing, forced meat; farce (thea.); drollery; tomfoolery; practical joke; waggish trick, prank. _Tirez le rideau, la — est jouée_; let down the curtain, the farce is ended. _Faire une — à quelqu’un_; to play any one a trick. _Faire ses —s_; to sow one’s wild oats. =farceur=, _n.m._, farce player; droll person; dog (pers.), rogue, practical joker; humbug. _Faire le —_; to play the fool. =farci=, =-e=, _adj._, _part._, stuffed; crammed, filled with. =farcin=, _n.m._, (vet.) farcin, farcy. =farcineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, affected with farcy. =farcir=, _v.a._, to stuff, to cram, to fill. _se_ =farcir=, _v.r._, to stuff, to cram, to be filled. =farcissure=, _n.f._, (cook.) stuffing. =fard=, _n.m._, paint, rouge; varnish; disguise, dissimulation. _Parlez-moi sans —_; speak to me without disguise. _Se mettre du — à la figure_; to paint, to rouge one’s face. _Sans —_; plainly, frankly. =fardage=, _n.m._, (nav.) dunnage. =fardé=, =-e=, _part._, painted. =fardeau=, _n.m._, burden, load, weight; mash (for brewing); mass (mining). _Imposer un — à quelqu’un_; to put a burden upon any one. _S’imposer un —_; to take a burden upon one’s self. =farder=, _v.a._, to paint (the face); (fig.) to varnish, to gloss over. _se_ =farder=, _v.r._, to paint one’s face, to paint. =farder=, _v.n._, to sink, to give way; (nav.) to swell out (of sails). _Ce mur commence à —_; this wall is beginning to sink. =fardier=, _n.m._, truck, trolley; dray (for stones). =farfadet=, _n.m._, goblin, elf; (fig.) trifler. *=farfouiller=, _v.a._ and _n._, to rummage. =faribole=, _n.f._, idle story, trifle. =farinacé=, =-e=, _adj._, farinaceous. =farine=, _n.f._, flour, meal; farina. _Fleur de —_; flour. _Folle —_; mill-dust. _Marchand de —_; flour-dealer. _Gens de même —_; birds of a feather. _Donner dans la —_; (paint.) to paint in a wishy-washy manner. _D’un sac à charbon il ne saurait sortir de blanche —_; (prov.) what can you expect from a pig but a grunt? _or_ you can’t make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear. =fariner=, _v.a._, to flour, to meal. =farinet=, _n.m._, one-faced die. =farineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, white with flour; mealy, farinaceous. =farinier=, _n.m._, flour-dealer. =farinière=, _n.f._, meal-tub, flour-bin. =farlouse=, _n.f._, (orni.) titlark, titling. =far-niente=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) far-niente, doing nothing, pleasant idleness, repose. =faro=, _n.m._, faro (Belgian beer). =farouch= _or_ =farouche=, _n.m._, (agri.) clover, clover grass. =farouche=, _adj._, wild; fierce; sullen; unsociable; shy. _Regard —_; fierce look. _Cette femme est bien —_; that woman is very shy. =farrago=, _n.m._, farrago. =fasce=, _n.f._, (her.) fesse. =fascé=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) fessy. =fascia=, _n.m._, (anat.) fascia. =fasciculaire=, _adj._, (bot.) fascicular. =fascicule=, _n.m._, (bot.) fascicle, small bundle (of plants, herbs); part (number of a work). =fasciculé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) fasciculate, fasciculated. =fascié=, =-e=, _adj._, fasciated. =fascinage=, _n.m._, (fort.) fascine work; the making of fascines. =fascinat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, fascinating. =fascination=, _n.f._, fascination. =fascine=, _n.f._, (fort.) fascine; fagot, hurdle, bavin. =fasciner=, _v.a._, to fascinate. =faséole=, _n.f._, phasel, kidney-bean. =fashion=, _n.f._, fashion; fashionable world. =fashionable=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, fashionable; beau, belle; swell. =fasier=, _v.n._, (nav.) (of sails) to shiver. _Mettre à —_; (nav.) to spill. =faste=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) pomp, ostentation, display, vain show, pageantry. =fastes=, _n.m.pl._, fasti, annals; records. =fastidieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, tediously, irksomely. =fastidieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, irksome, tedious, wearisome, tiresome, dull. =fastigié=, =-e=, _adj._, fastigiate, fastigiated. =fastueusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, magnificently, ostentatiously, pompously, splendidly, gorgeously. =fastueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, ostentatious, pompous, gorgeous, showy; sumptuous; stately. =fat= (fat), _n._ and _adj._ _m._, fop, coxcomb; foppish. _En —_; foppishly. _C’est un —_; he is a coxcomb. =fatal=, =-e=, _adj._, fatal; inevitable. _Terme —_; (jur.) expiration of a delay. _Ces remèdes ont été —s au malade_; those remedies proved fatal to the patient. =fatalement= (fa-tal-mān), _adv._, fatally; inevitably. =fatalisme=, _n.m._, fatalism. =fataliste=, _n.m.f._, fatalist. =fatalité=, _n.f._, fatality. =fatidique=, _adj._, fatidical. =fatigant=, =-e=, _adj._, fatiguing, toilsome, irksome, wearisome, tiresome, tedious. =fatigue=, _n.f._, fatigue, toil, hardship, weariness. _Excéder de —_; to wear out with fatigue, to tire out. _Un homme de —_; a man capable of resisting fatigue. _Supporter la —_; to stand fatigue. _Rompre à la —_; to accustom to fatigue. _Tomber de —_; to be worn out with fatigue. =fatigué=, =-e=, _part._, fatigued, jaded; (paint.) overworked. _Des chevaux —s_; jaded horses. =fatiguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to fatigue, to tire, to weary, to harass, to tease; (paint.) to overwork. _La lecture fatigue la vue_; reading fatigues the sight. _— un champ_; to impoverish a field. _— une salade_; to mix a salad. _se_ =fatiguer=, _v.r._, to fatigue one’s self; to tire one’s self out; to be jaded; to tire. =fatiguer=, _v.n._, to tire; to be fatiguing; (nav.) to work. _— à l’ancre_; (nav.) to ride hard. _Ne pas — à l’ancre_; (nav.) to ride easy. _Ne pas — à cheval_; (man.) to ride easy. =fatras=, _n.m._, rubbish, trash, stuff, medley, litter, confusion; balderdash. =fatrassier=, _n.m._, untidy person. =fatuité=, _n.f._, fatuity, self-conceit, foppishness. _Quelle —!_ what a piece of impertinence! =faubert=, _n.m._, (nav.) swab, mop. =fauberter=, _v.a._, (nav.) to swab, to mop. =fauberteur=, _n.m._, (nav.) swabber. =faubourg= (fô-boor), _n.m._, outskirt, suburb, slums. _Le — Saint-Germain ne l’entendait pas ainsi_; the old French aristocracy did not see it in that light. =faubourien=, =-ne= (-iin, -è-n), _adj._, suburban; low. =faubourien=, _n.m._, dweller in a suburb. =fauchage=, _n.m._, mowing. =fauchaison=, _n.f._, mowing-time. =fauchard=, _n.m._, sickle. =fauche=, _n.f._, mowing; mowing-time. =fauchée=, _n.f._, day’s mowing. =faucher=, _v.a._, to reap, to mow, to cut down. =faucher=, _v.n._, (man.) to throw the fore-legs sideways in walking (of a horse). =fauchet=, _n.m._, hay-rake. =fauchette=, _n.f._, (gard.) small hedge-knife, border-shears. =faucheur=, _n.m._, mower, reaper; field-spider. =faucheur= _or_ =faucheux=, _n.m._, field-spider. *=faucille=, _n.f._, sickle, reaping-hook. =faucillon=, _n.m._, bill-hook. =faucon=, _n.m._, (orni.) falcon; hawk. =fauconneau=, _n.m._, ☉(artil.) falconet; (orni.) young hawk. =fauconnerie= (fô-co-n-rî), _n.f._, falconry, hawking. =fauconnier=, _n.m._, falconer. _Monter à cheval en —_; to mount a horse on the off-side. =fauconnière=, _n.f._, hawking-pouch, saddle-bag. =faufiler=, _v.a._, to tack, to baste (needlework). _se_ =faufiler=, _v.r._, to insinuate one’s self, to ingratiate one’s self; to intrude one’s self; to curry favor with. _Il se faufile partout_; he intrudes himself everywhere. =faulx=, _n.f._ _V._ =faux=. =faune=, _n.m._, (myth.) faun. =faune=, _n.f._, (zoöl.) fauna. =faussaire=, _n.m.f._, forger. _Poursuivre comme —_; to prosecute for forgery. =faussement= (fôs-mān), _adv._, falsely, erroneously, wrongfully, untruly. =fausser=, _v.a._, to bend; to warp; to strain; to falsify; to pervert; to violate, to break; (mus.) to put out of tune; to strain (a lock, a key). _— une cuirasse_; to indent a cuirass. _— sa parole_; to violate one’s word. _— compagnie à quelqu’un_; to give any one the slip. _se_ =fausser=, _v.r._, to bend; to be warped _or_ perverted. =fausset=, _n.m._, spigot, peg; (mus.) falsetto. _Chanter en —_; to sing in falsetto. _Trou de —_; vent-hole. =fausseté= (fôs-té), _n.f._, falsity, falseness, falsehood, duplicity, insincerity, deceitfulness, treachery. =faute=, _n.f._, fault, mistake, error; want, scarcity, dearth. _A — de_; (jur.) in default of. _Faire une —_; to make a mistake. _Ne pas se faire — de_; not to be sparing of; to deny one’s self nothing. _Relever une —_; to point out a mistake. _Surprendre quelqu’un en —_; to find any one at fault. _À qui la —?_ whose fault is it? _— de_; for want of. _— d’orthographe_; wrong spelling. _— d’inattention_; slip. _— d’impression_; misprint. _Ne vous en faites pas —_; do not spare it. _Il est mort — de secours_; he died for want of help. _Sans —_; without fail. _— de mieux_; for want of something better. _Rien ne vous fera —_; you will want for nothing. *=fauteuil=, _n.m._, arm-chair; chair (speaker’s, president’s seat); academic chair (of the French Academy). _— à la Voltaire_; reclining arm-chair. _Occuper le —_; to fill the chair. =faut-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, abettor, favorer, fomentor. _Être — de_; to abet. _Les —s d’un crime_; the abettors of a crime. =fauti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, faulty; at fault; defective, incorrect. =fauve=, _adj._, fawn-colored, tawny. _Bêtes —s_; fallow-deer, stag, etc.; wild beasts. =fauve=, _n.m.sing._, (hunt.) deer, fallow-deer. _Chasser le —_; to hunt wild animals. =fauveau=, _n.m._, fawn-colored ox. =fauvette=, _n.f._, (orni.) warbler. _Petite —_; garden-warbler, redwing. _— babillarde_; white-throat. _— à tête noire_; blackcap. =faux= (fô), _n.f._, scythe; (anat.) falx. =fau-x=, =-sse=, _adj._, false, untrue, erroneous, wrong; spurious; unsound; base, counterfeit; artificial, imitation; fictitious, mock, sham, pretended; insincere, double, treacherous, deceitful; (mus.) out of tune; forged. _Acte —_; (jur.) forgery. _— témoin_; false witness. _Chose —sse_; untruth. _—sse doctrine_; erroneous doctrine. _—sse monnaie_; counterfeit money. _— brave_; braggadocio, swaggerer. _—sse démarche_; wrong step. _Voix —sse_; voice out of tune. _— brillant_; tinsel. _—sse équerre_; bevel. _—sse fenêtre_; blank or sham window. _— comme un jeton_; false as Judas. _Faire — bond_; not to keep an engagement. _Faire —sse route_; to take the wrong road; to be on the wrong track. _Faire un — pas_; to stumble; (fig.) to make a slip. =faux=, _n.m._, falsehood, forgery; false. _Discerner le vrai d’avec le —_; to discern truth from falsehood. _Crime de —_; crime of forgery. _Un —_; a forgery. _Commettre un —_; to commit a forgery. _Poursuivre pour —_; to prosecute for forgery. _Arguer de —_; to accuse, to tax, as false. _S’inscrire en — contre une chose_; to deny the truth of an assertion. =faux=, _adv._, erroneously, falsely, wrongfully; (mus.) out of tune. _Il chante —_; he sings out of tune. _À —_; falsely, unjustly. _Être accusé à —_; to be accused unjustly. _Porter à —_; (arch.) to be out of perpendicular, not to be upright. _Cette poutre porte à —_; that post is out of the perpendicular. =faux-fuyant=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) by-place; subterfuge, evasion, creep-hole. =favelotte=, _n.f._, horse-bean. =faveur=, _n.f._, favor, boon; interest; vogue; grace; ribbon. _À la — de_; by favor of, under cover of. _En — de_; in behalf of, in favor of. _Être en —_; to be in favor, in vogue. _Prendre —_; to get _or_ come into favor, into vogue. _Mettre en —_; to bring into favor, into vogue. =favonette=, _n.f._, everlasting pea. =favorable=, _adj._, favorable, propitious; fair. _Le ciel vous soit —!_ heaven befriend you! =favorablement=, _adv._, favorably, propitiously. =favori=, =-te=, _n._ and _adj._, favorite. =favori=, _n.m._, whisker. =favoriser=, _v.a._, to favor, to befriend, to countenance; to aid, to assist; to endow; to protect; to promote, to further, to facilitate. =favoritisme=, _n.m._, favoritism. =fayard= (fa-iar), _n.m._, (bot.) (pop.) beech. =fayence=, etc. _V._ =faïence=, etc. ☉=féage=, _n.m._, feoffment. ☉=féal=, =-e=, _adj._, trusty, faithful. ☉=féal=, _n.m._, trusty, faithful friend. _À nos amis et féaux_; to our trusty and well-beloved friends. ☉=féauté=, _n.f._, fealty. =fébricitant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, (med.) feverish; fever-patient. =fébrifuge=, _n.m._ and _adj._, antifebrile. =fébrile=, _adj._, febrile, feverish. =fécal=, =-e=, _adj._, fecal. _Matière —_; feces, excrement. =fèces=, _n.f.pl._, (pharm.) sediment; (med.) feces. =fécial=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (Rom. antiq.) fecial. =fécond=, =-e=, _adj._, fecund, fruitful, prolific; copious, abundant, fertile, rich, teeming, voluminous. _Mine —e_; rich mine. _Avoir l’esprit —_; to have a fertile imagination. _Être — en_; to teem with. =fécondant=, =-e=, _adj._, fertilizing, genial. =fécondation=, _n.f._, fecundation, impregnation; fructification; fertilization. =féconder=, _v.a._, to fecundate, to impregnate; to make fruitful, to fertilize. =fécondité=, _n.f._, fecundity, fruitfulness, fertility. =fécule=, _n.f._, fecula. =féculence=, _n.f._, feculency. =féculent=, =-e=, _adj._, feculent. =féculerie=, _n.f._, manufactory of fecula. =fédéral=, =-e=, _adj._, federal. =fédéraliser=, _v.a._, (neologism) to make federate. _Se —_, _v.r._, to federalize. =fédéralisme=, _n.m._, federalism. =fédéraliste=, _n.m._, federalist. =fédérati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, federate, federative. _Alliance —ve_; federative alliance. =fédération=, _n.f._, federation, alliance. =fédéré=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, federate, ally. _se_ =fédérer=, _v.r._, to federate; to combine; to band together; to take united action. =fée=, _n.f._, fairy; fay. _Comme une —_; fairy-like. _C’est la — Carabosse_; she’s an old hag. =féerie=, _n.f._, fairy scene, enchantment; fairy-land. =féerique=, _adj._, fairy-like; enchanting, wonderful, marvelous, magical. =feindre= (feignant, feint), _v.a._, to feign, to dissemble, to disguise, to pretend, to imagine, to sham. _— une maladie_; to sham illness. =feindre=, _v.n._, to feign, to sham. _Il possède l’art de —_; he is an adept in the art of dissembling. =feint=, =-e=, _part._, feigned, make-believe, pretended, sham. _Amitié —e_; pretended friendship. =feinte=, _n.f._, feint; pretense, dissimulation; artifice; invention; (mus.) accidental; (print.) friar; (pisc.) shad. _User de —_; to dissemble. _Il fit une —_; (fenc.) he made a feint. _Sans —_; frankly. =feintier=, _n.m._, shad-net. ☉=feintise=, _n.f._, feint, pretense, sham. =feld-maréchal=, _n.m._, field-marshal. =feldspath=, _n.m._, (min.) feldspar, feldspath. =feldspathique=, _adj._, (min.) feldspathic. =fêlé=, =-e=, _part._, cracked (of glass); (pers.) crack-brained; delicate (of the chest). _C’est un cerveau —_; he is a hare-brained fellow. _Les pots —s sont ceux qui durent le plus_; threatened men live longest. =fêler=, _v.a._, to crack (glass). _se_ =fêler=, _v.r._, to crack _or_ get cracked (of glass). =félicitation=, _n.f._, felicitation, congratulation. _Lettre de —_; letter of congratulation. =félicité=, _n.f._, felicity, bliss, happiness. =féliciter=, _v.a._, to congratulate, to felicitate, to wish joy. _se_ =féliciter=, _v.r._, to congratulate one’s self, to be pleased _or_ satisfied. =félin=, =-e=, _adj._, feline. =fellah=, _n.m._, (_—s_) fellah (Egyptian peasant). =félon=, =-ne=, _n._ and _adj._, (l.u.) traitor; felon; felonious. =félonie=, _n.f._, (feudalism) felony, disloyalty, treason. =felouque=, _n.f._, (nav.) felucca (boat). =fêlure=, _n.f._, crack, chink, fissure. =femelle=, _n.f._ and _adj._, female; she, hen. [Applied _only_ to animals except in a bad sense.] (pers.) loose woman, creature. =féminin=, =-e=, _adj._, feminine, female, womanish, woman-like, effeminate. _Genre —_; feminine gender. _Sexe —e_; female sex. =féminin=, _n.m._, (gram.) feminine. =féminiser=, _v.a._, (gram.) to make feminine, to render effeminate. =femme= (famme), _n.f._, woman; wife, married woman, attendant; lady. _Une — auteur_; an authoress. _Mari et —_; man and wife. _Une — sage_; a well-conducted woman. _Une sage-—_; a midwife. _— de chambre_; waiting-woman, lady’s maid. _— de charge_; housekeeper. _— de journée_, _— de ménage_; char-woman. _— en puissance de mari_ or _— couverte_; (jur.) feme-covert. _Avoir —_; to have a wife. _Avoir — et enfants_; to have a wife and children. _Prendre —_; to take a wife. _Bonne —_; good, obliging woman; old woman; simple, superstitious woman. =femmelette= (fa-mlèt), _n.f._, silly, weak woman; effeminate man. =fémoral=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) femoral. =fémur=, _n.m._, (anat.) femur, thigh-bone; (vet.) hurl-bone. _Tête du —_; head _or_ apophysis of the femur. =fenaison=, _n.f._, hay-time, hay-harvest; hay-making. =fendage=, _n.m._, splitting, cleaving. =fendant=, _n.m._, hector, bully. _Faire le —_; to play the bully. =fenderie= (fan-drî), _n.f._, slitting (of iron into rods); slitting-mill. =fendeur=, _n.m._, cleaver, slitter, splitter. _— de roues_; wheel-cutter. *_se_ fendiller, _v.r._, to slit; to chink; to crack. =fendoir=, _n.m._, cleaver; chopper. =fendre=, _v.a._, to cleave, to split, to rive, to crack, to cut open, to rend, to rip; to break; to burst. _— du bois_; to cleave wood. _Un navire qui fend l’eau_; a ship that plows the sea. _— les airs_; to cleave the air. _— la presse_; to break through the crowd. _se_ =fendre=, _v.r._, to cleave, to burst asunder, to split, to slit; to chap, to chink, to rive, to gape; (fenc.) to lunge. =fendre=, _v.n._, to be ready to split; to break, to burst. _La tête me fend_; my head is ready to split. =fendu=, =-e=, _part._, cleft, split, cloven. _Bien —_; long-legged. _Des yeux bien —s_; large, well-shaped eyes. =fêne=, _n.f._ _V._ =faîne=. =fenestré=, =-e=, _adj._ _V._ =fenêtré=. =fenêtrage=, _n.m._, fenestration, windows, lights. =fenêtre=, _n.f._, window, casement; (anat.) aperture. _— à châssis_; sash-window. _— en baie_, _en saillie_; bay, bow, window; (Gothic arch.) oriel-window, oriel. _— à coulisse_, _en guillotine_; sash-window. _— en éventail_; fan-light. _— en ogive_; (arch.) Gothic window. _Condamner une —_; to block up a window. _Fausse —_; sham _or_ blind window. _Regarder par la —_; to look out of the window. _Jeter par la —_; to throw out of the window, to be a spendthrift, to squander one’s money. =fenêtré=, =-e=, _adj._, windowed; fenestrated. *=fenil=, _n.m._, hayloft. *=fenouil=, _n.m._, fennel; fennel-seed. _— puant_; anet. _— de mer_; sea-samphire. _— de porc_; sulphur-wort, hog’s-fennel. *=fenouillet=, _n.m._, (bot.) fennel-apple. *=fenouillette=, _n.f._, fennel-apple; fennel-water. =fente=, _n.f._, slit, chink, cleft, chap, flaw; gap, cranny, crevice; (min.) rent; cleavage; (nav.) spring; (dress) placket hole. =fenton=, _n.m._, iron-cramp, iron-tie. =fenugrec=, _n.m._, (bot.) fenugreek. =féodal=, =-e=, _adj._, feudal. =féodalement=, _adv._, feudally. =féodalité=, _n.f._, feudality, feudalism. =fer= (fèr), _n.m._, iron; head, point; sword, brand, steel; tag; (nav.) spindle (of vanes). _pl._, iron-work; irons, chains, fetters. _— battu_; wrought-iron. _— fondu_; cast-iron. _— impur_; iron-ore. _— doux_; soft iron. _— aigre_; brittle iron. _— laminé_; rolled iron. _— oligiste_, _spéculaire_; (min.) iron-glance. _— rouverin_; red-scar iron. _— de carillon_; bar-iron. _Le — d’une pique_; the head of a pike. _— de lacet_, _— d’aiguillette_; tag of a lace. _Le — et le feu_; fire and sword. _— en barres_; bar-iron. _— à cheval_; horse-shoe; (fort.) horse-shoe; (man.) horse-shoe bat. _— à marquer_; marking-iron. _— dur_; hard iron. _— à cheval cramponné_, _— à cheval relevé_; horse-shoe with calkins. _— de fenderie_; slit iron. _— de fonte_; cast iron. _— à glace_; frost shoe. _— de lance_; (arch.) stanchion. _— à repasser_; iron, box-iron, flat-iron. _— à souder_; soldering-iron. _Bande_, _pièce_, _de —_; (tech.) strap. _Bois de —_; iron-wood. _Fil de —_; wire, iron-wire. _Fonte de —_; cast iron. _Limaille de —_; iron dust, iron filings. _Marchand de —_; dealer in iron, ironmonger. _Mine de —_; (min.) iron-ore. _Minerai de —_; iron-ore; iron-stone. _Ouvrage en —_; iron-work. _Scorie de —_; iron-dross. _Usine de —_; iron-works. _À tête de —_; strong-headed, resolute, determined. _— d’arc-boutant_; (nav.) goose-neck of a boom. _— de gaffe_; (nav.) boat-hook. _— à calfat_, _— de calfat_; calker’s iron, calking-iron. _Petits —s_; punches (book-bind.). _Avoir toujours quelque — qui cloche_; to have always some screw loose. _Il y a quelque — qui cloche_; there’s a hitch somewhere. _Battre le —_; to fence, to tilt. _Battre le — pendant qu’il est chaud_; to strike the iron while it is hot, to make hay while the sun shines. _Être aux —s_, _être dans les —s_; to be fettered, bound, to be in chains; to be in prison, in captivity. _Être condamné à cinq ans de —s_; (milit.) to be condemned to five years’ imprisonment. _Employer le — et le feu_; to use the knife and cautery; to employ violent means. _Être un corps de —_; to be made of iron. _Mettre les —s au feu_; to put the irons into the fire, to fall to work. _Porter le — et la flamme dans_; to ravage with fire and sword. _Tomber les quatre —s en l’air_; to fall upon one’s back, to be struck all of a heap. _Ne tenir ni à — ni à clou_; to be badly fastened, badly arranged. _Cela ne vaut pas les quatre —s d’un chien_; that is not worth a fig, a straw, a rap. _Cet enfant userait du —_; that child would wear out nails. _Être sur le —_; (nav.) to be at anchor. _Notre navire était depuis trois jours sur le —_; our ship had been lying at anchor for three days. =fer= (cheptel de), _n.m._ _V._ =cheptel=. =fer-blanc=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) tin, tin-plate, latten. =ferblanterie=, _n.f._, tin-ware. =ferblantier= (-tié), _n.m._, tinman. =fer-chaud=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) (med.) cardialgia, heartburn, pyrosis. =féret=, _n.m._, (min.) hematite. =férial=, =-e=, _adj._, (ecc.) ferial (of the days). =férie=, _n.f._, day of rest, holiday; (antiq.) (_pl._) feriæ; (ecc.) feria. =férié=, =-e=, _adj._, of holidays. _Jour —_; holiday, general holiday. ☉=férir=, _v.a._, to strike. _Sans coup —_; without striking a blow [only _now_ used in this expression]. =ferlage=, _n.m._, (nav.) furling. =ferler=, _v.a._, (nav.) to furl. =fermage=, _n.m._, rent (of a farm); farming, leasing; rent; (jur.) rent-charge. _Refus de payer le —_; denial of rent. =fermant=, =-e=, _adj._, closing (with lock and key). =ferme=, _n.f._, farm, farm-house, homestead; farming; letting out on lease. _— école_; agricultural college; (carp.) trussed girder; main couple; truss; (carp.) rib (of centerings, roofs); (thea.) set-piece. _— triangulaire_; (carp.) truss. _Emplacement de —_; farmstead. _Régisseur de —_; farm-bailiff. _Maîtresses —s_; (carp.) principal rafters bearing on the girders. _—s de remplage_; (carp.) middle rafters. _Prendre à —_; to farm. _Donner_, _bailler_, _à —_; to let, to farm, to farm out. _Monter une —_; to stock a farm. _Bail à —_; lease of ground. =ferme=, _adj._, firm, steady, fast; fixed, steadfast; strong, stout; stiff; unshaken, constant, resolute. _Être — à cheval_; to sit firm in the saddle. _D’un ton —_; in a decided tone. _Avoir le poignet —_; to have a strong wrist. =ferme=, _adv._, firmly, fast, hard. _Frapper —_; to strike hard. _Tenir —_; to hold fast. =ferme!= _int._, cheer up! courage! go it! =fermement=, _adv._, firmly, steadily, fixedly, steadfastly, strongly, stoutly. =ferment=, _n.m._, ferment; leaven; yeast. =fermentable=, _adj._, fermentable. =fermentati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, fermentative. =fermentation=, _n.f._, fermentation, working; (fig.) ferment. =fermenter=, _v.a._, to ferment, to rise, to work. _La pâte fermente_; the dough is rising. =fermentescible=, _adj._, fermentable. =fermer=, _v.a._, to shut, to shut up, to fasten, to close, to close up; to encompass; to inclose. _— la porte au nez de quelqu’un_; to shut the door in any one’s face. _— la porte à clef_; to lock the door. _— la porte à double tour_; to double-lock the door. _— la porte au verrou_; to bolt the door. _— un robinet_; to stop a cock. _— la marche_; to bring up the rear. _— de haies_; to hedge in. _— de palissades_; to rail in, fence in. _— de murs_; to wall in. _— les yeux sur quelque chose_; to wink at anything. _— les yeux à la lumière_; to shut one’s eyes to the truth. _— l’oreille aux médisances_; to ignore slander. _— la bouche à quelqu’un_; to stop any one’s mouth. _— boutique_; to shut up shop. _— les yeux à_ or _de quelqu’un_; to close the eyes of any one (in death). _— l’écurie quand les chevaux sont partis_; (prov.) to shut the stable when the steed is out. _se_ =fermer=, _v.r._, to shut, to shut up, to close, to be closed, to be inclosed, to be encompassed. _Cette plaie se fermera bientôt_; that wound will soon close up. =fermer=, _v.n._, to shut, to be shut. =fermeté=, _n.f._, firmness; constancy, steadiness, stability; vigor, resolution. =fermeture=, _n.f._, closing, shutting; (carp., locksmith) fastening. _À la — des chambres_; at the end of the session (parliament). =fermeur=, _n.m._, (anat.) closer. =fermier=, _n.m._, husbandman, farmer; tenant. _— général_; farmer-general (of revenues). _— à bail_; tenant-farmer. =fermière=, _n.f._, farmer’s wife. =fermoir=, _n.m._, clasp, snap. =fermure=, _n.f._ _V._ =fermeture= (nav.). =féroce=, _adj._, ferocious, fierce, savage. _Bête —_; wild beast. =férocement=, _adv._, ferociously. =férocité=, _n.f._, ferocity, fierceness. *=ferraille=, _n.f._, old iron, scrap iron. *=ferrailler=, _v.n._, to forge, to hammer; to dabble in fencing; to fence badly; (b.s.) to fight (with swords); to wrangle. *=ferrailleur=, _n.m._, dealer in old iron; fighter (with a sword); wrangler. =ferrandinier=, _n.m._, silk-weaver. =ferrant=, _adj._ _Maréchal —_; farrier; shoe-smith. =ferré=, =-e=, _part._, shod; metaled; stoned; ferruginous; chalybeate (of water); skilled, versed in, thoroughly up in. _Chemin —_; metaled road. _Eau —e_; chalybeate water. _— à glace_; rough-shod; skilled in. _Voie —e_; railroad. =ferrement= (fèr-mān), _n.m._, iron tool; ironing; putting the irons on (convicts). _pl._, iron-work, iron fitting. =ferrer=, _v.a._, to bind, to hoop, with iron. _— une canne_; to put a ferrule on, to tip, a cane. _— un lacet_; to tag a lace. _— un cheval_; to shoe a horse. _— à glace_; to rough-shoe. =ferret=, _n.m._, tag (of a lace). _Je ne voudrais pas en donner un — d’aiguillette_; I would not give a fig, a rush, for it. =ferreur=, _n.m._, tagger (of laces). =ferrière=, _n.f._, tool-bag (of farriers). =ferrifère=, _adj._, ferriferous. =ferron=, _n.m._, dealer in bar-iron. =ferronnerie= (fé-ro-n-ri), _n.f._, iron-store; iron-foundry; ironmongery. =ferronni-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, ironmonger. =ferronnière=, _n.f._, coronet; lady’s head-dress. =ferrugineux=, _n.m._, (pharm.) iron, steel. =ferrugineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, ferruginous. _Eau —se_; chalybeate water. =ferrure=, _n.f._, iron-work; iron binding; shoeing (animal); pelt, pelting (of boots). =fertile=, _adj._, fertile, fruitful, teeming. =fertilement= (-til-mān), _adv._, fertilely, abundantly, fruitfully, plenteously. =fertilisable=, _adj._, that can be fertilized. =fertilisant=, =-e=, _adj._, fertilizing. =fertilisation=, _n.f._, fertilization. =fertiliser=, _v.a._, to fertilize, to manure. =fertilité=, _n.f._, fertility, fruitfulness. =féru=, =-e=, _part._, smitten; stung to the quick. =férule=, _n.f._, ferule, rod; stroke, cut; (bot.) ferula, giant-fennel. =fervemment= (-va-mān), _adv._, fervently. =fervent=, =-e=, _adj._, fervent. =ferveur=, _n.f._, fervor, fervency. =fescennin=, =-e=, _adj._, (antiq.) Fescennine. =fesse=, _n.f._, buttock, breech, rump, bottom. _—s_; rump, bottom; (nav.) tuck. =fesse-cahier=, _n.m._, (_—_ or _—-—s_) quill driver; literary hack. =fessée=, _n.f._, whipping, flogging. =fesse-mathieu=, _n.m._, (_—-—x_) miser, old hunks, skinflint, close-fist, pinch-fist. =fesser=, _v.a._, to whip; to flog, to spank. _— le cahier_; to drive the quill, to be a literary hack. =fesseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, whipper, flogger. =fessier=, _n.m._, breech, bottom; (anat.) gluteal. =fessi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, (anat.) gluteal. =fessu=, =-e=, _adj._, (pop.) large-breeched. =festin=, _n.m._, feast, banquet, entertainment. _Faire —_, _faire un —_; to feast, to banquet. _Salle de —_; banqueting hall. _Pour tout —_; as only fare. =festiner=, _v.a._, (jest.) to feast, to entertain. =festiner=, _v.n._, (jest.) to banquet, to feast, to make merry. =festival=, _n.m._, festival (musical). =feston=, _n.m._, festoon; scallop. =festonner=, _v.a._, to festoon; to scallop. =festoyer=, _v.a._, to entertain; to feast. =fête=, _n.f._, holiday, festival; saint’s day; festivity; feast, merry-making. _— carillonnée_; high jinks; great holiday. _— patronale_; patron saint’s day. _Jour de sa —_; one’s saint’s day; one’s birthday. _Un jour de —_; a holiday. _—s mobiles_; moveable feasts. _— légale_; bank holiday. _Troubler la —_; to mar the pleasure (of the company). _Trouble —_; mar- _or_ kill-joy, wet blanket. _Faire — à quelqu’un_; to make any one welcome. _Se faire de —_; to intermeddle. _Se faire une — de_, _se faire — de_; to look forward with pleasure to. _Payer sa —_; to keep one’s birthday _or_ saint’s day. _Ce n’est pas tous les jours —_; Christmas comes but once a year. =fête-dieu=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) Corpus Christi. =fêter=, _v.a._, to keep holiday, to keep, to celebrate, to observe, as a holiday; to entertain, to feast. _— quelqu’un_; to receive any one with open arms; to make any one very welcome. _C’est un saint qu’on ne fête pas_; he is a person without credit _or_ authority. =fetfa=, _n.m._, fetwah (decision of a mufti). =fétiche=, _n.m._, fetich. =fétichisme=, _n.m._, feticism, fetichism. =fétide=, _adj._, fetid, rank, offensive. =fétidité=, _n.f._, fetidness, offensiveness. =fêtoyer=, _v.a._ _V._ =festoyer=. =fétu=, _n.m._, straw, wisp; (fig.) pin; rap. _Tirer au court —_; to draw lots, to draw cuts. _Cela ne vaut pas un —_; that is not worth a fig _or_ rap. _Un cogne-—_; a fussy person. =fétu-en-cul=, _n.m._, (_—_). _V._ =paille-en-queue=. =fétus=, _n.m._ _V._ =fœtus=. =feu=, _n.m._, fire, burning, conflagration, combustion; fire-place; chimney; set of fire-irons; family, household, house; light, signal-light, torch-light; brunt (of fire-arms); brilliancy, luster; heat, ardor, flame, passion; vivacity, spirit; animation, mettle; liveliness, sprightliness; (feudalism) hearth; (milit.) firing; (vet.) fire; (theat.) extra pay. _— follet_; ignis fatuus, Jack-o’-lantern, will-o’-the-wisp. _— grisou_; fire-damp. _— de joie_; bonfire. _Mettre le — à une chose_; to set a thing on fire. _Prendre l’air du —_; to warm one’s self. _Se tenir au coin du —_; to keep in the chimney-corner. _Mettre le pot au —_; to set the dinner going. _Couleur de —_; flame-color. _— grégeois_; Greek fire. _— Saint-Elme_; corposant, Castor and Pollux. _— Saint-Antoine_; St. Anthony’s fire. _Il n’a jamais vu le —_; he has never smelt gunpowder. _Mettre tout à — et à sang_; to put everything to fire and sword. _Brûler un homme à petit —_; to kill a man by inches. _C’est le — et l’eau_; they are as opposite as fire and water. _J’en mettrais ma main au —_; I would stake my life upon it. _Il n’y a point de — sans fumée_; there is no smoke without fire. _Se jeter dans le — pour éviter la fumée_; to jump from the frying-pan into the fire. _Il y a tant de —x dans ce village_; there are so many chimneys, so many families, in this village. _Garniture de —_; set of fire-irons. _N’avoir ni — ni lieu_; to have neither house nor home. _Le — dont il brûle_; the flame that consumes him. _Ce vin a trop de —_; that wine is too fiery. _Il prend — aisément_; he takes fire easily. _Il jette — et flamme_; he frets and fumes. _Il a jeté tout son —_; he has spent all his fire. _— bien nourri_, _— bien servi_; (milit.) galling, well-sustained fire. _— rasant_; (milit.) flank fire. _— coulant_; (milit.) running-fire. _Triste —_, _— triste_; dull fire. _— vif_; (milit.) brisk fire. _— d’artifice_; fireworks. _—x de Bengale_; blue-lights. _— de cheminée_; chimney on fire. _— d’enfer_; scorching, scathing fire. _Boîte à —_; coal-box (locomotive). _Bouche à —_; piece of ordnance. _Coffre à —_; (nav.) fire-chest. _Coup de —_; shot; shot-wound. _Fer à donner le —_, _fer à mettre le —_; cauterizing iron. _Lance à —_; match. _À l’épreuve du —_; fire-proof. _Sous le — de_; upon the spur of. _Activer le —_; to stir the fire. _Attiser le —_; to poke the fire. _Cesser le —_; (milit.) to leave off firing _or_ to cease fire. _Condamner au —_; to condemn to the stake. _Crier au —_; to cry fire! _Donner le — à_; (vet.) to sear. _Faire —_; (milit.) to fire. _Faire du —_; to make a fire. _Courir comme au —_; to run after eagerly. _Faire — qui dure_; to husband one’s property; to take care of one’s health. _Faux —_; flash in the pan. _Faire faux —_; to miss fire, to flash in the pan. _Faire long —_; to hang fire; to be protracted; to miscarry. _Faire — des quatre pieds_; to strain every nerve. _Jeter ses premiers —x_; to sow one’s wild oats. _Jeter de l’huile sur le —_; to add fuel to the flame. _Se jeter dans le — pour quelqu’un_, _se mettre au — pour quelqu’un_; to go through fire and water for any one. _Jouer avec le —_; to play with edged tools. _Mettre le — au four_; to heat the oven. _Mettre le — sous le ventre à quelqu’un_; to urge any one to do a thing. _Donner le — trop chaud_, _trop ardent_, _à la viande_; to roast meat before too fierce a fire. _Montrer une chose au —_; to dry anything by the fire; to warm anything through by the fire. _Soutenir le —_; (milit.) to stand fire. _Soutenir un —_; (milit.) to keep up a fire. _Ne voir que du — à quelque chose_; to be dazzled by anything, not to make it out. _Le — a pris à la maison_; the house has caught fire. _Le — lui sort par les yeux_; his eyes flash fire. Feu! (milit.) fire! _Il n’est — que de bois vert_; none are so active as the young. _Il ne faut pas jouer avec le —_; one should not play with edged tools. =feu=, =-e=, _adj._, late, the late deceased, defunct. _Le — roi_; the late king. _La —e reine_, _— la reine_; the late queen. _— les princes_, _les —s princes_; the late princes. =feudataire=, _n.m.f._, _adj._, feudatory. =feudiste=, _n.m._ and _adj._, feodist. *=feuillage=, _n.m._, foliage, leaves, leafage; (bot.) frond; frondescence. *=feuillaison=, _n.f._, (bot.) foliation. *=feuillant=, _n.m._, feuillant, monk. *=feuillantine=, _n.f._, feuillantine (nun); (cook.) a kind of puff-paste. =feuillard=, _n.m._, hoop-wood. *=feuille=, _n.f._, leaf; sheet (of paper, metal); paper, newspaper, journal; foil (of mirrors); way-bill (of public coaches, etc.); list; veneer (cabinet-making). _pl._, (arch.) foils; foliation; feathering. _L’aisselle d’une —_; the axil of a leaf. _Trembler comme la —_; to shake like an aspen-leaf. _Vin de deux —s_; wine two years old. _— de papier_; sheet of paper. _— volante_; loose sheet; flying sheet. _— de décharge_, _— de rebut_; (print.) waste-sheet. _— à plaquer_; veneer. _— morte_; sere leaf. _— hebdomadaire_; weekly paper. _— quotidienne_; daily newspaper. _— de route_; way-bill; (milit.) route of the road. *=feuillé=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) leafy; (bot.) foliate. *=feuillé=, _n.m._, (paint.) foliage, leafage. *=feuillée=, _n.f._, bower, green arbor, foliage. *=feuille-morte=, _n.m._, feuillemort. *=feuille-morte=, _adj. invariable_, feuillemort (of a yellow brown color). *=feuiller=, _v.n._, to come into leaf; (paint.) to paint the foliage of a picture. *=feuilleret=, _n.m._, fillister, fillister-plane. *=feuillet=, _n.m._, leaf (two pages of a book); (com.) folio; (mam.) fech; (min.) thin plate; (bot.) gill, gills. _— à poing_; hand-saw. _Tournez le —_; turn over the leaf. _— refait_; (print.) cancel. _Faire une corne à un —_; to turn down a leaf. *=feuilletage= (feu-î-taj), _n.m._, puff-paste, flaky paste. *=feuilleté=, =-e=, _part._, (min.) foliated. _Gâteau —_; flaky-puff; buttered-roll. *=feuilleter= (feu-i-té), _v.a._, to turn over, to peruse, to run over; to thumb. *_se_ =feuilleter=, _v.r._, (min.) to split into thin plates; to be thumbed (of books). *=feuilletis=, _n.m._, the cutting edge (of diamonds). *=feuilleton= (feu-i-ton), _n.m._, feuilleton (the bottom part of journals devoted to literary articles, critiques, etc.); fly-sheet; (parl.) list (of petitions). *=feuilletoniste=, _n.m.f._, writer of feuilletons. *=feuillette=, _n.f._, quarter-cask. *=feuillu=, =-e=, _adj._, leafy; (bot.) folious. *=feuillure=, _n.f._, (carp.) cheek (of a door), rabbet. =feurre=, _n.m._, straw (for chair bottoms). =feutier=, _n.m._, fire-attendant. =feutrabilité=, _n.f._, felting quality. =feutrage=, _n.m._, felting. =feutre=, _n.m._, felt; hat; tile; (saddlery) packing. =feutrer=, _v.a._, to felt; to pad; to pack. =feutrier=, _n.m._, felt-maker. =feutrière=, _n.f._, felt-cloth. =fève=, _n.f._, bean; broad bean; berry; chrysalis (of silk-worms); (vet.) lampas. _—s de haricot_; kidney-beans. _—s de marais_; broad beans. _— de Tonka_; Tonquin bean. _Roi de la —_; twelfth-night king. _Rendre — pour pois_; to give tit for tat. _Donner un pois pour avoir une —_; to give a sprat to catch a herring. _Trouver la — au gâteau_; to hit the mark; to make a lucky discovery. =féverole= (fèv-rol), _n.f._, horse-bean; dried kidney-bean; bean. =févier=, _n.m._, (bot.) three-horned acacia, honey-locust, etc., genus gleditchia. =février=, _n.m._, February. =fez=, _n.m._, (_—_) fez (worn by Turks). =fi!= _int._, fie! fie. _— donc_; fie! for shame. _Faire — d’une chose_; to turn up one’s nose at anything. =fiacre=, _n.m._, hackney-coach; cab. _Place de —s_; cab-stand. _Cocher de —_; cabman. *=fiançailles=, _n.f.pl._, betrothal, engagement. =fiancé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, betrothed. =fiancer=, _v.a._, to betroth, to affiance. _Se —_; to become engaged. =fibre=, _n.f._, fiber, filament; (fig.) feeling. =fibreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, fibrous, fibrose; stringy. *=fibrille=, _n.f._, (anat.) fibril. *=fibrilleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, fibrillous. =fibrine=, _n.f._, (chem.) fibrine. =fic=, _n.m._, (med.) ficus; tumor. =ficelé=, =-e=, _part._, tied, tied up; (pop.) dressed; dressed out. _Comme le voilà —!_ what a guy he looks! =ficeler= (fi-slé), _v.a._, to bind, to tie, with string; to do up, to dress up. _— de fil de fer_; to wire. =ficeleur=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, packer. =ficelier=, _n.m._, reel, roller (for string). =ficelle=, _n.f._, pack-thread, twine, string; dodge; stage-trick. _Montrer la —_; to betray the secret motive. =fichant=, =-e=, _adj._, (fort.) darting. _Feu —_; darting, plunging fire; (fig.) annoying. =fiche=, _n.f._, hook, peg, pin (for a hinge); fish (at cards). _— de consolation_; small compensation; sop. =fiché=, =-e=, _part._, driven in; (her.) fitchee. _Aller se faire —_; to go and be hanged. _Envoyer faire —_; to send to the deuce. =ficher=, _v.a._, (_past part._, fiché, fichu), to drive in, to thrust in, to fasten in; (mas.) to pin up; (pop.) to give in a rude manner; to throw aside. _— un clou_; to drive in a nail. (fam.) _— le_, or _son_, _camp_; to decamp, to run away; to be off. _Je vous en fiche!_ Is it though! Would you though! _se_ =ficher=, _v.r._, (pop.) to throw one’s self down, on, etc.; to laugh at, to make game of. =ficheron=, _n.m._, iron-pin. =fichet=, _n.m._, ivory peg (to mark with). =fichoir=, _n.m._, peg, clothes-peg. =fichtre!= _int._, (pop.) the deuce! the devil; hang it! confound it! =fichu=, _n.m._, neckerchief. _Corps de —_; habit-shirt. =fichu=, =-e=, _part._, (pop.) pitiful; deuced; done for; thrown aside; dressed, got up. _Comme le voilà —!_ what a guy he looks! =fichure=, _n.f._, harpoon. =ficiforme=, _adj._, fig-shaped. =ficoïde=, _n.f._, (bot.) ice-plant. ☉=fictice=, _adj._ _V._ =fictif=. =ficti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, supposed, fictitious, imaginary. =fiction=, _n.f._, fiction, figment, fabrication; fable. =fictionnaire=, _adj._, fictitious, founded on fiction. =fictivement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, fictitiously. =fidéicommis=, _n.m._, (jur.) trust. =fidéicommissaire=, _n.m._, (jur.) trustee. =fidéjusseur=, _n.m._, (jur.) surety; guarantor. =fidéjussion=, _n.f._ _V._ =cautionnement=. =fidèle=, _adj._, loyal, true, trusty, faithful, exact, accurate, safe, sure. _Traducteur —_; correct _or_ accurate translator. _Copie —_; exact copy. _Mémoire —_; retentive _or_ good memory. =fidèle=, _n.m.f._, faithful friend. _pl._, (rel.) believers; worshipers; congregation. =fidèlement= (fi-dèl-mān), _adv._, faithfully, truly, loyally, trustily; accurately, exactly. =fidélité=, _n.f._, fidelity, faithfulness, loyalty, fealty; secrecy; exactness, accuracy; retentiveness (of the memory); (jur.) allegiance. _— éprouvée_; tried fidelity. _Prêter serment de —_; to take an oath of fidelity. =fiduciaire=, _n.m._, (jur.) fiduciary. _Circulation —_; paper currency. _Monnaie —_; paper-money. =fiduciaire=, _adj._, (jur.) in trust. =fief= (fièf), _n.m._, fee, fief. _Franc —_; freehold. =fieffé=, =-e=, _adj._, (fam., pop.) arrant, downright, regular. _Fripon —_; arrant knave. =fieffer=, _v.a._, to enfeoff, to invest with a fee. =fiel=, _n.m._, gall; hatred, bitterness, rancor, spleen. _Vésicule du —_; gall-bladder. _Amer comme —_; as bitter as gall. _Un homme plein de —_; a man full of malice. _Il a vomi tout son —_; he has vented all his spleen. =fiente=, _n.f._, dung. _Appliquer un banc de —_; (manu.) to dung. =fienter=, _v.a._, to dung. =fier=, _v.a._, to trust, intrust. _se_ =fier= (=à=), _v.r._, to trust to; to rely, to depend upon; to put one’s trust in. _Je me fie à vous_; I trust to you. _Je me fie sur vous_; I depend on you. _Fiez-vous-y_; (iron.) do not trust to that. _Bien fou qui s’y fie_; more fool he who relies upon it. =fi-er= (fi-èr), =-ère=, _adj._, proud, high-spirited, haughty, stout, bold; (her.) fierce, extreme, remarkable; famous, fine, capital. _Il est — comme Artaban_; he is as proud as Lucifer. _J’ai fait un — déjeuner_ or _dîner_; I have had a capital breakfast, dinner; I have dined like a lord. =fier-à-bras=, _n.m._, (_—_) bully, hector, braggart. =fièrement= (fièr-mān), _adv._, proudly, arrogantly, haughtily, soundly, stoutly, boldly; (pop.) preciously, finely, famously. =fierté=, _n.f._, pride, haughtiness, arrogance; boldness, dignity. _Rabaisser_, _rabattre_, _la — de quelqu’un_; to bring down, to humble, any one’s pride. =fièvre=, _n.f._, fever, feverishness, ague, restlessness, excitement; heat. _pl._, (med.) ague. _— ardente_; burning fever. _— d’hôpital_; typhus fever; gaol fever. _— hectique_; hectic fever. _— intermittente_; intermittent fever, ague. _— lente_; low fever; hectic. _— de lait_; milk fever. _— tierce_; tertian fever. _— tremblante_; ague. _— de cheval_; violent fever. _Accès de —_; fit of fever; fit of the ague. _Trembler la —_; to shake with fever. _Sortir de —_; to recover from a fever. _Donner la —_; to put in a fever. _Tomber de — en chaud mal_; to fall from the frying-pan into the fire. _Que la — le serre!_ plague take him! plague on him! _Avoir la —_; to be feverish. =fiévreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, feverish; liable to fever; full of fever; restless. =fiévreux=, _n.m._, fever-patient. _Salle des —_; fever-ward. =fiévrotte=, _n.f._, slight fever. =fifre=, _n.m._, fife; fifer. =fifrer=, _v.n._, to fife. =figaro=, _n.m._, barber; go-between, knavish valet. =figement= (fij-mān), _n.m._, congealing, congealment, coagulation, curdling. =figer=, _v.a._, to congeal, to coagulate, to curdle, to curd. _se_ =figer=, _v.r._, to congeal, to coagulate, to curdle, to curd. =figue= (fig), _n.f._, (bot.) fig. _Moitié —, moitié raisin_; so so; not quite the thing; half well, half ill. _Faire la — à_; to despise, to treat with contumely; to brave, to defy. =figuerie= (fi-grî), _n.f._, fig-ground. =figuier= (fi-ghié), _n.m._, fig-tree; (orni.) fig-eater. _— d’Adam_, _— des banians_; (bot.) banian, banian-tree. _— d’Inde_; opuntia, Indian fig-tree. ☉=figuline=, _n.f._, pot, vase (of earthenware). =figurabilité=, _n.f._, figurability. =figurant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (theat.) figurant (dancer), supernumerary, super. =figurati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, figurative, typical. =figurative=, _n.f._, (Grec. gram.) characteristic. =figurativement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, figuratively. =figure=, _n.f._, figure, form, shape; countenance, face, appearance, show; court-card, diagram; representation; symbol, type; (mus.) figured passage. _Faire —_; to make, to cut, a figure. _À la —_; to one’s face, in one’s teeth. _Être bien de —_; to be good-looking. _Être mal de —_; to be ill-looking. =figuré=, _n.m._, (gram.) figurative sense. =figuré=, =-e=, _part._, figured; figurative; (mus.) figured; (math.) figural. _Sens —_; figurative meaning. =figurément=, _adv._, figuratively. =figurer=, _v.a._, to figure, to represent, to typify. _se_ =figurer=, _v.r._, to imagine, to fancy, to picture to one’s self. _Figurez-vous que_; would you believe that. _Se figure-t-il que...?_ does he imagine for a moment that...? =figurer=, _v.n._, to look well, to match, to suit; to make, to cut, a figure; to flourish, to dance in figures; (theat.) to be a supernumerary. =figurine=, _n.f._, (paint.) little figure, miniature figure; postage stamp. =figuriste=, _n.m._, figurist. =fil=, _n.m._, thread, wire; yarn; edge; grain; chain, string, series; crack, flaw (in marble, stone); stream, current (of water). _— de caret_; rope-yarn. _— retors_; twine. _— à voile_; sail-twine. _— d’emballage_; pack-thread. _— à plomb_; plumb-line, plumb-rule. _— de la bonne Vierge_; air-thread, gossamer. _— d’archal_, _— de fer_; iron wire. _— de laiton_; brass wire. _— d’Ecosse_; cotton. _Le — d’une épée_; the edge of a sword. _— d’Ariane_; Ariadne’s thread; clew. _Grillage en — métallique_; wire-work. _À — fin_; fine-grained (of wood). _A gros —_; coarse-grained. _Aller de — en aiguille_; to go from point to point; minutely. _Aller contre le —_; to go against the stream; to go against the grain. _Aller de droit —_; to go straightforwardly. _Avoir du — à retordre_; to have work cut out for one. _Donner du — à retordre à quelqu’un_; to give no end of trouble to any one, to annoy any one. _Donner le — à_; to whet, to sharpen, to put an edge on. _Faire un —_; to spin a yarn. _Mettre_, _passer_, _au fil de l’épée_; to put to the edge of the sword. _Oter le — de_; to take the edge off. _Suivre le — de l’eau_ or _du courant_; to go with the stream. _Ne tenir qu’à un —_; to hang upon a thread. _A toile ourdie Dieu envoie le —_; make a beginning; God will provide for the ending. _Finesses cousues de — blanc_; tricks easily found out. =filage=, _n.m._, spinning; (bot.) cotton-rose; cud-weed. =filagramme=. _V._ =filigrane=. =filaire=, _n.f._, (ent.) filaria. =filament=, _n.m._, filament, thread; fiber. =filamenteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, thready, stringy. =filandière=, _n.f._, spinster, spinner. _Les sœurs —s_; the fates, the fatal sisters. =filandres=, _n.f.pl._, gossamer, air-threads; strings (of leguminous plants). =filandreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, stringy, thready. =filant=, =-e=, _adj._, flowing, ropy; (of stars) shooting. =filasse=, _n.f._, harl, tow (of flax, hemp). =filassi-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, flax-dresser. =filateur=, _n.m._, mill-owner; spinner. =filatrice=, _n.f._, (tech.) silk-winder (pers.). =filature=, _n.f._, spinning; spinning-mill; rope-walk. =file=, _n.f._, row, rank, file. _Ranger par —_; to draw up in file. _Chef de —_; front-rank man. _Par — à droite_, _à gauche_! right _or_ left wheel! _À la —_; one after another. =filé=, _n.m._, thread (of gold or silver). =filer=, _v.a._, to spin; to conduct, to carry on; to spin out; (nav.) to veer. _Machine à —_; spinning-machine. _— sa corde_; to go the way to the gallows. _— le parfait amour_; to be all love and sentiment. =filer=, _v.n._, to rope; (milit.) to file; (of cats) to purr; to shoot (of ships, of stars); to flare (of lights); to cut one’s stick, to take one’s self off. _Il faut —_; we must be off. _Allons, filez_; come, make yourself scarce. _Ce sirop file_; this sirup is ropy. _— doux_; to be all submission, to put up with an insult, to pocket an affront; to sing small. _Du temps que Berthe filait_; in the good old times. _— à l’anglaise_; to leave without saying good-bye. =filerie= (fi-lrî), _n.f._, rope-walk; wire-drawing; wire-mill. =filet=, _n.m._, string, filament, small thread; fiber; (bot.) fillet; chine; (arch.) bead (of liquor); dash, drop; streak; gleam; streamlet; bed-molding; runner (of strawberries); (anat.) frenum, (print.) rule; string (of the tongue); (man.) bridoon; snaffle-bridle; net; snare; rack (rail). _— d’or_; fillet of gold. _Un — de vinaigre_; a dash of vinegar. _Avoir le —_; to be tongue-tied. _Il n’a pas le —_; he has a well-oiled tongue. _Avoir le — coupé_; to have a glib tongue. _— d’une vis_; thread of a screw. _Prendre au —_; to catch in a net. _Faiseur de —s_; net-maker. _Faire tomber dans un —_; to ensnare. _Coup de —_; cast of a net; haul. _— de voix_; thin voice. =fileur=, _n.m._, spinner; wire-drawer. _— de cartes_; card-sharper. =fileuse=, _n.f._, spinner, spinster. =filial=, =-e=, _adj._, filial. =filialement= (-al-mān), _adv._, filially. =filiation=, _n.f._, filiation; (fig.) connection. =filière=, _n.f._, draw-plate; screw-plate; (carp.) purlin; string, series; ordeal. =filiforme=, _adj._, (bot.) filiform; thread-shaped. =filigrane=, _n.m._, filigrane, filigree-work; filigree; water-mark (in paper). =filin=, _n.m._, (nav.) cordage. =filipendule=, _n.f._, (bot.) dropwort. *=fille=, _n.f._, girl, female, lass, maiden; daughter; servant-maid; spinster; offspring. _Petite-—_; grand-daughter. _Arrière-petite-—_; great grand-daughter. _Belle-—_; daughter-in-law; step-daughter. _—s d’honneur_; maids of honor. _Vieille —_; old maid. _— de chambre_; chamber-maid. _— de service_; housemaid. _— de boutique_; shop-girl. _— de joie_; prostitute. _Rester —_; to be an old maid. _— à marier_; marriageable daughter. *=fillette=, _n.f._, lass, young girl. *=filleul=, _n.m._, godson, godchild. *=filleule=, _n.f._, goddaughter. =filoche=, _n.f._, net-work. =filon=, _n.m._, metallic vein, lode. =filoselle=, _n.f._, floss-silk. =filou=, _n.m._, pickpocket, sharper, thief. =filouter=, _v.a._, to pickpocket, to steal; to cheat, to swindle; to chisel. =filouterie= (fi-lout-rî), _n.f._, picking pockets, swindling; cheating, filching. =fils= (fiss), _n.m._, son, child, offspring, lad, boy, fellow. _Petit-—_; grandson. _Arrière-petit-—_; great grandson. _Beau-—_; son-in-law; step-son. _— de famille_; gentleman’s son; nobleman. _Être bien — de son père_; to be a chip of the old block. _— de ses œuvres_; self-made man. _Il est bon —_; he is a good _or_ an easy-going fellow. =filterie=, _n.f._, twine factory. =filtrage=, _n.m._, filtering, straining. =filtrant=, =-e=, _adj._, filtering, straining. =filtration=, _n.f._, filtration, filtering, straining, percolation. =filtre=, _n.m._, filter; filtering-machine; philter, love potion. _V._ =philtre=. =filtrer=, _v.a._, to filter, to strain; to percolate. _Pierre à —_; filtering-stone. _se_ =filtrer=, _v.r._, to filter, to be filtered. =filure=, _n.f._, spinning. =fin=, _n.f._, end, close, conclusion, termination, issue, expiration, aim, design, view, object, intention. _Mettre — à_; to put an end to. _Tirer à sa —_; to be drawing to an end. _Être à sa —_; to be at one’s last shift. _La — couronne l’œuvre_; all is well that ends well. _Aller_, _tendre_, _à ses —s_; to pursue one’s point. _— de non-recevoir_; (jur.) plea to bar; exception. _À ces —s_; for this, for that, end. _Mener à bonne —_; to bring to an end, to succeed in. _Cheval à toute —_; horse fitted to ride and drive. _À telle — que de raison_; at any rate, for such purpose as may be required. _À la —_; at last, at length, in the end, in the long run. _À la — des —s vous voilà_; at last you have come! _Qui veut la — veut les moyens_; where there’s a will there’s a way. _Savoir le fort et le — de son art_; to know every trick of the trade. _— de siècle_, _adj._, up to date. =fin=, =-e=, _adj._, fine, thin, refined; acute, ingenious; delicate, polite; shrewd, cunning, sly; small (of handwriting). _—es herbes_; sweet _or_ savory herbs. _Diamants —s_; gems, precious stones. _Des traits —s_; delicate features. _Il a l’oreille —e_; he has a quick ear. _Un — voilier_; a swift sailer. _Avoir le nez —_; to have a good nose, to be far-sighted. _C’est un — matois_; he is a knowing fellow. _Le — mot_; the main point, gist. _Je n’entends pas le — mot de tout cela_; I don’t see the force of that. _Plus — que lui n’est pas bête_; he who can take him in is no fool. _Du — fond_; from the very depths of. =fin=, _n.m._, sharp fellow, keen fellow; gist, main point; (metal.) pure metal. _Savoir le fort et le — de quelque chose_; to know the long and the short of anything. _— contre — n’est pas bon à faire doublure_, or, _—, — et demi_; diamond cut diamond. _Jouer au plus —_; to finesse; to vie in cunning. _Ecrire en —_; to write small hand. =final=, =-e=, _adj._, final, last, ultimate. =finale=, _n.m._, (mus.) finale. _n.f._, (gram.) last syllable. =finalement= (fi-nal-mān), _adv._, finally, lastly. =finalité=, _n.f._, finality. =finance=, _n.f._, cash, ready money; finance, financiers. _pl._, finances; exchequer, treasury. _Projet de loi de —_; bill of supply. =financer=, _v.n._, to lay out money; to come down with one’s own money. =financier=, _n.m._, financier. =financi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, financial. =finasser=, _v.n._, to shuffle, to finesse. =finasserie= (fi-na-srî), _n.f._, finesse, petty trickery; shirking. =finasseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, artful dodger. =finaud=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, sly, artful, cunning person, sly-boots; sly, artful. =finement= (fi-n-mān), _adv._, artfully, slyly, delicately, ingeniously, shrewdly; archly. =finesse=, _n.f._, fineness; delicacy; ingenuity; finesse, artifice, craftiness, slyness, craft, shrewdness. _User de —_; to display cunning. _Faire — d’une chose_; to make a secret of a thing. _Entendre — à une chose_; to put a malicious construction _or_ interpretation on a thing. _Des —s cousues de fil blanc_; artifices easily seen through. =finet=, =-te=, _adj._, (l.u.) sly, subtle, cunning. =finette=, _n.f._, thin stuff, tissue, flannelette. =fini=, =-e=, _part._, finished, ended, complete. _C’est une affaire —e_; it is a settled matter. =fini=, _n.m._, finish, high finish; finite, perfection. _Donner le — à_; to finish off, _or_ to put the finishing touch to. _Le — et l’infini_; the finite and the infinite. =finir=, _v.a._, to finish, to complete, to end, to terminate; to finish off; to put an end to; to complete, to perfect; to cease, to leave off. =finir=, _v.n._, to finish; to terminate, to conclude; to be at an end, to be over; to expire. _En — avec_; to put an end to. _Il ne finira jamais_; he will never stop. _À n’en plus —_; without end, endless. _Cela n’en finit pas —_; there’s no end to it. _As-tu fini!_ (pop.) have you done! _Finissez donc!_ do be quiet! _Voulez-vous finir?_ will you be quiet? =finissage=, _n.m._, finishing off. =finisseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, finisher. =finnois=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Finn; Finnish. =fiole=, _n.f._, vial. =fion=, _n.m._, (pop.) finishing touch, knack; fugue. =fioritures=, _n.f.pl._, (mus.) grace-notes. =firmament=, _n.m._, firmament. =firman=, _n.m._, firman. =fisc=, _n.m._, public treasury, fisc. =fiscal=, =-e=, _adj._, fiscal, financial. =fiscalité=, _n.f._, (b.s.) fiscal laws, matters. =fissipare=, _adj._, (zoöl., bot.) fissiparous. =fissipède=, _n.m._ and _adj._, fissiped. =fissirostre=, _adj._, (orni.) fissirostral. =fissirostres=, _n.m.pl._, (orni.) fissirostres. =fissure=, _n.f._, fissure, cleft; crack, rent. _se_ =fissurer=, _v.r._, to become fissured. =fiston=, _n.m._, (fam.) boy, lad, young one. =fistulaire=, _adj._, fistular, fistuliform. =fistule=, _n.f._, fistula. =fistuleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, fistulous; fistular. =fixation=, _n.f._, fixation; appointing, fixing, rating, assessment. =fixe=, _n.m._, fixed, firm, steady, fast, set; appointed, regular; settled weather. _Traitement —_; regular salary. _Les —s_; (astron.) fixed stars; (chem.) fixed bodies. =fixe=, _adj._, fixed, settled, steady, certain, stationary, regular. _Prix —_; set price. (milit.) _—!_ eyes front! steady! =fixé=, _n.m._, oil-painting protected by glass. =fixement=, _adv._, fixedly, wistfully, hard; steadily; in the face. =fixer=, _v.a._, to fix, to fasten, to stick; to settle; to determine, to appoint; to attract, to gaze on; to stare at. _— un jour_; to appoint a day. _— les regards de quelqu’un_; attract any one’s attention. _Je suis fixé sur son compte_; I have got his measure; I know all about him. _se_ =fixer=, _v.r._, to fix, to be fixed, to settle down, to be settled, to elect domicile; to live. _Se — à quelque chose_; to settle upon anything. =fixité=, _n.f._, fixity, fixedness, stability. =fla=, _n.m._, double beat of the drum. =flabelliforme=, _adj._, (bot.) fan-shaped. =flac=, _int._, slap, bang. =flaccidité=, _n.f._, flabbiness, flaccidity. =flache=, _n.f._, hole in the pavement; plash, puddle, pool; (carp.) flaw. =flacon=, _n.m._, flagon; flask; vial; smelling bottle. =flafla=, _n.m._, claptrap, show, dash. =flagellant=, _n.m._, flagellant. =flagellation=, _n.f._, flagellation, scourging, lashing, whipping, flogging. =flageller= (fla-jèl-lé), _v.a._, to flagellate, to scourge, to lash, to flog, to whip. =flagelliforme=, _adj._, whip-shaped. =flageoler=, _v.n._, to tremble, to shake. =flageolet= (fla-jo-lè), _n.m._, flageolet; spindle-leg; dwarf kidney-bean. =flagorner=, _v.a._, to flatter servilely; to fawn upon, to toady to. =flagornerie=, _n.f._, sycophancy, base flattery. =flagorneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, sycophant, toady. =flagrant=, =-e=, _adj._, flagrant, gross. _En — délit_; in the very act. =flair=, _n.m._, (hunt.) scent. _Il a le —_; he knows how to find out things. =flairer=, _v.a._, to smell, to scent, to detect; to find out. _— quelque chose_; to smell a rat. =flaireur=, _n.m._, (l.u.) smeller. _— de cuisine_; sponger; smell-feast. =flamand=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Fleming; Flemish. =flamant=, _n.m._, (orni.) flamingo. =flambant=, =-e=, _adj._, blazing, flaming; flash; (her.) flaming. _— neuf_; brand-new. =flambard=, =-e=, _adj._, (pop.) bright, flashy. =flambard=, _n.m._, sword with a waving blade; (nav.) fishing smack. =flambe=, _n.f._, (bot.) common iris. =flambé=, =-e=, _adj._, singed; ruined, done for. _Il est —_; he is done for. _Mon argent est —_; my money is lost. =flambeau=, _n.m._, link, taper, torch; candle-stick; light, luminary. _Porte-—_; (_—-—x_) link-boy. _Les —x de la nuit_; the stars. _À la lumière des —x_; by torch-light. =flamber=, _v.a._, to singe, to fumigate; to inflame; to fire. _— une volaille_; to singe a fowl. =flamber=, _v.n._, to blaze, to flame, to flare. =flamberge=, _n.f._, (jest.) sword. _Mettre — au vent_; to draw one’s sword. _— au vent_; with drawn sword. =flambergeant=, _n.m._, curlew. =flamboiement=, _n.m._, flaming, blazing; flare. =flamboyant=, =-e=, _adj._, flaming, blazing; gleaming, glistening; (her.) flamboyant. =flamboyer=, _v.n._, to flame, to blaze, to flare; to flash. =flamine=, _n.m._, (antiq.) flamen. =flamme=, _n.f._, flame, blaze, fire, glow, luster; ardor; passion; (nav.) pendant; (vet.) fleam. _Ce feu ne fait point de —_; that fire does not blaze. _Jeter de la —_; to flame. _Jeter feu et —_; to fret and fume. =flammèche=, _n.f._, flake of fire; spark. =flammerole=, _n.f._, fire-drake; will o’ the wisp. =flammette=, _n.f._, (vet.) fleam; little flame. =flan=, _n.m._, custard; a blank coin. =flanc= (flan), _n.m._, flank, side; entrails; womb, bosom; (nav.) breast. _Se battre les —s_; to exert one’s self (to no purpose). _Par le — droit_; (milit.) to the right about. _Prêter le — à_; to lay one’s self open to. _Être sur le —_; (pop.) to be laid up; to be on one’s back. =flanchet=, _n.m._, flank of beef _or_ of cod. =flanconade=, _n.f._, (fenc.) flanconade. =flandrin=, _n.m._, tall lanky fellow. =flanelle=, _n.f._, flannel. =flâner=, _v.a._, to lounge, to saunter, to stroll, to loaf. =flânerie= (flâ-n-rî), _n.f._, lounging; lounge; stroll; sauntering; loafing. =flâneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, lounger, stroller, saunterer; loafer. =flanquant=, =-e=, _adj._, (fort.) flanking. =flanquement= (flank-mān), _n.m._, (fort.) flanking. =flanquer=, _v.a._, (arch., fort.) to flank; to defend, to secure, to guard; to deal (a blow); to strike; to throw; to toss, to fling, to pitch. _— un soufflet à quelqu’un_; to box any one’s ears. _— à la porte_; to bundle out. _Je lui ai flanqué une pile_; (triv.) I gave him a sound licking. _se_ =flanquer=, _v.r._, to throw one’s self down _or_ in; to fall down; to poke, to intrude; to give one’s self _or_ each other. =flaque=, _n.f._, small pool, puddle. =flaquée=, _n.f._, dash (of water); dab. =flaquer=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to dash (water, etc.). =flasque=, _adj._, lank, slack, limp, feeble, weak, flabby. =flasque=, _n.m._, cheek (of gun-carriages). =flasque=, _n.f._, flask, powder-flask. =flatir=, _v.a._, (coin.) to flatten. =flatoir=, _n.m._, (coin.) flattening-hammer. =flâtrer=, _v.a._, to fire; to cauterize (dogs, etc.). =flatter=, _v.a._, to flatter, to tickle; to gloss over; to cajole; to deceive, to delude; to caress, to endear, to make much of, to stroke, to coax, to fawn; to smooth; to touch gently; to run one’s fingers over. _Elle aime à s’entendre —_; she likes to be flattered. _Un portrait flatté_; a flattering likeness. _La musique flatte l’oreille_; music soothes the ear. _Le chien flatte son maître_; the dog fawns upon his master. _se_ =flatter=, _v.r._, to flatter one’s self, to deceive, to delude one’s self; to hope, to trust, to expect. =flatterie= (fla-trî), _n.f._, flattery, adulation. =flatteu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, flattering, complimentary; fawning; gratifying, pleasing; eulogistic. =flatteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, flatterer. =flatteusement= (-teuz-mān), _adv._, flatteringly. =flatueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, flatulent, windy. =flatulence=, _n.f._, flatulence, wind. =flatulent=, =-e=, _adj._, flatulent, windy. =flatuosité=, _n.f._, flatulency. =fléau=, _n.m._, (agri.) flail; scourge, plague; beam (of a balance); iron bar (to fasten folding gates). =flèche=, _n.f._, arrow, dart, shaft; (astron.) sagitta; spire; (tric-trac) point; tandem (of driving); (nav.) pole; perch (of carriages); (fort.) bonnet; (arch.) rise. _Tirer une —_; to let fly an arrow. _Faire — de tout bois_; to leave no stone unturned. _Il ne sait plus de quel bois faire —_; he does not know which way to turn, he is at his wit’s end. _— de lard_; flitch of bacon. =fléchier=, _n.m._, arrow-maker. =fléchière=, _n.f._, (bot.) arrow-head. =fléchir=, _v.a._, to bend, to bow; to move, to melt; to persuade, to touch, to soften. _Se laisser —_; to relent, to give in, to consent. =fléchir=, _v.n._, to bend, to bow, to yield, to give way, to stagger, to waver. =fléchissable=, _adj._, flexible, pliant. =fléchissement= (-shis-mān), _n.m._, bending, giving way. =fléchisseur=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, (anat.) flexor. =flegmasie=, _n.f._ _V._ =phlegmasie=. =flegmatique= _or_ =phlegmatique=, _adj._, (med.) phlegmatic, cold, dull, sluggish, phlegmatic (of the mind). _n._, cold, dull, phlegmatic person. =flegme= _or_ =phlegme=, _n.m._, phlegm, coldness. =flegmon=, _n.m._ _V._ =phlegmon=. =flegmoneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._ _V._ =phlegmoneux=. =flétan=, =flételet=, _or_ =flétau=, _n.m._, (ich.) halibut. =flétrir=, _v.a._, to wither, to dry up, to cause to fade, to blight, to blast; to tarnish, to blemish, to brand, to disgrace, to stain, to dishonor, to stigmatize. _se_ =flétrir=, _v.r._, to fade, to wither, to tarnish; to dishonor one’s self; to be branded, to be stigmatized. =flétrissant=, =-e=, _adj._, dishonoring, blighting. =flétrissure=, _n.f._, fading, decaying, withering; blemish, blot, brand, discredit, disgrace; stigma. =flette=, _n.f._, flat-bottomed boat. =fleur=, _n.f._, flower, bloom, blossom; choice, best, pick; flourish; (pharm.) flour. _— de farine_; best flour, whites. _—s d’arbre_; blossoms of a tree. _Être dans la — de son âge_; to be in the prime of life. _Être dans toute sa —_; to be in its prime (of a thing). _Avoir la — d’une chose_; to have the best of a thing. _Semer de —s_; to strew with flowers. _—s blanches_; whites, fluor-albus. _À — de_; even with, level with. _À — de terre_; even with the ground. _Fine —_; pick, flower. _À —s_; flowery, flowered. _Yeux à — de tête_; goggle _or_ prominent eyes. _Entrer en —_; to flower, bloom. _À — d’eau_; between wind and water. =fleurage=, _n.m._, pollard. =fleuraison= _or_ =floraison=, _n.f._, efflorescence, blowing-time, flowering season. =fleur de lis=, _n.f._, fleur-de-lis. =fleurdelisé=, =-e=, _part._, marked with a fleur-de-lis. =fleurdeliser=, _v.a._, to mark with a fleur-de-lis. =fleuré=, _adj._, (her.) flowery, flowered. =fleurer=, _v.n._, to smell, to exhale. _Cela fleure bon_; that smells nice. (pop.) _for_ =flairer=, _or_ =sentir=. =fleuret=, _n.m._, silk ferret; (fenc.) foil. =fleureter=. _V._ =flirter=. =fleurette=, _n.f._, little flower, floweret; amorous discourse, gallant speech. _Conter —_; to talk sweet nonsense, to make love to. =fleuri=, =-e=, _part._, flowery, florid, agreeable. _Teint —_; florid complexion. _Ecrire d’une manière —e_; to write in a florid style. =fleurir=, _v.n._, to flower, to blow; to bloom, to blossom; to thrive, to be in repute, to flourish, to prosper. _Cet arbre fleurissait tous les ans deux fois_; this tree blossomed twice every year. _Cet auteur florissait sous le règne de_; that author flourished under the reign of. _Les arts et les sciences florissaient alors_; arts and sciences flourished then. =fleurir=, _v.a._, to ornament with flowers. _se_ =fleurir=, _v.r._, to adorn one’s self with flowers. =fleurissant=, =-e=, _adj._, blossoming, blooming. =fleuriste=, _n.m.f._, florist, floriculturist; artificial-flower-maker; (in compound words) flower. _Jardinier —_; flower-gardener, nursery-man. _Jardin —_; flower-garden. =fleuron=, _n.m._, flower-work (paint., etc.); jewel, ornament; (print.) tail-piece. _C’est le plus beau — de sa couronne_; it is the brightest jewel in his crown. =fleuronné=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) having florets; (paleography) ornamented. (her.) _V._ =fleuré=. =fleuve=, _n.m._, river (which falls into the sea), stream; (myth., paint., sculpt.) river-god. _Le bord d’un —_; the bank of a river. _L’embouchure d’un —_; the mouth of a river. =flexibilité=, _n.f._, flexibility, flexibleness, pliancy, suppleness. =flexible=, _adj._, flexible, pliable, pliant, supple. =flexion=, _n.f._, flexion, bending. =flexueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (bot.) flexuous. =flexuosité=, _n.f._, (bot.) flexuosity. =flibot=, _n.m._, (nav.) fly-boat. =flibustier= (-tié), _n.m._, buccaneer, freebooter. =flic-flac=, _n.m._, crack of the whip; flick-flack. =flint-glass=, _n.m._, flint-glass. =flirter=, _v.n._, to flirt. =floc=, _n.m._, flock; tuft, tassel. =floche=, _n.f._, rag; flock. _adj._, shaggy. _Soie —_; floss-silk. =flocon=, _n.m._, flake; flock, tuft. _Un — de laine_; a flock of wool. _Il tombait de la neige à gros —s_; snow fell in great flakes. =floconneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, flaky. =flonflon=, _n.m._, tol-de-rol (chorus). =floraison=, _n.f._ _V._ =flouraison=. =floral=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) floral. _Jeux floraux_; floral games. =flore=, _n.f._, (bot.) anthology, flora; (myth.) Flora. =floréal=, _n.m._, Floreal (the eighth month of the calendar of the first French republic, from April 20th to May 19th). =florence=, _n.m._, sarcenet. =florencé=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) flowery. =florentin=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Florentine. =florentine=, _n.f._, florentine. =florès= (-rès), _adv._, figure, dash. _Faire —_; to make a show, to cut a dash. =florifère=, _adj._, (bot.) floriferous. =florin=, _n.m._, florin. =florissant=, =-e=, _adj._, prosperous, flourishing. =floriste=, _n.m._, florist. =flosculeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (bot.) floscular, flosculous. =floss=, _n.m._, (metal.) floss. =flot=, _n.m._, wave, billow, flood, surge; tide, flood-tide; crowd (of persons); stream, torrent. _Les —s de la mer_; the waves of the sea. _Le bruit des —s_; the roaring of the waves. _Mettre un vaisseau à —_; to set a ship afloat. _Être à —_; to be afloat. _À —s_; in streams, in torrents; in crowds. _Demi —_; half-flood, half-tide. _— et jusant_; flood and ebb. =flottable=, _adj._, navigable (for rafts). =flottage=, _n.m._, floating of wood, rafting. =flottaison=, _n.f._, flotation (nav.). _Ligne de —_; load water-line _or_ mark. =flottant=, _n.m._, (of hydraulic wheels) float. =flottant=, =-e=, _adj._, floating, flowing; irresolute, wavering, fluctuating. =flotte=, _n.f._, fleet; navy, shipping, cable-buoy; (fishing) float. =flotté=, =-e=, _part._, floated. _Bois —_; float-wood. =flottement= (flot-mān), _n.m._, floating; wavering, irresolution; (milit.) undulation. =flotter=, _v.n._, to float, to waft; to be irresolute, to fluctuate, to waver. _Faire — du bois_; to float wood. _v.a._, (nav.) to ease off, to slacken (cable). =flotteron=, _n.m._, small float. =flotteur=, _n.m._, raftsman; (nav.) cable-buoy; water-gauge. *=flottille=, _n.f._, flotilla. =flou=, _n.m._, (paint.) softness; delicacy of touch. =flou=, _adj._, (paint.) light and soft. =flou=, _adv._, (paint.) lightly. =flouer=, _v.a._, to cheat; to diddle out of. =flouerie= (floû-rî), _n.f._, cheating, swindling. =floueur=, _n.m._, sharper, cheat, gull-catcher. =flou-flou=, _n.m._, (_—_) rustling, rustle of silk. =fluant=, =-e=, _adj._, liquid, flowing, flimsy, unresisting, transient; badly sized (of paper). =fluate=, _n.m._, (chem.) fluate, fluoride. =fluaté=, =-e=, _adj._, fluoride of. _Chaux —e_; fluoride of lime. =fluctuant=, _adj._, fluctuating. =fluctuation=, _n.f._, fluctuation. =fluctueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, fluctuating, agitated, boisterous. =fluer=, _v.n._, to flow, to run. =fluet=, =-te=, _adj._, thin, spare, lean, slender, lank. =flueurs=, _n.f.pl._, (med.) fluor-albus, whites. =fluide=, _adj._, liquid, flowing, fluid. =fluide=, _n.m._, fluid. =fluidité=, _n.f._, fluidity, fluidness. =fluor=, _n.m._, (chem.) fluorine; (min.) fluor; fluor-spar. _Spath —_; fluor, fluor-spar. =fluorine=, _n.f._, (chem.) fluorine; (min.) fluoride. =flûte=, _n.f._, (nav.) flute; (mus.) flute; French roll, tall glass (for champagne). _Jouer de la —_; to play the flute. _— allemande_, _traversière_; German flute. _Petite —_; piccolo. _Ce qui vient de la — s’en retourne au tambour_; lightly come, lightly go. _Ajuster ses —s_; to tune one’s pipes; to prepare one’s measures. _Accordez vos —s_; settle it between you. =flûté=, =-e=, _adj._, soft, fluted, fluty; piping; squeaky. =flûteau=, _n.m._, child’s whistle; (bot.) water-plantain. =flûter=, _v.n._, to flute, to pipe; to drink hard; to tipple. =flûteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (b.s.) player on the flute, piper, (fam.) toper, tippler. =flûtiste=, _n.m._, flutist, flute-player. =fluvial=, =-e=, _adj._, fluvial. =fluviatile=, _adj._, fluviatile, fluviatic. =flux= (flu), _n.m._, flux, flow, influx, flood; stream, rising; (at cards) flush. _— de sang_; bloody flux. _— de ventre_; dysentery. =fluxion=, _n.f._, inflammation; swelling. _pl._, (math.) fluxions. _Une — de poitrine_; inflammation of the lungs. =fluxionnaire=, _adj._, (l.u.) subject to inflammation. =foarre=, =foerre=, =fouarre=, _n.m._, straw (of oats). =foc=, _n.m._, (nav.) jib, stay-sail. _Grand —_; standing-jib. _Petit —_; fore stay-sail. _Bâton de —_; jib-boom. =focal=, _adj._, focal. =foène=, _n.f._, eel-spear. =fœtus= (fé-tus), _n.m._, fœtus. =foi=, _n.f._, faith, belief; fidelity, honor; trust; credit, evidence; proof, testimony; (milit.) parole; fealty. _N’avoir ni — ni loi_; to regard neither law nor gospel, _or_ to be utterly reckless, unprincipled. _Ma —!_ really! faith! to be sure! I declare! _Fausser sa —_; to break one’s faith. _— de gentilhomme_; as I am a gentleman, on the word _or_ honor of a gentleman. _Garder sa —_; to keep one’s faith. _Manquer à sa —_; to break one’s faith. _Bonne —_; good faith, honesty, plain-dealing. _Mauvaise —_; dishonesty, unfairness, false play. _Profession de —_; creed, belief. _Un homme de bonne —_; an honest man. _Ajouter — à quelque chose_; to give credit to anything. _Avez-vous — à ces contes-là?_ do you believe such stories? _En — de quoi_; in testimony whereof. _De bonne —_; sincerely, honestly, uprightly, in earnest. _Agir de bonne —_; to act fairly. _Faire — de_; to testify, to prove, to be evidence of. =foible=. _V._ =faible=. =foie=, _n.m._, liver. _Maladie de —_; liver-complaint. _Pâté de — gras_; goose liver pie. =foin=, _n.m._, hay, grass. _Meule de —_; hay-stack _or_ rick; (of artichokes) choke. _Grenier à —_; hayloft. _Faire les —s_; to make hay. _Mettre du — dans ses bottes_; to feather one’s nest. _Avoir du — dans ses bottes_; to be well off. =foire=, _n.f._, (l.ex.) diarrhœa; fair (market); fairing. _La — n’est pas sur le pont_; there is no occasion to be in such a hurry. _Ils s’entendent comme larrons en —_; they are hand and glove together. =foirer=, _v.n._, (l.ex.) to have diarrhœa; (fig.) to show the white feather. =foireu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (l.ex.) lax, relaxed. _n._, one who has diarrhœa. _Avoir la mine —se_; to look pale, sick. =fois=, _n.f._, time, occasion (repetition). _Une — par an_; once a year. _Deux — par semaine_; twice a week. _Plusieurs —_; several times. _De — à autre_; from time to time. _Une autre —_; another time. _Une — pour toutes_; once for all. _Une — autant_; as much again. _À la —_, _tout à la —_; all together, all at once. _Autant de — que_, _toutes les — que_; as often as. _Une — n’est pas coutume_; once does not constitute a habit. _À plusieurs —_; repeatedly. _Y regarder à deux —_; to look twice (before doing anything). _N’en pas faire à deux —_; not to hesitate a moment. _Trois — trois_; three times three. =foison=, _n.f._, plenty, abundance. _À —_; plentifully, abundantly; in crowds. =foisonner=, _v.n._, to abound; to increase; to swarm (of animals). =fol=, =-le=, _adj._ _V._ =fou=. =folâtre=, _adj._, sportive, frolicsome, playful; wanton. =folâtrer=, _v.n._, to play, to sport, to toy, to romp, to frolic. _En folâtrant_; sportively, wantonly. =folâtrerie=, _n.f._, frolic, prank, gambol, toying, wanton trick. =foliacé=, =-e=, _adj._, foliaceous. =foliaire=, _adj._, of leaf, of leaves. =foliation=, _n.f._, (arch.) feathering; (bot.) foliation. =folichon=, =-ne=, _n._ and _adj._, wag, frolicsome person; gamesome, wanton, sportive, fresh, frolicsome. _Un petit —_; a little wag. =folie=, _n.f._, madness, folly, distraction, lunacy, frenzy; piece of folly, foolery, foolishness, mania, hobby; country-seat. _Un accès de —_; a fit of madness. _Faire des —s_; to squander money; to carry on. _Qui fait la — la boit_; as you brew, so you must drink. _Aimer à la —_; to love to distraction. _À la —_; madly, passionately. =folié=, =-e=, _adj._, foliated. =folio=, _n.m._, folio. _Un in-—_; (_—_) a folio book. _— recto_; first page. _— verso_; second page. =foliole=, _n.f._, (bot.) foliole. =follement= (fol-mān), _adv._, madly, foolishly, dotingly, extravagantly, distractedly. =follet=, =-te=, _adj._, wanton, playful, frolicsome, waggish; downy (of hair). _Poil —_; down. _Feu —_; ignis fatuus, will-o’-the-wisp, jack-a-lantern. _Esprit —_; sprite, goblin, hobgoblin. =follet=, _n.m._, goblin, sprite, elf. =folliculaire=, _n.m._, (b.s.) pamphleteer. =follicule=, _n.m._, follicle. =follicule=, _n.f._, (pharm.) pod (of senna). =fomentation=, _n.f._, fomentation. =fomenter=, _v.a._, to foment, to feed. _— des troubles_; to excite troubles. _— une querelle_; to stir up a quarrel. =foncé=, =-e=, _adj._, dark, deep (of color); bottomed (of chairs _or_ casks); (meta.) moneyed; well versed in. =foncement= (fons-mān), _n.m._, sinking (of wells). =foncer=, _v.a._, to bottom (a cask); to sink (wells); to deepen (of colors). _v.n._, to dash, to rush upon; to supply funds. _Foncez!_ charge down! _Se —_, _v.r._, (of color) to deepen; (pop.) to be getting tipsy. =foncet=, _n.m._, barge-boat. =fonceur=, _n.m._, sinker (of wells). =fonci-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, landed; ☉deep-seated, thorough. _Contribution —ère_; land-tax. _Propriétaire —_; land owner. _Rente —ère_; ground rent. =foncièrement= (-sièr-mān), _adv._, thoroughly, completely; at the bottom; in the main. =fonction=, _n.f._, functions, office. _pl._, functions, duty, office; working, action. _Entrer en —_; to enter upon one’s duties _or_ upon office. _Faire ses —s_; to perform one’s duties. _Sortir de —_; to retire from office. _En —_; acting, at work. =fonctionnaire=, _n.m._, functionary; officer, office-holder, official. =fonctionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, functional. =fonctionnement=, _n.m._, acting, operating, working, action. =fonctionner=, _v.n._, to work, to act, to operate. =fond=, _n.m._, bottom, end, lower end, ground; groundwork; foundation; depth; center, heart, further end, most remote part, main point; basis; essential part, essence, gist; (paint.) background. _pl._, (print.) inner margin; (thea.) back-scene; (mining) underground; recess; (nav.) flooring (of a cap, crown, caul). _Sans —_; bottomless. _Tomber au —_; to fall to the bottom. _Le — d’un carrosse_; the back of a coach. _— de lit_; wooden bottom of a bed. _Dans le —_; at bottom, in reality. _Le — d’un bois_; the heart of a forest. _Il faut venir au —_; we must get to the bottom. _Voir le — du sac_; to search, probe, a thing to the bottom. _Velours à — d’or_; velvet with a gold ground. _Des arbres occupent le — du tableau_; trees occupy the background of the picture. _Le — d’un miroir_; the back of a looking-glass. _Bas-—_, (_—-—s_) deep water. _Haut-—_, (_—-—s_) shallow water. _Perdre —_; to get out of one’s depth. _Prendre —_; to touch bottom. _Donner —_; (nav.) to cast anchor. _Couler à —_; (nav.) to sink, to run down. _À — de cale_; in the bottom of the hold. _À —_; thoroughly, fully, to the bottom, perfectly. _Fin —_; lowest depth, very depths of, innermost recesses; farthest end, extremity, ends of. _Il possède cette science à —_; he is a thorough master of that science. _Au —_; in the main, at bottom. _De — en comble_; wholly, from top to bottom, irretrievably. _Il est ruiné de — en comble_; he is utterly ruined. _Faire — sur_; (fig.) to rely, to depend on. =fondage=, _n.m._, casting, smelting, melting. =fondamental=, =-e=, _adj._, fundamental, essential, radical. =fondamentalement= (-tal-mān), _adv._, fundamentally, essentially, radically. =fondant=, =-e=, _adj._, melting, dissolving. _Tableau —_; dissolving view. _Poire —e_; melting, over-ripe pear. =fondant=, _n.m._, flux (melting); sweetmeat. =fondat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, founder, foundress. =fondation=, _n.f._, foundation; groundwork; basis, bed; bottoming (of roads); endowment, establishment. _La — d’une colonie_; the establishment of a colony. =fondé=, _n.m._, proxy. _— de pouvoirs_, _de procuration_; private attorney; agent acting under power of attorney, legal representative. =fondé=, =-e=, _adj._, founded, well-founded; authentic, strong; (fin.) consolidated. _Être — à_; to have a right to, to have authority to, to be justified in. _Être — en droit_; to have a just cause. =fondement= (fond-mān), _n.m._, foundation; groundwork; basis; ground, cause. _Jeter les —s de la paix_; to lay the foundations of peace. _Ce bruit est sans —_; that report is without foundation. _Dénué de —_; groundless. =fonder=, _v.a._, to lay the foundation, to build, to erect, to found; to ground, to base, to rest; to establish; to justify; to endow. _— un empire_; to lay the foundation of an empire. _se_ =fonder=, _v.r._, to rely, to rest upon, to be grounded, to be founded. _Se — sur l’analogie_; to be founded upon analogy. =fonderie= (fon-drî), _n.f._, foundry, foundery, founding; melting-house, smelting-house. _— de caractères_; letter-foundry, type-foundry. =fondeur=, _n.m._, founder, melter; smelter (of ore). _— en caractères_; letter-founder, type-founder. =fondis=, _n.m._, giving way, sinking, settling. =fondoir=, _n.m._, melting-house. =fondre=, _v.a._, to melt, to dissolve, to cast; (paint.) to soften; to blend. _— une cloche_; to cast a bell. _se_ =fondre=, _v.r._, to melt; to dissolve; to blend, to coalesce; to be cast; to be merged, to be fused; to diminish, to disappear suddenly, to melt away. =fondre=, _v.n._, to melt down; to melt away; to dissolve; to burst (into tears); to dart, to pounce upon; to make a stoop (of birds); to fall away, to vanish. _Il fondit sur lui_; he pounced upon him. _— en larmes_; to burst into tears. =fondrière=, _n.f._, bog, quagmire, slough, gully. *=fondrilles=, _n.f.pl._, grounds, sediment, dregs. _V._ =effondrilles=. =fonds= (fōn), _n.m._, land, soil, ground; landed property; funds, stock, capital, principal, cash, ready money; stock in trade, business; subject, matter. _pl._, funds, stocks. _Article de —_; leading article. _Biens-—_; landed property. _Acheter des —_; to put money in the funds. _Mettre de l’argent à — perdus_; to sink money (in an annuity). _Spéculer sur les — publics_; to speculate in the public funds. _Céder son —_; to give up one’s business. _Être en —_; to be in cash. _Faire rentrer des —_; to get in money. _Ce marchand a vendu son —_; that tradesman has sold his business. _Un — inépuisable de science_; an inexhaustible mine of knowledge. _— secrets_; service-fund, service-money. _— d’amortissement_; sinking fund. =fondue=, _n.f._, (cook.) dish made of cheese and eggs. =fonger=, _v.n._, to blot (of paper). =fongible=, _adj._, (jur.) fungible. =fongosité=, _n.f._, (med.) fungus. =fongueu-x=, =-se= (-gheû, -z), _adj._, (med.) fungous, proud. =fongus= (-gus), _n.m._, (med.) fungus. =fontaine=, _n.f._, fountain; spring; cistern; tap, cock, plug; (for tea) urn. _De l’eau de —_; spring water. _Il a été à la — de Jouvence_; he has renewed his youth. _Il ne faut jamais dire: “—, je ne boirai pas de ton eau”_; we must never say, “I shall never need that,” _or_ “such a thing will never happen.” =fontainier=. _V._ =fontenier=. =fontanelle=, _n.f._, (anat.) fontanel. ☉=fontange=, _n.f._, topknot (ribbon). =fonte=, _n.f._, melting, casting, cast; cast-iron; brass; smelting; (print.) font, fount; holster (of saddles). _Fer de —_ or _— de fer_; cast-iron. _Jeter en —_; to cast. _Métal de —_; gun-metal; brass. =fontenier=, _n.m._, fountain-maker; turncock. =fonticule=, _n.m._, (surg.) issue. =fonts= (fōn), _n.m.pl._, font. _Tenir quelqu’un sur les —_; to stand godfather, godmother, to any one. =for=, _n.m._, (l.u.) tribunal, conscience. _— extérieur_; temporal jurisdiction of the church. _— intérieur_; spiritual jurisdiction; inner conscience. =forage=, _n.m._, boring; drilling; wine dues. =forain=, =-e=, _adj._, foreign, alien, outlandish, traveling, itinerant. _Marchand —_; hawker, peddler. _Rade —e_; (nav.) open roadstead. _Spectacle —_; traveling show. _Marchand —_; pork-salesman. _Chemin —_; carriage road. _Propriétaire —_; absentee landlord. =foraminé=, _adj._, foraminous. =forban=, _n.m._, pirate, sea-robber, corsair. =forçage=, _n.m._, (coin.) overweight. =forçat=, _n.m._, galley-slave, convict. =force=, _n.f._, strength, might, force; forcibleness, power, authority; violence, constraint, necessity; command, vigor, energy, efficacy; fortitude, resolution; skill, cleverness, proficiency; (nav.) press (of sail). _pl._, troops, forces. _Les —s lui manquent_; his strength is failing him. _Frapper de toute sa —_; to strike with all one’s might. _Être à bout de —s_; to be done up. _Mettre des —s sur pied_; to raise forces. _Assembler ses —s_; to muster one’s forces. _Les —s de terre_; land forces. _La — de la vérité_; the power of truth. _Céder à la — majeure_; to yield to superior force. _Dans toute la — du terme_; in every sense of the word. _De gré ou de —_; whether you like it or no. _— est restée à la loi_; order was restored. _User de —_, _employer la —_; to use forcible means. _Faire — de voiles_; to crowd all sail. _Faire — de rames_; to row with all one’s might. _Maison de —_; house of correction, bridewell. _Il n’a ni — ni vertu_; he has neither valor nor virtue. _À — de_; by dint of. _De —_; a match for. _De — à_; strong enough to; equal to. _À — de bras_; by strength of arm. _À — d’argent_; with large sums of money. _De —_, _par —_; forcibly, by force, by forcible means. _À toute —_; absolutely, by all means, at all hazards. _Travailler à —_; to work hard. _— me fut de_; I was compelled to. =force=, _adv._, much, a great quantity of, a great deal of; many, a great many, any number of. _Je leur fis — compliments_; I paid them any number of compliments. _— gens_; any number of people. =forcé=, =-e=, _part._, forced, unnatural, strained, far-fetched; (man.) overreached; compulsory, unavoidable. _C’est —_; it is inevitable; it must happen. _Vent —_; (nav.) violent, boisterous wind. =forcément=, _adv._, forcibly, by force, compulsorily; necessarily; inevitably. =forcement=, _n.m._, forcing, compelling, compulsion; rape. _— de recette_; compulsion to refund. =forcené=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, madman, mad-woman; furious, frantic, mad, passionate, infuriated; enraged. =forceps= (-séps), _n.m._, (surg.) forceps. =forcer=, _v.a._, to force, to compel, to constrain; to impel; to break open, to wrench, to wrest, to bend, to break through; to run down (hunt.). _— une porte_; to break open a door. _— une clef_; to force a key. _— un cheval_; to override _or_ overdo a horse. _— la nature_; to force or outrage nature. _— sa voix_; to strain one’s voice. _— les voiles_; to crowd all sail. _— les rames_; to ply the oars. _— le pas_; to quicken one’s pace. _se_ =forcer=, _v.r._, to strain, to strain one’s self; to do violence to one’s feelings. =forcerie=, _n.f._, forcing house. =forces=, _n.f.pl._, shears. =forcet=, _n.m._, whip-cord. =forclore=, _v.a._, (jur.) to foreclose, to estop. =forclusion=, _n.f._, (jur.) foreclosure, foreclosing, estoppel. =foré=, =-e=, _part._, bored, drilled; piped (of keys). =forer=, _v.a._, to bore, to drill, to perforate, to pierce. =forestier=, _n.m._, ranger, keeper, forester. =foresti-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, forest, pertaining to forests. _Enlever au régime des lois —ères_; to disafforest. _Garde —_; forest-ranger, forester. =forêt=, _n.f._, forest, forest-land, woodland; roof-timber; den of thieves, shock (of hair). _Conversion en —_; afforestation. _Convertir en —_; to afforest. _Déclarer ne plus être —_; to disafforest. _Une — de cheveux_; a great shock of hair. =foret=, _n.m._, gimlet, borer, drill. =forfaire=, _v.n._, to fail in one’s duty; to trespass, to transgress; to prevaricate; to be false to. _Il a forfait à l’honneur_; he has been false to honor. =forfaire=, _v.a._, to forfeit (fief). =forfait=, _n.m._, forfeit, crime, offense, transgression; contract. _Entreprendre à —_; to contract for, to take by the job. _À —_; in the lump; on speculation. =forfaiture=, _n.f._, forfeiture; prevarication. =forfanterie= (-fan-trî), _n.f._, romancing, bragging, puffing, boasting. =forficule=, _n.f._, (ent.) earwig. =forge=, _n.f._, forge, smithy; farmer’s shop; blacksmith’s shop. _pl._, iron-works. _Grosse —_; large forge. _— de campagne_; (milit.) traveling forge. _Maître de —s_; iron-master. =forgeable= (-jabl), _adj._, forgeable. =forger=, _v.a._, to forge, to hammer; to invent, to fabricate, to contrive, to forge, to coin. _— des nouvelles_; to fabricate news. _— des mots_; to coin words. _Fer forgé_; wrought iron. _se_ =forger=, _v.r._, to create, to imagine, to conjure up, to fancy. =forgerie=, _n.f._, iron-works. =forgeron=, _n.m._, smith, blacksmith. _En forgeant on devient —_; practice makes perfect. =forgeur=, _n.m._, forger, hammerman, contriver, inventor, fabricator. =forhuer= _or_ =forhuir=, _v.n._, (hunt.) to blow, to wind (a horn); to recall the hounds; to recheat. =forjet=, _n.m._, jutting out (of a wall). =forjeter=, _v.n._, (arch.) to jut out. =forlancer=, _v.a._, (hunt.) to dislodge, to start (game). =forlonger=, _v.a._, to spin out, to lengthen, to protract. _v.n._, to get ahead (of a stag). _se_ =forlonger=, _v.r._, to be spun out, to be drawn out; (hunt.) to run a length; to get ahead. _Le cerf s’était forlongé_; the stag had got ahead. =formaliser=, _v.a._, to offend, to shock. _se_ =formaliser=, _v.r._, to take exception to, _or_ offense at, to feel offended. =formalisme=, _n.m._, formalism. =formaliste=, _adj._, formal, precise, ceremonious. _Il est trop —_; he is too precise. =formaliste=, _n.m._, formalist. =formalité=, _n.f._, formality, form, ceremony. _Défaut de —_, _manque de —_; (jur.) informality. =formariage=, _n.m._, (feudal-law) marriage between serfs belonging each to a different lord. =format=, _n.m._, form, size, shape (of a book). =format-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, formative, creative. =formation=, _n.f._, formation. =forme=, _n.f._, form, shape, figure, make; mode, mold, frame; body (of a hat); mold (in paper-making); (print.) form; seat; stall (of a choir); bed of gravel; (vet.) ring-bone; (nav.) dock. _— de soulier_; last of a shoe. _Mettre des souliers en —_; to put shoes on the last. _— de chapeau_; hat block. _Sans autre — de procès_; without any further formality. _En —_; formally. _— de procédure_; law proceeding, procedure. _En la — qui suit_; as follows. _Argument en —_; formal argument. _Pour la —_; for form’s sake. _— brisée_; stretchers. _Dans les —s_; _en bonne —_; in due form, in order. =formé=, =-e=, _adj. & part._, formed; full-grown, mature, matured; set (of fruit). =formel=, =-le=, _adj._, formal, express, precise, plain, explicit. =formellement= (-mèl-mān), _adv._, formally, expressly, precisely, strictly. =former=, _v.a._, to form, to frame, to fashion, to compose, to make up, to bring up, to cut out, to mold, to season; (jur.) to array (a panel). _— une difficulté_; to raise a difficulty. _— une plainte_; to lodge a complaint. _— un jeune homme_; to train up a youth. _se_ =former=, _v.r._, to be made, formed; to be bred, to form, to take, to assume a form, to take shape, to improve; to resolve one’s self into (a committee, etc.). _— une idée de quelque chose_; to form an idea of anything. _Il se formera avec le temps_; he will become polished _or_ improve with time. =formica-leo=, _n.m._, (_—_) myrmeleon, ant-lion. =formicant=, _adj._, (med.) (of the pulse) weak and frequent. =formication=, _n.f._, (med.) formication. =formidable=, _adj._, formidable, dreadful, frightful; tremendous, fearful. =formier=, _n.m._, last-maker. =formique=, _adj._, (chem.) formic. =formuer=, _v.a._, (hawking) to mew. =formulaire=, _n.m._, formulary. =formule=, _n.f._, formula, form; prescription. _— d’algèbre_; algebraic formula. =formuler=, _v.a._, (med.) to write a prescription in due form; to detail, to state; (jur.) to draw up in due form, to formulate; (alg.) to reduce to a formula. _Se —_; to be drawn up. =fornicat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, fornicator. =fornication=, _n.f._, fornication. =forniquer=, _v.n._, to fornicate. =forpaître= _or_ =forpaiser=, _v.n._, (hunt.) to feed at a distance from the covert. ☉=fors=, _prep._, save, except, but. =forsenant=, _adj._, (hunt.) eager after game. =fort=, =-e=, _adj._, strong, stout, powerful, violent, plentiful, copious; severe (of illness); sturdy, robust, lusty, hardy, able-bodied, vigorous, able; hard, painful, difficult; skillful, clever; high (of wind); heavy (of ground, of rain). _Avoir la tête —e_, _l’esprit —_; to be strong minded. _Un esprit —_; a free-thinker. _Un coffre —_; a strong box, a safe. _Colle —e_; glue. _Terre —e_; heavy ground. _Place —e_; stronghold. _Expression —e_; telling expression. _— de poids_; overweight, too heavy. _À plus —e raison_; so much the more _or_ all the more reason. _Le plus — en est fait_; the worst is over. _Être — aux échecs_; to play at chess very well. _Se faire — de_; to undertake, to take upon one’s self to, to feel confident of being able to. _Se porter — pour quelqu’un_; to answer for any one. _Trouver plus — que soi_; to meet with more than one’s match. _C’est plus — que moi_; I cannot help it. _C’est trop —_, _c’est par trop —_; it is too bad. _Voilà qui est —_; come! I like that. =fort=, _n.m._, strongest part of a thing; thickest part (of a wood); stronghold, fort; strength, skill; depth, heat, height; center. _Le — d’une affaire_; the main point of a business. _La raison du — est toujours la meilleure_; might is right. _La critique est son —_; criticism is his forte. _Dans le — de_ or _au — de l’hiver_; in the depth of winter. _Dans le — de sa colère_; in the height of his passion. _Dans le — du combat_; in the heat of the fight. _Au — de la tempête_; in the height of the storm. _— de la halle_; market-porter. _Le — portant le faible_, or _du — au faible_; one thing with another; on an average. _Connaître_, or _savoir_, _le — et le faible de_; to know the ins and outs of. _Le plus — est fait_; the worst is over, _or_ the most difficult part is done. =fort=, _adv._, very, very much, highly, extremely, vastly, exceedingly; hard, forcibly. _— bien_; very well. _Bien —_; very hard, or very loud. _— et ferme_; resolutely; for all one is worth. _Il pleut —_; it is raining fast. _Frapper —_; to strike hard. =forte=, _adv._, (mus.) forte. =fortement=, _adv._, strongly, vigorously, with force, stoutly, forcibly, much; exceedingly. =forteresse= (for-très), _n.f._, fortress, stronghold. =fortifiant=, =-e=, _adj._, strengthening, fortifying, invigorating, bracing. =fortifiant=, _n.m._, (med.) tonic. =fortification=, _n.f._, fortification; redoubt. =fortifier=, _v.a._, to fortify, to strengthen, to invigorate, to brace; to corroborate, to confirm. _Le bon vin fortifie l’estomac_; good wine is strengthening. _se_ =fortifier=, _v.r._, to fortify one’s self, to gather strength, to grow strong; to make one’s self a proficient; to gain proficiency; to make one’s self better acquainted; to become skilled. =fortin=, _n.m._, (milit.) fortlet, little fort. _à_ =fortiori= (-cio-), _adv._, à fortiori, much more. =fortitrer=, _v.n._, (hunt.) to avoid the dogs. =fortitude=, _n.f._, fortitude. =fortrait=, =-e=, _adj._, (of horses) overworked, spent. =fortraiture=, _n.f._, overfatigue (of a horse). =fortuit=, =-e=, _adj._, fortuitous, casual. _Cas —_; mere chance _or_ accident. =fortuitement= (-tu-it-mān), _adv._, fortuitously, casually, accidentally, by chance. =fortune=, _n.f._, fortune, chance, risk, hazard, wealth, luck, success, property; (myth.) Fortune. _La — lui sourit_; fortune smiles upon him. _Avoir de la —_; to possess property, to be rich. _Artisan de sa —_; architect of one’s own fortune. _La — du pot_; pot-luck. _Bonne —_; good luck, good fortune, windfall. _Mauvaise —_; ill-fortune, ill-luck. _Courir après la —_; to hunt after riches. _Brusquer la —_; to tempt fortune. _Faire —_; to make a fortune. _Être en —_; to be lucky, to be in luck’s way. _Manger sa —_; to squander one’s fortune. _Il faut faire contre mauvaise — bon cœur_; we must put a good face upon matters. _De —_; enriched, self-made. _Homme à bonnes —s_; lady-killer; intriguer. _— de mer_; sea risks. _Demi —_; one-horse carriage. =fortuné=, =-e=, _adj._, fortunate, lucky; happy. =forum= (fo-rom), _n.m._, (antiq.) forum. =forure=, _n.f._, bore, hole drilled. =fosse=, _n.f._, hole, pit, den, grave; (hort.) trench; cesspool, pipe; (of the nose) chamber. _Basse-—_; dungeon. _Avoir un pied dans la —_; to have one foot in the grave. _— de céleri_; celery-trench. _— à fumier_; dung-hole. _— aux lions_; lion’s den; (nav.) boatswain’s store-room. _Mettre dans la —_; to lay in the grave. _Mettre la clé sur la —_; to waive one’s right of inheritance. =fossé=, _n.m._, ditch, drain; (fort.) moat, fosse. _Mourir au bord d’un —_; to die in a ditch. _Sauter le —_; to pass the Rubicon, to cast the die. _Ce qui tombe dans le — c’est pour les soldats_; “findings is keepings.” =fossette=, _n.f._, dimple; (play) chuck-farthing; pit of the stomach. =fossile=, _n.m._ and _adj._, fossil. =fossoyage=, _n.m._, ditching; grave-digging. =fossoyer=, _v.n._, to ditch, to dig a trench round. =fossoyeur=, _n.m._, ditcher, grave-digger; sexton. =fou= _or_ =fol=, =folle=, _adj._, mad, foolish, wild, insane, senseless, frolicsome; playful; excessively fond; distracting (of pain); excessive. _Un fol espoir_; a foolish hope. _Devenir —_; to go mad. _Être — de_; to be mad for; to be passionately fond of. _Que vous êtes —!_ how foolish you are! _— à lier_; raving, mad. =fou=, _n.m._, =folle=, _n.f._, madman, madwoman; madcap; mad-brain; jester, fool; bishop (at chess); (orni.) booby. _Maison de —s_; lunatic asylum. _Faire le —_; to play the fool. _Plus on est de —s, plus on rit_; the more the merrier. _Qui ne sait pas être — n’est pas sage_; it takes a wise man to make a fool. =fouace=, _n.f._, buttered roll; hearth-cake. =fouage=, _n.m._, hearth-money, hearth-penny. *=fouaille=, _n.f._, (hunt.) quarry. *=fouailler=, _v.a._, to lash, to whip. =foudre=, _n.f._, thunder, thunder-bolt, lightning. _Coup de —_; clap of thunder. _La — est tombée sur_; a thunderbolt fell on. _Lancer la —_; to hurl the thunderbolt. _Être tué par la —_; to be killed by lightning. =foudre=, _n.m._, thunderbolt; great orator; great warrior, captain, hero; a large cask, a tun. _Un — de guerre_; a great captain. =foudroiement= _or_ =foudroîment= (foo-droa-mān), _n.m._, thunder-striking, crushing; overwhelming. =foudroyant=, =-e=, _adj._, terrible, crushing, dreadful; fulminating, thundering; withering. =foudroyer=, _v.a._, to thunder-strike; to batter with cannon and mortars; to riddle with shot; to fulminate, to blast; to crush, to overwhelm, to ruin, to confound. =fouée=, _n.f._, bat-fowling; oven-fire; fagot. =fouenne=, _n.f._ _V._ =faîne=. =fouet=, _n.m._, whip, horsewhip, lash; whipcord; whipping; whisk; cat, cat-o’-nine-tails. _— à blancs d’œufs_; egg-whisk. _Faire claquer un —_; to crack a whip. _Faire claquer son —_; to sound one’s own trumpet. _Donner le — à quelqu’un_; to whip any one. _Donner des coups de — à_; to whip. _Se faire donner le —_; to get whipped. _Poulie à —_; (nav.) tail-block. _Coup de —_; sudden contraction of muscles of leg. =fouetté=, =-e=, _part._, whipped; streaked (of flowers and fruit). _De la crème —e_; whipped cream. _Tulipe —e_; streaked tulip. =fouette-queue=, _n.m._, star-lizard. =fouetter=, _v.a._, to whip, to horsewhip, to lash, to scourge, to flog; to whisk; to flick; to toss off, to quaff; (nav.) to lash; (nav.) to flap back against the masts (of sails). _Il n’y a pas là de quoi — un chat_; it is a mere trifle. _Il a bien d’autres chiens à —_; he has other fish to fry. _Fouette! cocher_; whip up _or_ faster, coachman. =fouetter=, _v.a._ and _n._, to cut (of the wind); to beat _or_ patter against (of hail, rain, snow); to sweep (of cannon). =fouetteur=, _n.m._, flogger, whipper. =fougade= _or_ =fougasse=, _n.f._, (milit.) fougade. =fouger=, _v.n._, (hunt.) to grub (of wild boars). =fougeraie= (fou-jrê), _n.f._, fern-plot _or_ brake. =fougère=, _n.f._, (bot.) fern; brake; (fig.) drinking glass. _— aquatique_, _fleurie_, _royale_; flowering fern, king’s fern. _— impériale_, _femelle_; brake. _— musquée_; sweet fern. =fougon=, _n.m._, (nav.) cook’s galley, caboose. =fougue= (foug), _n.f._, fury, passion, transport, beat, ardor, fire, spirit, spiritedness, mettle; (nav.) mizzen-top. _Dans la — de la colère_; in the heat of passion. _La — de la jeunesse_; the impetuosity of youth. _Un cheval qui a trop de —_; a horse that has too much mettle. =fougueu-x=, =-se= (-gheû, -z), _adj._, fiery, hot, hasty, impetuous, ardent, spirited, animated, passionate, mettlesome, high-mettled. _Cheval —_; spirited horse. *=fouille=, _n.f._, excavating; excavation; digging. _Faire des —s_; to excavate, to make excavations. =fouille-au-pot=, _n.m._, (_—_) (l.ex.) scullion, turnspit. *=fouiller=, _v.a._, to excavate, to dig; to search, to pry into, to rummage; to ransack, to probe to the bottom; to think out; (paint., sculpt.) to sink. _— une mine_; to work a mine. _— quelqu’un_; to search any one. *_se_ =fouiller=, _v.r._, to search one’s pockets, to feel in one’s pockets; to search one another. *=fouiller=, _v.n._, to dig, to search, to rummage, to ransack. _— dans sa mémoire_; to ransack one’s brain. *=fouillis=, _n.m._, confusion, medley; jumble, litter, mess; confused mass (of foliage). =fouine=, _n.f._, (mam.) martin, beech-martin; martlet; (agri.) pitchfork, fork; (fishing) gig, fishgig, fizgig, gaff. =fouiner=, _v.n._, to sneak away, to steal away, to slink off, to steal off. =fouir=, _v.a._, to dig, to delve. =fouissement= (foo-is-mān), _n.m._, digging. =foulage=, _n.m._, (manu.) fulling. =foulant=, =-e=, _adj._, pressing down. _Pompe —e_; forcing-pump. =foulard=, _n.m._, silk handkerchief; scarf. =foule=, _n.f._, crowd, throng, multitude, concourse, mob, press, shoal, fry, herd, common herd; (manu.) fulling. _Venir en —_; to flock, to throng together. _Entrer en —_; to crowd in. _La — des draps_; (manu.) the fulling of cloth. _Sortir de la —_; _se tirer de la —_; to rise above the common herd. _En —_; in crowds. _Faire —_; to crowd round. =foulé=, =-e=, _part._, trodden down, trampled upon, oppressed; (manu.) milled. =foulée=, _n.f._, pile (of skins); tread (of steps). _pl._, (hunt.) foiling, fusee, slot; (man.) appui. =fouler=, _v.a._, to tread, to trample on, to trample down, to grind down, to oppress; to gall (animal); to sprain; (agri.) to jam; (manu.) to full; (manu.) to mill; (hunt.) to beat (a wood). _— la vendange_; to press the grapes. _— aux pieds_; to trample under foot. _— du drap_; to full cloth. _— un chapeau_; to work a hat. _— un cheval_; to override a horse. _se_ =fouler=, _v.r._, to sprain one’s self. _— le pied_; to sprain one’s foot. _Ne pas se —_; (fig.) to take things easy. =fouler=, _v.n._, (print.) to press. =foulerie= (foo-lrî), _n.f._, fullery. =fouleur=, _n.m._, wine-presser; fuller. =fouloir=, _n.m._, (manu.) beater; (artil.) rammer; sponge-rod; tobacco-plug; plugger. =fouloire=, _n.f._, (manu.) fulling-board. =foulon=, _n.m._, fuller. _Chardon à —_; (bot.) teasel, fuller’s thistle. _Moulin à —_; fulling-mill. _Terre à —_; fuller’s earth. =foulonnier=, _n.m._, fuller. =foulque=, _n.f._, (orni.) coot. =foulure=, _n.f._, sprain, strain; (manu.) fulling; (manu.) milling. _pl._, (hunt.) foiling, fusee, slot (of a stag); (vet.) warbles. =four=, _n.m._, oven; bake-house; kidnaping-house, crimping-house; dark room; furnace; kiln; (metal.) hearth; (fig. and fam.) bungle, mull, mess, failure. _Mettre le pain au —_; to put the batch into the oven. _— de campagne_; portable oven. _— à briques_; brick-kiln. _— à chaux_; lime-kiln. _Gueule de —_; kiln-hole. _Des petits —s_; (cook.) small cakes. _Pièces de —_; (cook.) pastry. _Charger le —_; to heat the oven. _Aller au —_; to go to the bake-house. _Ce n’est pas pour vous que le — chauffe_; that is not meant for you. _Vous viendrez cuire à mon —_; you will have need of me some day. _Faire —_; to be unsuccessful, to fail, to be a frost (fam., thea.) _Faire un —_; to commit a blunder. =fourbe=, _n.f._, cheating, imposture, low villainy, knavery. =fourbe=, _n.m.f._, cheat; knave, impostor. =fourbe=, _adj._, deceitful, knavish, crafty. =fourber=, _v.a._, to cheat, to take in, to gull, to impose upon, to trick. =fourberie=, _n.f._, cheating, knavery, imposture, deceit. =fourbir=, _v.a._, to furbish, polish. =fourbisseur=, _n.m._, furbisher; sword-cutler. =fourbissime=, _adj._, most knavish. =fourbissure=, _n.f._, furbishing; rubbing up. =fourbu=, =-e=, _adj._, (vet.) foundered; diseased in the feet. _Rendre —_; to founder. =fourbure=, _n.f._, foundering; founder in the feet. =fourche=, _n.f._, fork, pitchfork. _—s patibulaires_; forked gibbet. _—s Caudines_; Caudine forks. _Faire la —_; to fork, to branch off. _Faire une chose à la —_; to do a thing anyhow. =fourché=, =-e=, _part._, forked, split; cloven; (her.) fourchee. _Croix —e_; (her.) cross fourchee. =fourcher=, _v.n._, to fork; to branch off; to trip (of the tongue). _Chemin qui fourche_; road that branches off. _La langue lui a fourché_; his tongue tripped. _se_ =fourcher=, _v.r._, to fork, to branch off. =fourcher=, _v.a._, (agri.) to fork. =fourchet=, _n.m._, (vet.) foot-rot. =fourchetée=, _n.f._, forkful. =fourchette=, _n.f._, fork; rest (of a musket); forset (of gloves); sleeve-bit (of a shirt); prop (of carts); wish-bone (of birds); merry-thought. _Les dents d’une —_; the prongs of a fork. _Déjeuner à la —_; meat-breakfast. _— du pied d’un cheval_; the frog of a horse’s foot. _— à découper_ or _grande —_; carving-fork. _La — de l’estomac_; the breast-bone. _La — d’Adam_; the fingers. _C’est une bonne —_; she is a hearty eater. =fourchon=, _n.m._, prong; fork (of a tree). =fourchu=, =-e=, _adj._, forked; cloven; furcate. _Barbe —e_; forked beard. _Pied —_; cloven foot. _Chemin —_; road branching off. _Menton —_; indented chin. _N’avoir pas la langue —e_; to be plain-spoken. =fourchure=, _n.f._, furcation-fork. =fourgon=, _n.m._, van, carriage; (milit.) baggage-wagon; poker (of ovens); (railways) van. _La pelle se moque du —_; the pot calls the kettle black. =fourgonner=, _v.n._, to poke the fire (of an oven); to stir, to poke the fire; to poke, to fumble, to rummage. =fourmi=, _n.f._, ant, pismire, emmet. _Avoir des —s dans l’oreille_; to have a tingling in one’s ear. =fourmilier=, _n.m._, ant-eater. =fourmilière=, _n.f._, ant-hill, ant-nest; (fig.) swarm; crowd. *=fourmillement=, _n.m._, tingling; (fig.) swarming, teeming. *=fourmiller=, _v.n._, to swarm, to abound with, to be full of; to feel a tingling, to tingle. =fournage=, _n.m._, charge for baking. =fournaise=, _n.f._, furnace. =fournaliste=, _n.m._, stove-maker. =fourneau=, _n.m._, stove, cooking-range, kitchener, furnace; (milit.) chamber (mine). _pl._, (nav.) cook’s galley. _— de cuisine_; kitchen stove. _— portatif_; portable stove. _Le — d’une pipe_; the bowl of a pipe. _Haut —_; blast furnace. =fournée=, _n.f._, a batch, baking; kilnful (of bricks); ovenful. =fourni-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, oven-keeper; parish-baker. =fournil= (-ni), _n.m._, bakehouse. =fourniment=, _n.m._, ☉powder-flask, powder-horn; (milit.) belt, shoulder-belt, buffs. =fournir=, _v.a._, to furnish, to provide, to supply, to stock, to store, to procure, to afford; to make up, to complete (a sum of money); to draw a bill; (com.) to meet, to value (on); (fig.) to go over the whole course (of a horse). _— l’armée de vivres_; to supply the army with provisions. _— des défenses_; to furnish means of defense. _se_ =fournir=, _v.r._, to furnish, to supply one’s self; to find one’s self (in); to deal (with). =fournir=, _v.n._, to contribute, to supply, to be sufficient, to suffice. _— à la dépense_; to bear the expense. =fournissement= (-nis-mān), _n.m._, (com.) share of capital; capital. =fournisseur=, _n.m._, contractor, tradesman, purveyor; (theat.) property-man. _— breveté de_; by appointment to. =fourniture=, _n.f._, furnishing, providing, supplying; supply, provision. _Il fait les —s de la maison_; he supplies the family. _— de salade_; dressing of a salad. _Faire — de_; to supply. _—s de bureau_; stationery, sundries. =fourrage=, _n.m._, fodder, provender; forage; (artil.) wad, wadding; foraging-party. _— vert_; green fodder, grass. _— sec_; dry fodder, hay. _Envoyer au —_; to send out foraging. =fourrager=, _v.n._, to forage; to pilfer, to plunder. _— dans un champ_; to forage in a field. _— au vert_; to forage for grass. _— au sec_; to forage for hay. =fourrager=, _v.a._, to forage, to ravage; to rummage; to rake. =fourragère=, _adj.f._, fit for fodder. _Plantes —s_; plants fit for fodder. =fourrageur=, _n.m._, forager; rummager. =fourré=, _n.m._, thicket; brake, jungle. =fourré=, =-e=, _part._, furred, interchanged; counter, secret; underhand (of blows); woody (of countries); mixed (of hay, straw); furred (of clothing); plated (of metals); stuffed (cook.). _Bois —_; wood full of thickets and briers. _Pays —_; country full of woods, hedges, etc. _Coup —_; underhand trick, thrust. _Paix —e_; peace suddenly patched up. _Médaille —e_; plated medal. _Langue —e_; savory tongue. _Toile —e_; diaper. =fourreau=, _n.m._, case, scabbard, sheath, cover; child’s frock; front fork (of bicycle). _L’épée_, or _la lame_, _use le —_; the sword wears out the scabbard; the mind is too active for the body. _Coucher dans son —_; to sleep in one’s clothes. =fourrer=, _v.a._, to put, to thrust; to cram, to stuff; to beat, to knock; to line with fur; (nav.) to serve (cables and ropes). _Fourrez cela dans l’armoire_; put that away into the cupboard. _Il fourre du latin dans ses discours_; he stuffs his speeches cram full of Latin. _— quelque chose dans la tête de quelqu’un_; to beat a thing into any one’s brains or head. _Il fourre son nez partout_; he pokes his nose everywhere. _se_ =fourrer=, _v.r._, to get, to creep, in; to intrude _or_ thrust one’s self, to poke one’s self in; to wear warm clothing _or_ furs; (nav.) to serve (of cables). _Il se fourre partout_; he pokes his nose in everywhere. _Ne savoir où se —_; not to know where to hide one’s self. =fourreur=, _n.m._, furrier. =fourrier=, _n.m._, (obs.) harbinger; (milit.) quartermaster; (nav.) clerk. _Faire le bon —_; to help one’s self to the best pieces. =fourrière=, _n.f._, pound, greenyard. _Mettre un cheval en —_; to impound a horse. =fourrure=, _n.f._, fur, furred gown; (her.) vair; (nav.) service. _— de gouttière_; water-way. =fourvoiement= (-voa-mān), _n.m._, (l.u.) going astray, wandering, blunder, mistake; (fig.) error, going the wrong way. =fourvoyer=, _v.a._, to mislead, to lead astray, to lead into error; to baffle, to foil. _se_ =fourvoyer=, _v.r._, to go astray, to stray, to lose one’s way; to err grossly, to go on the wrong scent. =foustanelle=, _n.f._, fustanelle. =fouteau=, _n.m._, (pop.) beech, beech-tree. =foutelaie=, _n.f._, beech grove _or_ plantation. =foyer=, _n.m._, fire-grate, hearth, fire-box (of an engine), hearthstone; (thea.) lobby, green-room; focus; (of a pipe) bowl; (fig.) seat, hot-bed, source; home. _— des acteurs_; (thea.) green-room. _— du public_; (thea.) lobby, crush-room. _Combattre pour ses —s_; to fight for one’s home. _Aimer à garder son —_; to like quiet, to like to lead a secluded life. =frac=, _n.m._, dress coat, dress jacket. =fracas=, _n.m._, crash, noise; din, bustle, fuss. _Avec —_; with a crash. _Faire du — dans le monde_; to make a noise or show in the world. =fracasser=, _v.a._, to break to pieces, to shatter, to shiver. _se_ =fracasser=, _v.r._, to break to pieces, to be shattered. =fraction=, _n.f._, breaking; fraction; portion; (arith.) fraction. =fractionnaire=, _adj._, fractional. =fractionnement=, _n.m._, dividing into fractions. =fractionner=, _v.a._, to divide into fractions. =fracture=, _n.f._, breaking (with violence); rupture; (surg.) fracture. =fracturé=, =-e=, _adj._, (surg.) fractured. =fracturer=, _v.a._, (surg.) to fracture. _se_ =fracturer=, _v.r._, (surg.) to fracture one’s self; to be fractured. =fragiforme=, _adj._, strawberry-shaped. =fragile=, _adj._, fragile; brittle; frail. _— comme du verre_; as brittle as glass. _—!_ glass, with care. =fragilité=, _n.f._, fragility; brittleness; frailty. =fragment=, _n.m._, fragment, piece, scrap, particle. =fragmentaire=, _adj._, fragmentary, fragmental. =fragon=, _n.m._, (bot.) butcher’s broom. =frai=, _n.m._, spawn, spawning (of fish); fry (young fish); roe, hard roe. =fraîchement= (frèsh-man), _adv._, coolly, freshly; coldly; newly, recently, just. =fraîcheur=, _n.f._, coolness, freshness, bloom; coldness, dampness; floridness, ruddiness; luster, brilliancy; (nav.) flaw of wind. =fraîchir=, _v.n._, to freshen, to begin to blow fresh, to get cool. _Le vent fraîchit_; it is beginning to blow. =fraie=, _n.f._, spawning time. =frairie=, _n.f._, (fam.) merry-making. _Faire —_, _être en —_; to make merry, to be merry-making. =fra-is=, =-îche=, _adj._, cool, fresh, coldish; recent, new; youthful; florid, ruddy; newlaid (of eggs). _Temps —_; cool weather. _Eau —îche_; cold water. _Des nouvelles —îches_; fresh news. _Des œufs —_; new-laid eggs. _Du pain —_; new bread. _Plaie toute —îche_; raw wound. _Du saumon —_; fresh salmon. _Un teint —_; a florid complexion. =frais=, _n.m._, cool, coolness, freshness; cool spots; (nav.) gale. _Mettre du vin au —_; to cool wine. _Il fait —_; it is cool. _Prendre le —_; to take the air, to go out for an airing. _Bon —_, _joli —_; (nav.) fresh gale. _Grand —_; strong gale. _Au —_; in the cool of the evening. =frais=, _n.m.pl._, expense, expenses; charge, charges, cost, outlay. _Faux —_; incidental expenses; (jur.) untaxable costs. _Menus —_; petty expenses. _Les — d’un procès_; the costs of a lawsuit. _Tous — faits_; clear of all charges; all paid. _À grands —_; very expensively. _À peu de —_; at little cost, cheaply. _Constituer quelqu’un en —_; to put any one to expense. _Se mettre en —_; to put one’s self to expense. _Recommencer sur nouveaux —_; to begin anew, to begin over again. _À — communs_; jointly, at joint expense. _En être pour ses —_; to have lost one’s time and money. _Faire les — de_; to bear the expense of. _Faire ses —_; to cover one’s expenses. _Faire des —_; to go to _or_ to incur expense; to take trouble, to make efforts to please. =fraise=, _n.f._, (bot.) strawberry; ruff; (fort.) fraise; (hunt.) start; crow. _— des bois_; wood _or_ wild strawberry. _— de veau_; calf’s crow. =fraisement= (frèz-mān), _n.m._, (arch.) starlings (of bridges); (fort.) fraising. =fraiser=, _v.a._, to plait, to ruffle; (fort.) to fraise; to knead dough thoroughly. =fraisette=, _n.f._, small ruff. =fraisier=, _n.m._, strawberry-plant. =fraisil= (-zi), _n.m._, coal-dross, breeze. =framboise=, _n.f._, (bot.) raspberry. =framboisé=, =-e=, _part._, flavored with raspberries; having a flavor of raspberries. =framboiser=, _v.a._, to give a raspberry flavor to. =framboisier=, _n.m._, raspberry-bush, raspberry-plant. =framée=, _n.f._, Frankish lance, javelin. =franc= (fran), _n.m._, franc (French coin worth $0.193); (hort.) seedling. _Au marc le —_; at the rate of so much in the dollar. =franc=, =-he= (fran, frānsh), _adj._, free, unconstrained, exempt from; frank, downright, open, sincere; entire, full; complete; true, real; mere; arrant; staunch, right; very; whole, clear; (paint.) bold. _— de port_; post-paid. _Compagnie —he_; free-company. _Cœur —_; open heart. _Être — du collier_; to draw freely (of horses); (fig.) to be eager, obliging, honest. _Un — charlatan_; a downright quack. _Une —he coquette_; an arrant jilt. _Avoir son — parler avec_; to speak one’s mind, to speak out; not to mince matters. _— Taupins_. _V._ =taupins=. =franc=, _adv._, frankly, freely, plainly, openly, sincerely; clean, quite, completely, entirely. =fran-c=, =-que=, _n._ and _adj._, Frank; Frankish. =français=, =-e=, _adj._, French. _La langue —e_; the French tongue. _À la —e_; in the French fashion. =français=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, Frenchman, Frenchwoman. =français=, _n.m._, French. _Entendre le —_; to understand French. _Parler —_; to speak French; to call a spade a spade. _En bon —_; in plain terms; like a true Frenchman. _Parler — comme une vache espagnole_; to murder the French language. _Les Français_ = le Théâtre Français. =franc-alleu=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_). _V._ =alleu=. =francatu=, _n.m._, a kind of apple. _de_ =franc-étable=, _adv._, (nav.) collision, foul. =franc-fief=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) a fief possessed by a commoner. =franc-funin=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (nav.) white hawser. =franchement= (frānsh-mān), _adv._, frankly, freely, openly, plainly, sincerely, unreservedly, ingenuously, boldly; really, frankly speaking. _J’avoue — que_; I readily admit that. =franchir=, _v.a._, to leap, to get over; to clear; to pass, to pass over, to overstep, to go beyond, to break through; to cross, to traverse; to surmount; (nav.) to head (the sea). _Il a franchi le fossé_; he has jumped over the ditch. _— une barrière_; to clear a bar. _— les montagnes_; to cross the mountains. _— les bornes du devoir_; to overstep the bounds of duty. _— le pas_; to take a resolution. _— le mot_; to let out the word. _— une difficulté_; to overcome a difficulty. =franchise=, _n.f._, franchise, exemption, immunity, freedom (of a city); frankness, sincerity, openness, candor, plainness; (paint.) boldness, freedom. _Parler avec —_; to speak frankly. _— du coloris_; (paint.) freedom of coloring. _En — de droit_; duty-free. =franchissable=, _adj._, passable, capable of being crossed. =franchissement=, _n.m._, leap over, leaping. =francisation=, _n.f._, gallicizing; (com.) registering as a French ship. =franciscain=, _n.m._, Franciscan, gray friar. =franciser=, _v.a._, to frenchify, to gallicize. _se_ =franciser=, _v.r._, to become French. =francisque=, _n.f._, battle ax. =franc-maçon=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) freemason. =franc-maçonnerie=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) freemasonry. =franco=, _adv._, free of expanse, pre-paid. _Ecrire —_; address, post-paid. =francolin=, _n.m._, (orni.) francolin. =franc-parler=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) liberty _or_ freedom of speech. =franc-quartier=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (her.) quarter, franc-quarter. =franc-réal=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) sort of pear. ☉=franc-tenancier=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) free-holder. =franc-tillac=, _n.m._, (nav.) flush-deck. =franc-tireur=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (milit.) sharp-shooter, skirmisher; volunteer. =frange=, _n.f._, fringe, valance. =frangé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) fimbriate. =franger=, _v.a._, to fringe, to valance. =franger= _or_ =frangier=, _n.m._, fringe-maker. =frangipane=, _n.f._, almond-cake. =frangipanier=, _n.m._, (bot) red jasmine. =franque=, _adj.f._, Frankish. =franquette=, _n.f._, (l.u.) frankness. _À la bonne —_; frankly, freely, sincerely. =frappant=, =-e=, _adj._, striking, impressive. =frappe=, _n.f._, (coin.) stamp; set of matrices. =frappé=, =-e=, _part._, struck; iced (of liquids); strong and close (of cloth); powerful, forcible. _— d’étonnement_; struck with wonder. _Vers bien —s_; spirited verses. =frappé=, _n.m._, (mus.) fall (of the foot). =frappe-main=, _n.m._, (n.p.) hot-cockle. =frappement= (frap-mān), _n.m._, striking, clapping (of hands). =frapper=, _v.a._, to strike, to smite, to slap, to tap, to hit; to make an impression; to affect, to move; to astonish, to surprise; to frighten; to stamp, to coin; to ice (liquids); (nav.) to seize. _— vivement_; to rap. _— avec le pied_; to stamp. _— légèrement_; to pat. _— la terre du pied_; to stamp one’s foot upon the ground. _— monnaie_; to coin money. _— un coup_; to strike a blow. _se_ =frapper=, _v.r._, to strike one’s self; to strike one another; to be impressed _or_ affected; to be filled with gloom _or_ dismay. =frapper=, _v.n._, to knock, to strike, to rap. _— à la porte_; to knock at the door. _— juste_; to strike home. _Entendre —_; to hear a knock. =frappeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, beater; striker. _adj._, striking, rapping. _Esprit —_; spirit-rapper. =frasque=, _n.f._, freak, prank, trick. =frater= (-tèr), _n.m._, surgeon’s boy; saw-bones; village barber; (milit., nav.) barber. =fraternel=, =-le=, _adj._, fraternal, brotherly. =fraternellement= (-nèl-mān), _adv._, fraternally. =fraterniser=, _v.n._, to fraternize. =fraternité=, _n.f._, fraternity, brotherhood. =fratricide= (murder), _n.m._, (pers.) _m.f._, fratricide. _adj._, fratricidal. =fraude= (frôd), _n.f._, fraud, deceit, imposition, fraudulency. _En —_; fraudulently. _Faire une —_; to commit a fraud. _Passer en —_; to smuggle. =frauder=, _v.a._, to defraud, to smuggle. =fraudeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, defrauder, smuggler. =frauduleusement= (-leûz-mān), _adv._, fraudulently. =frauduleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, fraudulent. =fraxinelle=, _n.f._, fraxinella, white dittany, bastard dittany. =frayer=, _v.a._, to trace out, to open out, to mark out; to rub against, to graze, to brush; to make, to prepare, to show. _Qui n’est pas frayé_; unbeaten, untrodden. _Chemin frayé_; beaten path _or_ track. _Le coup n’a fait que — sa botte_; the blow only grazed his boot. _se_ =frayer=, _v.r._, to open for one’s self; to prepare (a way); to carve out. =frayer=, _v.n._, to wear away; to keep company, to frequent, to be on good terms; (of fishes) to milt, to spawn. _Ces deux hommes ne frayent pas ensemble_; these two men do not agree together. =frayère=, _n.f._, spawning-place. =frayeur=, _n.f._, fright, terror, dread, fear. Être saisi de —; to be seized with terror. =frayoir=, _n.m._, (hunt.) fray, rub. =frayure=, _n.f._, (hunt.) rubbing, fraying. =fredaine=, _n.f._, frolic, prank, freak. _Faire des —s_; to play pranks; to sow one’s wild oats. =fredon=, _n.m._, (mus.) trill, shake; (at cards) pair-royal. =fredonnement= (-do-n-mān), _n.m._, humming. =fredonner=, _v.a._ and _n._, to hum. =fredonneur=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, hummer. =frégate=, _n.f._, frigate; (orni.) frigate bird. =frégaté=, _adj._, frigate-built. =frégaton=, _n.m._, frigatoon. =frein=, _n.m._, bit, bridle; curb, check; brake; drag, skid, brake (of carriages); (fig.) restraint; (anat.) frænum, ligament. _Ronger son —_; to champ the bit; to fret one’s self. _Mettre un — à sa langue_; to bridle one’s tongue. _Il faut mettre un — à sa cruauté_; his cruelty must be curbed. _Serrer le —_; (rail.) to apply, to put on, the brake. =frelampier=, _n.m._, scamp, rascally fellow. =frelatage=, _n.m._, adulteration, sophistication. =frelater=, _v.a._, to adulterate, to sophisticate. _Ce vin est frelaté_; this wine is adulterated. _Ouvrages frelatés_; spurious works. =frelaterie= (-la-tri), _n.f._, sophistication, adulteration. _V._ =frelatage=. =frelateur=, _n.m._, sophisticator, adulterator. =frêle=, _adj._, frail, fragile; faint, weak. =frêler=, _v.n._, to crackle (of hair, feathers). =freloche=, _n.f._, gauze-net, butterfly-net. =frelon=, _n.m._, (ent.) hornet, drone; (bot.) knee-holly. =freluche=, _n.f._, tuft (of silk); hair-thread. =freluquet=, _n.m._, puppy, coxcomb, prig. =frémir=, _v.n._, to shudder, to tremble, to quiver, to shake; to vibrate, to murmur, to rustle, to moan; to simmer. _— de colère_; to tremble with anger. _J’entendais — le feuillage_; I heard the leaves rustling. =frémissant=, =-e=, _adj._, quivering, trembling. =frémissement= (-mis-mān), _n.m._, shudder, shuddering, quivering, trembling; roaring; vibration; murmuring (of water); simmering. _— cataire_; (med.) thrill, purring tremor of the heart. =frênaie=, _n.f._, ash-grove. =frêne=, _n.m._, ash, ash-tree. =frénésie=, _n.f._, frenzy, madness, fury. =frénétique=, _adj._, distracted, frantic, raving. =frénétique=, _n.m.f._, raving, distracted person. =fréquemment= (-ka-mān), _adv._, frequently, often. =fréquence=, _n.f._, frequency; quickness (of the pulse). =fréquent=, =-e=, _adj._, frequent. _Pouls —_; quick pulse. =fréquentati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) frequentative. =fréquentatif=, _n.m._, (gram.) frequentative. =fréquentation=, _n.f._, frequenting, frequentation; company. =fréquenter=, _v.a._, to frequent, to keep company with, to resort to; to haunt. =fréquenter=, _v.n._, to frequent, to visit often, to associate (with); to converse (with). =frère=, _n.m._, brother; fellow-Christian; friar, monk. _— aîné_; elder brother. _— cadet_; younger brother. _—s jumeaux_; twins. _Demi-—_; half-brother. _— consanguin_; brother by the father’s side. _— utérin_; brother by the mother’s side. _— de lait_; foster-brother. _Beau-—_, (_—x-—s_) brother-in-law. _— lai_, _— convers_; lay-brother. _— chapeau_; assistant brother. _Faux —_; false brother, false friend. _— d’armes_; brother in arms. _Il est bon —_; he is a jolly fellow. =frérot=, _n.m._, (fam.) little brother. =fresaie=, _n.f._, (orni.) white-owl, screech-owl. _V._ =effraie=. =fresque=, _n.f._, fresco. _Peindre à —_; to paint in fresco. =fressure=, _n.f._, (cook.) pluck; fry; haslet. =fret= (frè), _n.m._, freight. _Prendre du —_; to take in freight. =fréter=, _v.a._, to charter; to freight. =fréteur=, _n.m._, freighter; charterer. *=frétillant=, =-e=, _adj._, frisky, wriggling; fidgety. *=frétillement=, _n.m._, frisking, wriggling; (fig.) itching, longing. *=frétiller=, _v.n._, to frisk, to wriggle; (fig.) to itch, to long, to be impatient. _Les pieds lui frétillent_; he is impatient to be off. _La langue lui frétille_; he is longing to speak. =fretin=, _n.m._, small fry, young fish; trash, rubbish. =frettage=, _n.m._, hooping, binding. =frette=, _n.f._, (tech.) iron hoop, band, ring. =fretté=, =-e=, _adj._, hooped, iron-bound; (her.) fretty. =fretter=, _v.a._, to hoop, to bind. =freux=, _n.m._, rook. =friabilité=, _n.f._, friability. =friable=, _adj._, friable, crisp, short. =friand=, =-e=, _adj._, dainty, nice, fond of; partial to. _Avoir le goût —_; to have a nice taste. _Un morceau —_; a delicate morsel. _Être — de_; to be fond of, partial to. =friand=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, epicure, dainty person. =friandise=, _n.f._, daintiness, dainty, nicety, tit-bit. _Aimer les —s_; to be fond of dainties. =fricandeau=, _n.m._, (cook.) fricandeau; veal-stew. =fricassée=, _n.f._, (cook.) fricassee. =fricasser=, _v.a._, to fricassee; (pop.) to squander away, to waste, to dissipate. =fricasseur=, _n.m._, bad cook; (fig.) spendthrift, rake. =friche=, _n.m._, waste _or_ fallow land. _Laisser une terre en —_; to let a piece of ground lie fallow. =fricot=, _n.m._, (pop.) ragout, stew. =fricoter=, _v.n._, (pop.) to feast. _v.a._, (fig., pop.) to squander. =fricoteur=, _n.m._, (pop.) feaster; fast liver; (milit.) marauder. =friction=, _n.f._, friction, rubbing. _Gants à —s_; flesh-gloves. =frictionner=, _v.a._, (med.) to rub. _se_ =frictionner=, _v.r._, (med.) to rub one’s self. =frictionneu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, professional rubber. =frigidité=, _n.f._, frigidity. =frigorifique=, _adj._, frigorific. =frileu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, chilly; (pop.) funky, cowardly. =frileux=, _n.m._, chilly person; (pop.) coward, funk. =frileuse=, _n.f._, lady’s warm cap. =frimaire=, _n.m._, Frimaire, the third month of the calendar of the first French republic, from November 21st to December 20th. =frimas=, _n.m._, rime, hoar-frost. _Saison des —_; the wintry season. =frime=, _n.f._, (triv.) show, pretense, joke, fun of the thing. _Il n’en a fait que la —_; he only made a show of it, it was all pretense. =fringale=, _n.f._, (fam.) sudden pang of hunger. _Avoir la —_; to feel hungry all of a sudden. =fringant=, =-e=, _adj._, brisk, nimble, frisky; smart, dapper. _Cheval —_; frisky horse. =fringuer= (-ghé), _v.n._, to frisk; to skip. =friolerie= (frio-lrî), _n.f._, dainty. =friolet=, _n.m._, sort of pear. =fripe=, _n.f._, rag; scrap; eatable. =friper=, _v.a._, to rumple; to spoil, to wear out; (pop.) to gobble down, to eat greedily, to devour; (pop.) to waste, to dissipate, to squander. _se_ =friper=, _v.r._, to get rumpled. =friperie= (fri-prî), _n.f._, frippery, old clothes; old clothes’ trade; rag-fair. _Se jeter_, _tomber_, _sur la — de quelqu’un_; to fall foul of any one. =fripe-sauce=, _n.m._, (_—_) (l.ex.) greedy-guts, glutton; bad cook. =fripi-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, dealer in old clothes, furniture-broker. =fripon=, =-ne=, _adj._, knavish, roguish, rascally. =fripon=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, knave, rogue, cheat, swindler, rascal. _Un tour de —_; a knavish trick. =friponneau=, _n.m._, little rogue, rascal, cheat. =friponner=, _v.a._ and _n._, to cheat, to pilfer. =friponnerie= (-po-n-rî), _n.f._, knavish trick, roguishness, knavery. =friquet=, _n.m._, tree-sparrow; (utensil) slice. =frire=, _v.a._ and _n._, to fry. _Il n’y a rien à —_; (pop.) there is nothing to eat, there is nothing to be gained. _Il n’a plus de quoi —_; he is quite ruined. =frisage=, _n.m._, curling, rolling; lattice-work, trellis. =frise=, _n.f._, (arch., paint., sculpt.) frieze; dreadnought. _Cheval de —_; (fort.) cheval-de-frise. =friser=, _v.a._, to curl, to frizz (hair), to crisp; to graze, to glance upon, to touch lightly, to approach, to border upon. _Elle frise la quarantaine_; she is close upon forty. _se_ =friser=, _v.r._, to curl, to curl one’s hair; to fall into curl. =friser=, _v.n._, to curl; (print.) to slur. =frisotter=, _v.a._, (b.s.) to be curled, to frizzle. _se_ =frisotter=, _v.r._, (b.s.) to be curled, to frizzle one’s self. =frisquette=, _n.f._, (print.) frisket. =frisson=, _n.m._, shivering, cold fit; chill; shudder, thrill. _Avoir le —_; to have the shivers. _Cela donne le —_; that makes one shudder. =frissonnant=, _adj._, shuddering, shivering. =frissonnement= (-so-n-mān), _n.m._, shivering, shudder, flutter. =frissonner=, _v.n._, to shiver, to shudder; to quake, to tremble. =frisure=, _n.f._, curling, crisping; curls. =frit=, =-e=, _part._, (pop.) ruined, undone. _Il est —_; he is done for. _Tout est —_; all is over. =fritillaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) fritillary. =fritte=, _n.f._, (glass-making) frit. =friture=, _n.f._, frying; thing fried; fried fish; butter for frying. =frivole=, _adj._, frivolous, trifling, shallow, futile. =frivolité=, _n.f._, frivolity, frivolousness; (needlework) tatting. =froc=, _n.m._, frock, garment (of monks). _Prendre le —_; to turn monk. _Jeter le — aux orties_; to throw off the cowl; to give up one’s profession. =frocaille=, _n.f._, (b.s.) monks. =frocard=, _n.m._, (b.s.) monk. =froid=, _n.m._, cold, coldness, chilliness, frigidity; unconcern; lukewarmness, dullness; gravity, reserve. _Transir de —_; to benumb with cold. _Il est tout raide de —_; he is quite stiff with cold. _Avoir —_; to be cold. _Mourir de —_; to be perished with cold. _Grelotter de —_; to shiver with cold. _Prendre —_; to catch cold. _Il y a du — entre eux_; there is a coolness between them. _Les grands —s_; extreme cold; depth of winter. _À —_; coldly; in cold blood. =froid=, =-e=, _adj._, cold, frigid, lifeless; lukewarm, cool, indifferent, dispassionate, dull; reserved, distant. _Temps —_; cold weather. _— comme glace_; as cold as ice. _— aux yeux_; want of pluck, funk. _Un homme —_; a cold sort of man. _Un homme de sang-—_; a cool-headed man. _Battre — à quelqu’un_; to give any one the cold shoulder. _N’avoir pas — aux yeux_; not to be afraid of one’s shadow, to be game, plucky. =froidement= (froad-mān), _adv._, coldly, frigidly, lukewarmly, dispassionately, lifelessly. =froideur=, _n.f._, coldness, chilliness; lukewarmness, indifference, coolness. =froidure=, _n.f._, coldness (of the weather); cold; (fig.) winter. =froissement= (froas-mān), _n.m._, bruising, rumpling, crumpling; (fig.) clashing; hurt, slight, affront; annoyance, vexation. =froisser=, _v.a._, to bruise, to strike, to dash, to clash with; to rumple, to crumple; to gall, to offend, to hurt, to wound. _Je ne voudrais pas le —_; I should not like to hurt his feelings. _se_ =froisser=, _v.r._, to take offense. =froissure=, _n.f._, bruise, rumple, crumple. =frôlement= (frôl-mān), _n.m._, grazing, rustling, rustle; contact, touch. =frôler=, _v.a._, to graze, to touch slightly in passing; to brush past; to rub (seeds) in one’s hands. _se_ =frôler=, _v.r._, to graze, to touch one another, to rub up against, to brush past. =fromage=, _n.m._, cheese. _— mou_; soft cheese. _— à la crème_; cream-cheese. _— de cochon_; brawn. =fromag-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, cheesemonger. =fromager=, _n.m._, cheese-mold; (bot.) silk-cotton-tree. =fromagerie= (-ma-jrî), _n.f._, cheese-dairy, cheese-trade. =fromageu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, cheesy. =froment=, _n.m._, wheat. _De —_; wheaten. =fromentacé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) frumentaceous. =fromental=, _n.m._, rye-grass; oat-grass. =fronce=, _n.f._, (needlework) gather; (paper) crease. =froncement= (frons-mān), _n.m._, contraction, knitting (of the brows); frowning; frown; pursing; gathering. =froncer=, _v.a._, to contract (the brow); to knit, to wrinkle; to purse (the lips); to gather (needlework). _se_ =froncer=, _v.r._, to contract, to pucker, to wrinkle; to grow dark (of the brow). =froncis=, _n.m._, gathering, fold. =frondaison=, _n.f._, (bot.) foliation, foliage. =fronde=, _n.f._, sling; (surg.) bandage; (wars of the) Fronde (French hist.). =frondée=, _n.f._, sling-shot. =fronder=, _v.a._, to sling, to fling; to blame, to censure; to reflect upon, to find fault with. =fronderie= (fron-drî), _n.f._, (French hist.) riot of the Fronde; riot, disturbance. =frondeur=, _n.m._, slinger; censurer, fault-finder, critic; rioter. =front=, _n.m._, forehead, brow, face, front; boldness, impudence, brass. _La jeunesse au — riant_; youth with its smiling face. _— d’airain_; brazen-face. _Le — d’un bâtiment_; the front of a building. _De —_; in front, abreast. _Faire — à_; to face. =frontal=, _n.m._, frontal; frontal bone; (surg.) head-bandage. =frontal=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) frontal. =fronteau=, _n.m._, frontlet; frontal; (nav.) breast-work. =frontière= (-ti-èr), _n.f._, frontier, border, confine, limit. =frontispice=, _n.m._, frontispiece. =fronton=, _n.m._, (arch.) pediment, fronton; (nav.) poop-rail. =frottage=, _n.m._, rubbing; polishing, waxing. =frottée=, _n.f._, (pop.) a drubbing. =frottement= (frot-mān), _n.m._, rubbing, friction. =frotter=, _v.a._, to rub; to polish, to wax, to dry-rub; to bang, to pommel, to warm (the ear) of. _Se faire —_; to get a drubbing. _se_ =frotter=, _v.r._, to rub one’s self; to provoke (any one); to come in contact with; to meddle (with anything). _Se — les yeux_; to rub one’s eyes. _Ne vous y frottez pas_; do not meddle with it. _Ne vous frottez pas à lui_; do not provoke him. _Qui s’y frotte s’y pique_; meddle, and smart for it. =frotter=, _v.n._, to rub. =frotteur=, _n.m._, rubber, dry-rubber, scrubber, floor-polisher. =frottis=, _n.m._, (paint.) light touch. =frottoir=, _n.m._, rubbing-cloth, razor-cloth, rough-towel, scrubber. =frouer=, _v.n._, to pipe, to call (birds). =frou-frou=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) rustling of silk, etc. =froufrouter=, _v.n._, to rustle. =fructidor=, _n.m._, Fructidor, the twelfth month of the calendar of the first French republic, from August 18th to September 16th. =fructifère=, _adj._, (bot.) fructiferous, fruit. =fructification=, _n.f._, fructification. =fructifier=, _v.n._, to be fruitful, to fructify, to bear fruit, to thrive, to prosper. =fructueusement= (-eûz-mān), _adj._, fruitfully, profitably. =fructueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, fruitful; fertile, profitable. =frugal=, =-e=, _adj._, frugal, sparing. =frugalement= (-gal-mān), _adv._, frugally. =frugalité=, _n.f._, frugality; thrift. =frugivore=, _adj._, frugivorous. =fruit=, _n.m._, fruit; dessert; offspring; advantage, benefit, profit; utility; effect, result; (mas.) batter. _— hâtif_; early fruit. _— indigène_; native fruit. _— tardif_; late fruit. _— à noyau_; stone fruit. _— à pépin_; kernel fruit. _Avec —_; profitably. _— sec_; (school) blockhead, dunce. _Tirer du — de_; to derive benefit from. =fruité=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) fructed. =fruiterie= (frui-trî), _n.f._, fruit-loft, fruit-trade. =fruiti-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, fruit, fruit-bearing. _Arbre —_; fruit-tree. _Jardin —_; orchard, fruit garden. =fruiti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, fruiterer, green-grocer; fruit-woman. =fruition=, _n.f._, fruition, enjoyment. =frusquin=, _n.m._, (triv.) one’s all. _Son saint —_; one’s all; all one’s toggery. =fruste=, _adj._, worn, defaced, corroded (of coins). _n.m._, defaced effigy. =frustratoire=, _adj._, frustratory. =frustrer=, _v.a._, to defraud, to frustrate, to disappoint, to baulk, to foil; to baffle. _Il a frustré ses créanciers_; he has defrauded his creditors. =fuchsia=, _n.m._, fuchsia. =fuchsine=, _n.f._, (chem.) fuchsine, an aniline red dye. =fucus= (-kus), _n.m._, (bot.) fucus, wrack, sea-wrack. =fugace=, _adj._, fugitive; flying; fleeting; transient. =fugiti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, fugitive, gliding, flitting; transient, fleeting, short-lived. _Des plaisirs —s_; transient pleasures. =fugiti-f=, _n.m._, =-ve=, _n.f._, fugitive, runaway, wanderer. =fugue= (fug), _n.f._, (mus.) fugue; wild prank, lark. _Faire une —_; to take to one’s heels; to have a lark. =fuie=, _n.f._, small pigeon-house, coop. =fuir= (fuyant, fui), _v.n._, to flee, to fly; to run away; to elude, to shun, to avoid, to eschew; to shift about; to leak; (paint.) to appear at a distance; to recede. _Ce tonneau fuit_; this cask leaks. =fuir=, _v.a._, to fly, to avoid, to shrink from. _se_ =fuir=, _v.r._, to fly from one’s self; to shun, to avoid one another. =fuite=, _n.f._, flight, running away, shunning; evasion, shift, subterfuge; running out, leakage. _Prendre la —_; to run away. _Mettre en —_; to put to flight. =fulgurant=, _adj._, (meteorology) attended with lightning; flashing, vivid, sharp. =fulguration=, _n.f._, (chem.) fulguration; lightning. =fulgurite=, _n.m._, (phys.) fulgurite. =fuligineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, fuliginous. =fuliginosité=, _n.f._, fuliginosity. =fulmicoton=, _n.m._, (chem.) gun-cotton. =fulminant=, =-e=, _adj._, fulminant, fulminating. =fulminate=, _n.m._, (chem.) fulminate. =fulmination=, _n.f._, fulmination. =fulminer=, _v.n._, to storm, to thunder; (chem.) to fulminate, to explode. =fulminer=, _v.a._, (ecc.) to fulminate, to issue forth. =fulminique=, _adj._, (chem.) fulminic. =fumable=, _adj._, smokable. =fumade=, _n.f._, dunging. =fumage=, _n.m._, lacquering (of silver wire). =fumant=, =-e=, _adj._, smoking, reeking, fuming. =fumé=, =-e=, _adj._, smoked, manured; (fig. and pop.) done for. =fumé=, _n.m._, (engr.) smoke-proof. =fumée=, _n.f._, smoke; fume, reek; vanity, phantom, bubble; dream, vain hope. _pl._, (hunt.) fumet, dung of deer; fumes. _Des tourbillons de —_; volumes of smoke. _S’exhaler en —_; to evaporate in smoke. _Il n’y a point de — sans feu_; there is no smoke without fire. =fumer=, _v.n._, to smoke; to reek, to steam; to fret and fume. =fumer=, _v.a._, to smoke, to smoke-dry; (agri.) to dung, to manure. _— des jambons_; to smoke hams. _— un champ_; to dung a field. =fumerolle=, _n.f._, fumarole. =fumeron= (fu-mron), _n.m._, half-burnt charcoal. =fumet=, _n.m._, flavor (of meat), bouquet (of wines); raciness; (hunt.) scent. _Ce vin a un bon —_; that wine has a fine flavor _or_ bouquet. =fumeterre= (fum-tèr), _n.f._, (bot.) fumitory, fumiter. =fumeur=, _n.m._, smoker. =fumeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, fumous, fumy. =fumier=, _n.m._, manure, dung, muck; dung-hill; trash, rubbish. _Mourir sur un —_; to die in a ditch. =fumifuge=, _adj._, smoke-expelling. =fumigation=, _n.f._, fumigation. =fumigatoire=, _adj._, (med.) fumigating. =fumiger=, _v.a._, to fumigate. =fumiste=, _n.m._, chimney-doctor _or_ curer; chimney-builder. =fumivore=, _n.m._ and _adj._, smoke-consumer; smoke-consuming. =fumoir=, _n.m._, (tech.) smoking-shed, smoking-house; (in a private house) smoking-room _or_ smoke-room. =fumure=, _n.f._, (agri.) dressing; dunging, manuring. =funambule=, _adj._, funambulatory. =funambule=, _n.m._, funambulist, rope-dancer. =fune=, _n.f._, (nav.) rope, line; (pisc.) drag-rope. =funèbre=, _adj._, funeral, funereal, mournful, melancholy, dismal, ominous. *=funérailles=, _n.f.pl._, funeral, obsequies. =funéraire=, _adj._, funeral, funereal. =funeste=, _adj._, fatal; melancholy; baneful, disastrous, distressing; deadly. =funestement=, _adv._, fatally, disastrously. =funiculaire=, _n.m._, cable railway. =fungus= (fon-gus), _n.m._ _V._ =fongus=. =funicule=, _n.m._, (bot.) funiculus, funicle. =funin=, _n.m._, (nav.) white hawser. =fur=, _n.m._ _À — et à mesure_, _au — et à mesure_; in proportion, gradually as, as fast as. _On le paye au — et à mesure de l’ouvrage_; he is paid in proportion to the quantity of work done. =furet=, _n.m._, ferret. _Chasser au —_; to hunt with a ferret. _C’est un —_; he is a ferreter _or_ a Paul Pry. =fureter= (fur-té), _v.n._, to ferret, to ferret out, to search out, to rummage. =fureter=, _v.a._, to ferret out, to hunt after news, to be on the lookout for. =fureteur= (fur-teur), _n.m._, ferreter, Paul Pry; pryer. _— de nouvelles_; news-hunter. =fureur=, _n.f._, fury, madness, rage, wildness; mania, frenzy, passion. _Quand il entre en —_; when he gets into a fury. _Lorsque la — le prend_; when he is seized with a fit of passion. _Cette actrice fait —_; that actress is quite the rage. _Être transporté de —_; to be transported with rage. _Il a la — du jeu_; he has a passion for gambling. _Avec —_; furiously. =furfuracé=, =-e=, _adj._, furfuraceous; scurvy. =furibond=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, furious, raging, wild; furious-looking. =furibonder=, _v.n._, to be in a rage, to fume. =furie=, _n.f._, fury, rage, heat, height; (myth.) Fury. _Entrer en —_, _se mettre en —_; to get into a rage. _Dans la — du combat_; in the heat of the battle. _C’est une —_; she is a very fury, _or_ a termagant. =furieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, furiously; prodigiously, with a vengeance. =furieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, furious, mad, enraged, raging, fierce, savage, impetuous; monstrous, confounded, tremendous. =furin=, _n.m._, deep water, open sea, high seas. =furolles=, _n.f.pl._, fiery exhalations. =furoncle=, _n.m._, (med.) furuncle, boil; gathering; (vet.) ambury. =furti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, furtive, stealthy, secret. _Entrer d’un pas —_; to steal in. =furtivement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, furtively, stealthily, by stealth, secretly. =fusain=, _n.m._, (bot.) prickwood, spindle-tree; (for drawing) charcoal. =fusarolle=, _n.f._, (arch.) fusarole. =fuseau=, _n.m._, spindle, bobbin; distaff. _Jambes de —_; spindle legs. =fusée=, _n.f._, spindleful, bobbinful; (vet.) splint, splinter; (surg.) fistula; (artil., her., horl.) fusee; rocket; (of oars) dolphin; barrel (of a kitchen-jack). _— d’amorce_; (artil.) tube. _— courante_; line-rocket _or_ sky-rocket. _— porte amarre_; (nav.) life-saving apparatus. _Avoir une — à démêler avec quelqu’un_; to have a bone to pick with anyone. _Une — volante_; a sky-rocket. =fuséen=, _n.m._, (artil.) rocket-gunner. =fuselé=, =-e=, _adj._, slender, tapering, spindle-shaped. =fuser=, _v.n._, to expand, to spread (insensibly); to liquefy, to dissolve, to meet; (fig.) to unite. =fusibilité=, _n.f._, fusibility. =fusible=, _adj._, fusible. =fusiforme=, _adj._, (bot.) spindle-shaped, fusiform. =fusil= (-zi), _n.m._, steel (to strike a light; to sharpen knives); tinder-box; musket, gun. _Pierre à —_; flint. _Il fut tué d’un coup de —_; he was killed by a musket shot. _Un coup de —_; a gun-shot, musket shot, report of a gun. _— à deux coups_; double-barreled gun. _— de chasse_; fowling-piece. _— de munition_; musket. _— à piston_; percussion-gun. _— à vent_; air-gun. _— à aiguille_; needle-gun. _Canon de —_; gun-barrel. _Portée de —_; musket range. _À portée de —_; within musket range. =fusilier=, _n.m._, fusileer. *=fusillade=, _n.f._, discharge _or_ volley of musketry, firing, shooting. *=fusiller=, _v.a._, to shoot (down); to execute (mil.). *_se_ =fusiller=, _v.r._, to fire at each other. =fusion=, _n.f._, fusion, melting; coalition; blending. =fusionnement=, _n.m._, amalgamation, fusion; coalescence, union. =fusionner=, _v.a._ and _n._, to unite, to amalgamate; to blend. _Se —_, _v.r._, to coalesce. =fustet=, _n.m._, smoke-tree, Venetian sumach, fustic. =fustigation=, _n.f._, fustigation, whipping, flogging. =fustiger=, _v.a._, to flog, to scourge, to whip. =fût=, _n.m._, stock (of a gun or pistol); shaft (of a column); cask; barrel (of a drum); case (of an organ). =futaie=, _n.f._, forest of high, lofty trees; forest trees. _Demi-—_; forest of half-grown trees. _Haute —_; forest of full-grown trees. _Arbre de haute —_; full-grown forest trees. _Bois de haute —_; wood of full-grown forest trees, timber-trees, timber. *=futaille=, _n.f._, small cask, barrel. _— en botte_; barrel-staves. =futaine=, _n.f._, fustian. =futé=, =-e=, _adj._, sharp, cunning, sly. =futée=, _n.f._, joiner’s putty. =futile=, _adj._, futile, frivolous, trifling. =futilité=, _n.f._, futility, trifle; frivolity. =futur=, =-e=, _adj._, future. =futur=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, intended (husband, wife). _Sa —e_; his intended wife. =futur=, _n.m._, futurity; (gram.) future. =futurition=, _n.f._, futurition. =fuyant=, =-e=, _adj._, flying, fleeting; fleeing, retreating; receding (of the forehead); fading (of colors); (paint.) tapering. _Echelle —e_; tapering scale. =fuyard=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, _adj._, fugitive, runaway. G =g=, _n.m._, the seventh letter of the alphabet, g. =gaban=, _n.m._ _V._ =caban=. =gabarage=, _n.m._, lighterage. =gabare=, _n.f._, lighter, flat-bottomed barge, store-ship, transport-ship. =gabari= _or_ =gabarit=, _n.m._, mold, model, build (of a ship); (rail.) carriage-gage. =gabarier=, _n.m._, lighterman; master of a store-ship. ☉=gabatine=, _n.f._, flam, humbug, hoax. _Donner de la — à quelqu’un_; to bamboozle any one. =gabegie=, _n.f._, (pop.) fraud, deceit. =gabelage= (ga-blaj), _n.m._, drysalting time; excise mark. =gabeler= (ga-blé), _v.a._, to dry (salt). =gabeleur= (ga-bleur), _n.m._, salt-dryer. =gabelle=, _n.f._, gabel, salt-tax, duty on salt. _Frauder la —_; to defraud the excise. =gabet=, _n.m._, vane. =gabier=, _n.m._, (nav.) top-man. =gabion=, _n.m._, (fort.) gabion. =gabionnade=, _n.f._, (milit.) gabionade. =gabionner=, _v.a._, (fort.) to cover with gabions. =gâche=, _n.m._, staple, wall-hook. =gâcher=, _v.a._, to mix mortar; to rinse; (fig.) to bungle, to make a mess of, to botch; to sell under price. =gâchette=, _n.f._, staple, spring (of a lock); follower (of a firelock). =gâcheur=, _n.m._, mason’s laborer; bungler; one who sells under price (fig.). _C’est un —_; he is a bungler, a botcher. =gâcheu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, splashy, sloppy. _Chemin —_; sloppy road. =gâchis=, _n.m._, slop, mess, pickle, hash. _Faire du — de_; to make a hash of, to make a mess of. _Être dans le —_, _avoir du —_; to be in a mess, in a pickle. =gade=, _n.m._, (ich.) codfish. =gadelle=, _n.f._, red-currant. =gadellier=, _n.m._, red-currant bush. =gadoïde=, _n.m._, (ich.) codfish. =gadcuard=, _n.m._, nightman, scavenger. =gadoue=, _n.f._, filth, night-soil, sewage matter; (pop.) trollop. =gaélique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, Gaelic. =gaffe=, _n.f._, (nav.) gaff, boat-hook. =gaffeau=, _n.m._, small boat-hook. =gaffer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to hook. =gage=, _n.m._, pawn, pledge; security, deposit; token, testimony; stake, forfeit (play); (jur.) lien. _—s_; wages, hire, pay; (fig.) assurance, promise, proof. _Prêter sur —s_; to lend money on pawned articles. _Prêteur sur —s_; pawn-broker. _Mettre en —_; to pawn. _Donner en —_; to pawn. _Retirer un —_; to redeem a pledge. _Jouer aux —s_; to play at forfeits. _Casser aux —s_; to dismiss from service, to discharge, to cashier. _À —s_; hired, paid. _Prendre à —s_; to hire. =gager=, _v.a._, to hire; to lay, to lay a wager, to hold a wager, to bet, to stake; to pay wages to, to pay; (fig.) to predict, to be almost certain. _— avec quelqu’un_, _contre quelqu’un_; to lay a wager with, against any one. _— le double contre le simple_; to bet two to one. _— sa vie_; to stake one’s life. _Gage que si_, _gage que non_; I bet it is, I bet it is not. =gagerie= (gaj-rî), _n.f._ _V._ =saisie=. =gageu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._ _V._ =parieur=. =gageure= (ga-jur), _n.f._, bet, wager, stake, stakes. _Faire une —_; to lay a wager. _Soutenir la —_; to stick to a thing, to maintain one’s ground, opinion. _La — est la preuve des sots_; betting marks the fool. =gagiste=, _adj._, (jur.) by pledge. _Créancier —_; pledgee, bailee. =gagiste=, _n.m._, hireling; (thea.) supernumerary; (jur.) pledgee, bailee. *=gagnage=, _n.m._, pasturage, pasture-land. *=gagnant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, winner. *=gagnant=, =-e=, _adj._, winning. *=gagne-denier=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_), laborer, laboring man, day-laborer. *=gagne-pain=, _n.m._, (_—_) bread-winner; means of subsistence, livelihood, daily bread. *=gagne-petit=, _n.m._, (_—_) knife-grinder. =gagné=, =-e=, _adj._, gained, won. _Donner —_; to give in, to own one’s self beaten. _Avoir ville —e_; to carry the day, to gain one’s point. _Crier ville —e_; to make sure of success; to cry victory (before it is won). *=gagner=, _v.a._, to gain, to make; to earn, to get; to win; to prevail upon; to gain over, to bribe; to allure, to attract, to entice; to carry, to make one’s self master of; to prepossess; to deserve; to seize, to come over; to reach, to overtake, to get to, to come to, to arrive at; to catch. _— sa vie avec peine_; to work hard for one’s living. _Vous n’y gagnerez rien_; you will gain nothing by it. _— une bataille_; to gain a battle. _— un pari_; to win a bet. _— la partie_; to win the game. _— son procès_; to win one’s case. _Je n’ai pu — cela sur lui_; I could not prevail upon him to do that. _— quelqu’un_; to win any one’s money (at play). _— quelqu’un_; to draw, to win, any one over. _— la contrescarpe_; to carry the counterscarp. _J’y gagnai une pleurésie_; I caught pleurisy there. _— un rhume_; to catch a cold. _La faim me gagne_; I am beginning to feel hungry. _La nuit nous gagnera_; night will overtake us. _— le logis_; to reach home. _— du chemin_, _— du pays_; to gain ground; to get forward, to get on. _— du temps_; to gain time. _— du pied_, _— les champs_; to run away, to reach the open. _— le devant_; to get the start. _— quelqu’un de vitesse_; to get the start of any one; to be beforehand with any one. _— le dessus_; to get the better of. _— un vaisseau_; to gain ground on a ship. _— la volonté d’un cheval_; to break, to subdue, a horse. *_se_ =gagner=, _v.r._, to gain, to earn, to make, to acquire; to be catching, to be contagious. *=gagner=, _v.n._, to gain, to make, to earn, to get, to reach; to win (at cards, in a lottery). _— à être connu_; to improve upon acquaintance. _Qui épargne gagne_; a penny saved is a penny earned. *=gagneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, winner, gainer. =gai=, =-e=, _adj._, gay, merry, lively, exhilarating, mirthful, cheerful; blithe, buxom, gladsome, pleasant; (of colors) gaudy, bright, vivid; (mus.) allegro. _Vert —_; light green. _Temps —_; exhilarating weather. _Il a le vin —_; he is very merry in his cups. _— comme un pinson_; as gay as a lark, as merry as a grig. _Être fort —_; to be in excellent spirits. _Il est — comme un bonnet de nuit_; he is as dull as ditch-water. =gai=, _adv._, (l.u.) gaily, merrily. =gaiac=, _n.m._, (bot.) guaiac, guaiacum, holy-wood, wood of life; Indian wood. _Bois de —_; lignum-vitæ; (bot.) lignum-vitæ tree. _Gomme_, or _résine_, _de —_; guaiacum. =gaiement= _or_ =gaîment= (ghè-mān), _adv._, gaily, merrily, cheerfully, cheerily, briskly, blithely, jovially, laughingly; willingly, heartily. =gaieté= _or_ =gaîté=, _n.f._, gayety, merriment, mirth, glee; cheerfulness, blitheness, merriness, mirthfulness, joviality, sportiveness, good humor; youthful frolic. _Cheval qui a de la —_; (man.) mettlesome horse. _De — de cœur_; wantonly, out of sheer wantonness. _Être en —_; to be sprung. *=gaillard=, =-e=, _adj._, joyful, joyous, jovial, jolly, merry, lively; blithe, buxom, light-hearted; libertine, wanton; broad; tipsy; sprung (half-tipsy); cool, fresh (of the wind). _Nous étions tous un peu —s_; we were all rather sprung. _Vent —_; cool wind. =gaillard=, _n.m._, lively, merry, jovial fellow; fellow, blade, jolly dog. _Gros —_; great big fellow. _Petit —_; sly dog. _— résolu_; determined dog. =gaillard=, _n.m._, (nav.) castle. _— d’arrière_; quarter-deck. _— d’avant_; forecastle. _Sur le — d’avant_; before the mast. *=gaillarde=, _n.f._, gaillard (dance); wanton; (print.) bourgeois. *=gaillardement=, _adv._, joyously, merrily, blithely; boldly, briskly. *=gaillardise=, _n.f._, sprightliness, liveliness, mirth, jollity; broad, free, wanton language. _Dire des —s_; to make use of free, wanton language. *=gaillet=, _n.m._, (bot.) _V._ =caille-lait=. =gain=, _n.m._, gain, profit, emolument, lucre; winning, gaining. _— net_; clear gain, net profit. _—s nuptiaux_, _—s de survie_; (jur.) whatever is left to the survivor (husband or wife). _Amour du —_; love of lucre. _— de jeu_; winnings. _Tirer du — de_; to profit by. _Vivre de son —_; to live by one’s winnings. _Avoir — de cause_; to carry the day, to win. _Donner — de cause à_; to yield to any one. _Se retirer sur son —_; to retire upon one’s winnings. =gaine=, _n.f._, scabbard, sheath; (of a clock) case; (bot.) ochrea; (archi.) terminal; (nav.) canvas-edging. _— de pavillon_; canvas edging of an ensign. =gainerie=, _n.f._, sheath-making. =gainier=, _n.m._, sheath-maker, scabbard-maker; (bot.) judas-tree. =gaîté=. _V._ =gaieté=. =gala=, _n.m._, gala. _Habite de —_; full, _or_ court, dress. =galactomètre=, _n.m._, lactometer. =galamment= (ga-la-mān), _adv._, gracefully; with gallantry, courteously, in a courtly manner; handsomely, genteelly; gallantly, bravely, nobly. =galane=, _n.f._, (bot.) tortoise-flower. =galanga=, _n.m._, (bot.) galangale, galanga. =galant=, =-e=, _adj._, honest, upright; civil; liberal, generous; gallant, courteous; fine, flattering, complimentary, genteel. _C’est un — homme_; he is a man of honor. _Un homme —_; a courteous, polite man, ladies’ man. _Un billet —_; a love-letter. _Humeur —e_; gay humor. _En — homme_; like a gentleman, gallantly. _Manières —es_; gallant manners. _Femme —e_; courtesan, gay woman. =galant=, _n.m._, gallant, wooer, sweetheart, suitor, lover; sharp fellow. _Faire le —_; to court the ladies. _Un vert galant_; a dashing ladies’ man, a devoted admirer of the fair sex. _— d’hiver_; (bot.) snow-drop. =galanterie= (ga-lan-trî), _n.f._, politeness, gallantry (towards the ladies), flattering, courteous compliment; present; intrigue, love affair; (med.) syphilis. _Dire des —s_; to flirt with. _Ce n’est qu’une —_; it is but a mere compliment. =galantin=, _n.m._, dangler, beau. =galantine=, _n.f._, galantine; (bot.) snow-drop. _— perce-neige_; snow-drop. ☉=galantiser=, _v.a._, to dangle after. ☉_se_ =galantiser=, _v.r._, to admire one’s self. =galaxie=, _n.f._, (astron.) Galaxy, Milky-Way. =galbanum= (-non), _n.m._, (bot.) galbanum. _Donner du — à quelqu’un_; to raise false hopes. =galbe=, _n.m._, (arch.) graceful sweep; entasis; swelling; outline, curve, sweep (of the face). =gale=, _n.f._, itch; scab; mange; scurf (of vegetables, fruit). _Être méchant comme la —_; to be very spiteful. _N’avoir pas la — aux dents_; to be a glutton. =galé=, _n.m._, gale, sweet-willow, Dutch myrtle. =galéace= _or_ =galéasse=, _n.f._, (nav.) galeas. =galée=, _n.f._, (print.) galley. _Coulisse de —_; galley-slice. =galéga=, _n.m._, (bot.) galega, goat’s rue. =galène=, _n.f._, (min.) galena. _— de fer_; wolfram. _Fausse —_; mock-lead. =galénique=, _adj._, (med.) galenic, galenical. =galénisme=, _n.m._, (med.) galenism. =galéniste=, _n.m._, (med.) galenist. =galeobdolan=, _n.m._, (bot.) yellow archangel. =galéopsis=, _n.m._, (bot.) galeopsis; stinking dead-nettle, blind-nettle. _se_ =galer=, _v.r._, (pop.) to scratch, _or_ to rub, one’s self. _v.a._, to scratch, to claw. =galère=, _n.f._, galley, row-galley; organ-builder’s plane; Spanish wagon. _Être condamné aux —s_; to be condemned to the galleys. _Tenir —_; to maintain a galley. _Vogue la —_; happen _or_ come what may. _Qu’allait-il faire dans cette —?_ what business had he there _or_ whatever induced him to get into that scrape? _C’est une vraie —_; it is frightful drudgery. =galerie= (ga-lri), _n.f._, gallery, lobby, corridor; (fig.) spectators, lookers on, company; (nav.) stern gallery, balcony; passage; (mec.) foot-board; (mining) level, drift, creep-hole; (thea.) gallery; (furniture) beading, rim; (for curtains) cornice. _Petite —_; (arch.) heading. _— principale_; (arch.) body-range (of vaults); (mining) foot-board. _— d’allongement_; (mining) main level. _— d’écoulement_; (engineering) drainage, drain-gallery; (mining) adit; offtake; drift; thirl. _— du faux pont_; (nav.) gangway. _— en saillie_; (arch.) bartizan. _Faire —_; to look on (at balls); to be a wall-flower. _— de tableaux_; picture-gallery. =galérien= (-ri-in), _n.m._, galley-slave, convict. =galerne=, _n.f._, (nav.) northwesterly wind. =galet=, _n.m._, shuffle-board; pebble, shingle; shingly beach; gravel; (locksmith’s work) roller. =galetas= (gal-tâ), _n.m._, garret, attic; hole, hovel. =galette=, _n.f._, broad thin cake; sea-biscuit. _Plat comme une —_; flat as a pancake. =galeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, itchy; scabby; mangy; scurfy (of plants, trees). _Chien —_; mangy dog. _Brebis —se_; scabby sheep. _Arbre —_; scurfy tree. _Qui se sent — se gratte_; (prov.) if the cap fits, wear it. =galeu-x=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, mangy fellow. =galhauban=, _n.m._, (nav.) back-stay. _Rides de —s_; laniards of the back-stays. _—s volants_; preventer back-stays. =galimafrée=, _n.f._, (cook.) hotch-potch, hash, mishmash. =galimatias= (-tiâ), _n.m._, fustian, nonsense; balderdash, rigmarole, gibberish. =galion=, _n.m._, (nav.) galleon. =galiote=, _n.f._, galliot; half-galley, bark, boat, ketch, tub; (bot.) bennet. _— à bombes_; bomb-ketch. _— de Hollande_; track-scout. =galipot=, _n.m._, white resin. =galipoter=, _v.a._, (nav.) to pitch. =galle=, _n.f._, oak-apple, gall. _Noix de —_; gall-nut. _—s de chêne_; oak galls. =gallerie=, _n.f._, bee-moth. =gallican=, =-e= (gal-li-), _adj._, Gallican, French. =gallicanisme=, _n.m._, Gallicanism. =gallicisme= (gal-li-), _n.m._, gallicism. =gallinacé=, =-e=, _adj._, (orni.) gallinaceous. =gallinacés= (gal-li-), _n.m.pl._, (orni.) gallinaceæ. =galline=, _n.f._, (ich.) sapphirine garnet; swallow-fish; tub-fish. =gallique= (gal-lik), _adj.m._, (chem.) gallic. _Acide —_; gallic acid; (geog.) Gallic. =gallois=, =-e=, _adj._, Welsh. =gallois=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, Welshman; Welshwoman. =gallois=, _n.m._, Welsh language. =gallon=, _n.m._, (measure of capacity) gallon. =galoche=, _n.f._, galosh, clog; (nav.) clamp. _Un menton de —_; a long-pointed chin. _— de fer_; (nav.) hanging clamp. =galon=, _n.m._, galoon, lace, gimp; grocer’s round box; officers’ stripes. =galonner=, _v.a._, to lace, to adorn with gold or silver-lace. _Habit galonné_; laced coat. =galonnier=, _n.m._, gold-lace maker; silver-lace maker. =galop= (ga-lô), _n.m._, gallop, galloping; (dance) gallop; (pop.) scolding, reprimand. _Petit —_; hand gallop. _— raccourci_, _demi-—_; canter. _Grand —_ or _— de charge_; full gallop. =galopade=, _n.f._, galloping; gallop; (fam.) blowing up. =galopant=, =-e=, _adj._, galloping. =galoper=, _v.n._, to gallop; to run on; to run about; to dance the gallop. _Faire — un cheval_; to make a horse gallop. =galoper=, _v.a._, to gallop; to pursue; to run after; to seize upon. =galopin=, _n.m._, errand boy; young scoundrel; blackguard; rogue, imp. ☉=galoubet=, _n.m._, (mus.) tabor-pipe. =galuchat=, _n.m._, dog-fish skin; shark-skin. =galurin=, _n.m._, hat, tile (slang). =galvanique=, _adj._, galvanic. _Pile —_; galvanic battery, galvanic trough. =galvaniser=, _v.a._, to galvanize. =galvanisme=, _n.m._, galvanism. =galvanomètre=, _n.m._, galvanometer. =galvanoplastie=, _n.f._, electrotype. =galvauder=, _v.a._, to abuse, to scold; to mess, to spoil. =gamache=, _n.f._, spatterdash, legging; (orni.) black cap. =gambade=, _n.f._, skip, gambol; blarney. _Payer en —s_; to pay in excuses. =gambader=, _v.n._, to gambol, to skip, to romp, to frisk. =gambette=, _n.f._, (orni.) red-shank. =gambier=, _n.m._, iron bar; gambier. *=gambiller=, _v.n._, to kick about, to fidget. =gambit=, _n.m._, (at chess) gambit. =gamelle=, _n.f._, (milit., nav.) porringer, platter, bowl, basin, mess. _Camarade de —_; messmate. _Manger à la même —_; to eat out of the same dish, to mess together. =gamin=, _n.m._, boy, lad, urchin, street-arab, chit; blackguard, idle boy, cub, brat. =gamine=, _n.f._, little girl, hoyden, chit of a girl; saucy baggage; hussy. =gamme=, _n.f._, (mus.) gamut, scale; (fig.) comprehension, tone; dressing. _— chromatique_; chromatic scale. _Être hors de —_; to be off the hinges. _Changer de —_; to alter one’s tone, to turn over a new leaf. _Chanter la — à quelqu’un_; to lecture any one soundly. _Mettre quelqu’un hors de —_; to put any one out, to disconcert any one. _Je lui ai répondu sur la même —_; I answered him in the same tone. =ganache=, _n.f._, lower jaw (of a horse); lout, dolt, booby, blockhead. =ganga=, _n.m._, (orni.) sand-grouse. =ganglion=, _n.m._, (surg.) ganglion; spavin. =ganglionnaire=, _adj._, (anat.) ganglionary. =gangrène=, _n.f._, gangrene, mortification; (fig.) corruption, canker. =gangrené=, =-e=, _adj._, gangrened, mortified; cankered, corrupt. =gangrener=, _v.a._, to gangrene, to mortify. _Se —_, _v.r._, to become gangrened, to be mortified; to gangrene; (fig.) to canker. =gangreneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) gangrenous, cankered. =gangue= (gang), _n.f._, gangue, vein-stone. =ganivet=, _n.m._, small penknife; (surg.) small knife. =gannaliser=, _v.a._, to embalm. =gannet=, _n.m._, (orni.) wagel. =gano= (ombre), let me have the deal, “I have the king.” =ganse=, _n.f._, knot, bobbin; edging, braid, gimp; cord, twist; loop (of diamonds). _— de soie_; silk-cord. =gant=, _n.m._, glove, gauntlet, gantlet. _— bourré_; fencing-glove; (fig.) merit, credit, honor. _— de Notre-Dame_; (bot.) throatwort. _Baguette à —s_; glove-stick. _Souple comme un —_; as soft as a glove. _L’amitié passe le —_; excuse my glove. _Jeter le —_; to throw down the gauntlet, to challenge. _Ramasser_, _relever_, _le —_; to take up the gauntlet, to accept the challenge. _Aller à quelqu’un comme un —_; to fit any one like a glove; to suit any one to a T. _Se donner les —s_; to attribute to one’s self the success, the merit (of a thing). _Il s’en donne les —s_; he takes the credit of it. =gantelée=, _n.f._, (bot.) foxglove, throatwort. _Campanule —_; throatwort. =gantelet= (gan-tlè), _n.m._, gauntlet; (tech.) hand-leather; (surg.) glove-bandage. =ganter=, _v.a._, to glove, to fit with gloves; to fit (of gloves). _Cela me gante_; that suits me down to the ground. _se_ =ganter=, _v.r._, to put on one’s gloves, to get one’s gloves (at so and so’s). =ganterie= (gan-trî), _n.f._, glove-making; glove trade. =gant-ier=, _n.m._, =-ière=, _n.f._ (-tier, -ti-èr), glover. =garage=, _n.m._, (railways) shunting; (on rivers, canals) putting into wet dock; garage. _Voie de —_; siding. =garançage=, _n.m._, (dy.) madder dyeing. =garance=, _n.f._, (bot.) madder, madder-root. _Petite —_; squinancy. _— robée_; barked madder. =garancer=, _v.a._, (dy.) to madder. =garanceur=, _n.m._, (dy.) madder-dyer. =garancière=, _n.f._, madder-ground. =garant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, guarantee; surety, security; voucher; warranter; (nav.) tackle-fall. _Se rendre —_, or _se porter —_; to warrant, to vouch for. _J’en suis —_; I answer for it, vouch for it. =garanti=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, warrantee. =garantie= (-tî), _n.f._, warranty; guaranty; warranting, guaranteeing; making good; security, voucher, pledge. _— accessoire_; (jur.) collateral security. _Sous-—_; (_—-—s_) counterbound. _— de droit_; (jur.) implied warranty. _Être — à quelqu’un de quelque chose_; to pledge one’s self to any one for anything. =garantir=, _v.a._, to guarantee; to warrant; to vouch for; to insure; to make good, to indemnify; to keep from; to protect, to defend, to shelter, to shield, to guard. _Je lui ai garanti le fait_; I vouched for the fact (to him). _Je ne vous le garantis pas_; I will not warrant it you. _— quelqu’un de toutes poursuites_; to secure any one against all demands. _— du froid_; to keep from cold. _se_ =garantir=, _v.r._, to secure one’s self, to preserve one’s self, to shelter one’s self; to keep one’s self from; to keep clear of, to steer clear of. =garat=, _n.m._, sort of calico. =garbure=, _n.f._, (cook.) sort of thick porridge. =garce=, _n.f._, strumpet, bitch, beast. =garcette=, _n.f._, (nav.) gasket, rope’s end, sinnet; cat-o’-nine-tails, cat. =garçon=, _n.m._, boy, lad; bachelor; journeyman, man; shop-boy, shopman; porter, office-porter; waiter; groom; (nav.) younker. _C’est un vieux —_; he is an old bachelor. _Faire le mauvais —_; to hector, to bluster. _Faire le beau —_; to riot, to lead a dissipated life. _Brave —_; worthy fellow; trump; dear fellow; good fellow. _Premier —_; foreman. _— tailleur_; journeyman tailor. _Vous voilà joli —!_ a pretty fellow you make! =garçonner=, _v.n._, to hoiden, to romp. =garçonnet=, _n.m._, little boy. =garçonnière=, _n.f._, romp, tom-boy, hoiden; bachelor’s rooms. =garde=, _n.f._, keeping; defence; watching; guard; watch; nurse; custody, charge, ward (of a lock); fly-leaf (of books); low card (at cards); (fenc.) ward, guard; (nav.) anchor-watch; care, heed. _Avoir la — d’un poste_; to have the defense of a post. _— avancée_; advance-guard. _Faire la —_, _être de —_; to be on guard. _Monter la —_; to mount guard. _Monter une — à quelqu’un_; to rate soundly. _Descendre la —_; to come off guard. _Relever la —_; to relieve guard. _La — montante_; the relieving guard. _La — descendante_; the coming off guard. _Officier de —_; officer on guard. _—s du corps_; life-guards. _Un corps de —_; a guard-house. _— à vous_; attention, look out. _Faire bonne —_; to keep good watch. _— d’enfants_; nurse. _Avoir en —_; to have in one’s keeping. _Donner en — à quelqu’un_; to commit to any one’s keeping. _Dieu vous ait en sa sainte —_; God have you in his holy keeping! _Se tenir en —_; to be upon one’s guard. _Il a toujours — à carreau_; he is always guarded against, ready for every emergency. _Fruit de —_; fruit that will keep. _Prenez — à cela_; take care of that. _Prenez — de tomber_; take care not to fall. _Prendre —_; to mind. _Il prend — à un sou_; he looks at a penny. _Ne prenez pas — à moi_; do not mind me. _Il m’offense sans y prendre —_; he offends me without meaning it. _Se donner de — de quelqu’un_, _de quelque chose_; to be on one’s guard against any one, anything. _S’en donner jusqu’à la —_; to go the whole hog. _Être hors de —_; to be completely ignorant of an affair. _N’avoir — de faire une chose_; to be far from doing a thing; not to be fool enough to do a thing; to be unable to do a thing. _Mon chien est de bonne —_; mine is a good watch-dog. _Il n’a — de tromper, il est trop honnête homme_; he is too honest to think of cheating. _Il n’a — de venir_; he will take care to keep away. _Je n’ai — d’y aller_; I am not such a fool as to go there. _Nous n’avons — d’en douter_; far be it from us to doubt it. _Être sur ses —s_; _se tenir sur ses —s_; to be upon one’s guard. _À la —!_ guard, guard! watch, watch! =garde=, _n.m._, keeper, warden, warder; guard, attendant; watchman. _— des sceaux_; keeper of the seals. _— des rôles_; _— des archives_; master of the rolls. _—-national_; national guard. _— du commerce_; sheriff’s officer, bailiff. _— de nuit_; watchman. _— du corps_; life-guardsman. _Les —s du corps_; the life-guards. =garde-barrière=, _n.m.f._, (_—_, _or_ _—s-—s_) gate-keeper. =garde-bois=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—s-—_) wood-steward. =garde-boutique=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) unsaleable goods, old shopkeeper. =garde-cendre=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) fender. =garde-champêtre=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) keeper. =garde-chasse=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—s-—s_) game-keeper. =garde-chevron=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) barge-board, verge-board. =garde-chiourme=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—s-—_) overseer of convict-gangs; warder. =garde-corps=, _n.m._, (_—_) rail, hand-rail; (nav.) life-line; swifter (of capstans). =garde-côte=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) cruiser, guard-ship. _—_; coast-guard. =garde-crotte=, _n.m._, (_—_) splash-board. =garde-éclusier=, _n.m._, lock-keeper. =garde-essieu=, _n.m._, axle-guard. =garde-étalon=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—s-—s_) stallion-keeper. =garde-feu=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—x_) fire-guard; fender; match-tub. =garde-forestier=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) forester. =garde-fous=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) parapet (of bridges, quays); rail, hand-rail, railings; (nav.) lifeline; swifter (of capstans). =garde-frein=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) brakesman. =garde-ligne=, _n.m._, watchman. =garde-magasin=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—s-—s_) warehouse-keeper, warehouseman, store-keeper. =garde-malade=, _n.m.f._, (_—_, _or_ _—s-—s_) nurse, sick nurse, attendant. =garde-manche=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) half-sleeve. =garde-manger=, _n.m._, (_—_) buttery, larder, pantry; safe. =garde-marteau=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—s-—x_) (forestry) hammer-keeper. =garde-meuble=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) store-room, repository, lumber-room. =garde-nappe=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) table-mat. =garde-national=, _n.m._, (_—s-nationaux_) national guard, militiaman. =garde-nationale=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) national guard, militia. =garde-note=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) notary. =garde-pêche=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—s-—s_) river-keeper, water-bailiff. =garde-port=, _n.m._, harbor-master. =garder=, _v.a._, to keep, to preserve; to lay up, to lay by, to save; to tend, to take care of, to look after, to look to, to nurse; to guard, to protect, to defend; to observe; to keep down, to keep on (one’s stomach). _Je garde cela pour moi_; I keep that for myself. _Gardez votre place_; keep your place. _— la chambre_; to keep one’s room. _— la maison_; to take care of the house. _— un secret_; to keep a secret. _En donner à —_; to impose upon. _Je la lui garde bonne_; I have a rod in pickle for him. _— les bestiaux_; to tend cattle. _— les enjeux_; to keep the stakes. _— le mulet_; to dance attendance. _Dieu m’en garde_; God forbid, heaven preserve me from it! _— la bienséance_; to observe decency. _— son ban_; to complete one’s period of exile. _— un malade_; to nurse a sick person. _— à vue_; not to lose sight of. _— sa dignité_, _son rang_; to maintain, to uphold, one’s dignity, one’s rank. _— sous clef_; to keep locked up. _— une médecine_; to keep a dose of medicine down. _se_ =garder=, _v.r._, to keep; to keep down, to keep in; to beware; to take care not to; to abstain from, to refrain; to guard. _Gardez-vous bien de faire cela_; take care not to do that. _Gardez-vous d’ennemis_; beware of enemies. _Gardez-vous en bien_; do nothing of the kind. _Ce fruit ne peut se — longtemps_; this fruit cannot keep, cannot be kept, long. _Il faut savoir se — à carreau_; we must always be prepared for emergencies. =garde-robe=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) apron (to preserve). =garde-robe=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) wardrobe; water-closet, privy; (bot.) southern-wood. =garde-roues=, _n.m._, paddle-box. =garde-temps=, _n.m._, (_—_) time-piece, chronometer. =gardeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, keeper; herd; swine-herd. =garde-vaisselle=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—s-—_) gentleman of the ewry, yeoman of the scullery. =garde-vente=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—s-—_) wood-merchant’s agent. =garde-vue=, _n.m._, (_—_) screen, lamp-shade. =gardien=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._ (-in, -è-n), guardian; keeper; door-keeper; trustee; warden (prison); (jur.) bailiff’s man, broker’s man; superior (of a Franciscan convent). _— de la sainte barbe_; (nav.) gunner’s mate. _— de la fosse aux lions_; boat-swain’s mate. =gardien=, =-ne=, _adj._, tutelary, guardian. =gardon=, _n.m._, (ich.) roach. =gare!= _int._, make way; take care; look out; beware! _— de là!_ clear the way there! _— là!_ look out there! _— de devant!_ make way before! _— l’eau!_ _— l’eau là-bas!_ take care below! _— le fouet!_ _— le bâton!_ beware of the rod! beware of the stick! _Crier —!_ to give warning. =gare=, _n.f._, wet-dock, basin; (railways) platform, terminus, station. _— d’arrivée_, _— de départ_; arrival, departure-platform. _— d’évitement_; (railways) siding, shunting line, loop line. _Chef de —_; (railways) station-master. =garenne= (ga-ré-n), _n.f._, warren. _— forcée_, _privée_; inclosed warren. =garennier=, _n.m._, warrener, warren-keeper. =garer=, _v.a._, to secure, to moor, to fasten; (rail.) to shunt. _— un bateau_; to dock a boat. _se_ =garer=, _v.r._, to keep in shore (of boats); (rail.) to be shunted; to keep out of the way, to get out of the way of. _Il faut se — d’un fou_; we must get out of the way of a madman. =gargantua=, _n.m._, (_—s_) a glutton. =gargariser=, _v.a._, to gargle, to gargarize. _se_ =gargariser=, _v.r._, to gargle one’s throat. =gargarisme=, _n.m._, gargle; gargling. =gargotage=, _n.m._, ill-dressed victuals. =gargote=, _n.f._, cheap eating-house; cook-shop, pot-house. =gargoter=, _v.n._, to frequent pot-houses; to tipple; to cook wretchedly. =gargoti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._ (-tié, -ti-èr), low pot-house keeper; publican; bad cook. *=gargouille=, _n.f._, gargoyle, water-spout; gutter-spout; (tech.) drain-pipe. *=gargouillement=, _n.m._, rumbling, rattling (of water in the stomach). =gargouiller=, _v.n._, to rattle, to rumble, to dabble, to paddle. =gargouillette=, _n.f._, water-jug. *=gargouillis=, _n.m._, gurgling (of water). =gargousse=, _n.f._, cannon-cartridge. _Papier à —_; cartridge-paper. =gargoussier=, _n.m._, (nav.) cartridge-box. =garigue=, _n.f._, (l.u.) waste-land, waste. =garnement=, _n.m._, good-for-nothing fellow, scapegrace, scamp, rascal. =garni=, _n.m._, furnished lodgings. _Loueur_, _loueuse en —_; lodging-house keeper. _Être en —_, _loger en —_; to live in furnished apartments. =garni=, =-e=, _part._, garnished; furnished, trimmed. _Maçonnerie —e_; masonry filled up (in the middle). _Chambres —es_; furnished rooms. =garnir=, _v.a._, to furnish, to provide, to stock; to ornament, to trim, to garnish, to adorn; to line, to fill, to occupy, to mount; (nav.) to rig; to quilt; to serve; (fish.) to bait. _— une maison_; to furnish a house. _— une boutique_; to stock a shop. _— une chemise_; to trim a shirt. _— une robe_; to trim a gown; to line a gown. _se_ =garnir=, _v.r._, to furnish one’s self; to provide one’s self with; to stock one’s self; to fill, to be filled; to protect one’s self. =garnisaire=, _n.m._, bailiff’s man. =garnison=, _n.f._, garrison; (jur.) bailiff’s men. _Troupes en —_; garrisoned troops. =garnissage=, _n.m._, trimming (of clothes); facing. _Bois de —_; facing-board. =garnisseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, trimmer. =garniture=, _n.f._, furniture, trimming; garnish, garnishing; lining; ornaments, set; (nav.) rigging. _La — d’une chemise_; the trimming of a shirt. _La — d’une épée_; sword ornaments. _Une — de diamants_; a set of diamonds. _— de cheminée_; set of chimney ornaments. _— de foyer_; set of fire-irons. _— de rideau_; valance. _— de toilette_; toilet-set. =garou=, _n.m._, (bot.) spurge-flax. _V._ =loup-garou=. =garrot=, _n.m._, (vet.) withers; bending lever; (surg.) tourniquet; packing-stick. _Cheval blessé sur le —_; (vet.) horse wither-wrung; (fig.) injured in one’s reputation. =garrotte=, _n.f._, garrote, strangulation. =garrotter=, _v.a._, to bind, to tie down; to pinion; to handcuff; to garrote or strangle (in Spain). =garrulité=, _n.f._, (l.u.) garrulity, loquacity. =gars=, _n.m._, lad, stripling, younker fellow. =garus=, _n.m._, Garus (elixir). =gas=, _n.m._ _V._ =gars=. =gascon=, =-ne=, _adj._, Gascon. =gascon=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, Gascon; boaster, braggart. =gascon=, _n.m._, Gascon language. =gasconisme=, _n.m._, Gasconism. =gasconnade=, _n.f._, gasconade, boast, brag. =gasconner=, _v.n._, to speak Gascon, to speak with a Gascon accent; to gasconade, to brag. *=gaspillage=, _n.m._, disorder; waste, wasting, squandering. *=gaspiller=, _v.a._, to confuse, to throw into disorder; to waste, to lavish, to squander, to consume, to fritter away. _— son temps_; to waste one’s time. _— son argent_; to squander, to fritter away one’s money. *=gaspilleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, waster, squanderer, spendthrift. =gaster= (-tèr), _n.m._, (med.) stomach. =gastéropodes=, _n.m.pl._, (zoöl.) gasteropods. =gastralgie=, _n.f._, (med.) gastralgia. =gastriloque=, _n.m._, (l.u.). _V._ =ventriloque=. =gastrique=, _adj._, gastric, of the stomach. =gastrite=, _n.f._, gastritis. =gastro=, a prefix from Gr., gastro. =gastrologie=, _n.f._, gastrology. =gastronome=, _n.m._, gastronomist. =gastronomie=, _n.f._, gastronomy. =gastronomique=, _adj._, gastronomic. =gastroraphie=, _n.f._, (surg.) gastroraphy. =gastrotomie=, _n.f._, (surg.) gastrotomy. =gât=, _n.m._, (nav.) landing; steps, stairs. =gatan=, _n.m._, razor-fish. =gâté=, =-e=, _adj._, _part._, spoiled, damaged, tainted. _Viande —e_; tainted meat. _Enfant —_; spoiled child. =gâteau=, _n.m._, cake; honey-comb; (surg.) pledget. _— des rois_; Twelfth-night cake. _— de miel_; honey-comb. _Avoir part au —_; to share in the booty, to have a finger in the pie. _Partager le —_; to go halves. =gâte-enfants=, _n.m.f._, (_—_) spoiler of children. =gâte-maison=, _n.m.f._, too good a servant. =gâte-métier=, _n.m.f._, (_—_, or _—-—s_) person who spoils a trade; underseller. =gâte-papier=, _n.m.f._, (_—_) scribbler, paltry writer. =gâte-pâte=, _n.m.f._, (_—_) bad pastry-cook, bad baker; (fig.) bungler, botcher. =gâter=, _v.a._, to spoil, to damage, to hurt, to injure, to impair, to mar; to taint, to corrupt, to deprave, to make worse. _La grêle a gâté les vignes_; the hail has damaged the vines. _Le soleil gâte la viande_; the sun taints meat. _— du papier_; to waste or blot paper, to scribble. _se_ =gâter=, _v.r._, to taint, to spoil; to be spoiled, to become corrupt; to break up (of weather). _Ce vin commence à se —_; that wine is beginning to spoil. _Le temps se gâte_; the weather is breaking up. =gâterie= (gâ-trî), _n.f._, excessive humoring; foolish indulgence. =gâte-sauce=, _n.m._, (_—_, or _—-—s_) scullion; (b.s.) bad cook. =gâte-tout=, _n.m.f._, (_—_) spoil-all, mar-all. =gâteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, spoiler, waster. =gâteuse=, _n.f._, ulster. =gâteu-x=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, idiot (one who has lost control over the excretory organs). =gatte=, _n.f._, (nav.) manger. =gattilier=, _n.m._, (bot.) chaste-tree, vitex. =gauche= (gôsh), _adj._, left; crooked; clumsy, awkward. _Le côté —_; the left side. _La main —_; the left hand. _Un air —_; an awkward air. _Des manières —s_; clumsy manners. =gauche=, _n.f._, left-hand; left-hand side; left side; (milit.) left wing, left flank, left wheel. _A —_; on the left, to the left. _Tournez à —_; turn to the left. _Donner à —_; to be in the wrong box. =gauchement= (gôsh-mān), _adv._, awkwardly, uncouthly, clumsily. =gauch-er=, =-ère=, _n._ and _adj._, left-handed person; left-handed. =gaucherie= (gô-shrî), _n.f._, awkwardness, clumsiness; clumsy action; blunder. =gauchir=, _v.n._, to turn aside, to step aside, to flinch; to become warped; (fig.) to dodge, to prevaricate. =gauchir=, _v.a._, to warp; to pervert. _se_ =gauchir=, _v.r._, to warp. =gauchissement=, _n.m._, (carp.) warping. =gaudage=, _n.m._, dyeing with weld. =gaude=, _n.f._, (bot.) dyer’s-weed; weld. _pl._, hasty-pudding; hominy. _se_ =gaudir=, _v.r._, to rejoice; to make merry, to make fun _or_ game of. =gaudissard=, _n.m._, bagman; wag. =gaudisserie=, _n.f._, waggishness; broad humor; joke, jest. =gaudriole=, _n.f._, broad joke, coarse joke. ☉=gaudron=, _n.m._ _V._ =godron=. =gaudronné=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) repand. =gaufrage=, _n.m._, goffering. =gaufre=, _n.f._, honey-comb; waffle (thin cake); victim; dupe. =gaufrer=, _v.a._, to goffer, to crimp, to emboss, to plait, to flute. _Fer à —_; goffering iron. =gaufreu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, gofferer. =gaufrier=, _n.m._, waffle-iron, goffer-iron. =gaufrure=, _n.f._, goffering. =gaule=, _n.f._, pole; switch, rod, staff. =gauler=, _v.a._, to beat trees with a long pole, to knock down (fruit). =gaulette=, _n.f._, small switch, small pole. =gaulis=, _n.m._, small wood, chip-wood; copse, coppice. =gaulois=, =-e=, _adj._, Gaulish, Gallic; (fig.) old-fashioned. =gaulois=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, Gaul; plain talker. =gaulois=, _n.m._, Gallic language. _C’est du —_; (fig.) it is an old-fashioned expression. =gaupe=, _n.f._, slut, trollop. _se_ =gausser=, _v.r._, (pop.) to banter, to jeer, to make game of. _Il se gausse de tout le monde_; he makes game of everybody. _V._ =gosser=. =gausserie= (gô-srî), _n.f._, bantering, banter. =gausseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, banterer. =gausseu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, bantering, mocking. =gavauche=, _n.m._, (nav.) disorder, confusion. =gave=, _n.m._, torrent, mountain stream (in the Pyrenees). =gaver=, _v.a._, (pop.) to cram, to gorge (with food). _Se —_, _v.r._, to cram one’s self with food, to gorge. =gavion= _or_ =gaviot=, _n.m._, (pop.) throat. =gavotte=, _n.f._, gavotte (kind of dance). =gayac=, _n.m._ _V._ =gaïac=. =gaz= (gâz), _n.m._, gas, gas-light, gas-lighting; (med.) flatus, wind. _— étouffant_; choke-damp. _Eclairage au —_; lighting with gas. _Un conduit de —_; a gas-pipe. _Bec de —_; gas-burner. _Jet de —_; jet of gas. _Usine à —_; gas-works. _Fermer le bec de —_; to turn off the gas. _Ouvrir le bec de —_; to turn on the gas. _Réservoir de —_; gas-holder. _Au —_; by gas-light. _Lustre à —_; gasalier. _Compteur à —_; gas-meter. =gaze=, _n.f._, gauze, vail, gloss. =gazé=, =-e=, _adj._, vailed, softened, toned down. _n.m._, hawthorn-butterfly. =gazéifier=, _v.a._, (chem.) to gasify. _se_ =gazéifier=, _v.r._, to gasify. =gazéiforme=, _adj._, (chem.) gasiform. =gazelle=, _n.f._, gazelle. =gazer=, _v.a._, to cover with gauze; to gloss over, to tone down. =gazette=, _n.f._, gazette; newspaper; (fig.) newsmonger, blab. =gazeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (chem.) gaseous; aerated. _Limonade —se_; effervescing lemonade. =gazier=, _n.m.f._, gauze-maker. _m._, gas-fitter. =gazomètre=, _n.m._, gasometer. =gazométrie=, _n.f._, gasometry. =gazon=, _n.m._, grass; turf; sward, grass-plot; lawn; (fort.) gazon. _Parterre de —_; grass-plot. _Abonder en —_; to abound in grass. =gazonnant=, _adj._, (gard.) producing grass. =gazonnement= _or_ =gazonnage= (ga-zo-n-mān), _n.m._, turfing. =gazonner=, _v.a._, to cover with turf, to turf. *=gazouillement=, _n.m._, chirping, warbling (of birds); purling, bubbling (of a brook); prattle. *=gazouiller=, _v.n._, to chirp, to warble; to prattle; to twitter; to lisp; to murmur. _Cet enfant commence à —_; that child begins to prattle. =gazouillis=, _n.m._, warbling, twitter. =geai= (jè), _n.m._, (orni.) jay. =géant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, giant, giantess. _Aller à pas de —_; to stride like a giant. =géant=, =-e=, _adj._, gigantic. =gecko=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) gecko. =géhenne= (-è-n), _n.f._, gehenna, hell. =geindre= (geignant, geint), _v.n._, to whine, to moan; to complain. =gélatine=, _n.f._, gelatine. =gélatineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, gelatinous. =gélatinifier=, _v.a._, to gelatinate. _se_ =gélatinifier=, _v.r._, to gelatinate. =gelé=, =-e=, _part._, frozen, frost-bitten. _Il a le bec —_; he is tongue-tied. _Je suis —_; I am quite frozen. _La rivière a —_; the river is frozen. _Les doigts lui ont —_; his fingers were frozen. =gelée=, _n.f._, frost; (cook.) jelly. _— blanche_; white frost, hoar-frost. _— de groseille_; currant jelly. =geler=, _v.a._, to freeze. _se_ =geler=, _v.r._, to freeze. =geler=, _v.n._, to freeze. _Il gèle_; it freezes. _Il gèle à pierre fendre_; it is freezing very hard. =géli-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, split, cracked by frost. ☉=geline=, _n.f._, hen, fat hen. =gelinotte=, _n.f._, young fat pullet, barn-door fowl. _— des bois_; hazel-hen. =gélivure=, _n.f._, crack (caused by frost). =gémeaux=, _n.m.pl._, (astron.) Gemini, the Twins; (agri.) meadows mowed twice a year. =géminé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) geminate, double; (jur.) reiterated. =gémir=, _v.n._, to groan, to moan, to sigh; to lament, to bewail; to grieve; to repine. _— de douleur_; to groan with pain. _— sous le joug_; to groan under the yoke. _Je gémis de votre erreur_; I bewail your error. _Faire — la presse_; to print away; to keep the press going. =gémissant=, =-e=, _adj._, moaning, lamenting. =gémissement= (gé-mis-mān), _n.m._, groan, moan, wail; complaint, lamentation; groaning, moaning, bewailing. _Pousser un —_; to utter a groan. =gemmation= (jèm-ma-), _n.f._, gemmation; budding. =gemmé=, =-e=, _adj._, of gems. _Des pierres —s_; gems. _Sel —_; rock-salt. =gemme=, _n.f._, (bot.) gem; leaf-bud; (min.) gem. =gemmer=, _v.n._, to bud, to germinate. =gemmer=, _v.a._, to tap a tree (for resin). =gemmiforme=, _adj._, (bot.) bud-shaped. =gemmipare= (jèm-mi-), _adj._, gemmiparous. =gémonies=, _n.f.pl._, (antiq.) gemoniæ. (fig.) pillory, gibbet. =génal=, _adj._, (anat.) of the cheeks. =gênant=, =-e=, _adj._, troublesome, embarrassing, uneasy, difficult; incommodious, awkward; inconvenient. =gencive=, _n.f._, gum (of the teeth). =gendarme=, _n.m._, (armed) policeman; ☉man-at-arms; constable; gendarme; virago (woman); (b.s.) thief-taker; flaw (in a diamond). _pl._, sparks. _C’est un vrai —_; she is a regular termagant. ☉=gendarmer=, _v.a._, to dragoon. _se_ =gendarmer=, _v.r._, to resist, to struggle; to fly into a passion; to get into a rage. =gendarmerie=, _n.f._, gendarmerie (armed) police; constabulary (French horse and foot police). =gendarmeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, flawy, spotty. =gendre=, _n.m._, son-in-law. =gêne=, _n.f._, ☉rack, torture; constraint, difficulty, uneasiness; inconvenience, annoyance, difficulty, trouble; torment; narrow circumstances; embarrassment, pecuniary difficulty, straits, penury. _Être à la —_; to be uneasy, uncomfortable. _Sans —_; unconstrained, unrestrained, free, familiar, offhand; at home. _Mettre à la —_; to put any one to trouble. _Se mettre l’esprit à la —_; to rack one’s brains. _Être sans —_; to be free and easy. _Se donner de la — pour quelque chose_; to make one’s self uneasy about anything. _Connaître la —_; to know what want is. _Où il y a de la — il n’y a pas de plaisir_; there’s nothing like making one’s self at home. =gêné=, =-e=, _part._, constrained, uneasy; short of cash. _Air —_; constrained air. _N’être pas —_; to be too free, too familiar. _Il est plus gênant que —_; he doesn’t mind being unpleasant to others. =généalogie=, _n.f._, genealogy; pedigree. =généalogique=, _adj._, genealogical. =généalogiste=, _n.m._, genealogist. =génépi= _or_ =génipi=, _n.m._, (bot.) artemisia; Alpine wormwood. =gêner=, _v.a._, to impede, to obstruct; to thwart; to trouble, to inconvenience, to incommode, to be in the way of any one; to put restraint upon; to disturb, to embarrass, to annoy; to cramp, to pinch, to hurt. _Ce soulier me gêne_; this shoe pinches me. _La présence de cet homme me gênait_; the presence of that man annoyed me. _Il me gêne dans mes projets_; he thwarts me in my plans. _Est ce que je vous gêne?_ am I in your way? _se_ =gêner=, _v.r._, to constrain one’s self, to put one’s self out of the way, to put one’s self to inconvenience. _On ne doit pas se — entre amis_; there is no need of ceremony among friends. _Ne pas se —_; not to hesitate, not to mince matters. _Ne vous gênez pas_; don’t stand upon ceremony; make yourself quite at home. =général=, _n.m._, (log., milit.) general. _— de brigade_; brigadier-general. _— de division_; lieutenant-general; major-general. _En —_; in general, generally. =général=, =-e=, _adj._, general. =généralat=, _n.m._, generalship. =générale=, _n.f._, (milit.) fire-drum, general. =généralement= (-ral-mān), _adv._, generally, in general. =généralisat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, generalizing. =généralisation=, _n.f._, generalization. =généraliser=, _v.a._, to generalize. =généralissime=, _n.m._, generalissimo, commander-in-chief. =généralité=, _n.f._, generality. =générat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, generating, generative, genial. =générat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, generator. =générati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, generative. =génération=, _n.f._, generation, descent, production; genesis. _De — en —_; from generation to generation. =généreusement= (-reûz-mān), _adv._, generously, bountifully, munificently; stoutly, bravely. =généreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, generous, noble; liberal, benevolent, bountiful; courageous. =générique=, _adj._, generic. =générosité=, _n.f._, generosity, liberality, benevolence. =genèse=, _n.f._, Genesis. =genestrolle=, _n.f._, (bot.) dyer’s-broom, greenweed. =genêt=, _n.m._, (bot.) broom. _— épineux_. _V._ =ajonc=. =genet=, _n.m._, jennet; Spanish horse. =généthliaque=, _n.m._, genethliac, birthday poem. =généthliaque=, _adj._, genethliacal. =genétière=, _n.f._, broom-field. =genêtrelle=, _n.f._, greenweed. =genette=, _n.f._, (mam.) genet, ring-curb-bit, civet; (bot.) genista. _à la_ =genette=, _adv._, with short stirrups. =génevois=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Genevese. =genévrette=, _n.f._, juniper wine. =genévrier=, _n.m._, juniper-tree. =géniculé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) geniculated. =génie=, _n.m._, genius; spirit; nature; bent, talent; (milit.) engineers. _Suivre son —_; to follow the bent of one’s genius. _Le — d’une langue_; the genius of a language. _Le corps du —_; (milit.) the engineers. _Soldat du —_; sapper and miner. _Garde du —_; barrack-master. =genièvre=, _n.m._, juniper-berry; juniper-tree; gin. =génisse=, _n.f._, heifer. =génital=, =-e=, _adj._, genital. =géniteur=, _n.m._, (b.s.) generator. =génitif=, _n.m._, (gram.) genitive. _Au —_; in the genitive case. ☉=géniture=, _n.f._, (jest.) offspring. =génois=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Genoese. =genope=, _n.f._, (nav.) seizing, lashing, belaying. =genoper=, _v.a._, (nav.) to seize, to lash, to belay. =genou=, _n.m._, knee; (nav.) lower futtock; (mec.) bail and socket. _pl._, lap. _Être à —x_; to be on one’s knees. _Se mettre à —x_; to kneel. _Tenir un enfant sur ses —x_; to hold a child on one’s lap. _Fléchir le —_; to bend the knee. _Tomber aux —x de quelqu’un_; to fall at any one’s feet. _— de la rame_; arm of an oar. *=genouillère=, _n.f._, knee-piece (of armor); top (of a boot); knee-cap; pulley-piece. =génovéfain=, _n.m._, canon of St. Geneviève. =genre=, _n.m._, genus; species; kind, sort; fashion, taste; style, manner; course, line; airs, affectation, mannerism, attitudinizing; gender; (paint.) genre. _Le — humain_; mankind. _Un — de vie_; a course of life. _Il a un — qui lui est propre_; he has a style peculiar to himself. _Le — tragique_; tragedy. _Le — comique_; comedy. _De bon —_; gentlemanly, ladylike. _De mauvais —_; ungentlemanly, unladylike. =gens= (jān), _n.m._, people, persons, folk, men, hands; domestics, servants, attendants. _Ce sont des — fort dangereux_, _de fort dangereuses —_; they are very dangerous people. _Des — fins_, _de fines —_; cunning folk. _Tous les — de bien_; all honest people. _Tous les habiles —_; all clever people. _Toutes les vieilles —_; all old people. _Les petites —_; humble people. _— de lettres_; men of letters. _— de guerre_; soldiers. _— d’église_; churchmen. _— d’affaires_; men of business. _Le droit des —_; the law of nations. _Il y a — et —_; there are people of all sorts. _Les vieilles — sont prudents_; old people are prudent. _À — de village trompette de bois_; rough tools for rough work. [_Gens_ requires all adjectives that follow it to be in the _masculine_, and all those that precede it to be in the _feminine_. The masculine, however, is used before _gens_, when the word _tous_ alone precedes it, or when _tous_ is accompanied by an adjective having the same termination for both genders. When _gens_ more particularly refers to men, as in the expressions, _gens de lettres_, _gens de loi_, etc., the adjectives that precede _gens_ are also put in the masculine.] =gent=, _n.f._, (jest.) nation, people, race, tribe. _La — marécageuse_; the marshy tribe. =gentiane=, _n.f._, (bot.) gentian. =gentianelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) gentianella. =gentil= (-ti), _n._ and _adj._ _m._, Gentile. =gentil=, =-le=, _adj._, pretty, nice, amiable; graceful, pleasing; (iron.) ridiculous, pretty, fine. _Un — métier!_ a fine occupation, indeed! _Un — enfant_; a pretty, amiable child. =gentil=, _n.m._, =-le=, _n.f._, pretty person. _Faire le —_; to affect graceful manners. *=gentilhomme= (-ti-iom), _n.m._, (_gentilshommes_) (-ti-zom), nobleman, gentleman. _— à lièvre_; poor country squire. *=gentilhommerie= (-ti-io-mrî), _n.f._, nobility, gentry, gentility. *=gentilhommière= (-ti-io-mièr), _n.f._, small country-seat. =gentilité=, _n.f._, or =gentilisme=, _n.m._, Gentile nations; heathenism. *=gentillâtre=, _n.m._, lordling; squireen. *=gentillesse=, _n.f._, prettiness, gracefulness; pretty thing, pretty thought; (b.s.) pretty trick; fine trick. _Voilà de vos —s_; these are some of your fine tricks. =gentillet=, =-te=, _adj._, rather nice; rather pretty. =gentiment=, _adv._, prettily, gracefully; (iron.) nicely, like a good boy or girl. =génuflexion=, _n.f._, genuflexion, kneeling. =géocentrique=, _adj._, (astron.) geocentric. =géodésie=, _n.f._, geodesy. =géodésique=, _adj._, geodesical. =géognosie=, _n.f._, geognosy. =géognostique=, _adj._, geognostic. =géogonie=, _n.f._, geogony. =géogonique=, _adj._, geogonic. =géographe=, _n.m._, geographer. _Ingénieur-—_; (_—s-—s_) geographical engineer. =géographie=, _n.f._, geography. _Cartes de —_; (geographical) maps. =géographique=, _adj._, geographical. =géographiquement=, _adv._, geographically. =geôlage= (jô-), _n.m._, gaol fee. =geôle= (jôl), _n.f._, gaol, jail, prison. =geôlier= (jô-lié), _n.m._, gaoler, jailer. =geôlière=, _n.f._, gaoler’s wife. =géologie=, _n.f._, geology. =géologique=, _adj._, geological. =géologue= (-log), _n.m._, geologist. =géomance= _or_ =géomancie=, _n.f._, geomancy. =géomancien= (-ci-in), _n.m._, geomancer. =géométral=, =-e=, _adj._, geometrical. _Plan —_; ground-plan. =géométralement= (-tral-mān), _adv._, geometrically. =géomètre=, _n.m._, geometrician, geometer. =géométrie=, _n.f._, geometry. =géométrique=, _adj._, geometrical. =géométriquement= (-trik-mān), _adv._, geometrically. =géoponique=, _adj._, geoponic. =géorama=, _n.m._, georama. =géorgien=, =-ne=, _n._ and _adj._, Georgian. =géorgique=, _adj._, Georgic. =géorgiques=, _n.f.pl._, Vergil’s Georgics. =géoscopie=, _n.f._, geoscopy. =gérance=, _n.f._, management; managership; editorship. =géranium= (-om), _n.m._, (bot.) geranium. =gérant=, _n.m._, manager, conductor; (com.) principal; responsible editor. _— à bord_; (nav.) ship’s husband. =gerbe=, _n.f._, sheaf; bundle, lot. =gerbée=, _n.f._, bundle of straw (unthrashed). =gerber=, _v.a._, to make up, to bind into sheaves. _— des tonneaux_; to pile casks upon each other. =gerbier=, _n.m._, corn-stack. =gerbière=, _n.f._, harvest-wagon. =gerbillon=, _n.m._, small sheaf. =gerboise=, _n.f._, (mam.) jumping mouse. =gerce=, _n.f._, (ent.) (pop.) tinea, clothes-moth; chap, crack. =gercer=, _v.a._, to chap; to crack. _Le froid gerce les lèvres_; cold weather chaps the lips. _se_ =gercer=, _v.r._, to chap, to crack. =gercer=, _v.n._, to chap, to crack. =gerçure=, _n.f._, chap; crack; chink, cleft. =gérer=, _v.a._, to manage, to administer, to conduct. =gerfaut=, _n.m._, (orni.) gerfalcon. =germain=, =-e=, _adj._, german, first. _Cousin —_, _cousine —e_; cousin-german, first-cousin. _Issu de —_; second-cousin. _Il a le — sur moi_; he is cousin-german to my father, to my mother. =germain=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (jur.) brother, sister (of the whole blood). =germain=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, German (native of ancient Germany). =germandrée=, _n.f._, (bot.) germander. =germanique=, _adj._, Germanic. =germanisme=, _n.m._, germanism. =germe=, _n.m._, germ; bud; seed; sprout, shoot; (bot.) ovarium. _Pousser des —s_; to sprout. =germer=, _v.n._, to shoot, to spring up, to sprout, to bud. _Le blé commence à —_; the corn is beginning to spring up. =germinal=, =-e=, _adj._, germinal. =germinal=, _n.m._, Germinal, the seventh month of the calendar of the first French republic, from March 21st to April 19th. =germinati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, germinal. =germination=, _n.f._, (bot.) germination. =germoir=, _n.m._, malt-house. =géroflier=, _n.m._, clove-tree. =gérondif=, _n.m._, (gram.) gerund. =géronte=, _n.m._, (_—s_) silly old man, old dotard. =gerzeau=, _n.m._, (bot.) (pop.) fennel-flower. =gésier=, _n.m._, gizzard; pannel (of a hawk). ☉=gésir=, _v.n._, to lie. _Ci-gît_; here lies. _C’est là que gît le lièvre_; there’s the rub; that’s the main point. =gesse=, _n.f._, (bot.) vetch. =gestation=, _n.f._, gestation. =gestatoire=, _adj._, gestatory. _Chaise —_; Pope’s sedan chair. =geste=, _n.m._, gesture; action; movement, sign. _Faire des —s_; to gesticulate. =geste=, _n.f._, (old French literature). _Chanson de —_; heroic poem. ☉=gestes=, _n.m.pl._, great deeds, heroic achievements, exploits. =gesticulat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, gesticulator. =gesticulation=, _n.f._, gesticulation. =gesticuler=, _v.n._, to gesticulate. =gestion=, _n.f._, management, administration, conduct. =geyser=, _n.m._, (_—s_) geyser. =giaour=, _n.m._, (_—s_) giaour. =gibbeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, gibbous, convex. =gibbon=, _n.m._, (mam.) gibbon, ape. =gibbosité=, _n.f._, gibbosity, gibbousness, hunch. =gibecière= (ji-bsièr), _n.f._, game-bag; pouch, bag, poke; juggler’s pocket. _Tours de —_; leger-de-main, or sleight of hand tricks. =gibelet=, _n.m._, gimlet, borer. _Il a un coup de —_; he is cracked. =gibelin=, _n.m._, (Italian hist.) Ghibelline. =gibelotte=, _n.f._, (cook.) rabbit-stew. =giberne=, _n.f._, cartridge-box. =gibet=, _n.m._, gibbet, gallows. =gibier=, _n.m._, game. _— à plume_; feathered game. _Gros —_; forest game. _Menu —_; small game. _— dérobé_; poached game. _— de galère_, _— de potence_, _— de grève_; Newgate-bird, jail-bird, gallows-bird, gallows-swinger. _Pièce de —_; head of game. _Ce n’est pas là votre —_; that is no affair of yours. _Ce n’est pas de son —_; that is not his fancy; that is beyond his capacity. =giboulée=, _n.f._, shower, hail-shower. _— de mars_; April shower. =giboyer=, _v.n._, to go out shooting; to hunt, to shoot; to poach. =giboyeur=, _n.m._, fowler, sportsman; dealer in game. =giboyeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, full of game. =gibus=, _n.m._, crush-hat; opera-hat, top-hat. =gifle=, _n.f._, slap in the face; box on the ear. =gifler=, _v.a._, to slap in the face; to box the ears of. =gigantesque=, _adj._, gigantic, colossal. =gigogne=, _n.f._ _Mère —_; woman with many children. _La mère —_; the old woman who lived “in a shoe.” =gigot=, _n.m._, leg of mutton. _pl._, (man.) hind legs of a horse; legs, shanks (of persons). _Étendre ses —s_; to stretch one’s legs. _Des manches à —_; leg of mutton sleeves. =gigotté=, =-e=, _adj._, strong-limbed. =gigotter=, _v.n._, to kick about; (fig.) to fidget, to dance, to cut capers. =gigue= (jig), _n.f._, shank; jig. =gilet=, _n.m._, waistcoat, vest. _— de flanelle_; flannel waistcoat. _— d’armes_; fencing-jacket. _— de force_; strait-jacket. _— de sauvetage_; life-jacket. _Donner un — à_; (fencing) to beat outright. =gileti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, waistcoat maker. =gille=, _n.m._, clown, ninny, simpleton; large fishing-net. _Faire —_; to run away, to become bankrupt. =gimblette=, _n.f._, ring-biscuit, jam-roll. =gingas=, _n.m._, ticking, tick. =gingembre=, _n.m._, (bot.) ginger. =gingeolier=, _n.m._, (bot.) lote, jujube-tree. =ginglyme=, _n.m._, hinge, joint; (anat.) hinge-joint. =ginguet=, =-te= (-ghè, -ghèt), _adj._, weak, sorry, worthless, short, scanty. _Habit —_; scanty coat. _Esprit_, _style —_; frivolous mind, frivolous style. =ginguet=, _n.m._, weak _or_ thin wine, bad wine. =ginseng=, _n.m._, (pharm.) ginseng. =gipsy=, _n.m.f._, (_gipsies_) gipsy. =girafe=, _n.f._, (mam.) giraffe, camelopard. =girande=, _n.f._, girande (cluster of water-jets); bouquet (fireworks). =girandole=, _n.f._, girandole, branched candle-stick; (of gems) sprig; (fireworks) girandole; (bot.) whorl. =girasol=, _n.m._, (min.) girasol. =giration=, _n.f._, gyration. =giratoire=, _adj._, gyral, gyratory. =giraumon= _or_ =giraumont=, _n.m._, (bot.) pumpkin. =girofle=, _n.m._, (bot.) clove. _Un clou de —_; a clove. _Griffe de —_; clove-stalk. =giroflée=, _n.f._, gilliflower, stock. _— jaune_; wallflower. _Une — à cinq feuilles_; (pop.) slap in the face. =giroflée=, _adj._, of clove. _Cannelle —_; (com.) clove-bark. =giroflier=, _n.m._, (bot.) clove-tree. =girolle=, _n.f._, edible agaric. =giron=, _n.m._, lap; (arch.) tread (of a step); (her.) gyron. _Le — de l’église_; the bosom, pale, of the Church. =gironde=, _n.f._, (French hist.) Girondist party. =girondin=, _n.m._, (French hist.) Girondist. =gironné=, _adj._, rounded; (her.) gyronny. =girouette=, _n.f._, weathercock, vane. _— à fumée_; smoke-disperser. _Fer de —_; spindle of a vane. _C’est une —_; he is a mere weathercock, a mere time-server. =gisant=, =-e=, _adj._, lying (ill, dead); stretched. _Meule —e_; bed, nether millstone. =gisement= (jiz-mān), _n.m._, (nav.) bearing; (min.) layer, bed. _—s houillers_; coal-measures. =gisent=, _third person pl. present indicative of old verb gésir_; lie, are lying. =gît=, _third person sing. present indicative of old verb gésir_; lies (sick, dead). _Son cadavre — sur la terre_; his body lies on the ground. _Ci —_; here lies. =gitan-o=, _n.m._, =-a=, _n.f._, (_—s_) Spanish gipsy. =gîte=, _n.m._, home, lodging-place, refuge, shelter; lodging, resting-place, quarters; nether millstone; form, seat (of hares); (mining) layer, stratum, bed, deposit. _Un lièvre va toujours mourir au —_; a person likes to come home to die. _Dernier —_; long home; (of beef) round. _— à la noix_; silver-side. =gîter=, _v.a._, to lodge, to house, to put up, to shelter. _se_ =gîter=, _v.r._, to lodge, to sleep; to shelter one’s self, to take up one’s abode. =givre=, _n.m._, hoar-frost, rime. =givre=, _n.f._, (her.) serpent; wyvern. =givré=, =-e=, _adj._, rimy, white with frost. =glabre=, _adj._, (bot.) glabrous, smooth, without down. =glaçage=, _n.m._, (tech.) frosting, glazing. =glaçant=, =-e=, _adj._, freezing; icy, chilling. =glace=, _n.f._, ice; glass, plate-glass; looking-glass; (carriage) window; flaw (in a diamond); frost-work. _Banc de —_; field of ice. _Clarté de la —_; ice-blink. _Montagne de —_; iceberg. _Froid comme —_; as cold as ice. _Mettre du vin à la —_ or _frapper de —_; to ice wine. _Champagne frappé de —_; iced champagne. _Boire à la —_; to drink iced water. _Rompre la —_; to break the ice. _Prendre une —_; to take an ice. _Baisser les —s_; to lower the windows (of a carriage). =glacé=, =-e=, _part._, frozen, frosted, iced; freezing, nipping, biting, icy; chilling, cold, icy-cold, clay-cold; (of stuffs) shot, shot-colored. =glacée=, _n.f._, (bot.) ice-plant. _V._ =glaciale=. =glacer=, _v.a._, to freeze, to ice; to freeze up, to congeal, to chill; to strike, to overpower, to paralyze; to glaze; to frost; to hide the seams (of a garment). _Ce récit nous glaça d’horreur_; this story struck us dumb with horror. _— des confitures_; to ice sweetmeats. _— de la viande_; to glaze meat. _— une doublure_; to stitch down a lining. _— la soie_; (dy.) to alum silk. _se_ =glacer=, _v.r._, to freeze, to chill; to become weak, to grow feeble. =glacer=, _v.n._, to freeze. =glacerie=, _n.f._, ice-making; ice manufactory; looking-glass manufactory; coffee-house. =glaceu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, glazer. =glaceu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, having flaws, flawy (of gems). =glaciaire=, _adj._, (geol.) of glaciers, glacial. _Période —_; ice period. =glacial=, =-e=, _adj._, frozen, glacial, icy, frigid. _Air —_; nipping air. _Vent —_; biting wind. _Mine —e_; frigid countenance. _Mer —e_, _océan —_; (geog.) Frozen Sea, Arctic Ocean. =glaciale=, _n.f._, (bot.) ice-plant. =glacier=, _n.m._, glacier; field of ice; coffee-house keeper; dealer in ice; confectioner. =glacière=, _n.f._, ice-house; freezing-machine; field of ice. =glacis=, _n.m._, (paint.) glazing; (fort.) glacis; (arch.) slope, sloping bank, weathering; (needlework) serging. =glaçon=, _n.m._, icicle, piece of ice, floe. _Petit —_; icicle. =glaçure=, _n.f._, glazing. =gladiateur=, _n.m._, gladiator. =glaïeul=, _n.m._, (bot.) gladiole, sword-grass, corn-flag, iris. _— puant_; spurgewort, stinking gladwin. _— des marais_; gladwin iris. =glaire=, _n.f._, glair, white of egg. =glairer=, _v.a._, to glair. =glaireu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, glairy. =glaise=, _n.f._, clay; potter’s earth. =glaise=, _adj._, loamy, clayey. _Terre —_; loam, clay. =glaiser=, _v.a._, to loam, to marl. _— des terres_; to marl land. =glaiseu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, clayey, marly, loamy. =glaisière=, _n.f._, marl-pit, clay-pit. =glaive=, _n.m._, sword; blade, steel. _Puissance du —_; power of the sword; power of life and death. =glanage=, _n.m._, gleaning. =gland=, _n.m._, acorn; tassel; (anat.) glans. _— de mer_; (conch.) acorn-barnacle, acorn-shell. _— de terre_; (bot.) earth-nut. =glande=, _n.f._, (anat.) gland; kernel. _Endurcissement des —s_; scirrhosity. _— lymphatique_; lymphatic gland. =glandé=, =-e=, _adj._, (vet.) glandered; (her.) acorned. =glandée=, _n.f._, pannage (duty); crop of acorns. =glandulaire=, _adj._ _V._ =glanduleux=. =glandule=, _n.f._, (anat.) glandule. =glanduleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, glandulous, glandular. =glandulifère=, _adj._, (anat.) glanduliferous. =glane=, _n.f._, gleaning. _Faire —_; to glean. _— d’oignons_; rope of onions. _— de poires_; bunch of pears; (of straw) wisp. =glaner=, _v.a._ and _n._, to glean. =glaneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, gleaner. =glanure=, _n.f._, gleanings. =glapir=, _v.n._, to yelp (of puppies and foxes); to screech, to scream, to squeak (of persons). =glapissant=, =-e=, _adj._, (of puppies and foxes) yelping; shrill; screeching, screaming, squeaking. =glapissement= (-pis-mān), _n.m._, yelping; screeching, scream, squeaking. =glas=, _n.m._, knell; passing-bell, tolling. _— funèbre_; funeral-knell, death-bell. _Sonner le —_; to ring the knell, to toll the knell. =glaucome=, _n.m._, (med.) glaucoma. =glauque=, _adj._, glaucous. =glèbe=, _n.f._, glebe, ground, land, earth, soil. _Être attaché à la —_; to be bound to the soil. =gléchome= (-kom), _n.m._, ground-ivy. =glène=, _n.f._, (anat.) glene, socket; (nav.) coil; (fish.) basket. =gléner=, _v.a._, (nav.) to coil. =glénoïdal=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) glenoid. _Cavité —e de l’omoplate_; glenoid cavity of the scapula. =glénoïde=, _adj._, (anat.) glenoid. =glénoïdien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, (anat.) glenoid. =glette=, _n.f._, (metal.) litharge; dross. =glissade=, _n.f._, sliding, slide; slipping; slip; (dancing) glissade. _Faire une —_; to have a slide; to make a slip. =glissant=, =-e=, _adj._, slippery; (fig.) ticklish, delicate, tender. _Il fait —_; it is slippery walking. _Pas —_; dangerous step, ticklish affair. _Terrain —_; slippery, tender ground. =glissé=, _n.m._, (dancing) glisse; slide. =glissement= (glis-mān), _n.m._, slipping; sliding; gliding. =glisser=, _v.n._, to slip, to slip over; to slide; to glance over; to slur over; to make little _or_ no impression; to glance; to pass (over). _L’échelle glissa_; the ladder slipped. _— sur la glace_; to slide. _Cela m’a glissé des mains_; that slipped through my fingers. _Glissons là-dessus_; let us pass over that. =glisser=, _v.a._, to slip, to slip in; to slide, to slide in; to insinuate, to introduce. _Il glissa sa main dans ma poche_; he slipped his hand into my pocket. _se_ =glisser=, _v.r._, to slip, to slide, to creep in, to steal in; to insinuate one’s self. =glisseur=, _n.m._, slider. =glissoire=, _n.f._, slide. =globe=, _n.m._, globe, sphere, orb, glass-shade. _— de feu_; fire-ball. =globeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, round. _in_ =globo=. _V._ =in globo=. =globulaire=, _n.f._, globularia, globe-daisy. =globulaire=, _adj._, globular. =globule=, _n.m._, globule. =globuleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, globulous, globular, globous. =gloire=, _n.f._, glory, fame, honor; glorification, halo; vanity, pride; boast, boasting. _Être la — de_; to be the glory of. _Se faire une — de quelque chose_; to glory in anything; to pride one’s self upon. _Mettre sa — à_; to glory in. =gloria=, _n.m._, (_—_) coffee (with brandy in it). =gloriette=, _n.f._, pavillon, summer-house. =glorieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, gloriously, honorably. =glorieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, glorious, honorable; (rel.) glorified, blessed; vainglorious, conceited, self-conceited; proud. =glorieu-x=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, braggart, boaster; vainglorious person. _Faire le —_; to be a braggart. =glorification=, _n.f._, glorification. =glorifier=, _v.a._, to glorify, to give glory to; to honor. _se_ =glorifier=, _v.r._, to glory in, to boast. =gloriole=, _n.f._, vainglory, vanity. _C’est la — qui les tient_; they are eaten up with vanity. =glose= (glôz), _n.f._, gloss; glozing; comment; carping; criticism; parody. =gloser=, _v.a._, to gloss; to gloze, to criticise, to carp at, to find fault with. =gloser=, _v.n._, to carp at, to find fault with. =gloseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, carper; fault-finder. =glossaire=, _n.m._, glossary, vocabulary. =glossateur=, _n.m._, glossarist. =glossite=, _n.f._, (med.) glossitis. =glossographe=, _n.m._, glossographer. =glossographie=, _n.f._, glossography. =glossologie=, _n.f._, glossology. =glossopètre=, _n.m._, (geol.) glossopetra. =glotte=, _n.f._, (anat.) glottis. =glouglou=, _n.m._, gurgling, gurgle; (of turkeys) gobble. =glouglouter=, _v.n._, to gurgle; (of a turkey) to gobble. =gloume=, _n.m._, _V._ =glume=. =gloussement= (glous-mān), _n.m._, clucking; cluck, chuckle. =glousser=, _v.n._, to cluck; to chuckle. =glouteron= (glou-tron), _n.m._, (bot.) burdock. =glouton=, =-ne=, _adj._, gluttonous, greedy. =glouton=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, glutton. =gloutonnement= (-to-n-mān), _adv._, gluttonously, greedily, ravenously. =gloutonnerie= (-to-n-rî), _n.f._, gluttony, greediness. =glu=, _n.f._, bird-lime, lime. =gluant=, =-e=, _adj._, glutinous, sticky, slimy; adhesive. =gluau=, _n.m._, lime-twig. _Tendre des —x_; to set lime-twigs. =glucose=, _n.f._, (chem.) glucose, glycose. =gluer=, _v.a._, to lime; to make sticky. =glui=, _n.m._, barley straw. =glume=, _n.f._, (bot.) glume, husk. =gluten= (-tèn), _n.m._, gluten. =glutinati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, agglutinative. =glutination=, _n.f._ _V._ =agglutination=. =glutineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, glutinous, viscous. =glutinosité=, _n.f._, glutinosity, glutinousness, viscidity; stickiness. =glycérine=, _n.f._, glycerine. =glycine=, _n.f._, (bot.) glycin, a Chinese plant. =glyconien= _or_ =glyconique=, _adj._, glyconian. =glycose=, _n.f._ _V._ =glucose=. =glyphe=, _n.m._, (arch.) glyph. =glyptique=, _n.f._, glyptics. =glyptographie=, _n.f._, glyptography. =gnaphale=, _n.m._, (bot.) cudweed, everlasting. =gneiss=, _n.m._, (min.) gneiss. =gnome=, _n.m._, gnome. =gnomide=, _n.f._, gnome. =gnomique=, _adj._, gnomical, sententious. =gnomon=, _n.m._, gnomon, pin of a dial. =gnomonique=, _n.f._, gnomonics, dialing. =gnose=, _n.f._, (theol.) gnosis; (philos.) gnosticism. =gnosticisme=, _n.m._, gnosticism. =gnostiques=, _n.m.pl._, gnostics. _tout de_ =go=, _adv._, freely, by itself, easily, unceremoniously. =gobbe=, _n.f._, poisoned ball (for a dog); fattening ball (for poultry); wool-ball (in sheep). =gobelet= (go-blè), _n.m._, goblet, mug, drinking-cup; juggler’s box; buttery (of palaces). _Officier du —_; officer of the buttery. _Joueur de —s_; juggler; thimble-rigger. _Tour de —_; juggler’s trick. =gobelin= (go-blin), _n.m._, goblin, evil spirit. =gobelins=, _n.m.pl._, Gobelins (manufacture of tapestry at Paris). =gobelotter= (go-blo-té), _v.n._, to tipple. =gobeloterie=, _n.f._, tippling. =gobeloteur=, _n.m.f._, tippler. =gobe-mouches=, _n.m._, (_—_) (orni.) fly-catcher; (bot.) fly-trap; simpleton; gull; trifler, ninny. =gober=, _v.a._, to gulp down, to swallow; to swallow down, to believe easily; to nab; to lay hold of; to put up with; to pocket. _Il gobe des mouches_; he trifles away his time. _Je ne vais pas — cela_; I am not going to swallow that. _— le morceau_; to swallow the bait, to be caught, taken in. =goberge=, _n.f._, cross bar (of a bedstead); handle (of a joiner’s press); (pisc.) large cod. _se_ =goberger=, _v.r._, to enjoy one’s self; to take one’s ease, to lounge. =gobet=, _n.m._, gobbet. _Prendre au —_; to nab. =gobetage=, _n.m._, (mas.) pointing, stopping. =gobeter= (gob-té), _v.a._, (mas.) to point. =gobeur=, _n.m._, swallower, gobbler, gulper; gull (person). =gobin=, _n.m._, (fam., l.u.) a little hunchback. =godage=, _n.m._, bagging, puckering (of a coat). *=godaille=, _n.f._, tippling, drinking. *=godailler=, _v.n._, to tipple. *=godailleur=, _n.m._, tippler. =godelureau=, _n.m._, popinjay, coxcomb, fop. =godenot=, _n.m._, puppet, juggler’s puppet; (b.s.) ill-shaped man, punch. =goder=, _v.n._, to crease; to bag (of clothes); to pucker (of needlework). =godet=, _n.m._, small cup; horn (for drinking); calyx (of a flower); cup (of a lamp). =godiche=, _n._ and _adj._, simpleton, ninny; clumsy; spoony. =godichon=, =-ne=, _n._ and _adj._, silly, simple; clumsy, gawky, ninny, booby. *=godille=, _n.f._, (nav.) scull. *=godiller=, _v.n._, (nav.) to scull. *=godilleur=, _n.m._, (nav.) sculler. =godiveau=, _n.m._, (cook.) force-meat pie. =godron=, _n.m._, ☉plait; (arch.) godroon. =godronner=, _v.a._, ☉to plait round; to godroon. =goéland=, _n.m._, (orni.) gull; sea-gull. =goélette=, _n.f._, (nav.) schooner. =goémon=, _n.m._, sea-wrack; sea-weed. =goétie= (-ci), _n.f._, goety, sorcery. ☉=goffe=, _adj._, ill-shaped, awkward. *=gogaille=, _n.f._, (pop.) merry-making. =gogo=, _n.m._, gull, gudgeon, simpleton. _à_ =gogo=, _adv._, in clover. _Être à —_; to live in clover. =goguenard=, =-e= (gog-nâr), _adj._, bantering, jeering, jovial, merry. =goguenard=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, banterer, jeerer, chaffer. =goguenarder= (gog-nar-dé), _v.n._, to jeer, to banter, to chaff; to crack jokes. =goguenarderie=, _n.f._, jeering, jeer, bantering. =goguettes=, _n.f.pl._, merry story, merry saying; pleasure-party. _Être en —_; to be in a merry mood. _Chanter — à quelqu’un_; to abuse any one. =goinfre=, _n.m._, gormandizer. =goinfrer=, _v.n._, to gormandize. =goinfrerie=, _n.f._, gormandizing. =goître=, _n.m._, goitre, wen; (bot.) struma. =goîtreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, goitrous. =goîtreu-x=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, goitrous person; (orni.) pelican. =golfe=, _n.m._, gulf, bay; firth, frith. =gommage=, _n.m._, gumming. =gomme=, _n.f._, gum; (med.) gummatum. _— arabique_; gum arabic. _—-gutte_; (_—s-—s_) gamboge. _— élastique_; india-rubber, caoutchouc. =gommer=, _v.a._, to gum. =gomme-résine=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) gum-resin. =gommeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, gummous, gummy. =gommeux=, _n.m._ _Petit —_; fop, coxcomb. =gommier=, _n.m._, gum-tree. =gomphose=, _n.f._, (anat.) gomphosis. =gond=, _n.m._, hinge (for doors); pintle (of a rudder). _Hors des —s_; unhinged; (fig.) enraged, beside one’s self. _Cela me fait sortir des —s_; that exasperates me. =gondole=, _n.f._, gondola; car (of a balloon); eye-cup; eye bath. =gondoler=, _v.n._, (tech.) to warp (of wood). _Se —_; (pop.) to shake with laughter. =gondolier=, _n.m._, gondolier. =gonfalon= _or_ =gonfanon=, _n.m._, gonfalon. =gonfalonier=, _n.m._, gonfalonier. =gonflement=, _n.m._, swelling; tumidness; inflation, filling; distension. =gonfler=, _v.a._, to swell, to puff up, to inflate, to fill out, to fill with wind. _Des yeux gonflés_; swollen eyes. _se_ =gonfler=, _v.r._, to swell, to swell up, to fill out, to be swollen; to increase, to distend. =gonfler=, _v.n._, to swell, to swell up. =gong=, _n.m._, (_—s_) gong. =gonin=, _n.m._, knave, rogue, rascal. _Maître —_; knowing card, artful dodger. =goniomètre=, _n.m._, goniometer. =goniométrie=, _n.f._, goniometry. =gonne=, _n.f._, sea-cask, tar-barrel. =gonorrhée=, _n.f._, gonorrhœa. =gord=, _n.m._, bow-net; fishing weir. =gordien= (-di-in), _adj.m._, Gordian. =gordius= (-us), _n.m._, hair-worm, gordius. =goret=, _n.m._, (jest.) young pig; (fig.) dirty fellow; (of hatters, etc.) foreman; (nav.) hog. =goreter=, _v.a._, (nav.) to hog. =gorge=, _n.f._, throat, gullet; neck and shoulders (of a woman); breast, bosom, neck; mouth, orifice; defile, strait, narrow pass; (arch., fort.) gorge; groove (of a pulley); roller (of maps). _Un mal de —_; a sore throat. _Avoir mal à la —_; to have a sore throat. _À pleine —_; at the top of one’s voice. _Couper la — à quelqu’un_; to cut any one’s throat; to ruin any one. _Prendre quelqu’un à la —_; to seize any one by the throat. _Rire à — déployée_; to split one’s sides with laughter. _Rendre —_; to disgorge, to refund, to stump up. _Faire des —s chaudes de quelque chose_; to ridicule, to laugh, at anything, to chuckle over. _Cette fumée prend à la —_; this smoke nearly chokes one. =gorge-de-pigeon=, _adj. invariable_, iridescent, shot (of colors). =gorge-de-pigeon=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) shot-color. =gorgée=, _n.f._, draught; mouthful, gulp, sip. =gorger=, _v.a._, to gorge; to cram; to swell. _se_ =gorger=, _v.r._, to gorge one’s self. =gorgeret=, _n.m._, (surg.) gorget, gorgeret. =gorgerette=, _n.f._, gorget; lady’s ruffle; cap-string (of children); (ornith.) black-cap. =gorgerin=, _n.m._, neck-piece (armor); (arch.) gorgerin. =gorgone=, _n.f._, (myth.) Gorgon; (zoöl.) gorgonia. *=gorille=, _n.m._, (mam.) gorilla. =gosier=, _n.m._, throat, gullet, voice; (anat.) fauces. _Coup de —_; (mus.) breath. _Avoir le — sec_; to be always thirsty. _S’humecter le —_; to wet one’s whistle. =gossampin=, _n.m._, silk-cotton-tree. =gosse=, _n.m._, brat, urchin. _n.f._, flam, bad joke. =gothique=, _adj._, pertaining to the Goths, Gothic. _Ecriture —_; black letter. =gothique=, _n.f._, (print.) old English. =gouache=, _n.f._, body-color; painting. =gouailler=, _v.a._, (pop.) to chaff, to tease. =gouailleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, chaffer, joker, teaser. =goudron=, _n.m._, tar. =goudronnage=, _n.m._, tarring. =goudronner=, _v.a._, to tar. _Eau goudronnée_; tar-water. _Toile goudronnée_; tarpaulin. =goudronnerie= (-dro-n-rî), _n.f._, tar-works. =gouet=, _n.m._, (bot.) arum, cuckoo-pintle. =gouffre=, _n.m._, gulf, abyss, pit; whirlpool. =gouge=, _n.f._, gouge. =gouger=, _v.a._, to gouge. =gougette=, _n.f._, small gouge. =gouin=, _n.m._, slovenly sailor. =gouine=, _n.f._, (pop.) street-walker. =goujat=, _n.m._, soldier’s servant, camp-follower; hodman; blackguard; snob; vulgar fellow; bungler. _— de vaisseau_; powder monkey. =goujon=, _n.m._, gudgeon. _Avaler le —_; to swallow the bait; to fall into the snare. =goule=, _n.f._, ghoul. =goulée=, _n.f._, (pop.) mouthful. =goulet=, _n.m._, narrow entrance to a harbor, inlet, mouth, neck. =goulette=, _n.f._ _V._ =goulotte=. =gouliafre=, _n.m._, (pop.) glutton. =goulot=, _n.m._, neck (of a bottle). =goulotte=, _n.f._, water-channel. =goulu=, =-e=, _adj._, gluttonous, greedy. =goulu=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, glutton, greedy person. =goulûment=, _adv._, gluttonously, greedily. =goum=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (milit.) contingent (in Algeria). *=goupille=, _n.f._, (tech.) pin; peg; bolt. *=goupiller=, _v.a._, (tech.) to pin, to bolt. *=goupillon=, _n.m._, aspersorium; aspergill; holy-water sprinkler; bottle-brush. *=goupillonner=, _v.a._, to cleanse with a bottle-brush. =gourbi=, _n.m._, (_—s_) hut, cabin. =gourd=, =-e=, _adj._, benumbed. =gourde=, _n.f._, (bot.) gourd; calabash; wicker bottle, flask; piaster (a coin). =gourdin=, _n.m._, cudgel, club, stick; (nav.) rope’s end. =gourdiner=, _v.a._, (pop.) to cudgel. =goure=, _n.f._, adulterated drug; (fig.) take-in. =gourer=, _v.a._, (pop.) to adulterate drugs; to cheat, to take in. =goureur=, _n.m._, adulterator of drugs; cheat, trickster. =gourgandine=, _n.f._, (pop.) street-walker, strumpet. =gourgane=, _n.f._, broad bean, bean. =gourgouran=, _n.m._, Indian silk stuff. =gourmade=, _n.f._, punch, cuff, fisticuff. =gourmand=, =-e=, _adj._, gluttonous, greedy. =gourmand=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, glutton, epicure. =gourmander=, _v.a._, to chide, to reprimand, to reprove harshly; to check, to curb; (cook.) to lard; (of trees) to prune. =gourmandise=, _n.f._, gluttony, greediness. =gourme=, _n.f._, (med.) ringworm of the scalp; (vet.) glanders. _Jeter sa —_; to have a running at the nose (of a horse); to have a rash (of children); to sow one’s wild oats (of a young man). =gourmé=, =-e=, _part._, curbed; stiff, formal, solemn, grave. =gourmer=, _v.a._, to curb (a horse); to box, to thump, to pommel. _se_ =gourmer=, _v.r._, to thump, to pommel one another. =gourmet=, _n.m._, connoisseur in wines; epicure; judge of. =gourmette=, _n.f._, (man.) curb, curb-chain. _Lâcher la — à quelqu’un_; to give any one more scope. =gournable=, _n.f._, (nav.) treenail _or_ trenail. =gournabler=, _v.a._, (nav.) to treenail. =goussant= _or_ =goussaut=, _n.m._, thick-set horse. =gousse=, _n.f._, pod, husk. _— d’ail_; clove of garlic. =gousset=, _n.m._, fob; arm-pit; smell from ditto; (obs.) purse; gusset (of a shirt); (carp.) brace. _Vider un —_; to pick a pocket. =goût=, _n.m._, taste, savor, relish; smell; inclination, liking; style, manner, fashion. _Avoir du — pour_; to like, to have a liking for, to be fond of. _Avoir le — de_; to taste of. _Avoir le — difficile_; to be difficult to please, to be nice, particular. _Relever le —_; to give a relish to. _Avoir le — dépravé_; to have one’s palate out of order. _Cela plaît au —_; that is pleasing to the taste. _Avoir bon —_; to taste nice. _Viande de haut —_; highly-seasoned meat. _Ce pain a un — de noisette_; that bread tastes of nuts. _Être de son —_; to be palatable; to hit one’s fancy. _C’est un critique plein de —_; he is a critic of great taste. _Chacun à son —_; every one to his liking. _Prendre — à une chose_; to take a liking to a thing. _Trouver une chose à son —_; to find a thing to one’s liking, to approve of, to be partial to. _Il ne faut point disputer des —s_; there’s no accounting for tastes. _De bon —_; in good taste. _De mauvais —_; in bad taste, vulgar. _Ces vers sont dans le — de Racine_; these verses are in the style of Racine. _Faire une chose par —_; to do a thing from taste. _Cela est-il de votre —?_ is that to your taste? _Satisfaire ses —s_; to satisfy one’s tastes. _Chacun son —_; tastes differ. =goûter=, _v.a._, to taste, to relish; to like, to approve of, to appreciate; to enjoy, to delight in; to try; to smell. _Voulez-vous — notre vin?_ will you taste our wine? _Ce prédicateur est bien goûté_; that preacher is very much liked. _— les plaisirs de la table_; to enjoy the pleasures of the table. _— le repos_; to enjoy repose. _se_ =goûter=, _v.r._, to be tasted; to be relished; to like each other. _Une sauce doit toujours se —_; a sauce ought always to be tasted. =goûter=, _v.n._, to taste, to smell; to lunch; to make a trial of; to approve of. _Goûtez de ce vin_; try this wine. =goûter=, _n.m._, lunch, light refreshments. =goutte=, _n.f._, drop, small quantity; dram; jot; (arch., pharm.) drop; (med.) gout. _— à —_; drop by drop. _Mère —_; unpressed wine. _Boire la —_; to have a drop (of liquor). _Boire une —_; to have a nip. _Ils se ressemblent comme deux —s d’eau_; they are as like as two peas. _— sciatique_; sciatica, hip-gout. _— vague_; wandering gout. _— militaire_; gleet. _Accès de —_; attack of the gout. _Être travaillé de la —_; to suffer from gout. _— à — on emplit la cuve_; many a mickle makes a muckle. _Payer la —_; to stand a drink. _C’est une — d’eau dans la mer_; it is a drop in the ocean. =goutte=, _adv._, (l.u.) in the least, at all. _Il ne voit —_; he does not see at all _or_ a wink. _N’y voir —_; not to make it out at all. _N’entendre —_; not to hear at all; not to understand in the least. =gouttelette= (gou-tlèt), _n.f._, small drop. =goutteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, gouty. =goutteu-x=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, gouty person. =gouttière=, _n.f._, gutter of a roof, shoot; spout (for rain-water); cornice (of a carriage); fore-edge (of a book); (anat.) groove. _pl._, (nav.) water-way. _— de plomb_; leaden spout. =gouvernable=, _adj._, governable. *=gouvernail=, _n.m._, rudder, helm. _Tenir le —_; to be at the helm; (of a bicycle) hand-bar. =gouvernance=, _n.f._, governorship, tutorship. =gouvernant=, =-e=, _adj._, governing, ruling. =gouvernant=, _n.m._, governor, ruler. _Les —s_; those who govern. =gouvernante=, _n.f._, governor’s wife; governess; housekeeper (to a single man). =gouverne=, _n.f._, guidance, guide, direction, rule. _Je vous dis cela pour votre —_; I tell you that for your guidance. _Aviron de —_; stern-oar. =gouvernement=, _n.m._, government, rule, sway; management; governorship; government-house; (nav.) steering. _En son —_; under his management. =gouvernemental=, =-e=, _adj._, of the government. =gouverner=, _v.a._, to govern, to rule, to command, to manage, to direct, to regulate, to look to, to take care of; to husband; to bring up (children); to breed (animals); (nav.) to steer; to rein up (a horse). _— un ménage_; to direct a household. _— quelqu’un_; to rule any one. _— un vaisseau_; to steer a ship. _C’est lui qui gouverne la barque_; he is the life and soul of the business. _Il gouverne bien sa barque_; he knows how to manage his affairs, _or_ to feather his nest, _or_ to make money. _se_ =gouverner=, _v.r._, to govern one’s self; to behave one’s self; to be governed; to manage one’s own affairs. =gouverner=, _v.n._, to govern, to rule; to manage; (nav.) to steer, to answer the helm. =gouverneur=, _n.m._, governor, ruler, tutor, manager. =goyave=, _n.f._, (bot.) guava (fruit). =goyavier=, _n.m._, (bot.) guava (tree). =grabat=, _n.m._, pallet, truckle-bed. _Sur le —_; on a sick-bed; very ill; laid up; (fig.) to be wretchedly poor. =grabataire=, _n._ and _adj._, bedridden. =grabeau=, _n.m._, fragments, siftings, waste, refuse. =grabuge=, _n.m._, (triv.) wrangling, quarrel, squabble, brawl. =grâce=, _n.f._, grace; favor, pardon; mercy, indulgence; forgiveness; gracefulness, elegance, charm. _pl._, thanks; (myth.) Graces. _Accorder une —_; to grant a favor. _De —!_ for mercy’s sake! pray! I pray you! _Bonnes —s_; good graces; head curtains (of a bed). _Actions de —_; thanksgiving. _À la — de_; at the mercy of. _À la — de Dieu!_ in God’s hands! (fam.) anyhow, higgledy-piggledy. _Demander — à_; to ask pardon of, to crave quarter of. _Faire une — à quelqu’un_; to do any one a favor. _Faire — à quelqu’un_; to forgive any one; to pardon any one. _Faire — de_; to spare. _Se mettre dans les bonnes —s de quelqu’un_; to get into any one’s good graces. _Rentrer en —_; to get into favor again. _Il est dans les bonnes —s du roi_; he is in the king’s good graces. _Perdre les bonnes —s de quelqu’un_; to lose any one’s good graces. _Trouver — devant quelqu’un_; to find favor in any one’s sight. _Demander_ or _prier en —_; to ask as a favor, to entreat. _L’an de —_; the year of grace, in the year of our Lord. _Rendre —s au ciel_; to return thanks to heaven. _Dire ses —s_; to say grace. _— à Dieu_; thank God. _Je vous rends —_; I thank you. _Sans —_; graceless. _Avec —_; gracefully. _Faire une chose de bonne —_; to do a thing with a good grace; readily. _De mauvaise —_; reluctantly, grudgingly. _Sacrifier aux —s_; to sacrifice to the Graces. =graciable=, _adj._, (jur.) pardonable. =gracier=, _v.a._, (jur.) to pardon. =gracieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, graciously, kindly, gracefully. =gracieuseté=, _n.f._, graciousness; kindness, courtesy (act of); acknowledgment, gratuity. _Ce serait une — de votre part_; it would be an act of kindness on your part. =gracieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, graceful, pleasant, courteous, gracious, kind, obliging, civil. =gracilité=, _n.f._, gracility; slimness, slenderness. =gradation=, _n.f._, gradation; degrees; climax. _— inverse_; anti-climax. =grade=, _n.m._, grade, rank; degree; step, title. _Monter en —_; to be promoted. =gradé=, _adj.m._, (mil.) with an inferior rank. =grader=, _v.a._, to confer a grade _or_ rank on. =gradin=, _n.m._, step; shelf; bench; tier. _pl._, benches rising one above the other, tiers. _Sur les —s_; (fig.) at school. =graduation=, _n.f._, graduation; drying-house. =gradué=, _n.m._, graduate (of a university). =gradué=, =-e=, _adj._, _part._, graduated, progressive. _Cours de thèmes —s_; progressive course of exercises. =graduel=, =-le=, _adj._, gradual. =graduel=, _n.m._, (c.rel.) gradual. =graduellement= (-èl-mān), _adv._, gradually. =graduer=, _v.a._, to graduate; to proportion; to increase regularly. _Se faire —_; to graduate, to take a degree. =graffite=, _n.m._, drawing. *=graillement=, _n.m._, hoarseness, huskiness. *=grailler=, _v.n._, (hunt.) to recall the hounds. *=graillon=, _n.m._, broken meat; remnants, burned meat scraps; smell of burnt meat _or_ fat. _Marie —_; slattern, slut. *=graillonner=, _v.n._, to smell of burnt meat _or_ fat. *=graillonneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (l.ex.) gobber; dealer in broken meats; (_f._) bad cook. =grain=, _n.m._, grain, berry, bead; jot, bit, particle; squall. _Gros —s_; wheat and rye, winter corn. _Menus —s_; spring corn. _Un — de raisin_; a grape. _— de chapelet_; bead of a chaplet. _Un rosaire à gros —s_; a rosary of large beads. _Un — de sel_; a grain of salt. _Il n’a pas un — de bon sens_; he has not a grain of sense. _Un — de folie_; a touch of madness. _Être dans le —_; to be on the road to fortune. _Poules de —_; corn-fed pullets. _Catholique à gros —s_; lax Catholic. _— de beauté_; mole, beauty spot. _Essuyer un —_; to be overtaken by a squall. _V._ =rafale=. =graine=, _n.f._, seed; berry; set (persons); eggs (of silkworms). _Monter en —_; to run to seed. _C’est une mauvaise —_; he is a bad lot. _— d’Avignon_; French berry. _— de lin_; linseed. _— de vers à soie_; silkworm’s eggs. _— de niais_; bait for fools. _C’est de la — de niais_; why, a fool would not be taken in by it. _Monter en —_; (fig.) to run to seed; to be growing an old maid. =grainer=, _v.n._ _V._ =grener=. =grainetis= (grè-n-tî), _n.m._, (coin.) punch, puncheon. =graini-er= _or_ =graineti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, seedsman, seedswoman, corn-chandler. =graissage=, _n.m._, greasing; grease. =graisse=, _n.f._, fat, fatness; grease; (pharm.) tallow. _— de rôti_; dripping. _— de cuisine_; kitchen-stuff. _— de rognon_; suet. _Tourner à la —_; (of wine) to get ropy. =graisser=, _v.a._, to grease; to make greasy; to make dirty; to lubricate, to oil. _— la patte à quelqu’un_; to give any one a sop, to fee, to tip. _— ses bottes_; (pop.) to prepare for a journey, to prepare for kingdom come. =graisser=, _v.n._, to get ropy (of wine). =graisserie=, _n.f._, grease-trade _or_ shop. =graisseu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, greasy; fatty. =graissier=, _n.m._, grease-merchant. =gralle=, _n.m._, (orni.) grallic, wading-bird. _V._ =échassier=. =grallipède=, _adj._, grallatory, long-legged. =gramen= (-mèn), _n.m._, gramineous plant. =graminée=, _adj.f._, gramineous. =graminée=, _n.f._, gramineous plant. =graminiforme=, _adj._, graminifolious. =grammaire=, _n.f._, grammar. _— raisonnée_; analytical grammar. =grammairien=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._ (-in, -è-n), grammarian. =grammatical=, =-e=, _adj._, grammatical. _Correction —e_; good grammar. =grammaticalement= (-kal-mān), _adv._, grammatically. =grammatiste=, _n.m._, grammatist. =gramme=, _n.m._, gramme (15·432 grains troy). =grand=, =-e=, _adj._, great, large; high, lofty, tall; wide; big, grown-up; capacious; huge; grand, noble, stately, majestic; broad (of daylight). _Homme —_; tall man. _— homme_; great man. _Une —e personne_; a grown-up person. _Les blés sont déjà —s_; the corn is already high. _Il fut — dans l’adversité_; he bore up well in adversity. _Un — personnage_; a great personage. _Il n’a pas — argent_; he has not much money. _Le — prêtre_; the high-priest. _Le — monde_; the fashionable world. _J’ai eu grand’peur_; I was greatly frightened. _La grand’messe_, (_—’—s_) high mass. Grand’garde, (_—’—s_) (milit.) outpost. _—es eaux_; floods, _or_ (fig.) the fountains at Versailles in full play. _Voleur de — chemin_; highwayman. _Le — ressort_; the main-spring. _Il est — jour_; it is broad daylight. _— livre_; ledger. _— livre de la dette publique_, _—-livre_; list of the creditors of the State. =grand=, _n.m._, grandee; nobleness, grandeur, grandness, great things. _pl._, the great, great people; (at school) the big boys. _Trancher du —_; to carry it with a high hand. _Du petit au —_; comparing little things with great ones. _Promesse de — n’est pas l’héritage_; put not your faith in the promises of the great. _En —_; on a large scale; in grand style; (paint.) at full length (portraits). =grand-duc=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) grand-duke. =grand-ducal=, _adj.m._, (_—-ducaux_), =grand-ducale=, _adj.f._, (_—-—s_) of a grand-duke. =grandelet=, =-te= (gran-dlè, -t), _adj._, biggish, pretty tall. =grandement= (gran-dmān), _adv._, grandly, nobly; greatly, vastly, highly, extremely, largely, very much; handsomely. =grandesse=, _n.f._, grandeeship. =grandeur=, _n.f._, size; height; length; breadth bulk, bulkiness; greatness, largeness, magnitude, hugeness, bigness; tallness; might; grandeur, nobleness; (titles) grace, highness. _Ils sont de même —_; they are of the same size. _De — naturelle_; life-size. _Il a un air de — qui impose_; he has an air of grandeur that commands respect. _— d’âme_; magnanimity. _Regarder quelqu’un du haut de sa —_; to look down upon any one. _Ma “—” ne va pas jusqu’à cette planche_; my “highness” cannot reach up to that shelf (V. Hugo). =grandiose=, _adj._, grand, imposing. =grandiose=, _n.m._, grandeur. =grandir=, _v.n._, to grow; to grow up, to spring up; to grow tall, to grow big; to increase, to magnify, to give importance to. _— trop pour ses habits_; to grow out of one’s clothes. _se_ =grandir=, _v.r._, to make one’s self appear taller; to become taller, to grow taller; to grow; to become greater, to raise one’s self, to rise. =grandissement=, _n.m._, growth, increase, rise. =grandissime=, _adj._, very great, very large. =grand’mère=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) grandmother. =grand-oncle=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) great-uncle. =grand-père=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) grandfather, grandsire. =grand’tante=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) great-aunt. =grand-vizir=, _n.m._, grand-vizier. =grange=, _n.f._, barn. _Batteur en —_; thrasher. =granit= (-nit), _n.m._, (min.), granite. =granitelle=, _adj._, (min.) granitoid. =granitique=, _adj._, (min.) granitic. =granivore=, _adj._, granivorous. =granulaire=, _adj._, (min.) granular. =granulation=, _n.f._, granulation. =granule=, _n.m._, (bot.) granule. =granulé=, =-e=, _part._, granulated, granular. _se_ =granuler=, _v.r._, to granulate. =granuleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, granulous, granular, granulated. =graphique=, _adj._, graphic, graphical. _Représentation —_; (math.) scheme. =graphiquement=, _adv._, graphically. =graphite=, _n.m._, (min.) graphite; plumbago. =graphomètre=, _n.m._, (math.) graphometer. =grapin=, _n.m._ _V._ =grappin=. =grappe=, _n.f._, bunch (of grapes, currants); cluster (of fruit); (artil.) grape, grapeshot; (vet.) grape, wart. _Mordre à la —_; to bite at the hook, to swallow the bait. _Croître en —_; to cluster. *=grappillage=, _n.m._, gleaning, pickings. *=grappiller=, _v.a._ and _n._, to glean grapes; to glean; to gain a trifle, to make a little profit. *=grappilleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, grape-gleaner; gleaner; petty extortioner. *=grappillon=, _n.m._, little bunch of grapes. =grappin=, _n.m._, (nav.) grapple, grappling, grappling-iron, hook; toasting-fork. _— à main_; hand grapple. _— de brûlot_; fire grappling. _Jeter le — sur quelqu’un_; to get any one into one’s clutches. =grappu=, =-e=, _adj._, loaded with bunches. =gras=, =-se=, _adj._, fat, fleshy, plump, full of fat, corpulent, obese; greasy, oily, unctuous; rich; broad, indecent; (paint.) thick; (print.) thick-faced (of letters). _— comme un moine_; as fat as butter. _Dormir la —se matinée_; to sleep all the morning; to get up late. _Il en fait ses choux —_; he feathers his nest with it. _Ce cheval a la vue —se_; this horse is dim-sighted. _Cette sauce est trop —se_; this gravy is too rich. _Soupe —se_; meat soup. _Dîner —_; meat dinner. _Du vin —_; thick, ropy wine. _De l’encre —se_; thick ink. _Terre —se_; heavy, clayey soil. _Terres —ses_; rich land. _Du son —_; fine bran. _Jour —_; meat-day. _Les jours —_; shrove days, shrove-tide. _Avoir la langue —se_; to speak thick. _Temps —_; hazy weather. _Cette comédie est trop —se_; this comedy is too broad. _Le pavé est —_; the pavement is slippery. _Cet homme n’en est pas plus —_; this man is none the better for it. =gras=, _n.m._, fat, fat part, fleshy part; meat; meat diet; calf (of the leg). _Faire —_, _manger —_; to eat meat. =gras-cuit=, _adv._, (of bread) heavy. =gras-double=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) tripe. =gras-fondu=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) _or_ =gras-fondure=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) (vet) molten grease. =gras-mollet=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (ich.) lump-fish. =grassement= (grâs-mān), _adv._, plentifully, largely, liberally; comfortably. _Payer —_; to pay generously. _Vivre —_; to live comfortably, to live well. =grasset=, =-te=, _adj._, fattish, pretty fat, pretty plump; (of meat) thin flank. =grasset=, _n.m._, (vet.) stifle; stifle-joint. =grassette=, _n.f._, (bot.) butterwort, sanicle. =grasseyement=, _n.m._, burring, rolling of r’s. =grasseyer=, _v.n._, to burr; to roll one’s r’s. *=grassouillet=, =-te=, _adj._, plump. =grat= (gra), _n.m._, place scratched by fowls. =grateron=, _n.m._, (bot.) scratch-weed; goose-grass; cleavers. =graticuler=, _v.n._, (paint.) to square. =gratification=, _n.f._, gratuity, reward, encouragement; present. =gratifier=, _v.a._, to confer on, to bestow on; to favor; to attribute, to ascribe. _— quelqu’un de ses bévues_; to father one’s blunders upon somebody else. _— quelqu’un d’un coup de poing_; to favor any one with a hiding. =gratin=, _n.m._, burnt part; scraping. _Au —_; (cook.) dressed with bread crumbs. =gratiné=, =-e=, _adj._, burnt; browned. =gratiole= (-ci-), _n.f._, (bot.) gratiola, hyssop. _— officinale_; hedge-hyssop. =gratis= (gra-tis), _adv._, gratis, for nothing, gratuitously; free of cost. =gratis=, _n.m._, exemption from cost; free gift. =gratitude=, _n.f._, gratitude, thankfulness. =gratte=, _n.f._, (nav.) scraper. _— double_; double-headed scraper. =gratté=, =-e=, _part._, scratched. =gratte-bosse=, _n.f._, (_—_) scratch-brush. =gratte-bosser=, _v.a._, to scratch with the brush in gilding. =gratte-cul=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (bot.) canker, dog-rose. _Il n’est point de si belle rose qui ne devienne —_; all beauty is subject to decay. =gratte-langue=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) tongue-scraper. =gratteleu-x=, =-se= (gra-tleû, -z), _adj._, itchy. =grattelle=, _n.f._, (med.) rash, itching. =gratte-navire=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) ship-scraper. =gratte-papier=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) scribbling drudge, quill driver. =gratter=, _v.a._, to scratch, to scrape, to claw, to dig, to paw. _Trop — cuit, trop parler nuit_; the least said the soonest mended. _— quelqu’un où il lui démange_; to talk of a thing that pleases any one. _— le papier_; to drive the quill. _se_ =gratter=, _v.r._, to scratch one’s self; to scrape one’s self. _Qui se sent galeux se gratte_; let him whom the cap fits wear it. =grattoir=, _n.m._, scratching-knife, scraper, eraser. =gratton=, _n.m._, (bot.) _V._ =grateron=. =gratuit=, =-e=, _adj._, gratuitous, free. _Supposition —e_; gratuitous supposition. =gratuité=, _n.f._, gratuity, free gift. =gratuitement= (-tui-tmān), _adv._, gratuitously; free, for nothing; groundlessly. =grauwacke=, _n.f._, (geol., min.) graywacke, greywacke; grit-rock. =gravatier= (-tié), _n.m._, rubbish-carter. =gravati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) dull, heavy. =gravats= (-vâ), _n.m.pl._ _V._ =gravois=. =grave=, _adj._, heavy; grave, serious, solemn, sedate, demure, sober; weighty, of importance; dangerous; low, deep, hollow, (mus.) flat. _Contenance_, _mine_, _—_; solemn look. _Blessure —_; dangerous wound. _Note —_; low note. _Ton —_; deep tone. _Accent —_; grave accent. =grave=, _n.m._, gravity; heavy body. _Passer du — au gai_; to pass from the grave to the gay. _Chute des —s_; (phys.) descent of bodies. =grave=, _n.f._, beach, strand in Newfoundland. =gravé=, =-e=, _part._, engraved. _Être — de petite vérole_; to be pitted with small-pox; to be pock-marked. =gravelage=, _n.m._, graveling. =gravelée= (gra-vlée), _adj.f._, crude. _Cendre —_; pearl ash. =graveleu-x=, =-se= (gra-vleû, -z), _adj._, troubled with gravel; gravely, sandy, gritty; obscene, smutty. _Terroir —_; gravely soil. _Fruit —_; stony fruit. _Crayon —_; gritty pencil. =graveleux=, _n.m._, (med.) person affected with gravel. =gravelle=, _n.f._, (med.) gravel. =gravelure= (gra-vlur), _n.f._, obscenity, broadness, ribaldry, smut, smuttiness. =gravement= (gra-vmān), _adv._, gravely, seriously, solemnly, soberly; grievously; (mus.) deeply. =graver=, _v.a._, to engrave; to grave; to impress, to imprint. _— à l’eau-forte_; to etch. _— en creux_; (engr.) to sink. _— au burin_; to engrave. _se_ =graver=, _v.r._, to be engraved; to be graven, to be impressed, imprinted. _Se — quelque chose dans l’esprit_; to impress anything on one’s mind. =graveur=, _n.m._, engraver. _— à l’eau-forte_; etcher. =gravier=, _n.m._, gravel, grit. _pl._, (med.) gravel. _Couvrir de —_; to gravel. =gravière=, _n.f._, gravel pit; (agri.) vetch and lentils; (orni.) plover. =gravimètre=, _n.m._, (phys.) gravimeter. =gravir=, _v.a._ and _n._, to clamber, to clamber up, to climb, to climb up, to scale, to ascend. =gravitation=, _n.f._, (phys.) gravitation. =gravité=, _n.f._, gravity; seriousness, solemnity, demureness, sedateness, graveness; weight, importance, (mus.) flatness, lowness. _Centre de —_; centre of gravity. _— de son_; deepness of sound. =graviter=, _v.n._, (phys.) to gravitate. =gravois=, _n.m._, _pl._, coarse plaster, mortar; rubbish (of plaster). _Enlever les —_; to carry away the rubbish. =gravure=, _n.f._, engraving, graving, cut, print. _— sur pierre_; stone-engraving. _— au burin_; stroke-engraving. _— en creux_; die-sinking; intaglio. _— en taille-douce_; copperplate-engraving. _— au trait_; line-engraving. _— sur acier_; steel engraving. _— sur bois_; wood-engraving. _— en caractères d’imprimerie_; letter-engraving. _— en pierres fines_; seal-engraving; engraving on precious stones. =gré=, _n.m._, will, wish; liking, pleasure; mind, taste, inclination; accord, consent. _De bon —_; willingly. _De mauvais —_, or _contre son —_; unwillingly, against the grain. _Il y est allé de son —_; he went of his own accord. _Cela est-il à votre —?_ is that to your liking? _Elle est assez à mon —_; I like her well enough. _Bon — mal —_, or _de — ou de force_; whether one will or no, willing or unwilling, willy nilly, nolens volens. _Au — des flots_; at the mercy of the waves. _Ses crins flottaient au — du vent_; his mane waved in the wind. _Prendre_, _avoir_, _recevoir en —_; to take in good part, to approve of. _Prendre en —_; to receive with resignation; to take a liking to. _Savoir —_, _bon —_, _beaucoup de —_, _à quelqu’un de quelque chose_; to be thankful to any one for anything. _Savoir mauvais — à quelqu’un de quelque chose_; not to thank any one for anything _or_ to resent interference. _Je lui en sais bon —_; I am deeply grateful to him. _Plein —_; free-will, own free-will. _Vendre de — à —_; to sell by private contract. =gréage=, _n.m._, (nav.) rigging. =grèbe=, _n.m._, (orni.) grebe. _— huppé_; great-crested grebe. =gre-c=, =-que=, _adj._, Greek, Grecian. =gre-c=, _n.m._, =-que=, _n.f._, Greek, Grecian. _m._, miser; sharper, black-leg, cheat. _Être — en quelque chose_; to be a dab at anything. =grec=, _n.m._, Greek language. _C’est du — pour moi_; that is Greek, Hebrew, to me. =gréciser=, _v.a._, to Hellenize. =grécisme=, _n.m._, grecism. =gréciste=, _n.m._, Grecian; Hellenist, Greek scholar. =grecque=, _n.f._, Greek woman, Grecian woman; (arch.) fret, fret-work; bookbinder’s saw; saw. _Orner de —s_; (arch.) to fret. _Orné d’une —_; (arch.) fretted. =grecquer=, _v.a._, (bookbind.) to saw-bind. =gredin=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, villain, scamp, scoundrel, blackguard; lapdog; slut. =gredinerie= (-di-n-rî), _n.f._, blackguardism, villainy, rascality. =gréement=, _n.m._, (nav.) rigging. _V._ =agrès=. =gréer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to rig. =gréeur=, _n.m._, (nav.) rigger. =greffe=, _n.m._, (jur.) registry, record-office; registrar’s office, clerk’s office. =greffe=, _n.f._, graft, grafting, engraftment. _— à l’anglaise_; whip-grafting. _— par approche_; graft by approach. _— en couronne_; crown-graft. _— en écusson_; shield-graft; graft by gems; budding. _— en fente_; chink-graft, cleft-graft, shoulder-graft. _— en flûte_; flute-graft. _Lever une —_; to take a graft. =greffer=, _v.a._, to graft. =greffeur=, _n.m._, grafter. =greffier=, _n.m._, registrar, recorder, clerk of the court. =greffoir=, _n.m._, grafting-knife. =grégaire=, _adj._, gregarious. =grège=, _adj._, raw (of silk). =grégeois= (-joâ), _adj._, only used in _Feu —_; Greek fire; wild fire. =grégorien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, Gregorian. ☉=grègues= (grèg), _n.f._, breeches. _Tirer ses —s_; to run away, to cut one’s sticks, to take to one’s heels. =grêle=, _n.m._, highest note (of a horn). =grêle=, _n.f._, hail, hail-storm; (of the eyelid), stye. _Grain de —_; hailstone. _— de coups_; shower of blows. =grêle=, _adj._, slender, slim, lank; shrill. _Des jambes —s_; spindle legs. _Voix —_; shrill voice. _Intestins —s_; (anat.) small intestines. =grêlé=, =-e=, _part._, ravaged by hail; pock-marked, pitted with small-pox. _Cet homme a été —_; that man has suffered great losses. _Un homme —_; a man pitted with small-pox. =grêler=, _v.imp._, to hail. _Il grêle_; it hails. =grêler=, _v.a._, to ravage by hail, to ruin. =grelet=, _n.m._, granite hammer. =grêlet=, =-te=, _adj._, thinnish, puny. =grelin=, _n.m._, (nav.) warp; stream-cable; (ich.) coal-fish. _— en queue de rat_; pointed stream-cable. =grêlon=, _n.m._, large hail-stone. =grelot=, _n.m._, little bell, hawk bell, rattle. _Attacher le —_; to bell the cat (to take the first step in a difficult enterprise). _Trembler le —_; to tremble, to shake (till one’s teeth chatter). =grelotter=, _v.n._, to quake, to shiver. =greluchon=, _n.m._, favored lover. =grément= _or_ =gréement=, _n.m._, (nav.) rigging. =grémial=, _n.m._, (c.rel.) gremial, (eccl.) bishop’s apron. =grémil=, _n.m._, (bot.) gromwell, gromil. =grémillet=, _n.m._, (bot.) scorpion-grass, scorpion’s tail. =grenade=, _n.f._, pomegranate; (milit.) grenade. =grenadier=, _n.m._, pomegranate-tree; pomegranate; (milit.) grenadier. _— sauvage_; (bot.) wild pomegranate. _Jurer comme un —_; to swear like a trooper. _C’est un —_, _c’est un vrai —_; she is a regular termagant. =grenadière=, _n.f._, ☉grenade-pouch; upper band (of a rifle). _Mettre son fusil à la —_; (milit.) to sling one’s musket. *=grenadille=, _n.f._, (bot.) grenadilla, passion-flower. =grenadin=, _n.m._, (cook.) small fricandeau. =grenadine=, _n.f._, grenadine (silk). *=grenaille=, _n.f._, granulated metal; refuse corn. *=grenailler=, _v.a._, to granulate. *_se_ =grenailler=, _v.r._, to granulate. =grenat=, _n.m._, (min.) garnet; great humming-bird; dried lemon-peel. _Couleur —_; garnet-red. =grené=, _n.m._, (engr.) stippling, blending. =greneler=, _v.a._, to grain (leather). =grener=, _v.n._, to seed, to run to seed; to produce seed. =grener=, _v.a._, to granulate, to corn; to grain (leather); (engr.) to stipple. _— de la poudre à canon_; to corn gunpowder. =grèneterie= (grè-n-trî), _n.f._, seed trade. =grèneti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, (grè-n-tié), seedsman; seedswoman. =grènetis= (grè-n-tî), _n.m._, milling, milled edge; milling punch, stamp. =grenettes=, _n.f.pl._, Avignon-berry, French-berry. =grenier=, _n.m._, granary, corn-loft, loft, cock-loft; garret; (nav.) floor-ceiling (of a ship). _— au foin_; hayloft. _En —_; in the granary, in store; (nav.) in bulk, unpacked. _Aller du — à la cave_, _de la cave au —_; to talk in a disjointed way, to tell a long rigmarole, to write up and down hill. _Charger en —_; (nav.) to load in bulk. *=grenouille=, _n.f._, frog; (print.) frog. *=grenouillère=, _n.f._, place full of frogs; marshy place; fen; (b.s.) damp, unhealthy house. *=grenouillet=, _n.m._, (bot.) Solomon’s seal, knee-grass. *=grenouillette=, _n.f._, (med.) ranula; (bot.) buttercup; frogbit. _V._ =ranule=. =grenu=, =-e=, _adj._, seedy, full of corn; granulous. _Epi bien —_; ear very full of corn. _Cuir bien —_; leather that has a good grain. _Huile —e_; clotted oil. _Marbre —_; grained marble. =grès=, _n.m._, sandstone; stoneware; (min.) grit, grit-stone, grit-rock. _— à bâtir_; free-stone. _— des rémouleurs_; grindstone. ☉=gréseu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, sandy, gritty. =grésière=, _n.f._, sandstone quarry. *=grésil=, _n.m._, sleet. *=grésillement=, _n.m._, shriveling, shriveling up; wrinkling, pattering, crackling (as parchment does in the fire); shriveled state; chirping (of crickets). *=grésiller=, _v.imp._, to sleet, to patter, to crackle. *=grésiller=, _v.a._, to shrivel, to shrivel up, to wrinkle, to chirp (of crickets). =gresserie= (grè-srî), _n.f._, sandstone, grit, free-stone; stoneware; sandstone quarry. =grève=, _n.f._, strand; Grève (a square at Paris, where capital punishments formerly took place); strike of workmen. _Faire_ or _se mettre en —_; to strike, to go out on strike (of workmen). _En —_; on strike. =grevé=, _n.m._, (jur.) heir of entail. =grever=, _v.a._, to wrong, to injure; to burden; to encumber (with debt, etc.). _Un pays grevé d’impôts_; a country burdened with taxes. _Terre grevée d’hypothèques_; estate encumbered with mortgages. _Terre non grevée_; unencumbered estate. =grianneau=, _n.m._, young heath-cock; young grouse. =griblette=, _n.f._, (cook.) hash of broiled meat. *=gribouillage=, _n.m._, scrawl; daub (paint.). *=gribouille=, _n.m._, simpleton, blockhead. *=gribouiller=, _v.a._, to scrawl, to scribble (writing); to daub (paint.). *=gribouillette=, _n.f._, scramble, scrambling. _Attraper quelque chose à la —_; to scramble for anything. _À la —_; negligently; carelessly; higgledy-piggledy. =gribouilleu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, scrawler, scribbler. _adj._, scrawling, scribbling, daubing. =gribouri=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) vine-grub. =grièche=, _adj._, (l.u.) prickly. _Ortie-—_ (_—s-—s_); sting-nettle. _Pie-—_ (_—s-—s_); shrew, scold, vixen. =grief= (gri-èf), _n.m._, grievance, wrong, injury; complaint. _Faire un — à quelqu’un_; to do any one an injury. _Redresser un —_; to redress an injury. _—s_, _—s et contredits_; (jur.) plea. =grièvement= (-èv-mān), _adv._, grievously, sorely, gravely, greatly, sadly, badly. =grièveté= (-èv-té), _n.f._, enormity, gravity, heinousness. =griffade=, _n.f._, clawing, scratch. =griffe=, _n.f._, claw; fang; pounce, talon; grasp; (gard.) bulb; stamped facsimile of a signature; (tech.) catch; music-pen. _Je suis sous ses —s_; I am in his clutches. _Donner un coup de — à quelqu’un_; to do any one an ill office; to speak ill of any one. _Apposer sa — à_; to put one’s signature to. =griffer=, _v.a._, (falconry) to take with the claws, to claw; to scratch (of cats); (pop.) to clutch, to grab. =griffon=, _n.m._, griffin, griffon (also a kind of water dog). =griffonnage=, _n.m._, scrawl, scrawling, scribbling, scribble. =griffonner=, _v.a._, to scrawl; to scribble. =griffonneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, scrawler, scribbler. *=grignon=, _n.m._, hard crust; residuum. *=grignoter=, _v.a._, to nibble; to get pickings. *=grignotis= (-ti), _n.m._, (engr.) crispness. =grigou=, _n.m._, beggarly fellow, miserable wretch; sordid miser. =gril= (gri), _n.m._, gridiron. _Être sur le —_; to be upon thorns, to be in a mess; to be on tenter hooks. *=grillade=, _n.f._, grilling, grill; broil; toast. _Mettre à la —_; to broil. *=grillage=, _n.m._, grilling, broiling, toasting; light iron railing; wire lattice; wire guard; (metal.) roasting. _— de bois_; (arch.) frame of timber. =grillager=, _v.a._, to lattice, to grate, to wire; to inclose with lattice work. *=grille=, _n.f._, grate; grating; railing, gate (garden). _— de fer_; iron railing. =grille-pain=, _n.m._, toasting-fork. *=griller=, _v.a._, to inclose with iron rails; to rail in; to grate; (cook.) to broil, to grill, to toast; (metal.) to roast; to scorch (of the sun). *_se_ =griller=, _v.r._, to be scorched; to be parched; to be roasted. *=griller=, _v.n._, (cook.) to broil; (fig.) to be on thorns, in hot water. *=grillet=, _n.m._, _or_ *=grillette=, _n.f._, (her.) hawk’s bell. *=grilleté=, =-e=, _adj._, (her., falconry) belled. *=grilletier= (-tié), _n.m._, grate-maker. *=grillon=, _n.m._, (ent.) cricket. _— domestique_; house-cricket. _—-taupe_ (_—s-—s_), _taupe-—_ (_—s-—s_); fen-cricket, mole-cricket. *=grillotter=, _v.n._, to chirp (like the cricket). =grimaçant=, =-e=, _adj._, grimacing, grinning, (fig.) gaping, ill-fitting (of shoes). =grimace=, _n.f._, grimace, wry face; humbug, cant; pin-cushion, wafer-box. _Faire la —_; to make faces. _Faire des —s à quelqu’un_; to make faces at any one, to grin at any one. _Faire la —_; to be disgusted, not to like it. _Cet habit fait la —_; that coat puckers. =grimacer=, _v.n._, to make faces, wry faces; to grin; to simper, to mince; to sham; to pucker. =grimacerie= (-ma-srî), _n.f._, (l.u.) grimaces; grinning. =grimaci-er=, =-ère=, _adj._ and _n._, grimacing; simpering; dissembling; canting, finical, mincing; simperer; dissembler, hypocrite, humbug. =grimaud=, =-e=, _adj._, (l.u.) (of children) cross, ill-tempered, peevish. =grimaud=, _n.m._, urchin, brat, dunce; scribbler, sorry writer, pedant. =grime=, _n.m._, ☉brat; (thea.) old man, old fogy. _Il joue les —s_; (thea.) he plays old men’s parts. _se_ =grimer=, _v.r._, (thea.) to paint, to make up, to play old men, old women’s parts, duennas, etc. =grimoire=, _n.m._, conjuring book, black-book; obscure language; illegible scrawl. _Il sait le —_; he knows what he is about. _C’est du — pour lui_; it is Greek to him. =grimpant=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) climbing. =grimpart=, _n.m._, (orni.) nut-hatch. =grimper=, _v.n._, to climb, to climb up, to clamber up, to creep up (of plants). =grimpereau=, _n.m._ _V._ =grimpart=. =grimpeurs=, _n.m.pl._, (orni.) climbers. =grincement= (grins-man), _n.m._, gnashing, grinding (of the teeth); grating. =grincer=, _v.a._, to gnash (the teeth); to grate. _Faire — les dents_; to make the teeth grate, to set the teeth on edge. =grincer=, _v.n._, to grind; to gnash; to grate. _— des dents_; to grind one’s teeth. _La porte grinça sur ses gonds rouillés_; the door grated on its rusty hinges. =grincheu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, ill-tempered, peevish, crabbed, surly. =gringalet=, _n.m._, weak, puny man, bit of a fellow, stripling, nobody. =gringolé=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) snake-headed. =gringotter=, _v.n._, to twitter; to hum. =gringotter=, _v.a._, to hum a tune badly. =gringuenaude=, _n.f._, (l.ex.) dirt, filth. =griot=, _n.m._, (of meal _or_ flour) seconds. =griotte=, _n.f._, marble with red and brown spots; morella cherry. =griottier=, _n.m._, (bot.) egriot-tree, morella tree. =grippe=, _n.f._, (l.u.) fancy, whim; hobby; crotchet, dislike; (med.) influenza. _Prendre quelqu’un en —_, _se prendre de — contre quelqu’un_; to take a dislike to any one. _— argent_; money-grubber. =grippé=, _part._, (med.) shrunk, contracted (of the face); (of persons) ill with influenza. =grippeminaud= (grip-minô), _n.m._, grimalkin (of a cat). =gripper=, _v.a._, to gripe, to clutch, to seize, to snatch up; to nab; to crib. _se_ =gripper=, _v.r._, to shrivel; to take a dislike to. =grippe-sou=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) pinch-penny; curmudgeon. =gris=, =-e=, _adj._, gray; gray-headed; tipsy, fuddled. _Cheveux —_; gray hair. _Lettres —es_; (print.) flourished letters. _Temps —_; raw, dull, cloudy weather. _Faire mine —e à quelqu’un_; to look black at any one. _Papier —_; brown paper. _En voir de —es_; to have an unpleasant time of it. _En faire voir de —es à_; to lead any one a dance. =gris=, _n.m._, gray. _— cendré_; ash-gray. _— pommelé_; dappled gray. _— brun_; drab. =gris-gris=, _n.m._, amulet. *=grisaille=, _n.f._, cameo with a gray ground; hair partly gray. *=grisailler=, _v.a._, to paint gray. *=grisailler=, _v.n._, (of hair) to turn gray. =grisâtre=, _adj._, grayish. =griser=, _v.a._, to give a gray tint to; to make tipsy, to fuddle. _se_ =griser=, _v.r._, to be intoxicated, to get tipsy, to be fuddled. =griser=, _v.n._, (dy.) to turn gray. =griset=, _n.m._, (orni.) young goldfinch. =grisette=, _n.f._, gray gown, russet gown; (orni.) white-throat; grisette, gay work girl. =grisoller=, _v.n._, to warble, to carol (of the lark). =grison=, =-ne=, _adj._, gray, gray-haired, gray-headed. =grison=, _n.m._, gray-beard (old man); donkey, ass (person); footman in gray livery; private agent; detective. =grisonnant=, _adj._, getting gray. =grisonner=, _v.n._, to grow gray (of hair). =grisou=, _n.m._, (mining) fire-damp. =grive=, _n.f._, (orni.) thrush. _Il est soûl comme une —_; he is as drunk as a fiddler. _Faute de —s on mange des merles_; half a loaf is better than no bread. =grivelé=, =-e= (gri-vlé), _adj._, speckled. =griveler=, _v.a.n._, to pilfer, to filch. ☉=griveleur=, _n.m._, pilferer. =grivois=, =-e=, _adj._, jolly; broad, obscene. _Conte —_; broad story. =grivois=, _n.m._, jolly dog. =grivoise=, _n.f._, jolly wench. =grog=, _n.m._, grog. _— américain_; hot punch. *=grognard=, =-e=, _adj._, grumbling, growling. *=grognard=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, grumbler, growler; veteran of the first French Empire. *=grognement=, _n.m._, grunt, grunting, growling, grumbling. *=grogner=, _v.n._, to grunt, to growl, to grumble. *=grogneu-r=, =-se=, _adj._ and _n._, grumbling, growling; grumbler, growler. *=grognon=, _adj.m.f._, grumbling, growling. *=grognon=, _n.m.f._, grumbler, growler. =groin=, _n.m._, snout (of a hog). =groisil=, _n.m._, broken or pounded glass. =grolle=, _n.f._, (orni.) rook. =groller=, _v.n._, to croak, to grumble. =grommeler= (grom-lé), _v.n._, to grumble, to mutter; to grunt. =grondant=, =-e=, _adj._, scolding; roaring, rumbling. =grondement=, _n.m._, rumbling, roaring, growling; snarl, snarling; roaring, peal. =gronder=, _v.n._, to growl, to grumble, to mutter; to snarl, to rumble, to roar, to peal. =gronder=, _v.a._, to chide, to scold, to reprimand. =gronderie= (-drî), _n.f._, scolding, chiding. =grondeu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, grumbling, scolding. =grondeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, scold; grumbler. =grondin=, _n.m._, (ich.) red gurnet. =groneau=, _n.m._, gray gurnet. =groom=, _n.m._, (_—s_) groom, buttons, tiger. =gros=, =-se=, _adj._, large, big, great, bulky; pregnant, with child; loud (of laughter); dark (of color); rough (of the voice); heavy (of cavalry); coarse, thick; rich, substantial; foul, bad, heavy (of the weather); high. _— bon sens_; plain common sense. _— mots_; oaths, high words. _—se somme d’argent_; large sum of money. _— drap_; coarse cloth. _— souliers_; thick shoes. _— rhume_; bad cold. _—se viande_; butcher’s meat. _— lourdaud_; blockhead. _Un — marchand_; a substantial tradesman. _— bonnet_; big-wig. _— temps_; foul, rough, heavy weather. _La mer est —se_; the sea runs high. _Une —se femme_; a stout woman. _Une femme —se_; a pregnant woman. _Toucher la grosse corde_; to come to the main point. _Jouer — jeu_; to play high. _À la —se_; roughly; (com.) on bottomry. =gros=, _n.m._, large part; bulk, mass; main body (of an army); large hand (writing); (com.) wholesale. _Vendre en —_; to sell wholesale. _En — et en détail_; wholesale and retail. _Faire le — de la besogne_; to do the heavy work. =gros=, _adv._, much. _Gagner —_; to earn, to win much, a great deal. =gros-bec=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (orni.) grosbeak. =gros canon=, _n.m._, (print.) French canon. *=groseille=, _n.f._, _— à grappes_; red currant, white currant. _— à maquereau_, _— verte_; gooseberry. *=groseillier=, _n.m._, red-currant-tree, white-currant-tree; gooseberry-bush. _— noir_; (l.u.) black-currant-tree. _V._ =cassis=. *=groseillon=, _n.m._, small currant. =gros-jean=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) a vulgar fellow, a countryman, mere nobody. _Être — comme devant_; to be as you were (_i.e._, no better off). _— en remontre à son curé_; (prov.) to teach one’s grandmother how to suck eggs. =grosse=, _n.f._, gross (twelve dozen); large hand (writing); bottomry; (jur.) copy. _Contrat à la —_; bottomry bond. _Prêt à la —_; bottomry loan. =grossement=, _adv._, grossly, coarsely. =grosserie= (grô-srî), _n.f._, ironmongery; wholesale. _Il ne fait que la —_; he is a wholesale dealer only. =grossesse=, _n.f._, pregnancy. =grosseur=, _n.f._, bigness, largeness, hugeness, size, bulk; swelling. =grossi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, coarse, thick; homely, plain, common; clumsy, rough, rude; unpolished, uncivilized; unmannerly, scurrilous; churlish, unpolite, uncouth, boorish. _Des meubles —s_; clumsy furniture. _Mœurs —ères_; unpolished manners. _Vous êtes bien —_; you are very unmannerly. _Il m’aborda d’un air —_; he accosted me rudely. _Erreur —ère_; gross mistake. =grossièrement= (-sièr-mān), _adv._, coarsely, rudely, roughly, uncouthly, boorishly, unmannerly, scurrilously; churlishly; grossly, indecently. =grossièreté= (-sièr-té), _n.f._, coarseness, grossness; rudeness, clownishness, roughness, incivility, bluntness, unmannerliness; coarse language, scurrility; clumsiness, awkwardness; churlishness. _Il lui a dit des —s_; he said rude things to him. =grossir=, _v.a._, to make bigger, greater; to enlarge, to augment, to increase; to swell, to swell out; to magnify. _se_ =grossir=, _v.r._, to grow bigger, larger; to increase in size; to increase, to augment, to be increased; to swell; to magnify. =grossir=, _v.n._, to get big, large; to grow stout, to magnify; to enlarge; to swell out. =grossissant=, _adj._, magnifying. _Verre —_; magnifying glass. =grossissement= (-sis-mān), _n.m._, magnifying, enlargement, increase; exaggeration. =grosso-modo=, _adv._, summarily, generally, roughly. =grossoyer=, _v.a._, to engross, to copy in a large hand. =grotesque=, _n.m._ and _adj._, grotesque; grotesque figure; grotesque dancer; clown. =grotesquement=, _adv._, grotesquely. =grotte=, _n.f._, grotto, grot; crypt. *=grouillant=, =-e=, _adj._, (pop.) stirring, moving about; swarming, crawling. _Tout — de vermine_, crawling with vermin. *=grouillement= (groo-), _n.m._, (pop.) rumbling (of the intestines); rattling; stirring, swarming. *=grouiller=, _v.n._, (pop.) to stir, to move; to rumble (of the intestines); to shake (the head with old age); to swarm. _Le ventre me grouille_; my belly rumbles. _La tête lui grouille_; his head shakes. _Cela grouille de vermine_; that is alive with vermin. =group= (groop), _n.m._, (com.) sealed bag of specie. =groupe=, _n.m._, group, cluster, clump (of trees); crowd, flock, (print.) heading. =groupement=, _n.m._, grouping. =grouper=, _v.a._, to group. _se_ =grouper=, _v.r._, to form into groups, to be grouped, to gather, to collect. =grouper=, _v.n._, (paint.) to group. =gruau=, _n.m._, oat-meal; gruel, groats; (tech.) small crane. _Farine de —_; groats. _Pain de —_; finest wheaten bread. =grue=, _n.f._, (orni., tech.) crane; (astron.) Grus; simpleton, goose. _Faire le pied de —_; to dance attendance. ☉=gruerie=, _n.f._, wood-mote. =grugeon=, _n.m._, lump (of sugar). =gruger=, _v.a._, to craunch, to eat, to eat up, to devour. _— du sucre_; to craunch sugar. =grugerie=, _n.f._, craunching. =grugeur=, _n.m._, squanderer, sponger, parasite. =grume=, _n.f._, bark. _En —_; with the bark on. =grumeau=, _n.m._, clod, clot, lump. _se_ =grumeler=, _v.r._, to clot. =grumeleu-x=, =-se= (gru-mleû, -z), _adj._, clotted, grumous; rugged, rough. _Sang —_; clotted blood. _Poires —ses_; rough pears. =gruyer=, _n.m._, a justice in eyre. =gruy-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, of the crane. _Faucon —_; hawk trained to fly the crane. _Faisan —_; crane pheasant. ☉_Seigneur —_; lord having certain rights on the woods of his vassals. =gruyère=, _n.m._, Gruyere cheese. =guano= (gooa-no), _n.m._, guano. =gué= (ghé), _n.m._, ford. _Passer une rivière à —_; to ford a river. _Sonder le —_; to probe the ford; (fig.) to sound a person. =guéable= (ghé-), _adj._, fordable. =guèbre=, _n.m._ _V._ =gaure=. =guédasse=, _n.f._, weed-ash. =guède= (ghèd), _n.f._, (dy.) woad, dyer’s-woad, pastel. =guéder= (ghé-dé), _v.a._, to dye with woad; ☉to cram, to stuff (with food). ☉_se_ =guéder=, _v.r._, to cram one’s self with food. =guéer= (ghéé), _v.a._, to ford. _— un cheval_; to water a horse. _— du linge_; to wash linen (in a river). _Se —_, _v.r._, to be forded. =guelfe=, _n.m._, (Italian hist.) Guelph. *=guenille= (ghĕ-), _n.f._, rag, tatter; rubbish, trifle, trumpery, thing. *=guenilleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, tattered, ragged, in rags; rubbishy, trumpery, worthless. *=guenillon= (ghĕ-), _n.m._, little rag; scrap. =guenipe= (ghĕ-), _n.f._, slut, trollop; drab. =guenon= (ghĕ-), _n.f._, (mam.) monkey; she-monkey; fright, ugly woman; strumpet. =guenuche= (ghĕ-), _n.f._, young she-monkey. _— coiffée_; over-dressed woman; ape in petticoats. =guépard=, _n.m._, (mam.) cheetah. =guêpe= (ghêp), _n.f._, (ent.) wasp. _—-frelon_ (_—s-—s_); hornet. _Mouche-—_ (_—s-—s_); wasp-fly. _Taille de —_; very slender waist. _Nid de —_; wasps’ nest. =guêpier=, _n.m._, wasps’ nest; (orni.) bee-eater; scrape, difficulty. _Donner_, _tomber_, _dans un —_; to get into a scrape. ☉=guerdon= (ghèr-), _n.m._, guerdon, recompense, reward, meed. ☉=guerdonner=, _v.a._, to requite, to reward, to recompense. =guère= _or_ =guères= (ghèr), _adv._, but little, not much, not very; not long; hardly, scarcely, very few. _N’avoir — d’argent_; to have but little money. _Il n’est — sage_; he is not very wise. _Il ne tardera — à venir_; it will not be long before he comes _or_ he will soon come. _Il ne s’en faut —_; it wants but little. _N’avoir — plus_; to have little more. _N’avoir — moins_; to have little less. _Je ne le vois —_; I hardly ever see him. =guéret= (ghé-rè), _n.m._, (agri.) land unsown, fallow-land. _pl._, (poet.) fields. =guéridon= (ghé-), _n.m._, gueridon, round table, centre table, loo-table, stand; (nav.) scoop. =guérilla= (ghé-), _n.f._, guerilla. =guérilla=, _n.m._, guerilla-soldier. =guérir= (ghé-), _v.a._, to heal, to cure. _— la fièvre_; to cure a fever. _— quelqu’un d’une erreur_; to rid any one of an error. _Cela ne me guérira de rien_; that will be of no use to me. _se_ =guérir=, _v.r._, to recover, to be cured, to heal, to be healed, to recover one’s health, to mend; to get rid, to be rid of. _Se — de ses préventions_; to get rid of one’s prejudices. _Médecin, guéris-toi toi-même_; physician, heal thyself. =guérir=, _v.n._, to heal, to heal up; to recover, to be cured; to get rid, to be rid. _On ne guérit point de la peur_; fear admits of no cure. =guérison= (ghé-), _n.f._, recovery, healing, cure. _Il lui doit sa —_; he owes his recovery to him. =guérissable=, _adj._, curable. =guérisseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (b.s.) healer, curer. =guérite= (ghé-), _n.f._, sentry-box; turret, watch-tower. _Gagner la —_; to take to one’s heels, to make off. =guerre= (ghèr), _n.f._, war; warfare; strife, dissension, contest. _— à mort_; war to the knife. _— de plume_; paper warfare. _Vaisseau de —_; man-of-war. _Petite —_; sham fight; war on a small scale. _Cri de —_; war-cry. _Foudre de —_; great warrior _or_ general. _Gens de —_; military men. _Place de —_; fortified town, fortress. _Nom de —_; nickname; assumed name. _Aller à la petite —_; to go out pillaging. _Faire la — avec_; to serve with, to be a fellow-soldier. _Faire la — à ses passions_; to struggle against one’s passions. _Faire la — à_; to be at war with. _Il lui en fit la —_; he found fault with him for it. _Faire la — à l’œil_; to be on the look-out for opportunities. _Faire bonne — à quelqu’un_; to deal fairly with any one. _De bonne —_; by fair play, by fair means. _À la — comme à la —_; one must take things as they come. _Qui terre a, — a_; much coin, much care. _Moitié —, moitié marchandise_; armed (of ships); (fig.) half-willingly, half-compulsorily. _Faire une chose de — lasse_; to do a thing against one’s will, after long resistance. _En —_; at variance. =guerri-er=, =-ère=, _n._ and _adj._, warrior; female warrior; warlike; martial. =guerroyant=, =-e=, _adj._, martial, combative, pugnacious. =guerroyer=, _v.n._, to make war, to wage war, to war. =guerroyeur=, _n.m._, man fond of fighting. =guet= (ghè), _n.m._, watch; watching; sentinel. _— de nuit_; patrol, night-watch. _Mot du —_; watchword. _Maison du —_; round-house. _Crier au —_; to call the watch. _Être au —_, _avoir l’œil au —_, _l’oreille au —_; to be on the watch, to be on the look-out. _Ce chien est de très bon —_; this is a very good watch-dog. _Se donner le mot du —_; to act in concert. _Faire le —_; to watch, to keep watch; to look out, to be on the look-out. _Au —_; on the watch, on the look-out. =guet-apens= (ghè-ta-pān), _n.m._, (_—s-—_) ambush, ambuscade; willful injury; lying in wait. _De —_; by lying in wait. _Dresser un — à_; to waylay. =guêtre= (ghê-tr), _n.f._, gaiter. _Grande —_; legging. _Tirer ses —s_; to run away; to hook it. _Laisser ses —s quelque part_; to leave one’s bones somewhere. =guêtré=, =-e=, _adj._, gaitered. =guêtrer=, _v.a._, to put on gaiters, to gaiter. _se_ =guêtrer=, _v.r._, to put on one’s gaiters. =guêtrier=, _n.m._, gaiter-maker. =guetter= (ghé-té), _v.a._, to lie in wait for, to watch for, to be upon the watch for; to dog the footsteps of, to watch; to wait for, to await. =guetteur=, _n.m._, (nav.) signal-man, lookout-man. =gueulard= (gheu-lar), _n.m._, furnace-mouth; gully-hole. =gueulard=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (pop.) brawler, bawler; glutton. _adj._, (of horses) hard-mouthed. =gueule= (gheul), _n.f._, mouth (of an animal); jaws, chops. _— renversée_; (arch.) ogive. _À — dépourvue de dents_; (ich.) leather-mouthed. _En —_; (bot.) labiated. _La — d’un chien_; the mouth of a dog. _— de canon_; muzzle of a gun. _La — d’un sac_; the mouth of a sack. _Mettre quelqu’un à la — du loup_; to put any one in the clutches of his enemy. _— fraîche_; (triv.) person always ready to eat. _Homme fort en —_; (triv.) abusive man; great gabbler. _Femme trop forte en —_; (triv.) ill-tongued woman. _Fine —_; (fam.) epicure, judge of good living. _Il n’a que de la —_; (triv.) he is all talk. _Donner sur la — à quelqu’un_; (triv.) to give any one a dressing. _Il est venu la — enfarinée_; (triv.) he came blundering and full of confidence. _Il a la — pavée_; (triv.) his throat must be paved. _Il a la — morte_; (triv.) he is down in the mouth. =gueule-de-loup=, _n.f._, cowl, chimney cowl; (_—s-—_) (bot.) snapdragon, calf’s snout. =gueulée=, _n.f._, (l.ex.) large mouthful; indecent expression. =gueuler= (gheu-lé), _v.n._, (pop.) to bawl, to squall, to clamor, to mouth. =gueuler=, _v.a._, (hunt.) to take up, to seize. =gueules=, _n.m._, (her.) gules. _Porter des —_; to bear gules. *=gueusaille= (gheu-), _n.f._, parcel of beggars, low set, rabble, riffraff. =gueusailler=, _v.n._, to beg, to loaf, to go begging. =gueusant=, =-e= (gheu-), _adj._, begging, mumping. =gueusard=, _n.m._, beggar, scoundrel, blackguard, ragamuffin, loafer. =gueuse= (gheuz), _n.f._, pig-iron; beggar; bad woman, wench, hussy. =gueuser=, _v.a._ and _n._, (fam.) to beg; to clamour for. _— des encens_; to clamour after praise. =gueuserie= (gheû-zrî), _n.f._, beggary, beggarliness; trash; poverty, mendicity, villainy. =gueuset=, _n.m._, pig-iron. =gueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, poor, beggarly, wretched, destitute. _— comme un rat d’église_; as poor as a church-mouse. =gueux=, _n.m._, beggar; knave, rascal, ragamuffin, scoundrel. _Tas de —_; pack of scoundrels. _— revêtu_; upstart, beggar on horseback. =gui= (ghi), _n.m._, mistletoe; (nav.) main-boom (of a sloop, of a brig). =guibre= (ghi-br), _n.f._, (nav.) cut-water. =guichet= (ghi-shè), _n.m._, wicket; grating; door; shutter, small window. _À remettre au —_; to be handed in over the counter. =guichetier= (ghish-tié), _n.m._, turnkey. =guide= (ghid), _n.m._, guide; guide-book; text-book; (milit.) fugleman. =guide=, _n.f._, rein (of a bridle). _Conduire à grandes —s_; to drive four-in-hand. _Mener la vie à grandes —s_; to live in grand style, a very fast life. =guide-âne=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) guide-book. =guide-chaîne=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) (horl.) guard, ratchet. =guide-main=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) (of the piano-forte) chiroplast, hand-guide. =guider= (ghi-dé), _v.a._, to guide, to lead, to conduct; to direct; to actuate; (nav.) to steer. =guidon= (ghi-), _n.m._, (milit.) field-colors, guidon; (of fire-arms) sight; (of writings) reference, marks; (nav.) broad pendant; (mus.) direction; handle-bar. _— de renvoi_; reference. =guifette= (ghi-), _n.f._, (orni.) sea-swallow. *=guignard= (ghi-), _n.m._, (orni.) dotterel. *=guigne= (ghi-), _n.f._, black-heart cherry; (fam. and fig.) ill-luck. =guigner= (ghi-), _v.a._, (fam.) to wink at, to ogle, to peer at; to covet; to peep at; to have in view, to have a design upon. _— une charge_; to have an eye to some post. *=guigner=, _v.n._, to leer, to peer, to ogle. *=guignette= (ghi-), _n.f._, (orni.) common sand-piper. *=guignier= (ghi-), _n.m._, black-heart cherry-tree. =guignol=, _n.m._, puppet-show; Punch and Judy show. *=guignon= (ghi-), _n.m._, (fam.) bad luck, ill-luck. _Avoir du —_; to be unlucky. _Être en —_; to have a run of ill-luck. =guignonnant=, =-e=, _adj._, provoking. =guigue= (gig), _n.f._, (nav.) gig. *=guildive= (ghi-), _n.f._, (l.u.) tafia, rum. *=guillage= (ghi-), _n.m._, working, fermentation (of beer). *=guillaume= (ghi-), _n.m._, rabbet plane. *=guilledin= (ghi-), _n.m._, gelding. *=guilledou= (ghi-), _n.m._, (pop.) places of ill-fame. _Courir le —_; to frequent places of ill-fame. *=guillemet= (ghi-), _n.m._, (print.) inverted comma. *=guillemeter=, _v.a._, to put between inverted commas. *=guillemot= (ghi-), _n.m._, (orni.) guillemot. =guiller=, _v.n._, to work, to ferment (of beer). *=guilleret=, =-te= (ghi-), _adj._, sprightly, gay, lively, dapper. _Il a l’air —_; he has a sprightly air. *=guilleri= (ghi-), _n.m._, chirping (of sparrows). =guillet=, _n.m._, tip cat (game). *=guillocher= (ghi-), _v.a._, (arch.) to engine-turn. *=guillochis= (ghi-), _n.m._, (arch.) engine-turning. *=guillotine= (ghi-), _n.f._, guillotine. *=guillotiné=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, person guillotined; executed. *=guillotinement=, _n.m._, guillotining. *=guillotiner=, _v.a._, to guillotine, to behead. =guimauve= (ghi-), _n.f._, marsh-mallow. *=guimaux= (ghi-), _n.m.pl._, meadows mowed twice a year. =guimbarde= (ghin-), _n.f._, wagon, van; jew’s-harp; rickety old coach. =guimpe= (ghinp), _n.f._, stomacher, chemisette; veil (for nuns). =guinard=, _n.m._, (ich.) red gurnet. =guindage= (ghin-), _n.m._, (nav.) hoisting. =guindant= (ghin-), _n.m._, (nav.) hoist (of flags). =guinde=, _n.f._, =guinda=, =guindeau=, _n.m._, (nav.) windlass, hoist. =guindé=, =-e=, _part._, stiff, strained, forced, unnatural; (of style) stilted, formal. _Cet homme est toujours —_; that man is always as stiff as a poker. =guinder= (ghin-dé), _v.a._, to hoist, to strain, to force; (nav.) to hoist up (masts); (of style) to strain, to force. _se_ =guinder=, _v.r._, to be strained; to be forced, to bridle up. =guinderesse= (ghin-drès), _n.f._, (nav.) top-rope. =guinderie= (ghin-drî), _n.f._, constraint, stiffness. =guinée= (ghi-), _n.f._, guinea; long cloth. =guingan= (ghin-), _n.m._, gingham. =guingois= (ghin-ghoa), _n.m._, crookedness. _De —_; awry, cross-grained. _Marcher tout de —_; to walk crookedly. _Avoir l’esprit de —_; to be cross-grained. =guinguette= (ghin-ghèt), _n.f._, road-side inn; tea-garden. =guiorant=, =-e=, _adj._, squeaking. =guiorer= (ghi-), _v.n._, (of mice) to squeak. =guipon= (ghi-), _n.m._, (nav.) mop. =guipure= (ghi-), _n.f._, guipure-lace. =guirlande= (ghir-), _n.f._, garland, wreath; girdle (of jewels); (arch.) belt (of a column). =guise= (ghiz), _n.f._, manner, way; fancy, humor. _En — de_; by way of. _Chacun vit à sa —_; everybody lives as he likes. _Faire à sa —_; to do as one likes; to have one’s own way. =guitardin= (ghi-), _n.m._, (bot.) fiddle-wood. =guitare= (ghi-), _n.f._, guitar. _Jouer_, _pincer_, _de la —_; to play the guitar. =guitariste=, _n.m.f._, guitarist, guitar-player. =guiterne= (ghi-), _n.f._, (nav.) prop. =guit-guit= (ghi-ghi), _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) a variety of humming-birds. =guiton= (ghi-), _n.m._, (nav.) dog-watch. =guivre=, _n.f._ _V._ =givre=. =gulf-stream=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) (geog.) Gulf-Stream. =gumène=, _n.f._, (her.) cable (of an anchor). =gustatif=, _adj.m._, (anat.) (of nerves) gustatory, hypoglossal. =gustation=, _n.f._, tasting, gustation. =gutta-percha= (-ka), _n.f._, (_n.p._) gutta-percha. =gutte=. _V._ =gomme=. =guttier=, _n.m._, (bot.) gamboge-tree. =guttifères=, _n.m.pl._, (bot.) guttiferæ. =guttiforme=, _adj._, drop-shaped. =guttural=, =-e= (gut-tu-), _adj._, guttural. =gutturale=, _n.f._, guttural. =gymnase= (jim-nâz), _n.m._, gymnasium. =gymnaste=, _n.m._, gymnast. =gymnastique=, _n.f._, gymnastics. =gymnastique=, _adj._, gymnastic. =gymnique=, _adj._, gymnic. =gymnique=, _n.f._, gymnic. =gymnosophiste=, _n.m._, gymnosophist. =gymnosperme=, _adj._, (bot.) gymnospermous. =gymnospermie=, _n.f._, (bot.) gymnospermia. =gymnote=, _n.m._, gymnotus. _— électrique_; electric eel. =gynandre=, _adj._, (bot.) gynandrous. =gynandrie=, _n.f._, (bot.) gynandria. =gynécée=, _n.m._, women’s apartment, gyneceum, gynæceum. =gynécocratie= (-ci), _n.f._, gynæcocracy, petticoat government. =gynécocratique=, _adj._, of a gynæcocracy. =gypaète=, _n.m._, (orni.) griffin, bearded vulture, lammergeier. =gypse=, _n.m._, gypsum, parget; plaster of Paris. =gypseu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, gypseous. =gyratoire=, _adj._ _V._ =giratoire=. =gyromancie=, _n.f._, gyromancy. =gyroselle=, _n.f._, (bot.) Virginian cowslip. =gyrovague=, _n.m._, wandering monk; tramp. H [All words in which the _h_ is aspirated, are marked thus †.] =h=, _n.m.f._, the eighth letter of the alphabet, h. †=ha!= _int._, ah! ha! =habeas corpus=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) habeas-corpus. =habile=, _adj._, able, clever, skillful; expert, sharp, quick; qualified; capable; knowing, cunning; (nav.) able-bodied. _— dans les affaires_; skillful in business. =habilement= (a-bil-mān), _adv._, cleverly, skillfully, ably; dexterously; knowingly. =habileté= (a-bil-té), _n.f._, ability, skill, cleverness, skillfulness, artfulness, sharpness. =habilissime=, _adj._, very clever, very skillful. =habilitation=, _n.f._, (jur.) habilitation, qualification, aptitude. =habilité=, _n.f._, (jur.) competency, qualification. *=habiliter=, _v.a._, (jur.) to qualify. *=habillage=, _n.m._, (cook.) trussing poultry. =habillant=, =-e=, _adj._, dressy, nice, rich. =habillé=, =-e=, _part._, dressed, clothed, clad, decked out. =habillement=, _n.m._, clothes, clothing, dress, wearing apparel, attire. _— complet_; complete suit of clothes. *=habiller=, _v.a._, to dress, to clothe; to make clothes for; to wrap up; to become; to fit; (cook.) to prepare. _Ce tailleur m’habille_; that tailor makes my clothes, works for me. _Il habille bien_; he works well. _Cette étoffe vous habille bien_; that stuff becomes you very well. _— une pensée en vers_; to clothe a thought in verse. _— de la volaille_; to draw and truss fowls. _— du poisson_; to gut and scale fish. _— du cuir_; to dress leather. _s’_=habiller=, _v.r._, to dress one’s self; to have one’s clothes made; to find one’s own clothes; to abuse each other. _Cet homme s’habille bien_; that man dresses well. =habilleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (thea.) dresser; skin-dresser. =habit=, _n.m._, garment, dress, apparel, garb; coat, dress coat. _pl._, clothes, wearing apparel. _— bourgeois_; private clothes. _— complet_; suit of clothes. _— habillé_; dress coat, full dress, evening dress. _— galonné_; laced-coat. _— de cheval_; riding-coat. _—s de deuil_; mourning. _Porter un — râpé_; to wear a shabby, seedy coat. _L’— ne fait pas le moine_; it is not the cowl that makes the friar; it is not the coat that makes the man. _Prendre l’—_; to become a monk _or_ (of a nun) to take the veil. =habitabilité=, _n.f._, habitableness; habitability. =habitable=, _adj._, inhabitable, habitable. =habitacle=, _n.m._, ☉habitation, abode, dwelling; (nav.) binnacle. =habitant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, inhabitant, resident, inmate; occupant, occupier; denizen. _Les —s des bois_; the denizens of the woods. =habitat=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) habitat. =habitation=, _n.f._, habitation, residence, abode, tenement, dwelling-place; place of abode; plantation, settlement (in a colony); (zoöl., bot.) habitat, haunt. _Maison d’—_; (jur.) dwelling-house. =habiter=, _v.a._, to inhabit, to dwell in, to live in, to reside in, to frequent. _— un lieu_; to live in a place. =habiter=, _v.n._, to inhabit; to dwell in; to reside in; (jur.) to cohabit. =habitude=, _n.f._, habit, custom, use; practice, wont; (b.s.) trick. _Il n’en fait pas une habitude_; he does not make a custom of it. _L’— est une autre nature_; use is a second nature. _Faire quelque chose par —_; to do a thing from habit. _Faire perdre une vilaine — à quelqu’un_; to break any one of a bad habit, of a nasty trick. _D’—_; usual, habitual; usually, generally. =habitué=, =-e=, _part._, used, accustomed. =habitué=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, frequenter, customer. _Les —s d’un café_; the regular customers of a tavern. _Ce monsieur est un de nos —s_; that gentleman is one of our regular customers. =habituel=, =-le=, _adj._, habitual, customary, usual. =habituellement= (-èl-mān), _adv._, habitually, customarily, usually. =habituer=, _v.a._, to use, to accustom, to habituate, to inure. _— les jeunes gens à la fatigue_; to inure young men to fatigue. _s’_=habituer=, _v.r._, to accustom, to inure, one’s self. _Je m’y habituerai_; I shall get used to it. _S’— au climat_; to get inured to the climate. †=hâbler=, _v.n._, to brag, to boast, to draw the long-bow. †=hâblerie=, _n.f._, bragging, boasting, drawing the long-bow. †=hâbleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, bragger, boaster. †=hache=, _n.f._, ax, hatchet. _— d’armes_; battle-ax, pole ax. _Fait à coups de —_; clumsily made, roughly done. _— d’abordage_; boarding-hatchet. †=haché=, =-e=, _adj._, (style) abrupt, irregular, desultory. †=hache-paille=, _n.m._, (_—_) chaff-cutter. †=hacher=, _v.a._, to chop, to hew, to hack, to cut to pieces; (engr.) to hatch; (cook.) to hash, to mince; (drawing) to tint. _— menu_; to chop small; (cook.) to mince. _— en morceaux_; to cut to pieces. _— quelqu’un menu comme chair à pâté_; to make mince-meat of any one. †=hachereau= (ha-shrô), _n.m._, little ax, hatchet. †=hachette=, _n.f._, hacking-knife, hatchet. †=hachis=, _n.m._, (cook.) minced meat, hash. †=hachisch=, _n.m._ (_n.p._), hashish. †=hachoir=, _n.m._, chopping-board; chopping-knife; chaff-cutter. †=hachure=, _n.f._, (engr.) hatching. †=hagard=, =-e=, _adj._, haggard, wild. =hagiographe=, _n.m._, hagiographer. =hagiographe=, _adj._, hagiographic. =hagiographie=, _n.f._, hagiography. =hagiologique=, _adj._, hagiological. †=haha=, _n.m._, ha-ha, haw-haw. †=hahé!= _int._, (hunt.) tally-ho! †=hai!= _int._, hey! well! indeed! bless me! †=haie=, _n.f._, hedge, hedgerow; beam of a plow; row, line. _— vive_; quickset hedge. _Se ranger en —_; to form a line. _Fermer d’une —_; to hedge in. _Border la —_; to line a road (with troops). †=haïe!= _int._, (carter’s cry) gee ho! *†=haillon=, _n.m._, rag, rags, tatters. †=haine=, _n.f._, hate, hatred; spite, aversion, dislike; grudge. _Avoir de la — pour_, _avoir en —_; to hate. _Porter de la — à_; to feel hatred towards. †=haineusement=, _adv._, hatefully, spitefully. †=haineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, hateful, malignant, spiteful. †=haïr=, _v.a._, to hate, to detest, to loathe. _— cordialement_; to hate heartily. _— comme la peste_, _— à la mort_; to feel a deadly hatred towards. †=haire=, _n.f._, hair-shirt. †=haïssable=, _adj._, hateful, odious. †=halage=, _n.m._, towage, towing. _Chemin de —_; towing-path. †=halbran=, _n.m._, young wild-duck. †=halbrené=, =-e=, _adj._, ragged feathered (of a bird); ragged, in a sad light. †=halbrener=, _v.n._, to shoot wild ducks. =hale=, _n.m._, tow-line, tow-rope. _— bas_; (nav.) down-haul. †=hâle=, _n.m._, heat of the sun; sunburn; scorching heat; tanned complexion. _Le — fane tout_; the heat of the sun dries up everything; (agri.) drying wind. †=hâlé=, =-e=, _part._, sun-burnt; swarthy; tanned. =haleine=, _n.f._, breath, wind. _Perdre l’—_; to get out of breath. _Reprendre —_; to recover one’s breath. _Courir à perte d’—_; to run until one is out of breath. _Phrases à perte d’—_; long-winded sentences. _Tout d’une —_; in the same breath. _Un ouvrage de longue —_; a long-winded work. _Tenir en —_; to keep on the alert. _Tenir les gens en —_; to keep the ball rolling. =halenée=, _n.f._, smell, breath, whiff. =halener=, _v.a._, to breathe; (hunt.) to get scent of. †=haler=, _v.a._, (nav.) to haul, to heave; to set, to excite. _— un bateau à la cordelle_; to tow a boat. _— un bâtiment_; to track a vessel. _— le vent_; to haul the wind. _— un chien sur quelqu’un_; to set a dog at any one. †=hâler=, _v.a._, to tan, to burn (of the sun). _se_ †=hâler=, _v.r._, to become sun-burnt. †=haletant=, =-e=, _adj._, out of breath, panting, puffing. †=haleter= (hal-té), _v.n._, to blow, to puff, to pant _or_ gasp for breath. †=haleur=, _n.m._, tracker, hauler. =halieutiques=, _n.m.pl._, halieutics. =halitueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) halituous. †=hallage=, _n.m._, market-dues. =hallali=, _n.m._, (stag-hunting) whoop; flourish of the horn at the death. †=halle=, _n.f._, market; market-place. _Langage des —s_; Billingsgate (language). _Dames de la —_; market women. _Aller à la —_; to go to market. _— aux blés_; corn-exchange. _Fort de la —_; market-porter. †=hallebarde= (hal-bard), _n.f._, halberd. _Pleuvoir_ or _tomber des —s_; to rain cats and dogs. †=hallebardier=, _n.m._, halberdier. †=hallier=, _n.m._, thicket; partridge-net; market-keeper. =hallucination= (hal-lu-), _n.f._, hallucination, delusion. =halluciné=, =-e=, _adj._ and _n._, (med.) hallucinated; (fig.) deluded. =halluciner=, _v.a._, to hallucinate, to delude. †=halo=, _n.m._, halo. †=hâloir=, _n.m._, drying-room (for hemp). †=halot=, _n.m._, rabbit burrow. †=halochimie=, _n.f._, (chem.) of the preparation of salts. †=halte=, _n.f._, halt; stand, stop; halting-place; resting-place. _Faire —_; to halt. _— la!_ hold! stop there! that won’t do! =haltères=, _n.m._, dumb-bells; (of insects) poisers. †=halurgie=, _n.f._, making _or_ extracting salts. †=hamac=, _n.m._, hammock. _Haut les —s_; (nav.) up all hammocks. _— à l’anglaise_; (nav.) cot. =hamadryade=, _n.f._, (myth.) Hamadryad, wood-nymph. †=hameau=, _n.m._, hamlet. =hameçon= (am-son), _n.m._, hook, fish-hook; bait. _Mordre à l’—_; to take the bait. =hameçonné=, =-e=, _adj._, hooked. ☉=hameçonner=, _v.a._, to hook; to take in. †=hampe=, _n.f._, staff (of a lance, etc., etc.); handle (of a brush); flower-stalk. †=han=, _n.m._, heave (of a workman striking a heavy blow). †=hanap=, _n.m._, goblet; bowl. †=hanche=, _n.f._, hip, haunch; (nav.) quarter. _Les poings sur les —s_; with his _or_ her arms akimbo. =hanchoan=, _n.m._, Brazilian buzzard. †=hanebane=, _n.f._ _V._ =jusquiame=. †=hangar=, _n.m._, outhouse, shed, cart-shed, cart-house. †=hanneton= (ha-n-ton), _n.m._, may-bug, cock-chafer; (fig.) thoughtless, giddy person. †=hanovrien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, Hanoverian. †=hanovrien=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, Hanoverian. †=hanscrit=, _n.m._ _V._ =sanscrit=. †=hanse=, _n.f._, Hanse-Towns. _La — Teutonique_; the Hanse-Towns. =hanséatique= _or_ =anséatique=, _adj._, Hanseatic. †=hansière=, _n.f._, (nav.) hawser. _V._ =haussière=. †=hanter=, _v.a._, to haunt, to frequent, to resort to; to associate with. _Dis-moi qui tu hantes et je te dirai qui tu es_; tell me the company you keep, and I will tell you what you are; birds of a feather flock together. †=hanter=, _v.n._, to frequent. _— chez quelqu’un_; to be a visitor at any one’s house. †=hantise=, _n.f._, (b.s.), intercourse, intimacy. †=happe=, _n.f._, axle-tree bed (of carriages); cramp-iron. †=happe-chair=, _n.m._, (_—_) grasp-all; torment, dun. †=happelourde= (ha-ploord), _n.f._, paste, imitation stone; well-dressed fool. †=happer=, _v.a._, to snap, to snap up; to catch, to lay hold of, to nab. †=haquenée= (ha-knée), _n.f._, ambling nag; ill-made, ungainly woman. _Aller sur la — des cordeliers_; to trudge along on foot; to ride on shank’s mare. †=haquet= (ha-kè), _n.m._, dray. †=haquetier= (hak-tié), _n.m._, drayman. †=harangue=, _n.f._, harangue, speech, address, oration. _La tribune aux —s_; the rostrum. †=haranguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to harangue. †=haranguer=, _v.n._, to harangue, to hold forth, to speechify. †=harangueu-r= (-gheur), _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, haranguer, orator; speech-maker, speechifier. †=haras=, _n.m._, stud, breeding-stud. (orni.) _V._ =ara=. †=harasse=, _n.f._, crate. †=harasser=, _v.a._, to harass, to tire out, to weary, to overtire, to jade. †=harceler=, _v.a._, to harass, to torment; to gall. _— l’ennemi_; to harass the enemy. †=harcellement=, _n.m._, harassing, tormenting. †=harde=, _n.f._, herd (of deer); leash (for dogs). †=harder=, _v.a._, (hunt.) to leash dogs. †=hardes=, _n.f.pl._, wearing apparel, attire, clothes, belongings, traps. †=hardi=, =-e=, _adj._, bold, daring, fearless, intrepid, impudent. _Air —_; impudent look. _Manières —es_; forward manners. _Ce musicien a le jeu —_; this musician has a bold touch. (_interj._) _hardi!_ go it! †=hardiesse=, _n.f._, boldness, hardihood, daring, fearlessness; assurance; impudence, audacity. _Avoir la — de dire_; to have the boldness to say. _Il y a beaucoup de — dans ce dessin_; there is great boldness in this drawing. _— de style_, _d’expression_; boldness of style, of expression. †=hardiment=, _adv._, boldly, fearlessly, daringly, impudently. _Marcher — à l’ennemi_; to march boldly against the enemy. †=hare!= _int._, (hunt.) halloo! †=harem= (ha-rèm), _n.m._, harem. †=hareng= (ha-ran), _n.m._, herring. _— frais_; fresh herring. _— saur_; red herring. _La caque sent toujours le —_; what is bred in the bone will never come out of the flesh. †=harengaison= (-ghè-zon), _n.f._, herring-season; catch _or_ take of herrings. †=harengère=, _n.f._, herring-woman; fish-woman; fish-fag. †=harengerie= (ha-ran-jrî), _n.f._, herring-market. †=harenguet= (-ghè), _n.m._, (ich.) herring-cob, sprat. ☉*†=hargnerie=, _n.f._, squabbling, wrangling. *†=hargneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, cross; cross-grained; snappish; peevish, surly, crusty; snarling; vicious (of horses). _Chien —_; snarling dog; quarrelsome fellow. †=haricot=, _n.m._, kidney-bean. _— de mouton_; (cook.) haricot mutton; Irish stew. _—s verts_; French beans. _—s d’Espagne_; scarlet runners. †=haridelle=, _n.f._, jade, hack, sorry horse; lanky, gawky woman. †=harle=, _n.m._, (orni.) merganser. =harmonica=, _n.m._, harmonica; musical glasses. =harmonie=, _n.f._, harmony; unison, concord; union; keeping; (mus.) harmonics. _Avec —_; harmoniously. _En —_; in time, in keeping. _Sans —_; inharmonious, unmusical. =harmonier=, _v.a._ _V._ =harmoniser=. _s’_=harmonier=, _v.r._ _V._ _s’_=harmoniser=. =harmonieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, harmoniously, musically. =harmonieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, harmonious, musical, sweet, melodious; friendly, blending (of colors). =harmonique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, harmonics; harmonic, harmonical. =harmoniquement= (-nik-mān), _adv._, harmoniously. =harmoniser=, _v.a._, to harmonize. _s’_=harmoniser=, _v.r._, to harmonize. =harmoniste=, _n.m._, harmonist. =harmonium=, _n.m._, (mus.) harmonium. †=harnachement= (har-nash-mān), _n.m._, harness; harnessing; trappings. †=harnacher=, _v.a._, to harness, to rig out. =harnacheur=, _n.m._, harness-maker, dealer; harnessing groom. =harnais= _or_ =harnois=, _n.m._, harness; horse-trappings, trappings, armor, equipment. _Endosser le —_; to don the uniform. _Cheval de —_; draught-horse. _Blanchir sous le —_; to grow gray in the service. †=haro=, _n.m._, hue and cry. _—!_ shame! out upon! _Crier — sur_; to raise an outcry. †=harpagon=, _n.m._, miser, skinflint. *_se_ †=harpailler=, _v.r._, to wrangle, to squabble. †=harpaye=, _n.f._, (orni.) moor-buzzard, marsh-harrier. †=harpe=, _n.f._, harp; (couch.) harp-shell. _Pincer de la —_; to play the harp. _— éolienne_; Eolian harp. †=harpé=, =-e=, _adj._, harp-shaped, well-shaped (of greyhounds). †=harpeau=, _n.m._, (nav.) grappling-iron. †=harpège=, _n.m._ _V._ =arpège=. †=harpéger=, _v.n._ _V._ =arpéger=. †=harper=, _v.a._, to gripe, to grapple, to grasp, to clutch. _v.n._, (man.) to raise the legs without bending them. _se_ †=harper=, _v.r._, to grapple one another. †=harpie=, _n.f._, harpy; vixen, shrew. =harpin=, _n.m._, boat-hook; carbuncle. =harpiste=, _n.m.f._, harpist. †=harpon=, _n.m._, harpoon, spear; fish-spear. †=harponner=, _v.a._, to harpoon, to spear. †=harponneur=, _n.m._, harpooner. †=hart=, _n.f._, withe, fagot-band; rope, halter. _C’est un homme qui mérite la —_; he is a man who deserves hanging _or_ hanging is too good for him. _Sous peine de la —_; under pain of death. =haruspice=, _n.m._ _V._ =aruspice=. †=hasard=, _n.m._, chance, accident, casualty, hazard, risk, danger, peril. _Jeu de —_; game of chance. _Coup de —_; lucky chance, stroke. _Une chose de —_; a second-hand article. _Au —_; at random, at a venture. _À tout —_; at all events. _À tous —s_; at all risks. _Par —_; by chance, accidentally. _S’abandonner au —_; to rely solely upon chance. _Jeter quelque chose au —_; to leave anything to chance. _Courir le —_; to run the risk. _Un coup de —_; a stroke of luck. _Est-ce que par — il ne viendrait pas?_ he surely doesn’t mean not to come! _Corriger le —_; to assist fortune; to cheat at cards. †=hasardé=, =-e=, _part._, hazarded, ventured, bold, free; (cook.) tainted, stale. †=hasarder=, _v.a._, to hazard, to risk, to venture, to expose; to run the risk. _se_ †=hasarder=, _v.r._, to hazard, to venture, to risk. _Se — à faire une chose_; to venture to do a thing. †=hasardeusement= (-deûz-mān), _adv._, hazardously. †=hasardeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, hazardous, venturesome, unsafe, dangerous, perilous. †=haschisch=, _n.m._ (_n.p._). _V._ =hachisch=. †=hase=, _n.f._, doe-rabbit, doe-hare. =hast=, _n.m._, staff. _Arme d’—_; long-hafted weapon. =hastaire=, _n.m._, (antiq.) spearman. †=haste=, _n.f._, (antiq.) spear, spike. †=hasté=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) hastated. †=hastiforme=, _adj._, (bot.) halberd-shaped. †=hâte=, _n.f._, hurry; haste. _En —_; in haste, hastily. _En toute —_; with all possible speed. _À la —_; in a hurry, in haste. _Avoir —_; to be in a hurry; to long to, to be anxious to. _Faire une chose à la —_; to do a thing in a hurry. _S’éloigner à la —_; to hasten away. _Revenir en toute —_; to hasten back. _Trop de — gâte tout_; more haste, less speed. †=hâtelet= (hâ-tlè), _n.m._, small skewer. †=hâter=, _v.a._, to hasten, to forward, to expedite; to hurry, to hurry on; to hurry over; to push on, to force (fruit). _Ouvrage hâté, ouvrage gâté_; haste makes waste. _se_ †=hâter=, _v.r._, to make haste, to hurry, to hurry one’s self. _Hâtez-vous de partir_; make haste and get away. †=hâtier= (hâ-tié), _n.m._, spit-rest. †=hâti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, forward; precocious, premature; (hort.) early. _Fruit —_; early fruit. †=hâtiveau=, _n.m._, (hort.) hasty pear; early pea. †=hâtivement= (hâ-ti-vmān), _adv._, (hort.) early, prematurely. †=hâtiveté= (hâ-tiv-té), _n.f._, earliness, forwardness. †=haubans=, _n.m.pl._, (nav.) shrouds. _Grands —_; main-shrouds. _— de misaine_; fore-shrouds. †=haubergeon=, _n.m._, small hauberk. †=haubert=, _n.m._, hauberk. †=hausse=, _n.f._, (com.) rise, advance; (print.) overlay; block (for raising anything); (of a rifle) backsight. _À la —_; (com.) on the advance. _Être en —_; to be rising. _Jouer à la —_; (com.) to speculate on a rise. _Joueur à la —_; bull. _— d’archet_; nut of a fiddle-bow. †=hausse-col=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) gorget, neck-piece. †=haussement= (hôs-mān), _n.m._, raising, lifting, rising; shrugging. †=hausser=, _v.a._, to raise, to raise up, to lift up; to increase; to shrug; (com.) to advance. _— les épaules_; to shrug one’s shoulders. _— la voix_; to raise one’s voice. _— les gages_; to raise the wages. _— le coude_; to drink hard. _se_ †=hausser=, _v.r._, to be raised; to rise, to raise one’s self; to clear up (of the weather); to increase; (com.) to rise. _Se — sur la pointe des pieds_; to stand upon tip-toe. †=hausser=, _v.n._, to rise; to get higher; to increase. _La rivière a bien haussé_; the river has risen very much. _Le change hausse_; the rate of exchange is rising. _Les actions haussent_; the price of shares is rising. _La rente hausse_; the funds are going up. †=haussier=, _n.m._, bull, operator for a rise. =haussière=. _V._ =aussière= and =hansière=. †=haut=, =-e=, _adj._, high; tall; lofty, chief, principal; upper; grand, important, eminent; haughty; elevated; loud (of sound). _Au plus — degré_; in the highest degree. _Les —es régions de l’air_; the upper regions of the air. _Le — mal_; epilepsy. _Il a juré, la main —e_; he swore with uplifted hand. _Marcher la tête —e_; to walk with head erect. _Il peut aller partout la tête —e_; he can hold up his head anywhere. _La marée_, _la mer_, _est —e_; it is high water, high tide. _Gagner la —e mer_; to put out to sea. _Vaisseau de — bord_; ship of the line, man of war. _Avoir la voix —e_; to have a loud voice. _Lire à —e voix_; to read aloud. _Crier à —e voix_; to cry out loudly. _Pousser les —s cris_; to complain loudly, to raise an outcry. _Prendre le — ton_; to assume a high tone. _Une personne de — rang_; a person of high rank. _—e estime_; great esteem. _—s faits_; great deeds, exploits, doughty deeds. _Voici bien du — style_; this is lofty style with a vengeance. _Crime de —e trahison_; crime of high treason. _— en couleur_; of a ruddy complexion. _Le — commerce_; the higher branches of commerce, finance. _Messe —e_; high mass. _La chambre —e_; the upper house. _Le —-Canada_; Upper Canada. _Le — bout de la table_; the upper end of the table. _Viande de — goût_; high-seasoned meat. _Jeune cadet de — appétit_; extravagant young fellow. _Les —es cartes_; the court-cards. _Tenir la bride —e à quelqu’un_; to keep a tight hand over any one. †=haut=, _n.m._, height; top; summit; upper part; (mus.) high notes. _Le — d’une rue_; the upper end of a street. _Le — d’une page_; the top of a page. _Il est en —_; he is upstairs. _Je demeure dans une chambre d’en —_; I live in an upper room. _De — en bas_; from top to bottom. _D’en —_; from above. _Tomber de son —_; to fall flat down; to be thunderstruck. _Il y a du — et du bas dans la vie_; there are ups and downs in life. _Le — d’un clocher_; the top of a steeple. _Regarder quelqu’un de — en bas_; to eye any one from head to foot; to look down upon any one. _Traiter quelqu’un de — en bas_; to treat any one with contempt. _Cette maison a quarante pieds de —_; this house is forty feet high. _Il a deux mètres de —_; it is six feet high. †=haut=, _adv._, high; loud; aloud, loudly. _Montez plus —_; go up higher. _Ainsi qu’il a été dit plus —_; as has already been said. _Reprendre les choses de plus —_; to begin farther back. _Parlez plus —_; speak louder. _Tout —_; aloud. _Parler —_; to speak aloud, to speak out. _— le pied_; of with you; let us be off at once. _Faire — le pied_; to vanish, to disappear; to run away. _Renvoyer des chevaux — le pied_; to send horses away bare-backed. _— la main_; with a high hand; offhand; in a high-handed manner. _Mener un cheval — la main_; to hold a tight rein on a horse. ☉†=haut-à-bas=, _n.m._, (_—_) hawker, peddler. †=haut-à-haut=, _n.m._, (_—_) (hunt.) halloo. †=hautain=, =-e=, _adj._, haughty, supercilious, proud. †=hautainement= (hô-tè-n-mān), _adv._, haughtily, superciliously, proudly. †=hautbois= (hô-boâ), _n.m._, hautboy; oboe; oboe-player. ☉†=haut-de-chausses= _or_ =haut-de-chausse=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_, _or_ _—s-—s_) small-clothes; trunk-hose; breeches. †=haute-contre=, _n.f._, (_—s-—_) (mus.) counter-tenor. †=haute lisse=, _n.f._, tapestry hangings. †=hautement= (hô-tman), _adv._, aloud, boldly, resolutely, stoutly, proudly. †=haute paye=, _n.f._, extra pay. †=hautesse=, _n.f._, highness (the Sultan’s title). ☉†=haute-taille=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) (mus.) upper-tenor. †=hauteur=, _n.f._, height, altitude, hill; rising ground, eminence; depth; elevation; firmness, haughtiness, arrogance. _La — d’une montagne_; the height of a hill. _Mur à — d’appui_; wall breast-high. _La — d’un bataillon_; the depth of a battalion. _La — d’un astre_; the altitude of a star. _Prendre la — du soleil_; to take the sun’s altitude. _Être à la — d’une île_; (nav.) to be off an island. _La — de ses conceptions_; the loftiness of his ideas. _Être à la — de quelqu’un_; to be a match for any one. _Être à la — du siècle_; to keep pace with the age. _Être à la — d’une tâche_; to be equal to any task. _Parler avec —_; to speak haughtily. _Avec —_; imperiously, haughtily. _De toute sa —_; at its or his full height. †=haut-fond=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (nav.) shoal. †=haut-fourneau=, _n.m._, blast-furnace. †=haut-le-corps=, _n.m._, (_—_) skip, start, bound. _Il fit un — en nous voyant venir_; he started as he saw us coming. †=haut-le-pied=, _n.m._, (_—_) scoundrel, tramp, loafer. †=haut-pendu=, _n.m._, (nav.) scud, squall. †=hautur-ier=, =-ière=, _adj._, of the high seas. †=hauturier=, _n.m._, sea-pilot. †=havane=, _n.f._, Havana. _n.m._, Havana cigar. †=hâve=, _adj._, pale, wan; emaciated. †=haveron= (ha-vron), _n.m._, wild oats. †=havir=, _v.a._, to scorch (meat). †=havir=, _v.n._, to scorch, to burn (of meat). _se_ †=havir=, _v.r._, to scorch, to burn (of meat). †=havrais=, =-e=, _adj._, of Havre, native of Havre. †=havre=, _n.m._, haven, harbor, port, tidal harbor. †=havresac=, _n.m._, knapsack, wallet; haversack. †=hé!= _int._, ho! ah! hey! I say! ☉†=heaume= (hôm), _n.m._, helm, helmet; (nav.) tiller, bar. =hebdomadaire=, _adj._, weekly. =hebdomadier=, _n.m._, one on duty for a week (in convents and chapters). =héberge=, _n.f._, (jur.) point of disjunction, break. =hébergement=, _n.m._, lodging; harboring. =héberger=, _v.a._, to lodge, to entertain, to harbor. =hébété=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, dolt, blockhead. =hébéter=, _v.a._, to stupefy, to besot; to dull. =hébétude=, _n.f._, idiocy. =hébraïque=, _adj._, Hebrew, Hebraic. =hébraïquement=, _adv._, Hebraically. =hébraïsant=, _n.m._, Hebraist. =hébraïsme=, _n.m._, Hebraism. =hébreu=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, Hebrew; Hebraic. =hécatombe=, _n.f._, hecatomb. =hectare=, _n.m._, hectare (2 acres, 1 rood, 35 perches). =hectique=, _adj._, (med.) hectic. =hectisie=, _n.f._, (med.) consumption. =hectogramme=, _n.m._, hectogram (3·527 oz. avoirdupois). =hectolitre=, _n.m._, hectoliter (22·009668 imperial gallons). =hectomètre=, _n.m._, hectometer (328·08992 British statute feet). =hégémonie=, _n.f._, hegemony. =hégire=, _n.f._, hegira (Mahometan era). =heiduque=, _n.m._, Hungarian foot-soldier. =hein!= _int._, hey! what! =hélas!= _int._, alas! ah! †=héler=, _v.a._, (nav.) to hail, to speak (a ship); to hail, to call (any one). =hélianthe=, _n.m._, (bot.) helianthus, sunflower. =hélianthème=, _n.m._, (bot.) helianthemum, rock-rose. =héliaque=, _adj._, (astron.) heliacal. =héliastes=, _n.m.pl._, (antiq.) heliasts. =hélice=, _n.f._, screw. _Vapeur à —_; screw-steamer. _En —_; spiral, winding. _Propulseur à —_; screw-propeller. =hélicon=, _n.m._, Helicon. =héliocentrique=, _adj._, heliocentric. =héliographie=, _n.f._, heliography. =héliographique=, _adj._, heliographic. =héliomètre=, _n.m._, heliometer. =hélioscope=, _n.m._, helioscope. =héliotrope=, _n.m._, (bot.) heliotrope; sun-flower; (min.) heliotrope, blood-stone. =hélix=, _n.m._, (anat.) helix. =hellébore=, _n.m._ _V._ =ellébore=. =helléborine=, _n.f._ _V._ =elléborine=. =hellènes= (èl-lè-n), _n.m.pl._, Hellenes. =hellénique=, _adj._, Hellenic. =hellénisme=, _n.m._, Hellenism. =helléniste=, _n.m._, _adj._, Hellenist. =helminthe=, _n.m._, (zoöl., med.) intestinal worm. =helminthologie=, _n.f._, helminthology. =helvétique=, _adj._, Helvetic, Swiss. †=hem!= _int._, hem! =hématite=, _n.f._, (min.) hematite. =hématocèle=, _n.f._, (surg.) hematocele. =hématologie=, _n.f._, hematology. =hématose=, _n.f._, hæmatosis, sanguification. =hématurie=, _n.f._, (med.) hæmaturia. =hémérocalle=, _n.f._, (bot.) hemerocallis. =hémi=, a prefix from Greek ἡμί, half, semi. ☉=hémicoptère=, _n.m._ _V._ =phénicoptère=. =hémicycle=, _n.m._, hemicycle. =hémine=, _n.f._, (antiq.) hemina, cotyla (about half a pint). =hémiplégie= _or_ =hémiplexie=, _n.f._, (med.) hemiplegy, hemiplegia. =hémiptère=, _n.m._, (ent.) hemipter. =hémiptère=, _adj._, hemipteral. =hémisphère=, _n.m._, hemisphere. =hémisphérique=, _adj._, hemispheric. =hémistiche=, _n.m._, hemistich (half of a twelve-syllabled verse). =hémoptoïque=, =hémoptypique=, _adj._, (med.) spitting blood. =hémoptysie=, _n.f._, hæmoptysis. =hémorragie=, _n.f._, hemorrhage. =hémorroïdal=, =-e=, _adj._, hemorrhoidal. =hémorroïdale=, _n.f._, (anat.) hemorrhoidal artery. =hémorroïdes=, _n.f.pl._, hemorrhoids, piles. =hémostatique=, _adj._, (med.) styptic. =hendécagone=, _n.m._, (geom.) hendecagon. =hendécasyllabe=, _n.m._, hendecasyllable. †=hennir= (ha-), _v.n._, to neigh. †=hennissement= (ha-), _n.m._, neighing. =henriade= (=La=), Voltaire’s epic poem. =hépatique=, _adj._, hepatic. =hépatique=, _n.f._, (bot.) liverwort. =hépatite=, _n.f._, hepatitis, inflammation of the liver; (min.) hepatite, liver-stone. =heptacorde=, _n.m._, heptachord. =heptagonal=, =-e=, _adj._, heptagonal. =heptagone=, _n.m._ and _adj._, heptagon; heptagonal. =heptaméron=, _n.m._, heptameron. =heptandre=, _adj._, heptandrian. =heptandrie=, _n.f._, heptandria. =heptangulaire=, _adj._, heptangular. =heptaphylle=, _adj._, (bot.) heptaphyllous. =heptarchie=, _n.f._, heptarchy. =heptarchique=, _adj._, heptarchic. =héraldique=, _adj._, heraldic. †=héraut=, _n.m._, herald. =herbacé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) herbaceous. =herbage=, _n.m._, herbage, grass, pasture, pasture-ground; meadow land. =herbager=, _n.m._, grazier. =herbe=, _n.f._, herb, grass, wort, weed; blade; plant, root. _Brin d’—_; blade of grass. _—s potagères_; pot-herbs. _— marine_; sea-weed. _— militaire_; milfoil. _— de la Saint-Jean_; ground-ivy. _— de Saint-Jean_; mugwort. _Bouillon aux —s_; herb soup. _Mettre un cheval à l’—_; to put a horse out to grass. _Blé en —_; corn in the blade. _Mauvaises —s_; weeds. _— à l’ambassadeur_, _à la reine_ (_tabac_); snuff, tobacco. _— aux charpentiers_, _à la coupure_ (_millefeuille_); milfoil. _— aux chats_ (_marum_); cat-thyme. _— aux chantres_ (_vélar_); hedge-mustard, hedge-garlic. _— aux cuillers_ (_cochléaria_); scurvy-grass, cochlearia. _— aux écus_ (_nummulaire_); money-wort. _— aux gueux_ (_clématite_); clematis, climber, ladies’ bower. _— aux Patagons_ (_hydrocotyle_); hydrocotyle. _— au pauvre homme_ (_gratiole_); hyssop. _— aux perles_ (_grémil_); gromwell, gromil. _— du siège_ (_scrofulaire_); figwort. _— aux verrues_ (_héliotrope_); heliotrope. _Mauvaise — croît toujours_; ill weeds grow apace. _Manger son blé en —_; to spend one’s money before one gets it. _Couper l’— sous le pied a quelqu’un_; to supplant any one, to oust any one; to cut any one out; to take the wind out of anybody’s sails. _C’est un docteur en —_; he is a doctor in embryo. _Il a marché sur quelque mauvaise —_; he has got out of bed the wrong way. _L’— sera courte s’il ne trouve à brouter_; he will pick up a living somehow. *=herbeiller=, _v.n._, (hunt.) to graze. =herber=, _v.a._, to lay on the grass. _— de la toile_; to grass-bleach. =herberie=, _n.f._, bleaching-ground. =herbette=, _n.f._, (poet.) short grass; sward. =herbeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, grassy, herbous. =herbier=, _n.m._, herbal, herbarium, collection of plants. =herbière=, _n.f._, herb-woman; (man.) grass-cutter. =herbivore=, _adj._, herbivorous. =herbivore=, _n.m._, herbivorous animal. =herborisation=, _n.f._, herborization, herborizing, herborizing excursion. =herboriser=, _v.n._, to herborize. =herboriseur=, _n.m._, collector of plants. =herboriste=, _n.m.f._, herbalist, herborist, dealer in medicinal herbs. =herboristerie=, _n.f._, herb trade, herbalist’s shop. =herbu=, =-e=, _adj._, grassy; covered with grass. =hercotectonique=, _n.f._, art of fortification. =hercule=, _n.m._, (astron.) Hercules, man of herculean strength. =herculéen=, =-ne= (-in, -èn), _adj._, Herculean. †=hère=, _n.m._, sorry fellow, poor wretch; poor devil, wight; game at cards. =héréditaire=, _adj._, hereditary. =héréditairement=, _adv._, hereditarily. =hérédité=, _n.f._, heirship, right of inheritance, succession; hereditary right; inheritance; heredity. =hérésiarque=, _n.m._, heresiarch. =hérésie=, _n.f._, heresy. _Il ne fera point d’—_; he will not set the Thames on fire. =héréticité=, _n.f._, heretical nature _or_ tendency. =hérétique=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, heretic; heretical. †=hérissé=, =-e=, _adj._, rough, shaggy, on end, bristling with; (bot.) hairy, prickly, covered with, full of, studded with, armed with, defended by; (of a person) crabbed, cross, peevish. _Cheveux —s_, _poil —_; shaggy hair _or_ mane. †=hérissement=, _n.m._, bristling; shagginess. †=hérisser=, _v.a._, to bristle, to bristle up, to erect; to arm; to lard. _Le lion hérisse sa crinière_; the lion bristles up his mane. _Les piquants qui hérissent la tige du rosier_; the prickles that arm the stalk of a rose-bush. _— son style de néologismes_; to lard one’s style with neologisms. _— un mur_; (man.) to roughcast a wall. _se_ †=hérisser=, _v.r._, to stand on end, to stand erect; to bristle, to bristle up; to be bristling with, to be armed; to be covered, to be studded (with). †=hérisser=, _v.n._, to bristle, to bristle up; to be full of, to be loaded with. †=hérisson=, _n.m._, (mam.) hedgehog, urchin; (fort.) herisson; canting-wheel; sprocket-wheel; sprocket; rag-wheel; spur-wheel. _Jeune —_; (mam.) hedgepig. _— de mer_; (ich.) sea-hedgehog; sea-urchin; (fig.) cross-grained person. †=hérisson=, =-ne=, _adj._, cross-grained, crabbed. †=hérissonné=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) crouching. =héritage=, _n.m._, heritage, inheritance, heirdom, estate, patrimony; legacy. _—s libres_; (jur.) fee-simple. _—s substitués_; (jur.) fee-tail. _Faire un —_; to inherit property. =hériter=, _v.n._, to inherit, to be heir; to succeed. =hériter=, _v.a._, to inherit. =hériti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._ (-tié, ti-èr), heir, heiress, inheritor. _— institué_, testamentaire; (jur.) heir under a will; devisee. _— naturel_; (jur.) heir of one’s body. _— par substitution_; heir of entail. _— légitime_; lawful heir. _— universel_; sole heir. _— présomptif_; heir-apparent. _Il est — de son oncle_; he is heir to his uncle. =hermaphrodisme=, _n.m._, hermaphrodism. =hermaphrodite=, _n.m._ and _adj._, hermaphrodite; hermaphroditic. =hermeline=, _n.f._, (her.) sable. =herméneutique=, _n.f._ and _adj._, hermeneutics; hermeneutic, hermeneutical. =hermès= (èr-mès), _n.m._, (sculpt.) Hermes, bust of Mercury. =hermétique=, _adj._, hermetic, close, hermetical. _Science —_; hermetical science. _Colonne —_; (sculpt.) column with a bust (for capitals). =hermétiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, hermetically, closely. =hermine=, _n.f._, (mam.) ermine; hermine; winter-weasel; (her.) ermine; ermine (fur). _— d’été_; (mam.) stoat. =herminé=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) ermined. =herminette=, _n.f._, (carp.) adz. _— courbée_; hollow adz. =hermitage=, _n.m._, hermitage. =hermite= _or_ =ermite=, _n.m._, hermit. †=herniaire=, _adj._, hernial. _Bandage —_; truss. †=herniaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) rupture-wort. †=hernie=, _n.f._, hernia, rupture. =herniole=, _n.f._, (bot.) rupture-wort. †=hernute=, _n.m.pl._, Moravian brother. =hérodiens= (-in), _n.m._, (Bibl. hist.) Herodians. =héroï-comique=, _adj._, heroi-comic; mock heroic; serio-comic. =héroïde=, _n.f._, heroic epistle. =héroïne=, _n.f._, heroine. =héroïque=, _adj._, heroic; (med.) powerful. _Temps —s_; heroic ages. =heroïquement= (-ik-mān), _adv._, heroically. =heroïsme=, _n.m._, heroism. †=héron=, _n.m._, heron. _— crabier_; crab-eater. _Masse de —_; heron plume. †=héronneau=, _n.m._, young heron. †=héronner=, _v.n._, (hawking) to fly the heron. †=héronni-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, heron-like; thin, lank, spare; (hawking) trained to fly the heron. †=héronnière=, _n.f._, heronry. †=héros= (-rô), _n.m._, hero. =herpès=, _n.m._, (med.) herpes, tetters. =herpétique=, _adj._, (med.) herpetic. =herque=, _n.f._, iron rake. †=hersage=, _n.m._, (agri.) harrowing of a field. †=herschel=, _n.m._, (astron.) Georgium Sidus, Herschel, Uranus. †=herse=, _n.f._, harrow; (fort.) portcullis, herse; candlestick (used in Catholic churches); (nav.) iron cringle; (bot.) caltrop. †=hersé=, =-e=, _part._ and _adj._, (agri.) harrowed; (her.) with a herse. †=herser=, _v.a._, (agri.) to harrow. †=herseur=, _n.m._, harrower. =hésitation=, _n.f._, hesitation; faltering. =hésitant=, =-e=, _adj._, hesitating, wavering, undecided, stammering. =hésiter=, _v.n._, to hesitate, to falter, to hum and haw; to pause; to stop, to waver; to be doubtful; to hang back, to demur. _Faire —_; to stagger. _Sans —_; unhesitatingly. =hétéroclite=, _adj._, (gram.) heteroclite, anomalous; eccentric, odd, whimsical, uncouth. _Manières —s_; eccentric manners. _Visage —_; odd face. _Bâtiment —_; irregular building. =hétérodoxe=, _adj._, heterodox. =hétérodoxie=, _n.f._, heterodoxy. =hétérogène=, _adj._, heterogeneous, dissimilar, incongruous. =hétérogénéité=, _n.f._, heterogeneity, heterogeneousness. =hétérosciens= (-si-in), _n.m.pl._, (geog.) Heteroscians. =hetman=, _n.m._, hetman (general of cossacks). †=hêtre=, _n.m._, beech, beech-tree. =heu=, _n.m._, (nav.) hoy. =heu!= _int._, alas! lackaday! hey! ah! aye! ☉=heur=, _n.m._, luck, good fortune, chance. _Il n’y a qu’heur et malheur en ce monde_; chance is everything (what’s one man’s meat is another man’s poison). =heure=, _n.f._, hour; o’clock; time, time of day; moment, moments; appointment. _pl._, primer (prayer-book). _Belle —_; pleasant time of day. _La belle — pour arriver!_ what a nice time to come! _— indue_; late hour. _Une bonne_, _grande —_; a good, a full, hour. _— dernière_, _dernière —_; last moments. _— marquée_, _désignée_, _dite_; appointed hour. _— suprême_; dying hour, hour of death, last _or_ supreme moments. _—s en sus_; after-hours, over-time (of workmen). _Ami_, _homme_, _de toutes les —s_; friend who is always welcome, friend always ready to oblige. _Livre d’—s_; (c.rel.) prayer-book. _Une paire d’—s_; a primer. _Un mauvais quart d’—_; a bad time. _Quart d’— de Rabelais_; paying time, settling time, trying time. _J’y serai dans une —_; I will be there within an hour. _Quelle — est-il?_ what o’clock is it? _Il est une — et demie_; it is half-past one. _Sur les une —_; about one o’clock. _L’horloge a sonné deux —s_; the clock has struck two. _Chercher midi à quatorze —s_; to create difficulties where there are none; to look for grapes on thorns. _Mettre une montre à l’—_; to set a watch. _Il est l’— de dîner_; it is dinner-time. _À l’— qu’il faut_; in due time. _Vous venez à l’— qu’il fallait_; you come in the very nick of time. _Je le ferai à mes —s perdues_; I will do it in my leisure hours. _Faites le sur l’—_; do it this very moment. _Donner —_; to fix an hour; to make an appointment. _L’— du berger_; the propitious hour for lovers. _De bonne —_; betimes, early, soon. _Venez de meilleure —_; come sooner. _À cette —_, _à l’— qu’il est_; now, at present, nowadays; by this time. _Pour l’—_; at present. _Tout à l’—_; by-and-by, presently; not long ago, just now. _D’une — à l’autre_; from one moment, from one minute, to the other. _D’— à autre_; now and then. _D’— en —_; hourly, every hour, every moment. _À la bonne —_; well done! that’s something like! _Les Heures_; (myth.) the Hours (_Horæ_). =heureusement= (eu-reûz-mān), _adv._, happily, luckily; successfully, fortunately, prosperously; by good luck; well. =heureu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, happy; blessed, blissful; lucky, fortunate; successful; prosperous, favorable, auspicious; pleasing, prepossessing; good; excellent, rare; happy, pleased, delighted. _Une —se vieillesse_; a happy old age. _Il est né —_; he was born lucky. _Des couches —ses_; a happy delivery (of a woman). _Une physionomie —se_; a pleasing countenance. _Être —_; to be lucky. _— au jeu_; lucky at play. _Il est — d’avoir eu votre protection_; he was lucky to find you there. _L’— de la chose c’est que_; the luckiest part of the thing was that. †=heurt=, _n.m._, collision; blow; shock, knock. =heurté=, _adj._, (of style) abrupt, harsh, jerky. †=heurtement=, _n.m._, hiatus; collision, shock; jar, jingling; clash. †=heurter=, _v.a._, to run up against, to knock up against, to strike against, to hit against; to hit, to strike; to come across, to meet; to run foul of; to jostle; to shock; to go counter to, to hurt, to offend, to disoblige; to jar with; (paint.) to color hard. _— quelqu’un_; to run against any one. _Ce vaisseau a heurté l’autre_; this ship ran foul of the other. _— les préjugés de_; to shock the prejudices of. _Dessin heurté_; drawing roughly colored. _se_ †=heurter=, _v.r._, to strike, to hit, one’s self; to strike against one another, to run foul of each other; to come across one another; to come into collision; to jostle one another; to clash. _Se — à la tête_; to strike one’s head. _Les boucs se heurtent de leurs têtes_; goats butt at one another with their heads. †=heurter=, _v.n._, to strike, to knock, to hit; to dash, to knock (at a door). ☉†=heurtoir=, _n.m._, top-stone, flapper; (obs.) knocker; (arch.) lock-sill; (fort.) hurter. =hexacorde=, _n.m._, (mus.) hexachord. =hexaèdre=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (geom.) hexahedron; hexahedral. =hexagonal=, =-e=, _adj._, hexagonal. =hexagone=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (geom.) hexagon; hexagonal. =hexamètre=, _n.m._, hexameter. =hexandre=, _adj._, (bot.) hexandrous. =hexandrie=, _n.f._, (bot.) hexandria. =hexaples=, _n.m.pl._, (theol.) Hexapla. =hiatus= (ia-tus), _n.m._, hiatus. =hibernant=, =-e=, _adj._, hibernating. =hibernation=, _n.f._, hibernation. =hiberner=, _v.n._, to hibernate. †=hibou=, _n.m._, owl; (pers.) moper, owl. _— commun_; (orni.) long-eared owl. _— scops_; (orni.) scops-eared owl. _Faire le —_; to mope like an owl. †=hic=, _n.m._, knot, difficulty, rub. _Voilà le —_; there’s the rub. =hidalgo=, _n.m._, hidalgo; Spanish knight. †=hideusement= (-deûz-mān), _adv._, hideously, frightfully, horribly, dreadfully, shockingly. †=hideu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, hideous, frightful, horrible, dreadful, shocking. †=hie=, _n.f._, beetle, paving-beetle, rammer (of paviers). _Battre à la —_; to ram. =hièble=, _n.f._, (bot.) danewort, dwarf-elder. =hiémal=, =-e=, _adj._, wintery, hyemal. _Plantes —es_; winter-plants. †=hiement= (hî-mān), _n.m._, grating, creaking (of machines); ramming. =hier= (i-ièr), _adv._, yesterday. _— matin_; yesterday morning. _— soir_ or _au soir_; last night, last evening. _Avant-—_; the day before yesterday. _La nuit d’—_; yesterday night, yesternight. _Homme d’—_; upstart. _Être né d’—_; to have no experience. †=hier= (hi-é), _v.a._ and _n._, to ram; (of machines) to creak, to grate. †=hiérarchie=, _n.f._, hierarchy. †=hiérarchique=, _adj._, hierarchical. †=hiérarchiquement= (-shik-mān), _adv._, hierarchically. †=hiérarque=, _n.m._, hierarch. =hiératique=, _adj._, hieratic. =hiéroglyphe=, _n.m._, (antiq.) hieroglyph, hieroglyphic. =hiéroglyphique=, _adj._, hieroglyphical, hieroglyphic. =hiéroglyphiquement= (-fik-mān), _adv._, hieroglyphically. =hiéronique=, _n.m._, conqueror in the sacred games. =hiéronymite=, _n.m._, hieronymite (monk of the Spanish order of the Hieronymites). =hiérophante=, _n.m._, (Grec. antiq.) hierophant. =hilaire=, _n.m._, hilary. =hilarant=, =-e=, _adj._, exhilarating, enlivening, cheerful. _Gaz —_; (chem.) laughing gas. =hilarité=, _n.f._, hilarity; cheerfulness; mirth, laughter, merriment. †=hile=, _n.m._, (bot.) hilum, hile. =hindoustani=, _n.m._, (_n.p._), _adj._, (philology) hindustani. =hippiatrique=, _n.f._, (vet.) hippiatry. =hippique=, _adj._, hippic. =hippocampe=, _n.m._, (myth., zoöl.) hippocampus, hippocamp, sea-horse. =hippocentaure=, _n.m._, (antiq.) hippocentaur. =hippocras= (-krâs). _V._ =hypocras=. =hippocratique=, _adj._, hippocratic. =hippocrène=, _n.f._, (myth.) Hippocrene. =hippodrome=, _n.m._, hippodrome, circus, amphitheater; race-course. =hippodromie=, _n.f._, horse-racing. =hippogriffe=, _n.m._, hippogriff, winged horse. =hippolithe=, _n.f._, (vet.) hippolith. =hippomane=, _n.m._, hippomane. =hippopotame=, _n.m._, hippopotamus, river-horse, sea-horse. =hirondelle=, _n.f._, (orni.) swallow. _— domestique_, _— de cheminée_; house-swallow. _— rustique_, _— de fenêtre_; martin. _— de rivière_, _— de rivage_; sand-martin. _— de mer_; sea-gull; (ich.) swallow-fish; tub-fish; tub. _Pierre d’—_; swallow-stone; cab, conveyance. _Une — ne fait pas le printemps_; one swallow does not make a spring. =hirsute=, _adj._, hirsute, hairy. =hispide=, _adj._, (bot.) hispid, strigous. =hispidité=, _n.f._, (bot.) hispidity, strigosity. †=hisser=, _v.a._, to hoist, to lift, to heave, to heave up, to raise, to haul up; to haul out (sails); to sway up (yards). _— promptement_; (nav.) to trice. _se_ †=hisser=, _v.r._, to raise _or_ lift one’s self up, to get up. =histiologie=, _n.f._ _V._ =histologie=. =histoire=, _n.f._, history, tale, story, narration; long rigmarole; idle story, untruth, falsehood, concern, trifle, small matter. _— faite à plaisir_; a trumped up story. _Faiseur d’—s_; story-teller. _Peintre d’—_; historical painter. _Tableau d’—_; historical picture, history piece. _C’est une autre —_; that is quite another story, _or_ a horse of another color. _Voilà bien des —s_; what a fuss you make about it. _— de_; only to; merely for the sake of. _— de rire_; for the laugh or fun of the thing. _Le plus beau de l’— c’était_; the best of it was. =histologie=, _n.f._, histology. ☉=historial=, =-e=, _adj._, historical. =historien= (-ri-in), _n.m._, historian. =historier=, _v.a._, to embellish, to ornament, to adorn, to flourish. =historiette=, _n.f._, little story; short tale. =historiographe=, _n.m._, historiographer. =historique=, _adj._, historical. _Cela est —_; that is a fact. =historique=, _n.m._, historical account. =historiquement= (-rik-mān), _adv._, historically. =histrion=, _n.m._, histrion, actor, stage-player; player; (b.s.) mountebank. =histrionique=, _adj._, histrionic. =histrionner=, _v.n._, (jest.) to act, to perform plays; to play. =hiver= (i-vèr), _n.m._, winter. _— doux_; mild winter. _— rude_; severe winter. _Cœur de l’—_; mid-winter, depth of winter. _Queue de l’—_; latter end of winter. _Au cœur_, _au milieu_, _au plus fort_, _de l’—_; in the depth of winter. =hivernage=, _n.m._, winter, winter time; wintering place; (agri.) winter-plowing, winter-fodder. =hivernal=, =-e=, _adj._, (l.u.) wintry, hibernal. =hiverner=, _v.n._, to winter. =hiverner=, _v.a._, (agri.) to winter-fallow. _s’_=hiverner=, _v.r._, to inure one’s self to cold; to winter, to hibernate, to pass the winter. †=ho!= _int._, ho! hoa! oh! hoy! (nav.) ahoy! †=hobereau= (ho-brô), _n.m._, (orni.) hobby; country squire; squireen. †=hoc=, _n.m._, hock (game at cards). _Cela lui est —_; he is sure of that, that will be his. _Être —_; to be taken. †=hoca=, _n.m._, hoca (game of chance). †=hoche=, _n.f._, (of tallies) notch. †=hochement= (hosh-mān), _n.m._, shaking, tossing, wagging (of the head). †=hochepied=, _n.m._, heron-hawk. †=hochepot=, _n.m._, (cook.) hodge-podge, hotch-potch. †=hochequeue=, _n.m._, (orni.) nut-hatch, wagtail. †=hocher=, _v.a._, to jog, to shake, to wag, to toss; to jag, to notch. _— la tête_; to shake one’s head. †=hocher=, _v.n._, (man.) to jerk the bit. †=hochet=, _n.m._, coral, rattle (for children); toy, bauble, plaything. _Il y a des —s pour tout âge_; every age has its hobby. *†=hogner=, _v.n._, (l.u., pop.) to grumble, to growl. †=hoirs=, _n.m.pl._, (jur.) heirs. =hoirie=, _n.f._, (jur.) inheritance. †=hola!= _int._, holla! hoa! (nav.) holloa! ho, there! stop! †=holà=, _n.m._, stop; end. _Mettre le —_; to put a stop to (a quarrel). †=hôlement=, _n.m._, hooting (of owls). †=hôler=, _v.n._, to hoot. †=hollandais=, =-e=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, Dutchman; Dutchwoman; Dutch. †=hollandais=, _n.m._, Dutch language. †=hollandé=, =-e=, _adj._, dressed (of quills). _Batiste —e_; strong thick cambric. †=hollander=, _v.a._, to dress (quills). =holocauste=, _n.m._, holocaust, burnt-offering; sacrifice. =holographe=, _adj._ _V._ =olographe=. =holothurie=, _n.f._, holothuria, trepang. †=hom!= _int._, hum! humph! †=homard=, _n.m._, (ich.) lobster. _— femelle_; hen lobster. _— mâle_; cock lobster. =hombre=, _n.m._, (game at cards) ombre. =homélie=, _n.f._, homily; sermon. =homéopathe=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (med.) homeopathist. =homéopathie=, _n.f._, (med.) homeopathy. =homéopathique=, _adj._, homeopathic. =homérique=, _adj._, Homeric. =homicide=, _n.m._, homicide; manslaughter; man-slayer, murderer. _— involontaire_; manslaughter. _— volontaire_; willful murder. _— commandé par la légitime défense_; (jur.) chance-medley. _— non qualifié crime ni délit_; (jur.) justifiable homicide. _— par imprudence_; homicide by misadventure. =homicide=, _adj._, murderous, homicidal. _Des yeux —s_; killing eyes. =hommage=, _n.m._, homage, respect; service; acknowledgment, token, gift, testimony. _pl._, respects, homage. _Faire — à quelqu’un_; to do homage to any one. _Rendre — à la vérité_; to do homage to truth. _Rendre ses —s à quelqu’un_; to pay one’s respects to any one. _— de reconnaissance_; token of gratitude. _Avec les —s de l’auteur_; with the author’s compliments. =hommagé=, =-e=, _adj._, held by homage. =hommager=, _n.m._, homager. =hommasse=, _adj._, masculine (of women). =homme=, _n.m._, man; (triv., pop.) husband, old man. _Dieu créa l’— à son image_; God created man after his own image. _— d’église_, _d’épée_, _de lettres_, _d’état_; churchman, military man, literary man, statesman. _— du monde_; man of the world. _C’est un — marqué a l’A_; he is an excellent man; he is the soul of honor. _Le roi des —s_; the king of good fellows. _C’est un — à pendre_, or _un — de sac et de corde_; he is a man who deserves hanging. _C’est un pauvre —_; he is a poor sort of a man. _C’est un — pauvre_; he is a poor man. _Bon —_; good, virtuous man; good-natured, simple, easy-going man; old fellow; old codger. _— bon_; kind-hearted, good, virtuous man. _Brave —_; worthy man; good fellow, good chap. _— brave_; brave, daring man. _— de paille_; man-of-straw. _— de cœur_; man of feeling, spirit; courageous man. _Un — comme il faut_; a gentleman. _— d’hier_; upstart, novice. _— d’affaires_; business man. _— de journée_; day-laborer. _— de cour_; courtier. _— de robe_; lawyer. _— de bois_; (man.) fagot; dumb-jockey. _— à tout faire_; jack of all trades. _— des bois_; (mam.) wild man, baboon. _Enlèvement d’—_; (jur.) man-stealing. _Herbe à pauvre —_; (bot.) hedge-hyssop. _La perle des —s_; (fam.) a very trump of a man, a trump. _Il n’y a tête d’— qui ose_; no man alive, no man living, would dare. _C’est un — que cet —-là_; he is a man every inch of him. _C’est le dernier des —s_; he is the worst of men, the greatest villain alive. _Il n’est pas — à faire de ces choses là_; he is not the sort of man to act like this. _C’est un — à ménager_; he is a man to be considered. _Voilà mon —_; that is the man for my money _or_ for me. _Il a trouvé son —_; he has found his match. ☉=hommeau= _or_ hommelet, _n.m._, little man, bit of a man. =homme-dieu=, _n.m._, (n.p.) Man-God. =homocentrique=, _adj._, (astron.) homocentric. =homogène=, _adj._, homogeneous. =homogénéité=, _n.f._, homogeneity, homogeneousness. =homologati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, homologative, affirmative. =homologation=, _n.f._, (jur.) confirmation, approval, homologation. =homologue= (-log), _adj._, (geom.) homologous, similar, like. =homologuer= (-ghé), _v.a._, (jur.) to confirm, to homologate. =homoncule= _or_ =homuncule=, _n.m._, (fam.) little man. =homonyme=, _adj._, homonymous. =homonyme=, _n.m.f._, homonym; namesake. =homonymie=, _n.f._, homonymy. =homophonie=, _n.f._, homophony. =honchets=, _n.m.pl._ _V._ =jonchets=. †=hongre=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (vet.) gelding; gelded; emasculated. _—_, _cheval —_; gelding. †=hongré=, _part._, gelded, gelt. †=hongrer=, _v.a._, to geld (a horse). †=hongrois=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Hungarian. †=hongrois=, _n.m._, Hungarian language. †=hongroyeur=, _n.m._, tanner of Hungary leather; saddler’s currier. =honnête=, _adj._, honest, upright, virtuous, becoming, seemly, decent, modest, decorous; handsome; genteel; suitable, proper, befitting; civil, kind, courteous, polite, moderate, reasonable. _Un — homme_; an honest man. _Une — femme_; a virtuous woman. _— garçon_; honest fellow. _Récompense —_; handsome reward. _Prétexte —_; fair pretense. _Prix —_; reasonable price. _— aisance_ or _fortune —_; decent competency. _Un homme —_; a civil man. _Cet habit est encore —_; this coat is still respectable. =honnête=, _n.m._, honesty, probity. =honnêtement=, _adv._, honestly, uprightly, honorably, virtuously; becomingly, decently, modestly, decorously, handsomely, genteelly; suitably, properly, befittingly; civilly, kindly, courteously, politely, handsomely (liberally); moderately, reasonably. =honnêteté= (o-nêt-té), _n.f._, honesty, probity, uprightness, integrity; modesty, decency; chastity, virtue; propriety, fitness, suitableness, decorum; laudableness, praiseworthiness; respectability, decorum; politeness, courtesy, kindness. _Blesser les règles de l’—_; to offend against the rules of propriety. _Faire une — à quelqu’un_; to be civil, courteous, polite to any one. _— ne coûte pas_; politeness costs nothing. =honneur=, _n.m._, honor; credit; respect, love; court-card, honor (at cards). _—s_; regalia (crown jewels). _Affaire d’—_; affair of honor. _Chevalier d’—_; gentleman in waiting. _Croix d’—_; cross of the Legion of Honor. _Dame d’—_; lady of honor; lady in waiting. _Fille d’—_; maid of honor. _Demoiselle d’—_; bride’s-maid. _Garçon d’—_; bride’s-man, best man. _Membre de la Légion d’—_; member of the Legion of Honor. _Parole d’—_; word of honor. _Parole d’—!_ or _ma parole d’—!_ upon my honor! _Partie d’—_; rubber (at cards); conquering game. _D’—_; honorable; honorary. _Non en homme d’—_; dishonorably; ungentlemanlike, ungentlemanly. _En —_; in honor, in request. _Sauf votre —_; saving your presence. _Être en —_; to be honored; to be in favor, in request. _Faire — à_; to do credit to, to be an honor to; (com.) to honor, to meet (bills). _Faire — à ses affaires_; to meet one’s engagements. _Faire à quelqu’un l’— de quelque chose_; to ascribe the honor of anything to any one. _Faire les —s_; to do the honors. _Se faire — de quelque chose_; to consider, to esteem, anything an honor; to take a pride in anything; to glory in; to take credit for anything. _Faire réparation d’—_; to make an apology. _Ne jouer que l’—_, _ne jouer que pour l’—_; to play for love. _Piquer d’—_; to put a man on his mettle. _Prendre tout au point d’—_; to be too nice, too delicate on a point of honor. _En sortir à son —_, _en sortir avec —_; to come off with honor. _Tenir à — de_; to esteem it an honor to. _S’en tirer avec —_; to come off with honor. _D’—_, _sur mon —_; upon my honor. _Foi d’homme d’—_; as I am a man of honor. _À tout seigneur, tout —_; give honor where honor is due. _Vous me faites —_; you honor me. _Briguer les —s_; to seek honors. _Un homme d’— n’a que sa parole_; an honest man’s word is as good as his bond. _En tout bien, tout —_; with nothing but honorable intentions. †=honni=, _part._, dishonored, disgraced. _— soit qui mal y pense_; evil be to him who evil thinks. †=honnir=, _v.a._, to dishonor, to disgrace, to brand, to cover with shame, to treat with contempt. =honorabilité=, _n.f._, honorableness, respectability. =honorable=, _adj._, honorable; respectable, creditable, reputable; proper, suitable. =honorablement=, _adv._, honorably; respectably, creditably; properly, suitably; nobly, sumptuously, splendidly. =honoraire=, _adj._, honorary, titular, titulary. =honoraire=, _n.m._, fee; salary; stipend. _Les —s d’un avocat_; a barrister’s fee. =honorée=, _n.f._, (com.) letter, favor. _Votre —_; your favor. =honorer=, _v.a._, to honor, to pay honor to; to do credit to, to be an honor to. _s’_=honorer=, _v.r._, to acquire honor; to do one’s self honor; to think, to consider, to deem, to esteem it an honor; to glory in, _or_ pride one’s self upon; to take a pride in. _ad_ =honores= (-rès), _adv._, (l.u.) honorary, _ad honorem_. =honorifique=, _adj._, titular, honorary. †=honte=, _n.f._, shame; disgrace, reproach, scandal, infamy; confusion. _Mauvaise —_; bashfulness. _Sans —_; shameless, unblushing; shamelessly, unblushingly. _Avoir — de faire une mauvaise action_; to be ashamed of doing a bad action. _Rougir de —_; to blush for very shame. _Faire — à quelqu’un_; to make any one feel ashamed; (but also:) _Nous lui avons fait —_; he was ashamed of us. _Vous me faites —_; I am ashamed of you. _Faire la — de_; to be a disgrace to. _Il est la — de sa famille_; he is a disgrace to his family. _Revenir avec sa courte —_; to return without success; to return affronted, balked, unsuccessful. _Avoir toute — bue_; to be lost to all shame, to all sense of shame. _Perdre toute —_; to lose all shame, all sense of shame. _Regarder comme une —_; to look upon, to hold, as a disgrace. _Que — ne vous fasse dommage_; (prov.) don’t be ashamed to do what is right. †=honteusement= (-teûz-mān), _adv._, shamefully, disgracefully, ignominiously, infamously, scandalously. †=honteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, ashamed; bashful, shy; shameful, disgraceful, scandalous, disreputable, discreditable. _Il a l’air —_; he has a bashful look. _Pauvres —_; modest poor. _Une conduite —se_; disgraceful conduct. _Les parties —ses_; the secret parts, pudenda. _Morceau —_; last piece in the dish (at table). _Il n’y que les — qui perdent_; a close mouth catches no flies, _or_ nothing ask, nothing have. _Jamais — n’eut belle amie_; faint heart never won fair lady. =hôpital=, _n.m._, hospital; alms-house, poor-house. _— ambulant_; field-hospital. _Vaisseau-—_ (_—x-hôpitaux_); hospital-ship. _Aller à l’—_; to go to the workhouse; to go to the dogs. _Prendre le chemin de l’—_; to be on the high-road to ruin; to go the way to the workhouse. _Mettre à l’—_; (fig.) to ruin, to beggar any one. †=hoquet=, _n.m._, hiccough, hiccup. _— de la mort_; death-rattle. _Avoir le —_; to have the hiccoughs, the hiccups. _Faire passer le —_; to stop the hiccoughs, the hiccups. †=hoqueton= (hok-ton), _n.m._, jacket (short coat _or_ cassock); yeoman of the guard. =horaire=, _adj._, horary, horal; _n._, time-table. †=horde=, _n.f._, horde. =hordéiforme=, _adj._, barley-shaped. ☉†=horion=, _n.m._, (jest.) bang, thump, violent blow. =horizon=, _n.m._, horizon. _À l’—_; on the horizon. _Monter sur l’—_; (astron.) to ascend. _Le croissant de la lune, qui venait de s’envoler de l’—_; the crescent moon in her upward flight from the horizon (V. Hugo). =horizontal=, =-e=, _adj._, horizontal. =horizontalement= (-tal-mān), _adv._, horizontally. =horloge=, _n.f._, clock; time-keeper; (nav.) glass. _— d’eau_; clepsydra. _— marine_; chronometer. _— solaire_; sun-dial. _Monter une —_; to wind up a clock. _— de sable_; hour-glass. _— de la mort_; (insect) death-watch. _— qui marche huit jours_; eight-day clock. =horloger=, _n.m._, clockmaker, watchmaker. =horlogère=, _n.f._, clockmaker’s wife, watchmaker’s wife. =horlogerie= (-lo-jrî), _n.f._, watchmaking, clockmaking; clock-work; horology. =hormis=, _prep._, except, excepting, but, save, saving. =horographie=, _n.f._, horography. =horoscope=, _n.m._, horoscope. _Tirer l’— de quelqu’un_; to cast any one’s nativity; to predict the fate of. _Faire tirer son —_; to have one’s fortune told. =horreur= (or-reur), _n.f._, horror, dread, detestation, abomination; awe; enormity; fright (very ugly person). _Être saisi d’—_; to be seized with horror. _J’ai — d’y penser_; I dread to think of it. _Une belle —_; an awful spectacle, sight. _Inspirer l’— du vice_; to inspire a horror for vice. _Avoir — de_ or _avoir en —_; to have a horror of; to hold in abomination, in detestation. _Faire — à_; to horrify, to disgust. _On m’a dit des —s de cet homme là_; I have been told shocking things about that man. =horrible= (or-ribl), _adj._, horrible, horrid, hideous, frightful, shocking, dreadful, fearful. _Il fait un temps —_; it is shocking weather. =horriblement= (or-ri-), _adv._, horribly, horridly, shockingly, hideously, frightfully. =horripilation= (or-ri-), _n.f._, (med.) horripilation. †=hors=, _prep._, out; beyond; past; but, except, save. _— de saison_; out of season. _— de doute_; without question, beyond doubt. _— de prix_; extremely dear, priceless. _— de combat_; disabled. _Je suis tout — de moi_; I am quite beside myself. _— d’ici!_ away with you, out of my sight! _— cela, nous sommes d’accord_; beyond that, _or_ in other respects, we agree. †=hors-d’œuvre=, _n.m._, (_—_) out-work, out-building; digression; episode; (cook.) side-dish. =hortensia=, _n.m._, (bot.) hortensia, hydrangea. =horticole=, _adj._, horticultural. =horticulteur=, _n.m._, horticulturist. =horticultural=, =-e=, _adj._, horticultural. =horticulture=, _n.f._, horticulture. _Exposition d’—_; flower-show. =hosanna= (o-za-n-na), _n.m._, (_—s_) Hosanna. =hospice=, _n.m._, hospital, refuge; alms-house; (in the Alps) convent, monastery. _— des enfants trouvés_; foundling hospital. _— des aliénés_; lunatic asylum. =hospitali-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, hospitable. =hospitali-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, hospitaler. =hospitalièrement=, _adv._, hospitably. =hospitalité=, _n.f._, hospitality. =hospodar=, _n.m._, hospodar. =hostie=, _n.f._, (Jewish antiq.) offering; victim, sacrifice; (c.rel.) host, consecrated wafer. =hostile=, _adj._, hostile, inimical, adverse. =hostilement= (os-til-mān), _adv._, hostilely, adversely. =hostilité=, _n.f._, hostility; enmity. =hôte=, _n.m._, host; landlord, innkeeper, publican; guest; lodger; traveler; inhabitant, occupant, occupier. _Table d’—_; table d’hôte, ordinary. _Qui compte sans son — compte deux fois_; he who reckons without his host must reckon again. =hôtel=, _n.m._, town mansion, large house; hotel, inn. _— de ville_; town-hall. _— des monnaies_; mint. _L’—-Dieu_; the chief hospital of a town. _Maître d’—_; steward. _Descendre à l’—_; to put up at an inn, at an hotel. _Être à l’—_; to stay, to lodge, at an hotel, at an inn. _— des Postes_; General Post-Office. _— des ventes_; auction mart. _— meublé_ or _garni_; furnished lodgings _or_ apartments, lodging-house. =hôteli-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, innkeeper, host, hostess, landlord, landlady, of an inn. =hôtellerie= (-tè-lrî), _n.f._, inn, hotel, hostelry. =hôtesse=, _n.f._, hostess; landlady of an inn, guest, visitor, lodger. †=hotte=, _n.f._, dosser, basket (carried on the back); basket funnel. †=hottée=, _n.f._, basketful. †=hottentot=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, Hottentot. †=hottereau= _or_ †=hotteret=, _n.m._, garden-basket. =hotteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, basket-carrier. †=houache= _or_ =houaiche=, _n.f._, _or_ =ouaiche=, _n.m._, (nav.) wake, track (of a ship). _V._ =sillage=. †=houblon=, _n.m._, hop. _— sauvage_; wild hop, hedge-hop. _Four à —_; hop-kiln. _Perche à —_; hop-hole. †=houblonner=, _v.a._, _n._, to hop. †=houblonnière=, _n.f._, hop-ground, hop-garden, hop-field, hop-yard. †=houcre=, _n.m._ _V._ =hourque=. †=houe=, _n.f._, (agri.) hoe. †=houement=, _n.m._, hoeing. †=houer=, _v.a._ and _n._, to hoe, to dig. *†=houille=, _n.f._, pit-coal, coal, sea-coal. _— flambante_; inflammable coal, open-burning coal. _— grasse_; smith-coal, cannel-coal. _— maigre_; uninflammable coal, close-burning coal. _— schisteuse_; slate-coal. _— sèche_; glance-coal; (min.) culm. _— de moyenne grosseur_; cob-coal. _Bateau pour le transport de la —_; coal-barge. _Chargeur de —_; coal-whipper. _Dépôt de —_; coal-depot, coal-wharf, coal-store. _Mine de —_; coal-mine, coal-pit. _Exploiter une mine de —_; to work a coal-mine. *†=houill-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, coal, coaly. _Terrains —s_; coal-fields. _Exploiter un terrain —_; to work a coal-field. _Gisements —s_; coal-measures _or_ beds. *†=houillère=, _n.f._, coal-mine, colliery, coal-pit. _Exploitant de —_; coal-master. _Propriétaire de —_; coal-owner, coal proprietor. *†=houilleur=, _n.m._, collier, coal-miner. *†=houilleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, containing coal, coaly. †=houlan=, _n.m._, (_—s_). _V._ =uhlan=. †=houle=, _n.f._, (nav.) billow, surge, swell; skillet, iron pot. †=houlette=, _n.f._, crook, sheep-hook; crosier; trowel; spatula. †=houleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (nav.) swelling. _Mer —se_; rough, rolling sea. †=houlque=, _n.f._ _V._ =houque=. †=houp!= (hoop), _int._, (hunt.) holla! _— là_; gee up! †=houper=, _v.a._, (hunt.) to hoop; to shout. _se_ †=houper=, _v.r._, to shout to each other. †=houppe=, _n.f._, tuft; top-knot; tassel. _— à poudrer_; powder-puff. †=houppé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) tufted, crested. †=houppée=, _n.f._, (nav.) crest, foam (of a wave). †=houppelande= (hoo-pland), _n.f._, overcoat (great coat). †=houpper=, _v.a._, to tuft. _— de la laine_; to tuft, to comb (wool). †=houque=, _n.f._, (bot.) feather-grass. †=houra=, _int._ _V._ =hourra=. *†=hourailler=, _v.n._, (hunt.) to hunt with bad hounds. †=houraillis=, _n.m._, (hunt.) pack of good-for-nothing hounds. †=hourdage=, _n.m._, rough-walling, pugging. †=hourder=, _v.a._, to rough-work, to rough-wall, to pug. †=hourdi=, _n.m._, (nav.) wing-transom. †=hourdis=, _n.m._ _V._ =hourdage=. †=houret=, _n.m._, (hunt.) bad hound. †=houri=, _n.f._, houri. †=hourque=, _n.f._, (nav.) hooker. †=hourra=, _n.m._, (_—s_) hurrah, hurray. †=hourvari=, _n.m._, (hunt.) cry to call back the dogs; uproar, din, tumult, crash and thunder (of battle). †=housard=, _n.m._ _V._ =hussard=. †=houseaux=, _n.m.pl._, spatterdashes, leggings. _Laisser ses —_; (fig.) to leave one’s bones, to die, to kick the bucket. *†=houspiller=, _v.a._, to pull, to touse, to worry, to mob, to tug, to maul; to abuse, to cut up, to rate. *_se_ †=houspiller=, _v.r._, to tug, to maul, to worry each other; to wrangle. †=houssage=, _n.m._, dusting, sweeping (with a feather-broom). †=houssaie=, _n.f._, holly-grove. †=houssard=, _n.m._ _V._ =hussard=. †=housse=, _n.f._, housing, horse-cloth; saddle-cloth, hammer-cloth; cover (for a bed, &c.). †=houssé=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) clothed (of a horse). †=housser=, _v.a._, to dust, to sweep. †=houssine=, _n.f._, switch. †=houssiner=, _v.a._, to switch; to beat, to thrash. †=houssoir=, _n.m._, whisk; birch-broom; feather-broom. †=housson=, _n.m._, (bot.) knee-holly, butcher’s-broom. †=houx=, _n.m._, holly, holly-tree. _—-frelon_ (_—-—s_), _petit —_; butcher’s-broom. †=hoyau=, _n.m._, mattock; pickax. ☉*†=huaille=, _n.f._, mob, rabble. †=huard=, _n.m._, ospray, osprey, sea-eagle. =hubert=, _n.m._, (insect) vine-fretter. _se_ =hubir=, _v.r._, to bristle up (of cats). †=hublot= _or_ =hulot=, _n.m._, (nav.) small port-hole. †=huche=, _n.f._, pan, kneading-trough; trough; bin-hopper (of a mill). _— au pain_; bread-pan. †=hucher=, _v.a._, (hunt.) to whistle. _Se —_, to whistle to each other. †=hue!= _int._, gee! gee up! to the right. †=huée=, _n.f._, shouting, shout; hooting. †=huer=, _v.a._ and _n._, to shout after, to hoot at; to hoot. †=huette=, _n.f._ _V._ =hulotte=. †=huguenot=, =-e= (hug-no, -t), _n._ and _adj._, Huguenot. †=huguenote=, _n.f._, kitchen-stove (in earthenware); pipkin. _Des œufs à la —_; eggs cooked in mutton gravy. †=huguenotisme=, _n.m._, (l.u.) Huguenotism. †=huhau!= _int._, gee up! to the right! _V._ =hue=. =huilage=, _n.m._, oiling. =huile=, _n.f._, oil. _— douce_; sweet oil. _— rance_; rancid oil. _— de ricin_; castor-oil. _— de navette_; rape-oil. _— de lin_; linseed-oil. _— de baleine_; train-oil, whale oil. _— comestible_; salad-oil. _— à brûler_; lamp-oil. _— de cotret_; stirrup oil (thrashing). _— de bras_, _— de coude_, _— de poignet_; elbow grease, thews and sinews. _— de pied de bœuf_; neat’s foot oil. _À l’—_; with oil. _Cet ouvrage sent l’—_; that work smells of the lamp. _Jeter de l’— sur_, or _dans_, _le feu_; to add fuel to the flame. _Tache d’—_; oil-stain; (fig.) irremediable evil, lasting shame. =huiler=, _v.a._, to oil; to anoint with oil; to grease. =huilerie=, _n.f._, oil-works, oil-shop. =huileu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, oily, greasy. =huilier=, _n.m._, cruet-stand. =huilière=, _n.f._, (nav.) oil-pitcher. ☉=huis=, _n.m._, door. _À — clos_; with closed doors, in private, in camerâ. =huisserie= (ui-srî), _n.f._, door-frame. =huissier=, _n.m._, usher; door-keeper; tip-staff, sheriff’s officer, bailiff; gentleman-usher. _— audiencier_; crier of the court. †=huit= (_huit_, before a vowel, a silent h, and at the end of the phrase; _hui_ before a word beginning with a consonant, when _huit_ qualifies it), _adj._, eight; eighth. _Dans — jours_, _d’aujourd’hui en —_; this day week. _Il y a eu hier — jours_; yesterday week. _Il y a eu Dimanche — jours_; last Sunday week. †=huit=, _n.m._, eight; eighth. _Le — au mois_; the eighth of the month. †=huitain=, _n.m._, stanza of eight lines. †=huitaine=, _n.f._, eight days. _Dans la —_; in the course of the week. †=huitième= (hui-ti-èm), _adj._, eighth. †=huitième=, _n.m._, eighth. †=huitième=, _n.f._, eighth class, eighth form (or _first_ form in England). †=huitièmement=, _adv._, eighthly. =huître=, _n.f._, oyster; (fig.) blockhead, dunce. _— marinée_; pickled oyster. _— à l’écaille_; oyster in the shell. _Cloyère d’—s_; basket of twenty-six dozen of oysters. _Frai d’—s_; oyster-brood. _C’est une — à l’écaille_; he is a blockhead. =huîtrier=, _n.m._, (orni.) oyster-catcher. =huîtrière=, _n.f._, oyster-bed. †=hulan=, _n.m._, (_—s_). _V._ =uhlan=. †=hulotte=, _n.f._, owlet, wood-owl. =humain=, =-e=, _adj._, human; humane, benevolent. _Le genre —_; mankind. =humain=, _n.m._, human being, man. =humainement=, _adv._, humanly; humanely. =humaniser=, _v.a._, to humanize, to civilize; to soften, to mollify. _s’_=humaniser=, _v.r._, to become humanized; to comply with, to come down to the intellectual level of others. =humaniste=, _n.m._, humanist. =humanitaire=, _adj._ and _n.m._, humanitarian. =humanité=, _n.f._, humanity; human nature; mankind. _pl._, humanities, classical studies. =humble=, _adj._, humble; lowly, meek, modest. =humblement=, _adv._, humbly; meekly. =humectant=, =-e=, _adj._, refreshing, moistening, emollient. =humectant=, _n.m._, humectant; (med.) emollient. =humectation=, _n.f._, moistening, wetting. =humecter=, _v.a._, to wet, to moisten, to damp, to refresh. _s’_=humecter=, _v.r._, to be moistened; to refresh one’s self. _S’— le gosier_; to wet one’s whistle. †=humer=, _v.a._, to inhale, to suck in, to sniff. _— l’air_; to inhale the air. =huméral=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) humeral. =humérus= (-rûs), _n.m._, (anat.) humerus. =humeur=, _n.f._, humor; temper, disposition, turn of mind, mood, caprice, fancy, whim; ill-humor. _—s froides_; king’s evil, scrofula. _— noire_; spleen. _Elle a l’— gaie_; she is of a cheerful disposition. _Être d’— à_ or _être en — de faire quelque chose_; to be in a mood to do anything. _Être de bonne —_; to be in a good humor _or_ temper. _Être de mauvaise —_; to be out of temper. _Avoir de l’—_; to be out of temper. _Avec —_; peevishly, crossly, ill-humoredly. _Prendre de l’—_; to get out of temper. =humide=, _n._ and _adj._, moisture, humidity; humid, watery; damp, wet, moist, liquid. =humidement= (u-mid-mān), _adv._, (l.u.) in a damp place. =humidité=, _n.f._, humidity, dampness, moisture, wateriness, wetness. =humiliant=, =-e=, _adj._, humiliating, degrading. =humiliation=, _n.f._, humiliation, abasement, degradation. =humilier=, _v.a._, to humble, to humiliate, to take down, to bring down, to abase. _s’_=humilier=, _v.r._, to humble, to humiliate, to abase, one’s self. =humilité=, _n.f._, humility, humbleness, meekness, lowliness. =humoral=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) humoral. =humorisme=, _n.m._, (med.) humoralism. =humoriste=, _adj._, peevish, ill-tempered; humoristic. =humoriste=, _n.m._, ill-tempered, peevish person; humorist; (med.) humoralist. =humoristique=, _adj._, humoristic. =humus= (u-mûs), _n.m._, soil, mold. †=hun=, _n.m._, Hun. †=hune=, _n.f._, (nav.) top. _La grande —_; the main-top. _La — de misaine_; the fore-top. _La — d’artimon_; the mizzen-top. †=hunier=, _n.m._, top-sail. _Le grand —_; the main top-sail. _Le petit —_; the fore top-sail. †=huppe=, _n.f._, (orni.) peewit; lapwing; tuft, topknot. †=huppé=, =-e=, _adj._, tufted, crested (of birds); (fam.) crack, best, well off, smartly dressed. _Des plus —s_; of the highest, smartest. _Les plus —s y sont pris_; (prov.) the most cunning are deceived. †=hure=, _n.f._, head (of a wild boar). _— de saumon_; jowl of a salmon. _Vilaine —_; mop; shock of hair. †=hurhau!= _int._, gee! gee ho! _V._ =hue=. †=hurlement=, _n.m._, howl, howling, roar; yell, yelling, shriek, scream. †=hurler=, _v.n._, to howl, to yell; to roar, to bellow, to shout, to scream. _Hurler avec les loups_; to do as others do. †=hurleur=, _n.m._, howler. †=hurluberlu=, _n.m._, (jest.) giddy goose, hare-brained person, harum-scarum. _En —_; thoughtlessly, inconsiderately. †=hussard=, _n.m._, hussar. _à la_ †=hussarde=, _adv._, like hussars; by rapine, by pillage. _Bottes à la —_; riding-boots. †=hutte=, _n.f._, hut, cottage, shed, shanty. _se_ †=hutter=, _v.r._, to make a hut, to lodge in. =hyacinthe=, _n.f._, (bot., min.) hyacinth. =hyades=, _n.f.pl._, (astron.) Hyades. =hyalin=, =-e=, _adj._, hyaline. =hyalode=, _adj._, of the color of glass. =hybride=, _n.m._ and _adj._, hybrid, mongrel. =hydr=, =hydro=, prefix from Greek ὕδωρ. =hydragogue= (-gog), _n.m._, (med.) hydragogue. =hydrate=, _n.m._, (chem.) hydrate. =hydraté=, _adj._, (chem.) hydrated. =hydraulique=, _n.f._ and _adj._, hydraulics; hydraulic. _Bélier —_; (phys.) water-ram. _Ouvrages —s_; water-works. _Puissance —_; water-power. =hydre=, _n.f._, hydra. =hydrocèle=, _n.f._, hydrocele. =hydrocéphale=, _n.f._, hydrocephalus. =hydrochlorate=, _n.m._, (chem.) hydrochlorate. =hydrochlorique=, _adj._, (chem.) hydrochloric. =hydrocotyle=, _n.f._, (bot.) hydrocotyle. =hydrodynamique=, _n.f._ and _adj._, hydrodynamics; hydrodynamic. =hydrogène=, _n.m._, (chem.) hydrogen. =hydrogéné=, =-e=, _adj._, (chem.) hydrogenated, combined with hydrogen. =hydrogéner=, _v.a._, to hydrogenize. =hydrographe=, _n.m._, hydrographer. =hydrographie=, _n.f._, hydrography. =hydrographique=, _adj._, hydrographical. =hydrolithe=, _n.f._, hydrolite. =hydrologie=, _n.f._, hydrology. =hydromancie=, _n.f._, hydromancy. =hydromel=, _n.m._, hydromel, mead. _— vineux_; metheglin, mead. =hydromètre=, _n.m._, hydrometer. =hydrométrie=, _n.f._, hydrometry. =hydrométrique=, _adj._, hydrometrical. =hydrophane=, _n.f._, (min.) hydrophane. =hydrophobe=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, hydrophobiac. =hydrophobie=, _n.f._, hydrophobia. =hydropique=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, dropsical person; dropsical. =hydropisie=, _n.f._, dropsy. =hydropneumatique=, _adj._, hydropneumatic. =hydroscope=, _n.m._, hydroscope; bletonist. =hydroscopie=, _n.f._, hydroscopy, bletonism. =hydrostatique=, _n.f._ and _adj._, hydrostatics; hydrostatical. =hydrosulfate= _or_ =hydrosulfure=, _n.m._, (chem.) hydrosulphate, hydrosulphuret. =hydrosulfurique=, _adj._, hydrosulphuric. =hydrothérapie=, _n.f._, (med.) hydropathy. =hydrothérapique=, _adj._, hydropathic. =hydrothorax= (-raks), _n.m._, hydrothorax. =hydrotique=, _adj._, hydrotic. =hydrure=, _n.m._, (chem.) hydruret. =hyémal=, =-e=, _adj._ _V._ =hiémal=. =hyémation=, _n.f._, hyemation. =hyène=, _n.f._, hyena. =hygiène=, _n.f._, hygiene. =hygiénique=, _adj._, hygienic. =hygrologie=, _n.f._, (med.) hygrology. =hygromètre=, _n.m._, hygrometer. =hygrométrie=, _n.f._, hygrometry. =hygrométrique=, _adj._, hygrometrical. =hymen= (i-mèn) _or_ =hyménée=, _n.m._, Hymen; marriage, wedlock. =hymen=, _n.m._, (anat.) hymen. =hyménoptère=, _n.m._ and _adj._, hymenopter; hymenopteral. =hymnaire=, _n.m._, hymn-book, hymnal. =hymne=, _n.m._, hymn (patriotic). =hymne=, _n.f._, hymn (sung in churches). _Recueil d’—s_; hymn-book. =hyoïde=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (anat.) hyoid bone, tongue-bone; hyoid. =hypallage=, _n.f._, (gram.) hypallage. =hyperbate=, _n.f._, (gram.) hyperbaton. =hyperbole=, _n.f._, (rhet.) hyperbole; exaggeration; (math.) hyperbola. =hyperbolique=, _adj._, hyperbolic; hyperbolical. =hyperboliquement= (-lik-mān), _adv._, hyperbolically. =hyperborée= _or_ =hyperboréen=, =-ne= (-in, -èn), _adj._, hyperborean. =hyperboréens=, _n.m.pl._, (Grec. antiq.) Hyperboreans. =hypercatalectique=, _adj._, hypercatalectic. =hypercritique=, _n.m._, hypercritic. _adj._, hypercritical. =hyperdulie=, _n.f._, hyperdulia (worship of the Virgin Mary). =hypertrophie=, _n.f._, (med.) hypertrophy. =hypertrophié=, _adj._, (of the heart) enlarged. =hypèthre=, _n.m._, (arch.) hypæthron. _adj._, hypæthral (_i.e._, uncovered (of temples)). =hypnotique=, _adj._, (med.) hypnotic. =hypocondre=, _n.m._, (anat.) hypochondrium. =hypocondriaque= _or_ =hypocondre=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, (med.) hypochondriac, hypochondriacal. =hypocondrie=, _n.f._, hypochondriasis, spleen. =hypocras=, _n.m._, hippocras. =hypocrisie=, _n.f._, hypocrisy. _Avec —_; hypocritically. =hypocrite=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, hypocrite; hypocritical. =hypocritement=, _adv._, hypocritically. =hypogastre=, _n.m._, (anat.) hypogastrium. =hypogastrique=, _adj._, hypogastric. =hypogée=, _n.m._, (arch.) hypogeum. =hypoglosse=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (anat.) hypoglossal nerves; hypoglossal, under the tongue. =hypoglottide=, _n.f._, (pharm.) a lozenge. =hypophylle=, _adj._, (bot.) hypophyllous. =hypopyon=, _n.m._, hypopium. =hypostase=, _n.f._, (theol.) hypostasis. =hypostatique=, _adj._, (theol.) hypostatical. =hypostatiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, hypostatically. =hypostyle=, _adj._, _n.m._, (arch.) hypostyle. =hypoténuse=, _n.f._, (geom.) hypothenuse. =hypothécaire=, _adj._, on mortgage. _Créancier —_; mortgagee. =hypothécairement= (-kèr-mān), _adv._, by _or_ with mortgage. =hypothèque=, _n.f._, mortgage. _Créancier sur —_; mortgagee. _Débiteur sur —_; mortgager. _Donner en —_; to give as a mortgage. _Eteindre_, _purger_, _une —_; to pay off a mortgage. =hypothéquer=, _v.a._, to mortgage. _Il est bien hypothéqué_; (fig.) he is very infirm. =hypothèse=, _n.f._, hypothesis, supposition. _Par —_; by supposition. =hypothétique=, _adj._, hypothetical. =hypothétiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, hypothetically. =hypotypose=, _n.f._, (rhet.) hypotyposis. =hypsomètre=, _n.m._, hypsometer. =hypsométrie=, _n.f._, altimetry, hypsometry. =hysope=, _n.f._, (bot.) hyssop. =hystérie=, _n.f._, hysteria, hysterics. =hystérique=, _adj._, _n.m.f._, hysteric, hysterical. =hystérite=, _n.f._, (med.) hysteritis. =hystérocèle=, _n.f._, (med.) hysterocele. =hystérologie=, _n.f._, (rhet.) hysterology, hysteron-proteron. =hystéromanie=, _n.f._, (med.) hysteromania. =hystéromètre=, _n.m._, (surg.) hysterometer. =hystérotome=, _n.m._, (surg.) hysterotome. =hystérotomie=, _n.f._, (surg.) hysterotomy. I =i=, _n.m._, the ninth letter of the alphabet, i. _Il met les points sur les —_; he is very particular, very precise, _or_ punctilious. =ïambe=, _n.m._, (poet.) iambus, iambic. =ïambique=, _adj._, iambic. =ibid=, ab. of _ibidem_. =ibidem= (-dèm), _adv._, ibidem, the same. =ibis= (i-bis), _n.m._, (orni.) ibis. =icaque=, _n.f._, cocoa-plum. =icaquier=, _n.m._, cocoa-plum tree. ☉=icel-ui=, _m._, =-le=, _f._, _pron._, (jur.) this; that. =ichneumon=, _n.m._, (mam., ent.) ichneumon; ichneumon-fly. =ichnographie= (ik-no-), _n.f._, ichnography, ground-plan. =ichnographique=, _adj._, ichnographic. =ichor= (i-kor), _n.m._, (med.) ichor. =ichoreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) ichorous. =ichtyocolle= (ik-ti-), _n.f._, isinglass, fish-glue. =ichtyographie=, _n.f._, ichthyography. =ichtyographique=, _adj._, ichthyographic. =ichtyolithe=, _n.m._, ichthyolite. =ichtyologie=, _n.f._, ichthyology. =ichtyologique=, _adj._, ichthyological. =ichtyologiste=, _n.m._, ichthyologist. =ichtyophage=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, ichthyophagist; ichthyophagous. =ichtyosaure=, _n.m._, (geol.) ichthyosaurus. =ici=, _adv._, here, hither, in this place; now. _Il a passé par —_; he passed this way. _Venez —_; come here. _D’—_; hence. _D’— à deux jours_; within two days. _D’— là_; from here to there; between this and then. _— près_; hard by. _Par —_; through here, this way. _— bas_; here below. _Jusqu’—_; till now, up to this time, hitherto; down to here. _C’est —_; this is the place; here we are. =icoglan=, _n.m._, page of the Sultan. =iconoclaste=, _n.m._, iconoclast. =iconographe=, _n.m._, iconographer. =iconographie=, _n.f._, iconography. =iconographique=, _adj._, iconographical. =iconolâtre=, _n.m._, iconolater, image-worshiper. =iconolâtrie=, _n.f._, iconolatry, image-worship. =iconologie=, _n.f._, iconology. =iconostase=, _n.f._, iconostasis. =icosaèdre=, _n.m._, (geom.) icosahedron. =icosandre=, _adj._, icosandrous. =icosandrie=, _n.f._, (bot.) icosandria. =ictère=, _n.m._, (med.) icterus, jaundice. =ictérique=, _adj._, icteric, jaundiced. =id=, ab. of _idem_. =ide=, _n.m._, (ich.) ide; (piquet) name of each of the two tricks played to decide a bet. =ides=, _n.f.pl._, ides. =idéal=, =-e=, _adj._, ideal, vain, imaginary, visionary. =idéal=, _n.m._, ideal. _Le beau —_; the beau-ideal, ideal beauty, _or_ perfection. =idéalement=, _adv._, ideally. =idéaliser=, _v.a._, to idealize. _S’—_; to become idealized. =idéalisme=, _n.m._, idealism. =idéaliste=, _n.m._, idealist. =idée=, _n.f._, idea, notion, perception; plan; hint; conceit, fancy; sketch, outline; mind, head; thought; meaning, opinion, taste; reason; invention; imagination; just a taste. _Selon nos —s_; according to our notions. _En —_; in imagination, in fancy. _Il me vient à l’—_; it occurs to me. _Avoir une —_; to have an idea. _N’avoir pas d’— de_; to have no notion of. _Se faire une —_; to form an idea. _Il me revient en —_, _à l’—_, _que ..._; it recurs to me that. _Changer d’—_; to alter one’s mind. _Se mettre dans l’—_; to take it into one’s head. _Oter une chose de l’— de quelqu’un_; to get a thing out of any one’s head. _Donner une — d’ail à quelque chose_; to give just a taste of garlic to anything. _On ne peut lui ôter cela de l’—_; one cannot get that out of his head. _Il me vient une —_; an idea strikes me. _Perdre l’— de_; to lose all recollection of. _— creuse_; empty notion. _— fixe_; fixed idea. _— plaisante_; odd conceit. _J’ai —_; I rather think. _A-t-on —!_ what an idea! _Quelle —!_ well! I never. =idem= (i-dèm), _adv._, idem, ditto. =identification=, _n.f._, identification. =identifier=, _v.a._, to identify. _s’_=identifier=, _v.r._, to identify one’s self, to become identified; to identify. =identique=, _adj._, identical, the same. =identiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, identically. =identité=, _n.f._, identity, sameness. =idéographie=, _n.f._, ideography. =idéographique=, _adj._, ideographic. =idéologie=, _n.f._, ideology. =idéologique=, _adj._, ideological. =idéologue=, _n.m._, ideologist. =idio-électrique=, _adj._, idio-electric. =idiomatique=, _adj._, idiomatic. =idiome=, _n.m._, idiom, dialect, language. =idiopathie=, _n.f._, (med.) idiopathy; (philos.) inclination. =idiopathique=, _adj._, idiopathic. =idiosyncrasie=, _n.f._, idiosyncrasy. =idiot=, =-e=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, idiot, natural fool; fool; idiotic, absurd, foolish. _C’est — ce que vous faites là_; there is no common sense in that. _C’est du dernier —_; it is the height of absurdity. =idiotie= (-ci), _n.f._, (med.) idiocy, idiotcy, imbecility. =idiotisme=, _n.m._, (gram.) idiom, idiotism; (med.) idiocy, idiotcy. =idolâtre=, _n.m._ and _adj._, idolater; idolatrous. _Elle est — de ses enfants_; she dotes on her children. =idolâtrer=, _v.n._, to worship idols. =idolâtrer=, _v.a._, to idolize, to be extremely fond of, to dote upon. _Il idolâtre cette femme_; he idolizes that woman. =idolâtrie=, _n.f._, idolatry. _Il l’aime à l’—_; he idolizes her, _or_ loves her to madness. =idolâtrique=, _adj._, idolatrous. =idole=, _n.f._, idol. _C’est une vraie —_; she is nothing but a wax doll. _Il se tient là comme une —_; he stands there like a statue. _Faire son — de_; to idolize. =idylle=, _n.f._, idyl, idyll. =if=, _n.m._, yew, yew-tree; lamp stand. *=igname=, _n.f._, Indian potato; yam. *=ignare=, _n.m._ and _adj._, dunce, ignoramus; illiterate, ignorant. =igné=, =-e= (ig-né), _adj._, igneous. =ignescence=, _n.f._, ignescence. =ignicole= (ig-ni-), _n.m._ and _adj._, ignicolist, fire-worshiping; fire-worshiper. =ignition= (ig-ni-), _n.f._, ignition. _Entrer en —_; to ignite. =ignivome=, _adj._, vomiting-fire. =ignivore= (ig-ni-), _adj._, ignivorous, fire-eating. *=ignobilité=, _n.f._, ignobleness, baseness, vileness. *=ignoble=, _adj._, ignoble, vile, mean, disgraceful, base; beastly, filthy. *=ignoblement=, _adv._, ignobly, vilely, basely. *=ignominie=, _n.f._, ignominy; disgrace, dishonor. *=ignominieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, ignominiously. *=ignominieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, ignominious. *=ignoramment= (-ra-mān) _adv._, ignorantly, unknowingly. *=ignorance=, _n.f._, ignorance; error, mistake, blunder. _— crasse_; sordid _or_ gross ignorance. _Par —_; from ignorance. _Être dans l’— de_; to be ignorant of. _Prétendre cause d’—_; to plead ignorance. _Croupir dans l’—_; to wallow in ignorance. *=ignorant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, ignoramus, ignorant person; ignorant, illiterate, unlearned; unacquainted with. *=ignorantin=, _n.m._ and _adj._, ignorant. _—s_, _frères —s_; lay-brothers (teachers of the poor). *=ignorantissime=, _adj._, most ignorant. *=ignoré=, =-e=, _part._, unknown; concealed, forgotten. *=ignorer=, _v.a._, to be ignorant of, not to know, to be unacquainted with; not to be aware of. _J’ignorais qu’il fût arrivé_; I was not aware he had arrived. _Ne pas —_; to know, to be aware of. *_s’_=ignorer=, _v.r._, not to know one’s self; to be ignorant of one’s own capabilities. =iguane=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) iguana. =il=, _pron._ _m._, he; it, there; _pl._ =ils=, they. _— me parle_; he speaks to me. _— fait froid_; it is cold. _— y a des gens_; there are persons, people. _— s’éleva un murmure_; a murmur arose. =île=, _n.f._, island, isle. _Les Iles_; the Antilles, (also formerly a province of France containing the capital, Paris.) _—s sous le vent_; Leeward Islands. _—s du vent_; Windward Islands. _L’— de France_; Mauritius. =iléon= _or_ ileum, _n.m._, (anat.) ileum. =iles=, _n.m.pl._, (anat.) ilia, flanks. _Os des —_; os ilium, hip-bone. =ilet=, _n.m._ _V._ =ilot=. =iléus= (-ûs), _n.m._, (med.) ileus; iliac passion. =iliade=, _n.f._, Iliad. =iliaque=, _adj._, (anat.) iliac. =ilion= _or_ =ilium=, _n.m._, (anat.) coxa, haunch-bone; (hist.) Ilium, Troy. =illégal=, =-e= (il-lé-), _adj._, illegal, unlawful. =illégalement= (il-lé-gal-mān), _adv._, illegally, unlawfully. =illégalité= (il-lé-), _n.f._, illegality, unlawfulness. =illégitime= (il-lé-), _adj._, illegitimate; unlawful, unjust; spurious. =illégitimement= (il-lé-), _adv._, illegitimately, unlawfully. =illégitimité= (il-lé-), _n.f._, illegitimacy, unlawfulness, spuriousness. =illettré=, =-e= (il-lè-), _adj._, illiterate, unlettered. =illibéral=, =-e= (il-li-), _adj._, illiberal; mean; mechanical (of artisans). =illibéralement= (il-li-), _adv._, illiberally; meanly. =illibéralité=, _n.f._, illiberality, meanness. =illicite= (il-li-), _adj._, illicit, unlawful. =illicitement= (il-li-cit-mān), _adv._, illicitly, unlawfully. =illimitable= (il-li-), _adj._, illimitable. =illimité=, =-e= (il-li-), _adj._, unlimited, unbounded, boundless. =illisibilité=, _n.f._, illegibility. =illisible=, (il-li-), _adj._, illegible. =illisiblement= (il-li-), _adv._, illegibly. =illogicité= (il-lo-), _n.f._, illogicalness. =illogique= (il-lo-), _adj._, illogical. =illogiquement= (il-lo-jik-mān), _adv._, illogically. =illuminant=, _n.m._ and _adj._, illuminant; illuminating. =illuminateur= (il-lu-), _n.m._ and _adj._, illuminator; illuminating, enlightening. =illuminati-f=, =-ve= (il-lu-), _adj._, illuminative. =illumination= (il-lu-), _n.f._, illumination. =illuminé=, =-e= (il-lu-), _adj._, illuminated, enlightened. =illuminé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, visionary, fanatic. =illuminer= (il-lu-), _v.a._, to illuminate; to illumine; to light up; to enlighten the mind. _S’—_; to become illuminated; to brighten up, to beam. =illuminisme= (il-lu-), _n.m._, illuminism. =illusion= (il-lu-), _n.f._, illusion, self-deception, self-delusion, delusion; fallacy; chimera; phantom. _Se faire — à soi-même_; to deceive, to delude one’s self. _Être dans l’—_; to be laboring under a delusion. =illusionner=, _v.a._, to delude; to deceive. _S’—_; to delude, to deceive one’s self. =illusoire= (il-lu-), _adj._, illusive, illusory, delusive. =illusoirement= (il-lu-zoar-mān), _adv._, illusively, fallaciously. =illustration= (il-lus-), _n.f._, illustration, illustriousness; celebrity, renown; illustrious man; explanation; elucidation. _C’est une des —s de la France_; he is one of the glories of France. =illustre= (il-lu-), _adj._, illustrious, famous, renowned, eminent. =illustre=, _n.m._, illustrious man, worthy. =illustrer= (il-lu-), _v.a._, to illustrate; to do honor to; to give luster to; to render illustrious; to illuminate; to explain; to make clear. _s’_=illustrer=, _v.r._, to render one’s self illustrious; to become illustrious. =illustrissime= (il-lu-), _adj._, most illustrious. =îlot=, _n.m._, islet; eyot; block, cluster (of houses). =ilote=, _n.m._, helot, slave. =ilotisme=, _n.m._, helotism. =image=, _n.f._, image, likeness, resemblance; picture, statue. _Être sage comme une —_; to be as good as gold. =imag-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, image-vendor. =imager=, _v.a._, to picture; to adorn with images. =imagerie= (i-ma-jri), _n.f._, image-trade. =imaginable=, _adj._, imaginable. =imaginaire=, _adj._, imaginary, visionary, fancied, unreal; (math.) imaginary, impossible. _Espaces —s_; imaginary realms. =imaginati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, imaginative. =imagination=, _n.f._, imagination, conception, fancy, conceit; thought; invention. _C’est un effet de l’—_; it is all fancy. _Se faire des —s_; to fancy all sorts of things. =imaginative=, _n.f._, imagination, fancy, imaginative faculty. =imaginer=, _v.a._, to imagine, to conceive, to contrive; to fancy, to think, to believe, to suppose; to contrive, to devise. _s’_=imaginer=, _v.r._, to imagine one’s self, to imagine, to think, to fancy, to believe, to conceive. _Imaginez-vous_; just fancy. =iman=, _n.m._, iman (Mohammedan priest). =imbécile=, _adj._, imbecile, foolish, silly, simple. =imbécile=, _n.m.f._, idiot, fool, simpleton, ninny. =imbécilement= (-sil-mān), _adv._, foolishly, stupidly. =imbécillité=, _n.f._, imbecility, idiotcy; stupidity, foolishness. =imberbe=, _adj._, beardless; raw, green. =imberbe=, _n.m._, beardless boy. =imbiber=, _v.a._, to imbibe; to imbue; to soak; to steep, to take in, to drink in. _s’_=imbiber=, _v.r._, to imbibe, to soak. =imbibition=, _n.f._, imbibition. =imbrication=, _n.f._, over-lapping. =imbricé=, =-e=, _adj._, imbricated, overlapping. =imbrim= (in-bri-m), _n.m._, (orni.) loon, great diver. =imbriqué=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) imbricated, overlapping. *=imbroglio= (-bro-lio), _n.m._, (_—s_) imbroglio, confusion, intricacy, perplexity. =imbu=, =-e=, _adj._, (de) imbued, impressed (with), tinctured. =imbuvable=, _adj._, undrinkable. =imitable=, _adj._, imitable. =imitat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, imitative. =imitat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, imitator. =imitati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, imitative. _Les arts —s_; the imitative arts. =imitation=, _n.f._, imitation. _À l’— de_; in imitation of. =imiter=, _v.a._, to imitate, to copy, to mimic, to take off, to take pattern upon; to resemble. =immaculé=, =-e= (im-ma-), _adj._, immaculate, spotless. =immanent=, =-e= (im-ma-), _adj._, immanent; inherent. =immangeable= (im-man-jabl), _adj._, uneatable. =immanquable= (im-man-), _adj._, infallible, certain, sure. =immanquablement= (im-man-), _adv._, infallibly, certainly, without fail. =immarcescible= (im-mar-), _adj._, incorruptible, unfading. =immatérialisme= (im-ma-), _n.m._, immaterialism. =immatérialiste= (im-ma-), _n.m._, immaterialist. =immatérialité= (im-ma-), _n.f._, immateriality. =immatériel=, =-le= (im-ma-), _adj._, immaterial, incorporeal. =immatériellement= (im-ma-té-rièl-mān), _adv._, immaterially, incorporeally. =immatriculation= (im-ma-), _n.f._, matriculation. =immatricule= (im-ma-), _n.f._, (jur.) matriculation; registering. =immatriculé=, =-e=, _adj._, registered, matriculated. =immatriculer= (im-ma-), _v.a._, to matriculate; to register. _Se faire —_; to get one’s name entered. =immédiat=, =-e= (im-mé-), _adj._, immediate. =immédiatement= (im-mé-diat-mān), _adv._, immediately; directly. =immémorial=, =-e= (im-mé-), _adj._, immemorial. =immémorialement= (im-mé-) _adv._, immemorially. =immense= (im-māns), _adj._, immense, infinite, boundless; enormous, huge; prodigious. =immensément= (im-mān-), _adv._, immensely. =immensité= (im-mān-), _n.f._, immensity, boundlessness; boundless space. =immensurable= (im-mān-), _adj._, immensurable. =immerger= (im-mèr-), _v.a._, to immerge, to immerse, to plunge, to dip. _S’—_; to be immerged, to plunge. =immérité=, =-e= (im-mé-), _adj._, undeserved, unmerited, uncalled for. =immersi-f=, =-ve= (im-mèr-), _adj._, by immersion. =immersion= (im-mèr-), _n.f._, immersion. =immesurable=, _adj._, immeasurable. =immesuré=, =-e=, _adj._, unmeasured. =imméthodique=, _adj._, unmethodical. =immeuble= (im-meu-bl), _adj._, (jur.) real. =immeuble=, _n.m._, estate, real estate, landed estate; realty; fixture. =immigrant= (im-mi-), _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, immigrant. =immigration= (im-mi-), _n.f._, immigration. =immigrer= (im-mi-), _v.n._, to immigrate. =imminence= (im-mi-), _n.f._, imminence, impendency. =imminent=, =-e= (im-mi-), _adj._, imminent, impending. _s’_=immiscer= (si-mi-sé), _v.r._, to interfere, to take upon one’s self; to meddle with; (jur.) to enter upon (possession). _S’— dans les affaires des autres_; to meddle with other people’s business. =immiscibilité= (im-mis-), _n.f._, immiscibility. =immiscible= (im-mis-), _adj._, immiscible. =immission= (im-mi-), _n.f._, immission. =immixtion= (im-miks-tion), _n.f._, blending; (jur.) entering on possession; uncalled for, unwarrantable interference. =immobile= (im-mo-), _adj._, immovable, motionless; unshaken, stable, firm. =immobilement=, _adv._, immovably. =immobili-er=, =-ère= (im-mo-), _adj._, real (of estate). _Société —ère_; building society. ☉=immobilier=, _n.m._, landed property. =immobilisation= (im-mo-), _n.f._, (jur.) conversion of property into real estate. =immobiliser= (im-mo-), _v.a._, to convert into real estate; to realize. =immobilité= (im-mo-), _n.f._, immobility, immovability. =immodération=, _n.f._, immoderation. =immodéré=, =-e= (im-mo-), _adj._, immoderate, intemperate, excessive, violent. =immodérément= (im-mo-), _adv._, immoderately, intemperately, excessively. =immodeste= (im-mo-), _adj._, immodest, indecent. =immodestement= (im-mo-), _adv._, immodestly, indecently. =immodestie= (im-mo-dès-tî), _n.f._, immodesty, indecency. =immolateur= (im-mo-), _n.m._ and _adj._, immolator, sacrificer; immolating, sacrificing. =immolation= (im-mo-), _n.f._, immolation, sacrifice. =immoler= (im-mo-lé), _v.a._, to immolate, to sacrifice, to slay; (fig.) to laugh at, to ridicule. _s’_=immoler=, _v.r._, to immolate, to sacrifice one’s self; to sacrifice one’s feelings; to stand ridicule. _S’— pour sa patrie_; to sacrifice one’s self for one’s country. _Il s’est immolé de bonne grâce_; he stood the joke very well. =immonde= (im-mond), _adj._, unclean, impure. =immondices= (im-mon-), _n.f.pl._, filth, dirt; (Bibl.) uncleanliness, impurity. =immondicité= (im-mon-), _n.f._, (Bibl.) uncleanness. =immoral=, =-e= (im-mo-), _adj._, immoral. =immoralité= (im-mo-), _n.f._, immorality. =immortaliser= (im-mor-), _v.a._, to immortalize. _s’_=immortaliser=, _v.r._, to immortalize one’s self. =immortalité= (im-mor-), _n.f._, immortality. =immortel=, =-le= (im-mor-), _adj._, immortal, everlasting. =immortel=, _n.m._, =-le=, _n.f._, immortal. =immortelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) everlasting. =immortellement=, _adv._, immortally. =immortification= (im-mor-), _n.f._, (theol.) immortification. =immortifié=, =-e= (im-mor-), _adj._, unmortified. =immuable= (im-mu-), _adj._, immutable, unalterable, unchangeable. =immuablement= (im-mu-), _adv._, immutably, unalterably, unchangeably. =immunité= (im-mu-), _n.f._, immunity. =immutabilité= (im-mu-), _n.f._, immutability, unchangeableness. =impact=, _n.m._, (mech.) impact. =impair=, =-e=, _adj._, odd, uneven. =impairement= (in-pèr-mān), _adv._, (math.) unevenly, oddly. =impalpabilité=, _n.f._, impalpability. =impalpable=, _adj._, impalpable. =impanation=, _n.f._, (theol.) impanation. =impané=, =-e=, _adj._, impanate. =impardonnable=, _adj._, unpardonable. =impardonnablement=, _adv._, unpardonably. =imparfait=, =-e=, _adj._, imperfect, unfinished, incomplete, defective. =imparfait=, _n.m._, (gram.) imperfect, imperfect tense. =imparfaitement= (-fèt-mān), _adv._, imperfectly. =imparisyllabique=, _adj._, (gram.) imparisyllabic. =imparité=, _n.f._, inequality, imparity. =impartageable= (-jabl), _adj._, indivisible. =impartial=, =-e=, _adj._, impartial. =impartialement= (-sial-mān), _adv._, impartially. =impartialité=, _n.f._, impartiality. =impasse=, _n.f._, blind alley (street _or_ court with only one entrance); inextricable difficulty, dead-lock, dilemma; (at whist) finesse. =impassibilité=, _n.f._, impassibility, impassiveness. =impassible=, _adj._, impassible, impassive, undisturbed, unmoved. =impassiblement=, _adv._, impassively, undisturbedly. =impastation=, _n.f._, (mas.) impastation. =impatiemment= (-sia-mān), _adv._, impatiently, eagerly. =impatience=, _n.f._, impatience; restlessness, eagerness; longing. _L’— dans les douleurs_; impatience under suffering. _Donner des —s_; to put out of all patience. _Être dans l’— de faire une chose_; to be impatient, eager to do a thing, to long to do. =impatient=, =-e=, _adj._, impatient; anxious, restless, eager. =impatientant=, =-e=, _adj._, provoking, vexing. =impatienter=, _v.a._, to make impatient, to tire any one’s patience, to put out of patience; to provoke. _s’_=impatienter=, _v.r._, to lose one’s patience, to become _or_ grow impatient; to fret, to worry. _s’_=impatroniser=, _v.r._, (b.s.) to assume _or_ usurp authority; to get a footing; to set up as a master. =impayable=, _adj._, invaluable, matchless, priceless; inimitable, exceedingly funny, capital, extraordinary; unheard of. =impayé=, =-e=, _adj._, unpaid. =impeccabilité= (in-pèk-ka-), _n.f._, impeccability. =impeccable=, _adj._, impeccable. =impénétrabilité=, _n.f._, impenetrability, imperviousness. =impénétrable=, _adj._, impenetrable, impervious; unfathomable, inscrutable. _Un homme —_; a very close man. =impénétrablement=, _adv._, impenetrably. =impénitence=, _n.f._, impenitence. _Mourir dans l’—_; to die impenitent. =impénitent=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, impenitent. =impenses=, _n.f.pl._, (jur.) expenses (for repairs, improvements). =impérati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, imperative. _Prendre un ton —_; to assume an imperative tone. =impératif=, _n.m._, (gram.) imperative. =impérativement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, imperatively. =impératoire=, _n.f._, (bot.) masterwort. =impératrice=, _n.f._, empress. =imperceptible=, _adj._, imperceptible. =imperceptiblement=, _adv._, imperceptibly. =imperdable=, _adj._, (of law-suits, of games) that cannot be lost. =imperfectibilité=, _n.f._, imperfectibility. =imperfectible=, _adj._, imperfectible. =imperfection=, _n.f._, imperfection. =imperforation=, _n.f._, (med.) imperforation. =imperforé=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) imperforated. =impérial=, =-e=, _adj._, imperial. =impériale=, _n.f._, roof, outside (of a coach); all-fours (cards); imperial serge; (bot.) imperial; melon pompion; imperial (under the lip). =impérialement= (-al-mān), _adv._, imperially. =impérialiste=, _n.m._, imperialist. =impériaux=, _n.m.pl._, imperialists. =impérieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, imperiously. =impérieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, imperious, haughty, supercilious, domineering; lordly. =impérissabilité=, _n.f._, imperishableness. =impérissable=, _adj._, imperishable. =impérissablement=, _adv._, imperishably. =impéritie= (-ci), _n.f._, incapacity; unskillfulness, ignorance. =imperméabilité=, _n.f._, impermeability. =imperméable=, _adj._, impermeable, impervious. _— à l’air_; air-tight. _— à l’eau_; waterproof. =impermutabilité=, _n.f._, (phys.) impermutability. =impermutable=, _adj._, that is not permutable. =impersonnalité=, _n.f._, (philos.) impersonality. =impersonnel=, =-le=, _adj._, impersonal. =impersonnel=, _n.m._, (gram.) impersonal verb. =impersonnellement= (-nèl-mān), _adv._, (gram.) impersonally. =impersuadé=, =-e=, _adj._, unpersuaded. =impersuasible=, _adj._, impersuasible. =impertinemment= (-na-mān), _adv._, impertinently, insolently; sillily, foolishly, nonsensically, pertly. =impertinence=, _n.f._, impertinence, insolence, sauciness; rudeness; silliness, offensive thing. =impertinent=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, impertinent person, saucy person, sauce-box; impertinent, saucy, insolent, pert. =imperturbabilité=, _n.f._, imperturbability. =imperturbable=, _adj._, imperturbable. =imperturbablement=, _adv._, imperturbably. =impétigo=, _n.m._, (med.) impetigo, ringworm. =impétrable=, _adj._, (jur.) impetrable, obtainable. =impétrant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (jur.) grantee; candidate (successful); graduate, recipient. =impétration=, _n.f._, (jur.) impetration. =impétrer=, _v.a._, (jur.) to impetrate, to obtain. =impétueusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, impetuously, vehemently, violently, forcibly. =impétueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, impetuous, vehement, violent, boisterous; headlong. =impétuosité=, _n.f._, impetuosity, impetuousness; force, vehemence, impetus, boisterousness. =impie=, _adj._, impious, ungodly, reprobate. =impie=, _n.m.f._, impious man, impious woman, ungodly person, reprobate, infidel. =impiété=, _n.f._, impiety, ungodliness. =impitoyable=, _adj._, pitiless, unpitying; merciless, unmerciful; ruthless, unrelenting, unsparing. =impitoyablement=, _adv._, pitilessly, mercilessly, unmercifully; ruthlessly, unrelentingly, unsparingly. =implacabilité=, _n.f._, implacability, implacableness. =implacable=, _adj._, implacable. =implacablement=, _adv._, implacably. =implantation=, _n.f._, implantation. =implanter=, _v.a._, to implant; to plant. _s’_=implanter=, _v.r._, to be planted, to be fixed, to be lodged, to take root. =implexe=, _adj._, implex, intricate. =implication=, _n.f._, implication, involving, entangling; contradiction. =implicite=, _adj._, implicit; tacit, implied. =implicitement= (-sit-mān), _adv._, implicitly, tacitly. =impliquer=, _v.a._, to implicate, to involve, to entangle; to imply, to infer. =impliquer=, _v.n._, to involve contradiction. =implorat-eur=, =-rice=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, implorer, imploring, supplicant. =imploration=, _n.f._, supplication, imploration. =implorer=, _v.a._, to implore, to call upon, to crave, to supplicate, to beg, to entreat, to beseech, to call for. =impoli=, =-e=, _adj._, impolite, unpolite, uncourteous, uncivil, rude, coarse. =impoliment=, _adv._, unpolitely, uncourteously, uncivilly, rudely. =impolitesse=, _n.f._, impoliteness, unpoliteness, incivility, rudeness; impolite thing, rudeness. _Faire une — à quelqu’un_; to behave rudely to any one. =impolitique=, _adj._, impolitic. =impolitiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, unwisely. =impondérabilité=, _n.f._, (phys.) imponderability. =impondérable=, _adj._, (phys.) imponderable, imponderous. =impopulaire=, _adj._, unpopular. =impopulairement= (-lèr-mān), _adv._, unpopularly. =impopularité=, _n.f._, unpopularity. =imporeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, imporous. =imporosité=, _n.f._, imporosity. =importable=, _adj._, (com.) importable. =importance=, _n.f._, importance, consequence, moment; consideration, weight, consequentialness. _D’—_; of consequence, of moment; consequentially; soundly, sharply, thoroughly. _Corriger quelqu’un d’—_; to punish any one soundly. _De la dernière —_; of the greatest _or_ of the highest importance. _Avoir de l’—_; to be of importance, of moment, of consequence. _Homme d’—_; man of consequence. _Se donner des airs d’—_; to give one’s self consequential airs. _Faire l’homme d’—_; to set up for a man of importance, to presume. =important=, =-e=, _adj._, important, of consequence, of moment; momentous, weighty. _Question —e_; weighty question. _Un homme —_; a man of note, of influence. _Peu —_; immaterial, of little consequence. =important=, _n.m._, essential, chief, point; consequential man. _Faire l’—_; to set up for a man of importance; to give one’s self an air of importance. =importateur=, _n.m._, (com.) importer. =importation=, _n.f._, importation; (com.) imports. =importer=, _v.imp._, to import, to be of moment, to be of consequence, to concern; to matter, to signify. _Il n’importe pas_; it is no matter, it matters not, it is of no consequence, it does not matter, it does not signify. _N’importe_; no matter, never mind. _Que m’importe?_ what matters it to me? _Que vous importe?_ of what consequence is it to you? _Qu’importe?_ what does it matter? _Peu importe_; it does not much matter. _Venez n’importe quand_; come when you like; no matter when. _N’importe comment_; any how, no matter how. =importer=, _v.a._, (com.) to import; (fig.) to import, to introduce. _— des expressions étrangères_; to introduce foreign expressions. =importun=, =-e=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, tiresome person, troublesome person, intruder, bore, hanger-on, dun; importunate, troublesome, tiresome; obtrusive, irksome, inconvenient. _Visite —e_; obtrusive visit. _Être —_; to intrude; to be troublesome. =importunément=, _adv._, (l.u.) importunely, obtrusively. =importuner=, _v.a._, to importune, to pester, to trouble, to annoy, to plague, to incommode; to tease. _— ses débiteurs_; to dun one’s debtors. =importunité=, _n.f._, importunity. =imposable=, _adj._, taxable. =imposant=, =-e=, _adj._, imposing, commanding; striking; stately. _Attitude —e_; commanding attitude. =imposer=, _v.a._, to force upon; to lay on (of hands); to set; to lay upon, to lay to any one’s charge; to impose, to enjoin, to prescribe; to give, to confer, to lay; to tax; to charge, to impute; to thrust upon, to force upon; (print.) to impose. _C’est au vainqueur d’— la loi aux vaincus_; it is for the conqueror to prescribe laws for the conquered. _— des peines_; to inflict punishment. _— silence_; to impose silence. _— des droits_; to levy duties. _— un pays_; to tax a country. _— un nom_; to give a name. _Je ne prétends pas vous — mon opinion_; I don’t pretend to force my opinion upon you. _s’_=imposer=, _v.r._, to obtrude, to be obtrusive, to obtrude one’s self; to impose a tax upon one’s self. _S’en —_; to deceive one’s self. =imposer=, _v.n._, to awe, to overawe, to keep in awe. _C’est un homme dont la présence impose_; he is a man whose presence overawes one. _Sa mine impose_; his looks command respect, veneration. _En —_; to deceive. _En — à quelqu’un_; to impose upon any one; to overawe, to deceive. =imposition=, _n.f._, imposition; tax; impost; assessment; (print.) imposition. _— des mains_; laying on of hands. _— d’un tribut_; imposition of a tribute. _— d’une peine_; infliction of a punishment. _Lever les —s_; to levy taxes. =impossibilité=, _n.f._, impossibility. _Être de toute —_; to be utterly impossible. _Se trouver dans l’— de faire quelque chose_; to find it impossible to do a thing. =impossible=, _n.m._, impossibilities; a great deal. _Je ne puis pas faire l’—_; I cannot do impossibilities. _À l’— nul n’est tenu_; there is no doing impossibilities; there is no flying without wings. _Gagner l’—_; to gain enormously, _or_ a great deal. _Chercher l’—_, _vouloir trouver l’—_; to attempt the impossible. _Viser l’—_; to aim at impossibilities. =impossible=, _adj._, impossible, fabulous, outrageous; out of the way; out of the question; out of all reason; unacceptable, most absurd. =imposte=, _n.f._, (arch.) impost, molding, fan-light. =imposteur=, _adj._, deceitful, false. _Des oracles —s_; false oracles. =imposteur=, _n.m._, impostor, cheat. =imposture=, _n.f._, imposture, deception, falsehood, fallacy, illusion. =impôt=, _n.m._, tax, duty; impost. _— sur les feux_; hearth-money. _— sur chaque tête_ or _— sur les personnes_; poll-tax. _Lever des —s_; to levy taxes. _Percevoir les —s_; to collect the taxes. _— personnel et mobilier_; house-tax. _L’assiette de l’—_; the assessment of the taxes. _— sur le revenu_; income-tax. =impotence=, _n.f._, (med.) impotence; weakness. =impotent=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) impotent, infirm. =impracticabilité=, _n.f._, impracticability. =impraticable=, _adj._, impracticable; untractable, unmanageable; uninhabitable, impassable; impossible, not to be done. _L’humidité rend cette chambre — pendant l’hiver_; the damp renders this room uninhabitable during the winter. _Des chemins —s_; impassable roads. =imprécation=, _n.f._, imprecation, curse. _Faire des —s_; to curse. _Charger d’—s_; to load with imprecations, with curses. =imprécatoire=, _adj._, imprecatory. *=imprégnation=, _n.f._, impregnation. *=imprégner=, _v.a._, to impregnate. _s’_=imprégner=, _v.r._, to become impregnated. =imprenable=, _adj._, impregnable. =impresoriptibilité=, _n.f._, imprescriptibility, indefeasibility. =imprescriptible=, _adj._, indefeasible. =impresses=, _adj.pl._ _V._ =intentionnelles=. =impressi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, impressive, striking. =impression=, _n.f._, impression; impress, mark, trace; issue, edition; print; printing; (paint.) priming. _Faute d’—_; misprint. _L’— d’un sceau_; the impression of a seal. _Frais d’—_; printing expenses. _Être susceptible d’—_; to be impressible. _Être à l’—_; to be in the printer’s hands; to be in the press. =impressionnable=, _adj._, impressionable, sensitive; impressive; excitable, nervous. =impressionner=, _v.a._, to impress, to make an impression on; to move, to affect. =imprévoyance=, _n.f._, want of foresight, improvidence. =imprévoyant=, =-e=, _adj._, wanting foresight, improvident. =imprévu=, =-e=, _adj._, unforeseen, unexpected, unthought of, unlooked for, unhoped for. =imprimable=, _adj._, fit to be printed. =imprimé=, _n.m._, printed book, printed paper, printed document; (post.) book-packet. _pl._, book-post. =imprimer=, _v.a._, to imprint, to impress, to stamp, to print, to implant, to instill; to give (motion); (paint.) to prime. _Se faire —_; to appear in print. _S’—_; to be printed; to be impressed, to be stamped. =imprimerie= (in-pri-mrî), _n.f._, printing; printing-office, printing establishment. =imprimeur=, _n.m._, printer; pressman. _— en taille-douce_; copper-plate printer. _— lithographe_; lithographic printer. =imprimure=, _n.f._, (paint.) priming. =improbabilité=, _n.f._, improbability, unlikelihood. =improbable=, _adj._, improbable, unlikely. =improbablement=, _adv._, improbably. =improbance=, _n.f._, (jur.) inconclusiveness. =improbant=, =-e=, _adj._, (jur.) inconclusive. =improbat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._ _V._ =désapprobateur=. =improbation=, _n.f._ _V._ =désapprobation=. =improbe=, _adj._, dishonest. =improbité=, _n.f._, improbity, dishonesty. =improductibilité=, _n.f._, unproductiveness. =improductible=, _adj._, unproducible. =improducti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, unproductive. =improductivement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, unproductively. =impromptu=, _n.m._, (_—_, or _—s_) impromptu. =impromptu=, =-e=, _adj._, impromptu, extemporary, extempore, unprepared. =impropice=, _adj._, unpropitious. =impropre=, _adj._, improper, wrong, unfit for. _Terme —_; wrong expression. =improprement=, _adv._, improperly. =impropriété=, _n.f._, impropriety (of language); (fig.) unfitness. =improuver=, _v.a._, to disapprove, to blame. =improvisat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, improvisator, extemporary speaker, extemporizer. =improvisation=, _n.f._, improvisation, extemporaneous speaking; (mus.) voluntary. =improviser=, _v.a._, to improvise, to produce extempore, to make extempore. =improviser=, _v.n._, to extemporize, to speak extempore. _à l’_=improviste=, _adv._, all of a sudden, suddenly, unawares, unexpectedly; aback. _Prendre à l’—_; to catch any one unawares _or_ napping. =imprudemment= (-da-mān), _adv._, imprudently, unadvisedly, indiscreetly, incautiously. =imprudence=, _n.f._, imprudence, unadvisedness; indiscretion, imprudent act, folly. _Faire une —_; to do an imprudent thing. _Commettre une —_; to be guilty of an indiscretion. =imprudent=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, imprudent, foolhardy person; imprudent, unadvised, unwise incautious. =impubère=, _adj._, impuberal. =impuberté=, _n.f._, impuberty. =impubliable=, _adj._, unpublishable. =impudemment= (-da-mān), _adv._, impudently, audaciously, shamelessly. =impudence=, _n.f._, impudence, audaciousness, shamelessness; impudent thing, impudent conduct, piece of impudence. =impudent=, =-e=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, impudent person, shameless person, brazen-face; impudent, saucy, shameless, brazen-faced. =impudeur=, _n.f._, immodesty, indecency, wantonness. =impudicité=, _n.f._, impudicity, immodesty, unchasteness, lewdness, lasciviousness, lewd act. =impudique=, _adj._, unchaste, lewd, immodest, impure. =impudiquement= (-dik-mān), _adv._, immodestly, unchastely, lewdly, lustfully, impurely. =impuissance=, _n.f._, impotence, impotency; inability, incapacity, powerlessness. =impuissant=, =-e=, _adj._, impotent; powerless, unable. =impulsi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, impulsive. =impulsion=, _n.f._, impulsion, impulse; impetus; suggestion. _Par —_; by impulse. _Donner l’— à_; to give an impetus to. =impunément=, _adv._, with impunity. =impuni=, =-e=, _adj._, unpunished. _Laisser un affront —_; to put up with an affront, _or_ to let an affront go unpunished. =impunité=, _n.f._, impunity. =impur=, =-e=, _adj._, impure, unchaste, immodest, unclean. =impurement= (in-pur-mān), _adv._, impurely, immodestly. =impureté= (in-pur-té), _n.f._, impurity, immodesty, obscenity. =imputabilité=, _n.f._, imputability. =imputable=, _adj._, imputable, attributable; to be deducted, chargeable. =imputati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, imputative. =imputation=, _n.f._, imputation; charge, deduction. =imputer=, _v.a._, to impute, to attribute, to ascribe to, to charge with; to deduct. _— à crime_; to impute, to charge as a crime. _On vous imputera cela à négligence_; it will be put down to your negligence. _— une somme payée sur le principal_; to deduct a payment on account from the principal. _s’_=imputer=, _v.r._, to be attributed, imputed, to be put down to; to attribute to one’s self. _La faute ne peut s’— qu’à votre imprudence_; the fault can only be put down to your imprudence. =imputrescible=, _adj._, imputrescible. =in= (prefix used in composition as a particle of negation, as in _infini_; it is also used as an augmentative prefix, as in _incorporer_), in, un. [Before _b_, _m_, _p_, _in_ is changed into _im_; and before _l_ and _r_, into _il_ and _ir_. When _in_ comes before a consonant, as in _insu_, it has the nasal sound; but when placed before a vowel, as in _inégal_, it is sounded like _in_ in English; and when coming before _n_, it has also the sound of the English _in_, as in _innocent_.] =inabordable=, _adj._, inaccessible, unapproachable. =inabordé=, =-e=, _adj._, unvisited, unapproached. =inabrité=, =-e=, _adj._, unsheltered, open. =inabrogé=, =-e=, _adj._, unrepealed. =in-absou-s=, =-te=, _adj._, unabsolved, unforgiven. =inabstinence=, _n.f._, intemperance. =inacceptable=, _adj._, unacceptable. =inaccessibilité=, _n.f._, inaccessibility. =inaccessible=, _adj._, inaccessible, unapproachable, unattainable. =inaccommodable=, _adj._, irreconcilable, that cannot be made up. =inaccomplissement=, _n.m._, unaccomplishment. =inaccord=, _n.m._, (gram.) want of concord. =inaccordable=, _adj._, unallowable; irreconcilable; inadmissible, ungrantable; untunable. =inaccostable=, _adj._, (l.u.) inaccessible. _C’est un homme —_; he is not to be approached. =inaccoutumé=, =-e=, _adj._, unaccustomed, uncustomary, unwonted, unusual. =inacheté=, =-e=, _adj._, (l.u.) unbought. =inachevé=, =-e= (i-nash-vé), _adj._, unfinished, uncompleted, incomplete. =inacquérable=, _adj._, unacquirable. =inacti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, inactive, inert, out of employment. =inaction=, _n.f._, inaction, indolence, inertness. =inactivement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, inactively. =inactivité=, _n.f._, inactivity. =inadéquat=, =-e=, (-koua, -t), _adj._, (philos.) inadequate, incomplete. =inadhérent=, =-e=, _adj._, not adherent. =inadmissibilité=, _n.f._, inadmissibility. =inadmissible=, _adj._, inadmissible. =inadmission=, _n.f._, non-admission. =inadouci=, =-e=, _adj._, unsoftened, unmitigated. =inadvertance=, _n.f._, inadvertence, inadvertency, oversight. _Par —_; from inadvertence, inadvertently, by an oversight. =inaliénabilité=, _n.f._, indefeasibility. =inaliénable=, _adj._, inalienable, indefeasible; untransferable. =inaliéné=, =-e=, _adj._, unalienated. =inalliable=, _adj._, that cannot be alloyed, that cannot be combined, incompatible. =inalpin=, =-e=, _adj._, situated in the Alps. _V._ =alpestre=. =inaltérabilité=, _n.f._, inalterability, unchangeableness. =inaltérable=, _adj._, inalterable, unalterable, unchangeable, invariable. =inamical=, =-e=, _adj._, unfriendly. =inamicalement= (-kal-mān), _adv._, in an unfriendly manner. =inamissibilité=, _n.f._, (theol.) inamissibility. =inamissible=, _adj._, (theol.) inamissible (that cannot be lost). =inamovibilité=, _n.f._, irremovability. =inamovible=, _adj._, irremovable, permanent. =inanimation=, _n.f._, want of animation. =inanimé=, =-e=, _adj._, inanimate, lifeless; spiritless. =inanité=, _n.f._, (fig.) inanity, emptiness. =inanition=, _n.f._, inanition. _Mourir d’—_; to die from inanition, from starvation. _Tomber d’—_; to faint for want of food. =inapaisable=, _adj._, unappeasable. =inapaisé=, =-e=, _adj._, unappeased. =inapercevable=, _adj._, imperceptible, unperceivable. =inaperçu=, =-e=, _adj._, unperceived, unobserved. =inapparent=, _adj._, unapparent. =inappauvri=, =-e=, _adj._, unimpoverished. =inappétence=, _n.f._, (med.) inappetence, inappetency, want of appetite. =inapplicabilité=, _n.f._, inapplicability. =inapplicable=, _adj._, inapplicable. =inapplication=, _n.f._, inapplication. =inappliqué=, =-e=, _adj._, inattentive, heedless, unmindful. =inappréciable=, _adj._, inappreciable; inestimable, invaluable. =inappréciablement=, _adv._, inappreciably. =inapprécié=, =-e=, _adj._, unappreciated. =inapprêté=, =-e=, _adj._, unprepared, undressed, uncooked. =inapprivoisable=, _adj._, untamable. =inapte=, _adj._, (l.u.) inapt, unfit, unqualified. =inaptitude=, _n.f._, inaptitude, inaptness, unfitness, disqualification. =inarticulé=, =-e=, _adj._, inarticulate. ☉=inartificiel=, =-le=, _adj._, artless, real, true. ☉=inartificiellement=, _adj._, artlessly, really, truly. =inassermenté=, _adj._, unsworn. =inasservi=, =-e=, _adj._, unenslaved; unsubdued. =inassiégeable=, _adj._, unbesiegeable. =inassignable=, _adj._, not assignable. =inassisté=, =-e=, _adj._, unassisted. =inassorti=, =-e=, _adj._, ill-assorted. =inassoupi=, =-e=, _adj._, sleepless. =inassouvi=, =-e=, _adj._, unsatiated. =inattaquable=, _adj._, unassailable, (fig.) unimpeachable, irreproachable, unobjectionable. =inattendu=, =-e=, _adj._, unexpected, unforeseen, unhoped for. =inattenti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, inattentive, unmindful. =inattention=, _n.f._, inattention. =inaugural=, =-e=, _adj._, inaugural, opening. =inaugurat-eur=, =-rice=, _n.m.f._, inaugurator. =inauguration=, _n.f._, inauguration, opening. =inaugurer=, _v.a._, to inaugurate, to open. =inavouable=, _adj._, unavowable. =inca=, _n.m._, Inca (of Peru). =incalculable=, _adj._, incalculable, innumerable, countless, numberless. =incalculablement=, _adv._, incalculably. =incamération=, _n.f._, incameration. =incamérer=, _v.a._, to unite (pope-lands). =incandescence=, _n.f._, incandescence, white heat, burning, ardor. =incandescent=, =-e=, _adj._, incandescent. =incantation=, _n.f._, incantation. =incapable=, _adj._, incapable; unable, unfit, incompetent, inefficient. _C’est un homme —_; he is a man of no capacity. _Rendre —_; to incapacitate. =incapacité=, _n.f._, incapacity, incapability, inability, unfitness, incompetence, disability, disablement, disqualification. _Frapper d’—_; to incapacitate. _Être frappé d’—_; to be under a disqualification. =incarcération=, _n.f._, incarceration. =incarcérer=, _v.a._, to incarcerate, to imprison. =incarnadin=, =-e=, _adj._, flesh-colored, rosy. =incarnadin=, _n.m._, carnation-color. =incarnat=, =-e=, _adj._, rosy, flesh-colored. =incarnat=, _n.m._, carnation; flesh-color. =incarnation=, _n.f._, incarnation; (of nails) ingrowing. =incarné=, =-e=, _adj._, incarnate. _s’_=incarner=, _v.r._, to become incarnate; (of nails) to grow in. =incartade=, _n.f._, thoughtless insult, outburst; prank, folly, freak; quarrel. =incassable=, _adj._, unbreakable. =incendiaire=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, incendiary. =incendie=, _n.m._, fire, burning, conflagration. _— par malveillance_ or _prémédité_; incendiary fire, arson. _Appareil de sauvetage pour les —s_; fire escape. _Arrêter un —_; to get a fire under. =incendié=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, sufferer by fire. _adj._, burnt, gutted. =incendier=, _v.a._, to burn, to burn down; to set fire to. _S’—_; to set one’s house on fire. =incertain=, =-e=, _adj._, uncertain, questionable; unsettled, unsteady, inconstant; faint, vague. =incertain=, _n.m._, what is uncertain, uncertainty; feeling of uncertainty. =incertainement=, _adv._, (l.u.) doubtfully. =incertifié=, =-e=, _adj._, uncertified. =incertitude=, _n.f._, uncertainty; unsteadiness, fickleness, doubt, suspense; instability; incertitude. _L’— du temps_; the unsettled state of the weather. =incessamment= (-sa-mān), _adv._, immediately, directly, shortly, at once; incessantly. =incessant=, =-e=, _adj._, incessant. =incessible=, _adj._, inalienable. =inceste=, _n.m._, incest, incestuous person. =inceste=, _adj._, incestuous. =incestueusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, incestuously. =incestueu-x=, =-se=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, incestuous person; incestuous. =inchantable=, _adj._, unsingable. =incharitable=, _adj._, (l.u.) uncharitable. =inchasteté=, _n.f._, unchastity. =inchoati-f=, =-ve= (-ko-), _adj._ and _n.m._, (gram.) inchoative, inceptive; inchoative verb. =incidemment= (-da-mān), _adv._, incidentally. =incidence=, _n.f._, incidence, incidency. =incident=, _n.m._, incident, occurrence; (b.s., jur.) difficulty, cavil. =incident=, =-e=, _adj._, incidental, incident. =incidentaire=, _n.m._, (l.u.) caviler. =incidenter=, _v.n._, (jur.) to raise difficulties; (b.s.) to start objections. =incinération=, _n.f._, incineration. =incinérer=, _v.a._, to incinerate. =incirconcis=, =-e=, _adj._, uncircumcised. =incirconcis=, _n.m._, (Bibl.) uncircumcised man. _Les —_; the Gentiles. =incirconcision=, _n.f._, (fig. only) uncircumcision. =incise=, _n.f._, (gram.) incidental, parenthetic clause. =incisé=, =-e=, _adj._, incised, cut, gashed, notched. =inciser=, _v.a._, to incise, to make an incision, to notch, to gash; (hort.) to tap (a tree). =incisi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, incisive; (fig.) sharp, cutting. _Dents —ves_; incisors. =incisivement=, _adv._, cuttingly, sharply. =incision=, _n.f._, incision. =incisive=, _n.f._, incisive tooth; incisor. =incitant=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) inciting, stimulating. =incitant=, _n.m._, (med.) incitant, stimulant. =incitat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, inciter. _adj._, inciting. =incitati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, inciting. =incitation=, _n.f._, incitement, incentive, instigation; (med.) stimulus. =inciter=, _v.a._, to incite; to excite; to instigate, to induce. =incivil=, =-e=, _adj._, uncivil, unmannerly. =incivilement= (-vil-mān), _adv._, uncivilly, unmannerly. =incivilité=, _n.f._, incivility. =incivique=, _adj._, unpatriotic. =incivisme=, _n.m._, want of patriotism. =inclémence=, _n.f._, inclemency. =inclément=, =-e=, _adj._, inclement. =inclinaison=, _n.f._, inclination, incline, gradient, slope. =inclinant=, =-e=, _adj._, inclined, sloping. =inclination=, _n.f._, inclination, bow, stooping; nodding, bias; proneness, propensity; attachment, passion. _Par —_; from inclination. _Mariage d’—_; love-match. =incliner=, _v.a._, to incline, to slope; to stoop; to bow; to bend; (fig.) to dispose, to turn. _s’_=incliner=, _v.r._, to incline; to bow, to bend, to bow down; (geol.) to dip, to tilt, to lower, to depress. =incliner=, _v.n._, to incline, to lean, to be disposed to, to be inclined to. =inclure=, _v.a._, to include, to inclose, to insert, to contain. =inclus=, =-e=, _adj._, inclosed, included. _Ci-—_; herein inclosed, sent herewith. _Mettre ci-—_; to inclose. _Trouver ci-—_; to find inclosed. =incluse=, _n.f._, an inclosed letter; inclosed. =inclusi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, inclusive; inclosing. =inclusivement= (-ziv-mān), _adv._, inclusively. =incoercible=, _adj._, incoercible. *=incognito=, _adv._, incognito, incognita. =incognito=, _n.m._, incognito. _Garder l’—_; to preserve one’s incognito. =incohérence=, _n.f._, incoherence. =incohérent=, =-e=, _adj._, incoherent. =incolore=, _adj._, colorless. =incombant=, =-e=, _adj._, incumbent. =incomber=, _v.n._, to be incumbent on any one; to be a duty, to devolve upon. =incombustibilité=, _n.f._, incombustibility. =incombustible=, _adj._, incombustible. =incommensurabilité=, _n.f._, incommensurability. =incommensurable=, _adj._, incommensurable. =incommode=, _adj._, inconvenient, unhandy, incommodious; importunate, annoying, disagreeable, troublesome, tiresome. =incommodé=, =-e=, _part._, indisposed, unwell, poorly; distressed (of ships). _Être —_; to be indisposed. _Un vaisseau —_; a ship in distress. =incommodément=, _adv._, incommodiously, inconveniently; uncomfortably. =incommoder=, _v.a._, to incommode, to inconvenience, to trouble; to disturb, to annoy; to embarrass, to impair; to disagree with. _Si cela ne vous incommode pas_; if it be no trouble to you. _J’ai peur de vous —_; I am afraid of troubling you. _s’_=incommoder=, _v.r._, to inconvenience one’s self. =incommodité=, _n.f._, inconvenience, incommodiousness, trouble, annoyance; discomfort, indisposition, infirmity; distress (of a ship). _Signal d’—_; (nav.) signal of distress. =incommuable=, _adj._, incommutable. =incommunicable=, _adj._, incommunicable. =incommutabilité=, _n.f._, incommutability. =incommutable=, _adj._, (jur.) incommutable. =incommutablement=, _adv._, (jur.) incommutably. =incomparable=, _adj._, incomparable, matchless, unequaled, peerless. =incomparablement=, _adv._, incomparably. =incompatibilité=, _n.f._, incompatibility, inconsistency. =incompatible=, _adj._, incompatible, inconsistent, incongruous, unsuitable. =incompatiblement=, _adv._, incompatibly, inconsistently. =incompétemment= (-ta-mān), _adv._, incompetently. =incompétence=, _n.f._, incompetence, incompetency. =incompétent=, =-e=, _adj._, incompetent. =incomplaisance=, _n.f._, want of kindness; unkindness. =incompl-et=, =-ète=, _adj._, incomplete, imperfect. =incomplètement= (-plèt-mān), _adv._, incompletely, imperfectly. =incomplexe=, _adj._, incomplex. =incompréhensibilité=, _n.f._, incomprehensibility. =incompréhensible=, _adj._, incomprehensible, unintelligible, inscrutable. =incompréhensiblement=, _adv._, incomprehensibly. =incompressibilité=, _n.f._, incompressibility. =incompressible=, _adj._, incompressible. =incompris=, =-e=, _adj._, not understood; unappreciated. =inconcevable=, _adj._, inconceivable; strange, wonderful, singular, odd; extraordinary. =inconcevablement=, _adv._, inconceivably. =inconciliable=, _adj._, irreconcilable. =inconciliablement=, _adv._, irreconcilably. =inconclu=, =-e=, _adj._, unconcluded. =inconcluant=, =-e=, _adj._, inconclusive. =inconduite=, _n.f._, misconduct. =incongelable=, _adj._, uncongealable. =incongru=, =-e=, _adj._, incongruous; unfit, unseemly, indecorous. =incongruité=, _n.f._, incongruity; impropriety, unseemliness; indecency. =incongrûment=, _adv._, incongruously, improperly, in an unseemly manner, indecorously. =inconnu=, =-e=, _adj._, unknown. =inconnu=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, unknown person; stranger. =inconnu=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) the unknown, that which is unknown. =inconnue=, _n.f._, (math.) unknown quantity. =inconquis=, =-e=, _adj._, unconquered. =inconscience=, _n.f._, unconsciousness. =inconscient=, _adj._, unconscious. =inconséquemment=, _adv._, inconsistently. =inconséquence=, _n.f._, inconsistency. =inconséquent=, =-e=, _adj._ and _n.m.f._, inconsistent; inconsistent person. =inconsidération=, _n.f._, inconsiderateness. =inconsidéré=, =-e=, _adj._, inconsiderate, thoughtless, incautious. =inconsidérément=, _adv._, inconsiderately, thoughtlessly, incautiously. =inconsistance=, _n.f._, inconsistency. =inconsistant=, _adj._, inconsistent. =inconsolable=, _adj._, inconsolable, disconsolate. =inconsolablement=, _adv._, inconsolably; disconsolately. =inconsolé=, _adj._, unconsoled, uncomforted. =inconsommé=, =-e=, _adj._, not consummated; unconsumed. =inconstamment=, _adv._, inconstantly, unsteadily. =inconstance=, _n.f._, inconstancy, fickleness, unsteadiness; changeableness, instability. _L’— d’un amant_; the fickleness of a lover. _L’— du temps_; the changeableness of the weather. =inconstant=, =-e=, _adj._, inconstant, fickle, wavering, changeable; variable, unsettled, unsteady. =inconstant=, =-e=, _n.m.f._ _L’—_, _l’—e_; the fickle man, the fickle woman. =inconstitutionnalité=, _n.f._, unconstitutionality. =inconstitutionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, unconstitutional. =inconstitutionnellement= (-nèl-mān), _adv._, unconstitutionally. =incontestable=, _adj._, incontestable, indisputable, unquestionable. =incontestablement=, _adj._, incontestably, indisputably, unquestionably. =incontesté=, =-e=, _adj._, uncontested, uncontradicted; unquestioned, undisputed. =incontinence=, _n.f._, incontinency. =incontinent=, =-e=, _adj._, incontinent, unchaste. =incontinent=, _adv._, (l.u.) at once, directly, immediately; forthwith. =incontinu=, =-e=, _adj._, uncontinuous. =incontinuité=, _n.f._, incontinuity. =incontrôlable=, _adj._, uncontrollable. =incontroversable=, _adj._, incontrovertible. =inconvenable=, _adj._, unbecoming, unsuitable; unseemly. =inconvenablement=, _adv._, unbecomingly. =inconvenance=, _n.f._, impropriety, indecorousness, indecorum; unseemliness. _Quelle —!_ how very improper! =inconvenant=, =-e=, _adj._, improper, unbecoming, unseemly. =inconvénient=, _n.m._, inconvenience, disadvantage; untoward incident; ill consequence, harm, trouble, objection. _Je ne vois pas d’— à cela_; I see no objection to that. =inconverti=, =-e=, _adj._, unconverted. =inconvertible=, _adj._, unconvertible. =incorporalité=, _n.f._, incorporeality. =incorporation=, _n.f._, incorporation. =incorporéité=, _n.f._, incorporeity. =incorporel=, =-le=, _adj._, incorporeal. =incorporer=, _v.a._, to incorporate; to embody; to fuse. _— un régiment dans un autre_; to embody one regiment into another. _s’_=incorporer=, _v.r._, to incorporate, to be embodied; to unite with; to be blended. =incorrect=, =-e=, _adj._, incorrect, wrong, erroneous. =incorrectement=, _adv._, incorrectly, inaccurately, wrongly. =incorrection=, _n.f._, incorrectness, inaccuracy. =incorrigibilité=, _n.f._, incorrigibility. =incorrigible=, _adj._, incorrigible, irreclaimable. =incorrigiblement=, _adv._, incorrigibly. =incorrompu=, =-e=, _adj._, (l.u.) incorrupt, pure. =incorruptibilité=, _n.f._, incorruptibility. =incorruptible=, _adj._, incorruptible. =incorruption=, _n.f._, incorruption. =incrassant=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) incrassating, nutritive. =incrassant=, _n.m._, (med.) nutritive. =incrédibilité=, _n.f._, incredibility. =incrédule=, _adj._, incredulous, unbelieving. =incrédule=, _n.m.f._, unbeliever; infidel. =incrédulité=, _n.f._, incredulity; unbelief. =incréé=, =-e=, _adj._, increate, increated. =incriminable=, _adj._, incriminable, impeachable. =incrimination=, _n.f._, (jur.) incrimination; charge, accusation. =incriminer=, _v.a._, to incriminate, to accuse, to charge, to impeach. =incroyable=, _adj._, incredible, past belief. =incroyable=, _n.m._, French dandy (1795-1799). =incroyablement=, _adv._, incredibly. =incroyance=, _n.f._, unbelief. =incroyant=, _n.m._, unbeliever. =incrustation=, _n.f._, incrustation. =incruster=, _v.a._, to incrust, to inlay. _s’_=incruster=, _v.r._, to become incrusted. =incubation=, _n.f._, incubation. =incube=, _n.m._, incubus. =incuit=, _n.m._, underdone part of roast meat. =incuit=, =-e=, _adj._, underdone (of roast meat). =inculpable=, _adj._, (jur.) chargeable. =inculpation=, _n.f._, inculpation. =inculpé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (jur.) prisoner, accused. =inculper=, _v.a._, to accuse, to inculpate. =inculquer=, _v.a._, to inculcate, to impress. _s’_=inculquer=, _v.r._, to be inculcated _or_ impressed. =inculte=, _adj._, uncultivated; untilled, unplowed, waste; unpolished, rude. _Terres —s_; waste lands. =incultivable=, _adj._, uncultivable. =incultivé=, =-e=, _adj._, uncultivated. =inculture=, _n.f._, (l.u.) inculture, want of culture. =incunable=, _n.m._ and _adj._, old, early; early printed book. =incurabilité=, _n.f._, incurability. =incurable=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, incurable. _Les —s_; hospital for incurables. =incurablement=, _adv._, incurably. =incurie=, _n.f._, carelessness, thoughtlessness; heedlessness; negligence. =incurieusement=, _adv._, incuriously. =incurieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, incurious. =incuriosité=, _n.f._, incuriosity. =incursion=, _n.f._, incursion, inroad, irruption; (fig.) excursion. =incuse=, _adj._ and _n.f._, badly _or_ imperfectly struck medal. =inde=, _n.m._, (dy.) indigo, indigo-blue. *=indébrouillable=, _adj._, inextricable, inexplicable, that cannot be unraveled. =indécemment=, _adv._, indecently. =indécence=, _n.f._, indecency; obscenity. =indécent=, =-e=, _adj._, indecent; obscene. =indéchiffrable=, _adj._, undecipherable, illegible, inexplicable; (fig.) obscure, intricate. =indéchirable=, _adj._, untearable. =indéchiré=, =-e=, _adj._, untorn. =indécis=, =-e=, _adj._, undecided, doubtful; indeterminate, undefined, faint, vague; wavering. _Il était —_; he was wavering. =indécision=, _n.f._, indecision, irresolution; wavering; indistinctness. =indéclinabilité=, _n.f._, indeclinableness. =indéclinable=, _adj._, (gram.) indeclinable. =indécomposable=, _adj._, indecomposable. =indécousable=, _adj._, unsewable. =indécrit=, =-e=, _adj._, nondescript. =indécrottable=, _adj._, (pop.) uncleanable, unpolishable, rude, incorrigible, unteachable; intractable. =indéfectibilité=, _n.f._, indefectibility. =indéfectible=, _adj._, indefectible. =indéfendable=, _adj._, indefensible, untenable. =indéfini=, =-e=, _adj._, indefinite, unlimited. =indéfiniment=, _adv._, indefinitely. =indéfinissable=, _adj._, indefinable, undefinable, unaccountable; nondescript. =indéformable=, _adj._, that cannot be put out of shape. =indéfrichable=, _adj._, (of land) unclearable. =indéfriché=, =-e=, _adj._, uncleared, uncultivated. =indélébile=, _adj._, indelible, ineffaceable. =indélébilité=, _n.f._, indelibility. =indélibéré=, =-e=, _adj._, indeliberate. =indélicat=, =-e=, _adj._, indelicate; unhandsome; unbecoming; unscrupulous. =indélicatement= (-ka-tmān), _adv._, indelicately, unhandsomely, unbecomingly. =indélicatesse=, _n.f._, indelicacy; unhandsomeness. =indemne= (in-dèm-n), _adj._, (jur.) indemnified. _Rendre —_; to indemnify. =indemnisation=, _n.f._, indemnification. =indemniser= (in-dèm-ni-zé), _v.a._, to indemnify; to recoup; to make good. _s’_=indemniser=, _v.r._, to indemnify one’s self; to recoup one’s self. =indemnité=, _n.f._, indemnity. =indémontrable=, _adj._, undemonstrable. =indémontré=, =-e=, _adj._, undemonstrated. =indéniable=, _adj._, undeniable; unquestionable; obvious, self-evident. =indépendamment= (-da-mān), _adv._, independently. =indépendance=, _n.f._, independence. =indépendant=, =-e=, _adj._, independent. =indépendant=, _n.m._, Independent. =indéracinable=, _adj._, ineradicable. =indescriptible=, _adj._, indescribable. =indescriptiblement=, _adv._, indescribably. =indésirable=, _adj._, undesirable. =indestituable=, _adj._, irremovable. =indestructibilité=, _n.f._, indestructibility. =indestructible=, _adj._, indestructible. =indéterminable=, _adj._, indeterminable. =indétermination=, _n.f._, indetermination, irresolution. =indéterminé=, =-e=, _adj._, indeterminate, unlimited. =indéterminément=, _adv._, indeterminately. =indevinable=, _adj._, unguessable. =indévot=, =-e=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, irreligious. =indévotement=, _adv._, irreverently. =indévotion=, _n.f._, irreligion. =index= (in-dèks), _n.m._, index, table of contents; forefinger. _— expurgatoire_; expurgatory index. _Mettre à l’—_; to prohibit. _Être à l’—_; to be forbidden. =indicateur=, _adj._, indicating, indicatory. =indicateur=, _n.m._, indicator, gauge, guide; (anat.) index; railway guide, time-table. _Doigt —_; forefinger. =indicatif=, _n.m._, (gram.) indicative mood. =indicati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, indicative. =indication=, _n.f._, indication, information; sign, mark, proof, declaration. =indice=, _n.m._, indication, indicator, sign, mark, token, symptom; clew. =indicible=, _adj._, inexpressible, unspeakable, ineffable, unutterable. =indiciblement=, _adv._, unspeakably, ineffably, unutterably; inexpressibly. =indiction=, _n.f._, indiction, convocation, prescription. =indicule=, _n.m._, (l.u.) slight indication. =indien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _n.m.f._ and _adj._, Indian. =indienne=, _n.f._, printed calico, printed cotton, print. =indienneur=, _n.m._, calico-printer. =indifféremment= (-ra-mān), _adv._, indifferently, indiscriminately; equally, alike. =indifférence=, _n.f._, indifference, unconcern. =indifférent=, =-e=, _adj._, indifferent; unconcerned; immaterial; (pers.) cold, unmindful, indolent, insensible. _Il lui est — de sortir ou de rester_; it is the same to him whether he goes out or not. _Cela m’est parfaitement —_; I don’t mind which it is, _or_ it is quite immaterial to me. =indifférent=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, indifferent person (one who is neither a friend nor an enemy). _Faire l’—_; to feign indifference. =indigénat=, _n.m._, denizenship; naturalization (in Poland). =indigence=, _n.f._, indigence, poverty, need. =indigène=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, indigenous; native (of a continent). =indigent=, =-e=, _adj._ and _n._, indigent, needy, necessitous; poor person. =indigéré=, =-e=, _adj._, undigested, crude. =indigeste=, _adj._, indigestible, undigested; crude. =indigestion=, _n.f._, indigestion. *=indignation=, _n.f._, indignation. _Avec —_; indignantly. _Faire éclater son —_; to give vent to one’s indignation. *=indigne=, _adj._, unworthy, undeserving; infamous, worthless, scandalous. _— de succéder_; (jur.) debarred from inheriting. *=indigne=, _n.m._, worthless, infamous wretch; (jur.) one debarred by law from inheriting. *=indigné=, =-e=, _part._, indignant, shocked. *=indignement=, _adv._, unworthily, infamously, scandalously. *=indigner=, _v.a._, to render indignant; to raise the indignation of; to shock. *_s’_=indigner=, _v.r._, to be indignant, shocked. *=indignité=, _n.f._, indignity; unworthiness, worthlessness; vileness, baseness; infamy, scandalous thing. _Quelle —!_ what a shame! what a scandalous thing! =indigo=, _n.m._, indigo. =indigoterie=, _n.f._, indigo manufactory. =indigotier= (-tié), _n.m._, indigo-plant. =indiquer=, _v.a._, to indicate, to show, to point out; to direct to, to inform of, to acquaint with, to appoint, to mention, to name, to recommend, to state, to sketch out. _Voulez-vous m’— le chemin de l’église?_ will you show me the way to the church? _Au lieu indiqué_; at the appointed place. _S’—_; to be indicated. =indirect=, =-e=, _adj._, indirect; (of evidence) circumstantial; (of heirs) collateral. =indirectement=, _adv._, indirectly. =indisciplinable=, _adj._, indisciplinable; indocile, unruly, ungovernable. =indiscipline=, _n.f._, indiscipline, insubordination. =indiscipliné=, =-e=, _adj._, undisciplined. =indiscr-et=, =-ète=, _adj._, indiscreet, inconsiderate, unwary; inquisitive; injudicious; tell-tale, unable to keep a secret. _n.m.f._, babbler, blabberer. =indiscrètement= (-krèt-mān), _adv._, indiscreetly, inconsiderately; unadvisedly, injudiciously, unguardedly. =indiscrétion=, _n.f._, indiscretion, inconsiderateness, imprudence, unwariness; piece of indiscretion, indiscreet thing. _Serait-ce une — de ma part de demander...?_ would it be indiscreet of me to ask...? =indiscutable=, _adj._, incontestable, unquestionable, indisputable. =indispensabilité=, _n.f._, indispensableness. =indispensable=, _adj._, indispensable. _n.m._ _L’—_; the strict necessities, the indispensable _or_ strictly necessary; the needful. =indispensablement=, _adv._, indispensably. =indisponibilité=, _n.f._, unavailableness. =indisponible=, _adj._, indisposable; unavailable. =indisposé=, =-e=, _adj._, indisposed, unwell. =indisposer=, _v.a._, to indispose; to render, to make unwell; to disaffect, to disincline, to estrange, to set against. _Je craignais que son intervention ne vous indisposât contre moi_; I was afraid his interference would set you against me. _s’_=indisposer=, _v.r._, to be indisposed; to be unwell. =indisposition=, _n.f._, indisposition; disinclination. =indisputable=, _adj._, indisputable. =indissolubilité=, _n.f._, indissolubility. =indissoluble=, _adj._, indissoluble. =indissolublement=, _adv._, indissolubly. =indistinct=, =-e=, _adj._, indistinct, confused, vague, faint, dim. =indistinctement=, _adv._, indistinctly, indiscriminately; vaguely, dimly, confusedly. =indistinction=, _n.f._, indistinction, indistinctness. =individu=, _n.m._, individual, self. _Avoir soin de son —_; to take care of one’s self, of number one. =individualization=, _n.f._, individualization. =individualizer=, _v.a._, to individualize. =individualisme=, _n.m._, individualism. =individualité=, _n.f._, individuality, entity. =individuel=, =-le=, _adj._, individual. =individuellement= (-duèl-mān), _adv._, individually. =indivis=, =-e=, _adj._, (jur.) undivided. =indivis=, _n.m._, (jur.) joint-tenancy. _Par —_; in joint-tenancy. =indivisé=, =-e=, _adj._, undivided. =indivisément=, _adv._, indivisibly. =indivisibilité=, _n.f._, indivisibility. =indivisible=, _adj._, indivisible. =indivisiblement=, _adv._, indivisibly. =indivision=, _n.f._, joint-possession, copartnership; joint-tenancy. =in-dix-huit=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (_—_) (print.) decimo-octavo, in eighteen, 18mo. =indocile=, _adj._, indocile, unmanageable. =indocilité=, _n.f._, indocility, untractableness. =indocte=, _adj._, illiterate, ignorant, unlettered. =indo-germanique=, _adj._, Indo-Germanic. =indolemment= (-la-mān), _adv._, indolently. =indolence=, _n.f._, indolence, sloth. _Son — le perdra_; his indolence will be the death of him. =indolent=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, indolent person; indolent, sluggish, slothful. =indomptable=, _adj._, indomptable; untamable, ungovernable. =indomptablement=, _adv._, indomitably, untamably, ungovernably. =indompté=, =-e=, _adj._, untamed, wild; uncontrollable; unconquered, unsubdued. =indou=, _n.m._ and _adj._, Hindoo. =in-douze=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (_—_) (print.) duodecimo, in twelve, 12mo. =indu=, =-e=, _adj._, undue, unseasonable, late. _Heure —e_; unseasonable _or_ late hour. =indubitable=, _adj._, indubitable, certain, beyond doubt. =indubitablement=, _adv._, indubitably, undoubtedly, unquestionably. =inducti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, inductive. =inductile=, _adj._, inductile. =induction=, _n.f._, (philos.) induction, inference. =induire=, (induisant, induit), _v.a._, to induce, to lead, to infer. _— en erreur_; to lead into error. _S’—_; to be inferred. =indulgence=, _n.f._, lenity, leniency, indulgence. _User d’—_ (_envers_); to show indulgence to. _Avoir de l’—_ (_pour_); to be indulgent to; to make allowance for. =indulgent=, =-e=, _adj._, lenient, indulgent, considerate. =indult= (in-dult), _n.m._, indult. =indultaire=, _n.m._, (canon law) incumbent _or_ nominee (by virtue of an indult). =indûment=, _adv._, unduly. =induration=, _n.f._, (med.) induration. =induré=, _adj._, (med.) indurated. _s’_=indurer=, _v.r._, to indurate. =industrialisme=, _n.m._, industrialism. =industrialiste=, _n.m._, industrialist. =industrie=, _n.f._, skill, ingenuity; business, trade; manufactures, arts and manufactures; industry, work. _Vivre d’—_; to live by one’s wits. _Chevalier d’—_; swindler, sharper. =industriel=, _n.m._, manufacturer, commercial man; tradesman; trader. =industriel=, =-le=, _adj._, industrial, manufacturing. _Les produits —s_; the products of arts and manufactures. _Les arts —s_; the mechanical arts. _Richesses —les_; commercial wealth. =industrieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, industrially, ingeniously, skillfully. =industrieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, ingenious, skillful, industrious. =indut=, _n.m.pl._, assistant priest. =inébranlable=, _adj._, immovable; resolute; unmoved, unshaken, steady, firm. =inébranlablement=, _adv._, immovably, steadily, resolutely, firmly. =inébriati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, inebriating, inebriant. =inédit=, =-e=, _adj._, inedited, unpublished, new. =ineffabilité=, _n.f._, ineffability, unspeakableness. =ineffable=, _adj._, ineffable, inexpressible, unutterable. =ineffablement=, _adv._, ineffably, unutterably. =ineffaçable=, _adj._, indelible, ineffaceable. =ineffaçablement=, _adv._, indelibly, ineffaceably. =inefficace=, _adj._, inefficacious, ineffective, ineffectual, unavailing. =inefficacement=, _adv._, inefficaciously, inefficiently. =inefficacité=, _n.f._, inefficacy, inefficiency. =inégal=, =-e=, _adj._, unequal, uneven, rough; (fig.) disproportioned, ill-matched. =inégalement=, _adv._, unequally, unevenly. =inégalité=, _n.f._, inequality; unevenness, ruggedness, irregularity. =inélégamment=, _adv._, inelegantly. =inélégance=, _n.f._, inelegance. =inélégant=, =-e=, _adj._, inelegant, unpolished. =inéligibilité=, _n.f._, ineligibility. =inéligible=, _adj._, ineligible. =inéluctable=, _adj._, fatal, inevitable, unavoidable; indisputable, unquestionable, overwhelming. =inéludable=, _adj._, which cannot be set aside _or_ evaded. =inénarrable=, _adj._, unspeakable, unutterable, indescribable. =inepte=, _adj._, inept, unfit, foolish, silly. =ineptement=, _adv._, ineptly, foolishly, sillily. =ineptie= (-ci), _n.f._, ineptness, ineptitude, foolishness, absurdity. =inépuisable=, _adj._, inexhaustible. =inépuisablement=, _adv._, inexhaustibly. =inerme=, _adj._, (bot.) inermous, thornless. =inerte=, _adj._, inert, sluggish, inactive, dull. =inertie= (-ci), _n.f._, inertia; inertness; indolence, inactivity. _Force d’—_; vis inertiæ, passive resistance. =inespérable=, _adj._, that cannot be hoped for. =inespéré=, =-e=, _adj._, unhoped for, unlooked for, unexpected. =inespérément=, _adv._, (l.u.) unexpectedly. =inestimable=, _adj._, inestimable. =inestimé=, =-e=, _adj._, unesteemed. =inévitable=, _adj._, inevitable, unavoidable. =inévitablement=, _adv._, inevitably, unavoidably. =inexact=, =-e=, _adj._, inexact, inaccurate. =inexactement=, _adv._, inaccurately, incorrectly. =inexactitude=, _n.f._, inexactness, inaccuracy, incorrectness; unpunctuality. =inexcusable=, _adj._, inexcusable, unjustifiable, unwarrantable. =inexcusablement=, _adv._, inexcusably, unjustifiably. =inexécutable=, _adj._, impracticable. =inexécuté=, =-e=, _adj._, unexecuted. =inexécution=, _n.f._, inexecution. =inexercé=, =-e=, _adj._, unexercised, unpractised. =inexigible=, _adj._, not demandable. =inexorable=, _adj._, inexorable, inflexible, unrelenting. =inexorablement=, _adv._, inexorably. =inexpérience=, _n.f._, inexperience. =inexpérimenté=, =-e=, _adj._, inexperienced, unpracticed; untried. =inexpiable=, _adj._, inexpiable, unatonable. =inexpié=, _adj._, unatoned (for). =inexplicable=, _adj._, inexplicable, unaccountable, singular. =inexplicablement=, _adv._, inexplicably, unaccountably. =inexpliqué=, _adj._, unexplained. =inexploitable=, _adj._, unworkable; uncultivable. =inexploité=, _adj._, (of land) untilled, uncultivated; (mines, &c.) unworked. =inexploré=, _adj._, unexplored. =inexplosible=, _adj._, unexplosive. =inexpressible=, _adj._, unexpressible. =inexpressi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, inexpressive, lacking expression. =inexprimable=, _adj._, inexpressible, unutterable, unspeakable. =inexpugnable=, _adj._, inexpugnable, impregnable. =inextensible=, _adj._, inextensible; inextendible. =in extenso= (i-nèks-tin-sô), _adv._, in extenso, fully, at full length. =inextinguible= (-gu-i-), _adj._, inextinguishable, unquenchable. _Soif —_; quenchless thirst. =in extremis=, _adv._ _V._ =extremis= (in). =inextricable=, _adj._, inextricable. =inextricablement=, _adv._, inextricably. *=infaillibilité=, _n.f._, infallibility. *=infaillible=, _adj._, infallible. *=infailliblement=, _adv._, infallibly; without fail; unerringly. =infaisable=, _adj._, impracticable; infeasible; not to be done; impossible. =infalsifiable=, _adj._, unfalsifiable. =infamant=, =-e=, _adj._, infamous, ignominious, degrading. _Peine —e_; degrading punishment. =infâme=, _adj._, infamous, base; squalid, sordid, filthy, nasty. _D’une manière —_; infamously. =infâme=, _n.m.f._, infamous person; wretch, villain. =infamie=, _n.f._, infamy, ignominy; baseness, infamous action. =infant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, Infante; Infanta (Spanish title). =infanterie= (in-fan-trî), _n.f._, infantry, foot. =infanticide=, _n.m.f._, infanticide, child-murderer. =infanticide=, _n.m._, infanticide; child-murder. =infatigabilité=, _n.f._, indefatigableness. =infatigable=, _adj._, indefatigable, untiring, unwearied. =infatigablement=, _adv._, indefatigably, untiringly. =infatuation=, _n.f._, infatuation. =infatuer=, _v.a._, to infatuate, to bewitch. _s’_=infatuer=, _v.r._, to be infatuated, bewitched. =infécond=, =-e=, _adj._, infertile, unfruitful, barren, sterile. =infécondité=, _n.f._, infertility, unfruitfulness, barrenness, sterility. =infect= (in-fèkt), =-e=, _adj._, infectious; foul, noisome. =infectant=, =-e=, _adj._, infecting; tainting; offensive. =infecter=, _v.a._, to infect, to taint, to corrupt, to pollute. _v.n._, to stink. =infection=, _n.f._, stench; infection; infectious disease. _Foyer d’—_; hotbed of disease; center of infection. =infélicité=, _n.f._, infelicity, unhappiness. =inféodation=, _n.f._, infeudation, infeoffment. =inféoder=, _v.a._, to infeoff; to entail. _s’_=inféoder=, _v.r._, to be infeoffed _or_ entailed. =infère=, _adj._, (bot.) inferior, lower. =inférer=, _v.a._, to infer, to conclude, to deduce. =inférieur=, =-e=, _adj._, inferior, subordinate, lower, nether; under, petty, below. =inférieur=, _n.m._, inferior, subordinate, subaltern. =inférieurement= (-eur-mān), _adv._, in an inferior manner _or_ degree. =infériorité=, _n.f._, inferiority. =infermable=, _adj._, unclosable. =infermenté=, =-e=, _adj._, unfermented. =infernal=, =-e=, _adj._, infernal, hellish. _Pierre —e_; lunar caustic. =infernalement=, _adv._, infernally. =infertile=, _adj._, infertile, unfruitful; sterile, barren. =infertilisable=, _adj._, infertilizable. =infertilité=, _n.f._, infertility, unfruitfulness, barrenness. =infester=, _v.a._, to infest, to harass, to annoy; to overrun; to haunt. =infidèle=, _adj._, unfaithful, faithless; untrue, unbelieving; false, disloyal. =infidèle=, _n.m.f._, unfaithful person; infidel, unbeliever. =infidèlement=, _adv._, unfaithfully, faithlessly. =infidélité=, _n.f._, infidelity, unbelief, faithlessness, unfaithfulness; dishonesty, deceitfulness; inaccuracy. _Faire des —s à_; to be unfaithful to. =infiltration=, _n.f._, infiltration. _s’_=infiltrer=, _v.r._, to infiltrate; to percolate; (fig.) to spread, to creep. =infime=, _adj._, (of ranks) lowest. =infimité=, _n.f._, lowest degree, depth; lowest state of abjection; nothingness. =infini=, =-e=, _adj._, infinite, boundless, endless; numberless; immense. =infini=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) infinite. _À l’—_; to infinity, ad infinitum, infinitely; endlessly; indefinitely. =infiniment=, _adv._, infinitely, without end; exceedingly, extremely, very much. _Il a — d’esprit_; he is exceedingly witty. _L’— petit_; the infinitesimal. =infinité=, _n.f._, infinity, infiniteness, infinitude; crowd, host, no end of. =infinitésimal=, =-e=, _adj._, infinitesimal, infinitely small. =infinitif=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (gram.) infinitive, infinitive mood. =infirmati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, annulling, invalidating. =infirmation=, _n.f._, invalidation, annulment. =infirme=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, invalid; valetudinarian; infirm, weak, feeble, frail, sickly. =infirmer=, _v.a._, to invalidate, to nullify. =infirmerie=, _n.f._, infirmary; sick-ward; sanatorium. =infirmi-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, hospital-attendant; hospital-nurse. =infirmité=, _n.f._, infirmity, weakness, failing. =inflammabilité=, _n.f._, inflammability. =inflammable=, _adj._, inflammable. =inflammation=, _n.f._, inflammation. =inflammatoire=, _adj._, inflammatory. =inflation=, _n.f._, (med.) inflation. =infléchi=, =-e=, _adj._, (opt.) inflected, bent. =infléchir=, _v.a._, (opt.) to inflect, to bend. _s’_=infléchir=, _v.r._, (opt.) to be inflected. =infléchissable=, _adj._, (of things) inflexible, unbendable. =inflexe=, _adj._, inflected. =inflexibilité=, _n.f._, inflexibility, inexorableness. =inflexible=, _adj._, inflexible; unrelenting, unbending, inexorable. =inflexiblement=, _adv._, inflexibly, inexorably. =inflexion=, _n.f._, inflection; variation. =inflicti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, inflictive. =infliction=, _n.f._, infliction. =infliger=, _v.a._, to inflict, to impose. _s’_=infliger=, _v.r._, to inflict one’s self; to impose on one’s self. _— des privations_; to impose privations on one’s self. =inflorescence=, _n.f._, (bot.) inflorescence. =influence=, _n.f._, influence; sway; power. _Avoir beaucoup d’— sur_; to have great influence over. _Avoir de l’—_; to be influential; to possess influence. =influencer=, _v.a._, to influence, to sway, to bias. _Se laisser —_; to let one’s self be biased. =influent=, =-e=, _adj._, influential. =influenza=, _n.f._, (med.) influenza. =influer=, _v.n._, to influence, to sway; to exert an influence (over); to make an impression. =influx=, _n.m._, (tech.) influx. =influxion=, _n.f._, influxion, influx. =in-folio=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (_—_) (print.) folio. ☉=infondre=, _v.a._, to infuse. =information=, _n.f._, inquiry; information. _Aller aux —s_, or _prendre des —_; to make inquiries. =informe=, _adj._, unformed; shapeless; misshapen; crude, undigested, imperfect; (jur.) informal. _Etoiles —s_; unformed stars. =informé=, _n.m._, (jur.) investigation, inquiry. =informer=, _v.a._, to inform; to acquaint, to give information, to apprise. _s’_=informer=, _v.r._, to inquire, to make inquiries; to ask. _Il s’est informé de votre santé_; he inquired after your health. =informer=, _v.n._, (jur.) to inquire into, to investigate. _La justice informe_; proceedings have been taken. =informité=, _n.f._, (philos.) shapelessness. =infortiat=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) infortiate (second vol. of Justinian’s digest). =infortune=, _n.f._, misfortune, adversity. =infortuné=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, unfortunate, unhappy, ill-fated, wretched person; unfortunate, unhappy, ill-fated, wretched. =infracteur=, _n.m._, infractor, infringer, breaker, violator. =infraction=, _n.f._, infraction, infringement, breach, violation. _Une — à la loi_; a breach of the law. =infranchissable=, _adj._, insurmountable, insuperable, impassable. =infrangibilité=, _n.f._, infrangibility. =infrangible=, _adj._, infrangible. =infréquenté=, =-e=, _adj._, unfrequented. =infructueusement=, _adv._, fruitlessly, to no purpose, in vain. =infructueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, unfruitful, fruitless, unavailing. =infus=, =-e=, _adj._, intuitive, inspired; innate, inborn. =infusé=, _n.m._, (med.) infusion. =infuser=, _v.a._, to infuse, to steep. _— à froid_; to make a cold infusion. _s’_=infuser=, _v.r._, to be infused, to draw, to stand (of tea). =infusibilité=, _n.f._, infusibility. =infusible=, _adj._, unfusible. =infusion=, _n.f._, infusion; intuition. =infusoires=, _n.m.pl._ and _adj._, (zoöl.) infusoria; infusorial, infusory. *=ingagnable=, _adj._, that cannot be won, that cannot be gained. =ingambe=, _adj._, nimble, brisk, active. _s’_=ingénier=, _v.r._, to strive, to tax one’s ingenuity; to work one’s hardest; to work for all one is worth. _Je m’ingénie à le faire_; I work my hardest to accomplish it. =ingénieur=, _n.m._, engineer. _— civil_; civil engineer. _— constructeur de vaisseaux_; master-shipwright, naval architect. _Art de l’—_; engineering. _— des mines_; mining engineer. _— des ponts et chaussées_; civil engineer (under government) for bridges and roads in France. _—-géographe_, (_—s-—s_) geographer. _—-opticien_, (_—s-—s_) optician. =ingénieusement=, _adv._, ingeniously. =ingénieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, ingenious, intelligent, clever, witty. _— à mentir_; practised in the art of falsehood. =ingéniosité=, _n.f._, ingenuity, ingeniousness. =ingénu=, =-e=, _adj._, ingenuous, frank, open, candid. =ingénu=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, ingenuous person, artless person, simple-minded youth _or_ maiden. _Jouer les —s_; (theat.) to play juvenile parts. _Faire l’—_; to affect simplicity. =ingénuité=, _n.f._, ingenuousness, frankness, openness, candidness, simplicity. =ingénument=, _adj._, ingenuously, frankly, openly, candidly. =ingerçable=, _adj._, not liable to crack. =ingérence=, _n.f._, interference, meddling, dabbling. =ingérer=, _v.a._, (phys.) to introduce, to ingest. _s’_=ingérer=, _v.r._, to meddle with, to interfere, to obtrude. _S’— dans les affaires d’autrui_; to meddle with other people’s business. =ingestion= (-jès-ti-on), _n.f._, (phys.) introduction, ingestion. =in globo=, _adv._, in a lump, altogether. =inglorieusement=, _adv._, ingloriously. =inglorieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, inglorious. =ingouvernable=, _adj._, ungovernable. =ingrat=, =-e=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, unthankful, ungrateful, ingrate person; ungrateful, ingrate, unthankful, thankless, unprofitable, unfruitful; sterile; unpleasant. =ingratitude=, _n.f._, ingratitude, thanklessness, piece of ingratitude. =ingrédient= (-di-ān), _n.m._, ingredient. =inguéable=, _adj._, unfordable. =inguérissable=, _adj._, incurable. =inguinal=, =-e= (-gu-i-), _adj._, inguinal. =ingurgitation=, _n.f._, (med.) ingurgitation. =inhabile=, _adj._, unqualified; incapable, unskillful, unfit. =inhabilement=, _adv._, unskillfully. =inhabileté=, _n.f._, inability, unskillfulness, incompetency, incapacity. =inhabilité=, _n.f._, (jur.) incompetency; disability. =inhabitable=, _adj._, uninhabitable, (of homes) untenanted, tenantless. =inhabité=, =-e=, _adj._, uninhabited. =inhabitude=, _n.f._, want of habit. =inhalation=, _n.f._, inhalation. =inhaler=, _v.a._, to inhale. =inharmonie=, _n.f._, want of harmony. =inharmonieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, inharmonious, unmusical. =inhérence=, _n.f._, inherence. =inhérent=, =-e=, _adj._, inherent. ☉=inhiber=, _v.a._, to inhibit, to forbid. =inhibition=, _n.f._, (jur.) inhibition, prohibition. =inhibitoire=, _adj._, inhibitory. =inhonoré=, =-e=, _adj._, (l.u.) unhonored. =inhospitali-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, inhospitable; unfriendly, forbidding. =inhospitalièrement=, _adv._, inhospitably. =inhospitalité=, _n.f._, inhospitality. =inhumain=, =-e=, _adj._, inhuman, cruel. =inhumainement= (i-nu-mè-n-mān), _adv._, inhumanly. =inhumanité=, _n.f._, inhumanity, cruelty. =inhumation=, _n.f._, inhumation, interment. =inhumer=, _v.a._, to inhume, to bury, to inter. =inimaginable=, _adj._, unimaginable, incomprehensible, inconceivable. =inimitable=, _adj._, inimitable. =inimitablement=, _adj._ inimitably. =inimitié=, _n.f._, enmity, hatred, antipathy, aversion. _Avoir de l’— pour_; to bear enmity to, to have an aversion to. =inimprimable=, _adj._, unprintable. =ininflammabilité=, _n.f._, uninflammability. =ininflammable=, _adv._, uninflammable. =inintelligence=, _n.f._, lack of intelligence. =inintelligent=, _adj._, unintelligent. =inintelligible=, _adj._, unintelligible. =inintelligiblement=, _adv._, unintelligibly. =ininterrompu=, _adj._, uninterrupted. =inique=, _adj._, iniquitous; unrighteous. =iniquement= (i-nik-mān), _adv._, iniquitously. =iniquité=, _n.f._, iniquity; unrighteousness, sin. =initial=, =-e=, _adj._, initial. =initiale=, _n.f._, initial. =initiat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, one who initiates, initiator. =initiati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, initiatory, initiative. =initiation=, _n.f._, initiation. =initiative=, _n.f._, initiative. _Prendre l’—_; to take the initiative. =initié=, =-e=, _adj._, initiated. =initié=, _n.m._, person initiated. =initier=, _v.a._, to initiate, to admit. =injecté=, =-e=, _adj._, injected; bloodshot, flushed. _Yeux —s de sang_; bloodshot eyes. =injecter=, _v.a._, to inject. _S’—_; to become injected, bloodshot. =injecteur=, _n.m._, injector. =injection=, _n.f._, injection, redness. =injonction=, _n.f._, injunction, order. _Faire — à_; to enjoin. =injouable=, _adj._, unplayable, unactable. =injudicieusement=, _adv._, injudiciously. =injudicieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, injudicious. =injure=, _n.f._, insult, injury, wrong. _pl._, abuse, abusive language, taunt; outrage, slander. _Dire des —s à quelqu’un_; to call any one names, to abuse any one. _Faire — à quelqu’un_; to wrong any one. _Avoir toujours l’— à la bouche_; to be abusive, to be foul-mouthed. _Ils se sont dit mille —s_; they abused one another like pickpockets. =injurier=, _v.a._, to abuse, to call names, to rail at, to insult. =injurieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, injuriously, wrongfully, abusively, reproachfully, revilingly. =injurieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, injurious, wrongful; reproachful, abusive, offensive, reviling. =injuste=, _adj._, unjust, unfair, wrong, wrongful. =injuste=, _n.m._, what is unjust, wrong; unjust person, wrong-doer. =injustement=, _adv._, unjustly, wrongly, wrongfully, unfairly. =injustice=, _n.f._, injustice; wrong, act of injustice. =injustifiable=, _adj._, unjustifiable. =in naturalibus=. _V._ =naturalibus= (in). =innavigable=, _adj._, unnavigable; unseaworthy. =inné=, =-e=, _adj._, innate, inborn, inbred. =innégociable=, _adj._, (com.) not negotiable. =innocemment= (ino-sa-mān), _adv._, innocently, harmlessly; simply, sillily, foolishly. =innocence=, _n.f._, innocence, guiltlessness; harmlessness, inoffensiveness; simplicity, silliness. =innocent=, =-e=, _adj._, innocent, guiltless, guileless; harmless, inoffensive; simple, silly. _Il a été reconnu —_; he was found not guilty. _Se déclarer —_; to plead not guilty. _Tenir pour —_; to hold guiltless. =innocent=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, innocent person; simpleton, idiot. _Tourte d’—s_; pigeon-pie made with young pigeons. _Faire l’—_; to sham innocence. =innocenter=, _v.a._, to acquit. =innocuité=, _n.f._, innocuousness, harmlessness. =innombrable=, _adj._, innumerable, numberless, endless. =innombrablement=, _adv._, innumerably, endlessly. =innominé=, _adj._, (anat.) nameless, unnamed. =innommé=, _adj._, (jur.) unnamed, nameless. =innovat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, innovator. =innovation=, _n.f._, innovation. =innover=, _v.n._, to innovate, to make innovations. =inobservable=, _adj._, inobservable. =inobservance=, _n.f._, non-observance, inobservance. =inobservation=, _n.f._, non-observance. =inobservé=, =-e=, _adj._, unobserved, unnoticed, overlooked. =inoccupation=, _n.f._, inoccupation. =inoccupé=, =-e=, _adj._, unoccupied, unemployed. =in-octavo=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (_—_) (print.) octavo, in octavo, 8vo. =inoculateur=, _n.m._, inoculator. _adj._, inoculating. =inoculation=, _n.f._, inoculation. =inoculer=, _v.a._, (med.) to inoculate. _s’_=inoculer=, _v.r._, (med.) to inoculate one’s self; to be inoculated. ☉=inoculiste=, _n.m._, partisan of inoculation. =inodore=, _adj._, inodorous, scentless, free from smell. _Cabinet —_; water-closet. =inoffensi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, inoffensive. =inoffensivement=, _adv._, inoffensively. =inofficiel=, =-le=, _adj._, unofficial. =inofficiellement=, _adv._, unofficially. =inofficieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (jur.) inofficious. =inofficiosité=, _n.f._, (jur.) inofficiousness. =inondation=, _n.f._, inundation, overflow, flood, deluge. =inonder=, _v.a._, to inundate, to overflow, to deluge; to overrun, to overspread, to pour into, to overwhelm. =inopérant=, =-e=, _adj._, inoperative. =inopiné=, =-e=, _adj._, unforeseen, unexpected, unlooked for, sudden. =inopinément=, _adv._, unawares, unexpectedly, suddenly. =inopportun=, =-e=, _adj._, inopportune, unseasonable, untimely, ill-timed. =inopportunément=, _adv._, inopportunely. =inopportunité=, _n.f._, inopportuneness, unseasonableness. =inorganique=, _adj._, inorganical. =inosculation=, _n.f._, (anat.) inosculation, anastomosis. =inostensible=, _adj._, inostensible. =inostensiblement=, _adv._, inostensibly. =inoubliable=, _adj._, not to be forgotten. =inoublié=, =-e=, _adv._, unforgotten, well-remembered. =inouï=, =-e=, _adj._, unheard of, unprecedented, extraordinary, strange, wonderful. =inoxydable=, _adj._, which cannot be oxygenized. =in pace=, _n.m._, (_—_) in peace. =in-partibus=. _V._ =partibus= (in). =in petto=, (-pèt-to) _adv._, in petto, in secret. =in-plano=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (_—_) (print.) broadside. =in-promptu=, _n.m._ _V._ =impromptu=. =inqualifiable=, _adj._, that cannot be qualified; for which no name is too bad. =inquart=, _n.m._, (chem.) quartation. =in-quarto=, (-kooar-), _n.m._ and _adj._, (_—_) (print.) quarto, in quarto, 4to. =inqui-et=, =-ète=, _adj._, unquiet, anxious, uneasy; restless, fidgety. =inquiétant=, =-e=, _adj._, alarming, disquieting. =inquiéter=, _v.a._, to make uneasy, to disquiet; to disturb, to trouble, to alarm. _s’_=inquiéter=, _v.r._, to be anxious, to be uneasy, to make one’s self uneasy, to alarm one’s self. =inquiétude=, _n.f._, anxiety, uneasiness, disquietude, alarm, fear; solicitude, restlessness; slight pains, uneasy feeling. _Donner de l’— à_; to make uneasy. _Il est sans — sur l’avenir_; he is without anxiety about the future. _Soyez sans — là-dessus_; make yourself easy on that score. _Avoir des —s_; to be uneasy. =inquisiteur=, _n.m._, inquisitor. =inquisition=, _n.f._, inquisition. =inquisitorial=, =-e=, _adj._, inquisitorial. =insaisissable=, _adj._, unseizable; imperceptible; (jur.) not distrainable. =insalubre=, _adj._, insalubrious, unhealthy, unwholesome. =insalubrement=, _adv._, insalubriously. =insalubrité=, _n.f._, insalubrity, unhealthiness, unwholesomeness. =insanité=, _n.f._, insanity. =insatiabilité=, _n.f._, insatiability. =insatiable=, _adj._, insatiable. =insatiablement=, _adv._, insatiably. =insciemment=, _adv._, unwittingly, unknowingly. =inscription=, _n.f._, inscription; registry, entry; term (of schools); (fin.) stock-receipt; inscribing. _— hypothécaire_; registry of mortgage. _— de faux_; allegation of forgery. _Avoir toutes ses —s_; (of students) to have kept all one’s terms. _Prendre ses —s_; to enter one’s name for the (university) terms. =inscrire=, _v.a._, to inscribe, to enter, to set down; to register; to impanel (jury). _s’_=inscrire=, _v.r._, to inscribe one’s self; to enter one’s name. _S’— en faux contre_; to deny the truth of, to protest against. =inscrutabilité=, _n.f._, inscrutability; unsearchableness. =inscrutable=, _adj._, inscrutable, unfathomable. =inscrutablement=, _adv._, inscrutably. =insécable=, _adj._, insecable, indivisible. =insecte=, _n.m._, insect. =insecticide=, _adj._, insect-destroying. =insectivore=, _adj._, insectivorous. =insécurité=, _n.f._, insecurity. =in-seize=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (_—_) (print.) sixteen, in sixteen, 16mo. =insensé=, =-e=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, insane, madman, madwoman; maniac; unwise person; fool; insane, mad; foolish, senseless. =insensibilité=, _n.f._, insensibility, unconsciousness, unfeelingness. =insensible=, _adj._, insensible, unconscious, unfeeling; hard-hearted; imperceptible. =insensiblement=, _adv._, insensibly, imperceptibly, gradually, by degrees. =inséparabilité=, _n.f._, inseparableness. =inséparable=, _adj._, inseparable. =inséparablement=, _adv._, inseparably. =inséparables=, _n.m.f.pl._, great chums; (orni.) love-birds. =insérer=, _v.a._, to insert, to put in, to wedge in. =insermenté=, _adj._, unsworn. =insertion=, _n.f._, insertion. =insidieusement=, (-eûz-mān) _adv._, insidiously. =insidieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, insidious. *=insigne=, _adj._, signal, high, notorious, arrant, downright. _L’— honneur_; the high honor. =insigne=, _n.m._, badge, mark. _pl._, insignia. *=insignifiance=, _n.f._, insignificance. *=insignifiant=, =-e=, _adj._, insignificant. =insincère=, _adj._, insincere. =insinuant=, =-e=, _adj._, insinuating. =insinuatif=, =-ve=, _adj._, (l.u.) insinuating. =insinuation=, _n.f._, insinuation; hint, innuendo, suggestion, intimation; ☉(jur.) registration. =insinuer=, _v.a._, to insinuate; to hint, to suggest; to instill, to intimate. _s’_=insinuer=, _v.r._, to insinuate, to introduce one’s self (in), to creep (into), to worm one’s self (into), to steal (into). =insipide=, _adj._, insipid, tasteless, unsavory, dull, flat. =insipidement= (-pid-mān), _adv._, insipidly; dully, heavily. =insipidité=, _n.f._, insipidity, insipidness, unsavoriness, tastelessness; dullness. =insistance=, _n.f._, insistence, insisting, entreaty; urgent request. =insister=, _v.n._, to insist; to persist, to urge, to press, to lay stress (upon). _Il insiste à demander_; he persists in demanding. =insociabilité=, _n.f._, unsociableness. =insociable=, _adj._, unsociable. =insociablement=, _adv._, unsociably. =insocial=, =-e=, _adj._, unsocial. =insolation=, _n.f._, insolation; sun-stroke. =insolemment= (-la-mān), _adv._, insolently, impudently, saucily. =insolence=, _n.f._, insolence, impertinence, sauciness, incivility, rudeness. =insolent=, =-e=, _adj._ and _n._, insolent, rude, pert, saucy, impudent; insolent person. =insolidité=, _n.f._, insolidity. =insolite=, _adj._, unusual, unwonted. =insolitement=, _adv._, unusually. =insolubilité=, _n.f._, insolubility. =insoluble=, _adj._, insoluble. =insolvabilité=, _n.f._, insolvency. =insolvable=, _adj._, insolvent. =insomnie= (in-som-nî), _n.f._, sleeplessness, wakefulness; insomnia. _Heures d’—_; sleepless nights. =insondable=, _adj._, unfathomable; fathomless. =insouciance=, _n.f._, carelessness, thoughtlessness, heedlessness, listlessness. =insouciant=, =-e=, _adj._, careless, thoughtless, heedless, listless, indifferent. =insoucieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, careless, free from care. =insoumis=, _n.m._, (milit. jur.) defaulting recruit, defaulter. =insoumis=, =-e=, _adj._, unsubdued, refractory; unruly. =insoumission=, _n.f._, insubordination. =insoutenable=, _adj._, indefensible, insupportable, unbearable, untenable. =inspecter=, _v.a._, to inspect, to survey; to superintend, to supervise. =inspect-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, inspector, superintendent, surveyor. =inspection=, _n.f._, inspection, survey; superintendence; view, sight. _Passer à l’—_; (milit.) to undergo inspection. _À la première —_; at first sight. _Faire l’— de_; to examine, to survey, to inspect. =inspirat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._ and _n._, inspiring, suggesting; (anat.) inspiratory; inspirer. =inspirateur=, _n.m._, (anat.) inspiratory muscle. =inspiration=, _n.f._, inspiration, suggestion; inhaling. =inspiré=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, person inspired. =inspirer=, _v.a._, to inspire; to breathe; to inhale; (fig.) to suggest, to prompt; to instill; to advise. =instabilité=, _n.f._, instability, fickleness. =instable=, _adj._, unstable, fickle. =installation=, _n.f._, installation; installment; induction (to a living). =installer=, _v.a._, to install, to induct. _s’_=installer=, _v.r._, to install one’s self; to place one’s self (in), to settle. =instamment= (ins-ta-mān), _adv._, earnestly, urgently. =instance=, _n.f._, entreaty, solicitation, urgency, earnestness; (jur.) instance. _pl._, urgency. _Faire de grandes_, _de vives_, _—s_; to entreat earnestly. _Avec —_; earnestly. _En —_; (jur.) on the cause-list. _Tribunal de première —_; inferior court. =instant=, _n.m._, instant, moment, trice. _A l’—_; instantly, immediately. _Dans un —_; in an instant. _Je reviens à l’—_; I shall go back immediately. =instant=, =-e=, _adj._, earnest, pressing, urgent. =instantané=, =-e=, _adj._, instantaneous. =instantanéité=, _n.f._, instantaneousness. =instantanément=, _adv._, instantaneously. =instar=, _adv._, like. _À l’— de_; like; in imitation of. =instigat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, instigator, inciter. _adj._, instigating, inciting. =instigation=, _n.f._, instigation. =instillation= (-til-la-), _n.f._, instillation. =instiller= (ins-til-lé), _v.a._, to instill. =instinct= (-tin), _n.m._, instinct. _D’—_ or _par —_; instinctively. =instincti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, instinctive. =instinctivement=, _adv._, instinctively. =institué=, _n.m._, (jur.) tenant in tail. =instituer=, _v.a._, to institute, to establish, to settle, to found, to appoint, to originate. _S’—_; to institute one’s self; to be appointed. =institut=, _n.m._, institution, order, institute. =institutes=, _n.f.pl._, (jur.) institutes. =institut-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, institutor, tutor; governess; schoolmaster; schoolmistress. =institution=, _n.f._, institution, establishment; school, seminary; (jur.) settlement. _— de demoiselles_; seminary for young ladies. _Chef d’—_; head of an academy or school. _Maîtresse d’—_; lady-principal. =instructeur=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (milit.) instructor; (l.u.) instructor. _Sergent —_; drill-sergeant. _Juge —_; examining magistrate. =instructi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, instructive. =instruction=, _n.f._, instruction; education; information, attainments; lesson; direction; (jur.) inquiry, examination. _Avoir de l’—_; to be well educated. _—s détaillées_; particular instructions. _Sans —_; untaught, uneducated. _Donner des —s_; to give directions. _Juge d’—_; examining magistrate. =instruire= (instruisant, instruit), _v.a._, to instruct, to teach, to inform, to apprise, to acquaint; to train; (jur.) to investigate, to examine, to proceed. _s’_=instruire=, _v.r._, to instruct, to inform, to improve, one’s self; (jur.) to form the subject of an inquiry, to be under examination, to be heard (of a case). =instruisable=, _adj._, (l.u.) teachable. =instruit=, =-e=, _part._, instructed; informed; learned, well informed, aware. =instrument=, _n.m._, instrument, document; implement, tool; underling. _— tranchant_; edge-tool. _—s aratoires_; agricultural implements. _Servir d’—_; to be instrumental (in). =instrumentaire=, _adj._, (jur.) required by law. _Témoin —_; witness (required by law) to a deed. =instrumental=, =-e=, _adj._, instrumental. =instrumentation=, _n.f._, (mus.) instrumentation. =instrumenter=, _v.n._, (jur.) to act; to draw up deeds, indentures, etc.; to serve writs; to compose instrumental music. =instrumentiste=, _n.m._, instrumentalist. _à l’_=insu=, _prep._, unknown to. _À mon —_, _à votre —_; unknown to me, unknown to you; unknowingly, unwittingly, unconsciously. _A l’— de son père_; unknown to his father. =insubmersible=, _adj._, unsinkable. =insubordination=, _n.f._, insubordination. =insubordonné=, =-e=, _adj._, insubordinate. =insuccès=, _n.m._, failure, want of success. =insuffisamment=, _adv._, insufficiently. =insuffisance=, _n.f._, insufficiency, incapacity. =insuffisant=, =-e=, _adj._, insufficient, inadequate. =insufflation=, _n.f._, insufflation. =insuffler=, _v.a._, (med.) to breathe in. =insulaire=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, islander; insular; native (of an island). =insularité=, _n.f._, insularity. =insultant=, =-e=, _adj._, insulting. =insulte=, _n.f._, insult, affront, abuse. _Avec —_; insultingly. _Faire une — à quelqu’un_; to offer an insult to any one. _Supporter une —_; to brook an insult. =insulter=, _v.a.n._, to insult, to affront; to abuse. =insupportable=, _adj._, insupportable, insufferable, intolerable. =insupportablement=, _adv._, insupportably, insufferably, intolerably. =insurgé=, =-e=, _part._, insurgent; in a state of insurrection. =insurgé=, _n.m._, insurgent, rebel. =insurgence=, _n.f._, insurrection. _s’_=insurger=, _v.r._, to revolt, to rebel, to rise in insurrection; (fig.) to protest against. =insurmontable=, _adj._, insurmountable, insuperable, invincible. =insurmontablement=, _adv._, insurmountably, insuperably. =insurrection=, _n.f._, insurrection, rising. =insurrectionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, insurrectionary. =intact= (in-takt), =-e=, _adj._, intact, entire, whole, untouched; unblemished, untainted, irreproachable. =intactile=, _adj._, intangible, intactile. *=intaille=, _n.f._, (engr.) intaglio. =intangibilité=, _n.f._, intangibility. =intangible=, _adj._, intangible, untouchable. =intarissable=, _adj._, inexhaustible, endless; never-failing. =intégral=, =-e=, _adj._, integral, whole, entire. =intégrale=, _n.f._, (math.) integral, fluent. =intégralement= (-gral-mān), _adv._, integrally, entirely, wholly; in full. =intégralité=, _n.f._, integrality, completeness. =intégrant=, =-e=, _adj._, integral, integrant. =intégration=, _n.f._, (math.) integration. =intègre=, _adj._, honest, upright, just. =intégrement=, _adv._, honestly, uprightly. =intégrer=, _v.a._, (math.) to integrate. =intégrité=, _n.f._, integrity, uprightness, probity; soundness; entireness. =intellect= (in-tèl-lèkt), _n.m._, intellect, understanding. =intellecti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, intellective. =intellectuel=, =-le=, _adj._, intellectual. =intellectuellement=, _adv._, intellectually. =intelligence= (-tèl-li-), _n.f._, intellect; intelligence; understanding; knowledge; good understanding, harmony; acquaintance, intercourse; correspondence; means of information; spirit, spiritual being; skill, ability. _En bonne — avec_; on good terms with. _Être d’—_; to be in league with; to go hand in hand. _— étroite_; narrow intellect. =intelligent=, =-e= (-tèl-li-), _adj._, intelligent, sharp, shrewd, clever, quick. =intelligibilité= (-tèl-li-), _n.f._, intelligibility, intelligibleness. =intelligible= (-tèl-li-), _adj._, intelligible; audible; distinct, clear. =intelligiblement= (-tèl-li-), _adv._, intelligibly, audibly, clearly. =intempéramment= (-ra-mān), _adv._, intemperately, immoderately. =intempérance=, _n.f._, intemperance, insobriety, excess. =intempérant=, =-e=, _adj._, intemperate. =intempéré=, =-e=, _adj._, intemperate. =intempérie=, _n.f._, inclemency, intemperance. =intempesti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, unseasonable, untimely. =intempestivement=, _adv._, unseasonably. =intenable=, _adj._, untenable. =intendance=, _n.f._, administration, direction, management, superintendence; stewardship; the office, the house, of an intendant; (milit.) commissariat. =intendant=, _n.m._, intendant, steward; commissioner, commissary, comptroller; (milit.) commissary. _— de la liste civile_; comptroller of the civil list. =intendante=, _n.f._, directress. =intense=, _adj._, intense, violent, severe. =intensité=, _n.f._, intensity, intenseness; violence, severity. =intensivement=, _adv._, intensely. =intenter=, _v.a._, to enter (upon); to bring (against); to commence. _— une action à_ or _contre quelqu’un_; to bring an action against any one. =intention=, _n.f._, intention; intent, purpose, design; meaning; view. _— présumée criminelle_; implied malice. _À l’— de_; on account of. _Dans l’— de_; with a view to. _Sans —_; unintentionally. _Avec —_; on purpose. _L’— est réputée pour le fait_; the will is as good as the deed. _Avoir l’— de_; to intend to. _À mon —_, _à votre —_, etc.; for my sake, for your sake, etc.; my _or_ your benefit. =intentionné=, =-e=, _adj._, intentioned, disposed, meaning. _Une personne bien —e_; a well-intentioned, disposed, _or_ meaning, person. =intentionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, intentional. =intercadence=, _n.f._, (med.) irregular beating of the pulse. =intercadent=, _adj._, irregular (of the pulse). =intercalaire=, _adj._, intercalary. _Jour —_; intercalary day. _Vers —s_; burden (of a song). =intercalation=, _n.f._, intercalation. =intercaler=, _v.a._, to intercalate. =intercéder=, _v.n._, to intercede, to plead with _or_ for. =intercepter=, _v.a._, to intercept. =interception=, _n.f._, (phys.) interception. =intercesseur=, _n.m._, intercessor, interceder. =intercession=, _n.f._, intercession. =intercostal=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) intercostal. =intercurrent=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) intercurrent. =intercutané=, =-e=, _adj._, intercutaneous. =interdiction=, _n.f._, interdiction, inhibition, prohibition; suspension; laying under an interdict; deprivation (of civil rights). _Frapper d’—_; to lay under an interdict. =interdire=, _v.a._, to interdict, to prohibit, to forbid; to suspend; to amaze, to confound, to dumfound, to stupefy; to nonplus; (jur.) to declare a man _non compos mentis_. _— l’entrée à quelqu’un_; to shut any one out _or_ refuse any one admission. =interdit=, =-e=, _part._, abashed, confused, dumfounded, taken aback. =interdit=, _n.m._, interdict, person interdicted. _Mettre en —_; to taboo. =intéressant=, =-e=, _adj._, interesting. =intéressé=, =-e=, _part._, interested, having an interest (in); selfish. =intéressé=, _n.m._, interested party. =intéresser=, _v.a._, to interest; to concern; to affect; to give a share to; to stake money on; (surg.) to injure. _Cela ne vous intéresse en rien_; that does not concern _or_ affect you in the least. _s’_=intéresser=, _v.r._, to take an interest in, to be interested, to be concerned for; to have an interest, to be concerned (in). =intérêt=, _n.m._, interest, concern, share. _pl._, interest; selfishness. _Avoir un — à_; to have an interest, a share, in. _Il est de mon — de le faire_; it is to my interest to do it. _Il y va de mon —_; my interest is at stake. _Favoriser les —s de quelqu’un_; to promote any one’s interest. _C’est l’— qui nous guide_; it is interest that guides us. _Cet argent porte —_; this money bears interest. _— composé_; compound interest. _Prendre — à_ or _se prendre d’— pour_; to take interest in. =interférence=, _n.f._, (opt.) interference. =interférer=, _v.n._, (opt.) to interfere. =interfoliacé=, =-e=, _adj._, interfoliaceous, interleaved. =interfolier=, _v.a._, to interleave. =intérieur=, =-e=, _adj._, interior, internal, inner, inward; intrinsic; inland. =intérieur=, _n.m._, interior, inside, home, private life. _Ministre de l’—_; Home Secretary. _Dans son —_; in private life. _Tableau d’—_; scene of home-life. _Ville de l’—_; inland town. _Nous nous avançâmes dans l’—_; we went inland. =intérieurement=, _adv._, inwardly, internally. =intérim= (-rim), _n.m._, interim. _Dans l’—_; in the interim; in the interval, meanwhile. =intérimaire=, _adj._, provisional, temporary. =interjection=, _n.f._, (gram.) interjection; (jur.) lodging (of an appeal). =interjeter=, _v.a._, (jur.) to lodge (an appeal). *=interligne=, _n.f._, (print.) lead. *=interligne=, _n.m._, (mus.) space; space between two written _or_ printed lines. *=interligner=, _v.a._, to space out, to interline; (print.) to lead. =interlinéaire=, _adj._, interlineary. =interlinéation=, _n.f._, interlineation. =interlinéer=, _v.a._, to interline. =interlocut-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, interlocutor, speaker. =interlocution=, _n.f._, interlocution, dialogue. =interlocutoire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (jur.) interlocutory decree; interlocutory. _Arrêt —_; interlocutory judgment _or_ decree. =interlope=, _adj._, interloping, intrusive, contraband; fraudulent, clandestine. =interlope=, _n.m._, interloper, interloping trade, smuggling. =interloquer=, _v.a._, to nonplus; to disconcert; to silence; (fam.) to shut up. =intermaxillaire=, _adj._, (anat.) intermaxillary. =intermède=, _n.m._, interlude; (chem.) intermediate. =intermédiaire=, _adj._, intermediate, intervening; lying between. =intermédiaire=, _n.m._, medium, intermediate agent, middleman. _Par l’— de_; through the medium of. =intermédiat=, =-e=, _adj._, intermediate. =interminable=, _adj._, interminable, endless. =intermission=, _n.f._, intermission. =intermittence=, _n.f._, intermission; cessation; intermittent character of. =intermittent=, =-e=, _adj._, intermittent. =intermonde=, _n.m._, intermundane space. =intermusculaire=, _adj._, (anat.) intermuscular. =internat=, _n.m._, boarding-school; house-surgeoncy (of hospitals). =international=, =-e=, _adj._, international. =interne=, _n.m.f._, (of schools) boarder; (of hospitals) house-surgeon; clinical clerk. =interne=, _adj._, internal, inward, interior; indoor. _Elève —_; boarder (in school). =interner=, _v.a._, to shut up, to send into, to confine (in the interior of a country); to intern; to banish, to relegate. =internissable=, _adj._, that cannot be tarnished _or_ sullied. =internonce=, _n.m._, internuncio. =interocéanique=, _adj._, interoceanic. =interoculaire=, _adj._, interocular. =interosseu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (anat.) interosseous. =interpellat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice= (-pèl-la-), _n.f._, interpellator; questioner. =interpellation= (-pèl-la-), _n.f._, interpellation, summons; question (in parliament). =interpeller= (-pèl-lé), _v.a._, to summon, to call upon, to require, to challenge, to question, to put a question to. =interpolateur=, _n.m._, interpolator. =interpolation=, _n.f._, interpolation. =interpoler=, _v.a._, to interpolate, to foist, to insert. =interposé=, =-e=, _part._, interposed. =interposer=, _v.a._, to interpose. _s’_=interposer=, _v.r._, to interpose, to come between. =interposition=, _n.f._, interposition; intervention. =interprétati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, interpretative. =interprétation=, _n.f._, interpretation, construction. _— erronée_; misconstruction. _Donner une mauvaise — à_; to misconstrue. =interprète=, _n.m._, interpreter, expounder; expositor, translator. =interpréter=, _v.a._, to interpret, to expound; to explain, to render, to construe. _S’—_; to be interpreted. *=interrègne= (-tèr-rè-), _n.m._, interregnum. =interrogant=, _adj._, (l.u.) (gram.) interrogative, of interrogation; questioning, inquisitive. _Point —_; note of interrogation. =interrogat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, interrogator, questioner, examiner. =interrogati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, interrogative. =interrogation=, _n.f._, interrogation, question. _Point d’—_; note of interrogation. =interrogatoire=, _n.m._, examination. _Subir un —_; to undergo an examination. _— contradictoire_; cross-examination. =interroger=, _v.a._, to interrogate, to question; to consult, to examine. _— l’histoire_; to consult history. _— contradictoirement_; to cross-examine. _s’_=interroger=, _v.r._, to examine one’s self _or_ one’s conscience; to question each other. =interroi= (-tèr-roa), _n.m._, (antiq.) regent. =interrompre=, _v.a._, to interrupt, to leave off, to break off; to stop, to suspend. _s’_=interrompre=, _v.r._, to interrupt one’s self, to leave off, to break off. =interrupt-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, interrupter; interrupting. =interruption=, _n.f._, interruption, discontinuance; suspension, intermission. =intersection=, _n.f._, intersection. =interstellaire= (-stĕl-lĕr), _adj._, (astron.) interstellar. =interstice=, _n.m._, interstice, opening, chink. =intertropical=, _adj._, intertropical. =intervalle=, _n.m._, interval, interstice, distance; space, room. _Par —s_; at intervals. =intervenant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, (jur.) intervening party; intervening. =intervenir=, _v.n._, to intervene, to interfere; to interpose; to happen, to occur. _Faire —_; to bring, to call, in. =intervention=, _n.f._, intervention, interference. =interversion=, _n.f._, inversion. =intervertir=, _v.a._, to invert, to change, to reverse. =intestable=, _adj._, (jur.) intestable. =intestat=, _n.m._ and _adj. invariable_, (jur.) intestate. _Héritier ab —_; heir of one that dies intestate. =intestin=, _n.m._, intestine, bowel, gut. =intestin=, =-e=, _adj._, intestine, internal, domestic, civil. =intestinal=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) intestinal. =intimation=, _n.f._, intimation, notification; legal notice. =intime=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, intimate, familiar; inmost, inward; deep, secret; close. =intimé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (jur.) appellee. =intimement= (-tim-mān), _adv._, intimately; familiarly, deeply, closely. =intimer=, _v.a._, to notify, to give legal notice of, to give notice of appeal; to summon, to convoke, to enjoin. _On lui intima l’ordre de partir_; they notified to him the order to depart. =intimidat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, intimidator; intimidating. =intimidation=, _n.f._, intimidation. =intimider=, _v.a._, to intimidate, to threaten; to frighten, to confuse. _s’_=intimider=, _v.r._, to be intimidated, to be nervous, to become confused. =intimité=, _n.f._, intimacy, close connection, inmost recesses. =intitulé=, =-e=, _part._, entitled. =intitulé=, _n.m._, title (of deeds, books). =intituler=, _v.a._, to entitle, to call, to name. _s’_=intituler=, _v.r._, to entitle one’s self, to call one’s self, to style one’s self. =intolérable=, _adj._, intolerable, insufferable. =intolérablement=, _adv._, intolerably, insufferably. =intolérance=, _n.f._, intolerance. =intolérant=, =-e=, _adj._, intolerant. =intolérantisme=, _n.m._, system of intolerance. =intonation=, _n.f._, intonation. =intorsion=, _n.f._, intorsion. =intoxicant=, =-e=, _adj._, poisonous. =intoxication=, _n.f._, (med.) poisoning. =intrados=, _n.m._, _n.f._, (arch.) intrados (interior part of a vault). =intraduisible=, _adj._, untranslatable. =intraitable=, _adj._, untractable, ungovernable, unmanageable, unruly, difficult; refractory. =intra-muros=, _adv._, inside a town. =intransigeant=, _n.m._, ultra-republican. =intransiti-f=, =-ve= (-zi-), _adj._, (gram.) intransitive. =intransitivement=, _adv._, intransitively. =intransparence=, _n.f._, intransparency. =intransportable=, _adj._, untransportable. =intrant=, _n.m._, in the University of Paris, the name formerly given to him who appointed the Rector. =intraversable=, _adj._, impassable, not to be crossed. =in-trente-deux=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (_—_) (print.) in thirty-two; 32mo. =intrépide=, _adj._, intrepid, dauntless, undaunted, fearless, resolute; bold. =intrépidement= (-pi-dmān), _adv._, intrepidly, fearlessly. =intrépidité=, _n.f._, intrepidity, dauntlessness, boldness, undauntedness, fearlessness. =intrigant=, =-e=, _adj._ and _n._, intriguing; intriguer; trimmer. =intrigue= (in-trig), _n.f._, intrigue; scrape, difficulty; plot. _— accessoire_; under-plot. _Démêler_, _dénouer_, _une —_; to unravel an intrigue, a plot. =intrigué=, =-e=, _part._, puzzled, perplexed. =intriguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to puzzle, to perplex. _s’_=intriguer=, _v.r._, to intrigue; to take pains, to rack one’s brains, to strive hard. =intriguer=, _v.n._, to intrigue, to plot. =intrigueu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, intriguer, plotter. =intrinsèque=, _adj._, intrinsic, intrinsical. =intrinsèquement= (-sèk-mān), _adv._, intrinsically. =introduct-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, introducer. =introducti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (jur.) of the first process, introductory. =introduction=, _n.f._, introduction; preamble; (jur.) previous proceedings. =introductoire=, _adj._, introductory, preliminary. =introduire= (introduisant, introduit), _v.a._, to introduce, to show in, to bring, to bring in; to conduct; to put, to put in, to let in. _— adroitement_; to shuffle (anyone) in. _— imperceptiblement_; to slip (anyone) in. _— de force_; to thrust (anyone) in. _s’_=introduire=, _v.r._, to introduce one’s self; to get in, to gain admittance; to enter; to be introduced, to be brought in; to intrude, to intrude one’s self. _S’— partout_; to intrude everywhere. =introït= (-it), _n.m._, (c.rel.) introit. =intromission=, _n.f._, (phys.) intromission. =intronisation=, _n.f._, enthroning (of bishops). =introniser=, _v.a._, to install; to enthrone. =introspection=, _n.f._, introspection. =introuvable=, _adj._, undiscoverable, not to be found, unfindable. =introuvé=, =-e=, _part._, unfound. =intrus=, =-e=, _part._ and _n._, intruded, obtruded; intruder. =intrusion=, _n.f._, intrusion. =intuiti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, intuitive. =intuition=, _n.f._, intuition. =intuitivement= (-ti-vmān), _adv._, intuitively. =intumescence= (-mès-sans), _n.f._, intumescence. =intumescent=, =-e=, _adj._, intumescent. =intussusception=, _n.f._, (med., physiology) intussusception, introsusception. =inule=, _n.f._, (bot.) inula. =inuline=, _n.f._, (chem.) inuline. =inusable=, _adj._, that will not wear out; durable, everlasting. =inusité=, =-e=, _adj._, unused, not in use, obsolete; antiquated; unusual. =inutile=, _adj._, useless, fruitless, profitless; unnecessary; unavailing, unavailable, needless, unserviceable, vain, of no use. =inutilement= (-til-mān), _adv._, uselessly, fruitlessly, unprofitably, to no purpose, vainly, needlessly. =inutilisable=, _adj._, that cannot be utilized; worthless, profitless. =inutilisé=, =-e=, _adj._, unutilized. =inutilité=, _n.f._, inutility, uselessness, fruitlessness, unprofitableness; useless thing. =invacillant=, =-e=, _adj._, non-flickering, steady. =invagination=, _n.f._, (med.) intussusception, invagination. =invaincu=, =-e=, _adj._, unvanquished, unconquered. =invalidation=, _n.f._, invalidation. =invalide=, _adj._, invalid; infirm; (milit., nav.) disabled; (jur.) void, not valid, without force, without effect. =invalide=, _n.m._ and _f._, invalid; (milit.) pensioner. _— externe_; out-pensioner. _Hôtel des Invalides_; the Chelsea Hospital of France (_i.e._, for disabled soldiers _or_ sailors). =invalidement= (-lid-mān), _adv._, invalidly, without force, without effect. =invalider=, _v.a._, to invalidate, to make void; to vitiate, to annul. =invalidité=, _n.f._, invalidity, nullity. =invariabilité=, _n.f._, invariableness, invariability, unchangeableness, constancy. =invariable=, _adj._, invariable, unchangeable, unalterable. _Mot —_; indeclinable word. =invariablement=, _adv._, invariably, unchangeably, unalterably. =invasion=, _n.f._, invasion; inroad; irruption. =invective=, _n.f._, invective. _— sanglante_; bitter invective. =invectiver=, _v.n._, to inveigh. =invendable=, _adj._, unsalable. =invendu=, =-e=, _adj._, (com.) unsold. =inventaire=, _n.m._, inventory. _Bénéfice d’—_; (jur.) non-liability to debts beyond assets stated in inventory. _Faire l’— de_; to take the inventory of. _Faire l’— des fonds en magasin_; (com.) to take stock. =inventer=, _v.a._, to invent, to find out, to contrive, to devise; to imagine, to forge, to fabricate. _Il n’a pas inventé la poudre_; he will never set the Thames on fire. =invent-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, inventor, contriver, deviser. =inventi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, inventive. =invention=, _n.f._, invention, contrivance; ingenuity; device, trick; fiction, untruth, falsehood. _Brevet d’—_; patent. _Vivre d’—_; to live upon one’s wits. =inventorier=, _v.a._, to inventory, to draw up an inventory of; to schedule, to catalogue. =inversable=, _adj._, that cannot be upset _or_ overturned. =inverse=, _adj._, inverse, inverted. En raison —; in inverse ratio. _En sens —_; in the contrary direction. _Être en raison — de_; to be in inverse ratio to. =inverse=, _n.m._, reverse, contrary. _Faire juste l’—_; to do just the contrary, to do the reverse. _En raison —_ (_de_); in inverse ratio (to). _En sens —_; in a contrary direction. =inversement=, _adv._, inversely. =inversion=, _n.f._, (gram.) inversion. =invertébré=, =-e=, _adj._ and _n._, invertebrate. =inverti=, =-e=, _adj._, inversed, reversed. =investigat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, investigator, explorer; investigating, searching; scrutinizing, inquiring. =investigation=, _n.f._, investigation, inquiry. _Faire des —s dans_; to make inquiries into. =investir=, _v.a._, to invest; to surround, to block up, to lay siege to; to put in possession. =investissement= (-tis-mān), _n.m._, (milit.) investment. =investiture=, _n.f._, investiture. =invétéré=, =-e=, _part._, inveterate. _s’_=invétérer=, _v.r._, to grow inveterate, to become inveterate _or_ chronic (of disease). _Cette maladie s’est invétérée_; this disorder has become chronic. =invincibilité=, _n.f._, invincibleness. =invincible=, _adj._, invincible, insuperable, unconquerable, insurmountable. =invinciblement=, _adv._, invincibly, insuperably, unconquerably, insurmountably. =in-vingt-quatre=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (_—_) (print.) in twenty-four, 24mo. =inviolabilité=, _n.f._, inviolability. =inviolable=, _adj._, inviolable, inviolate. =inviolablement=, _adv._, inviolably. =inviolé=, =-e=, _adj._, inviolate. =invisibilité=, _n.f._, invisibility, invisibleness. =invisible=, _adj._, invisible. =invisiblement=, _adv._, invisibly. =invitation=, _n.f._, invitation. =invitatoire=, _n.m._, (c.rel.) invitatory. =invite=, _n.f._, call for trumps. =invité=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, guest. =inviter=, _v.a._, to invite, to bid, to beg, to engage, to urge; to allure, to incite, to attract, to tempt. _— à dîner_; to ask to dinner. _S’—_; to invite each other. =invocation=, _n.f._, invocation. =involontaire=, _adj._, involuntary. =involontairement= (-tèr-mā), _adv._, involuntarily. =involucral=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) involucral. =involucre=, _n.m._, (bot.) involucre; cover, husk. =involuti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (bot.) involute, involuted. =involution=, _n.f._, (jur.) involvement, complication. =invoquer=, _v.a._, to invoke, to call upon, to cry unto, to plead; to appeal to. =invraisemblable=, _adj._, unlikely, improbable. =invraisemblablement=, _adv._, improbably. =invraisemblance=, _n.f._, unlikelihood, improbability; unlikely thing. =invulnérabilité=, _n.f._, invulnerability, invulnerableness. =invulnérable=, _adj._, invulnerable. =invulnérablement=, _adv._, invulnerably. =iode=, _n.m._, (chem.) iodine. =iodé=, =-e=, _adj._, (chem.) iodized. =iodeux=, _adj._, (chem.) iodous. =iodique=, _adj._, (chem.) iodic. =iodure=, _n.m._, (chem.) ioduret, iodide. =ioduré=, =-e=, _adj._, (chem.) iodureted, containing an iodide. =ionien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, Ionian, Ionic. =ionien=, _n.m._, Ionic. =ionique=, _adj._, Ionic. _L’ordre —_; the Ionic order. =iota=, _n.m._, iota; jot, tittle. =iotacisme=, _n.m._, (gram.) frequent recurrence of the letter i. =ipécacuana=, _n.m._, ipecacuanha. =ipso facto=, _adv._, by the very fact. =iranien=, =-ne=, _adj._, (philology) iranic. =irascibilité=, _n.f._, irascibility, irritability. =irascible=, _adj._, irascible, irritable. ☉=ire=, _n.f._, wrath, anger, ire. =iridium=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) (chem.) iridium. =iridescence=, _n.f._, iridescence. =iridescent=, =-e=, _adj._, iridescent. =iris= (i-ris), _n.m._, iris, rainbow; (anat.) iris; (bot.) iris, iris-root, orris. _Pois d’—_; issue-pea. _Poudre d’—_; powdered orris-root. =irisé=, =-e=, _adj._, rainbow-colored, irised, variegated; iridescent. =irlandais=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Irishman, Irishwoman; Irish. =irlandais=, _n.m._, Irish language. =ironie=, _n.f._, irony, mockery, raillery. =ironique=, _adj._, ironic, ironical. =ironiquement=, _adv._, ironically, sneeringly. =iroquois=, _n.m._, Iroquois; lout. =irrachetable= (ir-rash-tabl), _adj._, unredeemable. =irradiation= (ir-ra-), _n.f._, irradiation. =irradier= (ir-ra-), _v.n._, to irradiate, to emit rays. =irraisonnable= (ir-rè-), _adj._, irrational. =irraisonnablement= (ir-rè-), _adv._, irrationally. =irrationnel=, =-le=, _adj._, irrational. =irrationnellement=, _adv._, irrationally. =irréalisable=, _adj._, unrealizable. =irréconciliable= (ir-ré), _adj._, irreconcilable. =irréconciliablement= (ir-ré-), _adv._, irreconcilably. =irréconcilié=, =-e= (ir-ré-), _adj._, unreconciled. =irrécouvrable=, _adj._, irrecoverable. =irrécusable= (ir-ré-), _adj._, unexceptionable, unobjectionable; undeniable. =irrécusablement=, _adv._, unexceptionably; unobjectionably, undeniably. =irréductibilité= (ir-ré-), _n.f._, irreducibleness. =irréductible= (ir-ré-), _adj._, irreducible. =irréfléchi=, =-e= (ir-ré-), _adj._, thoughtless, heedless, inconsiderate, unguarded. =irréflexion= (ir-ré-), _n.f._, thoughtlessness, heedlessness, inconsiderateness. =irréformable= (ir-ré-), _adj._, unchangeable, irrevocable; irreclaimable. =irréfragable= (ir-ré-), _adj._, irrefragable, irrefutable. =irréfragablement= (ir-ré-), _adv._, irrefragably, undeniably, irrefutably. =irréfutable= (ir-ré-), _adj._, irrefutable. =irréfuté=, _adj._, unrefuted, not disproved. =irrégularité= (ir-ré-), _n.f._, irregularity. =irréguli-er=, =-ère= (ir-ré-), _adj._, irregular; (math.) scalene. =irrégulièrement= (ir-ré-), _adv._, irregularly. =irréligieusement= (ir-ré-), _adv._, irreligiously, profanely. =irréligieu-x=, =-se= (ir-ré-), _adj._, irreligious. =irréligion= (ir-ré-), _n.f._, irreligion. =irrémédiable= (ir-ré-), _adj._, irremediable, not to be remedied, helpless, irretrievable. =irrémédiablement= (ir-ré-), _adv._, irremediably; irrecoverably, irretrievably. =irrémissible= (ir-ré-), _adj._, irremissible, unpardonable. =irrémissiblement= (ir-ré-), _adv._, irremissibly, unpardonably. =irréparable= (ir-ré-), _adj._, irreparable, irretrievable, irrecoverable. =irréparablement= (ir-ré-), _adv._, irreparably, irretrievably, irrecoverably. =irrépréhensible= (ir-ré), _adj._, irreprehensible, irreproachable, irreprovable. =irrépréhensiblement= (ir-ré-), _adv._, irreprehensibly, irreproachably, irreprovably. =irrépressible=, _adj._, irrepressible. =irréprochable= (ir-ré-), _adj._, irreproachable, irreprovable, unexceptionable. =irréprochablement= (ir-ré-), _adv._, irreproachably, irreprovably, unexceptionably. =irrésistibilité= (ir-ré-), _n.f._, irresistibility. =irrésistible= (ir-ré-), _adj._, irresistible. =irrésistiblement= (ir-ré-), _adv._, irresistibly. =irrésolu=, =-e= (ir-ré-), _adj._, irresolute, wavering, undetermined; unsolved. =irrésoluble= (ir-ré-), _adj._, irresolvable. =irrésolument= (ir-ré-), _adv._, irresolutely. =irrésolution= (ir-ré-), _n.f._, irresolution, indecision. =irrespectueusement=, _adv._, disrespectfully. =irrespectueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, disrespectful. =irrespirable=, _adj._, irrespirable, unbreathable. =irresponsabilité=, _n.f._, irresponsibility. =irresponsable=, _adj._, irresponsible. =irrévéremment= (ir-ré-vé-ra-mān), _adv._, irreverently. =irrévérence=, _n.f._, irreverence, disrespect. =irrévérencieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, irreverent; disrespectful. =irrévérent=, =-e=, _adj._, irreverent. =irrévocabilité= (ir-ré-), _n.f._, irrevocableness. =irrévocable=, _adj._, irrevocable. =irrévocablement=, _adv._, irrevocably. =irrévoqué=, _adj._, unrevoked; unrepealed. =irrigable=, _adj._, that can be irrigated. =irrigateur=, _n.m._, watering-engine; garden-engine. =irrigation= (ir-ri-), _n.f._, irrigation. =irriguer=, _v.a._, to irrigate, to water. =irritabilité= (ir-ri-), _n.m._, irritability. =irritable=, _adj._, irritable. =irritant=, =-e=, _adj._, irritating, provoking; (med.) irritant; (jur.) vital. =irritant=, _n.m._, (med.) irritant. =irritation=, _n.f._, irritation; exasperation, vexation. =irrité=, =-e=, _part._, irritated, exasperated, excited; angry. _Une mer —e_; an angry sea. =irriter= (ir-ri-té), _v.a._, to irritate, to incense, to anger, to exasperate; to provoke, to excite, to enrage. _Vous irritez sa colère_; you provoke his anger. _Il est irrité contre vous_; he is incensed against you. _s’_=irriter=, _v.r._, to be irritated; to be angry, provoked, exasperated, incensed. =irroration= (ir-ro-), _n.f._, irroration. =irruption= (ir-rup-), _n.f._, irruption; inroad; overflow, bursting in. _Faire —_ (_dans_); to invade, to make an irruption into; to break in or out. =isabelle=, _adj._, dun- _or_ cream-colored (of horses); dove-colored (of birds). =isabelle=, _n.m._, Isabel; dun (horse); dove-color (birds). =isard=, _n.m._, (mam.) izard (name given in the Pyrenees to the antelope chamois). =ischion= (-ki-), _n.m._, (anat.) ischium. =ischurétique= (-ku-), _adj._, (med.) ischuretic. =ischurie= (-ku-), _n.f._, (med.) ischury, ischuria. =isiaque=, _adj._, pertaining, relating, to Isis. =isinglass=, _n.m._ _V._ =ichtyocolle= and =colle de poisson=. =islam=, _n.m._, islam, religion of Mahomet. =islamisme=, _n.m._, islamism. =islandais=, =-e=, _n.m.f._, _adj._, Icelander. =isocèle=, _adj._, (geom.) isosceles. =isochromatique= (-kro-), _adj._, isochromatic. =isochrone= (izo-krô-n), _adj._, isochronal, isochronous. =isochronisme=, _n.m._, isochronism. =isolant=, =-e=, _adj._, (phys.) insulating. _Corps —_; insulating body. =isolateur=, _n.m._, insulator. =isolation=, _n.f._, isolation, insulation. =isolé=, =-e=, _adj._, _part._, isolated, lonely, solitary; detached, insulated, apart, not contiguous. _Lieu —_; lonely place _or_ spot. =isolement= (i-zol-mān), _n.m._, loneliness, isolation, solitude. _Vivre dans l’—_; to live a retired life. =isolément=, _adv._, separately. =isoler=, _v.a._, to isolate, to insulate, to detach, to separate. _s’_=isoler=, _v.r._, to be isolated, insulated, to shun society. =isoloir=, _n.m._, (phys.) insulator. =isomère=, _adj._, (min. chem.) isomeric. =isotherme=, _adj._, isothermal. =israélite= (iz-), _n.m.f._ and _adj._, Israelite; Israelitic, Israelitish, Jewish. _Un bon —_; a plain, simple man. =issu=, =-e=, _adj._, born, descended, _or_ sprung from. =issue=, _n.f._, issue, egress, outlet; end, event; loophole, escape, refuse grain; offal (of animals). _À l’— de_; on leaving, after. =isthme=, _n.m._, isthmus. =isthmiques=, _adj.m.pl._, (antiq.) Isthmian. _Jeux —_; Isthmian games. =ita est=, _adv._, (Lat.) so it is. =itague= (i-tag), _n.f._, (nav.) runner-tie. =italianiser=, _v.a._, to Italianize. =italianisme=, _n.m._, Italianism. =italien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _n._ and _adj._, Italian. =italien=, _n.m._, Italian language. =italique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, italics; italic. =item= (i-tem), _adv._, also; moreover, ditto. =item=, _n.m._, (_—_) item. =itérati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, iterative, repeated. =itération=, _n.f._, iteration, repetition. =itérativement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, repeatedly. =ithos=, _n.m._, (old) ethics. =itinéraire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, itinerary, route, walk, round; guide, guide-book. _Colonne —_; way-post. =itou=, _adv._, (fam.) also, too, likewise. =iule=, _n.m._, (ent.) julus; catkin. _V._ =jule=. =ive= _or_ =ivette=, _n.f._, (bot.) iva. =ivoire=, _n.m._, ivory; (fig.) whiteness. _D’—_; ivory. _— des dents_; bone of the teeth. =ivoirier=, _n.m._, ivory-turner. =ivraie=, _n.f._, darnel, tare, tares; rye-grass. _Séparer l’— d’avec le bon grain_; to separate the tares from the wheat. =ivre=, _adj._, drunk, inebriated, intoxicated. _A moitié —_; half-tipsy, half-seas-over. _— mort_; dead drunk. _— de joie_; beside one’s self with joy. _— de sang_; drunk with blood, thirsting for blood. =ivresse=, _n.f._, drunkenness, inebriety, inebriation, intoxication; frenzy, rapture, enthusiasm. *=ivrogne=, _n.m._ and _adj._, drunkard; drunken, tipsy, given to drink. *=ivrogner=, _v.n._, (pop.) to fuddle, to carouse, to booze, to guzzle, to get drunk. *=ivrognerie=, _n.f._, inebriation, drunkenness, intoxication. *=ivrognesse=, _n.f._, (pop.) drunkard, drunken woman. =ixia=, _n.f._, (bot.) ixia. =ixion=, _n.m._, (astron.) Ixion. =ixode=, _n.m._, (zoöl.). _V._ =tique=. =izard=, _n.m._ _V._ =isard=. J =j=, _n.m._, the tenth letter of the alphabet, j. ☉=jà=, _adv._, already. =jable=, _n.m._, cross-groove (cooper’s work). =jabler=, _v.a._, to cross-groove (cooper’s work). =jabot=, _n.m._, frill (of a shirt); crop, maw (of a bird). _Faire —_; to give one’s self airs. _Se remplir le —_; to have a blow-out. =jabotage=, _n.m._, jabbering. =jaboter=, _v.n._, to prattle, to chatter. =jaboteu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, chatterer, jabberer. =jabotière=, _n.f._, frilling. =jacasse=, _n.f._, (pop.) chatterer, prater, talkative female. =jacasser=, _v.n._, to chatter (of the magpie); (fig.) to prate, to jabber. =jacée=, _n.f._, (bot.) knapweed. _— des blés_; corn-flower. =jacent=, =-e=, _adj._, (jur.) in abeyance. =jachère=, _n.f._, fallow, fallow-ground. _Terre en —_; fallow-land. _Être en —_; to be fallow. =jachéré=, =-e=, _part._, fallowed. =jachérer=, _v.a._, to fallow. =jacinthe= _or_ =hyacinthe=, _n.f._, (bot., min.) hyacinth. =jacobée=, _n.f._, (bot.) ragwort. =jacobin=, _n.m._, jacobin friar, monk; Jacobin (ultra radical of the French revolution). =jacobinisme=, _n.m._, Jacobinism. =jacobite=, _n.m._ and _adj._, Jacobite. =jaconas=, _n.m._, jaconet. =jacot=, _n.m._ _V._ =jacquot=. =jacquart=, _n.m._ _Métier à la —_; Jacquart loom. =jacquerie=, _n.f._, jacquerie; rising of peasants. =jacques=, _n.m._, James. _— bonhomme_; peasant, Hodge (nickname for French peasants as a class). =jacquot= _or_ =jacot=, _n.m._, gray parrot, poll; pug (monkey). =jactance=, _n.f._, boasting, bragging, boast. _Plein de —_; boastful. ☉_se_ =jacter=, _v.r._, to swagger, to brag. =jaculatoire=, _adj._, ejaculatory, spouting. =jade=, _n.m._, (min.) jade, ax-stone. =jadelle=, =judelle=, _n.f._, (orni.) coot. =jadis= (jâ-dîs), _adv._, of old, in days of yore, formerly. _Au temps —_; in days of old. =jaguar=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) jaguar. =jaïet=, _n.m._ _V._ =jais=. *=jaillir=, _v.n._, to spout, to spout out, to gush, to gush out, to spurt out; to spring, to burst out. _Faire —_; to throw up. *=jaillissant=, =-e=, _adj._, spouting, gushing; springing, bursting. *=jaillissement=, _n.m._, spouting out, gushing out, spirting, shooting, flashing. =jais=, _n.m._, jet. =jalage=, _n.m._, (feudalism) duty on wine. =jalap= (ja-lap), _n.m._, jalap. =jale=, _n.f._, large bowl, tureen. ☉=jalet=, _n.m._, pebble-stone, pebble. _Arc à —_; stone-bow. =jalon=, _n.m._, leveling-staff; surveying-staff; offset-staff; landmark; mark; indication. =jalonnement=, _n.m._, (land surveying) staking out; marking out. =jalonner=, _v.n._, to stake out; to place landmarks; to mark out, indicate. =jalonneur=, _n.m._, (milit.) marker. =jalousement=, _adv._, jealously. =jalouser=, _v.a._, to be jealous of, to envy. _se_ =jalouser=, _v.r._, to be jealous of each other. =jalousie=, _n.f._, jealousy; fear, uneasiness, umbrage; blind, Venetian blind; (bot.) three-colored amaranth, sweet William. _Par —_; out of jealousy. _Donner de la — à quelqu’un_; to make any one jealous. =jalou-x=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, jealous person; jealous; desirous, anxious; inclining on one side (of a carriage, of a ship). _— d’acquérir de la gloire_; desirous of acquiring glory. _— de plaire_; anxious to please. _Faire des —_; to excite jealousy. =jamais=, _adv._, never, ever. _Je ne la vois —_; I never see her. _Si — je deviens riche_; if ever I grow rich. _À —_, _pour —_; for ever. _À tout —_; for ever and ever. _— de la vie_; never, never, I tell you. =jamais=, _n.m._, time without end. _Au grand —_; for ever and ever, to all eternity. =jambage=, _n.m._, jamb (of a door); hanger, down-stroke (in writing). =jambe=, _n.f._, leg; shank; (of a glass) stem. _— arquée_; bow-leg. _Courir à toutes —s_; to run at the top of one’s speed. _— en deça_, _— en delà_; astride. _— de force_; principal rafter. _—s de quinze ans_; young legs. _Avoir des —s de quinze ans_; to be as nimble as ever. _Prendre ses —s à son cou_; to take to one’s heels. _Être haut en —_; to be long-legged. _Cela ne lui rend pas la — mieux faite_; he is no better off for it. _Jouer des —s_; to take to flight, to make off. _Je le ferai par-dessous la —_; I will do it with the greatest ease. _Avoir les —s en manche de veste_; to be bow-legged. =jambé=, =-e=, _adj._, legged. _Bien —_; well made about the legs. _Mal —_; badly made about the legs. =jambette=, _n.f._, small pocket-knife; (carp.) jamb. =jambi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, (anat.) of the leg. _n.f._, legging, leg-guard. =jambon=, _n.m._, ham. =jambonneau=, _n.m._, small ham, knuckle. =jan=, _n.m._, (tric-trac) jan, table. _— de retour_; outer table. =janissaire=, _n.m._, janissary. =jansénisme=, _n.m._, Jansenism. =janséniste=, _n.m._ and _adj._, Jansenist. =jante=, _n.f._, felly, rim (of a wheel), felloe. =janvier=, _n.m._, January. =japon=, _n.m._, Japan-ware. =japonais=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Japanese. =japonais=, _n.m._, Japanese language. =japonner=, _v.a._, to hard-bake (porcelain). =jappement= (ja-pmān), _n.m._, yelping. =japper=, _v.n._, to yelp. ☉=jaque=, _n.f._, coat. _— de mailles_; coat of mail. =jaquemart=, _n.m._, jack of the clock-house. =jaquette=, _n.f._, jacket; tunic, short petticoats (for boys). =jaquier=, _n.m._, breadfruit-tree. =jarde=, _n.f._ _V._ =jardon=. =jardin=, _n.m._, garden; (nav.) quarter-gallery. _— d’agrément_; pleasure _or_ flower garden. _— potager_; kitchen-garden. _— fruitier_; fruit-garden. _— des plantes_; botanical, zoölogical gardens. _— anglais_; ornamental garden, grounds. =jardinage=, _n.m._, gardening; garden-ground; garden-stuff. =jardiner=, _v.n._, to garden. =jardinet=, _n.m._, small garden. =jardineuse=, _adj.f._, (of emeralds) spotty. =jardinier=, _n.m._, gardener. _—-fleuriste_; (_—s-—s_) florist. _— maraîcher_; kitchen-gardener. =jardini-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, of the garden. _Plantes —ères_; garden-plants. =jardinière=, _n.f._, gardener’s wife; garden-woman; low ruffle; flower-stand; kind of vegetable soup. =jardon=, _n.m._, _or_ =jarde=, _n.f._, (vet.) curb. =jargon=, _n.m._, jargon, gibberish, lingo; cant; (min.) jargoon, jargon, gray _or_ brown zircon. =jargonner=, _v.a.n._, to talk jargon, to talk twaddle _or_ gibberish. ☉=jarni!= _int._, by Heaven! zounds. =jarousse= _or_ =jarrosse=, _n.f._, (bot.) vetch. =jarre=, _n.f._, jar, jug, can. =jarret=, _n.m._, ham, hough, hock; (arch.) projection. _— de veau_; knuckle of veal. _— de bœuf_; shin of beef. _Couper les —s à un cheval_; to hamstring a horse; (fig.) leg, legs. _Coupe-—_, (_—-—s_) ruffian, bully. _Être ferme sur ses —s_; to keep one’s countenance, to stand unmoved. _Avoir du —_; to be a good walker, a good dancer. _Tendre le —_; (fig.) to strut. =jarreté=, =-e= (jar-té), _adj._, close-hammed, close-hocked; knock-kneed, gartered; (arch.) protuberant, projecting. =jarretelle=, _n.f._, stocking suspender. =jarreter=, _v.a._, to garter. _Se —_; to put garters on, to garter one’s self. =jarretière= (jar-tièr), _n.f._, garter. _L’ordre de la —_; the Order of the Garter. _Ne pas aller à la — à quelqu’un_; not to come up to any one (by a long way). =jars= (jâr), _n.m._, (orni.) gander. _Il entend le —_; he is no fool; he knows what’s what; he is up to snuff. =jas=, _n.m._, (nav.) stock, anchor-stock. =jaser=, _v.n._, to prate, to chatter, to gabble, to chat, to babble, to blab, to tattle. _— comme une pie_, _comme une pie borgne_; to chatter like a magpie. =jaserie= (jâ-zrî), _n.f._, prating, chattering; prate, chatter; twaddle. =jaseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, prater, chatterer; chatterbox; (orni.) chatterer. _Grand —_; (orni.) Bohemian chatterer, waxwing. =jasmin=, _n.m._, (bot.) jasmine, jessamine. =jaspe=, _n.m._, (min.) jasper. =jaspé=, =-e=, _part._, jasperated, jasper-like; marbled, veined; (of binding) sprinkled. =jasper=, _v.a._, to marble; (binding) to sprinkle. =jaspure=, _n.f._, marbling; sprinkling. =jatte=, _n.f._, bowl, platter; (nav.) manger. _Cul-de-jatte_; cripple (sitting in a bowl). =jattée=, _n.f._, bowlful, platterful. =jauge= (jôj) _n.f._, gauge; gauging-rod; (nav.) tonnage, burden. _— d’eau_; water-gauge; (hort.) trench. =jaugeage= (jô-jaj), _n.m._, gauging. =jauger=, _v.a._, to gauge, to measure (the capacity of); to take the gauge of; (nav.) to draw (so many feet of water). =jaugeur=, _n.m._, gauger. =jaunâtre=, _adj._, yellowish. =jaune=, _adj._, yellow. _— comme un coing_; as yellow as a guinea. =jaune=, _n.m._, yellow. _— d’œuf_; yolk of an egg. =jaunet=, _n.m._, buttercup; bachelor’s buttons; (pop.) yellow-boy, gold coin. =jaunir=, _v.a._, to make yellow, to dye yellow; (arts) to yellow. =jaunir=, _v.n._, to grow yellow, to turn yellow. =jaunissage=, _n.m._, (arts) yellowing. =jaunissant=, =-e=, _adj._, turning yellow, yellowing; ripening. =jaunisse=, _n.f._, jaundice; (vet.) yellows. =javart=, _n.m._, (vet.) quittor. =javeau=, _n.m._, sand-bank. =javelage=, _n.m._, drying (of corn in the fields). =javeler= (ja-vlé), _v.a._, to lay in loose sheaves. =javeleur= (ja-vleur), _n.m._, harvestman; binder (into loose sheaves). =javeline= (ja-vli-n), _n.f._, javelin. =javelle=, _n.f._, small sheaf; small bundle (of corn left to dry). _Eau de —_; bleaching liquid. =javelot= (ja-vlo), _n.m._, javelin. =je=, _pron._, I. _— dis_; I say. _Parlé-—?_ do I speak? =jean= (jan), _n.m._, John, Johnny, fool. _La Saint-—_; midsummer. _— farine_; merry andrew. _— foutre_; blackguard. =jeannette= (ja-nèt), _n.f._, spinning-jenny. =jectisses=, _adj.f.pl._ _Terres —_; made earth, loose soil; rubbish. _Pierres —_; (mas.) stones small enough to be placed by hand. =jéhovah=, _n.m._, Jehovah. =jéjunum=, _n.m._, (anat.) jejunum. =jenny=, _n.f._, jenny (cotton-frame). =jérémiade=, _n.f._, jeremiad. =jérose=, _n.f._, (bot.) rose of Jericho. =jésuite=, _n.m._, jesuit. _— de_, or _en_, _robe courte_; lay jesuit. =jésuitique=, _adj._, jesuitic, jesuitical. =jésuitisme=, _n.m._, jesuitism. =jésus=, _n.m._, long royal, super royal (paper). =jet= (jè), _n.m._, casting, cast; throwing, throw; shoot, sprout; casting (metal.); (agri.) tiller; jet, gush, spirt (of water); new swarm (of bees). _Le — d’un filet_; the casting of a net. _Un — de pierre_; a stone’s throw. _— de lumière_; ray of light. _Le — d’une draperie_; (paint.) the folds _or_ lay of a drapery. _— d’eau_; waterspout, fountain. _— d’abeilles_; swarm of young bees. _D’un seul —_; at one stroke, born of a single effort. _Faire le —_; (com., nav.) to throw (goods) overboard. _— de marchandises_; (nav., com., jur.) jetsam, jettison. =jeté=, _n.m._, jeté (dancing). =jeté=, =-e=, _part._, cast, thrown. _Le dé_, _le sort_, _en est —_; the die is cast, the thing is resolved upon, the step has been taken. =jetée=, _n.f._, jetty, pier, mole. _— de port_; jetty-head, pier-head. =jeter=, _v.a._, to throw, to cast, to fling, to hurl; to throw down, to cast down, to fling down; to hurl down; to mold; to lay, to shoot, to shoot out, to shoot forth, to send forth; to disembogue, to empty; to discharge, to suppurate. _— l’ancre_; to cast anchor. _— un soupir_; to heave a sigh. _— les fondements d’une maison_, _d’une fortune_; to lay the foundation of a house, of a fortune. _— de profondes racines_; to take deep root. _— les yeux sur quelqu’un_; to cast one’s eyes on any one. _— à la mer_; (nav.) to throw overboard, to jettison. _— bas_; (dy.) to take out of the copper. _— une draperie_; to dispose the drapery (paint.). _— ses cartes_; to play one’s cards. _Ce cheval jette sa gourme_; that horse has the glanders. _— de l’huile sur le feu_; to add fuel to the flame. _— son argent par les fenêtres_; to play ducks and drakes with one’s money. _se_ =jeter=, _v.r._, to throw one’s self, to cast one’s self, to fling one’s self; to fall on, to fall upon (attack); to shoot; to strike out, to launch out; to be thrown down, to be thrown away; to disembogue, to fall, to empty one’s self (of rivers). _Se — sur l’ennemi_; to rush upon the enemy. _Se — au cou de quelqu’un_; to fall on any one’s neck. _Se — à corps perdu_; to rush headlong into. =jeton=, _n.m._, counter, token, brass farthing. =jeu=, _n.m._, play; sport; fun; game; gaming, gambling; acting (of actors); stake; (of organs) stop; (nav.) set; (nav.) suit; (mec.) length of stroke; (tech.) play. _— d’enfant_; child’s play. _— de cartes_; card game; pack of cards. _Bonheur au —_; good luck at play. _— de hasard_; game of chance. _De bon_ or _de franc —_; by fair play. _Couper —_; to leave off playing, to go off with one’s winnings. _Tenir le — de quelqu’un_; to play for any one. _— de bourse_; stock jobbing. _J’ai beau —_; I have a good hand. _Il a le — serré_; he plays a sure game. _Avoir beau —_; to have a good chance. _Cacher son —_; to cover one’s designs. _Jouer bien son —_; to play one’s cards well. _Faire bonne mine à mauvais —_; to put a good face upon matters. _Bon —, bon argent_; in good earnest. _Le — ne vaut pas la chandelle_; it is not worth the trouble, it is not worth powder and shot. _Se piquer au —_; to persist in playing. _Mettre au —_; to stake. _Jouer gros —_; to play high. _Jouer petit —_; to play low. _Ils sont à deux de —_; they are upon even terms; two can play at that game. _Un — de quilles_; a set of nine-pins. _— d’échecs_; set of chess-men. _Ne me mettez pas au —_; do not mix me in it. _Cela passe le —_; that is beyond a joke. _Être à deux de —_; to be even or quits; to be a match for each other. _À beau — beau retour_; one good turn deserves another. _Donner beau à —_; to play into a person’s hands. _— de mains — de vilains_; rough play often ends in tears. _Cela n’est pas du —_; that was not in the bargain; that is not fair. _Je sais son —_; I know his way. _— de voiles_; complete set of sails. _— d’avirons_; set of oars. _Avoir du —_; (tech.) to have too much play. _— de mots_; pun; quibble, play upon words. _— d’esprit_; piece of wit, witticism. _—x floraux_; floral games. _— qui trop dure ne vaut rien_; too much of a good thing is bad. =jeudi=, _n.m._, Thursday. _Le — gras_; Shrove Thursday. _La semaine des trois —s_; when two Sundays come together (_i.e._, never). _— Saint_; Maundy-Thursday. _à_ =jeûn=, _adv._, fasting, on an empty stomach. _Je suis encore à —_; I have not yet breakfasted. _J’ai pris cela à —_; I took it on an empty stomach. =jeune=, _adj._, young; younger, junior; youthful, recent, new; early, green. _— homme_; young man, lad, youngster. _—s gens_; young men; young people. _— personne_; young girl, young lady. _— premier_, _— première_; (thea.) actor, actress, who takes lovers’ parts. _Qui — n’apprend, rien ne saura_; an old dog will learn no tricks. =jeûne=, _n.m._, fasting; fast, abstinence. =jeunement= (jeu-n-mān), _adv._, (hunt.) just. _Cerf de dix cors —_; stag just turned ten years. =jeûner=, _v.n._, to fast. =jeunesse=, _n.f._, youth, youthful days; youthfulness; young people; (pop.) lad, lass. _Avoir un air de —_; to have a youthful look. _J’ai rencontré une — fort jolie_; (pop.) I met a very pretty girl. _Si — savait, si vieillesse pouvait_; if things were to be done twice, all would be wise. _Il faut que — se passe_; boys will be boys. =jeunet=, =-te=, _adj._, very young. =jeûneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, faster. *=joaillerie=, _n.f._, jeweler’s trade or business; jewelery, jewels. *=joailli-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, jeweler. =jobard=, _n.m._, ninny, simpleton, fool. =jobarder=, _v.a._, to gull, to fool, to be fooled. =jobarderie=, _n.f._, silliness, foolery. =jobet=, _n.m._, (metal.) iron wire of a mold. =joc=, _n.m._, stop, standstill (used in speaking of mills). _Mettre le moulin à —_; to stop the mill. =jockey=, _n.m._, (_—s_) jockey. =jocko=, _n.m._, (mam.) pongo, black-orang. =jocrisse=, _n.m._, cotquean; dolt, dupe, simpleton, ninny. _Jouer les —s_; to play silly servants’ parts. =joie=, _n.f._, joy, joyfulness; gladness; glee, mirth; exultation, delight. _Être ravi_, _comblé_, _de —_; to be overjoyed, to be transported with joy. _Ne pas se sentir de —_; to be beside one’s self with joy, to be unable to contain one’s self for joy. _Faire la — de quelqu’un_, _être la — de quelqu’un_; to make any one’s delight. _Pleurer de —_; to weep for joy. _Feu de —_; bonfire. *=joignant=, _prep._, next to, contiguous to, adjoining. *=joignant=, =-e=, _adj._, adjoining, next to, adjacent, contiguous. =joindre= (joignant, joint), _v.a._, to join, to adjoin, to put together, to unite, to combine, to fix together, to connect; to add; to annex, to join with; to overtake; to come up to; (arch.) to fay. _— les mains_; to clasp the hands. _se_ =joindre=, _v.r._, to join, to unite, to be joined, to be united, to be combined; to be adjoining, to be adjacent, to be contiguous; to be added, to consort, to meet. =joindre=, _v.n._, to join, to meet. _Ces planches ne joignent pas_; these planks do not join. =joint=, _n.m._, joint; seam, junction. _— articulé_; knuckle joint. _Trouver le —_; to hit upon the best _or_ right way. =joint=, =-e=, _part._, joined, united, added; jointed. _Prier quelqu’un à mains —es_; to beg very hard. _Vous trouverez ci-— copie de sa lettre_; you will find herewith a copy of his letter. _À pieds —s_; close-legged. =jointé=, =-e=, _adj._, jointed. _Cheval long —_; long-jointed horse. =jointée=, _n.f._, double handful. =jointi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (arch.) joined, closed. =jointoiement= (-toa-mān), _n.m._, grouting, pointing (of walls). =jointoyer=, _v.a._, to grout, to point. =jointure=, _n.f._, joint, jointing, articulation. =joli=, =-e=, _adj._, pretty, pleasing, neat, genteel; fine, good; nice, comfortable. _Il est dans un — état_; he is in a nice state, in a pretty mess. =joli=, _n.m._, a pretty thing; what is pretty. _Le — de la chose c’est que_; the best of the thing was that. =joliet=, =-te=, _adj._, rather pretty. =joliment=, _adv._, prettily, pleasingly; (b.s.) finely; extremely, excessively; (fam.) much, many. =jolite=, _n.f._, violet-stone. =jonc= (jon), _n.m._, rush; Malacca-cane; keeper (ring). _— marin_; sea-rush. _— odorant_; camel’s-hay. =jonchaie=, _n.f._, bed _or_ plantation of rushes. =jonché=, =-e=, _part._, strewed, heaped. =jonchée=, _n.f._, strewing, sprinkling (of flowers); scatterer about. _— de crème_; cream-cheese. =joncher=, _v.a._, to strew, to heap, to scatter. =jonchets=, _n.m.pl._, spilikins (game). =jonciforme=, _adj._, rush-shaped, rush-like. =jonction=, _n.f._, junction, joining, meeting. =jongler=, _v.n._, to juggle. =jonglerie=, _n.f._, juggling, hocus-pocus. _V._ =escamotage=. =jongleur=, _n.m._, juggler; (fig.) deceiver, trickster, cheat. =jonque=, _n.f._, junk (Chinese vessel). *=jonquille=, _n.f._, (bot.) jonquil. =jordonner=, _v.n._, to command, to dictate (loudly) (found in V. Hugo). =joseph=, _n.m._ _— papier_; silver-paper, tissue-paper. =jouable=, _adj._, playable. =jouail=, _n.m._ _V._ =jas=. *=jouailler=, _v.n._, to play for amusement. =joubarbe=, _n.f._, (bot.) sengreen; house-leek. =joue=, _n.f._, cheek. _Coucher_, _mettre_, _en —_; to aim at, to take aim at. _En —!_ (milit.) present! =joué=, =-e=, _part._, played; mocked, made game of. _On m’a —_; I have been made game of, a fool of. _Pièce touchée, pièce —e_; (at draughts, etc.) if you touch your piece, you must move it. =jouée=, _n.f._, (arch.) reveal. =jouer=, _v.a._, to play; to stake; to move; to perform, to act; to feign, to imitate; to make game of, to deceive. _— une partie_; to play a game. _Ne — que l’honneur_; to play for love. _— quelque chose_; to play for something. _— quelqu’un_; to make a fool of any one. _— un tour à quelqu’un_; to play any one a trick. _— une comédie_; to act a comedy. _— un rôle_; to play a part. _— la comédie_; to act a sham part. _— un air sur le violon_; to play a tune on the violin. _Ce papier joue le velours_; this paper looks like velvet. _se_ =jouer=, _v.r._, to sport, to play, to make game of, to baffle; to make light of. _Se — de quelqu’un_; to make a fool of any one. _La fortune se joue des hommes_; fortune makes sport of mankind. _Se — à quelqu’un_; to meddle with any one who is more than one’s match. =jouer=, _v.n._, to play, to sport; to trifle; to run the risk; to explode (mine); to speculate (on the funds); to work, to work loose (mec.). _— aux cartes_; to play at cards. _À qui à —?_ whose turn is it to play? _C’est à moi à —_; it is my turn to play. _— au volant_; to play at shuttle-cock. _— à jeu sûr_; to play without risk. _— au plus sûr_; to play a safe game. _— au plus fin_; to vie in cunning with. _— à quitte ou double_; to play double or quits. _— de son reste_; to stake one’s all. _— de malheur_; to be unfortunate, to have a run of ill-luck. _— de bonheur_; to be lucky. _Il joue à se faire tuer_; he ventures his life. _— du violon_; to play upon the violin. _Faire —_; to set going. _Ils jouent bien au billard_; they are good at billiards. _— des talons_; to take to one’s heels. _— des gobelets_; to juggle. _Ne — que pour l’honneur_; to play for love. =jouet=, _n.m._, plaything, toy; laughing-stock; jest; sport. _Être le — de la fortune_; to be the sport of fortune. =joueu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, player; gamester, gambler. _Mauvais — de violon_; cat-gut scraper. _Beau —_; good-natured player. _Mauvais —_; bad-tempered player. _— à la baisse_; (exchange language) bear. _— à la hausse_; (exchange language) bull. =joufflu=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, chubby, chubby-cheeked person. =joug= (joog), _n.m._, yoke; bondage, slavery. _Mettre les bœufs au —_; to yoke the oxen. _S’affranchir du —_, or _secouer le —_; to shake off the yoke. _Briser le —_; to throw off the yoke. _Atteler au —_; to yoke. =jouière= _or_ =jouillère=, _n.f._, side-wall (of a lock). =jouir=, _v.n._, to enjoy, to revel in, to possess, to be in possession of. _— de l’embarras de quelqu’un_; to revel in any one’s embarrassment. _Les animaux jouissent de la faculté de_; animals possess the faculty of. _Il est si occupé qu’on n’en peut — un instant_; he is so busy that one cannot have a minute’s conversation with him. _Faire —_; to give pleasure, to please, to delight; to put in possession of. _Cela ne vous fait pas —_; that’s anything but pleasant. =jouissance=, _n.f._, enjoyment, gratification, satisfaction; fruition, possession; (fin.) interest payable; use (of a garden, house). =jouissant=, =-e=, _adj._, enjoying, in full possession of. =joujou=, _n.m._, plaything, toy. _Faire —_; to play. =jour=, _n.m._, day, daytime, daylight, light; gap, opening; facility, means. _À court —_; short-dated (of bills). _À long —_; long-dated. _A chaque — suffit sa peine_; sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof. _À la pointe du —_; at break of day. _—s caniculaires_; dog-days. _Le — et la nuit_; day and night. _Il commence à faire —_; it begins to be light. _Petit —_; morning twilight. _Il fait —_; it is daylight. _Grand —_; broad daylight. _Le — baisse_; dusk is coming on. _À la chute du —_; at nightfall. _Demi-—_; twilight, half light. _Il est — chez lui_; he is up and about. _En plein —_; in broad daylight. _Brûler le —_; to shut out the daylight. _Donner le — à_; to give birth to. _Voir le —_; to see the light; to come to light. _Mettre au —_; to bring to light. _Se faire —_; to make one’s way. _Tôt ou tard la vérité se fait —_; sooner or later truth will out. _Tous les —s_; every day. _De nos —s_; in our time, at present. _Un — ou l’autre_; some day or other. _Du — que_; since the day when. _Quinze —s_; a fortnight. _Un — de fête_; a holiday. _— de l’an_; new-year’s day. _— ouvrier_, _ouvrable_; working-day. _— gras_; flesh-day. _— maigre_; fish-day. _Les —s gras_; shrove-tide. _Donner_, _souhaiter_, _le bon — à quelqu’un_; to wish any one good morning, to pay one’s respects to any one. _Être de —_; to be on duty. _Être à —_; to be up to time, up to date. _Il donne tant par —_; he gives so much a day. _Il me remet de — en —_; he puts me off from day to day. _Je l’attends de — en —_; I expect him every day. _Mourir plein de —s_; to die full of years. _Vivre au — la journée_, _vivre au — le —_; to live from hand to mouth. _Bon —, bonne œuvre_; the better the day, the better the deed. _À chaque — suffit sa peine_; sufficient for the day is the evil thereof. _Ce n’est pas tous les —s fête_; Christmas comes but once a year. _Faire du — la nuit_; to turn day into night. _C’est le — et la nuit_; they are as different as chalk and cheese. _Le goût du —_; the reigning fashion. _Être dans son bon —_; (paint.) to be in a good light; (fig.) to be on one’s good behavior. _Se mettre à tous les —s_; to make one’s self cheap. _L’auteur de vos jours_; the author of your being. _Si je vois — à cela_; if I can see through it. _À —_; open, in open work. _Broderie à —_; embroidery in open-work. _Mettre à —_; to bring up to date. _Prendre —_; to fix a day, to make an appointment. _Donner du —_; to give light; to let light in. _— pour —_; to the very day. _— de réception_; at-home day. =journal=, _n.m._, journal, diary; newspaper; (com.) day-book. _— nautique_; (nav.) log-book. _Tenir un —_; to keep a diary. =journali-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, daily; diurnal; uncertain, inconstant, fickle, capricious, changeable, not the same every day. _Cette femme est très —e_; this woman varies a great deal (in beauty). =journalier=, _n.m._, journeyman, day-laborer. =journalisme=, _n.m._, journalism. =journaliste=, _n.m._, _adj._, journalist, journalistic. =journée=, _n.f._, day; day’s work; day’s wages; day’s journey; battle, revolution, insurrection. _Toute la —_; all day long. _Travailler à la —_; to work by the day. _Homme de —_; day-laborer. _Femme de —_; charwoman. _À grandes —s_; by forced marches; by long stages. _À petites —s_; by short stages. _La — fut rude_; the battle was stubbornly fought. _Les —s de Juillet_, or _les trois —s_; the July insurrection, 1830 (27th, 28th, 29th July, 1830). =journellement= (-nèl-mān), _adv._, daily, every day. =joute=, _n.f._, joust, just, tilt, lists; match, debate. _— de coqs_; cock-fight. =jouter=, _v.n._, to joust, to tilt; to wrestle, to struggle; to argue, to dispute. =jouteur=, _n.m._, tilter; wrestler; antagonist, adversary. =jouvence=, _n.f._, (l.u.) youth. _Fontaine de Jouvence_; fountain of youth. =jouvenceau=, _n.m._, (jest.) lad, stripling, young fellow. =jouvencelle=, _n.f._, (jest.) lass, young girl, damsel. =jovial=, =-e=, _adj._, jovial, jocund, joyous, merry. =jovialement= (jo-vial-mān), _adv._, jovially, joyously, boisterously. =jovialité=, _n.f._, mirth, merriment, boisterous mirth. =joyau=, _n.m._, jewel. _—x de la couronne_; crown-jewels. =joyeusement= (joa-yeûz-mān), _adv._, cheerfully, joyfully, merrily. =joyeuseté= (joa-yeûz-té), _n.f._, joyfulness, merriment, joke, jest. =joyeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, joyful, merry, cheerful, mirthful; gladsome. =jube=, _n.f._, mane (of a lion or horse). =jubé=, _n.m._, (in churches) rood-loft _or_ screen. _Venir à —_; to come to terms, to yield; to knuckle under. =jubée=, _n.f._, (bot.) jubœa, coquito (palm). =jubilaire=, _adj._, of jubilee; (pers.) of fifty years’ standing. =jubilant=, =-e=, _adj._, jubilant, delighted. =jubilation=, _n.f._, jubilation, festivity, rejoicing. =jubilé=, _n.m._, jubilee; golden wedding. _Faire —_; (at play) to mix up the cards (so that there be neither winners nor losers). =jubilé=, _adj._, of fifty years’ standing. =jubiler=, _v.n._, to make merry, to exult. =jubis=, _n.m._, raisins. =juc=, _n.m._, roost, perch. _V._ =juchoir=. =juché=, =-e=, _part._, perched, roosted, roosting. _Cheval —_; (man.) boulet (horse). _V._ =boulet= and =bouleté=. =jucher=, _v.n._, to roost, to perch. _se_ =jucher=, _v.r._, to roost, to perch, to perch one’s self up. =juchoir=, _n.m._, roosting-place; perch. =judaïque=, _adj._, Judaical, Jewish. =judaïquement= (-ik-mān), _adv._, Judaically. =judaïsant=, _adj._, judaizing. =judaïser=, _v.n._, to judaize. =judaïsme=, _n.m._, Judaism. =judas=, _n.m._, Judas (treacherous person); peep-hole. _Baiser de —_; treacherous kiss. _Poil de —_; carroty, sandy hair. _Marques de —_; freckles. _Point de —_; number 13. =judasserie=, _n.f._, trickery, perfidy. =judelle=, _n.f._, (orni.) coot. =judicature=, _n.f._, judicature, magistracy. =judiciaire=, _adj._, judiciary, judicial, legal, forensic. =judiciaire=, _n.f._, judgment; sagacity; discretion. =judiciairement= (-èr-mān), _adv._, judicially, legally, by authority of justice. =judicieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, judiciously, considerately, discreetly. =judicieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, judicious, wise, discreet. =juge=, _n.m._, judge; justice. _— de paix_; justice of the peace. _— du camp_; stickler. _— d’instruction_; police magistrate. _Se constituer en — de_; to constitute one’s self a judge of. _De fou — briève sentence_; (proverb) a fool’s bolt is soon shot. =jugé=, =-e=, _part._, judged. _Bien —_; well judged. _Au —_, or _au juger_; at a guess. =jugeable= (ju-jabl), _adj._, amenable to a tribunal, to be tried. =jugement= (juj-mān), _n.m._, judgment, opinion, view; trial, sentence. _— par défaut_; judgment by default. _Mettre quelqu’un en —_; to put any one on his trial, to bring any one up for trial. _Rendre un —_; to deliver judgment. _Rendre un — contre_; to sentence. _Prononcer un —_; to give judgment, to pass sentence. _Subir un —_; to be under sentence. _Passer en —_; to be brought up for trial. _Mettre quelqu’un en —_; to indict any one. _Je me rends à votre —_; I bow to your judgment. =juger=, _v.a._, to judge; to conjecture, to think, to believe, to imagine; to try; to bring to trial; to sentence. _— à propos_; to think proper. _se_ =juger=, _v.r._, to judge one’s self; to deem, to think, one’s self; (jur.) to be tried, to be heard. _Vous en jugez-vous capable?_ do you think yourself equal to it? _Cette affaire se jugera demain_; (jur.) this case will be heard, will come on, tomorrow. =juger=, _v.n._, to judge; to pass sentence; to give judgment; to deem, to think. _— sur l’étiquette du sac_; to judge by the label; by appearances. _À en — par_; judging by. _Au —_; at a guess. _— d’autrui par soi-même_; to judge of others by one’s self. =juger=, _n.m._, judging, judgment; guessing, guess. =jugeu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, judger, judge of things. =jugulaire=, _adj._, (anat.) jugular. =jugulaire=, _n.f._, (anat.) jugular vein; chin-strap. =juguler=, _v.a._, to strangle; to torment; to cheat out of; to ruin; to dun. =jui-f=, =-ve=, _n._ and _adj._, Jew; Jewess; Jewish. _Le — errant_; the wandering Jew. *=juillet=, _n.m._, July. =juin=, _n.m._, June. =juiverie= (jui-vrî), _n.f._, jewry (Jews’ ward); set of Jews; Jew’s bargain _or_ trick. =jujube=, _n.m._, jujube. _Pâte de —_; jujube lozenges. =jujubier=, _n.m._, jujube-tree. =jule=, _n.m._, (ent.) iulus (coin); (bot.) catkin. =julep= (ju-lèp), _n.m._, julep. =julien=, =-ne= (-li-in, -è-n), _adj._, Julian. =julienne=, _n.f._, (bot.) rocket; (cook.) vegetable soup. =jumart=, _n.m._, jumart. =jume-au=, =-lle=, _n._ and _adj._, twin; (anat.) twin muscles; twin-born; twin; double (fruit). _Des cerises —lles_; double-cherries. _Frères —aux_; twin brothers. =jumelé=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) bar-gemel. =jumeler=, _v.a._, to strengthen with cheeks, to clamp, to join; to match (things). _— un mât_; (nav.) to fish _or_ clamp a mast. =jumelle=, _n.f._, twin. _—s de théâtre_; opera-glass. _—s de campagne_; field-glass; race-glass; (carp.) cheeks, side-beams; (her.) gemel; (nav.) fish clamp (of masts and yards). _—s de rechange_; (nav.) spare clamps. =jument=, _n.f._, mare. =jungle=, _n.f._, jungle. =junon=, _n.f._, (astron.) Juno. =junte=, _n.f._, junta (Spanish council). =jupe=, _n.f._, petticoat; skirt, kilt (of a gown). _— trotteur_; walking skirt. =jupiter= (-tèr), _n.m._, (astron.) Jupiter. =jupon=, _n.m._, short petticoat. _— de dessus_; upper-skirt. _— de dessous_; under-petticoat. =jurande=, _n.f._, wardenship (of a company); wardens. =jurassique=, _adj._, (geol.) Jurassic. =juratoire=, _adj._, by oath. =juré=, =-e=, _adj._, sworn. =juré=, _n.m._, juror, juryman; member of a board of examination. _Récuser un —_; to challenge a juror. _Messieurs les —s_; gentlemen of the jury. =jurement= (jur-mān), _n.m._, oath; swearing. _Proférer un —_; to utter an oath. =jurer=, _v.a._, to swear, to swear by, to vow; to take an oath of; to blaspheme; to protest, to vow, to promise. _se_ =jurer=, _v.r._, to swear to one another. _Nous nous jurâmes une éternelle amitié_; we swore eternal friendship to each other. =jurer=, _v.n._, to swear, to blaspheme; to contrast; to jar; to clash; not to match (of colors); to squeak _or_ screech (of musical instruments); to jar, to clash (of sound). _Il ne faut — de rien_; we must pin our faith to nothing; we never can tell. _Il jure comme un charretier_, or _grenadier_, or _païen_, or _crocheteur_; he swears like a trooper. =jureur=, _n.m._, swearer. =juridiction=, _n.f._, jurisdiction; tribunal; department, province. _Ce n’est pas de sa —_; it is not in his province. =juridictionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, jurisdictional. =juridique=, _adj._, legal, juridical, judicial. =juridiquement= (-dik-mān), _adv._, juridically, judicially. =jurisconsulte=, _n.m._, jurisconsult, lawyer. =jurisprudence=, _n.f._, jurisprudence. =juriste=, _n.m._, jurist. =juron=, _n.m._, oath. _Gros —_; tremendous oath. _Lâcher un —_; to rap out an oath. =jury=, _n.m._, jury; board of examiners, committee. _— mi-parti étranger_; party-jury. _Banc du —_; jury-box. _Chef du —_; foreman of the jury. _Former un tableau_, _une liste_, _du —_; to impanel a jury. _Juger par le —_; to try by jury. _Récuser un —_; to challenge a jury. _— de jugement_; petty jury. _— d’accusation_; grand jury. =jus=, _n.m._, juice; gravy; liquor. _Plein de —_; juicy. =jusant=, _n.m._, (nav.) ebb, ebb-tide. =jusée=, _n.f._, tan-liquor, tanning infusion. =jusque=, =jusques= (in poet. and st.e.), _prep._, to, even, as far as, till, until; down to; up to; the very. _Depuis Paris jusqu’à Londres_; from Paris to London. _Jusqu’au ciel_; to the skies. _Depuis le premier jusqu’au dernier_; from the first to the last. _Jusqu’à demain_; till to-morrow. _Jusqu’à quand?_ or _Jusques à quand?_ how long? till when? _Jusqu’à présent_; till now. _Jusqu’où?_ how far? _Jusqu’ici_; as far as here; till now; down to here. _—-là_; up to that time; up to that point; as far as there. _Jusqu’à ce que_; until. _Jusqu’à ce que cela soit fait_; till it be done. _Il a vendu jusqu’à sa chemise_; he has sold the very shirt off his back. _Il n’est pas jusqu’aux enfants qui ne l’adorent_; the very children adore him. =jusquiame=, _n.f._, henbane. =jussion=, _n.f._, royal command, order. ☉=justaucorps= (-kor), _n.m._, jerkin, jacket, vest. =juste=, _adj._, just, equitable, legitimate, lawful, appropriate; apposite; right; upright, righteous; true, apt, fit, proper, exact; tight. _— Dieu!_ _— ciel!_ good God! just heaven! _Un homme —_; a righteous man. _Vos souliers sont trop —s_; your shoes are too tight. _Ma montre est —_; my watch is right. _Au plus — prix_; at the lowest figure. =juste=, _n.m._, upright man, virtuous man; what is just. _La science du —_; the knowledge of what is just. =juste=, _adv._, just, exactly, accurately, precisely; (mus.) true. _Chanter —_; to sing true, in time, in tune. _Il raisonne —_; he reasons closely. _Au —_; exactly, precisely, just. _Comme de —_; rightly enough, of course, naturally. _Tout —_; only just enough. =justement=, _adv._, justly, honestly, precisely, exactly, reasonably. =justesse=, _n.f._, justness, accuracy, exactness; appropriateness, precision, propriety, sense. _Avec —_; with precision; accurately, appropriately. =justice=, _n.f._, justice; righteousness; probity, integrity; jurisdiction; fairness; impartiality, reason; courts of justice; execution; gibbet, gallows. _Faire — à_; to do justice to. _Rendre — à_; to do justice to. _Rendre la —_; to administer justice. _Se faire — à soi-même_; to take the law into one’s own hands. _Cour de —_; court of law, of judicature. _Appeler_, _citer_, _traduire_, _poursuivre quelqu’un en —_; to sue at law, to proceed against. _Déni de —_; refusal of justice. _La — de paix_; court of the justice of the peace. _Que — soit faite_; let execution be done. _Faire — de_; to punish, to expose, to be avenged on; to refute, _or_ confute; to do away with; to sweep away. _Se faire rendre —_; to obtain justice. =justiciable=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, person amenable to a tribunal; amenable. _Devenir le — de_; to come under the jurisdiction of. =justicier=, _v.a._, to punish corporally; to execute; to lash. =justicier=, _n.m._, justiciary; judge; lover of justice. =justifiable=, _adj._, justifiable; warrantable. =justifiant=, =-e=, _adj._, justifying. =justifiablement=, _adv._, warrantably, justifiably. =justificati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, justificative, documentary. _Pièce —ve_; proof, voucher, documentary evidence. =justification=, _n.f._, justification, vindication, proof; (print.) justification, length of line. =justifier=, _v.a._, to justify, to vindicate, to prove, to make good; (print.) to justify; to clear. _se_ =justifier=, _v.r._, to justify, to clear, to vindicate, one’s self. =justifier=, _v.n._, (print.) to justify. =jute=, _n.m._, jute. =juteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, juicy. =juvénile=, _adj._, juvenile, youthful. =juvénilement= (-nil-mān), _adv._, boyishly, childishly, in a juvenile manner. =juvénilité=, _n.f._, youth, youthfulness. =juxtaposer=, _v.a._, to place side by side. _se_ =juxtaposer=, _v.r._, to be in juxtaposition. =juxtaposition= (juks-ta), _n.f._, juxtaposition. K =k=, _n.m._, the eleventh letter of the alphabet, k. =kabak=, _n.m._, public-house (in Russia). =kahouanne=, _n.f._, loggerhead turtle. =kaïmac=, _n.m._, (_—s_) sherbet. =kaiserlick=, _n.m._, imperial, Austrian. =kakatoès=, _n.m._, (orni.) cockatoo. _V._ =cacatois=. =kaléidoscope=, _n.m._, kaleidoscope. ☉=kalendes=, _n.f.pl._ _V._ =calendes=, kalends. =kali=, _n.m._, (bot.) kali. =kamichi= (-shi), _n.m._, (orni.) horned-screamer. =kan=, _n.m._, khan. =kandjar= _or_ =kangiar=, _n.m._, (_—s_) dagger. =kanguroo= _or_ =kangourou= (-goo-roo), _n.m._, (mam.) kangaroo. =kantisme=, _n.m._, Kantism. =kantiste=, _n.m._, Kantist. =kaolin=, _n.m._, porcelain clay; china-clay. =karabé=, _n.m._ _V._ =carabé=. =karat=, _n.m._ _V._ =carat=. =karata=, _n.m._, (bot.) a variety of aloe. =kari=, _n.m._, a kind of spice. =katakoua=, _n.m._ _V._ =kakatoès=. =keepsake=, _n.m._, keepsake. =képi=, _n.m._, military cap; cap. =kermès= (-mès), _n.m._, (ent.) kermes; (chem.) kermes-mineral. =kermesse=, _n.f._, a country fair (in the Netherlands). =kérosène=, _n.m._, kerosene. =ketch=, _n.m._, (nav.) ketch, lugger. =khédive=, _n.m._, (_—s_) Khedive, viceroy of Egypt. =kilo=, _n.m._, (ab. of _kilogramme_) kilo. =kilogramme=, _n.m._, kilogram (2·2055 lbs. avoirdupois). =kilolitre=, _n.m._, kilolitre (220·09668 gallons). =kilomètre=, _n.m._, kilometer (1093·6389 yards). =kilométrique=, _adj._, kilometric. =kilostère=, _n.m._, kilostere (1000 stères). =king=, _n.m._, king (sacred book of the Chinese). =kinine=, _n.f._ _V._ =quinine=. =kino=, _n.m._, (pharm.) kino. =kiosque=, _n.m._, kiosk, news-stall. =kirsch-wasser=, _n.m._, kirschwasser. =klephte=, _n.m._ _V._ =clephte=. =knout= (knoot), _n.m._, knout. =knouter=, _v.a._, to knout. =kola=, _n.m._, kola (bean). =kolao=, _n.m._, high mandarin (in China). =kopeck=, _n.m._, (_—s_) kopeck (Russian coin worth about half a penny). =koran=, _n.m._, Koran. _V._ =coran=. =kouan=, _n.m._, (bot.) cochineal, cochineal-fig. =kremlin= (krèm-lin), _n.m._, Kremlin (the palace of the czars at Moscow). =kreutzer= (-zèr), _n.m._, kreutzer (German coin). =kurtchis=, _n.m.pl._, a Persian cavalry corps. =kymrique=, _adj._ _V._ =cymrique=. =kynancie=, _n.f._, (med.). _V._ =cynancie=. =kyrielle=, _n.f._, litany; (fig.) string (long list of words); long tedious story. =kyste=, _n.m._, (med.) cyst, cystis. =kystique=, _adj._, (med.) cystic. =kystotome=, _n.m._, (surg.) _V._ =cystotome=. =kystotomie=, _n.f._, (surg.). _V._ =cystotomie=. L =l=, _n.m.f._, the twelfth letter of the alphabet, l. =l’=, _art._, (contraction of _le_ and _la_) the. _V._ =le=. =l’=, _pron._, (contraction of _le_ and _la_) him, her, it. =la=, _art.f._, the. _V._ =le=. =la=, _pron._, her, it. _V._ =le=. =là=, _adv._, there, thither, then (of time). _—-bas_; down there. _—-haut_; above, up there. _Cà et —_; here and there, up and down, all about. _—-dessus_; on there; upon that; thereupon. _Mettez le livre —-dessus_; put the book on there. _—-dessus, il me dit_; upon that, _or_ thereupon, he said to me. _—-dessous_; under there. _— dedans_; within. _De —_; thence, from thence; from that time, from that cause. _Il n’est pas —_; he is not there, he is away. _Par —_; that way. _Jusque-—_; till then, till that time; as far as there. _Ce n’est pas — que je vise_; that is not the thing I am aiming at. _Celui-là_, _celle-là_; that. _Ceux-là_, _celles-là_; those. _— même_; in that very place. _D’ici —_; by that time, in the interval. _C’est —_; it is _or_ was there; there is, such is; that’s the place. _Ce sont —_; such are, those are. _— où_; where, there where. =là là=, _int._, now then! there! there now! =là là=, _adv._, so so, indifferently. =la=, _n.m._, (mus.) la; A. _Prendre le —_; to tune one’s instrument. =labarum= (-rom), _n.m._, labarum (standard). =labbe=, _n.f._, (orni.) skua gull. =labeur=, _n.m._, labor, work, toil; (print.) book-work. _Terres en —_; lands under cultivation. =labial=, =-e=, _adj._, labial. _Offres —es_; (jur.) offer to pay without showing the money. =labiale=, _n.f._, (gram.) labial. =labié=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) labiate, labiated. =labiée=, _n.f._, labiated plant. =labile=, _adj._, labile, bad; slippery, failing; (bot.) deciduous. _Mémoire —_; failing memory. =laboratoire=, _n.m._, laboratory. =laborieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, laboriously, painfully. =laborieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, laborious, industrious, hard-working, assiduous, toilsome, painful. =labour=, _n.m._, plowing, tillage, dressing. _Terres de —_; plowed lands. _Donner un — à une terre_; to till, to dress, a piece of ground. _Donner un — à une vigne_; to dress a vine. _Bœufs de —_; yoke-oxen. _Mettre en —_; to plow. =labourable=, _adj._, arable. =labourage=, _n.m._, tillage, husbandry; plowing, tilling. =labourer=, _v.a._, to plow, to till; to dig, to turn up; to rip up; to rip open; to toil through. =labourer=, _v.n._, to plow, to till; to drudge; to toil and moil; (nav.) to come home, to drag (of anchors); (of ships) to graze the bottom; (of horses) to stumble. =laboureur=, _n.m._, husbandman, plowman, tiller. =labre=, _n.m._, rock-fish. =labyrinthe=, _n.m._, labyrinth, maze. =labyrinthique=, _adj._, labyrinthic. =lac=, _n.m._, lake; (of rupees) lac. =laçage=, =lacement=, _n.m._, lacing. =lacé=, _n.m._, braid, beading. =lacer=, _v.a._, to lace; (nav.) to attach; to line (of dogs). _se_ =lacer=, _v.r._, to lace one’s self. =lacérable=, _adj._, lacerable, tearable. =lacération=, _n.f._, laceration. =lacéré=, =-e=, _part._, (bot.) lacerate, lacerated. =lacérer=, _v.a._, to lacerate, to tear; (jur.) to tear up, to destroy. =laceret=, _n.m._, small auger. =lacerne=, _n.f._, (antiq.) lacerna, a kind of cloak worn by the Romans. =laceron=, _n.m._, (bot.) sow-thistle. _V._ =laiteron=. =lacet=, _n.m._, lace; springe; braid; bow-string (to strangle); zigzags, windings, turnings of mountain-roads. _pl._, toils. _Ferrer un —_; to tag a lace. _Mouvement de —_; (rail.) oscillation. =lâche=, _adj._, loose, slack, lax; slothful, sluggish; faint-hearted; mean-spirited, dastardly; cowardly, base, mean, shameful. _Ce nœud est trop —_; this knot is too loose. =lâche=, _n.m._, coward, craven, dastard. =lâché=, =-e=, _part._, slackened, loose, loosened. =lâchement= (lâsh-mān), _adv._, sluggishly, slothfully; loosely, slackly; dastardly, cowardly, basely. =lâcher=, _v.a._, to slacken, to relax, to loose, to make loose, to loosen; to let go, to let slip, to cast off, to throw off; to let out, to unbind; to let loose, to release; to utter, to blurt out; to fire, to discharge; to turn on. _— la bride à un cheval_; to loosen the reins of a horse. _— pied_, _— le pied_; to retreat, to turn tail; to waver, to be irresolute. _— sa proie_; to let go one’s prey. _— un prisonnier_; to release a prisoner. _— prise_; to let go one’s hold. _— une arme à feu_; to fire off a gun. _— un soufflet à quelqu’un_; to give any one a box on the ear. _— une parole_, _— un mot_; to let out a word. _— le mot_, _la parole_; to speak the word. _— une bordée_; (nav.) to fire a broadside. _se_ =lâcher=, _v.r._, to slacken, to grow loose; to become loose, to slip; to go off; to let one’s tongue run riot, to let out. _Se — d’un cran_; to give the slip. =lâcher=, _v.n._, to slacken, to grow slack, to become slack, to grow loose, to become loose; to slip, to go off. _Si le fusil vient à —_; if the gun happens to go off. =lâcheté= (lâsh-té), _n.f._, cowardice, dastardliness, baseness; base action; meanness, act of cowardice. =lâcheur=, _n.m._, raftsman, wood-floater; (fig.) shabby, mean, cowardly fellow. =lacinié=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) laciniate, laciniated, jagged. =laciniure=, _n.f._, (bot.) jag. =lacis=, _n.m._, net-work; (anat.) plexus. =lack=, _n.m._, (_—s_) lac, lack. _Un — de roupies_; a lac of rupees (_i.e._, 100,000). =laconique=, _adj._, laconic, laconical. =laconiquement= (-nik-mān), _adv._, laconically; briefly, concisely. =laconisme=, _n.m._, laconism, laconicism. =lacrymal=, =-e=, _adj._, lachrymal. _Sac —_; (anat.) lachrymal bag. =lacrymatoire=, _n.m._, (Roman antiq.) lachrymatory. =lacrymatoire=, _adj._, (Roman antiq.) lachrymary. =lacs= (lâ), _n.m._, string, rope, tape, bow-string; gin, springe; (fig.) noose, toils. _— d’amour_; love-knot. =lactate=, _n.m._, (chem.) lactate. =lactation=, _n.f._, lactation. =lacté=, =-e=, _adj._, lacteal, milky, lacteous. _La voie —e_; (astron.) the Milky-Way. =lactescence=, _n.f._, lactescence. =lactescent=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) lactescent. =lactifère=, _adj._, lactiferous. =lactique=, _adj._, (chem.) lactic. =lactomètre=, _n.m._, lactometer. _V._ =galactomètre=. =lactucarium=, _n.m._, (pharm.) lettuce-opium. =lacune=, _n.f._, gap, deficiency, break, omission, hiatus; interruption, blank; desideratum; (bot.) air-cell, lacuna. =lacustre=, _adj._, lacustral, lacustrine. =ladanum=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) ladanum, gum-resin. =ladite=, _adj.f._, the same, the said. =ladre=, _adj._, leprous; measly (of pigs); insensible, unfeeling; mean, sordid, stingy, scurvy, scaly; niggardly; churlish. _Lièvre —_; fen-hare. =ladre=, _n.m._, =-sse=, _n.f._, leper; sordid person; scurvy person, shabby person, niggard, curmudgeon. _Maison de —s_; lazar-house. _Un vrai —_; a regular curmudgeon. _— vert_; sordid fellow, stingy churl. =ladrerie=, _n.f._, leprosy; measles; sordid avarice, stinginess, sordidness, scurviness, scaliness; lazar-house. =lady= (lè-di), _n.f._, (_English_) lady. =lagon=, _n.f._, lagoon. =lagope=, _n.m._, (bot.) hare-foot. =lagopède=, _n.m._, (orni.) ptarmigan. =lagostome=, _n.m._, (anat.) hare-lip. =lagune=, _n.f._, lagune, lagoon. =lai=, =-e=, _adj._, lay. =lai=, _n.m._, layman; lay (small poem); lay, complaint, lament. =laïc=. _V._ =laïque=. =laiche=, _n.f._, (bot.) sedge. =laid=, =-e=, _adj._, ugly, ill-favored, ill-looking; plain; unseemly, unhandsome, unbecoming. _— comme le péché_; as ugly as sin. _Ce que vous dites là est bien —_; what you say is very unseemly _or_ improper. =laid=, _n.m._, (the) ugly; ugly part, ugliness; ugly side; naughty boy. =laide=, _n.f._, plain girl; naughty girl. =laidement=, _adv._, uglily. =laideron= (lè-dron), _n.f._, ugly girl, ugly woman; ugly creature. =laideur=, _n.f._, ugliness, uncomeliness; plainness; deformity; unseemliness. =laie=, _n.f._, wild sow; path (in a forest); (mech.) stone-cutter’s hammer. =lainage=, _n.m._, woolen stuff, woolen goods; fleece; teasling. =laine=, _n.f._, wool; worsted. _— à broder_; Berlin wool. _— d’agneau_; lamb’s-wool. _Flocon de —_; flock of wool. _Bêtes à —_; wool-bearing animals. _Se laisser manger la — sur le dos_; to let one’s self be fleeced; to put up with everything. _De —_; woolen. _Manger la — sur le dos à quelqu’un_; to fleece, to cheat, any one. =lainer=, _v.a._, to tease, to teasel (wool). =lainerie= (lè-n-rî), _n.f._, woolen goods; woolens; place for shearing sheep; woolen-trade; wool-market; teaseling-shop. =laineu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, teaseler. _f._, gig (machine for teaseling wool). =laineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, woolly, fleecy; (bot.) downy, woolly; lanate, lanated. =laini-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, of wool, woolen. =lainier=, _n.m._, wool-stapler; wool-comber, wool-sorter. =laïque=, _n.m._ and _adj._, layman; lay, laic, laical. _Les —s_; the laity. =lais=, _n.m._, standard-tree; standard; alluvion; accretion. =laisse=, _n.f._, string; leash; slip; (hawking) lune. _— de lévriers_; leash of greyhounds. _Mener quelqu’un en —_; to hold any one in leading-strings, to lead any one by the nose. _En —_; in leash, leashed. =laissées=, _n.f.pl._, dung (of bears, wild boars). =laisser=, _v.a._, to leave, to quit, to desert, to abandon; to part with; to leave, to bequeath; to suffer, to permit, to let, to allow; to let alone; to omit; to leave off; to leave out; to give up. _— tout à l’abandon_; to leave everything in disorder. _— tout aller_; to neglect everything. _— tout traîner_; to let everything lie about in disorder, to keep nothing in its proper place. _— la vie à quelqu’un_; to spare any one’s life. _— quelqu’un en paix_, _en repos_; to let any one alone, to let any one be. _— là quelqu’un_; to leave any one in the lurch, to give up any one. _— là quelque chose_; to leave off, to discontinue, to give up, any thing. _— quelqu’un pour ce qu’il est_; to take no notice of, not to mind, a person. _Il y a à prendre et à — dans ces choses_; you must pick and choose among all these things. _Avoir le prendre ou le —_; to have the choice. _À prendre ou à laisser_; to be taken or left alone; take it or leave it. _— une chose à un certain prix_; to dispose of a thing for a certain price. _On n’a qu’à le — faire_; he only needs being let alone. Laissez donc! stuff, nonsense! _Laissez-moi donc tranquille!_ do leave me alone! stuff and nonsense! _Laissez-moi faire_; leave it _or_ him _or_ her to me. _— aller_; to let go. _— sortir_; to let out. _Cela ne laisse pas que d’être vrai_; it is true, nevertheless. _— à désirer_; room for improvement. _se_ =laisser=, _v.r._, to allow one’s self, to suffer one’s self. _Se — conduire_; to let one’s self be led. _Se — aller à ses passions_; to give one’s self up to one’s passions. _Se — tomber_; to let one’s self fall. _Se — mourir_; to die. _Se — aller à la tentation_; to give one’s self up to temptation. _Se — aller à la douleur_; to abandon one’s self to grief. _Se — lire_; to be readable, pleasant to read. _Se — manger_, _se — boire_; to be palatable. _Se — faire_; to offer no resistance. _Se — dire_; to allow one’s self to be told. _Se — prendre_; to allow one’s self to be taken _or_ to allow something to be taken from one. =laisser-aller=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) ease, freedom, unrestraint, negligence; indulgence, indolence; unconstraint. =laisser-courre=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) (hunt.) starting-place (where the dogs are loosed). =laisser-faire=, =laissez faire=, _n.m._, non-intervention, non-interference. =laissez-passer=, =laisser-passer=, _n.m._, (_—_) permit, leave, permission, permit for transit. =lait=, _n.m._, milk, milk-duct; white, glair (of eggs). _Fièvre de —_; milk-fever. _Frère de —_; foster-brother. _Sœur de —_; foster-sister. _Cochon de —_; sucking-pig. _Petit-—_, (_n.p._), _— clair_; whey. _— coupé_; milk and water. _— de beurre_; buttermilk. _— de poule_; mulled egg, egg-flip. _— écrémé_; skim-milk. _Gros —_; curd. _Être au —_; to be made with milk; to be restricted to milk diet. _Vache à —_; dairy-cow, milch cow. _Bouillir du — à quelqu’un_; to please, to pamper, any one. _— de chaux_; whitewash. _Riz au —_; rice milk. =laitage=, _n.m._, milk food. _Régime de —_; milk diet. =laitance= _or_ =laite=, _n.f._, (ich.) milt, melt, soft roe; lime-wash, whitewash. =laité=, =-e=, _adj._, soft-roed. =laitée=, _n.f._, litter (of a bitch). _V._ =portée=. =laiterie= (lè-trî), _n.f._, dairy; dairy-room; dairy-farm, milk-farm. =laiteron= (lè-tron), _n.m._, (bot.) sow-thistle; hare’s-lettuce. =laiteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, lacteous, milky. =laitier= (-tié), _n.m._, (metal.) dross; slag, clinkers. _— des volcans_; fragments of lava. =laitier= (-tié), _n.m._, milkman. =laitière=, _n.f._, milkwoman, milkmaid, dairy-maid; milch cow; woman with a great deal of milk. _Cette vache est une bonne —_; this cow gives a great deal of milk. =laitière=, _adj._, milch, yielding milk (of cows). _Vache —_; milch cow. =laiton=, _n.m._, latten, brass. _Fil de —_; brass wire. =laitue=, _n.f._, (bot.) lettuce. _— pommée_; cabbage-lettuce. _— romaine_; cos-lettuce. _— de mer_; oyster-green. =laize=, _n.f._, width (of cloth, etc.). =lakiste=, _n.m._, _adj._, lakist, lake-poet. _—s_; lakists, lake school. =là là=, _adv._ _V._ =là=. =là là!= _int._ _V._ =là=. =lama=, _n.m._, Lama (of the Tartars). =lama= _or_ =llama=, _n.m._, (mam.) lama (goat). =lamanage=, _n.m._, harbor-pilotage. =lamaneur=, _n.m._, harbor-pilot. =lamantin=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) _V._ =lamentin=. =lambdoïde=, _adj._, (anat.) lambdoidal. =lambeau=, _n.m._, rag, tatter; shred, strip, fragment, scrap; remains (of flesh); bit. _Mettre en —x_; to tear into rags. =lambel=, _n.m._, (her.) label. =lambin=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, loiterer, dawdler; slowcoach, slow, dawdling. =lambiner=, _v.n._, to linger, to loiter, to dawdle, to trifle, to dilly-dally. =lambourde=, _n.f._, (carp.) joist; (mas.) soft stone. =lambourder=, _v.a._, to joist. =lambrequins=, _n.m.pl._, (her.) mantling; (arch.) scallop; valance, hanging fringe. =lambris=, _n.m._, paneling; wainscot; ceiling; dado, canopy; (poet. st.e.) mansion, palace; sumptuous decoration of a mansion. _— feint_; imitation paneling. =lambrissage=, _n.m._, wainscoting, paneling. =lambrisser=, _v.a._, to panel; to wainscot. =lambruche= _or_ =lambrusque=, _n.f._, (bot.) wild vine, fox grape. =lame=, _n.f._, plate, sheet (metal.); (anat.) lamina; blade; sword, swordsman; (nav.) billow, surge, wave; (pers.) hussy, jade, blade; (bot.) gill; wire (of gold, of silver). _Fine —_; sly hussy (of a woman). _Entre deux —s_; in the trough of the sea. _Emporté par une —_; washed away. _— de fond_; ground-swell. _La — use le fourreau_; the steel wears away the scabbard; the mind wears out the body. _Bonne —_; good swordsman. =lamé=, =-e=, _adj._, laminated. =lamelle=, _n.f._, lamella. =lamellé=, =-e=, _adj._ _V._ =lamelleux=. =lamelleu-x=, =-se= (la-mèl-leû), _adj._, lamellated, lamellar; scaly. =lamentable=, _adj._, lamentable, woeful; mournful, rueful, sad, distressing. =lamentablement=, _adv._, lamentably, mournfully, woefully, ruefully. =lamentation=, _n.f._, lamentation, bewailing, wailing; lament, whining. =lamenter=, _v.a._, to lament, to bewail, to bemoan, to mourn, to mourn over. _se_ =lamenter=, _v.r._, to lament, to mourn, to moan, to bewail, to whine. =lamenter=, _v.n._, (l.u.) to lament. =lamentin=, _n.m._, lamantin, sea-cow, sea-maid, mermaid, manatee. =lamie=, _n.f._, (antiq., ent.) lamia; (ich.) white shark. =lamier=, _n.m._, foil-maker; (bot.) dead-nettle; archangel. =laminage=, _n.m._, (metal.) flattening (of gold); rolling. =laminer=, _v.a._, (metal.) to flatten (of gold); to roll. =laminerie=, _n.f._, (metal.) rolling-mills. _V._ =laminoir=. =lamineur=, _n.m._, (metal.) flattener, roller. =lamineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._ _V._ =cellulaire=. =laminoir=, _n.m._, (metal.) flattening-mill, rolling-mill. =lampadaire=, _n.m._, lamp-post, sconce; (antiq.) torch-bearer. =lampadiste=, _n.m._, (antiq.) lampadist. =lampadophore=, _n.m._, (antiq.) torch-bearer. =lampas= (-pâss), _n.m._, (vet.) lampas (horse disease); silk damask, figured silk. _S’humecter le —_; to wet one’s whistle (pop.). =lampassé=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) langued. =lampe=, _n.f._, lamp, light. _— d’Argand_; Argand lamp. _— d’argent_; silver lamp. _— de sûreté_, _— de Davy_; safety-lamp. _— à esprit de vin_; spirit-lamp. _Dessous de —_; lamp-stand. _Arranger une —_; to trim a lamp. _Sentir la —_; to smell of the lamp, of the midnight oil. _Culs de —s_; (print.) tail-pieces. =lampée=, _n.f._, (pop.) tumblerful, bumper. =lamper=, _v.a._ and _n._, (pop.) to toss off (drink); (of the sea) to phosphoresce, to be phosphorescent. =lamperon= (lanp-ron), _n.m._, wick-holder. =lampette=, _n.f._, (bot.) corn-cockle. =lampion=, _n.m._, grease-pot, illumination-lamp; church-lamp; (pop.) three-cornered hat, cocked hat. =lampiste=, _n.m._, lamp-maker; lamp-lighter. =lampisterie=, _n.f._, lamp-room. *=lamprillon=, _n.m._ _V._ =lamproyon=. =lamproie=, _n.f._, lamprey. =lamproyon=, _n.m._, young lamprey. =lampsane=, _n.f._, (bot.) nipple-wort. =lampyre=, _n.m._, lampyris, glow-worm. =lançage= _or_ =lancement=, _n.m._, darting, throwing; (nav.) launch, launching. =lance=, _n.f._, lance, spear; staff; flagstaff; nozzle (of a fire-hose). _Rompre une — pour quelqu’un_; to take up the cudgels for any one. _Baisser la —_; to strike one’s flag, to give in. =lancéolaire=, _adj._, (bot.) lanceolate, lanceolated, lance-shaped (of leaves). =lancéolé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) lanceolate. =lancer=, _v.a._, to dart, to fling, to hurl, to throw, to cast, to launch; to shoot, to shoot forth; to issue (a warrant). _— un javelot_; to dart a javelin. _— une pierre_; to fling a stone. _— un regard de colère_; to dart an angry look. _— des regards_; to cast looks. _— une flèche_; to shoot an arrow. _— un cheval_; to push on a horse. _— un vaisseau_; to launch a ship. _— un arrêt_; to issue a warrant _or_ fiat. _se_ =lancer=, _v.r._, to dart, to spring; to rush, to make a rush; to launch; to start; to fly; (fig.) to make a start. _Se — dans les affaires_; to launch out (into business). =lancer=, _v.n._, (of a ship) to yaw, to sheer. =lancette=, _n.f._, (surg.) lancet. _Donner un coup de —_; to lance. =lanceur=, _n.m._, pushing fellow. _— d’affaires_; company promoter, speculator. =lanceuse=, _n.f._, procuress, go-between. =lancier=, _n.m._, (milit.) lancer. =lancière=, _n.f._, waste-gate (of a mill-dam). =lancinant=, =-e=, _adj._, shooting (of pain). =lançoir=, _n.m._, mill-gate (of water-mills). =landamman=, _n.m._, landamman (Swiss magistrate). =landau=, _n.m._, (landaus), landau. =lande=, _n.f._, waste land, moor, heath, common. =landgrave=, _n.m._, landgrave. =landgraviat=, _n.m._, landgraviate. =landgravine=, _n.f._, landgravine. =landier=, _n.m._, kitchen fire-dog, andiron. =landière=, _n.f._, booth, stall (erected on commons). =landwehr=, _n.f._, (_—s_) landwehr. =laneret= (la-n-rè), _n.m._, (orni.) lanneret, shrike. =langage=, _n.m._, language, tongue, speech, diction; talk, words, style, expression. _Changer de —_; to change one’s tone. _Ils tiennent tous le même —_; they all say the same thing. =lange=, _n.m._, swaddling-cloth. _pl._, swaddling-clothes, swaddling bands. =langoureusement= (-reûz-mān), _adv._, languishingly. =langoureu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, pining, languishing, melancholy. _n.m._, languishing lover. =langouste=, _n.f._, spiny lobster, crawfish. =langue= (lāng), _n.f._, tongue; language; neck, tongue, strip (of land). _Une mauvaise —_; a slanderous tongue. _C’est une mauvaise —_; he, she, is a tale-bearer. _Tirer la —_; to put out one’s tongue; (fig.) to be in distress. _Avoir la — liée_; to be tongue-tied. _Avoir la — bien pendue_; to have the gift of the gab. _Avoir la — grasse_; to speak thick. _Avoir la — trop longue_; not to be able to hold one’s tongue. _Avoir un mot sur le bout de la —_; to have a word on the tip of one’s tongue. _La — lui a fourché_; his, her, tongue tripped. _Prendre —_; to obtain intelligence of what is going on, to make inquiries. _Coup de —_; backbiting, sarcasm. _Donner des coups de — à_; to slander, to cast reflections on. _Jeter sa — aux chiens_; to give up guessing. _Votre énigme est trop difficile, je jette ma — aux chiens_; your riddle is too difficult, I give it up. _Beau parler n’écorche point la —_; civility costs nothing. _— vivante_; living language. _— morte_; dead language. _— vulgaire_; vulgar tongue. _Maître de —s_; teacher of languages. _Quelle —!_ what a tongue he, she has! _Sa — va toujours_; his or her tongue never stops. _Faire la — à quelqu’un_; to give any one his cue. =langue-de-serpent=, _n.f._, (_—s-—_) (bot.) serpent’s-tongue, adder’s tongue; (geol.) serpent’s-tongue, petrified fish teeth. =languette= (-ghèt), _n.f._, tongue, strip, valve; partition (thing shaped like a tongue); key (of musical instruments); index (of a balance). =langueur= (-gheur), _n.f._, languidness, languor, weakness, weariness. _pl._, debility. _Maladie de —_; lingering illness; decline. =langueyer= (-ghé-ié), _v.a._, to examine the tongue of a hog. _— des valets_; (fig.) to pump servants (so as to get at their masters’ secrets). =langueyeur= (-ghè-ieur), _n.m._, examiner of hogs’ tongues. =languier= (-ghiè), _n.m._, smoked hog’s tongue. =languir= (-ghir), _v.n._, to languish, to linger, to pine, to pine away, to droop, to be sickly, to fade; to flag. _— de misère_; to languish in misery. _— d’amour_; to pine away for love. _La conversation languit_; the conversation flags. _Ne nous faites pas —_; don’t keep us waiting; or out with it. =languissamment= (-ghi-sa-mān), _adv._, languishingly, droopingly, lingeringly. =languissant=, =-e=, _adj._, languid, languishing, lingering, pining, drooping, sickly, fading; (com.) dull. =lanice=, _adj._, of wool. _Bourre —_; flock of wool. =lanier=, _n.m._, (orni.) lanner, lanneret, shrike. =lanière=, _n.f._, thong, lash. =lanifère=, _adj._, lanigerous, laniferous. =lanigère=, _adj._ _V._ =lanifère=. =laniste=, _n.m._, (antiq.) lanista. =lansquenet= (lans-kĕ-nè), _n.m._, lansquenet (card game); German foot soldier. =lantanier=, _n.m._, (bot.) lantana. =lanter=, _v.a._, to emboss, to chase (copper ware). =lanterne=, _n.f._, lantern; (arch.) lantern, lantern-tower, lantern-light; spy-place; (mec.) lantern-wheel; trundle; assay-balance; glass-case. _pl._, fooleries; idle stories, nonsense. _— sourde_; dark-lantern. _— magique_; magic-lantern. _Il veut faire croire que des vessies sont des —s_; he would have one believe that the moon is made of green cheese. _Mettre à la —_; to hang up at the lamp-post, to lynch (French revolution). _À la —!_ to the lamp-post with him, her, them! lynch him! =lanterner=, _v.n._, to dally, to trifle, to shuffle, to trifle away one’s time; to be irresolute. =lanterner=, _v.a._, to trifle with, to make a fool of; to put off; to bore. =lanternerie=, _n.f._, irresolution; trifling; dallying; shuffling; nonsense. =lanterni-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, trifler, babbler; (l.u.) lantern-maker, lamplighter. =lantiponnage=, _n.m._, nonsense, stuff, rigmarole, twaddle. =lantiponner=, _v.a.n._, to talk nonsense; to talk stuff and nonsense to; to bother any one. =lanturelu= _or_ =lanturlu=, _adv._, stuff! fudge! fiddle-sticks! _Il lui a répondu —_; stuff and nonsense! he said to him. =lanugineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, lanuginous, downy. =lapement=, _n.m._, lapping. =laper=, _v.a.n._, to lap, to lick up. =lapereau= (la-prô), _n.m._, young rabbit. =lapidaire=, _n.m._, lapidary. =lapidation=, _n.f._, lapidation, stoning. =lapider=, _v.a._, to lapidate, to stone to death, to pelt with stones; (fig.) to tear to pieces. =lapidification=, _n.f._, lapidification. =lapidifier=, _v.a._, to lapidify. _se_ =lapidifier=, _v.r._, to lapidify, to become lapidified. =lapidifique=, _adj._, lapidific. =lapin=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, rabbit, buck-rabbit; doe-rabbit. _Monter en —_; to ride beside the driver, _or_ on the box. _— de clapier_; tame rabbit. _— de garenne_; wild rabbit. =lapis= _or_ =lapis lazuli= (-pis), _n.m._, (_—_) lapis lazuli. =lapon=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, Laplander. =laps= (laps), _n.m._, lapse (of time). =laps=, =-e=, _adj._, lapsed, fallen. _— et relaps_; fallen back into heresy. =lapsus=, _n.m._, slip (of the tongue). _— calami_; slip of the pen. _— linguæ_; slip of the tongue. =laquais= (la-kê), _n.m._, lackey, footman, flunkey. =laque=, _n.f._, lac, lake. _Gomme —_; gum-lac. _— en bâtons_; stick-lac. _— en grain_; seed-lac. =laque=, _n.m._, lacker. _Vernis —_; japan. =laquelle=, _pron._ _f._, which, who, that. =laquer=, _v.a._, to lacquer, to varnish, to japan. =laquet=, _n.m._, lakelet, little lake. =laqueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, of the nature of lac; lake-colored. =larcin=, _n.m._, larceny; theft, pilfering; robbery; plagiarism. _Faire un —_; to commit a theft. _Faire un doux —_; to steal a kiss. =lard= (lâr), _n.m._, bacon, pork, pig’s fat. _Flèche de —_; flitch of bacon. _Tranche de —_; rasher of bacon. _Il fait du —_; he grows fat (by sleeping). =larder=, _v.a._, to lard, to stick; to interlard; to run through, to pierce. _— un discours de citations_; to interlard a speech with quotations. _— de coups d’épée_; to run through with a sword. _— de la viande_; to lard meat. =lardoire=, _n.f._, larding-needle _or_ pin. =lardon=, _n.m._, thin slice of bacon; joke, cut, jest, jibe. =lare= (lâr), _n.m._, (myth.) Lar, household god. _pl._, (fig.) fireside, hearth. =large=, _adj._, broad, wide, large; great, grand; extensive, liberal, ample, generous, easy; lax, loose. =large=, _n.m._, breadth, width; (nav.) offing, open sea. _Porter au —_; (nav.) to bear off from the land. _Au —!_ keep off! _Gagner le —_; _courir au —_; _prendre le —_; to stand out to sea, to put out to sea. _Pousser au —_; to put off, to push off; to sheer off. _Cette rue a soixante pieds de —_; this street is sixty feet wide. _Au —_; spaciously, abroad, comfortably, at one’s ease, well off; (_int._) keep off! _Être au —_; to be abroad, to be at one’s ease. _Être logé au —_; to have a great deal of room. _Au long et au —_; in length and width, far and wide. _De long en —_; to and fro; backwards and forwards; up and down. =large=, _adv._, wide; grandly; largely. _Ce cheval va trop —_; that horse goes too wide. =largement=, _adv._, largely, abundantly, amply, fully, plentifully, grandly, liberally. =largesse=, _n.f._, largess, liberality, bounty, munificence, gratuity, fee. _Faire des —s_; to be liberal. _Pièces de —_; largess money; dole. =largeur=, _n.f._, breadth, width; wideness, broadness. =larghetto= (-ghèt-tô), _adv._, (mus.) larghetto. =largo=, _adv._, (mus.) largo. =largue= (larg), _n.m._, (l.u.) (nav.) offing, open sea. =largue=, _adj._, (nav.) slack, large; flowing. _Ecoutes —s_; (nav.) flowing sheets. _Vent —_; leading wind, side wind, wind on the quarter. _Porter_ or _courir —_; (nav.) to sail large. =larguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, (nav.) to cast off; to let run (ropes); to let out (reefs). =larigot=, _n.m._, ☉flute, flageolet. _Boire à tire-—_; to drink hard. =larix= (la-riks), _n.m._ _V._ =mélèze=. =larmaire=, _adj._, (bot.) tear-shaped. =larme=, _n.f._, tear; drop. _Pleurer à chaudes —s_; to shed bitter tears; to weep bitterly. _Verser des —s_; to shed tears. _Fondre en —s_; to melt into tears. _À chaudes —s_; bitterly. _Avoir le don des —s_; to have tears at command. =larmier=, _n.m._, (arch.) larmier, corona, drip-stone; coping; eye-vein (of the horse). =larmières=, _n.f.pl._, _or_ =larmiers=, _n.m.pl._, tear-pit (of the stag). =larmoiement= (-moa-mān), _n.m._, watering of the eyes. =larmoyant=, =-e=, _adj._, weeping, in tears, lachrymose, whining, whimpering; (fig.) pathetic, tragic. =larmoyer=, _v.n._, to cry, to shed tears, to whine, to whimper; to water (of the eyes). =larmoyeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, weeper, whimperer, whiner. =larron=, _n.m._, thief; (print.) bite; (book-bind.) leaf folded in and not cut. _S’entendre comme —s en foire_; to be as thick as thieves. _L’occasion fait le —_; opportunity makes the thief. =larronneau=, _n.m._, little thief; pilferer. =larronnesse=, _n.f._, a female thief. =larve=, _n.f._, (ent.) larva, grub, worm, caterpillar. =larves=, _n.f.pl._, (antiq.) ghosts, specters, hobgoblins. =laryngé=, =-e=, _adj._, laryngean. =laryngien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, laryngean. =laryngite=, _n.f._, (med.) laryngitis. =laryngotomie=, _n.f._, (surg.) laryngotomy. =larynx= (la-rinks), _n.m._, (anat.) larynx. =las!= (lâ) _int._, alas! =las=, =-se=, _adj._, tired, weary, fatigued. _— de travailler_; tired of working. _Un — d’aller_; a lazy fellow. _Faire quelque chose de guerre —se_; to do a thing for the sake of peace and quiet. =lascar=, _n.m._, lascar (East Indian sailor). =lasci-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, lascivious, lewd, lustful, wanton, lecherous. =lascivement= (las-siv-mān), _adv._, lasciviously, lewdly, wantonly, lecherously. =lasciveté= (las-siv-tè), _n.f._, lasciviousness, lewdness, lust, lustfulness. =laser= (-zèr), _n.m._, (bot.) laserwort. =lassant=, =-e=, _adj._, tiresome, wearisome, fatiguing, tedious. =lasser=, _v.a._, to tire, to weary, to fatigue, to wear out; to catch with a lasso; to lasso. =lasser=, _v.n._, to be tiring, wearying. _se_ =lasser=, _v.r._, to tire, to grow tired, to be fatigued, to be wearied. =lassitude=, _n.f._, lassitude, weariness. =last= _or_ =laste=, _n.m._, (com., nav.) last (two tons weight, 4,000 kil.). =lasting= (-tīngh), _n.m._, lasting (stuff). =latanier=, _n.m._, fan-palm, latania. =latent=, =-e=, _adj._, latent, hid, concealed, secret. =latéral=, =-e=, _adj._, lateral, side. =latéralement= (-ral-mān), _adv._, laterally; sideways. _a_ =latere=. _V._ =légat=. =lathyrus=, _n.m._, (bot.) lathyrus. =laticlave=, _n.m._, (antiq.) laticlave. =latin=, =-e=, _adj._, Latin; (nav.) lateen. _Voile —e_; lateen sail. _La langue —e_; the Latin language. =latin=, _n.m._, Latin. _Il est au bout de son —_; he is at his wit’s end. _Du — de cuisine_; dog Latin. _Y perdre son —_; not to be able to make it out. =latiniser=, _v.a._, to latinize. =latinisme=, _n.m._, latinism. =latiniste=, _n.m._, latinist. =latinité=, _n.f._, latinity. _La basse —_; low Latin. =latitude=, _n.f._, latitude; extent; room, space, margin; (fig.) freedom of action; climate. =latitudinaire=, _adj._, latitudinarian. =latomie=, _n.f._, (antiq.) latomia. =latrie=, _n.f._, latria. =latrine=, _n.f._, privy, water-closet. =latte=, _n.f._, lath. =latter=, _v.a._, to lath. =lattis=, _n.m._, lathing, lath-work. =laudanisé=, =-e=, _adj._, containing laudanum. =laudanum=, _n.m._, laudanum. =laudati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, laudatory. =laudes= (lôd), _n.f.pl._, (c.rel.) lauds. =lauréat=, _adj._, laureate. _n.m._, prizeman. =lauréole=, _n.f._, (bot.) spurge-laurel. =laurier=, _n.m._, laurel, bay-tree; (fig.) glory, honor. _—-rose_; oleander, rose-bay. _— tin_; wild laurel. _Couronné de —s_; crowned with laurels, glory. =laurose=, _n.m._, (bot.) oleander, rose-bay. =lavable=, _adj._, washable. =lavabo= (-bô), _n.m._, wash-stand. =lavage=, _n.m._, washing; slops; wash; diluting, dilution. _En —_; diluted. =lavanche= _or_ =lavange=, _n.f._ _V._ =avalanche=. =lavande=, _n.f._, (bot.) lavender. _— commune_, _— officinale_; common lavender. =lavanderie=, _n.f._, (old) laundry, wash-house. =lavandier=, _n.m._, yeoman of the laundry. =lavandière=, _n.f._, (l.u.) laundress, washer-woman; (orni.) wagtail; (local) barge, boat. =lavanèse=, _n.f._, (bot.) goat’s-rue. =lavaret=, _n.m._, (ich.) gwiniad, fresh-water herring. =lavasse=, _n.f._, sudden shower of rain (l.u.); sloppy sauce; wash, wish-wash. =lave=, _n.f._, lava. =lavé=, =-e=, _part._, washed, pale, faint. _Couleur —e_; (paint.) light color. _Cheval bai —_; light bay horse. =lavement= (la-vmān), _n.m._, (c.rel.) washing; (med.) injection, clyster. =laver=, _v.a._, to wash, to wash off, to cleanse; to wash up; to lave, to bathe; to absolve, to declare innocent. _— la tête à quelqu’un_; to blow any one up; to rate any one soundly. _se_ =laver=, _v.r._, to wash, to wash one’s self. _Se — les mains_; to wash one’s hands. _Se — d’un crime_; to clear one’s self of a crime. _Je m’en lave les mains_; I will have nothing to do with it, I wash my hands of the business. =lavette=, _n.f._, dish-cloth, dish-clout. =laveu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, washer, scourer. _—se de vaisselle_; scullion, scullery-maid. _— de mines_; buddler. _— de cendres_; metal-refiner. =lavis=, _n.m._, wash, coloring, tinting. _Dessin fait au —_; washed drawing; (engr.) aquatint. =lavoir=, _n.m._, washing-place, wash-house; scullery; (metal.) buddle; rubbing-board. =lavure=, _n.f._, dish-water, hogwash; (gold.) washing. _pl._, goldsmith’s sweepings. _— de vaisselle_; dish-water; (fig.) weak, tasteless broth. =laxati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, laxative, opening. =laxatif=, _n.m._, (pharm.) laxative. =laxité=, _n.m._, (med.) laxity, looseness. =layer=, _v.a._, to cut a path through a forest. =layetier= (-tié), _n.m._, box-maker, packing-case maker. =layette=, _n.f._, (old) baby-linen; drawer, box. =layetterie= (lè-iè-trî), _n.f._, box-trade; baby-linen trade. =layeur=, _n.m._, forest-surveyor. =layou=, _n.m._, tail-board (of a van); (hunt.) straight path. =lazaret=, _n.m._, lazaretto, lazar-house. =lazariste=, _n.m._, Lazarite, Lazarist (monk). =lazarone=, _n.m._, (_lazaroni_) lazarone. =lazuli=. _V._ =lapis=. =lazulite=, _n.m._, (min.) lazulite, azure-stone. =lazzi=, _n.m._, (_—_, or _—s_) piece of buffoonery, jest, joke, pun. =le=, _art.m._, =la=, _f._, =les=, _pl.m.f._, the. _La nuit_; in the, during the night. _Le coquin!_ what a scoundrel! =le=, _pron._ _m._, =la=, _f._, =les=, _pl.m.f._, him, her, it, them; so. _Je les vois_; I see them. _Je le vois_; I see him, it. _Il l’aime_; he loves him, it. _Je l’aime_; I love her. _Donnez-le-moi_; give it me. _La voici_; here she is. _Je suis enrhumée, mes femmes le sont aussi_; I have got a cold, so have my maids. =lé=, _n.m._, breadth (of linen); tow-path. =lèche=, _n.f._, thin slice. _— cul_; toady, lick-spittle. =léché=, =-e=, _part._, licked. _Tableau —_; (paint.) labored picture. _à_ =lèche-doigts=, _adv._, (l.u.) in small quantities, niggardly, meanly, sparingly, just enough to taste. =lèchefrite= (lèsh-frit), _n.f._, dripping-pan. =lécher=, _v.a._, to lick, to lick up; (paint.) to labor, to polish, to elaborate, to overdo. _se_ =lécher=, _v.r._, to lick one’s self. _S’en — les doigts_; to lick one’s chops over it. =lécheu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, gormandizer; sponger. =leçon=, _n.f._, lesson; lecture; reading. _Vraie —_; true reading (of a text). _—s publiques_; public lectures. _Il a pris des —s d’un tel_; he took lessons from such a one. _Faire la — à quelqu’un_; to give any one his cue, to lecture any one, to coach up any one. =lect-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, reader, (old) lecturer, professor. _— bénévole_; gentle reader. =lecture=, _n.f._, reading; perusal. _Il a beaucoup de —_; he is well-read. _Savant par la —_; well-read. _Cabinet de —_; reading-room, circulating library; newsroom. =légal=, =-e=, _adj._, legal, lawful, legitimate. =légalement= (-gal-mān), _adv._, legally, lawfully, legitimately. =légalisation=, _n.f._, (jur.) legalization, authentication. =légaliser=, _v.a._, (jur.) to authenticate, to legalize, to render legal. =légalité=, _n.f._, legality, lawfulness. =légat=, _n.m._, legate. _— à latere_; legate à latere. =légataire=, _n.m.f._, (jur.) legatee. _— universel_ or _— à titre universel_; sole _or_ residuary legatee. =légation=, _n.f._, legateship, legation. =légatoire=, _adj._, legatory. =lége=, _adj._, (nav.) light. =légendaire=, _n.m._, legendary. =légende=, _n.f._, legend; inscription, motto, story; legend (of medals). =lég-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, light; buoyant, easy; fleet, fast; nimble, active; fickle, unsteady, light-headed; feeble, faint, frivolous, trifling, slight, inconsiderate, giddy, thoughtless. _À la —e_; thoughtlessly, inconsiderately, carelessly. _Vin —_; light wine. _Être — à la course_; to be fleet of foot. _Cavalerie —e_; light-horse. _Avoir la tête —e_; to be hare-brained, light-headed. _Une faute —e_; a small fault. _Être vêtu à la —e_; to be lightly dressed. =légèrement= (lé-jèr-mān), _adv._, lightly, slightly; nimbly, swiftly, cursorily, thoughtlessly. =légèreté= (lé-jèr-té), _n.f._, lightness, nimbleness, swiftness, fickleness, unsteadiness; instability; levity, frivolity, airiness, inconsiderateness, thoughtlessness; slight fault. _La — d’un cerf_; the fleetness of a stag. =légiférer=, _v.n._, to legislate. =légion=, _n.f._, legion. _— d’honneur_; Legion of Honor (a French order of knighthood, civil and military). _— de parents_; host of relations. =légionnaire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, legionary; knight of the Legion of Honor. =législat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._ and _n._, legislating, law-giving, regulating; legislator; legislatrix; law-giver, law-maker. =législati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, legislative. =législation=, _n.f._, legislation. =législature=, _n.f._, legislature. =légiste=, _n.m._, legist, civilian. =légitimaire=, _adj._, (jur.) secured by law. =légitimation=, _n.f._, legitimation; legalization; recognition. =légitime=, _adj._, just, lawful, legitimate, rightful, justifiable. _Part —_; legal share. _Enfant —_; child born in wedlock. =légitime=, _n.f._, (jur.) lawful portion of a child. =légitimement= (-tim-mān), _adv._, legitimately, lawfully, justly, rightfully, fairly, justifiably. =légitimer=, _v.a._, to legitimate; to justify; to legalize; to recognize. _L’ivresse ne légitime aucune mauvaise action_; drunkenness does not justify any bad action. =légitimiste=, _n.m.f._, legitimist. =légitimité=, _n.f._, legitimacy, lawfulness, rightfulness, fairness, justifiableness. =legs= (lê), _n.m._, legacy, bequest, gift by will. =léguer= (lé-ghé), _v.a._, to leave, to leave by will, to devise, to bequeath. _Se —_; to be bequeathed. =légume=, _n.m._, vegetable, pot-herb; pulse; legume, legumen. =légumi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, of vegetables. _n.m._, vegetable-dish, vegetable-garden. =légumineuses=, _n.f.pl._, (bot.) leguminous plants. =légumineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, leguminous. =légumineux=, _n.m.pl._, vegetables. =lemme= (lèm), _n.m._, (geom.) lemma. =lemne=, _n.f._, (bot.) lemna, duckweed. =lémures=, _n.m.pl._, (Roman antiq.) lemures. =lémuriens= (-in), _n.m.pl._, (mam.) lemuridæ. =lémuries=, _n.f.pl._, (Roman antiq.) lemuria. =lendemain= (lān-dmin), _n.m._, morrow, next day, day after, following day. _Le — de ses noces_; the day after one’s marriage. _Penser au —_; to think of the morrow. =lendore=, _n.m.f._, dawdle, humdrum, dawdling person. =lénifier=, _v.a._, (med.) to lenify. =léniti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) lenitive. =lénitif=, _n.m._, (med.) lenitive, emollient. =lent=, =-e=, _adj._, slow, tardy; remiss; lingering, slack, dull. _— à parler_; slow of speech. _— à payer_; slack in one’s payments. _Fièvre —e_; slow fever, low fever. =lente=, _n.f._, (ent.) nit. =lentement= (lān-tmān), _adv._, slowly, tardily, remissly; sluggishly. =lenteur=, _n.f._, slowness, tardiness, remissness. =lenticulaire= _or_ =lenticulé=, =-e=, _adj._, lenticular, lentiform. =lenticule=, _n.f._, (bot.) duckweed. =lentiforme=, _adj._, lentiform, lenticular. =lentigineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) lentiginous; freckled, freckly. =lentigo=, _n.m._, (med.) lentigo; freckles. *=lentille=, _n.f._, (bot.) lentil; freckle; lens; pendulum-bob. _Visage couvert de —s_; face freckled all over. *=lentilleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (l.u.) freckled. =lentisque=, _n.m._, (bot.) lentisk, mastic-tree. =léonin=, =-e=, _adj._, leonine. =léonure= _or_ =léonurus=, _n.m._, (bot.) motherwort. =léopard=, _n.m._, leopard. =lépas=, _n.m._, (conch.) limpet, patella. =lépidoptère=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (ent.) lepidopter, lepidoptera; lepidopterous. =lépisme=, _n.m._, (ent.) book-worm, mite. =lèpre=, _n.f._, leprosy. =lépreu-x=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, leper; leprous. =léproserie= (lé-prô-zrî), _n.f._, lazar-house. =lepte=, _n.m._, (ent.) leptus. _— automnal_; wheal-worm. =lequel=, _pron._ _m._, =laquelle=, _f._, =lesquels=, _pl.m._, =lesquelles=, _pl.f._, who, whom, that, which; (interrogatively) which one, which. _Lequel_, _laquelle_, _vous plaît davantage?_ which pleases you best? _Lequel_, _laquelle_, _préférez-vous?_ which one do you prefer? =lérot= _or_ =liron=, _n.m._, (mam.) garden-dormouse. =les=, _definite art._ and _pers. pr. pl._, the; them. _V._ =le=. =lèse=, _adj._, high-treason. [Only used in connection with some other word.] =lèse-faculté=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) (jest.) disregard of a physician’s advice. =lèse-humanité=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) high-treason against humanity. =lèse-majesté=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) high-treason; (jur.) leze-majesty. =lèse-nation=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) high-treason against the nation. =léser=, _v.a._, to wrong, to injure, to hurt, to aggrieve. =lésine=, _n.f._, niggardliness; stinginess. =lésiner=, _v.n._, to be niggardly, parsimonious, stingy, mean; to higgle, to haggle. =lésinerie= (lé-zi-n-rî), _n.f._, stinginess, meanness, niggardliness; stingy act. =lésineu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, niggardly, stingy, mean, parsimonious. =lésion=, _n.f._, wrong, in jury; (surg.) lesion, hurt; loss (at play). =lesse=, _n.f._ _V._ =laisse=. =lessive=, _n.f._, lye-washing, wash; washing; linen washed; (chem.) lixivium. _Donner sa — à laver_; to give one’s dirty linen to be washed. _Faire la — du gascon_; (prov.) to turn one’s shirt _or_ neckerchief when it is dirty. _À laver la tête d’un More, on perd sa —_; it is useless trying to wash a blackamoor white; _or_, do what you will, you’ll never change him. _Faire une —_, _une forte_, _une furieuse_, _—_; to sustain a loss, a heavy loss (at play). =lessiver=, _v.a._, to wash (in lye); (chem.) to lixiviate. _Se faire —_; (fig.) to get beaten; to lose heavily (at play). =lessiveu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, lye-washer. =lessiveuse=, _n.f._, lye-washing machine; laundress. =lest= (lèst), _n.m._, (nav.) ballast. =lestage=, _n.m._, (nav.) ballasting. =leste=, _adj._, brisk, nimble, active; clever; unceremonious, unscrupulous; indecorous; improper, free. =lesté=, =-e=, _adj._, ballasted; (fig.) with well-lined stomach. =lestement=, _adv._, briskly, cleverly; freely; indecorously; improperly. =lester=, _v.a._, (nav.) to ballast. _se_ =lester=, _v.r._, to take in ballast; to line one’s stomach, to lay in a stock of provisions. _Je me suis bien lesté avant de me mettre en route_; I made a square meal before setting out. =lesteur=, _n.m._, lighter, ballast-lighter; (pers.) ballast-heaver. =léthargie=, _n.f._, lethargy. =léthargique=, _adj._, lethargic, lethargical. =léthé=, _n.m._, (myth.) Lethe. =léthifère=, _adj._, lethiferous. =lettre=, _n.f._, letter, note, bill; (print.) letter, type. _pl._, literature, letters. _Prendre une chose à la —_, _au pied de la —_; to take a thing literally, in a literal sense, to the letter. _Rendre à la —_; to render word for word, literally. _En toutes —s_; at full length, plainly, unmistakeably. _— de change_; bill of exchange. _— de crédit_; letter of credit; credentials. _—s patentes_; letters patent. _— de cachet_; (French hist.) lettres-de-cachet, arbitrary warrant. _—s de marque_; letters of mark. _— de mer_; (nav.) pass. _— de voiture_; way-bill. _— affranchie_; paid letter. _— recommandée_ or _chargée_; registered letter. _— refusée_, _— morte_, _— au rebut_, _— tombée en rebut_; dead letter. _Boîte aux —s_; letter-box. _Expédition des —s_; dispatch of letters. _Jeter_, _mettre_, _une — à la poste_; to post a letter. _Ce sont —s closes_; that is a secret. _Un homme de —s_; a man of letters. _Les belles-—s_; polite literature. _Gravure avant la —_; proof engraving. =lettré=, =-e=, _adj._, lettered, literate, literary. _n.m._, scholar. _Les —s_; the literate, literati. =lettrine=, _n.f._, (print.) heading, reference. =leu=, _n.m._, old French for _loup_, wolf; still in use in the expression: _à la queue leu leu_; one after the other, in a file. =leucorrhée=, _n.f._, (med.) leucorrhœa, whites. =leur=, _personal pron._, to them, them. _Je le — donne_; I give it to them. _Je — ai dit cela_; I told them that. _Donnez-le-—_; give it to them. =leur=, _possessive adj._, their. _Le —_, _la —_, _les —s_; _possess. pron._, theirs. _J’aime mieux ma maison que la —_; I like my house better than theirs. _Je ne veux rien du —_; I want nothing of theirs. =leurre=, _n.m._, lure; decoy; bait; snare, trap. _Se laisser prendre à un —_; to be caught in a snare, to swallow a bait. =leurrer=, _v.a._, to lure; to entice, to decoy. _se_ =leurrer=, _v.r._, to be ensnared, entrapped; to delude one’s self. _Ces oiseaux ne se leurrent pas facilement_; these birds are not to be easily trapped. =levage=, _n.m._, raising, lifting. =levain=, _n.m._, leaven, barm, yeast; remains; germ. _Pain sans —_; unleavened bread. =levant=, _n.m._ and _adj._, East, Levant. _Du — au couchant_; from east to west; rising, orient. =levantin=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Levantine. =levantine=, _n.f._, levantine (silk cloth). =lève=, _n.f._, mallet, bat (at mall). =levé=, _n.m._, (mus.) rise (of foot, of hand). =levé=, =-e=, _part._, lifted up, raised; up, risen (out of bed). _Votre maître est-il —?_ is your master up? =levée=, _n.f._, gathering, crop (fruits, etc.); levying; raising; (post-office) collection; embankment; causeway, dike; breaking up, removal, rising, recess; swell (of the sea); trick (at cards); (nav.) stanch-sheets. _Faire des —s de soldats_; to raise soldiers. _— de terre_; embankment. =lève-gazon=, _n.m._, turfing-iron, turf-cutter. =lever=, _v.a._, to lift, to lift up, to heave, to raise up, to pull up; (hunt.) to start, to flush; to take up, to hold; to remove, to take away; to take out; to gather, to collect; to raise, to levy; to survey, to make a survey. _— les oreilles_; to prick up one’s ears. _— les épaules_; to shrug one’s shoulders. _— la main sur quelqu’un_; to lift up one’s hand against any one. _— le camp_; to break up the camp. _— quelqu’un_; to help any one up. _— le masque_; to throw off the mask. _— un plan_; to draw, to take a plan; to survey, to make a survey. _— une assemblée_; to dissolve a meeting. _À qui se lève matin, Dieu prête la main_; it is the early bird catches the worm. _se_ =lever=, _v.r._, to rise, to get up; to stand up; to break up; to start up; to make a stand; (of the sea) to heave. _Il se lève de bon matin_; he rises early. _Se — précipitamment_; to start up. =lever=, _v.n._, to come up, to be up (of plants); to spring up, to rise. _Faire — un lièvre_; to start a hare. =lever=, _n.m._, rising; levee; surveying. _Au — du soleil_; at sunrise. _— des plans_; land-surveying. _— de rideau_; curtain raiser. =lever-dieu=, _n.m._, (_—_) (c.rel.) elevation of the host. =léviathan=, _n.m._, leviathan. =levier=, _n.m._, lever; hand-spike; (horl.) arm; crowbar. _La force du —_; the power of the lever. _Le point d’appui d’un —_; the fulcrum of a lever. =levis=, _adj._, for drawing up. _Pont-—_; draw-bridge. =lévite=, _n.m._, Levite. =lévite=, _n.f._, (l.u.) frock-coat. =lévitique=, _n.m._, Leviticus. =levrauder=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to harass, to pester, to badger. =levraut=, _n.m._, leveret, young hare. =lèvre=, _n.f._, lip. _Je l’ai sur le bord des —s_; I have it on the tip of my tongue. _Il a le cœur sur les —s_; his heart is on his lips. =levretté=, =-e=, _adj._, greyhound-like. =levrette=, _n.f._, greyhound; harrier-bitch. =levretter=, _v.a._, to course (hares). =lévrier=, _n.m._, greyhound, harrier. =levron=, _n.m._, young greyhound, young harrier. =levure=, _n.f._, yeast, barm. =lexicographe=, _n.m._, lexicographer. =lexicographie=, _n.f._, lexicography. =lexicographique=, _adj._, lexicographical. =lexicologie=, _n.f._, lexicology. =lexique=, _n.m._, lexicon, dictionary. =lez=, _prep._, near, by. =lézard=, _n.m._, lizard. =lézarde=, _n.f._, crevice, crack, chink. =lézardé=, =-e=, _adj._, cracked (of walls). =lézardelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) lizard-tail, female lizard. =lézarder=, _v.a._, to crack (of walls). _se_ =lézarder=, _v.r._, to crack, to become cracked. =liais=, _n.m._, lias, building limestone. =liaison=, _n.f._, joining, conjunction; connection, intimacy; up-stroke (of writing); (mus.) slur, binding-note. _Rompre une —_; to break off a connection. =liaisonner=, _v.a._, (mas.) to bind (stones). =liane=, _n.f._, (bot.) bind-weed, creeper. =liant=, =-e=, _adj._, supple, flexible, pliant; forming connections easily; affable, mild; sociable, attractive. _n.m._, suppleness, pliability, pliancy; affability, sociability, gentleness. =liard=, _n.m._, liard ($0·0025); half a farthing; (fig.) farthing, stiver, rap, picayune. _Il n’a pas un rouge —_; he hasn’t a brass farthing. =liarder=, _v.n._, to contribute in small sums; to pay by farthings; to haggle. =lias=, _n.m._, (geol.) Lias. =liasique= _or_ =liassique=, _adj._, (geol.) Liassic. =liasse=, _n.f._, bundle, file (of papers). =libage=, _n.m._, (mas.) ashlar. _V._ =moellon=. =libation=, _n.f._, libation, potation. _Faire des —s_; to offer up libations. =libelle=, _n.m._, libel, lampoon. =libellé=, =-e=, _adj._, drawn up, specified. _n.m._, wording; contents. =libeller= (li-bèl-lé), _v.a._, (jur.) to draw up; to word; to specify the object of. =libelliste=, _n.m._, libeler. =libellule=, _n.f._, (ent.) libellula, dragon-fly. =liber= (li-bèr), _n.m._, (bot.) liber. =libéral=, =-e=, _adj._, liberal, generous, bounteous, free-hearted, open-handed. =libéral=, _n.m._, liberal, liberalist. =libéralement= (-ral-mān), _adv._, liberally, bountifully, largely, generously, bounteously. =libéralisme=, _n.m._, liberalism. =libéralité=, _n.f._, liberality; generosity, open-handedness, bounty. =libérat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, deliverer, liberator, rescuer. =libérati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, freedom-giving, liberating. =libération=, _n.f._, deliverance, rescue, discharge, riddance. =libéré=, =-e=, _part._, liberated, discharged; (com.) paid up (of shares). _Forçat —_; returned convict; ticket-of-leave man. =libérer=, _v.a._, to discharge, to liberate, to free. _se_ =libérer=, _v.r._, to be liberated, to be discharged; to pay off one’s debts; (com.) to be paid up (of shares). =liberté=, _n.f._, liberty, freedom, facility, ease; license, franchise. _On a rendu la — aux prisonniers_; the prisoners were restored to liberty. _Mettre en —_; to set at liberty. _En —_; freely. =liberticide=, _adj._, liberticide. =libertin=, =-e=, _adj._, libertine, licentious, wanton, dissolute, idle. =libertin=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, libertine, rake; idler; ☉free-thinker. =libertinage=, _n.m._, libertinism, debauchery; wildness, wantonness; ☉irreligion. _Vivre dans le —_; to lead a dissolute life. =libertiner=, _v.n._, to be a libertine, to lead a dissolute life, to be rakish; to be idle (of children). _se_ =libertiner=, _v.r._, to be a libertine; to play the idler (of children). =libidineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, libidinous. _ad_ =libitum=. _V._ =ad libitum=. =libouret=, _n.m._, mackerel-fishing line. =libraire=, _n.m._, bookseller. _— éditeur_; publisher, publisher and bookseller. =librairie=, _n.f._, book-trade, bookselling; bookseller’s shop, library, publishing-house. =libration=, _n.f._, (astron.) libration. =libre=, _adj._, free; at liberty; unguarded, unconfined, outdoor; bold, broad; rid, exempt; (of paper) unstamped; (of schools) free, private; (of verse) irregular. _Il a tout son temps —_; all his time is his own. _— à vous de sortir ou de rester_; stay or go, as you please. _Cette place est —_; that seat is unoccupied. _Avoir le champ —_; to have free scope for action. =libre-échange=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) free-trade. =libre-échangiste=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) free-trader. =librement=, _adv._, freely, without restraint; boldly. _En user —_; to make free with anything. =librettiste=, _n.m._, (the author of the words of an opera), librettist. =libretto=, _n.m._, (_—s_ or _libretti_) words of an opera, libretto. =lice=, _n.f._, lists; field, arena, tilt-yard; barrier, fence; (tapestry) warp; (mam.) bitch-hound. _Entrer dans la —_, _en —_; to enter the lists. _Haute —_; high warp. _Basse —_; low warp. =licence=, _n.f._, license, leave; permission; liberty, licentiousness; licentiate’s degree. =licencié=, _n.m._, licentiate, B. A. =licenciement= (-sî-mān), _n.m._, (milit.) disbanding. =licencier=, _v.a._, to disband (troops). _se_ =licencier=, _v.r._, to grow licentious, to take liberties. =licencieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, licentiously, lewdly, dissolutely. =licencieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, licentious, dissolute. =licet= (-sèt), _n.m._, (_—_) (l.u.) permission, leave, permit. =lichen= (li-kè-n), _n.m._, (bot.) lichen, moss. =licitation=, _n.f._, sale by auction of (real estate). =licite=, _adj._, licit, lawful, allowable. =licitement= (-sit-mān), _adv._, lawfully, licitly. =liciter=, _v.a._, to sell by auction (real estate). =licol=, _n.m._ _V._ =licou=. =licorne=, _n.f._, unicorn. _— de mer_; narwhal. =licou=, _n.m._, halter. =licteur=, _n.m._, lictor. =lie=, _n.f._, lees, dregs, grounds; (fig.) scum, refuse. _Boire jusqu’à la —_; to drink to the dregs. _La — du peuple_; the scum of the people. ☉=lie=, _adj._, merry, gay. _Faire chère —_; to lead a merry life. =lié=, =-e=, _part._, tied, bound, connected. _Une sauce bien —e_; a thick sauce. _Partie —e_; rubber (at cards). =liège=, _n.m._, cork; cork-tree. _Bouchon de —_; cork. =liéger=, _v.a._, to cork (a net). =liégeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, like cork, corky. =lien= (li-in), _n.m._, band, rope, strap. _pl._, bonds, chains, irons. _Briser_, _rompre_, _ses —s_; to break one’s bonds. _— conjugal_; matrimonial bond. =lienterie=, _n.f._, (med.) lientery. =lientérique=, _adj._, lienteric. =lier=, _v.a._, to bind, to bind down; to fasten, to tie, to tie down, to tie up; to join; to thicken; to link, to connect, to enter into, to engage in. _C’est un fou à —_; he ought to be put into a strait-jacket. _— une sauce_; to thicken a sauce. _— des notes_; (mus.) to slur notes. _— commerce avec quelqu’un_; to establish relations with any one. _se_ =lier=, _v.r._, to bind; to tie; to thicken; to become acquainted with; to become intimate with; to form a connection. =lierre=, _n.m._, (bot.) ivy. _— terrestre_; ground-ivy. _— grimpant_; tree-ivy. =liesse=, _n.f._, mirth, gayety, merriment. =lieu=, _n.m._, place, spot, ground; family; cause, reason, occasion. _pl._, premises, water-closet. _En tout —_; everywhere. _En aucun —_; nowhere. _En quelque — que ce soit_; anywhere. _Au — que_; instead of which, whereas. _En son — et place_; in one’s place. _Se porter sur les —x_; to go to the spot. _En premier —_; in the first place. _En dernier —_; lastly, alternately. _S’allier en bon —_; to marry into a good family. _— commun_; commonplace topic, commonplace subject. _Il n’y a pas — de craindre_; there is no cause to fear. _Vous avez donné — à cela_; you are the occasion of it. _Donner — à_; to give rise to. _Il m’a tenu — de père_; he has been a father to me. _Avoir —_; to take place, to happen. _—x d’aisances_; water-closet. _Être au — et place de quelqu’un_; to represent any one. _Au — de_; in the place of, instead of, in lieu of. _Au — que_; whereas, when on the contrary, while. _Y avoir —_; there to be occasion or necessity. _Tenir — de_; to fill the place of; to do instead of. =lieue=, _n.f._, league (two and a half miles English). =lieur=, _n.m._, binder, hay-trusser. =lieutenance= (lieu-tnāns), _n.f._, lieutenancy. =lieutenant=, _n.m._, lieutenant. _— en premier_, _en second_; first lieutenant, second lieutenant. _Sous-—_, (_—-—s_) ensign, sub-lieutenant. =lièvre=, _n.m._, hare. _Bec-de-—_, (_—s-—_) hare-lip. _Il ne faut pas courir deux —s à la fois_; one must not have too many irons in the fire. _C’est là que gît le —_; that’s the main point; there’s the rub. _Mémoire de —_; bad, shocking memory. =ligament=, _n.m._, (anat.) ligament. =ligamenteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, ligamentous. =ligature=, _n.f._, ligature. =lige=, _adj._, liege. _Fief —_; vassalage. *=lignage=, _n.m._, lineage. *=lignager=, _n.m._, person of the same descent, kinsman. *=ligne=, _n.f._, line; path, way, range; swath (of grass). _Être en première —_; to hold the first rank. _Être hors de —_; to be out of the line, beyond compare; out of the common. _— de charge_, _de flottaison_; load water-mark, water-line. _Grande —_; (rail.) trunk line. _Il ne fait pas ses —s droites_; he does not keep his lines straight. _À la —_; a new line, a break. _— à pêcher_; fishing-line. _Pêcher à la —_; to angle. _Troupe de —_; troops of the line. _En —!_ (mil.) fall in! _Venir en première —_; to rank first. *=lignée=, _n.f._, lineage, progeny, offspring, issue. *=ligner=, _v.a._, (carp.) to draw lines on. *=lignerolle=, _n.f._, (nav.) twine. *=lignette=, _n.f._, net, twine. *=ligneul=, _n.m._, shoemaker’s thread, wax-end. =ligneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (bot.) ligneous, woody. =lignite= (lig-nit), _n.m._, lignite, brown-coal. =ligue= (lig), _n.f._, league; plot, confederacy. =liguer= (lighé), _v.a._, to unite in a league. _se_ =liguer=, _v.r._, to league, to combine, to band together. =ligueu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, leaguer. =ligulé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) ligulate; strap-shaped. =lilas=, _n.m._, lilac. =lilas=, _adj._, lilac-colored. =liliacée=, _n._ and _adj._ _f._, liliaceous plant; liliaceous. =lilliputien=, =-ne=, _adj._, lilliputian. =limace=, _n.f._, slug; (mec.) Archimedean screw, water-screw. =limaçon=, _n.m._, snail; (anat.) cochlea. _Escalier en —_; winding staircase, corkscrew stairs. _— de mer_; cockle. *=limaille=, _n.f._, filings. =limande=, _n.f._, (ich.) dab. =limas=, _n.m._ _V._ =limace=. =limbe=, _n.m._, limb, border, halo. =limbes=, _n.m.pl._, (theol.) limbo, limbus. =lime=, _n.f._, file; (bot.) sweet lemon. _Les dents d’une —_; the teeth of a file. _— douce_; smooth file. _— sourde_; dead file. =lime-bois=, _n.m._, wood-fretter. =limer=, _v.a._, to file, to smooth, to finish off. =limeur=, _n.m._, filer. =limier=, _n.m._, bloodhound, police-spy, detective. =liminaire=, _adj._, prefatory. =limitati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, limiting. =limitation=, _n.f._, limitation. =limitativement=, _adv._, limitedly, with limitation. =limite=, _n.f._, limit, landmark, boundary, bound, border, extremity, confine. =limité=, =-e=, _part._, limited. =limiter=, _v.a._, to limit, to bound; to set bounds to; to circumscribe, to confine; to stint. =limitrophe=, _adj._, neighboring, bordering. =limon=, _n.m._, slime, ooze; clay; mud; (bot.) lemon; shaft (of a carriage); string-board, notch-board (of a staircase). =limonade=, _n.f._, lemonade. =limonadi-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, maker, seller, of lemonade; coffee-house keeper. =limoneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, muddy, turbid; slimy. =limonier=, _n.m._, shaft-horse; (bot.) lemon-tree. =limonière=, _n.f._, wagon with two shafts. =limousin=, _n.m._, bricklayer, mason (because most masons hail from _Le Limousin_). =limousinage=, _n.m._, rough-walling; ashlar-work. =limousine=, _n.f._, coarse woolen cloak. =limousiner=, _v.a._, to rough-wall. =limpide=, _adj._, limpid, clear. =limpidité=, _n.f._, limpidness, clearness. =limure=, _n.f._, filing; filings, polish. =lin=, _n.m._, flax. _Graine de —_; linseed. _Toile de —_; linen-cloth. _— des prés_; cotton-grass. =linacées=, _n.f.pl._ _V._ =linées=. =linaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) toad-flax. =linceul=, _n.m._, winding-sheet, shroud. =linçoir=, _n.m._, ceiling-joist. =linéaire=, _adj._, linear. =linéal=, =-e=, _adj._, lineal, in a direct line. =linéament=, _n.m._, trace, lineament, feature, outline. =linées=, _n.f.pl._, (bot.) plants of the flax kind. =linette=, _n.f._, flax-seed. =linge=, _n.m._, linen; cloth, rag. _— propre_; clean linen. _Changer de —_; to change one’s linen. _— à barbe_; shaving-cloth. =ling-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, linendraper. =lingère=, _n.f._, keeper of a fancy linen-shop; seamstress, wardrobe woman. =lingerie= (lin-jrî), _n.f._, linen trade, linen-drapery; hosiery; linen-room. =lingot=, _n.m._, ingot, bullion; (hunt.) slug. _Or en —_; gold in bullion. =lingotière= (-ti-èr), _n.f._, ingot-mold. =lingual=, =-e= (-gooal), _n.f._ and _adj._, (anat., gram.) lingual. =lingue= (līngh), _n.f._, (ich.) ling. =linguet= (-ghè), _n.m._, (nav.) pawl (of a capstan). =linguiforme= (-gooi-), _adj._, linguiform (like a tongue). =linguiste= (-gooist), _n.m.f._, linguist. =linguistique= (-gooistik), _n.f._, linguistics. =lini-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, of flax. _Industrie —ère_; linen-trade; flax-spinning. =linière=, _n.f._, flax field. =liniment=, _n.m._, (pharm.) liniment. =linon=, _n.m._, lawn (fine linen). =linot=, _n.m._, (orni.) linnet; cock-linnet. =linotte=, _n.f._, hen-linnet. _C’est une tête de —_; he is a hare-brained sort of fellow. _Siffler la —_; (pop.) to drink hard; to be in limbo, in quod. =linteau=, _n.m._, (carp.) head-piece, lintel. =lion=, _n.m._, (mam.) lion; (fig.) lord, dandy, beau; (astron.) Leo. _Jeune —_; lion’s cub, whelp, young lion. _— marin_; sea-wolf. _Dent-de-—_, (_—s-—_) (bot.) dandelion. _Coudre la peau du renard à celle du —_; to combine cunning with strength. _C’est l’âne couvert de la peau du —_; he is the ass with the lion’s skin. _C’est un —_; he is a dandy. =lionceau=, _n.m._, (mam.) young lion, lion’s whelp, cub. =lionne=, _n.f._, (mam.) lioness; fashionable woman; gay woman. =lionné=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) rampant. =lipogrammatique=, _adj._, lipogrammatic. =lipogrammatiste=, _n.m._, lipogrammatist, letter-dropper. =lipogramme=, _n.m._, lipogram. =lipome=, _n.m._, (med.) adipose wen. =lipothymie=, _n.f._, (med.) lipothymy. =lippe=, _n.f._, pouting-lip, thick lip. _Faire sa —_, _à —_, _faire une grosse_, _une vilaine_, _—_; (fam.) to pout. ☉=lippée=, _n.f._, (fam.) mouthful; meal, feast. [In the latter sense this word is only used with the adj. _franche_.] _Franche —_; hearty meal, a good square meal (free of cost). _Chercheur de franches —s_; sponger, parasite. =lippitude=, _n.f._, (med.) lippitude, blearedness. =lippu=, =-e=, _adj._, thick-lipped. =liquation= (-cooa-), _n.f._, liquation, eliquation. =liquéfaction=, _n.f._, liquefaction. =liquéfiable=, _adj._, liquefiable. =liquéfier=, _v.a._, to liquefy. _se_ =liquéfier=, _v.r._, to liquefy, to become liquefied. =liquet=, _n.m._, (hort.) small baking pear. =liqueur=, _n.f._, liquid; liquor, spirits; liqueur, cordial, juice. _Vin de —_; sweet wine. _—s fraîches_; refreshing drinks. _—s fortes_; spirits, intoxicating drinks. _Marchand de —s spiritueuses_; dealer in wines and spirits. =liquidambar=, _n.m._, (bot.) liquid-amber. =liquidateur=, _n.m._, liquidator. =liquidation=, _n.f._, liquidation, settling; settlement; winding up. =liquide=, _adj._, liquid, watery, flowing; clear; net (of money). _La plaine —_; the ocean. =liquide=, _n.m._, liquid, fluid; spirit, spirituous liquor. =liquide=, _n.f._, (gram.) liquid. =liquider=, _v.a._, to liquidate, to settle, to discharge; to wind up, to sell off. _se_ =liquider=, _v.r._, to liquidate, to be liquidated, to settle, to discharge one’s debts. =liquidité=, _n.f._, liquidity, fluidity. =liquoreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, luscious, sweet. =liquoriste=, _n.m._, dealer in liqueurs or spirits. =lire= (lisant, lu), _v.a._, to read, to read of, to peruse, to study. _Continuer de —_; to read on. _— tout bas_; to read to one’s self. _— à haute voix_; to read aloud. _— dans la pensée de quelqu’un_; to read any one’s thoughts. =liron=, _n.m._ _V._ =loir= and =lérot=. =lis= (lîs), _n.m._, (bot.) lily. _— asphodèle_; lily-daffodil; (fig.) whiteness. =liséré=, _n.m._, stripe; border, piping. =lisérer=, _v.a._, to border with piping. =liseron= (li-zron), _n.m._, (bot.) bind-weed. =liset=, _n.m._, (bot.) _V._ =liseron=. =liseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, reader. =lisibilité=, _n.f._, legibility; readableness. =lisible=, _adj._, legible, readable. =lisiblement=, _adv._, legibly. =lisière=, _n.f._, list (of cloth); strings, leading-strings; border, skirt, edge, verge, outskirts. _— de toile_; selvage of linen-cloth. _— d’un bois_; edge, verge, of a wood. =lissage=, _n.m._, (tech.) smoothing, glossing; (nav.) railing, rails. =lisse=, _adj._, smooth, sleek, glossy. =lisse=, _n.f._, smoothness, gloss, hand-rail, hand-railing, barrier, fence; (nav.) sheer-rails, drift-rails, rib-band; (tapestry). _V._ =lice=. _—s de porte-haubans_; sheer-rails. _—s de la rabattue_; drift-rails. _—s de couronnement_; upper rails of the stern. _—s de grande rabattue_; quarter-rails. _—s de l’éperon_; rails of the head. _—s de bastingage_; rails of the nettings. _—s des couples_; rib-bands. _— du fort_; extreme breadth line. _— des façons_; floor-rib-band. _—s des œuvres mortes_; rib-bands of the upper-works. _—s de plat-bord_; drift-rails. _— de vibord_; waist-rail. _—s de la herpe_; rails of the head. _— d’hourdi_; wing-transom. =lisser=, _v.a._, to smooth, to gloss, to polish. =lisseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, polisher. =lissoir=, _n.m._, polisher (tool). =lissure=, _n.f._, polishing, glazing. =liste=, _n.f._, list, roll, catalogue, schedule. _— civile_; civil list. _— des jurés_; (jur.) panel. =listeau=, _n.m._, (nav.) rim. =listel=, _n.m._, (_listeaux_) (arch.) listel, list, fillet. =liston=, _n.m._, (her.) scroll. =lit=, _n.m._, bed; bedstead; layer; stratum; channel, direction, set (of a current); (fig.) marriage. _— de plume_; feather-bed. _— de parade_; bed of state. _— de repos_; couch. _— de douleur_; sick-bed. _— de camp_; field-bed. _— de mort_; death-bed. _— de sangle_; folding-bed. _— volant_; (nav.) cot, berth. _— à quenouilles_, _— à colonnes_; four-post bedstead, four-poster. _Quenouille de —_, _colonne de —_; bedpost. _Descente de —_; carpet for the bedside. _Bois de —_; bedstead. _Se mettre au —_; to go to bed. _Garder le —_; to keep one’s bed. _Ils font — à part_; they do not sleep together. _Il a des enfants de deux —s_; he has children by two wives. _Ruelle de —_; bedside. _— de dessous_; understratum (of a quarry). _— de la mer_; bed of the sea. _— du vent_; (nav.) the wind’s eye. _Tenir le — du vent_; to sail close to the wind. _— de marée_; tide-way. _— de justice_; seat of justice, judicial bench; (Fr. Hist.) king’s throne. _— de Procruste_; the bed of Procrustes; (fig.) tyrannical custom, rule, law, etc. _Comme on fait son — on se couche_; as you make your bed, so you must lie. _Mourir au — d’honneur_; to die in battle. _Au —!_ (hunt.) tally-ho! _Au saut du —_ or _au sortir du —_; as you are getting up; in the early morning. =litanie=, _n.f._, litany, prayers; long-winded story. =liteau=, _n.m._, haunt (of a wolf); stripe (on table napkins); (tech.) bracket, ledge. _À —x_; with stripes, striped. =litée=, _n.f._, (hunt.) haunt, lair. =literie=, _n.f._, bedding. =litharge=, _n.f._, (min.) litharge. =lithargé=, =-e=, _or_ =lithargyré=, =-e=, _adj._, adulterated with litharge. =lithiase= _or_ =lithiasie=, _n.f._, (med.) lithiasis. =lithiate=, _n.m._, (chem.) lithiate. =lithine=, _n.f._, (chem.) lithia. =lithoclaste=, _n.m._, (surg.) lithoclast (instrument). =lithocolle=, _n.f._, lithocolla. =lithogénésie=, _n.f._, lithogenesy. =lithographe=, _n.m._, lithographer. _Imprimeur —_; lithographic printer. =lithographie=, _n.f._, lithography; lithograph; lithographic printing-office. =lithographier=, _v.a._, to lithograph. =lithographique=, _adj._, lithographic. =lithoïde=, _adj._, lithoidal. =lithologie=, _n.f._, lithology. =lithologue=, _n.m._, lithologist. =lithontriptique= _or_ =lithotriptique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (med.) lithontriptic. =lithophage=, _adj._, lithophagous. =lithophylle=, _n.f._, lithophyl. =lithophyte=, _n.m._, lithophyte. =lithosperme=, _n.m._, (bot.) lithospermum; gromil, gromwell. =lithotome=, _n.m._, (surg.) lithotome. =lithotomie=, _n.f._, (surg.) lithotomy. =lithotomique=, _adj._, (surg.) lithotomic. =lithotomiste=, _n.m._, (surg.) lithotomist. =lithotriteur=, _n.m._, (surg.) lithotritor. =lithotritie= (-tri-ci), _n.f._, (surg.) lithotrity. =litière= (-tièr), _n.f._, litter; stable-litter. _Il est sur la —_; he is in the straw (of a horse); he is ill in bed (pers.). _Faire — de quelque chose_; to throw away, to waste, to squander. =litigant=, =-e=, _adj._, litigant. =litige=, _n.m._, litigation, legal dispute, suit at law; (fig.) strife. _En —_; litigated, in dispute. =litigieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, litigious; given to law-suits. =litispendance=, _n.f._, (jur.) pendency (of a suit). =litorne=, _n.f._, (orni.) litorn, field-fare. =litote=, _n.f._, (rhet.) litotes. =litre=, _n.f._, black band, with hatchment. =litre=, _n.m._, liter (1.760 pint). _Demi —_; pint. =litron=, _n.m._, litron; (pop.) reputed quart. =littéraire=, _adj._, literary. =littérairement=, _adv._, literarily. =littéral=, =-e=, _adj._, literal. =littéralement= (-ral-mān), _adv._, literally, word for word, verbatim. =littéralité=, _n.f._, literality, literalness. =littérateur=, _n.m._, literary man, scholar, man of letters. =littérature=, _n.f._, literature, learning. =littoral=, =-e=, _adj._, littoral, of the sea-coast. =littoral=, _n.m._, coast, sea-shore, sea-board. =lituite=, _n.m._, (foss.) lituite. =liturgie=, _n.f._, liturgy. =liturgique=, _adj._, liturgic, liturgical. =liturgiste=, _n.m._, writer on the liturgy. =lituus=, _n.m._, (_—_) (antiq.) augur’s wand. =liure=, _n.f._, cord, cart-rope; (nav.) lashing, gammoning (of the bowsprit). =livarde=, _n.f._, cord; (nav.) sprit. _Voile à —_; sprit-sail. =livarder=, _v.a._, (nav.) to sprit. =livide=, _adj._, livid. =lividité=, _n.f._, lividness. =livrable=, _adj._, (com.) deliverable. =livraison=, _n.f._, delivery (of goods); part, number (of a book). _Prendre de —_; to receive. _Faire —_; to deliver (goods, etc.). _Par —s_; in parts, numbers. =livre=, _n.m._, book, register, volume. _— manuscrit_, _imprimé_; manuscript, printed book. _— en feuilles_; book in sheets. _— cartonné_; book in boards. _— broché_; stitched book. _— épuisé_; book out of print. _— de consignations_; (police) charge-sheet. _— d’occasion_; second-hand book. _— d’heures_; (c.rel.) prayer-book, primer. _Collationner un —_; to collate a book. _Mettre un — au jour_; to publish a book. _Un dévoreur de —s_; a bookworm (pers.). _Parler comme un —_; to speak like a book. _Traduire à — ouvert_; to translate at sight. _Chanter à — ouvert_; to sing at sight. _— de compte_; book of accounts. _Grand —_; ledger. _— journal_; day-book. _— de caisse_; cash-book. _— d’échéances_; bill-book. _Teneur de —s_; book-keeper. _Tenir les —s_; to keep the books, to keep the accounts. _Grand —_, _grand — de la dette publique_; register of the National Debt. _— jaune_; blue book. =livre=, _n.f._, pound (1 lb., 1 oz., 10¼ dr. avoirdupois); livre (coin); franc. _— sterling_; pound sterling. _— parisis_; Paris livre ($0·25). _— tournois_; Tours livre ($0·21). _À la —_; by the pound. _Dix francs la —_; ten francs a pound. =livrée=, _n.f._, livery; livery-servants. _— de noce_; wedding-favors. _En —_; in livery. _Gens de —_; footmen, flunkeys. _Grande —_; full livery. _Petite —_; undress livery. _Marchandises à —_; goods to be delivered. =livrer=, _v.a._, to deliver; to deliver up, over; to betray; to give up; to commit, to consign. _— de la marchandise à_; to deliver goods to. _— bataille_; to engage, to give battle. _— un assaut_; to make an assault. _— une place à l’ennemi_; to deliver up a fortress to the enemy. _— une ville au pillage_; to give up a town to pillage. _— une bataille_; to fight a battle. _se_ =livrer=, _v.r._, to deliver one’s self up, over; to give one’s self up, over; to surrender one’s self; to devote, to dedicate, to apply, one’s self to; to confide (in); to trust one’s self to; to riot in; to expose one’s self to. =livret=, _n.m._, little book; memorandum-book; workman’s certificate; time-book; cabman’s license; depositor’s book; multiplication-table; book (of the play). _— de batteur d’or_; gold-beater’s mold. =livreur=, _n.m._, deliverer (of goods). _Payez le —_; pay on delivery. =lixiviation=, _n.f._, (chem.) lixiviation. =lixiviel=, =-le=, _adj._, (chem., pharm.) lixivial. =lixivium= (-om), _n.m._, (chem.) lixivium. =llama=, _n.m._ _V._ =lama=. =lobe=, _n.m._, lobe; lobe of the ear; (arch.) cusp; (arch.) foil. =lobé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) lobed, lobate. =lobélie=, _n.f._, (bot.) lobelia, cardinal-flower. _— enflée_; Indian tobacco, emetic weed. =lobiole=, _n.f._, small lobe (in lichens). =lobulaire=, _adj._, lobulary. =lobule=, _n.m._, (anat.) lobule. =local=, =-e=, _adj._, local. =local=, _n.m._, place, habitation, situation, premises, quarters. =localement=, _adv._, locally. =localisation=, _n.f._, localization. =localiser=, _v.a._, to localize. _se_ =localiser=, _v.r._, to become, to be, localized. =localité=, _n.f._, locality, place. =locataire=, _n.m.f._, tenant, lodger; (jur.) lessee. _— à bail_; lessee. _Recevoir des —s_; to take in lodgers. _— en vertu d’un bail_; lease-holder. _Principal —_; tenant. =locati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, tenantable; of _or_ belonging to the tenant. _Valeur —ve_; value in rent. _n.m._, locative (gram.). =location=, _n.f._, letting, letting out; hiring; renting; (jur.) location. _Bureau de —_; box-office. _— de livres_; letting out of books, lending library, circulating library. =locatis= (-tis), _n.m._, (fam. l.u.) hack, jade. =loch=, _n.m._, (nav.) log. _Table de —_; log-book. _Jeter le —_; to heave the log. =loche=, _n.f._, (ich.) loach, groundling. =locher=, _v.n._, (of a horse’s shoe) to be loose, to shake. _Il y a là quelque fer qui loche_; there is a screw loose somewhere. =lochet=, _n.m._ _V._ =louchet=. =lochial=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) lochial. =lochies=, _n.f.pl._, (med.) lochia. =locman=, _n.m._, coasting pilot. _V._ =lamaneur=. =locomobile=, _adj._, portable, movable. =locomobile=, _n.f._, (agri., manu.) traction engine, (portable) steam-engine. =locomot-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, (anat.) of _or_ producing locomotion; locomotive. =locomoti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, locomotive. =locomotion=, _n.f._, locomotion. =locomotive=, _n.f._, locomotive, engine, locomotive-engine. =locrenan=, _n.m._, (coarse cloth) lockram. =locuste=, _n.f._, (ent.) locust; (zoöl.) shrimp, prawn. =locution=, _n.f._, expression, mode, form of speech; locution; term, phrase. =lods=, _n.m.pl._, (feudal law) only used in the expression: _— et ventes_; lord’s due. =lof=, _n.m._, (nav.) loof, luff; weather side, windward. _Aller au —_; to sail near the wind; to go to windward. _Être au —_; to be to windward. _— pour —!_ to windward! _Couple de —_; loof-frame. _Largue le —!_ up tacks and sheets! _Bouter le —_; to trim all sharp. _— tout!_ luff round! round with her! _— à la risée!_ ease the ship! (in blowy weather). _Virer — pour —_; to tack, to veer the ship. =lofer=, _v.n._, (nav.) to luff. =logarithme=, _n.m._, (math.) logarithm. =logarithmique=, _adj._, logarithmic. =logarithmique=, _n.f._, logarithmic curve. =loge=, _n.f._, lodge, hut, box; booth; stand, stall; kennel, cell, den; cabin, closet; actor’s dressing-room. _— d’un chien_; dog’s kennel. _— du tigre_; tiger’s den. _Ouvreuse de —s_; box-opener. _— grillée_; latticed box. _— découverte_; open box. _Premières —s_; (thea.) first tier of boxes. _— d’avant scène_; stage box. _— de face_; front box. _Tenir une —_; (freemasonry) to hold a lodge. =logeable= (lo-jabl), _adj._, inhabitable, tenantable, fit to live in; commodious, convenient; that can be housed. =logement= (lo-jmān), _n.m._, lodgings; residence; dwelling; house-room; quarters; quartering; (milit.) lodgment; accommodation; (nav.) room. _— garni_; furnished apartments. =loger=, _v.n._, to lodge, to live, to put up. _— chez soi_; to live at home. _— dans une auberge_; to put up at an inn. _— à la belle étoile_; to sleep in the open air. _Ici on loge à pied et à cheval_; accommodation for man and beast. =loger=, _v.a._, to lodge, to harbor; to find room for, to take in, to put up, to accommodate; to house; to billet, to quarter; to stable. _— des soldats_; to quarter soldiers. _se_ =loger=, _v.r._, to lodge, to take up one’s abode; to put up; (fig.) to lodge itself, to fix itself. =logette=, _n.f._, little cabin, little box, little cell. =logeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, lodger. _— en garni_; lodging-house keeper. =logicien= (-in), _n.m._, logician. =logique=, _n.f._ and _adj._, logic, logical. =logiquement=, _adv._, logically. =logis=, _n.m._, house, dwelling, lodging, lodging-house, inn, home. _Corps de —_; main building. _On m’attend au —_; I am expected at home. _Bon — à pied et à cheval_; good accommodation for man and horse. _Au —_; at home. _La folle du —_; imagination, fancy. =logographe=, _n.m._, early Greek historian, logographer. =logogriphe=, _n.m._, logogriph, riddle, enigma. =logomachie=, _n.f._, logomachy, war of words. =logos=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) (theol.) God the Word; (in Plato’s Philos.) the Creator of all things. =loi=, _n.f._, law, precept, command; power, dominion, sway; authority; rule; (coin) standard. _Homme de —_; lawyer. _Projet de —_; (parliament) bill. _Présenter un projet de —_; to bring in a bill. _Rejeter un projet de —_; to throw out a bill. _Hors la —_; outlawed. _Faire —_; to have force of law. _Faire la —_; to command, to dictate (to). _Se faire une —_; to make it a point. _Mettre hors la —_; to outlaw. _— annonaire_; _V._ =annonaire=. =loin=, _adv._, far, far off, a great way off; at a distance; remote, distant. _De — en —_; at great intervals, at long distances from each other. _Au —_; far, far away, far and wide. _De —_; from afar, from a distance, a long way off. _Revenir de —_; to have a narrow squeak (for one’s life). _Aller chasser au —_; to go out hunting a great way off. _— du monde_; far from the world. _— d’ici_; a great way off. _— d’ici!_ be gone! _— des yeux, — du cœur_; out of sight, out of mind. _Bien — de_; instead of; far from. _Bien — que_; far from, so far from. _Bien — que cela soit_; it is so far from being so. =lointain=, =-e=, _adj._, remote, far distant. _Pays —_; remote country. =lointain=, _n.m._, distance; distant prospect. _Le — d’un tableau_; the background of a picture. =loir=, _n.m._, (mam.) dormouse. =loisible=, _adj._, optional, lawful, allowable, right. _— à vous de le faire_; you have a perfect right to do it. =loisir=, _n.m._, leisure, spare time. _J’ai du —_; I am at leisure. _Etes-vous de —?_ are you at leisure? _or_ are you disengaged? _À —_; leisurely, at leisure. =lok=, _n.m._ _V._ =looch=. =lollard=, _n.m._, (_—s_) Lollard. =lombaire=, _adj._, (anat.) lumbar. =lombard=, _n.m._, pawnbroker; pawn-shop. _V._ =mont-de-piété=. =lombard=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, Lombard. =lombes=, _n.m.pl._, lumbar region, loins. =lombric=, _n.m._, (ent.) dew-worm, earth-worm, lob-worm. =lombrical=, =-e=, _adj._, lumbrical. =lomentacé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) lomentaceous. =lompe=, _n.m._, (ich.) lump-fish, sea-owl. =londonien=, =-ne=, _n.m.f._, Londoner. _adj._, Londonish. =londrin=, _n.m._, London cloth. =long=, =-ue= (lōn, lōng), _adj._, long, slow; tedious; prolonged, lengthened; diffuse; drawn out. _Le temps est — à qui attend_; it is weary waiting. _— à manger, — à tout_; slow at meat, slow at everything. _De —ue main_; of long standing. =long=, _n.m._, length; extent. _Cela a dix aunes de —_; that is ten ells in length. _Être couché_, _étendu_, _tout de son —_; to lie, to be lying, at full length. _Prendre le plus —_; to go the longest way round. _Tout le —_; all along. _Tout au —_; along, at large, in detail, in full. _De — en large_; up and down; to and fro. _En —_; lengthways. _Tirer de —_; to scamper away; (fig.) to put off, to procrastinate. =long=, _adv._, much, a great deal. _En savoir —_; to know what’s what. _En savoir trop —_; to know too much. =longanimité=, _n.f._, longanimity, forbearance, long-suffering. =long-courrier=, _n.m._, ocean (going) ship. =longe=, _n.f._, loin; tether, thong. _Une — de veau_; a loin of veal. =longer=, _v.a._, to go, to walk, to run along; to skirt, to coast along. =longévité=, _n.f._, longevity. =longimétrie=, _n.f._, longimetry. =longitude=, _n.f._, (geog.) longitude. _Prendre les —s_; to take the longitude. =longitudinal=, =-e=, _adj._, longitudinal. =longitudinalement=, _adv._, longitudinally. =long-jointé=, =-e=, _adj._, (man.) long-jointed. =long-pan=, _n.m._, roof-length. =longrine= _or_ =longuerine=, _n.f._, girder, sleeper. =longtemps= (lōn-tān), _adv._, long, a long while, a great while. _Depuis —_; long since, long ago, long before. _Il y a — que je ne l’ai vu_; I have not seen him for a great while. =longue= (long), _n.f._, long syllable; length, course of time. _À la —_; with _or_ in time, in the long run. =longuement= (long-mān), _adv._, long, a long time, a great while, at length. =longuet=, =-te=, _adj._, longish, somewhat long, pretty long, at great length. =longueur= (-gheur), _n.f._, length, extent; slowness, tediousness, dullness; prolixity. _Trois pieds de —_; three feet in length. _En —_; lengthwise. _Tirer les choses en —_; to delay, to cause delays; to cause any affair to drag. _Traîner en —_; to drag; to be protracted; to suffer delays. _Tirer en —_; to spin out. =longue-vue=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) small telescope; spy-glass. =looch= (lok), _n.m._, (pharm.) loch; emulsion. =lopin=, _n.m._, (pop.) lump; bit, morsel, portion, share (of eatables). _— de terre_; bit of ground. =loquace= (-kooas), _adj._, loquacious, talkative. =loquacement=, _adv._, talkatively, loquaciously. =loquacité= (-kooa-), _n.f._, loquacity, talkativeness. =loque=, _n.f._, rag, tatter. =loquèle= (-kuèl), _n.f._, small talk, gabble. =loquet=, _n.m._, latch; (of a knife) catch, hasp, clasp. _— d’écoutilles_; (nav.) hoop of the scuttles. =loqueteau= (lok-to), _n.m._, little latch. =loquette=, _n.f._, (pop.) scrap, small bit. =lord=, _n.m._, (_—s_) lord. =lorette=, _n.f._, lorette, gay woman. *=lorgnade=, _n.f._, ogle, side-look, side-glance. *=lorgner=, _v.a._, to leer, to ogle; to look through an opera-glass; to quiz; to have an eye on. _— une charge_; to have an eye on some post, to covet. *=lorgnette=, _n.f._, opera-glass. *=lorgneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, ogler. *=lorgnon=, _n.m._, eye-glass, quizzing-glass. =loriot=, _n.m._, (orni.) oriole. =lors=, _adv._, then. _Depuis_ or _dès —_; from that time, since then. _— de_; at the time of. _— même que_; even though. _Pour —_; then, at the time, since then; so, in that case, therefore. =lorsque=, _conj._, when; at the time _or_ moment. _— j’arrivai_; when I arrived. ☉=los=, _n.m._, praise. =losange=, _n.m._, (math.) lozenge; lozenge-molding. =losangé=, =-e=, _adj._, (math.) in lozenges; (her.) lozengee, lozengy. =losanger=, _v.a._, to lozenge. =lot= (lô), _n.m._, lot; portion, share; prize (in a lottery). _Le — qui lui est échu_; the portion which has fallen to his share. _Le gros —_; the first prize (in a lottery). =loterie= (lo-trî), _n.f._, lottery; raffle. _Mettre à la —_; to put in the lottery. _Gagner à la —_; to win in the lottery. _Faire une —_; to raffle. _C’est une —_; (fig.) it is a mere matter of chance. =loti=, =-e=, _part._, divided into lots; portioned out. _Le voilà bien —_; he has made a good choice. =lotier= (-tié), _n.m._, (bot.) lotus, lotos. =lotion=, _n.f._, lotion, wash; ablution. =lotir=, _v.a._, to divide into lots, to share; to portion out. =lotissage=, _n.m._, (chem.) assaying, averaging. =lotissement= (-tis-mān), _n.m._, dividing into lots, lotting. =loto=, _n.m._, loto (game of chance). =lotophages=, _n.m.pl._, Lotophagi (lotus-eaters). =lotte=, _n.f._, (ich.) lote; eel-pout. =lotus= _or_ =lotos= (-tûs, -tôs), _n.m._, (bot.) lotus, lote. =louable=, _adj._, laudable, praiseworthy, commendable; honest, honorable. =louablement=, _adv._, laudably, commendably, praiseworthily. =louage=, _n.m._, letting out, hire, hiring, renting. _À —_; on hire. _Donner à —_; to let out, to hire. _Prendre à —_; to rent, to hire. _Un cheval de —_; a hired horse. =louange=, _n.f._, praise, commendation, eulogy; glory, credit. _Donner des —s_; to bestow praise. =louanger=, _v.a._, to praise up, to flatter, to laud. =louangeu-r=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, praiser, flatterer, panegyrist; laudatory, eulogistic. =louche=, _adj._, squint-eyed; dubious, doubtful, ambiguous, suspicious, equivocal; not clear; (fig.) (of light) dim, dark; (of weather) foul, thick. =louche=, _n.m._, ambiguity, obscurity; suspicious appearance. _Il y a du — dans sa conduite_; there is something suspicious in his conduct. =louche=, _n.f._, soup-ladle; dipper. =louchée=, _n.f._, ladleful. =loucher=, _v.n._, to squint. =louchet=, _n.m._, flat spade, mattock. =louchettes=, _n.f.pl._, goggles. =loucheu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, squinter, squinting. =louer=, _v.a._, to let, to let out, to rent, to hire, to hire out, to lease; to take, to rent. _— une maison à quelqu’un_; to let any one a house. _Maison à —_; house to let. _se_ =louer=, _v.r._, to hire one’s self out; to be let; to be let for. =louer=, _v.a._, to praise, to commend, to laud, to eulogize, to speak highly of. _se_ =louer=, _v.r._, to laud, to praise, one’s self; to rejoice at; to be satisfied _or_ pleased with. _Se — de quelqu’un_; to be well pleased with any one; to be satisfied with any one. _Qui se loue s’emboue_; self praise is no recommendation. =loueu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, hirer, letter out; ☉praiser, flatterer. _— de voitures_; job-master. =lougre=, _n.m._, lugger. =louis=, _n.m._, louis (an old French coin equal to about $4.60). _— d’or_; louis d’or. =loup= (loo), _n.m._, wolf; (med.) lupus; (com.) stock-jobber; black velvet mask; domino; crowbar; packing stick, burnisher. _Gueule de —_; (bot.) snap-dragon. _Manger comme un —_; to eat ravenously; to devour. _Un saut de —_; a ha-ha; a hedge sunk between slopes, _Entre chien et —_; in the dusk of the evening, at dusk. _Renfermer le — dans la bergerie_; to set the fox to keep the geese. _Crier au —!_ to cry wolf. _Marcher à pas de —_; to walk cautiously, stealthily, like a thief. _Mettre quelqu’un à la gueule du —_; to throw any one into the lion’s mouth. _Il est connu comme le — blanc_; he is known by everybody. _Quand on parle du — on en voit la queue_; talk of the devil and he is sure to appear. _La faim chasse le — hors du bois_; hunger will break through stone walls. _Il faut hurler avec les —s_; when you are at Rome, you must do as Rome does. _Avoir vu le —_; to have seen the world; to know what’s what. _Qui se fait brebis, le — le mange_; daub yourself with honey and you will never want flies. _Il fait un froid de —_; it is terribly _or_ bitter cold. _Tenir le — par les oreilles_; to be in a critical situation. _Les —s ne se mangent pas entre eux_; there is honor among thieves. _Un vieux — de mer_; an old sea dog, an old salt. =loup-cerve=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) (mam.) she-lynx. =loup-cervier=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) lynx. =loupe=, _n.f._, magnifying-glass, lens, eye-glass; (med.) wen; (of camels) hump; (house painting) cradle. =loupeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, wenny, knobby. =loup-garou=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) man-wolf; bugbear; owl, surly dog; churlish fellow. =lourd=, =-e=, _adj._, heavy; lumpish, unwieldy; dull, clumsy, thick-headed; awkward. =lourdaud=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, lubber, lout; blockhead, loggerhead. =lourdement=, _adv._, heavily, plump; clumsily; grossly. =lourderie=, _n.f._, clumsiness, gross blunder. =lourdeur=, _n.f._, heaviness, sluggishness; dullness; weight. ☉=lourdise=, _n.f._, gross blunder. ☉=loure=, _n.f._, loure (dance). =lourer=, _v.a._, (mus.) to join the notes. =loustic=, _n.m._, wag. =loutre=, _n.f._, otter. _— marine_; sea-otter. ☉=louvat=, _n.m._, young wolf. _V._ =louveteau=. =louve=, _n.f._, she-wolf; wanton woman; (tech.) sling. =louver=, _v.a._, (tech.) to sling. =louvet=, =-te=, _adj._, fox-colored (of horses). =louveteau= (loov-to), _n.m._, young wolf. =louveter= (loov-té), _v.n._, to whelp (of wolves). =louveterie= (loov-trî), _n.f._, wolf-hunt. =louvetier=, _n.m._, wolf-hunter; (formerly) master of the wolf-hounds. =louviers=, _n.m._, Louviers cloth. =louvoyage=, _n.m._, (nav.) tacking about. =louvoyer=, _v.n._, (nav.) to tack about; to ply by boards; (fig.) to manœuvre; to dodge. =louvre=, _n.m._, Louvre (public edifice in Paris); palace, magnificent house. =love=, _n.f._, bar (of soap). =lover=, _v.a._, (nav.) to coil. =loxodromie=, _n.f._, (nav.) loxodromics; rhumb line. =loxodromique=, _adj._, loxodromic. =loyal=, =-e=, _adj._, honest, loyal, honorable, true, fair, fair-dealing, straightforward, upright; (com.) of good quality, unadulterated. _Un — chevalier_; a true knight. =loyalement= (loa-yal-mān), _adv._, fairly, loyally, honestly, faithfully, uprightly. =loyauté=, _n.f._, loyalty, honesty, honorableness, fairness, fair-dealing, integrity. =loyer=, _n.m._, hire, rent. _Donner à —_; to let. _Prendre une maison à —_; to hire _or_ rent a house. _Les —s sont élevés dans ce quartier_; rents are high in this neighborhood. =lozange=, _n.f._ _V._ =losange=. =lubie=, _n.f._, crotchet, maggot, whim. _Il lui prend souvent des —s_; he often takes whims into his head. _À —s_; crotchety, whimsical. =lubricité=, _n.f._, lubricity, lechery, lewdness. =lubrifier=, _v.a._, to lubricate. =lubrique=, _adj._, lecherous, lewd, lascivious, wanton. =lubriquement= (-brik-mān), _adv._, lasciviously, lecherously, lewdly. =lucarne=, _n.f._, skylight, dormer-window, garret-window. =lucet=, _n.m._, (bot.) whortle-berry. =lucide=, _adj._, lucid, clear. =lucidité=, _n.f._, lucidness, lucidity, clearness. =lucifer= (-fèr), _n.m._, Lucifer. =lucifuge=, _adj._, shunning the light. =luciole=, _n.f._, glow-worm; fire-fly. =lucrati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, lucrative. =lucre=, _n.m._, lucre, gain. =lucubrateur=, _n.m._, lucubrator. =lucubration=, _n.f._ _V._ =élucubration=. =lucullus=, _n.m._, (_—_) lucullus, lavish entertainer. =luette=, _n.f._, (anat.) uvula. =lueur=, _n.f._, glimmer, glimmering, light, glimpse, gleam, spark. _— blafarde_; pale glimmer. _Faible —_; faint glimmer. _Une — d’espérance_; a glimpse _or_ ray of hope. _Jeter une faible —_; to glimmer. =lugubre=, _adj._, lugubrious, doleful, dismal, mournful. =lugubrement=, _adv._, dolefully, dismally, mournfully. =lui=, _personal pron._, he; him, to him; her, to her; it, to it. _C’est —_; it is he. _Parlez-lui_; speak to him, to her. _Donnez-lui-en_; give him some. =luire= (luisant, lui), _v.n._, to shine, to glitter; to gleam, to glisten; to dawn, to appear. =luisant=, =-e=, _adj._, glistening, glittering, shining, shiny; glossy, bright, dawning. _Un ver —_; a glow-worm. =luisant=, _n.m._, gloss. =luisante=, _n.f._, (astron.) brilliant star. =luites=, _n.f.pl._ (hunt.) _V._ =suites=. =lulunithe=, _n.f._, lulunite (small fossil coral). =lumachelle=, _n.f._, (min.) lumachella, shell-marble. =lumbago= (lon-), _n.m._, lumbago. =lumière=, _n.f._, light, lamp; daylight, day; touch-hole (of a fire-arm); information; intelligence, knowledge; insight, wisdom, sagacity; luminary; (paint.) light. _À la — de_; by the light of. _Eteindre une —_; to put out a light. _Mettre en —_; to demonstrate, to bring to light, to elucidate. _Être privé de la —_; to have lost one’s sight. _La — du soleil_, _du jour_; the light of the sun, of day. _La — de la raison_; the light of reason. *=lumignon=, _n.m._, snuff (of a candle); wick (of a lamp); candle end. =luminade=, _n.f._ _À la —_; by torchlight. =luminaire=, _n.m._, luminary, light; lights (of a church). _Le — d’un enterrement_; lights (at a funeral). =luminariste=, _n.m._, lamp-lighter, gas-fitter. =lumineusement= (-neûz-mān), _adv._, luminously. =lumineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, luminous. =lunaire=, _adj._, lunar. =lunaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) lunary, moonwort. =lunaison=, _n.f._, lunation. =lunatique=, _adj._ and _n.m.f._, moon-struck; fantastical, whimsical, moon-struck, fantastical, whimsical person, lunatic. =lundi=, _n.m._, Monday. =lune=, _n.f._, moon; fit, crotchet, whim; moments. _— de mer_; (ich.) sun-fish. _La — est dans son plein_; the moon is full. _Pleine —_, _nouvelle —_; full moon, new moon. _Clair de —_; moonlight. _— rousse_; April moon. _— d’août_; harvest-moon. _— d’eau_; white water-lily. _Vouloir prendre la — avec les dents_; to attempt impossibilities. _Avoir des —s_; to have whims. _Faire un trou à la —_; to decamp, to make a moonlight flitting; to flee from one’s creditors. _Aboyer à la —_; to bay the moon. _La — de miel_; the honeymoon. =luné=, _adj._, mooned. =lunetier=, _n.m._, spectacle-maker; spectacle-seller; optician. =lunette=, _n.f._, spy-glass, eye-glass; telescope; merry-thought, wish-bone (of a fowl); seat (of a close-stool, a water-closet); (arch., fort., man.) lunette; rim (of a watch case). _pl._, spectacles. _— d’approche_; spy-glass, small telescope. _— de poche_; pocket spy-glass. _Porter des —s_; to wear spectacles. =lunetté=, =-e=, _adj._, spectacled. =luniforme=, _adj._, luniform, moon-shaped. =luni-solaire=, _adj._, lunisolar. =lunule=, _n.f._, (geom.) lune. =lunulé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) lunulate. =lupanar=, _n.m._, house of ill-fame, bawdy house. =lupercales=, _n.f.pl._, (antiq.) lupercalia. =lupin=, _n.m._, (bot.) lupine. =lupus=, _n.m._, (med.) lupus. =luride=, _adj._, lurid. =luridité=, _n.f._, luridness, lurid hue. =luron=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, jolly fellow, brick, fine fellow, determined fellow; buxom, bouncing girl. =lusiade=, _n.f._, Lusiad (Camoens’ epic poem). =lustrage=, _n.m._, (manu.) lustring. =lustral=, =-e=, _adj._, lustral. =lustration=, _n.f._, lustration. =lustre=, _n.m._, luster, brilliancy, brightness; renown, distinction, gloss; splendor; candle-stick, chandelier ornamented with drops of cut glass; luster (space of five years). =lustré=, =-e=, _part._, glossy. =lustrer=, _v.a._, to give a luster, a gloss, to. =lustrine=, _n.f._, lustring (silk stuff). =lustucru=, _n.m._, simpleton, silly Billy, muff; what-do-you-call-him. =lut= (lut), _n.m._, (chem.) luting. =luter=, _v.a._, (chem.) to lute. =luth= (lut), _n.m._, (mus.) lute. =luthéranisme=, _n.m._, Lutheranism. =luthérien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _n._ and _adj._, Lutheran. =luthier=, _n.m._, lute-maker. =lutin=, _n.m._, hobgoblin, goblin; sprite; elf, imp; lively person, wild child. _Faire le —_; to play the deuce. =lutin=, =-e=, _adj._, roguish, waggish, wanton, sprightly. =lutiner=, _v.a._, to plague, to tease, to pester. =lutiner=, _v.n._, to tear about, to play the deuce. =lutrin=, _n.m._, lectern, reading-desk, choir. =lutte=, _n.f._, wrestling; struggle, contest, strife. _S’exercer à la —_; to practice wrestling. _De haute —_; by main force, with a high hand. _De bonne —_; by fair play. =lutter=, _v.n._, to wrestle; to struggle, to contend, to strive (against), to cope with, to vie with. _— contre la tempête_; to strive against the storm. _— contre la tentation_; to struggle against temptation. =lutteur=, _n.m._, wrestler. =luxation=, _n.f._, (surg.) luxation, dislocation. =luxe=, _n.m._, luxury; display, splendor, magnificence, exuberance, profusion; extravagance, excess. _Objets de —_; fancy goods. _C’est du —_; that is unnecessary, superfluous, useless, uncalled for. =luxé=, _part._, luxated, dislocated. =luxer=, _v.a._, (surg.) to luxate, to dislocate. _se_ =luxer=, _v.r._, to become luxated. =luxueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, magnificent, rich, sumptuous. =luxueusement=, _adv._, luxuriously, sumptuously, richly. =luxure=, _n.f._, lust, lewdness. =luxuriance=, _n.f._, luxuriance. =luxuriant=, =-e=, _adj._, luxuriant. =luxurieusement=, _adv._, lustfully, lewdly. =luxurieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, lustful, lewd, wanton. =luzerne=, _n.f._, lucern, lucern-grass. =luzernière=, _n.f._, lucern field. =lycanthrope=, _n.m._, person affected with lycanthropy. =lycanthropie=, _n.f._, lycanthropy. =lycée=, _n.m._, lyceum, college, high-school, public-school. =lycéen= (-in), _n.m._, collegian, public school-boy. =lychnide=, _n.f._, (bot.) lychnis. =lyciet=, _n.m._, (bot.) lycium, box-thorn. =lycopode=, _n.m._, (bot.) lycopodium, wolf’s-claw, club-moss. =lycopside=, _n.f._, lycopsis, bugloss. =lydien=, =-ne=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, Lydian. =lymphatique=, _adj._, (med.) lymphatic. =lymphe=, _n.f._, (med.) lymph; (bot.) sap. =lynx= (links), _n.m._, lynx. _Avoir des yeux de —_; to be lynx-eyed. =lyre=, _n.f._, lyre; (fig.) talent of the poet, poetry; (astron., anat.) lyra. _Jouer de la —_; to play on the lyre. =lyrique=, _n._ and _adj._, lyric; lyrical. _Vers —s_; lyrical verses. _Poète —_; lyrical poet. _Théâtre —_; opera-house. =lyrisme=, _n.m._, dignified and poetic style; poetic enthusiasm. =lysimachie=, _n.f._, lysimachia, loose-strife, willow herb. _— bleue_; purple loose-strife. _— jaune_; willow-herb. =lysimaque=, _n.f._, (bot.) loose-strife. =lythrode=, _n.f._, (min.) lythrode. M =m= (me), _n.m._, (ème), _n.f._, the thirteenth letter of the alphabet, m. =m.= (abbrev. of _Majesté_), M., Majesty; (abbrev. of _Monsieur_) Mr., Mister. =m’=, (contraction of _Me_), me. _V._ =me=. =ma=, _possessive adj._ _f._, my. [_Mon_ is used for the feminine before a vowel or _h_ mute.] _— chère_; my dear. _Mon âme_; my soul. _V._ =mon=. =mâ=, _n.m._, china grass. =m.a.=, (abbrev. of _Maison Assurée_) house insured. =mab=, _n.f._, Mab (queen of the fairies). =mabolo=, _n.m._, date-plum. =macabre=, _adj._, used only in the expression, _danse —_; the dance of death. =macadam=, _n.m._, road metal, macadam. =macadamiser=, _v.a._, to macadamize. =macaire=, _n.m._, swindler, cheat. =macaque=, _n.m._, dog-faced monkey, baboon. =macaron=, _n.m._, macaroon. =macaronée=, _n.f._, (poet.) macaronic. =macaroni=, _n.m._, macaroni. =macaronique=, _adj._, (poet.) macaronic. =macédoine=, _n.f._, dish consisting of a medley of fruit _or_ vegetables; medley, hotch-potch, olio. =macer=, _v.a._ _V._ =masser=. =macération=, _n.f._, maceration. =macérer=, _v.a._, to macerate; (fig.) to mortify. =macérer=, _v.n._, (chem.) to soak, to stand. _se_ =macérer=, _v.r._, to macerate one’s body; to be macerated; (fig.) to mortify one’s self. =machabées= (-ka-), _n.m.pl._, Maccabees. =mâche=, _n.f._, (bot.) corn-salad, lamb’s-lettuce. =mâchecoulis= _or_ =mâchicoulis=, _n.m._, (fort.) machicolation. =mâche-dru=, _n.m._, (_—_) (pop.) glutton. =mâchefer= (mâsh-fèr), _n.m._, dross of iron, slag, clinkers; scoria, hammerslag; offal, puddler’s offal. =mâchelière=, _n.f._ and _adj._, jaw-tooth, grinder, of the jaw. _Dents —s_; jaw-teeth, grinders. =mâchement=, _n.m._, chewing, munching. =mâchemoure=, _n.f._, ship biscuit dust. =mâcher=, _v.a._, to chew, to masticate, (of a horse) to champ (the bit); to eat ravenously. _— à vide_; to chew the air; (fig., fam.) to delude one’s self with false expectations. _— de haut_; (fam.) to eat without appetite. _Il faut lui — tous ses morceaux_; everything must be ready made to his hand. _Ne pas — ce qu’on pense_; not to hesitate saying what one feels, not to mince matters, to speak one’s mind. _On lui avait mâché sa besogne_; the work had been cut and dried for him. _se_ =mâcher=, _v.r._, to be chewed. =mâcheu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, high feeder, trencher-man, muncher. _— de tabac_; chewer of tobacco. =machiavélique=, _adj._, Machiavelian. =machiavélisme=, _n.m._, Machiavelism. =machiavéliste=, _n.m._, Machiavelian. =mâchicatoire=, _n.m._, masticatory. =mâchicoulis=, _n.m._ _V._ =mâchecoulis=. =machinal=, =-e=, _adj._, mechanical, automatic, instinctive. =machinalement=, _adv._, mechanically, instinctively. =machinateur=, _n.m._, machinator, plotter, contriver. =machination=, _n.f._, machination; plot; contrivance. =machine=, _n.f._, machine, engine, implement; machinery, piece of mechanism, apparatus, appliance, intrigue, system, plan, plot; (fam.) so and so, thingummy. _— pneumatique_; air-pump. _— soufflante_; blowing-machine. _— à colonne d’eau_; water pressing engine. _— à détente de vapeur_; expansion steam-engine. _— à simple effet_; single-acting engine. _— à double effet_; double-acting machine. _— à basse_, _à haute_, _à moyenne pression_; low, high, mean pressure engine. _— à vapeur_; steam-engine. _— de vingt chevaux_; engine of twenty horse power. _— à mâter_; (nav.) shears (for masting ships). _La — va bien_, _fonctionne bien_; the machinery, the engine, works well. _— de recours_; pilot-engine. _La — ronde_; (poet., fam.) the earth, the Universe. _C’est une pure —_, _ce n’est qu’une —_; (of persons without energy) he, she, is a mere machine. _—!_ (fam.) so and so, _or_ what’s his name. =machiner=, _v.a._, to machinate, to contrive, to plot; to plan, (coin) to mill, to edge. _Il machine votre perte_; he is plotting your ruin. =machiniste=, _n.m._, machinist, engineer, engine-man; (theat.) stage-carpenter, scene-shifter. =mâchoire=, _n.f._, jaw, jawbone. _Jouer_, _s’escrimer_, _de la —_; to eat with avidity, to guzzle. _C’est une vraie —_; he is a blockhead. _Avoir la — pesante_, _lourde_; to express one’s self awkwardly, with difficulty. _— d’étau_; vice chaps. =mâchonner=, _v.a._, to chew with difficulty; to mumble, to munch, to champ (the bit). _Que mâchonnez-vous entre vos dents?_ what are you mumbling between your teeth? =mâchonneu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, mumbler. =mâchure=, _n.f._, defect in the nap (of cloth). =mâchurer=, _v.a._, to daub, to smear, to smudge, to blacken; (print.) to maculate. =macis=, _n.m._, mace (spice). =m.a.c.l.= (initial letters of the words _Maison Assurée contre l’Incendie_), house insured against fire. =maclage=, _n.m._, mixing of glass (when in the furnace). =macle=, _n.f._, (bot.) water-caltrop; (min.) macle; sort of net; (her.) mascle. _V._ =macre=. =macler=, _v.a._, to mix hard and soft glass together in the furnace. =maçon=, _n.m._, mason, bricklayer; mason, freemason. _C’est un vrai —_; he is a bungler. =maçonnage=, _n.m._, mason’s work, masonry, stone-work. =maçonner=, _v.a._, to do mason’s work, masonry; to plaster; to bungle, to do badly. _— une porte_; to wall up a door. _Voyez comme il a maçonné cela_; see in what a slovenly manner he has done that. =maçonnerie= (-so-n-rî), _n.f._, masonry, mason’s work; stone-work; masonry, free-masonry. _— en liaison_; bound masonry. _— brute_; ashlar. _— de blocaille_; rubber-work. _— maillée_; net-work. =maçonnique=, _adj._, masonic. =macquage=, _n.m._, breaking (of hemp). =macque=, _n.f._, tewing beetle. =macquer=, _v.a._, to tew, to break hemp. =macre= _or_ =macle=, _n.f._, (bot.) water-caltrop. =macreuse=, _n.f._, (orni.) black-diver, king-duck. _Avoir un sang de —_; to have a cold, frigid disposition. =macrocosme=, _n.m._, (philos.) macrocosm. =macroure=, _adj._, (zoöl.) macrourous, long-tailed; (bot.) spiked. =maculature=, _n.f._, (print.) macule, waste sheet of printed paper; coarse brown paper. =macule=, _n.f._, stain, spot; (astron.) macula. _Agneau sans —_; lamb without spot. =maculer=, _v.a._, to blot, to spot, to maculate. =maculer=, _v.n._, (print.) to become maculated, blotted. =madame=, _n.f._, madam, mistress, my lady, ma’am. _Monsieur vaut bien —_; the husband is as good as the wife. _Faire la —_; to give one’s self airs, to play the grand lady. _C’est une grosse —_; (pop.) she is a rich lady. _— y est-elle?_ is your mistress, _or_ Mrs. so and so, at home? _— la duchesse_; your grace. _— votre mère_; your mother. _Jouer à la —_; to play at lords and ladies. =madapolam=, _n.m._, long-cloth. =madéfaction=, _n.f._, (pharm.) madefaction. =madéfier=, _v.a._, (pharm.) to madefy. =madeleine=, _n.f._, (_—s_) tea-cake, bun; early pear; used also in: _pleurer comme une —_; to weep like a Magdalen. =madelonnette= (ma-dlo-nèt), _n.f._, repentant woman. _—s_; Magdalen asylum (for repentant women), female penitentiary. =mademoiselle= (mad-moa-zèl), _n.f._, miss. _— votre sœur_; your sister. _— désire-t-elle attendre?_ would you like to wait, Miss? =madère=, _n.m._, Madeira; Madeira wine. _Gâteau au —_; tipsy cake. =madone=, _n.f._, madonna. =madrague= (-drag), _n.f._, (fish) tunny-net. =madras= (-drâs), _n.m._, bandana, Madras neckerchief. =madré=, =-e=, _adj._, speckled, spotted, mottled; cunning, sly, sharp. _C’est un — compère_; he is a sly fellow, a knowing card. =madré=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, cunning, sharp, sly person. _Un fin —_; a cunning blade. =madrépore=, _n.m._, (polypes) madrepore. =madrier=, _n.m._, (fort.) madrier; piece of timber; joist, plank, board. =madrigal=, _n.m._, madrigal. =madrure=, _n.f._, speckling, spotting; mottling. =maëstral=, _n.m._ _V._ =mistral=. =mafflé=, =-e=, _or_ =mafflu=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, (fam., l.u.) chub-cheeked person; chub-cheeked. =magasin=, _n.m._, magazine, warehouse, storehouse; shop, store; stock; magazine (serial); basket (of a coach). _— de nouveautés_; linen-draper’s shop. _Marchandise en —_; stock. _Le — des jeunes Demoiselles_; the Young Ladies’ Magazine. _Garçon de —_; warehouseman; counter-jumper. =magasinage=, _n.m._, warehousing; warehouse-rent. _Droit de —_; store dues. ☉=magasiner=, _v.a._ _V._ =emmagasiner=. =magasinier=, _n.m._, warehouse-keeper. =magdaléon=, _n.m._, (pharm.) magdaleon. =mage=, _n.m._, magian. _pl._, magi, wise men of the East. ☉=mage= _or_ =maje=, _adj._, first, chief. Only used in the expression: _juge —_; chief-justice. =magenta=, _n.m._ and _adj._, magenta (color). =magicien=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, (-in, -è-n), magician. =magie=, _n.f._, magic. _— blanche_; natural magic. _— noire_; black art, witchcraft. _La — du style_; the magic of the style. =magique=, _adj._, magic, magical. _Baguette —_; magic wand. _Lanterne —_; magic-lantern. =magisme=, _n.m._, magianism. =magister= (-tèr), _n.m._, country schoolmaster; pedant, pedagogue; (Scotch) dominie. =magistère=, _n.m._, grand mastership of the order of Malta; ☉(chem., pharm.) magistery, magistral. =magistral=, =-e=, _adj._, magisterial, masterly; authoritative, dictatorial; principal, sovereign. _Remède —_; sovereign remedy. _Parler d’un ton —_; to speak in an authoritative tone. _Ligne —e_; principal outline. =magistralement= (-tral-mān), _adv._, magisterially, in a masterly manner. =magistrat=, _n.m._, magistrate, judge, corporation, municipal council (in some French towns). =magistrature=, _n.f._, magistracy bench. _— assise_; judges, bench. _— debout_; body of public prosecutors. _V._ =parquet=. =magnan=, _n.m._, silk-worm. *=magnanerie=, _n.f._, silk-worm nursery. *=magnanier=, _n.m._, silk-worm breeder. *=magnanime=, _adj._, magnanimous, high-minded, noble. *=magnanimement=, _adv._, magnanimously. *=magnanimité=, _n.f._, magnanimity, high-mindedness. =magnat= (mag-na), _n.m._, nobleman, magnate. *=magnésie=, _n.f._, magnesia. _Sulfate de —_; Epsom salts. =magnésium=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) (chem.) magnesium. *=magnétique=, _adj._, magnetic. *=magnétiser=, _v.a._, to magnetize, to mesmerize. *=magnétiseur=, _n.m._, magnetizer, mesmerist, mesmerizer. *=magnétisme=, _n.m._, magnetism, mesmerism; (fig.) attraction. =magnificat= (mag-ni-fi-kat), _n.m._, magnificat (hymn to the Virgin Mary). *=magnificence=, _n.f._, magnificence, splendor, grandeur; lavishness; largess, bounty. *=magnifico=, _n.m._, magnifico (grandee). *=magnifier=, _v.a._, to magnify, to extol, to exalt, to praise. *=magnifique=, _adj._, magnificent, gorgeous, splendid, grand; ostentatious, vain. *=magnifiquement= (-fik-mān), _adv._, magnificently, gorgeously, splendidly, grandly. =magnolia= _or_ =magnolier= (mag-no-), _n.m._, (bot.) magnolia. =magot=, _n.m._, (mam.) magot; baboon; booby; ill-favored man; grotesque figure (of china); hoard of money, hidden treasure. =mahaleb=, _n.m._, (bot.) mahaleb. ☉=maheutre= _or_ =mahoitre=, _n.f._, sleeve. ☉=maheutre=, _n.m._, Protestant soldier of the 16th century (French hist.). =mahométan=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Mahometan, Mohammedan. =mahométisme=, _n.m._, Mahometanism, Mohammedanism. =mahonille=, _n.f._, Virginian stock. =mahou=, _n.m._, coarse woolen cloth. =mahratte=, _n.m._, Mahratta. =mai=, _n.m._, May; may-pole. _Bois de —_; (bot.) hawthorn. _Planter le —_; to set up the may-pole. _Plantation de —_; may-pole dance. =maidan=, _n.m._, (_—s_) market-place (in the East). =maie=, _n.f._, (nav.) kneading-trough, bread-pan. =maïeur=, _n.m._, (local ex.) mayor. =maigre=, _adj._, meager, lean, thin, spare, slender; poor, sorry, scanty, dry, barren; (of coal) close-burning. _— échine_; bare-bones (pers.). _— comme un hareng_; as lean as a shotten herring, as thin as a lath. _Jours —s_; fish-days. _Repas —_; fish meal. _Soupe —_; herb soup (made without meat). _— chère_; poor living, poor fare. _— repas_; sorry meal. _Sujet —_; barren subject. _Ecriture —_; scraggy handwriting. =maigre=, _n.m._, lean; (ich.) umbrina; any food save meat. _Faire —_; to abstain from meat. _Traiter en —_; to treat to a fish dinner, _or_ to give no meat. _En —_; (carp.) sharply, scantily. =maigrelet=, =-te=, _adj._, thin, thinnish, lean, spare. =maigrement=, _adv._, meagerly, poorly, sorrily, sparingly. =maigret=, =-te=, _adj._, lean, poor, thin, spare. =maigreur=, _n.f._, leanness, meagerness; slenderness, thinness, sorriness, poorness, spareness, scantiness, barrenness. =maigrir=, _v.n._, to grow lean, to become lean; to grow thin, to become thin; to fall away, to waste away. _Il maigrit à vue d’œil_; he grows perceptibly thinner. *=mail=, _n.m._, mallet; mall (game); mall, promenade (place). *=maille=, _n.f._, mesh; stitch; ring, link; mail; speck (on the wings of partridges); web (in the eye); haw (in the eyes of animals); doit, stiver. _Cotte de —s_; coat of mail. _Ils ont toujours — à partir ensemble_; they have always a crow to pluck with each other, a bone to pick with one another. _N’avoir ni sou ni —_; not to have a farthing, to have nothing to bless one’s self with. =maillé=, =-e=, _adj._, stitched; mailed; speckled, spotted. _Fer —_; wire-netting. *=maillechort=, _n.m._, German silver; nickel silver. *=mailler=, _v.a._, to stitch; to lattice, to mail. _se_ =mailler=, _v.r._, to grow, _or_ get, speckled. =mailler=, _n.m._, pack-horse, sumpter horse. *=maillet=, _n.m._, mallet, beetle. *=mailloche=, _n.f._, mallet, beetle. =maillon=, _n.m._, stitch, running knot. *=maillot=, _n.m._, swaddling-band; swaddling-clothes; (of acrobats) tights, fleshings. _Enfant au —_; child in arms. *=maillure=, _n.f._, (hawking) spots, speckles. =main=, _n.f._, hand; handwriting; lead, trick, deal (at cards); hook (at the end of a well-rope); handle; hand-shovel; body-loop (of carriages); paw (of some animals). _— de papier_; quire of paper. _En lever la —_; to take one’s oath to anything. _En mettre la — au feu_; to stake one’s life on anything. _Mettre l’épée à la —_; to draw one’s sword. _Mettre le pain à la — à quelqu’un_; to put any one in the way of making a livelihood. _Donner la — à quelqu’un_; to give one’s hand to any one, to assist any one, to give any one a helping hand. _Baiser les —s à quelqu’un_; to kiss any one’s hands. _Tendre la —_; to hold out one’s hand, to lend a helping hand. _Donner les —s à une chose_; to consent to a thing. _Cheval de —_; led horse. _Cela est sous votre —_; that is under your very nose. _Il est sous sa —_; he is dependent upon him; he is in his power. _Mettre la — sur quelqu’un_; to lay hands upon any one. _Il n’y va pas de — morte_; he strikes hard, he hits with a vengeance. _Tenir la — à quelque chose_; to take anything in hand, to see that a thing is done. _Un coup de —_; (milit.) bold, unexpected attack, surprise; a bold stroke. _Tour de —_; sleight of hand. _En venir aux —s_; to come to blows. _En être aux —_; to be engaged (of troops). _Faire — basse sur_; to lay violent hands on, to plunder. _Tenir la — haute à quelqu’un_; to keep a tight hand over any one. _Il l’a fait haut la —_; he did it as easily as could be. _Mettre la dernière — à un ouvrage_; to put the finishing stroke to a work. _Battre des —s_; to clap one’s hands. _Faire crédit de la — à la bourse_; to trust no further than one can see. _Mettre la — à une chose_; to set one’s hand to a thing. _Mettre la — à la pâte_; to put one’s shoulder to the wheel. _Faire — basse sur_; to plunder, to kill, to slaughter; to seize, to lay hands on. _Il a la — bonne_; he is very handy. _Mettre la — à l’œuvre_; to set about a work. _Mettre la dernière — à une chose_; to put the finishing touch to anything. _Être en —_; to be in hand, to have in hand. _Avoir la — légère_; to be free with one’s hand. _Lâcher la —_; to give the rein, to give head; to give more liberty; to lower one’s pretensions. _J’ai toujours l’argent à la —_; I am always laying out money. _Se faire la —_; to keep one’s hand in. _Se perdre la —_; to get rusty. _Il en a les —s nettes_; his hands are clean of it. _Je m’en lave les —s_; I wash my hands of it. _J’en mettrais ma — au feu_; I would stake my life on it. _Ils se tiennent tous par la —_; they go hand in hand together. _Les —s m’en sont tombées_; I was amazed, astounded. _Froides —s, chaudes amours_; cold hand, warm heart. _Avoir la —_; to have the deal, to lead, to play first. _Avoir la — crochue_; to be light-fingered. _De la — à la bouche, se perd souvent la soupe_; there’s many a slip between the cup and the lip. _À la —_; in hand, by hand; ready. _Une chambre grande comme la —_; a room not fit to swing a cat in. _A deux —s_; with both hands. _À pleines —s_; largely, liberally, plentifully. _À toutes —s_; fit for anything; (man.) fitted to ride and drive. _A — armée_; by main force. _À la portée de la —_; within reach. _De longue —_; long since, of old standing. _De — en —_; from one to another, from hand to hand. _En un tour de —_; in a trice, in a twinkling. _Sous —_; underhand, clandestinely. _Sous la —_; at hand. _En —_; in hand. _Hors —_, _hors la —_; off-side. _En — propre_; personally, into one’s own hands. _— courante_; (com.) waste-book. =main chaude=, _n.f._, hot cockles (game). =main-d’œuvre=, _n.f._, (_—s-—_) workmanship, handicraft, manual labor, hand labor. =mainette=, _n.f._, (bot.) coral club-top. =main-forte=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) assistance, help, aid. _Prêter — à quelqu’un_; to lend a helping hand to any one. =mainlevée=, _n.f._, (jur.) replevin; withdrawal; raised hand. =mainmise=, _n.f._, (jur.) seizure. =mainmortable=, _adj._, (jur.) subject to mortmain. =mainmorte=, _n.f._, (jur.) mortmain. =maint=, =-e=, _adj._, many. _— homme_; many a man. _—es fois_; many a time. =maintenant= (min-tnān), _adv._, now, and now, at this time, at present, this moment, nowadays, by this time. =maintenir= (min-tnir), _v.a._, to sustain, to keep together; to maintain, to keep up; to secure; to enforce, to preserve. _se_ =maintenir=, _v.r._, to hold out, to stand one’s ground, to maintain one’s position; to subsist, to last, to be in force; to keep up, to be kept up, to be maintained. _Se — dans les bonnes grâces de_; to keep one’s self in the good graces of. =maintenue=, _n.f._, confirmation of; possession. =maintien= (-ti-in), _n.m._, maintenance, preservation; keeping up; carriage, deportment, bearing; attitude, demeanor. =maïolique= _or_ =majolique=, _n.f._, old Spanish _or_ Italian earthenware, faïence. =mairain=, _n.m._ _V._ =merrain=. =maire=, _n.m._, mayor. =mairie=, _n.f._, mayoralty; town-hall. =maïs= (mah-is), _n.m._, maize, Indian wheat. =mais= (mè), _conj._, but; why. _— encore_; but yet. _—, qu’ai-je fait?_ why, what have I done? _—, oui_; why, yes; yes, of course. _—, non_; why, no; no, of course. _Je n’en puis —_; I cannot help it; I have nothing to do with it. =maison=, _n.f._, house, household, home, habitation; family, race; (com.) firm. _Le devant_, _le derrière_, _d’une —_; the front, the back, of a house. _— de campagne_; country-house, country-seat. _— seigneuriale_; mansion. _— de ville_, _— commune_; town-hall. _À la —_; at home. _Tenir —_; to keep house. _Faire — nette_; to dismiss all the servants; to make a clean sweep (of servants). _Faire — neuve_; to change all one’s servants. _Garder la —_; to keep at home; to be confined to the house. _Petites-—s_; mad-house. _— garnie_; furnished house. _— d’éducation_; school, boarding-school. _— de jeu_; gaming-house. _La — du roi_; the king’s household. =maisonnée=, _n.f._, whole house _or_ family. _Faire des demandes par dessus les —s_; to make most unreasonable demands. =maisonnette=, _n.f._, small house, cottage, lodge. =maître=, _n.m._, master, owner, proprietor, landlord; ruler; instructor, teacher, governor, director; chief, head; (nav.) boatswain. _— d’école_; school-master. _— de pension_; boarding-school, _or_ house, master. _— d’étude_; usher. _— de chapelle_; precentor. _— de conférences_; lecturer. _— de forges_; iron-master. _— Jacques_; factotum; Jack-of-all-work. _— à danser_, _— de danse_; dancing-master. _— d’armes_; fencing-master. _— des hautes œuvres_; executioner. _—-des-arts_; master of arts. _— d’hôtel_; steward, butler, major-domo. _Un petit-—_; (_—s-—s_) a beau, a dandy; a fop. _— homme_; superior man. _Se rendre — de la conversation_; to monopolize the whole conversation. _Vous êtes le — d’y aller_; you are at perfect liberty to go there. _Il a trouvé son —_; he has met with his match. _Tel —, tel valet_; like master, like man. _Compter de clerc à —_; to render a minute account. _Heurter en —_; to rap hard. _De main de —_, _en —_; in a masterly manner. _— clerc_; chief clerk (of a lawyer). _Le —-autel_ (_—s-—s_); the high-altar. _— câble_; sheet cable. _— d’équipage_; boatswain (of a ship of war). _— canonnier_; master-gunner. _— de port_; harbor-master. _— de vaisseau_; commander of a merchant-ship. _Ce tableau est d’un grand —_; that picture is by a great master. _Coup de —_; masterly stroke. _Main de —_; masterly hand. _Un — gonin_; an arch cheat. =maîtresse=, _n.f._ and _adj._, sweetheart, lady-love, mistress; teacher, governess; landlady. _adj._, chief, head, leading, governing; main, consummate. _Petite-—_; lady of studied elegance. _— de pension_; school-mistress. _— d’hôtel_; landlady, hotel-keeper. _— femme_; superior woman. _— ancre_; sheet anchor. =maîtrise=, _n.f._, freedom (of a company); precentorship. =maîtriser=, _v.a._, to master, to domineer, to lord it over, to get master of, to get under; to overcome, to subdue, to control, to manage. _— ses passions_; to control one’s passions. =majesté=, _n.f._, majesty. _Crime de lèse-—_; high-treason. _Sa —_; His _or_ Her Majesty. =majestueusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, majestically. =majestueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, majestic. =majeur=, _n.m._, a male of full age, major; (mus.) major mode; middle finger. =majeur=, =-e=, _adj._, major, greater; superior, main, chief, paramount; important; of age, of full age; (mus.) major. _Force —e_; superior force; absolute necessity; “vis major.” =majeure=, _n.f._, (log.) major; of age (of a woman). =majolique=, _n.f._, majolica. =major=, _n.m._, major. _Etat-—_; (milit.) staff, staff-officers, headquarters. _— de place_; town commandant. _Tambour —_; drum major. =majorat=, _n.m._, entail; entailed estate. =majordome=, _n.m._, major-domo. =majorité=, _n.f._, majority, full age. _Arriver à sa —_; to come of age. =majuscule=, _n.f._ and _adj._, capital; large, capital letter. =maki=, _n.m._, (mam.) lemur. =makis= _or_ =maquis=, _n.m._, thicket, brushwood, bush (in Corsica). =mal=, _n.m._, evil, ill; harm, hurt, pain, ache, sickness, distemper, complaint; hardship; pity; mischief; misfortune; trouble, difficulty, labor. _— du pays_; homesickness, nostalgia. _Les maux de la vie_; the evils of life. _Rendre le bien pour le —_; to return good for evil. _De deux maux il faut choisir le moindre_; of two evils, choose the least. _Il a eu plus de peur que de —_; he was more frightened than hurt. _Il faut éviter le — et faire le bien_; do good and shun evil. _Quel — y a-t-il à cela?_ what harm is there in that? _Induire quelqu’un à —_; to lead any one into evil. _Penser à —_; to mean harm, to meditate evil. _Il a — au côté_; he has a pain in his side. _Un — de tête_; a headache. _La tête me fait —_; my head aches. _— de dents_; tooth-ache. _— d’yeux_; sore eyes. _Vous me faites —_; you hurt me. _Avoir — à_; to have a pain or pains in. _Faire —_; to ache, to be painful, to hurt. _Faire du — à_; to injure, to harm, to be injurious to. _— d’aventure_; whitlow. _— de mer_; sea-sickness. _— de cœur_; qualmishness. _En —_; amiss, ill, in a bad sense. _Aux grands maux les grands remèdes_; desperate diseases require desperate remedies. _Tomber de fièvre en chaud —_; to fall out of the frying-pan into the fire. _Dire du — de son prochain_; to speak ill of one’s neighbor. _Prendre en —_; to take offense at. _Mener_ or _conduire à —_; to bring to a bad end. _Tourner à —_; to end badly; to take a bad turn. _Tourner en —_; to misinterpret; to put a wrong construction on. _Avoir — au cœur_; to feel sick. _J’ai — à la tête_; I have a headache. =mal=, _adv._, ill, wrong, amiss, badly; uncomfortably; on bad terms. _Il écrit —_; he writes badly. _Cela va —_; things are going badly. _Vous vous y prenez —_; you go the wrong way to work. _Cet habit vous sied —_, or _vous va —_; that coat does not become you. _De — en pis_; from bad to worse. _Se trouver —_; to faint; to feel faint. _Mettre — avec_; to set at variance with. _Être — dans ses affaires_; to be low in the world. _Être — avec quelqu’un_; to be on bad terms with any one. _— à propos_; improperly, unseasonably. _Pas —_; not badly; not a little, not a few. _Être fort —_; to be very ill. _Être au plus —_; to be past recovery. _N’être pas —_; not to be bad-looking. _Trouver —_; to find amiss. _C’est — à lui de_; it is wrong of him to. =malachite= (-kit), _n.f._, (min.) malachite. =malacie=, _n.f._, (med.) malacia, depraved appetite. =malacologie=, _n.f._, malacology. =malactique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (med.) emollient. =malade=, _adj._, sick, ill, diseased; unwell, poorly, bad, sickly, infirm; affected, attacked. _— à la mort_; sick unto death. _Avoir l’air —_; to look ill. _Bras —_; sore arm. _Ces plantes sont —s_; those plants are diseased. _Rendre —_; to make ill. =malade=, _n.m.f._, sick person, sufferer, invalid; patient. _pl._, sufferers. =maladie=, _n.f._, illness, sickness, malady, disease, complaint, disorder, distemper; passion, fondness, mania. ☉_— du pays_; homesickness, nostalgia. _Faire une —_; to have an illness. _— noire_; hypochondria. =maladi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, sickly, puny, ailing, unhealthy. =maladivement=, _adv._, unhealthily, morbidly. ☉=maladiveté= (-div-té), _n.f._, sickliness, unhealthiness. =maladministration=, _n.f._, maladministration. ☉=maladrerie=, _n.f._, hospital for lepers. =maladresse=, _n.f._, awkwardness, clumsiness, unskillfulness, awkward thing, blunder; (fig.) bad shot. _—!_ bad shot! =maladroit=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, awkward person; awkward, clumsy, stupid, unskillful. _Vous êtes un —!_ what an awkward fellow you are! _C’est une —e_; she is an awkward, clumsy woman. =maladroitement= (-droat-mān), _adv._, clumsily, awkwardly. =malaga=, _n.m._, Malaga (wine). =malaguette= _or_ =maniguette=, _n.f._, Guinea-pepper. =malai= _or_ =malais=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Malay. =malai=, _n.m._, Malay language. =malaise=, _n.m._, uncomfortableness, uneasiness, discomfort. _Sentir du —_; to feel uncomfortable. _Être dans le —_; to be in straitened circumstances. =malaisé=, =-e=, _adj._, hard, difficult, rough, toilsome; inconvenient; straitened in circumstances, hard up. =malaisément=, _adv._, with difficulty, with trouble. =malandre=, _n.f._, (vet.) malanders; rotten knot (in timber). =malandreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, having rotten knots (of wood); (fig. and fam.) sickly, seedy. =malandrin=, _n.m._, brigand, highwayman, robber, ruffian, marauder. =mal-appris=, =-e=, _adj._ and _n._, unmannerly, ill-bred; ill-bred person, churl, vulgar fellow. =malart=, _n.m._, wild drake. =malavisé=, =-e=, _adj._, ill-advised, imprudent, ill-informed, unwise, silly, ill-judged. =malaxer=, _v.a._, (pharm.) to work up. =malbâti=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, ill-favored person; ill-shaped, gawky. =mal-bouché=, =-e=, _adj._ (vet.) ill-mouthed. =malchance=, _n.f._, ill-luck, mishap, mischance. ☉=malcontent=, _n.m._, disaffected man, malcontent. _Les —s_; (French hist.) the Malecontents, name of a party at the court of Charles IX. _Coiffé à la —_; with hair cut short. ☉=malcontent=, =-e=, _adj._, displeased, dissatisfied, discontented, malcontent. =maldisant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, slanderer; slanderous. =mâle=, _n.m._, male; cock. =mâle=, _adj._, male, manly, manful, vigorous, virile; masculine, he. _Air —_; manliness. _Voix —_; manly voice. _Style —_; vigorous style. =malédiction=, _n.f._, malediction, curse. _Donner sa — à_; to curse. =malefaim= (mal-fin), _n.f._, gnawing hunger. =maléfice=, _n.m._, witchcraft, sorcery. =maléficié=, =-e=, _adj._ bewitched; (fig.) worn out, broken down, decrepit. =maléfique=, _adj._, (astrol.) malevolent, malignant. =malemort=, _n.f._, tragic death; bad end. =malencontre=, _n.f._, mishap, mischance, untoward accident. =malencontreusement= (-treûz-man), _adv._, unluckily, untowardly. =malencontreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, unlucky, untoward. _Evénement —_; untoward event. =mal-en-point=, _adv._, badly off; in a sorry plight. =malentendu=, _n.m._, misunderstanding, misapprehension; mistake; misconception. =malepeste!= (mal-pèst), _int._, egad! plague on it! =mal-être=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) uncomfortableness, uneasiness, painful sensation. =malévole=, _adj._, (fam. l.u.) malevolent, evil-disposed. =malfaçon=, _n.f._, bad work; cheat, trickery. =malfaire=, _v.n._, to do evil; to do mischief; to be mischievous. =malfaisance=, _n.f._, (l.u.) evil-doing, mischief; (jur.) malfeasance. =malfaisant=, =-e=, _adj._, malevolent, mischievous, unhealthy; injurious, prejudicial. _Nourriture —e_; unwholesome food. =malfait=, =-e=, _adj._, ill-made, ill-shaped, deformed; badly done; ill-advised. =malfaiteur=, _n.m._, malefactor, evil-doer. =malfamé=, =-e=, _adj._, ill-famed. =malformation=, _n.f._, malformation. =malgracieusement=, _adv._, ungraciously, rudely, uncivilly. =malgracieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, rude, ungracious, uncivil, churlish. =malgré=, _prep._, in spite of; notwithstanding, against the will of. _Il l’a fait — moi_; he did it in spite of me. _— cela_; nevertheless; for all that; yet. =malhabile=, _adj._, unskillful, awkward. =malhabilement=, _adv._, unskillfully, awkwardly. =malhabileté= (-bil-té), _n.f._, unskillfulness, awkwardness. =malherbe=, _n.f._, deadly carrot. =malheur=, _n.m._, misfortune; mischance, mishap; unhappiness, unfortunate thing; calamity; disaster; accident; adversity; poverty; disgrace, woe. _Par —_; unhappily, unluckily. _De —_; unlucky, ill-omened. _Oiseau de —_; bird of ill-omen. _Avoir du —_; to be unfortunate. _Jouer de —_; to be unlucky. _Être en —_; to have a run of ill luck. _Porter —_; to bring ill luck. _Il n’y a qu’heur et — en ce monde_; hap and mishap govern the world. _C’est un petit —_; it is but a slight misfortune. _Un — ne vient jamais seul_; misfortunes never come singly. _À quelque chose — est bon_; it is an ill wind that blows no one any good. _Quel —!_ what a misfortune! _— à vous!_ woe betide you! _— aux vaincus!_ woe to the vanquished! _Pour comble_, or _pour surcroît de —_; to crown all; as a crowning misfortune. =malheureusement= (-reûz-mān), _adv._, unfortunately, unluckily, unhappily. =malheureu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, unfortunate, unlucky, unsuccessful, disastrous, fatal, unpleasant, disagreeable; unhappy; miserable, wretched, poor, needy. _Il est né —_; he was born unfortunate. _Il mène une vie fort —se_; he leads a most unhappy life. _Faire une fin —se_; to come to an unhappy end. =malheureu-x=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, unhappy person, wretched being; poor wretch, wretch; naughty child. _Ce — fera une mauvaise fin_; the wretch will come to a bad end. _—!_ wretch that you are! =malhonnête=, _adj._, dishonest; impolite; uncivil; rude. _n.m.f._, rude fellow, saucy baggage. =malhonnêtement= (-nêt-mān), _adv._, dishonestly; unpolitely, rudely, uncivilly. =malhonnêteté= (-nêt-té), _n.f._, impoliteness, rudeness, incivility; rude action; dishonesty, knavery. _Il est d’une — révoltante_; he is shockingly rude. =malice=, _n.f._, malice, maliciousness, spite; roguishness, archness; prank, waggish thing, roguish thing, trick, dodge. =malicieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, maliciously, malignantly; archly, roguishly, slyly. =malicieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, malicious, malignant, mischievous; roguish, waggish, arch; spiteful, sly. _Un enfant —_; a roguish child. *=malignement=, _adv._, malignantly, maliciously. *=malignité=, _n.f._, malignity, malice; maliciousness. =malin=, _n.m._, devil, evil spirit, fiend. =mali-n=, *=-gne=, _adj._, malicious, mischievous, malignant; waggish, arch, roguish; shrewd; sly, knowing, clever, cunning. _L’esprit —_, _le — esprit_; the evil one, Satan. _Un regard —_; an arch look. _Il est trop — pour se laisser attraper_; he is too shrewd to be caught. _Fièvre —gne_; malignant fever. =mali-n=, _n.m._, *=-gne=, _n.f._, malignant, malicious person; sly, shrewd, acute person; knavish person. _C’est un —_; he is a sly one, a knowing one. =maline=, _n.f._, (nav.) spring-tide. =malines=, _n.f._, Mechlin, Mechlin lace. =malingre=, _adj._, poorly, sickly, weakly, puny. =malintentionné=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, evil-minded person, evil-minded, ill-disposed. _Il est — à votre égard_; he is ill-disposed towards you. =malique=, _adj._, (chem.) malic. =malitorne=, _n._ and _adj._, awkward, ungainly, dowdy person; awkward, ungainly, gawky, clumsy. =mal-jugé=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) (jur.) erroneous judgment, error in judgment. =mallard=, _n.m._, small grindstone. =malle=, _n.f._, trunk; peddler’s box; mail, mail-coach; mail. _Faire_, _défaire_, _sa —_; to pack up, to unpack. =malléabilité= (mal-lé-), _n.f._, malleability. =malléable= (mal-lé-), _adj._, malleable. =malléole=, _n.f._, (anat.) malleolus, ankle-bone. =malle-poste=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) mail-coach. =malletier= (mal-tié), _n.m._, (l.u.) trunk-maker. =mallette=, _n.f._, small trunk; portmanteau. =mallier=, _n.m._, shaft-horse, wheeler. =malmener=, _v.a._, to use ill, to maltreat, to handle roughly; to bully, to abuse. =malotru=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, ill-bred person; uncouth person, lout, boor. *=malpeigné=, _n.m._, dirty fellow, dirty pig. _adj._, unkempt. =malplaisant=, =-e=, _adj._, unpleasant, disagreeable. =malpropre=, _adj._, dirty, slovenly, squalid, untidy; unfit for. =malproprement=, _adv._, dirtily, slovenly, squalidly. =malpropreté=, _n.f._, dirtiness, uncleanliness, slovenliness; dirt, filth. =malsain=, =-e=, _adj._, unhealthy, sickly; unwholesome, injurious, dangerous; not good for. _Cet air est —_; that air is injurious to, not good for, health. =malséance=, _n.f._, unbecomingness, unseemliness, impropriety. =malséant=, =-e=, _adj._, unbecoming, unseemly, improper. =malsonnant=, =-e=, _adj._, ill-sounding, offensive. =malt= (malt), _n.m._, malt. =maltage=, _n.m._, maltage. =malté=, =-e=, _adj._, malted. =malteur=, _n.m._, maltman, maltster. =maltraiter=, _v.a._, to maltreat; to treat harshly, to use ill, to abuse, to handle roughly; to wrong, to injure. =malvacée=, _n._ and _adj._ _f._, malvaceous plant; malvaceous. *=malveillance=, _n.f._, malevolence, ill-will, malice. *=malveillant=, =-e=, _adj._, malevolent, malignant, ill-disposed, ill-natured, spiteful. *=malveillant=, _n.m._, evil-minded person. =malversation=, _n.f._, malversation, malpractice, embezzlement, fraud. =malverser=, _v.n._, to be guilty of malversation, of malpractices; to embezzle. =malvoisie=, _n.f._, Malmsey. =malvoulu=, =-e=, _adj._, (l.u.) disliked, hated; cut, avoided. =maman=, _n.f._, mamma, mother. _Bonne —_, _grand’—_; grandmother, granny. _Une grosse —_; a fat woman. =mame= (pop.), for =madame=. =mamelle=, _n.f._, breast; teat; udder. _Un enfant à la —_; a child at the breast. =mamelon= (ma-mlon), _n.m._, nipple, teat; dug (of animals); pap (of a mountain). =mamelonné=, =-e=, _adj._, mammillated. =mamelu=, =-e= (ma-mlu), _adj._, full-breasted. =mameluk= (ma-mlook), _n.m._, Mameluke. =mamillaire= (-mil-lèr), _adj._, (anat.) mammillary. =mammaire= (mam-mèr), _adj._, (anat.) mammary. =mammalogie= (mam-ma-), _n.f._, mammalogy. =mammalogiste= (mam-ma-), _n.m._, mammalogist. =mammifère= (mam-mi-), _n.m._ and _adj._, mammifer; mammiferous. =mammiforme= (mam-mi-) _adj._, mammiform. =mammon=, _n.m._, Mammon. =mammouth=, _n.m._, mammoth. =m’amour=, (obsolete abbreviation of _ma amour_) my love, lovee. _—s_; marks of love, caresses, soft nothings; wheedling, coaxing. _Faire des —s_; to fawn upon, to coax, to wheedle. =manant=, _n.m._, ☉peasant; clown, clodhopper. *=mancenille=, _n.f._, (bot.) manchineel. *=mancenillier=, _n.m._, manchineel-tree. =manche=, _n.m._, handle; neck (of musical instruments). _— à gigot_; bone-holder. _— de gigot_; knuckle-bone (of mutton); finger-board (of a violin); tail (of a plow). _— de couteau_; knife handle. _Il branle dans le —_; he hesitates; he is irresolute. _Jeter le — après la cognée_; to throw the rope after the bucket (_i.e._ to give up in despair). =manche=, _n.f._, sleeve; (geog.) channel; (at play) rubber, game, heat; (nav.) flexible pipe, hose. _Bouts de —_; half-sleeves. _Grandes —s_; pudding-sleeves. _—s pendantes_; hanging-sleeves. _— à —_; even (at play). _Avoir une personne dans sa —_; to have somebody at one’s disposal. _C’est une autre paire de —s_; that is quite another thing _or_ a horse of another color _or_ quite another pair of shoes. _J’ai gagné la première —_; I have won the first game (of the rubber) _or_ first heat (racing). _— à vent_; (nav.) windsail. =manchette=, _n.f._, cuff, ruffle; (print.) sidenote. =manchon=, _n.m._, muff. =manchot=, =-te=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, one-handed, one-armed person; one-handed, one-armed. _Il n’est pas —_; he is no fool. =manchot=, _n.m._, (orni.) penguin. =mancienne= (-si-èn), _n.f._, mealy-tree, wayfaring-tree. =mandant=, _n.m._, (jur.) employer; (com.) principal; constituent, elector. =mandarin=, _n.m._, mandarin. =mandarine=, _n.f._, mandarin orange. =mandarinier=, _n.m._, (bot.) mandarin orange-tree. =mandat=, _n.m._, (jur.) warrant, mandate, authority, charge, commission; (com.) draft; check; money-order; order. _— de comparution_; summons to appear. _— d’arrêt_, _— d’amener_; warrant. _— de_ or _sur la poste_; money-order. _— de dépôt_; commitment. _— de perquisition_; search warrant. _— de banque_; bank-post bill. =mandataire=, _n.m._, mandatory; proxy, attorney, representative, agent. =mandater=, _v.a._, to deliver an order for the payment of; to deliver an order for. =mandement= (mān-dmān), _n.m._, mandate, order, mandamus; charge (of a bishop). =mander=, _v.a._, to write, to write word, to send word, to send for; to inform, to acquaint, to let know. _Je lui ai mandé de venir_; I have sent him word to come. _On a mandé le médecin_; the doctor was sent for. =mandibule=, _n.f._, (anat.) mandible, jaw. ☉*=mandille=, _n.f._, livery-coat. =mandoline=, _n.f._, mandolin. =mandoliniste=, _n.m._, mandolin-player. =mandore=, _n.f._, mandore (sort of lute). =mandragore=, _n.f._, (bot.) mandrake. *=mandrill=, _n.m._, (mam.) mandrill, rib-nosed baboon. =mandrin=, _n.m._, mandrel, (tech.) chuck, punch. =manducation=, _n.f._, manducation. =manéage=, _n.m._, (nav.) hand-work, handiwork. =manège=, _n.m._, manege, horsemanship; riding-school; manœuvre, by-play, trick, intrigue. =mânes=, _n.m.pl._, manes, shade, ghost, shades. =manet=, _n.m._, drift-net. =maneton=, _n.m._, lever-handle. =manette=, _n.f._, (tech.) handgear; (hort.) trowel. =manganèse=, _n.m._, manganese. =mangeable= (-jabl), _adj._, eatable, fit to eat. =mangeaille= (-jâ-i), _n.f._, food (for birds, cats); (b.s.) victuals, grub, eatables. =mangeant=, =-e= (-jān, -t), _adj._, eating. _Être bien —_; to eat heartily; to be a hearty eater. =mangeoire= (-joâr), _n.f._, manger, crib. =mangeoter=, _v.n._, to eat little, to pick one’s food; to nibble. =manger=, _v.a._, to eat; to eat up; to consume; to squander away, to run through. _Salle à —_; dining-room. _— son bien_; to squander one’s property. _À —_; to eat. _Donner à —_; to give food, to keep an eating-house. _— du bout des doigts_; to pick a bit here and there; to nibble at one’s food. _— des yeux_; to look daggers at. _On mange bien dans cet hôtel_; the cooking is excellent in that hotel. _— ses mots_; to clip one’s words. _Les gros poissons mangent les petits_; (fig.) might overcomes right. _se_ =manger=, _v.r._, to eat each other; to eat each other up; to hurt each other, to look daggers at one another; (gram.) to be cut off, elided, not pronounced. =manger=, _v.n._, to eat; to take one’s meals; to feed. _Il mange dans la main_; he eats out of your hand (of an animal). _Donnez-moi à —_; give me something to eat. =manger=, _n.m._, eating, victuals, food. _Le — et le boire_; eating and drinking. =mangerie= (man-jrî), _n.f._, (pop.) eating; exaction, extortion, imposition. =mange-tout=, _n.m._, (_—_) prodigal, spendthrift, squanderer. =mangeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, eater; great eater; spendthrift. _Un — de viandes apprétées_; a lazy fellow. _— de petits enfants_; braggart. _— de livres_; a book-worm. =mangeure= (-jur), _n.f._, place nibbled (by mice), feeding (for boars). =mangle=, _n.f._, (bot.) mangle (fruit). =manglier=, _n.m._, (bot.) mangrove, mangle. =mangonneau=, _n.m._, mangonel (an engine formerly used for throwing stones). =mangoustan=, _n.m._, (bot.) mangostan. =mangouste=, _n.f._, (mam.) ichneumon; mangostan (fruit). =mangue= (mang), _n.f._, (bot.) mango. =manguier= (-ghié), _n.m._, (bot.) mango-tree. =maniable=, _adj._, easy to be handled, workable; tractable, manageable, supple, pliable. =maniaque=, _n.m._ and _adj._, maniac. _adj._, mad, furious, eccentric; crotchety. =manichéen= (-in), =-ne=, _n._ and _adj._, Manichean. =manichéisme=, _n.m._, Manicheism. =manichordion= (-kor-), _n.m._, manichord, manicordon. =manicle=, _n.f._ _V._ =manique=. =manie=, _n.f._, mania, madness, folly, fancy, whim, hobby; inveterate habit. =maniement= _or_ =manîment=, _n.m._, handling; wielding; management, use, conduct, handling of money. _— des armes_; manual exercise. _Le — des deniers_; the management of money. =manier=, _v.a._, to feel, to handle; to touch; to use, to wield, to ply, to manage, to govern. _Il sait bien — le ciseau_; he is a fine sculptor. _Au —_; by the touch, by handling. _— une affaire_; to manage a business. =manier=, _v.n._, (man.) to act (of a horse). =manière=, _n.f._, manner, way, fashion, sort, kind; style, mannerism, affectation, fuss; attitude. _La — dont je lui ai parlé_; the way in which I spoke to him. _De — ou d’autre_; somehow or other. _Chacun a sa —_; every one has his own way of doing. _— de parler_; mode of speech. _De la bonne —_; handsomely. _Par — d’acquit_; for form’s sake. _La — de cet auteur est grande_; that author’s style is grand. _De la même —_; in the same manner. _Il a des —s agréables_; he has pleasing manners. _De — que_ or _de — à ce que_; so that. _Il est une des plus grandes —s du siècle_; he is one of the finest stylists of the century. =maniéré=, =-e=, _adj._, affected, unnatural, forced. _Air —_; affected air. =maniériste=, _n.m._, mannerist. =manieur=, _n.m._, handler, manager. =manifestation=, _n.f._, manifestation. =manifeste=, _adj._, manifest, evident. =manifeste=, _n.m._, manifesto. =manifestement=, _adv._, manifestly. =manifester=, _v.a._, to manifest, to make known, to display, to show. _— sa pensée_; to make known one’s thought. _se_ =manifester=, _v.r._, to manifest one’s self, to assert one’s self, to be made manifest. =manigance=, _n.f._, manœuvre, underhand dealing, intrigue. =manigancer=, _v.a._, to contrive, to plot, to concoct. _Se —_; to be brewing, to be concocted. =maniguette=, _n.f._ _V._ =malaguette=. =maniguière=, _n.f._, net (for catching eels). =manille=, _n.f._, (at cards) manille; manilla cheroot. =manioc=, =manihot=, _or_ =manioque=, _n.m._, (bot.) manioc, cassado, tapioca, cassava. =manipulateur=, _n.m._, manipulator. =manipulation=, _n.f._, manipulation. =manipule=, _n.m._, handful; (c.rel., antiq., pharm.) maniple. =manipuler=, _v.a._ and _n._, to manipulate. =manique= _or_ =manicle=, _n.f._, hand-leather. =maniveau=, _n.m._, osier-stand; punnet. =manivelle=, _n.f._, handle, winch, crank, (fig.) drudgery, daily round. _La — d’un gouvernail_; the whipstaff of a helm. =manne= (mâ-n), _n.f._, manna; (fig.) balm, gift. _— en larmes_; manna in flakes. _— céleste_; manna from Heaven. =manne= (ma-n), _n.f._, hamper, flat basket. _— d’enfant_; cradle. _— à marée_; fish-crate. =mannequin= (ma-n-kin), _n.m._, hamper; small hamper; (paint.) lay-figure, dummy, puppet; insignificant person. _Figure qui sent le —_; unnatural figure. _C’est un vrai —_; he is a mere automaton. =mannequiné=, =-e=, _adj._, unnatural. _Ces figures sont —es_; (paint.) those figures are unnatural, smack of the lay-figure. =manœuvre=, _n.f._, handiwork, handcraft, working, manœuvre, move, management, tactics; (nav.) rope; working (a ship); (milit.) drill. _pl._, (nav.) rigging. _—s courantes_; running-rigging. _—s dormantes_; standing-rigging. _Officier qui entend la —_; officer expert in working a ship. _Amarrer une —_; to make a rope fast. =manœuvre=, _n.m._, workman, journeyman-mason, laborer; bungler; crafty person. _Ce n’est qu’un —_; he is a mere mechanic. _Travail de —_; manual labor. =manœuvrer=, _v.a._ and _n._, to manœuvre; to work (a ship). _— les voiles_; to work the sails. _Faire — des soldats_; to drill soldiers. =manœuvrier=, _n.m._, able seaman; tactician. =manoir=, _n.m._, manor, mansion, manor-house. =manomètre=, _n.m._, (phys.) manometer. =manométrique=, _adj._, (phys.) manometrical. =manouvrier=, _n.m._, day-laborer, workman, hodman. =manquant=, =-e=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, absentee, defaulter; missing, absent, wanting, failing, short. =manque=, _n.m._, want, lack, need; shortcoming, failure, defect; (riding) stumble. _Il a trouvé dix francs de —_; he found he was ten francs short. _— de_; for want of. _— de touche_; (at billiards) miss. =manqué=, =-e=, _part._, defective; abortive, miscarried; a failure; spoilt. _Une affaire —e_, _un coup —_; a failure. _Un poète —_; a would-be poet. =manquement= (man-kmān), _n.m._, omission, shortcoming, oversight, failure, want, slip, breach. =manquer=, _v.n._, to miss, to fail; to be wanting; to be wanting in respect; to be deficient; to miss fire; to stand in need of; to forfeit, to break; to be insolvent; to be near, to have need; to be out, in want, of; to decay; to miscarry; to give way, to infringe, to disregard, to disappoint. _Arme à feu qui manque_; a fire-arm that misses fire. _Marchand qui a manqué_; bankrupt merchant. _Le cœur lui manque_; her heart fails her. _Les forces lui manquent_; his strength fails him. _Le pied lui a manqué_; his foot slipped. _L’argent lui manque_; he is short of money. _Rien ne vous manquera_; you shall want for nothing. _La poudre leur manque_; they are short of powder. _L’affaire a manqué_; the business has miscarried, the affair has fallen through. _— à son devoir_; to fail in one’s duty. _— à sa parole_; to break one’s word. _— à un rendezvous_; to fail to keep an appointment. _Je n’y manquerai pas_; I will not fail. _Il ne manque de rien_; he wants for nothing, _or_ has all he wants. _Il ne manque pas de vanité_; he does not lack vanity. _— de parole_; to fail in one’s promise. _— d’argent_; to be in want of money. _Ne manquez pas de vous y trouver_; do not fail to be there. _Il a manqué de tomber_; he was very near falling. _— à quelqu’un_, _— de respect à quelqu’un_; to be disrespectful to _or_ wanting in respect to. _Il manque de tout_; he is destitute of everything. _Vous me manquez_; I miss you. _Je vous manque_; you miss me. _Il ne manquait plus que cela!_ that was the last straw _or_ that crowns all _or_ what next, I wonder! _La — belle_; (lit. to miss a fine opportunity) to have a narrow escape. =manquer=, _v.a._, to miss, to lose. _Il a manqué son coup_; he has missed his aim. _— une occasion_; to lose an opportunity. _se_ =manquer=, _v.r._, to forget what is due to one’s self, to be wanting in self-respect, to forget one’s honor, to prove false. =mansarde=, _n.f._, attic, garret, roof. _Fenêtre en —_; attic window. _Toit en —_; curb roof. =mansardé=, =-e=, _adj._, with attics, garrets. =manse=, _n.f._, (feudality) revenue (of abbeys). _V._ =mense=. =mansuétude=, _n.f._, mildness, meekness, gentleness, forbearance. =mante=, _n.f._, mantle (woman’s). _— religieuse_; (ent.) praying mantis. =manteau=, _n.m._, cloak; mantle, train, cape; mask, pretense; (her.) mantling. _S’envelopper de son —_; to wrap one’s self up in one’s cloak. _Le — royal_; the royal mantle. _Cela se vend sous le —_; that is sold clandestinely. _Garder les —x_; to stand sentinel; to take no share in. _— de cheminée_; mantel-piece. =mantelet= (man-tlè), _n.m._, short cloak; mantlet; (fort.) mantlet. _—s de sabords_; (nav.) port-lid; (of a coach) apron. =mantelle=, _n.f._, hooded crow; the coat of a dog; the hair on its back. =mantelure= (man-tlur), _n.f._, mantling. *=mantille=, _n.f._, mantilla. =manuel=, =-le=, _adj._, manual, portable. =manuel=, _n.m._, manual, hand-book, text-book. =manuellement= (-èl-mān), _adv._, from hand to hand, manually. =manufacture=, _n.f._, manufacture, making, make; manufactory; mill, works, factory. =manufacturer=, _v.a._, to manufacture. _Se —_; to be manufactured. =manufacturi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, manufacturing. =manufacturier=, _n.m._, manufacturer. =manumission=, _n.f._, manumission. _in_ =manus=, _n.m._ _V._ =in manus=. =manuscrit=, =-e=, _adj._, manuscript matter. =manuscrit=, _n.m._, manuscript. =manutention=, _n.f._, management, care, making, fabrication; (l.u.) upholding, enforcement; (milit.) bake-house, bakery, bread-making. =manutentionner=, _v.a._, to bake for the army. =mappemonde= (map-mond), _n.f._, map of the world. _— céleste_, planisphere. =maque=, _n.f._ _V._ =macque=. =maquer=, _v.a._ _V._ =macquer=. =maquereau= (ma-krô), _n.m._, (ich.) mackerel, (l.ex.) pimp, pander; reddish spot on one’s legs; procurer, brothel-keeper. =maquerellage=, _n.m._, (l.ex.) panderism, pimping, procuring. =maquerelle=, _n.f._, (l.ex.) procuress. =maquette=, _n.f._, (sculpt.) small rough model (in clay, wax); (paint.) rough sketch, lay figure. *=maquignon=, _n.m._, (b.s.) horse-dealer; horse-jockey; jockey; jobber. _— de charges_; (b.s.) agent for the sale of offices. _— de mariages_; (b.s.) matrimonial agent. *=maquignonnage=, _n.m._, (b.s.) horse-dealing; jockeyship; bishoping; underhand work; jobbing. *=maquignonné=, =-e=, _part._, trimmed up for sale, bishoped (of horses). *=maquignonner=, _v.a._, (b.s.) to jockey, to trim, to bishop (a horse for sale); to job; to carry on any illicit trade. *=maquilleur=, _n.m._, (nav.) mackerel-boat. =maquilleuse=, _n.f._, face-painter, enameler. =maquis=, _n.m._ _V._ =makis=. =marabout=, _n.m._, marabout (priest); ill-favored man, big-bellied copper kettle; (orni.) marabou-stork feathers; a kind of ribbon. =maraîcher=, _n.m._, market-gardener. =marais=, _n.m._, marsh, feu, bog, swamp, morass; low-lying market-garden ground (Paris). _Dessécher un —_; to drain a marsh. _— salant_; salt-marsh. _Chasse au —_; moor-shooting. =marasca=, _n.m._, (hort.) sour cherry. =marasme=, _n.m._, (med.) marasmus, consumption, atrophy, emaciation. =marasquin=, _n.m._, maraschino. =marâtre=, _n.f._, step-mother; unkind, harsh mother. =maraud=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, scoundrel, rascal, knave; slut, jade. =maraudage=, _n.m._, marauding, freebooting. *=maraudaille=, _n.f._, rabble, knave. =maraude=, _n.f._, marauding; (cabmen’s slang) crawling, plying for hire. =marauder=, _v.n._, to maraud; to crawl, to ply for hire. =maraudeur=, _n.m._, marauder; crawler. =maravédis=, _n.m._, maravedi (small Spanish coin). =marbre=, _n.m._, marble; marble, slab, stone for grinding colors, etc.; (print.) imposing-stone, slab. _pl._, works, statues, etc., made of marble; samples of various kinds of marble. _Il est de —_; he is made of stone. _— jaspé_; variegated marble. _Plaque de —_; slab of marble. _— filandreux_; fibrous marble. _— terrasseux_; terrene marble. _— du gouvernail_; (nav.) barrel of the steering-wheel. _Sur le —_; (print.) in type. =marbré=, =-e=, _part._, _adj._, marbled. _Du papier —_; marbled, mottled paper. =marbrer=, _v.a._, to marble, to vein, to mottle. _Se —_; to become marbled. =marbrerie=, _n.f._, marble-cutting, marble-work, marble-yard; marble-works. =marbreur=, _n.m._, marbler. =marbrier=, _n.m._, marble-cutter, marble-polisher; marble-grainer, dealer in marble. =marbrière=, _n.f._, marble-quarry. =marbrure=, _n.f._, marbling, marble-graining. =marc= (mar), _n.m._, mark. _Poids de —_; eight-ounce weight. _Au — la livre_ or _le franc_; so many cents in the dollar. _— d’or_; a duty paid to the king by the titularies of certain offices. =marc= (mar), _n.m._, residuum (of anything squeezed, boiled, or strained). _— de raisin_; skins, husks of grapes after the last pressing. _— de café_; grounds, grouts of coffee. =marcassin=, _n.m._, young wild boar, grice. =marcassite=, _n.f._, (min.) marcasite. =marceline=, _n.f._, colored silk fabric; (min.) red silicate of manganese. =marchand=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, merchant, dealer, tradesman, shopkeeper; hawker, peddler, trader, store-keeper; buyer, customer; bidder (at auctions); (orni.) surf-scoter. _— en gros_; wholesale dealer, merchant. _— en détail_; retail merchant. _— fripier_; second-hand clothes dealer. _Petit —_; chandler. _— ambulant_, _forain_; itinerant dealer. _N’est pas — qui toujours gagne_; we must expect to meet with losses sometimes. _Y a-t-il —?_ is there a bidder, does any one bid? (at auctions). _Trouver —_; to find a customer, a purchaser. _C’est un — de soupe_; he’s a regular Squeers. _En être le mauvais —_; to get the worst of the bargain. =marchand=, =-e=, _adj._, merchantable, marketable, saleable, vendible; mercantile, trading; navigable (of rivers). _Prix —_; trade price, wholesale price. _Place —e_; trading-place. _Vaisseau —_; merchantman, merchant-ship. _Capitaine —_; merchant-captain. _Marine —e_; merchant-service; mercantile navy. =marchandage=, _n.m._, task-work, piece-work; bargaining. *=marchandailler=, _v.n._, to haggle. =marchande=, _n.f._, tradeswoman. _— lingère_; linen draper. _— d’huîtres_; oyster-woman. _— de modes_; milliner. =marchander=, _v.a._, to ask the price of, to cheapen, to bargain for, to haggle for, to chaffer for; to spare; to hesitate to expose; to grudge, to trouble. _Ne pas — quelqu’un_; not to spare any one, not to mince matters with any one. _Il ne marchande pas sa vie_; he does not hesitate to expose his life. _se_ =marchander=, _v.r._, to be cheapened, to spare each other. =marchander=, _v.n._, to haggle, to chaffer, to stand haggling, to bargain; to be irresolute, to hesitate. =marchandeur=, _n.m._, task-master, middleman; haggler, bargainer. =marchandise=, _n.f._, merchandise, goods, ware, commodity. _Faire valoir sa —_; to cry up one’s goods, to set one’s self off. _— qui plaît est à demi-vendue_; please the eye and pick the purse. =marche=, _n.f._, walk; walking; gait, march; progress, journey, course, advance; procession; step, stair; move (at chess, drafts); conduct, arrangement; way of proceeding; military frontier, border; marches, borders, between England and Wales, also between England and Scotland. _Ce vaisseau a une — avantageuse_; that vessel is a fast sailer. _Vaisseau construit pour la —_; ship built to sail very fast _or_ for speed; clipper. _Mettre en —_; to set going. _Faire une fausse —_; to play a false move. _Gagner une — sur_; to steal a march upon. _— d’un poème_; progress of a poem. _— d’escalier_; step of a staircase. _— d’un tour_; treadle of a lathe. _— de deux heures_; two hours’ walk _or_ journey. _La — de cet homme a été louche dans l’affaire_; the conduct of that man in the matter has been suspicious. _— militaire_, _— triomphale_; military, triumphal, march. _L’armée est en —_; the army is on the march. _Fermer la —_; to close the procession. _Ouvrir la —_; to lead the way. =marché=, _n.m._, market, market-place; market-time; bargain, purchase, price, rate; sale; agreement, contract, treaty. _— au blé_, _aux herbes_, _au poisson_; corn, grass, fish-market. _Bon —_; cheapness. _Conclure un —_; to strike a bargain. _Acheter_, _vendre_, _à bon —_; to buy, to sell cheap. _Avoir bon — de_; to easily get the better of. _Faire bon — d’une chose_; to hold anything cheap, not to spare; to think little of. _Mettre le — à la main à quelqu’un_; to offer any one to break off a bargain; to make any one take it or leave it. _Vous n’en serez pas quitte à si bon —_; you shall not get off so easily. _On n’a jamais bon — de mauvaise marchandise_; the best is cheapest. _Il le paiera plus cher qu’au —_; he shall smart for it, he shall repent it or rue it. _— d’or_; excellent bargain, great bargain. _Meilleur —_ or _à meilleur —_; cheaper. _C’est un — donné_; it is absolutely given away. _Par-dessus le —_; into the bargain. _Le — tient tous les jours_; the market is held every day. _Cours du —_; market-price. _Est-ce — fuit?_ is it a bargain? =marche-palier=, _n.f._, landing step. =marchepied= (marsh-pié), _n.m._, stepping-stone; towing-path; foot-board, footstool; step (of a coach, altar). _pl._, (nav.) foot-ropes of the yards. _Servir de —_; to serve as a stepping-stone. =marcher=, _v.n._, to walk, to step; to tread; to go, to travel, to march, to wade; to sail, to run, to ply; to move on, to advance, to progress; to go on; to flow, to run, to rank. _— en avant_, _en arrière_, _à reculons_; to walk forward, to walk backward. _— à grands pas_, _sur la pointe du pied_; to stride along, to walk on tiptoe. _— à quatre pattes_; to go on all-fours. _— à pas de loup_; to walk with stealthy steps. _— sur les traces de quelqu’un_; to follow in any one’s footsteps. _— sur les talons de quelqu’un_; to tread on any one’s heels. _— sur des épines_; to tread on thorns. _— de front_; to march abreast. _— droit_; to walk straight. _Faire —_; to get along, to set going. _Je le ferai — droit_; I will take care that he behaves well. _Cette montre marche bien_; this watch keeps good time. _Ce navire marche bien_; this vessel sails well _or_ is very fast. _— sur quelque chose_; to tread upon anything. _— égal à_; to be equal to. _— à l’ennemi_; to march against the enemy. _— à tâtons_; to grope or feel one’s way. =marcher=, _n.m._, walking, walk; gait, step, pace, treading, tread; ground (on which one walks). =marcher=, _v.a._, (hat-making) to press, to felt, to full, to tread. =marcheu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, pedestrian, walker, (nav.) sailer. _Bon —_; (nav.) fast-sailing, swift-sailing, vessel; fast sailer. =marcottage=, _n.m._, (hort.) layering. =marcotte=, _n.f._, (hort.) layer. =marcotter=, _v.a._, (hort.) to layer (vines, etc.). =mardelle=. _V._ =margelle=. =mardi=, _n.m._, Tuesday. _— gras_; Shrove-Tuesday. _— saint_; Tuesday before Easter; Tuesday in Passion-week. =mare=, _n.f._, pool, pond; trough (used by cider brewers). =maréage=, _n.m._, hire, pay (for a voyage). =marécage=, _n.m._, marsh, bog, fen, swamp, morass. =marécageu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, marshy, fenny, swampy, boggy. _Pays —_, _terrain —_; marshy land. =maréchal=, _n.m._, farrier, shoeing-smith; marshal, field-marshal. _— des logis_; sergeant-major (in the cavalry). _— ferrant_; farrier. _— vétérinaire_; farrier and veterinary surgeon. _— de camp_; brigadier, brigadier-general. _— de France_; Marshal of France. _Grand —_; grand marshal; earl marshal, lord high steward. =maréchalat=, _n.m._, marshalship. =maréchale=, _n.f._, field-marshal’s wife. =maréchalerie=, _n.f._, farriery. ☉=maréchaussée=, _n.f._, marshalsea, constabulary; mounted police. =marée=, _n.f._, tide, water, flood; (fresh) sea-fish. _Haute —_, _pleine —_; high water. _Basse —_; low water. _De —_; tidal. _Grande —_, _— de vive eau_; spring-tide. _— morte_; neap tide. _La — monte_; the tide is coming in. _La — descend_; the tide is going down, running out. _Prendre la —_; to take advantage of the tide. _— montante_; flood. _— descendante_; ebb. _— qui porte au vent_; wind-tide. _Aller contre vent et —_; to pursue one’s course in spite of all difficulties. _Avoir vent et —_; to sail with wind and tide. _Vendeur de —_; fishmonger. _Cela arrive comme — en carême_; that comes like fish in Lent. _Ce qui vient de flot s’en retourne de —_; lightly come, lightly go. _La — n’attend personne_; time and tide wait for no man. =marégraphe=, _n.m._, tide-gauge. =marelle=, _n.f._, hopscotch. =maremme=, _n.f._, marshy land on the seashore (in Italy). =marengo= (-rin-go), _n.m._, Oxford gray. =marengo=, _n.f._, (cook.) marengo, fowl fricasseed with mushrooms. =mareyeur=, _n.m._, fish-factor, fish-salesman; fish-carrier. =margarine=, _n.f._, (chem.) margarine. =margarique=, _adj._, (chem.) margaric. =margay=, _n.m._, (mam.) margay, tiger-cat. =marge=, _n.f._, margin (of paper, books); freedom, latitude, scope; time, means. _Ecrire une note en —_; to make a marginal note. _Laisser assez de — à quelqu’un_; to give any one sufficient scope. _Nous avons de la —_; we have time enough _or_ to spare. =margelle=, _n.f._, curb-stone, edge (of a well). =marger=, _v.a._, (print.) to regulate the margin of, to margin. =margeur=, _n.m._, (print.) layer on. =marginal=, =-e=, _adj._, marginal. =marginé=, =-e=, _part._, margined, marginated. =marginer=, _v.a._, to margin. =margot=, _n.f._, magpie, mag; talkative woman, chatterbox; dim. of =Marguerite=, Madge, Meg, Peggy. =margotin=, _n.m._, small bundle of fagots. *=margouillet=, _n.m._, (nav.) bull’s eye, wooden thimble. *=margouillis= (-goo-yee), _n.m._, (fam.) puddle, dirty plash, sludge, slop; (fig.) difficulty; embarrassment. _Laisser quelqu’un dans le —_; to leave any one in the lurch. =margrave=, _n.m.f._, margrave; margravine. =margraviat=, _n.m._, margraviate. =marguerite=, _n.f._, daisy; pearl; (nav.) messenger. _Reine-—_, (_—s-—s_) China-aster, China-star. _Faire —_; (nav.) to clap a messenger on the cable. _Jeter des —s devant les pourceaux_; to cast pearls before swine. *=marguillerie=, _n.f._, churchwardenship. *=marguillier=, _n.m._, churchwarden. =mari=, _n.m._, husband, spouse. _Affranchissement de la puissance de —_; (jur.) discoverture. _Etat de la femme en puissance de —_; (jur.) coverture. _En puissance de —_; (jur.) feme covert, under coverture. =mariable=, _adj._, marriageable. =mariage=, _n.m._, marriage, matrimony, wedlock; match; wedding; fortune, portion; union, blending. _— d’inclination_; love match. _— de raison_, _— de convenance_; prudent match, marriage for money (_or_ position). _— en détrempe_; pretended marriage, illicit intercourse. _— sous la cheminée_; marriage under the rose. _— de la main gauche_; morganatic marriage. _Contrat de —_; marriage contract. _Promettre en —_; to promise in marriage. _Rechercher une jeune fille en —_; to solicit the hand of a young girl. _Prendre en —_; to take to wife. _— de conscience_; private marriage. =marié=, _n.m._, married man; bridegroom. _pl._, married people. _Nouveaux —s_; newly-married couple. =mariée=, _n.f._, married woman; bride. _Se plaindre que la — est trop belle_; to find fault with a good bargain. =marier=, _v.a._, to marry, to give in marriage, to match; to blend; to unite. _Il a fort bien marié sa fille_; he has married his daughter very advantageously. _— la vigne avec l’ormeau_; to marry, _or_ to twine, the vine with the elm. _— des couleurs_; to blend, _or_ to combine, colors. _se_ =marier=, _v.r._, to marry, to espouse, to wed, to be married to; to match, to ally, to unite, to blend, to combine, to pair. _Il s’est marié très richement_; he has made a very rich match. _Elle est en âge de se —_; she is of an age to marry. =marie-salope=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) mud-barge. =marieu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, match-maker. =marin=, =-e=, _adj._, marine; seafaring; sea; sea-going; seaworthy. _Avoir le pied —_; to be a good sailor; (fig.) not to be put out of countenance. =marin=, _n.m._, mariner, seaman, seafaring man, sailor. _— d’eau douce_; fresh-water sailor, land-lubber. =marinade=, _n.f._, marinade, pickled meat; souse; pickles. =marine=, _n.f._, sea-affairs; sea-service; navigation; marine; navy; naval forces; taste, smell, of the sea; (paint.) sea-piece, seascape. _Officier de —_; naval officer. _— marchande_; mercantile, marine. _— militaire_ or _de l’état_; royal navy. _Soldats_, _troupes_, _de la —_; marines. _Terme de —_; sea-term. _Sentir la —_, or _avoir un goût de —_; to taste of the sea. =mariné=, =-e=, _part._, marinated, pickled; (her.) marine. _Des marchandises —es_; merchandise spoiled _or_ damaged by the sea. =mariner=, _v.a._, to marinate, to pickle, to souse; (nav.) to jerk. =maringouin=, _n.m._, (ent.) musquito. =marinier=, _n.m._, waterman, bargeman, lighterman; mariner, seaman. _Maître —_; master-bargeman. _Officiers —s_; petty officers. _à la_ =marinière=, _n.f._ _Nager à la —_; to swim on the side; (cook.) “marinière” fashion. =mariniste=, _n.m._, marine-painter. =marionnette=, _n.f._, puppet, marionette; short woman; frivolous, weak-minded woman. _pl._, puppet-show. =marital=, =-e=, _adj._, marital, pertaining to a husband. =maritalement= (-tal-mān), _adv._, maritally, as man and wife, matrimonially. =maritime=, _adj._, maritime, naval; nautical. =maritorne=, _n.f._, ill-made, coarse woman; slattern, slut, dirty woman; (at an inn) maid of all work. =marivaudage=, _n.m._, excessively refined style; mannerism, sentimentalism (writing in the style of Marivaux). =marivauder=, _v.n._, to aim at over-refinement, to write in the style of Marivaux. =marjolaine=, _n.f._, (bot.) sweet marjoram. ☉=marjolet=, _n.m._, fop, little coxcomb. =marli=, _n.m._, catgut, thread gauze. *=marmaille=, _n.f._, (fam.) brats, lots of little brats. =marmelade=, _n.f._, marmalade. _Cette viande est en —_; that meat is done to a jelly. _Mettre en —_; to beat to a jelly. _Avoir la mâchoire en —_; to have one’s jaw smashed in. =marmenteau=, _adj._, reserved, ornamental (of trees). =marmite=, _n.f._, pot, saucepan, boiler, copper. _Elles servent à faire bouillir la —_; they help to make the pot boil. _Ecumeur de —s_; sponger, parasite. _Nez en pied de —_; pug nose. _— à vapeur_; steamer. _La — bout dans cette maison_; they live well _or_ keep a good table. _La — est renversée_; they give no more dinner parties, they see no more company. ☉=marmiteu-x=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, (fam.) pitiful, poor wretch; sad, wretched, whimpering, whining, pitiful, seedy. =marmiton=, _n.m._, scullion, kitchen drudge. =marmonner=, _v.a._ and _n._ _V._ =marmotter=. =marmoréen=, =-ne=, _adj._, marmorean. =marmose=, _n.f._, (mam.) marmose. =marmot=, _n.m._, ☉monkey; (mam.) marmoset; puppet, grotesque figure; brat, little chap. _Croquer le —_; to dance attendance, to kick up one’s heels, to wait. =marmotte=, _n.f._, brat (little girl); (mam.) marmot; woman’s head-dress; (nav.) match-tub. _Dormir comme une —_; to sleep like a top. =marmotter=, _v.a._ and _n._, to mutter, to mumble, to grumble, to growl. =marmouset=, _n.m._, grotesque figure; young monkey (little boy); fire-dog, andiron. =marnage=, _n.m._, (agri.) marling, chalking, claying. =marne=, _n.f._, (agri.) marl, chalk, clay. =marner=, _v.a._, (agri.) to marl, to chalk, to clay. =marneron=, _n.m._, (agri.) marler, marl-digger. =marneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, marly. =marnière=, _n.f._, marl-pit, clay-pit, chalk-pit. =maronite=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, Maronite. =maronner=, _v.n._, (pop.) to grumble, to growl, to croak. _Faire —_; to keep waiting a long time; to tease, to plague. =maroquin=, _n.m._, morocco-leather, roan. _— du Levant_; Turkey-leather. =maroquiner=, _v.a._, to morocco. =maroquinerie= (-ki-n-rî), _n.f._, morocco-leather manufacture. =maroquinier=, _n.m._, morocco-tanner. =marotique=, _adj._, marotic (imitation of Marot’s style). =marotisme=, _n.m._, marotism (imitation of Marot’s style). =marotte=, _n.f._, fool’s bauble, cap and bells; fancy, folly, whim, hobby. _Chacun a sa —_; everybody has his hobby. =maroufle=, _n.m._, ragamuffin; booby, clod-hopper, bumpkin, clown, churl. =maroufle=, _n.f._, (paint.) lining-paste. =maroufler=, _v.a._, (paint.) to line. =marquant=, =-e=, _adj._, conspicuous, striking. _Personne —e_; person of note, of distinction. =marque=, _n.f._, mark, cipher, stamp; (com.) private mark; brand (with a hot iron); badge; trace (of footsteps) print; sign; token; testimony; proof, instance; counter (at play); pit (of the small-pox). _— de fabricant_; manufacturer’s mark. _— de la douane_; custom-house stamp. _— d’honneur_; badge of honor. _Homme de —_; man of note. _Donner à quelqu’un une — d’estime_; to give any one a proof of esteem. _Lettres de —_; letters of mark (for seizing vessels). _Ville de —_; coinage-town. _— de beau temps_; signs of fine weather. _Une — qu’il est venu, c’est qu’il a laissé ceci_; a proof that he came, is that he left this. _Faire porter ses —s à quelqu’un_; (fam.) to leave one’s mark on any one. =marqué=, =-e=, _part._, marked, evident, conspicuous, obvious; decided, pronounced; strong, resolute. _— de la petite vérole_; pitted with small-pox. _Homme — au bon coin_; a man of the right stamp. _— à l’A._; thoroughly reliable, the soul of honor. _Ouvrage — au bon coin_; excellent work. _Attentions —es_; marked attentions. _Il est né —_; he was born with a mark. _Avoir les traits —s_; to have strongly-marked features. =marquer=, _v.a._, to mark, to stamp, to note down; to brand; to stigmatize; to leave marks; to score up; to mark out, to trace out; to mark down, to note; to betoken, to bespeak, to denote; to tell, to mention, to write; to show, to give marks of, to testify, to single out. _— son jeu_; to mark one’s points at play. _Je lui ai marqué que_; I wrote to him that. _— à quelqu’un sa reconnaissance_; to show one’s gratitude to any one. _— à quelqu’un ce qu’il doit faire_; to specify to any one what he has to do. =marquer=, _v.n._, to make its appearance, to show (of a thing); to be remarked, to be evident; to be remarkable, distinguished; to set off; to be of note; to show the hour (of sun-dials); to mark, to show age by the teeth (of horses); (fenc.) to make a full pass. _Cela marquerait trop_; (fam.) that would attract too much attention. _Cet homme ne marque point_; that man is in no way remarkable. =marqueter=, _v.a._, to speckle, to spot, to inlay. =marqueterie= (-kè-trî), _n.f._, marquetry, checkered-work, checker-work, inlaid-work, inlaying, mosaic, patchwork. =marqueteur=, _n.m._, inlayer. =marquette=, _n.f._, cake (of virgin wax). =marqueur= (-keur), _n.m._, marker, scorer, tally-keeper. =marquis=, _n.m._, marquis, marquess. _— de Carabas_; (jest.) great landed proprietor. _Faire le —_; to give one’s self airs. =marquisat=, _n.m._, marquisate. =marquise=, _n.f._, marchioness; marquee, awning, verandah; settee; waist-buckle. =marquiser=, _v.a._, to style any one a marquis. _se_ =marquiser=, _v.r._, to assume the title of marquis. =marquoir=, _n.m._, bodkin. =marraine=, _n.f._, godmother, sponsor. =marre=, _n.f._, mattock, hoe. ☉=marri=, =-e=, _adj._, sorry, grieved, concerned, troubled. =marron=, _n.m._, (bot.) large French chestnut; chestnut; ☉large curl tied with a ribbon; cracker (fire-works); (milit.) mark; unlicensed broker; unlicensed printer; (print.) work printed clandestinely; chestnut color. _— d’Inde_; horse-chestnut. _— d’eau_; water-caltrops (fruit). _—s glacés_; candied chestnuts. _Tirer les —s du feu_; to pull the chestnuts out of the fire. =marron=, _adj. invariable_, maroon, chestnut-color. =marron=, =-ne=, _adj._, fugitive, runaway (of slaves); wild (of animals that have been tame); (com.) unlicensed, interloping. _Courtier —_; (com.) unlicensed broker. _Cochon —_; wild hog. =marron=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, runaway slave; maroon; free black slave (of the West Indies). =marronnage=, _n.m._, state of a runaway slave; running away (of slaves); carrying on the business of a broker without a license. ☉=marronner=, _v.a._, to curl the hair with curling-tongs. =marronnier=, _n.m._, (bot.) French chestnut-tree, chestnut-tree. _— d’Inde_; horse-chestnut-tree. =marrube=, _n.m._, (bot.) madwort; horehound; bugle-weed. =mars= (mars), _n.m._, March; (chem.) Mars (iron); (astron.) Mars; (fig., poet.) war. _pl._, seed sown in spring. _Giboulées de —_; April showers. _Champ de —_; (milit.) large drilling ground. _Cela vient comme — en carême_; that comes very seasonably, _or_ in the nick of time. =marseillaise=, _n.f._, Marseillaise (French national anthem). =marsouin=, _n.m._, (mam.) porpoise, sea-hog; ugly wretch. _Vilain —_; ugly, disagreeable man. =marsupial=, =-e=, _adj._, (natural hist.) marsupial. =martagon=, _n.m._, (bot.) martagon, mountain-lily, Turk’s-cap. =marte=, _n.f._ _V._ =martre=. =marteau=, _n.m._, hammer, clapper; knocker; (ich.) hammer-fish; hammer-oyster. _Être entre le — et l’enclume_; to be in an embarrassing position. _— à deux mains_; sledge-hammer. _— d’une arbalète_; cross. _Graisser le —_; to fee the porter. _Avoir un coup de —_; to be somewhat gone in the upper story. _Il faut être enclume ou —_; you must bite _or_ be bitten. _N’être pas sujet au coup de —_; to be one’s own master. =martel=, _n.m._, ☉hammer. [Only used in: _Avoir — en tête_; to be very uneasy. _Se mettre — en tête_; to fret one’s self to death.] =martelage=, _n.m._, (tech.) hammering; (of trees) marking. =martelé=, =-e=, _part._, hammered; (mus.) brilliant and distinct. _Vaisselle —e_; hammered plate. _Vers —s_; labored verses. =marteler=, _v.a._, to hammer; to torment, to tease, to vex, to strain, to labor. _Il martèle ses vers_; he labors his verses. =martelet=, _n.m._, little hammer. =marteleur=, _n.m._, hammerman. =martial=, =-e=, _adj._, martial, warlike, soldierly. _Code —_, _législation —e_; articles of war. =martin=, _n.m._, (orni.) pastor, (kind of starling) _La Saint-—_; Martinmas. _— pêcheur_; kingfisher. =martiner=, _v.a._, to tilt, to hammer. =martinet=, _n.m._, (orni.) martinet, martlet, swift, sea-martin; flat candlestick, hand-candlestick; tilt-hammer; cat-o’-nine-tails. _— de pic_; (nav.) peak-halliards of the mizzen. =martingale=, _n.f._, (nav., man.) martingale. _Jouer à la —_; to play double or quits. =martinisme=, _n.m._, martinism. =martiniste=, _n.m._, martinist. =martin-pêcheur=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (orni.) kingfisher. =martin-sec=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) a kind of pear. =martre=, _n.f._, (mam.) marten, sable. _— zibeline_; sable. _Prendre — pour renard_; to take a cow for a bull. =martyr=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, martyr. _Le commun des —s_; the common herd. =martyre=, _n.m._, martyrdom. _Souffrir le —_; to suffer martyrdom. _Faire souffrir le — à quelqu’un_; to make any one suffer martyrdom. =martyriser=, _v.a._, to make any one suffer martyrdom, to make a martyr of; to torment; to torture. =martyrologe=, _n.m._, martyrology. =martyrologiste=, _n.m._, martyrologist. =marum= (-rom), _n.m._, (bot.) cat-thyme. =mascarade=, _n.f._, masquerade, mask. =mascaret=, _n.m._, eddy of water, violent eddy of the tide, swelling (of waters); bar (of harbors). =mascarille=, _n.m._, a delicious kind of mushroom; the flunkey (of Molière’s comedies). =mascaron=, _n.m._, (arch.) mask, grotesque figure. =masculin=, =-e=, _adj._, masculine, male. _Fief —_; fee in tail male. =masculin=, _n.m._, (gram.) masculine. =masculiniser=, _v.a._, to make masculine. _Se —_, _v.r._, to become masculine. =masculinité=, _n.f._, masculineness, masculinity. =masque=, _n.m._, mask; blind, cloak, pretense; masker, masquerader, mummer; face-guard; (paint.) head; (arch.) mask. _Il a un bon —_; (of actors) his features are expressive. _Lever le —_; to pull off the mask. _Arraches les —s_; to tear off the disguise. ☉=masque=, _n.f._, ugly woman; naughty little girl. =masqué=, =-e=, _part._, masked; disguised. _Être toujours —_; to be always close. _Bal —_; masked ball, masquerade. =masquer=, _v.a._, to mask, to conceal, to cloak, to disguise; (milit.) to mask. _se_ =masquer=, _v.r._, to be masked, to mask; to disguise one’s self; (of things) to be disguised. =massacrant=, =-e=, _adj._, killing; cross, peevish, surly, dreadful, disagreeable. _Humeur —e_; awful temper. =massacre=, _n.m._, massacre, butchery; slaughter, havoc, waste, squandering; bungler, botcher; (hunt.) head (of a deer newly killed). =massacrer=, _v.a._, to massacre, to butcher, to murder, to slay, to slaughter; to bungle, to botch, to destroy; to hack (meat or poultry). _Cet acteur a massacré son rôle_; that actor murdered his part. _— des hardes_, _des meubles_; to spoil clothes, furniture. =massacreur=, _n.m._, slaughterer, slayer; bungler, botcher. =massage=, _n.m._, shampooing. =masse=, _n.f._, mass, heap, lump; earnings; hoard; stock; mace; butt-end, butt; (jur.) creditors, estate (of bankrupts); (com.) capital stock, capital; (tech.) sledge-hammer. _— des biens_; (jur.) estate. _— des biens immeubles_; (jur.) real estate. _— des biens meubles_; (jur.) personal estate. _— de plume_; fifty pounds of feathers. _— de héron_; heron’s crest, tuft. _— d’eau_; typha, reed-mace. _En —_; in a body, in the mass, by the bulk. _Les —s_; the people as a whole, the million, the masses. _— d’armes_; mace. _Soulever les —s_; to stir up the people. ☉=masse=, _n.f._, stake, pool (at play). =massement=, _n.m._, (milit.) massing of troops. =massepain= (mas-pin), _n.m._, marchpane (kind of cake). =masser=, _v.a._, (milit.) to mass troops; ☉to stake, to put into the pool (at play); (paint.) to mass; to shampoo. =massette=, _n.f._, (bot.) mace-reed, reed-mace; cat’s-tail. _— à larges feuilles_; great cat’s-tail. =masseur=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, shampooer. =massicot=, _n.m._, (chem.) massicot, masticot; paper-cutter. =massier=, _n.m._, mace-bearer. =massi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, massive, bulky; lumpish; massy, solid; clumsy, heavy, dull. _Figure d’argent —_; figure of solid silver, of massive silver. _Avoir l’esprit —_; to be dull-minded. =massif=, _n.m._, (gard.) group, clump, cluster (of trees, flowers); grove; solid mass, group, block, (of masonry) wall (of an oven); (mas.) solid mass. =massivement= (-siv-mān), _adv._, massively, heavily, solidly; stupidly, dully. =massiveté=, _n.f._, massiveness. =massorah= _or_ =massore=, _n.f._, masorah, massora. =massorète=, _n.m._, masorite. =massorétique=, _adj._, massoretic, masoretic. =massue=, _n.f._, club, crowbar. _Coup de —_; dreadful blow, heavy blow, knock-down blow; calamity. =mastic=, _n.m._, mastic; cement; putty; (print.) transposition. =masticage=, _n.m._, cementing, puttying. =mastication=, _n.f._, mastication, chewing. =masticatoire=, _n.m._, (med.) masticatory. =mastigadour=, _n.m._, (vet.) masticador, slabbering-bit (of a bridle). =mastiquer=, _v.a._, to putty; to cement. =mastiquer=, _v.n._, to masticate. =mastodonte=, _n.m._, (fos.) mastodon. =mastoïde=, _adj._, (anat.) mastoid. _Apophyse —_; mastoid process. =mastoïdien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, (anat.) mastoidean. =masturbation=, _n.f._, masturbation, self-pollution. =masturber=, _v.a._, to pollute. _se_ =masturber=, _v.r._, to commit self-pollution. =masulipatan=, _n.m._, calico (sort of). =masure=, _n.f._, ruins; hovel, hut, tumble-down house. =mat= (mat), =-e=, _adj._, unpolished, dead, dull; flat, insipid; heavy, sodden; (chess) mated, checkmated. _Or —_; unpolished gold. _Coloris —_; dim coloring. _Broderie —e_; heavy embroidery. =mat= (mat), _n.m._, (chess) mate; (tech.) deadening. _Donner_, _faire_, _échec et —_; to checkmate. =mât= (mâ) _n.m._, mast; pole. _Le grand —_; the main-mast. _— de perroquet_; top-gallant-mast. _— de beaupré_; bowsprit. _— de misaine_; fore-mast. _— d’artimon_; mizzen-mast. _Bas — de misaine_; lower fore-mast. _Petit — de hune_; top-mast. _— de perroquet de fougue_; mizzen top-mast. _— de perruche_; mizzen top-gallant-mast. _— à pible_; pole mast. _— vertical_; mast on end. _—s inclinés vers l’arrière_; masts hanging abaft. _— d’un brin_; mast of one piece of wood only. _— d’assemblage_; made mast. _— forcé_; mast which is sprung. _— jumelé_, _reclampé_, _renforcé_; mast fished (in a weak place or opposite any spring). _— de pavillon_; ensign staff. _—s de hune de rechange_; spare top-masts. _—s majeurs_; standing masts. _Aller à —s et à cordes_; to scud under bare poles. _—s venus à bas_; disabled masts. _Caler les —s_; to lower the masts. _Lieu d’un —_; station of a mast. _Mettre_, or _guinder_, _les —s de hune_; to heave the top-masts on end. _— de fortune_; jury mast. _— de rechange_; spare mast. _— de cocagne_; greasy pole. =matador=, _n.m._, matador; matadore (at play); magnate, big wig. =mâtage=, _n.m._, masting (of a ship). =matamore=, _n.m._, hector, bully. =matasse=, _n.f._, raw silk; raw cotton. ☉=matassins=, _n.m.pl._, matachin dance; matachins; (figs.) buffoon. =maté=, _n.m._, (bot.) maté; Paraguay tea. =mâté=, =-e=, _adj._, (nav.) masted. _— en caravelle_; fitted with pole top-masts. _— en chandelier_; masted upright. _— en frégate_; having bent, inclined, masts. _— en vaisseau_; masted as a ship of the line. _— en fourche_; masted with a gaff. _— à pible_; pole-masted. _— en polacre_; masted with three pole masts and square sails. _— en heu_; masted for a sprit. _— en galère_; masted as a galley. _Haut —_, _trop —_; over-masted. =matelas= (ma-tlâ), _n.m._, mattress; pad; wadding. _— d’un carrosse_; squab, cushion, of a coach. _— de bourre_; flock-bed. _— à air_; air mattress. =matelasser= (ma-tla-sé), _v.a._, to cover with a mattress, to stuff. =matelassi-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, mattress-maker. =matelot= (ma-tlô), _n.m._, seaman, sailor; (nav.) consort-ship. _Bon —_; able seaman. _— de première classe_; able-bodied seaman. _— à deniers_; seaman engaged for a specified time. _— à mariage_; seaman engaged for the whole voyage. _Vaisseau —_; good company-keeper. =matelotage= (ma-tlo-taj), _n.m._, seamanship; seaman’s wages, pay. =matelote= (ma-tlot), _n.f._, (cook.) matelote, fish-stew. _À la —_; seamanlike, sailor fashion. =mâter=, _v.a._, to mast; to toss up (the oars). _Machine à —_; sheers. _Machine à — flottante_; sheer-hulk. =mater=, _v.a._, to mortify, to harass (with corporal hardships); to bring down, to break down, to curb; to subdue, to conquer; to check-mate. _On a bien maté son orgueil_; his pride has been sadly brought down. _On aura de la peine à la —_; she will take some subduing. =mâtereau=, _n.m._, (nav.) small mast; spar, pole, staff. =matérialiser=, _v.a._, to materialize. =matérialisme=, _n.m._, materialism. =matérialiste=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, materialist; materialistic. =matérialité=, _n.f._, materiality. =matériaux=, _n.m.pl._, materials, material. =matériel=, =-le=, _adj._, material; coarse, gross, rough; massy, heavy, dull. _Il est —_; he is a matter-of-fact man. _Faux —_; (jur.) forgery. =matériel=, _n.m._, materials, stock, working-stock; stores, apparatus, fittings, plant. _— d’une armée_; baggage, ammunition, artillery. _— de siège_; siege apparatus. _— d’une imprimerie_; printing-office plant. =matériellement= (-rièl-mān), _adv._, materially; coarsely, grossly, roughly. =maternel=, =-le=, _adj._, maternal, motherly. _Parents —s_; relations on the mother’s side. _Langue —le_; mother-tongue. =maternellement= (-nèl-mān), _adv._, maternally. =maternité=, _n.f._, maternity. =mâteur=, _n.m._, (nav.) mast-maker. =mathématicien= (-siin), _n.m._, mathematician. =mathématique=, _n.f._, mathematics. _—s pures_; pure mathematics. _—s mixtes_; mixed mathematics. _Etudier les —_; to study mathematics. [Rarely used in the singular.] =mathématique=, _adj._, mathematical. =mathématiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, mathematically. =matière= (ma-ti-èr), _n.f._, matter; substance, stuff, fluid; subject, cause, reason, motive, grounds; theme, contents. _— brute_, _— première_; raw material. _—s d’or et d’argent_; bullion. _S’élever au-dessus de la —_; to soar above matter. _Donner — à parler_; to give occasion for talking. _En — de_; in point of, in matters of. =matin=, _n.m._, morning, noon, forenoon; prime, dawn. _Demain —_; to-morrow morning. _Se lever de grand —_; to rise very early. _Un beau —_; some fine day, _or_ one fine morning. _Un de ces quatre —s_; one of these fine days. =matin=, _adv._, early, early in the morning. _De grand_, or _de bon_, _—_; very early. =mâtin=, _n.m._, mastiff; rascal, cur. _Mâtin!_ By Jove! _Ce — de_; that scoundrel of, that confounded, that cursed. =matinal=, =-e=, _adj._, morning; early-rising; early, up early. =matinalement=, _adv._, early. =mâtine=, _n.f._, hussy, wench. _Cette — de_; that confounded, _or_ cursed. =mâtineau=, _n.m._, little mastiff. =matinée=, _n.f._, morning, forenoon, morning’s work; morning performance. _Dormir_, or _faire_, _la grasse —_; to lie in bed late in the morning, to sleep it out. =mâtiner=, _v.a._, to serve (of a mastiff); to abuse, to disparage, to snub. =matines=, _n.f.pl._, matins. =matineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._ (generally), rising early; early riser (of persons). =matini-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, morning, of the morning. [Only used in: _l’étoile —ère_; the Morning-Star.] =matir=, _v.a._, to deaden (metals). =matois=, =-e=, _adj._ and _n._, cunning, artful, sly, deep; cunning person, sly dog. _C’est un fin —_; he’s an artful blade. =matoisement=, _adv._, cunningly, slyly. =matoiserie= (ma-toa-zrî), _n.f._, cunning, slyness. =matou=, _n.m._, tom-cat; ugly person, monkey, curmudgeon. =matras= (-trâ), _n.m._, (chem.) matrass. =matricaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) matricaria, feverfew. =matrice=, _n.f._, matrix, womb; (com.) matrice; (min.) matrix; standard weight, measure, original register. =matrice=, _adj._, mother, principal, primitive, unmixed. _Eglise —_; mother-church. _Langue —_; mother-tongue. _Couleurs —s_; primitive, unmixed colors. =matricide=, _n.m._, matricide. =matriculaire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, matriculate; matriculated. =matricule=, _n.f._ and _adj._, register, matricula; matriculation, certificate of matriculation; matriculation. _Registre —_; matriculation book. =matrimonial=, =-e=, _adj._, matrimonial. =matrone=, _n.f._, matron; ☉midwife. =matte=, _n.f._, (metal.) matt. _pl._, clotted milk, curds. =maturati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) maturative. =maturatif=, _n.m._, (med.) maturant. =maturation=, _n.f._, maturation, ripening. =mâture=, _n.f._, masting, masts, mast-store; wood for masts, sheer-hack, sheers. =maturité=, _n.f._, maturity, ripeness, completion; consideration. _Avec —_; maturely, with consideration. =matutinal=, =-e=, _adj._, (l.u.) matutinal. =maubèche=, _n.f._, (orni.) knot, sandpiper. =maudire= (maudissant, maudit), _v.a._, to curse, to imprecate, to rue. =maudissable=, _adj._, execrable, detestable. =maudit=, =-e=, _part._, cursed, accursed, outcast, wretched. _— soit le maladroit!_ deuce take the clumsy fool! _— soit...!_ cursed be...! confound...! =maugréer=, _v.n._, to fret and fume, to curse and swear; to grumble. =maupiteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._ and _n._, ☉cruel, pitiless. _Faire le —_; to look miserable (without cause). =maure=, _n.m._ _V._ =more=. =mauresque=, _adj._ _V._ =moresque=. =mauricaud=, _adj._ _V._ =moricaud=. =mausolée=, _n.m._, mausoleum. =maussade=, _adj._, sulky, sullen, cross, disagreeable; unpleasant, dull, tedious; awkward; slovenly, clumsy. =maussadement= (mô-sad-mān), _adv._, disagreeably, sullenly, peevishly. =maussaderie= (mô-sa-drî), _n.f._, unpleasantness, sullenness, sulkiness. =mauvais=, =-e=, _adj._, bad, ill, evil; mischievous, ill-natured; injurious; wrong, amiss; unpleasant; contrary, adverse; (print.) battered (of letters); unhandsome. _—e nouvelle_; bad news. _— livre_; mischievous, wretched book. _Avoir —e mine_; to look ill. _Prendre quelque chose en —e part_; to take a thing ill, in a bad sense, _or_ in bad part. _—e tête_; hot-headed person. _— sujet_; worthless fellow, rascal, scoundrel. =mauvais=, _n.m._, bad. _Il faut prendre le bon et le —_; one must take the good with the bad. =mauvais=, _adv._, bad, wrong. _Sentir —_; to have a bad smell. _Il fait —_; it is bad weather. _Trouver — que_; to take it ill that. =mauve=, _n.f._, mallow; (orni.) sea-gull, sea-mew. =mauviette=, _n.f._, lark; field-lark; lath (thin person); poor stick. =mauvis=, _n.m._, (orni.) mavis, redwing, throstle. =maxillaire=, _adj._, pertaining to the jaw, maxillary. =maxime=, _n.f._, maxim. _Tenir pour — de_; to hold it as a maxim to. =maximum=, _n.m._ (_—s_), (math.) (maxima), highest, height, maximum; acme; (com.) the highest price. =mayonnaise=, _n.f._, (cook.) mayonnaise. =mazagran=, _n.m._, coffee in a glass (named after the once famous Café Mazagran). =mazette=, _n.f._, tit, poor hack (sorry horse); milksop, poor creature; dull-head, duffer (at games). _—!_ (int.) zounds! you don’t say so! =md.=, (ab. of Marchand) shopkeeper. =mde.=, (ab. of Marchande) shopkeeper. =me=, _pron._, me; to me _or_ at me. _Il — blâme_; he blames me. _Vous — parlez_; you speak to me. _— voici_; here I am. =meâ-culpâ=, _n.m._, (_—_) expression taken from the Confiteor. _Dire_, _faire_, _son —_; to repent; to confess one’s faults. =méandre=, _n.m._, meander, winding. =méat=, _n.m._, (anat.) meatus, duct, passage. =mécanicien= (-in), _n.m._, mechanician; machinist, mechanic; engine-maker; engine-man; engine-driver. _Ingénieur —_; mechanical engineer. _Serruries —_; manufacturing locksmith. =mécanique=, _n.f._, mechanics; mechanism; machine, machinery, piece of machinery; brake. _Serrer la —_; to put on the brake. =mécanique=, _adj._, mechanic, mechanical, machine-made. =mécaniquement= (-ni-kmān), _adv._, mechanically. =mécaniser=, _v.a._, to use as a machine; (pop.) to tease, to plague. _— les hommes_; to use men as mere machines. =mécanisme=, _n.m._, mechanism, machinery; structure; mechanical parts. =mécène=, _n.m._, Mæcenas (a protector of science, art, and literature). =méchamment= (mé-sha-mān), _adv._, wickedly, spitefully, maliciously, ill-naturedly. =méchanceté= (mé-shans-té), _n.f._, wickedness, spitefulness, mischievousness; crossness, naughtiness, ill-nature; ill-natured thing, ill-natured remark, reflection, slander. =méchant=, =-e=, _adj._, bad, wretched, worthless; wicked, dishonest; sorry, paltry; wicked, ill-natured, mischievous, malicious; wayward, naughty, unkind; (of a horse) vicious. _— homme_; wicked man. _Il a la mine —e_; he has an ill-natured look. _Un — poète_; a sorry, wretched poet. =méchant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, wicked person; evil doer, reprobate; naughty child. _Faire le —_; to be fractious (of a child). =mèche=, _n.f._, wick (of a lamp _or_ candle); tinder; match; screw, bit, auger; worm (of cork-screws, wimbles); (surg.) tent; center-bit; whip-lash, lock (of hair). _— anglaise_; center-bit. _Découvrir_, _éventer_, _la —_; (milit.) to discover the enemy’s match by means of a countermine; to find out the secret of a plot. _— de cheveux_; lock of hair. _Il n’y a pas —_; it’s no go; it can’t be done. _S’il y a —_; if it can be managed. ☉=méchef=, _n.m._, mischief, mischance; harm. =mécher=, _v.a._, to fumigate with brimstone, to sulphur. =mécompte= (mé-kont), _n.m._, miscalculation; mistake, error; disappointment, drawback. _Il a trouvé bien du —_; he has experienced great disappointment. =mécompter=, _v.n._, to strike wrong (of clocks). _se_ =mécompter= (mé-kon-tè), _v.r._, to miscalculate; to be disappointed; to be out in one’s reckoning. _Il s’est mécompté dans son raisonnement_; he is out in his reasoning. =méconium= (-om) _n.m._, (med.) meconium. =méconnaissable=, _adj._, not to be recognized; unrecognizable. =méconnaissance=, _n.f._, unthankfulness, ungratefulness, ingratitude. =méconnaissant=, =-e=, _adj._, thankless, ungrateful, unmindful. =méconnaître=, _v.a._, not to know again, not to recognize; to disown, to disregard, not to know; to ignore, to slight, not to appreciate. _Il méconnaît ses parents_; he disowns his relations. _se_ =méconnaître=, _v.r._, to forget one’s self. =méconnu=, =-e=, _part._, unacknowledged; unrecognized; ignored, disowned, disregarded. =mécontent=, =-e=, _adj._, dissatisfied, displeased, discontented. _Il est — de vous_; he is displeased with you. _Vous êtes — de tout_; you are discontented with everything. =mécontent=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, dissatisfied person; malcontent. _C’est un —_; he is a discontented man. =mécontentement= (-tan-tmān), _n.m._, discontent, discontentedness, dissatisfaction, displeasure. _Donner du — à_; to displease. =mécontenter=, _v.a._, to discontent, to dissatisfy, to displease. =mécréance=, _n.f._, infidelity, unbelief, irreligion. =mécréant=, _n.m._, unbeliever, infidel. =mécroire=, _v.n._, to disbelieve. =médaille=, _n.f._, medal; (arch.) medallion; (of porters) badge, ticket; license. _— d’honneur_; prize-medal. _Chaque — a son revers_; everything has its bright and its dark side. _Le revers de la —_; the dark side of the picture. _Tourner la —_; to turn the tables. _La — est renversée_; the tables are turned. *=médaillé=, =-e=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, with a medal as a reward; (of porters) licensed. _n._, medalist, prize-winner. =médailleur=, _n.m._, die-sinker. *=médaillier=, _n.m._, cabinet of medals. *=médailliste=, _n.m.f._, medalist. *=médaillon=, _n.m._, medallion; locket. =médecin= (mé-dsin), _n.m._, physician, doctor. _Faire venir le —_; to send for the doctor. _Il est abandonné des —s_; the doctors have given him up. _Docteur médecin_; doctor of medicine. _Un — d’eau douce_; a water-gruel doctor. _— chirurgien_; general practitioner. _— empirique_; quack doctor. _Le temps est un grand —_; time cures all ills _or_ time is the great healer. =médecine= (mé-dsi-n), _n.f._, medicine, physic. _Etudiant en —_; medical student. _— légale_; forensic medicine. _— noire_; black draught. =médeciner= (mé-dsi-né), _v.a._, to physic, to doctor. _se_ =médeciner=, _v.r._, to physic, to doctor one’s self. =médial=, =-e=, _adj._, (gram.) medial. =médian=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) mesial, middle. =médianoche=, _n.m._, meat-supper (after midnight). =médiante=, _n.f._, (mus.) mediant. =médiastin=, _n.m._, (anat.) mediastine. =médiat=, =-e=, _adj._, mediate. =médiatement= (mé-dia-tmān), _adv._, mediately. =médiat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, mediator, mediatrix. _adj._, mediatory. =médiation=, _n.f._, mediation. =médiatisation=, _n.f._, mediatization. =médiatiser=, _v.a._, to mediatize. =médical=, =-e=, _adj._, medical. _Matière —e_; materia medica. =médicament=, _n.m._, medicament. =médicamentaire=, _adj._, concerning medicines. =médicamentation=, _n.f._, doctoring, physicking. =médicamenter=, _v.a._, to physic, to doctor. _se_ =médicamenter=, _v.r._, to physic, to doctor one’s self. =médicamenteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, medicamental. =médication=, _n.f._, medication. =médicinal=, =-e=, _adj._, medicinal. =médimne=, _n.m._, (antiq.) medimnus. =médiocre=, _adj._, mediocre, middling, ordinary, moderate, passable, indifferent. =médiocre=, _n.m._, mediocrity. =médiocrement=, _adv._, middlingly, indifferently, tolerably; poorly, hardly, barely. =médiocrité=, _n.f._, mediocrity; moderate competence, moderate fortune, very ordinary performance. =médique=, _adj._, Median. =médionner=, _v.a._, to average; to take the average. =médire=, _v.n._, to slander, to speak ill of, to backbite, to traduce. _— de son prochain_; to speak ill of one’s neighbor. =médisance=, _n.f._, slander, scandal, backbiting; piece of slander. =médisant=, =-e=, _adj._ and _n._, slanderous, scandalous; slanderer. _Il ne faut pas croire les —s_; slanderers are not to be believed. =méditati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._ and _n._, meditative; meditative person. =méditation=, _n.f._, meditation, thought. =méditer=, _v.a._, to meditate, to think over, to consider, to reflect; to contemplate, to plan. _— la ruine de quelqu’un_; to plot any one’s ruin. =méditer=, _v.n._, to contemplate. _Passer sa vie à —_; to spend one’s life in meditation. =méditerrané=, =-e=, _adj._, mediterranean, midland, inland. _La mer —e_; the Mediterranean Sea. =méditerranéen=, =-ne=, _adj._, mediterranean. =médium= (-om), _n.m._, (_—s_) medium; middle. =médius=, _n.m._, middle-finger. =médullaire= (mé-dul-ler), _adj._, medullary, medullar; (bot.) pithy. =méduse=, _n.f._, (zoöl.) medusa, sea-nettle, jellyfish. =meeting=, _n.m._, (_—s_) meeting. =méfaire=, _v.n._, to do evil, to do harm, wrong. =méfait=, _n.m._, misdeed; crime. =méfiance=, _n.f._, mistrust, distrust, suspicion, caution. _La — est mère de la sûreté_; safe bind, safe find. =méfiant=, =-e=, _adj._, mistrustful, distrustful, suspicious; cautious. _se_ =méfier= (=de=), _v.r._, to mistrust, to distrust, to suspect; to beware, to mind; to be on one’s guard (against). =mégalosaure= _or_ =mégalosaurus=, _n.m._, (foss.) megalosaurus. =mégapode=, _n.m._, jungle-fowl. =mégarde=, _n.f._, inadvertence. _Par —_; inadvertently. =mégathérium=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (foss.) megatherium. =mégère=, _n.f._, (myth.) Megæra; shrew, vixen, termagant. =mégie=, _n.f._, tawing, leather-dressing. =mégisser=, _v.a._, to taw. =mégisserie= (mé-gi-srî), _n.f._, tawing, leather-dressing. =mégissier=, _n.m._, tawer, leather-dresser. *=meilleur=, =-e=, _adj._, better, preferable, more comfortable, best. _Le —_; the best. *=meilleur=, _n.m._, best; best wine. _Le — du conte_ or _de l’histoire_; the best of the story. _Le — n’en vaut rien_; the bad is the best. =meistre= _or_ =mestre=, _n.m._, (nav.) mast, main mast. _Mât de —_; main mast (of ships with lateen sails). =méjuger=, _v.a._, to misjudge. _se_ =méjuger=, _v.r._, to overreach one’s self. =mélampyre=, _n.m._, (bot.) cow-wheat. =mélancolie=, _n.f._, melancholy, sadness, melancholia. _Chasser la —_; to drive away the spleen. _Il n’engendre point la —_; he is a merry fellow. =mélancolique=, _adj._, melancholy, dismal, gloomy; sad, dull; stern. _Séjour —_; dismal abode. =mélancoliquement= (-lik-mān), _adv._, sadly, gloomily, sorrowfully, mournfully. =mélange=, _n.m._, mixture, mingling, crossing; medley; mash (for brewing). _pl._, miscellaneous works, miscellanea. _Un bonheur sans —_; unalloyed happiness. _Sans —_; unmixed, unblended; (fig.) pure, unalloyed. =mélanger=, _v.a._, to mix, to mingle, to blend; to cross; to mash, to intermix, to dash. _se_ =mélanger=, _v.r._, to mix, to mingle, to blend, to temper; to be mashed. =mélasse=, _n.f._, molasses, treacle. =mêlé=, =-e=, _part._, mixed; miscellaneous; medley (of verses); irregular; (of rhymes) mixed. =mêlée=, _n.f._, conflict; fray, fight, scramble, squabble; thick of the fight; altercation, dispute, clash. =mêler=, _v.a._, to mingle, to mix, to mix up; to blend; to intersperse, to temper; to put in; to jumble; to bring in, to implicate, to involve; to shuffle (cards); to entangle. _— du fil_; to entangle thread. _— les cartes_; to shuffle the cards. _— une serrure_; to force a lock. _Il est mêlé dans une mauvaise affaire_; he is mixed up in a bad business. _se_ =mêler=, _v.r._, to mingle, to be mingled, to be mixed; to tamper; to blend; to trouble one’s self about; to intermeddle; to interfere (with, in); to take upon one’s self, to presume; to take part in; to dabble in; to set one’s self to do; to engage in. _Se — dans la foule_; to mingle with the crowd. _Se — de_; to meddle with, to intermeddle. _Mêlez-vous de vos affaires_; mind your own business. _De quoi vous mêlez-vous?_ what business is that of yours? _Se — ensemble_; to commingle. =mélèze=, _n.m._, (bot.) larch, larch-tree. =mélianthe=, _n.m._, (bot.) honey-flower. =mélilot=, _n.m._, (bot.) melilot, sweet-trefoil. =méli-mélo=, _n.m._, (_—_) (fam.) medley, jumble. =mélinet=, _n.m._, (bot.) honeywort. =mélique=, _n.f._, _adj._, (bot.) melic grass. _Poésie —_; melic poetry. =mélisse=, _n.f._, (bot.) balm-mint, garden-balm. _Eau de —_ or _eau des Carmes_; melissa water. =mellifère=, _adj._, melliferous. =mellifères=, _n.m.pl._, melliferous insects. =mellification=, _n.f._, mellification. =melliflu=, =-e=, _adj._, mellifluous, honeyed, sweet. =meillifluité=, _n.f._, mellifluence. =mellithe=, _n.f._, honey-stone, mellite. =mélodie=, _n.f._, melody, melodiousness, sweetness, harmony. =mélodieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, melodiously, musically, sweetly. =mélodieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, melodious, musical, tuneful. =mélodique=, _adj._, (mus.) melodious. =mélodramatique=, _adj._, melodramatic. =mélodramaturge=, _n.m._, melodramatist. =mélodrame=, _n.m._, melodrama. =mélomane=, _n.m._, melomaniac, person music-mad. =mélomanie=, _n.f._, melomania. =melon=, _n.m._, melon; (fig.) jockey-cap, hunting-cap; (of persons) simpleton, muff, flat. _— musqué_; musk-melon. _— d’eau_; watermelon. =meloné=, =-e=, _adj._, melon-shaped. =melongène= _or_ =mélongène=, _n.f._, mad-apple, egg-plant. =melonnière=, _n.f._, melon-pit; melon-bed. =mélopée=, _n.f._, (mus.) melopœia. =méloplaste=, _n.m._, (mus.) sounding-board; meloplast. =mémarchure=, _n.f._, sprain (in a horse’s leg). =membrane=, _n.f._, (anat.) membrane, film; (orni.) web. =membraneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, membranous, filmy. =membre=, _n.m._, member; limb; (nav.) ribtimber. =membré=, =-e=, _adj._, limbed. _Bien —_; having well-made and well-proportioned limbs. =membru=, =-e=, _adj._, large-limbed, stout-limbed. =membrure=, _n.f._, limbs, frame; cord (to measure fire-wood); ribs, timbers (of a ship); (carp.) split-board. =même=, _adj._, same; self; very own. _Une seule et — origine_; one and the same origin. _C’est la — chose_; it is all one. _Moi-même_; myself. _Eux-—s_; themselves. _C’est la bonté —_; she is goodness itself. _La — chose_; the same thing. _La chose —_; the very thing. =même=, _adv._, even, also, likewise. _Il lui a tout donné, — ses habits_; he has given him everything, even to his clothes. _Les plus sages — le font_; even the wisest do it. _Quand — il me l’aurait dit_; even though he had said it me. _À — de_; in a position to, able to. _Mettre à —_; to enable. _Boire à — la bouteille_; to drink out of the bottle itself. _Vous êtes à — de rendre service à cet homme_; you are in a position to do that man a service. _Il vous a mis à — de le faire_; he has enabled you to do it. _De —_; the same; so; like. _Faites de —_; do the same. _Tout de —_; all the same, in the same manner. _De — que_; in the same manner as, so as, as. =même=, _n.m._, same, same thing. _Cela revient au —_; it comes to the same thing _or_ it is all the same. _Faire au —_; (at billiards) to pocket straight. _Faire_ or _refaire au —_; to take in, to cheat; to give like for like; to pay back in his own coin; to give (any one) as good as he brings. =mêmement=, _adv._, also, even, likewise. =mémento= (-min-), _n.m._, (_—s_) memento, reminder, hint. =mémoire=, _n.f._, memory, recollection, remembrance; commemoration; fame. _Avoir une — de lièvre_; to have a very short memory. _— fidèle_; retentive memory. _Je n’en ai pas la moindre —_; I have not the slightest recollection of it. _De — d’homme on n’a vu telle chose_; such a thing has not been seen within the memory of man. _Des choses dignes de —_; things worthy of commemoration. _Remettre dans la —_, _conserver la — de_; to remind, to remember. _Rappeler quelque chose à la — de quelqu’un_; to bring anything to any one’s recollection, to remind any one of anything. _En — de_; in memory of. _Réhabiliter la — d’un défunt_; to restore the fair fame of any one. _À la — de_; in memory of. _Si j’ai bonne —_; if I remember rightly. =mémoire=, _n.m._, memorial; memorandum; bill, account. _Dresser un —_; to draw up a memorial. _— acquitté_; bill receipted. _— d’apothicaire_; exorbitant bill. =mémorable=, _adj._, memorable. =mémorandum= (-dom), _n.m._, memorandum; memorandum-book; memorial. =mémorati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (fam.) mindful; recollecting. _Être — de quelque chose_; to remember anything. =mémorial=, _n.m._, memorial; (com.) waste-book. =mémorialiste=, _n.m._, memorialist. =menaçant=, =-e=, _adj._, menacing, threatening. D’une manière —e; threateningly. =menace=, _n.f._, menace, threat. _— en l’air_; empty threat. _Paroles de —_; threatening words. =menacer=, _v.a._, to threat, to threaten, to menace; to forebode, to portend; to impend. _— de la main_; to threaten to strike (any one). _L’air nous menace d’un orage_; the air presages a storm _or_ there is thunder in the air. _— ruine_, _— de tomber_; to totter, to be on the point of ruin, to decay, to threaten to fall. =ménade=, _n.f._ _V._ =bacchante=. =ménage=, _n.m._, housekeeping, household; housewifery, house; household goods; family; husbandry, economy, saving. _Toile de —_; home-spun linen. _Liqueurs de —_; home-made wines. _Tenir —_, _être en —_; to keep house, to be a house-keeper. _Entrer en —_; to begin housekeeping. _Rompre son —_; to leave off housekeeping. _Dépense de —_; household expenses. _— de garçon_; bachelor’s household. _Faire bon —_; to live well together. _Pain de —_; household bread. _Toile de —_; homespun cloth. _Femme de —_; charwoman. _Elle entend bien le —_; she is a good house-wife. _Vivre de —_; to live sparingly. _Faire le —_; to do the housework. _Mettre en —_; to settle any one. =ménagement= (-na-jmān), _n.m._, regard, respect, consideration; circumspection, caution, discretion; management, conduct. =ménager=, _v.a._, to husband, to manage, to spare, to be sparing, to save, to be saving; to take care of, to be careful of, to conduct carefully; to treat with caution, to treat gently, to treat kindly, to treat with respect, to humor, to bring about; to reserve; to procure; to contrive; to dispose, to arrange, to prepare; to help to. _— son bien_; to husband one’s fortune. _— quelqu’un_; to treat any one with respect, consideration. _Je n’ai rien à —_; I have no measures to keep. _Pour — notre faiblesse_; out of compassion for our weakness. _— les termes_; to weigh what one says. _— l’occasion_; to improve the opportunity. _— ses forces_; to spare one’s strength. _— ses amis_; to forbear being troublesome to one’s friends. _— son crédit_; to make the most of one’s credit. _Je lui ai ménagé une place_; I helped him to get a situation. _— ses ressources_; to husband one’s resources. _— une agréable surprise à_; to prepare, to procure, an agreeable surprise for. _— une étoffe_; to make the most of a stuff. _— un escalier dans un bâtiment_; to contrive a staircase in a house. _— la chèvre et le chou_; to hold with the hare and run with the hounds. _Qui vaut aller loin ménage sa monture_; he who wishes to live long avoids excess. _se_ =ménager=, _v.r._, to take care of one’s self; to spare one’s self; to behave with care, with caution, to conduct one’s self cautiously. _Se — avec quelqu’un_; to keep in, to keep on good terms, with any one. _Se — entre deux partis contraires_; to steer a successful course between two adverse parties, and remain friendly with both. =ménager=, _v.n._, to save, to save up. _Il ménage pour ses enfants_; he is saving up for his children. =ménag-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, thrifty, saving, sparing, provident, frugal. =ménager=, _n.m._, economist; thrifty, saving, frugal, sparing man. _Être bon — du temps_; to husband one’s time well. =ménagère=, _n.f._, economical housewife; thrifty, saving, frugal, sparing woman; housewife; housekeeper; (of things) cruet-frame, cruet-stand. =ménagerie= (-na-jrî), _n.f._, menagerie. =mendiant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, beggar, mendicant; beggar-woman; (c.rel.) mendicant-friar, mendicant. _Les quatre —s_; the four orders of mendicant friars; raisins, figs, almonds, and nuts (at dessert). =mendicité=, _n.f._, beggary, mendicity; beggars; vagrancy. _La — est interdite_; begging is forbidden, _or_ no begging allowed. =mendier=, _v.a._ and _n._, to beg; to beg for; (b.s.) to solicit meanly, to implore. _Il mendie son pain_; he begs his bread. _— sa vie_; to live by begging. =mené=, =-e=, _part._ _adj._, led. _— par sa femme_; henpecked. =meneau=, _n.m._, (arch.) mullion. =menée=, _n.f._, underhand dealing, secret practice, plot, conspiracy; track. _Suivre la —_; (hunt.) to follow the track. =mener=, _v.a._, to carry, to conduct, to lead, to drive (a carriage), to bring; to direct, to head, to command, to guide, to sway, to influence; to introduce, to take, to take along with; to amuse; to lead about, to manage, to steer; to handle; to humbug, to bamboozle. _— les bêtes aux champs_; to drive the cattle to the fields. _— paître les vaches_; to take, to drive, cows to pasture. _— quelqu’un en prison_; to convey any one to jail. _— un enfant par la lisière_; to have a child in leading-strings. _— quelqu’un à la baguette_; to rule any one with a tight hand. _— tambour battant_; to carry it with a high hand over. _— un grand train_; to make a great show. _— le branle_; to take the lead. _Menez-moi chez le ministre_; introduce me to the minister. _— de front_; to have several things on hand. _— bien sa barque_; to manage one’s affairs well. =mener=, _v.n._, to drive; to lead, to conduct, to go. _Ce chemin mène à la ville_; this road leads to the town. _Cela ne mène à rien_; that leads to nothing, that is of no use. =ménestrel=, _n.m._, minstrel. =ménétrier=, _n.m._, village fiddler. =meneur=, _n.m._, driver; agent for wet-nurses; leading man, ringleader. =meneuse=, _n.f._, female agent for wet-nurses, baby-farmer. =menhir=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (archæology) druidical-stone; menhir (standing-stone). =méniane=, _n.f._, (arch.) verandah, balcony (in Italy). =ménianthe=, _n.m._, (bot.) bog-bean, marsh-trefoil. =menin=, _n.m._, young nobleman attached to the person of the Dauphin, minion, favorite (French hist.). =méninge=, _n.f._, (anat.) meninges. =méningite=, _n.f._, (med.) meningitis. =ménippée=, _adj._ and _n.f._, of satires in the style of those of the philosopher Menippus. _Satire —_, _la —_; a satire which appeared in 1593 against the party of the Ligue (French hist.). =ménisperme=, _n.m._, (bot.) menispermum, moon-seed. =ménisque=, _n.m._, (opt.) meniscus. =ménologe=, _n.m._, menology. =menotte=, _n.f._, (fam.) little hand (of a child). _pl._, handcuffs, manacles. _Mettre les —s à_; to handcuff. =mense=, _n.f._, (of abbeys) income, revenue, stock; ☉table, board (food). =mensole=, _n.f._, (archit.) keystone. =mensonge=, _n.m._, lie, falsehood, untruth, story; error, illusion, vanity. _Débiter des —s_; to tell lies. _Tout petit —_, _— de rien_, _— de marchand_; white lie. =mensong-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, lying, untrue, deceitful, false, counterfeit, illusory. =mensongèrement=, _adv._, falsely, deceitfully, untruely; illusively. =menstrue=, _n.m._, (chem.) menstruum. =menstruel=, =-le=, _adj._, (med.) menstrual. _Flux —_; menses, catamenia. =menstrues=, _n.f._, (physiology) menses, catamenia. =mensuel=, =-le=, _adj._, monthly. =mensuellement=, _adv._, monthly. =mensurabilité=, _n.f._, mensurability. =mensurable=, _adj._, mensurable. =mental=, =-e=, _adj._, mental. =mentalement= (-tal-mān), _adv._, mentally. =menterie= (man-trî), _n.f._, story, fib, falsehood, untruth. =menteu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, lying, false, deceitful. =menteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, liar, story-teller, fibber. _Un — de profession_; a confirmed liar. =menthe=, _n.f._, (bot.) mint. _— aquatique_; water-mint. _— verte_; spearmint. _— poivrée_; peppermint. =mention=, _n.f._, mention, mentioning, naming. =mentionner=, _v.a._, to mention, to make mention of, to name. =mentir= (mentant, menti), _v.n._, to lie, to tell a lie, a story, a falsehood, an untruth; to fib, to speak false. _Gardez-vous bien de —_; beware of lying. _Il en a menti_; he is a liar. _Il n’enrage pas pour —_; he does not stick at a lie. _Se — à soi-même_; to belie one’s self. _À beau — qui vient de loin_; (prov.) travelers tell fine tales _or_ lie with impunity. _Sans —_, _à ne point —_; to tell the truth, in fact, indeed, candidly, really. =menton=, _n.m._, chin. _— en galoche_; turned-up chin. _— à double étage_; double chin. _— qui avance_; prominent chin. _Avoir deux —s_; to be double-chinned. =mentonnet=, _n.m._, (mec.) ear, tipper; catch. =mentonni-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, (anat.) of the chin. =mentonnière=, _n.f._, chin-piece, chin-band, chin-strap; bandage for the chin. =mentor= (min-), _n.m._, mentor, guide, tutor. =menu=, =-e=, _adj._, small, slender, spare, thin, inconsiderable, petty, minor. _Le — peuple_; the common people, the lower classes. _— plomb_; small shot. _— gibier_; small game. _— bétail_; small cattle. _—s plaisirs_; pocket-money. =menu=, _n.m._, minute detail, particulars. _Le — d’un repas_; the bill of fare. _Un paquet de —_; a bundle of small linen. _Par le —_; minutely, in detail. =menu=, _adv._, small, fine; minutely; with quick and short steps. _Il pleuvait dru et —_; the rain fell fine and fast. _Marcher_, _trotter_, _dru et —_; to walk with short and quick steps. *=menuaille=, _n.f._, small money; fry, small fish; trash. =menuet=, _n.m._, minuet. =menuiser=, _v.a._ and _n._, to do carpenter’s work. =menuiserie= (-nui-zrî), _n.f._, joinery, joiner’s work; carpentry. =menuisier=, _n.m._, joiner, carpenter and joiner. _— en bâtiments_; house-carpenter. =menuisière=, _n.f._, carpenter’s wife. =menuisière=, _adj.f._, (ent.) carpenter. _Abeille —_; carpenter-bee. =ménure=, _n.f._, lyre-bird; lyre-pheasant. =méphitique=, _adj._, mephitic. =méphitisme=, _n.m._, mephitis, mephitism. =méplat=, _n.m._, (paint.) flat, flat part, flattish curve. =méplat=, =-e=, _adj._, (carp., paint.) flat, flatwise. _se_ =méprendre=, _v.r._, to mistake; to make a mistake; to be mistaken; to be under a mistake; to misapprehend; (fig.) to forget one’s self, to be wanting in respect. _Vous vous méprenez_; you mistake; you forget yourself. _C’est à ne pas s’y —_; you cannot make a mistake. _C’est son père, à s’y —_; you would easily take him for his father; he is the dead-spit of his father. =mépris=, _n.m._, contempt, scorn, contumely. _pl._, contumelious language, contemptuous treatment. _Avoir du — pour quelqu’un_; to feel contempt for any one. _Au — des lois_; in defiance of the laws. _Témoigner du — pour_; to evince contempt for. _Tomber dans le —_; to fall into contempt. _La familiarité engendre le —_; familiarity breeds contempt. =méprisable=, _adj._, contemptible, despicable. =méprisablement=, _adv._, despicably. =méprisant=, =-e=, _adj._, contemptuous, scornful. =méprise=, _n.f._, mistake, oversight, misunderstanding; misapprehension; error. _Lourde —_; gross mistake. _Faire une grande —_; to make a great mistake. =mépriser=, _v.a._, to contemn, to despise, to scorn; to slight; to set at naught; to undervalue; to disregard. =mer= (mèr), _n.f._, sea, deep, ocean, main; tide, water; jar (frequently replenished). _La haute —_; main sea; high sea; high water. _— basse_; shallow sea, low water. _Port de —_; sea-port. _Un coup de —_; (nav.) a sea. _Homme de —_; seafaring man. _Loup de —_; expert seaman, Jack Tar; old salt. _D’outre-—_; beyond the seas. _En pleine —_; on the open sea, on the high seas. _Chercher quelqu’un par — et par terre_; to look for any one high and low. _C’est la — à boire_; it is an endless task, an impossibility. _Porter de l’eau à la —_; to carry coals to Newcastle. _La — est belle_; the sea is smooth. _Tenir la —_; to keep at sea. _Tenir bien la —_; to be a good sea-boat. _Jeter_, _tomber_, _à la —_; to throw, to fall, overboard. _Embarquer un coup de —_; to ship a sea. _Gros coup de —_; heavy sea. _Mettre à la —_; to put to sea. _Pouvoir tenir la —_; (nav.) to be seaworthy (of a ship). _En —_; at sea. _Prendre la —_; to go to sea. _Mal de —_; seasickness. _Il y avait beaucoup_ or _pas mal de —_; there was a good sea on. _Ecumeur de —_; sea-rover. _Entouré par la —_; sea-girt. _Apporté par —_; sea-borne. =mercadet=, _n.m._, jobber. =mercantile=, _adj._, mercantile, commercial; (fig.) grasping, sordid. *=mercantille=, _n.f._, (l.u.) petty trading; hucksterage. =mercenaire=, _adj._, mercenary, venal. =mercenaire=, _n.m._, mercenary, hireling. =mercenairement= (-nèr-mān), _adv._, mercenarily. =mercerie=, _n.f._, mercery, haberdashery. =merci=, _n.f._ (_n.p._), mercy, discretion, will, pleasure. _Crier —_; to cry for mercy. _Don d’amoureuse —_; lady’s favors. _Se mettre_, or _être_, _à la — de quelqu’un_; to be, to place one’s self, at any one’s mercy, discretion. =merci=, _n.m._, thanks; thank you. _Dieu —_; thank God! _Grand —!_ much obliged! _Sa —_; (old) thanks to him. =merci=, _adv._, thank you, I have had quite enough, I’d rather not. =merci-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, mercer, haberdasher. _Petit —_; haberdasher. =mercredi=, _n.m._, Wednesday. _— des Cendres_; Ash-Wednesday. =mercure=, _n.m._, (astron.) Mercury; quick-silver. =mercuriale=, _n.f._, harangue, lecture, reprimand, curtain lecture, censure, rebuke; rating; averages, average prices of grain; (bot.) mercurialis. =mercuriel=, =-le=, _adj._, mercurial. _Onguent —_; mercurial ointment. =merde=, _n.f._, dirt, dung; excrements (of man and animals). _—!_ you be blowed! =mère=, _n.f._, mother; (of animals) dam; (fig.) cause, source, reason. _Belle-—_, (_—s-—s_) mother-in-law; step-mother. _Grand’—_, (_— —s_), (pop.) _—-grand_, (_—s-—_) grandmother. _Dure-—_, (_n.p._) dura mater. _Pie-—_, (_n.p._) pia mater. _Eau —_; mother water. _L’oisiveté est la — de tous les vices_; idleness is the mother of all vices. _— nourrice_; foster-mother. _La — patrie_; the mother-country. _Notre — commune_; our mother-earth. =mère=, _adj._, mother; chief, primitive. _— goutte_; unpressed wine. _— laine_; fine wool. =méreau=, _n.m._, counter, ticket, check. =mérelle=, _n.f._ _V._ =marelle=. =méridien= (-in), _n.m._, meridian. =méridien=, =-ne=, _adj._, meridian. =méridienne= (-di-è-n), _n.f._, siesta, afternoon nap; meridian line. _Faire la —_; to take an afternoon nap. =méridional=, =-e=, _adj._, meridional, southern. =méringue= (-ringh), _n.f._, meringue (cake). =mérinos= (-nôs), _n.m._, merino sheep; merino (stuff). =merise=, _n.f._, wild cherry. =merisier=, _n.m._, wild cherry-tree. =méritant=, =-e=, _adj._, meritorious, worthy, deserving. =mérite=, _n.m._, merit, worth; desert, talent, attainments. _Il sera traité selon ses —s_; he shall be dealt with according to his deserts. _Se donner le — de quelque chose_; to assume the merit of anything. _Se faire un — de_; to make a merit of. _Remplir son —_; to act up to one’s reputation. =mériter=, _v.a._ and _n._, to deserve, to merit; to earn; to procure, to gain; to need, to require. _Il mérite d’être récompensé_; he deserves to be rewarded. _Cette nouvelle mérite confirmation_; that news requires confirmation. _Cela ne mérite pas qu’on en parle_; that is not worth mentioning. =mérithalle=, _n.m._, (bot.) internode. =méritoire=, _adj._, meritorious. =méritoirement= (-toâr-mān), _adv._, meritoriously. =merlan=, _n.m._, (ich.) whiting; (b.s.) journeyman hair-dresser. =merle=, _n.m._, (orni.) blackbird. _— aquatique_; water-ouzel. _C’est un fin —_; he is a cunning blade _or_ fellow. _Dénicheur de —s_; person not to be trusted. _On ne prend pas les vieux —s à la pipée_; old birds are not to be caught with chaff. =merlette=, _n.f._, (her.) martlet, hen blackbird. =merlin=, _n.m._, (nav.) marline; cudgel; cleaver, chopper, pole-ax (tool). =merlon=, _n.m._, (fort.) merlon. =merluche=, _n.f._, (ich.) dried haddock; stockfish; salt-cod. =merlus=, _n.m._, hake; haddock. =merrain=, _n.m._, broad lath, planks, stave-wood, (hunt.) horn (of deer); (cooperage) clap-board. *=merveille=, _n.f._, wonder, marvel, miracle, prodigy. _À —_; admirably done, wonderfully well, capitally. _Faire des —s_; to perform wonders. _Promettre monts et —s_; to promise wonders. _Mes affaires vont à —_; my affairs are going on admirably, swimmingly. _Se porter à —_; to be in splendid health, to be very fit. *=merveilleuse=, _n.f._, affected lady. *=merveilleusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, wonderfully, admirably; wonderfully well. *=merveilleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, wonderful, wondrous, marvelous; remarkable. *=merveilleux=, _n.m._, wonderful, marvelous part; marvelous, exquisite; coxcomb, swell, dandy, beau. =mes= (mè), _adj.m.f.pl._, my. =mésadvenir= _or_ =mésavenir=, _v.imp._, (l.u.) to come to any harm, to turn out ill. =mésair= _or_ =mézair=, _n.m._, (man.) prancing. =mesaise=, _n.m._, uncomfortableness, uneasiness. =mésalliance=, _n.f._, misalliance, disparagement, bad match. =mésallier=, _v.a._, to disparage; to marry (beneath one); (fig.) to lower, to degrade. _se_ =mésallier=, _v.a._, to disparage one’s self; to lower _or_ degrade one’s self; to contract a misalliance; to marry beneath one. =mésange=, _n.f._, titmouse, tomtit, tit. =mésangette=, _n.f._, bird trap. =mésarriver= _or_ =mésavenir=, _v.imp._, to come to any harm, to happen unluckily, to turn out ill. =mésaventure=, _n.f._, mischance, mishap, misadventure. =mésembryanthème=, _n.m._, (bot.) fig-marigold. =mésentère=, _n.m._, (anat.) mesentery. =mésentérique=, _adj._, (anat.) mesenteric. =mésestime=, _n.f._, bad opinion, disesteem; disfavor, discredit, disrepute. =mésestimer=, _v.a._, to disesteem, to undervalue, to depreciate, to despise. =mésintelligence=, _n.f._, misunderstanding, variance, disagreement. =mésinterprétation=, _n.f._, misinterpretation, misconstruction. =mésinterpréter=, _v.a._, to misinterpret, to misconstrue. =mesmérisme=, _n.m._, mesmerism. =mésoffrir=, _v.n._, to underbid. =mesquin=, =-e=, _adj._, mean, shabby; paltry, poor, pitiful; niggardly, illiberal. =mesquinement= (-ki-n-mān), _adv._, shabbily, meanly. =mesquinerie= (-ki-n-rî), _n.f._, meanness, shabbiness; mean _or_ paltry thing; stinginess, paltriness. =mess=, _n.f._, (_—_) (milit.) mess, officers’ table. =message=, _n.m._, message; errand. =messag-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, messenger, fore-runner, harbinger; carrier. _Les hirondelles sont les —ères du printemps_; swallows are the fore-runners _or_ harbingers of spring. =messagerie= (mé-sa-jri), _n.f._, stage-coach office; stage-coach, coach, stage; carriage of goods; goods traffic, goods department. _—s liners_; steam packets. =messaline=, _n.f._, dissolute woman, strumpet. =messe=, _n.f._, (c.rel.) mass. _— haute_, _grand’—_ (_—-—s_); high mass, grand mass. _Petite —_, _— basse_; low mass. _— des morts_, _— de requiem_; mass for the dead. _— de minuit_; midnight service. _— du Saint Esprit_; invocation. _Livre des —_; prayer-book, church-service. _Près du moutier a — le dernier_; the nearer the church, the farther from God. =messéance=, _n.f._, unseemliness, unbecomingness. =messéant=, =-e=, _adj._, unseemly, unbecoming. =messeigneurs=, _n.m.pl._, my lords. =messeoir= (mé-soâr), _v.n._, to be unbecoming; not to befit, to ill-become. =messidor=, _n.m._, Messidor, the tenth month of the calendar of the first French republic, from June 19th to July 18th. =messie=, _n.m._, Messiah. =messier=, _n.m._, keeper of standing crops, of vineyards. =messieurs= (mè-sieû), _n.m.pl._, gentlemen, Messrs. =messin=, =-e=, _adj._, native of Metz. =messire jean=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) a variety of pear. =mestre=, _n.m._ (nav.). _V._ =meistre=. ☉=mestre de camp=, _n.m._, colonel (of a horse or infantry regiment). _— général_; brigadier-general. ☉=mestre de camp=, _n.f._, the first company of a regiment. =mesurable=, _adj._, measurable. =mesurage=, _n.m._, measurement, measuring; gauging, surveying, metage. =mesure=, _n.f._, measure, gauge, standard; dimension; (mus.) measure, bar; (fenc.) proper distance; (poet.) meter, measure; bound; extent, limit, compass; moderation, prudence; precaution; decorum; calculation, reckoning; propriety. _Il a comblé la —_; he has heaped up the measure. _Au fur et à — que_; in proportion as; according to. _Observer la —_; to keep time. _Battre la —_; to beat time. _Chanter_, or _aller_, _en —_; to keep time in singing. _Ne point garder de — avec une personne_; to have no regard, no consideration, for a person. _Cette idée passe la — de son esprit_; that idea is beyond the compass of his intellect. _Outre —_; excessively, beyond measure. _À — que_; in proportion as. _À —_; in proportion, accordingly. _À la —_; by measure, on draught. _A — que l’un avançait, l’autre reculait_; as one advanced, the other retired. _Vous n’avez qu’à travailler, et on vous paiera à —_; you need only work, and you’ll be paid accordingly. _Sans —_; beyond all measure, immeasurably, unguardedly. _Se mettre en — de_; to prepare to do anything, to get ready, to arrange. _Prendre ses —s_; to take one’s precautions. =mesuré=, =-e=, _part._, measured, regular; cautious; circumspect, guarded, prudent. _Il est très — dans ses discours_; he is very guarded in what he says. =mesurer=, _v.a._, to measure, to gauge; to proportion, to survey, to compare, to consider, to weigh, to examine. _— les autres à son aune_; to measure other people’s corn by one’s own bushel. _À brebis tondue Dieu mesure le vent_; God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb. _— ses discours_; to be cautious in what one says. _se_ =mesurer=, _v.r._, to measure one’s self; to be measured; to vie, to contend, to cope with; to try one’s strength; to measure swords. =mesureur=, _n.m._, measurer, meter, gauger. =mésusage=, _n.m._, misuse, abuse. =mésuser=, _v.n._, to misuse, to abuse. =métabole=, _n.f._, (rhet.) metabola. =métacarpe=, _n.m._, (anat.) metacarpus. =métacarpien=, =-ne=, _adj._, metacarpal. =métacentre=, _n.m._, (geom. nav.) metacenter. =métachronisme= (-kro-), _n.m._, metachronism. =métacisme=, _n.m._, metacism. =métairie=, _n.f._, land (held on condition that the landlord shall receive half the produce); small farm, dairy-farm; farmhouse. =métal=, _n.m._, metal, ore. _— vierge_; native ore. _— blanc anglais_; Britannia metal. _— blanc d’Alger_; nickel silver, German silver. _— appliqué sur un autre_; charge. _— précieux_; precious metal. =métalepse=, _n.f._, (rhet.) metalepsis. =métallifère= (-tal-li-), _adj._, metalliferous. =métallique= (-tal-lik), _adj._, metallic. ☉=métallique=, _n.f._ _V._ =métallurgie=. =métallisation= (-tal-li-), _n.f._, (chem.) metallization. =métalliser= (-tal-li-), _v.a._, (chem.) to metallize. =métallographie= (-tal-lo-), _n.f._, metallography. =métalloïde=, _n.m._, (chem.) metalloid. =métallurgie= (-tal-lur-), _n.f._, metallurgy. =métallurgique= (-tal-lur-), _adj._, metallurgic. =métallurgiste= (-tal-lur-), _n.m._, metallurgist. =métamorphique=, _adj._, metamorphic. =métamorphisme=, _n.m._, metamorphism. =métamorphose=, _n.f._, metamorphosis, transformation. =métamorphoser=, _v.a._, to metamorphose, to transform. _se_ =métamorphoser=, _v.r._, to metamorphose one’s self; to be, _or_ become, metamorphosed; to change, to alter; to become changed. =métaphore=, _n.f._, (rhet.) metaphor. =métaphorique=, _adj._, metaphorical. =métaphoriquement= (-rik-mān), _adv._, metaphorically. =métaphrase=, _n.f._, metaphrase. =métaphraste=, _n.m._, metaphrast. =métaphysicien= (-in), _n.m._, metaphysician. =métaphysique=, _n.f._, metaphysics. =métaphysique=, _adj._, metaphysical. =métaphysiquement= (-zik-mān), _adv._, metaphysically. =métaphysiquer=, _v.n._, (fam.) to subtilize. =métaplasme=, _n.m._, (gram.) metaplasm. =métastase=, _n.f._, (med.) metastasis. =métatarse=, _n.m._, (anat.) metatarsus. =métathèse=, _n.f._, (gram.) metathesis. =métayage=, _n.m._, leasing of farms (on condition of giving to the owner half the produce). =métay-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, metayer, farmer; small farmer, dairy farmer; (_f._) farmer’s wife. *=méteil=, _n.m._, meslin, maslin (mixture of wheat and rye). _Passe-—_; wheat-rye. *=méteil=, _adj._, of wheat mixed with rye. =métempsycose=, _n.f._, metempsychosis, transmigration of souls. =métempsycosiste=, _n.m.f._, one who believes in metempsychosis. =métemptose=, _n.f._, (astron.) metemptosis. =météore=, _n.m._, meteor, fire-ball. =météorique=, _adj._, meteoric. =météorisation=, _n.f._, (vet.) wind, flatulence. =météorisé=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) flatulent, distended. =météorolithe=, _n.m._, meteorite, aerolite. =météorologie=, _n.f._, meteorology. =météorologique=, _adj._, meteorological. =méthode=, _n.f._, method, system; custom, way. _Cet homme a une étrange —_; that man has a strange way with him. =méthodique=, _adj._, methodical, systematical. =méthodiquement= (-dik-mān), _adv._, methodically, systematically. =méthodisme=, _n.m._, methodism. =méthodiste=, _n.m.f._, methodist. =méticuleusement=, _adv._, fastidiously, minutely, nicely. =méticuleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, over-scrupulous, fastidious, nice. =métier= (-tié), _n.m._, trade, handicraft, business, calling, craft, profession; loom, frame; framework. _— à bas_; stocking-frame. _— à tisser_; power frame. _— à broder_; tambour-frame. _— à la main_; hand-loom. _De son —_; by trade, by profession. _Homme de —_; mechanic, handicraftsman. _Avoir le cœur au —_; to have one’s heart in anything. _Il n’a pas le cœur au —_; his heart is not in it. _Le — des armes_; the profession of arms. _Il est du —_; he is in the same trade, he belongs to the same fraternity; he is of the craft. _C’est un tour de son —_; that’s a trick of his. _Jouer_, or _servir_, _un tour de son —_; to play a trick. _Chacun son —, et les vaches sont bien gardées_; every one to his trade. _Faire — de_; to make a trade of. _Faire au —_; to work on a frame. _Corps de —_; corporation, guild. _Sur le —_; (fig.) on the stocks. =méti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._ _V._ =métis=. =métis= (-tîs), =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, creole, mongrel; of mongrel breed, half-bred, cross-bred; hybrid; mixed. _Toile —se_; union cloth. _Se tenir —_; (fig.) to trim one’s sails; to steer a middle course (Montaigne). =métissage=, _n.m._, cross-breeding. =métisser=, _v.a._, to cross (animals). =métonomasie=, _n.f._, metonomasy. =métonymie=, _n.f._, (rhet.) metonymy. =métope=, _n.f._, (arch.) metope. =métoposcopie=, _n.f._, metoposcopy. =métoposcopique=, _adj._, metoposcopical. =mètre=, _n.m._, meter (1.093633 yards); (poet.) meter. =métrer=, _v.a._, to measure (by the meter). =métreur=, _n.m._, (arch.) measurer; appraiser, valuer. =métrique=, _n.f._, scansion, versification. =métrique=, _adj._, metrical. =métrologie=, _n.f._, metrology. =métromane=, _n.m.f._, metromaniac. =métromanie=, _n.f._, metromania. =métropole=, _n.f._, mother country, metropolis, capital, metropolitan see. =métropolitain=, =-e=, _adj._, metropolitan. _Eglise —e_; mother-church. =métropolitain=, _n.m._, metropolitan, bishop, archbishop; underground railway (in Paris). =métrorrhagie=, _n.f._, (med.) metrorrhagia, uterine hemorrhage. =mets= (mê), _n.m._, dish, food, viands. =mettable=, _adj._, fit to be worn, wearable. =metteur=, _n.m._, putter, layer. _— en œuvre_; setter, mounter (of jewels). _— en pages_; (print.) maker-up, clicker. _— en scène_; getter up (of plays); stage manager. _— au point_; carver. =mettre= (mettant, mis), _v.a._, to put, to put out, to put in, to invest (money); to put on, to wear; to place, to lay, to set; to bring; to reduce, to carry; to employ; to contribute, to devote, to give; to stake, to bid. _— au jour_; to bring to light; to give birth to. _— à jour_; to bring up to date. _— en ordre_; to set in order. _— la charrue devant les bœufs_; to put the cart before the horse. _— des paroles en musique_; to set words to music. _— de la prose en vers_; to turn prose into verse. _— du fard_, _du rouge_; to paint one’s face. _— par écrit_; to put _or_ set down in writing. _— une chose au net_; to make a fair copy. _— un habit_; to put on a coat. _— le couvert_; to lay the cloth. _— un officier aux arrêts_; to put an officer under arrest. _— quelqu’un en état de_; to enable any one to. _— une chose en tête à quelqu’un_; to persuade any one to do a thing, to suggest the doing of anything. _— un livre au jour_; to publish a book. _— un vaisseau à l’eau_; to launch a ship. _— quelqu’un à la besace_; to reduce any one to beggary. _— un arrêt à exécution_; to execute a decree. _— bas_; to bring forth, to litter. _— quelqu’un dehors_; to turn any one out of doors. _— quelqu’un au fait_; to inform any one of a thing, of what is going on, of the state of matters. _— quelqu’un à l’amende_; to fine any one. _— quelqu’un à la raison_; to bring any one to reason. _— deux personnes mal ensemble_; to set two persons by the ears. _— une affaire en compromis_; to submit a thing to arbitration. _— quelqu’un en peine_; to make any one uneasy. _— quelqu’un en colère_; to put any one into a passion. _— quelqu’un au désespoir_; to drive any one to despair. _— ordre à ses affaires_; to put one’s affairs in order. _Il met son nez partout_; he thrusts his nose everywhere. _— en pages_; (print.) to make up, to click. _— du sien_; to contribute something; to invest some money; to make concessions; to meet half way; to give a helping hand. _Mettez cinq cents francs_; make it a hundred dollars. _se_ =mettre=, _v.r._, to put _or_ place one’s self; to sit down; to stand, to lie down; to dress; to begin; to set about; to take to, to apply one’s self to, to get into; to spread, to break out. _Se — à table_; to sit down to table. _Se — à la fenêtre_; to place one’s self at the window. _Se — en danger_; to get into danger. _Se — en colère_; to get into a passion. _Se — sur son quant-à-soi_; to give one’s self airs. _Se — dans le commerce_; to turn tradesman; to take to trade. _Se — à son aise_; to take one’s ease. _Se — sur les rangs pour une charge_; to enter as a candidate for a place. _Se — en voyage_; to set out upon a journey. _Se — en route_, _en chemin_, _en marche_; to start, to go forward, to make a move. _Se — bien_; to dress well. _Se — mal avec quelqu’un_; to fall out with any one. _Se — en tête_; to take it into one’s head. _Se — bien avec_; to get on good terms with. _Se — mal avec_; to quarrel with, to fall out with. _La peste se mit dans l’armée_; the plague broke out in the army. _Il se met à tout_; he turns his hand to everything. _Se — à parler_; to begin to speak. _S’y —_; to set about it, to turn to, to buckle to. =mettre=, _v.n._, to set, to put. _— en mer_; to put to sea. =meublant=, =-e=, _adj._, serving to furnish; fit for furniture. _Meubles —s_; movables, house-hold goods. =meuble=, _n.m._, piece of furniture; utensil. _pl._, furniture, household goods, belongings. _— de famille_; heirloom. _— à demeure fixe_; fixture. _Se mettre dans ses —s_; to furnish apartments of one’s own, to set up a house. =meuble=, _adj._, movable; personal. _Biens —s et immeubles_; personal property. _Terre —_; light mellow land. =meublé=, =-e=, _part._, furnished. _Être bien —_; to have one’s house, one’s rooms, well furnished. _Avoir la bouche bien —e_; to have a fine set of teeth. =meubler=, _v.a._, to furnish, to stock, to store. _— sa mémoire_; to store one’s memory. _— une maison_; to furnish a house. _— une ferme_; to stock a farm. _se_ =meubler=, _v.r._, to get furniture of one’s own. =meubler=, _v.n._, to look well, to be ornamental. =meuglement=, _n.m._ _V._ =beuglement=. =meugler=, _v.n._ _V._ =beugler=. =meulard=, _n.m._, large millstone; grindstone. =meule=, _n.f._, millstone; grindstone; burr; base (of a deer’s head); (agri.) cock, stack, rick; (ich.) sun-fish. _— inférieure_, _— gisante_; nether millstone, bedder. _— supérieure_; upper millstone, runner. _Pierre à —s_; burrstone. _— de fromage_; round flat cheese. =meulerie=, _n.f._, millstone _or_ grindstone yard. =meulier=, _n.m._, millstone _or_ grindstone maker. =meulière=, _n.f._ and _adj._, millstone, burrstone, millstone-quarry. _Pierre —_; millstone. =meulon=, _n.m._, stubble-stack _or_ rick; cock (of hay); haulm-stack; shock _or_ stock (of corn). =meunerie= (meû-n-rî), _n.f._, miller’s trade; flour mill. =meunier=, _n.m._, miller; (ich.) chub. _Se faire d’évêque —_; (fig.) to come down in the world. =meunière=, _n.f._, miller’s wife; (orni.) long-tailed titmouse. =meurt de faim=, _n.m._, (_—_) half-starved wretch. =meurt de soif=, _n.m.f._, drunkard. =meurtre=, _n.m._, murder, manslaughter, homicide; sin, great shame, great pity. _Crier au —_; to cry murder; to complain bitterly. _Au —!_ murder! =meurtri=, =-e=, _part._, bruised, black and blue, contused. _Il est tout — de coups_; he is covered with bruises. =meurtri-er=, =-ère=, _n._ and _adj._, assassin, murderer; murderess; murdering, murderous, deadly; bloody; killing, homicidal. =meurtrière=, _n.f._, (fort.) loophole. =meurtrir=, _v.a._, to bruise, to contuse, to make black and blue; (fig.) to supple (leather); to soften (colors). =meurtrissure=, _n.f._, bruise, contusion. =meute=, _n.f._, pack (of hounds). _Chef de —_; whipper-in, leader of the band. ☉=mévendre=, _v.a._, to undersell. =mévente=, _n.f._, ☉underselling; (com.) not selling, lack of sale. =mézair=, _n.m._ _V._ =mésair=. =mézéréon=, _n.m._, (bot.) mezereon. =mezzanine=, _n.f._, (arch.) mezzanine. =mezzo-termine=, _n.m._, (_—_) medium, middle course; mean. =mezzotinto=, _n.m._, (_—_) mezzotint. =mgr.=, (ab. of _Monseigneur_) my lord. =mi=, _invariable particle_, mid, middle, half. Joined to the names of the months, or to the word _carême_, it forms with them _feminine_ compound nouns which require the article; _la mi-carême_; Mid-Lent; _la mi-août_; the middle of August. It may also be joined to the nouns _corps_, _jambe_, _chemin_, _mur_, _côte_, _terme_, _sucre_, when the compound words thus formed require the preposition _à_ and do not admit of the article: _à mi-côte_; half-way up the hill. _À —-chemin_; half-way. _À —-mât_; half-mast high. _À —-jambe_; half-way up the leg; past the knees. _A mi-corps_; up to the waist. _V._ =mi-parti=. =mi=, _n.m._, (mus.) E, mi. =miasmatique=, _adj._, miasmatic, malarious. =miasme=, _n.m._, miasma, miasm, noxious exhalation. =miaulement= (miôl-mān), _n.m._, mewing. =miauler=, _v.n._, to mew. =mica=, _n.m._, (min.) mica, glimmer, glist, Muscovy glass. =micacé=, =-e=, _adj._, micaceous. =micaschiste=, _n.m._, (min.) mica-schist, mica-slate. =miche=, _n.f._, round loaf; small loaf, hunch, lump. =michel=, _n.m._, Michael. _La Saint —_, (_n.f._) Michaelmas. _— Morin_; Jack of all trades. =micmac=, _n.m._, secret practice, underhand trick _or_ dealing, intrigue; jobbery, foul-play. =micocoulier=, _n.m._, (bot.) nettle-tree. =microcosme=, _n.m._, microcosm. =micrographie=, _n.f._, micrography. =micromètre=, _n.m._, (astron.) micrometer. =microscope=, _n.m._, microscope; magnifying-glass. _Voir tout avec un —_; to exaggerate everything. =microscopique=, _adj._, microscopic, microscopical. =microzoaire=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) microscopic animalcule, infusory. =miction=, =micturition=, _n.f._, (med.) micturition. =midi=, _n.m._, noon, noonday, noontide, mid-day, twelve o’clock (in the day); meridian; south; southern aspect, southern railway. _À —_; at noon, at twelve o’clock. _Le — de la vie_; the meridian of life. _À l’heure de —_; at the hour of twelve. _Sur le coup de —_; on the stroke of twelve. _— est sonné_; it has struck twelve. _Chercher — à quatorze heures_; to look for knots in a bulrush, to create difficulties where there are none. _— vrai_; true meridian. _— moyen_; mean meridian. _Les régions du —_; the regions of the south. =mie=, _n.f._, crum, crumb; (very little bit). =mie=, _adv._, (l.u.) not, not a jot, not at all, not in the least. =mie=, _n.f._, (ab. of _amie_) dear, sweet, love; nurse. _Ma —_; my darling, my sweet, sweetheart, my love. _Il appelle sa —_; he is calling his nurse. =miel=, _n.m._, honey. _Mouche à —_; honey-bee. _Rayon de —_; honey-comb. _Ruche à —_; bee-hive. ☉_— aérien_; manna. _On prend plus de mouches avec du — qu’avec du vinaigre_; fair means go farther than foul. _La lune de —_; the honey-moon. =miélaison=, _n.f._, honey-time. =miellat=, _n.m._, (bot.) honey-dew. =miellé=, =-e=, _adj._, honey-colored; honeyed, sweet, bland; covered with honey. =mielleusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, sweetly, blandly, honey-like. =mielleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, honeyed, fair-spoken; sweet, bland; mawkish. _Paroles —ses_; honeyed words. =mien=, =-ne= (mi-in, mi-è-n), _adj._, (l.u.) mine. _Un — frère_; a brother of mine. _Le —_, _la —ne_, _les —s_, _les —nes_, (_pron._) mine, my own. _Je ne demande que le —_; I only ask for my own. _Les —s_; my friends, my relations. _Faire des miennes_; to play tricks, pranks, _or_ follies. [Used as adjective in the singular _only_, and _always_ with the indefinite article _un_, _une_.] =miette=, _n.f._, crumb, bit, particle, morsel. _Ramasser les —s_; to pick up the crumbs. _Mettre en —s_; to crumble. =mieux=, _adv._, better; rather, best, more, more correctly, more properly, more comfortable. _J’aimerais —_; I had rather. _En —_; for the better. _De — en —_; better and better. _Je me porte le — du monde_; I am as well as can be. _Le — que je pourrai_; as well as I can. _Il a fait du — qu’il a pu_; he has done his best. _À qui — —_; in emulation of one another, in eager rivalry. _C’est on ne peut —_; it cannot be better _or_ cannot be improved upon. _Disons —_; or rather, to speak more correctly. _Vous feriez —_; you had better. _Valoir —_; to be better, to be worth more. _Faute de —_; for want of something better. _Avoir — que cela_; to have much better _or_ dearer than that. _Tant —_; so much the better. _Je ne demande pas —_; nothing would give me greater pleasure. =mieux=, _n.m._, better; best, best thing, best plan; improvement. _Le — est l’ennemi du bien_; let well alone. _Il y a du — dans son état_; he is better. _Faire de son —_, _faire du — qu’on peut_; to do one’s best, to do the best one can. _Au —_; at best; for the best. _Pour le —_; for the best. =mieux=, _adj._, better. _Il n’y a rien de —_; there is nothing better. =mieux-disant=, =-e=, _adj._, better _or_ best spoken; more _or_ most eloquent. =mieux-être=, _n.m._, better _or_ best condition; improvement in one’s condition; increase of comfort. =mieux-faisant=, =-e=, _adj._, best-acting, most kind, most generous; (hist.) the (best) horse in a tournament. =mièvre=, _adj._, (fam.) arch, roguish; quaint, affected style of writing. =mièvrerie= _or_ =mièvreté=, _n.f._, (fam.) roguishness, archness; piece of roguery, prank; affectedness, quaintness in writing. *=mignard=, =-e=, _adj._, delicate, pretty; mincing. _Manières —es_; mincing manners. *=mignardement=, _adv._, delicately, daintily, mincingly. *=mignarder=, _v.a._, to cocker, to fondle, to cuddle, to indulge. _— un enfant_; to cocker a child. _— son style_; to be over nice in writing. _Se —_; to take great care of one’s self. *=mignardise=, _n.f._, delicacy, delicateness; mincing over nicety; fondling, cockering, cuddling; (bot.) feathered pink. *=mignon=, =-ne=, _adj._, delicate, pretty, neat, tiny. _Bouche —ne_; pretty, small mouth. _Pied —_; neat foot. _Argent —_; spare money, pocket-money. *=mignon=, _n.m._, darling, pet, favorite; minion. *=mignonne=, _n.f._, darling, fondling, favorite; a kind of pear; (print.) emerald, minion. *=mignonnement=, _adv._, delicately, finely, nicely. *=mignonnette=, _n.f._, mignonette (sort of lace); ground pepper; (bot.) feathered pink. ☉*=mignoter=, _v.a._, (fam.) to fondle; to cocker; to cuddle. ☉*_se_ =mignoter=, _v.r._, (fam.) to cocker one’s self, to nurse one’s self. ☉*=mignotise=, _n.f._, (fam.) blandishment, endearment; caress. =migraine=, _n.f._, sick- _or_ nervous-headache. =migrat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, migrating, migratory. =migration=, _n.f._, migration. =migratoire=, _adj._, migratory. =mijaurée=, _n.f._, (fam.) affected, finical woman; humbug. =mijoter=, _v.a._, (cook.) to cause to simmer; (fam.) to fondle, to cocker; (fig.) to contrive, to plot, to brew. _se_ =mijoter=, _v.r._, (fam.) to cocker one’s self, to nurse one’s self; (cook.) to boil gently, to simmer. =mikado=, _n.m._, (_—s_) Mikado. =mil=, _adj._, one thousand. [Used for the _first_ thousand in dates of the Christian era only.] _L’an — huit cent cinquante_; the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty. =mil=, _n.m._, (bot.) millet. =milady= (-lè-), _n.f._ (_miladies_), my lady. =milan=, _n.m._, (orni.) kite. =milandre=, _n.m._, (ich.) tope. =milaneau=, _n.m._, young kite. =milésiaque=, _adj._, Milesian. =miliaire=, _n.f._ and _adj._, (med., anat.) miliaria; miliary. _Fièvre —_; miliaria, miliary fever. =miliasse=, _n.f._, hominy, hasty-pudding. =milice=, _n.f._, militia; soldiery, soldiers; ☉war, warfare. _Soldat de la —_; militiaman. _Tirer pour la —_; to ballot for the militia. =milicien= (-si-in), _n.m._, militiaman. =milieu=, _n.m._, middle, midst, heart, center; expedient, medium, mean, way, expedient, second course; sphere, society, company. _Au — de la foule_; in the midst of the crowd. _Au beau —_; in the very middle. _Au — des hommes_; among men. _L’air est le — dans lequel nous vivons_; the air is the medium in which we live. _Il faut savoir garder le juste —_; we must know how to observe the golden mean. _— de salon_; center ottoman. =milieu=, _adj._, middle. [Only used in the expression _le point —_; the middle point.] =militaire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, military man, soldier, military, soldiery; soldierly, soldierlike, warlike, military. _L’art_, _la discipline_, _—_; military art, discipline. =militairement= (-tèr-mān), _adv._, militarily. =militant=, =-e=, _adj._, (theol.) militant. _L’église —e_; the church militant. =militer=, _v.n._, to militate, to make (for _or_ against). _Cette raison milite pour moi_; that reason militates in my favor. =mille=, _n.m._ and _adj._, thousand, a thousand, one thousand. _Les — et une nuits_; the thousand and one nights. _On a dit cela — et — fois_; that has been said thousands of times. _Le premier —_; the first thousand. _L’an —_; the year one thousand. =mille=, _n.m._, mile (= 1,608 mètres). *=mille-feuille=, _n.f._, (_—_) (bot.) milfoil, yarrow. =mille-fleurs=, _n.f._, (_—_) all-flower. _Eau de —_; extract of all flowers; (_med._) cow-water (taken as a remedy). _Huile de —_; oil of cow-dung. _Rossolis de —_; all-flower cordial. =millénaire= (mil-lé-), _adj._, millenary. =millénaire=, _n.m._, millennium; millenarian. =millénarisme=, _n.m._, millenarianism. ☉=millepède=, _n.m._ _V._ =mille-pieds=. =mille-pertuis=, _n.m._, (_—_) (bot.) St.-John’s-wort. =mille-pieds=, _n.m._, (_—_) (ent.) milliped. =millépore=, _n.m._, millepore. =millésime= (mil-lé-zi-m), _n.m._, date, year (of a medal, coin, monument). *=millet=, _n.m._, (bot.) millet grass, millet. =milliaire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, milestone; miliary. _Borne —_, _pierre —_; milestone. _— doré_; (_milliarum aureum_) the milestone set up by Augustus in the Forum. =milliard=, _n.m._, one thousand millions. =milliasse=, _n.f._, (fam.) thousands, swarms (vast number). =millième=, _n.m._ and _adj._, thousandth. =millier=, _n.m._, thousand, thousand-weight. _— de fer_; thousand-weight of iron. _Un — d’arbres_; a thousand trees. _Des — d’arbres_; thousands of trees. _On en trouve par —s_; they are to be found in thousands. =milligramme=, _n.m._, milligram (French weight; ·0154 grain). =millilitre=, _n.m._, milliliter (French measure; ·06103 cubic inch). =millimètre=, _n.m._, millimeter (French measure; ·03937 inch). =million=, _n.m._, million. =millionième=, _n.m._ and _adj._, millionth. =millionnaire=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, millionaire; person extremely rich; worth millions. _C’est un —_, _il est —_; he is a millionaire, he is worth millions. =millouin= _or_ =milouin=, _n.m._, (orni.) pochard, canvas-back duck. =milord= (-lor), _n.m._, (_milords_) lord, my lord; your lordship (French); cab, phaeton (private); (pop.) rich man. _C’est un —_; he is a nabob. =milréis= (-is), _n.m._, milreis (Portuguese coin). =mime=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (antiq.) mime; mimer; mimic; mimical. =mimer=, _v.a._, to mimic. =mimi=, _n.m.f._, darling, puss, pet, sweetheart. =mimique=, _n.f._ and _adj._, art of imitating, mimicry; mimic, mimical. =mimosa=, _n.f._, (bot.) mimosa (the sensitive-plant). [In botanical language this and all other names of plants ending in _a_ are masculine.] =mimule=, _n.m._, (bot.) monkey-flower. =minable=, _adj._, (fam.) pitiful, wretched-looking; seedy, shabby. =minage=, _n.m._, (feudalism) toll-dues, corn-duty. =minaret=, _n.m._, minaret; (mining) shaft. =minauder=, _v.n._, to mince, to simper, to smirk, to be lackadaisical. =minauderie= (mi-nô-drî), _n.f._, affected, lackadaisical manners; lackadaisicalness, simpering, smirking. =minaudi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._ and _n._, affected, lackadaisical; affected, lackadaisical person. =mince=, _adj._, thin, slender, puny, shallow, poor, slight, scanty; trivial, vulgar. _Esprit —_; shallow wit. _C’est un homme bien —_; he is but a shallow man. _Taille —_; slim _or_ slender waist. _Il est d’un —_; he is as shallow as you like, _or_ as they make them. =mine=, _n.f._, look, aspect, mien, appearance; show; air, figure, style. _Il a la — trompeuse_; he has a deceitful look. _— fière_; proud look. _Il ne faut pas juger des gens à la —_; people should not be judged by their looks. _Homme de bonne —_; good-looking man. _De mauvaise —_; ill-looking. _Avoir bonne —_; to look well. _Avoir mauvaise —_; to look ill. _Il a la — d’être riche_; he looks like a rich man. _J’ai bien la — de payer vos folies_; it seems as if I shall have to pay for your follies. _Faire — d’être fâché_; to pretend to be angry. _Faire bonne — à quelqu’un_; to greet any one pleasantly. _Faire mauvaise — à_; to receive coldly, to look daggers at. _Faire bonne — à mauvais jeu_; to put a good face on matters. _Faire la — à quelqu’un_; to pout at any one. _Faire la —_; to look displeased. _Payer de —_; to be all outside show. =mine=, _n.f._, mine; ore; source, store; plot, secret; mine (French measure, 78 liters); (Grec. antiq.) mina. _— d’or_; gold-mine. _— de charbon de terre_; coal-pit. _Le puits de la —_; the shaft of the mine. _— de plomb_; lead-mine; plumbago, black-lead pencil. _— d’argent cornée_; soft silver-ore. _— d’argent rouge_; silver-ore (mixed with arsenic and sulphur). _— à bocarder_; ore rough from the mine. _— élevée_; upright mine. _— profonde_; mine with downward lodes. _— sèche_; hard ore. _—s vives_; rich mines. _Faire jouer une —_; (milit.) to spring a mine. _Eventer la —_; (milit.) to discover and destroy the enemy’s mine; (fig.) to discover the plot; to baffle any one’s designs. =miner=, _v.a._, to mine, to undermine, to sap; to hollow, to waste, to wear away; to consume, to waste by slow degrees, to impair, to prey upon. _— un bastion_; (milit.) to mine a bastion. _L’eau mine la pierre_; water wears away stone. _Cette maladie le mine_; that disease is wearing him away. _Se —_; to become undermined. =mineral=, _n.m._, ore. _— lavé_; buddled ore. _Extraire le —_; to dig out ore. _— brut_; raw ore. =minéral=, _n.m._, mineral. =minéral=, =-e=, _adj._, mineral. =minéralisateur=, _n.m._, (chem., min.) mineralizer. =minéralisat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, (chem., min.) mineralizing. =minéralisation=, _n.f._, (chem., min.) mineralization. =minéraliser=, _v.a._, (chem., min.) to mineralize. =minéralogie=, _n.f._, mineralogy. =minéralogique=, _adj._, mineralogical, mineralogic. =minéralogiste=, _n.m._, mineralogist. ☉=minéralogue= (-log), _n.m._ _V._ =minéralogiste=. =minerve=, _n.f._, (myth.) Minerva; (fam.) head, brain, brains, reason. _Tirer quelque chose de sa —_; (fam.) to draw, to get, anything from one’s head, from one’s brains. _Arbre de —_; (poet.) olive-tree. _Oiseau de —_; (poet.) the owl. =minet=, _n.m._, =-te=, _n.f._, puss, kitten. =mineur=, _n.m._, miner, underminer, pitman. =mineur=, =-e=, _adj._, minor, under age; minor, less, lesser; (mus.) minor. _Frère —_; Minorite, Franciscan. =mineur=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, minor; (jur.) infant. =mineur=, _n.m._, (mus.) minor mode; (in convents) minor. =mineure=, _n.f._, (log.) minor. =miniature=, _n.f._, miniature. _Portrait en —_; miniature-portrait. _Peintre en —_; miniature-painter. =miniaturiste=, _n.m.f._, miniature-painter. =mini-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, pertaining to mines. =minière=, _n.f._, ore; pit. _à_ =minimâ=, _adv._ _Appel à —_; (jur.) appeal by the crown when a sentence is too lenient. =minime=, _adj._, very small, very slender, very trifling, trifling, inconsiderable. =minime=, _n.m._, Minim (monk). ☉=minime=, _n.f._, (mus.) minim. =minimum= (-mom), _n.m._, (_—s_) (math.) (_minima_), minimum, lowest. =ministère=, _n.m._, ministry, agency; services; administration, department, functions; minister’s office; ministration. _Le — public_; public authorities; magistrates. _Cela n’est pas de mon —_; that does not belong to my office. _Le — des affaires étrangères_, _de l’intérieur_, _de la guerre_; the foreign, the home, the war, office. =ministériel=, =-le=, _adj._, ministerial. =ministériellement= (-rièl-mān), _adv._, ministerially. =ministre=, _n.m._, minister; clergyman, rector, vicar; servant. _Le premier —_; the prime minister, the premier. _— d’état_; minister of state. _— du commerce_; president of the board of trade. _Les —s de l’autel_; the priests. _— de la Marine_; first Lord of the Admiralty. _— de l’Intérieur_; the Home Minister. _— des Affaires Etrangères_; the Foreign Minister. =minium= (-om), _n.m._, (_n.p._) (min.) minium, red lead. =minois=, _n.m._, pretty face, looks, air, appearance. =minon=, _n.m._, puss; kitten. =minoratif=, _n.m._, (med.) laxative, gentle aperient. =minorati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, laxative. =minorité=, _n.f._, minority, nonage; (jur.) infancy. =minot=, _n.m._, ☉minot (French measure, 39 liters); (nav.) bumkin. =minotaure=, _n.m._, (myth.) minotaur. =minoterie=, _n.f._, flour export trade; flour mill, flour store. =minotier=, _n.m._, miller, flour dealer; flour-exporter. =minuit=, _n.m._, midnight, twelve o’clock at night. _En plein —_; at the dead of night, in the middle of the night. =minuscule=, _adj._, (of letters) small, very small. =minuscule=, _n.f._, (print.) small letter. =minute=, _n.f._, minute (of time); moment, instant; small hand (writing); first draught, rough draught, minute, copy; draught; (astron., arch., geom.) minute. _Homme à la —_; punctual man. _Vous êtes toujours à la —_; you are always punctual. _Faire la — de_; to make a rough draught of; to take the minutes of. _Sablier de —_; minute-glass. _—!_ stop a bit! =minuter=, _v.a._, to draw up, to make a rough draught; to minute down; (l.u.) to design, to intend, to purpose. =minuterie= (mi-nu-trî), _n.f._, (horl.) minute wheel-work; minute-wheels; minutes marked on a dial. =minutie= (-ci), _n.f._, trifle, minutiæ. =minutieusement= (-ci-eûz-mān), _adv._, minutely. =minutieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, minute; circumstantial. =mioche=, _n.m.f._, (fam.) brat, urchin. =mi-parti=, =-e=, _adj._, bipartite, divided into two equal but different parts; half and half. _Les avis ont été —s_; the votes were equally divided. =miquelet= (mi-klè), _n.m._, soldier; Spanish bandit. ☉=miquelot= (mi-klô), _n.m._, begging-pilgrim. _Faire le —_; to put on a sanctified, a sanctimonious, air. =mirabelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) mirabelle (plum). =miracle=, _n.m._, miracle, wonder. _À —_; miraculously, extremely well, wonderfully well. _Faiseur de —s_; miracle-monger. _Crier —_; to cry out wonderful! _Crier au —_; to declare a thing a miracle. _Opérer des —s_; to work miracles. _C’est un — de beauté_; she _or_ it is wonderfully beautiful. _C’est un — de vous voir_; it is a wonder to see you. _Le beau —!_ not so wonderful after all; _or_ why, is that all! =miraculeusement= (-leûz-mān), _adv._, miraculously, wonderfully. =miraculeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, miraculous, wonderful, marvelous. =mirage=, _n.m._, mirage; looming; (fig.) shadow, outline, delusion. =mirauder=, _v.a._ _V._ =mirer=. =mire=, _n.f._, (artil.) aim; (of firearms) sight, foresight. _Prendre sa —_; to take aim. _Point de —_; aim, point aimed at; object, end, in view. =miré=, _adj._, (hunt.) with tusks curved inwards (of boars). =mirer=, _v.a._, to aim, to take aim, to aim at, to have in view; to look at; to examine; to candle (eggs). _— une place_; to aim at a situation. _— des œufs_; to try eggs (by holding them up to the light). _se_ =mirer=, _v.r._, to look at one’s self in a glass; to admire one’s self; (of things) to be reflected. _Se — dans ses plumes_; to take pride in one’s beauty and dress. =mirer=, _v.n._, (nav.) to loom, to appear indistinctly; (of precious stones) to have but few angles, few facets; to take aim. =mirette=, _n.f._, (bot.) Venus’s looking-glass. _V._ =miroir=. =mirifique=, _adj._, wonderful, marvelous; admirable, splendid. =mirliflore=, _n.m._, exquisite, fop, dandy, coxcomb, spark, beau. =mirlirot=, _n.m._, corruption of =mélilot=, _q.v._ =mirliton=, _n.m._, reed-pipe; bag-wig; tol-de-rol-lol. =mirmidon= _or_ =myrmidon=, _n.m._, (hist.) Myrmidon; shrimp, pygmy (pers.). =mirobolant=, =-e=, _adj._, prodigious, wonderful, stupendous. =miroder=, _v.a._ _V._ =mirauder= and =mirer=. =miroir=, _n.m._, mirror, looking-glass, glass; (opt.) mirror, speculum. _Etamer un —_; to foliate a looking-glass. _— ardent_; burning-mirror. _Des œufs au —_; fried eggs. _— de Vénus_; (_bot._) Venus’s looking-glass. =miroitant=, =-e=, _adj._, reflecting (like a mirror), glistening, glittering, shimmering. =miroité=, =-e=, _adj._, shot, shiny, glittering, glistening; shimmered; reflected; (of horses) dapple-bay. =miroitement=, _n.m._, reflection of the light by polished surfaces; flashing, shine, glittering, brilliancy, radiance. =miroiter=, _v.n._, to reflect light, to flash, to shine, to glisten, to glitter, to shimmer; to radiate. _v.a._, to reflect, to mirror. =miroiterie= (mi-roa-trî), _n.f._, looking-glass trade _or_ business, mirror-trade. =miroiterie=, _n.f._, mirror trade; looking-glass manufactory. =miroitier= (-tié), _n.m._, looking-glass maker. =miroton=, _n.m._, (cook.) miroton, beef collope (with onions); (of fruits) stewed. =mise=, _part._ _adj._, put; dressed, clad, attired. =misaine=, _n.f._, (nav.) foresail. _Mât de —_; foremast. _Voile de —_; foresail. =misanthrope=, _n.m._, misanthrope, misanthropist, man-hater, hater of mankind. =misanthropie=, _n.f._, misanthropy. =misanthropique=, _adj._, misanthropic; misanthropical. =miscellanées=, _n.m.pl._, miscellanea, miscellany. =mischna=, _n.f._ (_n.p._), mischna, mishna. =miscibilité=, _n.f._, miscibility. =miscible=, _adj._, miscible; mixable. =mise=, _n.f._, laying, placing; dress, manner of dressing; deposit, investment, outlay, disbursement; stake; bidding (at auctions); capital, share of capital; (l.u.) circulation (of coin). _— à l’eau_; launch (of a ship). _— hors_; (com.) outlay. _Cet homme est de —_; that man is presentable. _Cette raison n’est pas de —_; that reason will not pass _or_ will not hold water. _Cette étoffe n’est pas de —_; that stuff is not worn, is not in fashion, not fashionable. _Avoir une — simple_; to dress plainly. _Sa — était de cinq francs_; he had staked five francs. _— en possession_; taking possession. _— en accusation_; impeachment, indictment. _— en arrestation_; arrest, apprehension. _— à exécution_; carrying out. _— en jugement_; trial. _— en musique_; setting to music. _— en perce_; tapping (of a cask). _— à prix_; upset price. _— en prévention_; (jur.) commitment. _— en pot_; potting. _— en justice_; bringing into court. _— à terre_; setting _or_ putting down. _— en terre_; burial, interment. _— en vigueur_; putting into force. _— en liberté_; enlargement, release, discharge. _— en scène_; (thea.) getting up of a dramatic piece. _— en vente_; putting up for sale. _— en œuvre_; working up (of anything); preparation; employing, using, setting. _— en pages_; (print.) clicking, making-up. _— en train_; setting to work, starting; (print.) making ready. _— en vigueur_; enforcement, putting into force. _De —_; acceptable, admissible. =miser=, _v.n._, (local ex.) to bid (at auctions). =misérable=, _adj._, miserable, wretched; wicked; sorry, worthless. =misérable=, _n.m.f._, wretch, miserable wretch, miscreant. _C’est un —_; he is a villain, a miscreant. _C’est une —_; she is a wretch. _Les —s_; the wretched, the outcasts. =misérablement=, _adv._, miserably, wretchedly; worthlessly, wickedly. =misère=, _n.f._, misery, wretchedness, distress, want; trouble, plague, grievous thing, helplessness; trifle, trifling thing. _Il est mort de faim et de —_; he died of starvation and want. _Prendre le collier de —_; to make one’s self a drudge. _La — des membres_; the helplessness of the limbs. =miséréré=, _n.m._, (med.) iliac passion; (c.rel.) miserere (51st psalm). =miséricorde=, _n.f._, mercy, tenderness, mercifulness; pardon, quarter, grace, forgiveness, pitifulness; small seat. _Crier —_; to cry for mercy. _Il ne mérite point de —_; he deserves no mercy. _Faire —_; to show mercy. _À tout péché —_; all offenses should be forgiven. _—! il va se tuer_; mercy upon me! he will kill himself. =miséricordieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, mercifully, compassionately. =miséricordieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, merciful, compassionate, forgiving, pitiful. =miss=, _n.f._, (_—_) miss, young lady. =missel=, _n.m._, missal; mass-book, prayer-book. =mission=, _n.f._, mission. _Envoyer en —_; to send on a mission. _Remplir une —_; to perform a mission. =missionnaire=, _n.m._, missionary. =missive=, _n.f._ and _adj._, missive. =mistigri=, _n.m._, pam, loo (card game). =mistral= _or_ =maëstral=, _n.m._, (local ex.) north-west wind (in southern France). =mistress=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) Mrs. =mitaine=, _n.f._, mitten; (fig.) caution. =mite=, _n.f._, (ent.) mite; maggot; moth; tick. =mité=, =-e=, _adj._, moth-eaten, mity. ☉=mithridate=, _n.m._, (pharm.) mithridate. _Vendeur de —_; quack; braggadocio. =mitigation=, _n.f._, mitigation. =mitigé=, =-e=, _part._, mitigated. _Peine —e_; modified penalty. =mitiger=, _v.a._, to mitigate, to soften, to make less severe, to modify, to temper, to allay, to assuage, to abate; to qualify. =miton=, _n.m._, woman’s long mitten. =mitonnage=, _n.m._, simmering. =mitonner=, _v.n._, to lie soaking _or_ stewing; to soak, to stew, to simmer. =mitonner=, _v.a._, to cocker, to fondle, to cuddle. _— quelqu’un_; to humor any one. _— une affaire_; to prepare an affair gradually. _Il aime qu’on le mitonne_; he likes to be cockered. _se_ =mitonner=, _v.r._, to nurse one’s self, to cocker one’s self; (cook.) to simmer. =mitoyen=, =-ne= (mi-toa-yin, -iè-n), _adj._, middle; intermediate; midway; joint property. _Mur —_; party-wall. _Cloison —ne_; partition wall between two rooms. =mitoyenneté= (-toa-ie-n-té), _n.f._, joint property; claims of two neighbors to a wall, hedge, _or_ ditch; party-right. *=mitraillade=, _n.f._, discharge, fire of grape-shot. *=mitraille=, _n.f._, ☉old iron, scrap-iron, scrap-metal; grapeshot; case-shot, canister-shot, canister; small change, coppers; (nav.) langrage, langrel-shot. _Charge à —_; case-shot. =mitrailler=, _v.a._ and _n._, to fire grapeshot, to riddle with grapeshot. =mitrailleuse=, _n.f._, (artil.) mitrailleuse, machine gun; Gatling gun. =mitre=, _n.f._, miter; chimney-pot (shaped like a miter). =mitré=, =-e=, _adj._, mitered. =mitron=, _n.m._, journeyman baker; paper cap. =mitte=, _n.f._, cesspool exhalation; stench; eye-sore from ditto. =mixte=, _adj._, mixed; mixt; (bot.) common (of buds). =mixte=, _n.m._, mixed body, compound. *=mixtiligne=, _adj._, (geom.) mixtilineal, mixtilinear. =mixtion= (miks-ti-on), _n.f._, (pharm.) mixture. =mixtionner= (miks-tio-né), _v.a._, to mix, to mingle. =mixture=, _n.f._, (pharm.) mixture. =mlle.= ab. of _Mademoiselle_. =mm.= ab. of _Messieurs_. =mme.= ab. of _Madame_. =mnémonique=, _adj._, mnemonic, mnemonical. =mnémonique= _or_ =mnémotechnie=, _n.f._, mnemonics, mnemotechny. =mobile=, _adj._, movable; changeable, unsteady, variable; quick, lively, mobile. =mobile=, _n.m._, mover, spring, motive power; a soldier of the militia. _Premier —_; prime mover; _primum mobile_; ringleader. _L’intérêt est le plus grand — des hommes_; interest is the prime mover in human actions. =mobile=, _n.f._, militia. =mobiliaire=, _adj._, movable, personal. =mobili-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, movable; personal, of personal property. _Succession —ère_; inheritance of personal property. =mobilier=, _n.m._, ☉movables; furniture. =mobilisable=, _adj._, (milit.) that can be mobilized. =mobilisation=, _n.f._, act of making movable; conversion into movables; (milit.) mobilization. =mobiliser=, _v.a._, to convert into movables; (milit.) to draft for active service, to mobilize. =mobilité=, _n.f._, mobility, variableness, inconstancy, unsteadiness, unfixedness, instability, fickleness. _— de caractère_; versatility of disposition. =mocassin=, _n.m._, moccasin (shoe). =modale=, _n.f._ and _adj._, (log.) modal. =modalité=, _n.f._, (log.) modality. =mode=, _n.f._, mode, fashion, vogue; way, custom, manner. _pl._, millinery. _C’est la dernière —_; it is the newest fashion. _Un habit à la —_; a fashionable coat. _Se mettre à la —_; to dress in the fashion. _Être à la —_; to be in fashion. _Du bœuf à la —_; a-la-mode beef. _Marchande de —s_; milliner. _Tante à la — de Bretagne_; father _or_ mother’s first cousin; cousin once removed. _Nièce à la — de Bretagne_; daughter of first cousin. =mode=, _n.m._, (gram., log., mus.) mode, way, manner, mood. =modelage= (mo-dlaj), _n.m._, modeling. =modelé= (mo-dlé), _n.m._, (sculp.) model (imitation). _adj._, modeled. =modèle=, _n.m._, model, copy, pattern, sample, design. _— d’écriture_; copy-slip. _Conformez-vous au —_; keep to the pattern. _Faire le métier de —_; to serve as a model. _— parfait_; perfect model, paragon. =modeler= (mo-dlé), _v.a._, to model, to form, to shape, to mold. _se_ =modeler=, _v.r._, to take for one’s pattern, to take pattern by _or_ upon. _Il se modèle sur son frère_; he takes pattern by his brother. =modeler=, _v.a._, to model. =modeleur= (mo-dleur), _n.m._, modeler. =modénature=, _n.f._, (arch.) proportion, profile and sweep of a cornice molding. =modérat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, moderator, moderatrix. =modération=, _n.f._, moderation; abatement, diminution; mitigation. =modéré=, =-e=, _adj._, moderate, reasonable, temperate. =modérément=, _adv._, moderately, in moderation. =modérer=, _v.a._, to moderate, to abate; to restrain, to restrict; to lessen, to reduce. _— ses passions_; to curb one’s passions. _— le zèle de quelqu’un_; to restrain any one’s zeal. _se_ =modérer=, _v.r._, to moderate, to moderate one’s self, to keep one’s temper; to restrain one’s self. _Le temps s’est modéré_; the weather has become calmer. =moderne=, _adj._, modern. _À la —_; in the modern style. =moderne=, _n.m._, modern, modern style. =moderner=, _v.a._, (arch., l.u.) to modernize. =moderniser=, _v.a._, to modernize. =moderniste=, _n.m._, modernist. =modeste=, _adj._, modest, unassuming, unpretending, quiet, simple, plain, moderate, poor. =modestement=, _adv._, modestly, quietly, simply, plainly. =modestie=, _n.f._, modesty, coyness, simplicity, plainness; moderation. =modicité=, _n.f._, smallness, lowness, moderateness, reasonableness. =modificati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, modifying. =modificatif=, _n.m._, (gram.) modifying word. =modification=, _n.f._, modification. =modifier=, _v.a._, to modify, to change, to alter. _se_ =modifier=, _v.r._, to become modified. *=modillon=, _n.m._, (arch.) modillion. =modique=, _adj._, moderate, small. =modiquement= (-dik-mān), _adv._, moderately. =modiste=, _n.m.f._, man-milliner; milliner. =modulat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, modulating; modulator. =modulation=, _n.f._, modulation. =module=, _n.m._, (arch.) module; (alg.) modulus; diameter (of medals). =moduler=, _v.a._ and _n._, to modulate. =moelle=, _n.f._, marrow, pith; (of the land) fat; medulla. _Os à —_; marrow-bone. _— d’arbre_; pith of a tree. _— épinière_; spinal marrow. =moelleusement=, _adv._, softly, easily, with softness; (paint.) with mellowness. =moelleux=, _n.m._, (paint.) mellowness; softness. =moelleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, full of marrow, marrowy; pithy; soft; mellow. _Voix —se_; mellow voice. _Vin —_; mellow vine (full of body and flavor). _Discours —_; pithy discourse. =moellon=, _n.m._, ashlar; rough-stone, ragstone. _— brut_; rubble, sandstone (for grinding mirrors). _Maçonnerie de —_; ashlar-work. =mœurs=, _n.f.pl._, manners, morals, morality; habits, inclinations, ways; customs. _Avoir des —_; to be a man of morals. _N’avoir pas de —_; to be immoral, dissolute. _Un homme sans —_; an unprincipled man. _Les — des animaux_; the habits of animals. =mofette= _or_ =moufette=, _n.f._, (l.u.) fire-damp (mines); ☉(chem.) any poisonous gas; (mam.) mephitic weasel. _— atmosphérique_; azote, azotic gas. =mogol=, _n.m._, Mogul. =mohair=, _n.m._, mohair, stuff. =mohican=, _n.m._, Mohican. =moi=, _personal pron._, I, me, to me. _—! trahir le meilleur de mes amis!_ what! I betray my best friend! _C’est —_; it is I. _Venez à —_; come to me. _Quant à —_; as for me. _—-même_; myself. _À —!_ help! help! here! here! _Parlez-—_; speak to me. _Donnez-le-—_; give it me. _De vous à —_; between you and me; from you to me. =moi=, _n.m._, self, ego. =moïdore=, _n.m._, moidore (Portuguese coin). =moignet=, _n.m._, long-tailed tit. *=moignon=, _n.m._, stump (of limbs, tree). *=moinaille=, _n.f._, (b.s.) monkish crew. =moindre=, _adj._, less, least, shorter, lower, inferior. _Le —_; least, shortest, smallest, lowest; meanest, slightest. _La — chose_; the least thing. _Je n’en ai pas le — souvenir_; I have not the least recollection of it. =moindrement=, _adv._, (old) less, least. _Le — du monde_; in the slightest degree. _Pas le — du monde_; not in the least bit. =moine=, _n.m._, monk, friar; warming-pan, bed-warmer; (print.) friar. _— lai_; lay-monk. _Gras comme un —_; as fat as a pig. _L’habit ne fait pas le —_; it is not the cowl that makes the friar. =moineau=, _n.m._, sparrow. _adj._, (of horses) cropped. _— franc_; house-sparrow. _Tirer sa poudre aux —x_; to waste one’s powder and shot. =moinerie= (moa-n-rî), _n.f._, monkhood, monks. =moinesse=, _n.f._, (jest.) nun. *=moinillon=, _n.m._, petty monk _or_ friar. =moinotin=, _n.m._, (ornith.) coal-tit. =moins=, _adv._, less, under, wanting, to; minus. _Parlez —_; speak less. _En — de_; in less than. _De — en —_; less and less, fewer and fewer. _Rien —_; much less. _Du —_; at least, at any rate, at all events, at the very least. _C’est — que rien_; it is next to nothing. _Ni plus ni —_; neither more nor less. _Il ne s’agit de rien — que de sa vie_; nothing less than his life is at stake. _Il n’est rien — que sage_; he is anything but prudent. _Il n’y a rien de — vrai que cette nouvelle_; no news can be further from the truth than this. _Il est une heure — un quart_; it wants a quarter to one. _A —_; for less. _Vous ne l’aurez pas à —_; you shall not have it for less. _À — de_; for less than; unless. _À — que_; unless. _—-value_, (_—-—s_) inferior value. =moins=, _n.m._, least, less; (alg.) minus. _C’est le — que vous puissiez faire_; it is the least you can do. _Pas le — du monde_; not in the least. _Au —_; at least. _Pour le —_; at least, at the least. _Tout au —_; at the very least. _C’est pour ce soir, au moins!_ it is for to-night, mind! =moirage=, _n.m._, (manu.) watering (stuffs), mottling. =moire=, _n.f._, (manu.) watering; moire antique; watered silk. =moiré=, =-e=, _adj._, (manu.) waved, watered, mottled. _n.m._, watering. _— de soie_; watered silk. _— de laine_; moreen. =moirer=, _v.a._, (manu.) to water (stuffs), to mottle, to wave. _Se —_; to be watered. =mois=, _n.m._, month; monthly allowance; month’s pay. _Au —_; by the month. _Au — de_; in the month of. _Par —_; monthly, so much a month. =moise=, _n.f._, (carp.) couple, brace, binding piece. =moiser=, _v.a._, (carp.) to bridge over, to bind, to couple. =moisi=, _n.m._, moldiness, mustiness. =moisi=, =-e=, _part._, moldy, musty. =moisir=, _v.a._, to mold, to make moldy, to make musty. _se_ =moisir=, _v.r._, to grow moldy, to grow musty. =moisir=, _v.n._, to grow moldy, musty. =moisissure=, _n.f._, moldiness, mustiness. =moissine=, _n.f._, a bundle of vine-branches with the grapes hanging to them. =moisson=, _n.f._, harvest; harvest-time; (poet.) year. _Fête de la —_; harvest home. _Faire la —_; to cut the corn, to gather in the harvest. =moissonner=, _v.a._, to reap, to cut down, to crop, to mow. _— un champ_; to reap a field. _Se —_; to be reaped. =moissonneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, reaper, harvestman, harvest-woman. =moissonneuse=, _n.f._, (agri.) reaping machine. =moite=, _adj._, moist, damp, clammy. =moiteur=, _n.f._, moisture, dampness. =moitié= (-tié), _n.f._, moiety, half; (fam.) better half, wife. _C’est trop cher de —_; it is too dear by half. _Je l’ai laissé à — chemin_; I left him half way. _Être_, or _se mettre_, _de — avec quelqu’un_; to go halves with any one. =moitié=, =de moitié=, =à moitié=, _adv._, half, by half. =moka=, _n.m._, mocha. _Du café —_; mocha coffee. =mol=, _adj.m._ _V._ =mou=. =molaire=, _n.f._ and _adj._, molar-tooth, mill-tooth, jaw-tooth; molar. =môle=, _n.m._, mole, jetty-head; pier. =môle=, _n.f._, (med.) mole. =moléculaire=, _adj._, molecular. =molécule=, _n.f._, molecule, particle. =molène=, _n.f._, (bot.) mullen, mullein. =molestation=, _n.f._, molestation, annoyance. =molester=, _v.a._, to molest, to trouble, to vex, to annoy. =molette=, _n.f._, rowel (of a spur); (vet.) wind-gall; muller (for colors); (of hair) feather; (rope-making) whirl; (hort.) turf-knife, turfing-iron. =molinisme=, _n.m._, molinism. =moliniste=, _n.m._, molinist. =molinosisme=, _n.m._, quietism, Molinos’ system. =mollah=, _n.m._ (_—s_), mollah. =mollasse=, _adj._, flabby, flimsy, sodden. =molle=, _n.f._, (ich.) sun-fish. =molle=, _adj.f._ _V._ =mou=. =mollement= (mol-mān), _adv._, softly, slackly; feebly; indolently, effeminately. _Vivre —_; to lead an effeminate life. =mollesse=, _n.f._, softness, laxity, slackness, tameness, weakness, indolence; effeminacy. _Vivre dans la —_; to live in effeminacy. =mollet=, =-te=, _adj._, soft; light (of bread). _Des œufs —s_; soft-boiled eggs. _Lit —_; soft bed. _Pain —_; light bread. =mollet=, _n.m._, calf (of the leg). =molletière=, _n.f._, legging. =molleton= (mol-ton), _n.m._, swan-skin. =mollification=, _n.f._, mollification, softening. =mollifier=, _v.a._, to mollify, to soften. _Se —_; to become soft. =mollir=, _v.n._, to soften, to grow soft; to mellow (of fruit); to slacken, to flag, to abate, to faint, to yield, to give way. _Le vent mollit_; the wind is going down. _v.a._, (nav.) to ease. =mollusque=, _n.m._, mollusk. =molosse=, _n.m._, American bat; watch-dog; (ants) molossus. =moly=, _n.m._, wild garlic. =molybdène=, _n.m._, (min.) molybden, molybdena. =môme=, _n.m._, brat, urchin. =moment=, _n.m._, moment, instant; proper time; occasion, point, interval; (mec.) momentum. _Attendez un —_; stop a moment. _Il a des —s de bonté_; he has fits of kindness. _Voici le — de se décider_; now is the time for decision. _Un —, j’ai à vous parler_; one moment, I want to speak to you. _Au — de_; on the point of, just as. _Au — où_, _au — que_; the instant that, just as. _Du — que_; as soon as, since; the moment that. _Du — que vous le voulez_; since you will have it so. _Je l’attends d’un — à l’autre_; I expect him every moment. _Dans le —_; in a moment, in a minute. _En ce —_; at this moment. _À tout —_, _à tous —s_; every instant, at every turn. _Par —s_; at times, at intervals. =momentané=, =-e=, _adj._, momentary. =momentanément=, _adv._, momentarily, for the moment, temporarily, for the time being. =momerie= (mô-mrî), _n.f._, mummery. =momie= (mô-), _n.f._, mummy; dark thin person; old fogy. =momification=, _n.f._, mummification. =momifier=, _v.a._, to mummify. _Se —_; to become mummified; to get very thin. =mon=, _possessive adj._ _m._, =ma=, _f._, =mes=, _pl.m.f._, my. _Mon père, ma mère et mes enfants_; my father, mother, and children. _Mon âme_; my soul. _Mon unique ressource_; my only resource. _Mon bon et digne ami_; my good and worthy friend. [_Mon_ is used instead of _ma_ (in the feminine) before a vowel or silent _h_.] =monacal=, =-e=, _adj._, monachal, monkish. =monacalement= (-kal-mān), _adv._, like a monk. =monachisme= (-shism), _n.m._, monachism. =monade=, _n.f._, monad. =monadelphie=, _n.f._, (bot.) monadelphia. =monandrie=, _n.f._, (bot.) monandria. =monarchie= (-shi), _n.f._, monarchy. =monarchique= (-shik), _adj._, monarchical, monarchic. =monarchiquement= (-shik-mān), _adv._, monarchically. =monarchiser= (-shi-zé), _v.a._, to monarchize. =monarchiste= (-shist), _n.m._, monarchist. =monarque=, _n.m._, monarch, lord. =monastère=, _n.m._, monastery, convent. =monastique=, _adj._, monastic, monastical. =monaut=, _adj.m._, one-eared (of animals). =monbin=, _n.m._, (bot.) hog-plum. =monceau=, _n.m._, heap, pile; drift, mass; lot. =mondain=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, worldling; worldly, worldly-minded; mundane; earthly. =mondainement= (-dè-n-mān), _adv._, mundanely, in a worldly way. =mondanité=, _n.f._, worldliness, worldly vanities. =monde=, _n.m._, world, universe; mankind, men; people; company, society, set; servants, retinue, attendants; customers. _Faire le tour du —_; to go round the world. _L’autre —_; the next world. _Dans l’autre —_; hereafter. _Il n’est plus du —_; he is dead. _L’an du —_; in the year of the world. _Il voit beaucoup de —_; he sees a great deal of company. _Peu de —_, _pas grand —_; few people, not many people. _Avoir du —_; to have company, visitors; to entertain. _Connaître son —_; to know whom one has to deal with. _Le mieux du —_; the best in the world. _Pour tout au —_; for all the world; for anything. _Le beau —_; people of fashion, the fashionable world. _Le petit —_; little people. _Ainsi va le —_; such is the world. _Tout votre — est-il arrivé?_ has all your party arrived? _Venir au —_; to come into the world. _C’est vieux comme le —_; it is as old as the hills. _Il y a un — fou_; there is a great crush. _Se moquer du —_; to make fun of people. _C’est le bout du —_; it is the utmost you will get. _Tout le — et son père_; all the world and his wife. _Savoir son —_; to know how to behave. =monde=, _adj._, (rel.) clean. =mondé=, =-e=, _part._, cleansed. _De l’orge —_; hulled _or_ husked barley. =monder=, _v.a._, to cleanse; to hull, to husk (barley). =mondificati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) cleansing. =mondifier=, _v.a._, (med.) to cleanse, to wash. =mondor=, _n.m._, man made of money, rolling in money. =mondrain=, _n.m._, sand-hill, sand-mound. =monétaire=, _adj._, monetary. =monétisation=, _n.f._, making and stamping of money, minting, monetization. =monétiser=, _v.a._, to give currency to paper-money, to monetize. =mongol=, =-e=, _adj._, mongolian, mogul. =moniteur=, _n.m._, monitor, adviser, prefect (at school); Gazette. =monition=, _n.f._, (ecc.) monition. =monitoire=, _n.m._, _adj._, (ecc.) monitory. =monitor=, _n.m._, (nav.) monitor. =monitorial=, =-e=, _adj._, (ecc.) monitory. =monnaie=, _n.f._, coin, money; change; mint; coinage; currency. _Hôtel de la —_; the mint. _Fausse —_; counterfeit coin. _Battre —_; to coin money; to raise money. _Papier —_; paper money. _— de compte_; nominal money. _— courante_; current money, currency. _— faible_; light money. _— légale_; legal tender. _— de singe_; sham coin; soft sawder, blarney. _Petite —_; small change. _Donnez-moi la — d’un franc_; give me change for a franc. _Payer en — de singe_; to laugh at one’s creditors, instead of paying them. _Rappeler la —_; to call in money. _Donner_, or _rendre_, _à quelqu’un la — de sa pièce_; to pay any one back in his own coin. =monnayage=, _n.m._, coining, minting. _Droit de —_; mintage. =monnayer=, _v.a._, to coin, to mint, to stamp. =monnayeur=, _n.m._, coiner, minter. _Faux —_; coiner of base money; forger. =mono=, a prefix from Gr. μόνος. =monocéros=, _n.m._, monoceros, unicorn, narwhal. =monochrome=, _n.m._ and _adj._, monochrome. =monocle=, _n.m._, (single) eye-glass. =monocorde=, _n.m._, monochord. =monocotylédone=, _n.f._ and _adj._, (bot.) monocotyledon, endogen; monocotyle, monocotyledonous, endogenous. =monodie=, _n.f._, monody. =monœcie= (-nè-sî), _n.f._, (bot.) monœcia. =monogame=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, monogamist; monogamous. =monogamie=, _n.f._, monogamy. =monogrammatique=, _adj._, monogrammatic, monogrammic. =monogramme=, _n.m._, monogram. =monographie=, _n.f._, monography. =monoïque=, _adj._, (bot.) monœcious, monœcian. =monolithe=, _n.m._ and _adj._, monolith; monolithic, monolithal. =monologue= (-log), _n.m._, monologue; soliloquy. =monomane=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, monomaniac; monomaniacal. =monomanie=, _n.f._, monomania. =monôme=, _n.m._, (alg.) monomial. =monomètre=, _n.m._, monometer. =monopétale=, _adj._, (bot.) monopetalous. =monophylle=, _adj._, (bot.) monophyllous. =monopole=, _n.m._, monopoly. =monopoleur=, _n.m._, monopolist. =monopolisa-teur=, =-trice=, _n._ and _adj._, monopolizing; monopolizer. =monopolisation=, _n.f._, monopolization. =monopoliser=, _v.a._, to monopolize. =monoptère=, _adj._, (arch.) monopteral. =monorime=, _adj._, (poet.) with but one rhyme, being a monorhyme. =monosépale=, _adj._, (bot.) monosepalous. =monosperme=, _adj._, (bot.) monospermous. =monostique=, _n.m._, monostich. =monosyllabe=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (gram.) monosyllable; monosyllabic. =monosyllabique=, _adj._, monosyllabic. =monothéisme=, _n.m._, monotheism. =monothéiste=, _n.m._ and _adj._, monotheist; monotheistic. =monotone=, _adj._, monotonous. =monotonie=, _n.f._, monotony, sameness. =monotriglyphe=, _n.m._, (arch.) monotriglyph. =mons.=, _n.m._, ab. of _Monsieur_, sir; master so and so (used in contempt). *=monseigneur=, _n.m._ (_messeigneurs_, _nosseigneurs_), my lord; your Grace; sir; your Royal or Imperial Highness; (in thieves’ slang) jemmy, crowbar. =monseigneuriser=, _v.a._, (jest.) to style my lord; to break open, to jemmy. =monsieur= (meu-sieu), _n.m._, sir, gentleman; this gentleman, the gentleman; the king of France’s eldest brother. _— A._; Mr. A. _Non, —_; no, sir. _— dit_; the gentleman says; this gentleman says; Mr. (so-and-so) says. _Ce —_; that gentleman; (ironically) that man, that fellow. _— le Président_; Mr. President. _— le maire_; Mr. Mayor. _Faire le —_; to play the fine gentleman. _C’est un vilain —_; he is a nasty fellow. _— veut-il déjeuner?_ would you like breakfast, sir? _— votre père_; your father. =monstre=, _n.m._, monster. =monstrueusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, monstrously, prodigiously. =monstrueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, monstrous, prodigious. =monstruosité=, _n.f._, monstrosity, anomaly. =mont=, _n.m._, mount, mountain. _Le — Etna_; mount Etna. _Aller par —s et par vaux_; to go up hill and down dale. _—-de-piété_ (_—s-—_); mont-de-piété, pawn-shop, lombard-house. _Commissionnaire au —-de-piété_; pawnbroker. _Mettre au —-de-piété_; to pawn. _—s et merveilles_; wonderful things, wonderful tales, wonders. =montage=, _n.m._, carrying up; taking up; (arts) mounting, setting, putting together. *=montagnard=, =-e=, _adj._, mountain, highland. *=montagnard=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, mountaineer, highlander; democrat of the Convention and of the National Assembly of France, 1793. *=montagne=, _n.f._, mountain; party of the democrats in the Convention and in the National Assembly of France, 1793. _Chaîne de —s_; range, ridge, of mountains. _Pays de —s_; mountainous, hilly country. _La — a enfanté une souris_; the mountain has brought forth a mouse. *=montagneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, mountainous, hilly. =montanisme=, _n.m._, montanism. =montaniste=, _n.m._, montanist. =montant=, _n.m._, (of a ladder, etc.) upright; amount, sum total; coming in _or_ rising tide; ☉next for promotion; (carp.) upright, door-post; high flavor, pungency; energy, smartness. =montant=, =-e=, _adj._, ascending, rising; flowing, coming in; high-necked (of dresses); (milit.) relieving. _Un chemin —_; a hilly road. _La marée —e_; the flowing tide. _Une robe —e_; a high-necked dress. _La garde —e_; (milit.) the relieving guard. _En —_; upward, up-hill. _Aller en —_; to rise; to go up hill. =monte=, _n.f._, (of animals) serving, covering season. =montée=, _n.f._, stair, staircase, pair of stairs; flight; acclivity, ascent; rise, slope; (arch.) height. =monter=, _v.n._, to go up, to come up, to get up, to ascend, to mount, to ride; to rise; to boil up (of liquids); to come in; to grow up, to shoot, to increase; to amount. _— et descendre_; to go up and down. _— sur un arbre_; to climb up a tree. _— à sa chambre_; to go up to one’s room. _— à cheval_; to ride. _— en chaire_; to mount the pulpit. _Montez!_ come up! up with you! _— sur le Parnasse_; to turn poet. _La marée monte_; the tide is coming in. =monter=, _v.a._, to mount, to carry up, to lift up; to make up; to raise, to prepare; to wind up; to equip, to furnish, to stock; to mount, to ride; to put together; to furnish, to supply. _— une montre_; to wind up a watch. _— un diamant_; to set a diamond. _— sa lyre_; to tune one’s lyre. _— le gouvernail_; to hang the rudder. _— un vaisseau_; to have the command of a vessel. _— un canot_; to man a boat. _— la garde_; to mount guard. _— un cheval_; to mount a horse; to train a horse. _Faire —_; to send up, to store up; to take up, to bring up. _se_ =monter=, _v.r._, to amount; to rise; to be _or_ to get excited; to supply one’s self, to take in a stock, a supply (of). =monteur=, _n.m._, setter, mounter (of jewels). =montfaucon=, _n.m._, (near Paris) the gibbet, the gallows. =montgolfière=, _n.f._, fire-balloon. =monticule=, _n.m._, hillock, knoll. =montie= (-tî), _n.f._, (bot.). _V._ =mouron=. =mont-joie=, _n.f._, (_—s-—_) title of the first king at arms in France; ancient war-cry of the French. ☉=mont-joie=, _n.f._, (_—s-—_) cairn. =montoir=, _n.m._, mounting, riding; horse-block; near side. _Côté du —_; near side. _Côté hors —_; off-side. _Difficile_, _doux au —_; difficult, easy to mount _or_ ride. =montrable=, _adj._, showable, presentable. =montre=, _n.f._, watch; sample; show, pattern, parade; show-case, show-window, exhibition. _— à réveil_; alarum-watch. _— marine_; chronometer. _— à répétition_; repeating-watch, repeater. _— à double boîte_; double-cased watch. _— à savonnette_; hunting-watch. _— détraquée_; watch out of order. _Boîte de —_; watch-case. _Il est une heure à ma —_; it is one o’clock by my watch. _Faire — de son esprit_; to show off one’s wit. _En —_; prominently; (com.) in the window. _Affiche de —_; show-card. =montrer=, _v.a._, to show, to exhibit, to point out; to teach; to set forth, to intimate. _— une chose au doigt_; to point out a thing. _— la porte à quelqu’un_; to show any one the door. _— quelqu’un du doigt_; to point one’s finger at any one. _Se faire — du doigt_; to get pointed at. _Cela montre la corde_; that is threadbare. _se_ =montrer=, _v.r._, to show one’s self; to appear; to prove one’s self to be; to look; to turn out. =montreur=, _n.m._, shower, showman. =montueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, hilly, mountainous. =monture=, _n.f._, animal for riding; nag; mounting, setting (of gems); head-stall (of a bridle). _— d’un fusil_; stock of a gun. _— d’éperon_; spur leather. _Qui veut aller loin ménage sa —_; (prov.) he who wishes to live long, avoids excess. =monument=, _n.m._, monument; tomb; memorial. =monumental=, =-e=, _adj._, monumental. =moquable=, _adj._, laughable, ridiculous. =moque=, _n.f._, (local) mug; (nav.) dead-eye, dead-block. _— à un trou_; heart. _— de civadière de trélingage_; sprit-sail sheet-block. _se_ =moquer=, _v.r._, to mock, to jeer, to deride, to make game of, to make fun of, to make a fool of, to ridicule, to laugh at; to set at defiance, to disregard; to jest; to scoff at. _On s’est moqué de lui_; they laughed at him. _Se faire — de soi_; to get laughed at. _Je m’en moque_; what do I care. _Je ne m’en moque pas mal_; I don’t care a straw. _Vous vous moquez, je pense_; you are in jest, I suppose. =moquerie= (mo-krî), _n.f._, mockery, scoff, scorn, jeer, derision, jest. =moquette=, _n.f._, Wilton carpet; velvet pile; decoy-bird. =moqueu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, mocking, sneering, scornful, jeering, deriding. =moqueu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, derider, mocker, scoffer, quiz, wag. _— d’Amérique_; mocking-bird. *=morailles=, _n.f.pl._, horse-twitchers. *=moraillon=, _n.m._, hasp, clasp. =moraine=, _n.f._, (geol.) moraine. =moral=, =-e=, _adj._, moral, mental. =moral=, _n.m._, mental faculties, mind; spirit, morale, spirits (of troops, etc.). _Il faut vous remonter le —_; you must cheer up _or_ shake off your depression of spirits. =morale=, _n.f._, ethics; morals, moral philosophy, morality; rebuke, lecture. _Il faut lui faire une bonne —_; you must give him a good lecture. _Faire de la —_; to moralize, to lecture. =moralement= (-ral-mān), _adv._, morally. =moralisation=, _n.f._, moralization. =moraliser=, _v.n._, to moralize. =moraliseur=, _n.m._, (b.s.) moralizer. =moraliste=, _n.m._, moralist, moralizer. =moralité=, _n.f._, morality, morals; moral reflection; moral sense _or_ responsibility. =moraves=, _adj._, Moravian brethren. _V._ =hernutes=. =morbide=, _adj._, (paint., sculpt.) soft, delicate; (med.) morbid. =morbidesse=, _n.f._, (paint.) morbidezza; suppleness, ease, elegance of attitude, manners, gait; softness, delicacy. =morbifique=, _adj._, morbific. =morbleu!= _int._, zounds! =morce=, _n.f._, curb-stone, binding-stone. =morceau=, _n.m._, bit, piece, morsel, fragment, snack, mouthful. _— délicat_ or _bon —_; tit-bit. _Aimer les bons —x_; to love good things. _Il a ses —x taillés_; he has just enough to live on _or_ he must not go beyond his orders. _Manger un —_; to eat a morsel, a mouthful. _— d’ensemble_; (mus.) concerted piece. _Mettre en —x_; to tear to pieces. =morceler=, _v.a._, to parcel, to parcel out, to partition, to cut up; to mangle. _se_ =morceler=, _v.r._, to be parceled out. =morcellement= (-sèl-man), _n.m._, dividing into parcels, parceling out, partition, subdivision. =mordache=, _n.f._, rice-chops, tongs; gag. =mordacité=, _n.f._, mordacity, corrosiveness; virulency, bitterness, sarcasm, causticity. =mordant=, =-e=, _adj._, biting; cutting, sarcastic, keen, sharp; poignant. _Style —_; sarcastic, cutting style. =mordant=, _n.m._, (dy. gilding) mordant; sarcasm, keenness, point. =mordicant=, =-e=, _adj._, mordant, corrosive; biting, acrid, pungent. =mordicus= (-kus), _adv._, tenaciously, stoutly, doggedly. ☉=mordienne= (-di-èn), _n.f._, only used in the phrase _À la grosse —_; unceremoniously, bluntly. =mordieu=, _int._, zounds! s’death! *=mordiller=, _v.a._, to nibble, to bite at, to gnaw. =mordoré=, =-e=, _adj._, reddish brown. =mordorure=, _n.f._, reddish brown (color). =mordre=, _v.a._, to bite, to nibble; to corrode, to gnaw; to carp at, to find fault with. _— la poussière_; to bite the dust. _Chien qui aboie ne mord pas_; barking dogs do not bite. _se_ =mordre=, _v.r._, to bite one’s self. _Se — la langue_, _les lèvres_; to bite one’s tongue, one’s lip; (fig.) to repent, to be annoyed. _S’en — les doigts_; to repent of anything. =mordre=, _v.n._, to bite, to nibble; to eat away; to hold fast, to take effect, to take to, to like; to get on with, to come at; to criticize; to censure; (print.) to cover. _Je n’ai jamais pu — au Latin_; I was never able to take to Latin. _Il ne saurait y —_; it is beyond his reach; he will never attain to it. _— à l’hameçon_; to take, to snap at, _or_ swallow, the bait. =mordu=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) premorse (ending abruptly, as if bitten off). =more=, _n.m._, Moor; blackamoor. ☉=moreau=, _adj._, extremely black. _Cheval —_; jet-black horse. =morelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) nightshade. =morène=, _n.f._, (bot.) frogbit. =moresque=, _adj._, Moorish, moresque. =moresque=, _n.f._, morris-dance; (paint.) moresque. =moret= _or_ =mouret=, _n.m._, (bot.) whortleberry. =morfil=, _n.m._, wire edge (of knives, of razors); elephant’s tusks, (unwrought) ivory. =morfondre=, _v.a._, to chill. _se_ =morfondre=, _v.r._, to catch cold, to be chilled; to wait in vain, to dance attendance; (vet.) to morfounder. _La pâte se morfond_; the dough is losing its heat. _Il s’y est morfondu_; he wasted much time over it. =morfondu=, =-e=, _adj._, chilled, frozen; disappointed, downcast; kept waiting. =morfondure=, _n.f._, (vet.) morfoundering; (old) cold, chill, catarrh. =morganatique=, _adj._, morganatic; left-handed (of marriages). =morgeline=, _n.f._, (bot.) chickweed. =morgue= (morg.), _n.f._, haughty look, haughtiness; arrogance, self-sufficiency, conceit; inspection room (of a prison); morgue, dead-house. ☉=morguer= (ghé), _v.a._, to dare, to brave, to defy, to beard. =moribond=, =-e=, _adj._ and _n._, moribund, dying, in a dying state; person in a dying state. =moricaud=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, blackamoor; blackish; nigger. =morigéner=, _v.a._, to school, to reprimand; to form the morals of, to educate. *=morille=, _n.f._, (bot.) moril (mushroom). *=morillon=, _n.m._, black grape; (orni.) tufted duck; rough emerald. =morio=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) Camberwell beauty, white-edged butterfly. =morion=, _n.m._, morion. =morne=, _n.m._, hill, hillock (West Indies). =morne=, _adj._, dull, gloomy, mournful, dejected, depressed; dreary, dismal, dull. =morné=, =-e=, _adj._, blunted (of arms). =mornifle=, _n.f._, slap in the face. =morose=, _adj._, morose, sullen, sour, surly, peevish. =morosité=, _n.f._, moroseness, sullenness, surliness. =morphée=, _n.m._, Morpheus. _Être dans les bras de —_; (fig.) to be asleep. _Les pavots de —_; sleep. =morphine=, _n.f._, morphia. =morpion=, _n.m._, (l.ex.) crab-louse; (pers. pop.) vermin, dirty fellow. =mors=, _n.m._, bit (of a bridle); curb, check, restraint. _Les chevaux prirent le — aux dents_; the horses ran away. _Prendre le — aux dents_; to take fright; to run headlong into pleasure; to fly into a passion; to buckle to, to work in good earnest. =morse=, _n.m._, morse, sea-horse, walrus. =morsure=, _n.f._, bite, biting; sting. =mort=, _n.f._, death, decease; (hunt.) mort. _Avoir la — sur les lèvres_; to look like death. _Avoir la — dans l’âme_; to be sick at heart, to be in despair; to be intensely grieved. _Être à l’article de la —_; to be at the point of death, at death’s door. _Mourir de sa belle —_; to die a natural death. _Mourir de — violente_; to die a violent death. _Mettre à —_; to put to death, to slay, to kill. _Il a la — entre les dents_; he has one foot in the grave. _À —_; mortally, to the death. _Les affres de la —_; the terrors of death. _À la vie, à la —_; forever; in life and death. _La peine de —_; capital punishment. =mort=, =-e=, _part._, dead, defunct; lifeless, insensible; dormant; stagnant; still, inanimate. _Un enfant —-né_ (_—-—s_); a still-born child. _Une fille —-née_ (_—-—s_); a still-born girl. _Le feu est —_; the fire is out. _Argent —_; money lying dead, idle. _Couleur —e_; faint color. _—e-saison_, (_—s-—s_) slack season. _—e-eau_; neap tide. _Tête —e_; (chem.) _caput mortuum_. _Il n’y a pas de main —e_; he strikes hard (_i.e._ like a blacksmith). _—e la bête, — le venin_; dead men do not bite. _Mort-bois_; _V._ =bois=. _Morte-eau_; _eau morte_; _V._ =eau=. _Morte-paye_; _V._ =paye=. _Œuvres —es_; (nav.) upper works. =mort=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, dead person, deceased; dead body, corpse. _Enterrer les —s_; to bury the dead. _Le jour des —s_; All Souls’-day. _Faire le —_; to pretend to be dead. _Faire un —_ or _faire une partie du —_; (at cards) to play dummy whist. _Prendre le —_; to take dummy. =mortadelle=, _n.f._, (Italian) sausage. *=mortaillable=, _adj._, (feudalism) in bondage. =mortaisage=, _n.m._, mortising. =mortaise=, _n.f._, mortise. =mortaiser=, _v.r._, to mortise. =mortalité=, _n.f._, mortality. =mortel=, =-le=, _adj._, mortal, deadly; grievous, extreme, excessive; long, tedious. =mortel=, _n.m._, =-le=, _n.f._, mortal. =mortellement= (-tèl-mān), _adv._, mortally, deadly, grievously, dreadfully. =mortellerie=, _n.f._, stone-breaking. =mortellier=, _n.m._, stone-breaker. =mortier= (-tié), _n.m._, (artil., mas.) mortar; mortier (cap of the president of a court of justice); mortar (vessel). _Président à —_; chief justice. =mortifère=, _adj._, mortiferous, deadly. =mortifiant=, =-e=, _adj._, mortifying, humiliating. =mortification=, _n.f._, mortification, humiliation. =mortifier=, _v.a._, to mortify, to vex, to humiliate, to humble, to subdue. _— de la viande_; to make meat tender. _se_ =mortifier=, _v.r._, to mortify one’s self; to grow tender (of meat). =mort-ivre=, _adj._ _V._ =ivre mort=. =mortuaire=, _adj._, mortuary. _Drap —_; pall. _Registre —_; death register. _Extrait —_; certificate of death. _Droit —_; burial fee. =morue=, _n.f._, cod, codfish. =morve=, _n.f._, snot, mucus; (vet.) glanders. =morveau=, _n.m._, (l.ex.) thick mucus. =morveu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, snotty; (vet.) glandered. _Cheval —_; horse that has the glanders. _Qui se sent —se mouche_; (prov.) if the cap fits, wear it. =morveu-x=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (in contempt) child, brat, urchin; despicable, mean fellow. _Petit — va!_ you little scamp, you! =morvolant=, _n.m._, silk mixed with floss. =mosaïque=, _adj._, Mosaic, of, from Moses. =mosaïque=, _n.f._, mosaic, mosaic-work, tessellated pavement. =mosaïste=, _n.m._, mosaist, worker in mosaics. =mosarabe=, _n.m._ _V._ =mozarabe=. =moscouade=, _n.f._, muscovado (unrefined sugar). =mosquée=, _n.f._, mosque. =mot=, _n.m._, word; expression; saying, sentence; motto; note, line, memorandum; answer (to a riddle); cue, hint, intimation; (mil.) parole, watchword. _À bon entendeur, demi-— suffit_; a word to the wise is sufficient. _— usité_, _— inusité_; word in use, obsolete word. _— à double entente_; ambiguous word, bearing a double interpretation. _Jeu de —s_; play upon words. _— forgé_; coined word. _Gros —s_; high words. _— d’ordre_; watch-word, pass-word. _— de passe_; pass-word. _Trancher le —_; to speak out, to speak one’s mind, not to mince matters. _Tenir le —_; to take the bet. _Ne dire —_, _ne pas souffler —_; not to utter, not to breathe, a word. _Qui ne dit — consent_; silence gives consent. _Donner le — à quelqu’un_; to give any one the word, the cue. _Bon —_; witticism. _— pour rire_; jest, joke. _Il lui a dit un — à l’oreille_; he whispered a word in his ear. _Prendre quelqu’un au —_; to take any one at his word. _Ils se sont donné le —_; they understand one another, they have passed the word round. _— à —_, _— pour —_; word for word. _En un —_; in a word, in short. _À ces —s_; at those words, so saying. _Avoir le — pour rire_; to be ready with a joke; to be full of fun. _Au bas —_; at the least. _Entendre à demi —_; to take a hint. _C’est mon dernier —_; it is the last concession I can make; I will take nothing less. _Savoir le fin —_; to understand the upshot of anything. _Si c’est là le fin —_; if that is the upshot of, _or_ the last word. _Je vous enverrai un —_; I shall send you word, _or_ a reminder. _Envoyez-moi un —_; let me know _or_ send me a line. =motacille=, _n.f._, wag-tail. *=motelle=, _n.f._, (ich.) burbot, rockling. =motet=, _n.m._, (mus.) motet. =moteur=, _n.m._, mover, author; motive power, propeller, contriver; (anat.) motor. =mot-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, motive, propelling, driving. =motif=, _n.m._, motive, incentive, incitement; ground, cause; (mus.) subject; (paint.) design, pattern. _Pour quel —?_ on what ground? on what score? _Faire valoir les —s_; (jur.) to show cause. =motion=, _n.f._, motion. _Faire appuyer_, _faire adopter_, _une —_; to make, to support, to carry, a motion. =motiver=, _v.a._, to allege, to assign, as a motive; to be the cause of, to justify, to bring about; to lead to. _Se —_, _v.r._, to be founded _or_ justified. =motte=, _n.f._, clod; ball of earth; turf (fuel); lump, roll (of butter). _se_ =motter=, _v.r._, (hunt.) to lurk behind a clod. =motteux=, _n.m._, (orni.) fallow-finch; wheatear. =motu proprio=, _adv._, on one’s own impulse, spontaneously, of one’s own accord. =motus!= (-tûs), _int._, mum! silence! not a word! =mou=, =mol=, _adj.m._, =molle=, _f._, soft, mellow; weak; slack, feeble, nerveless, flabby; inactive; sluggish; tame, effeminate, careless, luxurious. _Cire molle_; soft wax. _Poires molles_; mellow pears. _Style mou_; nerveless style. _Mer molle_; (nav.) slack water. [_Mol_ is used in the masc. before a vowel or _h_ mute.] =mou=, _n.m._, soft; slack (of a rope); lights (of animals). =mouchage=, _n.m._, snuffing (of candles). =mouchard=, _n.m._, _or_ =mouche=, (l.u.) _n.f._, spy, police-spy, informer. =moucharder=, _v.a._, to inform, to spy, to spy upon. =mouche=, _n.f._, fly; patch (on the face); beauty-spot; button (of a foil); (astron.) musca; (of a target) bull’s-eye; (nav.) fen-boat; loo (at cards). _Prendre la —_; to take offense easily, to be touchy. _Gober les —s_; to stand gaping. _Faire d’une — un éléphant_; to make a mountain of a molehill. _Quelle — vous a piqué?_ why, what’s the matter with you? what ails you? what whim have you got into your head? _Des pieds de —s_; scrawl (writing). _—s volantes_; (med.) motes in the eyes. _Faire des pieds de —s_; to write an illegible scrawl. _C’est une fine —_; he, she is a sly dog. _Chiures de —s_; fly-blows. _—-guêpe_, (_—s-—s_) (ent.) wasp-fly. _— bleue_; blue-bottle. _— à feu_; fire-fly. _— abeille_; drone. _— à miel_; honey-bee. _On prend plus de —s avec du miel qu’avec du vinaigre_; more is done by kindness than by harshness. =moucher=, _v.a._, to wipe the nose of; to snuff; ☉(fam.) to spy, to dog. _Mouchez cet enfant_; wipe that child’s nose. _— une chandelle_; to snuff a candle. _se_ =moucher=, _v.r._, to blow one’s nose. _Mouchez-vous_; blow your nose. _Ne pas se — du pied_ or _du coude_; to be up to snuff; to be no fool; to do things in grand style. =moucher=, _v.n._, to clear one’s nose. =moucherolle=, _n.m._, (orni.) fly-catcher. =moucheron=, _n.m._, gnat, midge, very small fly; snuff (of a candle). =mouchet=, _n.m._, (orni.) bog-rush. =moucheté=, =-e=, _adj._, spotted, speckled, flecked. _Cheval —_; dappled, spotted horse. _Fleuret —_; capped foil. =moucheter=, _v.a._, to spot, to speckle, to fleck; to cap (of foils). =mouchettes=, _n.f.pl._, snuffers. =moucheture=, _n.f._, spot, speck, speckle; (surg.) scarification; spottedness, speckledness. =moucheur=, _n.m._, candle-snuffer; nose-blower. =mouchoir=, _n.m._, handkerchief. _— de cou_; neckerchief. _— de poche_; pocket handkerchief. _Jeter le —_; to throw the handkerchief (game). _Elle a réfusé le —_; (fig.) she would have nothing to say to him. =mouchure=, _n.f._, snuff (of a candle). =mouçon=, _n.f._ _V._ =mousson=. =moudre= (moulant, moulu), _v.a._, to grind, to mill, to crush. _— du blé_; to grind corn. _— de coups_; to beat soundly. _J’ai le corps tout moulu_; I am bruised all over. _Il viendra — à notre moulin_; he will want us some day. =moue=, _n.f._, pout, pouting; wry face, grimace. _Faire la — à quelqu’un_; to make a wry face at any one. _Faire la —_; to pout. =mouée=, _n.f._, (hunt.) reward, hound’s fee. =mouette=, _n.f._, (orni.) gull, sea-mew. =moufette=, _n.f._ _V._ =mofette=. =mouflard=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (pop.) bloated face. =moufle=, _n.f._, (mec.) tackle; tackle-block; fingerless glove, mitten. =mouflé=, =-e=, _adj._, used only in _poulie —e_; single pulley connected with others in a tackle-block. =moufle=, _n.m._, (chem.) muffle. =mouflon=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) moufflon, wild sheep. =mouillade=, _n.f._, wetting. *=mouillage=, _n.m._, anchorage, roadstead, soaking, wetting, watering. _Être au —_; to be at anchor; to lie _or_ ride at anchor. _Droits de —_; harbor dues; keelage. *=mouillé=, =-e=, _part._, wet, watery; (of the letter l) liquid; (of ships) moored, anchored. _Poule —e_; milksop (pers.). *=mouille-bouche=, _n.f._, (_—_ or _—-—s_) a kind of pear. *=mouiller=, _v.a._, to wet, to moisten, to steep; to moor (a ship). _— l’ancre_; (nav.) to let go the anchor. *=mouiller=, _v.n._, (nav.) to anchor, to cast anchor. *=mouillette=, _n.f._, sippet (to eat with boiled eggs). *=mouilloir=, _n.m._, water-can (in which women dip their fingers when they spin). *=mouillure=, _n.f._, wetting, watering, sprinkling. =moujik=, _n.m._, (_—s_) moujik, Russian peasant. =moulage=, _n.m._, molding; grinding, milling; mill-work, machinery of a mill, mill-stone spindle; ☉measuring (of wood). =moulard=, _n.m._, moularde, _n.f._, grindstone-dust. =moule=, _n.m._, matrix, mold, cast; netting, pin. _— à beurre_; butter-print. _Faire un —_; to take a cast. _Jeter en —_; to cast in a mold. _Cela ne se jette pas en —_; (prov.) that cannot be done easily. _Fait au —_; (fig.) beautifully shaped. =moule=, _n.f._, (conch.) mussel. =moulé=, =-e=, _part._, _adj._, molded; cast; printed, shaped, formed. _Lettre —e_; printed letter. _Chandelle —e_; molded candle. =moulé=, _n.m._, (pop.) print, printed letters, type. =mouler=, _v.a._, to cast, to mold, to shape, to form, to print. _se_ =mouler=, _v.r._, to mold one’s self. _— sur un autre_; to take another for one’s model. =mouleur=, _n.m._, molder. =moulin=, _n.m._, mill. _— à blé_; corn-mill. _— à vent_; wind-mill. _— à bras_; hand-mill. _— à eau_; water-mill. _— à vapeur_; steam-mill. _— à café_; coffee-mill. _C’est un — à paroles_; she is a chatterbox. _Faire venir l’eau au —_; to bring grist to the mill. _Jeter son bonnet par dessus les —s_; to throw off all restraint, to be regardless of consequences. =moulinage=, _n.m._, (manu.) grinding, milling; silk-throwing. =mouliner=, _v.a._, to eat away wood (of worms); to throw (silk). =moulinet=, _n.m._, small windlass, capstan; small mill. _Faire le — avec une épée_; to twirl a sword about. =moulineur= _or_ =moulinier=, _n.m._, silk-thrower. ☉=moult= (moo), _adv._, much, very much. =moulu=, =-e=, _part._, ground; bruised. =moulure=, _n.f._, (arch.) molding. =mourant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, dying person; dying, expiring; fading, going down gradually. =mouret=, _n.m._ _V._ =moret=. =mourine=, _n.f._, (ich.) eagle-ray. =mourir= (mourant, mort), _v.n._, to die, to depart this life; to perish, to drop off, to go off, to expire, to stop; to go out (of fire); to be out (at play). _Être mort au monde_; to be dead to the world. _— de faim_; to die of starvation; to starve. _— de soif_; to be dying with thirst. _— de froid_; to perish from cold. _— d’envie_; to long for. _— de chagrin_; to die of a broken heart. _Il la fera — de chagrin_; he will break her heart. _— de rire_; to die with laughter. _C’est un meurt de faim_; he is a pauper, a starveling. _se_ =mourir=, _v.r._, to be dying; to be dying out (of fire). _Cet homme se meurt_; this man is dying. [Only used in present and imperfect indicative.] =mouron=, _n.m._, (bot.) pimpernel; chickweed; (ent.) eft. =mourre=, _n.f._, (game) mora; Buck-buck, how many fingers do I hold up? =mousquet=, _n.m._, musket, match-lock. ☉=mousquetade=, _n.f._, musket-shot, volley of musketry. ☉=mousquetaire=, _n.m._, musketeer. =mousqueterie= (-kè-trî), _n.f._, musketry, volley of musketry. =mousqueton=, _n.m._, musketoon, carbine; pendant (of a watch-chain). =mousse=, _n.f._, moss; froth, foam; lather, effervescence. _Pierre qui roule n’amasse pas de —_; a rolling stone gathers no moss. =mousse=, _n.m._, cabin-boy, ship-boy. ☉=mousse=, _adj._, blunt, dull (of tools). =mousseline= (moos-li-n), _n.f._, muslin. =mousser=, _v.n._, to froth, to foam, to effervesce, to lather. _Faire —_; to froth; to puff. =mousseron= (moos-ron), _n.m._, mushroom. =mousseu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, foaming, frothy; (of wine) sparkling. _Rose —se_; moss-rose. =moussoir=, _n.m._, chocolate-stick. =mousson=, _n.f._, monsoon. =moussu=, =-e=, _adj._, mossy, moss-grown. =moustache=, _n.f._, moustache, mustachio; whisker (of animals). _Relever sa —_; to twirl up one’s moustache. _Brûler la — à quelqu’un_; to fire a pistol in any one’s face. _Donner sur la — à quelqu’un_; to hit any one in the face. _Vieille —_; veteran; old gray-beard. =moustiquaire=, _n.f._, musquito-net. =moustique=, _n.m._, musquito. =moût=, _n.m._, must (wine not fermented); wort. =moutard=, _n.m._, (pop.) brat, youngster. =moutarde=, _n.f._, mustard. _Graine de —_; mustard-seed. _S’amuser à la —_; to trifle one’s time away. _Il m’a fait monter la — au nez_; he made me lose my temper. _C’est de la — après dîner_; it is a day after the fair. =moutardier=, _n.m._, mustard-pot; mustard-maker; (orni.) black-martin, swift. ☉=moutier=, _n.m._, convent, monastery. =mouton=, _n.m._, sheep; mutton; sheep-leather; rammer; beetle, monkey (rammer); (pers.) lamb, ninny, decoy, prison-spy. _pl._, (of the sea) white horses, white-crested waves. _Un troupeau de —s_; a flock of sheep. _Revenons à nos —s_; let us return to our subject. ☉*=moutonnaille=, _n.f._, flock of sheep. =moutonné=, =-e=, _adj._, fleecy, curled; (of the sea) white with foam. =moutonner=, _v.a._ and _n._, to make woolly, fleecy; to curl to frizzle; (nav.) to foam; (of a crowd) to rear their heads; to worm anything out of any one; to spy upon, to denounce. =moutonneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, woolly; foamy, rough (of waves). =moutonni-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, fleecy, woolly; sheep-like, silly. =mouture=, _n.f._, grinding; charge for grinding; meslin of wheat, rye, and barley. _Tirer d’un sac deux —s_; to get a double profit on anything. =mouvance=, _n.f._, (feudalism) tenure. =mouvant=, =-e=, _adj._, moving, shifting, unstable; (jur.) depending on; (her.) issuant; animated, busy. _Sable —_; quicksand. =mouvement= (moov-mān), _n.m._, movement, motion, progress, advance, march; move, manœuvre; fluctuation; (mus.) time; (paint.) animation, life, bustle, stir; spirit; impulse, emotion, disturbance, commotion; (horl.) works; animation, sparkle (of style); bursts (of eloquence). _Se donner du —_; to bestir one’s self. _— naturel_; natural impulse. _Faire une chose de son propre —_; to do a thing of one’s own accord. _Se mettre en —_; to stir, to start; (mil.) to move forward, to advance. =mouver=, _v.a._, (gard.) to loosen, to stir. =mouvoir= (mouvant, mu), _v.a._, to move, to stir; to prompt, to stir up, to actuate; to excite. _se_ =mouvoir=, _v.r._, to move, to stir, to be moved. _Faire se —_; to set in motion. =moxa=, _n.m._, (surg.) moxa. =moye= (moa), _n.f._, soft part (of stone). =moyen= (moa-yin) _n.m._, means, way, manner; medium; power, possibility; (jur.) plea; (log.) mean; (math.) middle term. _pl._, means, resources; pecuniary circumstances; abilities, talents; parts. _Il n’y a pas — de faire cela_; that is not to be done. _Je n’en ai pas le —_; I have not the ability to do it; I can’t afford it. _Le — de lui parler?_ how can one manage to speak to him? _Contribuer chacun selon ses —s_; to contribute each according to his means. _Il a beaucoup de —s_; he is very clever; he has plenty of brains. _Voies et —s_; ways and means. _Au — de_; by means of, with the help of. _Trouver —_; to find means, to contrive, to manage. _Faire valoir ses —s_; to make the most of one’s talents. =moyen=, =-ne= (moa-yin, -yè-n), _adj._, mean, middle, middle-sized, average. _Le — âge_; the Middle Ages. _Terme —_, _chiffre —_; average, mean, on an average. =moyennant= (moa-iè-nān), _prep._, by means of, with the help of; in consideration of, in return for. =moyennant que=, _conj._, provided that, on condition that. =moyenne=, _n.f._, average; (math.) mean, medium; (writ.) round hand. _— approximative_; rough average. _Sur une — de_; at an average of. _En —_; on an average; (of writing) in round hand. ☉=moyennement= (moa-iè-n-mān), _adv._, moderately, indifferently. ☉=moyenner=, _v.a._, to mediate, to procure, to bring about. =moyer=, _v.a._, to saw (freestone). =moyette=, _n.f._, (agri.) shock, stook. =moyeu=, _n.m._, nave (of a wheel); preserved plum; ☉yolk of an egg. =mozarabe=, _n.m._, Muzarab. =mozarabe=, _or_ =mozarabique= _adj._, muzarabic. =mr.= (ab. of _Monsieur_), Mr., Mister. =m’sieu=, _n.m._ (pop. for _Monsieur_), sir, mister. =ms.=, =msc.=, (ab. of _Manuscrit_), ms., manuscript. =mss.= (ab. of _Manuscrits_,) mss., manuscripts. =muabilité=, _n.f._ _V._ =mutabilité=. =muable=, _adj._, mutable, changeable. =muance=, _n.f._, (mus.) changing a note. _En —_; (of the voice) breaking. =mucate=, _n.m._, mucic acid combined. _à_ =muche-pot=, _adv._ _V._ =musse-pot= (à). =mucilage=, _n.m._, mucilage. =mucilagineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, mucilaginous. =mucosité=, _n.f._, mucus, phlegm. =mucus= (-kus), _n.m._, mucus. =mue=, _n.f._, molting; molting season; cast-skin, slough; mew, coop (cage). _Être en —_; to be molting; to break (of the voice). =muer=, _v.n._, to molt, to cast its skin, to cast horns; to mew; (of the voice) to break, to change. _Ce chien mue_; that dog is shedding its coat. _Sa voix mue_; his voice is breaking. =muet=, =-te=, _adj._, dumb, mute, speechless; taciturn, secret; (of maps) in outline; (of evidence) presumptive, circumstantial; silent (of letters). _Il est sourd-—_, _sourd et —_; he is deaf and dumb. _La frayeur le rendit —_; terror struck him dumb. _Scène —te_; dumb show. =muet=, _n.m._, =-te=, _n.f._, dumb man, dumb woman. =muette=, _n.f._, mew, mews; hunting-lodge. =muezin=, _n.m._, (_—s_) muezzin. =mufle=, _n.m._, snout, muzzle (of animals); face, phiz, mug (of persons). _— de veau_; (bot.) snap-dragon, calf’s snout. _Quel —!_ what a face! =mufleau=, _n.m._, (bot.) snap-dragon, calf’s snout. =muflier=, _n.m._, (bot.) snap-dragon, calf’s snout. =mufti= _or_ =muphti=, _n.m._, (_—s_) mufti. =muge=, _n.m._, (ich.) mullet, gray mullet. =mugir=, _v.n._, to bellow, to low; to roar, to groan; to sough (of the wind). =mugissant=, =-e=, _adj._, bellowing, roaring. =mugissement= (-jis-mān), _n.m._, bellowing, lowing; roaring; soughing (of the wind). ☉=mugot=, _n.m._ _V._ =magot=. =muguet=, (-ghè) _n.m._, (bot.) lily of the valley, May-lily; (med.) thrush; ☉(fam.) beau, fop. _— des bois_; woodruff. =mugueter= (mug-té), _v.a._, (fam., l.u.) to play the gallant, to flirt. ☉=muid=, _n.m._, hogshead (measure). =mulasse=, _n.f._, young mule. =mulâtre=, _adj._, mulatto. =mulâtr-e=, _n.m._, =-esse=, _n.f._, mulatto. ☉=mulcter=, _v.a._, (jur.) to fine, to punish; to vex, to ill-treat. =mule=, _n.f._, slipper; she-mule. _pl._, chilblains in the heels, kibes; (vet.) chaps. _La — du pape_; the pope’s slipper. _Baiser la — du pape_; to kiss the pope’s toe. _Ferrer la —_; to get the market-penny (of servants). =mulet=, _n.m._, he-mule; (bot., orni.) mule; working-bee; (ich.) mullet. _Garder le —_; to be kept waiting, to dance attendance. =muletier= (mul-tié), _n.m._, muleteer. =mulle=, _n.m._, (ich.) surmullet. ☉=mulle=, _n.f._ _V._ =caillette=. =mulle=, _adj._, (com.) of inferior quality (of madder). =mulot=, _n.m._, field-mouse. =multangulaire=, _adj._, (bot.) multangular. =multangulé=, =-e=, _adj._, multangular. =multi=, a prefix from Latin _multus_. =multicapsulaire=, _adj._, (bot.) multicapsular. =multicolore=, _adj._, of many colors, many-colored. =multifide=, _adj._, (bot.) multifid. =multiflore=, _adj._, (bot.) multiflorous, many-flowered. =multiforme=, _adj._, multiform. =multilatère=, _adj._, multilateral, many-sided. =multiloculaire=, _adj._, (bot.) muitilocular. =multinôme=, _n.m._, (l.u.) (alg.) multinominal. _V._ =polynôme=. =multipare=, _adj._, multiparous. =multipartite=, _adj._, (bot.) multipartite. =multipède=, _adj._, multiped. =multiple=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (arith.) multiple. =multipliable=, _adj._, multipliable. =multipliant=, _adj._, multiplying. _n.m._, multiplying-glass. =multiplicande=, _n.m._, (arith.) multiplicand. =multiplicateur=, _n.m._, (arith.) multiplier. =multiplication=, _n.f._, multiplication. _Table de —_; multiplication table. =multiplicité=, _n.f._, multiplicity. =multiplié=, =-e=, _adj._, multifarious, multiplied, manifold, repeated, frequent. =multiplier=, _v.a._, to multiply. _se_ =multiplier=, _v.r._, to multiply; to be repeated, to be everywhere. =multiplier=, _v.n._, to multiply. =multitude=, _n.f._, multitude. =multivalve=, _n.f._ and _adj._, multivalve; multi-valvular. =muni=, =-e=, _part._, supplied, furnished, provided (with); possessed (of); fortified. =municipal=, =-e=, _adj._, municipal. =municipal=, _n.m._, municipal officer; municipal guard. _Conseiller —_; member of the town council. _Musique —e_; town-band. =municipalité=, _n.f._, municipality. =munificence=, _n.f._, munificence, bounty. =munir=, _v.a._, to provide (with), to supply, to furnish (with); to arm, to fortify, to secure. _se_ =munir=, _v.r._, to provide one’s self, to be provided, to be supplied, to be furnished (with). =munition=, _n.f._, ammunition. _pl._, military stores, provisions. _—s de bouche_; provisions. _—s de guerre_; ammunition. =munitionnaire=, _n.m._, (milit.) contractor; commissary of stores. =muphti=, _n.m._ _V._ =mufti=. =muqueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, mucous. =mur=, _n.m._, wall. _— mitoyen_; partition wall. _— de clôture_; inclosure-wall. _— d’appui_; wall breast-high, parapet wall. _— blanc_; dead wall. _Mettre quelqu’un au pied du —_; to nonplus any one, to drive into a corner. =mûr=, =-e=, _adj._, ripe, mature, matured; worn out, shabby (of clothes). _L’âge —_; mature age. _Du vin —_; wine fit for drinking. =murage=, _n.m._, walling. *=muraille=, _n.f._, thick, high wall; rampart. *=muraillement=, _n.m._, (mas.) walling. =mural=, =-e=, _adj._, mural. =mûre=, _n.f._, (bot.) mulberry. _— sauvage_, _— de ronce_, _— de haie_; blackberry. =mûrement= (mûr-mān), _adv._, maturely. _J’y ai — réfléchi_; I have deeply reflected upon it. =murène=, _n.f._, (ich.) muræna. =murer=, _v.a._, to wall; to wall up; to brick up; to immure; to screen, to veil. =murex= (-rèks), _n.m._, (conch.) murex. =muriate=, _n.m._, (chem.) muriate. =muriatique=, _adj._, (chem.) muriatic. _Acide —_; muriatic acid. =mûrier=, _n.m._, mulberry-tree. =mûrir=, _v.n._, to ripen, to grow ripe, to mature. =mûrir=, _v.a._, to ripen, to mature, to bring to perfection _or_ completeness. _Se —_; to ripen. =murmurant=, =-e=, _adj._, murmuring, babbling, purling; muttering, grumbling. =murmurateur=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, murmurer, grumbler; discontented, murmuring, grumbling person. =murmure=, _n.m._, murmur; murmuring, grumbling, muttering; whispering; prattling; babbling; purl (of a brook); soughing (of the wind). =murmurer=, _v.n._, to murmur, to grumble, to mutter; to whisper; to gurgle, to prattle, to purl, to babble, to sough. =murmurer=, _v.a._, to mutter, to whisper. _Que murmurez-vous là?_ what are you muttering there? _se_ =murmurer=, _v.r._, to be whispered, to be whispered about. =muron=, _n.m._, blackberry; wild raspberry. =murrhin=, =-e=, _adj._, murrhine. =musagète=, _adj._, (myth.) chief of the Muses (of Apollo). *=musaraigne=, _n.f._, (mam.) shrew-mouse. =musard=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, loiterer, dawdler; loitering, dawdling. =musarder=, _v.n._, to loiter, to dawdle. =musarderie=, _n.f._, loitering, trifling; dawdling. =musc= _or_ =porte-musc=, _n.m._, (_—_) (mam.) musk, musk-deer. =musc=, _n.m._, musk (scent). =muscade=, _n.f._, nutmeg; juggler’s ball. _Noix —_; nutmeg. =muscadet=, _n.m._, muscadet (wine). =muscadier=, _n.m._, nutmeg-tree. =muscadin=, _n.m._, musk-lozenge; ☉beau, dandy, fop, spark. =muscat=, _n.m._ and _adj._, muscatel, muscadine, muscadel (a kind of grapes, of wine, of pears). =muscatelline=, _n.f._, (bot.) adoxa, moschatel. =muscle=, _n.m._, muscle. =musclé=, =-e=, _adj._, strongly marked (of the muscles). =musculaire=, _adj._, muscular. =musculature=, _n.f._, (sculpt., paint.) muscularity, muscling. =musculeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, muscular, brawny, musculous. =muse=, _n.f._, Muse. =muse=, _n.f._, (hunt.) rutting-time. =museau=, _n.m._, muzzle, snout, nose, face. =musée=, _n.m._, museum. _— de tableaux_; picture-gallery. =museler= (mu-zlé), _v.a._, to muzzle, to silence, to gag. =muselière=, _n.f._, muzzle. =musellement=, _n.m._, muzzling; (fig.) gagging, silencing. =muser=, _v.n._, to loiter, to trifle, to moon, to dawdle; (hunt.) to begin to rut. _Qui refuse muse_; you may lose by refusing. =muserolle= (muz-rol), _n.f._, nose-band, musrole. =musette=, _n.f._, bagpipe; tune for ditto; nose-bag (for horses). =muséum= (-om), _n.m._, (_—s_) museum. =musical=, =-e=, _adj._, musical. =musicalement= (-kal-mān), _adv._, musically. =musicien=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, (-in, -è-n), musician. =musico=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (in the Netherlands) a low music hall; gaff; pot-house. =musicomane=, _n.m._, (l.u.) person extremely fond of music. _V._ =mélomane=. =musicomanie=, _n.f._, (l.u.) passion for music. _V._ =mélomanie=. =musi-f= _or_ =mussi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (chem.) mosaic. _Or —_; mosaic-gold, ormolu. =musique=, _n.f._, music; band, musicians. _Mettre des vers en —_; to set verses to music. _Être réglé comme un papier de —_; to be as regular as clockwork. _Nous ferons de la —_; we shall have some music. _La — du régiment_; the regimental band. =musiquer=, _v.n._, to strum (on the piano). =musoir=, _n.m._, pier-head, jetty-head. =musqué=, =-e=, _adj._, musked, perfumed; studied, unnatural; odd, strange. =musquer=, _v.a._, to perfume with musk, to musk, to scent. _se_ =musquer=, _v.r._, to scent one’s self with musk. _à_ =musse-pot=, _adv._, in concealment, secretly. _V._ =à muche-pot=. ☉_se_ =musser=, _v.r._, to hide one’s self; to lurk in a corner. =mussulman=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Mussulman; Mahometan, Mohammedan. =mustelle=, _n.f._, (ich.) whistle-fish. ☉=musurgie=, _n.f._, (mus.) musurgy. =mutabilité=, _n.f._, mutability, changeableness. =mutation=, _n.f._, mutation, change. =muter=, _v.a._, to sulphur (wine-casks). =mutilat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, mutilator; mutilating. =mutilation=, _n.f._, mutilation; maiming; mangling, garbling. =mutiler=, _v.a._, to mutilate; to maim; to disfigure, to garble. =mutin=, =-e=, _adj._, obstinate, stubborn, unruly, fractious; riotous, seditious, rebellious. =mutin=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, obstinate person; refractory child; mutineer, rioter. =mutiné=, =-e=, _part._, mutinous, riotous. _Peuple —_; riotous people. _Les flots —s_; the raging waves. _se_ =mutiner=, _v.r._, to mutiny, to be refractory, unruly. _Cet enfant se mutine_; that child is getting unruly. =mutinerie= (-ti-n-rî), _n.f._, mutiny, riot, sedition; unruliness. =mutisme=, _n.m._, dumbness, speechlessness. =mutualité=, _n.f._, mutuality. =mutuel=, =-le=, _adj._, mutual, reciprocal. _Société de secours —s_; benefit _or_ friendly society. =mutuellement= (-èl-mān), _adv._, mutually, reciprocally. =mutule=, _n.f._, (arch.) mutule. =myélite=, _n.f._, (med.) inflammation of the spinal marrow. =myographie=, _n.f._, myography. =myologie=, _n.f._, myology. =myope=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, myope, short-sighted person; short-sighted. =myope=, _n.m._, (ent.) conops. =myopie=, _n.f._, myopia, myopy, short-sightedness. =myose=, _n.f._, (med.) myosis. =myosotis=, _n.m._, (bot.) myositis, forget-me-not, scorpion-grass. =myosure=, _n.f._, (bot.) mouse-tail. =myotomie=, _n.f._, myotomy. =myriade=, _n.f._, myriad. =myriagramme=, _n.m._, myriagramme (22·0485 lbs. avoirdupois). =myriamètre=, _n.m._, myriametre (6·2138 miles). =myriapode=, _n.m._, (ent.) myriapod. =myrmidon=, _n.m._ _V._ =mirmidon=. =myrobolan=, _n.m._, (bot.) myrobalan. =myrobolan=, =-te=, _adj._ _V._ =mirobolant=. =myrobolanier=, _n.m._, myrobalan-tree. =myrrhe=, _n.f._, myrrh. =myrrhis= (mir-ris), _n.m._, (bot.) myrrhis. =myrte=, _n.m._, myrtle. =myrtiforme=, _adj._, myrtiform. =myrtille=, _n.f._, (bot.) bilberry. =mystagogue= (-gog), _n.m._, (antiq.) mystagogue. =mystère=, _n.m._, mystery, secret, secrecy; fuss, ado; importance. _Sans autre —_; without further ado. _Approfondir un —_; to probe a mystery. _Mettre du — à_; to make a mystery of. =mystérieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, mysteriously. =mystérieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, mysterious. =mysticisme=, _n.m._, mysticism. =mysticité=, _n.f._, mysticism. =mystificateur=, _n.m._, hoaxer, mystifier. _adj._, mystifying, hoaxing. =mystification=, _n.f._, hoaxing, hoax, mystification. =mystifier=, _v.a._, to hoax, to mystify. =mystique=, _adj._, mystical, mystic. =mystique=, _n.m.f._, (pers.) mystic. =mystique=, _n.f._, (philos.) the study of spirituality. =mystiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, mystically. =mythe=, _n.m._, myth, fable, fiction. =mythique=, _adj._, mythic, mythical. =mythologie=, _n.f._, mythology. =mythologique=, _adj._, mythological, fabulous. =mythologiste= _or_ =mythologue=, _n.m._, mythologist. =myure=, _adj._, (med.) sinking (of the pulse). N =n= (èn), _n.f._ (ne), _n.m._, the fourteenth letter of the alphabet, n. =n’= (contraction of _Ne_), not. =nabab=, _n.m._, nabob. =nababie=, _n.f._, nabobship. =nable=, _n.m._, (nav.) scuttle-hole; plug-stopper. =nabot=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (jest.) shrimp, manikin; (pers.) dwarf. =nacarat=, _n.m._, nacarat. =nacarat=, _adj. invariable_, nacarat. =nacelle=, _n.f._, wherry, small boat, skiff; (of balloon) car; (arch.) scotia, casement. =nacre=, _n.f._, mother-of-pearl. =nacré=, =-e=, _adj._, nacreous, pearly. =nadir=, _n.m._, (astron.) nadir. =naevus=, _n.m._, birth-mark, mole. =naffe=, _n.m._, orange-flower. Only used in _Eau de —_; orange-flower water. =nage=, _n.f._, swimming; rowing, sculling, paddling; (fig.) profuse perspiration, sweat. _A la —_; swimming, by swimming. _Passer la rivière à la —_; to swim across the river _or_ to row over. _Se jeter à la —_; to leap into the water. _Être tout en —_; to be in a bath of perspiration. _Donner la —_; to pull the stroke oar, to give the stroke. =nagée=, _n.f._, (l.u.) stroke in swimming _or_ rowing. =nagement= (na-jmān), _n.m._, swimming, rowing. =nageoire=, _n.f._, fin (of a fish); cork, bladder, float for swimming; board floating in a pail (to keep the water steady). =nageoter=, _v.n._, to swim a little, to swim about. =nager=, _v.n._, to swim; to float; to roll; to welter; (nav.) to row, to paddle, to scull, to pull. _Il nage comme un poisson_; he swims like a fish. _— dans l’opulence_; to be rolling in riches. _— entre deux eaux_; to swim under water; (fig.) to be a trimmer. _— dans son sang_; to be weltering in one’s blood. _— à culer_; (nav.) to back, to back water. =nageu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, swimmer; (nav.) rower, oarsman. =naguère= _or_ =naguères= (na-ghèr), _adv._, lately, but lately, but now, not long ago. =naïade=, _n.f._, (myth.) naiad, water-nymph. =naï-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, naïve, native, artless, ingenuous; plain, unaffected, natural; candid; simple. _Grâce —ve_; native grace. _Réponse —ve_; ingenuous answer. =naïf=, _n.m._, (lit., paint.) nature without art. =nain= (nin), =-e= (nè-n), _n._ and _adj._, dwarf; dwarfish. _— jaune_; Pope Joan (card game). _Arbres —s_; dwarf trees. _Œuf —_; addled egg. =naïre=, _n.m._, Indian chief (Malabar). =naissain=, _n.m._, oyster-spat. =naissance=, _n.f._, birth; nativity; descent, extraction; beginning, dawn, rise. _Le lieu de sa —_; one’s birth-place. _Jour de —_, _anniversaire de la —_; birth-day. _Être de haute —_; to be high-born. _Prendre — de_; to be born; to originate in. _Donner — à_; to give rise to. _La — de la poésie_; the dawn of poetry. =naissant=, =-e=, _adj._, newly-born; dawning; budding, rising; infant, in its infancy; beginning, growing, nascent. _Une fortune —e_; a rising fortune. =naître= (naissant, né), _v.n._, to be born, to come into the world; to originate, to arise; to rise, to dawn, to spring up. _Il est né poète_; he was born a poet. _Cela peut faire — des soupçons_; that may give rise to suspicion. _Faire —_; to call into existence; to create, to produce, to excite, to suggest. _Je l’ai vu —_; I knew him as a child. =naïvement= (-iv-mān), _adv._, ingenuously, plainly, candidly, naïvely, artlessly. =naïveté= (-iv-té), _n.f._, native simplicity, ingenuousness, artlessness; simple thing; naïveté. =nanan=, _n.m._, sweetmeats, goody (childish). =nankin=, _n.m._, nankeen. =nanti=, =-e=, _part._, stocked, furnished with, holding as security. _Être — de_; to hold as a pledge. =nantir=, _v.a._, to give as a pledge, to secure. _se_ =nantir=, _v.r._, to hold as a pledge; to provide one’s self (with); to take possession (of); to feather one’s nest. =nantissement= (-tis-mān), _n.m._, security, pledge, lien. =napée=, _n.f._, (myth.) wood-nymph, mountain-nymph. =napel=, _n.m._, (bot.) monk’s-hood. =naphte=, _n.m._, naphtha. =napiforme=, _adj._, (bot.) napiform, turnip-shaped. =napoléon=, _n.m._, napoleon (French gold coin, worth $3.86). =napolitain=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Neapolitan. =nappe=, _n.f._, cloth, table-cloth, cover; (hunt.) dead animal’s skin; clap-net. _— d’eau_; sheet of water. _Eclair en —_; sheet-lightning. =napperon= (na-pron), _n.m._, napkin, slip (small table-cloth). =narcisse=, _n.m._, (bot.) daffodil, narcissus. _C’est un —_; he is enamored of his person. =narcotine=, _n.f._, narcotine. =narcotique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, narcotic. =narcotisme=, _n.m._, (med.) narcotism. =nard=, _n.m._, (bot., pharm.) nard; (bot.) spikenard. =nargue= (narg), _n.f._, pshaw, pish, scorn, disdain, slight, sneer. _Dire — de_; to snap one’s finger at. _— de l’amour_; a fig for, a plague on, love. _Faire — à_; to snap one’s fingers at. =narguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to defy, to set at defiance; to beard. =narguilé=, _n.m._, narghileh (Turkish, Persian pipe). =narine=, _n.f._, nostril. =narquois=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, sharper, swindler; banterer, chaffer, quiz; cunning, sly, chaffing, bantering. _Parler —_; to talk slang. =narquoisement=, _adv._, cunningly, slyly, sneeringly, banteringly. =narrat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, (nar-ra-), narrator, relater. =narrati-f=, =-ve= (nar-ra-), _adj._, narrative, narratory. =narration= (nar-ra-), _n.f._, narration, narrative. =narré= (nar-ré), _n.m._, narrative, narration, recital, account, story. =narrer= (nar-ré), _v.a._, to narrate, to relate, to tell. =narthex=, _n.m._, (arch.) narthex vestibule. =narval=, _n.m._, (mam.) narwhal, sea-unicorn. =nasal=, =-e=, _adj._, nasal. _Son —_; nasal sound. =nasale=, _n.f._, (gram.) nasal. =nasalement=, _adv._, (gram.) with a nasal sound. =nasaliser=, _v.a._, to render nasal, to nasalize. =nasalité=, _n.f._, (gram.) nasal sound. =nasard=, _n.m._, organ-stop (to imitate the human voice). =nasarde=, _n.f._, fillip, rap on the nose. =nasarder=, _v.a._, to fillip, to rap on the nose; to jeer, to banter; to defy, to make game of. =naseau=, _n.m._, nostril (of animals). _Un fendeur de —x_; a swaggerer, a braggart. =nasi=, _n.m._, President of the Sanhedrim. *=nasillant=, =-e=, _adj._, speaking through the nose. *=nasillard=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, snuffler, person who speaks through his nose; snuffling, nasal. *=nasillement=, _n.m._, speaking through the nose, snuffling; twang. *=nasiller=, _v.n._, to speak through the nose, to snuffle. =nasilleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, snuffler. *=nasillonner=, _v.n._, to speak a little through the nose. =nasse=, _n.f._, bow-net, weel, eel-pot. _Il est dans la —_; he is in a scrape. =nasselle=, _n.f._, rush net. =natal=, =-e=, _adj._, natal, native, vernacular. _Lieu —_; birth-place. _Pays —_; native country. _Jour —_; birthday. =natation=, _n.f._, swimming. =natatoire=, _adj._, swimming, natatory. =nati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, native, natural. _Il est — de_; he is a native of (towns). _Or —_; native gold. =natif=, _n.m._, native. =nation=, _n.f._, nation. _La grande —_; France (under Napoleon I.). =national=, =-e=, _adj._, national, native. _Assemblée —e_; national assembly. _Garde —e_; national guard (corps). _Garde —_; national guard (man). =nationalement= (-nal-mān), _adv._, nationally. =nationaliser=, _v.a._, to nationalize. _se_ =nationaliser=, _v.r._, to become nationalized. =nationalité=, _n.f._, nationality. =nationaux=, _n.m.pl._, natives, native subjects; countrymen. =nativité=, _n.f._, nativity, birth. =natron= _or_ =natrum=, _n.m._, (min.) natron. =natte=, _n.f._, mat, matting, straw-mat; plait, twist (of hair, silk, &c.). =natter=, _v.a._, to mat; to plait, to plat, to twist. =nattier=, _n.m._, mat-maker; straw-plaiter. _in_ =naturalibus=, _adv._, (fam.) in a state of nakedness, stark naked. =naturalisation=, _n.f._, naturalization. =naturaliser=, _v.a._, to naturalize. =naturalisme=, _n.m._, naturalism, naturalness. =naturaliste=, _n.m.f._, naturalist. _adj._, naturalistic. =naturalité=, _n.f._, citizenship, denizenship. =nature=, _n.f._, nature; kind; habit, constitution, disposition, temper; life, life-size. _Don de la —_; gift of nature. _L’habitude est une seconde —_; habit is a second nature. _La — humaine_; human nature; mankind. _Payer en —_; to pay in kind. _L’art perfectionne la —_; nature is improved by art. _Prendre la — pour modèle_; to copy nature. _Dessiner d’après —_; to draw from nature, from life. _De — à_; calculated to. _Contre —_; unnatural. _adj._, _pommes de terre —_; plain boiled potatoes. =naturel=, =-le=, _adj._, natural, native, inborn, innate, inherent, genial; artless, plain, home-bred. _Enfant —_; illegitimate child. =naturel=, _n.m._, native; nature, naturalness; freedom from affectation, genuineness, simplicity; temper, constitution; feeling; life. _Les —s d’un pays_; the natives of a country. _— fort et robuste_; strong constitution. _Un homme d’un mauvais —_, _d’un bon —_; an ill-natured, a good-natured, man. _Au —_; naturally, to the life, life-size; (cook.) cooked plain. =naturellement= (-rèl-mān), _adv._, naturally, by nature; genuinely, sincerely, candidly; plainly, freely, artlessly. =naufrage=, _n.m._, shipwreck, wreck. _Faire —_; to be wrecked _or_ shipwrecked. =naufragé=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, castaway; wrecked, shipwrecked. =naufrager=, _v.n._, to be shipwrecked, to suffer shipwreck. =naulage=, _n.m._, freight, fare. =naumachie=, _n.f._, naumachy (spectacle representing a sea-fight). =nauséabond=, =-e=, _adj._, nauseous, loathsome, disgusting, sickening. =nausée=, _n.f._, nausea, qualm, retching; loathing; disgust. =nautile=, _n.m._, (mol.) nautilus; life-belt. =nautique=, _adj._, nautical, nautic. =nautiquement=, _adv._, nautically. =nautoni-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, (poet.) pilot, mariner. =naval=, =-e=, _adj._, naval, sea, nautical. _Combat —_; sea-fight. ☉=navée=, _n.f._, boat-load. =navet=, _n.m._, turnip; (hort.) root. =navetier= (nav-tié), _n.m._, shuttle-maker. =navetière=, _n.f._, turnip-field. =navette=, _n.f._, (ecc.) incense-box; (bot.) rape, rape-seed; netting-needle, shuttle. _Faire la —_; to go to and fro; to wobble. _Huile de —_; rape oil. _Point de —_; lock-stitch. =naviculaire=, _adj._, (anat., bot.) navicular. =navigabilité=, _n.f._, navigableness, seaworthiness. =navigable=, _adj._, navigable, seaworthy. =navigateur=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, navigator; seafaring. =navigation=, _n.f._, navigation, voyage, sailing. _— de plaisance_; boating, yachting. =naviguer= (-ghé), _v.n._, to navigate, to sail. _— en pleine mer_; to sail in the open sea. =naviguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to row, to sail (a boat). ☉*=naville=, _n.f._, small irrigation canal. =navire=, _n.m._, vessel, ship. [Not applied to men-of-war.] _Couler à fond un —_; to sink a ship. _Un — marchand_; a merchantman. =navrant=, =-e=, _adj._, heart-rending, heart-breaking, distressing. =navré=, =-e=, _part._, broken-hearted, wrung, rent, distressed. _Avoir le cœur —_; to be broken-hearted. =navrer=, _v.a._, to wound, to distress; to rend the heart. _Cela me navre le cœur_; that rends my heart. =nazaréen= (-ré-in), _n.m._, =-ne= (-ré-è-n), _n.f._, Nazarite, Nazarene. =n.b.=, (ab. of _Nota Bene_) _N.B._, _Nota Bene_. =n.d.=, (ab. of _Notre Dame_) our Lady. =ne=, _adv._, no, not. _Je — veux pas_; I will not. _Cela — vaut rien_; that is worth nothing. _Il — cesse de gronder_; he does not cease scolding, is always on the scold. _Je n’ose lui parler_; I dare not speak to him. _Je — peux me taire_; I cannot remain silent. _Je — saurais vous dire_; I cannot tell you. _Vous — devez pas_; you must not. _Je crains que cela — soit_; I fear that it is so. _Je — doute pas que cela ne soit_; I do not doubt it. _A moins que cela — soit_; unless that is so. _Il — fait que dormir_; he does nothing but sleep. _— ... que_; only, nothing but. _Il n’a a fait que cela_; he only did that. _Il — le fera plus_; he will not do it again. [_Ne_ is contracted into _n’_ before a vowel or a silent _h_.] =né=, =-e=, _part._, born. _— de la mer_; sea-born. _Bien —_; of good birth, well-disposed. _Nouveau-—_, _m._, (_—-—s_), _nouveau-—e_, _f._, (_—-—s_) newly-born. _Mort-—_, _m._, (_—-—s_), _mort-—e_, _f._, (_—-—s_) still-born. _Je suis — à Londres_; I was born in London. _Premier —_; first-born. =néanmoins=, _adv._, nevertheless, however, for all that, notwithstanding. =néant=, _n.m._, nothing, naught, nothingness, emptiness, nonentity. _C’est un homme de —_; he is a man of nothing. _Mettre au —_; to annul, to set at naught. =nébride=, _n.f._, fawn-skin (worn at the feast of Bacchus). =nébuleuse=, _n.f._, (astron.) nebula. =nébuleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, nebulous, cloudy, misty, hazy; obscure, gloomy. =nébulosité=, _n.f._, nebulosity, obscurity, gloom. =nécessaire=, _adj._, necessary, requisite, needful, unavoidable, indispensable. =nécessaire=, _n.m._, necessaries, needful; dressing-case; work-box; canteen. _Se refuser le —_; to refuse one’s self the necessaries of life. =nécessairement= (-sèr-mān), _adv._, necessarily; of course. =nécessitante=, _adj.f._, absolute; (theol.) compulsory. =nécessité=, _n.f._, necessity, exigence; need, want. _— n’a point de loi_; necessity knows no law. _Faire de — vertu_; to make a virtue of necessity. _La — est la mère de l’invention_; necessity is the mother of invention. _Les —s de la nature_; the wants of nature. _De —_; of necessity, necessarily. =nécessiter=, _v.a._, to compel, to force; to necessitate; to oblige, to imply. =nécessiteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, necessitous, needy. =nécessiteux=, _n.m._, pauper. =nec plus ultra=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) ne plus ultra. =nécrologe=, _n.m._, obituary. =nécrologie=, _n.f._, necrology, obituary. =nécrologique=, _adj._, necrologic, necrological. =nécromance= _or_ =nécromancie=, _n.f._, necromancy. =nécromancien= (-ci-in), _n.m._, =-ne= (-ci-è-n), _n.f._, necromancer. =nécromant=, _n.m._, necromancer. =nécropole=, _n.f._, necropolis. =nécrose=, _n.f._, (med.) necrosis. =nectaire=, _n.m._, (bot.) nectary, honey-cup. =nectar=, _n.m._, nectar. =nef=, _n.f._, nave (of a church); (poet.) ship. _Moulin à —_; mill built upon a boat. =néfaste=, _adj._, (antiq.) (of solemn festivals) of rest; inauspicious, of evil omen, unlucky. _Jour —_; day of mourning. =nèfle=, _n.f._, (bot.) medlar. =néflier=, _n.m._, (bot.) medlar-tree. =négatif=, _n.m._, (photograph), negative. =négati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, negative. =négation=, _n.f._, negation, negative. =négative=, _n.f._, negative, refusal. =négativement= (-tiv-mān) _adv._, negatively. =négligé=, =-e=, _part._, neglected, unnoticed, unheeded, unstudied; careless, slovenly. _Style —_; careless style. _Extérieur —_; slovenly exterior. =négligé=, _n.m._, undress, negligee. =négligeable=, _adj._, (math.) that can be neglected, trifling, unimportant. _Quantité —_; not important enough to be taken into account, or that can be set aside. =négligement= (-gli-jmān), _n.m._, (arts) neglect. =négligemment= (-ja-mān), _adv._, negligently, carelessly. =négligence=, _n.f._, negligence, neglect; carelessness, oversight. =négligent=, =-e=, _adj._ and _n._, negligent, neglectful, remiss, careless; negligent person. =négliger=, _v.a._, to neglect, to omit, to overlook, to slight, to pass over, to disregard, to pass by. _se_ =négliger=, _v.r._, to neglect one’s self, to be negligent or careless. _Il commence à —_; he begins to be careless of his person. =négoce=, _n.m._, trade, traffic, business. _Faire un gros —_; to carry on a large trade. =négociabilité=, _n.f._, negotiability. =négociable=, _adj._, negotiable, transferable. =négociant=, _n.m._, merchant (wholesale). =négociat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, negotiator, transactor. =négociation=, _n.f._, negotiation, transaction. =négocier=, _v.n._, to negotiate, to trade. =négocier=, _v.a._, to negotiate; to be in treaty for. _— un mariage_; to bring about a marriage. _se_ =négocier=, _v.r._, to be negotiating _or_ negotiated (of a thing). *=négraille=, _n.f._, negro-race. =nègre=, _n.m._, negro, black. _Travailler comme un —_; to toil and moil; to work like a slave. =négrerie=, _n.f._, negro-yard. =négresse=, _n.f._, negress. =négrier=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, slave-ship, slaver; slave-dealer. _Capitaine —_; captain of a slave-ship. _Bâtiment —_; slave-ship. _Marchand —_; slave-dealer. *=négrillon=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, little negro, negro boy, negro girl. =négromancien=, =négromant=, _n.m._ _V._ =nécromancien=, =nécromant=. =neige=, _n.f._, snow; (bot.) guelder-rose. _De gros flocons de —_; large flakes of snow. _Amas de —_; snow-drift. _Boule de —_; snow-ball. _Il est tombé de la —_; there has been a fall of snow. _D’une blancheur de —_; as white as snow. =neiger=, _v.imp._, to snow. _Il neige_; it snows. =neigeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, snowy. _Temps —_; snowy weather. =nélumbo=, _n.m._, (bot.) nelumbium. =néméen= (-in), _adj.m._, Nemean. =nénies=, _n.f.pl._, (antiq.) funeral dirges. =nenni= (na-ni), _adv._, (fam.) no, not at all. _—-da_; no, indeed; certainly not. =nénufar=, _n.m._, nenuphar, water-lily, water-rose. =néo=, a prefix from Gr. νέος. =néographe=, _n.m._ and _adj._, neographer. =néographisme=, _n.m._, new way of spelling. =néo-latin=, _adj._, neo-latin (applied to the seven modern languages derived from Latin). =néologie=, _n.f._, neology. =néologique=, _adj._, neological. =néologisme=, _n.m._, neologism. =néologiste=, _n.m._, neologist. =néologue=, _n.m._, (b.s.) neologist. =néophyte=, _n.m.f._, neophyte. =néo-platonicien= (-ci-in), =-ne= (-ci-è-n), _n._ and _adj._, (_—-—s_) Neoplatonist. _Ecole —ne_; the Neoplatonist school. =néo-platonisme=, _n.m._ (_n.p._), Neo-Platonism. =néotérique=, _adj._, neoteric. =néphralgie=, _n.f._, nephralgia. =néphrétique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (med.) nephritic (person affected with renal colic). =néphrétique=, _n.f._, renal colic. =néphrite=, _n.f._, nephritis. =népotisme=, _n.m._, nepotism. =neptune=, _n.m._, (astron., myth.) Neptune; (fig.) the sea; (tech.) nautical atlas. =neptunien=, =-ne=, _adj._, (geol.) neptunian. =nérée=, _n.m._, Nereus. _L’empire de —_ (poet.) the sea. =néréide=, _n.f._, (myth.) Nereid. =nerf= (nèrf), _n.m._, nerve, sinew; fortitude, vigor, strength, stamina; (bookbind.) cord, slip of tape. _Attaque de —s_; fit, nervous attack, hysterics. [The _f_ is mute in _nerf_, when used in the _pl._, and in _nerf de bœuf_.] _L’argent est le — de la guerre_; money is the sinews of war. _Donner sur les —s_; to make one feel nervous; to irritate one; to rack one’s nerves. _Manquer de —_; to be wanting in energy. =nerf-férure=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) (vet.) overreach. =nérite=, _n.f._, (conch.) nerite. =néroli=, _n.m._, neroli. =nerprun=, _n.m._, (bot.) buckthorn. ☉=nervaison=, _n.f._, (med.) nervous system. ☉=nerval=, =-e=, _adj._, acting upon the nerves, nervine. =nervé=, =-e=, _part._, nerved, nervose; corded. =nerver=, _v.a._, to cover with sinews. _— un livre_; (bookbind.) to cord a book. =nerveu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, nervous; sinewy, brawny, muscular, wiry, vigorous. _Être —_; to be nervous. _Bras —_; sinewy arm. =nervin=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, nervine. =nervosité=, _n.f._, nervousness; nervosity. =nervure=, _n.f._, (arch.) nerve; (bot.) nerve (of a leaf); (bookbind.) slips of tape, cording; (ent.) nervure; (carp.) rib, fillet; (needlework) piping. =nestor=, _n.m._, (_—s_) Nestor; oldest, senior. =nestorianisme=, _n.m._, (ecc. hist.) Nestorianism. =nestorien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._ and _n._, (ecc. hist.) Nestorian. =net=, =-te=, _adj._, clean, neat, pure; clear, fair, empty; plain, distinct; easy, perspicuous; flat, frank, point-blank; (com.) net. _Une chambre —te_; a clean room. _Un cheval sain et —_; a horse warranted sound and free from any defect. _Ce vin est —_; that wine is clear. _Une écriture —te_; a fair hand. _Avoir la voix —te_; to have a clear voice. _Je veux en avoir le cœur —_; I will know the rights of it. _Faire maison —te_; to clear the house of servants. _Une réponse —te_; a plain answer. _Son bien est —_; his estate is clear. _Une pensée —te_; a clear thought. _Il a l’esprit —_; he has a clear understanding. _Avoir les mains —tes_; (fig.) to have clean hands; not to be mixed up in any shady enterprise. _Prix —_; trade price. _Bénéfice —_; clear profit. =net=, _n.m._, fair copy. _Mettre au —_; to make a fair copy. =net=, _adv._, clean, entirely; plainly, freely, flatly, point-blank, outright. _Il me l’a refusé tout —_; he flatly refused me or he refused me point-blank. =nettement= (nèt-mān), _adv._, neatly; cleanly; clearly; distinctly, outright; frankly, plainly, flatly. _Parlez-lui —_; speak to him plainly, freely. =netteté= (nèt-té), _n.f._, cleanness, cleanliness; neatness, clearness, distinctness, sharpness, purity, plainness, blamelessness. _Voir avec —_; to see with distinctness. _— dans la voix_; clearness of voice. =nettoiement= (né-toa-mān), _n.m._, cleaning, cleansing, clearing; scouring, sweeping; brushing, wiping. =nettoyage=, _n.m._ _V._ =nettoiement=. =nettoyer=, _v.a._, to clean, to cleanse, to make clean, to scour, to wipe, to pick, to free, to clear, to rid (of), to sweep away, to sweep, to free (from); to drive off. _— un habit_; to clean a coat. _— les biens d’une maison_; to pay off the debts of a firm. _— le tapis_; to carry off the stakes; to sweep the board. _— la tranchée_; (milit.) to drive the besiegers from their trench. _— une maison_; (fig. fam.) to carry off the furniture. _se_ =nettoyer=, _v.r._, to clean one’s self, to be cleaned. _— les dents_; to clean one’s teeth. =neuf=, _n._ and _adj._, nine, ninth. _Un — de cœur_; a nine of hearts. [Neuf is pronounced _neu_ when it precedes an _adj._ or a _n._ beginning with a consonant or _h_ aspirate; and _neuv_, if the _adj._ or _n._ begins with a vowel or a silent _h_.] =neuf=, _n.m._, new; something new. _À —_; anew, again; like new. _De —_; new. _Habiller de —_; to dress in new clothes. _Donnez-nous du —_; give us something new. _Il y a du —_; something has happened. =neu-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, new; raw, green, young, inexperienced. _Maison —ve_; new house. _Faire corps —_; to take a new lease of life. _Il est tout — dans ce métier_; he is quite new to the business. _Une pensée —ve_; a new thought. _Remettre à —_; to do up; to make as good as new or equal to new. =neume=, _n.m._, (plain chant) the singing of notes without words on one vowel. =neure=, _n.m._, Dutch herring-boat. =neutralement= (-tral-mān), _adv._, (gram.) neutrally. =neutralisant=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (chem.) neutralizing body; neutralizing. =neutralisation=, _n.f._, neutralization. =neutraliser=, _v.a._, to neutralize. _se_ =neutraliser=, _v.r._, to counteract each other, to become neutralized. =neutralité=, _n.f._, neutrality. =neutre=, _n.m._ and _adj._, neuter; neutral. _Pavillon —_; neutral flag. _Nom —_; neuter noun. _Verbe —_; neuter or intransitive verb. _Sel —_; neutral salt. =neuvaine=, _n.f._, (c.rel.) novena, neuvaine (nine days’ devotion). =neuvième=, _n.m._ and _adj._, ninth. _Il est le —_, _elle est la —_, _de sa classe_; he, she, is the ninth in his, in her, class. =neuvième=, _n.f._, (mus.) ninth. =neuvièmement= (-vièm-mān), _adv._, ninthly. =neveu=, _n.m._, nephew. _pl._, (poet.) posterity, descendants. _Petit-—_, (_—s-—x_) grandnephew. _— à la mode de Bretagne_; cousin once removed. _Nos —x_, _nos derniers —x_, _nos arrière-—x_; our posterity, our children’s children. =névralgie=, _n.f._, neuralgia. =névralgique=, _adj._, (med.) neuralgic. =névritique=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, (med.) neurotic. =névrographie=, _n.f._, neurology. =névrologie=, _n.f._, neurology. =névroptère=, _adj._, neuropteral, neuropterous. =névroptère=, _n.m._, neuropteran. =névrose=, _n.f._, (med.) nervous affection, nervous disorder, neurose. =névrotomie=, _n.f._, neurotomy. =newtonianisme= (neu-), _n.m._, Newtonianism. =newtonien=, =-ne= (neu-to-ni-in, -è-n), _adj._, Newtonian. =newtonien=, _n.m._, Newtonian. =nez= (né), _n.m._, nose; face; scent (of dogs). _— aquilin_; aquiline nose. _— retroussé_; turned-up nose. _— écrasé_, _épaté_; flat nose, pug nose. _Il s’est cassé le —_; he has broken his nose. _Donner sur le — à quelqu’un_; to strike any one on the nose. _Regarder quelqu’un sous le —_; to stare any one in the face. _Ne voir pas plus loin que son —_; to see no farther than one’s nose. _À vue de —_; by rule of thumb. _Avoir bon —_; to have a good nose. _Il saigne du —_; his nose is bleeding. _Au — de quelqu’un_; to a person’s face, under a person’s nose. _Rire au — de quelqu’un_; to laugh in any one’s face. _Fermer la porte au — à quelqu’un_; to shut the door in any one’s face. _— à —_; face to face. _Parler du —_; to speak through the nose. _Fourrer son — dans une affaire_; to thrust one’s nose into any business. _Mener quelqu’un par le —_; to lead any one by the nose. _Donner du — en terre_; to fall on one’s face; (fig.) to miscarry, to fail. _S’y casser le —_; to fail in anything. _Tirer les vers du — à quelqu’un_; to pump any one. _Jeter quelque chose au — de quelqu’un_; to cast a thing in any one’s teeth; to twit any one (with). _Il a bon —_; he is a sagacious man. _Il a un pied de —_; he looks foolish; he is sadly disappointed. _Faire un pied de — à_; to laugh at. _Qui coupe son — dégarnit son visage_; it is an ill bird that fouls his own nest. _Il lui en pend autant au —_; he may expect as much. =ni=, _conj._, neither; nor; either; or. _Il n’est — bon — mauvais_; it is neither good nor bad. _— moi non plus_; nor I either. =niable=, _adj._, deniable; (jur.) traversable. =niais=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, ninny, simpleton; silly, simple, foolish. _Il a l’air —_; he has a silly look. =niaisement= (nièz-mān), _adv._, sillily, foolishly. =niaiser=, _v.n._, to stand trifling, to play the fool, to fiddle-faddle. =niaiserie= (-èz-rî), _n.f._, silliness, foolishness, simplicity; silly thing, trifle, foolery, nonsense. =niche=, _n.f._, niche, nook, corner; recess, alcove, retreat; kennel; trick, prank. _Faire une — à_; to play a trick upon. =nichée=, _n.f._, nest (of young birds); brood; crew, gang, set. _Une — de souris_; a brood of mice. =nicher=, _v.a._, to nestle, to build; to lodge. _Qui vous a niché là?_ who put you there? _se_ =nicher=, _v.r._, to nestle, to nestle one’s self; to hide one’s self; to put one’s self. _Où la vertu va-t-elle se —?_ who could expect to find virtue there? =nicher=, _v.n._, to nestle, to build a nest. =nichet=, _n.m._, nest-egg. =nichoir=, _n.m._, breeding-cage. =nickel=, _n.m._, (metal.) nickel. =nicodème=, _n.m._, noodle, booby, nincompoop. _C’est un grand —_; he is a great noodle. =nicotiane= (-ci-), _n.f._, (bot.) nicotiana. =nicotine=, _n.f._, nicotine. =nictation=, _n.f._, nictation, nictitation. =nicter=, _v.n._, (vet.) to nictate. =nictitation=, _n.f._ _V._ =nictation=. =nid=, _n.m._, nest; berth, post. _Petit à petit l’oiseau fait son —_; little strokes fell great oaks. _Trouver la pie au —_; to find what one is looking for. _Un — à rats_; a hovel, a mere hole. _— d’oiseau_; bird’s nest. _À chaque oiseau son — est beau_; home is home, be it never so homely. _On n’a plus trouvé que le —_; they found the birds flown. =nidification=, _n.f._, nidification, nest-building. =nidoreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, nidorous. =nièce=, _n.f._, niece. _Petite-—_, (_—s-—s_) grand-niece. _— à la mode de Bretagne_; cousin, once removed. =nielle=, _n.f._, smut, blight; (bot.) rose-campion, corn-cockle, fennel-flower. =nielle=, _n.m._, niello, inlaid enamel-work. =nieller=, _v.a._, (agri.) to smut, to blast, to blight; to inlay with enamel-work. _se_ =nieller=, _v.r._, to become smutty, blighted. =nielleur=, _n.m._, (gold.) enameler of niello. =niellure=, _n.f._, (gold.) niello-work. =nier=, _v.a._, to deny, to gainsay, to disown, to deny the existence of; (jur.) to traverse. _Il nie que cela soit_; he denies that it is so. _se_ =nier=, _v.r._, to be denied. =nigaud=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, booby, simpleton, silly fellow; silly, foolish. _Un grand —_; a great booby. =nigaud=, _n.m._, (orni.) booby, gannet. =nigauder=, _v.n._, to play the fool, to trifle. =nigauderie= (-gô-drî), _n.f._, silliness, tomfoolery; foolish trick. =nigelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) fennel-flower. =nihilisme=, _n.m._, nihilism. =nihiliste=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, nihilist, nihilistic. =nilgaut=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) nylghau (kind of antelope). *=nille=, _n.f._, tendril (of a vine). =nilomètre=, _n.m._, nilometer. =nimbe=, _n.m._, (paint.) nimbus, halo. =nipper=, _v.a._, to fit out, to rig out. _se_ =nipper=, _v.r._, to rig one’s self out. _Il s’est bien nippé_; he has rigged himself out very well; he is quite a toff. =nippes=, _n.f.pl._, clothes, apparel; togs, toggery; things; furniture. [Mostly used in the plural.] =nique=, _n.f._, (fam., l.u.) sign of mockery or contempt. _Faire la — à quelqu’un_; to mock any one, to make fun of. _Faire la — à la fortune_; to despise riches. =nitée=, _n.f._ _V._ =nichée=. =nitouche=, _n.f._, demure hypocrite. _Sainte —_; demure-looking person. _Faire la sainte —_; to look as if butter would not melt in one’s mouth. =nitrate=, _n.m._, nitrate. =nitre=, _n.m._, niter. =nitreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, nitrous. =nitrière=, _n.f._, niter-bed. =nitrification=, _n.f._, nitrification. _se_ =nitrifier=, _v.r._, to nitrify. =nitrique=, _adj._, nitric. =nitrite=, _n.m._, nitrite. =nitrogène=, _n.m._ and _adj._, nitrogen; nitrogenous. =nitroglycérine=, _n.f._, (chem.) nitroglycerine. =nitro-muriatique=, _adj._, nitro-muriatic. =nitrosité=, _n.f._, nitrosity, nitrous quality (of). =nivéal=, =-e=, _adj._, growing in the snow; snowy. =niveau=, _n.m._, level. _— d’eau_; water-level. _— à bulle d’air_; spirit-level. _— à perpendicule_; plumb-level. _Au — de_; on a level with, even with. _— des eaux_; water-mark. _Mettre de —_; to level, to make even. =niveler= (ni-vlé), _v.a._, to make even, to take the level of, to level. =nivellette=, _n.f._, level-indicator. =niveleur= (ni-vleur), _n.m._, leveler. =nivellement= (-vèl-mān), _n.m._, leveling. =nivéole=, _n.f._, (bot.) snow-flake, snow-drop. =nivereau=, _n.m._, _or_ =niverolle=, _n.f._, snow-bird. ☉=nivet=, _n.m._, (pop.) gratuity, tip, douceur. =nivôse=, _n.m._, Nivôse, fourth month of the calendar of the first French republic, from December 21st or 22d to January 19th or 20th. =nobiliaire=, _n.m._, nobiliary. =nobiliaire=, _adj._, of the nobility, aristocratic. =nobilissime=, _adj._, most noble. =noble=, _adj._, noble, great, high, elevated. _Être de — sang_; to be of noble blood. _Il a l’air —_; he has a noble look. =noble=, _n.m._, noble, nobleman. =noblement=, _adv._, nobly, honorably, handsomely. _Vivre —_; to live like a noble. =noblesse=, _n.f._, nobility, rank; nobleness, loftiness. _La haute —_; the higher nobility. _La petite —_; the petty nobility. _— de cœur_; nobleness of heart. _— de style_; loftiness of style. =noce=, _n.f._, wedding, wedding-party; jollification, drinking-bout. _pl._, marriage, nuptials, wedding. _Habit de —s_; wedding suit. _Tant qu’à des —s_; (prov. pop.) plentifully, as much as you like. _N’être pas à la —_; not to be enjoying one’s self. _Gâteau de —_; bride-cake. _Faire la —_; to go on the spree, on the loose. _Je n’ai jamais été à pareilles —s_; I never had such a time of it. =nocer=, _v.n._, to go on the spree, on the loose. =noceu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, gay dog; gay woman. =nocher=, _n.m._, (poet.) pilot. _Caron, le pâle —_; Charon, the grim ferryman. _Mon — face à face_; my pilot face to face (Tennyson). =nocial=, _n.m._, wedding dress. =noctambule=, _n.m.f._, noctambulist, sleep-walker. =noctambulisme=, _n.m._, noctambulism, sleep-walking. =nocturne=, _adj._, nocturnal, nightly, night, of night. =nocturne=, _n.m._, (rel.) nocturn; (mus.) nocturne. =nocturnement=, _adv._, (l.u.) by night, nocturnally. ☉=nocuité=, _n.f._, noxiousness, culpability. =nodosité=, _n.f._, nodosity; (surg.) node. =nodule=, _n.m._, nodule. =nodus=, _n.m._, (surg.) node. =noël=, _n.m._, Christmas; Yule-tide; Christmas carol. _Les fêtes de —_; the Christmas holidays. _À la fête de —_, _à la —_; at Christmas. _Noël! noël!_ Hurrah! hurrah! =nœud= (neu), _n.m._, knot; stress, difficulty, intricacy, knotty point; rub; tie, bond, band, bow; knuckle; knob; node (med., bot., astron., lit.). _— serré_; hard knot. _— coulant_; noose, slip knot. _Un — de diamants_; a cluster of diamonds. _— d’amour_; love-knot. _Bois plein de —s_; wood full of knots. _Voilà le — de l’affaire_; there lies the kernel of the matter; there’s the rub. _Resserrer les —s de l’amitié_; to tighten the bonds of friendship. _Le — de la gorge_; Adam’s apple. _— d’une pièce de théâtre_; the knot or plot of a play. _—s d’une planète_; nodes of a planet. _— de bouline_; (nav.) bowline-knot. _— de bois_; (nav.) timber-hitch. _Nous filons douze —s par heure_; we are making twelve knots an hour. _Le — gordien_; the Gordian knot. =noguet=, _n.m._, large, flat wicker basket. =noie-chien=, _n.m._, shooting-boat. =noir=, =-e=, _adj._, black; swarthy; foul, dirty; dark, gloomy; black and blue; dismal, dull, gloomy; base, wicked, foul, heinous; brown (of bread). _— comme jais_; black as jet. _Des yeux —s_; black eyes. _Blé —_; buckwheat. _Bêtes —es_; black game. _Une chambre —e_; a dark room. _Un temps —_; gloomy weather. _Il a une humeur —e_; he has a fit of the blues. _Des idées —es_; gloomy ideas. _Un — attentat_; a foul crime. _Bête —e_; pet aversion. _Rendre —_; to blacken. _— comme dans un four_; dark as pitch. =noir=, _n.m._, black; negro; (agri.) brown-rust. _— de fumée_; lampblack. _— animal_; charcoal. _— d’ivoire_; ivory-black. _Teindre en —_; to dye black. _Porter le —_; to be in mourning. _En —_; in black. _Broyer du —_; to have the blues. =noirâtre=, _adj._, blackish. =noiraud=, =-e=, _adj._, dark, swarthy-looking. =noirceur=, _n.f._, blackness; darkness; black spot; heinousness, baseness, atrocity, foulness, treacherous action, foul thing. _La —de son crime_; the heinousness of his crime. _La — de son âme_; the baseness of his soul. =noircir=, _v.a._, to black, to blacken, to make black, to stain, to smut; to sully, to traduce, to asperse, to defame. _Le soleil noircit le teint_; the sun tans the complexion. _— la réputation de quelqu’un_; to sully any one’s character. _se_ =noircir=, _v.r._, to blacken, to grow black or dark; to get or turn black; to disgrace one’s self. _Se — la barbe_; to blacken one’s beard. _Cela s’est noirci à la fumée_; that has turned black in the smoke. _Le temps se noircit_; the weather is beginning to get cloudy. =noircir=, _v.n._, to blacken, to grow black. =noircissure=, _n.f._, smudge, black spot. =noire=, _n.f._, (mus.) crotchet. =noise=, _n.f._, quarrel, squabble, brawl. _Chercher — à quelqu’un_; to pick a quarrel with any one. _Avoir — avec_; to have a quarrel with. =noisetier= (noaz-tié), _n.m._, nut-tree, hazel-tree. =noisette=, _n.f._, nut, hazel-nut. =noix= (noa), _n.f._, walnut, nut; kernel; (of meat) pope’s eye; tumbler (of fire-arms); plug (of cocks); grinding-wheel (of coffee-mills). _— de galle_; gall-nut. _Coquille de —_; walnut-shell. _La — du genou_; the knee-cap. _— d’acajou_; cachew-nut. _— muscade_; nutmeg. _— vomique_; nux vomica. _Brou de —_; walnut husk. _— de terre_, _terre-—_ (_—_); earth-nut, pig-nut. =noli me tangere= (-mé-tan-jé-ré), _n.m._ (_—_), (bot.) noli me tangere, touch me not. =nolis= _or_ =nolisement=, _n.m._, freight, chartering. =noliser=, _v.a._, to freight, to charter. =nom= (non), _n.m._, name; fame, celebrity; (gram.) noun, title, style. _Un — propre_, _un — de baptême_; a proper, a christian, name. _Je ne le connais que de —_; I only know him by name. _— de guerre_; assumed name; alias; nickname. _Il nomme les choses par leur —_; he calls a spade a spade. _Au — de_; in the name of. _De —_; in name. _Avoir —_; to be called. _— social_ or _raison sociale_; name of the firm, style. _Décliner son —_; to give in one’s name. _Changer de —_; to change one’s name. _— collectif_; collective noun. _— substantif_, _— adjectif_; noun substantive, noun adjective. _— d’une pipe_, _— d’un tonnerre_, _— d’un petit bon homme!_ By Jingo! By George! =nomade=, _n.m._ and _adj._, nomad; nomadic, wandering, migratory. _Peuples —s_; nomadic tribes. =nomancie=, _n.f._, nomancy. =nomarque=, _n.m._, (antiq.) nomarch. =nombrable=, _adj._, (l.u.) countable, numerable. =nombrant=, _adj._, (math.) abstract. =nombre=, _n.m._, number; numbers; quantity; variety; quorum; harmony. _Mettre au — de_; to number among. _— compétent_; quorum (of members). _Surpasser en —_; to outnumber. _— pair_; even number. _— impair_; odd number. _— premier_; primary number. _Être du —_, _au — des savants_; to be one of the learned. _Vous n’êtes pas du —_; you are not one of them. _Dans le —_; among the number. _Il y a du — dans ces vers_; there is harmony in these verses. _— abstrait_, _— nombrant_; abstract number. _— concret_, _— nombré_; concrete number. _— d’or_ (astron.); golden number. _N’être pas en —_ (of assemblies); not to form a quorum. _Tout fait —_; every little helps. =nombré=, =-e=, _part._, (math.) concrete; numbered. =nombrer=, _v.a._, to number, to compute, to sum up, to reckon. =nombreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, numerous; harmonious, full. _Style —_; harmonious style. =nombril= (non-bri), _n.m._, (anat.) navel, umbilic; (bot.) hilum, eye. =nome=, _n.m._, (antiq.) nome. =nomenclateur=, _n.m._, nomenclator. =nomenclature=, _n.m._, nomenclature. =nominal=, _-e_, _adj._, nominal. _Appel —_; show of hands; call over. =nominalement=, _adv._, nominally. =nominalisme=, _n.m._, (philos.) nominalism. =nominaliste=, _n.m._, (nominaux) (philos.) Nominalist. =nominataire=, _n.m._, (ecc.) nominee, presentee. =nominateur=, _n.m._, (ecc.) nominator, presenter, patron. =nominatif=, _n.m._, (gram.) nominative. =nominati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, of names. =nomination=, _n.f._, nomination, appointment; election, advowson; gift. _Être dans la — de_; to be in the gift of. =nominativement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, by name. =nommé=, =-e=, _part._, named, said, appointed; designate; a certain. _Le — Jacques_; one James by name _or_ the said James. _À jour —_; on the appointed day. _À point —_; in the nick of time. _Un — Charles_; a certain Charles by name. =nommément=, _adv._, namely; particularly, especially. =nommer=, _v.a._, to name, to call, to give a name; to nominate, to appoint, to elect, to mention. _— quelqu’un son héritier_; to institute any one one’s heir. _se_ =nommer=, _v.r._, to state one’s name; to be called. _Comment se nomme-t-il?_ what is his name? =nomothète=, _n.m._, (antiq.) nomothete. =non=, _adv._, no, not. _— pas, s’il vous plaît_; not so, if you please. _Vous ne l’aimez pas, ni moi — plus_; you do not like it, nor I either. _Je crois que —_; I think not. _Je dis que —_; I say no. _—-da_; no indeed, certainly not. =non-acceptation=, _n.f._, non-acceptance. =non-activité=, _n.f._, (n.p.) (milit.) being unattached (of officers), non-effective. =nonagénaire=, _adj._, of ninety, ninety years of age. _n.m.f._, nonagenarian. =nonagésime=, _adj._, nonagesimal. =nonagone=, _n.m._, nonagon. =nonandre=, _adj._, (bot.) having nine stamens. ☉=nonante=, _adj._, ninety. ☉=nonantième=, _adj._, ninetieth. =nonce=, _n.m._, nuncio. =nonchalamment= (-la-mān), _adv._, carelessly, indolently, heedlessly. =nonchalance=, _n.f._, carelessness, heedlessness, remissness, nonchalance. =nonchalant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, careless, listless person; careless, heedless, listless, remiss. =nonchaloir=, _n.m._, nonchalance, heedlessness. =nonciature=, _n.f._, nunciature, nuncio’s residence. =non-conformiste=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) nonconformist. =non-conformité=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) nonconformity. =none=, _n.f._, (c.rel.) none; (antiq.) ninth hour (3 o’clock p.m.). =nones=, _n.f.pl._, (antiq.) nones. =non-être=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) (philos.) non-entity, non-existence. =nonidi=, _n.m._, nonidi (ninth day of the decade of the calendar of the first French republic). =non-intervention=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) (pol.) non-intervention. =nonius= (-ûs), _n.m._, (math.) nonius, sliding rule. =non-jouissance=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) non-enjoyment, non-use. =non-lieu=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) (jur.) no cause, no ground, to prosecute. _Ordonnance de —_; release, discharge. _Rendre une ordonnance de —_; to throw out a bill (of indictment). =non-moi=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) (philos.) the non ego, the external world. =nonnain=, _n.f._, (jest.) nun; (pigeon) jacobin. =nonnat=, _n.m._, sand-eel, sand-smelt. =nonne=, _n.f._, nun; (pigeon) bald-head. =nonnerie= (no-n-rî), _n.f._, (jest.) nunnery. =nonnette=, _n.f._, (jest.) young nun, nun; sort of gingerbread; (orni.) osprey. _— cendrée_; marsh-tit. =nonobstant=, _prep._, notwithstanding, in spite of. =nonobstant que=, _conj._, notwithstanding, although. =non-ouvré=, =-e=, _adj._, (of raw materials) unwrought. =non-pair=, _adj._, not even, odd (of numbers). *=nonpareil=, =-le=, _adj._, nonpareil, matchless, unparalleled. *=nonpareille=, _n.f._, nonpareil; narrow ribbon; nonpareil, nonesuch (apple, small sugar-plum); (print.) nonpareil. =non-payement=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) non-payment. =non plus ultra=, _n.m._ _V._ =nec plus ultra=. =non-prix=, _n.m._, (_—_) (com.) undervalue. =non-résidence=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) non-residence. =non-sens=, _n.m._, (_—_) nonsense. =nonuple=, _adj._, ninefold. =nonupler=, _v.a._, to increase nine times. =non-usage=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) disuse. =non-valeur=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) unproductiveness; (com.) bad debt, worthless bill. =non-vente=, _n.f._, no sale. ☉=non-vue=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) (nav.) misty weather, fog. =nopal=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (bot.) nopal; cochineal-fig. =nord=, _n.m._, North; north-wind; Nord (department of France). _—-est_, north-east; north-east wind. _—-ouest_; north-west; north-west wind. _Au —_ or _vers le —_; northwards. _Faire le —_; to sail northwards. _Chemin de fer du —_; Great Northern (railway) of France. =nord=, _adj._ _Pôle —_; North pole. =noria=, _n.f._, (_—s_) (mec.) noria, Persian-wheel; chain-pump. =normal=, =-e=, _adj._, normal. _Ecole —e_; normal school. _Etat —_; healthy state, normal condition. =normale=, _n.f._, (geom.) normal, perpendicular. =normalien=, _n.m._, normal-school student. =normand=, _-e_, _adj._, Norman; equivocal (of answers); feigned (reconciliation). _Réponse —e_; ambiguous answer. =normand=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, Norman. _Répondre en —_; to give an evasive answer. _C’est un fin —_; he is a crafty fellow. _C’est répondre en —_; that is giving an evasive answer, that is shuffling. =normander=, _v.a._, (agri.) to clean (corn). =nos=, _adj.m.f.pl._, our. =nosographie=, _n.f._, nosography. =nosologie=, _n.f._, nosology. =nosologiste=, _n.m._, nosologist. =nosseigneurs=, _n.m.pl._, my lords; their lordships. =nostalgie=, _n.f._, nostalgia, home-sickness. =nostoc=, _n.m._, (bot.) nostoch. =nota=, _n.m._, (_—_) observation, note, remark, marginal note. _— bene_; note carefully. =notabilité=, _n.f._, (com.) respectability; notability; principal person. =notable=, _adj._, notable, remarkable, considerable, of influence. _Faits —s_; remarkable doings; remarkable facts. =notable=, _n.m._, principal; (hist. of France) notable; leading man; man of note, notability. =notablement=, _adv._, notably, considerably, principally. =notaire=, _n.m._, notary, solicitor, attorney. _— public_; notary public. _C’est comme si le — y avait passé_; it is as good as a bond. =notamment= (no-ta-mān), _adv._, specially, especially, particularly, namely. =notarial=, =-e=, _adj._, notarial. =notariat=, _n.m._, profession of a notary; notary’s business. =notarié=, =-e=, _adj._, notarial. =notation=, _n.f._, notation. =note=, _n.f._, note, mark, remark, brand; bill; account; minute, memorandum. _— infamante_; brand of infamy. _Chanter sur une autre —_; to change one’s tune. _Chanter la —_; to sol-fa. _Bien attaquer la —_; to make a note tell. _— sensible_; leading note. =noter=, _v.a._, to note, to note down; to mark, to brand; to observe, to notice, to take notice; (mus.) to note, to prick. _Notez bien cela_; take good note of that. _Notez bien!_ mark you! _Mal noté_; (pers.) ill-famed, of bad reputation. _Cela est à —_; that is worth noting down, worth remembering. ☉=noteur=, _n.m._, music copier. =notice=, _n.f._, notice, note; account; sketch; review. =notification=, _n.f._, notification. =notifier=, _v.a._, to notify, to give notice of, to make known. =notion=, _n.f._, notion, idea, knowledge. _pl._, elements, rudiments. _Selon la — que j’en ai_; according to my notion of it. =notoire=, _adj._, notorious, well-known, plain. =notoirement= (no-toar-mān), _adv._, notoriously, clearly. =notoriété=, _n.f._, notoriety, evidence; reputation. =notre=, _adj.m.f._ (_nos_), our. _— maison_; our house. _— père_; our father. _Nos frères et nos sœurs_; our brothers and sisters. _Nos père et mère_; our father and mother. =nôtre= (=le=), _possessive pron._ _m.f._ (_nôtres_), ours. _C’est votre ami et le —_; it is your friend and ours. _Le —_; our own, ours. _Les —s_; our people, our relations, our friends. _Celui-là est-il des —s?_ is that man one of our people? _Ne serez-vous pas des —s?_ won’t you make one of us, _or_ join our party? _Voilà leur maison, celle-ci est la —_; that is their house, this one is ours. =notre-dame=, _n.f._, our Lady; festival in honor of our Lady; Notre-Dame (church). =noue=, _n.f._, gutter-lead; pantile; pasture ground; cod-sound. =noué=, =-e=, _part._, knotted, tied, rickety. _Enfant —_; rickety child; (of fruits) set. _Une pièce de théâtre bien —e_; dramatic piece, with a skillfully drawn plot. =nouement= (noo-mān), _n.m._, knotting, tying. =nouer=, _v.a._, to tie, to knot, to join; to get up, to concoct; to twist; to clasp, to form; (nav.) to hitch. _se_ =nouer=, _v.r._, to attach, to fasten one’s self; to grow rickety; (of fruits) to set. =nouer=, _v.n._, (hort.) to set (of fruit). =nouet=, _n.m._, little bag. =noueur=, _n.m._, tier, binder. =noueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, knotty, gnarled, knotted, full of knots, nodose. =nougat=, _n.m._, almond-cake. =nouilles= _or_ =noules=, _n.f.pl._, ribbon vermicelli. =noulet=, _n.m._, gutter; rafter (of a roof). =noumène=, _n.m._, (in Kant’s philos.) noumenon. =nourrain=, _n.m._, fry (fish). _V._ =alevin=. =nourri=, =-e=, _part._, nourished, fed; rich, full, copious; (of fire) well sustained, brisk. _Feu bien —_; very brisk fire. _Une couleur —e_; (paint.) color thickly laid on. _Blé_, _grain_, _bien —_; well-filled corn. _Style —_; copious style. =nourrice=, _n.f._, nurse; wet-nurse. _Mère —_; foster-mother. _Mettre un enfant en —_; to put a child out to nurse. _Elle dit qu’elle a vingt ans; et les mois de —_; she says she is twenty; and the rest! =nourricier=, _n.m._, foster-father, fosterer. =nourrici-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, nutritive, nutritious. _Père —_; foster-father. _Mère —ère_; foster-mother. =nourrir=, _v.a._, to nourish, to nurture; to feed, to keep, to maintain, to sustain; to suckle, to nurse, to foster, to harbor, to entertain; to supply; to bring up, to rear, to keep alive; to cherish. _Le bois nourrit le feu_; wood feeds the fire. _La Sicile nourrissait Rome_; Sicily supplied Rome with provisions. _L’étude nourrit l’esprit_; study strengthens the understanding. _L’espérance nourrit l’amour_; hope keeps love alive. _se_ =nourrir=, _v.r._, to feed, to live upon, to support one’s self upon; to live, to feed upon, to feast on, to delight in. _Se bien nourrir_; to live well. =nourrissage=, _n.m._, feeding (of cattle). =nourrissant=, =-e=, _adj._, nutritive, nourishing. =nourrisseur=, _n.m._, cow-keeper, cattle-feeder; breeder. =nourrisseur=, _adj._, (tech.) feeding. =nourrisson=, _n.m._, foster-child, nurse-child, nursling, suckling. =nourriture=, _n.f._, nourishment, food, diet, board, maintenance, living, livelihood; nurture. _Son travail lui procure la —_; his labor brings him in a livelihood. _Faire des —s_; to breed cattle, fowls, etc. =nous=, _personal pron._, we, us; to us; each other. _— disons_; we say. _Il — aime_; he loves us. _Vous — parlez_; you speak to us. _—-mêmes_; ourselves. _— autres_; we _or_ the like of us! _— — aimons_; we love each other. _C’est à — à_; it is our turn to. _C’est à — de_; it is our duty to. =nouure=, _n.f._, rickets; (hort.) knotting, setting. =nouveau=, =nouvel=, _adj.m._, =nouvelle=, _f._, new, recent, novel, fresh, further; new-fangled, modern, new-fashioned; inexperienced, green. _Le nouvel an_; the new year. _De —le date_; recently. _De —le mode_; new-fashioned. _Recommencer sur nouveaux frais_; to begin anew, _or_ all over again. _Un homme —_; an upstart. _Un habit —_; a coat of a new fashion. _Un nouvel habit_; a fresh _or_ another coat. _— venu_; newly-come. _Un — venu_; a new-comer; _des nouveaux venus_; new-comers; _une nouvelle venue_; new-comer (female); _des nouvelles venues_; new-comers (females). _— débarqué_; (fig.) person just come up from the country. [Nouvel is used for the _masculine_ before a vowel or an _h_ mute.] =nouveau=, _n.m._, new, something new. _À —_; on new account. _De —_; anew; again. _Qu’y a-t-il de —?_ what is the news? =nouveau-né=, _n.m._ (_—-—s_), =nouveau-née=, _n.f._ (_—-—s_), new-born child. =nouveauté=, _n.f._, newness, novelty; change, innovation. _pl._, fancy articles. _Magasin de —s_; linen-draper’s shop. _C’est une — que de vous voir_; it is quite a change to see you. _Marchand de —s_; linen-draper. _Haute —_; latest fashion. =nouvelle=, _n.f._, news, tidings, intelligence, account; novelette; tale, story. _Quelles sont les —s?_ what is the news? _Débiter des —s_; to spread news. _—s de basse cour_; idle rumors. _Envoyer savoir des —s de quelqu’un_; to send to know how any one is. _Mandez-moi de vos —_; let me hear from you. _Ne faites rien que vous n’ayez de mes —_; do nothing till you hear from me. _Vous aurez de mes —s_; you shall hear from me. _J’en sais des —_; I know something about it. _Point de —s, bonnes —s_; no news is good news. _Recevoir des —s de_; to hear from. _Avez-vous de ses —?_ have you heard from him _or_ her? _Vous m’en direz des —_; you’ll be astonished, delighted, highly pleased with it. =nouvellement= (noo-vèl-mān), _adv._, newly, lately, recently. =nouvelleté= (-vèl-té), _n.f._, (jur.) dispossession, trespass. =nouvelliste=, _n.m._, newsmonger; novelist. =novale=, _n.f._, land newly broken up. _pl._, tithes on new land. =novat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, innovator; innovating. =novation=, _n.f._, (jur.) substitution, change. =novelles=, _n.f.pl._, (Roman law) Justinian’s constitutions. =novembre=, _n.m._, November. =novice=, _adj._, novice, inexperienced, raw, green, new. _Une main —_; an inexperienced hand. =novice=, _n.m.f._, novice, probationer; (nav.) apprentice. _Il est encore — dans son métier_; he is yet but a novice in his trade. =noviciat=, _n.m._, novitiate, novices’ quarters, probationership. ☉=novissimé=, _adv._, (fam.) very lately. =noyade= (noa-yad), _n.f._, drowning. _Les noyades_; (Fr. Hist.) judicial drowning. =noyale= _or_ =noyalle= (noa-yal), _n.f._, sailcloth, canvas. =noyau= (noa-yô), _n.m._, stone (of fruit); nucleus; core (of statues, of casts); (metal.) core; noyau (cordial). _— de pêche_; stone of a peach. _Fruits à —_; stone-fruit. =noyé=, =-e= (noa-yé), _part._ and _n._, drowned, drowning; a drowned person. =noyer= (noa-yé), _n.m._, walnut-tree. =noyer= (noa-yé), _v.a._, to drown; to put under water, to swamp, to ruin, to overwhelm; to deluge; (paint.) to mix, to blend, to confuse (colors); (tech.) to countersink, to let in. _se_ =noyer= (noa-yé), _v.r._, to be _or_ get drowned, to drown one’s self; to be plunged (in), to go to ruin. _Se — dans le sang_; to wallow, to welter in blood. _C’est un homme qui se noie_; his affairs are going to the bad, _or_ he is on the down-grade. =noyon= (no-yon; noa-yon; né-yon), _n.m._, scratch, mark (at bowls). =noyure= (no-yur; noa-yur), _n.f._, countersink (for nails, screws). =nu=, =-e=, _adj._, naked, bare, uncovered; plain, open, without disguise, unadorned; destitute. _Il avait la tête —e_, _il était nu-tête_; he was bareheaded. _Aller nu-pieds_; to go barefoot _or_ barefooted. _Un va-nu-pieds_; a poor destitute wretch. _Observer quelque chose à l’œil —_; to observe anything with the naked eye. _C’est la vérité toute —e_; it is the naked truth. _—e propriété_; (jur.) property without the usufruct of it, reversionary interest. _— propriétaire_; (jur.) owner without the usufruct of his property. _— comme un ver_; stark-naked. =nu=, _n.m._, (paint.) nude, nudity; bare (of a wall). _pl._, (Bibl.) naked. _À —_; naked, bare, open; next the skin. _Monter un cheval à —_; to ride a horse barebacked. _Mettre à —_; to lay bare _or_ open; to strip. =nuage=, _n.m._, cloud; mist; (fig.) darkness; gloom, shadow, sadness, dejection; dissension, jar, unpleasantness. _Le ciel est couvert de —s_; the sky is covered with clouds. _Un — de poussière_; a cloud of dust. =nuageu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, cloudy, clouded. _Un ciel —_; a cloudy sky. =nuaison=, _n.f._, (nav.) continuance of a steady set breeze. =nuance=, _n.f._, shade, hue, tint, cast; difference, distinction; gradation, degree. =nuancer=, _v.a._, to shade, to variegate, to tint, to blend. _— des couleurs_; to shade colors. _Se —_; _v.r._, to be variegated, or shaded. =nubécule=, _n.f._, (med.) nubecula. =nubile=, _adj._, marriageable, nubile. =nubilité=, _n.f._, nubility, marriageable age. =nudité=, _n.f._, nudity, nakedness. =nue=, _n.f._, cloud. _pl._, skies. _Elever jusqu’aux —s_; to extol to the skies. _Se perdre dans les —s_; to lose one’s self in the clouds. _Sauter aux —_; to jump to the ceiling; to go wild with joy. _Tomber des —s_; to fall from the clouds, (fig.) to be amazed. =nuée=, _n.f._, cloud; storm; swarm, host, multitude, flock, shower, flight. _Une — de barbares_; a swarm of barbarians. _Une — de traits_; a shower of darts. =nuement=. _V._ =nûment=. =nuer=, _v.a._ _V._ =nuancer=. =nuire= (nuisant, nui), _v.n._, to hurt, to prejudice, to do hurt, to harm, to stand in the way of, to annoy, to wrong; to spoil, to hinder, to be prejudicial to. _Il cherche à me —_; he seeks to do me harm. _Le froid nuit à la santé_; cold is hurtful to health. _Ne pas —_; not to harm; not to hurt; to be harmless; to be of use; to help, to assist. _se_ =nuire=, _v.r._, to hurt, to injure, one’s self; to hurt, to injure, each other. =nuisible=, _adj._, hurtful, detrimental, prejudicial, injurious, noxious. =nuit=, _n.f._, night, night-time; darkness. _Bonnet de —_; night-cap. _À la — tombante_; or _à la tombée de la —_; at nightfall, at dusk. _Passer la —_; to spend the night, to sit up all night. _— close_; nightfall. _— blanche_; sleepless night. _— noire_; pitch-dark. _L’astre des —s_; the orb of night. _Il fait —_; it is night, dark. _Il se fait —_; night is coming on. _La — de l’ignorance_; the darkness of ignorance. _De —_; by night, in the night-time, nightly. _Effet de —_; (paint.) night piece. _Faites une bonne —_; sleep well. _La — porte conseil_; seek advice of your pillow; sleep upon it. =nuitamment= (-ta-mān), _adv._, by night, in the night, nightly. =nuitée=, _n.f._, night’s lodging; night’s work; whole night. =nul=, =-le=, _pron._, no one, not any, nobody, not one. _— n’ose en approcher_; nobody dares come near him, or it. =nul=, =-le=, _adj._, no, not any; void, of no force, null, invalid. _—le part_; nowhere. _Sans — égard_; without any regard. _Rendre —_; to nullify. _C’est un homme —_; he is a mere cipher. =nulle=, _n.f._, null; (cryptography) graphic sign that is meaningless, superfluous. =nullement= (nul-mān), _adv._, not at all, by no means. =nullifier= (nul-li-fié), _v.a._, to nullify. =nullité= (nul-li-té), _n.f._, nullity, incapacity; (jur.) flaw. _La — d’un acte_; the nullity of a deed. _Cet homme est d’une parfaite —_; that man is a perfect cipher. =numéraire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, metallic currency, specie, cash; legal (of coin). _Valeur —_; legal value, legal tender. =numéral=, =-e=, _adj._, numeral. =numérateur=, _n.m._, (arith.) numerator. =numération=, _n.f._, (arith.) numeration. =numérique=, _adj._, numerical. =numériquement= (-rik-mān), _adv._, numerically. =numéro=, _n.m._, number; (com.) size; sort, kind, quality. _Donnez-moi le — de sa maison_; give me the number of his house. _Voyez le — cinq_; see number five. _Il entend le —_; (pop.) he understands his business. =numérotage=, _n.m._, numbering. =numéroter=, _v.a._, to number. =numismate=, _n.m._, numismatist. =numismatique=, _adj._, numismatic. =numismatique=, _n.f._, numismatics. =numismatographie=, _n.f._, numismatography. =nummulaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) moneywort. =nummulite=, _n.f._, nummulite. =nuncupatif=, _adj.m._, nuncupatory, nuncupative. _Testament —_; nuncupative will. =nuptial=, =-e=, _adj._, nuptial, bridal. =nuque=, _n.f._, nape (of the neck); poll (of horses). =nutation=, _n.f._, (astron., bot.) nutation. =nutriti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, nutritive, nutritions, nourishing. =nutrition=, _n.f._, nutrition. =nyctage du Pérou=, _n.f._, (bot.) marvel of Peru, mirabilis. =nyctalope=, _n.m.f._, nyctalops. =nyctalopie=, _n.f._, nyctalopia, nyctalopy. =nymphe=, _n.f._, nymph; (ent.) nymph, grub. _pl._, (anat.) nymphæ. =nymphéa=, _n.m._, (bot.) nenuphar, white water-lily. =nymphéacées=, _n.f.pl._, (bot.) nymphæaceæ. =nymphée=, _n.f._ or _m._, (antiq.) nymphæum. =nymphomanie=, _n.f._, nymphomania. =nyssa=, _n.m._, tupelo, sour-gum-tree. O =o=, _n.m._, the fifteenth letter of the alphabet, o. =o.= (ab. of Ouest), W., West. =o!= _int._, O! oh! _Les — de Noël_; Christmas anthems. =oasis= (o-a-zîs), _n.f._, oasis. =obclavé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) obovate. =obconique=, _adj._, (bot.) obconic, obconical. =obcordé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) obcordate. =obédience=, _n.f._, (theol.) permission to leave one convent for another; functions (in a convent); jurisdiction (of the pope); (Bibl.) obedience. =obédiencier=, _n.m._, priest doing duty in another’s benefice, obedienciary. =obédientiel=, =-le= (-ci-èl), _adj._, (ecc.) pertaining, relating to obedience; (Bibl.) obediential. =obéir=, _v.n._, to obey, to comply with, to be obedient; to bend, to yield, to give way, to submit. _Pour — à_; in obedience to. _Il faut lui —_; he must be obeyed. _Se faire —_; to make one’s self obeyed. =obéissance=, _n.f._, obedience, allegiance; dominion (of princes). _Prêter — à un prince_; to yield dominion to a prince. _Être sous l’— de père et mère_; to be under the legal authority of parents. _Être d’une grande —_; to be very obedient. =obéissant=, =-e=, _adj._, obedient, docile, dutiful, submissive; pliant, obsequious. =obélisque=, _n.m._, obelisk. =obérer=, _v.a._, to encumber, to run into debt. _C’est un homme fort obéré_; he is greatly in debt. _s’_=obérer=, _v.r._, to involve one’s self in debt, to become involved. =obèse=, _adj._, obese, corpulent. =obésité=, _n.f._, obesity, corpulence. =obier=, _n.m._, guelder-rose. =obit= (o-bit), _n.m._, (c.rel.) obit. =obituaire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (c.rel.) obituary. =objecter=, _v.a._, to object, to raise as an objection (to), to reproach (with); to allege (against); to demur (to). _Vous m’objecterez que c’est bien connu_; you will say to me that it is a well-known thing. =objecti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, objective. =objectif=, _n.m._, (opt.) object-glass; (philos., milit.) object, objective; aim, end. =objection=, _n.f._, objection. _Aller au-devant d’une —_; to meet an objection. _Je ne vois pas d’objection à ce que cela se fasse_; I see no objection to its being done. =objectivement=, _adv._, objectively. =objectivité=, _n.f._, objectivity. =objet=, _n.m._, object, subject, matter, business; aim, end, view, drift, purport; article. _pl._, goods. _Un — de risée_; a laughing-stock. _Être l’— de la conversation_; to be the subject of conversation. _Il n’a pour — que son intérêt_; his only aim is self-interest. _Il vend toutes sortes d’—s_; he deals in all sorts of articles. _—s de première nécessité_; articles of indispensable use. =objurgation=, _n.f._, objurgation. =objurgatoire=, _adj._, objurgatory. =oblat=, _n.m._, ☉lay monk. =oblation=, _n.f._, oblation, offering. =obligataire=, _n.m._, (com., fin.) bond-holder, debenture-holder. =obligation=, _n.f._, obligation; (com., fin., jur.) bond, debenture, preference share. _Remplir ses —s_; to fulfill one’s obligations. _Vous êtes dans l’— de lui répondre_; you are bound to answer him. _Être dans l’— de_; to be under an obligation to. _Porteur d’—_; (com.) bond-holder, debenture holder. =obligatoire=, _adj._, obligatory, incumbent. =obligatoirement= (-tôar-mān), _adv._, obligatorily, compulsorily. =obligé=, _n.m._, indentures (of apprenticeship). =obligé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (jur.) obligor, debtor. =obligé=, =-e=, _part._, obliged, compelled, bound; necessary, usual. _Je suis — de sortir_; I am obliged to go out. =obligeamment= (-ja-mān), _adv._, obligingly. =obligeance= (-jans), _n.f._, kindness, obligingness. =obligeant=, =-e=, _adj._, obliging, kind. =obliger=, _v.a._, to oblige, to bind; to compel, to induce; to gratify. _Votre devoir vous y oblige_; you are bound in duty to do it. _— un apprenti_; to bind an apprentice. _s’_=obliger=, _v.r._, to bind one’s self. =obliger=, _v.n._, to impose obligations; to oblige, to favor. =oblique=, _adj._, oblique, slanting; (fig.) indirect, unfair. _Pont —_; oblique-bridge, skew-bridge. =obliquement= (o-blik-mān), _adv._, obliquely, crookedly, indirectly, unfairly, aslant. =obliquer=, _v.n._, to walk in an oblique direction, to slant, to swerve, to turn (to). =obliquité=, _n.f._, obliquity; obliqueness; slant; unfairness. =oblitération=, _n.f._, obliteration. =oblitérer=, _v.a._, to obliterate. _s’_=oblitérer=, _v.r._, to become obliterated; (l.u.) to fall into disuse, to disappear. =oblong=, =-ue=, _adj._, oblong. =obole=, _n.f._, obole; (fig.) groat, farthing, stiver; mite, particle. _N’avoir pas une —_; not to be worth a stiver. =obombrer=, _v.a._, (Bibl.) to overshadow. =obreptice=, _adj._, obreptitious. =obrepticement= (-tis-mān), _adv._, by concealing the truth, obreptitiously. =obreption=, _n.f._, concealment of the truth, reticence, obreption. =obscène=, _adj._, obscene. =obscénité=, _n.f._, obscenity, obsceneness. =obscur=, =-e=, _adj._, obscure, dark, black, gloomy, sombre; (fig.) mean, humble, mysterious. _Il fait —_; it is dark. _Naissance —e_; mean birth. _Couleur —e_; dark color. _Clair-—_, (_—s-—s_) (paint.) light and shade. =obscurantisme=, _n.m._, obscurantism. =obscurantiste=, _n.m._, anti-educationist. =obscurcir=, _v.a._, to obscure, to darken, to dim, to sully, to tarnish, to throw into the shade. _— la vue_; to dim the sight. _s’_=obscurcir=, _v.r._, to become obscure, dark; to grow dim. _Le soleil s’obscurcit_; the sun is hidden. _Le ciel s’obscurcit_; the sky is overcast. _Son esprit s’obscurcit_; his intellect _or_ mind is becoming clouded. =obscurcissement= (-sis-mān), _n.m._, obscuration, darkness, dimness. =obscurément=, _adv._, obscurely, confusedly, dimly. =obscurité=, _n.f._, obscurity, gloom, darkness; (fig.) humbleness, meanness, mysteriousness. _À travers l’— de la nuit_; through the darkness of the night. =obsécration=, _n.f._, (rhet.) obsecration. =obséder=, _v.a._, to beset; to importune, to possess (of evil spirits); to torment, to haunt. =obsèques= (ob-sèk-), _n.f.pl._, obsequies, funeral. =obséquieusement=, _adv._, obsequiously. =obséquieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, obsequious. =obséquiosité=, _n.f._, obsequiousness. =observable=, _adj._, observable. =observance=, _n.f._, observance. =observantin=, _n.m._, Observant Franciscan. =observat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, observer; observant, observing, spy, looker-on. _Un esprit —_; an observing mind. =observation=, _n.f._, observance; observation, remark, hint; (fig.) fulfillment, accomplishment. _Être en —_; to be on the look-out. =observatoire=, _n.m._, observatory. =observer=, _v.a._, to observe, to mind, to notice; to point out (to); to watch, to keep a watch over; to practice, to fulfill, to perform. _— les lois_; to observe the laws. _Lui avez-vous fait — que?_ did you point out to him that? _Faire —_; to remind, to call a person’s attention to. _s’_=observer=, _v.r._, to be circumspect, to be cautious, to look about one’s self; to eye one another; to be on one’s guard; to keep a check upon one’s self. =obsesseur=, _adj._, besetting. =obsession=, _n.f._, besetting, obsession; being possessed of. =obsidiane= _or_ =obsidienne=, _n.f._, (min.) obsidian (volcanic glass). =obsidional=, =-e=, _adj._, obsidional. _Couronne —e_; obsidional crown. =obstacle=, _n.m._, obstacle, bar, hindrance, impediment, obstruction, check, drawback. _Lever un —_; to remove an impediment. _Rencontrer un —_; to meet with an obstacle. _Faire naître un —_; to raise an obstacle. =obstétrical=, =-e=, _adj._, obstetric, obstetrical. =obstétrique=, _n.f._, obstetrics. =obstination=, _n.f._, obstinacy, pertinacity, stubbornness, willfulness. =obstiné=, =-e=, _adj._, obstinate; self-willed; stubborn; determined. =obstinément=, _adv._, obstinately, stubbornly, willfully. =obstiner=, _v.a._, to make obstinate. _s’_=obstiner=, _v.r._, to be obstinate, to be obstinately resolved (upon), to insist (on), to persist (in). _S’— à une chose_; to persist in a thing. _Il s’obstine dans son opinion_; he clings to his opinion. =obstructi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, obstructive, obstruent. =obstruction=, _n.f._, obstruction, stoppage. =obstrué=, =-e=, _adj._, obstructed, stopped. =obstruer=, _v.a._, to obstruct, to stop up; to block up, to bar. _S’—_; to become obstructed, knocked up. =obtempérer=, _v.n._, (jur.) to obey; to submit (to), to comply (with), to fall in (with). _— à un ordre_; to obey an order. =obtenir=, _v.a._, to obtain, to procure, to get, to gain. _— satisfaction d’un outrage_; to obtain satisfaction for an insult. _Faire —_; to get, to procure for (anybody). _s’_=obtenir=, _v.r._, to be obtained or obtainable. =obtention=, _n.f._, obtaining, obtainment, getting; (jur.) purchase. =obturateur=, _n.m._, (anat.) obturator; lid, cover. =obturat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, (anat.) obturator; obturating; covering, stopping; pubic (artery). =obturation=, _n.f._, (surg.) covering, stopping. =obtus=, =-e=, _adj._, obtuse, dull, blunt. _Angle —_; obtuse angle. _Esprit —_; dull, heavy mind. =obtusangle=, _adj._, obtuse-angular. =obtusangulé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) obtuse-angled. =obus= (o-buz), _n.m._, (artil.) shell. =obusier=, _n.m._, (artil.) howitzer. =obvenir=, _v.n._, (jur.) to escheat. =obvention=, _n.f._, (ecc.) obvention. =obvers= _or_ =obverse=, _n.m._, obverse. =obvier=, _v.n._, to obviate, to prevent, to hinder. _— à un inconvénient_; to prevent an inconvenience. =oc=, _adv._, (in Old Provençal) yes. _Langue d’—_; langue d’oc (the language south of the Loire). =oca=, _n.m._, (bot.) oca. =occase=, _adj._, (astron.) occasive (_i.e._ westerly). =occasion=, _n.f._, opportunity, occasion; cause, reason, behalf, sake; bargain, job-lot, second-hand. _Il faut attendre l’—_; one must bide one’s time. _Profiter d’une —_; to take advantage of, to improve, an opportunity. _En toute —_; on all occasions. _Dans l’—_; as occasion offers, when occasion serves. _Par —_; occasionally; accidentally. _Je vous l’enverrai par —_; I shall send it you by private hand. _À votre —_; for your sake. _D’—_; accidentally; second-hand. _Marchandise d’—_; second-hand goods, job-lot. =occasionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, occasional. =occasionnellement= (-nèl-mān), _adv._, occasionally. =occasionner=, _v.a._, to occasion, to bring on, to cause, to produce. =occident=, _n.m._, West. _D’—_; western. =occidental=, =-e=, _adj._, occidental, western, westerly. _Les Indes —es_; the West Indies. =occidentaux=, _n.m.pl._, natives, inhabitants, of the western countries. =occipital=, =-e=, _adj._, occipital. =occiput= (-put), _n.m._, occiput. ☉=occire=, _v.a._, to slay, to kill, to do for. ☉=occis=, _part._, killed, slain, done for. ☉=occiseur=, _n.m._, murderer, killer, slayer. ☉=occision=, _n.f._, killing; slaughter. =occlusion=, _n.f._, (med.) closing, shutting up. =occultation=, _n.f._, (astron.) occultation. =occulte=, _adj._, occult, hidden, secret. =occupant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, occupant, possessor; occupier; occupying, engrossing, taking up; (jur.) concerned (as attorney). =occupation=, _n.f._, occupation, business, employment, work. _Donner de l’— à quelqu’un_; to cut out work for any one. =occupé=, =-e=, _adj._, busy, occupied, engaged. =occuper=, _v.a._, to occupy, to employ; to take up, to fill; to inhabit. _— une maison_; to occupy a house. _— la place de quelqu’un_; to be in any one’s place. _Il faut — les jeunes gens_; youth must have occupation. _s’_=occuper= =à= (habitual) _or_ =de= (particular), _v.r._, to occupy one’s self; to be busy, to apply one’s self, to attend to, to trouble one’s self about. _S’— à lire_; to be busy reading. _Je m’occupe de votre affaire_; I am looking after _or_ attending to your business. =occuper=, _v.n._, (jur.) to be concerned as attorney, to appear; to plead. =occurrence= (o-kur-rans), _n.f._, occurrence, emergency. =occurrent=, =-e=, _adj._, (l.u.) occurring, occurrent. =océan=, _n.m._, ocean; the high seas. =océanide=, _n.f._, (myth.) Oceanide, nymph of the Sea, daughter of the Ocean. =océanique=, _adj._, oceanic. =ocelle=, _n.m._, ocellus. =ocellé=, =-e=, _adj._, ocellated. =ochlocratie= (o-klo-cra-ci), _n.f._, ochlocracy. ☉=ochre=, _n.f._ _V._ =ocre=. =ocre=, _n.f._, ochre. =ocreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, ochry, ochreous. =octaèdre=, _n.m._, (geom.) octahedron. =octaédrique=, _adj._, (geom.) octahedral. =octandre=, _adj._, (bot.) octandrian, octandrous. =octandrie=, _n.f._, (bot.) octandria. =octant=, _n.m._, octant; quadrant. ☉=octante=, _adj._, eighty, fourscore. ☉=octantième= (-tièm), _adj._, eightieth. =octarchie= (-shi), _n.f._, octarchy. =octave=, _n.f._, octave; eight. =octavin=, _n.m._, octave-flute. =octavo=, _adv._, eighthly. _V._ =in-octavo=. =octavon=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, octoroon, mustee, person one-eighth black. =octidi=, _n.m._, octidi, eighth day of the decade in the calendar of the first French republic. =octil=, _adj.m._, (astron.) octile. =octobre=, _n.m._, October. =octogénaire=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, octogenary, octogenarian. =octogone=, _n.m._ and _adj._, octagon; octagonal. =octostyle=, _adj._, octostyle. =octroi=, _n.m._, grant; concession; town-dues, toll, duty; octroi, toll-house _or_ office. =octroyer=, _v.a._, to grant, to concede. =octuple=, _adj._, eightfold, octuple. =octupler=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to increase eightfold. =oculaire=, _adj._, ocular. _Témoin —_; eye-witness. _Verre —_; eye-glass. =oculaire=, _n.m._, (opt.) eye-glass, eye-piece, eye-end. =oculairement= (-lèr-mān), _adv._, ocularly. =oculiste=, _n.m._, oculist. =odalisque=, _n.f._, odalisk, odalisque. =ode=, _n.f._, ode. =odelette=, _n.f._, (poet.) odelet. =odéon= _or_ =odéum=, _n.m._, Odéon (name of a theatre in Paris). =odeur=, _n.f._, odor, smell, scent, fragrancy, perfume. _N’être pas en — de sainteté auprès de quelqu’un_; not to be in the good graces of any one. _En — de sainteté_; in the Lord; in favor. =odieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, odiously, hatefully. =odieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, odious, hateful, loathsome, invidious. _Se rendre —_; to make one’s self odious. =odieux=, _n.m._, odium, hatefulness, invidiousness. _L’— de la chose_; the hateful part of the business. =odomètre=, _n.m._, odometer, pedometer. _V._ =pédomètre=. =odontalgie=, _n.f._, odontalgia, toothache, odontalgy. =ondontalgique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, odontalgic. =odontoïde=, _adj._, (anat.) odontoid. =odontologie=, _n.f._, (anat.) odontology. =odorant=, =-e=, _adj._, odoriferous, fragrant, sweet-smelling. =odorat=, _n.m._, smell; smelling; sense of smell. =odoriférant=, =-e=, _adj._, odoriferous, fragrant, sweet-scented _or_ smelling. =odyssée=, _n.f._, Odyssey. =œcuménicité=, _n.f._, œcumenicity. =œcuménique=, _adj._, œcumenical. =œcuméniquement=, _adv._, œcumenically. =œdémateu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, œdematous. =œdème=, _n.m._, (med.) œdema. =œdipe=, _n.m._, riddle-solver. =œgagre= (égagr), _n.m._, wild goat. *=œil= (eu-ye), _n.m._, (_yeux_) eye, look; bud; luster, gloss; (bot.) ox-eye, daisy; hole (in bread, cheese); (print.) face; bubble (of soup); luster (of precious stones); eye (of a needle). _Clin d’—_; twinkle. _En un clin d’—_; in the twinkling of an eye. _Un beau coup d’—_; a fine prospect _or_ view _or_ spectacle. _Le premier coup d’—_; the first glance _or_ sight of. _D’un coup d’—_; at a glance. _Avoir mal aux yeux_; to have sore eyes. _Regarder quelqu’un du coin de l’—_; to glance at, to ogle, to leer. _Regarder quelqu’un entre les deux yeux_; to look any one full in the face. _Entre quatre yeux_; in private, between ourselves. _Ouvrir de grands yeux_; to stare, to stare with one’s eyes wide open. _Avoir l’— à quelque chose_; to have an eye upon anything, to mind, to attend to. _Avoir l’— sur_; to watch any one, to see to anything. _Suivre de l’—_; to follow with the eye, to watch. _Le soleil me donne dans les yeux_; the sun dazzles my eyes. _La lumière me tire les yeux_; the light hurts my eyes. _Cela lui blesse les yeux_; that is an eyesore to him. _À vue d’—_; visibly. _Donner dans l’— à quelqu’un_; to take any one’s fancy. _Avoir le compas dans l’—_; to have a good eye for distances. _Avoir le coup d’—_; to have a carpenter’s eye. _Faire les yeux doux_; to look lovingly (at), to cast loving glances (at). _Dévorer quelqu’un des yeux_; to look any one through and through. _S’en battre l’—_; not to care a rap about. _Couver des yeux_; to look lovingly (on). _Dévorer une chose des yeux_; to look upon a thing with greedy eyes. _Cela saute aux yeux_; it is obvious; it is as clear as noonday. _Avoir un bandeau sur les yeux_; to be blindfolded. _Pour vos beaux yeux_; for your pretty face _or_ for nothing. _Je lui ai poché l’—_; I gave him a black eye. _Il a de bons yeux_; he is sharp-sighted. _Il n’a des yeux que pour elle_; he sees nothing but her. _Fermer les yeux sur quelque chose_; to connive at, to wink at anything. _Se mettre le doigt dans l’—_; to delude _or_ flatter one’s self. _N’avoir pas froid aux yeux_; not to funk; not to stick at trifles; not to be afraid of one’s shadow. _Mais! votre chapeau vous crève les yeux_; why, your hat is staring you in the face. _Avoir les yeux battus_; to have a tired look about the eyes. _Avoir les yeux cernés_; to have dark circles round the eyes. _Des yeux à fleur de tête_; goggle-eyes. _Voir de bon —_; to look favorably (on). _Voir de mauvais —_; to look unfavorably (on). =œil-de-bœuf=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) bull’s eye; round or oval window; ☉a waiting-room in the royal palace at Versailles. =œil-de-chat=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) (min.) cat’s-eye. =œil-de-perdrix=, _n.m._, (_yeux-—_) soft corn (on the foot). =œil-de-serpent=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) (min.) serpentine-stone. =œil-d’or=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) (ich.) gold-finny. *=œillade=, _n.f._, glance, ogle, sheep’s eye. _Jeter des —s_; to cast glances (at), to ogle. =œillère=, _adj.f._, of the eye. _Dent —_; canine tooth. *=œillère=, _n.f._, eye-flap, blinker (of a horse); canine tooth. *=œillet=, _n.m._, (bot.) carnation, pink; (nav.) eye; eyelet; eyelet-hole. _— de poète_; sweet william. *=œilleton=, _n.m._, (hort.) offset; layer. *=œillette=, _n.f._, field-poppy. =œnanthe=, _n.f._, (bot.) watery drop-wort. =œnologie=, _n.f._, wine-making. =œnomancie=, _n.f._, (antiq.) œnomancy (divination by wine). =œnomètre=, _n.m._, œnometer (to ascertain the strength of wine). =œnophile=, _n.m._, œnophilist. _Société —_; wine company. =œnophore=, _n.m._, (antiq.) wine vessel, goblet. =œsophage=, _n.m._, œsophagus, gullet. =œsophagien=, =-ne= (-in, -é-n), _adj._, pertaining to the œsophagus. =œstre=, _n.m._, (ent.) œstrus, gad-fly. =œuf= (euf), _n.m._, (_œufs_) (eû) egg. _pl._, roe (of a fish). _—s pochés_; poached eggs. _—s à la coque_; boiled eggs. _—s brouillés_; buttered eggs. _— couvi_; addled egg. _— frais_; new-laid egg. _—s sur le plat_, _—s au miroir_; fried eggs. _Plein comme un —_; as full as an egg. _Il tondrait sur un —_; he would skin a flint. _Mettre tous ses —s dans un panier_; to risk all in one enterprise. _Donner un — pour avoir un bœuf_, to give a sprat to catch a herring. _Faire d’un — un bœuf_; to make mountains out of mole-hills. =œuvé=, =-e=, _adj._, hard-roed (of fish). =œuvre=, _n.f._, work, piece of work; works (of an author); production, performance; deed, act; bezel, setting (of a stone); church-wardens’ pew; fabric (fund appropriated for the repairs of a church). _— de piété_, _— de charité_; act of piety, of charity. _—s pies_; pious works. _Une — de génie_; a work of genius. _La fin couronne l’—_; all’s well that ends well. _À l’ — on connaît l’ouvrier_; the workman is known by his work. _À bon jour, bonne —_; the better the day, the better the deed. _Maître des hautes —s_; hangman. _Maître des basses —s_; nightman. _Mettre en —_; to make use of, to work up, to bring to bear; to set (jewelry). _Mettre tout en —_; to leave no stone unturned. _—s inédites_; unpublished works. _—s posthumes_; posthumous works. _—s mêlées_; miscellaneous works, miscellanea. =œuvre=, _n.m._, work; (arch.) clear; works of musicians and engravers; performance; (metal.) argentiferous lead. _Gros —_; outer wall. _Travailler au grand —_; to seek the philosopher’s stone. _Dans —_; (arch.) apart, inside; clear, in the clear. _Hors d’—_; (arch.) from out to out. _Sous —_; (mas.) underpinning. _À pied d’—_; at hand, in the neighborhood, near. =œuvrer=, _v.a._, to work. =offensant=, =-e=, _adj._, offensive, obnoxious, abusive. =offense=, _n.f._, offense, affront, insult, injury, wrong; (jur.) contempt, transgression, trespass. _Demander réparation d’une —_; to demand satisfaction for an offense. _Pardonner les —s_; to forgive offenses. _Expier une —_; to atone for an offense. =offensé=, _n.m._, offended party. =offenser=, _v.a._, to offend, to give offense; to hurt, to injure, to insult, to abuse, to shock; to be offensive to, to offend against. _Le coup lui a offensé le cerveau_; the blow hurt his brain. _— la délicatesse_; to offend against delicacy. _s’_=offenser=, _v.r._, to be offended, to take exception (to), to take offense (at). =offenseur=, _n.m._, offender. =offensi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, offensive (attack). =offensive=, _n.f._, offensive. =offensivement= (-siv-mān), _adv._, offensively. =offerte=, _n.f._, or offertoire, _n.m._, (c.rel.) offertory. =office=, _n.m._, office; duty; employment, functions; service, turn; worship. _D’—_; officially, ex-officio. _Avocat nommé d’—_; counsel appointed by the judge. _Faire quelque chose d’—_; to do a thing of one’s own accord. _C’est un — d’ami que vous lui avez rendu_; it is a friendly turn you have done him. _Rendre un mauvais — à quelqu’un_; to do any one an ill-turn. _L’— divin_; divine service, church-time. _Livre d’—_; prayer-book. _Exercer un —_; to hold an office. _Le saint-—_; the holy-office, the Inquisition. =office=, _n.f._, servants’ hall, pantry, larder, steward’s room. _pl._, dependencies of the kitchen. =official=, _n.m._, (ecc.) official. =officialité=, _n.f._, officiality. =officiant=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, officiating priest, officiating clergyman; officiating. =officiante=, _n.f._, officiating nun. =officiel=, =-le=, _adj._, official. =officiellement= (-èl-mān), _adv._, officially. =officier=, _v.n._, to officiate; to play one’s part; to do one’s duty at table, to eat heartily. =officier=, _n.m._, officer; butler, steward. _— de marine_; naval officer. _— général_; general officer, (nav.) flag-officer. _— d’état-major_; staff-officer. _— supérieur_; field-officer. _— de compagnie_; regimental officer. _— de justice_; law-officer. _— de port_; harbor-master. _— de santé_; medical officer; surgeon. _Sous-—_; non-commissioned officer. _—s de la bouche_; king’s cooks. _—s du gobelet_; king’s butlers. =officieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, officiously, obligingly. =officieuseté=, _n.f._, officiousness. =officieu-x=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, busy-body; officious, obliging. =officinal=, =-e=, _adj._, (pharm.) officinal. =officine=, _n.f._, an apothecary’s laboratory. =offrande=, _n.f._, offering, present. =offrant=, _adj.m._, bidding. _Au plus — et dernier enchérisseur_; to the highest and last bidder. =offrant=, _n.m._, bidder. =offre=, _n.f._, offer, tender, proposal. =offrir= (offrant, offert), _v.a._, to offer, to propose, to tender; to present; to afford, to give, to yield; to bid. _— un présent_; to offer a present. _s’_=offrir=, _v.r._, to offer, to propose one’s self; to offer. _Si l’occasion s’offre_; if occasion offers. =offuscation=, _n.f._, (astron.) obfuscation (of the sun’s rays). =offusquer=, _v.a._, to obscure, to darken, to eclipse, to cloud; to dazzle, to blind; to offend. _Le soleil m’offusque les yeux_; the sun dazzles my eyes. _Cet artiste a un rival qui l’offusque_; that artist has a rival who stands in his light. _s’_=offusquer=, _v.r._, to become darkened; (fig.) to take offense. =ogival=, =-e=, _adj._, (arch.) pointed. =ogive=, _n.f._, ogive, pointed arch. _En —_; ogival, pointed. *=ognon=, _n.m._ _V._ =oignon=. *=ognonnet=, _n.m._ _V._ =oignonnet=. *=ognonnière=, _n.f._ _V._ =oignonnière=. =ogre=, _n.m._, ogre. _Il mange comme un —_; he eats like a wolf. =ogresse=, _n.f._, ogress. =oh!= _int._, O! ho! =oïdium=, _n.m._, (n.p.) (agri.) oidium, vine-mildew. =oie=, _n.f._, (orni.) goose; simpleton, ninny. _Plume d’—_; goose-quill. _— de mer_; merganser. _Contes de ma mère l’—_; tales of Mother Goose, fairy tales. _Jeu de l’—_; game of goose. _Patte d’—_; goose-foot; (fig.) crow’s foot, cross- (of roads). *=oignon=, _n.m._, onion; bulb, bulbous root; bunion; turnip (watch). _Regretter les —s d’Egypte_; to sigh for _or_ hanker after the flesh-pots of Egypt. _Chapelet d’—s_; ropeway of onions. _Un — de tulipe_; a tulip bulb. _Être en rang d’—_; to be all in a row, in a file. _Se mettre en rang d’—_; to take one’s place in a row. *=oignonet=, _n.m._, ognonet (summer pear). *=oignonière=, _n.f._, onion-bed. =oïl=, _adv._, (old French) yes. _Langue d’—_; language spoken north of the Loire. ☉*=oille= (o-ye), _n.f._, (cook.) olio. =oindre= (oignant, oint), _v.a._, to anoint. _Oignez vilain, il vous poindra, poignez vilain, il vous oindra_ (_i.e._ if not oppressed, the churls will become oppressors). =oing= (oin), _n.m._, hog’s-grease, cart-grease. _Vieux —_; cart-grease, axle-grease. =oint=, _n.m._, anointed. _L’— du Seigneur_; the Lord’s anointed. =oiseau=, _n.m._, bird; creature (pers.); (mas.) fellow, chap, bird, fish, hod. _— de proie_; bird of prey. _Tirer aux —x_; to go out fowling. _— moqueur_; mocking-bird. _Chasse aux —x_; bird-shooting. _Plan à vue d’—_; bird’s-eye view. _Il est comme l’—_ sur la branche; he is unsettled; he is always on the move. _La belle cage ne nourrit pas l’—_; a fine cage does not fill a bird’s belly. _Petit à petit l’— fait son nid_; little strokes fell great oaks. _Il a battu les buissons, un autre a pris l’—_; he did the work, another stole the profits. _À tout — son nid est beau_; home is home, be it ever so homely. _À vol d’—_; as the crow flies, in a straight line. _— mouche_, (_—x —s_) humming-bird. _— trompette_; (orni.) trumpeter. _—x de passage_; birds of passage. _—x de basse-cour_; fowls, poultry. _—x voyageurs_; migratory birds. =oiseler= (oa-zlé), _v.a._, (hawking) to train a bird. =oiseler=, _v.n._, to catch birds. =oiselet=, _n.m._, little bird. =oiseleur= (oa-zleur), _n.m._, bird-catcher. =oiselier=, _n.m._, bird-seller, dealer in birds. =oisellerie= (oa-zèl-rî), _n.f._, bird-catching; bird-trade. =oiseu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, indolent, idle, useless, trifling. _Mener une vie —se_; to live in idleness. _Paroles —ses_; idle words. =oisi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, idle, unoccupied; uninvested, lying dead (of money). =oisif=, _n.m._, idler. *=oisillon=, _n.m._, young bird, fledgling. =oisivement= (oa-ziv-mān), _adv._, idly. =oisiveté= (oa-ziv-té), _n.f._, idleness, indolence, ease; sloth. _Croupir dans l’—_; to be steeped, _or_ to wallow, in indolence. =oison=, _n.m._, gosling; ninny, simpleton. =oléagineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, oleaginous, oily. =oléandre=, _n.m._, (bot.) oleander, rose-bay. =oléifère=, _adj._, oil-bearing, oleiferous. =oléine=, _n.f._, (chem.) oleine. =oléique=, _adj._, (chem.) oleic. =oléracé=, =-e=, _adj._, oleraceous. =olfacti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, olfactory. =oliban=, _n.m._, (pharm.) olibanum. =olibrius= (-ûs), _n.m._, conceited, obtrusive person. =oliette=, _n.f._ _V._ =œillette=. =oligarchie=, _n.f._, oligarchy. =oligarchique=, _adj._, oligarchical. =oligarque=, _n.m._, partisan of an oligarchy. =oligiste=, _adj._, (min.) oligist. =olim=, _n.m._, (_—_) statute-book. =olinde=, _n.f._, sword-blade. =olivaie=, _n.f._, olive-grove. =olivaire=, _adj._, olivary. =olivaison=, _n.f._, olive season, crop of olives. =olivâtre=, _adj._, olivaceous, olive-green. =olive=, _n.f._, (bot.) olive; (arch.) olive-molding. _Branche_, _rameau_, _d’—_; olive branch. =olivète=, _n.f._ (bot.). _V._ =œillette=. =olivettes=, _n.f.pl._, sort of dance after the olives are gathered. =olivier=, _n.m._, olive-tree, olive, olive wood. =ollaire=, _adj.f._, soft (of stones easy to cut). _Pierre —_; potstone. =olla podrida=, _n.f._, (_—_) olio; olla podrida, hotch-potch. =ollure=, _n.f._, tanner’s leather apron. =olographe=, _adj._, holographic, holographical. _Testament —_; will written in the testator’s own hand. _V._ =holographe=. =olographe=, _n.m._, holograph. =olonier=, _n.m._, (bot.) strawberry-tree; cane-apple. =olympe=, _n.m._, Olympus. =olympiade=, _n.f._, Olympiad. =olympien= (-pi-in), =-ne= (-pi-è-n), _adj._, Olympian. =olympique=, _adj._, Olympic. =ombelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) umbel, cluster of blossoms. =ombellé=, =-e= (on-bèl-lé), _adj._, (bot.) umbellar, umbellated, umbellate. =ombellifère= (-bèl-li-), _n.f._ and _adj._, (bot.) umbelliferous plant; umbelliferous. =ombellule= (on-bèl-lul), _n.f._, (bot.) umbellet, umbellule. =ombilic=, _n.m._, (anat.) umbilic, umbilicus, navel; (bot.) hilum, umbilicus. =ombilical=, =-e=, _adj._, umbilic, umbilical. _Cordon —_; umbilical cord, navel. =ombiliqué=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) umbilicate, umbilicated. =ombrage=, _n.m._, shade, umbrage, suspicion, distrust. _Faire —_; to overshadow. _Les —s verts_; shade of green foliage. _Donner de l’— à_; to give umbrage to. _Tout lui porte —_; he takes umbrage at everything. =ombrager=, _v.a._, to shade; to cover; to hide, to conceal. =ombrageu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, skittish (of horses); suspicious, distrustful. =ombre=, _n.f._, shade; shadow; spirit; background; gloom; pretense. _S’endormir à l’— d’un arbre_; to sleep under the shade of a tree. _Se mettre à l’—_; to get into the shade. _L’— suit le corps_; the shadow follows the body. _Couvrir d’—_; to shade. _Les —s de la nuit_; the shades of night. _Avoir peur de son —_; to be afraid of one’s own shadow. _Faire — à quelqu’un_; to eclipse any one, to throw any one into the shade, to give umbrage to any one. _Mettre à l’—_; to put into the shade; to shade; (pop.) to give his quietus to any one. _—s chinoises_; dissolving views. _Couvert d’—_; shady. =ombre=, _n.m._, (ich.) umbra; ombre (card game). _— de rivière_; red charr, grayling. _terre d’_=ombre=, _n.f._, black-ochre, umber. =ombré=, =-e=, _part._, tinted, shaded. =ombrelle=, _n.f._, parasol. =ombrer=, _v.a._, (drawing, paint.) to tint, to shade. =ombreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, shady, cool. =ombromètre=, _n.m._, ombrometer, rain-gauge. =oméga=, _n.m._, omega. =omelette= (o-mlèt), _n.f._, omelet. =omettre=, _v.a._, to omit, to leave out, to pass over, to leave undone. =omission=, _n.f._, omission. _Sauf erreur ou —_; errors excepted. =omnibus=, _n.m._, omnibus; (pers.) general servant, maid of all work. =omnipotence=, _n.f._, omnipotence. =omnipotent=, _adj._, omnipotent. =omniprésence=, _n.f._, omnipresence, ubiquity. =omniprésent=, =-e=, _adj._, ubiquitous, omnipresent. =omniscience=, _n.f._, omniscience. =omnium= (-om), _n.m._, (fin.) omnium; (turf) consolation stakes. =omnivore=, _adj._, omnivorous. =omoplate=, _n.f._, omoplate, scapula, shoulder-blade. =omphalode=, _n.m._, (bot.) omphalode. =on=, _pron._, one, they, we, you, people, men, it, somebody. _— croirait_; one would think. _— dit_; they say; it is said. _— s’imagine_; people think. _— croit_; it is thought. _— me la dit_; I was told so. _Que dira-t-on?_ what will people say? _Se moquer du qu’en dira-t-on_; not to care what people say. _Croire sur un — dit_, _sur des — dit_; to believe upon hearsay. _Si l’on me croit_; if I am believed. =onagre=, _n.m._, (mam., antiq.) onager; (bot.) œnothera. =onanisme=, _n.m._, onanism. ☉=onc=, =onques=, _adv._, never. =once=, _n.f._, (weight) ounce; (mam.) ounce. =oncial=, _n.m._, (l.u.). _V._ =onciale=. =onciale=, _n._ and _adj._ _f._, uncial. =oncle=, _n.m._, uncle; (pop.) money-lender, usurer. _— à la mode de Bretagne_; father _or_ mother’s cousin german. =onction=, _n.f._, unction; anointing; grace, impressiveness. _L’extrême —_; (c.rel.) extreme unction, last sacrament. =onctueusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, impressively, unctuously. =onctueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, unctuous, oily; impressive, moving. _Une terre —se_; fat earth. _Un sermon —_; an impressive _or_ moving sermon. =onctuosité=, _n.f._, unctuousness, oiliness. =onde=, _n.f._, wave, billow, surge; watering. _L’— amère_; the briny main. _Passer l’— noire_; to cross the Stygian lake. _Les —s d’un bois veiné_; the waves of a piece of veined wood. =ondé=, =-e=, _adj._, undulated, watered, curled, grained. =ondée=, _n.f._, shower. _Une forte —_; a sharp, tremendous shower; a downpour. =ondin=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, water-sprite, Undine. =ondoiement= (-doa-mān), _n.m._, undulation, swaying motion, private baptism. =ondoyant=, =-e=, _adj._, undulating, waving, flowing. _Fumée —e_; waving smoke. _Vagues —es_; waving, surging, swaying billows. =ondoyer=, _v.n._, to undulate, to rise in billows, to wave; to surge. =ondoyer=, _v.a._, to baptize privately. =ondulant=, _adj._, undulating, waving, flowing. =ondulation=, _n.f._, undulation; waving. =ondulatoire=, _adj._, undulatory. =ondulé=, _adj._, undulate, undulated. =onduler=, _v.n._, to undulate, to wave, to curl. =onduleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, undulating, flowing, waving. =onéraire=, _adj._, (jur.) acting, accountable. =onéreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, burdensome, onerous, heavy. =ongle=, _n.m._, nail (of fingers, claws); claw; hoof. _Couper_, _ronger_, _ses —s_; to cut, to gnaw, one’s nails. _Coup d’—s_; scratch. _Jusqu’au bout des —s_; to one’s fingers’ ends _or_ tips; every inch. _Rogner les —s à quelqu’un_; to clip any one’s wings. _Sur l’—_; perfectly. _Avoir bec et —s_; to be armed; to defend one’s self tooth and nail. =onglée=, _n.f._, numbness of the fingers (from cold). =onglet=, _n.m._, finger-case; (bot.) aiglet; (engr.) graver; (print.) single leaf cancel. _Assemblage à —_; miter (joinery). =onglette=, _n.f._, (engr.) flat graver. =onglon=, _n.m._, hoof (of ruminants); nail (of tortoises). =onguent= (on-gan), _n.m._, ointment, salve. _Dans les petites boîtes, les bons —s_; small parcels hold fine wares. =onguiculé=, =-e= (-gu-i-), _adj._, unguiculate, unguiculated. =onguiforme= (-gu-i-) _adj._, unguiform. =ongulé=, =-e=, _adj._, hoofed, ungulate. =onirocritie= (-cri-ci) _or_ =onirocritique=, _n.f._, interpretation of dreams, oneiroscopy. =oniromance= _or_ =oniromancie=, _n.f._, oneiromancy. =onocrotale=, _n.m._, (orni.) pelican. =onomatopée=, _n.f._, (gram.) onomatopœia. =ontologie=, _n.f._, ontology. =ontologique=, _adj._, ontological. =ontologiste=, _n.m._, ontologist. =onyx= (o-niks), _n.m._ and _adj._, onyx. =onzaine=, _n.f._, about eleven, eleven or so; an eleven (at cricket). =onze=, _n.m._ and _adj._, eleven, eleventh. [_Onze_, _onzième_, _onzaine_, do not admit of being preceded by _l’_, say, therefore, _le onze_, _du onze_, _au onzième_, _la onzaine_]. _Le — du mois_; the eleventh of the month. =onzième=, _n.m._ and _adj._, eleventh. =onzième=, _n.f._, (mus.) eleventh. =onzièmement= (on-zièm-mān), _adv._, eleventhly, in the eleventh place. =oolithe=, _n.m._, oolite. =oolithique=, _adj._, oolitic. =opacité=, _n.f._, opaqueness, opacity, darkness. =opale=, _n.f._, opal. =opalescence=, _n.f._, opalescence. =opalin=, =-e=, _adj._, opaline. _s’_=opaliser=, _v.r._, to opalize, to become opalized. =opaque=, _adj._, opaque. =opéra=, _n.m._, opera, opera-house. _C’est un vrai —_; it is a perfect imbroglio. =opérant=, _-e_, _adj._, operating. =opérat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, operator; mountebank, quack. =opérati-f=, _-ve_, operative. =opération=, _n.f._, operation, working, performance; (fin.) transaction. _Subir une —_; to undergo an operation. _Terminer une —_; to close a transaction. =opératoire=, _adj._, operative. _Médecine —_; surgery. =operculaire=, _adj._, (bot.) operculate, operculated. =opercule=, _n.m._, operculum, cover. =operculé=, =-e=, _adj._, opercular, operculated. =opérer=, _v.a._, to operate, to effect, to bring about, to perform, to work, to act; to manage, to contrive. _Se faire —_; to undergo an operation. =opérer=, _v.n._, to work, to operate. _s’_=opérer=, _v.r._, to take place, to come about, to be brought about. =opérette=, _n.f._, operetta. =opes=, _n.m.pl._, (arch.) opes; (mas.) scaffold-holes, putlog holes. =ophicléide=, _n.m._, ophicleide. =ophidien=, _-ne_ (-di-in, -è-n), _adj._, ophidian. =ophidiens= (-di-in), _n.m.pl._, ophidians. =ophioglosse=, _n.m._, (bot.) ophioglossum. _V._ =langue-de-serpent=. =ophiologie=, _n.f._, ophiology. =ophiologiste=, _n.m._, ophiologist. =ophite=, _n.m._, (min.) ophite. =ophtalmie=, _n.f._, ophthalmia, ophthalmy. =ophtalmique=, _adj._, ophthalmic. =ophtalmographie=, _n.f._, ophthalmography. =ophtalmologie=, _n.f._, ophthalmology. =ophtalmoscope=, _n.m._, ophthalmoscope. =opiacé=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) containing opium. =opiat=, _n.m._, opiate. =opilati-f=, _-ve_, _adj._, (med.) obstruent. =opilation=, _n.f._, (med.) obstruction. =opiler=, _v.a._, (med.) to obstruct. =opimes=, _adj.f.pl._, opima. _Dépouilles —_; opima spolia. =opinant=, _n.m._, speaker, adviser, voter. _adj._, speaking, advising. =opiner=, _v.n._, to opine, to speak, to give one’s opinion, to be of opinion; to advise, to conclude. _Les juges opinèrent à la mort_; the judges decided for death. _— du bonnet_; to vote blindly; to concur entirely; to nod assent. =opineur=, _n.m._, opiner. =opiniâtre=, _adj._, stubborn, obstinate, headstrong, self-willed. _Le combat fut —_; the fight was a stubborn one. _Un mal —_; an obstinate, unyielding disease. =opiniâtre=, _n.m.f._, stubborn person. _Je hais les —s_; I hate stubborn people. =opiniâtrément=, _adv._, obstinately, stubbornly. ☉=opiniâtrer=, _v.a._, to contradict, to tease; to maintain a thing obstinately, to render obstinate. _s’_=opiniâtrer=, _v.r._, to be obstinate; to insist upon doing. _Ils s’y sont opiniâtrés_; they obstinately persisted in it. =opiniâtreté=, _n.f._, obstinacy, stubbornness, self-will. _Il suit son entreprise avec —_; he pursues his scheme with pertinacity. =opinion=, _n.f._, opinion, vote, public opinion. _Chacun motiva son —_; every one gave his reasons for his opinion. _Les —s sont partagées_; opinions are divided. _Résumer les —s_; to sum up the opinions. _Aller aux —s_; to put it to the vote. _Recueillir les —s_; to collect the votes. _C’est une affaire d’—_; it is a mere matter of opinion. _Il a bonne — de lui-même_; he has a great opinion of himself. =opisthodome=, _n.m._, (antiq.) opisthodome. =opisthographe=, _adj._, (paleography) written on both sides. =opium= (o-piom), _n.m._, opium. =opobalsamum= (-sa-mom), _n.m._, (pharm.) opobalsam, balm of Gilead. =opodeldoch=, _n.m._, opodeldoc. =opossum= (-som), _n.m._, (mam.) opossum. =opportun=, =-e=, _adj._, opportune, convenient, seasonable, timely, well-timed, expedient. =opportunément=, _adv._, opportunely, seasonably. =opportunité=, _n.f._, opportuneness, seasonableness, expediency; opportunity. =opposable=, _adj._, opposable. =opposant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, opponent, adversary; opposing, opposite, adverse. =opposé=, =-e=, _adj._, opposite, contrary; facing; disinclined. _Deux armées —es l’une à l’autre_; two armies opposed one to the other. =opposé=, _n.m._, opposite, reverse, contrary. _Il est tout l’— de son père_; he is quite the opposite of his father. =opposer=, _v.a._, to oppose; to put in opposition; (jur.) to place opposite; to compare; to plead, to urge. _— la force à la force_; to oppose force to force. _s’_=opposer=, _v.r._, to be opposed, to set one’s self against, to resist, to stem, to object, to combat, to stand in the way (of). _S’— à quelque chose_; to be opposed to anything. _Vous vous y opposez_; you stand in the way. =opposite=, _n.m._, (l.u.) opposite, contrary, reverse. _C’est tout l’— de l’autre_; it is quite the reverse of the other. _À l’—_; over, against, opposite. _À l’— du camp_; opposite the camp. =opposition=, _n.f._, opposition, resistance; contrast, contradistinction; (jur.) attachment. _Former — à la publication des bans_; to forbid the bans. _Le parti de l’—_; the opposition (party). _— d’humeur_; difference of temper. =oppresser=, _v.a._, to oppress, to depress, to deject. _L’excès de nourriture oppresse l’estomac_; excess of food oppresses the stomach. _Le chagrin l’oppresse_; grief depresses him. =oppresseur=, _n.m._, oppressor. _adj.m._, oppressive. =oppressi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, oppressive. =oppression=, _n.f._, oppression. =oppressivement= (-siv-mān), _adv._, oppressively. =opprimant=, =-e=, _adj._, oppressing. =opprimé=, =-e=, _part._, oppressed. =opprimer=, _v.a._, to oppress; to overwhelm, to crush. _Malheur à ceux qui oppriment!_ woe to the oppressors! =opprobre=, _n.m._, opprobrium, shame, disgrace, reproach. _Être l’— de sa famille_; to be the disgrace of one’s family. =optati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, optative. =optatif=, _n.m._, (gram.) optative. =opter=, _v.n._, to choose, to declare. _Il faut qu’il opte entre ces deux emplois_; he must choose between (for _or_ against) those two occupations. =opticien= (-si-in), _n.m._, optician. =optimé= (-mé), _adv._, bravo, capital, very well, perfectly well. =optimisme=, _n.m._, optimism. =optimiste=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, optimist; of optimists. =option=, _n.f._, option, choice. _Avoir l’—_; to have the choice. _Je vous en laisse l’—_; I leave you the choice. =optique=, _adj._, optic, optical. _Le nerf —_; the optic nerve. _Illusion —_; optical illusion. =optique=, _n.f._, optics; perspective. _Les illusions de l’—_; the deceptions of optics. _L’— du théâtre_; stage illusion. =opulemment= (-la-mān), _adv._, opulently. =opulence=, _n.f._, opulence, wealth, affluence, riches. _Nager dans l’—_; to be possessed of great wealth; to be rolling in money. =opulent=, =-e=, _adj._, opulent, wealthy, affluent. =opuntia= (o-pon-sia), _n.f._, (bot.) opuntia, prickly pear. =opuscule=, _n.m._, opuscule, pamphlet, tract. =or=, _n.m._, gold; (her.) or. _— affiné_; refined gold. _— moulu_; ormolu. _Paillettes d’—_; gold spangles. _Vaisselle d’—_; gold plate. _— monnayé_; gold specie. _— vierge_; native gold. _Acheter quelque chose au poids de l’—_; to pay very dear for anything. _Être tout cousu d’—_; to be rolling in riches. _C’est de l’— en barre_; it is as good as ready money. _Il dit_ or _parle d’—_; he talks admirably. _Promettre des monts d’—_; to promise all manner of things. _Tout ce qui reluit n’est pas —_; all is not gold that glitters. _Le nombre d’—_; (astron.) the golden number. _L’âge d’—_; the golden age. _Des jours filés d’— et de soie_; happy days, halcyon days. =or=, _conj._, but, now; well; pray. _— sus, commençons_; now, let us begin. _— çà_; now, well now. =oracle=, _n.m._, oracle. _En —_; like an oracle. =orage=, _n.m._, storm, tempest, thunderstorm; (fig.) tumult, disorder, calamity. _Nous aurons de l’—_; we shall have a storm, _or_ a thunderstorm. _Un — mêlé d’éclairs et de tonnerre_; a storm with thunder and lightning. _Chercher un abri contre l’—_; to seek shelter from the storm. _Le temps est à l’—_; the weather is stormy _or_ thundery. _Laisser passer l’—_; to let the storm blow over. _Les —s des passions_; the tempests of the passions. =orageusement=, _adv._, tempestuously, turbulently, boisterously. =orageu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, stormy, tempestuous, thundery; agitated, restless. _Une mer —se_; a tempestuous sea. _Saison —se_; stormy season. _Mener une vie —se_; to lead an agitated life. =oraison=, _n.f._, speech; oration; orison, prayer. _Une — funèbre_; a funeral oration. _Faire une —_; to say a prayer. _L’— dominicale_; the Lord’s prayer. =oral=, _n.m._, vail (used by the pope, and formerly by women). =oral=, =-e=, _adj._, oral, verbal, viva voce. =oralement= (-al-mān), _adv._, orally; verbally. =orange=, _n.f._, orange. _— douce_; sweet orange. _Ecorce d’—_; orange-peel. _Rouelle d’—_; slice of orange. _Fleur d’—_; orange flower. =orangé=, =-e=, _adj._, orange-colored. =orangé=, _n.m._, orange-color. =orangeade= (-jad), _n.f._, orangeade. =orangeat= (-ja), _n.m._, candied orange-peel. =oranger=, _n.m._, orange-tree; orange-man. =orangère=, _n.f._, orange-woman. =orangerie= (o-ranj-rî), _n.f._, orange-house; orange-grove, orangery. =orangiste=, _n.m._, orange-grower; orange-man. =orang-outang=, _n.m._, orang-outang. =orateur=, _n.m._, orator, speaker, spokesman. _— éloquent_, _véhément_; eloquent, vehement, orator. =oratoire=, _adj._, oratorial, oratorical. _Débit —_; oratorical delivery. _Art —_; oratory, art of public speaking. =oratoire=, _n.m._, private chapel; oratory; Oratory (religious order). =oratoirement= (-toâr-mān), _adv._, oratorically. =oratorien= (-in), _n.m._, Oratorian. =oratorio=, _n.m._, (mus.) oratorio. =orbe=, _n.m._, (astron.) orbit; orb. _pl._, folds, coils (of a serpent); (ich.) orbis, orb-fish. =orbe=, _adj._, (surg.) contusing (of blows). =orbiculaire=, _adj._, orbicular. =orbiculairement= (-lèr-mān), _adv._, orbicularly. =orbiculé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) orbicular, orbiculate, orbiculated. =orbitaire=, _adj._, (anat.) orbital. =orbite=, _n.f._, (astron.) orbit; (anat.) orbit, socket. _L’— de l’œil_; the socket of the eye. =orcanète=, _n.f._, (bot.) orchanet, alkanet, dyer’s-bugloss, dyer’s-gromwell. =orchestral= (-kès-), _adj._, orchestral. =orchestration= (-kès-), _n.f._, (mus.) scoring. =orchestre= (-kès-) _n.m._, orchestra; band. =orchestrer= (-kès-), _v.a._, (mus.) to score. =orchidées= _or_ =orchide= _or_ =orchie= (-ki-), _n.f.pl._, (bot.) orchidaceæ, (bot.) orchid, orchis, fool-stone, bee-flower, gnat-flower. =ordalie=, _n.f._, ordeal (old form of trial). =ordinaire=, _adj._, ordinary, common, usual, customary. _Le cours — de la nature_; the usual course of nature. _Le train — de la vie_; the ordinary course of life. =ordinaire=, _n.m._, ordinary; ordinary practice; daily fare; (milit.) mess, table, ordinary allowance (of wine). _pl._, menses. _C’est un homme au-dessus de l’—_; he is above the common run. _À l’—_; as usual. _D’—_, _pour l’—_; usually, ordinarily. =ordinairement= (-nèr-mān), _adv._, ordinarily, usually, commonly. =ordinal=, _adj.m._, ordinal. =ordinand=, _n.m._, candidate for ordination. =ordinant=, _n.m._, ordaining bishop. =ordination=, _n.f._, ordination. =ordo=, _n.m._, (_—_) ordo, church-service book; (book regulating the order of the daily service in the church). =ordon=, _n.m._, timber-frame. =ordonnance=, _n.f._, order, ordering, ordonnance, ordinance; disposition, arrangement, regulation; (milit.) orderly; (med.) prescription. _Habits d’—_; regimentals. _Officier d’—_; orderly officer. _Par — de médecin_; acting on a doctor’s orders; by order. =ordonnancement=, _n.m._, written order of payment. =ordonnancer=, _v.a._, (fin.) to order the payment of, to pass (in writing); to prescribe, to ordain; to charter. =ordonnateur=, _n.m._, ordainer; orderer. =ordonnat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, ordaining; ordering. _n.m.f._, orderer, ordainer. =ordonné=, =-e=, _part._, ordered, prescribed; ordained. _Charité bien —e commence par soi-même_; charity begins at home. =ordonnée=, _n.f._, (geom.) ordinate. =ordonner=, _v.a._, to ordain, to order, to regulate; to direct, to command, to enjoin, (med.) to prescribe; to decree; to confer holy orders. _Il est plus aisé d’— que d’exécuter_; ordering and carrying out are two different things. _Mon devoir me l’ordonne_; my duty commands me to do it, enjoins it (upon me). _Le médecin a ordonné la saignée_; the physician has prescribed bleeding. =ordre=, _n.m._, order, word, command, mandate, warrant, management; class; tribe. _pl._, holy orders. _Maintenir l’—_; to maintain order, peace. _Traiter les choses par —_; to treat things in their order. _Marcher en — de bataille_; to march in battle array. _Il est le premier créancier en —_; he stands first on the list of creditors. _Cet homme n’a pas d’—_; that man has no system. _Cela n’est pas dans l’—_; that is not in order, not right. _Mot d’—_; watchword, password. _L’ancien — de choses_; the old order of things. _J’y mettrai —_; I shall see to it. _Un esprit du premier —_; an intellect of the highest order. _Du premier —_; of the highest order. _Donner ses —s_; to give one’s orders. _Un — par écrit_; a written order. _D’— et pour compte de_; (com.) by order and on account of. _Un billet à —_; a bill to order. _De quel — faites-vous cela?_ by whose order do you do that? _Prendre les —s_; to go into orders. _Conférer les —s_; to ordain. _— de chevalerie_; order of knighthood. _Mettre à l’— du jour_; (mil.) to mention in the general orders. _En bon —_; in good order. _Rappeler à l’—_; to call to order. _Passer à l’— du jour_; to pass to the order of the day. _Jusqu’à nouvel —_; until further orders. =ordure=, _n.f._, filth, dirt, dust; excrement; dirty thing. _pl._, sweepings. _Panier aux —s_; dirt basket. =orduri-er=, =-ère=, _n._ and _adj._, filthy blackguard; ribald; filthy. =oréade=, _n.f._, (myth.) oread. ☉=orée=, _n.f._, border, skirt of a wood or forest. *=oreillard=, =-e=, _adj._, (of horses) lop-eared. *=oreille=, _n.f._, ear, hearing; tie (of shoes); fluke (of anchors); earth-board (of plows). _pl._, ears (of a bale); end-teeth (of combs); dog’s ears (of books). _Le tympan de l’—_; the drum of the ear. _Se boucher les —s_; to stop one’s ears. _Avoir mal aux —s_; to have an earache. _Avoir un tintement d’—s_; to have a tingling in one’s ears. _Boucle d’—_; ear-ring. _Parler à l’— à quelqu’un_, _dire un mot à l’— à quelqu’un_; to whisper a word to any one; to say a word in any one’s ear. _Prêter l’— à_; to lend an ear to; to listen; to give ear. _Faire la sourde —_; to turn a deaf ear. _Echauffer les —s à quelqu’un_; to provoke any one. _Donner sur les —s à quelqu’un_; to box any one’s ears. _Avoir la puce à l’—_; to be on the alert. _Se faire tirer l’—_; to require pressing. _Il ne se fait guère tirer l’—_; he does not need much pressing. _Être endetté par-dessus les —_; to be over head and ears in debt. _Avoir les —s rebattues de quelque chose_; to be tired of hearing a thing. _Ventre affamé n’a point d’—s_; a hungry belly has no ears. _Avoir l’— basse_; to look downcast, _or_ chopfallen, crestfallen. _Avoir les —s chastes_; to be offended by any gross word. _Il a bonne —_; he has a quick ear. _Il a l’— dure_; he is hard of hearing. _Il a de l’—_; he has a delicate ear, or an ear for music. _Cela lui entre par une — et sort par l’autre_; that goes in at one ear and out at the other. _Tirer l’— à quelqu’un_; to pull any one’s ear. _Dormir sur les deux —s_; to sleep soundly; to make one’s mind quite easy. _N’écouter que d’une —_; to pay little heed to what is said. _Venir corner à l’— de_; to din (anything) into a person’s ears. _Je n’entends pas de cette — là_; I will not listen to that; I don’t see it in that light. _Autant vous en pend à l’—_; you may expect as much. *=oreiller=, _n.m._, pillow. _Une taie d’—_; a pillow-case. *=oreillère=, _n.f._, (ent.) earwig; (armor) ear-piece. *=oreillette=, _n.f._, (anat.) auricle; (bot., conch., zoöl.) ear; small-ear. _—s du cœur_; (anat.) auricles of the heart; (of a cat) ear-lap. *=oreillon=, _n.m._, part of a helmet covering the ear; small-ear, handle; (zoöl.) eminence of the ears of bats; (med.) mumps [in this sense, generally used in the plural]. _pl._, (of hides) parings. =orémus= (-mus), _n.m._, (_—_) oremus, orison (prayer); (int.) let us pray! =oréographie=, _n.f._ _V._ =orographie=. =ores= _or_ =ors=, _adv._, only used in _d’— et déjà_; from this moment. =orfèvre=, _n.m._, goldsmith, silversmith. _— bijoutier_; goldsmith and jeweler. _Vous êtes —, M. Josse_; you are in the trade, my dear sir; that is a bit of special pleading; that’s not disinterested advice. =orfèvrerie=, _n.f._, goldsmith’s art, silversmith’s trade; jewelry. =orfévri=, =-e=, _adj._, wrought (by the goldsmith). =orfraie=, _n.f._, sea-eagle, osprey. =orfroi=, _n.m._, orphrey (fringe of gold). =organdi=, _n.m._, book-muslin. =organe=, _n.m._, organ; voice, medium, agency; mouthpiece, spokesman. _L’— de la vue_; the organ of sight. _Cet acteur manque d’—_; that actor has no voice. =organeau=, _n.m._, (nav.) ring, anchor ring. =organique=, _n.f._, (antiq.) instrumental music; mechanics, machines. =organique=, _adj._, organic. =organisat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, organizer; organizing. =organisation=, _n.f._, organization, formation, arrangement; constitution, nature, mind. =organisé=, =-e=, _part._, organized. _Une tête bien —e_; a well-balanced mind. =organiser=, _v.a._, to organize; to form; to draw up; to get up, to arrange. _s’_=organiser=, _v.r._, to become organized; to get settled. =organisme=, _n.m._, organism. =organiste=, _n.m._, organist. =organsin=, _n.m._, organzine (silk). =organsinage=, _n.m._, organzining (silk-throwing). =organsiner=, _v.a._, to organzine; to throw (silk). =orgasme=, _n.m._, (med.) orgasm. =orge=, _n.f._ [masculine with the adjectives _mondé_ and _perlé_], barley. _— mondé_; hulled barley. _— perlé_; pearl barley. _Faire ses —s_; to feather one’s nest. _Grossier comme du pain d’—_; as uncivil as you like, _or_ as they make them. =orgé=, =-e=, _adj._, mixed with barley water. =orgeat= (or-ja), _n.m._, orgeat (liquor). =orgelet= _or_ =orgeolet=, _n.m._, (med.) stye. =orgie= (or-jî), _n.f._, orgy; frantic revel; drunken bout. _pl._, (antiq.) orgies. =orgue= (org), _n.m._, orgues, _n.f.pl._, (mus.) organ; (fort.) orgues. _Buffet d’—s_; organ-case. _— de Barbarie_; barrel-organ. _— portatif_; street organ. _Point d’—_; organ point. _— de mer_; organ-pipe coral. _Facteur d’—s_; organ builder. _Jeu d’—_; organ stop. _— expressif_; harmonium. *=orgueil= (or-gheu-), _n.m._, pride, arrogance; ostentation, boasting. _Être enflé_, _bouffi_, _d’—_; to be puffed up with pride. =orgueilleusement= (or-gheu-ieûz-mān), _adv._, proudly, haughtily, ostentatiously. =orgueilleu-x=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, proud, haughty person; proud, haughty. =orient=, _n.m._, East, Orient, rising, rise; water (of pearls). _Les peuples d’—_; the Eastern nations. _L’empire d’—_; the Eastern Empire. _Commerce d’—_; the East India trade. _Grand —_; grand lodge (freemasonry). =oriental=, =-e=, _adj._, Oriental, Eastern. _Indes —es_; India, East India. _À l’—e_; in Eastern fashion. =orientaliste=, _n.m._, Orientalist. =orientation=, _n.f._, finding the cardinal points; trimming (of sails). =orientaux=, _n.m.pl._, Orientals; Eastern nations. =orienté=, =-e=, _part._, (nav.) set (of sails). _Bien —_; having a good aspect. _Mal —_; in a bad aspect. _Carte bien —e_; map exactly drawn. =orientement= (oriant-mān), _n.m._, (nav.) trim (of sails). =orienter=, _v.a._, to set towards the East; to give the right aspect to; (nav.) to trim (sails). _— un cadran_; to set a quadrant. _s’_=orienter=, _v.r._, to find out the East; to take one’s bearings; to ascertain one’s position; to see what one is about. _Laissez-moi m’—_; let me see where I am. =orifice=, _n.m._, orifice, aperture, hole. =oriflamme=, _n.f._, oriflamme. =origan=, _n.m._, (bot.) origanum, marjoram. =originaire=, _adj._, originally come from; native of; native; first; primitive. _Il est — d’Italie_; he is of Italian origin; he comes from Italy. =originairement= (-nèr-mān), _adv._, originally, primitively. =original=, =-e=, _adj._, original, first, primitive; eccentric, queer, odd, peculiar, quaint. _Consulter l’édition —e_; to consult the original edition. _Le texte —_; the original text. _C’est un génie —_; he is an original genius. _Avoir un caractère —_; to have an eccentric character. =original=, _n.m._, original (not the copy); strange character; queer fellow; character, oddity; (mam.) elk. _C’est un — sans copie_; he is eccentricity itself _or_ personified. _Copié sur l’—_; copied from the original. =originalement= (-nal-mān), _adv._, originally, in an original manner; singularly, oddly. =originalité=, _n.f._, originality; eccentricity; oddity, oddness, quaintness. =origine=, _n.f._, origin, fountain, source; seat; spring; derivation; extraction. _L’— d’un mot_; the origin of a word. _Il était de basse —_; he was of mean extraction. _Dans l’—_; originally. _Dès l’—_; from the very beginning, from the very first. _Avoir_ or _tirer son — de_; to originate in; to have one’s origin. =originel=, =-le=, _adj._, original, primitive. _Péché —_; original sin. =originellement= (-nèl-mān), _adv._, originally. *=original=, _n.m._, elk. [In Canada.] *=orillard=, =-e=. _V._ =oreillard=. *=orillon=, _n.m._, (fort.) orillon; (of a plow) mold-board; (of a porringer) handle. _pl._, (med.) mumps (for which _oreillons_ is also used). =orin=, _n.m._, (nav.) buoy-rope (of an anchor). =orion=, _n.m._, (astron.) Orion. =oripeau=, _n.m._, orsedew; Dutch gold; tinsel; foil; faded finery, silver lace. =orle=, _n.m._, (arch.) orle, orlet, orlo; (her.) orle. =orléans=, _n.m._, light cloth for summer wear. =ormaie= _or_ =ormoie=, _n.f._, elm-grove. =orme=, _n.m._, elm. _— tilleul_; wych-elm. _Attendre sous l’—_; to wait till doomsday. =ormeau=, _n.m._, young elm. *=ormille=, _n.f._, hedge of young elms. =ormin=, _n.m._, (bot.) annual clary. =ormoie=, _n.f._ _V._ =ormaie=. =orne=, _n.m._, (bot.) ornus, flowering-ash. =orné=, =-e=, _part._, adorned, ornamented, decked (with). =ornemaniste= _or_ =ornementiste=, _n.m._, (arch.) ornament-maker. =ornement=, _n.m._, ornament, embellishment; (mus.) grace-note. =ornemental=, _adj._, ornamental. =ornementation=, _n.f._, ornamentation. =orner=, _v.a._, to adorn, to ornament, to decorate, to grace, to bedeck, to embellish, to deck. _Les vertus ornent l’âme_; virtues embellish the soul. _— son esprit_; to adorn one’s mind. =ornière=, _n.f._, rut (of a road); old track, beaten path. _Il est retombé dans l’—_; he has fallen back into the old track. =ornithogale=, _n.m._, (bot.) ornithogalum, star-of-Bethlehem. =ornitholithe=, _n.m._, ornitholite. =ornithologie=, _n.f._, ornithology. =ornithologiste= _or_ =ornithologue=, _n.m._, ornithologist. =ornithomance= _or_ =ornithomancie=, _n.f._, ornithomancy. =ornithorynque=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) ornithorhynchus, water-mole. =orobanche=, _n.f._, (bot.) orobanche, broom-rape, strangleweed. =orobe=, _n.f._, (bot.) orobus, bitter-vetch. =orographie=, _n.f._, orography. =orologie=, _n.f._, orology. =oronge=, _n.f._, (bot.) orange-agaric. _Fausse —_; amanita muscaria, fly-agaric. *=orpailleur=, _n.m._, gold-finder, gold-seeker. =orphelin=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, orphan, orphaned. =orphelinat=, _n.m._, orphan-asylum, orphanage. =orphéon=, _n.m._, orpheon, choral society; choral-singing. =orphéoniste=, _n.m._, choral singer. =orphie=, _n.f._, garfish. =orphique=, _adj._, Orphic. =orphique=, _n.m._, votary of Orpheus. =orphiques=, _n.f.pl._, (antiq.) orgies, feasts in honor of Bacchus. =orpiment=, _n.m._, orpiment. =orpimenter=, _v.a._, to color with orpiment. =orpin=, _n.m._, (bot.) orpine; (min.) orpiment. =orque=, _n.m._, (ich.) ork. _V._ =épaulard=. =ors=, _adv._ _V._ =ores=. *=orseille=, _n.f._, (bot.) orchela; dyer’s moss. =ort=, _adj. invariable_, (com.) gross weight. _Peser —_; to weigh gross weight. *=orteil=, _n.m._, toe; great toe. _Se dresser sur ses —s_; to stand on tip-toe. =orthodoxe=, _adj._, orthodox. =orthodoxie=, _n.f._, orthodoxy. =orthodromie=, _n.f._, orthodromy. =orthoépie=, _n.f._, orthoëpy. =orthogonal=, =-e=, _adj._, orthogonal. =orthogonalement=, _adv._, in a right angle. =orthogone=, _adj._, (geom.) orthogonal. =orthographe=, _n.f._, orthography, spelling. _Faute d’—_; mistake in spelling. =orthographie=, _n.f._, (arch., bot., geom., persp.) orthography. =orthographier=, _v.a._ and _n._, to spell. =orthographique=, _adj._, orthographical, orthographic. _Dessin —_; orthographical drawing. =orthographiste=, _n.m._, orthographer. =orthopédie=, _n.f._, orthopædy. =orthopédique=, _adj._, orthopædic. =orthopédiste=, _n.m._, orthopædist. =orthopnée=, _n.f._, orthopnœa. =orthoptère=, _n.m._ and _adj._, orthopterous insect; orthopterous. =orthoptères=, _n.m.pl._, orthoptera, orthopterans. =ortie= (or-tî), _n.f._, nettle; (vet.) rowel. _Jeter aux —s_; to throw to the dogs, to cast off. _Jeter son froc aux —s_; to be unfrocked (of monks). =ortié=, =-e=, _adj._, nettled. _Fièvre —e_; nettle-rash. =ortive=, _adj._, (astron.) ortive. =ortolan=, _n.m._, (orni.) ortolan. =orvale=, _n.f._, (bot.) clary, orval. =orvet=, _n.m._, (erpetology) slow-worm. =orviétan=, _n.m._, orvietan, nostrum. _Marchand d’—_; quack-doctor. =oryctographie=, _n.f._, oryctography. =oryctologie=, _n.f._, oryctology. =oryctologiste= _or_ =oryctologue=, _n.m._, oryctologist. =os= (ô), _n.m._, bone. _L’— de la jambe_; the shin-bone. _— de l’épaule_; shoulder-blade. _— à ronger_; bone to pick; sop; nut to crack. _Jusqu’à la moelle des —_; to the bones. _Elle n’a que la peau et les —_; she is nothing but skin and bones. _Rompre les — à quelqu’un_; to beat any one unmercifully. _Ne pas faire de vieux —_; not to live long. _Être trempé_, or _percé_, _jusqu’aux —_; to be wet through or to the skin. =oscillant=, =-e=, _adj._, oscillating. =oscillation= (-sil-la-), _n.f._, oscillation, vibration, swing. =oscillatoire= (-sil-la-), _adj._, oscillatory. =osciller= (os-sil-lé), _v.n._, to oscillate, to swing, to vibrate, to fluctuate, to waver. _— entre deux opinions_; to be undecided, to waver between two opinions. =oscitant=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) oscitant, gaping, yawning. =oscitation=, _n.f._, oscitancy, gaping. =osculat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, (geom.) osculatory. =osculation=, _n.f._, (geom.) osculation. =osé=, =-e=, _adj._, bold, daring; attempted, ventured. *=oseille=, _n.f._, sorrel. =oser=, _v.a._, to dare, to be so bold as, to venture. _Vous n’osez rien_; you won’t venture anything. =oser=, _v.n._, to dare, to venture, to presume, to attempt. _Je n’oserais_, _je n’ose_; I dare not. _Si j’ose le dire_; if I may venture so to speak. _Oserai-je le dire?_ can I venture to say it? _Oseriez-vous le blâmer?_ would you dare to blame him? =oseraie= (ô-zrê), _n.f._, osier-bed. =osier=, _n.m._, osier, withy, wicker. _Un panier d’—_; a wicker-basket. =osmazôme=, _n.f._, (chem.) osmazome. =osmium=, _n.m._ (n.p.), (chem.) osmium. =osmonde=, _n.f._, (bot.) osmund. =ossature=, _n.f._, (anat.) osseous frame-work, skeleton. =osselet= (o-slê), _n.m._, ossicle, small bone; knuckle-bone; (vet.) osselet. =ossements= (os-mān), _n.m.pl._, bones (of dead bodies). =osseu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, bony, osseous. =ossianique=, _adj._, of Ossian. =ossification=, _n.f._, ossification. =ossifier=, _v.a._, to ossify. _s’_=ossifier=, _v.r._, to become ossified. =ossu=, =-e=, _adj._, large boned, bony. =ossuaire=, _n.m._, ossuary, charnel-house. =ostéine=, _n.f._, (chem.) osseine (substance extracted from bones). =ostensible=, _adj._, ostensible, visible. =ostensiblement=, _adv._, ostensibly, visibly. =ostensoir= _or_ =ostensoire=, _n.m._, (c.rel.) monstrance, remonstrance. =ostentat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, ostentatious person; ostentatious. =ostentation=, _n.f._, ostentation, show, boast. _Faire — de ses richesses_; to parade one’s wealth. =ostéocolle=, _n.f._, osteocolla, bone-glue. =ostéocope=, _adj._, of the bones. _Douleur —_; osteocope. =ostéogénie=, _n.f._, osteogeny. =ostéographie=, _n.f._, osteography. =ostéolithe=, _n.m._, petrified bone. =ostéologie=, _n.f._, osteology. =ostéotomie=, _n.f._, osteotomy. =ostracé=, =-e=, _adj._, ostraceous. =ostraciser=, _v.a._, to ostracize, to banish. =ostracisme=, _n.m._, ostracism, banishment. _Frapper d’—_; to ostracize, to banish. =ostracite=, _n.f._, (foss.) ostracite. =ostréiculteur=, _n.m._, oyster-grower. =ostréiculture=, _n.f._, oyster-culture. =ostrogot=, _n.m._, Ostrogoth; barbarian, savage, fool. =otage=, _n.m._, hostage, pledge. _En —_; as a hostage. =otalgie=, _n.f._, otalgia, ear-ache. =ôté=, _prep._, except, save, but, barring. _— cela, je ferai tout_; I’ll do everything but that. =ôter=, _v.a._, to take away; to remove; to deprive; to take off, to deduct; to take out; to pull off; to set aside; to rid (of). _Otez cette table de là_; take that table away. _Otez la nappe_; take away the cloth. _Je ne puis m’— cela de la tête_; I can’t get that out of my head. _— sa cravate_, _son manteau_, _son chapeau_, _ses souliers_; to take off one’s neckcloth, cloak, hat, shoes. _— son gilet_; to pull off one’s waistcoat. _— son chapeau à quelqu’un_; to take off one’s hat to any one. _On lui a ôté sa place_; they have deprived him of his situation. _Cette eau ôte les taches_; that water removes stains. _s’_=ôter=, _v.r._, to remove; to get away; to be moved, to be taken away, to take one’s self off; to stand out. _Otez-vous de devant mes yeux_; get out of my sight. _Otez-vous du chemin_; stand out of the way. _Ote-toi de là que je m’y mette_; make room for me. =ottoman=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Ottoman. =ottomane=, _n.f._, ottoman (sofa). =ou=, _conj._, or, either, else, or else. _Mort — vif_; either dead or alive. =où=, _adv._, where, whither; at which; in which; to which; through which; when, that. _— suis-je?_ where am I? _— en suis-je?_ how do matters stand? _— allez-vous?_ where are you going? _D’—?_ whence? where ... from. _D’— est-il?_ what countryman is he? _D’— savez-vous cela?_ how do you know that? _D’— vient que?_ how is it that? _Par —?_ which way? _L’état — il est_; the condition in which he is. _Le but — il tend_; the end he has in view. _— en êtes vous avec lui?_ upon what terms are you with him? _Partout —_; wherever. _Le moment — je vous ai quitté_; the moment when _or_ just as I left you. _— en êtes vous de votre travail?_ how far have you got with your work; what progress have you made? ☉*=ouaille=, _n.f._, sheep. _pl._, flock (of a pastor). =ouais!= _int._, heyday! whish! dear me! bless my soul! =ouate=, _n.f._, wadding, padding; cotton-wool. _Doublé de —_; wadded, lined with wadding. =ouater=, _v.a._, to wad, to pad. _Ouaté_; velvety. =oubli=, _n.m._, forgetfulness, neglect, oblivion; oversight, inadvertence, omission, slip; breach. _Mettre en —_; to forget. _Ensevelir dans l’—_; to bury in oblivion. _Tomber dans l’—_; to sink into oblivion, to fall into neglect. =oubliable=, _adj._, liable to be forgotten; that deserves to be forgotten. ☉=oubliance=, _n.f._ _V._ =oubli=. =oublie=, _n.f._, a kind of very thin pastry; wafer. =oublier=, _v.a._, to forget, to be unmindful of; to omit, to leave out. _— son devoir_; to forget one’s duty. _N’oubliez pas les pauvres_; remember the poor. _— une injure_; to forget an injury. _Oublions le passé_; let bygones be bygones. _s’_=oublier=, _v.r._, to forget one’s self; to neglect one’s affairs, to be forgotten. _Les parvenus s’oublient facilement_; upstarts easily forget themselves. =oubliettes=, _n.f.pl._, oubliettes; (fig.) trap-dungeon. _Mettre aux —_; to consign to oblivion. =oublieur=, _n.m._, muffin-man. =oublieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, forgetful, oblivious, unmindful. =ouest= (ou-èst), _n.m._, West, westerly, western. _Un vent d’—_; a westerly wind. _À l’—_; westward, in a westerly direction; westerly (of the wind). _Vents d’—_; westerly winds. _L’Ouest_; (rail) the Great Western of France. =ouf!= _int._, oh! =oui=, _adv._, yes. _—-da_; yes, indeed, willingly. _Il ne m’a répondu ni — ni non_; he gave me no positive answer. _Dire_, _parier_, _assurer que —_; to say, to bet, to assure that it is so. _Il a dit que —_ or _il a dit —_; he said yes. =oui=, _n.m._, yes. _Dire le grand —_; to marry, to pronounce the fatal word “I will.” _Le — et le non_; yes and no. _Pour un — et un non_; for the least thing. _Les — et les non_; the ayes and noes. =ouï=, =-e=, _part._, heard. _J’ai — dire_; I have heard say. _J’ai — parler de_; I have heard of. =ouï-dire=, _n.m._, (_—_) hearsay. =ouïe=, _n.f._, hearing. _Avoir l’— bonne_; to be quick of hearing. =ouïe=, _n.f._, hole (of a violin, etc.). _pl._, gills (of fish). *=ouillage=, _n.m._, ullage; filling up of a cask of wine. =ouiller=, _v.a._, to fill up, to refresh, to add to, to replace in a cask the quantity which has disappeared by leakage, etc. =ouïr=, _v.a._, to hear. =ouistiti=, _n.m._, striated monkey. =ouragan=, _n.m._, hurricane, tornado. =ourdir=, _v.a._, to warp; to plot, to brew, to hatch, to concoct. _— une toile_; to warp a cloth. _— une trahison_; to plot a treacherous deed. _— un complot_; to hatch a plot. =ourdissage=, _n.m._, warping. =ourdisseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, warper. =ourdissoir=, _n.m._, warp-beam. =ourdissure=, _n.f._, warping. =ourler=, _v.a._, to hem (needlework). _— à jour_; to hemstitch. =ourlet=, _n.m._, hem. =ours= (oors), _n.m._, bear. _Un — mal léché_; an unlicked cub, an ill-bred fellow. _Il ne faut pas vendre la peau de l’— avant qu’on l’ait pris_; you must not count your chickens before they are hatched. _C’est un —_; he is a bear. _Chasse à l’—_; bear-hunt. =ourse=, _n.f._, she-bear; (astron.) Ursa. _La grande —_; Ursa Major, the Greater Bear. _La petite —_; Ursa Minor, the Lesser Bear. =oursin=, _n.m._, sea-urchin. =ourson=, _n.m._, bear’s cub. =ourvari=, _n.m._ _V._ =hourvari=. =outarde=, _n.f._, (orni.) bustard. =outardeau=, _n.m._, (orni.) young bustard. =outil= (oo-ti), _n.m._, tool, implement. *=outillage=, _n.m._, stock of tools. *=outillé=, =-e=, _adj._, furnished with tools. *=outiller=, _v.a._, to furnish with tools. =outrage=, _n.m._, outrage, gross insult, abuse; injury. _Souffrir un —_; to brook an outrage. _Faire un — à_; to commit an outrage upon. =outrageant=, =-e= (-jān, -t), _adj._, outrageous; insulting, abusive. =outrager=, _v.a._, to outrage, to insult, to shock, to offend. _— la pudeur_; to commit an outrage upon decency. =outrageusement= (-jeûz-mān), _adv._, outrageously, insultingly. =outrageu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, outrageous. =outrance=, _n.f._, extreme; excess. _À —_; with a vengeance; to the death. _À toute —_; beyond measure. =outre=, _n.f._, leather bottle. =outre=, _adv._, further, beyond. _Passer —_; to go on, to take no notice of a thing, to pass over; (jur.) to proceed. _D’— en —_; through and through. =outre=, _prep._, beyond; besides, in addition to, above. _D’—-mer_; from beyond the seas, across the channel. _— cela_; besides that. =outre que=, _conj._, besides. =outré=, =-e=, _adj._, exaggerated, far-fetched; incensed; strained, excessive, undue. _Pensée —e_; extravagant thought. _Des louanges — es_; excessive praise. _Il est — en tout_; he is far-fetched in everything. =outrecuidance=, _n.f._, presumption; overweening conceit. =outrecuidant=, =-e=, _adj._, overweening, presumptuous, conceited. ☉=outrecuidé=, =-e=, _adj._, presumptuous, overweening. =outrement=, _adv._, (l.u.) excessively, beyond measure. =outremer=, _n.m._, ultra-marine (color). =outrepasse=, _n.f._, extra-cuttings (of wood). =outrepasser=, _v.a._, to go beyond, to exceed, to transgress. _— ses pouvoirs_; to exceed one’s powers. =outrer=, _v.a._ and _n._, to exaggerate, to overdo; ☉to overwhelm; to incense; to strain. _— un cheval_; to strain a horse. _C’est un homme qui outre tout_; he is a man who overdoes everything. =ouvert=, =-e=, _part._, open, unfortified (of towns). _À livre —_; at sight. _Parler à cœur —_; to speak unreservedly, frankly. _Chanter à livre —_; to sing at sight. _Compte —_; (com.) running account. _À bureau —_; on presentation, on demand. =ouvertement=, _adv._, openly, frankly. =ouverture=, _n.f._, opening; aperture, chasm, gap, hole, chink; overture, beginning; orifice, means, way; width (of a door). _L’— était assez large pour qu’il passât_; the opening was wide enough to enable him to pass. _Faire des —s de paix_; to make overtures of peace. _L’— était bien belle_; the overture was very fine. _L’— de la chasse_; the opening of the shooting season. _— d’esprit_; quick-wittedness. =ouvrable=, _adj._, working, workable. _Jour —_; working-day, week-day. =ouvrage=, _n.m._, work, piece of work; performance, workmanship; job. _— de brique_; brick-work. _Se mettre à l’—_; to set to work. _— à l’aiguille_; needlework. =ouvragé=, =-e=, _adj._, wrought, worked, figured. =ouvrager=, _v.a._, to work, to figure. =ouvrant=, =-e=, _adj._, opening. _À jour —_; at break of day, at daybreak. =ouvré=, =-e=, _adj._, diapered; wrought. =ouvreau=, _n.m._, side-hole (of furnaces). =ouvrer=, _v.a._, to work; to diaper; to coin. _— la monnaie_; to coin money. ☉=ouvrer=, _v.n._, to work. =ouvreu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, opener. _—se de loges_; (thea.) box-keeper. =ouvrier=, _n.m._, workman, artisan; mechanic, operative, journeyman. _— à la journée_; day-laborer. _À l’œuvre on connaît l’—_; the workman is known by his work. _Mauvais — n’a jamais bons outils_; a bad workman always blames his tools. =ouvri-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, operative, working. _Jour —_; working-day. _La classe —ère_; the working-classes. _Cheville —ère_; pole-bolt (of a coach); (fig.) prime mover. =ouvrière=, _n.f._, workwoman. =ouvrir= (ouvrant, ouvert), _v.a._, to open, to unclose, to set open; to sharpen (the appetite); to broach (opinion); to subject to. _— la terre_; to dig open the earth. _Cela ouvre l’appétit_; that sharpens the appetite. _— son cœur à quelqu’un_; to unbosom one’s self to any one. _s’_=ouvrir=, _v.r._, to open for one’s self, to disclose one’s self; to open one’s mind. _S’— un passage_ or _un chemin_; to cut a way for one’s self (through). _S’— à quelqu’un_; to open one’s mind to any one. =ouvrir=, _v.n._, to open, to expand, to spread. =ouvroir=, _n.m._, workshop; work-room. =ovaire=, _n.m._, (anat.) ovary; (bot.) ovary. =ovalaire=, _adj._, (anat.) oval. =ovale=, _n.m._ and _adj._, oval. =ovariotomie=, _n.f._, (surg.) amputation of a diseased ovary. =ovation=, _n.f._, ovation. =ove=, _n.m._, (arch.) ovolo. =ové=, =-e=, _adj._, ovate, ovated. =ovicule=, _n.m._, small ovolo. =oviducte=, _n.m._, (anat.) oviduct. =ovine=, _adj._, ovine. =ovipare=, _n.m._ and _adj._, oviparous animal; oviparous. =ovoïde=, _adj._, ovoid. =ovule=, _n.m._, (physiology) ovule, ovulum. =oxalate=, _n.m._, (chem.) oxalate. =oxalide=, _n.f._, (bot.) oxalis. =oxalique=, _adj._, oxalic. =oxycrat=, _n.m._, oxycrate (beverage). =oxydabilité=, _n.f._, oxidability. =oxydable=, _adj._, oxidable. =oxydation=, _n.f._, oxidation. =oxyde=, _n.m._, (chem.) oxide. =oxyder=, _v.a._, (chem.) to oxidate. _s’_=oxyder=, _v.r._, to be, to become oxidized. =oxygénable=, _adj._, (chem.) oxygenizable. =oxygénation=, _n.f._, (chem.) oxygenation. =oxygène=, _n.m._, (chem.) oxygen. =oxygéner=, _v.a._, (chem.) to oxygenate. =oxygone=, _adj._, (geom.) oxygonal, oxygonial. =oxymel=, _n.m._, oxymel. =oxyrrhodin=, _n.m._, (pharm.) oxyrrhodine. =oyant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (jur.) auditor, hearer. =ozène=, _n.f._, ozæna. =ozone=, _n.m._, (chem.) ozone. =ozonisation=, _n.f._, ozonization. =ozonomètre=, _n.m._, ozonometer. P =p=, _n.m._, the sixteenth letter of the alphabet, p. =p.= (initial letter of Père), father (priest). =p.= (initial letter of Pour), (com.) per. =paca=, _n.m._, kind of guinea-pig. =pacage=, _n.m._, pasture-land. =pacager=, _v.n._, (jur.) to pasture. =in pace=, _n.m._ _V._ =in pace=. =pacha=, _n.m._ (_—s_), pacha, bashaw. =pachalik= (pa-ka-lik), _n.m._ (_—s_), pachalic. =pachyderme=, _n.m._ and _adj._, pachyderm; pachydermatous. =pacificat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, pacificator, pacifier; pacifying, peace-maker. =pacification=, _n.f._, pacification, peace-making, appeasement; adjustment. =pacifier=, _v.a._, to pacify, to appease; to still, to calm. _Se —_; to become, _or_ to be, pacified. =pacifique=, _adj._, pacific, peaceable, peaceful. =pacifiquement= (-fik-mān), _adv._, peacefully, peaceably, quietly. =pacotille=, _n.f._, (com.) venture, pack, bale, trumpery wares; quantity, stock; seaman’s venture. _Marchandises de —_; slops; slop-made, ready-made, cheap, goods; salework. =pacotiller=, _v.n._, to traffic in, _or_ take out, small ventures. =pacotilleur=, _n.m._, small sea-trader. =pacte=, _n.m._, compact, contract, pact, agreement. =pactiser=, _v.n._, to covenant, to make a compact with, to compound (with). =pactole=, _n.m._, Pactolus; (fig.) a source of great wealth. =padischa=, _n.m._, (_—s_) the Sultan of Turkey. =padou=, _n.m._, ferret, narrow tape. =padouane=, _n.f._, Paduan coin (imitation of an ancient medal). =paf=, _int._, slap! bang! _se_ =paffer=, _v.r._, (pop.) to booze, to get drunk. =pæan= (pé-an), _n.m._, pæan. =pagaie=, _n.f._, paddle (of a canoe). _Aller à la —_; (nav.) to paddle. _en_ =pagale=, _adv._, hurriedly, in disorder; in bulk, unpacked. =paganisme=, _n.m._, paganism, heathenism. =pagayer=, _v.a._ and _n._, (nav.) to paddle. =pagayeur=, _n.m._, paddler. =page=, _n.m._, page (person). _Être hors de —_; to be one’s own master. =page=, _n.f._, page (of a book). _Le haut_, _le bas_, _d’une —_; the top, the bottom, of a page. _Mettre en —s_; (print.) to make up, to click. _Metteur en —s_; clicker, maker-up. =pagination=, _n.f._, paging. =paginer=, _v.a._, to page, to folio. *=pagne=, _n.m._, cotton drawers (negro’s). *=pagnon=, _n.m._, black broadcloth. =pagode=, _n.f._, pagoda. _Manche —_; wide sleeve. =paie=, _n.f._ _V._ =paye=. =paiement= _or_ =paîment=, _n.m._ _V._ =payement=. =païen=, =-ne=, _n._ and _adj._, pagan, heathen. _Les dieux des —s_; the gods of the pagans. *=paillard=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, (l.ex.) wanton, lewd person, rake, boon-companion; lecherous, lewd, broad, racy. *=paillarder=, _v.n._, (l.ex.) to practise lewdness, to play the wanton. *=paillardise=, _n.f._, (l.ex.) lechery, lewdness, wantonness. *=paillasse=, _n.f._, straw mattress, palliasse; ticking, tick. =paillasse=, _n.m._, clown, merry-andrew. *=paillasson=, _n.m._, straw-matting; straw-mat; mat, door-mat; window pad. *=paille=, _n.f._, straw; chaff; flaw (of gems, of metals); (manu.) chip; mote. _Menue —_; chaff. _Brin de —_; bit of straw. _Botte de —_; truss _or_ bottle of straw. _Chapeau de —_; straw-hat. _Couleur —_; straw-colored. _Homme de —_; man-of-straw. _Un feu de —_; straw fire, sudden, short blaze. _Tirer à la courte —_; to draw lots, to draw cuts. _Rompre la — avec quelqu’un_; to fall out with any one. _Ce diamant a une —_; that diamond has a flaw in it. _Mourir sur la —_; to die a miserable death; to die in the gutter. _Être sur la —_; to be miserably poor. _Cela enlève la —_; that takes the cake. _Tout, — et blé_; everything, to the last penny. *=paille=, _adj. invariable_, straw-colored. *=paillé=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) diapered; covered with straw; flawy (of metals); straw-colored. *=paille-en-queue=, _n.m._, (_—_) tropic-bird, phaeton. *=pailler=, _n.m._, farm-yard, heap of straw, straw-rick, dunghill. _Chapon de —_; barn-door capon. _Être sur son —_; to be in one’s stronghold. *=paill-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, of farm-yards. *=paillet=, _adj._, pale (of red wine). *=pailleter=, _v.a._, to spangle. *=paillette=, _n.f._, spangle. *=pailleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, dealer in straw. *=pailleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, flawy (of metals). _Du fer —_; flawy iron. *=paillon=, _n.m._, wisp of straw, large spangle; bit of solder. =pain=, _n.m._, bread, loaf; cake (of color, etc.). _Un —_; a loaf. _Du —_; some bread. _Un petit —_; a roll. _— mollet_; soft bread. _Du — bis_; brown bread. _Du — frais_, _du — tendre_; new bread. _Du — rassis_; stale bread. _— de munition_; regulation bread. _— sans levain_; unleavened bread. _— de ménage_; home-made bread, household bread. _Manger son — blanc le premier_; to have the best of one’s life first, _or_ to have one’s happiest days over. _— chapelé_; rasped bread. _Il sait son — manger_; he knows how to shift for himself. _Ne pas valoir le — qu’on mange_; not to be worth one’s salt. _— quotidien_; daily bread. _Mettre à quelqu’un le — à la main_; to give any one his bread. _Avoir son — cuit_; to have a competency, to have enough to live on. _Avoir du — sur la planche_; to have saved money. _— de sucre_; sugar-loaf. _— de savon_; cake of soap. _— bénit_; consecrated bread. _C’est — bénit_; it serves him right. _C’est un long jour qu’un jour sans —_; ’tis a long lane that has no turning. _Un — à cacheter_; a wafer. _— d’épice_; gingerbread. _Tel grain tel —_; as you sow, you must mow. _Faire passer le goût du —_; (fam.) to kill, to do for. =pair=, _adj._, even (of numbers); similar. _Non —_; odd. _— ou non_; odd or even. =pair=, _n.m._, peer; equal; par; equality; fellow, equal footing, common level; (of birds) mate. _Le change est au —_; the exchange is at par. _Au —_; at par; not behindhand (with one’s task); with board and lodging, but no salary. _Être jugé par ses —s_; to be tried by one’s peers. _Sans —_; matchless. _Nous voilà — à —_; now, we are even. _De —_; on a par, on an equality. _Aller de — avec quelqu’un_; to go cheek by jowl with any one. _Marcher de — avec_; to be on an equal footing with. _Traiter quelqu’un de — à compagnon_; to be hail-fellow well met with any one. _Hors de —_; beyond comparison, beyond compare, above the level of others. =paire=, _n.f._, pair, brace, couple. _Une — de bœufs_; a pair of oxen. _Une — de ciseaux_; a pair of scissors. _Les deux font la —_; they are well-matched. =pairement= (pèr-mān), _adv._, (arith.) evenly. =pairesse=, _n.f._, peeress. =pairie=, _n.f._, peerage. =paisible=, _adj._, peaceable, peaceful, quiet, still, calm. _Sommeil —_; peaceful sleep. _Mener une vie —_; to lead a peaceful life. =paisiblement=, _adv._, peaceably, peacefully. =paisson=, _n.f._, pasture (in forests). =paître= (paissant, pu), _v.a._ and _n._, to graze, to feed, to tend. _Mener — des moutons_; to drive sheep to pasture. _Envoyer — quelqu’un_; to send any one about his business. _Allez —_; go about your business. _se_ =paître=, _v.r._, to feed (on). =paix=, _n.f._, peace; quiet; rest, stillness, silence; (c.rel.) osculatory, pax. _Troubler la — de_; to disturb the peace of. _Garder la —_; to keep the peace. _— fourrée_, _— plâtrée_; hypocritical peace, patched-up peace. _Laissez-moi en —_; let me alone. _Il a fait sa —_; he has made his peace. _Ne donner ni — ni trève à quelqu’un_; to leave no one any rest. _Donner_, _laisser_, _ficher la — à_; to leave any one alone; not to bother any one. =paix!= _int._, peace! be quiet! =pal=, _n.m._, (_—s_, or _paux_) pale, stake (punishment); (her.) pale. =paladin=, _n.m._, paladin, champion, knight-errant. _C’est un vrai —_; he is a perfect knight-errant. =palais=, _n.m._, palace; mansion; court of justice; law-courts; hall; palate (of the mouth); taste. _Terme de —_; law term. _Style du —_, _style de —_; law style. _— de justice_; law-courts. _Jour de —_; court day. =palan=, _n.m._, (nav.) tackle, hoisting gear. =palanche=, _n.f._, yoke (for carrying pails). =palançons=, _n.m.pl._, (mas.) props (to support mud-walls till they are dry). =palanque=, _n.f._, (fort.) blindage, blind; stockade. =palanquer=, _v.a._, to hoist, to haul on a tackle. =palanquin=, _n.m._, palanquin. =palastre=, _n.m._, case (of a lock). =palatale=, _n._ and _adj._ _f._, (gram.) palatal. =palatin=, =-e=, _adj._, Palatine. =palatin=, _n.m._, Palatine. =palatin=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) of the palate. =palatinat=, _n.m._, Palatinate. =palatine=, _n.f._, wife of a Palatine; Palatine princess; fur-tippet; tippet, victorine. =pale=, _n.f._, sluice, flood-gate; blade (of an oar); paddle-board; (c.rel.) pall; (orni.) spoon-bill. =pâle=, _adj._, pale, wan, pallid; ghastly. _— comme la mort_; as pale as death. _— de colère_; pale with rage. _Un peu —_; palish, somewhat pale. _Bleu —_; pale blue. _—s couleurs_; (med.) chlorosis, green-sickness. _Cet ouvrage est d’un style —_; the style of that work is tame _or_ colorless. =paléage=, _n.m._, shoveling. =palée=, _n.f._, row of stakes, of pales. =palefrenier= (pal-frē-nié), _n.m._, groom, ostler. =palefroi= (pal-froa), _n.m._, palfrey. =palémon=, _n.m._, prawn. =paléographe=, _n.m._, paleographer. =paléographie=, _n.f._, paleography (study of ancient writings). =paléontologie=, _n.f._, paleontology. =paléontologique=, _adj._, paleontological. =paléontologiste=, _n.m._, paleontologist. =paléothérium=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (foss.) paleotherium. =paleron= (pa-lron), _n.m._, shoulder-blade, shoulder-bone. =palestine=, _n.f._, (print.) two-line pica. =palestre=, _n.f._, (antiq.) palestra. =palestrique=, _adj._, (antiq.) palestrian, palestric. =palestrique=, _n.f._, (antiq.) palestra (exercises). =palet=, _n.m._, quoit. _Jouer au —_; to play at quoits. =paletot= (pal-to), _n.m._, paletot; great coat; overcoat. _— pilote_; pilot-coat. _— sac_; sack-coat. =palette=, _n.f._, battledore, racket, bat; (paint.) pallet; palette; (surg.) pallet; (gilding) pallet; (horl.) pallet; (tech.) float-board, blade. _Sentir la —_; to smack of the pallet. =palétuvier=, _n.m._, (bot.) mangrove, mangle; button-tree. =pâleur=, _n.f._, paleness, wanness, tameness, ghastliness. _— mortelle_; deathlike pallor. =pali=, _n.m._, (philol.) Pahli, Pali. _Etudier le —_; to study Pahli, the Pali language. =pâli=, =-e=, _adj._, grown pale. =palier=, _n.m._, landing; landing-place (of a staircase); stair-head, flat, floor. _Demeurer sur le même —_; to live on the same floor. _Un homme est fort sur son —_; every man is a king in his own house. =palière=, _n.f._, top-stair. _Porte —_; landing-door. =palification=, _n.f._, (engineering) palification, pile-driving. =palimpseste=, _n.m._, palimpsest. =palingénésie=, _n.f._, palingenesia, palingenesy, regeneration. =palinod=, _n.m._, palinod (verses made in honor of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin). =palinodie=, _n.f._, palinody, recantation. _Chanter la —_; (fam., fig.) to retract, to recant. =pâlir=, _v.n._, to grow, to turn, to become pale, to grow dim, to pale. _Son étoile pâlit_; his star is on the wane. _— sur les livres_; to pore over books. =pâlir=, _v.a._, to turn, to make pale; to bleach. _Le vinaigre pâlit les lèvres_; vinegar bleaches the lips. _Faire —_; to throw into the shade; to pale; to eclipse; to frighten. =palis=, _n.m._, pale, paling; inclosure, fence. =palissade=, _n.f._, palisade, paling; wooden fence; hedgerow; (fort.) stockade. =palissader=, _v.a._, to fence with palisades, to palisade; (fort.) to stockade, to line with trees. =palissage=, _n.m._, (hort.) paling or nailing up. =palissandre= _or_ =palixandre=, _n.m._, violet ebony, rosewood. =pâlissant=, _adj._, turning pale, waning. =palisser=, _v.a._, (hort.) to pale up, to train, to nail up. =palisson=, _n.m._, (furriers) softening-iron; softening-board. =paliure=, _n.m._, (bot.) dry hawthorn (for hedges). =palixandre=, _n.m._ _V._ =palissandre=. =palladium= (pal-la-diom), _n.m._, Palladium; (fig.) palladium; (chem.) palladium. =pallas= (pal-lâs), _n.f._, (astron.) Pallas. =palle=, _n.f._, (c.rel.). _V._ =pale=. =palliati-f=, =-ve= (pal-li-), _adj._, (med.) palliative. =palliatif=, _n.m._, palliative. =palliation= (pal-li-), _n.f._, palliation. =pallier= (pal-lié), _v.a._, to excuse; to palliate, to alleviate, to mitigate. =pallium= (pa-li-om), _n.m._, pallium, pall. =palma-christi=, _n.m._, (_—_) (bot.). _V._ =ricin=. =palmaire=, _adj._, (anat.) palmar; (orni.) webbed. =palmarès=, _n.m._, prize-list, programme (distribution of prizes). =palme=, _n.f._, palm, palm-tree; palm-branch; victory, triumph. _Remporter la —_; to bear away the palm. _La — du martyre_; the crown of martyrdom. _Huile de —_; palm-oil. =palme=, _n.m._, palm, hand’s breadth. =palmé=, =-e=, _adj._, palmated; webbed; fin-toed; (bot.) handed. =palmette=, _n.f._, palm-leaf (ornament). =palmier=, _n.m._, palm-tree, palm. _— en éventail_; macaw-tree. _— huileux_; palm-oil-tree. _— du Japon_, _— à sagou_; sago-tree. _— marin_; sea-palm-tree. _— nain_; dwarf-palm. =palmifère=, _adj._, (bot.) palmiferous. =palmipède=, _adj._, (orni.) palmiped, fin-footed, web-footed. =palmipède=, _n.m._, (orni.) palmiped. =palmiste=, _n.m._, (bot.) palmetto, cabbage-tree; (orni.) palm-squirrel. =palmite=, _n.m._, palm-sap. =palombe=, _n.f._, (orni.) wood-pigeon, ring-dove. =palonnier=, _n.m._, whipple-tree; (of a coach) swing-bar, pole. =palot=, _n.m._, (pop.) clown, clod-hopper, boor, bumpkin. =pâlot=, =-te=, _adj._, palish, rather pale. =palpable=, _adj._, palpable. =palpablement=, _adv._, palpably. =palpe=, _n.f._, (ent.) palp, feeler. =palpébral=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) palpebral. =palper=, _v.a._, to feel, to palp; to feel about; to pocket, to receive. _— de l’argent_; to finger money. _— l’eau_; to dip the oar. =palpitant=, =-e=, _adj._, palpitating, panting. _Cœur —_; throbbing, beating, heart. _Des membres —s_; quivering limbs. =palpitation=, _n.f._, palpitation; throbbing, throb; beating; quivering, quiver; thrill, flutter, fluttering. =palpiter=, _v.n._, to palpitate, to throb; to pant, to beat; to thrill, to quiver; to flutter. _Le cœur lui palpite_; his heart flutters. =palplanche=, _n.f._, sheeting-pile (mas.). =palsambleu!= =par la sambleu!= _int._, zounds! forsooth! (an oath peculiar to Louis XI.). =paltoquet=, _n.m._, clown, clownish fellow; nobody. =paludéen=, =-ne= (-dé-in, -dé-è-n), _adj._, paludal, marshy. _Fièvre —ne_; marsh-fever. =paludier=, _n.m._, salt-maker. =paludière=, _n.f._, salt-marsh. =palus= (-lûs), _n.m._, (geog.) marsh, moor, fen. =palustre=, _adj._, paludal. =pâmer=, _v.n._, to swoon away. _Faire — de rire_; to make any one split his sides with laughing, to make any one die with laughter. _se_ =pâmer=, _v.r._, to swoon away, to swoon; to faint, to faint away. _Se — de joie_; to be transported with joy. _Se — de rire_; to be ready to die with laughter, to split one’s sides with laughter. =pâmoison=, _n.f._, swoon, fainting fit, rapture. _Tomber en —_; to fall into a swoon, to swoon, to faint away. =pampa=, _n.f._, (_—s_ (-pass)), pampas. =pampe=, _n.f._, corn-blade. =pamphlet=, _n.m._, pamphlet. =pamphlétaire=, _n.m._, pamphleteer. =pampiniforme=, _adj._, (anat.) pampiniform. =pamplemousse=, _n.f._, (bot.) shaddock. =pampre=, _n.m._, vine-branch (full of leaves); vine-leaf; (arch.) pampre, vine-branch. =pan=, _n.m._, flap, lappet; skirt; large piece; stretch (of the sky); side, section (of a wall). _— d’un habit_; flap of a coat. _— de muraille_; large section of a wall. _— coupé_; (carp.) cant. _À —s coupés_; (carp.) cantwise. _Tour à six —s_; six-sided, six-fronted, tower. =pan!= _int._, slap! flap! smack! =panacée=, _n.f._, panacea, universal remedy, nostrum. =panache=, _n.m._, plume, bunch of feathers; (bot.) streaks of color (in a flower); cap, top (of a church lamp); (arch.) triangular part of an arch. _— de mer_; amphitrite. =panaché=, =-e=, _part._, plumed, tufted, striped, streaked, variegated. _Tulipe —e_, _rose —e_; striped tulip, striped rose. _Glace —e_; (cook.) mixed ice-cream. =panacher=, _v.a._, to plume, to streak, to variegate. _se_ =panacher=, _v.r._, to become streaked, to become striped, variegated; to be streaked, to be striped. =panachure=, _n.f._, (of flowers, fruit) variety of colors, variegation; streak. =panade=, _n.f._, (cook.) bread-soup. _se_ =panader=, _v.r._ _V._ _se_ =pavaner=. =panage=, _n.m._, pannage. =panais=, _n.m._, (bot.) parsnip. =panama=, _n.m._, Panama-hat. =panard=, _adj._, (of a horse) crook-legged. =panarine=, _n.f._, (bot.) whitlowwort. =panaris=, _n.m._, (med.) whitlow. =pancaliers=, _n.m._, (bot.) Pancaliers cabbage. =pancarte=, _n.f._, toll-table; tariff; paper, writing; placard, bill; visitor’s book. _De vieilles —s_; old writings. =pancrace=, _n.m._, (antiq.) pancratium. _Docteur —_; champion disputant. =pancréas= (-âs), _n.m._, (anat.) pancreas; sweet-bread. =pancréatique=, _adj._, (anat.) pancreatic. =pandanées=, _n.f.pl._, (bot.) pandanaceæ. =pandectes=, _n.f.pl._, (Roman jur.) pandects. =pandémonium= (-ni-om), _n.m._, (_—s_) pandemonium. =pandiculation=, _n.f._, (med.) pandiculation. =pandit=, _n.m._, (_—s_) Pandit, Pundit. =pandore=, _n.f._, Pandora. _La boîte de —_; (fig.) (prov.) the source of many evils. =pandour=, _n.m._, pandour (Hungarian soldier); marauder; coarse, brutal man. =pané=, =-e=, _part._, (cook.) covered with bread crumbs. _De l’eau —e_; toast and water. =panégyrique=, _n.m._, panegyric. =panégyriste=, _n.m._, panegyrist. =paner=, _v.a._, (cook.) to crumb, to cover with bread crumbs. =panerée= (pa-n-rée), _n.f._, basketful, hamperful. =paneterie= (pa-n-trî), _n.f._, pantry; bread-room. =panetier= (pa-n-tié), _n.m._, pantler, store-keeper. =panetière= (pa-n-tièr), _n.f._, bag _or_ satchel; pouch; scrip. =pangolin=, _n.m._, (mam.) pangolin, short-tailed manis, ant-eater. =panic=, _n.m._, (bot.) panic, panic-grass. =panicule=, _n.f._, (bot.) panicle. =paniculé=, =-e=, _adj._, paniculate, panicled. =panier=, _n.m._, basket, hamper, pannier; punnet, pottle; crate, creel; scuttle; beehive made of straw, etc.; hoop-petticoat. _— d’osier_; wicker-basket. _— à claire-voie_; open-worked basket. _— à salade_; basket, chaise; (pop.) prison van. _— roulant_; go-cart. _— au papier_; waste-paper basket. _— à ouvrage_; work-basket. _— percé_; spendthrift. _Adieu —s, vendanges sont faites_; you come too late, it is all over. _Voûte, à anse de —_; (arch.) elliptical vault. _Le dessus du —_; the pick, the best. _Le dessous du —_; the refuse. _Faire danser l’anser du —_; to cheat one’s masters, to take the market-penny. =panification=, _n.f._, panification, bread-making. =panifier=, _v.a._, to make bread. =panique=, _n.f._ and _adj._, panic, sudden fright. =panis= (pa-nis), _n.m._, (bot.) panic-grass. =panne=, _n.f._, shag, plush; fat; (carp.) purlin; face (of a hammer). _Culotte de —_; plush breeches. _En —_; lying to. _Être en —_; (nav.) to lie to. _Mettre en —_; (nav.) to bring to, to heave to. _Se tenir en —_; (nav.) to lie to. _Ce cochon n’a presque point de —_; this pig has scarcely any fat. _Être dans la —_; (pop.) to be hard up, to be in a hole and corner. =panné=, _adj._, (pop.) shabby, seedy, poor, penniless, hard up, needy. =panneau=, _n.m._, square, panel; snare, trap; pannel (of a saddle). _— de lambris_; wainscot panel; (hort.) glass-frame; (nav.) hatch. _— de porte_; panel of a door. _Donner dans le —_; to fall into the snare. =panneauter=, _v.n._, (hunt.) to set snares, to lay trap-nets. =pannelle=, _n.f._, (her.) poplar leaf. =panneton= (pa-n-ton), _n.m._, (locksmith’s work) key-bit; catch (of window fastenings); bread-pan. =pannicule=, _n.m._, (anat.) adipose membrane; cellular tissue. =panonceau=, _n.m._, scutcheon, escutcheon. =panoplie=, _n.f._, panoply; trophy. =panorama=, _n.m._, panorama. =panoramique=, _adj._, panoramic. =pan pan=, _onomatopœia_, rat-tat-tat; bang, slap, flap. =pansage=, _n.m._, dressing, rubbing, grooming (of horses). =panse=, _n.f._, paunch, belly; rumen, cud (of ruminating animals); lugger-boat (in V. Hugo). _Grosse —_; pot-belly, paunch. _Avoir les yeux plus grands que la —_; to have eyes bigger than one’s belly. _— d’A_; oval of an _a_. _Il n’a pas fait une — d’A_; he has done nothing at all, he has not done a stroke. =pansé=, =-e=, _part._, dressed. _Il est bien —_; he has had a square meal, _or_ his bellyful. =pansement= (pans-mān), _n.m._, dressing (of wounds); rubbing, grooming (of a horse). _V._ =pansage=. =panser=, _v.a._, to dress (wounds); to groom (a horse). =pansu=, =-e=, _adj._, pot-bellied, tun-bellied, big-bellied; bulging. =pantagruélique=, _adj._, Pantagruel; epicurean; insatiable; sumptuous. =pantagruélisme=, _n.m._, epicurism. =pantagruéliste=, _n.m._, epicure. =pantalon=, _n.m._, pantaloons, pair of pantaloons; trousers, pair of trousers; pantaloon (pantomime). _— collant_; tight trousers. _— rouge_; (fig.) French soldier. =pantalonnade=, _n.f._, pantaloon’s dance, buffoonery; false demonstration, make-believe, humbug. =pantelant=, =-e= (pan-tlān, -t), _adj._, panting, heaving; gasping. _Chair —e_; quivering flesh. =panteler= (pan-tlé), _v.n._, to gasp for breath, to pant. =pantenne= (-tè-n), _n.f._, punnet, draw-net. _Vergues en —_; (nav.) yards placed obliquely, and sails badly trimmed. _Vaisseau en —_; ship riding apeak. _Mettre en —_; to top up. =panthée=, _adj.f._, pantheistic. =panthéisme=, _n.m._, Pantheism. =panthéiste=, _n.m._, pantheist. =panthéistique=, _adj._, pantheistic, pantheistical. =panthéon=, _n.m._, pantheon; (in Paris) Pantheon (where the great dead are buried), the Westminster Abbey of France. =panthère=, _n.f._, (mam.) panther. =pantière= (-tièr), _n.f._, (hunt.) draw-net, shooting-pouch. =pantin=, _n.m._, dancing Jack, puppet; (b.s.) great gesticulator; trimmer, time-server. =pantographe=, _n.m._, pantograph. =pantographie=, _n.f._, pantography. =pantographique=, _adj._, pantographic, pantographical. =pantoiement=, _n.m._, (hawking) pantess. =pantois=, =-e=, _adj._, ☉panting, out of breath; short-winded, astonished, stupefied, aghast. =pantomètre=, _n.m._, (geom.) pantometer. =pantomime=, _n.m._, pantomime, pantomimist. =pantomime=, _n.f._, dumb-show; pantomime. =pantomime=, _adj._, pantomimic. =pantoufle=, _n.f._, slipper, slipper-shoe. _Être en —s_; to be in slippers. _Soulier en —_; slip-shod shoe, shoe down at heel. _Raisonner comme une —_; to reason like a jackass. _Fer à —_; panton-shoe, panton. =pantoufler=, _v.n._, to reason like a jackass. =pantouflerie=, _n.f._, stupid conversation; piece of nonsense, piece of absurdity. =pantouflier=, _n.m._, slipper-maker. =paon= (pan), _n.m._, (orni.) peacock; (astron.) Pavo. _— sauvage des Pyrénées_; ruff, reeve. _— bleu_; peacock-fish. _Queue-de-—_; (min.) iridescent sulphate of copper. =paonne= (pa-n), _n.f._, (orni.) pea-hen. =paonneau= (pa-nô), _n.m._, (orni.) pea-chick. =papa=, _n.m._, papa, dad. _Bon —_; grandpapa. =papal=, =-e=, _adj._, papal. =papas= (pa-pâ), _n.m._, pope (Greek priest). =papauté=, _n.f._, papacy, popedom, pontificate. =papavéracées=, _n.f.pl._, (bot.) papaveraceæ. =papaye=, _n.f._, (bot.) papaw (fruit). =papayer=, _n.m._, papaw-tree; papaw. =pape=, _n.m._, Pope; (orni.) papa. =papegai= (pap-ghè), _n.m._, (orni.) popinjay. =papelard= (pa-plar), _n.m._, (fam.) hypocrite. =papelard=, =-e=, _adj._, (fam.) hypocritical. _Air_, _ton_, _—_; sanctified air, tone. =papelardise= (pa-plar-dîz), _n.f._, (fam.) hypocrisy, sanctimoniousness. =papeline=, _n.f._, poplin. =papelonné=, _adj._, (her.) covered with scales. =paperasse= (pap-ras), _n.f._, old paper; waste paper; (b.s.) paper. =paperasser=, _v.n._, to rummage papers; to scribble away. =paperassier=, _n.m._, everlasting scribbler; rummager of old papers. =paperassi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, red-tape; formal. =papesse=, _n.f._, papess. _La — Jeanne_; Pope Jean. =papeterie= (pap-trî), _n.f._, paper-mill; paper-making; paper-trade; paper-manufacture; paper-manufactory; stationery; stationery box or case. _Magasin de —_; stationer’s shop. =papetier= (pap-tié), _n.m._, paper-maker; stationer. =papier=, _n.m._, paper. _— à écrire_; writing-paper. _— brouillard_; scribbling-paper. _— à lettres_; note-paper. _— gris_, _goudronné_; brown paper. _Main de —_; quire of paper. _Cahier de —_; paper-book; quarter of a quire. _— cassé_; outside sheets. _— chantonné_; wrinkled paper. _— serpent_, _— de soie_; silver-paper. _— dentelle_; lace-paper. _— blanc_; white paper, blank paper. _— collé_; sized paper. _— non collé_; unsized paper. _— mécanique_; machine-made paper, machine-paper. _— peint_, _— teint_; stained-paper. _— de verre_; glass-paper, sand-paper. _— soufflé_, _— velouté_; flock-paper. _— coquille_; demy paper, post-demy. _— Jésus_; super-royal paper, long-royal paper. _— pelure_; foreign paper, foreign post-paper. _— ministre_; petition-paper. _— buvard_; blotting-paper. _Couteau à —_; paper-knife, paper-cutter. _— à calquer_; tracing-paper. _— rayé_; striped paper. _— du Nil_; papyrus. _— naturel_; fossil-paper. ☉_—s-nouvelles_; newspapers. _—s de bord_; (nav.) ship’s papers. _Être bien dans les —s de quelqu’un_; to be in any one’s good books, good graces. _Être mal dans les —s de quelqu’un_; to be in any one’s bad books. _Rayez cela de vos —s_; strike that out of your books. _Brouiller_, _gâter_, _du —_; to waste, to spoil paper. ☉_—-journal_; (com.) day-book. _Payer en —_; to pay in bills. _— volant_; flying-sheet. _— timbré_; stamped paper. _—-monnaie_; paper-money. =papilionacé=, =-e=, or *=papillonacé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) papilionaceous. =papillaire=, _adj._, (anat.) papillary. =papille=, _n.f._, (anat.) papilla. *=papillon=, _n.m._, (ent.) butterfly; butterfly (pers.); (nav.) sky-sail. _— de nuit_; moth. _—s noirs_; the blues, spleen. =papillonner=, _v.n._, to flutter about; to hover; to trifle, to flirt. *=papillotage=, _n.m._, twinkling (of the eyes); putting in paper, in curl-papers (of the hair); glitter, tinsel; (print.) mackling, slurring. *=papillote=, _n.f._, curl-paper; sweetmeat in paper; chocolate drop; spangle (of gold _or_ silver); (cook.) paper. _Côtelette en —_; cutlet fried in paper. _Fer à —s_; curling-irons. *=papilloter=, _v.a._, to put hair in paper. *=papilloter=, _v.n._, to twinkle, to blink; to dazzle, to be gaudy; (print.) to slur. =papisme=, _n.m._, papism, popery. =papiste=, _n.m.f._, papist. =papiste=, _adj._, papistic, papistical; popish. =pappeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (bot.) downy, pappous. =papule=, _n.f._, (med.) papula, pimple. =papyracé=, =-e=, _adj._, thin and dry like paper; papyraceous. =papyrus=, _n.m._, (bot.) paper-rush; papyrus. =pâque=, _n.f._, Passover. =pâque= _or_ =pâques=, _n.m._, Easter. _Quinzaine de —s_; Passion-week and Easter week. _Semaine de —s_; Easter-week. In the following expressions Pâques is feminine plural: _—s fleuries_; Palm-Sunday. _—s closes_; Low-Sunday. _Faire ses —_; to receive the Sacrament (at Easter). =paquebot= (pak-bô), _n.m._, packet-boat, packet, liner; steamer. _— à vapeur_; steam-packet. _— de poste_; mail-packet. _Le — d’Angleterre_, _d’Espagne_; the English, the Spanish mail. =pâquerette=, _n.f._, (bot.) daisy, Easter-daisy. =paquet=, _n.m._, bundle, parcel; packet; mail; trick; mass; lump (pers.); (print.) slip. _Faire un —_; to make up a parcel. _Faire ses —s_; to pack up one’s traps, to pack up. _Hasarder_ or _risquer le —_; to chance it; to take the risk. _Faire ses —s pour l’autre monde_; to set out for the long journey, to kick the bucket. _Faire un — sur quelqu’un_; to backbite any one. _Donner un — à quelqu’un_; to play off a trick on any one. _Donner à quelqu’un son —_; to give the sack to any one; to silence any one. _Recevoir son —_, _recevoir ses —s_; to be discharged, to be sent to the right-about, to get the sack. _Cette femme est un vrai —_; that woman is a regular dowdy. =paqueter=, _v.a._, to bundle, to bind up in parcels, to roll up. =paquetier= (pak-tié), _n.m._, (print.) piecehand. =paquette=, _n.f._, (bot.) ox-eye daisy. =paqueur=, _n.m._, salt-fish packer. =pâquis=, _n.m._, feeding-ground; pasture. =par=, _prep._, by, through, out of, about, into, in, from, for, for the sake of, at, with; during. _De — le roi_; in the king’s name. _Il a fait cela — crainte_; he did it from fear, through fear. _Il entra — la porte_; he entered by the door. _Je compris — là_; I understood from that. _— passe-temps_; by way of diversion. _Cela se fait — tout pays_; that is done in all countries. _— où?_ which way? _— ici_; this way. _— là_; that way. _— deçà_; this side. _— delà_; that side. _— dedans_; within. _— dehors_; without. _—-devers_; by, with. _—-dessus_; over, above, over and above. _—-dessus les maisons_; above the houses. _—-dessous_; under, underneath. _— devant_; before, forwards. _— derrière_; behind, backwards. _— le haut_, _— en haut_; towards the top, upwards. _— le bas_, _— en bas_; downwards. _Prenez-le — le bras_; take his arm. _— le passé_; formerly. _—-ci —-là_; here and there; off and on. _— aventure_; by chance. _—-devant_; (jur.) in the presence of. _Il a passé — Paris_; he passed through Paris. _Se promener — les rues_; to walk about the streets. _Jeter — la fenêtre_; to throw out of the window. _Il faut en passer — là_; you must put up with it, you must come to that. _Elle finit — le persuader_; she, at length, persuaded him. _Distribuer — chapitres_; to divide into chapters. _Aller — bandes_; to go in companies. _Couper — morceaux_; to cut in pieces, into pieces. _Donner tant — tête_; to give so much per head. _Une guinée — soldat_; a guinea each soldier. _— soi-même_; by one’s self, unaided, unassisted. =para=, _n.m._, (_—s_) para, Turkish coin worth about half a penny. =parabase=, _n.f._, (antiq.) parabasis (prologue). =parabole=, _n.f._, (geom.) parabola; parable. _Les —s de Salomon_; the proverbs of Solomon. =parabolique=, _adj._, parabolic, parabolical. =paraboliquement= (-lik-mān), _adv._, parabolically. =paracentèse=, _n.f._, (surg.) paracentesis, tapping. ☉=parachèvement=, _n.m._, ending, finishing; completion, last touch. ☉=parachever=, _v.a._, to finish, to end, to complete, to put the finishing touch to. =parachronisme= (-kro-), _n.m._, parachronism. =parachute=, _n.m._, parachute. =paraclet=, _n.m._, (Bibl.) Paraclete, comforter. =parade=, _n.f._, parade; show, boast; state, pageant, pageantry; (fenc.) parade, parrying; (milit.) parade; burlesque scenes; outside shows (at fairs). _Chambre de —_; state-room. _Lit de —_; bed of state. _Faire — d’une chose_; to make a parade, a display, of anything. _Faire —_; (nav.) to dress a ship with flags. _Ne pas être heureux à la —_; not to be quick at repartee, to be a bad hand at repartee. _À la —_; (milit.) on parade. _Habit de —_; state, court, official dress. =parader=, _v.n._, to parade, to show off; to cruise. _Faire — un cheval_; to show off the paces of a horse. =paradigme=, _n.m._, (gram.) paradigm. =paradis=, _n.m._, paradise; (thea.) upper gallery, gods. _Le — terrestre_; earthly paradise. _Ce lieu-ci est un vrai —_; this place is a heaven on earth. _Oiseau de —_; bird of paradise. _Pomme de —_; apple of paradise. _Sur ma part du —_; as I hope to be saved. _Ne pas le porter en —_; to suffer for anything. =paradisier=, _n.m._, (orni.) bird of paradise. =paradoxal=, =-e=, _adj._, paradoxical. =paradoxalement=, _adv._, paradoxically. =paradoxe=, _n.m._, paradox. ☉=paradoxe=, _adj._, paradoxical. =paradoxisme=, _n.m._, (rhet.) paradoxy. =parafe= _or_ =paraphe=, _n.m._, flourish (added to one’s signature); initials and flourish; paraph, sign manual, signature. =parafer= _or_ =parapher=, _v.a._, to put one’s flourish, dash, _or_ initials to; to sign. =paraffine=, _n.f._, (chem.) paraffine. =parage=, _n.m._, (nav.) latitude, quarter; parts, place; (l.u.) extraction, descent, lineage; _pl._, seas. _De haute —_; of high degree. _Dans ces —s_; in these seas. =paragoge=, _n.f._, (gram.) paragoge. =paragogique=, _adj._, (gram.) paragogic, paragogical. =paragraphe=, _n.m._, paragraph. ☉=paraguante= (-gooant), _n.f._, present, tip, largesse, douceur. =paraître= (paraissant, paru), _v.n._, to appear, to make one’s appearance; to be seen, to be visible; to make a show, to make some figure; to seem, to look; to come out, to be published; (nav.) to heave in sight. _— en mer_; to loom. _Commencer à —_; to appear, to come in sight. _Ces raisons paraissent bonnes_; these reasons seem to be plausible. _Quand votre ouvrage paraîtra-t-il?_ when will your work be published? _Chercher à —_; to endeavour to make an appearance, to cut a figure. _Il n’y a rien qui n’y paraisse_; that is very evident, very clear. _Faire —_; to show; to discover, to exhibit. _Il paraît_; it appears. _Il y paraît_; there are appearances of it, it is evident. _Il n’y paraît pas_; one would not have thought it, there are no signs of it. _Il n’y paraît plus_; there is no trace of it. _Vient de —_; just out, just published. _Sans qu’il y paraisse_; without making any show. =paralipse=, _n.f._, (rhet.) paralipsis. =parallactique=, _adj._, (astron.) parallactic. =parallaxe=, _n.f._, (astron.) parallax. =parallèle=, _adj._, (geom.) parallel. =parallèle=, _n.f._, (geom.) parallel; (fort.) parallel. =parallèle=, _n.m._, parallel, comparison, simile; (geog.) parallel, circle of latitude. _Mettre en —_; to draw a parallel between, to compare. =parallèlement=, _adv._, parallelly, in parallel lines; comparatively. =parallélépipède= _or_ =parallélipipède=, _n.m._, (geom.) parallelopiped. =parallélisme=, _n.m._, parallelism. =parallélogrammatique=, _adj._, (geom.) parallelogrammic. =parallélogramme=, _n.m._, (geom.) parallelogram. _— articulé_; (mec.) parallel-joint. _— de Watt_; (mec.) parallel motion. =parallélographe=, _n.m._, parallel-ruler. =paralogisme=, _n.m._, paralogism. =paralysa-teur=, =-trice=, _adj._, _n.f._, paralyzing. =paralyser=, _v.a._, (med.) to paralyze; to render powerless, to paralyze. _Se —_; to become paralyzed, to paralyze each other. =paralysie=, _n.f._, (med.) paralysis, palsy. _Tomber en —_; to have a paralytic stroke. _Attaque de —_; paralytic stroke. =paralytique=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, paralytic; paralytical, palsied. =paramètre=, _n.m._, (geom.) parameter. =parangon=, _n.m._, ☉paragon, model; comparison, parallel; (jewelry) flawless stone, paragon. _Gros —_; (print.) double pica. _Petit —_; (print.) paragon. _Cela est sans —_; that is without a parallel, unparalleled. _Faire le — d’une chose avec une autre_; to compare one thing with another. =parangon=, _adj. invariable_, (jewelry) without defect, perfect, flawless. _Diamant —_; diamond without a flaw. =parangonnage=, _n.m._, (print.) ranging. =parangonner=, _v.a._, ☉to compare, to make a comparison of; (print.) to adjust, to range. =parant=, =-e=, _adj._, ornamental, decking, adorning, dressy. =parapet=, _n.m._, parapet, parapet-wall, breast-work. =paraphe=, =parapher=. _V._ =parafe=, =parafer=. =paraphernal=, =-e=, _adj._, (jur.) paraphernal. _Biens paraphernaux_; paraphernal property, paraphernalia. =paraphernaux=, _n.m.pl._, (jur.) paraphernalia, wife’s property. =paraphimosis= (-zîs), _n.m._, (surg.) paraphimosis. =paraphrase=, _n.f._, paraphrase; commentary, amplification. =paraphraser=, _v.a._ and _n._, to paraphrase, to comment, to amplify. =paraphraseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (b.s.) amplifier, paraphraser. =paraphraste=, _n.m._, paraphrast. =paraplégie=, _n.f._, (med.) paraplegia. =parapluie=, _n.m._, umbrella. _Canne_ (_f._) or _manche_ (_m._) _de —_; umbrella-stick. =parasange=, _n.f._, (antiq.) parasang (Persian measure of distance). =parasélène=, _n.f._, (astron.) paraselene. =parasite=, _n.m._, parasite; hanger-on; sycophant. =parasite=, _adj._, parasitic, parasitical; sycophantic; superfluous, redundant. _Plante —s_; parasitical plants. _Insectes —s_; parasitic insects. _Mots —s_; superfluous, redundant words. =parasitisme=, _n.m._, (med.) parasitism. =parasol= (-sol), _n.m._, parasol. _Plante en —_; umbelliferous plant. =paratitlaire=, _n.m._, (jur.) author of paratitla, summaries. =paratitles=, _n.m.pl._, (jur.) paratitla, paratitles, summaries, abridgments. =paratonnerre=, _n.m._, lightning-conductor; (nav.) marine conductor, conductor. =paravent=, _n.m._, screen, folding-screen. _Chinois de —_; guy; grotesque figure. _Comédie de —_; private performances, theatricals. =parbleu!= _int._, zounds! forsooth! =parc=, _n.m._, park; pen (for cattle); sheepfold; bed, breeding-ground (of oysters); (artil.) park; warren (for game); (agri.) sheepwalk; (nav.) locker. _— de construction_; shipyard. _Les murailles d’un —_; the walls of a park. =parcage=, _n.m._, folding (of sheep); penning (of cattle). =parcellaire=, _adj._, in _or_ by small portions, in detail. _Cadastre —_; register of lands divided into small portions. =parcellaire=, _n.m._, register of a survey in detail. =parcelle=, _n.f._, particle, portion; driblet, installment. _— du sol_; portion of the soil. _Payer par —s_; to pay by installments. =parceller=, _v.a._, to portion or parcel out. =parce que=, _conj._, because, inasmuch as, forasmuch as; why, wherefore. =parchemin=, _n.m._, parchment, skin. _pl._, titles of nobility; descent, pedigree. _Allonger le —_; to lengthen out deeds uselessly. _Il est fier de ses —s_; he is proud of his pedigree. =parcheminerie= (-mi-n-rî), _n.f._, parchment-making; parchment-factory; parchment-trade. =parcheminier=, _n.m._, parchment-maker. =parcimonie=, _n.f._, parsimony, sparingness. =parcimonieusement=, _adv._, parsimoniously, sparingly. =parcimonieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, parsimonious, sparing. =parcourir=, _v.a._, to travel over, to go over, to run over, to perambulate; to scour, to take a survey (of); to look over; to peruse; to turn over the leaves (of a book). _Il a parcouru toute l’Asie_; he has travelled all over Asia. _— la ville_; to scour, to look over the town. _— un livre_; to look through a book. _Je l’ai parcouru_; I have read it cursorily. =parcours=, _n.m._, line, distance, length, course, journey; road, way; commonage. _Faire le — entre_; to ply between. =pardessus=, _n.m._, overcoat, greatcoat. =pardon=, _n.m._, pardon, forgiveness; condonation. _pl._, (c.rel.) indulgences; fair (in Brittany); pilgrimage. _Je vous demande —_; I beg your pardon. _—_; excuse me; by your leave. =pardonnable=, _adj._ pardonable, excusable. =pardonné=, =-e=, _part._, pardoned, forgiven. =pardonner=, _v.a._, to pardon, to forgive, to overlook; to spare, to excuse; to condone; not to grudge. _— les offenses_; to forgive offenses. _— une erreur à quelqu’un_; to excuse an error in any one. _Pardonnez à ma franchise de vous dire cela_; excuse my frankness in telling you that. _Pardonnez-moi_; pardon me; excuse me. =paréage= _or_ =pariage=, _n.m._, (feudal law) joint possession. =pareaux=, _n.m.pl._, weights (of a fishing net). =parégorique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (med.) paregoric. *=pareil=, =-le=, _adj._, like, alike, equal; similar, such, like this, like that, like it. _Je n’ai rien vu de —_; I never saw the like. _Sans —_; peerless, matchless. _C’est un homme sans —_; he has not his match, his equal. _Comment pouvez-vous me dire chose —le_; how can you say or tell me such a thing. =pareil=, _n.m.f._, equal, fellow, match. _Il a trouvé son —_; he has found his match. _Fréquentez vos —s_; keep company with your equals. =pareille=, _n.f._, like _or_ similar treatment. _Rendre la — à quelqu’un_; to serve any one the same, to pay any one back in his own coin, to be even with any one; to return like for like. _Avoir le —_; to have one like (it), _or_ to have the fellow to (it). *=pareillement=, _adv._, similarly; in the same way, likewise, too. =parélie=. _V._ =parhélie=. =parelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) parella, patience. =parement= (par-mān), _n.m._, ornament; cuff; facing (of dress); cuff (of sleeves); large stick (of a fagot); (arch.) facing; altar-cloth; curb-stone. =parementer=, _v.a._, (arch.) to face. =parenchymateu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, parenchymatous. =parenchyme=, _n.m._, (anat., bot.) parenchyma; diploe (of leaves). =parénèse=, _n.f._, parenesis. =parénétique=, _adj._, parenetic. =parent=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, relation, relative; kinsman, kinswoman, kin. _pl._, parents, father and mother; relatives, relations, connections, kindred. _— paternel_; relation on the father’s side. _— maternel_; relation on the mother’s side. _Un bon ami vaut mieux qu’un —_; a good friend is better than a kinsman. _Grands-—_; grandfather and grandmother. _Proche —_; near relative; (jur.) next of kin. ☉=parentage=, _n.m._ _V._ =parenté=. =parenté=, _n.f._, relationship, consanguinity, kindred; relations, relatives, kinsfolk, connections, family. =parentèle=, _n.f._, (fam.). _V._ =parenté=. =parenthèse=, _n.f._, parenthesis, digression. _Par —_; by way of parenthesis, by-the-bye, by-the-way. _Entre —s_; in parenthesis. _Avoir les jambes en —_; (fam.) to be bandy-legged. =parer=, _v.a._, to adorn, to set off (against), to set out, to deck, to embellish; to attire; to trim; to shelter; to guard (against); to provide (against); to parry, to ward off; (nav.) to clear; to pare (horses’ hoofs). _— un coup_; to ward off a blow. _— du cuir_; to dress leather. _— du cidre_; to make cider ferment. _— un agneau_; to dress a lamb. _— un cap_; (nav.) to clear a cape. _— un câble_; to clear a cable. _— une ancre_; to clear an anchor. _— un enfant_; to dress out a child. _Il est assez paré de sa bonne mine_; his good looks set him off sufficiently. _— sa marchandise_; to set off one’s goods. _se_ =parer=, _v.r._, to adorn one’s self; to dress; to dress one’s self out; to screen, to guard one’s self; to assume; to make a show, to boast. _Elle se pare d’une manière ridicule_; she decks herself out in a ridiculous manner. =parer=, _v.n._, (fence.) to parry; to screen, to defend; to guard (against). _— et porter en même temps_; to parry and thrust at the same time. _On ne peut pas — à tout_; one can’t guard against everything. =parère=, _n.m._, (com.) opinion (of merchants on matters of commerce); (of insurance) report. =parésie=, _n.f._, (med.) slight palsy. =paresse=, _n.f._, idleness, sloth, laziness, indolence; weakness. _— d’esprit_; sluggishness of intellect, indolence of mind. =paresser=, _v.n._, to idle, to fritter away one’s time, to be idle. =paresseusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, lazily, idly, slothfully. =paresseu-x=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, sluggard, idle, lazy person; lazy, idle, slothful, sluggish, indolent; (of the stomach) weak; (of the bowels) sluggish. =paresseux=, _n.m._, (mam.) sloth. =pareur=, _n.m._, (tech.) finisher. =parfaire=, _v.a._, to perfect, to complete, to make up, to finish thoroughly. =parfait=, =-e=, _adj._, perfect, finished; accomplished, complete, full. _Accord —_; (mus.) perfect chord. _Cela est fait et —_; that is completely finished. =parfait=, _n.m._, perfection; (gram.) perfect. _Plusque-—_; pluperfect. _Au —_; (gram.) in the perfect. =parfaitement= (-fèt-mān), _adv._, perfectly, completely, exactly, just so, to be sure; decidedly. =parfilage=, _n.m._, unraveling, threading. =parfiler=, _v.a._ and _n._, to unravel; to pick out the threads of; to thread. =parfois=, _adv._, sometimes, occasionally, now and then. =parfond=, _n.m._, ground-net; ground-tackle. =parfondre=, _v.a._, to fuse (enamel). _se_ =parfondre=, _v.r._, to be fused. =parfournir=, _v.a._, to render complete, to make up. =parfum= (-fun), _n.m._, perfume, odor, scent, fragrance, flavor; bouquet (of wines). _Le — des fleurs_; the fragrance of flowers. =parfumé=, =-e=, _adj._, scented, savory, flavored. =parfumer=, _v.a._, to perfume, to sweeten, to scent; to fumigate. _se_ =parfumer=, _v.r._, to use perfumes, to scent one’s self. =parfumerie= (-fu-mrî), _n.f._, perfumery. =parfumeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, perfumer. =parfumoir=, _n.m._, perfuming-pan; fumigator. =parhélie= _or_ =parélie=, _n.m._, parhelion, mock-sun. =pari=, _n.m._, bet, wager, stake. _Faire un —_; to lay a bet. _Tenir le —_; to take the bet. =paria=, _n.m._, pariah, outcast. =pariade=, _n.f._, pairing-time (of partridges). =parier=, _v.a._, to bet, to lay a wager, to stake; to undertake to say, to be almost certain. _Il y a à —_; the odds are. _C’est à — dix contre un_; it is ten to one. _— pour quelqu’un_; to back any one. _J’en parierais ma tête_; I would bet anything, stake my head (upon it). =pariétaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) parietary. =pariétal=, _adj.m._, (anat.) parietal. =pariétal=, _n.m._, (anat.) parietal-bone. =parieur=, _n.m._, wagerer, bettor, betting-man. =paris=, _n.m._, Paris (fig.). _Monsieur de —_; Jack Ketch. _Premier —_; leading article. _Prendre — pour Corbeil, le Pirée pour un homme_; not to know a hawk from a handsaw. =parisette=, _n.f._, (bot.) paris, true-love. =parisien=, =-ne=, _n._ and _adj._, Parisian. =parisienne=, _n.f._, (print.) pearl; Parisienne (patriotic song). ☉=parisis= (-zîs), _adj._, of Paris (of coin). =parisyllabique= (-sil-la-bik), _adj._, (gram.) parisyllabic. =parité=, _n.f._, parity, likeness, equality; comparison, parallel case. =parjure=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, perjurer; perjured, forsworn. =parjure=, _n.m._, perjury, false oath. _se_ =parjurer=, _v.r._, to perjure, _or_ to forswear, one’s self; to be forsworn. =parlage=, _n.m._, empty talk, prattle, twaddle. =parlant=, =-e=, _adj._, speaking; talkative, chatty; (her.) allusive, canting. _Ce portrait est —_; that is a speaking likeness. _Cet homme est peu —_; that man is not talkative, is very reticent. =parlement=, _n.m._, parliament; court. _Contraire aux usages du —_; unparliamentary. =parlementaire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, bearer of a flag of truce; parliamentarian; parliamentary. _Un vaisseau —_; a cartel-ship. =parlementer=, _v.n._, to parley, to come to a parley, to come to terms. =parler=, _v.n._, to speak, to talk, to commune, to discourse, to converse, to talk about, to mention, to say, to tell. _Façon de —_; mode of speaking, manner of speech. _— à l’oreille_; to whisper. _— en public_; to speak in public. _— trop_; to speak too much. _Sans — de_; without mentioning, to say nothing of. _Il parle mal de vous_; he speaks ill of you. _Faire — de soi_; to get one’s self talked about. _— à un sourd_; to speak to a post. _Cela ne vaut pas la peine d’en —_; it is not worth mentioning. _Cela parle tout seul_; the thing speaks for itself. _Il en parle bien à son aise_; it is easy for him to say so. _Je lui apprendrai à —_; I will teach him to govern his tongue. _Il trouvera à qui —_; he will find his match. _— en l’air_; to talk at random. _— à cheval à quelqu’un_; to speak imperiously to any one, to dictate to any one. _— de la pluie et du beau temps_; to talk of indifferent matters. _— d’abondance_; to speak on the spur of the moment, extempore. _Il a bien fait — de lui_; he has got himself much talked about. _— en maître_; to speak peremptorily. _Trop gratter cuit_, _trop — nuit_; least said, soonest mended; speech is silvern, silence is golden. _Sans — de_; without mentioning, to say nothing of. =parler=, _v.a._, to speak (a language). _— français_; to speak French. _Il parle bien sa langue_; he speaks his language well. _Parlez-moi de cela!_ now that’s something like! _Ne m’en parlez pas, par exemple!_ I can vouch for the truth of it! _Moi qui vous parle_; I, my very own self. _se_ =parler=, _v.r._, to speak to each other; to be spoken (of languages). _Elles se parlent des yeux_; they speak to each other with their eyes. =parler=, _n.m._, speech, utterance, way _or_ manner of speaking; language, accent. _Avoir son franc —_; to be outspoken; not to mince matters; to speak one’s mind. _Jamais beau — n’écorche la langue_; fair words are always the best; civility costs nothing. =parlerie=, _n.f._, prating, chatter, talkativeness. =parleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, speech-maker, talker. _Un beau —_; a good speaker. =parli-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, (l.u.) talkative. =parloir=, _n.m._, parlor. =parlote=, _n.f._, resort of gossips; gossiping club; debating-society. =parloter=, _v.n._, to chatter, to talk twaddle; to gossip; to practice speaking. =parmentière= (-tièr), _n.f._, (bot.) potato. =parmesan=, _n.m._, Parmesan cheese. =parmi=, _prep._, among, amongst, amid, amidst. =parnasse=, _n.m._, Parnassus. _Le — français_; French poetry, the French poets. =parnassien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, Parnassian. =parnassien=, _n.m._, (jest.) son of Parnassus, poet. =parodie=, _n.f._, parody. =parodier=, _v.a._, to parody. =parodiste=, _n.m._, author of a parody. =paroi=, _n.f._, wall, partition; side, casing, outer side; (anat.) coat, wall. _Les —s d’un vase_; the inner sides of a vase. _Les —s de l’estomac_; the coating, the wall of the stomach. _La — d’un rocher_; the outer side of a rock. =paroisse=, _n.f._, parish, parish-church; parishioners. _Être de deux —s_; not to be fellows (of things). =paroissial=, =-e=, _adj._, parochial, parish. =paroissien= (-in), _n.m._, =-ne= (-è-n), _n.f._, parishioner. =paroissien=, _n.m._, church-service; prayer-book. _C’est un pauvre —_; he is a poor sort of a fellow. =parole=, _n.f._, word; speech, language; saying, sentiment; utterance, voice; eloquence; promise; trust; (milit.) parole. _Il traîne ses —s_; he drawls his words. _Il a perdu la —_; he has lost the use of his tongue. _Porter la —_; to speak, to be the spokesman. _Adresser la — à quelqu’un_; to address any one. _Prendre la —_; to begin to speak, to address the house, to be speaking; to have one’s turn to speak (in Parliament). _Avoir la —_; to be allowed to speak; to be upon one’s legs, to be in possession of the House; to catch the speaker’s eye (in Parliament). _Demander la —_; to request permission to speak; (parliamentary) to rise to order. _Céder la —_; to decline speaking, to give up one’s turn to speak. _Couper la — à quelqu’un_; to interrupt any one speaking. _—s mémorables_; notable sayings. _Il a la — lente_; his utterance is slow _or_ he is slow of utterance. _Il a la — tremblante_; his voice falters. _La puissance de la —_; the might of eloquence. _Engager sa —_; to promise, to pledge one’s word. _Tenir —_, _sa —_; to keep one’s word, to be as good as one’s word. _Donner sa —_; to give one’s word. _Dégager sa —_; to recall one’s word. _Se dédire de sa —_, _manquer de —_, or _manquer à sa —_; to go from, to break, one’s word. _Il est prisonnier sur —_; he is a prisoner on parole. _Il est homme de —_; he is a man of his word. _— d’honneur_; word of honor. _Ils ont eu des —s_; words passed between them. _Se prendre de —s_; to have words. _Un homme d’honneur n’a que sa —_; an honest man’s word is as good as his bond. =paroli=, _n.m._, double stake (at faro, &c.). _Faire —_; to double. _Rendre le — à quelqu’un_; to outdo any one. =paronomase=, _n.f._, paronomasia. =paronomasie=, _n.f._, resemblance between words of different languages. =paronychie=, _n.f._, (med.) paronychia, whitlow. =paronyme=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (gram.) paronym; paronymous. =paronyque=, _n.f._, (bot.) whitlowwort. =parotide=, _n.f._ and _adj._, (anat.) parotid, parotid gland _or_ artery; (med.) parotitis, mumps; parotid. =parotidien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, (anat.) parotid. =parotidite=, _n.f._, (med.) parotitis, mumps; (vet.) vives. =paroxysme=, _n.m._, (med.) paroxysm, fit; (fig.) height, acme. =parpaing= (-pin), _n.m._, (mas.) perpend-stone. =parque=, _n.f._, (myth.) Fate, fatal sister. _pl._, Fates. =parquer=, _v.a._, to fold, to pen, to pen up, to inclose; to surround; (artil.) to park. _— des bœufs_; to pen cattle. _— des moutons_; to fold sheep. _se_ =parquer=, _v.r._, to be placed in an inclosure; (artil.) to be parked; to be pent up. =parquer=, _v.n._, to be penned, to be penned up (of cattle); (artil.) to be parked. =parquet=, _n.m._, bar (of a court of justice); office of the public prosecutor; body of magistrates; wood flooring (of rooms); back (of a looking-glass); (nav.) locker. _— à boulets_; (nav.) shot-locker. =parquetage=, _n.m._, flooring; inlaid-flooring. =parqueter=, _v.a._, to floor, to inlay. =parqueterie= (-kè-tri), _n.f._, parquetry, inlaid flooring. =parqueteur=, _n.m._, floor-layer. =parrain=, _n.m._, godfather, sponsor; introducer; ☉second (in a duel). =parricide=, _n.m._ and _adj._, parricide; matricide; parricidal; matricidal; murderous. =parse= _or_ =parsi=, _n.m._ and _adj._, Parsee. =parsemer=, _v.a._, to strew, to spread, to sprinkle; to intersperse, to stud, to dot, to spangle. _— un chemin de fleurs_; to strew a path with flowers. _Le ciel est parsemé d’étoiles_; the sky is studded with stars. =part=, _n.f._, share, part, portion; concern, interest; part, side, concern. _Voilà votre —, voici la mienne_; there is your share, here is mine. _Être de — avec quelqu’un_; to go shares with any one. _Faire la — à quelqu’un_; to give any one his share. _Faire la — du feu_; to circumscribe the fire; (fig.) to allow for necessary losses. _Entrer en — avec quelqu’un_; to go shares with any one. _Mettre de —_; to give a share (in a business); to take in as partner. _Avoir — à quelque affaire_; to have a share in any business. _Avoir — au gâteau_; to share in the profits of anything, to have a finger in the pie. _Prendre — à_; to participate in, to be a party to. _Faire part de quelque chose à quelqu’un_; to give any one a share of anything; to apprise any one of anything. _Billets de faire —_; circular letters to announce a birth, a death, &c. _Faire la — des accidents_; to make allowance for accidents. _Prendre en bonne —_; to take in a good sense. _Prendre en mauvaise —_; to take amiss. _Je le sais de bonne —_; I have it from a good source; I know it on good authority. _Dites-lui de ma —_; tell him from me. _Saluez-le de ma —_; remember me to him. _Je prends cela de la — d’où il vient_; I take it from whence it comes. _Je vais quelque —_; I am going somewhere. _On ne le trouve nulle —_; he is not to be found anywhere. _Autre —_; somewhere else. _Nulle —_; nowhere. _En quelque — que_; wherever. _D’une — il considérait que_; on one side he considered that. _De — et d’autre_, _de toutes —s_; on either side, on all sides. _De — en —_; through and through. _À —_; apart, aside. _Mettre à —_; to set apart. _Il le tira à —_; he took him aside. _C’est un fait à —_; that is a particular case. _Raillerie à —_; in good earnest, joking aside. =part= (part), _n.m._, (jur.) parturition, delivery; child, infant, birth. =partage=, _n.m._, share, lot, portion; apportionment; partition; sharing, distribution, division. _— égal_; equal division. _Faire le — du butin_; to divide the spoils. _La prudence est le — des vieillards_; prudence is proper to old age. _Faire le — de_; to divide. _Être le — de_; to be the lot of. _Tomber_, or _échoir_, _en — à_; to fall to the lot of. =partageable= (-jabl), _adj._, divisible into shares. =partageant= (-jān), _n.m._, (jur.) sharer. =partager=, _v.a._, to share; to give a share; to divide, to parcel, to portion, to distribute; to partake of, to participate in, to take part in. _Partagez cela entre vous_; divide that between you. _— le butin_; to share the spoils. _Les avis se trouvent partagés_; the votes are divided. _Il faut — le différend_; we must split the difference. _Je partage votre joie_; I participate in, _or_ share, _or_ am a sharer in, your joy. _se_ =partager=, _v.r._, to divide, to be divided, to part; to divide one’s time _or_ affection, etc., between. =partager=, _v.n._, to share, to receive a share. _Il est bien partagé_; the fates have been kind to him, _or_ his bread is well buttered. =partance=, _n.f._, (nav.) sailing, departure. _Coup de —_; signal for sailing; sailing-gun. _En —_; on the point of sailing, _or_ about to sail. =partant=, _adv._, consequently, hence; therefore, and therefore, thus. =partenaire=, _n.m.f._, partner (at cards _or_ dancing). =parterre=, _n.m._, flower-bed, garden-plot; (thea.) pit; audience, public. _Réjouir le —_; to please the audience. _Aller au —_; to go into the pit. =parthe=, _n._ and _adj._, parthian. =parthénogénèse=, _n.f._, (ent.) parthenogenesis. =parthénon=, _n.m._, Parthenon. =parti=, _n.m._, party, side, part, cause; resolution, choice, ways, means, expedient, course, method; offer, condition; use, advantage; calling, profession; (milit.) detachment; match (marriage). _Chef de —_; leader of a party. _Entrer dans un —_; to join a party. _Être du bon —_; to be on the right side. _Être du — de_; to be on the side of. _Prendre le — de quelqu’un_; to take any one’s part, to side with any one. _Homme de —_; party man. _Esprit de —_; party spirit. _Il a pris son —_; he has made up his mind. _J’ai pris le — de me taire_; I chose to be silent. _C’est un — pris_; it is a foregone conclusion, a fixed determination. _À — pris, point de conseil_; when a man’s mind is made up, advice is useless. _Voilà le — qu’il nous faut prendre_; this is what we must do _or_ the course we must take. _C’est le — le plus court_; that is the shortest way. _C’est un bon —_; it is a very good offer. _Faire un mauvais — a quelqu’un_; to do harm to any one. _Il cherche à tirer — de tout_; he endeavors to turn everything to account. _Il a épousé un bon —_; he has made a good match. _Tirer le meilleur — de quelque chose_; to make the best of anything. _En prendre son —_; to resign one’s self to anything (to the inevitable). _De — pris_; deliberately. _Tirer — de_; to make the best of; to turn to account. _C’est un — pris chez lui_; he will do it. =partiaire= (-ci-èr), _adj._, (jur.) farmer who gives a portion of the produce of the land for rent. =partial=, =-e= (-ci-al), _adj._, partial, biased. =partialement= (-cial-mān), _adv._, partially, with partiality. _se_ =partialiser= (-cia-li-), _v.r._, to be partial _or_ biased. =partialité= (-cia-li-), _n.f._, partiality, bias. _in_ =partibus=, _adv._, in partibus. _Un évêque in —_; a bishop in partibus. =participant=, =-e=, _adj._, participating. =participant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, participant, sharer. =participation=, _n.f._, participation, privity, share; knowledge. _La — aux droits_; the participation of rights. _Cela s’est fait sans ma —_; that was done without my knowledge. =participe=, _n.m._, (gram.) participle. =participer=, _v.n._, to partake (of), to participate, to share, to have a share in, to be a party to. _Je participe à votre douleur_; I take part in _or_ share your sorrow. _Le mulet participe du cheval et de l’âne_; the mule partakes of both the horse and the ass. =particulariser=, _v.a._, to particularize. =particularisme=, _n.m._, (rel. pol.) particularism. =particulariste=, _n.m._, (pol.) particularist. =particularité=, _n.f._, particular, particularity; peculiarity, circumstance. =particule=, _n.f._, particle. =particuli-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, particular, peculiar, private; circumstantial, singular, appropriate, special; specific; express. _L’intérêt — doit céder à l’intérêt général_; private interest must give way to public interest. _On lui a donné une chambre —ère_; they gave him a private room. _Le cas est fort —_; the case is altogether singular. _Il a un talent —_; he has a peculiar talent. =particulier=, _n.m._, particular individual, private individual, civilian; (pop.) fellow. _Ce n’est qu’un simple —_; he is only a private individual. _Que nous veut ce —?_ what does that fellow want with us? _En —_; in particular, in private. _Être en son —_; to be in one’s own room. _Il faut le voir en —_; you must see him privately. _En mon —_; as for me. =particulièrement= (-lièr-mān), _adv._, particularly, peculiarly, especially. =partie= (-tî), _n.f._, part, match, game; project, plan, scheme; line of business; client, adversary; (com.) parcel; ☉(bookkeeping) entry; (play) game; party; contracting party. _pl._, pudenda. _Air à quatre —s_; tune in four parts. _Tenir bien sa —_; to act one’s part well. _Vous en êtes en — cause_; you are partly the cause of it. _Faire une — de piquet_; to play a game at piquet. _— nulle_; drawn game. _— liée_; rubber, (racing) heats. _— d’honneur_; conqueror. _— de plaisir_; pleasure trip. _— publique_; public prosecutor, crown. _C’est — remise_; the pleasure is only deferred. _Un coup de —_; masterly stroke, decisive blow. _La — n’est pas égale_; it is not an equal match. _Quitter la —_; to give up, to throw up the game. _Voulez-vous être de la —?_ will you be one of us? _Lier une —_; to make up _or_ fix up a party (for amusement). _— carrée_; pleasure party consisting of two gentlemen and two ladies. _— fine_; select party _or_ few friends. _— intéressée_; party concerned. _Avoir affaire à forte —_; to have to deal with more than one’s match. _Qui n’entend qu’une — n’entend rien_; he who hears one side only, hears nothing. _— double_; (bookkeeping) double entry. _— simple_; (bookkeeping) single entry. _En —_; partly, in part. _En grand —_; in a great measure. _— bien, — mal_; partly well, partly ill. _Prendre à —_; to take to task. _Se porter — contre_; (jur.) to appear against. =partiel=, =-le= (-ci-èl), _adj._, partial. =partiellement= (-cièl-mān), _adv._, partially, by instalments; in part. =partir= (partant, parti), _v.n._, to set out, to start, to go, to go away, to depart; to be off, to spring (of birds); to come, to proceed; to flow from; to go off (of firearms). _— du port_; to sail from the harbor. _Faire —_; to send off, to dispatch (troops). _Il part comme l’éclair_; he is off like lightning. _Faire — un lièvre_; to start a hare. _— d’un éclat de rire_; to burst into a fit of laughter. _— comme un trait_; to dart off like an arrow. _La bombe part du mortier_; the bomb is shot from the mortar. _Cela part d’un bon cœur_; that flows from a good heart. _À — de_; from, beginning from, reckoning from. _A — du règne de_; from the reign of. _À — d’aujourd’hui_; from this day forward; from to-day. =partir=, _v.a._, to part, to divide. [Only used in: _Ils ont toujours maille à —_; they are always squabbling.] _Avoir maille à — avec_; to have a bone to pick with. =partir=, _n.m._, (man.) start; going, leaving. =partisan=, _n.m._, partisan. =partiti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) partitive. =partition=, _n.f._, partition, division; (mus.) score. =partner=, _n.m.f._, (_—s_). _V._ =partenaire=. =partout=, _adv._, everywhere, all over, on all sides. _— où_; wherever. =parturition=, _n.f._, (med.) parturition. =paru=, =-e=, _adj._, appeared, published, out. =parure=, _n.f._, attire, dress, finery, ornament. _— de diamants_; set of diamonds. _Meubles de même —_; furniture that matches. =parvenir=, _v.n._, to attain, to arrive, to come, to get (at), to reach, to succeed, to rise, to get on, to make one’s way; to reach the ears of. _— à ses fins_; to attain one’s ends. _Faire —_; to forward, to send to any one. =parvenu=, =-e=, _part._, arrived, reached. =parvenu=, _n.m._, parvenu, upstart. =parvis=, _n.m._, parvis, open space (in front of a church); outer sanctuary, cathedral court; (poet.) inclosure, hall, temple. =pas=, _n.m._, step, pace; footstep, stride, walk, gait; progress, precedence; pains, trouble, labor; threshold, passage; passage (of arms). _Marcher d’un — léger_; to walk with a light step. _Il le suit — à —_; he follows him step by step. _À petits —_; slowly; with short steps. _Il n’y a qu’un —_; it is but a step from here. _Il marche à grands —_; he takes long strides. _Marcher à — comptés_; to walk very slowly. _Faire un — en arrière_; to draw back a little. _Aller_, _marcher_, _à — de loup_; to go softly, stealthily, without noise. _Retourner sur ses —_; to go back, to retrace one’s steps. _Aller à — mesurés_; to proceed with circumspection. _Au —_; walking, at a walking pace; in time. _Faire un faux —_; to make a false step. _— de clerc_; blunder. _Avoir le —_; to have precedence (of). _De ce —_; directly, at once. _Mettre un cheval au —_; to walk a horse, to rein in a horse (to a foot pace). _Mettre au —_; to discipline; to bring any one into line; to recall any one to his duty, to put any one on his good behavior. _— accéléré_; (milit.) quick time, quick march. _— redoublé_; (milit.) double quick time. _Marcher sur les — de quelqu’un_; to tread in any one’s footsteps. _Se tirer d’un mauvais —_; to get out of a scrape. _Sauter le —_; to take a resolution; (fam.) to kick the bucket. _— d’une vis_; furrow of a screw. _— de fusée_; (horl.) turn of a fusee. _Aller au —_; to walk (of a horse). _Y aller de ce —_; to go (anywhere) directly, at once. _Ce n’est que le premier — qui coûte_; in everything the beginning is the difficulty. =pas=, _adv._, no; not, not any. _— un_; not one. _Je ne veux —_; I will not. _— du tout_; not at all. _Presque —_; scarcely any. _Je n’ai — de livre_; I have no book. =pascal=, =-e=, _adj._, paschal. =pas-d’âne=, _n.m._, (_—_) sharp bridle-bit; basket-hilt (of a sword); (bot.) colt’s-foot. =pasigraphie=, _n.f._, pasigraphy. =pasquin=, _n.m._, pasquin. =pasquinade=, _n.f._, pasquinade, lampoon. ☉=pasquiniser=, _v.a._, to lampoon, to satirize. =passable=, _adj._, passable, tolerable, middling, decent. =passablement=, _adv._, passably, tolerably, indifferently, middlingly. =passade=, _n.f._, passing, short stay; (fig.) passing fancy, temporary connection; (man.) passade, ducking. _Je ne suis que de — à Paris_; I am only making a short stay in Paris. =passage=, _n.m._, passage; arcade; thoroughfare, crossing; transition, transit; passage-money; toll; lane, court; gateway, archway. _Oiseaux de —_; birds of passage. _— à niveau_ (railways); level crossing. _Otez-vous du —_; stand out of the way. _Se faire —_ or _s’ouvrir un —_; to make, to cut, one’s way through. _Attendre_, or _guetter_, _au —_; to lie in wait for, to waylay, to wait for any one on his way. _Barrer le —_; to bar, to stand in the way. _Céder le — à_; to let pass first. _Livrer — à_; to make way for. =passager=, _v.a._ and _n._, (man.) to passage. _— un cheval_; to passage a horse. =passag-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, passing, transient, transitory, fugitive, fleeting, short-lived, momentary; migratory. =passag-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, passenger; person passing through; traveler; passer-by. =passagèrement= (-jèr-mān), _adv._, transiently, for a moment. =passant=, _n.m._, passenger, passer-by; wayfarer, traveler. =passant=, =-e=, _adj._, open, much frequented; (of colors) fading. _Un chemin —_; a much frequented thoroughfare. _Une rue —e_; a much frequented street. _En —_; going along; on the way; (fig.) by the way. _Disons le en —_; let us say so by the way. =passation=, _n.f._, (jur.) drawing up a title-deed, a contract, passing (of contracts). =passavant=, _n.m._, pass, permit (of the custom-house); (nav.) gangway. =passe=, _n.f._, pass, situation, state, case; (print.) overplus; (fenc.) pass, passado, thrust; port (at billiards); channel, passage (of harbors, of rivers); odd money; stake (at play); (geog.) track. _Être en — d’avoir quelque emploi_; to be in a fair way to procure employment. _Il est en fort belle —_; he has a very fine prospect before him. =passe=, _adv._, let it be so. _— encore pour cela_; well, well, let that be too; well and good. =passé=, =-e=, _part._, past, gone, over; dead, vanished; faded, worn, out of use; withered. _Il a trente ans —s_; he is over thirty. _La pluie est —e_; the rain is over. =passé=, _n.m._, past, past life, time past, things past; (gram.) past tense. =passé=, _prep._, except; after. =passe-campane=, _n.f._, (_—_) (vet.) capellet. =passe-carreau=, _n.m._, (_—-—x_) sleeve-board. =passe-cheval=, _n.m._, horse ferry-boat. =passe-debout=, _n.m._, (_—_) permit for transit. =passe-dix=, _n.m._, (_—_) passage (play). =passe-droit=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) favor; injustice, wrong. =passée=, _n.f._, (hunt.) flight, passage (of woodcocks). _Tuer des bécasses à la —_; to shoot woodcocks as they fly by. =passe-fleur=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (bot.) a species of anemone. =passéger=, _v.n._ _V._ =passager=. =passe-lacet=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) bodkin. =passement= (pâs-mān), _n.m._, lace (of gold, silk, etc., for clothes _or_ furniture). =passementer= (pâs-man-té), _v.a._, to lace (clothes, furniture). =passementerie= (pâs-man-trî), _n.f._, lace, lace-making, lace-trade. =passementi-er= (-tié), _n.m._, =-ère= (-tièr), _n.f._, lace-maker, lace-man, lace-woman. *=passe-méteil=, _n.m._, meslin (mixture of wheat and rye). =passe-parole=, _n.m._, (_—_) (milit.) pass-parole. =passe-partout=, _n.m._, (_—_) master-key, pass-key, latch-key; (engr.) passe-partout; (print.) factotum; compass-saw. _L’argent est un bon —_; money opens most doors. =passe-passe=, _n.m._, (_—_) sleight of hand. _Tour de —_; legerdemain; hocus-pocus. =passe-pied=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) passe-pied (dance). =passe-pierre=, _n.f._, (_—_, or _—-—s_), samphire, sea-samphire. =passepoil=, _n.m._, piping (for clothes). =passe-pomme=, _n.f._, jenneting. =passeport=, _n.m._, passport; pass; (fig.) recommendation. =passer=, _v.n._, to pass, to pass on, to pass along, to pass away; to die, to expire; to pass for, to be considered; to pass muster; to fade (of flowers). _Cette fleur est passée_; that flower is faded. _— en sautant_; to skip over. _— par_; to pass through. _Laisser —_; to overlook. _Il a passé par la ville_; he passed through the town. _Passez par ici_; come this way. _— outre_; to go beyond; (fig.) to move the previous question. _Il a passé par de rudes épreuves_; he has gone through severe trials. _Mes beaux jours sont passés_; my best days are over. _La fantaisie m’en est passée_; I have no desire for it now. _Faire —_; to let in, to admit; to pass on, to pass off; to hand round, to forward; to infuse, to instill; to while away (of time). _Faire — un mal_; to cure an illness. _Il passera un jour par mes mains_; some day or other he will fall into my hands. _Cela est passé en proverbe_; that has become a proverb. _Il faut en — par là_; we must submit, there is no way out of it; it must be borne, _or_ endured. _Il faut y —_; we must go through it. _Il ne lui passe rien_; he forgives him nothing. _— chez_; to call on. _Je passerai chez vous demain_; I will call on you to-morrow. _Cela m’a passé de l’esprit_; that has slipped my memory. _Il a été passé par les armes_; he was shot. _— pour_; to pass for, to be considered _or_ thought. _On ne passe pas_; no thoroughfare. _J’en passe: ... et des meilleures_; I pass over some of the most valid reasons; I omit some, and they are not to be despised. _Passons au déluge_; granted; let’s come to the point, if you don’t mind. _Passons!_ I will not insist. =passer=, _v.a._, to pass, to cross, to go over; to ferry across; to slip, to exceed, to surpass; to utter (base coin); to strain (liquids); to run (tape); to put on (wearing apparel); to dress (skins, stuffs); to omit, to leave out; to allow, to grant, to pardon, to waive. _— la rivière_; to cross the river. _— la rivière à la nage_; to swim across the river. _Passez votre chemin_; go your way. _— son habit_; to put on one’s coat. _Je n’y entends rien, cela me passe_; I can’t make it out, it is beyond my comprehension; that beats me. _— son temps à se divertir_; to spend one’s time in amusement. _— son envie d’une chose_; to gratify one’s desire for a thing. _— sous silence_; to take no notice of. _Passez cet endroit_; pass over that place. _Passez moi cet article_; pass me that article. _— condamnation sur soi-même_; to pass sentence on one’s self. _— une obligation_; to enter into a bond. _— un soldat par les baguettes_; to make a soldier run the gauntlet. _— tout le monde au fil de l’épée_; to put everybody to the sword. _Voulez-vous me — cela?_ will you hand, pass, me that? _se_ =passer=, _v.r._, to pass, to pass away; to fade; to decay, to fall off; to happen; to be satisfied; to forbear, to do without, to dispense with, to make shift. _L’occasion se passe_; the opportunity is slipping away. _Je dois l’avertir de tout ce qui se passe_; I must inform him of everything that happens. _Il se passe de peu_; he is satisfied with little. _Il ne saurait se — de vin_; he cannot do without, _or_ dispense with, wine. =passerage=, _n.f._, (bot.) pepperwort. =passereau= (pâ-srô), _n.m._, (orni.) sparrow. =passerelle= (pâ-srèl), _n.f._, foot-bridge; (nav.) gangway. =passerine= (pâ-sri-n), _n.f._, (bot.) sparrowwort. =passerinette= (pâ-sri-nèt), _n.f._, (orni.) redwing. =passe-rose=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (bot.) hollyhock. =passe-temps=, _n.m._, (_—_) pastime. =passeur=, _n.m._, ferry-man. =passe-velours=, _n.m._, (_—_) (bot.) coxcomb, flower-gentle. =passe-vin= (pâs-vin), _n.m._, (_—_) wine-strainer. ☉=passe-volant=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) interloper, intruder; (milit.) fagot. =passibilité=, _n.f._, passibility. =passible=, _adj._, passible; liable (to); punishable (by). =passi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, passive. _Dette —ve_; debt. =passif=, _n.m._, (gram.) passive; (com.) liabilities, debts. =passiflore=, _n.f._, (bot.) granadilla, passion-flower. =passion=, _n.f._, passion; love; fondness; prejudice; passing bell; Passion sermon. _Commander à ses —s_; to curb one’s passions. _Déclarer sa —_; to declare one’s love. _Il a la — des médailles_; he thinks of nothing but medals. _De —_, _avec —_; passionately. =passionné=, =-e=, _adj._, passionate, impassioned, passionately fond of, doting on. _Amant —_; passionate lover. _Il est — pour la gloire_; he thinks of nothing but glory. =passionnément=, _adv._, passionately, fondly. =passionner=, _v.a._, to impassion, to interest deeply. _se_ =passionner=, _v.r._, to be impassioned, to become enamored, to have a strong desire for; to take a deep interest in. _Vous vous passionnez trop_; you are too ardent _or_ impetuous. =passivement= (-siv-mān), _adj._, passively. =passiveté= _or_ =passivité=, _n.f._, passiveness. =passoire=, _n.f._, colander, strainer. =pastel=, _n.m._, pastel; crayon; (bot.) woad, dyer’s woad. =pastenade=, _n.f._, (bot.) parsnip. =pastèque=, _n.f._, water-melon. =pasteur=, _n.m._, pastor, minister; clergyman; shepherd. =pastiche=, _n.m._, (paint.) pasticcio; imitation (of an author); (mus.) medley. *=pastille=, _n.f._, lozenge. =pastisson=, _n.m._ _V._ =pâtisson=. =pastoral=, =-e=, _adj._, pastoral. =pastorale=, _n.f._, pastoral. =pastoralement= (-ral-mān), _adv._, pastorally. =pastoureau=, _n.m._, little shepherd boy. =pastourelle=, _n.f._, shepherd girl; (dance) pastourelle. =pat= (pat), _n.m._, stalemate (at chess). =patache=, _n.f._, (nav.) patache; coach, public conveyance; rickety old coach. =patagon=, _n.m._, patacoon (Spanish coin). =pataquès= (-kèss), _n.m._, (fam.) fault which consists in sounding a _t_ for an _s_, and an _s_ for a _t_; dreadful slip. =patarafe=, _n.f._, scrawl; flourish, dash. =patard=, _n.m._, farthing, doit. =patarin=, _n.m._ _V._ =albigeois= and =vaudois=. =patate=, _n.f._, (bot.) sweet potato; potato; “tater.” =patati=, =patata=, _int._, tut, tut! pooh! pooh! =patatras!= _int._, crack! thump! slap! bang! =pataud=, _n.m._, pup with large paws; (fig.) lout, clumsy fellow. _Être à nage —_; to be in clover. =pataud=, =-e=, _adj._, (pers.) ill made, clumsy, awkward. =patauger=, _v.n._, to splash, to flounder about; to become entangled, embarrassed; to make a mess of. =patchouli=, _n.m._, patchouli. =pate=, _n.f._ _V._ =patte=. =pâte=, _n.f._, paste, dough; constitution, temper; kind, sort; (print.) pie, pi. _— brisée_; short paste. _— feuilletée_; puff paste. _— croquante_; crisp paste. _Mettre la main à la —_; to do a thing one’s self; to set to work one’s self; to lend a helping hand. _C’est une bonne — d’homme_; he is a good-natured fellow. _Une bonne — de femme_; a good-natured woman. =pâté=, _n.m._, pie, pasty; blot (of ink); block (of buildings); (print.) pie, pi. _Un — de venaison_; a venison pasty. _Faire le —_; to pack the cards (at play). _Un gros —_; a plump chub-faced child. _Faire un —_; to make a blot. _Petit —_; patty. =pâtée=, _n.f._, paste (to fatten poultry); mess (for dogs or cats). =patelin= (pa-tlin), _n.m._, (fam.) wheedler. =patelin=, =-e=, _adj._, (fam.) wheedling. _Air —_; wheedling look. =patelinage= (pa-tli-), _n.m._, (fam.) wheedling. =pateliner= (pa-tli-), _v.n._, (fam.) to wheedle. =pateliner=, _v.a._, (fam.) to manage adroitly. =patelineu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (fam.) wheedler. =patelle=, _n.f._, patella; (conch.) limpet. =patemment= (-ta-), _adv._, evidently, obviously, publicly. =patène=, _n.f._, (c.rel.) paten, patin. =patenôtre= (pa-tnôtr), _n.f._, paternoster; Lord’s prayer. _pl._, (pop.) beads of a rosary. ☉=patenôtrier=, _n.m._, bead-maker. =patent=, =-e=, _adj._, patent; obvious, manifest. _Lettres —es_; letters patent. =patentable=, _adj._, licensable. =patente=, _n.f._, license (for the exercise of a trade); (nav.) bill of health. _— nette_; clean bill. _— brute_; foul bill. =patenté=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, licensed dealer; licensed. =patenter=, _v.a._, to license. =pater= (pa-tèr), _n.m._, (_—_) Lord’s prayer, paternoster; great bead (of a chaplet). =patère=, _n.f._, window-screw; clothes peg; curtain rest, curtain hook. ☉=paterne=, _adj._, (jest.) fatherly, paternal. =paternel=, =-le=, _adj._, paternal, fatherly. _Parents —s_; relations on the father’s side. _Bénédiction —le_; father’s blessing. _Amour —_; fatherly love. =paternellement= (-nèl-mān), _adv._, paternally, fatherly. =paternité=, _n.f._, paternity, fathership. =pâteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, doughy, clammy, sticky; milky (of gems); muddy (of roads). _Chemin —_; muddy road. =pathétique=, _adj._, pathetic, affecting, moving, touching. =pathétique=, _n.m._, pathos. =pathétiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, pathetically. =pathognomonique=, _adj._, pathognomonic. =pathologie=, _n.f._, pathology. =pathologique=, _adj._, pathologic. =pathologiste=, _n.m._, pathologist. =pathos= (pa-tôs), _n.m._, (b.s.) bathos, bombast, fustian, rant. =patibulaire=, _adj._, patibulary (gallows, hanging). _n._, gallows, gibbet. =patiemment= (pa-sia-mān), _adv._, patiently, with patience. =patience=, _n.f._, patience, endurance, forbearance; button-cleaner; puzzle (game). _Un jeu de —_; a puzzle. _Avoir de la —_; to have patience. _Être à bout de —_; to be out of patience, to lose patience. _Prendre son mal en —_; to bear one’s misfortune patiently. _Perdre —_; to lose patience. _Perdre toute —_; to lose all patience. _Prendre —_; to have patience, to bide one’s time. _Prendre en —_; to bear patiently. =patience=, _n.f._, (bot.) patience, dock. =patient=, =-e=, _adj._, patient, enduring, forbearing. =patient=, _n.m._, sufferer; patient; culprit (about to be executed). =patienter=, _v.n._, to have or take patience, to bide one’s time. =patin=, _n.m._, skate; sill (of a stair-case); clump (of boots); patten, clog, snow-shoe. =patine=, _n.f._, patina, verd-antique (fine rust on medals). =patiner=, _v.n._, to skate; (of wheels) to slide. =patiner=, _v.a._, to handle, to fumble, to paw; (l.ex.) to feel about. =patineu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, skater. =patineur=, _n.m._, (l.ex.) handler, fumbler. =patio=, _n.m._, court (Spanish). =pâtir=, _v.n._, to suffer; to drudge; to toil. _Vous en pâtirez_; you’ll suffer for it, you’ll rue it. =pâtis=, _n.m._, pasture-ground. =pâtisser=, _v.n._, to make pastry. =pâtisserie= (pâ-ti-srî), _n.f._, pastry; pastry-business. =pâtissi-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, pastry-cook. =pâtissoire=, _n.f._, pastry-board, pastry-table. =pâtisson=, _n.m._, (bot.) squash-melon. =patois=, _n.m._, patois, dialect; jargon, lingo; rigmarole. =pâton=, _n.m._, bolus (for fattening poultry). =patraque=, _n.f._, rubbish, trumpery thing; bad watch; (pers.) broken-down, worn out, poor stick; gimcrack. =pâtre=, _n.m._, herdsman, shepherd. _ad_ =patres= (pa-très), _adv._, (triv.) to kingdom come. _Envoyer quelqu’un ad —_; to knock any one on the head, to kill. =patriarcal=, =-e=, _adj._, patriarchal. =patriarcat=, _n.m._, patriarchate, patriarchship. =patriarche=, _n.m._, patriarch. =patrice=, _n.m._, patrician. =patriciat=, _n.m._, dignity of a patrician; order of patricians; patriciate. =patricien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _n._ and _adj._, patrician. =patrie=, _n.f._, native country, native land, home, fatherland; birth-place. =patrimoine=, _n.m._, patrimony, inheritance. =patrimonial=, =-e=, _adj._, patrimonial. =patriote=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, patriot; patriotic. =patriotique=, _adj._, patriotic. =patriotiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, like a patriot, patriotically. =patriotisme=, _n.m._, patriotism. ☉=patrociner=, _v.n._, (jest.) to argue; to lecture, to talk. =patron=, _n.m._, patron; patron saint; master (of a house); master, employer; (fam.) governor; principal; (nav.) coxswain; master (of slaves); (canon law) advowee; pattern, model; (tech.) templet. _— d’un vaisseau marchand_; master of a merchantman. _— de chaloupe_; coxswain of a longboat. _Je veux parler au —_; I want to speak to the principal, to the governor. _Faire un —_; to take a pattern. _Dès — minette_; from cockcrow. =patronage=, _n.m._, patronage; pattern-work; advowson. =patronal=, =-e=, _adj._, patronal. _Fête —e_; patron saint’s day. =patronat=, _n.m._, (Rom. hist.) protection, patronizing; patronate; employment of labor. ☉=patroniser=, _v.a._, to patronize. ☉_dès le_ =patron-jaquet=, _dès le_ =patron-minet=, _adv._, very early, at daybreak. =patronne=, _n.f._, patroness; female guardian saint; employer, mistress. =patronner=, _v.n._, to patronize, to take the pattern of; to stencil. =patronner=, _v.a._, to patronize. =patronnesse=, _adj.f._, patronizing, supporting. _Dame —_; lady who gives her patronage. =patronymique=, _adj._, patronymic. *=patrouillage=, _n.m._, (l.u.) mess, paddling. *=patrouille=, _n.f._, patrol. _Faire la —_; to patrol. _— grise_; night-patrol. *=patrouiller=, _v.n._, (pop.) to paddle, to puddle, mess about; (milit.) to patrol. *=patrouiller=, _v.a._, (pop.) to spoil things (by messing them about). *=patrouillis=, _n.m._, mess, puddle. =patte=, _n.f._, paw (of animals); flap (of pockets); foot (of birds, of glasses); leg (of an insect). _— de chien_; dog’s paw. _— d’oie_; foot of a goose. _— de collet_; shoulder-strap. _Des —s d’araignée_; spider’s legs. _—s d’écrevisse_; claws of a crayfish, fluke (of anchors); (tech.) cramp, hook, holdfast. _Marcher à quatre —s_; to go on all fours. _Passer sous la — de quelqu’un_; to fall into any one’s clutches. _Mettre la — sur quelqu’un_; to lay hands upon any one. _Donner un coup de — à quelqu’un_; to slang any one in (his presence _or_ absence). _Graisser la — à quelqu’un_; to give any one a sop, to fee any one. _—s de mouches_; scrawl. _Faire — de velours_; to cajole, to flatter; to touch softly. =patte-d’oie=, _n.f._, (_—s-—_) (bot.) goose-foot; intersection of several roads; crow’s foot. ☉=patte-pelu=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_), patte-pelue, _n.f._, (_—-—s_), wolf in sheep’s clothing; hypocrite. =pattu=, =-e=, _adj._, rough-footed; heavy, large-pawed. =pâturage=, _n.m._, pasture, pasture-ground, grazing. =pâture=, _n.f._, food, pasturage. _Servir de — à_; to become the prey (of). _Vaine —_; common. _Droit de vaine —_; common of pasture. =pâturer=, _v.n._, to pasture, to graze, to feed. =pâtureur=, _n.m._, (milit.) pastor, pasturer. =paturin=, _n.m._, (bot.) meadow-grass. _— comprimé_; wire-grass. =pâturon=, _n.m._, pastern (of a horse). =paucité=, _n.f._, (l.u.) paucity. =paulette=, _n.f._, tax (formerly paid for permission to dispose of one’s office). =paulo-post-futur=, _n.m._, (gram.) paulo-post-future. =paulownia=, _n.m._, (bot.) paulownia. =paume=, _n.f._, palm (of the hand); tennis rackets (game). _Longue —_; lawn-tennis. _Jeu de —_; tennis, tennis court, racket court. =paumelle=, _n.f._, sort of barley; hand-leather, hand-guard. =paumer=, _v.a._, (pop.) to give a punch, to slap, to smack; to grab, to nab. =paumier=, _n.m._, tennis-court keeper. =paumoyer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to underrun (cables). =paumure=, _n.f._, top-antlers. =paupérisme=, _n.m._, pauperism. =paupière=, _n.f._, eyelid; eyelash; (fig.) eye, eyes. _Fermer la —_; to shut one’s eyes; to sleep; to die. =pause=, _n.f._, pause, stop, rest, stand; (mus.) rest, semi-breve rest. =pauser=, _v.a._, (mus.) to pause, to make a pause. =pauvre=, _adj._, poor, needy, wretched, destitute; paltry, sorry, scanty; mean, beggarly. _Une langue —_; a poor language. _Un sujet —_; a barren subject. _Le — homme!_ poor silly fellow! _— d’esprit_; poor in spirit; weak-headed. _Un homme —_; a poor man. _C’est un — poète_; he is a wretched poet. _Un — hère_, _un — diable_; a poor devil. =pauvre=, _n.m._, poor person, poor man, pauper, beggar. _—s honteux_; poor people who are ashamed to beg. _Aux —s la besace_; the back is made for the burden. =pauvrement=, _adv._, poorly, wretchedly. =pauvresse=, _n.f._, poor woman, beggar-woman, beggar-girl. =pauvret=, _n.m._, =-te=, _n.f._, poor creature, poor thing. =pauvreté=, _n.f._, poverty, indigence, need; sorry thing, wretchedness. _— n’est pas vice_; poverty is no crime. _Dire des —_; to deal in platitudes. =pavage=, _n.m._, pavement, paving. =pavane=, _n.f._, pavan (dance). _se_ =pavaner=, _v.r._, to strut, to strut along; to stalk proudly; to flaunt. =pavé=, _n.m._, paving-stone; pavement; paved road; road-way, street, streets. _Être sur le —_; to be without a home; to be on the streets. _Battre le —_; to idle _or_ lounge about town. _Tâter le —_; not to walk firmly. _Le haut du —_; the wall side. _Tenir le haut du —_; to hold the first rank. _Brûler le —_; to drive like the wind, to tear along the road. _Être sur le — du roi_; to be on the king’s highway. _Mettre sur le —_; to turn into the streets; to turn out of the house; to turn out of employment. _Les pavés le disent_; the thing is in every one’s mouth. =pavement= (pav-mān), _n.m._, paving; pavement. =paver=, _v.a._, to pave. =pavesade=, _n.f._, (nav.) pavisade. =paveur=, _n.m._, pavier, pavior. =pavie=, _n.m._, cling-stone peach. *=pavillon=, _n.m._, pavilion, summer-house; wing, outhouse, lodge; tent, flag, standard; (c.rel.) veil of the tabernacle; bell (of a trumpet). _Amener son —_; to strike her flag (of a ship). _— blanc_; flag of truce. _— de poupe_; ensign. _Hisser le —_; to hoist the flag. _Baisser —_; to yield, to give in, to surrender. _Vaisseau —_; flag-ship. =pavois=, _n.m._, shield; (nav.) armor. =pavoisement=, _n.m._, (nav.) dressing with flags. =pavoiser=, _v.a._, (nav.) to adorn with flags; to dress. =pavot=, _n.m._, (bot.) poppy. =payable=, _adj._, payable. =payant=, =-e=, _adj._, paying. _Carte —e_; bill (at an eating-house). _Billet —_; paid ticket. =payant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, payer, person who pays. =paye= (pè-ye), _n.f._, pay, salary; wages; (fam.) paymaster. _Une bonne —_; a good paymaster. _Morte-—_ (_—s-—s_); old servant kept and paid without doing any work; defaulting tax-payer. _Haute —_; (milit.) extra pay for good conduct stripes. =payement= (pè-mān), _n.m._, payment. _Jour de —_; pay-day. _Non-—_, (_—-—s_) non-payment. =payen=, =-ne=, _adj._ _V._ =païen=. =payer=, _v.a._, to pay, to pay for, to pay off, to pay away, to recompense, to reward, to requite; to expiate, to atone for, to satisfy, to indemnify. _— trop_; to overpay. _— argent comptant_; to pay cash down. _Se faire —_; to get paid, to get one’s money. _Qui répond paye_; the bail must pay. _— quelqu’un d’ingratitude_; to reward any one with ingratitude. _— de belles paroles_; to pay with fine speeches. _— le tribut à la nature_; to pay the debt of nature. _— en même monnaie_; to pay in like coin. _— les violons_; to pay the piper. _— d’effronterie_; to brazen it out. _— d’audace_; to face it out. _Il me la payera_; he shall pay for it; I’ll be revenged on him for it. _Vous en payerez la folle enchère_; you shall pay dear for your rashness. _— de sa personne_; to expose one’s self to danger; to risk one’s skin; (fig.) to exert one’s self. _Être payé pour savoir_; to know a thing to one’s cost. _Ce n’est pas payé_; (at billiards, etc.), that’s hard lines (when a stroke has just been missed). _se_ =payer=, _v.r._, to be satisfied; to be bought, to treat one’s self to. _Se — de raisons_; to be satisfied with reasons. _Cela ne peut pas se —_; that cannot be bought, that cannot be had for money. _Je ne me paye pas de mauvaises raisons_; nothing but good reasons will satisfy me. _Je me paierai un habit neuf_; I shall treat myself to a new coat. =payeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, paymaster; payer. =pays= (pè-yee), _n.m._, country, fatherland, birthplace, native place, home; part of the country, place, district; (pop.) fellow-countryman. _Gagner du —_; to get on, to make progress. _Courir le —_; to ramble, to rove about. _Battre le —_; to wander about; (mil.) to scour the country. _Être en — de connaissance_; to be among friends. _Savoir la carte du —_; to know one’s ground, one’s people. _— perdu_; out-of-the-way place, waste, desert. _— natal_; native country. _De quel — êtes-vous?_ what countryman are you? _Avoir le mal du —_; to be home-sick. _Nul n’est prophète en son —_; no man is a prophet in his own country. _Il est bien de son —_; he is very simple, very credulous. _À vue de —_; at first sight, by guess. _Faire voir du — à quelqu’un_; to lead any one a dance. _— ruiné vaut mieux que — perdu_; half a loaf is better than no bread. =paysage= (pè-i-zaj), _n.m._, landscape, scenery; landscape-painting. =paysag-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, rustic, country. =paysagiste= (pè-i-za-jist), _n.m._, landscape-painter. =paysan= (pè-i-zan), _n.m._, =-ne= (-za-n), _n.f._, countryman; countrywoman; peasant, rustic. =paysannerie= (pè-i-za-n-rî), _n.f._, rusticity, country manners. =payse=, _n.f._, (pop.) fellow countrywoman. =péage=, _n.m._, toll, due; toll-house. =péager=, _n.m._, toll-gatherer. =peau=, _n.f._, skin, hide, fell, peel; rind, pelt, fur; (fig., fam.) person. _— d’oignons_; onion-peel. _— de fruit_; skin of fruit. _Oter la —_; to peel. _Contes de — d’âne_; nursery tales, fairy tales. _Être dans la — de quelqu’un_; to be in any one’s shoes. _Il ne faut pas vendre la — de l’ours avant de l’avoir tué_; do not count your chickens before they are hatched. _— de soie_; Japanese silk. =peausserie= (pô-srî), _n.f._, peltry; skinner’s trade. =peaussier= (pô-sié), _n.m._, skinner, skin-dresser. =peaussier=, _adj._, (anat.) cutaneous (muscle). =pébrine=, _n.f._, disease (in silk-worms). =pec=, _adj._, newly salted (of herrings). =pécari=, _n.m._, peccary, Mexican boar. =peccable= (pèk-kabl), _adj._, peccable, faulty. =peccadille=, _n.f._, peccadillo, slight offense. ☉=peccant=, =-e= (pèk-kān, -t), _adj._, (med.) morbid, not healthy, peccant. =peccata=, _n.m._, (_—_) (pop.) an ass; fool, dolt, blockhead. =peccavi= (pèk-ka-vi), _n.m._, (_—_) peccavi. =pêche=, _n.f._, (bot.) peach. _— hâtive_; early peach. _— tardive_; late peach. =pêche=, _n.f._, fishing, angling. _La — à la ligne_; angling. _Aller à la —_; to go out fishing. _Ligne de —_; fishing line. =péché=, _n.m._, sin, trespass, transgression. _— originel_; original sin. _— mignon_; besetting sin. _— grave_; heinous sin. _— irrémissible_; unpardonable sin. _Racheter ses —s_; to redeem one’s sins. _À tout — miséricorde_; there is mercy for every sin. _Rechercher les vieux —s de quelqu’un_; to rake up the old sins of any one. _Être laide comme les sept —s capitaux_; to be as ugly as sin. _Se dire les sept —s mortels_; to abuse one another mercilessly. _— avoué est à demi pardonné_; a fault confessed is half redressed. =pécher=, _v.n._, to sin, to transgress, to trespass; to offend; to err; to be deficient, to fail. _— contre la bienséance_; to offend against decency. _Ce n’est pas par là qu’il pèche_; that is not his failing. =pêcher=, _v.a._ and _n._, to fish, to angle, to fish for, to fish up, to drag out; to find, to pick up. _— à la ligne_; to angle for, with rod and line. _— un étang_; to draw a pond. _— en eau trouble_; to fish in troubled waters. _— au plat_; to pick into the dish. _Où avez-vous pêché cela?_ where did you pick that up _or_ where did you get hold of that? =pêcher=, _n.m._, peach-tree. =pécheresse= (pé-shrès), _n.f._ _V._ =pécheur=. =pêcherie= (pê-shrî), _n.f._, fishing-place; fishery, fish-pond. =péche-ur=, _n.m._, =-resse=, _n.f._, sinner. =pêcheu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, fisher, angler, fisherman, fisherwoman. _— à la ligne_; angler. _Ligne de —_; fishing-line. =pêcheu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, fishing. =pécore=, _n.f._, stupid creature, blockhead, animal, creature. =pecque=, _n.f._, silly, conceited woman _or_ girl. =pectiné=, =-e=, _adj._, pectinal, comb-shaped. =pectoral=, =-e=, _adj._, pectoral. =pectoral=, _n.m._, breast-plate; (med.) pectoral. =péculat=, _n.m._, peculation, embezzlement. _Être coupable de —_; to peculate. =péculateur=, _n.m._, (l.u.) peculator. =pécule=, _n.m._, savings, earnings, hoard. ☉=pécune=, _n.f._, ready money, cash, tin. =pécuniaire=, _adj._, pecuniary. =pécunieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, moneyed. =pédagogie=, _n.f._, pedagogy. =pédagogique=, _adj._, pedagogical. =pédagogue=, _n.m._, pedagogue. =pédale=, _n.f._, pedal; treadle; foot-board. ☉=pédané=, _adj._, formerly said of judges who tried cases standing up. =pédant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, pedant; pedantic. ☉=pédanter=, _v.n._ _V._ =pédantiser=. =pédanterie= (pé-dan-trî), _n.f._, pedantry. =pédantesque=, _adj._, pedantic. =pédantesquement=, _adv._, pedantically. =pédantiser=, _v.n._, to act, _or_ play, the pedant. =pédantisme=, _n.f._, pedantry. =pédéraste=, _n.m._, pederast. =pédérastie=, _n.f._, pederasty. =pédestre=, _adj._, pedestrian, on foot. =pédestrement=, _adv._, on foot. _Aller —_; to go on foot. =pédicelle=, _n.m._, (bot.) pedicle, pedicel. =pédiculaire=, _adj._, pedicular. =pédiculaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) pedicularis, louse-wort. =pédicule=, _n.m._, (bot.) pedicel; (med.) neck. =pédiculé=, =-e=, _adj._, pedicellate. =pédicure=, _n.m.f._, corn-cutter; chiropodist. =pédiforme=, _adj._, foot-shaped. =pédiluve=, _n.m._, (med.) pediluvium, foot-bath. =pédimane=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (mam.) pedimane; pedimanous. =pédomètre=, _n.m._, pedometer. =pédon=, _n.m._, courier on foot, runner. =pédonculaire=, _adj._, (bot.) peduncular. =pédoncule=, _n.m._, (bot.) peduncle, flower-stalk. =pédonculé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) pedunculate. =pégase=, _n.m._, Pegasus. =pègle=, _n.f._, pitch (from wood). =pègre=, _n.m._, thief. _n.f._, light-fingered gentry. *=peignage=, _n.m._, combing, wool-combing. *=peigne=, _n.m._, comb; (paint.) graining-tool. _— fin_; small-tooth comb. _— à démêler_; large-tooth comb. _Être sale comme un —_; to be as dirty as you like. *=peigné=, =-e=, _part._, combed; (fig.) elaborate, labored. _Un jardin bien —_; a well-kept garden. _Un mal —_ or _un malpeigné_; a dirty, slovenly, ill-dressed fellow. =peignée=, _n.f._, cardful (of wool). *=peigner=, _v.a._, to comb, to card; (pop.) to beat, to drub; to polish (style). _se_ =peigner=, _v.r._, to comb one’s self; (pop.) to beat one another. =peignerie=, _n.f._, comb manufactory; comb-trade. *=peigneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (manu.) comber. *=peignier=, _n.m._, comb-maker. *=peignoir=, _n.m._, dressing-gown, wrapper; bathing-gown. *=peignures=, _n.f.pl._, combings. =peindre= (peignant, peint), _v.a._, to paint, to portray; to describe, to depict; to draw, to represent; to express. _— d’après nature_; to paint from nature. _— à l’huile_; to paint in oils. _— l’histoire_; to paint historical subjects. _— le portrait_; to take likenesses, to paint portraits. _Se faire —_; to sit for one’s portrait. _Fait à —_; very handsome. _Il nous a peint sa détresse_; he described his distress to us. _se_ =peindre=, _v.r._, to paint one’s self; to be represented, to be expressed _or_ described, to be depicted. _La douleur se peignait sur son visage_; grief was depicted on his face. =peine=, _n.f._, punishment, penalty, pain; affliction, grief, sorrow, misery; uneasiness, trouble, anxiety, labor; pains; reluctance. _Sous les —s de droit_; on pain of being punished according to law. _Partager les —s de quelqu’un_; to share any one’s troubles. _Il n’y a que des —s dans la vie_; the world is full of sorrow. _Cela fait — à voir_; it hurts one to see it. _À chaque jour suffit sa —_; sufficient for the day is the evil thereof. _Je suis en — de savoir ce qu’il deviendra_; I am at a loss to know what will become of him. _Faire de la — à quelqu’un_; to pain any one. _Être dans la —_; to be in trouble. _Se mettre en — de_; to trouble one’s self about. _Je voudrais vous épargner cette —_; I would willingly spare you that trouble. _Cela n’en vaut pas la —_; it is not worth while. _Il a de la — à parler_; he is scarcely able to speak. _Il a de la — à marcher_; he can scarcely walk. _Il a eu beaucoup de — à en venir à bout_; he had much trouble to bring it about, to get through it. _J’ai — à le croire_; I can hardly believe it. _Un homme de —_; a laborer. _Ce n’est pas la —_; it is not worth while. _À —_; hardly, scarce, scarcely. _À — sait-il lire_; he can hardly read. _À grand’—_; with great trouble, with much difficulty. _Mourir à la —_; to die in harness _or_ to work one’s self to death. =peiné=, =-e=, _part._, pained, grieved; labored, elaborate, stiff. _Un ouvrage —_; a labored piece of work. =peiner=, _v.a._, to pain, to make uneasy, to put to trouble; to fatigue, to labor. _se_ =peiner=, _v.r._, to take pains; to grieve, to fret. =peiner=, _v.n._, to labor, to toil; to be reluctant, to be loath. =peint=, =-e=, _part._, painted, drawn. _Toiles —es_; printed calicoes. =peintre=, _n.m._, painter. _— de paysage_; landscape painter. _Un — en bâtiments_; a house-painter. =peinturage=, _n.m._, painting (on wood); daub. =peinture=, _n.f._, painting; paint; picture, portraiture; description, appearance; painters’ work; colors. _— à l’huile_; oil-painting. _— en détrempe_; distemper-painting. _— en mosaïque_; mosaic-painting. _En —_; in painting, in appearance. =peinturer=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to paint (with one color only); to daub. =peintureur=, _n.m._, bad painter, dauber. _V._ =barbouilleur=. =pékin=, _n.m._, pekin (textile fabric); (fig.) civilian, snob. _C’est un mauvais —_; he’s a nasty fellow. =pelade=, _n.f._, alopecy, alopecia, scurf. =pelage=, _n.m._, coat, fur (color of). =pélagianisme=, _n.m._, pelagianism, Pelagius’ tenets. =pélagien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, pelagian. =pélagique=, _adj._, pelagic (of the sea). =pélamide=, _n.f._, (ich.) pelamis. =pelard= (pe-lar), _adj._, barked (of wood). =pélasgique=, _adj._, pelasgian. =pelé=, _n.m._, bald-pated man; ragamuffin. _n’y avait que quatre —s et un tondu_; there was nothing but the rag, tag, and bobtail. _adj._, bald; bare, naked; threadbare, napless. =pêle=, _n.m._ _V._ =pêne=. =pêle-mêle=, _adv._, pell-mell, confusedly, helter-skelter. =pêle-mêle=, _n.m._, pell-mell, disorder, jumble, confusion. =peler=, _v.a._, to strip of hair, to make bald; to pare, to skin, to peel, to scald (pigs). _— un cochon de lait_; to scald a sucking pig. _— un arbre_; to peel a tree. _— des amandes_; to peel almonds. _se_ =peler=, _v.r._, to come off (of the hair); to peel off. =peler=, _v.n._, to peel off (of the skin). =pèlerin= (pèl-rin), _n.m._, =-e= (-ri-n), _n.f._, pilgrim, traveler; hypocrite, dissembler. =pèlerin=, _n.m._, (orni.) peregrine falcon. =pèlerinage= (pèl-ri-), _n.m._, pilgrimage. _Aller en —_; to go on a pilgrimage. =pèlerine= (pèl-ri-n), _n.f._, tippet, cape. =pélican=, _n.m._, pelican; (tech.) holdfast. =pelin=, _n.m._, lime-pit (for hides). =pelisse=, _n.f._, pelisse. =pellage=, _n.m._, shoveling. =pellagre=, _n.f._, (med.) pellagra. =pelle=, _n.f._, shovel, scoop, spade; (of an oar) blade; (of lock-gates) paddle. _La — se moque du fourgon_; the pot calls the kettle black. _Oter avec la —_; to shovel out. _Remuer à la —_; to shovel. _Remuer l’argent à la —_; (fig.) to have heaps, loads of money. =pellée=, =pellerée=, =pelletée= (pèl-rée, pèl-tée), _n.f._, shovelful. =pelleron= (pèl-ron), _n.m._, baker’s peel. =pelleterie= (pèl-trî), _n.f._, furriery; peltry. =pelleti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, furrier. =pelleversage=, _n.m._, spade-tilling. =pellicule= (pèl-li-kul), _n.f._, pellicle. =pellucide= (pel-lu-), _adj._, (phys.) pellucid. =pellucidité=, _n.f._, pellucidness, clearness. =pelotage=, _n.m._, winding skeins into balls; pack of vigonia wool; loose play (at billiards, etc.). =pelote= (plot), _n.f._, pin-cushion; clew, ball of thread; pellet; blaze (on a horse’s forehead). _— de neige_; snow-ball. _Faire sa —_; to feather one’s nest. =peloter= (plo-té), _v.a._, to make up into a ball; to throw balls; to bang, to cuff, to beat; to hoard, to save. _se_ =peloter=, _v.r._, to roll round; to roll one’s self up; to bang each other about; to dispute. =peloter=, _v.n._, (at tennis) to knock the ball about. =peloton= (plo-ton), _n.m._, ball, knot, group, cluster; lump (of fat); (milit.) half-company; tennis-ball; group, knot (of people). _Ils entraient par —s_; they entered by groups. _Se mettre en —_; to roll one’s self up like a ball. _Feu de —_; volley-firing, platoon-firing. =pelotonner= (plo-to-né), _v.a._, to wind into balls, to put up into balls. _se_ =pelotonner=, _v.r._, to gather into knots, into groups; to gather into a round mass; to roll one’s self up. =pelouse= (plooz), _n.f._, lawn, greensward; grass-plot. =pelu=, =-e=, _adj._, hairy. [Only used in =patte-pelu=, which see.] =peluche= (plush), _n.f._, shag, plush, cotton and woolen drugget. =peluché=, =-e=, _adj._, shaggy. =pelucher= (plu-shé), _v.n._, to become shaggy, to wear rough. =pelure= (plur), _n.f._, paring, peel, rind. =pelvien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, (anat.) pelvic. =pemphigus=, _n.m._, (med.) pemphigus. *=penaille=, _n.f._, rags; (b.s.) monks. *=penaillerie=, _n.f._, rags; set of ragamuffins; (b.s.) monks. *=penaillon=, _n.m._, rag; monk. =pénal=, =-e=, _adj._, penal. =pénalité=, _n.f._, penal system; penalty; penal enactment. =penard=, _n.m._, old fox (pers.), old libertine. =pénates=, _n.m.pl._, (antiq.) penates, household gods; fireside, home. =penaud=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, abashed, sheepish person; abashed, sheepish, chopfallen, crestfallen. =penchant=, _n.m._, slope, declivity; inclination, acclivity, decline, propensity, beat, tendency, taste. _Le — d’une montagne_; the slope of a mountain. _Suivre son —_ or _se laisser aller à son —_; to follow one’s bent. =penchant=, =-e=, _adj._, shelving, sloping, declining, leaning. =penchement= (pansh-mān), _n.m._, inclination, leaning, bending, stoop, stooping. =pencher=, _v.a._, to incline, to lean, to bend, to stoop. _— la tête_; to bend the head. _— un vase_; to incline a vase. _se_ =pencher=, _v.r._, to bend, to bend over, to stoop, to tilt, to slope, to be inclined. _Se — sur le bord d’un précipice_; to bend over the brink of a precipice. =pencher=, _v.n._, to lean; to slope, to incline, to be disposed. _Il penche vers le nord_; it leans to the north. _— vers la clémence_; to lean to mercy. _— vers_ or _— du côté de_; to incline towards, to lean the side of. =pendable=, _adj._, deserving hanging, abominable. _Cas —_; hanging matter. _Un tour —_; an abominable trick. =pendaison=, _n.f._, hanging (on the gallows). =pendant=, _prep._, during. =pendant que=, _conj._, whilst, while. =pendant=, _n.m._, thing pendent, thing hanging; counterpart, pendant, fellow; frog (of a sword-belt). _— d’oreille_; ear-ring. _Il faut un — à ce tableau_; this picture needs a fellow. _C’est son —_; he is his counterpart. =pendant=, =-e=, _adj._, pendent, hanging, pending, depending; standing (of crops). _Oreilles —es_; hanging ears. _Marcher les bras —s_; to walk with one’s arms dangling. _Le procès est —_; the cause is pending. =pendard=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, rascal, rogue, scoundrel; jade. =pendeloque= (pan-dlok), _n.f._, ear-drop; pendant, drop. =pendentif=, _n.m._, (arch.) pendentive. =penderie= (pen-dri), _n.f._, ☉hanging (putting to death); (tech.) drying-house. =pendeur=, _n.m._, hangman, executioner; (nav.) pennant (rope), span. *=pendiller=, _v.n._, to hang loose, to dangle, to swing. =pendre=, _v.a._, to hang, to hang up, to suspend. _— de la viande au croc_; to hang up meat on a hook. _— des voleurs_; to hang robbers. _Il ne vaut pas la corde pour le —_; he is not worth hanging. _Il dit pis que — de vous_; he says all kinds of things of you. _se_ =pendre=, _v.r._, to hang one’s self. =pendre=, _v.n._, to hang, to hang up, to hang down, to be suspended, to dangle, to droop, to sag. _Les joues lui pendent_; his cheeks are flabby. _Autant lui en pend à l’oreille_; he may expect a like treatment, _or_ to be served in the same way. _Il a dit pis que — de vous_; he said everything that was bad of you _or_ he abused you right and left. =pendu=, _n.m._, one that has been hanged. _Il est sec comme un —_; he is as thin as a lath. _Avoir de la corde de — dans sa poche_; to have the devil’s own luck. =pendu=, =-e=, _part._, hanged, hung. _Aussitôt pris_, _aussitôt —_; no sooner said than done. _Il est toujours — à ses côtés_; he is always dangling after her. _Avoir la langue bien —e_; to have a well-oiled tongue. =pendule=, _n.f._, (horl.) time-piece, chimney clock, ornamental clock. _— détraquée_; clock out of order. _Remonter une —_; to wind up a clock. _— de voyage_; carriage-clock. =pendule=, _n.m._, pendulum. =penduliste=, _n.m._, clock-case maker. =pêne=, _n.m._, bolt (of a lock); lock-bolt. =pénétrabilité=, _n.f._, penetrability. =pénétrable=, _adj._, penetrable. =pénétrant=, =-e=, _adj._, penetrating, piercing, keen, insinuating, acute, searching, impressive. _Il fait un froid —_; it is piercingly cold. =pénétrati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (l.u.) penetrating. =pénétration=, _n.f._, penetration, acuteness, shrewdness; sagacity. _Avoir une grande — d’esprit_; to have great acuteness of mind. =pénétré=, =-e=, _part._, penetrated. _— de douleur_; grieved to the heart, cut to the quick. =pénétrer=, _v.a._, to penetrate, to go through, to enter, to pierce; to pervade; to fathom; to impress; to imbue; to see through; to affect, to move. _— quelqu’un_; to see through any one. _Son état m’a pénétré_; his situation deeply moved me. _se_ =pénétrer=, _v.r._, to penetrate each other; to impress one’s self, to convince one’s self; to impress one’s mind. =pénétrer=, _v.n._, to penetrate; to pervade; to pierce, to get in. _Il pénétra bien avant dans le pays_; he went a great way into the country _or_ he explored the interior. =pénible=, _adj._, painful, laborious; troublesome, difficult, hard. =péniblement=, _adv._, painfully, laboriously. =péniche=, _n.f._, (nav.) pinnace. =pénicillé=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) pencil-shaped. =pénil=, _n.m._, (anat.) mons veneris. =péninsulaire=, _adj._, peninsular. =péninsule=, _n.f._, peninsula. =pénitence=, _n.f._, penitence, repentance, penance, punishment, disgrace. _Faire — de ses péchés_; to do penance for one’s sins. _Faire —_; to fare poorly. _Mettre un enfant en —_; to punish a child. _Il est en —_; he is in disgrace. =pénitencerie= (-tān-srî), _n.f._, penitentiary’s court; penitentiary (office). =pénitencier=, _n.m._, reformatory; penitentiary. =pénitent=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, penitent, repentant. _Pécheur —_; contrite sinner. =pénitentiaire= (-ci-èr), _adj._, penitentiary, penal. _Maison —_; penitentiary. =pénitenti-aux= (-ci-ô), =-elles= (-ci-èl), _adj.pl._, penitential. _Psaumes —_; penitential psalms. =pénitentiel= (-ci-èl), _n.m._, penitential. =pennage=, _n.m._, plumage (hawking). =penne= (pè-n), _n.f._, beam-feather (of a hawk); feather; (orni.) feather of the tail _or_ wing; (nav.) peak of a mizzen _or_ lateen sail. =penné=, _adj._, (bot.) pennate, pennated. =penniforme=, _adj._, penniform. =pennon= (pè-n-non), _n.m._, pennon. =pénombre=, _n.f._, penumbra; (fig.) darkness, obscurity, twilight, semi-darkness; subdued light. =penon=, _n.m._, (nav.) dog-vane. =pensant=, =-e=, _adj._, thinking. _Bien —_; right-thinking, well-disposed, right-minded. _Mal —_; evil-thinking, evil-disposed. =pensée=, _n.f._, thought, opinion, sentiment, idea, conception; mind, belief, opinion; design; notion; meaning; sketch, first draught; (bot.) pansy, heart’s-ease. _— ultérieure_; after-thought. _S’accoutumer à la — de la mort_; to accustom one’s self to the idea of death. _Parler contre sa —_; to speak against one’s conviction, opinion. _Entrer dans la — de quelqu’un_; to gather any one’s meaning, to follow any one’s reasoning _or_ train of thought. _Lire dans la — de quelqu’un_; to read any one’s thoughts. _Cela m’est venu dans la —_; that came into my mind. _S’entretenir avec ses —s_; to hold converse with one’s self. =penser=, _v.n._, to think, to believe, to imagine; to reflect, to meditate, to deem, to be of opinion; to hope; to be on the point, to be near, to have like; to take heed, to take care. _L’homme pense_; man is a thinking being. _— à quelque chose_; to think of anything. _Il est venu sans qu’on y pensât_; he came unexpectedly. _C’est un homme qui pense bien_; he is a man who thinks well. _Il l’a fait sans y —_; he did it unwittingly. _À quoi pensez-vous, de faire cela?_ what do you mean by doing that? _— à mal_; to have some ill design, to mean harm. _Il pensait à me surprendre_; he thought to surprise me. _Il a pensé mourir_; he nearly lost his life. _J’ai pensé tomber_; I was near falling. _À ce que je pense_; to my mind, in my mind, in my opinion. _Façon de —_; way of thinking. _— à soi_; to look to one’s self, to take care of one’s self. _Faire —_; to remind. _Cela donne bien à —_; that is very suggestive, _or_ food for reflection. _Pensez donc!_ just think of it! just imagine! =penser=, _v.a._, to think, to think of. _Il ne dit jamais ce qu’il pense_; he never says what he thinks. _— du bien de_; to think well of. _— à quelque chose pour faire réussir une affaire_; to think of something to bring a matter to a successful issue. _Que pensez-vous de cela?_ what think you of that? _Pensez à moi_; think of me. _Que pensez-vous de lui?_ what is your opinion of him? =penser=, _n.m._, inward reasoning, thought. =penseur=, _n.m._ and _adj._, thinker; thinking, reflecting, thoughtful. =pensi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, pensive, thoughtful. =pension=, _n.f._, pension, annuity, allowance, payment; board; board and lodging; boarding-house; boarding-school; livery (of horses); (milit.) mess. _Prendre quelqu’un en —_; to receive any one as a boarder. _Se mettre en —_; to go to a boarding-house. _— bourgeoise_; family boarding-house. _Mettre ses chevaux en —_; to put one’s horses out at livery. _Mettre son fils en —_; to place one’s son at a boarding-school. _— de demoiselles_; young ladies’ boarding-school, seminary for young ladies. _— de jeunes gens_; boarding-school for young gentlemen, seminary for young gentlemen. _— de retraite_; retiring pension. _Obtenir une —_; to obtain a pension. _— viagère_; life-annuity. _Demi-—_; board. =pensionnaire=, _n.m.f._, boarder; pensioner; pensionary (in Holland). _Demi-—_; day-boarder. _Prendre des —s_; to take in boarders. =pensionnat=, _n.m._, boarding-school. =pensionner=, _v.a._, to pension, to grant a pension to. =pensum= (pin-som), _n.m._, (_—s_) imposition, extra task (at school). _Donner pour —_; to give as an extra task. =pent=, =penta=, prefix from Gr. πέντε. =pentacorde=, _n.m._, (mus.) pentachord. =pentagone=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (geom., fort.) pentagon; pentagonal. =pentamètre=, _n.m._ and _adj._, pentameter. =pentandrie=, _n.f._, (bot.) pentandria. =pentaphylle=, _adj._, (bot.) pentaphyllous. =pentateuque=, _n.m._, (Bible) Pentateuch. =pente=, _n.f._, declivity, inclination, slope, descent; acclivity, ascent; incline, gradient; pitch (of roofs); valance (of a bed); (nav.) sides (of an awning); propensity, bent, turn. _Le terrain va en —_; the ground shelves down. _Aller en —_; to slope, to shelve, to incline. _Avoir de la — au plaisir_; to have a natural propensity for pleasure. =pentecôte= (pant-kôt), _n.f._, Whitsuntide, Pentecost. _Dimanche de la —_; Whitsunday. =pentière= (-tièr), _n.f._ _V._ =pantière=. =penture=, _n.f._, iron-work, iron-brace; (tech.) hinge. _— de sabords_; (nav.) googings of the port-lids. _—s en fer à cheval_; scuttle-hinges. =pénultième= (-ti-em), _adj._, last but one; (gram.) penultimate. =pénultième=, _n.f._, (gram.) penult, penultima. =pénurie=, _n.f._, penury, want, scarcity, dearth. =péone=, _n.f._ _V._ =pivoine= (bot.). =péotte=, _n.f._, peotta, large gondola. =péperin=, _n.m._, peperine (volcanic stone). =pépie=, _n.f._, pip, roup (disease of birds); (fig.) thirst. _Elle n’a point la —_; she is not tongue-tied. _Il a la —_; he is for ever drinking; he is always dry. =pépier=, _v.n._, to chirp, to pip. =pépin=, _n.m._, (bot.) kernel, pip, stone. _— de raisin_; grapestone. =pépinière=, _n.f._, (hort.) nursery. =pépiniériste=, _n.m._, nursery-man. =pépite=, _n.f._, (min.) nugget. =péplon= _or_ =péplum=, _n.m._, (antiq.) peplus (lady’s cloak). =pepsine=, _n.f._, (chem. pharm.) pepsine. =péquin=, _n.m._, civilian, snob. =percale=, _n.f._, cambric; muslin. =percaline=, _n.f._, glazed calico; (bookbind.) cloth. =perçant=, =-e=, _adj._, piercing, sharp, keen, shrill, acute. _Froid —_; piercing cold. _Vent —_; sharp, keen wind. _Des yeux —s_; sharp, piercing eyes. _Des cris —s_; piercing cries. _Voix —e_; shrill voice. =perce=, _n.f._, piercer, borer, drill. _en_ =perce=, _adv._, broached, tapped. _Mettre en —_; to prick, to pierce. _Mettre du vin en —_; to broach a cask of wine. =percé=, =-e=, _part._, pierced, bored, in holes; out at elbows. _Habit —_; coat in holes. _Avoir le cœur —_; to be struck to the heart. _Maison bien —e_; well-lighted house. _Paysage bien —_; broad, well-opened out landscape. _Chaise —e_; close-stool. _Il est bas —_; he is low in cash. _Fruits —s de vers_; worm-eaten fruits. _C’est un panier —_; money burns his pocket, he is a spendthrift. =perce-bois=, _n.m._, (_—_) (ent.) borer, wood-borer; death-watch. =percée=, _n.f._, _or_ =percé=, _n.m._, opening, cutting (in a wood), vista, glade. _Faire une — dans_; to hew a passage through. =perce-feuille=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (bot.) thorough-wax, hare’s ear. =perce-forêt=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (fam., l.u.) keen sportsman. =perce-lettre=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) bodkin (for piercing paper). =percement=, _n.m._, piercing, opening; cutting, boring; perforation. =perce-mousse=, _n.f._, _or_ =perce-neige=, _n.f._, (_—_) (bot.) snow-drop. *=perce-oreille=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (ent.) earwig. =perce-pierre=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_). _V._ =passe-pierre=. =percepteur=, _n.m._, collector (of taxes); gatherer. _— des impôts_; tax-gatherer, collector. =perceptibilité=, _n.f._, perceptibility, liability to collection (as taxes). =perceptible=, _adj._, collectible; perceptible, perceivable. =perceptiblement=, _adv._, perceptibly. =perception=, _n.f._, the faculty of perceiving, perception; gathering, collecting; receipt; collectorship; collector’s office. =percer=, _v.a._, to bore, to drill, to pierce, to tap, to broach, to open; to penetrate, to see through; to thrill; to lance; (engineering) to tunnel; to wet through (of rain). _— avec un foret_; to drill, to pierce. _— d’outre en outre_; to run through and through. _— un ais_; to bore a plank. _— un tonneau_; to tap a cask. _— un escadron_; to cut a passage through a squadron. _— avec le bec_; to peck through. _— d’un coup d’épée_; to run through the body. _— l’avenir_; to dive into the future. _Les os lui percent la peau_; his bones are coming through his skin. _— un abcès_; to lance, to open an abscess. _— une forêt_; to open up, _or_ to make a road through, a forest. _— une porte dans un mur_; to open a door in a wall. _se_ =percer=, _v.r._, to bore, to be bored; to pierce one’s self, to be pierced. =percer=, _v.n._, to pierce, to pierce through, to break, to break through, to come out, to come through, to open; to appear, to peep out, to peep forth, to transpire; to show one’s self, to discover one’s self, to manifest one’s self; to rise, to make one’s way, to get on; to make one’s way through a crowd. _Les dents vont bientôt — à cet enfant_; that child’s teeth will soon come through, that child will soon cut his teeth. _Cette tumeur percera d’elle-même_; that tumor will break, burst, of itself. _— par son mérite_; to rise, _or_ to make one’s way, by one’s merit. _Si compacte que soit la foule, perçons toujours_; however dense the crowd may be, let us break through all the same. =perces=, _n.f.pl._, holes of wind instruments. =perce-roche=, _n.f._, (zoöl.) terebella. =perceur=, _n.m._, borer. =percevoir=, _v.a._, to receive, to gather, to levy, to collect (taxes); (philos.) to perceive. =perche=, _n.f._, perch, pole; perch (measure); (hunt.) horns; (ich.) perch. _— commune_; barse. _Petite —_; cole-perch. _Grande —_; (pers.) walking rushlight, lanky person. =perché=, _n.m._, perched, perched up, roosting. _Au —_; when perched, when roosting. =percher=, _v.n._, to perch. _se_ =percher=, _v.r._, to perch one’s self, to perch, to roost. =percheronne=, _n.m.f._, horse _or_ mare (native of la Perche). =perchette=, _n.f._, pole, prop, stay. =percheur=, _n.m._ and _adj._, perching, roosting; percher (ornith.) titlark. =perchlorure=, _n.m._, (chem.) bichloride, perchloride. =perchoir=, _n.m._, roost. =perclus=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) crippled, impotent. _Avoir le cerveau —_; to be wanting in sense, in judgment. =perçoir=, _n.m._, piercer (to tap casks). =perçu=, =-e=, _part._, collected. =percussion=, _n.f._, percussion, reverberation. =percutant=, =-e=, _adj._, (artil.) percussion. _Fusée —_; percussion-fuse. =percuter=, _v.a._, to percuss. =perdable=, _adj._, losable. =perdant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, loser; losing. =perdition=, _n.f._, waste, wreck, ruin; perdition, destruction. _S’en aller en —_; to go to ruin, to go to wrack and ruin. _Flotte de —_; accursed fleet. _En —_; (of ships) sinking, in great distress. =perdre=, _v.a._, to lose, to be deprived of, to be out of pocket; to waste, to ruin, to be the ruin of, to undo, to corrupt, to debauch; to spoil; (nav.) to carry away; (nav.) to cast away; (tech.) to discharge (water). _— la santé_; to lose one’s health. _— la raison_; to lose one’s reason, mind. _— haleine_; to lose one’s breath. _— la tête_, _la carte_; to lose one’s wits, one’s head. _— une gageure_; to lose a wager. _— quelqu’un de réputation_; to defame any one. _— l’occasion_; to lose the opportunity. _— une chose de vue_; to lose sight of a thing. _Ses débauches le perdront_; his debauchery will be the ruin of him. _L’inondation a perdu les blés_; the floods have spoilt the crops. _Y — son latin_; not to be able to make it out. _se_ =perdre=, _v.r._, to be lost, to lose one’s self, to lose one’s way, to stray; to be cast away; to have a rambling way of arguing; to be nonplused; to disappear, to fall into disuse; to ruin one’s self; to go to ruin, to go to wrack and ruin; to spoil, to be spoilt; to get bewildered; to be at a loss; (nav.) to be carried away; (nav.) to be cast away; to hole one’s own ball (at billiards). _Je m’y perds_; I am getting bewildered; I cannot make head or tail of it. _Se — d’honneur_; to disgrace one’s self. =perdre=, _v.n._, to lose, to be a loser, to be out of pocket; (nav.) to ebb. _La marée perd_; the tide is ebbing. =perdreau=, _n.m._, (orni.) young partridge. =perdrigon=, _n.m._, Perdrigon-plum. =perdrix=, _n.f._, (orni.) partridge. _— grise_; common partridge. _— rouge_; red-legged partridge. _Couple de —_; brace of partridges. _Œil de —_; soft corn. =perdu=, =-e=, _part._, lost, ruined, wasted; bewildered; undermined; spoilt; stray, forlorn, obsolete, out of use. _— de dettes_; over head and ears in debt. _— de réputation_; ruined in reputation. _Courir_, _crier_, _comme un —_; to run, to cry, like mad, like a madman. _Un de — deux de retrouvés_; there’s as good fish in the sea as ever was caught _or_ when one door shuts another opens. _C’est du bien —_; it is casting pearls before swine. _Tirer à coups —s_; to shoot at random. _Pays —_; out-of-the-way, deserted country. _À corps —_; headlong, desperately. _Heures —es_; spare time, leisure hours. _Un bienfait n’est jamais —_; a good action never remains unrewarded. _Enfants —s_ or _sentinelle —e_; (milit.) forlorn hope. _Salle des pas —s_; outer hall, waiting hall (courts of law). =père=, _n.m._, father, parent; sire; man, fellow. _— de famille_; father of a family. _Nos —s_; our forefathers. _—s du désert_; old anchorites. _Le saint-—_, _le très saint-—_, _notre saint-—_, _notre très saint-—_, _le — des fidèles_, _le — des Chrétiens_; (c.rel.) the pope. _— spirituel_; father confessor. _Beau-—_, (_—x-—s_) father-in-law; step-father. _— nourricier_; foster-father. _— la joie_; frank, gay, hearty fellow. _— aux écus_; man with a great deal of money. _De — en fils_; from father to son, from sire to son. _— noble_; (thea.) heavy father, old man. _Dormir_, or _s’endormir_, _avec ses —s_; to sleep with one’s fathers. _Petit —_; dada, papa. _De —_; fatherly, paternal. =pérégrination=, _n.f._, peregrination. =pérégrinité=, _n.f._, (jur.) alienage, alienism, alienship. =péremption=, _n.f._, (jur.) limitation, nonsuit. =péremptoire=, _adj._, peremptory. =péremptoirement= (-tôar-mān), _adv._, peremptorily. ☉=pérennial=, =-e= (-rè-n-nial), _adj._, perennial. =pérennité=, _n.f._, perpetuity. =péréquation=, _n.f._, assessment, equal distribution. =perfectibilité=, _n.f._, perfectibility. =perfectible=, _adj._, perfectible. =perfection=, _n.f._, perfection, completeness. _Le plus haut degré de —_; the acme of perfection. _La — en personne_; perfection personified, the pink of perfection. _En —_; to perfection. =perfectionnement= (-sio-n-mān), _n.m._, improvement, perfecting, finishing. _Leçons de —_; finishing lessons. =perfectionner=, _v.a._, to perfect, to bring to perfection; to improve; to improve upon. _— ce que les autres ont inventé_; to improve on the inventions of others. _se_ =perfectionner=, _v.r._, to perfect one’s self; to improve one’s self; to improve. =perfide=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, perfidious, treacherous, false, false-hearted person; perfidious, treacherous, false. _Le — m’a trahi_; the perfidious man betrayed me. =perfidement= (-fid-mān), _adv._, perfidiously, falsely, treacherously, basely. =perfidie=, _n.f._, perfidy, perfidiousness; treachery; false-heartedness, treacherousness; treacherous action, treacherous thing. _Faire une —_; to commit an act of perfidy. =perfolié=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) perfoliate, perfoliated. =perforage=, _n.m._, boring; perforation. =perforant=, =-e=, _adj._, perforating; perforative. =perforateur=, _n.m._, (tech.) perforator. =perforati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (surg.) perforative. =perforation=, _n.f._, perforation. =perforer=, _v.a._, to perforate, to bore. =péri=, _n.m._, peri (Persian fairy). =périanthe=, _n.m._, (bot.) perianth, perianthium. =périapte=, _n.m._, periapt. =péribole=, _n.m._, (arch.) peribolus. =péricarde=, _n.m._, (anat.) pericardium. =péricardite=, _n.f._, (med.) pericarditis. =péricarpe=, _n.m._, (bot.) seed-vessel, pericarp. =périchondre=, _n.m._, (anat.) perichondrium. =péricliter=, _v.n._, to be in danger, in jeopardy; to threaten to fall (of building). =péricrâne=, _n.m._, (anat.) pericranium. =péridot=, _n.m._, chrysolite, peridot, olivine. =péridrome=, _n.m._, (arch.) peridrome. =périgée=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (astron.) perigee, perigeum; in its perigee. =périgourdin=, =-e=, _adj._, of Perigord. _n._, native of Perigord. =périgueux= (-gheû), _n.m._, (min.) Perigord stone. =périhélie=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (astron.) perihelion, perihelium; in its perihelion. *=péril=, _n.m._, peril, danger, jeopardy, hazard, risk. _Au — de ma vie_; at the hazard of my life. _Être en — de ta vie_; to be in danger of one’s life. _Prendre une affaire à ses risques et —s_; to run the risk of anything; to take all the risks. _Mettre en —_; to endanger, to put in jeopardy. *=périlleusement=, _adv._, perilously, dangerously, hazardously. *=périlleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, perilous, dangerous, hazardous. =périmer=, _v.n._, (jur.) to be barred by limitation, to pass out of date; to lapse, to drop. =périmètre=, _n.m._, (geom.) perimeter. =périnéal=, =-e=, _adj._, perinæal. =périnée=, _n.m._, (anat.) perinæum. =période=, _n.f._, stage, period (revolution); (med.) period; (astron.) period; (chron.) period; (gram.) period, sentence; (mus.) phrase. _— lunaire_; lunar period. _— bien arrondie_; well-rounded period. _— embarrassée_; involved period. =période=, _n.m._, pitch, summit, degree, acme, period. _Long — de temps_; long period of time. =périodicité=, _n.f._, periodicity. =périodique=, _adj._, periodic, periodical; (arith.) recurring, circulating. _Fraction —_; (arith.) circulating, recurring decimal, repetend. _Fraction — composée_; (arith.) mixed circulating decimal. _Style —_; full style. =périodiquement= (-dik-mān), _adv._, periodically. =périoste=, _n.m._, (anat.) periosteum. =périostose=, _n.f._, (med.) periostitis. =péripatéticien=, =-ne= (-ci-in, -è-n), _n._ and _adj._, Peripatetic. =péripatétisme=, _n.m._, Peripateticism. =péripétie= (-pé-ci), _n.f._, sudden turn of fortune; revolution, vicissitude; (thea.) catastrophe, event, incident. =périphérie=, _n.f._, (geom.) periphery. =périphrase=, _n.f._, periphrasis, periphrase, circumlocution. =périphraser=, _v.n._, to periphrase, to talk in a roundabout way, to express by circumlocution. =périple=, _n.m._, (ancient geog.) periplus. =péripneumonie=, _n.f._, (med.) peripneumonia, peripneumony. =périptère=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (arch.) periptery; peripteral. =périr=, _v.n._, to perish, to decay, to die, to be lost, to be destroyed, to sink, to fall off; (jur.) to be barred by limitation. _— de froid_; to perish with cold. _— corps et biens_; (of ships) to be lost with all hands. _Tôt ou tard les méchants périssent malheureusement_; sooner or later the wicked come to an untimely end. _Faire — une armée_; to destroy an army. _L’instance est périe_; (jur.) the suit is barred by limitation. _Faire —_; to put to death; to do away with. =périsciens= (-si-in), _n.m.pl._, (geog.) Periscians, Periscii. =périssable=, _adj._, perishable. =périssoire=, _n.f._, canoe. =péristaltique=, _adj._, (med.) peristaltic. =péristole=, _n.f._, (physiolog.) the peristaltic motion (of the intestines). =péristyle=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (arch.) peristyle; ornamented with a peristyle. =périsystole=, _n.f._, (physiolog.) perisystole. =péritoine=, _n.m._, (anat.) peritoneum. =péritonite=, _n.f._, (med.) peritonitis. =perkale=, =perkaline=. _V._ =percale=, =percaline=. =perlasse=, _n.f._, pearlash. =perle=, _n.f._, pearl; bead, beading (of bracelets, necklaces); best; (print.) pearl; (arch.) bead; (pharm.) pearl. _Nacre de —_; mother of pearl. _— baroque_; irregular pearl. _— tube_; bugle. _Jeter des —s devant les pourceaux_; to cast pearls before swine. _—s fines_; native, real pearls. _Semence de —s_; the smallest pearls. _Herbe aux —s_; gromwell, gromil. _C’est la — des hommes_; he is the best of men. _Nous ne sommes pas ici pour enfiler des —s_; we are not here to pick straws, _or_ to trifle our time away. _Faire la —_; to froth, to froth up (of brandy). =perlé=, =-e=, _adj._, pearled, set with pearls; pearly; beady; boiled twice (of sugar); (her.) pearled; (mus.) brilliant and delicate. _Bouillon —_; pearly broth. _Orge —_; pearl-barley. =perler=, _v.n._, to pearl, to bead, to form globules. _v.a._, to pearl; to give a finish to; to polish. _se_ =perler=, _v.r._, to be, _or_ to become, pearled. =perli-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, of pearl. _Huître —ère_; pearl-oyster. =perlière=, _n.f._, (bot.) cudweed. =perlimpinpin=, _n.m._, used only in: _poudre de —_; quack powder; nostrum (pop.). =perlon=, _n.m._, (ich.) swallow-fish, sapphirine-gurnet, tub-fish. =perlure=, _n.f._, (hunt.) curling (of horns). =permanence=, _n.f._, permanence, permanency. _Armée en —_; standing army. _L’assemblée s’est déclarée en —_; the assembly declared its sittings permanent. _En —_; permanently. =permanent=, =-e=, _adj._, permanent, lasting; (mec.) constant. =perméabilité=, _n.f._, permeability, perviousness. =perméable=, _adj._, permeable, pervious. =permettre=, _v.a._, to permit, to allow, to suffer, to give leave, to let, to enable, to afford. _Permettez-moi de vous dire_; allow me to tell you, let me tell you. _Permettez!_ allow me! excuse me! _se_ =permettre=, _v.r._, to permit, to allow, to suffer one’s self (to); to indulge; to indulge one’s self; to take the liberty (of); to take upon one’s self (to), to assume, to dare. =permis=, =-e=, _part._, lawful, permitted, allowed; justifiable. _S’il m’est — de le dire_; if I may say so. _À vous — de_ or _— à vous de_; you may if you like. _S’il m’est — de_; if I may, if I may be allowed. _Est-il — d’entrer?_ may I come in? =permis=, _n.m._, permit, license, pass; leave. _— de chasse_; shooting-license. _— de circulation_; (rail.) pass. _— de séjour_; permission to reside. =permission=, _n.f._, permission, consent, allowance, leave, permit. _Avec votre —_; by your leave. _Abuser de la —_; to go beyond bounds. _Prendre la — sous son bonnet_; to take French leave. =permixtion= (-miks-ti-on), _n.f._, permixtion. =permutabilité=, _n.f._, commutability, permutability. =permutable=, _adj._, (gram.) commutable. =permutant=, _n.m._, permuter. =permutation=, _n.f._, permutation, commutation, exchange, change. _— de consonnes_; transposition of consonants. =permuter=, _v.a._, to exchange, to permute, to commute, to transpose. _se_ =permuter=, _v.r._, (gram.) to be permuted, _or_ exchanged, _or_ transposed. =pernicieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, perniciously, mischievously, hurtfully, injuriously, prejudicially. =pernicieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, pernicious, mischievous, hurtful, injurious, prejudicial. _— à la santé_; pernicious to health. =péroné=, _n.m._, (anat.) fibula (small bone of the leg). =péronnelle=, _n.f._, hussy, saucy baggage, gossip; silly, talkative woman. =péroraison=, _n.f._, peroration. =pérorer=, _v.n._, to harangue; to hold forth; to speechify. =péroreur=, _n.m._, haranguer, speechifier. =pérot=, _n.m._, sapling (of the age of two cuttings). =pérou=, _n.m._, Peru. _Ce n’est pas le —_; it is no great thing, no great haul. =péroxyde=, _n.m._, (chem.) peroxide. =perpendiculaire=, _n.f._ and _adj._, perpendicular. _Abaisser une —_; to let fall a perpendicular. _Elever une —_; to raise a perpendicular. =perpendiculairement= (-lèr-mān), _adv._, perpendicularly. =perpendicularité=, _n.f._, perpendicularity. =perpendicule=, _n.m._, (l.u.) plumb-line, perpendicle. =perpétration=, _n.f._, (jur.) perpetration. =perpétrer=, _v.a._, (jur.) to perpetrate, to commit. =perpétuation=, _n.f._, perpetuation. =perpétuel=, =-le=, _adj._, perpetual, permanent, never-ceasing, endless, for life. =perpétuellement= (-èl-mān), _adj._, perpetually, everlastingly. =perpétuer=, _v.a._, to perpetuate. _se_ =perpétuer=, _v.r._, to be perpetuated, to last, to endure, to continue. =perpétuité=, _n.f._, perpetuity. _À —_; forever; for life. _Condamner aux travaux forcés à —_; to sentence to penal servitude for life. =perplexe=, _adj._, perplexed, embarrassed, irresolute; perplexing. =perplexité=, _n.f._, perplexity, embarrassment. =perquisition=, _n.f._, perquisition, search; investigation. _Mandat de —_; search-warrant. _Lancer un mandat de —_; to issue a search-warrant. =perré=, _n.m._, (arch.) water-wing; (of the sea) pebbly shore, shingly beach. =perrin-dandin=, _n.m._, an ignorant, greedy judge. =perron=, _n.m._, flight of steps (before a house); outside landing; (arch.) perron. =perroquet=, _n.m._, (orni.) parrot; parrot (pers.); (nav.) top-gallant sail, gallant. _Parler comme un —_; to talk like a parrot. =perruche=, _n.f._, she-parrot; perroquet; (nav.) mizzen top-gallant sail. =perruque=, _n.f._, wig, periwig, peruke, pig-tail; mop, shock. _— à nœuds_; bobwig, bobtail-wig. _Tête à —_; barber’s block; prejudiced old man. =perruquier=, _n.m._, wig-maker, peruke-maker; hair-dresser; barber. =perruquière=, _n.f._, barber’s wife. ☉=pers=, =-e=, _adj._, blue; bluish. =persan=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Persian. =persan=, _n.m._, Persian language. =persane=, _n.f._, Persian woman. =perse=, _n.f._, (geog.) Persia; Persian woman; chintz. =perse=, _n.m._, (ancient hist.) Persian. =persécutant=, =-e=, _adj._, troublesome, teasing. =persécuter=, _v.a._, to persecute, to trouble, to importune, to tease; to bore, to dun. =persécut-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, persecutor, troublesome man _or_ woman; persecuting, importunate, troublesome. =persécution=, _n.f._, persecution, annoyance, importunity. =persée=, _n.m._, (astron.) Perseus. =persévéramment= (-ra-mān), _adv._, perseveringly. =persévérance=, _n.f._, perseverance, steadiness, industry. =persévérant=, =-e=, _adj._, persevering, steady, industrious. =persévérer=, _v.n._, to persevere, to be steadfast, to persist in one’s opinion. _— dans un dessein_; to persevere in a design. =persicaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) water-pepper. =persicot=, _n.m._, persicot (cordial). =persienne=, _n.f._, shutter-blind, Venetian shutter. _— fixe_; louver window. =persiflage=, _n.m._, quizzing, bantering, banter, chaffing, chaff. =persifler=, _v.a._, to quiz, to rally, to banter, to chaff. =persifleur=, _n.m._, banterer, quiz. _adj._, quizzing, bantering, chaffing. =persil=, _n.m._, (bot.) parsley. _— d’âne_; beaked parsley. _— des marais_; sium angustifolium _or_ marsh-parsley. *=persillade=, _n.f._, (cook.) beef dressed with vinegar and parsley. *=persillé=, =-e=, _adj._, spotted; blue-moldy (of cheese). =persique=, _adj._, (arch.) Persian, Persic. =persistance=, _n.f._, persistence, persistency. =persistant=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) persistent, persisting. =persister=, _v.n._, to persist (in), to keep to. _Il persiste à nier_; he persists in denying. _Il persiste dans son sentiment_; he maintains his opinion. =personnage=, _n.m._, personage, person, great person, somebody; (theat.) character, part. _C’est un sot —_; he is a silly, ignorant fellow. _Il joue bien son —_; he plays his part well. _Je connais le —_; I know the fellow. _Voilà un plaisant —!_ what an absurd fellow! _Tapisserie à —s_; figured tapestry. =personnalité=, _n.f._, personal feeling; self-love, selfishness, egotism; personality; personal remark. =personnat=, _n.m._, sort of benefice. =personne=, _n.f._, person, man, woman, child, female; own self; exterior, appearance; (gram., theol.) person. _Jeune —_; young lady, young girl. _Parlant à sa —_; (jur.) speaking to him in person. _Les —s de condition_; people of fashion. _Sans acception de —s_; without respect of persons. _Il est bien fait de sa —_; he has a handsome person _or_ exterior. _J’y étais en —_; I was there in person. _Avoir soin de sa —_; to take care of one’s self. _Il aime sa —_; he loves his dear self. _Payer de sa —_; to expose one’s self to danger; to be in the thick of the fight _or_ fray; (fig.) to exert one’s self. _À la première_, _seconde_, _troisième —_; (gram.) in the first, second, third, person. _C’est la bonté en —_; he (_or_ she) is kindness itself. =personne=, _pron._ _m._, nobody, no man, none, no one; any body, any one. _Il n’y a — à la maison_; there is nobody at home. _Je doute que — y réussisse_; I doubt whether any one will _or_ would succeed in it. =personnée=, _n._ and _adj._ _f._, (bot.) personate, masked flower; personate, masked. =personnel=, =-le=, _adj._, personal; selfish. =personnel=, _n.m._, ☉personal character; staff, (all the persons composing any establishment); staff of servants, officials, hands; (milit., nav.) personnel. =personnellement= (-nèl-mān), _adv._, personally. =personnification=, _n.f._, personification, personation. =personnifier=, _v.a._, to personify; to impersonate. =perspecti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, perspective. =perspective=, _n.f._, perspective, view; prospect, distance, vista, opening. _— aérienne_; aërial perspective. _Cela borne la —_; that bounds the prospect. _— riante_; delightful prospect. _Il a la — d’une grande fortune_; he has a large fortune in prospect. _En —_; in the distance; in prospect, in expectation. =perspicace=, _adj._, perspicacious. =perspicacité=, _n.f._, perspicacity. =perspicuité=, _n.f._, perspicuity. =persuader=, _v.a._, to persuade, to make to believe, to convince, to satisfy; to imagine. _J’en suis persuadé_; I am convinced of it. _se_ =persuader=, _v.r._, to persuade, to convince one’s self; to be persuaded, to imagine. =persuader=, _v.n._, to persuade, to convince. =persuasible=, _adj._, persuasible, persuadable. =persuasi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, persuasive; persuading, convincing, clinching. =persuasion=, _n.f._, persuasion, conviction, belief, opinion. _L’éloquence a pour but la —_; the object of eloquence is to persuade. _Agir à la — d’un autre_; to act by (the) persuasion of another. =persuasivement=, _adv._, persuasively. =perte=, _n.f._, loss, losings; ruin, waste, wastefulness; fall, doom. _À —_; at a loss; (med.) flooding. _Faire une —_; to meet with a loss. _Être en —_; to be a loser. _Courir à sa —_; to go to one’s ruin, to one’s doom. _— de temps_; waste of time. _La — du Rhône_; (geog.) place where the Rhone disappears beneath the rocks. _Vendre à —_; to sell at a loss. _En pure —_; to no purpose, uselessly, in vain. _À — de vue_; as far as the eye can reach. _Je suis en —_; I am a loser by it. =pertinacité=, _n.f._, pertinacity. =pertinemment= (-na-mān), _adv._, pertinently. =pertinence=, _n.f._, pertinency. =pertinent=, =-e=, _adj._, pertinent. =pertuis=, _n.m._, (geog.) straits; sluice, narrow opening in a flood-gate. =pertuisane=, _n.f._, partisan, halberd. =pertuisanier=, _n.m._, halberdier; warder. =perturbat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, disturber; disturbing. =perturbation=, _n.f._, perturbation, disturbance, commotion. =pervenche=, _n.f._, (bot.) periwinkle. =pervers=, =-e=, _adj._, perverse, froward, untoward, wicked. =pervers=, _n.m._, perverse, froward person; wrong-doer. =perversion=, _n.f._, perversion. =perversité=, _n.f._, perversity, perverseness, frowardness, untowardness. =pervertir=, _v.a._, to pervert, to be pervertive of, to be a perverter of. _Se —_; to be perverted. =pervertissable=, _adj._, pervertible. =pervertissement= (-tis-mān), _n.m._, perversion, corruption. =pervertisseur=, _n.m._, perverter, corrupter. =pesade=, _n.f._, (man.) pesade. =pesage=, _n.m._, weighing; weighing-room, saddling-room. =pesamment= (pĕ-za-mān), _adv._, heavily, ponderously, weightily, lumpishly; slowly. =pesant=, =-e=, _adj._, heavy, ponderous, weighty; unwieldy, lumpish; cumbersome; sluggish, slow; full weight. _Fardeau —_; heavy burden. _Cheval — à la main_; hard-mouthed horse. _Il a la main —e_; he has a heavy hand. _Il a l’esprit —_; he is dull-minded. _Joug —_; heavy yoke. _Un louis d’or —_; a louis d’or of the full weight. =pesant=, _n.m._, weight. _Il vaut son — d’or_; he is worth his weight in gold. =pesant=, _adv._, weight, in weight. =pesanteur=, _n.f._, weight, heaviness, weightiness; sluggishness, dullness, slowness, unwieldiness; ponderosity, ponderousness; (phys.) force of gravity, gravity. _— de tête_; heaviness in the head. _— d’esprit_; dullness of mind. =pesée=, _n.f._, weighing; all that is weighed at once. _Faire une —_; to weigh. =pèse-acide=, _n.m._, acetometer. =pèse-lait=, _n.m._, lactometer. =pèse-lettres=, _n.m._, letter-weigher, letter-scales. =pèse-liqueur=, _n.m._, (_—_, or _—-—s_) hydrometer. =peser=, _v.a._, to weigh; to ponder, to consider, to estimate. _— les raisons de quelqu’un_; to weigh any one’s arguments. _— ses paroles_; to weigh one’s words. =peser=, _v.n._, to weigh, to be of weight, to be heavy; to hang upon; to bear upon; to lean, to lie heavy; to be a burden; to dwell upon. _Viande qui pèse sur l’estomac_; meat that lies heavy upon the stomach. _Cela me pèse sur le cœur_; that lies heavy upon my heart. _— sur un levier_; to bear upon a lever. =pesette=, _n.f._, assay-scales. =peseur=, _n.m._, weigher. =peson=, _n.m._, steelyard. =pessaire=, _n.m._, (med.) pessary. =pesse=, _n.f._, (bot.) mare’s tail. =pessimisme=, _n.m._, pessimism. =pessimiste=, _n.m._, pessimist. =peste=, _n.f._, plague, pestilence, pest, torment; bore, nuisance; stench. _La flatterie est la — des cours_; flattery is the plague of courts. _— soit du fou!_ plague on the fool! _— soit de!_ out upon! =peste=, _adj._, sly, arch. =peste!= _int._, plague on it! the deuce! by Jove! hang it! bless me! indeed! =pester=, _v.n._, to inveigh against, to bluster, to storm, to rave. _Il peste contre ses juges_; he rails, (swears) at his judges. _— entre chair et cuir_; to fret and fume in secret. =pestifère=, _adj._, (l.u.) pestiferous, pestilential. =pestiféré=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, person infected with the plague; plague-stricken. =pestilence=, _n.f._, pestilence. =pestilent=, =-e=, _adj._, pestilential. =pestilentiel=, =-le= (-ci-èl), _adj._, pestilential, infectious, contagious. =pet=, _n.m._, (l.ex.) fart, wind. _Un — de nonne_; apple-fritter. =pétale=, _n.m._, (bot.) petal, flower-leaf. =pétalé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) petalous, petaled. =pétalisme=, _n.m._, (antiq.) petalism. =pétalite=, _n.f._, petalite. =pétaloide=, _adj._, petaloid. =pétarade=, _n.f._, (of animals) farting; trumpeting with the mouth; cracking; noise of crackers. =pétard=, _n.m._, (milit.) petard; (fireworks) cracker. =pétarder=, _v.a._, to blow up with a petard. =pétardier=, _n.m._, one who makes petards. =pétase=, _n.m._, (antiq.) petasus; broad-brimmed hat. =pétaud=, _n.m._ _C’est la cour du roi —_; it is Bedlam broken loose; Dover court. =pétaudière=, _n.f._, bear-garden, tumultuous assembly. =pétéchial=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) petechial. _Fièvre —e_; petechial fever. =pétéchies=, _n.f.pl._, (med.) petechiæ. =pet-en-l’air=, _n.m._, (_—_) man’s short morning gown. =péter=, _v.n._, (l.ex.) to burst; to break, to snap; to crackle, to crack; to bounce; to fart, to break wind; (of fire-arms) to explode, to burst. =péteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (l.ex.) sorry fellow, milksop. *=pétillant=, =-e=, _adj._, crackling, sparkling. *=pétillement=, _n.m._, crackling, sparkling. *=pétiller=, _v.n._, to crackle; to sparkle; to long to do a thing, to be eager to. _Son ouvrage pétille d’esprit_; his work sparkles with wit. _Ses yeux pétillent_; his eyes sparkle. _— d’impatience_; to boil over with impatience. =pétiolaire= (-ci-), _adj._, (bot.) petiolary. =pétiole= (-ci-), _n.m._, (bot.) petiole, leaf-stalk. =pétiolé=, =-e= (-ci-), _adj._, (bot.) petiolate. =petiot=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, tiny, wee; little fellow, little one; darling. =petit=, =-e=, _adj._, little, small, diminutive, short, unimportant, petty, slight, trifling; light; faint; grand (of one’s children’s children). _—-fils_ (_—s-—_); grandson. _Un — homme_; a little man. _Un homme —_; a mean man. _Un — roi_; a petty king. _Le — peuple_; the common people. _Le — monde_; the common people. _—e guerre_. _V._ =guerre=. _— collet_; young clergyman. _—e vérole_; small-pox. _De la —e bière_; small-beer. _— à —_; by degrees. _—-maître_, (_—s-—s_) coxcomb. _—e-maîtresse_, (_—s-—s_) belle; vain, foppish woman. _— à — l’oiseau fait son nid_; small strokes fell great oaks. _Les —s ruisseaux font les grandes rivières_; many a little makes a mickle. _En —_, _au — pied_; in miniature, on a small scale. _En — pays_; in a small way. _Être aux —s soins pour_; to be all attention to. _— mercier — panier_; (prov.) small positions for small brains. =petit=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, little child; little one; dear, darling; young one; whelp, pup, kitten, cub. _Les petits_; (at school) the junior boys. _Les —s d’une chienne_; the pups of a bitch. _Les —s d’une truie_; the litter of a sow. _Faire des —s_; to bring forth young ones. _Pauvre —_; poor little fellow _or_ chap. =petitement= (pĕtit-mān), _adv._, in a small way; little; slenderly, meanly, poorly. _Il est logé —_; he has modest lodgings, he is cramped for room. =petite-oie=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) (cook.) giblets; ☉stockings, gloves, hat and other minor parts of clothing; ☉minor tokens of love. =petitesse=, _n.f._, smallness, littleness, shortness, insignificance; meanness, shabbiness; shallowness, narrowness. _— d’âme_; meanness of soul. _— d’esprit_; narrowness of mind. _C’est une — de sa part_; it is a piece of meanness on his part. =petit-gris=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) minever, Siberian squirrel. =pétition=, _n.f._, petition, memorial, request. _Faire une —_; to draw up, to address, a petition. _Faire présenter une —_; to petition, to memorialize. _— de principe_; (log.) petitio principii, begging the question. =pétitionnaire=, _n.m.f._, petitioner, applicant. =pétitionnement=, _n.m._, petitioning, memorializing. =pétitionner=, _v.n._, to make a request, to petition, to memorialize. =pétitoire=, _adj._, (jur.) petitory (claiming the right of property in real estate). =pétitoire=, _n.m._, (jur.) claim of ownership. =peton=, _n.m._, foot (of children); tiny foot. =pétoncle=, _n.m._, (conch.) scallop. =pétreau=, _n.m._, (gard.) sucker (of a tree). =pétrée=, _adj.f._, (geog.) stony. [Only used in _Arabie —_; Arabia Petræa.] =pétrel=, _n.m._, (orni.) petrel. =pétreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (anat.) stone-like; rocky, stony. =pétri=, =-e=, _part._, kneaded. _C’est un homme tout — de salpêtre_; he is a passionate _or_ violent-tempered man. _— d’ignorance_; steeped in ignorance. =pétrifiant=, =-e=, _adj._, petrifying. =pétrification=, _n.f._, petrifaction, petrification. =pétrifier=, _v.a._, to petrify. _se_ =pétrifier=, _v.r._, to petrify, to turn into stone. =pétrin=, _n.m._, kneading-trough; scrape, hobble, pickle; hot-water. _Se mettre dans le —_; to get into hot-water, into a scrape. _Un — impossible_; terrible, indescribable disorder, confusion. =pétrir=, _v.a._, to knead, to mold, to form. =pétrissable=, _adj._, that can be kneaded; (fig.) yielding, pliant, submissive, obedient, easily led. =pétrissage=, _n.m._, kneading, working, forming. =pétrisseur=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, kneader, journeyman-baker. _— mécanique_; kneading machine. =pétrole=, _n.m._, petroleum, rock-oil. =pétroleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, miscreant who commits arson by means of petroleum (as in France under the Commune). =pétrosilex= (-lèks), _n.m._, (min.) petrosilex. _in_ =petto= (i-n pèt-to), _adv._, in petto, secretly, inwardly. =pétulamment= (-la-mān), _adv._, petulantly. =pétulance=, _n.f._, petulance, petulancy. =pétulant=, =-e=, _adj._, petulant; saucy, frisky. ☉=petun=, _n.m._, tobacco, snuff. ☉=petuner=, _v.n._, to take snuff; to smoke. =pétunia=, _n.m._, (bot.) petunia. =pétunsé= _or_ =pétunzé=, _n.m._, petunse, china-stone. =peu=, _adv._, little, not much, few, not many. _— ou point_; little or nothing. _Ni — ni point_; none at all. _— d’argent_; little money. _— d’hommes_; few men. _— aimable_; not very amiable. _Fort —_; very little. _Quelque —_; a little. _Si — que_; however little. _Si — que rien_; next to nothing. _Tant soit —_; ever so little. _— à —_; by degrees. _Dans —_, _dans — de temps_; in a little _or_ short time. _Dans — de jours_; in a few days. _À — près_, _à — de chose près_; nearly about, within a trifle. _Attendez un —_; wait a little. _Imaginez un —!_ just fancy! _Pour — que_; if only ... if at all ... if ... ever so little. =peu=, _n.m._, little, few. _Le — que je vaux_; the little (that) I am worth. _Encore un —_; a little longer; a little more. _Se contenter de —_; to be contented with little. _Vivre de —_; to live on next to nothing. =peulvan= _or_ =peulven=, _n.m._, (archæol.) menhir. =peuplade=, _n.f._, colony; tribe; horde. =peuple=, _adj._, (l.u.) vulgar, common. =peuplé=, =-e=, _adj._, peopled; stocked; planted (with); filled (with). =peuple=, _n.m._, people, nation, race, tribe; multitude, crowd, citizens, working classes, lower classes; vulgar; fry (fish); sucker (of a plant); ☉(bot.) poplar; (techn.) deal-wood. _Le menu —_, _le bas —_, _le petit —_; the common people. _La lie du —_; the scum of the people. _Mettre du — dans un étang_; to stock a pond with fry. =peuplement=, _n.m._, peopling; stocking a poultry-yard, a pond; planting new trees. =peupler=, _v.a._, to people, to populate; to stock with inhabitants; to stock with animals; to plant, to propagate; to breed. _se_ =peupler=, _v.r._, to become peopled. =peupler=, _v.n._, to multiply, to breed. =peuplier=, _n.m._, poplar. =peur=, _n.f._, fear, fright; dread, terror. _Avoir —_; to be afraid. _Avoir grand’peur_; to be in great fear. _Mourir de —_; to be frightened to death, to die of fright. _Faire — à quelqu’un_; to frighten any one. _Sans —_; fearless. _En être quitte pour la —_; to get off with the fright; to be merely frightened. _Avoir — de son ombre_; to be afraid of one’s shadow. _Être mis à faire —_; to look a fright. _Avoir plus de — que de mal_; to be more frightened than hurt. _De — de_; for fear of. _De — que_; lest, for fear that. _De — qu’il ne le sache_; lest he should know it. =peureu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, fearful, timid, timorous. =peut-être=, _adj._, perhaps, may be, perchance, peradventure. _— viendra-t-il_, _— qu’il viendra_; perhaps he will come. _— que oui_; perhaps so. =peut-être=, _n.m._, perhaps, supposition. _Il n’y a pas de —_; there is no perhaps in the matter. =phaéton=, _n.m._, phaeton, (fam.) Jehu, driver. =phagédénique=, _adj._, (med.) phagedenic. =phagédénisme=, _n.m._, (med.) phagedena. =phalange=, _n.f._, phalanx, battalion, band; force, host; (anat.) phalanx. =phalanger=, _n.m._, (mam.) phalanger. =phalangite=, _n.m._, soldier of a phalanx. =phalanstère=, _n.m._, phalanstery. =phalanstérien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _n._ and _adj._, phalansterian. =phalaris= (-ris), _n.m._, (bot.) phalaris, canary grass. =phalarope=, _n.m._, (orni.) phalarope. =phalène=, _n.f._, (ent.) moth. =phaleuce= _or_ =phaleuque=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (Gr. and Lat. poet.) hendecasyllable; hendecasyllabic. =phallique=, _adj._, phallic. =phanérogame=, _n.f._ and _adj._, (bot.) phanerogamic plant; phanerogamous. =phantaisie=, _n.f._ _V._ =fantaisie=. =phantasmagorie=, _n.f._ _V._ =fantasmagorie=. =phantasmagorique=, _adj._ _V._ =fantasmagorique=. =pharaon=, _n.m._, Pharaoh. =pharaon=, _n.m._, faro, pharaon (card game). =pharaonique=, _adj._, Pharaonic. =phare=, _n.m._, light-house, beacon, beacon-light. _— flottant_; light-ship. *=pharillon=, _n.m._, lantern (used by fishermen to attract fish at night). =pharisaïque=, _adj._, Pharisaic, Pharisaical. =pharisaïsme=, _n.m._, Pharisaism. =pharisien= (-zi-in), _n.m._, =-ne= (-zi-è-n), _n.f._, Pharisee. =pharmaceutique=, _n.f._ and _adj._, pharmaceutics; pharmaceutical. =pharmacie=, _n.f._, pharmacy; chemist’s shop; apothecary’s shop, apothecary’s business; medicine chest; dispensary. _— domestique_; medicine chest. =pharmacien= (-in), _n.m._, apothecary; chemist and druggist. =pharmacologie=, _n.f._, pharmacology. =pharmacologique=, _adj._, relating to pharmacology. =pharmacopée=, _n.f._, pharmacopœia. =pharmacopole=, _n.m._, (jest.) pharmacopolist; vendor of drugs. =pharyngite=, _n.f._, (med.) pharyngitis. =pharynx=, _n.m._, pharynx. =phase=, _n.f._, phase, phasis; aspect; stage, period, turn. =phaséole=, _n.f._ _V._ =faséole=. =phébé=, _n.f._, (poet.) the moon. =phébus= (-bûs), _n.m._, (myth.) Phœbus; (fig.) ranter, fine talker; bombast, fustian. _Parler —_; to talk fustian, to rant. _Donner dans le —_; to write fustian. =phénicien=, =-ne= (-ci-in, -ci-è-n), _n._ and _adj._, Phœnician. =phénicoptère=, _n.m._, (orni.) phenicopter, flamingo. =phénique=, _adj._, (chem.) carbolic, phenic. =phénix= (fé-niks), _n.m._, phenix, fabulous bird; (astron.) Phenix. _C’est un —_; he is a very marvel. =phénol=, _n.m._, phenol. =phénoménal=, =-e=, _adj._, phenomenal. =phénomène=, _n.m._, phenomenon. _C’est un — que de vous voir ici_; it is quite a miracle, a wonder, to see you here. =phil-= _or_ =philo-=, a prefix from Gr. φίλος. =philanthrope=, _n.m._, philanthropist. =philanthropie=, _n.f._, philanthropy. =philanthropique=, _adj._, philanthropic. =philharmonique=, _adj._, philharmonic. =philhellène=, _n.m.f._, philhellenist. =philinte=, _n.m._, (fig.) everybody’s friend. =philippique=, _n.f._, philippic. =philistin=, _n.m._, philistine; (fig.) snob, cockney, vulgar fellow. =phillyrée=, _n.f._, (bot.) phillyrea. =philologie=, _n.f._, philology. =philologique=, _adj._, philological. =philologue=, _n.m._, philologist. =philomathique=, _adj._, philomathic. =philomèle=, _n.f._, (poet.) philomela (the nightingale). =philosophale=, _adj.f._, philosopher’s. _Pierre —_; philosopher’s stone. =philosophe=, _n.m._, philosopher. =philosopher=, _v.n._, to philosophize. =philosophie=, _n.f._, philosophy; (print.) small pica; sixth form (in French public-schools). =philosophique=, _adj._, philosophical. =philosophiquement= (-fik-mān), _adv._, philosophically. =philosophisme=, _n.m._, philosophism. =philosophiste=, _n.m._, philosophist. =philotechnique= (-tèk-nik), _adj._, philotechnic. =philtre=, _n.m._, philter. =phimosis= (-zis), _n.m._, (med.) phimosis. =phlébite=, _n.f._, (med.) phlebitic. =phlébotome=, _n.m._, (surg.) lancet (for bleeding). =phlébotomie=, _n.f._, phlebotomy. =phlébotomiser=, _v.a._, to phlebotomize. =phlébotomiste=, _n.m._, phlebotomist. =phlegmagogue=, _adj._, expectorant. =phlegmasie=, _n.f._, phlegmasy. =phlegmatique=, _adj._ _V._ =flegmatique=. =phlegme=, _n.m._ _V._ =flegme=. =phlegmon=, _n.m._, (med.) phlegmon. =phlegmoneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) phlegmonous. ☉=phlogistique=, _n.m._, (chem.) phlogiston. =phlogose=, _n.f._, (med.) inflammation. =phlox=, _n.m._, (bot.) phlox. =phlyctène=, _n.f._, (med.) bulla, blister. =phœnicure=, _n.m._, (orni.) red-start, red-tail. =pholade=, _n.f._, (conch.) pholas. =phonétique=, _adj._, phonetic. =phonique=, _n.f._ and _adj._, phonics; phonic. =phonograph=, _n.m._, phonograph; (pers.) phonographer. =phonographie=, _n.f._, phonography. =photographique=, _adj._, phonographical. =phonolithe=, _n.m._, (min.) phonolite. =phonologie=, _n.f._, phonology. =phonomètre=, _n.m._, (phys.) phonometer (to measure the intensity of sound). =phoque=, _n.m._, (mam.) phoca, seal, sea-dog. =phormion= _or_ =phormione=, _n.m._, (bot.) phormium. =phosphate=, _n.m._, (chem.) phosphate. =phosphite=, _n.m._, (chem.) phosphite. =phosphore=, _n.m._, phosphorus. =phosphorescence=, _n.f._, phosphorescence. =phosphorescent=, =-e=, _adj._, phosphorescent. =phosphoreux=, _adj._, phosphorous. =phosphorique=, _adj._, phosphoric. =phosphure=, _n.m._, phosphuret. =phosphuré=, =-e=, _adj._, phosphureted. =photographe=, _n.m._, photographist, photographer. =photographie=, _n.f._, photography, photograph. =photographier=, _v.a._, to photograph. =photographique=, _adj._, photographic. =photolithographie=, _n.f._, photolithography. =photomètre=, _n.m._, (phys.) photometer. =photométrie=, _n.f._, photometry. =photométrique=, _adj._, photometric. =photophobie=, _n.f._, (med.) photophobia. =photosphère=, _n.f._, (astron.) photosphere. =phrasaire=, _n.m._, phrase-book. =phrase=, _n.f._, phrase, sentence, affected style, empty talk, twaddle. _— faite_; idiomatic phrase. _Faire des —s_; to talk in set phrases. _— toute faite_; common-place, common topic. _Membre de —_; clause. =phrasé=, =-e=, _part._ _adj._, phrased. =phraséologie=, _n.f._, phraseology. =phraser=, _v.a._ and _n._, (mus.) to mark the phrases; to form phrases, to phrase. =phraseur= _or_ =phrasier=, _n.m._, (fam.) phraseologist; prolix, verbose, tedious writer or talker, twaddler; bombastic writer. =phrénésie=, =phrénétique=. _V._ =frénésie=, =frénétique=. =phrénique=, _adj._, (anat.) phrenic. =phrénologie=, _n.f._, phrenology. =phrénologique=, _adj._, phrenologic. =phrénologiste= _or_ =phrénologue=, _n.m._, phrenologist. =phrygien=, =-ne=, _adj._, phrygian. _Bonnet —_; phrygian cap (the cap of Liberty). _Mode —_; (mus.) warlike music (in use among the ancient Greeks). =phtiriasis=, _n.f._, (med.) pedicular disease. =phtisie=, _n.f._, (med.) phthisis, consumption. _Être atteint de la —_; to be in consumption, to be consumptive. =phtisique=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, consumptive person, person in consumption; phthisical, consumptive. =phylactère=, _n.m._, phylactery. =phylarque=, _n.m._, (antiq.) phylarch. =phyllithe=, _n.m._, phyllite. =phylloxera=, _n.m._, (_—_) (ent., agri.) phylloxera. =physicien= (-in), _n.m._, natural philosopher. =physico-mathématique=, _adj._, physico-mathematical. =physiocrate=, _n.m._, economist (one who believes that wealth is founded upon agriculture). =physiognomonie=, _n.f._, physiognomy (art). =physiognomonique=, _adj._, physiognomic. =physiographe=, _n.m._, physiographer. =physiographie=, _n.f._, physiography. =physiographique=, _adj._, physiographical. =physiologie=, _n.f._, physiology. =physiologique=, _adj._, physiological. =physiologiste=, _n.m._, physiologist. =physionomie=, _n.f._, physiognomy, countenance, aspect, look; physiognomy (art). =physionomiste=, _n.m._, physiognomist. =physique=, _n.f._, physics, natural philosophy. =physique=, _adj._, physical, material, bodily; absolute, real. =physique=, _n.m._, physique, natural constitution of a man; outward appearance. =physiquement= (fi-zik-mān), _adv._, physically, bodily. =phytographie=, _n.f._, phytography. =phytolithe=, _n.m._, phytolite, petrified plant. =phytologie=, _n.f._, phytology. =piaculaire=, _adj._, expiatory. ☉=piaffe=, _n.f._, ostentation; show, dash. =piaffer=, _v.n._, (man.) to paw the ground, to prance (of horses); ☉to make a show, to cut a dash. =piaffeur=, _n.m._ and _adj._, pawer, prancer, pawing the ground (of horses); (fig.) showy _or_ dashy person. *=piailler=, _v.n._, to bawl, to squall, to scold; to rant. _Des enfants qui piaillent toujours_; children constantly screaming, squalling brats. *=piaillerie=, _n.f._, bawling, squalling. *=piailleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, scold; squaller, bawler, bawling man _or_ woman. =pian=, _n.m._, (med.) yaws. =pianino=, _n.m._, (_—s_) upright piano. =pianissimo=, _adv._, very softly. =pianiste=, _n.m.f._, pianist. =piano=, _adv._, (mus.) piano, softly. =piano= (_—s_) _or_ =piano-forte= (_—s-—_) _or_ =forte-piano= (_—-—s_), _n.m._, piano-forte. _— à queue_; grand piano. _— carré_; square piano, cottage piano. _— droit_; upright _or_ cottage piano. _Jouer du —_; to play on the piano. =piast= _or_ =piaste=, _n.m._, Polish nobleman. =piastre=, _n.f._, piaster (coin). =piaulard=, =piauleur=, _n.m._, puler, whiner. =piaulement=, _n.m._, whining, puling. =piauler=, _v.n._, to pule, to whine; (of chickens) to pip. =pible=, _n.m._, (nav.) pole. _Mât à —_; pole-mast. =pic=, _n.m._, pick, pickax; (nav.) gaff; (orni.) woodpecker; peak (of a mountain); pique (at the game of piquet). _À —_; perpendicularly; (nav.) apeak; (pop.) just in time. =pica=, _n.m._, (med.) pica. =picador=, _n.m._, (_—s_) picador. =picard=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Picardian; (fig.) cunning, cautious fellow; artful dodger. =picholine=, _n._ and _adj._ _f._, pickled olive; pickled. ☉=picorée=, _n.f._, marauding, pilfering, plundering. _Aller à la —_; to go a plundering, to go out marauding. =picorer=, _v.n._, ☉to go out marauding, plundering; (fig.) to plagiarize, to crib. =picoreur=, _n.m._, ☉marauder; plagiarist, cribber. =picot=, _n.m._, splinter (of wood); purl (of lace). =picoté=, =-e=, _part._, pricked, marked. _Il est — de petite vérole_; he is pitted with small-pox. =picotelle=, _n.f._, (orni.) nut-hatch. =picotement= (pi-kot-mān), _n.m._, pricking, tingling, itching. =picoter=, _v.a._, to prick, to tingle; to provoke, to tease; to peck (of birds); (man.) to touch (gently) with the spur. _se_ =picoter=, _v.r._, to tease, to irritate, to torment, one another. =picoterie= (pi-ko-trî), _n.f._, (fam.) teasing, bickering. =picotin=, _n.m._, peck (of oats). =picrate=, _n.m._, (chem.) carbazotate, picrate. =picrique=, _adj._, (chem.) carbazotic, picric. =pic-vert=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_). _V._ =pivert=. =pie=, _n.f._, (orni.) magpie, pie. _—-grièche_, (_—s-—s_) shrike; shrew, vixen. _Elle jase comme une —_; she chatters like a magpie. _Il croit avoir trouvé la — au nid_; he thinks he has made a great discovery; he has found a mare’s nest. =pie=, _adj._, (l.u.) pious, charitable; (of horses) piebald. =pièce=, _n.f._, piece, length, fragment, trick; play, performance; document, paper; head (of cattle, of poultry, game); apartment; puncheon, cask (of oil, wine, etc.); piece of ordnance, cannon; document; joint (of cooked meat). _Mettre en —s_; to pull, to tear, to pieces. _Être armé de toutes —s_; to be armed at all points. _Faire de toutes —s_; to do a thing entirely, to carry anything through. _Emporter la —_; to sting to the quick, to strike home. _Rassemblage de —s_; patchwork. _— de vin_; puncheon of wine. _En —_; in the cask, in the wood. _— d’eau_; sheet of water. _Une — d’artillerie_; a piece of ordnance. _—s de campagne_; field-pieces. _—s de batterie_; heavy ordnance. _— de théâtre_; play. _Être bien près de ses —s_; to have very little money. _Tout d’une —_; all of a piece; (of persons) bolt upright. _Jouer une — à quelqu’un_; to play any one a trick. _Accommoder_, _habiller de toutes —s_; to abuse soundly, to rate, to treat ill, to fall foul of. _Travailler à l’emporte —_; to work by fits and starts, feverishly, to scamp work. _Une bonne —_; a cunning blade. _Donnez la —_; to tip. _— de résistance_; principal dish, joint. _— justificative_; voucher. _— de conviction_; material, circumstantial evidence. _— à —_; bit by bit. _Tant la —_; so much a piece, a cask. _Travailler à ses —s_; to work by the job. =piécette=, _n.f._, small Spanish silver coin, peseta. =pied= (pié), _n.m._, foot; footing; track; leg (of furniture); bottom, ground; pace, slip, track; stalk (of plants). _Les doigts du —_; the toes. _— bot_; club-foot, club-footed. _Avoir des cors aux —s_; to have corns on one’s feet. _Le cou-de-—_, (_—s-—_) the instep. _Marcher sur la pointe du —_; to walk on tip-toe. _Un coup de —_; a kick. _Donner des coups de — à_; to kick. _Aller à —_; to go on foot. _Sur —_; on foot, standing, astir, sitting up. _Taper du —_; to stamp. _Marcher —s nus_; to walk barefooted. _Mettre sous ses —s_; to trample upon. _Les —s de devant_; the fore-feet. _Petits-—s_, (_—_) small fowl, small game. _— plat_, _plat —_; flat foot; (fig.) knave, mean rascal. _— poudreux_; vagabond, rascal, scoundrel. _Une coutume qui prend —_; a custom that is gaining ground. _Perdre —_; to get out of one’s depth. _Avoir —_; not to be out of one’s depth. _—s et poings liés_; tied hand and foot. _Lâcher —_; to give way, to fall back. _Prendre — sur quelque chose_; to take anything as a precedent. _Ne savoir sur quel — danser_; not to know which way to turn. _Sauter à —s joints_; to jump upon; (fig.) to ride rough-shod over. _Tenir le — sur la gorge de quelqu’un_; to attempt to force any one to do anything. _Tenir — à boule_; to stick to one’s work. _Couper l’herbe sous le — à quelqu’un_; to supplant any one. _Il a été sur — toute la nuit_; he has been up all night. _De — en cap_; cap-a-pie, from head to foot. _Haut le —_; be off with you; let us be off at once! _Faire haut le —_; to vanish, to disappear; to run away. _Haut-le-—_, (_—_) (fam.) a man with no fixed residence; a scoundrel. _Renvoyer des chevaux haut le —_; to send horses away without saddles _or_ harness. _Au — de la lettre_; strictly speaking, literally. _Si vous lui donnez un —, il en prendra quatre_; give him an inch and he’ll take an ell. _Il a trouvé chaussure à son —_; he has found just what he wanted; he has met with his match. _Il s’est tiré une épine du —_; he pulled a thorn out of his foot; (fig.) he has got out of a difficulty. _Être en —_; to be in the exercise of one’s functions. _De — ferme_; without stirring, firmly. _De plain —_; on a level with. _Être assis au — d’un arbre_; to be seated at the foot of a tree. _Un — de céleri_; a stick of celery. _Le — du lit_; the foot of the bed. _Le — d’une table_; the leg of a table. _— de mât_; heel of a mast. _Cela a tant de —s de long_; that is so many feet long. _— à —_; step by step; by degrees. _Sur le — de_; at the rate of. _D’arrache-—_; without intermission, without stopping. _Au petit —_; on a small scale. _Faire des —s et des mains pour_; to do one’s utmost (to), to leave no stone unturned (to). _Sur le — où en sont les choses_; as matters stand. _Avoir bon —, bon œil_; to be hale and hearty. _Mettre quelqu’un à —_; to dismiss a functionary; to deprive a cabman of his license. _Ne pas se moucher du —_; to give one’s self airs; to be no fool. _Sécher sur —_; to pine away. _La mort l’a pris au — levé_; death took him without warning, unawares. _Aller du — comme un chat maigre_; to be a capital walker. =pied-à-terre=, _n.m._, (_—_) temporary lodging; country-box; shooting lodge. =pied-d’alouette=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) (bot.) larkspur. =pied-de-coq=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) (bot.) cock’s-foot-grass. =pied-de-lion=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) (bot.) lion’s-foot. =pied-de-poule=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) (bot.) crowfoot. =pied-de-veau=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) calf’s foot; (bot.) cuckoo-pint, wake-robin. =pied-d’oiseau=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) (bot.) bird’s-foot. =pied-droit=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (arch.) pier; pied droit, upright, pillar. =piédestal=, _n.m._, (arch.) pedestal. =pied-fort=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (coin.) a gold, silver, _or_ copper coin (thicker than others). =piédouche=, _n.m._, (arch.) piedouche, small pedestal for a bust, a vase, etc. =piège=, _n.m._, snare, trap, decoy. _Tendre_, _dresser_, _un —_; to set a snare. _Prendre au —_; to catch in a trap. _Il a donné_, _il est tombé_, _dans le —_; he fell into the snare. =pie-grièche=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) (orni.) shrike; (pers.) shrew. =pie-mère=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) (anat.) pia mater. *=pierraille=, _n.f._, broken stone. =pierre=, _n.f._, stone, flint; (fig.) steel, rock; gem; (med.) calculus. _— de taille_; freestone. _— à aiguiser_; grindstone. _— précieuse_; gem, precious stone. _— fausse_; paste. _— à fusil_; flint. _— à cautère_; potential cautery. _— d’achoppement_; stumbling-block. _— de touche_; touchstone. _Première —_; foundation-stone. _La — philosophale_; the philosopher’s stone. _Il gèle à — fendre_; it is freezing extremely hard. _Jeter la — à quelqu’un_; to attack any one (in words). _Jeter des —s dans le jardin de quelqu’un_; to throw out insinuations against any one. _— d’attente_; (mas.) toothing; (fig.) stepping-stone. _— angulaire_; corner-stone. _— d’évier_; gutter-stone, kitchen-sink. _— milliaire_; milestone. _Faire d’une — deux coups_; to kill two birds with one stone. _— qui roule n’amasse pas de mousse_; a rolling stone gathers no moss. _Faire rire un tas de —s_; to make a cat laugh. =pierrée=, _n.f._, (engineering) rubble drain. =pierreries= (pièr-rî), _n.f.pl._, jewels, precious stones. =pierrette=, _n.f._, little stone, pebble; (orni.) hen-sparrow. =pierreu-x=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, stony, flinty, gritty, gravely; calculous. =pierrier=, _n.m._, stone drain, swivel-gun. =pierrot=, _n.m._, house-sparrow; clown, merry-andrew. =pierrures=, _n.f.pl._, (hunt.) pearls; bur (of deer). =piété=, _n.f._, piety, godliness; love, affection. =piéter=, _v.n._, to foot the mark (at games). =piéter=, _v.a._, ☉to set against. _— l’étrave_, _l’étambord_, _le gouvernail_; (nav.) to mark the numbers of feet on the stem, on the stern-post, on the rudder. ☉_se_ =piéter=, _v.r._, to resist, to set one’s self against. =piétinement= (-ti-n-mān), _n.m._, moving of feet; stamping, trampling. =piétiner=, _v.n._, to stamp, to move one’s feet about. _— de colère_; to stamp with rage. =piétiner=, _v.a._, to tread, _or_ to trample, under foot, to trample on. =piétisme=, _n.m._, pietism. =piétiste=, _n.m._, pietist. =piéton=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, pedestrian, foot-passenger; rural postman. =piètre=, _adj._, (fam.) shabby, wretched; pitiful. _n._, vagabond, tramp, loafer. =piètrement=, _adv._, (fam.) pitifully, wretchedly, shabbily. =piètrerie=, _n.f._, (l.u.) shabby thing, wretched stuff. =piette=, _n.f._, (orni.) weasel-coot. =pieu=, _n.m._, stake, pile, post, pale. =pieusement= (pi-eûz-mān), _adv._, piously, devoutly, religiously; implicitly, obediently; reverently. =pieuvre=, _n.f._, (mol.) octopus, poulp, cat-o’nine tails. =pieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, pious, godly, religious, holy. =pif=, _n.m._, bottle-nose, nozzle. _— paf_; (int.) slap! bang! =piffre=, _n.m._, =-sse=, _n.f._, (l.ex.) stout person; glutton. _se_ =piffrer=, _v.r._, (l.ex.) to eat greedily, _or_ to excess. =pigamon=, _n.m._, meadow-rue. =pigeon= (-jon), _n.m._, pigeon, dove; dupe, gull. _— culbutant_; tumbler. _— à grosse gorge_; pouter, cropper. _— ramier_; wood-pigeon. _— voyageur_ or _messager_; carrier-pigeon. _Des —s à la crapaudine_; broiled pigeons. _Gorge de —_; shot-colored (of silks). =pigeonneau= (-jo-no), _n.m._, young pigeon. =pigeonnier= (-jo-nié), _n.m._, pigeon-house, dove-cot. =pigment=, _n.m._, (anat.) pigment. *=pigne=, _n.f._, (metal.) pena gold, pena silver; (bot.) kernel of the fir-apple. *=pignocher=, _v.n._, to eat without appetite, to pick here and there; to nibble at food. *=pignon=, _n.m._, gable end, gable (of a house); kernel (of a fir-apple); (mec.) pinion. _Avoir — sur rue_; to have a house of one’s own. =pignorati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (jur.) with power of redemption. =pilaire=, _adj._, pilous, pilose, hairy. =pilastre=, _n.m._, (arch.) pilaster. =pilau=, _n.m._, pillaff (stewed rice). =pile=, _n.f._, pile, heap; pier (of a bridge); mole (mas.); (arch.) tambour; (of coins) reverse, pile. _Mettre en —_; to pile up. _— de cuivre_; pile of weights. _— voltaïque_, _— de Volta_, _— galvanique_; voltaic, galvanic battery. _— ou face_, _croix ou —_; head or tail, man or woman. _Jouer à — ou face_, or _à croix ou —_; to play at heads or tails, to toss. _N’avoir ni croix ni —_; to be penniless, destitute. =pile-culée=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) abutment-pier. =piler=, _v.a._, to pound, to crash, to powder. =pileur=, _n.m._, pounder, beater. =pileu-x=, =-se=, _adj._ _V._ =pilaire=. =pilier=, _n.m._, pillar, column, post; (pers.) support, supporter, fixture; constant frequenter; stump (leg). _— de cabaret_; tavern-haunter, regular tippler. _— butant_; butting pillar. _— de carrière_; pillar, support of a quarry. *=pillage=, _n.m._, pillage, plunder, pilfering, plundering. _Livrer au —_; to give up to plunder. _Tout y est au —_; everything is at the mercy of any one, can be had for the taking. *=pillard=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, pillager, plunderer; pillaging, plundering. *=piller=, _v.a._, to pillage, to plunder, to ransack; to purloin, to pilfer; to attack (of dogs). _— une ville_; to plunder a town. _Ce chien pille tous les autres chiens_; that dog attacks, _or_ flies at, all the other dogs. _Pille! Pille!_ seize him! seize him! *=pillerie=, _n.f._, pillage, plunder, pilfer, extortion. *=pilleur=, _n.m._, pillager, plunderer, pilferer. =pilon=, _n.m._, pestle; stamper. _Mettre au —_; to tear up (books). =pilonnage=, _n.m._, (tech.) pugging; pounding, stamping, milling. =pilonner=, _v.a._, (tech.) to pug; to pound, to mill, to stamp. =pilori=, _n.m._, pillory. _Mettre quelqu’un au —_; (fig.) to defame anybody. =pilorier=, _v.a._, to pillory, to put in the pillory, to slander, to libel, to asperse. =piloris=, _n.m._, (mam.) musk-rat. =piloselle=, _n.f._, (bot.) mouse-ear. =pilot= (pi-lô), _n.m._, (tech.) heap of salt; pile, stake of timber. =pilotage=, _n.m._, pile-driving, piling; (nav.) piloting. =pilote=, _n.m._, pilot, guide. _— côtier_; coasting pilot. _— lamaneur_; coasting, harbor, river pilot. _— hauturier_; sea pilot. =piloter=, _v.a._ and _n._, (tech.) to pile, to drive piles in. =piloter=, _v.a._, (nav.) to pilot; (fig., fam.) to pilot, to guide, to serve as a guide. =pilotin=, _n.m._, (nav.) pilot’s apprentice. =pilotis=, _n.m._, piling, pile-work; stilt. =pilule=, _n.f._, (pharm.) pill. _Dorer la —_; to gild the pill. =pilulier=, _n.m._, pill-machine. =pilum=, _n.m._, (_—_) (antiq.) pilum (Roman antiq.). =pimbèche=, _n.f._, impertinent woman, saucy baggage. _Quelle —!_ what a minx! =piment=, _n.m._, pimento, capsicum, all-spice. =pimpant=, =-e=, _adj._, natty, tidy; fine, spruce, smart, stylish. =pimprenelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) pimpernel, burnet. _— d’Afrique_; honey-flower. =pin=, _n.m._, (bot.) pine-tree, pine, Scotch fir. _Pomme de —_; fir-cone; fir-nut; fir-apple. =pinace=, _n.f._ _V._ =pinasse=. =pinacle=, _n.m._, pinnacle. _Mettre quelqu’un sur le —_; to praise any one to the skies. _Il est sur le —_; he is as high as he can go. =pinaie=, _n.f._, pine-plantation. =pinasse= _or_ =pinace=, _n.f._, (nav.) pinnace. =pinastre=, _n.m._, (bot.) pinaster. =pinçard=, _adj._, wearing the shoe at the toe (of a horse). =pince=, _n.f._, pliers, nippers; tongs; hold; gripe; crow, crowbar (lever); sharp-pointed fold (in garments); toe (of a horse’s foot); claw (of a lobster); edge (of a deer’s hoof); (surg.) forceps. _Petites —s_; tweezers. _—s à sucre_; sugar-tongs. _—s d’un cheval_; horse’s fore-teeth. _— d’un fer à cheval_; front of a horse-shoe. _Prendre une bûche avec la —_; to take up a log with the tongs. _Être menacé de la —_, _craindre la —_; to be in danger of being arrested, to fear arrest. _Gare la —!_ mind you are not sent to prison! _Avoir la — forte_, _la — rude_; to have a good gripe. =pincé=, =-e=, _adj._, pinched; affected, stiff, prim; thin; tight. _—!_ caught! found out! taken in! =pinceau=, _n.m._, pencil, brush. _Trait_, _coup_, _de —_; dash, stroke, of the pencil. _Avoir un beau —_; (paint.) to have a fine touch. _— à barbe_; shaving brush. =pincée=, _n.f._, pinch. =pincelier=, _n.m._, (paint.) dip-cup, smutch-pot. *=pince-maille=, _n.m._, (_—_, or _—-—s_) pinch-penny, skinflint, screw. =pincement=, _n.m._, (agri.) pinching, nipping off of the heads of buds. =pince-nez=, _n.m._, (_—_) double eye-glass, folding eye-glass; folder. =pincer=, _v.a._, to pinch, to press, to hold fast, to gripe, to bite; to nip, to nip off; to rally, to reproach; to surprise, to catch; to play (the guitar, harp); (nav.) to hug. _— les petits bourgeons d’un arbre_; to nip off the small buds of a tree. _— de la harpe_; to play upon the harp. _— quelqu’un_; to give any one a nip. _Il pince en riant_; he can nip and laugh. _— le vent_; (nav.) to hug _or_ haul close to the wind. _Se faire —_; to get caught, to get found out, taken in. _se_ =pincer=, _v.r._, to pinch one’s self. =pincer=, _v.n._, to pinch, to rally, to reproach; to play (the guitar, harp); (man.) to spur gently. =pince-sans-rire=, _n.m._, (_—_) sly, malicious person; dry joker. =pincette=, _n.f._, _or_ =pincettes=, _n.f.pl._, tongs, tweezers, nippers. _On ne le toucherait pas avec des —s_; a person would not touch him with a pair of tongs. =pinchina=, _n.m._, thick, coarse woolen cloth. =pinçon=, _n.m._, pinch (mark). =pinçure=, _n.f._, pinching, pinch; crease. =pindarique=, _adj._, pindaric. =pindariser=, _v.n._, to speak affectedly; to talk fustian, bombast; to write fustian, bombast. =pindariseur=, _n.m._, ranter, talker of fustian, bombast; writer of fustian, bombast. =pinde=, _n.m._, Pindus; (fig.) poets, poetry. =pinéal=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) pineal. =pineau=, _n.m._, black Burgundy grape. =pingouin= _or_ =pinguin=, _n.m._, (orni.) penguin; auk. =pingre=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (pop.) miser, skinflint; avaricious, mean, stingy, close-fisted. =pinne= _or_ =pinne marine=, _n.f._, (mol.) pinna. =pinné=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) pinnate, pinnated. =pinnule=, _n.f._, pinnule, sight-vane (of instruments). =pinque=, _n.f._, (nav.) pink. =pinson=, _n.m._, (orni.) finch; chaffinch. _Gai comme un —_; as gay as a lark, as merry as a grig. =pintade=, _n.f._, (orni.) Guinea-fowl, pearl-hen. =pintadeau=, _n.m._, Guinea-chick. =pinte=, _n.f._, pint (obsolete measure). =pinter=, _v.n._, to tipple, to guzzle. =piochage=, _n.m._, digging, working, fagging. =pioche=, _n.f._, pickax, mattock. =piocher=, _v.a._, to dig. =piocher=, _v.n._, to dig; to fag, to work hard, to study hard; to fight. =piocheur=, _n.m._, digger; hard-working student; fag, sweater. =pioler=. _V._ =piauler=. =pion=, _n.m._, pawn (at chess); man (at draughts); man without property _or_ resources; usher (in a school). _Damer le — à quelqu’un_; to outdo any one. =pionce=, _n.f._, nap, snooze, forty winks. =pioncer=, _v.n._, to snooze, to have a nap, to have forty winks. =pionceur=, _n.m._, snoozer, heavy sleeper. =pione=, _n.f._ _V._ =pivoine= (bot.). =pionner=, _v.n._, to take pawns (at chess). =pionnier=, _n.m._, pioneer. =piot= (piô), _n.m._, (pop.) wine. =piote=, _n.f._, a species of gondola. =pioupiou= (pioo-), _n.m._, (_—s_) (pop.) foot-soldier, tommy, worm-crusher. =pipe=, _n.f._, pipe, tobacco-pipe; pipe (cask). =pipeau=, _n.m._, pipe, oaten pipe, reed-pipe, shepherd’s pipe; bird-call; limed twig; snare. =pipée=, _n.f._, bird-catching (with a bird-call); (fig.) deceit, trickery. _Prendre à la —_; to catch with a bird-call; (fig.) to cozen, to take in. =piper=, _v.a._, to catch birds with a bird-call; to deceive, to trick; to dupe, to cheat; to prepare (cards); to load, to cog (dice). =piperesse=, (st.e.) _fem._ of =pipeur=, _q.v._ ☉=piperie= (pi-prî), _n.f._, cheating (at play); deceit, trickery. =pipeu-r=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, cheat, trickster (at play); cheat, deceiver; cheating, deceitful. =pipi=, _n.m._, (triv.) urine, water. _Faire —_; to piddle. =pipi= _or_ =pitpit=, _n.m._, (orni.) titling, titlark, pipit. =pipoir=, _n.m._, owl-call. =piquamment=, _adv._, piquantly, smartly. =piquant=, =-e=, _adj._, prickly, stinging; sharp, pungent; biting, nipping; cutting, keen; lively, piquant, pointed, smart. _De la moutarde —e_; hot mustard. _Froid —_; biting cold. _Des mots —s_; pointed words, cutting words. _Il a une conversation —e_; his conversation is very smart. _Elle a l’air —_; she has a lively, attractive, pleasing appearance. =piquant=, _n.m._, prickle; quill (of porcupines); pungency, pith, point, fun, cream; piquancy. _Le — de la chose_; the point, fun, _or_ cream of the thing. =pique=, _n.f._, pike (weapon); pique, grudge, spite, quarrel. _Bois de —_; pikestaff. _Demi-—_; short pike. _Être à cent —s de_; to be miles off in guessing. _Être à cent —s au-dessus_, _au-dessous_, _de quelqu’un_, _de quelque chose_; to be far above, below, any one _or_ anything. _Petite —_; slight pique, quarrel, tiff. _Par —_; out of pique _or_ out of spite. =pique=, _n.m._, spade (at cards). _As de —_; (fig.) parson’s _or_ pope’s nose. =piqué=, =-e=, _part._, quilted; larded. _Jupon —_; quilted petticoat. _Poulet —_; larded chicken. _Cela n’est pas — des vers_; it is a smart bit of work _or_ it is not to be sneezed at. =piqué=, _n.m._, quilting. _Goût de —_; (of wine) sourish taste, tartness. =pique-assiette=, _n.m._, (_—_, or _—-—s_) spunger; dinner-hunter; trencher-friend. =pique-bœuf=, _n.m._, (_—_, or _—-—s_) cattle-drover; (orni.) buphaga, beef-eater. =pique-nique=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) picnic. _Faire un —_; to have a picnic. =piquer=, _v.a._, to prick; to prod; to goad; to sting; to puncture; to bite; to quilt; to stitch; to lard; to stick; to prick off, to mark off; to be piquant; to excite, to stimulate, to urge on, to goad on; to pique, to gall, to nettle; to spur; (surg.) to puncture. _— les absents_; to prick off the absent. _— d’honneur_; to put on (his _or_ her) mettle. _— des bœufs_; to goad oxen. _Quelle mouche le pique?_ what has put him into a passion? what’s up with him? _— une jupe_; to quilt a petticoat. _— de la viande_; to lard meat. _— un cheval_; to spur a horse. _— la curiosité de quelqu’un_; to excite _or_ rouse any one’s curiosity. _Il en fut piqué_; he was nettled at it. _— une tête_; to take a header. _— un soleil_; (fam.) to get very red. _se_ =piquer=, _v.r._, to prick one’s self, to sting one’s self; to be offended, to be nettled, to feel affronted, to be piqued; to pride one’s self, to plume one’s self, to pique one’s self, to take a pride in; to turn sour; to become spotted. _Se — d’honneur_; to make it a point of honor; to think one’s self bound in honor. _Se — au jeu_; to persist in playing although losing. _Ce papier se pique_; this paper is becoming spotted, covered with spots. _Ce vin se pique_; this wine is turning sour. _Se — de rien_; to take offense at the least thing. =piquer=, _v.n._, to sting; to be piquant; (man.) to spur. _— des deux_; to spur a horse (with both heels); to put spurs to one’s horse; to gallop off at full speed; (fig. fam.) to go very fast; to strive hard. =piquet=, _n.m._, picket, peg, stake; (milit.) picket; piquet (card game); cluster of flowers (on a bonnet). _Être au —_; to be standing up in a corner (as a punishment in schools). _Être de —_; (milit.) to be on picket duty. _Planter le —_; to pitch the tents, to take up one’s quarters. _Lever le —_; to strike the tents; to decamp. _Aller planter le — chez quelqu’un_; to take up one’s quarters with any one. =piqueté=, =-e=, _adj._, spotted, dotted. =piqueter=, _v.a._, to set _or_ mark with stakes _or_ pickets; to fix. =piquette=, _n.f._, rape wine; sour wine; thin wine. =piqueur=, _n.m._, outrider; marker who notes down the names of persons absent; (cook.) one who lards (meat); (man.) stud-groom; (hunt.) whipper-in, huntsman. _— d’assiettes_; spunger. _— d’écurie_; head-groom. _— de vins_; wine-taster. =piqueu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, stitcher. =piquier=, _n.m._, pikeman. =piqûre=, _n.f._, pricking, prick, sting, puncture; worm-hole; (needlework) quilting, stitching; (vet.) warbles. =pirate=, _n.m._, pirate, corsair, buccaneer; extortioner. =pirater=, _v.n._, to pirate, to exercise piracy, to commit piracy. =piraterie= (pi-ra-trî), _n.f._, piracy; act of piracy; extortion. =pire=, _adj._ and _n.m._, worse, worst. _Le remède est — que le mal_; the remedy is worse than the disease. _Le —_; the worst. _Il n’y a — sourd que celui qui ne veut pas entendre_; none so deaf as those who won’t hear. _Il n’y a — eau que l’eau qui dort_; still waters run deep. =piriforme=, _adj._, (anat.) pear-shaped. =pirogue= (pi-rog), _n.f._, pirogue, canoe, jolly boat. =pirole=, _n.f._, (bot.) wintergreen. =pirouette=, _n.f._, pirouette; rapid whirling round; whirligig; subterfuge. =pirouetter=, _v.n._, to pirouette; to whirl about _or_ round. =pirrhonien=, =-ne=, _adj._ _V._ =pyrrhonien=. =pirrhonisme=, _n.m._ _V._ =pyrrhonisme=. =pis=, _n.m._, udder, dug (of cows, etc.). =pis=, _adv._ and _n.m._, worse, worst. _Le — qui puisse arriver_; the worst that can happen. _Mettre quelqu’un au —_; to bid any one do his worst. _De mal en —_; from bad to worse. _De — en —_; worse and worse. _Qui — est_; what is worse. _Mettre les choses au —_; to suppose the worst. =pis aller=, _n.m._, worst; last shift, last resource; makeshift; compensation. _Au — —_; at the worst; let the worst come to the worst. _C’est votre — —_; it is your last shift, your last resource. _C’est un — —_; it is a makeshift. =piscicole=, _adj._, piscicultural. =pisciculteur=, _n.m._, pisciculturist. =pisciculture=, _n.f._, pisciculture, fish culture. =pisciforme=, _adj._, pisciform, fish-shaped. =piscine=, _n.f._, piscina. =piscivore=, _adj._, piscivorous. =pisé=, _n.m._, pisé (mas.). =pissasphalte=, _n.m._, pissasphalt. =pissat=, _n.m._, piss, urine. =pissement= (pis-mān), _n.m._, pissing. =pissenlit=, _n.m._, (bot.) dandelion; pissabed. =pisser=, _v.a._ and _n._, to piss; to make water. =pisseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, pisser. =pissoir=, _n.m._, public urinal. =pissoter=, _v.n._, to piss often. =pissotière=, _n.f._, public urinal; paltry fountain. =pistache=, _n.f._, pistachio, pistachio-nut. =pistachier=, _n.m._, pistachio-tree. =piste=, _n.f._, track, course, race-course, foot-prints, trace, trail. _Suivre quelqu’un à la —_; to follow on the track of any one. _Suivre un lièvre à la —_; to follow the scent of a hare. =pistia=, _n.m._, (bot.) water-lettuce. =pistil=, _n.m._, (bot.) pistil. =pistole=, _n.f._, pistole (gold coin of Spain); lock-up (for remanded prisoners). _Il est cousu de —s_; he is rolling in riches, _or_ made of money. =pistolet=, _n.m._, pistol. _Un coup de —_; a pistol-shot. _Tirer un coup de —_; to fire off a pistol. _— d’arçon_; horse-pistol. _Quel drôle de —!_ (fig. and fam.) what a funny sort of fellow! =piston=, _n.m._, sucker, bucket (of a pump); piston. _Fusil à —_; percussion-gun. _Tige de —_; piston-rod. _Cornet à —_; cornet. =pitance=, _n.f._, pittance, allowance (of food); dole; daily subsistence. _Maigre —_; short allowance. _Aller à la —_; to go to market. =pitaud=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, clown, lubber, lout. =pite=, _n.f._, (bot.) agave, pitahemp. =piteusement= (pi-teûz-mān), _adj._, piteously, woefully, sadly. =piteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, piteous, pitiable, woeful. _Faire —se mine_; to look the picture of misery. _Faire —se chère_; to fare badly. =pitié=, _n.f._, pity, compassion; mercy; contempt, disdain. _Emouvoir la — de quelqu’un_; to move any one’s pity. _D’un œil de —_; with an eye of pity. _Il vaut mieux faire envie que —_; better be envied than pitied. _C’est grande —_, _c’est grand’—_; it is a great pity. _Vos menaces me font —_; your threats excite my disdain (_i.e._, I despise your threats). _À faire —_; pitifully, wretchedly. _Regarder quelqu’un en —_; to take pity on, _or_ despise, any one. _Par —_; for pity’s sake; out of pity. _Il me fait —_; I pity him _or_ I despise him. =piton=, _n.m._, screw-ring, staple; (geog.) peak. =pitoyable=, _adj._, pitiful, pitiable, piteous; compassionate; contemptible, wretched. =pitoyablement=, _adv._, pitifully, piteously; wretchedly. =pittoresque= (pit-to-rèsk), _adj._, picturesque, graphic. _n.m._, picturesque, picturesqueness. =pittoresquement= (pit-to-rèsk-mān), _adv._, picturesquely, in a picturesque manner. =pitre=, _n.m._, clown. =pituitaire=, _adj._, pituitary. =pituite=, _n.f._, pituite, phlegm, mucus. =pituiteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, pituitous, phlegmatic. =pivert=, _n.m._, (orni.) green woodpecker. =pivine=, _n.f._, ash-gull. =pivite=, _n.f._, peewit, lapwing. =pivoine=, _n.m._, (orni.) bullfinch, gnat-snapper. =pivoine=, _n.f._, (bot.) pæony, peony. =pivot=, _n.m._, pin, spindle, pivot, hinge; (hort.) tap-root. _— de meule de moulin_; spindle of a mill. =pivotant=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) tap-rooted. _Racine —e_; (bot.) tap-root. =pivoter=, _v.n._, to turn on a pivot, to revolve upon, to turn. =pizzicato=, _n.m._ and _adv._, (mus.) pizzicato. =placabilité=, _n.f._, placableness, placability. =placable=, _adj._, placable. =plaçable=, _adj._, placeable, saleable. =placage=, _n.m._, plating (metal.); veneering (of wood); patchwork. =plaçage=, _n.m._, stalling (of animals); placing. =placard=, _n.m._, placard, poster, bill; (print.) slip; cupboard (in a wall); (carp.) door-leap. _Porte en —_; panel-door. =placarder=, _v.a._, to placard, to post up. _— un avis au public_; to post up a public notice; (fig.) to libel; to expose, to show up. =place=, _n.f._, place, room, seat, spot, ground; post, employment, office, town, stronghold; fortress; square; room, stead. _Retenir des —s_; to secure seats. _Mettre chaque chose à sa —_; to put each thing in its place. _Faire — à quelqu’un_; to make room for any one. _Sur —_; on the spot, on the premises. _En —!_ in your places, take your seats! _Sur la —_; upon the spot; (com.) in the market; on change. _Il ne saurait demeurer en —_; he can never stand still. _Mettez-vous à ma —_; put yourself in my place. _Si j’étais à votre —_; if I were in your place. _— de confiance_; place of trust. _Un homme en —_; a man in office. _— d’armes_; place of arms, stronghold, square, parade-ground. _— de guerre_, _— forte_; fortress, stronghold. _La — n’est plus tenable_; it is no longer possible to remain. _Demeurer_, or _rester_, _sur la —_; to be left dead on the spot, on the field. _Qui va à la chasse, perd sa —_; if you leave your place, you lose it. _— de fiacres_; hackney-coach stand. _Une voiture de —_; a hackney-coach. _La tête_, _la fin_, _de la —_; the top, the bottom, of the stand. _Avoir crédit sur la —_; (com.) to have credit (in the market, on change). _— marchande_; place good for trade, trading town. _Se faire —_; to make one’s way. _Faire la —_; (com.) to solicit orders, to canvass. _—!_ make room! make way! =placé=, =-e=, _part._, placed. _Il est bien —_; he has a good place, situation. _Il a le cœur bien —_; his heart is in the right place. _Cela n’est pas bien —_; that is ill-timed. _Haut —_; in a high position. =placement= (plas-mān), _n.m._, placing; (com.) sale; putting out, investing, investment (money). _Bureau de —_; intelligence-office; registry-office (for servants). =placenta= (-sin-ta), _n.m._, (anat., bot.) placenta. =placentaire=, _adj._, placentary, placental. =placer=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (gold digging) placer. =placer=, _v.a._, to place, to put, to seat, to get a situation for, to find a place for; to introduce (goods); to dispose, to set, to invest, to deposit, to lodge. _— de l’argent à la banque_; to lodge money in the bank. _— de l’argent sur l’Etat_; to invest money in the funds. _Il place bien ce qu’il dit_; what he says is to the purpose. _— quelqu’un_; to get any one a place. _se_ =placer=, _v.r._, to place one’s self; to obtain a situation; to be sold, to sell. =placet=, _n.m._, petition. =placeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, placer; registry office keeper. =placide=, _adj._, placid, calm, unruffled. =placidement=, _adv._, placidly, calmly. =placidité=, _n.f._, placidity, placidness; calmness. =placi-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, outdoor clerk, under-letter (of standings); (com.) town traveler, agent. =plafond=, _n.m._, ceiling. _— en voussure_; cove, coving. _— en corniche_; soffit. =plafonnage=, _n.m._, ceiling (action, work). =plafonner=, _v.a._, to ceil, to make a ceiling. =plafonneur=, _n.m._, plasterer. =plagal=, _adj._, (mus.) plagal. =plage=, _n.f._, beach, strand, shore, seashore. _— de sable_; sandy beach. _Vaisseau jeté sur la —_; ship stranded on the beach. =plagiaire=, _n.m._, plagiarist. =plagiat=, _n.m._, plagiarism. ☉=plaid=, _n.m._, plea, pleading, hearing. _Être sage au retour des —s_; to be wise after the event. _Chefs —s_; chief-pleas (court of). =plaid= (plè), _n.m._, plaid, traveling rug. =plaidable=, _adj._, pleadable. =plaidant=, _adj._, pleading, litigant. _Avocat —_; barrister, pleader. =plaider=, _v.a._, to plead, to argue, to allege; to intercede (for); to be at law, to litigate. _— quelqu’un_; to sue any one at law. _— le faux pour savoir le vrai_; to allege what is false to get at the truth. _Plaidez ma cause_; intercede for me. =plaider=, _v.n._, to plead; to be at law, to go to law. _Se —_, _v.r._, to be pleaded _or_ argued. _La cause se plaide aujourd’hui_; the case comes on for hearing to-day. =plaideu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, litigant, suitor. =plaidoirie=, _n.f._, barrister’s, counsel’s speech; address. _pl._, pleadings. =plaidoyer=, _n.m._, speech for the defense, counsel’s address. _pl._, pleadings. =plaie=, _n.f._, sore, wound; plague, evil. _Panser une —_; to dress a sore _or_ wound. _— envenimée_; rankling sore. _Mettre le doigt sur la —_; to point out the evil. _Ne demander que — et bosse_; to be bent on quarreling, to be always ready for a row. =plaignant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, (jur.) complainant, plaintiff, prosecutor; complaining. =plain=, =-e=, _adj._, plain, even, flat, level. _En —e campagne_; in open country. _Chambres de —-pied_, _—-pied_ (_—_); rooms on one floor. _—-chant_, (_n.p._) plain chant. _Cela va de — pied_; that comes as a matter of course; it is all plain sailing. =plaindre= (plaignant, plaint), _v.a._, to pity, to compassionate, to commiserate; to grudge. _Je vous plains_; I pity you. _Il est à —_; he is to be pitied. _— sa peine_; to grudge one’s pains. _— le pain qu’ils mangent_; to grudge the very bread they eat. _Il ne plaint rien à ses enfants_; he begrudges his children nothing. _se_ =plaindre=, _v.r._, to complain, to groan, to moan; to grudge one’s self. _J’ai bien lieu de me plaindre de vous_; I have good reason to complain of you. _— en justice_; to lodge a complaint in court. =plaine=, _n.f._, plain, level, lea, common, heath. =plainte=, _n.f._, complaint, action, plaint; groaning, lamentation; wailing. _Porter —_; to lodge a complaint. =plainti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, plaintive, querulous, complaining, doleful, mournful, sad. =plaintivement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, plaintively, mournfully, dolefully, sadly. =plaire= (plaisant, plu), _v.n._, to please, to be agreeable; to delight, to suit. _— à quelqu’un_; to please any one. _Cela vous plaît à dire_; you are pleased to say so. _Plaît-il?_ what do you say; beg pardon! _Je ferai ce qu’il vous plaira_; I will do what you please. _Il ne me plaît pas que vous y alliez_; I do not like your going there. _Si cela ne vous plaît pas_; if you are averse to it. _Plût à Dieu_; would to God. _À Dieu ne plaise_; God forbid. _se_ =plaire=, _v.r._, to delight in, to take pleasure in; to like, to love; to be pleased with, to take to; to flatter one’s self; to thrive. _Il se plaît à faire du mal_; he delights in doing mischief. =plaisamment= (plè-za-mān), _adv._, humorously, pleasantly; ludicrously, laughably, amusingly. =plaisance=, _n.f._, pleasure. _Maison de —_; villa, country seat. _Bateau de —_; pleasure boat. _Lieu de —_; pleasant retreat. =plaisant=, =-e=, _adj._, pleasant; humorous, ludicrous, amusing, droll, funny, comical, pretty; odd, strange; singular, curious. _C’est le plus — homme du monde_; he is the most amusing fellow alive. _Ce sont de —es gens_; (iron.) they are impertinent people. _Il vous a fait un — régal_; he entertained you right royally. _C’est un — personnage_; he is a ridiculous fellow. =plaisant=, _n.m._, jester; humor, fun, ludicrousness. _Il fait le —_; he tries to be funny. _Un mauvais —_; a sorry jester, a humbug. _Le — de l’aventure_; the laughable part of the adventure. =plaisanter=, _v.a._, to joke, to banter, to jeer, to make fun of. =plaisanter=, _v.n._, to jest, to joke, to make merry. _Il plaisante sur tout_; he jests about everything. _C’est un homme qui ne plaisante pas_; he is not a man to be trifled with. _Il ne plaisante pas là-dessus_; he is in downright earnest in the matter. _En plaisantant_; in jest, by way of a joke, jestingly. =plaisanterie= (plè-zan-trî), _n.f._, pleasantry, jesting, joking, jest, joke; mockery; mere farce. _— de bon ton_, _de mauvais ton_; genteel, vulgar, pleasantry. _— légère_, _piquante_; light, pointed, pleasantry. _Cela est dit par —_; that is said in jest, by way of a joke. _— à part_; jesting aside. _Il sait manier_, _il manie bien_, _la —_; he is a good hand at a joke. _Une bonne plaisanterie mérite les honneurs du bis_; a good story will bear repetition. =plaisir=, _n.m._, pleasure, delight, joy; recreation, diversion, sport, entertainment; will, consent, approbation; favor, courtesy, kindness, good turn. _Se faire un — de_; to take pleasure in, to be pleased to. _Se faire un — de son devoir_; to delight in doing one’s duty. _Prendre — à quelque chose_; to delight in anything. _Cela fait — à voir_; that is a pleasant sight. _Nul — sans peine_; no joy without alloy. _La peine passe le —_; the pain exceeds the pleasure. _Partie de —_; pleasure party, picnic. _Jouer pour le —_, _pour son —_; to play for love, for diversion. _Menus —s_; pocket-money. _Faites-moi le —_; do me the favor. _À —_; carefully; at one’s ease; gratuitously; designedly. _Un conte fait_ or _inventé à —_; a made-up story, a gratuitous tale, a lie. _Par —_; for pastime, for sport; (fam., l.u.) by way of trial. _Au —!_ good-bye! _Faire —_; to give pleasure, to oblige; to be pleasing. =plan=, _n.m._, plane; plan, draught, design, model; scheme, project; ground, perspective. _— incliné_; inclined plane. _Premier —_; foreground. _Arrière-—_, (_—-—s_) (paint.) background. _— d’arrimage_; (nav.) tier. _— de niveau_; datum line. _— horizontal_; ground-plan. _Lever de —s_; surveying. _Faire le — de_; to survey. _— à vue d’oiseau_; bird’s-eye view. _— en relief_; plan in relief. _Lever un —_; to take a plan of. _Faire l’élévation d’un —_; to give a raised plan of. _Réléguer au second —_; to put into the background. =plan=, =-e=, _adj._, even, plain, level, flat. =planche=, _n.f._, board, plank; (engr.) plate; (gard.) bed, border. _—s d’un bateau_; planks, ribs, of a boat. _— à bouteilles_; bottle-rack. _Faire la —_; to float on one’s back. _Monter sur les —s_; to tread the boards. _S’appuyer sur une — pourrie_; to lean upon a rotten staff. _Faire la — aux autres_; to show others the way. _— à débarquer_; gangway of a boat. _— de salut_; sheet anchor. _Jour de —_; (com.) working day. =planchéiage=, _n.m._, boarding, planking, flooring. =planchéier=, _v.a._, to plank, to floor, to board (with planks). =planchéieur=, _n.m._, floor-layer. =plancher=, _n.m._, floor; ceiling; (nav.) stage. _— parqueté_; inlaid, wooden floor. _— carrelé_; brick, stone floor. _Frotter un —_; to scrub, _or_ polish, a floor. _Le — des vaches_; dry land, terrâ firma. _Sauter au —_; to jump to the ceiling; (fig.) to be driven mad. =planchette=, _n.f._, little board; (math.) plane table. =plançon= _or_ =plantard=, _n.m._, sapling; slip, twig, shoot (of willow, etc.). =plane=, _n.m._ _V._ =platane=. =plane=, _n.f._, draw-knife; turning chisel; spoke-shave. =planer=, _v.n._, to hover, to tower; to soar; to look down (from on high). _Un milan qui plane_; a kite hovering. _— sur les difficultés_; to soar above difficulties (_i.e._, to overcome them). =planer=, _v.a._, to make smooth, to plane, to planish. _— un morceau de bois_; to plane a piece of wood. _— le cuivre_; to beat copper smooth. _— une peau_; to strip the wool off a skin. =planétaire=, _adj._, planetary. =planétaire=, _n.m._, planetarium, orrery. =planète=, _n.f._, planet, star. =planeur=, _n.m._, (manu.) planisher. =planimétrie=, _n.f._, (geom.) planimetry. =planisphère=, _n.m._, planisphere. _in_ =plano=, _adv._ _V._ =in plano=. =plant=, _n.m._, set, twig, plant, young plant, slip, plantation, grove. _En —_; standing; (fig.) in the lurch. _— de vigne_; slip of vine. _Jeune —_; vineyard newly set; plantation of young trees. _Rester en —_; to remain standing. _Laisser en —_; to give the slip to; to leave in the lurch. _Mettre en —_; (pop.) to pawn. =plantage=, _n.m._, planting; plantation. =plantain=, _n.m._, (bot.) plantain. =plantard=, _n.m._ _V._ =plançon=. =plantation=, _n.f._, planting; plantation. =plante=, _n.f._, sole of the foot; (bot.) plant. _— ligneuse_; ligneous plant. _— fibreuse_; fibrous plant. _— herbacée_; herbaceous plant. _Le jardin des —s_; the botanical garden, zoölogical gardens. _—s marines_; marine plants. _—s parasites_; parasitical plants. _—s à tuyau_; culmiferous plants. =planter=, _v.a._ and _n._, to plant, to set, to fix, to drive in; to set up, to erect, to lay out, to give the slip to, to leave in the lurch. _— des oignons_, _des pois_; to plant onions, peas. _— des bornes_; to set bounds. _— le piquet en quelque lieu_; to take up one’s quarters in any place. _— là quelqu’un_; to leave any one in the lurch, to give any one the slip. _— au nez de_; to cast in the teeth of; to tell point-blank. _Maison bien plantée_; house well seated, _or_ in a pleasant, commanding position. _Cheveux bien plantés_; hair well set up. _se_ =planter=, _v.r._, to be planted; to place one’s self; to station one’s self; to settle. =planteur=, _n.m._, planter. =plantigrade=, _n.m._ and _adj._, plantigrade. =plantoir=, _n.m._, dibble, planting-tool. =planton=, _n.m._, (milit.) orderly. _Être de —_; to be on duty. =plantule=, _n.f._, (bot.) plantule. =plantureusement= (-reûz-mān), _adv._, (fam.) plentifully, copiously, abundantly, luxuriantly. =plantureu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, plentiful, copious; abundant. =planure=, _n.f._, shavings (of wood). =plaque=, _n.f._, plate; slab; patch, veneer; badge, star. _— de fonte_; plate of cast iron. _— de porte-faix_; badge of a porter. _— tournante_; (railways) turning plate. =plaqué=, _n.m._, plated metal, electro-plate. =plaqué=, =-e=, _part._, plated. =plaqueminier=, _n.m._, (bot.) ebony-tree. =plaquer=, _v.a._, to plate; to lay on, to veneer. _— du bois_; to veneer wood. _— des bijoux_; to plate jewels. =plaquette=, _n.f._, small thinly bound book; a small copper coin, small plate, board, slab. =plaqueur=, _n.m._, veneerer; plater. =plaquis=, _n.m._, incrustation. =plasticité=, _n.f._, plasticity. =plastique=, _n.f._ and _adj._, plastic art; plastic. =plastron=, _n.m._, breast-plate; (fenc.) plastron; fencing-pad; drill-plate; laughing-stock, butt. =plastronner=, _v.a._, to put a plastron on any one, to cover or protect with a breast-pad. _se_ =plastronner=, _v.r._, to put on a breast-pad, to plastron one’s self. =plat=, _n.m._, dish; plate; collection-plate; (nav.) mess; sheet (of glass); flat side (of anything). _— d’argent_; silver dish. _— de la main_; back of the hand. _— apprêté_; made dish. _— réchauffé_; warmed-up dish. _— à barbe_; shaving dish. _Camarade de —_; messmate. _— de l’équipage_; (nav.) mess (for seven men). _Servir un — de son métier_; to give a specimen of one’s work. _C’est un — de son métier_; this is one of his tricks. _—s de balance_; scales of a balance. _Des coups de — d’épée_; strokes with the flat of a sword. _Donner du — de la langue_; to flatter, to coax, to wheedle; to talk blarney. _Mettre les pieds dans le —_; to put one’s foot in it. _Mettre les petits —s dans les grands_; to spare neither money nor trouble to receive a person. =plat=, =-e=, _adj._, flat; dull, insipid, spiritless, pointless, low, shallow, empty; (of the hair) straight, lank; (of rhymes) consecutive. _Un pays —_; a flat country. _Cheveux —s_; straight hair. _Elle a la physionomie —e_; she has an unmeaning countenance. _Vin —_; flat wine. _Cheval —_; lank horse. _Avoir le ventre —_; to have an empty belly. _Sa bourse est bien —e_; his purse is very low. _Son armée a été battue à —e couture_; his army was utterly routed. _Un pied —_, _un — pied_; a worthless fellow. _Un style —_; a flat, spiritless, pointless style. _C’est un — personnage_; he is a dull fellow. _À —_; flat. _À — ventre_; flat on the ground, flat on one’s face. =platane=, _n.m._, plane-tree, platane. =plat-bord=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (nav.) gunwale, gunnel, port-last. _Lisses de —_; drift-rails. =plateau=, _n.m._, wooden scale; waiter, tray, tea-tray; upland, table-land. _— à découper_; butler’s tray. _— de carafe_; decanter-stand. =plate-bande=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) (arch., hort.) plat-band; border plot, flower-bed. _— de baie_; lintel of a door or window. =platée=, _n.f._, (arch.) massive foundation under the whole area of the building; dishful. =plate-forme=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) platform. _— de batterie_; platform of a battery. _— de fondation_; (carp.) sleepers. =plate-longe=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) kicking-strap; leading-rein. =platement= (plat-mān), _adv._, flatly, dully, plainly, without spirit. =plateur=, _n.f._, (jest., l.u.) flatness. =platinage=, _n.m._, whitening (of copper). =platine=, _n.f._, linen-dryer; (print.) platine; lock (of firearms); (tech.) plate. _—s de montre_; plates of a watch. _— de serrure_; plate of a lock. =platine=, _n.m._, (metal.) platinum. =platise=, _n.f._, (l.u.) dull, senseless writing or words, platitudes. =platitude=, _n.f._, platitude, dullness; flatness. =platonicien=, =-ne= (-si-in, -si-èn), _n._ and _adj._, Platonist; Platonic. =platonique=, _adj._, Platonic. =platonisme=, _n.m._, Platonism. =plâtrage=, _n.m._, plaster-work, plastering; unsolid work. =plâtras=, _n.m._, old plaster-work; rubbish; piece of dried mortar. =plâtre=, _n.m._, plaster; (b.s.) paint (on the face). _Enduire de —_; to coat with plaster. _— cuit_; calcined plaster. _Battre quelqu’un comme —_; to beat any one to a jelly. _Essuyer les —s_; to live in a newly built house (therefore damp). =plâtré=, =-e=, _part._, plastered. _Visage —_; painted face. _Paix —e_; patched-up peace. =plâtrer=, _v.a._, to plaster; to patch up, to piece up; (agri.) to manure with plaster. _se_ =plâtrer=, _v.r._, (b.s.) to paint one’s self. _Elle se plâtre_; (b.s.) she paints her face; she makes up. =plâtreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, chalky. =plâtrier=, _n.m._, plasterer. =plâtrière=, _n.f._, chalk-pit, plaster-quarry. =plausibilité=, _n.f._, plausibleness, plausibility. =plausible=, _adj._, plausible. =plausiblement=, _adv._, plausibly. =plèbe=, _n.f._, common people. =plébéien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _n._ and _adj._, plebeian. =plébiscite=, _n.m._, plebiscite. =pléiade=, _n.f._, pléiades, _n.f.pl._, Pleiades (the seven stars). =plein=, =-e=, _adj._, full, filled, replete; copious; solid (of doors); entire, whole, thorough, complete. _Rivière —e de poissons_; river well stocked with fish. _Livre — d’érudition_; book stored with learning. _Homme — d’esprit_; man full of wit. _— comme un œuf_; as full as an egg; (fam.) chock-full. _—e lune_; full moon. _Une chienne —e_; a bitch with young. _—e récolte_; plentiful crop. _À —es voiles_; all sails set. _Arbre en — vent_; tree in the open air. _Être en —e mer_; to be out at sea, in the open sea. _En —e rue_; in the middle of the street. _En — jour_; in broad daylight. _En — midi_; at high noon. _En —e nuit_; in the dead of night. _En —e paix_; in the midst of peace. _En — classe_; before the whole class. _En — été_; in the height of summer. _En — hiver_; in the heart of winter. _Avoir le cœur —_; to have one’s heart full. _Donner à —e main_, _à —es mains_; to give, to bestow, largely, freely. _Porter —_; (nav.) to keep the sails full. _Battre son —_; to be in full swing (of balls, parties); to be high (of the tide). =plein=, _n.m._, full part; plenum. _Dans le —_; in the middle. _À pur et à —_; fully, to the full, entirely. =plein=, _adv._, full. _— les deux mains_; both hands full. _En —_; fully, entirely; right in. _A pur et à —_; altogether, completely. _Tout —_; a great many, numbers, very many. =pleinement=, _adv._, fully, entirely, to the full. =plénière=, _adj.f._, plenary; full, complete. _Indulgence —_; plenary indulgence. _Cour —_; plenary court. =plénipotentiaire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, plenipotentiary. =plénitude=, _n.f._, plenitude, fullness. =pléonasme=, _n.m._, pleonasm. =pléonastique=, _adj._, pleonastic. =plésiosaure=, _n.m._, (foss.) plesiosaur, plesiosaurus. =plet=, _n.m._, (nav.) coil. =pléthore=, _n.f._, plethora. =pléthorique=, _adj._, plethoric. =pleu-pleu= _or_ =plui-plui=, _n.m._, (_—_) green woodpecker. =pleur=, _n.m._, (poet.) lament. _Un — éternel_; a never-ending lament (V. Hugo). _pl._, tears. =pleurant=, =-e=, _adj._, weeping, crying. =pleurard=, _n.m._, puling, squalling child; blubberer. =pleure=, _n.f._, (anat.). _V._ =plèvre=. =pleure-misère=, _n.m._, (_—_) grumbler; curmudgeon. =pleurer=, _v.n._, to cry, to weep over, to shed tears, to bewail, to mourn; to run (of the eyes). _— comme un enfant_; to cry like a child. _— amèrement_; to weep bitterly. _— à chaudes larmes_; to shed bitter tears. _— de joie_; to weep for joy. _— à volonté_; to cry at will. _— sur quelqu’un_; to weep over any one. =pleurer=, _v.a._, to weep, to bewail; to lament; to mourn; to deplore the loss (of); to grudge. =pleurésie=, _n.f._, pleurisy. =pleurétique=, _adj._, pleuritic. =pleureu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, weeper; mourner. =pleureur=, _n.m._, (mam.) weeper, sapajou. =pleureu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, weeping, crying, mournful, tearful. _Saule —_; weeping willow. =pleureuses=, _n.f.pl._, weeping bands. =pleureu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, weeping, crying. =pleurnichement= (-nish-mān), _n.m._, whine, whining. =pleurnicher=, _v.n._, to snivel, to whimper, to whine. =pleurnicherie= (-ni-shrî), _n.f._, whining. =pleurnicheu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, whimperer, sniveler. =pleuronecte=, _n.m._, (ich.) pleuronectes. =pleuropneumonie=, _n.f._, (med.) pleuro-pneumonia. =pleurs=, _n.m.pl._, tears; crying, weeping; bleeding (of a vine). _Verser_, _répandre_, _des —_; to shed tears. _Essuyer ses —_; to dry one’s tears. =pleutre=, _n.m._, coward; contemptible fellow. =pleuvoir= (pleuvant, plu), _v.imp._, to rain. _Il pleut à verse_; it is pouring with rain. _— à petites gouttes_; to drizzle. _— des hallebardes_; to rain cats and dogs. _L’argent y pleut_; it rains riches there. _— à seaux_; to rain in torrents. _Comme s’il en pleuvait_; in quantities, a great quantity, in shoals, in torrents. _Faire —_; to shower down upon; to pour, send in _or_ down. =plèvre=, _n.f._, (anat.) pleura. =plexus= (plèk-sus), _n.m._, (anat.) plexus. =pleyon=, _n.m._, osier-tie. =pli=, _n.m._, plait, fold, bend, wrinkle, rumple; tuck, coil; undulation, depression, wave; cover, letter, envelope, message, crease. _Cet habit ne fait pas un —_; that coat has not a wrinkle in it. _Sous le même —_; under the same cover. _Fouiller dans tous les —s et replis_, _sonder tous les —s et replis_, _du cœur_; to search into the innermost recesses of the heart. _Un faux —_; a crease (in stuffs). _Il a pris son —_; he has taken his bent, decided upon his course (of action). _Avoir des —s au front_; to have wrinkles on one’s forehead. _Le — du bras_; the bend of the arm. _Un — de terrain_; an undulation _or_ depression of the ground. _Cela ne fera pas un —_; there will not be the slightest difficulty, all will go as on wheels. _Prendre un mauvais —_; to get into bad habits. =pliable=, _adj._, pliable, pliant, bending, flexible, supple. =pliage=, _n.m._, folding. =pliant=, =-e=, _adj._, pliant, pliable, bending, flexible, supple. _Siège —_; a folding-stool. =pliant=, _n.m._, folding-stool, fold-stool. =plica=, _n.m._, (med.). _V._ =plique=. =plicatile=, _adj._, (bot.) plicate, twining. =pliciforme=, _adj._, in the form of a fold. =plie=, _n.f._, (ich.) plaice. =plié=, =-e=, _part._, folded. =plié=, _n.m._, bend of the knee in dancing. =pliement= (plî-mān), _n.m._, act of folding. =plier=, _v.a._, to fold, to fold up; to bend; to bring under. _— une lettre_; to fold a letter. _— du linge_; to fold up linen. _— les voiles_; to furl the sails. _— bagage_; to decamp, to pack or make off. _— son esprit aux volontés d’autrui_; to bend one’s mind, to yield to the will of others. _se_ =plier=, _v.r._, to be folded, bent; to bow, to bend. _Je ne saurais me — à cela_; I cannot stoop to that. =plier=, _v.n._, to bend; to yield; to give way. _Faire — un arc_; to bend a bow. _Il vaut mieux — que rompre_; better bend than break. _— sous l’autorité de quelqu’un_; to yield to any one’s authority. _L’infanterie plia_; the infantry gave way. =plieu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, folder. =plinthe=, _n.f._, (arch.) plinth. =plioir=, _n.m._, folding-knife; paper-folder. =plique=, _n.f._, (med.) plica. =plissé=, _n.m._, kilting, plaits; wrinkling. =plissement= (plis-mān), _n.m._, folding; plaiting, doubling over; undulation (of waves). =plisser=, _v.a._, to plait; to kilt, to wrinkle. _se_ =plisser=, _v.r._, to form plaits; to be plaited, or wrinkled, to pucker. =plissure=, _n.f._, plaiting. =ploc=, _n.m._, (nav.) sheathing hair, cow-hair. =ploiement=, _n.m._, folding. =plomb= (plon), _n.m._, lead, shot; plumb-line, plummet; custom-house seal; sink. _De —_; (fig.) heavy; (of clouds _or_ sky) gray, leaden, of a leaden hue. _Menu —_; small shot. _— en saumon_; pig-lead. _Jeter son — sur quelque chose_; to have an eye upon anything. _Mine de —_; black-lead pencil, lead. _— dans la tête_; (fig.) ballast. _À —_; perpendicularly, directly; vertically; right, or sheer, down. _Sous les —s_; under the leads. _Tomber à —_; to plumb; to fall vertically. =plombage=, _n.m._, leading, lead work; plumbing. =plombagine=, _n.f._, plumbago, black-lead. =plombé=, _-e_, _part._, leaded; (fig.) of a leaden hue, leaden-colored; (of sticks) loaded. _Dent —e_; tooth that has been stopped. _Il a le teint —_; he has a livid complexion. =plomber=, _v.a._, to lead; to load, to seal, to stop, to mark or stamp with lead; to stop (a tooth); to plumb. _— le faîte d’un toit_; to lead the ridge of a roof. _— un mur_; to plumb a wall. _Se —_; to assume a leaden hue. =plomberie= (plon-brî), _n.f._, plumbery; lead-making; lead-manufactory; lead-works. =plombeur=, _n.m._, (custom-house) stamper. _Rouleau —_; field roller. =plombeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, leady, leaden. =plombier=, _n.m._, plumber. =plombifère=, _adj._, plumbiferous. =plongé=, =-e=, _part._, immersed; dipped (of candles); sunk (in despair); weltering (in blood). _Chandelle —e_; dip candle. =plongeant=, =-e= (-jān, -t), _adj._, plunging. _Vue —e_; view from a height. _Feu —_; plunging fire (coming from above); raking fire. =plongée=, _n.f._, (fort.) glacis, slope. =plongement= (plonj-mān), _n.m._, plunging; dipping; dip; (the sea) pitching. =plongeon= (-jon), _n.m._, (orni.) diver; loon; dive, diving. _Faire le —_; to dive; to duck; (fig.) to flinch; to back out of. =plonger=, _v.a._, to plunge, to dip, to immerse; to throw, to involve. _— quelqu’un dans la douleur_; to plunge any one into grief. _se_ =plonger=, _v.r._, to be plunged. =plonger=, _v.n._, to dive, to dip; to duck; to take a downward direction; to welter; to pitch (of ships). =plongeur=, _n.m._, plunger, diver. _Cloche de_, or _à_, _—_; diving-bell. =plongeur=, _adj._, (hydr.) plunging, diving. =ploquer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to felt (a ship’s bottom); to sheath with hair. =ployable=, _adj._, pliable, easy to bend; flexible. =ployer=, _v.a._, to bend, to bow; to fold up. _se_ =ployer=, _v.r._, to be bent, to be folded; to bend, to give way. =ployer=, _v.n._, to bend; to yield, to submit; to give way. =pluche=. _V._ =peluche=. =pluie=, _n.f._, rain; downpour; shower, abundance of. _Un jour de —_; a rainy day. _Il tombe de la —_; it is raining. _Petite — abat grand vent_; a little rain lays a great dust. _Après la —, le beau temps_; every cloud has its silver lining. _— battante_; pelting rain. _Le temps est à la —_; it looks like rain. _Faire la — et le beau temps_; to be absolute master, to rule the roost. _Parler de la — et du beau temps_; to talk of indifferent things. _Une — de fleurs_; flowers in abundance. =plui-plui=, _n.m._ _V._ =pleu-pleu=. =plumage=, _n.m._, plumage, feathers. *=plumail=, _n.m._, feather-broom. _V._ =plumet= _or_ =plumeau=. =plumasseau=, _n.m._, quill (for harpsichords); feather (of arrows); (surg.) pledget; feather-broom, duster. =plumasserie= (-ma-srî), _n.f._, feather-trade. =plumassier=, _n.m._, feather-merchant (dresser, or seller). =plume=, _n.f._, feather, plume, quill, pen. _— d’acier_; steel pen. _Tailler une —_; to mend, to cut a pen. _Mettre la main à la —_; to take pen in hand. _Se laisser aller au courant de la —_; to write off-hand. _— de corbeau_; crow-quill. _La belle — fait le bel oiseau_; fine feathers make fine birds. _Il est au poil et à la —_; he is fit for anything; fit as a fiddle. _Il y a laissé de ses —s_; he has been stripped of his feathers. _Passer la — par le bec à quelqu’un_; to baffle any one. _La fente d’une —_; the slit of a pen. _Le bec d’une —_; the nib of a pen. _Une bonne —_; a good penman. _Jeter la — au vent_; to allow chance to decide. _Guerre de —_; paper warfare. _Une — à son chapeau_; a feather in one’s cap. =plumeau=, _n.m._, feather-broom, duster; pen-stand. =plumée=, _n.f._, penful (of ink); plucking goose-feathers; plucking. =plumer=, _v.a._, to pluck, to plume; to fleece. _— une volaille_; to pluck a fowl. _— quelqu’un_; to fleece any one; (in rowing) to feather. _— la poule sans la faire crier_; to fleece the sheep without making it bleat. =plumet=, _n.m._, plume, ostrich feather; feather broom. =plumetis= (plum-tî), _n.m._, feather-stitch. =plumeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (bot.) plumous, feathery. =plumipède=, _n.m._, plumiped. =plumiste=, _n.m._, artist in feathers. =plumitif=, _n.m._, (jur.) minute-book; (fam.) penman, clerk, scratch-paper. =plum-pudding=, _n.m._ (_—-—s_). _V._ =pouding=. =plumule=, _n.f._, (bot.) plumule. =plupart=, _n.f._, most, most part, the greatest part; generality, majority (of); most people. _La — du monde prétend_; most people say. _La — de ses amis l’abandonnèrent_; most of his friends forsook him. _La — écrivent_; most people write. _Pour la —_; mostly. _Les hommes sont pour la — intéressés_; the generality of men are selfish. _La — du temps_; generally, mostly, in most cases. =pluralité=, _n.f._, plurality. =pluriel=, =-le=, _adj._, (gram.) plural. =pluriel=, _n.m._, (gram.) plural. =plus=, _adv._, more, over, most; also, moreover; further; besides; item; plus; no more, not any more, no longer, not again; never again. _— savant que lui_; more learned than he. _Il a — d’argent que moi_; he has more money than I. _Il m’en coûte — qu’a vous_; it costs me more than it does you (to have to say it, etc.). _Il a — de vingt ans_; he is more than twenty. _Nous sommes — qu’à moitié persuadés_; we are more than half convinced. _Je n’y retournerai —_; I will go there no more. _— je la vois, — je la hais_; the more I see her, the more I hate her. _— loin_; further. _— près_, _de — près_; nearer. _— de larmes_; no more tears. _N’avoir — rien_; to have nothing left. _Il y a —_; what is more. _Il y en a tant et —_; there is enough and to spare. _Au —_, _tout au —_; at most, at the most. _Il a tout au — trente ans_; he is thirty at most. _De —_; besides, moreover, again, furthermore, nay. _De —, il faut remarquer_; we must observe besides. _D’autant —_; the more so. _De — en —_; more and more. _Il s’enrichit de — en —_; he grows richer and richer every day. _Ni — ni moins_; neither more nor less. _Vous avez beau dire, il n’en sera ni — ni moins_; you may talk as much as you please, it will be so. _— ou moins_; more or less, thereabout. _Qui —, qui moins_; some more, some less. _Sans — différer_; without further delay. _Sans — de façon_; without any more ado. _— tard_, _— loin_, _— près_; later, farther, nearer. _Qui — est_; what is more. _N’être —_; to be no more. _Deux fois —_; twice as much. _Deux fois de —_; twice more. _Je n’ai — qu’à_; it only remains for me to. =plus=, _n.m._, more; most. _Le — que je puisse faire_; the most I can do. =plusieurs=, _pron._ and _adj._, _m.f.pl._, several, some. =plus-pétition=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) (jur.) exorbitant demand. =plus-que-parfait= (plus-kĕ-par-fè), _n.m._ (_n.p._), (gram.) pluperfect tense. =plus-value=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (fin.) superior value. =plutocratie=, _n.f._, plutocracy. =plutonique=, _adj._, (geol.) plutonic. =plutôt=, _adv._, rather, sooner, in preference to. _— mourir que faire une lâcheté_; rather die than do a dishonorable thing. _Voyez —_; look, or see, for yourself! =pluvial=, _n.m._, (c.rel.) pluvial. =pluvial=, _adj._, of rain, rainy. _Eau —e_; rainwater. =pluvier=, _n.m._, plover. =pluvieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, rainy, showery, wet. _Un jour —_; a rainy day. =pluviomètre=, _n.m._, pluviometer, rain-gauge, udometer. =pluviôse=, _n.m._, Pluviose, fifth month of the calendar of the first French republic, from January 20th to February 18th or 19th. =pneumatique=, _n.f._ and _adj._, pneumatics; pneumatic. _Machine —_; air-pump. =pneumatocèle=, _n.f._, (med.) pneumatocele. =pneumatologie=, _n.f._, pneumatology. =pneumatose=, _n.f._, (med.) pneumatosis. =pneumonie=, _n.f._, pneumonia. =pneumonique=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, (med.) pneumonic. =pochade=, _n.f._, (paint.) rough sketch; (pop.) set to, mauling. =poche=, _n.f._, pocket; pouch; sack; bag; rabbit-net; purse-net; small fiddle; crop (of a bird); sack (of an abscess, etc.); (needlework) pucker; wrinkle (in clothes); kit (of a violin). _Fouiller dans ses —s_; to search one’s pockets. _Un mouchoir de —_; a pocket handkerchief. _Mettre en —_; to pocket. _Jouer de la —_; to come down with the money. _Acheter chat en —_; to buy a pig in a poke. _Argent de —_; pocket-money. _Connaître comme sa —_; to know perfectly. =poché=, =-e=, _part._, blotted (of writing); poached (of eggs); black (of the eyes). _Des œufs —s_; poached eggs. _Avoir les yeux —s au beurre noir_; to have one’s eyes black and blue. =pocher=, _v.a._, to poach; to bruise. _— les yeux à quelqu’un_; to give any one a pair of black eyes. _Se faire — les yeux_; to get one’s eyes blacked. =pochet=, _n.m._, nose-bag. =pocheter= (posh-té), _v.a._, to keep in one’s pocket. =pocheter=, _v.n._, to be kept in one’s pocket. =pochette=, _n.f._, ☉pocket; net (for rabbits); small fiddle, kit. =podagraire=, _n.f._, (bot.) goatweed, goutwort. =podagre=, _n.f._, podagra, gout in the feet. =podagre=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, gouty person; afflicted with the gout, gouty, podagrical. =podestat=, _n.m._, podesta (magistrate in Italy). =podosperme=, _n.m._, (bot.) funiculus. =poêle=, _n.f._, frying-pan. _Tomber de la — dans le feu_; to jump out of the frying-pan into the fire. =poêle= _or_ =poile=, _n.m._, stove. =poêle=, _n.m._, pall (at a funeral); (c.rel.) canopy. =poêlée=, _n.f._, panful. =poêlette=, _n.f._, small pan. =poêlier=, _n.m._, stove-maker. =poêlon=, _n.m._, saucepan (small). =poêlonnée=, _n.f._, saucepanful. =poème=, _n.m._, poem. =poésie=, _n.f._, poetry; poesy. =poète=, _n.m._, poet; poetess. _Méchant —_; wretched poet, poetaster. _— lauréat_; poet laureate. _Elle est —_; she is a poetess. =poétereau= (po-é-trô), _n.m._, poetaster; rhymester. =poétesse=, _n.f._, (l.u.) poetess. =poétique=, _n.f._ and _adj._, poetics; poetical. =poétiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, poetically. =poétiser=, _v.n._, ☉to versify, to poetize; to make poetical. =poids= (poâ), _n.m._, weight; heaviness; gravity; burden, load; moment, importance, consequence, consideration. _Le — d’un fardeau_; the weight of a burden. _Cela est de —_; that is full weight. _Un — de dix livres_; a ten-pound weight. _Avoir du —_; to weigh; (fig.) to be influential, to have influence. _Faire bon —_; to give good weight. _Vendre une chose au — de l’or_; to sell a thing extremely dear. _Le — des affaires_; the burden of affairs. *=poignant=, =-e=, _adj._, poignant; acute, keen; stinging; painful, sad. *=poignard=, _n.m._, poniard, dagger. _Coup de —_; stab. _Ce fut un coup de — pour elle_; she was cut to the quick by it, it was a crushing blow for her. *=poignarder=, _v.a._, to poniard, to stab, to wound, to grieve to the heart; to kill. _se_ =poignarder=, _v.r._, to stab one’s self. =poigne=, _n.f._, (pop.) grasp, gripe, clutch; (fig.) strength, vigor. *=poignée=, _n.f._, handful; handle; hilt (of swords); bunch (of keys); shake (of the hand). _À —s_; by handfuls. _Jeter de l’argent à —_; to throw money about like shells. _Prendre à —_; to grasp tightly. *=poignet=, _n.m._, wrist; wrist-band (of linen); cuff (of a gown). =poil=, _n.m._, hair (of animals); hair (of persons other than that of the head); wool (of some animals); beard; nap (of cloth, of hats); color (of horses); (bot.) bristle, wool; (fig.) boldness, courage, resolution. _— de chèvre_; goat’s hair, mohair. _— follet_; down; soft hair. _— de drap_; nap of cloth. _Monter un cheval à —_; to ride a horse bareback. _Il y a laissé de son —_; he was pretty well fleeced there. _Être au — et à la plume_; to be fit for anything. _Faire le — à un cheval_; to trim a horse; (fig.) to outdo, to cut out. _De quel — est ce cheval?_ what is the color of that horse? _— bai_; bay. _Reprendre du — à la bête_; to be at it again; to begin again. _Chercher du — aux œufs_; to split hairs. =poile=, _n.m._ _V._ =poêle=. =poilu=, =-e=, _adj._, hairy, shaggy; (bot.) bristly, pilose. *=poincillade=, _n.f._, (bot.) (Barbadoes) flower-fence. =poinçon=, _n.m._, punch, puncheon; bodkin; stiletto, awl, pointer; stamp, die; puncheon (cask); (carp.) king-post; stamp (of coins). =poinçonnage=, _n.m._, stamping. =poinçonner=, _v.a._, to stamp. =poinçonneu-r=, =-se=, _n.m._, stamper, puncher. _n.f._, stamping machine. =poindre=, _v.n._, to peep, to dawn, to break; to appear, to begin. _Le jour commençait à —_; day was beginning to break. _Le poil commence à lui — au menton_; his beard is beginning to grow. =poindre=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to sting. _Oignez vilain, il vous poindra, poignez vilain, il vous oindra_; save a thief from the gallows and he will cut your throat. _Quel taon vous point?_ why, what’s the matter with you? (lit., what gnat has stung you). =poing=, _n.m._, fist, hand. _Coup de —_; punch, cuff. _Se battre à coups de —_; to fight with fisticuffs. _Fermer le —_; to clinch, clench one’s fist. _À — fermé_; with clinched, clenched fist. _Faire le coup de — avec quelqu’un_; to have a set-to with any one. _Il sait faire le coup de —_; he knows how to box. _Pieds et —s liés_; bound hand and foot. =point=, _adv._, no, not; not at all; none (_more emphatic than_ =pas=). _Je ne l’ai — vu_; I have not seen him. _Il n’a — d’argent_; he has no money at all. _— du tout_; not at all. _— d’amitié sans vertu_; there can be no friendship without virtue. =point=, _n.m._, point; dot, mark; full stop; period; speck; hole (of a strap, etc.); break (of day); (needlework) stitch; moment, difficulty, state, case, terms; place, quarter; (nav.) tack (of the sheets). _— de côté_; pain in the side, stitch. _Un —_; full stop. _— d’interrogation_; note of interrogation. _— d’admiration_, _— d’exclamation_; note of exclamation. _Lettre de deux —s_; (print.) two-line letter. _Il ne met jamais de — sur les i_; he never dots his i’s. _Mettre les —s sur les i_; to dot one’s i’s; to be very punctilious, to mind one’s P’s and Q’s. _— d’orgue_; (mus.) pause. _— d’appui_; fulcrum. _— d’Angleterre_; Brussels point (lace). _Faire venir quelqu’un à son —_; to bring any one over to one’s views. _Il fut sur le — d’être tué_; he was very near being killed. _À —_; in the nick of time. _À — nommé_; at the appointed time. _Tout vient à — à qui sait attendre_; patience and time bring everything to pass, _or_ all comes to him who knows how to wait. _Un — fait à temps en sauve mille_; a stitch in time saves nine. _L’affaire est réduite à ce —_; the matter has come to this point _or_ pitch. _Au plus haut —_; to the highest pitch. _Au dernier —_; in the highest degree. _C’est un — arrêté_; it is a thing agreed upon. _Avoir un — de côté_; to have a stitch in one’s side. _Faire un — à_; (needlework) to put a stitch in. _— de vue_; point of view, prospect; (fig.) light, sight, opinion. _— du vent_; (nav.) tack. _— d’honneur_; point of honor. _De tout —_; in every respect, entirely. _De — en —_; exactly, in particular, in detail. _—s cardinaux_; cardinal points. _— du compas_; point of the compass. _Rendre des — à_; to be more than a match for, to give odds (at a game). _Faute d’un —_; for a trifle. _La viande est cuite à —_; the meat is done to a turn. =pointage=, _n.m._, (artil., nav.) pointing, leveling. =pointal=, _n.m._, (carp.) prop, girder. =pointe=, _n.f._, point (sharp end); (print.) bodkin; pungency, tartness, sharpness; witticism; tack, tin-tack (nail, rivet, French nail); etching-needle; head (of an arrow, of a lance); (fenc.) small sword; (agri., geog.) point. _La — d’une épée_; the point of a sword. _— d’une plume_; nib of a pen. _La — du jour_; the break, the dawn, of day. _Marcher sur la — du pied_; to walk on tiptoe. _Tourner la — du pied en dehors_; to turn one’s toes out. _Tailler en —_; to cut point-wise. _Se terminer en —_; to end in a point. _Faire une —_; (milit.) to deviate from the line; (fig.) to turn aside. _Pousser sa —_; to pursue one’s point, to persist (in); to go on (with). _Avoir une — de vin_; to be slightly excited, flustered. _— d’une épigramme_; point of an epigram. _Faire la —_; (man.) to rear. _— de terre_; foreland. =pointé=, =-e=, _adj._, pointed. =pointement= (point-mān), _n.m._, (artil.) pointing, leveling. =pointer=, _v.a._, to pierce, to stick; to stab; to prick, to mark; to point; to dot; to sharpen; (print.) to register. _— la carte_; (nav.) to point the chart. _— un canon_; to point a cannon. =pointer=, _v.n._, to point, to dot; to spring up, to soar, to fly high; to keep, to appear, to come out; (man.) to rear. =pointeur=, _n.m._, pointer, marker, checker; (artil.) artillery-man (who points the gun). *=pointillage=, _n.m._, (engr.) dotting, stippling. *=pointillé=, _n.m._, (engr.) dotting, stippling. *=pointille=, _n.f._, trifle, trifling point; bickering, cavil (about a trifling subject). *=pointiller=, _v.n._, to dot, to stipple; to cavil, to carp at. =pointiller=, _v.a._, to nettle, to tease. *=pointillerie=, _n.f._, bickering, caviling, hair-splitting. *=pointilleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, caviling, particular, punctilious, captious. _Un critique —_; a carping critic. =pointu=, =-e=, _adj._, pointed, sharp, sharp-pointed, peaked. _Chapeau —_; sugar-loaf hat. =pointure=, _n.f._, (print.) point; (of shoes) size. =poire=, _n.f._, (bot.) pear; weight (of a steel-yard). _— d’angoisse_; choke-pear. _Entre la — et le fromage_; at dessert. _— à poudre_; powder-horn, powder-flask. _Garder une — pour la soif_; to lay up something for a rainy day. _—s secrètes_; pear-bit (of a bridle). _— de Messire Jean_; a kind of very sweet pear. =poiré=, _n.m._, perry. =poireau= _or_ =porreau=, _n.m._, (bot.) leek; (vet.) wart. =poirée=, _n.f._, (bot.) white beet. =poirier=, _n.m._, pear-tree. =pois=, _n.m._, (bot.) pea, peas, pease. _Cosse de —_; pea-cod. _— ramés_; branch peas. _— carrés_; marrow-fats. _— chiches_; chick-peas; dwarf pea. _— cassés_; split peas. _— verts_ or _petits —_; green peas. _Il donne un — pour avoir une fève_; he gives a sprat to catch a herring. =poison=, _n.m._, poison, venom. =poissard=, =-e=, _adj._, vulgar, low. _Style —_; Billingsgate style. =poissarde=, _n.f._, fishwoman, fish-fag; low or vulgar woman. =poisser=, _v.a._, to pitch, to do over with pitch; to make sticky. =poisseu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, pitchy, gluey, sticky. =poisson=, _n.m._, fish; half a gill. _pl._, (astron.) Pisces. _— de mer_, _de rivière_; sea-fish, river-fish. _Colle de —_; isinglass. _— d’avril_; April fool. _— rouge_; gold-fish. _— juif_; hammer-fish. _Donner un — d’avril à quelqu’un_; to make an April fool of any one. _Être comme un — sur la paille_; to be like a fish out of water. *=poissonnaille=, _n.f._, small fish _or_ fry. =poissonnerie= (-so-n-rî), _n.f._, fish-market. =poissonneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, abounding in fish, full of fish. =poissonnier=, _n.m._, fishmonger, fish-salesman. =poissonnière=, _n.f._, fishmonger (woman); fish-kettle. =poitrail=, _n.m._, breast (of a horse); breast-piece (of harness); (arch.) breast-summer. =poitrinaire=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, consumptive. =poitrine=, _n.f._, chest, breast, lungs; brisket. _Maladie de —_; consumption. _Une fluxion de —_; inflammation of the lungs. _Il a bonne —_; he has good lungs. =poivrade=, _n.f._, pepper sauce. =poivre=, _n.m._, pepper. _— en grains_; whole pepper. _— de la Jamaïque_; all-spice, Jamaica-pepper. _— et sel_; (of the beard) grizzly. =poivrer=, _v.a._, to pepper, to put pepper in; (of a bill) to lay it on, to fleece. =poivrier=, _n.m._, pepper-plant; pepper-box. =poivrière=, _n.f._, spice-box; pepper-box; (fort.) sentry-box. =poix=, _n.f._, pitch; shoemakers’ wax. _Cela tient comme —_; that sticks like pitch. =polacre= _or_ =polaque=, _n.f._, (nav.) polacca, polacre. ☉=polacre= _or_ =polaque=, _n.m._, Polack (Polish). =polaire=, _adj._, polar. _Etoile —_; polar star. =polarisation=, _n.f._, polarization. =polariser=, _v.a._, to polarize. =polarité=, _n.f._, (phys.) polarity. =polatouche=, _n.m._, flying-squirrel. =polder= (pol-dèr), _n.m._, polder (tract of low land reclaimed from the sea by means of high embankments, in Holland and Belgium). =pôle=, _n.m._, (astron., geog.) pole. _— arctique_; arctic pole. _— antarctique_; antarctic pole. _—s de l’aimant_; magnetic poles. =polémarque=, _n.m._, (antiq.) polemarch. =polémique=, _n.f._ and _adj._, polemics, controversy, disputation; polemic, polemical. =polémoscope=, _n.m._, polemoscope. =polenta=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) a sort of pap. =poli=, =-e=, _adj._, polished, bright, glossy, smooth; polite, civil; refined. =poli=, _n.m._, polish, finish, gloss. =police=, _n.f._, police; police-regulations; (fig.) polity, government; (print.) font; policy (of insurance). _Commissaire de —_; commissary or inspecter of police. _Espion de —_; police-spy. _Être mandé à la police_; to be sent for to the police-office. _Faire la — d’une salle_; to keep order in a hall. _Faire la — des rues_; to keep the streets clear. _Salle de —_; (milit.) guard-room. _Bonnet de —_; foraging-cap. _Tribunal de —_; police-court. =policement=, _n.m._, civilizing. =policer=, _v.a._, to establish a regular government; to civilize, to polish, to refine. =polichinelle=, _n.m._, punch, buffoon; merry-andrew. =poli-couteaux=, _n.m._, knife-cleaner. =poliment=, _adv._, politely. =polir=, _v.a._, to polish, to polish up, to brighten, to burnish; to make polite, to civilize, to refine. _— un discours_; to polish a discourse. _— une langue_; to polish a language. _se_ =polir=, _v.r._, to polish (of a thing); to become refined (of people). =polissage=, _n.m._, polishing, finishing. =polisseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, polisher. =polissoir=, _n.m._, polisher (tool). =polissoire=, _n.f._, shining-brush. =polisson=, _n.m._, blackguard; low fellow, ragamuffin; scamp; mischievous child. =polisson=, =-ne=, _adj._, mischievous, idle, blackguard; rude. =polissonne=, _n.f._, gadabout (girl who runs about the streets). =polissonner=, _v.n._, to play the blackguard, to crack broad jokes; (of children) to run about the streets. =polissonnerie= (-so-n-rî), _n.f._, blackguardism, blackguard trick, broad, smutty joke. =polissure=, _n.f._, polishing. =politesse=, _n.f._, politeness, civility, good breeding, polite thing, kindness, attention, compliment. _Faire une —_; to do a polite thing. _Ce serait une — de votre part de_; it would be kind of you to. =politicien=, _n.m._, politician. =politique=, _adj._, political, politic, prudent, wise. =politique=, _n.m._, politician, statesman. _C’est un rusé —_; he is a crafty politician. =politique=, _n.f._, policy; politics, statecraft; prudence. _Etudier la —_; to study politics. _Parler —_; to talk politics. _— extérieure_; foreign politics; foreign policy. =politiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, politically, (fig.) shrewdly. =politiquer=, _v.n._, (fam.) to talk politics, to meddle with politics. =polka=, _n.f._, polka. =polker=, _v.n._, to dance the polka. =poll=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) (pol.) poll. =pollen= (pol-lè-n), _n.m._, (bot.) pollen. =pollicitation= (pol-li-), _n.f._, (jur.) pollicitation. =pollué=, =-e= (pol-lué), _adj._, polluted, defiled. =polluer= (pol-lué), _v.a._, to pollute, to defile, to profane. _se_ =polluer=, _v.r._, to pollute one’s self. =pollution=, (pol-lu-), _n.f._, pollution, profanation. =polonais=, =-e=, _adj._, Polish. =polonais=, _n.m._, Pole; Polonese, Polish (language). =polonaise=, _n.f._, polonaise (dress, dance, tune). =poltron=, =-ne=, _n._ and _adj._, coward, poltroon, skulker; cowardly, dastardly, chicken-hearted. =poltronnerie= (-tro-n-rî), _n.f._, cowardice, poltroonery, cowardly action. =poly-=, a prefix from Gr. πολύς. =polyacoustique=, _adj._, polyacoustic. =polyadelphie=, _n.f._, polyadelphia. =polyandrie=, _n.f._, (bot.) polyandria. =polyarchie=, _n.f._, polyarchy. =polychreste=, _adj._, (pharm.) polycrest. =polychrome=, _adj._, (tech.) of many colors. =polyèdre=, _n.m._, (geom.) polyhedron. =polygala= _or_ =polygale=, _n.m._, (bot.) polygala, milkwort. =polygame=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, polygamist; polygamous. =polygamie=, _n.f._, polygamy; (bot.) polygamia. =polygarchie=, _n.f._ _V._ =polyarchie=. =polyglotte=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, polyglot. =polygone=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (fort., geom.) polygon; ordnance-yard, practice-ground; polygonal. =polygraphe=, _n.m._, polygraph (instrument for multiplying copies of a writing); manifold writer. =polygraphie=, _n.f._, polygraphy. =polygynie=, _n.f._, polygynia. =polymathie=, _n.f._, polymathy (knowledge of many arts and sciences). =polymathique=, _adj._, polymathic. =polymorphe=, _adj._, polymorphous. =polymorphisme=, _n.m._, polymorphy. =polynôme=, _n.m._, (alg.) polynome, polynomial. =polype=, _n.m._, polyp, polypus. _— du nez_; polypus (in the nose). =polypétale=, _adj._, (bot.) polypetalous. =polypeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) polypous. =polyphone=, _adj._, polyphonic. =polyphylle=, _adj._, polyphyllous. =polypier=, _n.m._, polypier, coral. =polypode=, _n.m._, (bot.) polypody. =polyptique=, _n.m._, (feudality) register of rents, taxes. =polyscope=, _n.m._, polyscope. =polyspaste=, _n.m._, polyspast. =polysperme=, _adj._, polyspermous. =polystyle=, _adj._, (arch.) polystyle. =polysyllabe=, _n.m._ and _adj._, polysyllable; polysyllabic, polysyllabical. =polysyllabique=, _adj._, polysyllabic, polysyllabical. =polytechnicien=, _n.m._, cadet of the Paris Polytechnic School. =polytechnique= (-tèk-nik), _adj._, polytechnic. _Ecole —_; Polytechnic School (French national military and civil-service academy). =polythéisme=, _n.m._, polytheism. =polythéiste=, _n.m._ and _adj._, polytheist; polytheistic, polytheistical. =polytric=, _n.m._, (bot.) golden maiden-hair, hair-moss. =pomifère=, _adj._, pomiferous. =pommade=, _n.f._, pomatum (for the hair); lip-salve; (man.) vault, vaulting. =pommader=, _v.a._, to pomade. =pomme=, _n.f._, apple; ball, knob; head (of a cabbage, of a lettuce, of a walking-stick). _— sauvage_; crab, crab-apple. _— d’Adam_; Adam’s apple. _— de discorde_; apple of discord, bone of contention. _— d’amour_; tomato. _— de terre_; potato. _— de chêne_; oak-apple. _— de coloquinte_; bitter-apple. _— de pin_; pineapple; fir-apple. _— de choux_, _de laitue_; head of a cabbage, of a lettuce. _— de canne_; head _or_ handle of a cane. _— de lit_; ball at the top of a bed-post. _—s de pavillon_; (nav.) trucks of the ensign-staff. _—s de girouette_; (nav.) acorns of the vanes. ☉=pommé=, _n.m._, cider. =pommé=, =-e=, _part._, grown to a round head, cabbaged; (fig., fam.) complete, downright. _Laitue —e_; cabbage-lettuce. _Un fou —_; a downright fool. _Une sottise —e_; an egregious blunder. =pommeau=, _n.m._, pummel (of saddles, swords). =pommelé=, =-e=, _adj._, dappled, mottled; cloudy (with dappled clouds). _Cheval gris-—_; dapple-gray horse. _se_ =pommeler= (po-m-lé), _v.r._, to become dappled. _Le ciel s’est pommelé_; the sky has become dappled. =pommelle=, _n.f._, roller-bolt (of carriages); grating (of pipes); drain-pipe; strainer. =pommer=, _v.n._, (hort.) to cabbage, to grow to a round head. =pommeraie= (po-mrê), _n.f._, apple-orchard. =pommette=, _n.f._, pommel, knob, ball; cheek-bone. =pommier=, _n.m._, apple-tree; apple-roaster. =pomoyer=, _v.n._, (nav.) to underrun (cables). =pompe=, _n.f._, pomp; splendor; ceremony, state; dignity, majesty. _Marcher en grande —_; to march in great state. _— funèbre_; funeral pomp. _— du style_; loftiness of style. _Entrepreneur de —s funèbres_; undertaker. =pompe=, _n.f._, pump. _Piston d’une —_; plug, sucker, of a pump. _— à feu_; steam-pump. _— aspirante_; suction-pump. _— à incendie_; fire-engine. _— à vapeur_; steam-pump _or_ engine. _— d’arrosement_; watering-engine, garden engine. _—s funèbres_; funerals, burials. _La — est haute_; the pump sucks. _La — se décharge_; the pump has lost water. _— à bière_; beer-engine. _À la —_; on draught. _À la —!_ (nav.) pump ship, ho! =pomper=, _v.n._, to pump. =pomper=, _v.a._, to pump, to suck up. _— l’humidité_; to suck up the moisture. =pompeusement= (-peûz-mān), _adv._, pompously, with great pomp. =pompeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, pompous, stately, lofty. _Style_, _discours —_; lofty style, speech. =pompier=, _n.m._, fireman; pump-maker. =pompon=, _n.m._, top-knot (of horses); ear-knot; (milit.) tuft. =pomponné=, =-e=, _part._, decked out, tricked out. =pomponner=, _v.a._, (fam.) to ornament, to deck out, to dress. _— son style_; to trick out one’s style. _se_ =pomponner=, _v.r._, (fam.) to dress one’s self up. ☉=ponant=, _n.m._, west; western ocean (in contradistinction to the Mediterranean). =ponçage=, _n.m._, pumicing; pouncing. =ponce=, _n.f._, Pontius; pumice; (drawing) pounce. _Pierre —_; pumice-stone. =ponceau=, _n.m._, (bot.) corn-poppy; culvert; archway; one-arched bridge; red color, poppy-color, flame-color. =ponceau=, _adj._, poppy-colored. =poncer=, _v.a._, to pumice; (drawing) to pounce. _— de la vaisselle_; to rub plate with pumice-stone. =ponceu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, pumiceous. =poncif=, _n.m._ _V._ =poncis=. =poncire=, _n.m._, poncire lemon. =poncis=, _n.m._, (drawing, engr.) pounced drawing. =ponction=, _n.f._, (surg.) puncture, tapping. =ponctionner=, _v.a._, (med.) to tap, to puncture. =ponctualité=, _n.f._, punctuality. =ponctuation=, _n.f._, punctuation; vowel-pointing. =ponctué=, =-e=, _part._, punctuated, dotted. _Plante —e_; dotted plant. _Ligne —e_; dotted line. =ponctuel=, =-le=, _adj._, punctual, exact. =ponctuellement= (-èl-mān), _adv._, punctually, exactly. =ponctuer=, _v.a._, to punctuate, to point. =pondage=, _n.m._, poundage (duty per pound). =pondérabilité=, _n.f._, ponderability. =pondérable=, _adj._, ponderable. =pondération=, _n.f._, (phys.) ponderation; poising, balancing. =pondérer=, _v.a._, to poise, to balance. =pondeuse=, _n.f._, layer; laying (of hens). =pondre=, _v.a._, to lay eggs. =poney=, _n.m._, pony. =pongo=, _n.m._, (mam.) pongo, black orang. =pont=, _n.m._, bridge; deck (of a ship); flap (of trousers). _—-levis_, (_—s-—_) drawbridge. _— tournant_; swing-bridge. _— dormant_; fixed bridge. _— suspendu_; suspension-bridge. _— tube_; tubular bridge. _— à bascule_; weigh-bridge. _Faire un — d’or à quelqu’un_; to make great pecuniary concessions to any one. _— aux ânes_; asses’ bridge (the 47th proposition in France, instead of the 5th in America). _La foire n’est pas sur le —_; (prov.) there is no need to be in such a hurry. _Les —s et chaussées_; department of roads and bridges. _— volant_; (nav.) hanging stage. _Premier —_; lower deck. _Second —_; upper deck of a two-decker. _Troisième —_; upper deck of a three-decker. _Faux —_; spar-deck. _— arqué_; cambered deck. _— coupé_; half-deck. _Entre —_; orlop deck, between decks. _Equipage de —_; pontoon train. _Se porter comme le Pont Neuf_; to be in splendid health; to be as fit as a fiddle. _C’est vieux comme le Pont Neuf_; it is as old as the hills _or_ Queen Anne is dead. =pont-aqueduc=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) aqueduct-bridge. =ponte=, _n.f._, laying of eggs. =ponte=, _n.m._, punter (cards); (ombre) ponto, the ace of hearts _or_ diamonds. =ponté=, =-e=, _adj._, decked (of a ship). =ponter=, _v.n._, (play) to punt. =pontet=, _n.m._, trigger-guard; saddle-tree. =pontife=, _n.m._, pontiff. _Le souverain —_; the sovereign pontiff, the pope. =pontifical=, _n.m._, pontifical. =pontifical=, =-e=, _adj._, pontifical. =pontificalement= (-kal-mān), _adv._, pontifically. =pontificat=, _n.m._, pontificate. =pontin=, _adj._, Pontine. _Les marais —s_; the Pontine marshes (between Rome and Naples). =pont-levis=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) drawbridge; flap (of trousers); (man.) pontlevis. =pont-neuf=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) street-ballad, popular song. =ponton=, _n.m._, pontoon, bridge of boats; hulk; convict-ship. =pontonage=, _n.m._, bridge-toll; hire of a ferry-boat; pontage. =pontonnier=, _n.m._, toll-collector; (milit.) pontonier. =pontuseau=, _n.m._, water-line (in paper). =pope=, _n.m._, pope (priest of the Greek church). =popeline=, _n.f._, poplin. =poplité=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) popliteal. =populace=, _n.f._, populace, mob, rabble. =populaci-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, low, vulgar. =populaire=, _adj._, popular, vulgar. _n.m._, populace, rabble. =populairement= (-lèr-mān), _adv._, popularly. =populariser=, _v.a._, to popularize, to make popular. _se_ =populariser=, _v.r._, to make one’s self popular. =popularité=, _n.f._, popularity. =population=, _n.f._, population. =populeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, populous. =populo=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (jest.) plump little boy, chubby-cheeks. =poracé=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) porraceous. =porc= (pork), _n.m._, hog, pig, pork; porker; swine. _— marin_; porpoise. _Soie de —_; hog’s bristles. _Gardeur de —s_; swine-herd. _— frais_; pork. _Côtelette de —_; pork-chop. [The final c of porc is silent before words beginning with a consonant.] =porcelaine=, _n.f._, porcelain, china, chinaware; china vase or vases. _Terre à —_; china-clay. =porcelainier=, _n.m._, workman in a porcelain manufactory, china manufacturer. =porcelet=, _n.m._, young pig; porket; (insect) wood-louse. =porc-épic= (por-ké-pik), _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) porcupine. =porchaison=, _n.f._, wild-boar season. =porche=, _n.m._, porch, portal. =porch-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, swineherd. =porcherie=, _n.f._, pig-sty, piggery. =porcine=, _adj.f._, porcine. =pore=, _n.m._, pore. =poreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, having pores, porous. =porisme=, _n.m._, (geom.) porism; (antiq.) corollary. =porosité=, _n.f._, porosity. =porphyre=, _n.m._, (min.) porphyry; (pharm.) slab (for grinding). =porphyrisation=, _n.f._, grinding (with a muller), pulverization. =porphyriser=, _v.a._, to grind; to porphyrize; to pound, to powder, to pulverize. =porque=, _n.f._, sow; (nav.) rider. _— de fond_; floor-riders. _Allonges de —_; futtock-riders. _Aiguillettes de —_; upper futtock-riders. =porracé=, =-e=, _adj._ _V._ =poracé=. =porreau=, _n.m._ _V._ =poireau=. =porrection=, _n.f._, (c.rel.) presentation of the instruments. =porrigo=, _n.m._, (med.) porrigo, ring-worm. =port=, _n.m._, port, haven, harbor, sea-port town; wharf, quay; postage, carriage (of parcels); aspect; presence, bearing, gait, portliness; (nav.) burden; (mus.) grace note, portamento. _— de mer_; sea-port. _— de toutes marées_; deep-water harbor. _— à marée_; tidal harbor. _— marchand_; commercial harbor. _— de guerre_; naval harbor _or_ station. _Franc de —_; prepaid, carriage paid. _Prendre —_, _surgir au —_; to come into harbor, to land; to attain one’s end, to come to an anchor. _Arriver à bon —_; to come safe into harbor; to arrive safely; (fig.) to end happily. _Faire naufrage au —_; to be wrecked in port. _— de lettre_; postage. _— payé_; post-paid. _Permis de — d’armes_; license to carry arms. _— d’armes_; gun-license. _— de voix_; (voc. mus.) portamento-voice. _Elle a un — de reine_; her walk is that of a queen. _Le — d’une plante_; (bot.) the aspect of a plant. _— permis_; (nav.) weight of luggage (free on board ship to officers, sailors, and passengers). _Conduire_, or _mener_, _à bon —_; (fig.) to bring to a successful issue. =portable=, _adj._, that can be worn, wearable; portable, payable (at). =portage=, _n.m._, portage (at water-falls in America); conveyance, porterage. _V._ _port permis_ (nav.), under =port=. _Faire —_; to carry a boat overland (at waterfalls). *=portail=, _n.m._, front gate, west-door (of a church); door-way, portal. =portant=, =-e=, _adj._, bearing, carrying. _L’un — l’autre_; one with another, one carrying the other. _Il est bien —_; he is in good health. _Tirer sur quelqu’un à bout —_; to shoot at any one quite close, _or_ point-blank. =portati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, portable. =porte=, _adj._, (anat.) portal. _Veine —_; portal vein. =porte=, _n.f._, gate, gateway, door-way, door; door-step, threshold; eye (for hooks); defile (of mountains); the Sublime Porte. _Les —s d’une ville_; the gates of a town. _—s d’enfilade_; suite of doors. _— d’entrée_; entrance door, street door, front door. _— de sortie_; exit door, side door, back door. _— à —_; next door to each other. _— cochère_; courtyard-gate. _— à deux battants_; folding-doors. _— battante_; baize-door. _— vitrée_; glass door. _—-croisée_, (_—s-—s_) terrace, _or_ garden, glass door. _Mettre quelqu’un à la —_; to turn any one out of doors. _Fermer la — au nez de quelqu’un_; to shut the door in any one’s face. _— de derrière_; back door; (fig.) shift. _Prendre la —_; to take to the door. _Refuser la —_; to refuse admittance. _À —s ouvrantes_; at the opening of the gates. _À — close_; with closed doors. _—s d’un bassin_; gates of a dock. _La — ottomane_; the Ottoman, the Sublime Porte. _Faire défendre sa — à_; not to be at home to. =porté=, =-e=, _part._, carried, inclined, prone, disposed; (of shadows) projected. _Il est — par la loi que_; the law provides that. _Il est — à médire_; he is prone to backbiting. =porté=, _n.m._, wear; appearance, style, look. =porte-affiches=, _n.m._, advertising board; (man) sandwich-man. *=porte-aiguille=, _n.m._, (_—_) (surg.) needle-holder; (_—_, or _—-—s_) needle-case. =porte-allumettes=, _n.m._, (_—_) _n.m._, match-box. =porte-amarre=, _n.m._, life-saving apparatus, line rocket. ☉=porte-arquebuse=, _n.m._, (_—_) king’s gun-bearer. =porte-assiette=, _n.m._, (_—_, or _—-—s_) plate-stand. ☉=porte-auge=, _n.m._, (_—_) hodman, mason’s laborer. =porte-baguette=, _n.m._, (_—_) pipe (of muskets, pistols). =porte-baïonnette=, _n.m._, (_—_, or _—-—s_) bayonet-belt. =porte-balle=, _n.m._, peddler, packman. =porte-barres=, _n.m._, (_—_) pole-ring. =porte-bonheur=, _n.m._, bearer of good tidings; bangle. =porte-bossoir=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (nav.) supporter of the cat-head. =porte-bouquet=, _n.m._, bouquet-holder. =porte-bouteilles=, _n.m._, wine-rack, wine-bin. =porte-carabine=, _n.m._, (_—_) carbine-swivel. =porte-carafe=, _n.m._, decanter stand. =porte-cartes=, _n.m._, (_—_) card-rack, card-case. =porte-chape=, _n.m._, cope-bearer. =porte-cierge=, _n.m._, taper-bearer. =porte-choux=, _n.m._, market-gardener’s horse. =porte-cigare=, _n.m._, (_—_) cigar-holder. =porte-cigares=, _n.m._, (_—_) cigar-case. =porte-clefs=, _n.m._, (_—_) turnkey; (mus.) key-board, key-ring. =porte-collet=, _n.m._, pad, stiffener (for collars). =porte-coquetiers=, _n.m._, egg-stand. =porte-crayons=, _n.m._, pencil-case. =porte-croix=, _n.m._, (_—_) cross-bearer. =porte-crosse=, _n.m._, (_—_) crosier-bearer; (milit.) carbine-bucket. =porte-cure-dent=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) tooth-pick case _or_ holder. =porte-dieu=, _n.m._, (_—_) (c.rel.) viaticum-bearer. =porte-drapeau=, _n.m._, (_—_) (milit.) ensign-bearer, ensign, color-sergeant. =portée=, _n.f._, brood, litter; reach (of the hand, arm); reach (of the mind); capacity, compass; comprehension; import (extent of signification); shot (of a missile weapon); (artil.) range; (arch.) pitch; bearing; resting-point; (mus.) staff, stave. _Hors de la — du canon_; beyond cannon range. _A_ or _à la — du fusil_; within gun-shot range. _Cela n’est pas à ma —_; that is not within my reach. _Être à la — de la voix de quelqu’un_; to be within hearing, within call. _À — de trait_; within bow-shot. _Cet ouvrage n’est pas à ma —_; that work is not within my compass, is beyond me. _Cela passe ma —_; that is beyond my comprehension, I cannot make it out, I fail to understand. _Se mettre à la — de quelqu’un_; to come down to the level of any one. _Esprit d’une haute —_; an intellect of great range of thought. _La — d’un raisonnement_; the scope or bearing of an argument. ☉=porte-enseigne=, _n.m._, (_—_) standard-bearer. =porte-épée=, _n.m._, (_—_) sword-bearer; sword-belt, sword-hanger. =porte-éperon=, _n.m._, (_—_, or _—-—s_) spur-strap. =porte-étendard=, _n.m._, (_—_) standard-bearer; cornet. =porte-étrier=, _n.m._, (_—_) stirrup-strap. =porte-étrivière=, _n.m._, stirrup-bar. *=porte-éventail=, _n.m._, (_—_) fan-carrier. =portefaix=, _n.m._, porter, street-porter. =porte-fer=, _n.m._, (_—_) horse-shoe case, iron-stand. *=portefeuille=, _n.m._, portfolio; pocket-book; (pol.) office, portfolio, bill-case. _Tout son bien est en —_; all his property is invested in bills. _Cet auteur a plusieurs ouvrages en —_; that author has several works in manuscript, _or_ lying by. _Courir le —_; to go office-hunting. _En —_; (com.) (of bills) in hand. =porte-flambeau=, _n.m._, (_—_ or _—-—x_) light-bearer; torch-bearer; linkman. =porte-fleurs=, _n.m._, flower-stand. =porte-fouet=, _n.m._, whip-socket; whip-holder. =porte-fourchette=, _n.m._, (_—_, or _—-—s_) knife-rest. =porte-fromage=, _n.m._, (_—_) cheese-tray _or_ stand. =porte-fût=, _n.m._, cask-stand. =porte-gargousse=, _n.m._, (_—_) (nav.) cartridge-box. =porte-giberne=, _n.m._, (mil.) pouch-belt. =porte-hache=, _n.m._, (milit.) axe-case; axe-bearer. =porte-haubans=, _n.m._, (_—_) (nav.) chain-wale. =porte-huilier=, _n.m._, (_—_) cruet-stand. =porte-lanterne=, _n.m._, lantern-fly; lamp-bracket (bicycles). =porte-lettres=, _n.m._, (_—_) letter-case. =porte-liqueurs=, _n.m._, (_—_) liquor-frame. =porte-livre=, _n.m._, book-prop. =porte-lof=, _n.m._, (_—_, or _—-—s_) (nav.) bumkin. =porte-malheur=, _n.m._, (_—_) ill omen, bearer of ill-luck. =porte-malle=, _n.m._, (_—_). _V._ =porte-balle=. =portemanteau=, _n.m._, portmanteau; coat-peg, coat-stand; coat-rail. =porte-masse=, _n.m._, mace-bearer. =porte-mèche=, _n.m._, (_—_) wick-holder; (surg.) tent-probe. =portement=, _n.m._, (paint.) carrying, bearing. _— de croix_; carrying the cross. =porte-mitre=, _n.m._, (_—_) miter-bearer. =porte-monnaie=, _n.m._, (_—_) purse, flat-purse. =porte-montre=, _n.m._, (_—_) watch-stand. =porte-montres=, _n.m._, (_—_) show-case (for watches). =porte-mors=, _n.m._, (_—_) heading-rein, check-piece. =porte-mouchettes=, _n.m._, (_—_) snuffer-tray. =porte-mousqueton=, _n.m._, (_—_) carbine-swivel, hook. =porte-musc=, _n.m._, (_—_). _V._ =musc= (mam.). =porte-musique=, _n.m._, music-stand; canterbury. =porte-objet=, _n.m._, (_—_, or _—-—s_) object-holder, slide. =porte-page=, _n.m._, (_—_) (print.) page-paper. =porte-parapluies=, _n.m._, (_—_) umbrella-stand. =porte-parole=, _n.m._, mouthpiece, spokesman. =porte-peigne=, _n.m._, comb-bag, comb-case. =porte-pièce=, _n.m._, (_—_, or _—-—s_) shoemaker’s punch. =porte-pierre=, _n.m._, (_—_) (surg.) caustic-case. =porte-pipe=, _n.m._, (_—_) pipe-case. =porte-plume=, _n.m._, (_—_, or _—-—s_) pen-holder. =porte-plumes=, _n.m._, (_—_) pen-case. =porte-queue=, _n.m._, (_—_, or _—-—s_) train-bearer. _Grand —_; (orni.) swallow-tail butterfly. =porte-queues=, _n.m._, (billiards) cue-rack. =porter= (-tèr), _n.m._, porter (beer). =porter=, _v.a._, to carry, to bear; to bring; to support; to wear, to have on; to convey, to declare, to express, to measure; to bring forth, to yield, to produce; to declare, to manifest, to induce, to prompt, to impel, to urge, to prevail, to excite, to persuade, to contain, to import, to hit, to strike, to take effect, to tell. _— un fardeau_; to carry a burden. _L’un portant l’autre_; one with another, upon an average. _Vous en porterez le péché_; the sin will lie at your door. _Il ne porte jamais d’argent sur lui_; he never carries money about him. _— un habit_; to wear a coat. _— le deuil_; to be in mourning. _— perruque_; to wear a wig. _— ses cheveux_; to wear one’s own hair. _— une bague au doigt_; to wear a ring on one’s finger. _Il a porté la livrée_; he has worn a livery, he has been a servant. _Elle porte la culotte_; she wears the breeches _or_ the gray mare is the better horse. _— l’épée_; to wear a sword. _— les armes_; to carry arms, to shoulder arms. _— la tête haute_; to carry one’s head high. _— le bras en écharpe_; to carry one’s arm in a sling. _— aux nues_; to laud to the skies. _— son pied en dedans_; to walk with the feet turned in. _—_ (_le nez_) _au vent_; to toss (the head) in the air; (of a horse) its nose in the wind. _Le — haut_; to carry it with a high hand. _— la main à l’épée_; to lay one’s hand upon one’s sword. _— une botte_; (fenc.) to make a thrust. _Porter coup_; to strike home _or_ to tell. _— ses vues bien haut_; to have great aspirations. _Somme qui porte intérêt_; sum that yields _or_ bears interest. _Il en portera la peine_; he will suffer for it. _Vin qui porte bien l’eau_; wine that bears being watered. _Ils l’ont porté à la vengeance_; they have excited him to revenge. _Être porté à la vertu_; to be inclined to virtue. _L’ordre du roi ne porte pas cela_; the king’s order does not convey as much. _L’arrêt porte condamnation_; the sentence carries condemnation with it. _La déclaration porte que_; the declaration stipulates that. _— amitié à quelqu’un_; to bear any one friendship. _— respect_; to respect. _— envie_; to envy. _— bonheur_; to bring good luck. _— préjudice_; to be prejudicial to. _— témoignage_; to bear witness. _— son jugement sur quelque chose_; to pass judgment upon anything. _— une santé_; to propose a toast, to drink to the health of. _se_ =porter=, _v.r._, to be, to do (of health); to tend, to incline; to be inclined, to be disposed; to be worn; to proceed; to repair; to move; to stand forth; to be prone, to resort, to flock (to); to turn, to be directed. _Comment vous portez-vous?_ how do you do? _Se — bien_; to be well, in good health. _Ne pas se — bien_; to be unwell. _— sur les lieux_; to repair to the place. _Cette pièce réussit, la foule s’y porte_; the piece has caught on, crowds go to see it. _Il se porte au bien_; he is well disposed. _Il s’est porté à cela lui-même_; he took to that of his own accord. _Se — fort pour quelqu’un_; to answer for any one, to stand security for any one. _Portez-vous bien!_ good health! take care of yourself. =porter=, _v.n._, to bear, to rest, to lie; (artil., man.) to carry; (nav.) to stand, to bear off; (her.) to bear; to aim at; to hit, to take effect; to reach; to bear young, to be with young (of animals). _Le carrosse porte sur la flèche_; the coach bears upon the pole. _Un raisonnement qui porte à faux_; an inconclusive argument, a remark not to the point. _Tous les coups que l’on tire ne portent pas_; all shots fired do not carry home, _or_ hit the mark. _Ce vin porte à la tête_; that wine goes to the head. _Sa vue porte loin_; his eye reaches far. _— au nord-ouest_; to stand to the north-west. _Les voiles portent_; the sails are full. _— gueules_; (her.) to bear gules. =porte-respect=, _n.m._, (_—_) weapon carried in self-defence; life-preserver; mark of dignity; person of an imposing exterior. =porte-rideau=, _n.m._, (_—-—x_) curtain-pole. =porte-rôtie=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) toast-stand, toast-rack. =porte-scie=, _n.m._, (_—_, or _—-—s_) (ent.) saw-fly. _Insectes —_; saw-flies. =porte-serviettes=, _n.m._, towel-horse. =porte-tapisserie=, _n.m._, (_—_) tapestry frame. =porte-trait=, _n.m._, (_—_, or _—-—s_) trace-strap, trace-robin. =porteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, porter, carrier, heaver; bearer; (com.) holder. _Le — d’une lettre_; the bearer of a letter. _Payable au —_; payable to bearer. _Cheval —_; near-side horse. _— de chaise_; chairman. =porte-vent=, _n.m._, (_—_) (mus.) wind-trunk (of organs). =porte-verge=, _n.m._, (_—_, or _—-—s_) verger, beadle. =porte-vergue=, _n.f._, (_—_) (nav.) iron-horse. =porte-vis=, _n.m._, (_—_) screw-piece. =porte-voix=, _n.m._, (_—_) speaking-trumpet. =portier= (-tié), _n.m._, porter, door-keeper. =portière= (-ti-èr), _n.f._, curtain (before a door); carriage-door; portress. =portière=, _adj.f._, of an age to bear (of cows). =portion=, _n.f._, portion, part, share; allowance, pittance. _— de nourriture_; allowance of food. _Diminuer la — de quelqu’un_; to curtail any one’s allowance. =portioncule=, _n.f._, (l.u.) a small portion. =portique=, _n.m._, portico, doorway; porch. =portor=, _n.m._, portor (black marble). ☉=portraire=, _v.a._, to portray, to depict, to paint. =portrait=, _n.m._, portrait, likeness, picture, image, description. _Peintre de —s_; portrait painter. _— en grand_; full size portrait. _— à l’huile_; portrait in oils. _— en pied_; full length portrait. _— flatté_; flattering portrait. _— chargé_; caricature. =portraitiste=, _n.m.f._, portrait-painter. =portraiture=, _n.f._, ☉portraiture; portrait-painting. _Livre de —_; (paint.) drawing-book. =portugais=, _n.m._, Portuguese (language). =portugais=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Portuguese. =portulan=, _n.m._, (nav.) a book (of sea-ports). =posage=, _n.m._, laying; laying down; (of bells, etc.) putting up. =pose=, _n.f._, laying, setting, laying down on; posture, attitude; show, sham, make-believe; hanging (of bells); stationing, posting (of sentries). _— de la première pierre_; laying of the foundation stone. =posé=, =-e=, _part._, laid, set, poised, bearing, resting, leaning. _Cela —, il s’ensuit que_; this being granted, it follows that. _Un homme bien — dans le monde_; a man in a good position, a man of standing. =posé=, =-e=, _adj._, sedate, staid, sober, grave. =posément=, _adv._, sedately, staidly. =poser=, _v.a._, to place, to set, to lay down; to suppose, to admit, to grant; to post up; to hang, to put up (bells); (mus.) to pitch; (arith.) to put down; to pose (at dominoes). _— le pied_; to set foot. _Posez votre paquet_; lay down your bundle. _— l’arme à terre_; to ground arms. _— les armes_; to lay down one’s arms. _— une figure_; to put a figure in the proper position. _— la première pierre d’un édifice_; to lay the first stone of an edifice. _— à sec_; to lay down dry. _— à cru_; to erect timber framework on the bare ground. _— à plat_; to lay down flat. _— une sonnette_; to hang a bell. _— des gardes_; to post guards. _— en fait_; to lay down as a fact. _— une question_; to put a question. _Posons que cela soit_; let us suppose it to be so. _Il pose bien sa voix_; he gives his voice the proper pitch. _se_ =poser=, _v.r._, to place, perch, pitch, settle one’s self; to assume an attitude, to set up for; to pitch (of birds). =poser=, _v.n._, to bear, to rest, to lean; to take a posture, to stand, to dance attendance, to wait, to sit for one’s portrait, to attitudinize. =poseur=, _n.m._, one who lays down stones, etc.; setter, layer; (rail.) plate-layer. _— de sonnettes_; bell-hanger. =poseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, one who gives himself airs; a prig, a snob. =positi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, positive, certain, practical; certain, sure, matter-of-fact. _Ce fait est —_; it is a positive fact. _Un esprit —_; a practical mind. _C’est un homme —_; he is a matter-of-fact man. _Elle ne m’avait rien promis de —_; she had made me no positive _or_ definite promise. _C’est —!_ it’s a fact! =positif=, _n.m._, positive reality, certainty, fact; (gram.) positive. =position=, _n.f._, position, situation, status, standing; posture; stand, place; station of life, case, state; circumstances. _— embarrassante_; involved circumstances. _Fausse —_; (arith.) false position. _Dans une bonne —_; well off. _Dans une — peu élevée_; in a small, _or_ inferior, position. _Être en — de_; to be able to. _Quelle est sa —?_ how is he circumstanced? =positivement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, positively, exactly, expressly, explicitly. =positivisme=, _n.m._, (philos.) positivism. =positiviste=, _n.m._, (philos.) positivist, follower of positivism. =pospolite=, _n.f._, pospolite (Polish nobility). =possédé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, person possessed, madman, maniac. _Un homme — du démon_; a man possessed of the devil. _Il se démène comme un —_; he lays about him like a madman. =posséder=, _v.a._, to possess, to be possessed of, to be master of, to be conversant with, to enjoy, to own, to hold, to have, to be worth (of a person); to be acquainted with. _— un emploi_; to hold a situation. _Les vertus qu’il possède_; the virtues he is possessed of. _L’ambition le possède_; he is eaten up with ambition. _Le diable le possède_; the devil is in him. _Bien — une langue_; to be thorough master of a language. _Bien — son sujet_; to have a thorough command of one’s subject. _se_ =posséder=, _v.r._, to command one’s temper, to command one’s self, to master one’s passions, to contain one’s self. _Ne point se —_; to be beside one’s self. _Il ne se possède pas de joie_; he is beside himself with joy. =possesseur=, _n.m._, possessor, owner, master; occupant, occupier. _— légitime_; lawful possessor. =possessif=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (gram.) possessive case; possessive. =possession=, _n.f._, possession, occupation, right, privilege. _Mettre en —_; to give possession, to invest. _— antérieure_; preoccupancy. _Prise de —_; taking possession. _— injuste_; wrongful possession. _Être en — de_; to be able to, to have the right _or_ privilege (of). =possessoire=, _adj._, (jur.) possessory. _Action —_; possessory action. =possessoire=, _n.m._, (jur.) possession (of real property). =posset=, _n.m._, posset. =possibilité=, _n.f._, possibility. =possible=, _adj._, possible. _Il est — de le faire_; it is possible to do it. _Il est — qu’il le fasse_; he may possibly do it. _Venez le plus tôt —_; come as early as you can. =possible=, _n.m._, possibility, utmost. _Faire tout son —_; to do one’s utmost. _Je ferai tout mon —_; I’ll do whatever lies in my power, _or_ the best I can, _or_ all I can. _Au —_; amazingly, to a degree. _C’est —_; very likely, that may be. _Pas —!_ you don’t say so! =postal=, =-e=, _adj._, postal, of the post. =postalement=, _adv._, by post. =postcommunion=, _n.f._, (c.rel.) post-communion. =postdate=, _n.f._, (l.u.) postdate. =postdater=, _v.a._, to postdate. =poste=, _n.m._, post; guard-house, station; station-house; place, employment; (nav.) berth; station (of a ship). _— de chirurgiens_; surgeons’ berth. _— des malades_; cockpit. _— de combat_; quarters. _— d’un vaisseau_; station of a ship in a fleet. _Être à — fixe dans un lieu_; to be stationed in a place, to reside on the spot; (fig.) to be a fixture. _Être à son —_; to be at one’s post. =poste=, _n.f._, post, post-house; post-stage; post-office; mail; buck-shot. _Aller en —_; to travel post. _Courir_, or _aller_, _la —_; to ride _or_ travel post; to go post-haste, very fast. _Chevaux de —_; post-horses. _— aux chevaux_; post-house. _— aux lettres_; letter-post, pillar post. _Bureau de —_; post-office. _— pour —_; by return of post. _Maître de —_; postmaster. _Relais de —_; post-stage. _— restante_; till called for. _Directeur des —s_; postmaster general. _Grande —_; General Post-office. _Petite —_; district post-office; receiving house. =posté=, =-e=, _part._, placed, stationed. =postel=, _n.m._, teasel, kind of thistle (used in cloth manufactories). =poster=, _v.a._, to station, to place, to post. =postérieur=, =-e=, _adj._, posterior, subsequent, later; future. =postérieur=, _n.m._, posteriors. =postérieurement= (-eur-mān), _adv._, subsequently, after, since. _à_ =posteriori=, _adv._, (log.) a posteriori (from the effect to the cause); _or_ from what follows. =postériorité=, _n.f._, posteriority. =postérité=, _n.f._, posterity, issue. _En appeler à la —_; to appeal to posterity. _Transmettre son nom à la — la plus reculée_; to transmit, _or_ hand down, one’s name to the remotest posterity. _Passer à la —_; to be handed down to posterity. =postface=, _n.f._, address (placed at the end of a work), after-address. ☉=postfixe=, _n.m._, (gram.) postfix, termination. =posthume=, _n.m._ and _adj._, posthumous child; posthumous. _Œuvres —s_; posthumous works. _Un fils —_; a posthumous son. _C’est un —_; he is a posthumous child. =postiche=, _adj._, superadded; false, misplaced; false, artificial, sham, mock; (milit.) provisional acting. _Dents —s_; false teeth. _Cheveux —s_; false hair. _Caporal —_; acting-corporal. *=postillon=, _n.m._, postilion; post-boy; (backgammon) mark above the half. =postposer=, _v.a._, ☉to put after; (book-bind.) to transpose. =postpositi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) postpositive. =postposition=, _n.f._, postposition. =postscénium=, _n.m._, (_—_) postscenium. =post-scriptum= (-tom), _n.m._, (_—_) postscript. =postulance=, _n.f._, application, candidature. =postulant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, postulant, candidate, applicant. =postulat=, _n.m._, postulate. =postulation=, _n.f._, conducting a suit, _or_ cause; (canon law) application for a dispensation. =postulatum=, _n.m._, (postulata) (philos.) postulate. _V._ =postulat=. =postuler=, _v.a._, to solicit; to apply for, to be a candidate for; (ecc.) to apply for a dispensation. _— une place_; to apply for a place. =postuler=, _v.n._, to conduct a suit, to plead. =posture=, _n.f._, posture, attitude, situation, condition. =pot=, _n.m._, pot, jug; tankard, can, jar; (stationery) foolscap; ☉pot, morion, helmet. _Mettre en —_; to pot. _— de chambre_; chamber-pot. _Bête comme un —_; as stupid as an owl. _Mettre le — sur le feu_; to put the pot on the fire. _Prendre la fortune du —_; to take pot-luck. _— pourri_; hotch-potch; jar filled with all sorts of flowers; medley, jumble, olio. _— à feu_; (artil.) fireball, cresset, fire-pot. _—-au-feu_; (_—_) meat to boil (to make soup); broth; (fig.) bread and butter, bread and cheese. _— à l’eau_; water-jug. _— au lait_; milk-can. _Tourner autour du —_; to beat about the bush. _Gare le — au noir_; beware of the danger. _Découvrir le — aux roses_; to find out the secret, to lay bare the mystery. _Il en payera les —s cassés_; he will pay for the damage, stand the racket. _C’est le — de terre contre le — de fer_; it is the earthen pot against the iron pot (_i.e._, the weak against the strong). _Un — fêlé dure longtemps_; threatened men live long. _Il n’y a si méchant — qui ne trouve son couvercle_; every Jack has his Jill. _Être à — et à rôt avec_; to be great pals with _or_ to be very thick with. =potable=, _adj._, drinkable. =potage=, _n.m._, porridge, soup. _— aux herbes_; vegetable soup. _Il ne trouva que cela pour tout —_; that’s all he found. _Pour tout —_; in all, all told. =potager=, _n.m._, kitchen-stove; kitchen-garden; soup-pan. =potag-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, culinary, cooking. _Herbes_, or _plantes_, _—ères_; pot-herbs. _Jardin —_; kitchen-garden. =potamot=, _n.m._, (bot.) pond-weed. =potasse=, _n.f._, potash. _— d’Amérique_; pearl-ash. =potassium= (-siom), _n.m._, potassium. =pot-de-vin=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) gratuity; premium; good-will; bonus; bribe; tip. =pote=, _adj._, (fam.) big, swollen, sore (of the hand). =poteau=, _n.m._, post, stake, pillar. _— cornier_; corner-post. _— indicateur_ or _guide_; finger-post; sign-post. _— d’enseigne_; sign-post. _— d’arrivée_; winning-post. _— de départ_; starting-post. =potée=, _n.f._, potful; houseful _or_ swarm (of children); putty (of tin); (metal.) molding, luting loam. _— d’étain_; putty-powder. _— d’émeri_; emery dust. =potelé=, =-e= (po-tlé), _adj._, plump, fat, chubby. =potelet= (po-tlè), _n.m._, (carp.) strut; prop. =potence=, _n.f._, gallows, gibbet; bracket; prop; crutch (shaped in the form of a T); sliding rule for measuring the height of men and horses; (nav.) gallowsbit; (horl.) potence. _Gibier de —_; Newgate _or_ jail bird. =potentat=, _n.m._, potentate. =potentiel=, =-le=, (-ci-èl), _adj._, (med., gram.) potential. =potentiellement= (-ci-èl-), _adv._, potentially. *=potentille=, _n.f._, (bot.) cinque-foil. =poterie= (-trî), _n.f._, pottery, earthenware. _— de grès_; stoneware. =poterne=, _n.f._, (fort.) postern. =potiche=, _n.f._, China _or_ Japan vase. =potier= (-tié), _n.m._, potter. _Terre à —_; potter’s clay. _— d’étain_; pewterer. =potin=, _n.m._, pinchbeck; (fam.) gossip, tittle-tattle. =potion=, _n.f._, (med.) potion, draught. =potiron=, _n.m._, pumpkin. ☉=potron-jaquet= _or_ =potron-minet=, _n.m._ _V._ =patron-jaquet=. =pou=, _n.m._, louse. _Des —x_; lice. =pouacre=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (pop.) niggardly; nasty fellow; filthy; nasty. =pouah!= _int._, faugh! ugh! =pouce=, _n.m._, thumb; inch. _Il s’en mordra les —s_; he will rue it, _or_ regret it. _Serrer les —s à quelqu’un_; to wrest a secret from any one. _Mettre les —s_; to give in; to knuckle under. _Manger sur le —_; to have a snack. =poucet=, _n.m._, small thumb. _Le petit —_; Tom Thumb. =poucettes=, _n.f.pl._, manacles (for the thumbs). =poucier=, _n.m._, thumb-stall. =pou-de-soie=, _n.m._, (_—x-—_) _or_ =poult-de-soie=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) (silk) paduasoy; stout silk. =pouding=, _n.m._, pudding. =poudingue= (-dingh), _n.m._, pudding-stone. =poudre=, _n.f._, dust, sand; powder; gunpowder. _— d’or_; gold dust. _Sucre en —_; castor sugar. _Réduire en —_; to pulverize. _Jeter de la — aux yeux de quelqu’un_; to throw dust into the eyes of any one, to impose on any one. _Du tabac en —_; snuff. _— de chasse_; shooting-powder. _Du café en —_; ground coffee. _— à canon_; gunpowder. _La soute aux —s_; (nav.) the powder magazine. _Les —s_; the powder magazine. _Il n’a pas inventé la —_; he is no conjurer; he will never set the Thames on fire. _Mettre le feu aux —s_; (fig.) to fan the flame. =poudrer=, _v.a._, to powder, to pounce, to sprinkle. _se_ =poudrer=, _v.r._, to powder one’s hair. =poudrerie=, _n.f._, gunpowder factory. =poudrette=, _n.f._, dried night soil. _Faire la —_; (of fowls) to roll in the dust. =poudreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, dusty, powdery. _C’est un pied —_; he is a vagabond, a tramp. =poudrier=, _n.m._, sand-box, pounce-box; gunpowder-maker. =poudrière=, _n.f._, powder-mill; powder magazine; sand-box. =poudroyer=, _v.a._, to fill, _or_ cover, with dust. _v.n._, to rise (of the dust); to be dusty (of roads). =pouf=, _n.m._, puff; puffery, hoax; ottoman seat; centre ottoman. _Faiseur de —s_; (fig.) puffer; boaster, charlatan. _Faire des —s_; to disappear without paying one’s debts. =pouf=, _adv._, plump, bang. _À —_; (pop.) on tick, on credit. =pouf=, _adj. invariable_, crumbling (of stones). =pouffer=, _v.n._, to puff. Only used in _— de rire_; to burst out laughing. =poufferie=, _n.f._, puffery. =pouffiste=, _n.m._, puffer. *=pouillé=, _n.m._, register of benefices. *=pouiller=, _v.a._, (pop.) to rail at, to abuse. *_se_ =pouiller=, _v.r._, (pop.) to abuse each other. *=pouilles=, _n.f.pl._, abuse, abusive language. _Il m’a chanté —_; he abused me. *=pouilleu-x=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, lousy person; beggarly fellow; lousy, wretched, mean. *=pouillot=, _n.m._, (orni.) pewet. *=poulailler=, _n.m._, hen-house, poultry-house; poultry-cart; (of persons) poulterer, poultry salesman. =poulain=, _n.m._, foal, colt; (med.) bubo. =poulaine=, _n.f._, (nav.) figure-head. =poulan=, _n.m._, (at cards) pool. =poularde=, _n.f._, fat pullet; capon. =poule=, _n.f._, hen; fowl; pool (play). _Jeune —_; pullet. _— d’Inde_; turkey-hen. _— d’eau_; moor-hen. _Faire venir la chair de —_; to make one’s flesh creep, to make one shudder. _Plumer la — sans la faire crier_; to make any one disgorge without any fuss. _— mouillée_; milk-sop (pers.). =poulet=, _n.m._, chicken; love-letter; (stationery) fancy note-paper. =poulette=, _n.f._, young hen, pullet; lass. _À la —_; with white sauce. ☉=poulevrin=. _V._ =pulvérin=. =pouliche=, _n.f._, filly, foal. =poulie=, _n.f._, pulley; (nav.) block. =poulier=, _v.a._, to hoist, to lift up, with a pulley. =poulierie=, _n.f._, block-shed; block-manufacture; block-manufactory. =poulieur=, _n.m._, block-maker. ☉=poulin=, =-e=. _V._ =poulain=, =pouliche=. =pouliner=, _v.n._, to foal (of mares). =poulinière=, _n.f._ _Jument —_; brood mare. =pouliot=, _n.m._, (bot.) penny-royal. =poulpe=, _n.m._, (mol.) octopus, devil-fish. =pouls= (poo), _n.m._, pulse. _— déréglé_; irregular pulse. _— faible_; low pulse. _— élevé_; high pulse. _— formicant_; small, weak and frequent pulse. _Se tâter le —_; to feel one’s own pulse; (fig.) to gauge one’s strength. _Tâter le — à quelqu’un_; to feel any one’s pulse. _Le — lui bat_; his pulse beats. =poult-de-soie=, _n.m._ (_—s-—_). _V._ =pou-de-soie=. =poumon=, _n.m._, lung, lungs. =poupard=, _n.m._, (triv.) babe, baby, baby-doll. =poupart=, _n.m._, large edible crab. =poupe=, _n.f._, poop, stern. _À — carrée_, square-sterned. _À — étroite_; vertical-sterned. _Vent en —_; stern-wind. _Mettre vent en —_; to bear away before the wind. _Mouiller en —_; to moor by the stern. _Avoir le vent en —_; to sail before the wind; (fig.) to be in luck’s way. =poupée=, _n.f._, doll; puppet; (arch.) poppy-head; (hort.) crown-graft; bunch of hemp _or_ flax tied to the distaff. _Enter en —_; (hort.) to graft in the bark. =poupin=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, (fam.) fop, beau, dandy, belle; smart, spruce, dashy. =poupon=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, plump, chub-cheeked baby, boy, girl. _Ma —ne_; my darling. =pour=, _prep._, for; on account of; in order; towards; to; though, notwithstanding. _— toujours_, _— jamais_; for ever. _— le moins_; at least. _— cet effet_; therefore, for this purpose. _— ainsi dire_; as it were, so to speak. _Il fera cela — vous_; he will do that for your sake. _On l’a laissé — mort_; he was left for dead. _— qui me prenez-vous?_ whom do you take me for? _Je le tiens — mon ami_; I take him to be, _or_ consider him, my friend. _— moi_; for my part, as for me. _— ce qui est de moi, j’y consens_; for my part I consent to it. _Comme —_; as if, as much as (to). _— ce qui est de_; as regards, as for. =pour=, _n.m._, for, pro. _Les — et les contre_; the pros and cons. =pourboire=, _n.m._, drink-money; tip. _Demander un —_; to ask for something (over and above the legal fare). =pourceau=, _n.m._, hog, pig, swine. _Etable à —x_; hog-sty. _— de mer_; sea-hog, porpoise. _C’est un vrai —_; he is a perfect beast. =pour-cent=, _n.m._, percentage. =pourchasser=, _v.a._, to pursue, to seek eagerly; to chase; to dun, to badger. =pourfendeur=, _n.m._, (l.u.) killer; swaggerer, bully. _— de géants_; giant-killer, braggadocio. =pourfendre=, _v.a._, (fam.) to cleave asunder, to cleave; to kill outright. =pourir=, _v.n._ _V._ =pourrir=. =pourissage= _or_ =pourrissage=, _n.m._, (tech.) retting. =pourissoir= _or_ =pourrissoir=, _n.m._, (tech.) retting vat. =pouriture=, _n.f._ _V._ =pourriture=. =pourlécher=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to lick all over; (fig.) to polish, to labor. _se_ =pourlécher=, _v.r._, (fam.) to lick one’s chops; (fig.) to gloat over (in anticipation). =pour lors=, _adv._, then, after that; at that time; henceforward. =pourparler=, _n.m._, parley, conference. _Entrer en —s_; to enter into negotiations; to discuss. =pour peu que=, _conj._, ever so little, however little; if only. =pourpier=, _n.m._, (bot.) purslain. =pourpoint=, _n.m._, doublet. _À brûle-—_; quite close; point-blank. _Mettre quelqu’un en —_; to ruin any one. _Se mettre en —_; to be ready to fight. _Un argument à brûle —_; a convincing, irresistible argument. _Donner à quelqu’un un — de pierre_; to clap any one into prison. =pourpre=, _n.m._, purple; (med.) purples; (her.) purpure. =pourpre=, _adj._, purple. =pourpre=, _n.f._, purple (stuff); purple-dye; purple-fish; (fig.) sovereign dignity; cardinalate. _Porter la —_; to wear the purple. _Être né dans la —_; to be born in a palace, in the purple. =pourpré=, =-e=, _adj._, purpled, purple. _Fièvre —e_; purpura, petechial fever. =pourprier=, _n.m._, (mol.) purpura. ☉=pourpris=, _n.m._, inclosure; abode, home. =pour que=, _conj._, in order that, so that, to. =pourquoi=, _adv._, why, wherefore. _— cela?_ why so? _— pas?_ why not? =pourquoi=, _conj._, why, for what, upon what account; for what reason. _Demandez-moi —_; I don’t know why (_i.e._ I should like to know why). _C’est —_; therefore. =pourquoi=, _n.m._, the reason why; the why and the wherefore. _Je voudrais bien savoir le —_; I would fain know the why and the wherefore. =pourri=, _n.m._, rottenness, rotten part. =pourri=, =-e=, _part._, rotten. _— de cuisson_; done to rags. _Pomme —e_; rotten apple. _Pierre —e_; rotten stone. =pourrir=, _v.n._, to rot, to grow rotten; to perish. =pourrir=, _v.a._, to rot, to make rotten; to mature (of a cold), to ripen. _se_ =pourrir=, _v.r._, to get rotten. =pourrissage=, _n.m._ _V._ =pourissage=. =pourrissant=, =-e=, _adj._, rotting. =pourrissoir=, _n.m._ _V._ =pourissoir=. =pourriture=, _n.f._, rot, rottenness, putrefaction, decay; (agri.) brown rust; (vet.) rot. =poursuite=, _n.f._, pursuit, chase; prosecution; persecution; (jur.) suit, action, proceedings. _Intenter des —s_; (jur.) to institute proceedings, to take proceedings. =poursuivable=, _adj._, actionable. =poursuivant=, _n.m._, candidate; suitor, wooer; (jur.) prosecutor, plaintiff. _— d’armes_; pursuivant at arms. =poursuivant=, _adj._, pursuing; (jur.) suing, prosecuting. =poursuivre=, _v.a._, to pursue, to hunt, to chase; to endeavor to obtain, to seek for; to go on (with), to proceed (with), to follow up; to persecute, to annoy, to beset; to haunt; (jur.) to sue; (jur.) to prosecute, to action. _— quelqu’un en justice_; to prosecute any one at law. _— l’ennemi_; to pursue the enemy. _— un procès_; to carry on a lawsuit. _— une charge_; to endeavor to obtain a post. _— une pension_; to solicit a pension. _— son discours_; to proceed with one’s speech. _— son chemin_; to proceed on one’s way, to pursue one’s road, to go on one’s way. _se_ =poursuivre=, _v.r._, to pursue one another, to be pursued, to be continued; (jur.) to be sued; to be prosecuted. =poursuivre=, _v.n._, to pursue, to continue. _Poursuivez!_ go on! =pourtant=, _adv._, however, howsoever, yet, still, for all that, notwithstanding, though, nevertheless. =pourtour=, _n.m._, periphery, circumference, circuit; pit-tier (in a theatre). =pourvoi=, _n.m._, (jur.) appeal (for reversal of judgment), application. _— en grâce_; petition for mercy. =pourvoir=, _v.n._, to see to, to look to; to attend to; to provide (for), to supply, to make provision for; to nominate, to appoint. _Pourvoyez à cette affaire_; see to that business. _— à sa subsistance_; to provide for one’s living. _— à un bénéfice_; to prefer to a living, to appoint, to nominate to a living. =pourvoir=, _v.a._, to invest with, to put in possession of; to provide, to supply, to furnish, to stock; to endow. _— une place de vivres_; to victual a garrison. _Ce père a bien pourvu tous ses enfants_; that father has made a handsome provision for all his children. _se_ =pourvoir=, _v.r._, to provide one’s self; to apply, to sue, to make application for. _Se — en justice_; to sue at law. _Se — par appel_; to enter an appeal. _Se — en cassation_; to appeal for a reversal of judgment. _Se — en grâce_; to petition for mercy. ☉=pourvoirie=, _n.f._, provision-store. =pourvoyant=, _adj._, providing, provident. =pourvoyeur=, _n.m._, purveyor, provider, caterer; (fig.) go-between. =pourvoyeuse=, _n.f._, procuress. =pourvu que=, _conj._, provided that; provided; it is to be hoped that, let us hope that. _— — vous le fassiez_; provided you do it. =pousse=, _n.f._, shoot, sprout; (vet.) heaves, shortness of breath, broken wind (in horses); asthma; ☉bum-bailiffs (sheriff’s officers); bitterness (a disease in wines); choke-damp (in mines). =poussé=, =-e=, _part._, pushed. _Ce cheval est — de nourriture_; this horse has been fed too much. _Du vin —_; turbid, diseased wine. =pousse-café=, _n.m._, liqueur (after coffee). ☉=pousse-cul=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) bum-bailiff. =poussée=, _n.f._, pushing, thrusting; push, thrust (of arches); press (of business). _Donner la — à quelqu’un_; to follow up any one closely. _Faire une belle —_; (fam., iron.) to do a mighty fine thing. _Donner une — à_; to give a push to. =pousse-pieds=, _n.m._ (_—_). _V._ =anatife=. =pousser=, _v.a._, to push, to give a push to, to thrust, to give a thrust to, to shove, to shove on, to drive, to drive on, to impel; to strike, to throw, to hit; to carry on, to extend, to forward; to send forth, to shoot forth, to put out, to put forth (of plants); to urge, to stir up, to provoke, to impel, to incite, to instigate; to bring forward, to assist forward, to help on; to utter (a groan); to heave, to fetch (a sigh). _— en avant_; to push on. _— dehors_; to thrust out. _— un cheval_; to urge on a horse. _— le temps avec l’épaule_; (prov.) to endeavor to gain time. _— la porte au nez de quelqu’un_; to slam the door in any one’s face. _— le dé_; to throw the dice. _— une botte_; (fenc.) to make a thrust. _— un mur plus loin_; to carry a wall further on. _— un raisonnement trop loin_; to carry an argument too far. _— à bout_; to provoke beyond endurance. _— une affaire à bout_; to carry a thing to a successful issue or to go through with anything. _— une tranchée_; to carry forward a trench. _— des cris_; to utter cries. _— des soupirs_; to heave sighs. _Vous me poussez trop_; you urge me too far. _C’est un tel qui l’a poussé_; it was so and so who egged him on. _— sa pointe_; to pursue one’s point. _On l’a poussé à se battre_; they set him on to fight. _— quelqu’un de questions_; to badger, to ply any one with questions. _Les arbres commencent à — des boutons_; the trees are beginning to put forth buds. _se_ =pousser=, _v.r._, to push forward, to push one’s self forward, to be pushed forward, to be pushed, to be carried; to push forward one another. _Se — de nourriture_; to eat too much. =pousser=, _v.n._, to sprout, to sprout forth, to shoot, to shoot forth (of plants); to be broken-winded (of horses); to grow (of the hair, nails); to push forward, to push on, to go on; to bulge, to jut out. _Les blés poussent déjà_; the corn is already coming up. _Ce mur pousse en dehors_; this wall bulges outwards. _Poussons jusqu’à la forêt_; let us push forward, or on, as far as the forest. =poussette=, _n.f._, pushpin (game). =pousseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, pusher, shover; utterer (of sighs). =poussier=, _n.m._, coal-dust; gunpowder-dust; turf-dust. =poussière=, _n.f._, dust, powder; (bot.) pollen, male-seed; (of water) spray. _Nuage de —_; cloud of dust. _— de la mer_; spray. _Réduire en —_; to reduce to dust. _Jeter de la — aux yeux de quelqu’un_; to throw dust into any one’s eyes. _Tirer quelqu’un de la —_; to raise any one from the depths of poverty. _Il fait de la —_; it is dusty, the roads are dusty. =poussiéreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, dusty. =poussif=, _n.m._, (pop.) pursy fellow _or_ creature. =poussi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (pop.) pursy; (vet.) short-winded, broken-winded. =poussin=, _n.m._, chick, young chicken. _— qui ne fait que d’éclore_; chick just out of its shell. =poussinière=, _n.f._, chick-room, chicken-coop; (pop.) (astron.) Pleiades. =poussoir=, _n.m._, (horl.) pusher; driver (dentistry). =poussolane=. _V._ =pouzzolane=. =poutre=, _n.f._, beam; girder; mote (in the eye). =poutrelle=, _n.f._, small beam; (carp.) stop-plank. =pouvoir= (pouvant, pu), _v.n._, to be able, can, may, to have power, to be allowed, to be possible. _— marcher_; to be able to walk. _Je ne puis vous répondre_; I cannot answer you. _N’en — plus_; to be worn out, to be completely exhausted, to be tired out, to be done up. _N’en — mais_, _ne — mais d’une chose_; (fam.) to have had no share (in), nothing to do (with) anything. _Pouvait-il mais de cela?_ could he possibly help that? _Puisse-t-il réussir_; may he succeed. _Il peut arriver que_; it may happen that. _Il pourrait survenir une circonstance qui changeât la face des choses_; some circumstance might arise which would change the whole face of matters. _Je n’y puis rien_; I cannot help it. _Je puis ne pas le faire_; I may not do it. _Je ne puis pas le faire_; I cannot do it. _Il peut se faire_ or _il se peut faire que_; it may happen that; it may be possible for me to. _Vous avez pu voir_; you may have seen. _Vous n’avez pas pu voir_; you cannot have seen. _Vous avez pu ne pas voir_; you may not have seen. _Il peut_, or _pourrait_, _avoir vingt ans_; he may, _or_ might, be twenty. _Cela se pourrait bien_; it might be so; it is not at all unlikely. _Cela pourrait bien être_; it might be so. _Il se pourrait bien que_; it might be, it might happen that. _Il pourrait se faire que_; it is not at all unlikely that. _Pouvez-vous bien!_ how can you! _Autant que faire se peut_; as far as it is possible, On ne peut plus; exceedingly, extremely, etc. =pouvoir=, _v.a._, can do, to be able to do; to have power. _Je ne puis rien à cela_; I can do nothing in that business. _Vous pouvez tout sur lui_; you have great power over him. _Je ne crois pas le —_; I do not think I can do it. _se_ =pouvoir=, _v.r.imp._, to be possible, may be, can be. _Cela se peut_; that may be, that is possible. _Il se pourrait que_; it might happen that. _Cela ne se peut pas_; that is impossible. =pouvoir=, _n.m._, power; sway, authority, might, force, command, government; executive power. _Il est en son — de_; he has it in his power to. _Avoir une chose en son —_; to have a thing in one’s possession. _Être fondé de —s_; to have a power of attorney. _Il a plein — de_; he has full powers to. _Abuser de son —_; to abuse one’s power. _Avoir un —_; (jur.) to have a power of attorney, a letter of attorney. =pouzzolane= _or_ =pozzolane=, _n.f._, (_—s_) pozzalana, puzzolana, pozzuolana. =pp.=, ab. of the word _Pères_, fathers (of the church). =pragmatique=, _n.f._ and _adj._, pragmatic sanction; pragmatic. =prairial=, _n.m._, Prairial, ninth month of the calendar of the first French republic, from May 20th to June 18th. =prairie=, _n.f._, meadow, grass-land, grass-field, prairie, savannah. _—s artificielles_; grounds sown with grass, clover. =praline=, _n.f._, burnt almond. =praliner=, _v.a._, to burn with sugar (like burnt almonds); to crystallize. =prame=, _n.f._, (nav.) pram, dingy (Norwegian boat). =praticabilité=, _n.f._, practicability. =praticable=, _adj._, practicable, feasible, possible; passable (of roads); accessible, real. _Si la chose est —_; if the thing be practicable. _Les chemins ne sont pas —s_; the roads are not passable. _Porte —_, _fenêtre —_; (thea.) real door, real window. =praticables=, _n.m.pl._, (thea.) real (not painted) objects. =praticien= (-si-in), _n.m._ and _adj._, practitioner; (sculpt.) figure-carver; practicing. _Médecin —_; practicing physician. =pratiquant=, =-e=, _adj._ and _n._, church-goer, communicant. =pratique=, _n.f._, practice, practical part, observance, usage, habit; dealing, doing, customer, custom; practice (of attorneys, notaries, physicians); Punch’s whistle, squeaker; underhand dealing, secret practice; (nav.) pratique. _Mettre en —_; to put into practice, to practice. _Faire de sourdes —s_; to carry on clandestine, underhand dealings. _C’est une bonne —_; he is a good customer. _Donner — à un vaisseau_; (nav.) to admit a vessel to pratique. _Cet avoué entend bien la —_; that attorney is well versed in the practice of the law. _Terme de —_; law-term. _Obtenir_, or _recevoir_, _—_; (nav.) to take pratique. =pratique=, _adj._, pertaining to practice, practical, experienced. _Être — d’un lieu_; (nav.) to be a good pilot for a place. =pratiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, practically. =pratiquer=, _v.a._, to practice, to exercise; to frequent, to converse with, to keep company with; to tamper with, to suborn, to bribe, to obtain, to procure; (arch.) to contrive, to let in. _— la médecine_; to practice as a doctor. _Se garder de — les méchants_; to avoid associating with the wicked. _— un chemin_; to open a road. _— un trou_; to make, to contrive, to let in, a hole. _— des intelligences_; to get intelligence. _— des témoins_; to suborn witnesses. _se_ =pratiquer=, _v.r._, to be in use, to be practiced, to be customary, to open _or_ make for one’s self (a way). _Cela ne se pratique point_; that is not usual; such things are not done. =pratiquer=, _v.n._, to practice, to exercise, to frequent, to associate with; to obtain, to open; to build, to contrive; to arrange; (nav.) to have free intercourse. =pré=, _n.m._, meadow, small mead; paddock; ground (to fight a duel). _Se trouver sur le —_; to be upon the ground. =préadamites=, _n.m.pl._, preadamites. =préalable=, _adj._, preliminary; previous. =préalable=, _n.m._, necessary preliminary; preliminary. _Au —_; previously, first of all. =préalablement=, _adv._, previously, first. =préambule=, _n.m._, preamble, preface. _Point de —_; no preface, please! go straight to the point. =préau=, _n.m._, yard, paddock, green; close (of a cathedral); courtyard (of a convent _or_ prison). =prébende=, _n.f._, prebend, prebendaryship. =prébendé=, =-e=, _adj._, in possession of a prebend; prebendal. =prébendier=, _n.m._, prebendary. =précaire=, _adj._, _n.m._, precarious; uncertain; precarious tenure. =précairement= (-kèr-mān), _adv._, precariously. =précaution=, _n.f._, precaution; caution, care. _Prendre des —s auprès de quelqu’un_; to proceed warily with any one. _User de —_; to use caution. =précautionner=, _v.a._, to warn, to caution. _se_ =précautionner=, _v.r._, to be cautious, to guard against, to take precautions. _Se — contre la chaleur_; to guard against the heat. =précédemment= (-da-mān), _adv._, before, previously. =précédent=, =-e=, _adj._, precedent, former, preceding, previous. =précédent=, _n.m._, something done _or_ said previously; precedent. =précéder=, _v.a._, to precede, to go before, to go first; to have or take precedence (of). _Il était précédé par_, _il était précédé de_; he was preceded by. =préceinte=, _n.f._, (nav.) wale, bend, rib-band. _— basse_, _première —_, _seconde —_; main wale. _Troisième et quatrième —_; channel-wale. =précepte=, _n.m._, precept, rule. =précepteur=, _n.m._, tutor, private tutor, preceptor, teacher, master. =préceptoral=, =-e=, _adj._, preceptorial. =préceptorat=, _n.m._, preceptorship, tutorship. =précession=, _n.f._, (astron.) precession. =prêche=, _n.m._, sermon (Protestant); Protestant church, meeting-house. _Quitter le —_; to cease to be a Protestant; to turn Catholic. =prêcher=, _v.a._, to preach, to hold forth, to preach up, to extol, to praise, to keep telling, to repeat. _— la parole de Dieu_; to preach the word of God. _Ne — que malheur et misère_; to be always complaining of the hardness of the times. _— les fidèles_; to exhort the faithful. _— toujours la même chose_; to be always repeating the same thing. _— dans le désert_; to preach to empty benches; (fig.) to convince no one. _Chacun prêche pour son saint_; every one has an eye to his own interest, or looks after number one. _— ses exploits_; to extol, to boast, of one’s exploits. =prêcher=, _v.n._, to preach. _— d’exemple_; to set the example, to practice what one preaches. _— sur la vendange_; to preach over one’s cups. _On a beau — à qui n’a cœur de bien faire_; to reprove a fool is but labor lost. =prêcheu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (fam.) preacher, sermonizer. _Frère —_; Dominican friar. =précieuse=, _n.f._, conceited woman; prude; euphuist. =précieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, preciously, carefully; (paint.) very elaborately. =précieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, precious, costly, valuable; affected, finical, precise, over-nice. _C’est un document des plus —_; it is a most valuable document. _Tableau d’un fini —_; picture of exquisite, or elaborate, finish. =précieux=, _n.m._, affectation, affectedness; affected man. =préciosité=, _n.f._, (l.u.) affectation, affectedness; euphuism. =précipice=, _n.m._, precipice. _On l’a tiré du —_; he has been rescued from destruction. ☉=précipitable=, _adj._, (chem.) precipitable. =précipitamment= (-ta-mān), _adv._, precipitately, hurriedly, rashly, precipitously, headlong. =précipitant=, _n.m._, (chem.) precipitant. =précipitation=, _n.f._, precipitation, haste, hurry; (chem.) precipitation. =précipité=, =-e=, _part._, precipitated, hurled; precipitate; rash, hasty, sudden. _— de haut en bas_; hurled headlong from top to bottom. _Course —e_; hasty flight. _Marcher à pas —s_; to walk with hurried steps. _Départ —_; sudden departure. =précipité=, _n.m._, (chem.) precipitate. =précipiter=, _v.a._, to precipitate, to throw, to hurl, to dash down; to hurry on, to hasten; to plunge; (chem.) to precipitate. _— sa retraite_; to hasten one’s retreat. _— ses pas_; to quicken one’s steps. _se_ =précipiter=, _v.r._, to precipitate one’s self; to rush forward, to dash forth; to spring forth, to dart, to hurl one’s self (down), to run. _Se — sur quelqu’un_; to rush upon any one. =préciput=, _n.m._, preference legacy; jointure. =précis=, _n.m._, summary, abstract, compendium, epitome. =précis=, =-e=, _adj._, precise, distinct, exact, strict, formal, terse, concise, fixed, just. _Venir à l’heure —e_; to come exactly at the appointed time. _Prendre des mesures —es_; to take just _or_ strict measures. =précisément=, _adv._, precisely, exactly, quite, just; just so. =préciser=, _v.a._, to state precisely, to specify, to fix, to determine. =précision=, _n.f._, precision, preciseness. =précité=, _adj._, (jur.) above-mentioned, aforesaid. =précoce=, _adj._, precocious, early, forward; premature. _Fruit —_; early fruit. _Un esprit —_; a precocious mind. =précocité=, _n.f._, precociousness, precocity. =précompte=, _n.m._, previous deduction. =précompter= (-kon-té), _v.a._, to deduct beforehand _or_ previously. =préconçu=, =-e=, _adj._, preconceived. =préconisation=, _n.f._, preconization, commendation; praise. =préconiser=, _v.a._, to extol, to cry up, to praise, to recommend; to preconize, to sanction the appointment of. =préconnaissance=, _n.f._, foreknowledge. =préconnaître=, _v.a._, to foreknow. =précordial=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) præcordial. =précurseur=, _n.m._, forerunner, precursor, harbinger, herald. _adj._, premonitory. =prédécéder=, _v.n._, to die first, to predecease. =prédécès=, _n.m._, predecease. =prédécesseur=, _n.m._, predecessor. =prédestinateur=, _n.m._, predestinator. =prédestinatien= (-sî-in), _n.m._ and _adj._, predestinarian. =prédestination=, _n.f._, predestination. _— à la grâce_; predestination to be saved. =prédestiné=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, one of the elect; elect, predestinated. _Avoir un visage de —_; to have a happy-looking face. =prédestiner=, _v.a._, to predestinate, to foredoom. =prédéterminant=, _adj._, (theol.) predetermining. =prédétermination=, _n.f._, predetermination. =prédéterminer=, _v.a._, to predetermine. =prédial=, =-e=, _adj._, predial. _Des rentes —es_; ground-rents. =prédicable=, _adj._, (log.) predicable. =prédicament=, _n.m._, (log.) predicament. =prédicant=, _n.m._, (b.s.) Protestant preacher. =prédicat=, _n.m._, (log., gram.) predicate. =prédicateur=, _n.m._, preacher, divine, teacher. =prédication=, _n.f._, preaching. =prédiction=, _n.f._, prediction, forecast. =prédilection=, _n.f._, predilection, partiality, preference. _De —_; favorite. =prédire=, _v.a._, to predict, to foretell, to forebode; to presage, to forecast. =prédisposant=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) predisposing. =prédisposer=, _v.a._, (med.) to predispose. =prédisposition=, _n.f._, (med.) predisposition, tendency. =prédominance=, _n.f._, predominance, prevalence. =prédominant=, _-e_, _adj._, predominant, prevalent, prevailing. =prédominer=, _v.n._, to predominate, to prevail. =prééminence=, _n.f._, pre-eminence. =prééminent=, =-e=, _adj._, pre-eminent. =préempter=, _v.a._, to preempt, to buy beforehand. =préemption=, _n.f._, preemption. =préétablir=, _v.a._, to preestablish. =préexistant=, =-e=, _adj._, pre-existent, pre-existing. =préexistence=, _n.f._, pre-existence. =préexister=, _v.n._, to pre-exist. =préface=, _n.f._, preface, preamble, exordium, introduction. =préfectoral=, _adj._, pertaining, relating to a French prefect; prefectorial. =préfecture=, _n.f._, prefectship, prefecture; prefect’s house, prefect’s offices. _— de police_; headquarters (of the police); Scotland yard. =préférable=, _adj._, preferable. =préférablement=, _adv._, preferably. =préférence=, _n.f._, preference. _De —_; in preference. =préférer=, _v.a._, to prefer, to choose. =préfet=, _n.m._, (Rom. antiq.) prefect; chief administrator of each department in France. _— des études_; vice-principal (of schools). _— de police_; chief commissioner of police. _— maritime_; naval commander-in-chief (of a district). =préfète=, _n.f._, “préfet’s” wife. =préfinir=, _v.a._, (jur.) to fix a term, _or_ a delay, to limit, to prearrange, to appoint. =préfix= (-fiks), =-e=, _adj._, (jur.) prefixed, appointed. =préfixe=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (gram.) prefix; prefixed. =préfixion=, _n.f._, (jur.) settled time, prefixion. =préfloraison=, _n.f._, (bot.) prefloration. =préfoliation=, _n.f._, (bot.) foliation, vernation. ☉=prégnation=, _n.f._, gestation (of animals). =préhensible=, _adv._, prehensible. =préhensile=, _adj._, prehensile. =préhension=, _n.f._, prehension. =préhistorique=, _adj._, pre-historic, pre-historical. =préjudice=, _n.m._, prejudice, hurt, wrong, detriment, injury, loss, damage. _Il a obtenu cela à mon —_; he obtained that to my prejudice, _or_ to my detriment. _Cela vous portera —_; that will be detrimental to you. _Au — de_; to the detriment of. _Sans — de mes droits_; without prejudice to my claims. =préjudiciable=, _adj._, prejudicial, detrimental, injurious, hurtful. =préjudiciaux=, _adj.m.pl._ _Frais —_; (jur.) previous costs. =préjudiciel=, =-le=, _adj._, (jur.) interlocutory. _Question —le_; interlocutory question (to be decided previous to the principal action). =préjudicier=, _v.n._, to prejudice, to do prejudice (to), to be prejudicial, to be detrimental (to), to hurt, to injure. =préjugé=, _n.m._, presumption, appearance, prejudice; (jur.) precedent. _Exempt de —s_; free from prejudices. _Homme sans —_; unprejudiced man. _Se défaire de ses —s d’enfance_; to rid one’s self of one’s early prejudices. _Dissiper les —s_; to remove prejudices. =préjuger=, _v.a._, to prejudge; to conjecture; to foresee, to guess (at); (jur.) to give an interlocutory judgment. =prélart= _or_ =prélat=, _n.m._, (nav.) tarpaulin. _se_ =prélasser=, _v.r._, to strut, to stalk (past), to parade, to make a great show; to loll, to lounge; to take one’s ease. =prélat=, _n.m._, prelate; (nav.) _V._ =prélart=. ☉=prélation=, _n.f._, preference, prelation. =prélature=, _n.f._, prelacy, episcopacy. =prèle= _or_ =presle=, _n.f._, (bot.) horsetail, shave-grass. =prélegs= (-lè), _n.m._, preference, legacy. =préléguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to give as a preference-legacy. =prèler=, _v.a._, to rub with horsetail. =prélèvement= (-lèv-mān), _n.m._, previous deduction, levying. =prélever= (prél-vé), _v.a._, to deduct, to take off first, to levy. _Se —_; to be deducted previously, to be levied. =préliminaire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, preliminary. =préliminairement=, _adv._, preliminarily. =prélire=, _v.a._, (print.) to read a first time. =prélude=, _n.m._, prelude. =préluder=, _v.n._, to prelude, to flourish, to play a prelude. _— à une chose par une autre_; to make one thing a prelude to another. =prématuré=, =-e=, _adj._, premature, untimely. =prématurément=, _adv._, prematurely. =prématurité=, _n.f._, prematureness, prematurity. =préméditation=, _n.f._, premeditation, malice aforethought; (jur.) malice prepense. _Avec —_; designedly, willfully; with malice aforethought. =prémédité=, =-e=, _part._, premeditated. =préméditer=, _v.a._, to premeditate. _Se —_; to be premeditated. =prémices=, _n.f.pl._, first-fruits; (fig) beginning. =premi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, first; foremost; opening; premier; chief, principal; former, ancient, old, primitive, primeval; early prime; (of materials) raw. _Nos —s parents_; our first parents. _Les —s temps du monde_; the early ages of the world. _Au — abord_; at first view, _or_ sight. _— en date_; senior. _En — lieu_; in the first place. ☉_—-pris_; wretched-looking man. _Il a l’air d’un —-pris_; he looks wretched. _— venu_; first comer; no matter who. _—-né_ (_—s-—s_) first-born. _En —e_; in a first-class carriage. _Les —es_; first tier boxes _or_ dress-circle; first-class cabin _or_ saloon cabin. _Matière —e_; raw material. _Les —s vont devant_; first come, first served. =premier=, _n.m._, former; first; first floor; chief, head, leader. _Jeune —_, _m._, _jeune —ère_, _f._, _V._ =jeune=. _Il demeure au —_; he lives on the first floor. =premièrement= (-mièr-mān), _adv._, first, firstly, in the first place. =prémisses=, _n.f.pl._, (log.) premises. =prémonitoire=, _adj._, (med.) premonitory. =prémontrés=, _n.m.pl._, Premonstrants, a regular order of canons of Prémontré in Picardy (France). =prémotion=, _n.f._, (theol.) premotion. =prémunir=, _v.a._, to forewarn, to caution, to provide; to fortify, _or_ secure, beforehand. _se_ =prémunir=, _v.r._, to provide, to be provided; to strengthen, to fortify one’s self (against). _Se — contre le froid_; to fortify one’s self against the cold. =prenable=, _adj._, to be taken, pregnable; seizable; expugnable; corruptible. =prenant=, =-e=, _adj._, receiving (of a person); having to receive money; prehensile. _Queue —e_; prehensile tail. _Partie —e_; payee. =prendre= (prenant, pris), _v.a._, to take; to take up; to lay hold of; to seize; to accept; to apprehend; to fetch; to assume; to contract; to pick out; to snatch; to catch (a cold); to take root; to freeze (of rivers, etc.); to turn, to curdle (of milk); to ignite, to begin to burn; to act, to succeed; to imbibe; to call for (any one); to attack (of diseases); to collect (votes); to contract (diseases, engagements); to help one’s self to. _— garde_; to take heed. _— parti pour quelqu’un_; to take any one’s part, to side with any one. _— feu_; to take _or_ catch fire. _— son parti_; to make up one’s mind. _— les armes_; to take up arms. _— une ville d’assaut_; to take a town by storm. _— médecine_; to take physic. _— du tabac_; to take snuff. _— congé de quelqu’un_; to take leave of any one. _— la rue à droite_; to take the street on the right. _— le plus court_; to go the shortest way. _— les devants_; to go on before. _— bien son temps_; to hit the time well, to choose the right moment. _— naissance_; to take its rise (of things). _— fait et cause pour quelqu’un_; to take any one’s part, to undertake any one’s defense, to side with any one. _— quelqu’un sur le fait_; to catch any one in the act. _— exemple sur quelqu’un_; to model one’s self on any one. _— avis de quelqu’un_; to take any one’s advice. _— les avis_; to collect the votes. _— intérêt_, _— part à_; to take part in, to be a party to, to be concerned in, to be a partaker of, to be interested in. _— l’air_; to take an airing. _— bien le sens d’un auteur_; to catch an author’s meaning. _Vous prenez mal mes paroles_; you misconstrue my words. _— une chose en bonne part_; to take a thing well, in good part. _— les choses de travers_; to take things amiss, the wrong way. _— bien_, or _mal_, _une affaire_; to go the right, _or_ the wrong, way to work in anything. _— sur son sommeil_; to encroach upon one’s sleep. _— les choses comme elles viennent_; to take things as they come. _— l’occasion aux cheveux_; to take time by the forelock. _— pour dit_; to take for granted. _À tout —_; upon the whole, in the main. _— le chemin de l’hôpital_; to be on the high road to ruin. _Ne savoir pas — quelqu’un_; not to know how to deal with any one. _Il en a pris sa bonne part_; he has had his fair share of it. _Il m’a pris en amitié_; he has taken a liking to me. _Je vous y prends_; now I have caught you (at it). _Ça ne prend pas_; (fam.) that’s no go; it doesn’t catch on. _Si la curiosité me prend d’y aller_; if curiosity prompts, _or_ impels, me to go there. _L’envie lui prit d’y aller_; he took a sudden fancy to go (there). _Il prend beaucoup sur lui_; he assumes much, he takes much upon himself. _Cela prend forme_; that is beginning to take shape. _Je sors d’en —_; (fam.) I’d rather be excused; I have just had one (_i.e._, a drink), _or_ just bought some (of things). _Qu’est-ce qui vous prend?_ what’s up now? _C’est autant de pris sur l’ennemi_; it is so much snatched from the fire. _Ce qui est bon à — est bon à rendre_; what is worth taking is worth keeping. _Bien lui en prit_; it was lucky for him he did. _— terre_; (nav.) to land. _— le vent_; (nav.) to sail near the wind. _— le large_; (nav.) to stand out to sea, to cross the bar. _se_ =prendre=, _v.r._, to be taken, to be caught; to catch, to cling; to freeze, to congeal (of liquids); to begin; to go to work. _Le sirop se prendra bientôt_; the syrup will soon coagulate, _or_ set. _Se — à pleurer_; to begin to cry. _Se bien — à une chose_; to go the right way to work. _De la manière dont il s’y prend_; by the way he goes to work. _Se — d’amitié pour quelqu’un_; to take a liking to any one. _Se — de paroles avec quelqu’un_; to have high words with any one. _S’en — à_; to blame, to lay the blame on. _S’en — à quelqu’un_; to lay the blame at any one’s door. _Se — de vin_; to get tipsy. _Prenez-vous en à vous-même_; you have only yourself to thank for it. =prendre=, _v.n._, to take, to turn; to take root; to congeal, to freeze; to succeed; to burn up, to begin to burn; to curdle (of milk). _Il lui en prendra mal_; it will be the worse for him. _Il lui prit une fièvre_; he was attacked by fever. _La Seine a pris cet hiver là_; the Seine was frozen over that winter. =prendre=, _n.m._, act of taking. _Au fait et au —_; at the scratch, when it comes to the scratch. =preneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, taker; lessee; (of animals) catcher; (com.) purchaser, buyer. =preneur=, _adj.m._, catching, capturing; (nav.) that takes a prize. =prénom= (-non), _n.m._, Christian name; prenomen. =prénommé=, =-e=, _adj.part._, above-named, aforesaid. =prénommer=, _v.a._, to prenominate, to forename. =prénotion=, _n.f._, prenotion, surmise, conjecture. =préoccupation=, _n.f._, preoccupation, prepossession of the mind; thought; anxiety; prejudice. =préoccupé=, =-e=, _part._, preoccupied, absorbed; prejudiced, biased; thoughtful, anxious. =préoccuper=, _v.a._, to engross, to engage, to preoccupy the mind, to prepossess, to prejudice, to bias; to absorb, to trouble. =préopinant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, previous speaker; last speaker. =préopiner=, _v.n._, to vote before another, to express one’s opinion first. =préordination=, _n.f._, preordination. =préordonner=, _v.a._, to preordain, to predetermine. =préparant=, _adj._, (anat.) spermatic. _Vaisseaux —s_; spermatic duct. =préparateur=, _n.m._, preparer, dresser; assistant; private tutor, crammer. =préparatif=, _n.m._, preparation. _—s de guerre_, _de voyage_; war preparations, preparations for a journey. =préparation=, _n.f._, preparation. _— chimique_; chemical preparation. _Sans —_; extempore. =préparatoire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, preparative, preliminary, preparatory. =préparer=, _v.a._, to prepare, to dispose, to fit; to provide; to make ready; to dress; (agri.) to till; (fig.) to break (news) to. _— les voies à quelqu’un_; to pave the way for any one. _se_ =préparer=, _v.r._, to prepare for one’s self, to prépare one’s self, to get ready. _Se — pour un voyage_; to get ready for a journey. _Se — au combat_; to prepare for battle. _Préparez-vous à le recevoir_; prepare to meet him. _Voilà un orage qui se prépare_; there is a storm brewing. =prépondérance=, _n.f._, preponderance, sway. =prépondérant=, =-e=, _adj._, preponderant, prevailing; convincing. _Voix —e_; casting-vote. =préposé=, _n.m._, custom, _or_ excise, officer; overseer, superintendent. =préposer=, _v.a._, to set (over), to charge (with), to intrust (to); to appoint, to commit; to put forward, to set up; to depute. =prépositi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) prepositive. =préposition=, _n.f._, (gram.) preposition. =prépuce=, _n.m._, prepuce, foreskin. =prérogative=, _n.f._, prerogative, privilege; attribute. =près=, _prep._, by, near, nigh, close to, hard by, nearly; almost, about; on the point; in comparison. _S’asseoir — de quelqu’un_; to sit by any one. _Il demeure ici —_; he lives close by. _De —_; close, near; closely, intimately. _Combattre de —_; to fight hand to hand. _Suivre de —_; to follow on the heels of. _À cela —_; save that, with that exception; nevertheless, for all that. _A beaucoup —_; by a great deal, nothing near. _Tout —_; very near. _À peu —_; pretty near, nearly so, thereabouts. _À peu de chose —_; within a trifle. _Au plus —_; to the nearest place; (nav.) close to the wind. _De — et de loin_; far and nigh. =présage=, _n.m._, presage, omen, foreboding. _Un oiseau de sinistre —_; a bird of evil omen. =présager=, _v.a._, to presage, to forebode, to portend, to conjecture. _se_ =présager=, _v.r._, to be foreboded, to be presaged. =pré-salé=, _n.m._,(_—s-—s_) salt-marsh-fed (mutton). =presbyopie=, _n.f._, (opt.) presbyopy, presbyopia, far-sightedness, long sight. =presbyte=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, presbyte; far-sighted person; presbyopic; long-sighted. _Vue —_; long sight. =presbytéral=, =-e=, _adj._, priestly. _Maison —e_; parsonage, vicarage. =presbytéranisme=, _n.m._ _V._ =presbytérianisme=. =presbytère=, _n.m._, parsonage, parsonage-house, vicarage; ☉presbytery. =presbytérianisme=, _n.m._, presbyterianism. =presbytérien=, =-ne= (-ri-in, -ri-èn), _n._ and _adj._, presbyterian. =presbytie= (-ci), _n.f._, (opt.) presbyopy, far- _or_ long-sightedness, presbyopia. =prescience=, _n.f._, prescience, foreknowledge, foresight. =prescriptible=, _adj._, prescriptible. =prescription=, _n.f._, (jur.) limitation; prescription, precept. _Interruption de la —_; (jur.) bar to a limitation. _Etabli par —_; prescriptive. _Se perdre par —_; (jur.) to be lost by limitation. _—s médicales_; medical prescriptions. =prescrire=, _v.a._, to prescribe, to direct, to order, to enjoin, to set; (jur.) to bar. _— des lois_; to prescribe laws. _— un régime_; to prescribe a diet. _se_ =prescrire=, _v.r._, to prescribe to one’s self, to be prescribed; (jur.) to be lost by limitation. =prescrire=, _v.n._, to bar by limitation. =préséance= (pré-séans), _n.f._, precedence. _Avoir la — sur_; to take precedence of. =présence=, _n.f._, presence, attendance, sight, view. _Faire acte de —_; to put in an appearance. _Mettre en —_; to bring face to face. _En — de_; in presence of, in view of. _En ma —_; before me. _Deux armées en —_; two armies facing each other. _— d’esprit_; presence of mind. =présent=, _n.m._, present, present time; present, gift; (gram.) present, present tense. _Donner en —_; to give as a present. _Faire — de_; to make a present of. _Dès à —_; from this time. _À —_; at present. _Pour le —_; for the present, for the nonce. _Jusqu’à —_; till now. =présent=, =-e=, _adj._, present! here! _Être —_; to be present, to stand by. =présentable=, _adj._, presentable, fit to be seen. =présentat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, presenter (to benefices); introducer. =présentation=, _n.f._, presentation, presentment, introduction. _À —_; (com.) on presentation, on demand. _En retard de —_; (com.) overdue. =présente=, _n.f._, present letter. _pl._, (jur.) presents. =présentement= (-zant-mān), _adv._, now, at present. =présenter=, _v.a._, to present, to offer, to hold out, to show, to turn, to expose, to bring forward, to introduce. _— ses lettres de créance_; to present one’s credentials. _— les armes_; to present arms. _— une personne à une autre_; to introduce one person to another. _— à quelqu’un ses respects_; to pay one’s respects to any one. _se_ =présenter=, _v.r._, to present one’s self, to appear, to come forward, to offer one’s self, to offer itself; to occur. _Il s’est présenté à moi_; he presented himself before me. _Cet homme se présente bien_; that man has a good address. _La chose se présente bien_; the thing looks well, _or_ promises well. _Il se présenta une difficulté_; a difficulty occurred, or arose. =présenter=, _v.n._, (nav.) to stem. _— au vent_; to head to the wind. =présenteur=, _n.m._, (l.u.) presenter. =préservat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, preservative. _n.m._ and _f._, preserver. =préservati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, preservative. =préservatif=, _n.m._, preservative. =préservation=, _n.f._, preservation. =préserver=, _v.a._, to preserve, to defend, to keep. _Le ciel m’en préserve!_ heaven forbid! _se_ =préserver=, _v.r._, to preserve one’s self, to guard against, to keep off. _Se — d’une maladie_; to stall off a disease. =présidence=, _n.f._, presidency, chairmanship. =président=, _n.m._, president, chairman; presiding judge; speaker (of the House of Commons). _— d’âge_; president by seniority. =présidente=, _n.f._, lady president; president’s wife. =présider=, _v.a._, to preside, to preside (over), to be president (of), to be chairman (of). _— une réunion_; to preside over a meeting. =présider=, _v.n._, to preside, to be president _or_ chairman; to be in the chair; to direct. _— à une assemblée_; to preside over an assembly. _— à la direction d’un ouvrage_; to have the management of a work. =présides=, _n.m.pl._, Spanish penal colonies. =présompti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, presumptive, apparent, presumed (of heirs). _Héritier —_; heir-apparent. =présomption=, _n.f._, presumption, presumptuousness, self-conceit. =présomptueusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, presumptuously. =présomptueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, _n._, presumptuous, presuming, self-conceited. _Jeune —!_ presumptuous youth! =presque=, _adv._, almost, nearly, all but. _Un ouvrage — achevé_; a work nearly finished. _Je ne l’ai — pas vu_; I scarcely saw him at all. _— jamais_; hardly ever. _— plus de_; scarcely any left. _— rien_; hardly anything. =presqu’île=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) peninsula. ☉=presqu’ombre=, _n.f._ _V._ =pénombre=. =pressage=, _n.m._, pressing. =pressamment= (-sa-mān), _adv._, pressingly, earnestly, urgently. =pressant=, =-e=, _adj._, pressing, urgent, earnest, importunate, vigorous; acute (of pain). =presse=, _n.f._, press (newspapers, machine); printing-press, haste, hurry; pressure, crowd, throng; impress (forcing men into the service); press-gang; urgency; (bot.) a clingstone peach. _— à copier_; copying-machine. _— d’imprimerie_; printing-press. _— à satiner_; hot-press, cold-press. _Fendre la —_; to force one’s way through the crowd. _Cet ouvrage est sous —_; this work is in the press. _Mettre sous —_; to send to press, to go to press. _Il n’y a pas de —_; there’s no hurry. _Il n’y a pas —_; there’s no crowd. =pressé=, =-e=, _adj._, in haste, in a hurry; urgent, immediate; eager, anxious, very busy; close, serried, thick; condensed, brief, concise. _Vous êtes bien —_; you are in a great hurry. _Cela n’est pas —_; there’s no hurry for that. _Je suis très —_; I am very busy. =pressée=, _n.f._, pressful; pressing, pressure. =pressement=, _n.m._, pressing, compression. =pressément=, _adv._, (l.u.) hurriedly, hastily. =pressentiment=, _n.m._, presentiment, misgiving, foreboding. =pressentir=, _v.a._, to have a presentiment of; to foresee, to anticipate; to ascertain the intentions of; to sound. _— quelqu’un_; to sound any one. _Il faut le —_; we must sound him. _Se —_; to be foreseen. =presse-papiers=, _n.m._, (_—_) paper-weight. =presser=, _v.a._, to press, to squeeze, to clasp; to pull (trigger); to crowd, to throng; to hasten, to hurry; to urge, to be pressing with, to importune; to be hard upon; to exaggerate; to impress (sailors). _— une éponge_; to squeeze a sponge. _On pressa si fort les ennemis_; they pressed so hard upon the enemy. _— vivement un siège_; to carry on a siege vigorously. _— une entreprise_; to push an enterprise with vigor. _Il pressa son départ_; he hastened his departure. _— la détente_; to pull the trigger. _se_ =presser=, _v.r._, to press, to press close, to squeeze; to crowd; to be in a hurry, to make haste, to hurry. _Se — de faire une chose_; to make haste to do a thing. _Pressons-nous_; let us make haste. =presser=, _v.n._, to be urgent; to be acute (of pain). _Rien ne presse_, or _il n’y a rien qui presse_; there is no hurry. =presseur=, _n.m._, presser. =pressier=, _n.m._, (print.) pressman. =pression=, _n.f._, pressure, pressing. _Machine à vapeur à haute —_, _à moyenne —_, _à basse —_; steam-engine of high pressure, of mean pressure, of low pressure. =pressis=, _n.m._, (l.u.) gravy, juice. =pressoir=, _n.m._, press; press-room; wine-press, cider-press; press-house. =pressurage=, _n.m._, (of fruit) pressing. =pressurer=, _v.a._, to press (grapes or apples); to squeeze; to grind down, to oppress. _— une orange_; to squeeze an orange. _— la bourse de quelqu’un_; to drain any one’s purse. _Il ne songe qu’à vous —_; his only thought is to drain you of money. =pressureur=, _n.m._, presser (of fruit). =prestance=, _n.f._, commanding appearance, bearing, carriage, deportment; good presence. =prestant=, _n.m._, diapason (of an organ). =prestation=, _n.f._, taking (of an oath); prestation (payment in kind). =preste=, _adj._, agile, nimble, quick, smart, sharp. _C’est un homme — et habile_; he is a clever, smart fellow. =preste=, _adv._, presto, quick, sharp. =prestement=, _adv._, nimbly, quickly. =prestesse=, _adv._, agility, quickness, nimbleness. =prestidigitateur=, _n.m._, conjurer, juggler. =prestidigitation=, _n.f._, jugglery, legerdemain. =prestige=, _n.m._, enchantment, fascination; deception, illusion; magic spell; prestige. =prestigieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, enchanting, bewitching, illusive. =prestimonie=, _n.f._, (canon law) prestimony. =presto=, _adv._, (mus.) presto. =prestolet=, _n.m._, priestling. =présumable=, _adj._, presumable, supposable. =présumé=, _part._ _adj._, presumed, supposed, conjectured, reputed. =présumer=, _v.a._, to presume, to conjecture, to suppose. _— trop de quelqu’un_; to presume too much upon any one. _— trop de soi_; to be too assuming. _Il est à —_; it is to be supposed. =présupposer= (-su-pô-zé), _v.a._, to presuppose. =présupposition=, _n.m._, presupposition. =présure=, _n.f._, rennet (for curdling milk). =prêt=, _n.m._, loan; (milit.) advance-pay. =prêt=, =-e=, _adj._, ready, in readiness, prepared, willing. _Tenir —_; to keep ready. _Tenez-vous — à partir_; be ready to start. =prêtable=, _adj._, lendable. =pretantaine=, _n.f._ _Courir la —_; to gad about. =prêté=, =-e=, _part._, lent. =prêté=, _n.m._, (l.u.) thing lent. _C’est un — rendu_; it is but tit for tat. =prétendant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, claimant, candidate; suitor, wooer; pretender (to the throne). =prétendre=, _v.a._, to claim, to lay claim to, to pretend to. _Que prétendent ces misérables?_ what do these wretches lay claim to, _or_ mean? =prétendre=, _v.n._, to lay claim to; to pretend, to mean; to maintain. _Je prétends que mon droit est incontestable_; I maintain that my claim is incontestable. _Je prétends vous traiter comme mon propre fils_ (Racine); I mean (intend) to treat you as my own son. =prétendu=, =-e=, _adj._, pretended, feigned, sham, so-called; said to be, would be. _C’est un — bel esprit_; he is a would-be wit. =prétendu=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, intended, future husband, future wife. _Voilà mon —_; that is my intended. =prête-nom=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) one that lends his name to another; dummy. =pretentaine=, _n.f._ _V._ =pretantaine=. =prétentieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, assuming, pretentious, affected, stilted (of style). =prétention=, _n.f._, pretension, claim, intention, wish, expectation. _Venir à bout de ses —s_; to make good one’s claims. _Sa — est mal fondée_; his demand is groundless. _Il a des —s à l’esprit_; he thinks he is, _or_ claims to be, witty. _C’est un homme sans —s_; he is a man of no pretensions. _Se désister d’une —_; to relinquish a claim. =prêter=, _v.a._, to lend, to impart, to give rise to, to attribute, to ascribe, to father; to take (oath). _— de l’argent à intérêt_; to lend money on interest. _— secours_; to lend a helping hand. _— main-forte à quelqu’un_; to assist any one, to come to any one’s assistance. _— l’oreille_; to give ear (to), to listen. _— serment_; to take the oath. _— foi et hommage_; to take an oath of allegiance. _— le collet à quelqu’un_; to try one’s strength with any one. _— le flanc_; to expose one’s self. _— à la petite semaine_; to make short loans at a high rate of interest. _se_ =prêter=, _v.r._, to give way (to); to lend one’s self, _or_ itself (to); to indulge; to humor; to countenance, to favor. =prêter=, _v.n._, to lend; to give a hold to; to afford matter for; to stretch (of a thing). _Ce cuir-là prête comme un gant_; that leather stretches like a glove. _Donner un prêté pour un rendu_; to give a Roland for an Oliver. =prêter=, _n.m._, loan. _C’est un — à ne jamais rendre_; it is a loan never to be repaid. =prétérit= (-rit), _n.m._, (gram.) preterit. =prétérition=, _n.f._, (rhet.) preterition; pretermission. =prétermission=, _n.f._ _V._ =prétérition=. =prêteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, lender. _— sur gages_; pawnbroker. _adj._, given to lending, of a lending disposition. =préteur=, _n.m._, (antiq.) pretor, prætor. =prétexte=, _n.m._, pretext, pretense; plea. _— spécieux_; plausible pretense. _Faux —_; false pretense. _Sous — de le secourir_; under pretense of assisting him. =prétexte=, _n._ and _adj._ _f._, (Rom. antiq.) prætexta, tunic. =prétexter=, _v.a._, to pretend, to feign, to affect, to sham; to allege, to plead. =pretintaille=, _n.f._, furbelow; (fig.) accessory, appendage, incidental profit. =pretintailler=, _v.a._, to tinsel, to trim (a dress). =prétoire=, _n.m._, (antiq.) pretorium. =prétorien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, (antiq.) pretorian. =prétorien=, _n.m._, (antiq.) pretorian guard. *=prêtraille=, _n.f._, (b.s.) priesthood; parsons. =prêtre=, _n.m._, priest, clergyman; parson. _Il s’est fait —_; he has taken orders. _— habitué_; an unpaid supernumerary priest. _Grand —_; high priest. =prêtresse=, _n.f._, priestess. =prêtrise=, _n.f._, priesthood. =préture=, _n.f._, pretorship. =preuve=, _n.f._, proof, evidence, testimony, token, mark; (com.) proof-sample; proof (of spirits). _En venir à la —_; to come to the proof. _Faire — de noblesse_; to give proof of nobility; to uphold the honor of one’s house. _Il a fait ses —s_; he has given proofs of his capacity. _Faire — de courage_; to show, _or_ approve, one’s self a man of courage. _Servir de —_; to serve as a proof. _—s induites des circonstances_; (jur.) circumstantial evidence. =preux=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, valiant knight, gallant knight; worthy; gallant, doughty, valiant, stout, worthy. =prévaloir=, _v.n._, to prevail, to stand. _La faveur prévaut souvent sur le mérite_; favor frequently prevails over merit. _se_ =prévaloir=, _v.r._, to take advantage, to avail one’s self; to boast of, to pride one’s self upon; to glory in. _Se — de sa naissance_; to take advantage of, _or_ to glory in, one’s birth. =prévaricateur=, _n.m._, prevaricator; betrayer of any one’s trust. =prévaricat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, prevaricating. =prévarication=, _n.f._, prevarication; breach of trust. =prévariquer=, _v.n._, to prevaricate, to betray one’s trust. =prévenance= (pré-vnans), _n.f._, kindness, kind attention. =prévenant=, =-e=, _adj._, prepossessing; engaging; ready to oblige, attentive, obliging, kind. _Il a un air —_; he has a prepossessing look. =prévenir= (pré-vnir), _v.a._, to go before, to precede, to come before, to be beforehand with, to get the start of, to anticipate; to forestall; to prevent, to hinder; to prepossess, to prejudice; to predispose, to bias, to inform, to warn; to caution, to give notice; to let know. _— le mal_; to prevent evil. _— les objections_; to forestall objections. _— les besoins de quelqu’un_; to anticipate any one’s wants. _Il m’a fait — de son arrivée_; he sent to tell me of his arrival. _On vous en avait prévenu_; you had had information of it _or_ you had been informed of it. _se_ =prévenir=, _v.r._, to be prepossessed; to be prejudiced, to anticipate each other. _Se — en faveur de quelqu’un_; to take a liking to any one. =préventi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, preventive. =prévention=, _n.f._, prepossession, prejudice, bias; suspicion, presumption; prevention; accusation; (jur.) prosecution; (jur.) commitment. _Donner des —s contre soi_; to raise prejudices against one’s self. _Vaincre les —s de quelqu’un_; to overcome any one’s prejudices. _Etat de —_; (jur.) commitment. _Être en état de —_; (jur.) to be committed for trial. =préventivement=, _adv._, by way of prevention; (jur.) while awaiting trial, on suspicion. =prévenu=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (jur.) prisoner (before trial), the accused, the prisoner (at the bar). =prévision=, _n.f._, prevision; forecast; foreknowledge; conjecture. =prévoir=, _v.a._, to foresee; to conjecture; to expect, to anticipate, to provide (for _or_ against); to meet. _Il faut tout —_; we must provide against everything, against all eventualities. =prévôt=, _n.m._, provost; (nav.) marshal. _Grand —_, _grand — de l’armée_; (milit.) provost-marshal. _— de salle d’armes_; fencing-master’s assistant. _— des marchands_; (old) mayor of Paris. =prévôtal=, =-e=, _adj._, relating, pertaining to a provost. =prévôtalement= (-tal-mān), _adv._, by a provost-court. =prévôté=, _n.f._, provostship. =prévoyance=, _n.f._, foresight, forethought, prudence, caution. _Rien n’échappe à sa —_; nothing escapes his foresight. =prévoyant=, =-e=, _adj._, provident, prudent, careful, cautious. =priapée=, _n.f._, obscene picture; obscene poem. =priapisme=, _n.m._, (med.) priapism. =prié=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, person invited, guest. =prie-dieu=, _n.m._, (_—_) praying-desk; devotion-chair; faldstool. =prier=, _v.a._ and _n._, to pray; to entreat, to beseech, to call upon, to beg (of), to implore, to supplicate, to request; to invite, to bid. _— quelqu’un d’une grâce_; to request a favor of any one. _Il m’a prié de l’accompagner_; he begged of me to accompany him. _On m’a prié de le faire_; I have been requested to do it. _Je vous en prie_; I beg of you. _— à dîner_; to invite to dinner. _— de dîner_; to press any one to stay to dinner. _Se faire —_ or _aimer à se faire —_; to require pressing. =prière=, _n.f._, prayer, suit, request, entreaty, desire, invitation; petition. _Instante —_; earnest prayer. _Faire une — à quelqu’un_; to make a request to any one. _Être en —_; to be at prayers. _Faire une chose à la — de quelqu’un_; to do a thing at any one’s request, at any one’s entreaty. _Dire ses —s_, _faire sa —_, _faire ses —s_; to say one’s prayers. _— de faire renvoyer la lettre!_ will you kindly send back the letter! =prieur=, _n.m._, prior (superior of a convent). =prieure=, _n.f._, prioress. =prieuré=, _n.m._, priory. =prima donna=, _n.f._, (_prime donne_) the chief singer (in an opera). =primage=, _n.m._, (com.) primage (allowance paid to the captain of a ship). =primaire=, _adj._, primary. _Ecole —_; elementary school. =primat=, _n.m._, primate, metropolitan. =primatial=, =-e= (-ci-al), _adj._, primatial, primatical. =primatie= (-ma-cî), _n.f._, primacy, primateship. =primauté=, _n.f._, primacy, supremacy, priority; preeminence; the lead (at cards, dice). _Gagner quelqu’un de —_; to anticipate any one, to be beforehand with any one. =prime=, _adj._, (alg.) accented. _b’_, _b —_; b’, b accented. =prime=, _n.f._, premium, bounty; bonus, prize; (c.rel.) prime (first canonical hour succeeding lauds); (fenc.) prime; primero (card game); (com.) prime wool; (jewelry) pebble; (exchange language) agio; (customs) drawback. _A —_; at a premium. _Réponse des —s_; (com.) option. _de_ =prime abord=, _adv._, at first. _de_ =prime face=, _adv._, at first, _prima facie_. =primer=, _v.n._, to play first, to lead (at play); to take the lead, to beat, to override, to excel, to surpass; to go before everything. _Il prime en tout_; he excels in everything. _Les affaires priment tout_; business before everything else. =primer=, _v.a._, to surpass, to excel; to go before everything; to give a prize (at an agricultural show). _Il prime tous les autres_; he excels all the others. =de prime-saut=, _adv._, suddenly; off-hand, spontaneously; all at once, at the first effort. =prime-sauti-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, quick (of thought), ready-witted; impulsive, off-handed; thoughtless, inconsiderate, heedless. _Les Français ont, en général, l’esprit —_; the French are, in general, ready-witted. =primeur=, _n.f._, first of the season (of vegetables, fruit, flowers, wine); early fruit; early vegetables; early flower; early sentiment, first love; freshness, bloom; earliest communication. _Les fruits sont chers dans la —_; fruit is dear in the early part of the season, fruit is dear when it first comes in. _Certains vins ne sont pas bons dans la —_; certain wines are not good when they are new. _Servir à table un plat de —s_; to serve up a dish of early vegetables. _Je vous en donnerai la —_; you will be the first to get the news. =primevère=, _n.f._, primrose, cowslip, oxlip. =primicériat=, _n.m._, dignity, office of primicerius, dean (in some churches). =primicier=, _n.m._, local dean. =primidi=, _n.m._, Primidi (first day of the decade in the calendar of the first French republic). =primipare=, _adj._, primiparous. =primiti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, primitive, primeval, primogenial, original; native, aboriginal; (gram.) primitive, original. =primitif=, _n.m._, (gram.) primitive. =primitivement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, primitively, originally. =primitivité=, _n.f._, primitiveness. =primo=, _adv._, firstly, first, in the first place. =primogéniture=, _n.f._, primogeniture. =primordial=, =-e=, _adj._, primordial. =primordialement= (-al-mān), _adv._, primordially. =primulacées=, _n.f.pl._, (bot.) primulaceæ. =prince=, _n.m._, prince. _— royal_; crown prince. _Être bon —_; (fam.) to be a good fellow (easy-going, good-natured). _Vivre en —_; to live like a prince. _Dîner de —_; princely dinner. =princeps= (-sèps), _adj. invariable_, (print.) earliest, first, original (edition). =princerie= (prin-srî), _n.f._, (local) deanery. =princesse=, _n.f._, princess. _Oui, ma —_; (fam.) yes, my charmer. =princi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, princely, like a prince. =princier=, _n.m._, primicerius, first dignitary. _V._ =primicier=. =principal=, =-e=, _adj._, principal, chief, main; leading, capital, senior, superior; (astron.) primary. =principal=, _n.m._, principal, chief thing, principal point, chief point, material point; principal, capital (money); principal, head-master; (jur.) principal cause of action. _Pour vous, le — est que vous ayez soin de votre santé_; the main thing for you is to take care of your health. _Payer le — et l’intérêt_; to pay both principal and interest. =principalat=, _n.m._, head-mastership, principalship. =principalement= (-pal-mān), _adv._, principally, chiefly. ☉=principalité=, _n.f._ _V._ =principalat=. =principat=, _n.m._, princedom. =principauté=, _n.f._, principality, princedom. =principe=, _n.m._, beginning, source, outset, origin, motive, cause, principle. _pl._, principles, rudiments. _Dès le —_; from the very origin. _Etablir_, _poser_, _un —_; to establish, to lay down, a principle. _Partir d’un —_; to start from a principle. _Homme sans —s_; unprincipled man. _L’amour-propre est le — de presque toutes nos actions_; self-love is the motive of almost all our actions. =principion=, =principule=, _n.m._, petty prince, princelet. =printani-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, spring, spring-like, vernal; youthful; early. _Fleurs —ères_; spring-flowers; cowslips. _Etoffes —ères_; spring materials, _or_ stuffs; spring goods. _Potage —_; spring-soup (with early vegetables). =printemps= (-tān), _n.m._, spring, spring-time; prime, bloom. _Le — de la vie_; the morning of life. _Dans le — de sa vie_; in the prime of one’s days. _Au — de ses jours_; in the bloom of one’s youth. _à_ =priori=, _adv._, à priori (_i.e._ from what precedes). =priorité=, _n.f._, priority. =pris=, =-e=, _part._, taken, caught, seized, congealed, curdled, frozen, frozen over; stuffed up (of the nose). _Homme bien — dans sa taille_; well-set man. _Cet homme est — de vin_; that man is the worse for liquor. _La rivière a — dans la nuit_; the river was frozen over in the night. _— dans les glaces_; ice-bound. =prisable=, _adj._, estimable, valuable. =prise=, _n.f._, taking, capture; prize; hold, handle, purchase; quarrel; dose; pinch. _pl._, fighting, close quarters. _La — d’une ville_; the taking of a town. _— de possession_; taking possession. _— de possession d’un bénéfice_; induction to a living. _— d’habit_; (c.rel.) taking the habit, _or_ the veil. _Décret de — de corps_; writ of arrest. _Part de —_; prize-money. _Amariner une —_; to man a prize. _Être de bonne —_; to be a lawful prize. _Lâcher —_; to let go one’s hold. _Donner — à la critique_; to lay one’s self open to criticism, to expose one’s self to criticism, to afford matter for criticism. _Donner — sur soi à son ennemi_; to give one’s enemy a hold over one. _— de tabac_; pinch of snuff. _En venir aux —s_; to grapple with one another, to come to blows. _Les deux chiens sont aux —s_; the two dogs are fighting. _Être aux —s avec la mauvaise fortune_; to be struggling with, _or_ against, adversity. _Être aux —s avec la mort_; to be on the point of death, _or_ at death’s door; to be in great danger. _Mettre aux —s_; to set (together) by the ears. =prisée=, _n.f._, estimate, appraisement, valuation. _Faire la — de_; to make an estimate of. =priser=, _v.a._, to prize, to rate, to value, to set a high price on, to appraise, to estimate; to esteem, to have an esteem for. _se_ =priser=, _v.r._, to be valued, to be esteemed; to set a high value on one’s self. =priser=, _v.a._ and _n._, to take snuff. =priseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, snuff-taker. =priseur=, _adj._, who appraises. _Commissaire —_; appraiser, auctioneer. _Expert — assermenté_; sworn appraiser. =prismatique=, _adj._, prismatic. =prisme=, _n.m._, prism. =prismoïde=, _n.m._ and _adj._, prismoid; prismoidal. =prison=, _n.f._, prison, gaol, jail; imprisonment, confinement. _S’échapper de —_; to break out of prison. _— d’état_; state prison. _Être dans la — de saint Crépin_; to wear shoes which pinch. _Envoyer en —_; to send to prison. =prisonni-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, prisoner. _— d’état_; state-prisoner. =privati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) privative; (jur.) in severalty. =privation=, _n.f._, privation, deprivation, want, need, bereavement, loss; hardship. _Vivre de —s_; to lead a life of privation. _Être dans la —_; to be in want. _La — de la vue_; the loss of sight. =privativement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, exclusively. =privauté=, _n.f._, extreme familiarity, liberty. _Prendre des —s_; to take liberties. =privé=, =-e=, _part._, deprived. _Corps — de vie_; lifeless body. _Homme — de sa raison_; man deprived of his reason. =privé=, =-e=, _adj._, private; tame (animal); privy, intimate, free. _Vie —e_; private life. _De son autorité —e_; of one’s own authority. ☉=privément=, _adv._, familiarly, intimately. =priver=, _v.a._, to deprive, to debar; to bereave; to tame (animal). _— quelqu’un de ses biens_; to deprive any one of his property. _Je ne veux pas vous — de cela_; I won’t rob you of that. _se_ =priver=, _v.r._, to deprive, _or_ debar, one’s self; to stint, _or_ deny, one’s self; to abstain (from). =privilège=, _n.m._, privilege, exemption, immunity; grant, favor; (jur.) preference; (thea.) license; franchise, prerogative, right. _Accorder un — à_; to grant a privilege to; to license (printers). _Priver de ses —s_; to deprive any one of his privileges; to disfranchise. _Atteinte portée aux —s_; breach of privilege. _Les —s de la noblesse_; the privileges of the nobility. =privilégié=, =-e=, _adj._, privileged, exempt; (thea.) licensed; (jur.) entitled to preference (of creditors); (of shares) preference, preferential. _Lieu —_; privileged place. _C’est un être —_; he is a privileged, _or_ favored, being. =privilégié=, _n.m._, privileged person. =privilégier=, _v.a._, to grant a privilege, to privilege, to license. =prix=, _n.m._, price, cost, value, worth, terms; return, premium; estimation; reward; prize. _— fait_; settled price. _Mettre un — à_; to set a price upon. _— excessif_; extravagant price. _Juste —_; moderate price. _— de fabrique_; manufacturer’s price. _Une chose de —_; a thing of great value. _Hors de —_; extravagantly dear. _De —_; precious, valuable. _Une chose qui n’a point de —_; a thing that is invaluable, beyond all price. _Vendre à tout —_; to sell at any price, at any cost. _Mettre la tête d’un homme à —_; to set a price upon a man’s head. _— fixe_; (com.) net price, no abatement. _À tout — or à quelque — que ce soit_; cost what it will. _La vertu trouve son — en elle-même_; virtue is its own reward. _Remporter le —_; to carry off the prize. _Au — de_; at the cost of, in comparison with. _À vil —_; under price, dirt-cheap. _— courant_; (com.) current price, market price. _— coûtant_; cost price. _À — d’argent_; for money. _N’avoir pas de —_; to be invaluable, _or_ priceless; also, to be valueless. =probabilisme=, _n.m._, probabilism. =probabilité=, _n.f._, probability, likelihood. =probable=, _adj._, probable, likely, credible. _Cela est bien peu —_; that is anything but probable. =probablement=, _adv._, probably, likely. =probante=, _adj.f._, probatory (of documents); convincing, conclusive (arguments). _En forme —_; in an authentic form. _Raison —_; convincing reason. =probation=, _n.f._, probation. =probatique=, _adj._, only used in _piscine —_ (the reservoir near the Temple in which Hebrew Priests washed the animals that were to be sacrificed). ☉=probatoire=, _adj._, probatory. =probe=, _adj._, honest, upright; of probity. _Homme —_; man of probity. =probité=, _n.f._, probity, honesty, integrity, uprightness. _— éprouvée_; tried probity. =problématique=, _adj._, problematical. =problématiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, problematically. =problème=, _n.m._, problem, question. _Poser un —_; to state a problem. _Résoudre un —_; to solve a problem. _C’est un —_; it is a question. =proboscide=, _n.f._, (natural hist., her.) proboscis. =proboscidiens=, _n.m.pl._, (zoöl.) proboscidians, proboscideæ. =procédé=, _n.m._, behavior, proceeding, way of acting; dealing, conduct; (billiards) cue-tip; process, operation. _pl._, delicate, gentlemanly manners, fair dealings. _Je n’aime pas ces —s_; I don’t like that way of acting, I dislike those manners. _Manquer aux —s_; to behave in an unhandsome manner. _C’est un homme à —s_; he is a gentlemanly man, _or_ a man of fair dealings. _— chimique_; chemical process. =procéder=, _v.n._, to proceed, to go on; to come from; to arise (from), to originate (in); to behave, to conduct one’s self; (jur.) to proceed. _— criminellement contre quelqu’un_; to proceed (criminally) against any one. _Cela procède bien_; that is going on very well. =procédure=, _n.f._, (jur.) proceedings; practice, procedure, process. =procès=, _n.m._, lawsuit, suit, action, trial, process. _Être en —_; to be at law. _Intenter un —_, _faire un —_, _à quelqu’un_; to bring an action against any one, to institute proceedings against any one. _Gagner son —_; to gain one’s suit, _or_ case. _Perdre son —_; to lose one’s case. _Faire le — à quelqu’un_; to try any one, to bring any one to trial; to call any one to account, to find fault with, to censure. _Sans autre forme de —_; without more ado, without further formality. =processi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, litigious. =procession=, _n.f._, procession. =processionnal=, _n.m._, (c.rel.) processional. =processionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, processional. =processionnellement= (-nèl-mān), _adv._, in procession. =procès-verbal=, _n.m._, (_—-verbaux_) (authentic written minute, _or_ report, of an official act _or_ proceeding); proceedings, official report, information against; (parl.) journal, minute of proceedings. =prochain=, =-e=, _adj._, near, nearest, next, approaching, near at hand, nigh, approximate, proximate; (com.) proximo. _Village —_; neighboring village. _Le mois —_; next month. _La semaine —e_; next week. _Son départ est —_; his departure is nigh at hand, _or_ imminent. _Fin —e_; approaching end. _Fin —_; (com.) at the end of next month. =prochain=, _n.m._, neighbor, fellow-creature. =prochainement= (-shé-n-mān), _adv._, in a short time, shortly, soon. =prochaineté=, _n.f._, nearness, proximity. =proche=, _adj._, near, next, near at hand, neighboring, nigh, approaching. _La ville la plus —_; the nearest town. _— parent_; near relation. =proche=, _prep._, near, nigh. =proche=, _adv._, near, nigh. _De — en —_; from place to place; gradually, one after another. _Le choléra s’étendit rapidement de — en —_; the cholera spread rapidly from place to place. =proches=, _n.m.pl._, near relations, near relatives; relations, relatives, kinsmen, kin, kindred. =prochronisme=, _n.m._, prochronism. =procidence=, _n.f._, (med.) prolapsus. =proclamateur=, _n.m._, proclaimer, proclaiming. =proclamation=, _n.f._, proclamation. =proclamer=, _v.a._, to proclaim, to cry out, to give out, to announce, to trumpet forth; to publish, to declare. =proclitique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (gram.) unaccented word; unaccented. =proclive=, _adj._, inclined. =proclivité=, _n.f._, proclivity. =procombant=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) procumbent. =proconsul=, _n.m._, (Roman hist.) proconsul. =proconsulaire=, _adj._, (Roman hist.) proconsular. =proconsulat=, _n.m._, (Roman hist.) proconsulship. =procréateur=, _adj._, procreative, procreating. =procréation=, _n.f._, procreation. =procréer=, _v.a._, to procreate, to beget. =procurateur=, _n.m._, procurator, proxy. =procuratie= (-ci), _n.f._, procuracy (at Venice); procurator’s palace. =procuration=, _n.f._, procuration, power of attorney, letter of attorney, warrant of attorney; proxy (deed). =procuratrice=, _n.f._ _V._ =procureur=. =procurer=, _v.a._, to procure, to obtain, to help to, to get. _— une charge à quelqu’un_; to procure, to obtain, to get, a post for any one. _se_ =procurer=, _v.r._, to procure, to obtain, to get for one’s self; to be procured, to be obtained, to be procurable. _Se — de l’argent_; to obtain money. _Ce poisson se procure très-difficilement_; this sort of fish is hard to get. =procur-eur=, _n.m._, =-atrice=, _n.f._, proxy. _Agir par —_; to act by proxy. =procureur=, _n.m._, ☉solicitor, attorney, procurator. ☉_— fiscal_; (feudalism) lord’s attorney; purveyor (of monastic orders). _— général_; Attorney General. _— du roi_, _— impérial_, _— de la république_; public prosecutor. =procureuse=, _n.f._, procuress; bawd. =prodigalement= (-gal-mān), _adv._, prodigally, extravagantly, lavishly, profusely. =prodigalité=, _n.f._, prodigality, profusion, extravagance, lavishness. =prodige=, _n.m._, prodigy, wonder, marvel. =prodigieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, prodigiously, wonderfully, wondrously, marvelously; stupendously. =prodigieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, prodigious, wondrous, wonderful, marvelous; vast, stupendous. =prodigue=, _adj._, prodigal, profuse, lavish, wasteful. _L’enfant —_; the prodigal son. =prodigue=, _n.m.f._, prodigal, spendthrift, squanderer. =prodiguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to lavish, to waste, to squander away, to be prodigal of, to be lavish of, to throw away. _— sa vie_; to expose one’s life. _se_ =prodiguer=, _v.r._, to be lavished, to be thrown away; to expose one’s self. =prodrome=, _n.m._, introduction, preface; (med.) premonitory symptoms. =product-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, productive, producing. =producteur=, _n.m._, (polit. econ.) producer. =productibilité=, _n.f._, producibleness. =productible=, _adj._, producible. =producti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, productive. =production=, _n.f._, act of producing, production; (jur.) exhibition (of deeds); (jur.) deeds exhibited; (anat.) process, growth. =productivement=, _adv._, productively. =productivité=, _n.f._, productiveness. =produire= (produisant, produit), _v.a._, to produce, to bring forth; to bear, to yield, to be worth; to be productive of, to be the cause of; to breed, to generate, to show, to exhibit, to adduce; to make known. _— des titres_; to show title-deeds. _— des témoins_; to bring forward witnesses. _Cette charge produit dix mille francs par an_; this office, _or_ post, is worth four hundred a year. _La guerre produit de grands maux_; war is productive of, _or_ begets, great evils. _— un jeune homme dans le monde_; to introduce a young man into society; to bring out, _or_ make known, a young man. _se_ =produire=, _v.r._, to introduce one’s self, to put one’s self forward, to make one’s way; to be produced, _or_ brought forth; to occur, to happen, to manifest itself. =produire=, _v.n._, (jur.) to deliver particulars, to show title-deeds. =produit=, _n.m._, produce, product, yield; production, exhibit; (arith., geom.) product, proceeds. _Il vit du — de sa terre_; he lives on the produce of his land. _—s agricoles_; agricultural produce. _— chimique_; chemical product. _— net_; (com.) net proceeds. =proême=, _n.m._, proem, preface, prelude, introduction. =proéminence=, _n.f._, prominence, protuberance, projection. =proéminent=, =-e=, _adj._, prominent, protuberant. =profanateur=, _n.m._, profaner. =profanation=, _n.f._, profanation. =profane=, _adj._, profane, secular, unworthy. =profane=, _n.m.f._, profane person, unlearned person; outsider, black sheep; the vulgar herd. =profaner=, _v.a._, to profane, to defile, to pollute; to desecrate. _C’est — le talent que de faire cela_; it is a profanation of talent to do that. =proférer=, _v.a._, to utter, to speak; to pronounce. _Se —_; to be uttered. =prof-ès=, =-esse=, _n._ and _adj._, professed friar; professed nun; professed. =professer=, _v.a._, to profess, to make a profession of; to exercise, to practice, to teach, to be a professor of, to lecture on. _— le plus grand respect pour quelqu’un_; to profess the greatest respect for any one. _— une science_; to teach a science. _— un métier_; to practise a trade, to exercise a calling. =professer=, _v.a._ and _n._, to be a professor, to be a lecturer; to lecture, to teach. =professeur=, _n.m._, professor; teacher; lecturer; practicer (of an art or calling). _Chaire de —_; professorship. _— en droit_; professor of law. =profession=, _n.f._, profession, declaration; profession (occupation), calling; trade, business. _Il fait — de bel esprit_; he sets up for a wit. _De quelle — est-il?_ what is his profession? _Dévot de —_; professed bigot. =professionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, professional. _ex_ =professo=, _adv._, ex professo; thoroughly; in a professional manner. =professoral=, =-e=, _adj._, professorial. =professorat=, _n.m._, professorship, lectureship; teaching. =profil=, _n.m._, profile, side face; side-view; section, outline; (drawing) section. _Un visage de —_; a face in profile. =profiler=, _v.a._, to profile; to represent in profile, to show in profile. _Se —_; to appear in profile; to stand out. =profit=, _n.m._, profit, gain, emolument, benefit, utility; improvement, progress; use. _Au — de_; for the benefit of, for the use of, in support of, in aid of. _— net_; clear profit. _Il ne m’en revient aucun —_; I get nothing by it. _Mettre tout à —_; to turn everything to the best advantage; to turn everything to account. _Faire son — de_; to make a profit by; to make the best of, to avail one’s self of. _Tirer du — de_; to profit by. _—s éventuels_; perquisites. =profitable=, _adj._, profitable; advantageous. =profiter=, _v.n._, to profit, to gain; to benefit, to avail one’s self; to improve. _— sur des marchandises_; to profit by goods. _Faire — son argent_; to lay out one’s money advantageously. _— des bons avis_; to profit by good advice. _— de l’occasion_; to avail one’s self of, to improve, the opportunity. _Les biens mal acquis ne profitent point_; ill gotten goods never go far, _or_ never serve. _— en sagesse_; to improve in wisdom. _C’est un terrain où rien ne profite_; it is a soil where nothing thrives. =profond=, =-e=, _adj._, deep, profound; wide, vast, extensive; sound; downright, consummate; heavy (of sighs); dark (of the night). _Un — sommeil_; a sound sleep. _—e révérence_; low bow, low courtesy. _Science —e_; profound learning. _Puits —_; deep well. _Un savant —_; a profound scholar. _Un — penseur_; a profound thinker. _Un — scélérat_; a consummate villain. _Nuit —e_; dark night, pitch dark. =profond=, _n.m._, depth, abyss. =profondément=, _adv._, deep, deeply, profoundly, widely, greatly, soundly, fast. _Saluer —_; to bow low. _Dormir —_; to sleep soundly. =profondeur=, _n.f._, depth; profoundness, profundity; penetration; extent. =profus=, =-e=, _adj._, profuse. =profusément=, _adv._, profusely. =profusion=, _n.f._, profusion, profuseness. _Donner avec —_; to give profusely, lavishly. _À —_; in profusion. ☉=progéniture=, _n.f._, (jest.) progeny, offspring. =prognathe=, _adj._, (ethnology) prognathous. =prognathisme=, _n.m._, (ethnology) the being prognathous. =prognostic=, _n.m._ _V._ =pronostic=. =prognostique=, _adj._, (med.) prognostic. =programme=, _n.m._, programme, bill, list, syllabus. _— de spectacle_; play-bill. =progrès=, _n.m._, progress; course, advancement, improvement, proficiency, furtherance, rise. _— d’une maladie_; progress of a disease. _Il a fait de grands —s_; he has greatly improved, he has made great progress. =progresser=, _v.n._, to progress, to improve. =progressi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, progressive. =progression=, _n.f._, progression. =progressiste=, _n.m._, progressist, liberal, radical. =progressivement= (-siv-mān), _adv._, progressively, by degrees. =prohiber=, _v.a._, to forbid, to interdict, to prohibit. =prohibiti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, prohibitive, prohibitory. =prohibition=, _n.f._, prohibition, interdiction. =prohibitionniste=, _n.m._, (com.) prohibitionist. =proie=, _n.f._, prey, prize, booty. _Oiseaux de —_; birds of prey. _Être en — à la douleur_; to be a prey to grief. _Être ardent à la —_; to be eager after booty. _Partager la —_; to divide the spoil. _Être en — à ses valets_; to be pilfered by one’s own servants. =projectile=, _n.m._ and _adj._, projectile. =projection=, _n.f._, projection. =projecture=, _n.f._, (arch.) projecture, projection. =projet=, _n.m._, project, scheme, design, plan, contemplation, idea, first sketch; rough draft. _Former_, or _concevoir_, _un —_; to form, _or_ to contrive, a scheme. _Homme à —s_; schemer. =projeter= (proj-té), _v.a._, to project, to plan, to contrive, to scheme; to contemplate, to intend; to project, to throw out, to cast forward; to project, to delineate. _— d’aller à la campagne_; to contemplate going into the country. _La terre projette son ombre_; the earth throws forward its shadow. _se_ =projeter=, _v.r._, to project, to jut out, to shoot out, to be prominent, to stand out. =projeter=, _v.n._, to form projects. =projeteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, projector, person full of projects; schemer. =prolapsus=, _n.m._, (med.) prolapsus, prolapse. _— de la luette_; prolapse of the uvula. =prolégomènes=, _n.m.pl._, prolegomena (prefatory matter). =prolepse=, _n.f._, (rhet.) prolepsis. =proleptique=, _adj._, (med.) proleptic, proleptical. =prolétaire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, proletary; proletarian. =prolétariat=, _n.m._, proletariat, pauperism. =prolifère=, _adj._, (bot.) proliferous. =prolifique=, _adj._, prolific. =prolixe=, _adj._, prolix, tedious, diffuse, verbose. =prolixement=, _adv._, prolixly, diffusely. =prolixité=, _n.f._, prolixity, diffuseness. =prologue= (-log), _n.m._, prologue. =prolongation=, _n.f._, prolongation, protraction, delay. =prolonge=, _n.f._, (artil.) binding rope, lashing; (artil.) small ammunition-wagon. =prolongement= (-lonj-mān), _n.m._, prolongation, continuation, extension. =prolonger=, _v.a._, to prolong, to lengthen, to continue, to extend, to protract, to lengthen out, to draw out; (geom.) to produce; (nav.) to bring alongside; to sail along. _— un trève_; to prolong a truce. _— un quai_; to prolong a quay. _— le temps_; to spin out the time. _— le terme d’un payement_; to extend the time for payment. _se_ =prolonger=, _v.r._, to be prolonged; to extend, to be continued. _Les débats se sont prolongés fort avant dans la nuit_; the debate was continued far into the night. =promenade= (pro-mnad), _n.f._, walking, walk; airing; walk, promenade (place); ambulatory, drive, excursion, pleasure-trip. _— à pied_; walk. _— à cheval_; ride (on horseback). _— en voiture_; drive, airing. _— en bateau_; row, sail. _Faire une —_; to take a walk, to go for a walk. _Faire une — en voiture_; to take a drive, to go for a drive. _La — est belle aujourd’hui_; it is beautiful weather for a walk. _C’était une vraie —_; it was a real pleasure-trip. _se_ =promener= (pro-mné), _v.r._, to walk, to take a walk, to go for a walk, to promenade; to wander, to ramble. _Se — à cheval_; to ride, to take a ride, to go out riding. _Se — en voiture_; to take a drive, to drive out. _Se — sur l’eau_; to go on the water; to go for a row; to go for a sail. _Du haut de Montmartre la vue se promène sur toute la ville de Paris_; from the top of Montmartre the eye wanders over all the city of Paris. _Envoyer quelqu’un se —_; to send any one packing, _or_ about his business. _Qu’il aille se —_; let him go to Bath. _Allez vous —_; go about your business. _En se promenant_; slowly; leisurely. =promener=, _v.a._, to take out for a walk, to take out walking; to take, to take out, for an airing, for a drive; to take, to take out, for a ride; to take out (animal); to turn (one’s eyes, looks); to run one’s eyes over; to scan, to survey; to lead about, to take about. _— sa vue sur une assemblée_; to survey an assembly. _— quelqu’un_; to bandy any one about. =promeneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, walker, pedestrian; rider, person taking a ride; person taking a drive; (fig.) humbug. =promenoir=, _n.m._, walk, place for walking; covered walk _or_ gallery. =promesse=, _n.f._, promise, word; promissory note, note of hand. _Tenir sa —_; to keep one’s promise. _Satisfaire à sa —_; to be as good as one’s word. _Vendre avec — de garantir_; to warrant the quality of one’s goods. =promettant=, _n.m._, (jur.) promisor, obligor. =prometteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, promiser. =promettre=, _v.a._, to promise, to forebode. _Il m’a promis de venir_; he promised me that he would come. _— et tenir sont deux_; it is one thing to promise, another to perform. _Voilà un temps qui promet un orage_; this weather forebodes a storm. _se_ =promettre=, _v.r._, to promise one’s self; to purpose, to resolve, to intend; to expect, to hope, to promise each other; to be promised. =promettre=, _v.n._, to promise, to be promising, to bid fair. _Ce jeune homme promet beaucoup_; that is a very promising young man. =prominence=, _n.f._, prominence. =prominent=, =-e=, _adj._, prominent. =prominer=, _v.n._, to rise above; to be prominent. =promis=, =-e=, _part._, promised, intended, engaged. _La terre —e_; the promised land. _Chose —e, chose due_; promises should be kept. _Un —_, _n._, an intended, a lover. =promiscuité=, _n.f._, promiscuousness. =promission=, _n.f._, (Bib.) promise. _La terre de —_; the land of promise. =promontoire=, _n.m._, (geog.) promontory, headland. =promoteur=, _n.m._, promoter. _adj._, promoting, inducing. =promotion=, _n.f._, promotion, preferment. =promouvoir=, _v.a._, to promote, to prefer, to raise, to advance. =prompt=, =-e= (prōn, prōnt), _adj._, prompt, quick, active, ready; sudden, speedy, swift; hasty, passionate. _—e réponse_; quick answer. _Il a la repartie —e_; he is quick at repartee. _Il est — à servir ses amis_; he is ever ready to serve his friends. _Avoir l’esprit —_; to have a quick understanding, to be very sharp. =promptement= (prōn-tmān), _adv._, promptly, quickly, readily, suddenly, speedily, swiftly; hastily, passionately. =promptitude= (prōn-ti-tud), _n.f._, promptitude, speed, speediness; quickness, readiness, suddenness, swiftness; hastiness, passion. =promulgation=, _n.f._, promulgation. =promulguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to promulgate. _Se —_; to be promulgated. =pronaos=, _n.m._, (_—_) (arch., antiq.) pronaos. =pronateur=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, (anat.) pronator. =pronation=, _n.f._, (anat.) pronation. =prône=, _n.m._, (c.rel.) sermon (after or before mass); lecture, rebuke, sermon. =prôner=, _v.a._, to cry up, to extol, to preach up, to commend, to praise, to set forth; to preach to, to lecture, to sermonize; (l.u.) to preach. =prôner=, _v.n._, to lecture, to remonstrate. =prôneur=, _n.m._, (l.u.) preacher. =prôneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, puffer, trumpeter; lecturer, preacher, rebuker. =pronom= (-non), _n.m._, (gram.) pronoun. =pronominal=, =-e=, _adj._, pronominal. =pronominalement= (-nal-mān), _adv._, (gram.) pronominally. =prononçable=, _adj._, pronounceable. =prononcé=, _n.m._, (jur.) judgment delivered, sentence, decree. =prononcé=, =-e=, _adj._, pronounced, decided, decisive, marked; (paint., sculpt.) prominent. _Les muscles en sont bien —s_; the muscles are very prominent. _Caractère —_; decided character. _Goût —_; decided taste. _Fortement —_; strongly marked. =prononcer=, _v.a._, to pronounce, to articulate, to utter, to say, to speak, to give utterance to; to give; to deliver; to make; to declare; (jur.) to find, to give in; (paint.) to delineate strongly, to bring out, to give prominence to. _— un discours_; to deliver a discourse, to make a speech. _— une sentence_; (jur.) to pass sentence. _se_ =prononcer=, _v.r._, to pronounce one’s self, to declare one’s self, to speak out, to express one’s sentiments; to show one’s self, to manifest one’s self; to be pronounced; to be marked; to become evident. =prononcer=, _v.n._, to pronounce; to declare one’s sentiment, to decide with authority. =prononciation=, _n.f._, pronunciation; utterance, delivering, delivery. _— d’une sentence_; passing sentence. _— nette_, _distincte_; clear, distinct pronunciation. _— vicieuse_, _locale_; vicious, local pronunciation. _Il a la — belle_; he has a fine utterance, _or_ delivery. =pronostic=, _n.m._, prognostic, prognostication; (med.) prognostic, prognosis. =pronostiquer=, _v.a._, to prognosticate. =pronostiqueur=, _n.m._, prognosticator. =propagande=, _n.f._, propaganda. =propagandiste=, _n.m._, propagandist. =propagateur=, _n.m._, propagator, spreader. _adj._, propagating, spreading. =propagation=, _n.f._, propagation, spread, spreading, diffusion. _La — d’une maladie_; the spread of a disease. _La — des connaissances_; the diffusion of knowledge. =propager=, _v.a._, to propagate, to spread, to spread abroad, to diffuse. _se_ =propager=, _v.r._, to be propagated, to be diffused, to be spread abroad; to propagate, to spread. =propension=, _n.f._, propensity, tendency, inclination, bent, disposition. =prophète=, _n.m._, prophet, seer. _Personne n’est — dans son pays_; no man is a prophet in his own country. =prophétesse=, _n.f._, prophetess. =prophétie= (-cî), _n.f._, prophecy, prophesying. =prophétique=, _adj._, prophetic, prophetical. =prophétiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, prophetically. =prophétiser=, _v.a._, to prophesy, to foretell. =prophylactique=, _adj._, (med.) prophylactical, prophylactic. =prophylactique= _or_ =prophylaxie=, _n.f._, (med.) the science of prophylactic medicine. =propice=, _adj._, propitious, favorable, kind. _Le ciel soit — à ses vœux_; heaven favor his wishes. _Rendre —_; to render propitious, to propitiate. =propitiation=, _n.f._, propitiation. =propitiatoire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, propitiatory, mercy-seat; propitiatory. =propitier=, _v.a._, to propitiate. =propolis= (-lis), _n.f._, propolis. =proportion=, _n.f._, proportion, relation, ratio, due share; suitableness. _— gardée_; in proportion. _À —_; proportionable, proportional, proportionably, proportionately, proportionally. _A de —_; in proportion to. =proportionnalité=, _n.f._, proportionality, proportionateness. =proportionné=, =-e=, _adj._, proportioned; suited. =proportionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, proportional. =proportionnelle=, _n.f._, (math.) proportional. =proportionnellement=, (-nèl-mān), _adv._, proportionably, proportionately. =proportionnément=, _adv._, proportionally, proportionately, in proportion to. =proportionner=, _v.a._, to proportion, to adjust, to fit, to accommodate, to adapt, _or_ to adjust; to suit. _— sa dépense à son revenu_; to suit one’s expenditure to one’s revenue, to cut one’s cloth according to one’s measure. _se_ =proportionner=, _v.r._, to be proportioned; to proportion one’s self, to suit one’s self. =propos=, _n.m._, discourse, talk, words; purpose, resolution, design. _pl._, idle remarks, tittle-tattle, talk. _Changeons de —_; let us talk of something else. _— de table_; table-talk. _— interrompu_; desultory talk. _Je me moque des —_; what do I care for people’s tattle! _Jeter des — d’accommodement_; to hint at reconciliation. _À —_, _adj._, seasonable, proper, fit, to the purpose. _À —_, _adv._, seasonably, opportunely, pertinently, by the way, talking of that, now I come to think of it. _Venir fort à —_; to come in the nick of time. _Elle fait chaque chose à —_; she does everything at the proper time. _Mal à —_; ill-timed, unseasonable, unseasonably. _Hors de —_; unseasonably; not to the purpose, impertinent, impertinently. _À —, j’ai oublié de vous dire l’autre jour_; now I think of it, I forgot to tell you the other day. _Il s’est fâché à — de rien_; he got angry for nothing at all. _Il est venu me quereller à — de bottes_; he came to quarrel with me for no earthly reason. _À quel —?_ what about? _À — de quoi?_ for what reason? why? _À tout —_; at every turn, ever and anon. _À — de_; with respect to. _À —_, _n._, fitness, expediency, appositeness, pertinence; design. _L’à — fait le mérite_; seasonableness gives everything its price. _De — delibéré_; of set purpose. _Juger à —_; to think proper. _Il est à — de_; it is expedient to. =proposable=, _adj._, that can be proposed, proposable. =proposant=, _n.m._, (French protestant) student in divinity. =proposant=, _adj.m._, (c.rel.) proposing. =proposer=, _v.a._, to propose, to offer, to propound, to move, to make a motion; to designate, to set up, to state, to move. _— un sujet à traiter_; to propose a subject for writing upon. _— une question_; to propound a question. _— quelqu’un pour exemple_; to set up anybody as a pattern. _se_ =proposer=, _v.r._, to propose one’s self, to offer one’s self; to be proposed, to be offered; to propose, to purpose, to intend, to have in view. =proposer=, _v.n._, to propose. _L’homme propose et Dieu dispose_; man proposes and God disposes. =proposeur=, _n.m._, proposer, propounder. =proposition=, _n.f._, proposition; motion; proposal, offer. _Pain de —_; show-bread _or_ shew-bread. _Faire des —s à quelqu’un_; to make proposals to any one. =propre=, _adj._, own; very, same, self-same, very same; adapted, appropriate, calculated, fit, fitted; qualified, proper, suitable; clean; neat, tidy; nice; accurate, right, correct. _C’est son — fils_; it is his own son. _En main —_; in one’s own hands. _Amour-—_, (_—s-—s_) self-love, conceit. _Nom —_; proper name. _Ce sont ses —s paroles_; they are his very words. _Termes —s_; proper, _or_ correct, expressions. _Il est — à tout_; he is fit for anything. _Le mot —_; the proper _or_ right word. _Il est toujours fort —_; he is always very neat. _Avoir une écriture —_; to write a neat hand. =propre=, _n.m._, characteristic, attribute; peculiar quality, property, part; (gram.) proper sense, literal sense; (jur.) real estate, real property; (c.rel.) particular prayers. _Le — des oiseaux est de voler_; it is in the nature of birds to fly. _Avoir en —_; to own. _N’avoir rien en —_; to have no property. _Posséder en —_; to possess in one’s own right. _Le — et le figuré_; the literal and figurative sense. _Prendre un mot au —_; to use a word in its literal sense. _C’est du —!_ what a dirty action! what a nasty thing! =proprement=, _adv._, properly, correctly, rightly; literally; cleanly; neatly, tidily. _— dit_; properly called, properly so called. _À — parler_; properly speaking. _S’habiller —_; to dress neatly. =propret=, =-te=, _adj._, spruce, neat, tidy, natty. =propreté=, _n.f._, cleanness, cleanliness; spruceness, neatness, niceness. =propréteur=, _n.m._, (Roman hist.) propretor. =propriétaire=, _n.m.f._, owner; proprietor; proprietress; landlord; landlady; freeholder, esquire, man of independent means. _Nu —_; (jur.) owner without the usufruct of his property. =propriété=, _n.f._, property; ownership; estate; peculiar quality, essential faculty; propriety, correctness (of words, terms). _pl._, lands, estates. _— littéraire_; copyright. _Nue —_; (jur.) property without the usufruct of it, reversionary interest. _Doter quelqu’un d’une —_; to settle an estate upon any one. _Violer la —_; to trespass. =propulser=, _v.a._, to propel. =propulseur=, _n.m._, (tech.) propeller. _— à hélice_; screw-propeller. =propulsion=, _n.f._, propulsion. =propylée=, _n.m.pl._, (arch.) propylæum. =prorata=, _n.m._, proportion. _Au — de_; pro rata, in proportion. =prorogati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, prorogative. =prorogation=, _n.f._, prolongation; adjournment; prorogation (of parliament). =proroger=, _v.a._, to prolong time, to protract, to adjourn, to delay; to prorogue (parliament). =prosaïque=, _adj._, prosaic, prosy; dull, tedious, matter of fact. =prosaïquement=, _adv._, prosaically, dully, unpoetically, tediously, coldly. =prosaïser=, _v.n._, to write prose, to vulgarize. =prosaïsme=, _n.m._, prosaism; (fig.) prosiness, dullness, monotony, vulgarity. _Le — de la vie_; the monotony of life. =prosateur=, _n.m._, prose-writer, prosaist. =proscénium= (-sé-ni-om), _n.m._, (antiq.) proscenium. =proscripteur=, _n.m._, proscriber, banisher. =proscription=, _n.f._, proscription, outlawry. =proscrire=, _v.a._, (proscrivant, proscrit), to proscribe, to outlaw; to expel, to banish; to taboo. _Se —_; to be proscribed, to proscribe each other. =proscrit=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, proscribed person, exile, outlaw, refugee, outcast. _Figure de —_; disagreeable face, displeasing face. =prose=, _n.f._, prose; (c.rel.) prose. _Mettre en —_; to turn into prose. =prosecteur=, _n.m._, (anat.) prosector. =prosélyte=, _n.m.f._, proselyte. =prosélytisme=, _n.m._, proselytism. =prosodie=, _n.f._, (gram.) prosody. =prosodique=, _adj._, prosodial, prosodical. =prosopopée=, _n.f._, (rhet.) prosopopœia. =prospectus= (-tus), _n.m._, prospectus; hand-bill. =prospère=, _adj._, prosperous, thriving; propitious, favorable. =prospérer=, _v.n._, to prosper, to be prosperous, to be successful, to thrive, to speed. =prospérité=, _n.f._, prosperity, success, well-being. _Quel visage de —!_ what a happy, cheerful face! how well you look! =prostate=, _n.f._, (anat.) prostate, prostate gland. =prostatique=, _adj._, (anat.) prostatic. =prosternation=, _n.f._, prostration, obeisance. =prosternement=, _n.m._, prostration. =prosterner=, _v.a._, to prostrate. _se_ =prosterner=, _v.r._, to prostrate one’s self, to fall down, to bow one’s head; to bow low. =prosthèse=, _n.f._, (gram.) prosthesis; (surg. l.u.) prosthesis. _V._ =prothèse=. =prostituée=, _n.f._, prostitute. =prostituer=, _v.a._, to prostitute. _se_ =prostituer=, _v.r._, to prostitute one’s self. =prostitution=, _n.f._, prostitution. =prostration=, _n.f._, prostration. =prostyle=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (arch.) prostyle. =protagoniste=, _n.m._, (theat.) principal character, protagonist. =protase=, _n.f._, protasis. =protatique=, _adj._, protatic. =prote=, _n.m._, (print.) overseer; (iron.) reader. =protect-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, protector, protectress, patron, patroness, patronizer, fosterer; protective, patronizing, fostering. _Société —rice des animaux_; society for the prevention of cruelty to animals. =protection=, _n.f._, protection, defense; support, patronage, influence, favor, countenance; (nav.) shelter, cover. =protectionniste=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (com.) protectionist. =protectorat=, _n.m._, protectorate, protectorship. =protée=, _n.m._, Proteus. =protégé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, favorite, dependant; protégé; protégée. =protéger=, _v.a._, to protect, to defend, to shield, to shelter; to patronize, to countenance, to favor. _— contre le mal_; to shield from harm. =protestant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Protestant. =protestantisme=, _n.m._, Protestantism. =protestation=, _n.f._, protestation, protest. _— d’amitié_; profession of friendship. _Faire insérer une — dans le procès-verbal_; to enter a protest. =protester=, _v.a._, to protest; to vow. _Je vous le proteste sur mon honneur_; I swear to you on my honor. _— une lettre de change_; to protest a bill of exchange. _Se —_; to be protested. =protester=, _v.n._, to protest. _— de nullité_; to protest against the validity of a deed. =protêt=, _n.m._, (com.) protest. _— faute de payement_; protest for non-payment. _Faire signifier un —_; to give notice of a protest. =prothèse=, _n.f._, (surg.) prothesis. _— dentaire_; setting of artificial teeth. =proto=, a prefix from Gr. πρῶτος. =protocarbure=, _n.m._, (chem.) carburet. =protochlorure=, _n.m._, (chem.) protochloride. =protocole=, _n.m._, protocol; formulary, preamble. =protonotaire=, _n.m._, protonotary. =prototype=, _n.m._, prototype, model. =protoxyde=, _n.m._, (chem.) protoxide. =protubérance=, _n.f._, (anat.) protuberance. =protubérant=, _adj._, protuberant. =protuteur=, _n.m._, (jur.) person acting as guardian. ☉=prou=, _adv._, enough, much. _Ni peu ni —_; neither little nor much. _Peu ou —_; little or much. =proue=, _n.f._, (nav. and poetic) prow, stem. =prouesse=, _n.f._, prowess, valor; performance; (iron.) feat of valor. =prouvable=, _adj._, provable. =prouver=, _v.a._, to prove, to show; to make good, to substantiate; to be a proof of, to give proof of, to verify. =provéditeur=, _n.m._, (Ital.) proveditore. =provenance= (pro-vnāns), _n.f._, (com.) production, origin, source, growth; produce, goods. _En —_; proceeding, coming (from). =provenant=, =-e= (pro-vnan, -t), _adj._, proceeding, accruing, arising. =provençal=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Provençal. =provende=, _n.f._, (l.u.) provision; (agri.) provender, provisions, victuals. =provenir= (pro-vnir), _v.n._, to spring, to accrue, to issue, to proceed, to result (from); to come, to arise (from). =proverbe=, _n.m._, proverb, saying. _Devenir —_, _passer en —_; to become a proverb, to become proverbial. =proverbial=, =-e=, _adj._, proverbial. =proverbialement= (-al-mān), _adv._, proverbially. =providence=, _n.f._, Providence (of God). =providentiel=, =-le=, _adj._, providential. *=provignement=, _n.m._, layering of vines; (of words) pruning (Ronsard). *=provigner=, _v.a._, to layer vines. *=provigner=, _v.n._, (agri.) to increase; ☉to multiply, to increase. =provin=, _n.m._, layer (of a vine). =province=, _n.f._, province, shire, county. _Les gens de —_; country people. _En —_; in the country, in the provinces. _Il a encore l’air de —_; he has still a countrified air. =provincial=, _n.m._, provincial, country person; superior of a monastic fraternity. =provincial=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, provincial, country, country-like. _Manières —es_; country manners. =provincialat=, _n.m._, provincialship (of convents). =provincialisme=, _n.m._, (gram.) provincialism. =proviseur=, _n.m._, head-master, principal of a (government) college. =provision=, _n.f._, provision, stock, store, supply; (fam.) hoard; (com.) stock on hand; provisional maintenance. _Par —_; provisionally, in the mean time. _Faire ses —s_; to provide one’s self with necessaries. _Faire sa — de bois_, _de charbon_; to take in, to lay in, one’s stock of wood, of coal, of fuel. _—s de bouche_; provisions. _—s de guerre_; ammunition. _Aller à la —_; to go marketing. _Faire — de_; to get in a supply of. _Faire la — d’une lettre de change_; (com.) to provide for a bill of exchange. =provisionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, provisional. =provisionnellement= (-nèl-mān), _adv._, provisionally. =provisoire=, _n.m._, provisional state. =provisoire=, _adj._, provisional, temporary. =provisoirement= (-zoar-mān), _adv._, provisionally, temporarily; in the mean time. =provisorat=, _n.m._, head-mastership, principalship. =provocant=, _adj._, provoking, provocative; exciting, defiant, instigating. =provocat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, provoker; instigator, abettor, aggressor; provoking, instigating, abetting. _Agent —_; hired plotter, hireling. =provocation=, _n.f._, provocation, instigation. _— en duel_; challenge to fight. =provoquer=, _v.a._, to provoke, to incense, to call forth, to promote; to instigate; to challenge. _— des applaudissements_; to call forth applause. _— en duel_; to challenge. _— au sommeil_; to invite to sleep. =proxénète=, _n.m._, (com.) ☉broker; pimp, pander; go-between. =proximité=, _n.f._, proximity, nearness, near relationship. _Le théâtre est à sa —_; the theater is in his neighborhood. _Il y a — de sang entre vous et moi_; you and I are nearly related by the ties of blood. _À — de_; within a short distance of, in the neighborhood of. =proyer=, _n.m._, (orni.) common bunting. =prrr!= _int._, not I! not a bit of it! don’t you wish you may get it! whistle for it! =prude=, _n.f._ and _adj._, prude; prudish. =prudemment= (-da-mān), _adv._, prudently, discreetly, wisely, cautiously. =prudence=, _n.f._, prudence; discretion. =prudent=, =-e=, _adj._, prudent, cautions, discreet. =pruderie= (pru-drî), _n.f._, prudery. ☉=prud’homie=, _n.f._, uprightness, integrity, probity; (com.) trade-arbitration. =prud’homme=, _n.m._, skillful _or_ able person (in an art or trade); expert; ☉upright, honest man. _Conseil des —s_; council of experts. =pruine=, _n.f._, bloom (of fruits). =pruiné=, _adj._, covered with bloom (of fruits). =prune=, _n.f._, plum. _— de Brignoles_; prunello. _— de Monsieur_; Orleans plum. _— sauvage_; skeg. _— de mirabelle_; mirabelle plum. _— de reine-Claude_; greengage. _— de Damas_; damson. _Couleur —_; violet color. _Ce n’est pas pour des —s_; (fig.) it is not for nothing. =pruneau=, _n.m._, prune, dried plum; French plum. =prunelaie= (pru-n-lè), _n.f._, plum-orchard. =prunelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) sloe, bullace; (woolen stuff) prunella, prunello; (anat.) pupil, apple (of the eye), eye-ball. _Jouer de la —_; to cast sheep’s eyes, to ogle, to leer. =prunellier=, _n.m._, (bot.) sloe-tree, bullace-tree. =prunier=, _n.m._, (bot.) plum-tree. =prurigineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) pruriginous. =prurit=, _n.m._, (med.) prurience, pruriency, pruritus, itching. =prusse=, _n.f._ _Pour le roi de —_; to no purpose, in vain, for nothing. =prussiate=, _n.m._, (chem.) prussiate. =prussien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _n._ and _adj._, Prussian. =prussique=, _adj._, (chem.) prussic. _Acide —_; prussic acid. =prytane=, _n.m._, (Grec. antiq.) prytanis. _pl._, prytanes. =prytanée=, _n.m._, (Grec. antiq.) prytaneum. =p.s.=, initial letters of _postscriptum_, P.S., postscript. =psalmiste=, _n.m._, psalmist. =psalmodie=, _n.f._, psalmody; sing-song. =psalmodier=, _v.n._ and _a._, to recite, to chant, psalms; to read, to recite in a sing-song manner. =psaltérion=, _n.m._, (mus.) psaltery. =psammite=, _n.m._, (min.) psammite, graywacke or greywacke. =psaume=, _n.m._, psalm. =psautier= (-tié), _n.m._, psalter, psalm-book; (c.rel.) chaplet of 150 beads; nun’s veil. =pseudo=, a prefix from Gr. ψεῦδος. =pseudonyme=, _adj._, pseudonymous; under an assumed name. _n.m._, pseudonym, nom de plume; alias. =psora= _or_ =psore=, _n.f._, (med.) psora, itch. =psorique=, _adj._, (med.) psoric, itchy. =psyché=, _n.f._, (myth.) Psyche; Psyche-glass, cheval-glass. =psychique=, _adj._, psychical. =psychologie= (-ko-), _n.f._, psychology. =psychologique= (-ko-), _adj._, psychologic, psychological. =psychologiste= _or_ =psychologue= (-ko-), _n.m._, psychologist. =psylle=, _n.m._, snake-charmer. =ptérodactyle=, _n.m._, (foss.) pterodactyl. =ptyalisme=, _n.m._, (med.) ptyalism. =puamment= (pu-a-mān), _adv._, stinkingly; grossly, impudently; (fig., fam.) impudently, in a barefaced manner. =puant=, _-e_, _adj._, stinking; impudent, barefaced. _Devenir —_; to begin to stink. _Mensonge —_; impudent lie. _— menteur_; impudent liar. =puant=, _n.m._, (pop.) stinkard. =puanteur=, _n.f._, stink, stench, offensive smell. =pubère=, _adj._, pubescent, of puberty. =puberté=, _n.f._, puberty. =pubescence=, _n.f._, (bot.) pubescence, down. =pubescent=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) pubescent, downy. =pubien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, (anat.) pubic. =pubis=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (anat.) of pubis; pubic. _Os —_; os pubis, pubic bone, share-bone; pubes. =publi-c=, =-que=, _adj._, public; notorious. _Rendre —_; to make public, to publish; (of women) on the town, loose, fast. _La chose —que_; the common weal. _La partie —que_; the crown, the public prosecutor. =public=, _n.m._, public. _En —_; publicly. =publicain=, _n.m._, (Rom. antiq.) publican; (fig.) extortioner. =publicateur=, _n.m._, (jur.) publisher. =publication=, _n.f._, publication; publishing, proclamation. =publiciste=, _n.m._, publicist. =publicité=, _n.f._, publicity, notoriety; advertising, advertisements. =publier=, _v.a._, to publish, to make public, to proclaim, to celebrate, to trumpet forth, to bring out, to issue. _— quelque chose sur les toits_; to proclaim anything from the house-tops, to trumpet forth anything. _— une ordonnance_; to issue an ordonnance. =publiquement= (-blik-mān), _adv._, publicly, in public. =puce=, _n.f._, (ent.) flea. _Herbe aux —s_; flea-bane, fleawort. _— d’eau_; water-beetle. _— de mer_; psyllus marinus. _— de terre_; earth-puceron. _Avoir la — à l’oreille_; to have a flea in one’s ear, to be uneasy, anxious. _Mettre à quelqu’un la — à l’oreille_; to give any one cause for uneasiness. =puce=, _adj._, puce, puce-colored. =puceau=, _n.m._, chaste youth; (iron.) spoony, simpleton. =pucelage= (pu-slaj), _n.m._, (l.ex.) maidenhead, virginity; (mol.) cowry; (bot.) periwinkle. =pucelle=, _n.f._, (fam.) maid, maiden, virgin; (ich.) shad. _La — d’Orléans_; the maid of Orleans (Joan of Arc). =puceron= (pu-sron), _n.m._, (ent.) plant-louse; green-fly. =puddlage=, _n.m._, (metal.) puddling. =puddler= (-dlé), _v.a._, (metal.) to puddle. =puddleur=, _n.m._, (metal.) puddler. =pudeur=, _n.f._, bashfulness, shame; modesty, decency; discretion, reserve. _— virginale_; virgin bashfulness. =pudibond=, =-e=, _adj._, bashful, modest. =pudicité=, _n.f._, modesty, pudicity, chastity. =pudique=, _adj._, chaste, modest, bashful. =pudiquement= (-dik-mān), _adv._, chastely, purely. =puer=, _v.n._ and _a._, to stink, to have an offensive smell; to smell of; to stink of; to be full of conceit. _Il pue le vin_; he stinks, _or_ smells, very strong of wine. =puéril=, =-e=, _adj._, juvenile, boyish; puerile, childish. =puérilement= (-ril-mān), _adv._, puerilely, childishly. =puérilité=, _n.f._, puerility, childishness. =puerpéral=, =-e=, _adj._, puerperal. =puff= (puf, peuf), _n.m._, exaggerated statement, puff. _Faire le —_; to puff. =puffin=, _n.m._, (orni.) puffin. =pugilat=, _n.m._, pugilism, boxing. =pugiliste=, _n.m._, pugilist, boxer. =puine=, _n.m._, (forestry) wood of little value. _V._ _mort-bois_ under =bois=. =puîné=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, younger brother; younger sister; younger. =puis=, _adv._, then, afterwards, after that, next, besides. _Et —_; and besides, and then. _Et —?_ what then? what next? well? =puisage=, _n.m._, drawing water, drawing up. =puisard=, _n.m._, cesspool; sink; dip-well; (mining) sump, water-sump. =puisatier=, _n.m._, well-sinker. =puiser=, _v.a._, to draw, to fetch up, to take, to borrow; to imbibe; to let in. _— de l’eau à la rivière_; to draw water out of the river. _— à la source_; to go to the fountain-head. _— des opinions_; to imbibe opinions. =puiser=, _v.n._, to draw, to borrow, to take; (nav.) to make water. _C’est un auteur qui puise partout_; he is an author who borrows from all quarters. =puisque=, _conj._, since, seeing, seeing that, inasmuch as. =puissamment= (-sa-mān), _adv._, powerfully, forcibly, potently; extremely, very. _Il est — riche_; he is exceedingly rich. =puissance=, _n.f._, power; dominion, sway, empire; ability, force; faculty; influence; influential man; virtue, quality, property; (mining) thickness (of layers or lodes); (mec.) power; horse-power. _Toute-—_, (_n.p._) omnipotence, almighty power. _Haute —_; high-mightiness (title). _Cette femme est en — de mari_; that woman is under the control of her husband. _Soumettre à sa —_; to bring under one’s dominion. _Traiter de — à —_; to treat on equal terms. _— motrice_; moving power. _Les grandes —s_; the great powers. =puissant=, =-e=, _adj._, powerful, potent, mighty; forcible, strong, lusty, stout, corpulent; wealthy, rich. _— prince_; mighty prince. _Famille —e_; influential family. _Le Tout-—_, (_n.p._) the Almighty. _Il est tout-— auprès de lui_; he can get him to do anything. =puits= (puî), _n.m._, well, hole for water; pit, shaft; well-hole (of staircases); (nav.) well-room. _— commun_; public well. _— à pompe_; pump-well. _— à roue_; _— à poulie_; draw-well. _— artésien_; artesian well. _— perdu_; drain-well, blind-well. _— de mine_; shaft of a mine. _— d’aérage_; air-shaft. _— d’abondance_; (fig.) an inexhaustible mine. _C’est un — de science_; he is extremely learned; he is a walking dictionary, a living encyclopædia. _La vérité est au fond d’un —_; truth lies at the bottom of a well (_i.e._, has to be sought out). =pullulation=, _n.f._, rapid increase, swarming. =pulluler= (pul-lu-), _v.n._, to increase, to multiply, to pullulate, to swarm. =pulmonaire=, _adj._, (anat., med.) pulmonary. _Phthisie —_; pulmonary disease, consumption. =pulmonaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) pulmonaria, pulmonary. _Grande —_; lungwort; sage of Jerusalem, Jerusalem cowslip. _— des Français_; golden lungwort. _— de chêne_; liverwort. =pulmonie=, _n.f._ _V._ =pneumonie=. =pulmonique=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, consumptive. =pulpation=, _n.f._, (pharm.) reducing to pulp, pulpation. =pulpe=, _n.f._, pulp; pap. _— cérébrale_; (anat.) cerebral substance. =pulper=, _v.a._, (pharm.) to reduce to pulp. =pulpeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (bot.) pulpous, pulpy. =pulsati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) pulsative, pulsatory. *=pulsatille=, _n.f._, (bot.) pasque-flower, pulsatilla. =pulsation=, _n.f._, beating of the pulse, pulsation; (phys.) pulse. =pulvérat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, (zoöl.) pulverulent. =pulvérescence=, _n.f._, pulverulence. =pulvérescent=, =-e=, _adj._, pulverulent. =pulvérin=, _n.m._, priming powder; priming powder-horn; mist, spray (from waterfalls). =pulvérisable=, _adj._, pulverizable. =pulvérisateur=, _n.m._, pulverizer. _adj._, pulverizing. =pulvérisation=, _n.f._, pulverization. =pulvériser=, _v.a._, to reduce to powder, to grind to dust, to pulverize; to annihilate; to reduce to atoms. =pulvérulent=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) pulverulent; easy to reduce into powder. =puma=, _n.m._, puma, cougar (American lion). =pumicin=, _n.m._, palm-oil. =punais=, =-e=, _adj._, affected with ozæna. =punaise=, _n.f._, bug; (ent.) bug; B-flat. _Couvain de —s_; nest of bugs. =punaisie=, _n.f._, ozæna. =punch= (ponsh), _n.m._, punch (beverage). _Offrir un — a quelqu’un_; to entertain any one. =punique=, _adj._, punic. =punir=, _v.a._, to punish, to chastise, to avenge. _Puni de mort_; punished with death. =punissable=, _adj._, punishable. =punisseur=, _n.m._ and _adj._, avenger, punisher; avenging, punishing. =punition=, _n.f._, punishment. _Par —_; as a punishment. =pupillaire= (-pil-lèr), _adj._, pupillary. =pupillarité= (-pil-la-), _n.f._, (jur., l.u.) nonage, minority. =pupille=, _n.m.f._, ward, pupil (under a guardian). =pupille=, _n.f._, pupil, apple of the eye. =pupitre=, _n.m._, desk, writing-desk; reading-desk. =pur=, =-e=, _adj._, pure, genuine, unadulterated; unspotted, innocent, chaste, spotless; clean, clear, unmingled, unalloyed; mere, sheer, downright, neat (of liquor). _Une lumière —e_; a clear light. _Un ciel —_; a clear, cloudless sky. _Être en état de —e nature_; to be stark naked. _Du vin —_; wine without water, pure wine. Obligation _—e et simple_; unconditional, unqualified, absolute obligation. _C’est la —e vérité_; it is the plain, unvarnished truth. _Par —e bonté_; out of sheer kindness. _— e sottise_; downright nonsense. _Ce fruit est du poison tout —_; that fruit is downright poison. _Félicité —e_; unalloyed happiness. _Une réputation —e_; an untarnished reputation. _Une gloire —e_; unsullied glory. _Un trait —_, _un dessin —_; (drawing) a clean stroke, a clean drawing. _À — et à plein_; unreservedly, entirely. _En —e perte_; in vain, to no purpose. =pureau=, _n.m._, part uncovered (of slates, tiles). =purée=, _n.f._, thick soup; pea-soup; mashed potatoes. =purement= (pur-mān), _adv._, purely, genuinely, merely, only; innocently. _— et simplement_; unconditionally; merely. =pureté= (pur-té), _n.f._, pureness, purity, gentleness, innocence; chastity. =purgati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, purgative, purging. =purgatif=, _n.m._, purgative. =purgation=, _n.f._, purgative, purge. =purgatoire=, _n.m._, purgatory. =purge=, _n.f._, ☉purge, cleansing. _— d’hypothèques_; (jur.) paying off of a mortgage. =purger=, _v.a._, to purge, to purge away; to cleanse, to purify, to clear, to refine. _— un malade_; to purge a sick person. _— son bien de dettes_; to clear one’s estate of mortgages. _se_ =purger=, _v.r._, to purge one’s self, to purify one’s self. =purifiant=, =-e=, _adj._, purifying, cleansing. =purificateur=, _n.m._, purificator. =purification=, _n.f._, purification. =purificatoire=, _n.m._, (c.rel.) purificatory. =purifier=, _v.a._, to purify, to cleanse; to refine; to try (metal). _— le langage_; to refine the language. _se_ =purifier=, _v.r._, to purify one’s self, to purify, to refine. =puriforme=, _adj._, (med.) puriform. =purin=, _n.m._, (agri.) liquid manure. =purisme=, _n.m._, purism. =puriste=, _n.m._, purist. =puritain=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Puritan. =puritanisme=, _n.m._, Puritanism. =purpurin=, =-e=, _adj._, purplish. =purpurine=, _n.f._, purple, bronze. =purulence=, _n.f._, purulence, purulency. =purulent=, =-e=, _adj._, purulent. =pus=, _n.m._, (med.) pus, matter. =pusillanime= (-zil-la-), _adj._, pusillanimous, faint-hearted, chicken-hearted, cowardly. =pusillanimité= (-zil-la-), _n.f._, pusillanimity, faint-heartedness, cowardice. =pustule=, _n.f._, pustule, pimple, blotch, blain; (bot.) blister. =pustulé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) blistered. =pustuleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, pustulous. =putain=, _n.f._, (l.ex.) street-walker, prostitute, strumpet. =putasserie=, _n.f._, whoredom; whoring, wenching. =putassier=, _n.m._, (l.ex.) one who frequents prostitutes, whoremonger. =putati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, putative, reputed, supposed. =putativement=, _adv._, reputedly, putatively. =putois=, _n.m._, polecat. =putréfaction=, _n.m._, putrefaction. =putréfait=, =-e=, _adj._, (l.u.) putrefied. =putréfié=, =-e=, _part._, putrefied. =putréfier=, _v.a._, to putrefy. _se_ =putréfier=, _v.r._, to putrefy. =putrescible=, _adj._, putrefiable. =putride=, _adj._, (med.) putrid. =putridité=, _n.f._, putridity. =pygargue=, _n.m._, erne, sea-eagle. =pygmée=, _n.m._, pygmy, dwarf. =pylône=, _n.m._, (antiq., arch.) porch (of Egyptian temples). =pylore=, _n.m._, (anat.) pylorus. =pyloride=, _n.f._, bivalve shell. =pylorique=, _adj._, (anat.) pyloric. =pyracanthe=, _n.f._, (bot.) pyracanth. =pyrale=, _n.f._, (ent.) pyralis. =pyramidal=, =-e=, _adj._, pyramidal, pyramidic, pyramidical. =pyramidalement= (-dal-mān), _adv._, pyramidally, pyramidically. =pyramide=, _n.f._, pyramid. =pyramider=, _v.n._, to rise like a pyramid; to tower, to taper. =pyrée=, _n.m._, fire-altar. =pyrèthre=, _n.m._, (bot.) Spanish camomile, feverfew. =pyrétologie=, _n.m._, pyretology. =pyriforme=, _adj._ _V._ =piriforme=. =pyrique=, _adj._, pyrotechnic, pyrotechnical. =pyrite=, _n.f._, (min.) pyrites. =pyriteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (min.) pyritic, pyritical. =pyrolâtrie=, _n.f._, the worship of fire, pyrolatry. *=pyroligneux=, _adj._, pyrolignous. =pyrologie=, _n.f._, pyrology. =pyromancie=, _n.f._, pyromancy. =pyromètre=, _n.m._, pyrometer. =pyrophore=, _n.m._, pyrophorus. =pyroscaphe=, _n.m._, (nav.) steamer, steamboat. =pyrosis=, _n.f._, (med.) pyrosis, water brash. =pyrotechnie= (-tèk-), _n.f._, pyrotechnics, pyrotechny. =pyrotechnique= (-tèk-), _adj._, pyrotechnic, pyrotechnical. =pyroxène=, _n.m._, (min.) pyroxene. =pyrrhique=, _adj._, Pyrrhic. =pyrrhique=, _n.m._, (poet.) Pyrrhic. =pyrrhique=, _n.f._, (antiq.) Pyrrhic (dance). =pyrrhonien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _n._ and _adj._, Pyrrhonist, Pyrrhonean; Pyrrhonic. =pyrrhonisme=, _n.m._, Pyrrhonism. =pythagoricien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _n._ and _adj._, Pythagorean; Pythagoric, Pythagorical. =pythagorique=, _adj._, Pythagoric, Pythagorical. =pythagorisme=, _n.m._, Pythagorism. =pythie=, _n.f._, (antiq.) the Pythia (priestess of Apollo). =pythien= (-tiin), _adj._, Pythian. =pythique=, _adj._, Pythian. =pythiques=, _n.f.pl._, Pindarus’ odes. =python=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) python, rock-snake. =pythonisse=, _n.f._, (antiq.) pythoness; witch. Q =q=, _n.m._, the seventeenth letter of the alphabet, q. =qu’=, contraction of Que. =quacre=, _n.m._ _V._ =quaker=. =quadernes= (kooa-dèrn), _n.m.pl._, two fours (backgammon). =quadragénaire= (kooa-), _n._ and _adj._, person forty years old; of forty years of age; of forty. =quadragésimal=, =-e= (kooa-), _adj._, quadragesimal. =quadragésime= (kooa-), _n.f._, Quadragesima (Sunday). =quadrangle= (kooa-), _n.m._, quadrangle. =quadrangulaire= (kooa-), _adj._, quadrangular, four-cornered. =quadrangulé=, =-e= (kooa-), _adj._, quadrangular. ☉=quadrat=, _adj._, (astrolog.) quadrate. _— aspect_; quartile. _V._ =quadrature=. =quadrat=, _n.m._, (print.) quadrat. _V._ =cadrat=. =quadrateur=, _n.m._, squarer of the circle. =quadratin=, _n.m._, (print.) M quadrat. _Demi-—_; (print.) N quadrat. _V._ =cadratin=. =quadratique= (kooa-), _adj._, quadratic. =quadratoriste=, _n.m._, fresco-painter. =quadratrice= (kooa-), _n.f._, (geom.) quadratrix. =quadrature= (kooa-), _n.f._, (astron., geom.) quadrature; (astrolog.) quartile; (paint.) fresco-painting. =quadrature=, _n.f._, (horl.) movement, dial-work. _V._ =cadrature=. =quadriailé=, _adj._, four-winged. =quadricapsulaire= (kooa-), _adj._, (bot.) quadricapsular. =quadricorne= (kooa-), _adj._, quadricornous. =quadridenté=, =-e= (kooa-), _adj._, (bot.) quadridentate. =quadriennal=. _V._ =quatriennal=. =quadrifide= (kooa-), _adj._, (bot.) quadrifid, four-cleft. =quadrige= (kooa-), _n.m._, (antiq.) quadriga. =quadrijumeaux= (kooa-), _adj.m.pl._, (anat.) quadrigemina. _Tubercules —_; corpora quadrigemina. =quadrilatéral=, _adj._, quadrilateral. =quadrilatère= (kooa-), _n.m._, (geom.) quadrilateral. *=quadrillage=, _n.m._, pavement of square stones, flags. *=quadrille=, _n.f._, troop of horse (in a tournament). =quadrille=, _n.m._, (card game, mus., dancing) quadrille; check, square, lozenge. =quadrillé=, _adj._, (of cloths) checkered, plaid; (of paper) ruled both ways, in squares. =quadrillion= (kooa-), _n.m._, a thousand billions. =quadrilobé=, =-e= (kooa-), _adj._, (bot.) quadrilobate. =quadriloculaire= (kooa-), _adj._, (bot.) quadrilocular. =quadrinôme= (kooa-), _n.m._, (alg.) quadrinomial. =quadriparti=, =-e= (kooa-), _adj._, (bot.) quadripartite. =quadripartition= (kooa-), _n.f._, (l.u.) quadripartition. =quadriphylle= (kooa-), _adj._, (bot.) quadriphyllous. =quadrirème= (kooa-), _n.m._, quadrireme. =quadrisyllabe= (kooa-dri-sil-lab), _n.m._, quadrisyllable. =quadrivalve= (kooa-), _adj._, (bot.) quadrivalve, quadrivalvular. =quadrumane= (kooa-), _n.m._ and _adj._, (mam.) quadruman; quadrumanous. =quadrupède= (kooa-), _n.m._ and _adj._, quadruped; four-footed; quadruped. =quadruple= (kooa-), _n.m._ and _adj._, quadruple, fourfold; (Spanish coin) doubloon. =quadruple=, _n.f._, Spanish gold coin worth 85 francs, about $16.50. =quadrupler= (kooa-), _v.a._, to quadruple, to quadruplicate; to increase fourfold. =quadrupler=, _v.n._, to be quadrupled; to increase fourfold. =quai=, _n.m._, quay, wharf. _Droit de —_; wharfage. =quaiage=, _n.m._ _V._ =quayage=. =quaiche=, _n.f._, (nav.) ketch. =quaker= _or_ =quacre= (kooa-kr), _n.m._, quaker. =quakeresse= (kooa-kres), _n.f._, quakeress. =quakérisme= (kooa-), _n.m._, quakerism. =qualifiable=, _adj._, that can be called, named, styled, described, termed. =qualificateur=, _n.m._, (c.rel.) qualificator. =qualificati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) qualifying. =qualificatif=, _n.m._, (gram.) qualificative. =qualification=, _n.f._, title, name; character, nature, qualification. =qualifié=, =-e=, _part._, qualified, called, named. _Vol —_; robbery with aggravated circumstances. =qualifier=, _v.a._, to qualify, to call; to entitle, to style, to name. _— quelqu’un de fourbe_; to call any one a knave. _se_ =qualifier=, _v.r._, to call one’s self, to style one’s self. =qualité=, _n.f._, quality; property; qualification, accomplishment; title, rank. _Il n’a pas les —s requises pour ce poste_; he is not qualified to fill that position. _En — de_; in the capacity of, in the character of, as. _Avoir — pour_; to be qualified to. _Avoir de la —_; to be of good quality. =quand=, _adv._, when, whenever, what time, what period; while, whilst. _Depuis —?_ since when? _Depuis — est-il arrivé?_ since when has he arrived, _or_ how long has he been here? _Jusqu’à —?_ or _jusques à —?_ how long? till when? =quand=, _conj._, though, although. _— même_; though, although, even if. _— même elle voudrait_; even if she were willing. _— même_; in spite of everything; through thick and thin; at any price. _— bien même_; even though. _— je le disais!_ didn’t I tell you so! what did I say! _Je le ferai — même_; I shall do it just the same, or in spite of you, etc. =quant à=, _adv._, with regard to, as to, as for, concerning, respecting. _— à cela_; as for that. _Se mettre sur son —-à-soi_, _sur son —-à-moi_; to stand on one’s dignity. _Tenir_, or _se tenir sur_, _son —-à-soi_, or _son —-à-moi_; to assume a proud and reserved air. =quantes=, _adj.f.pl._, only employed in the two phrases: _Toutes fois et —_, _toutes et — fois que_; whenever, as often as, (com.) on demand. =quantième=, _n.m._, day (of the month). _Quel est le — du mois?_ what day of the month is it? =quantitati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, quantitative. =quantité=, _n.f._, quantity; variety; deal, number, multitude, abundance, plenty, lot. =quantum= (koo-an-tom), _n.m._, (_—s_) quantum. =quarantaine=, _n.f._, about forty; age of forty; quarantine. _Faire la —_; to perform quarantine. _Lever la —_; to admit to pratique. _Purger sa —_; to clear one’s quarantine. _Mettre en —_; to put into coventry. =quarante=, _n.m._ and _adj._, forty. _Les —_; the members of the French Academy, the forty immortals. _Remettre à l’an —_; to put off till doomsday. _Je m’en moque comme de l’an —_; I don’t care two straws about it. =quarantie= (-tî), _n.f._, tribunal of the forty (at Venice). =quarantième= (-tièm), _n.m.f._ and _adj._, fortieth. =quarderonner=, _v.a._, (arch.) to round off. =quarre=, =quarré=, =quarreau=, =quarrément=, =quarrer=, =quarrure=. _V._ =carre=, =carré=, etc. =quart= (kar), _n.m._, quarter, fourth; point (of the compass); quart (measure); (nav.) watch. _Un — d’heure_; a quarter of an hour. _Médire du tiers et du —_; to speak ill of everybody. _— de cercle_; quadrant. _Officier de —_; (nav.) officer of the watch. _Faire son —_; to do one’s watch. _— de nuit_; night-watch. _Faire bon —_; to keep a good lookout. _Le premier —_; the starboard-watch. _Bon —!_ (nav.) all’s well! _— de vent_; point of the compass. _Le — d’heure de Rabelais_; the moment of payment; the crucial moment. _Les trois —s du temps_; generally, most frequently. =quart=, =-e=, _adj._, fourth; (med.) quartan. _Fièvre —e_; quartan ague, quartan. =quartaine=, _adj.f._, (pop.) quartan. _Fièvre —_; quartan ague. =quartan=, _n.m._, (hunt.) fourth year (of wild boars). =quartanier=, _n.m._, wild boar four years old. =quartation=, _n.f._, (metal.) quartation. =quartaut=, _n.m._, octave (cask). =quarte=, _n.f._, (mus.) fourth; (fenc.) quarte; (piquet) quart; ☉half gallon. =quartenier=, _n.m._, local police officer. =quarteron=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, quadroon, quateron. =quarteron=, _n.m._, the fourth part of a pound, _or_ of a hundred. _Demi-—_; the eighth part of a pound, _or_ of a hundred. =quartidi= (koo-ar-), _n.m._, Quartidi (fourth day of the decade in the calendar of the first French republic). =quartier= (-tié), _n.m._, quarter, fourth part; piece, part; block; quarter (of a town, of the moon); ward; district; neighborhood; flap (of a saddle); gammon (of bacon); block (of stone); (arch., her., milit., vet.) quarter; descent; study, form (in schools). _pl._, quarters. _Un — de lard_; half a flitch of bacon. _— de soulier_; quarter of a shoe. _— général_; (milit.) headquarters. _Elève du troisième —_; pupil of the third form. _De —_; (milit.) on duty. _Demander —_; to beg for quarter, for mercy. _Il ne donne point de — à ses débiteurs_; he is eternally dunning his debtors. _On n’y fait — à personne_; they spare nobody there. =quartier-maître=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (milit., nav.) quartermaster, second-class petty officer. =quarto=. _V._ =in-quarto=. =quarto= (kooar-to), _adv._, fourthly, in the fourth place. =quartz= (kooar-tz), _n.m._, (min.) quartz. =quartzeu-x=, =-se= (kooa-), _adj._, (min.) quartzose, quartzy. =quasi=, _n.m._, (cook.) thick end of a loin of veal; chump, chump end. =quasi=, _adv._, (fam.) almost, nearly; quasi. =quasi-contrat=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (jur.) quasi contract, implied contract. =quasi-délit=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (jur.) injury caused involuntarily. =quasiment=, _adv._, almost, nearly, as you would say. =quasimodo=, _n.f._, (c.rel.) Quasimodo, hunchback (in V. Hugo’s _Notre Dame_). _Dimanche de la —_; Low Sunday. =quassia= (kooa-), _n.f._, (pharm.) quassia. =quassier= (kooa-sié), _n.m._, (bot.) stavewood, quassia. =quater=, _n.m._, C (numeration of houses). _V._ =ter=. =quaternaire= (kooa-), _adj._, quaternary. =quaterne=, _n.m._, quaternary; four winning numbers (_V._ =quine=). =quaterné=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) quaternate. =quatorze=, _n.m._ and _adj._, fourteen, fourteenth. =quatorzième=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, fourteenth, fourteenth day. =quatorzièmement=, _adv._, fourteenthly. =quatrain=, _n.m._, quatrain. =quatre=, _adj._, four, fourth. _Un de ces — matins_; one of these fine days. _Marcher à — pattes_; to go upon all fours. _Être tiré à — épingles_; to look as if one had just come out of a bandbox. _— à —_; four to four, four abreast; four steps at a time, in great haste, at a furious rate; (in games) four all. =quatre=, _n.m._, four; fourth. _Se mettre en — pour quelqu’un_; to go through fire for any one. _Crier comme —_; to cry out lustily. _Faire le diable à —_; to kick up a terrible shindy; to exert one’s self to the utmost. _On le tenait à —_; it needed four men to hold him. _Je me tenais à — pour ne pas ..._; it was as much as I could do not to ... _Travailler comme —_; to work like a nigger. =quatre-temps=, _n.m.pl._, Ember-days. =quatre-vingtième=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, eightieth. =quatre-vingts=, _adj._, eighty. _— millions_; eighty millions. _Ils étaient —_; there were eighty of them. _Quatre-vingt-un_; eighty-one. _Quatre-vingt-dix_; ninety. _Quatre-vingt-dix-neuf_; ninety-nine. [_Quatre-vingts_ takes no _s_ when it precedes another number. It likewise takes no _s_ when used in dates of the Christian era: _L’an mil sept cent quatre-vingt_; the year 1780.] =quatrième=, _n.m._ and _adj._, fourth; fourth floor; pupil of the fourth class. =quatrième=, _n.f._ and _adj._, fourth; fourth class (in schools); (piquet) quart. =quatrièmement=, _adv._, fourthly. =quatriennal=, =-e= (-è-n-nal), _adj._, quadrennial. =quatrillion= (kooa-), _n.m._ _V._ =quadrillion=. =quatuor= (kooa-), _n.m._, (_—_) (mus.) quartet, quartette. =quayage=, _n.m._, wharfage, keyage. =que=, _relative pron._, whom, that, which, what. _Qu’est-ce — c’est?_ what is it? _— dites-vous?_ what do you say? _— dit-on de nouveau?_ what news have you to tell us? _Il ne sait — faire_; he does not know what to do. _L’homme — vous voyez_; the man whom you see. =que=, _conj._, that; how; how much, how many; if; as, when; unless, without; till, until; yet; lest, for fear that; in order that, for; before; since; so; than; let; because; why; only, nothing but. _J’avoue — cela est surprenant_; I confess that this is very surprising. _Afin —_; that, in order that. _De sorte —_; so that. _S’il le souhaite, et — vous le vouliez_; if he desires it, and you also wish it. _Je ne serai point content — je ne le sache_; I shall never rest content until I know it. _Attendez qu’il vienne_; wait till he comes. _Il me verrait périr, qu’il n’en serait pas touché_; even if he were to see me perish, he would not be in the least concerned. _Approchez, — je vous embrasse_; draw near, (in order) that I may kiss you. _N’approchez pas de ce chien, de peur qu’il ne vous morde_; do not go near that dog, lest he should bite you. _Il n’y a qu’une heure qu’il est parti_; he left but an hour ago. _On le régala — rien n’y manquait_; they treated him in such a way that nothing was wanting. _À peine eut-il achevé de parler qu’il expira_; he had hardly done speaking, when he expired. _Le mari est plus raisonnable — la femme_; the husband is more reasonable than the wife. _Plutôt — de le faire_; rather than do it. _Tout savant qu’il est, il a bien peu de jugement_; learned as he is, he has very little judgment. _C’est à la cour qu’on apprend à flatter_; it is at court one learns to flatter. _Qu’il parle_; let him speak. _Je vous assure — cela est ainsi_; I assure you that it is so. _Je doute — cela soit ainsi_; I doubt whether it is so. _C’est une passion dangereuse — le jeu_; gambling is a dangerous passion. _C’est être sage — de vivre ainsi_; it is acting like a wise man to live so. _C’est en vain — je me fatigue_; it is in vain that I toil and moil. _C’est — je ne savais pas — vous y étiez_; the fact is I did not know that you were there. _Il y a dix ans — je l’aime_; I have loved her these last ten years. _Je ne suis pas si fou — de le croire_; I am not such a fool as to believe it. _Il est tout autre — vous ne disiez_; he is quite different from what you said. _— Dieu vous bénisse_; God bless you. _— j’agisse contre ma conscience!_ ask me to act against my conscience! _— vous aimez à parler!_ how fond you are of talking! _Qu’elle est grande!_ how tall she is! _Qu’il y a de sots dans le monde!_ what a lot of fools there are in the world! _Le malheureux qu’il est!_ wretch that he is! _— ne parlez-vous?_ why do you not speak? _— ne fait-il pas pour s’enrichir?_ what does he not do to grow rich? _— ne puis-je vous rendre service!_ would to God that I could serve you! _— n’ai-je le temps!_ oh, that I had the time! _Je ne sors point — je ne m’enrhume_; I never go out without catching cold. _Je n’ai — faire de_; I have no business with, I have nothing to do with; I have no need of. _Je n’ai — faire de vous dire_; I need not tell you. _Il ne fait — boire et manger_; he does nothing but eat and drink. _Nous ne faisons — de commencer_; we are only just beginning. _Je dis — oui_; I say yes. _Il croit — non_; he thinks not. _Je gage — si_; I bet you it is so. _Allez, sot — vous êtes_; go, blockhead that you are. _Le moyen — je souffre cela?_ how can I bear that? _Ce n’est pas trop — cela_; that’s not too much. _Ce — c’est que la vie!_ what a strange thing life is! _La belle chose — d’être riche!_ how nice it is to be rich! =quel=, =-le=, _adj._, what. _— homme est-ce?_ what sort of a man is he? _—le heure est-il?_ what o’clock is it? _—le pitié!_ what a pity! _le taille!_ what a figure! _—le que soit votre intention_; whatever your intention may be. _— qu’il soit_; whatever he be, whoever he be, whatever it is. _Tel —_; indifferent, so so. =quelconque=, _adj._, whatever, any; any whatsoever. _D’une manière —_; in any way whatever, anyhow. _Une raison —_; any reason whatever. ☉=quellement= (kèl-mān), _adv._ _Tellement —_; indifferently, so so. =quelque=, _adj._, some, any, a few, odd; whatever, whatsoever. _Adressez-vous à — autre_; apply to somebody else. _— jour_; some day or other. _Il y a —s années_; some years ago. _J’ai —s amis dans cette ville_; I have a few friends in this town. _— part_; somewhere. _— peu d’argent_; some little money. _—s efforts que vous fassiez_; whatever efforts you make. _En — lieu qu’il soit_; wherever he is. _En — temps que ce soit_; at any time. =quelque=, _adv._, however, howsoever; some, about. _— riches qu’ils soient_; however rich they may be. _— centaines de livres_; a few hundred pounds. _— cent francs_; about a hundred francs. =quelquefois=, _adv._, sometimes. =quelques-uns=, _n.m.pl._, =-unes=, _n.f.pl._, some, some people; any; a few. =quelqu’un=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, somebody, some one; anybody, any one. =quémander=, _v.n._, to beg, to beg for, to go a-begging, to solicit. =quémanderie=, _n.f._, begging, solicitation. =quémandeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, importunate beggar. =qu’en-dira-t-on=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) public talk, tittle-tattle. _Se moquer du —_; to ignore what people say. =quenelle=, _n.f._, (cook.) forcemeat ball. =quenotte=, _n.f._, (fam.) tooth (of young children). *=quenouille=, _n.f._, distaff; bed-post; tree cut in the form of a distaff. _— de lit_; bedpost. _A —s_; four-post. _En —_; like a distaff. _Tomber en —_; to fall to the female line. _Coiffer une —_; to cover a distaff. *=quenouillée=, _n.f._, distaff-ful. *=quenouillette=, _n.f._, a small distaff; (bot.) distaff-thistle. _—s de la poupe_; (nav.) stern-timbers. =quérable=, _adj._, (jur.) demandable (of a debt). =quercitron=, _n.m._, (bot.) quercitron. =querelle=, _n.f._, quarrel, quarreling, row, brawl, broil, wrangling. _— d’Allemand_; groundless quarrel. _Faire une — à_; to quarrel with. _Chercher — à_; to pick a quarrel with. _Vider une —_; to settle a quarrel. _Susciter une — à_; to raise a quarrel. _Ne pas épouser une —_; not to take up any one’s quarrel. =quereller=, _v.a._, to quarrel with, to pick a quarrel with, to scold. _se_ =quereller=, _v.r._, to quarrel, to wrangle, to have words. =quereller=, _v.n._, to quarrel, to wrangle. =querelleu-r=, =-se=, _adj._ and _n._, quarrelsome; quarreler, wrangler. ☉=quérir=, _v.a._, to fetch. [Only employed in the infinitive with _aller_, _envoyer_, _venir_.] _Aller —_; to go and fetch. _Envoyer —_; to send for. =questeur= (kuès-), _n.m._, questor. =question= (kès-tion), _n.f._, question, interrogation; query, rack, torture; point, issue; (jur.) issue; question (torture). _Faire une —_; to ask a question. _De quoi est-il —?_ what’s the matter? _Résoudre une —_; to solve a question. _Sortir de la —_; to wander from the question. _Si c’est une — à faire_; if it is a fair question. _Il est — de_; it is in contemplation to (_i.e._ intended to). _Après cela il fut — de moi_; then my affair came up. _Mettre en —_; to question; to call in question, to doubt. _Mettre à la —_; to put to the rack, to torture. =questionnaire= (kès-tio-nèr), _n.m._, examination questions; book of questions; torturer, tormentor. =questionner= (kès-tio-né), _v.a._, to question, to interrogate; to ask questions. =questionneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, questioner, querist. _adj._, inquisitive. =questure= (kuès-), _n.f._, questorship; questors’ office. =quête=, _n.f._, quest, search, collection, offertory, gathering; (hunt.) beating about; (nav.) rake. _Se mettre en — de_; to go in quest of. =quêter=, _v.a._ and _n._, to go in quest, _or_ search, of; to gather _or_ collect; to beg, _or_ ask, for; to make a collection; to canvass; (hunt.) to search. =quêteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, collector, gatherer, mendicant (friar). =queue= (keû), _n.f._, tail; stalk, stem; (l.u.) hone; hogshead; end, extremity; rear; (of documents) label; billiard-cue; handle (of a frying-pan, of mills); train (of robes, gowns); file, string (of persons). _—-d’aronde_, (_—s-—_) (carp.) dovetail. _—-de-chat cirrus_; curl-cloud; mare’s tail. _— écourtée_; bobtail. _—-de-cheval_, (_—s-—_) (bot.) horse-tail. _—-de lion_, (_—s-—_) (bot.) lion’s-tail; motherwort. _—-de-pourceau_; (bot.) hog’s-fennel. _Demi-—_, (_—s-—_) half a hogshead. _La — d’un paon_; a peacock’s train. _La — d’une robe_; the train of a gown. _— de moulin_; mill-handle. _— de poêle_; handle of a frying-pan. _La — de l’armée_; the rear of the army. _Avoir les ennemis en —_; to have the enemy at one’s heels. _Il est à la —_; he is behind, at the bottom of the class. _Faire —_; to stand in a line. _Faire la — à_; to take in, to deceive. _On fait — au théâtre_; there is a crowd at the doors. _À —-d’aronde_; (carp.) dovetailed. _À la — leu leu_, _V._ =leu=. _Faire fausse —_; to miscue (billiards). =queussi-queumi=, _adv._, neither more nor less, neither better nor worse, just the same. =queuter=, _v.n._, to strike two balls at once, _or_ together; to make a foul stroke. =queux= _or_ =queue= (keû), _n.f._, hone, whetstone. ☉=queux=, _n.m._, cook. _Grand —_, _maître —_; head cook; restaurateur. =qui=, _relative pron._, who, whoever, whom, whomsoever, which, that; what; some. _L’homme — pense_; the man who thinks. _Les chevaux — tirent_; the horses that draw. _De — parle-t-il?_ whom is he speaking of? _À — est ce livre?_ whose book is this? _Dites-moi —_; tell me who. _Je ne sais pas —_; I don’t know who. _C’est à — l’aura_; it is to who will have it. _C’était à —_; they vied with one another as to who. _— pis est_; what is worse. _— plus est_; what is more. _Je sais — vous voulez dire_; I know whom you mean. _— est là?_ who’s there? _— d’entre vous oserait?_ which of you would dare? _Ils étaient dispersés — çà, — là_; they were dispersed some one way, some another. _— que ce soit_, _— que ce puisse être_; whoever, whosoever it be. _Je n’ai vu — que ce soit_; I saw nobody, not a soul. _Il ne se défiait de — que ce fût_; he mistrusted nobody. _— que ce soit, il s’en repentira_; let him be who he will, he shall rue it. _À — est-ce à?_ whose turn is it to? _À — est?_ whose is? _or_ to whom is? _À — le tour?_ whose turn is it? _Pour — connaît_; to any one who knows. _— s’excuse, s’accuse_; a guilty conscience needs no accuser. =quia= (kui-a), _adv._, (l.u.) naught. _Être à —_; to be at a loss, to be at a stand, to be nonplused. _Mettre à —_; to nonplus, to silence. =quibus= (kui-bus), _n.m._, (pop.) property, wealth, needful cash, tin. _Avoir du —_; to be flush of money. =quiconque= (ki-kōnk), pron., whoever, whosoever; whomsoever, whichever. =quida-m= (ki-dān), _n.m._, =-ne= (ki-da-n), _n.f._, (jur.) quidam; a certain individual; a certain person, one, some fellow. =quiddité= (kuid-di-té), _n.f._, quiddity. =quiescence=, _n.f._, quiescence. =quiescent=, =-e= (kui-), _adj._, quiescent. =quiétisme=, _n.m._, quietism (the doctrine of). =quiétiste=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, quietist. =quiétude=, _n.f._, quietude. *=quignon=, _n.m._, (fam.) hunch (large piece). ☉*=quillage=, _n.m._, keelage. _V._ =ancrage=. *=quille=, _n.f._, skittle, nine-pin; (nav.) keel. _Jeu de —s_; game of skittles, set of skittles; skittle-ground _or_ alley. _Donner à quelqu’un son sac et ses —s_; to send any one packing. _Recevoir quelqu’un comme un chien dans un jeu de —s_; to receive any one like a dog. _Trousser ses —s_; to cut one’s sticks. *=quiller=, _v.n._, to throw for partners, _or_ for first play (at skittles). *=quillette=, _n.f._, osier cutting. *=quillier=, _n.m._, skittle-ground. *=quilloir=, _n.m._, (nav.) reel-stick. *=quillon=, _n.m._, cross-bar (of a sword). =quina=, _n.m._ _V._ =quinquina=. =quinaire=, _n.m._, (antiq.) quinarius. =quinaire= (kui-), _adj._, (math.) quinary. ☉=quinaud=, =-e=, _adj._ _V._ =penaud=. *=quincaille=, _n.f._, ironmongery, hardware; (fig.) trash, gimcrack. *=quincaillerie=, _n.f._, ironmongery, hardware. *=quincaillier=, _n.m._, ironmonger, hardwareman. =quinconce=, _n.m._, quincunx. =quindécagone= (kuin-), _n.m._, (geom.) quindecagon. =quindécemvir= (kuin-dé-sèm-vir), _n.m._, quindecemvir. =quindécemvirat=, _n.m._, quindecemvirate. =quine=, _n.m._, two fives (trictrac); five winning numbers (in a lottery). _Avoir la —_; to be in for (anything). _Gagner la —_; to win the big prize. =quinine=, _n.f._, quinine. =quinola=, _n.m._, knave of hearts (reversi). =quinquagénaire= (kuin-koua-), _n.m.f._ and _adj._, person fifty years old; fifty years old. =quinquagésime= (kuin-koua-), _n.f._, Quinquagesima. ☉=quinque= (kuin-kué), _n.m._, (mus.) quintet. =quinquédenté=, =-e= (kuin-kué-), _adj._, (bot.) quinquedentate. =quinquennal=, =-e= (kuin-kuèn-nal), _adj._, quinquennial. ☉=quinquennium=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) a five years’ course of philosophy and theology. =quinquenove=, _n.m._, a game at dice. =quinquerce= (kuin-kuèrs), _n.m._, (antiq.) quinquertium. =quinquérème= (kuin-kué-), _n.f._, (nav.) quinquereme. =quinquet=, _n.m._, Argand lamp; lamp, common oil lamp. =quinquina=, _n.m._, quinquina; Peruvian bark; (bot.) cinchona; tonic wine, appetizer. =quint=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (l.u.) fifth. _Charles-—_; Charles the Fifth. _Sixte-—_; Sixtus the Fifth. =quintaine=, _n.f._, (man.) quintain. =quintal=, _n.m._, quintal, hundred-weight. =quintan=, _n.m._, (man.) quintain (to tilt at). =quintane=, _adj._, quintan, of five days (of fevers). =quinte=, _n.f._, (mus.) fifth; quint (piquet); fit (of coughing); freak, whim; (fenc.) quinte; tenor violin; (man.) dead stop. =quinte=, _adj.f._, of five days (of fevers). _Fièvre —_; a five-day fever. _V._ =quintane=. *=quintefeuille=, _n.f._, (bot.) cinque-foil. =quintessence=, _n.f._, quintessence; marrow; (fig.) pith; essential part. =quintessencier=, _v.a._, to draw the quintessence out of; to refine, to be critical; to subtilize. =quintette= (kuin-tèt), _n.m._, (mus.) quintet, quintette. =quinteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, fanciful, whimsical; crotchety; making dead stops, jibbing (of a horse). =quintidi= (kuin-), _n.m._, Quintidi (fifth day of the decade in the calendar of the first French republic). =quintillion=, _n.m._, trillion. =quintuple= (kuin-), _n.m._ and _adj._, quintuple, fivefold. =quintupler= (kuin-), _v.a._, to quintuple, to increase fivefold. =quinzain=, _n.m._, fifteen each (at tennis). =quinzaine=, _n.f._, about fifteen; fortnight. =quinze=, _n.m._ and _adj._, fifteen; fifteenth. _— jours_; fortnight. _D’aujourd’hui en —_; this day fortnight. _Il y a eu hier — jours_; yesterday fortnight. _Il y a eu Dimanche — jours_; last Sunday fortnight. _De Lundi en —_; next Monday fortnight. _Les —-vingts_; Quinze-Vingts, hospital in Paris (for three hundred blind men). _Un —-vingts_; an inmate of Quinze-Vingts. =quinzième=, _n.m._ and _adj._, fifteenth; fifteenth day; (mus.) fifteenth. =quinzièmement=, _adv._, fifteenthly, in the fifteenth place. =quiproquo=, _n.m._, (_—s_) quid pro quo, mistake, blunder. =quittance=, _n.f._, receipt, discharge. _— pour solde de compte_; receipt in full. =quittancer=, _v.a._, to receipt. =quitte=, _adj._, discharged (from debt); quit, quits, clear; free, rid. _Jouer à — ou double_; to play double or quits. _Tenir —_; to release, to disengage. _Je suis — d’un grand embarras_; I am rid of a great deal of trouble. _Je vous tiens — de votre parole_; I release you from your word. _Vous n’en serez pas — à si bon marché_; you shall not come off so cheaply. _Il en fut — pour la peur_; he got off with a good fright. _J’irai — à être grondé_; I shall go, even if I get scolded. _Être — envers quelqu’un_; to owe no one anything; to be even with any one. =quittement=, _adv._, (jur.) entirely, without debt or incumbrance. =quitter=, _v.a._, to quit, to leave, to part with; to leave off, to take off; to lay aside, to desist from; to give up, to give over; to depart (life). _Je vous quitte pour un instant_; I leave you for a moment. _— père et mère_; to leave father and mother. _— ses habits_; to take off one’s clothes. _— une charge_; to give up a post. _J’aime mieux — que disputer_; I would rather give up than wrangle (over it). _Il a quitté le service_; he has left the service. _— le commerce_; to give up business. _— la chasse_; to give up hunting. _— la partie_; to give up the game. _Qui quitte la partie la perd_; who leaves off the game, loses. _Ne pas — des yeux_; not to take one’s eyes off. =quitus= (kui-tus), _n.m._, (_—_) (fin.) discharge. =qui va là?= _or_ =qui-va-là=, _n.m._, who goes there? _Avoir réponse à —_; to be stopped by no difficulty; to have an answer always ready. =qui vive?= _or_ =qui-vive=, _n.m._, (milit.) challenge-word; who goes there? _Être sur le —_; to keep a good look-out; to be on the qui vive, _or_ on the alert. =quoailler=, _v.n._, (of a horse) to swish its tail. =quoi=, _pron._, which, what. _— que vous disiez_; whatever you may say, in short, to speak plainly; of course, to be sure. _Dites-moi en — je puis vous servir_; tell me in what way I can serve you. _C’est en — vous vous trompez_; you are mistaken in that. _À — passez-vous le temps?_ how do you spend your time? _À — bon tant de façons?_ why so much ceremony? _À propos de —?_ on what occasion? with respect to what? _Avoir de —_; (pop.) to be rich. _Il n’y a pas de —_; it is not worth mentioning; don’t mention it! _— qu’il en soit_; be that as it may. _Nous avons de — le faire_; we have the means to do it. _Avoir de —_; to have sufficient. _Il n’y a pas de — pleurer_; it is not worth crying about. _Il n’y a pas de — rire_; it is no laughing matter. _Le je ne sais —_; the “indescribable” something. =quoi!= _int._, what! how! _—, vous avez fait cela?_ what! have you done that? _— donc, vous osez me résister en face!_ how then! dare you resist me openly? =quoi-que=, _conj._, whatever. =quoique=, _conj._, although, though. _Quoiqu’il soit pauvre_; although he is poor. =quolibet=, _n.m._, quibble, pun, sorry joke. =quote-part=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) quota, portion, share, contribution. =quotidien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, daily, quotidian. _Notre pain —_; our daily bread; (fig.) our daily custom, our daily round. =quotidiennement=, _adv._, daily. =quotient=, _n.m._, (arith.) quotient. =quotité=, _n.f._, quota, portion, share. R =r= (èr), _n.f._, (re), _n.m._, the eighteenth letter of the alphabet, r. =rabâchage=, _n.m._, tautology; tiresome repetition; rigmarole. =rabâcher=, _v.n._ and _a._, (fam.) to make tiresome repetitions, to repeat the same thing over and over again. =rabâcherie= (-bâ-shrî), _n.f._, eternal repetition. =rabâcheu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, eternal repeater; twaddler. =rabais=, _n.m._, abatement, reduction, diminution; reduced price, allowance, fall; lowest tender. _Vendre_, _donner_, _au —_; to sell at reduced prices. _Être au —_; to have fallen in price. _Il les a pris au —_; he has taken them by contract. _Vente au —_; selling off, sale. =rabaissement= (-bès-mān), _n.m._, fall, depreciation, diminution in value; (fig.) humiliation, contempt. =rabaisser=, _v.a._, to lower; to abate, to diminish, to lessen; to depreciate, to humble; to disparage; to bring down, to put down. _— sa voix_; to lower one’s voice. _— les monnaies_; to depreciate the coin. _— les taxes_; to lower the taxes. _— l’orgueil de quelqu’un_; to humble any one’s pride. =raban=, _n.m._, (nav.) rope-band, gasket, knittle. =rabanner=, _v.a._, (nav.) to fit a sail with rope-bands and earings. =rabat=, _n.m._, band (for the neck), bands; end of the roof (of a tennis-court); beating about (for game). =rabat-joie=, _n.m._, (_—_) damper, wet blanket, mar-joy, spoil-sport. _C’est un —_; he is a regular wet blanket, _or_ spoil-sport. =rabattage=, _n.m._, cutting down, pressing down. =rabattre=, _v.a._, to bring down, to lower, to beat down, to pull _or_ cut down, to turn _or_ press down, to lay; to abate, to diminish, to deduct; to humble; to revoke. Le vent rabat la fumée; the wind beats down the smoke. _— un coup_; to ward off a blow. _Il n’en veut rien —_; he won’t abate an inch of it, he won’t come down a peg. _— l’orgueil de quelqu’un_; to bring down _or_ lower any one’s pride. _— le gibier_; to beat up the game. _En —_; to take off; (fig.) to come down a peg or two. _— le caquet à quelqu’un_; to take any one down a peg. _se_ =rabattre=, _v.r._, to beat down; to turn off, to change one’s road; to fall back upon, to come down, to lower one’s pretensions; to limit one’s self. =rabattre=, _v.n._, to turn under; to turn off; to change (one’s) direction or route. =rabattue=, _n.f._, (nav.) drift-rail. =rabbaniste=, _n.m._ _V._ =rabbiniste=. =rabbi= _or_ =rabbin=, _n.m._, rabbi, rabbin. _Grand —_; chief rabbi. =rabbinage=, _n.m._, rabbinism. =rabbinique=, _adj._, rabbinical. =rabbinisme=, _n.m._, rabbinism. =rabbiniste= _or_ =rabbaniste=, _n.m._, rabbinist. =rabdologie=, _n.f._, rhabdology. =rabdomancie= _or_ ☉=rabdomance=, _n.f._, rhabdomancy. =rabes=, _n.f.pl._, hard roe (of cod). =rabêtir=, _v.a._ and _n._, to stupefy; to make dull, _or_ stupid; to grow dull, _or_ stupid. =rabette=, _n.f._, rape; rape-seed. =rabiole=, _n.f._ _V._ =rave=. =rabique= _or_ =rabeique=, _adj._, (med.) hydrophobic; of rabies, rabid. =râble=, _n.m._, back of a hare, _or_ rabbit; (tech.) rake, poker, stirrer; (b.s.) back (of a person). =râbler=, _v.a._, to rake, to poke, to scrape. =râblu=, =-e=, _adj._, thick-backed (of a hare, _or_ rabbit); (pers.) broad-backed, strong-backed; (fig.) hardy, vigorous. =râblure=, _n.f._, (nav.) rabbet, channel. _— de la quille_; rabbet of the keel. _se_ =rabonnir=, _v.r._, to improve. =rabot=, _n.m._, plane; beater (to move lime); road-scraper. _Passer le — sur_; to plane, to polish. =rabotage=, _n.m._, (carp.) planing. =raboter=, _v.a._ and _n._, to plane, to smooth with a plane; to polish. =raboteur=, _n.m._, planer, molding-worker. =raboteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, knotty, rough; rugged, cragged, craggy; uneven, (fig.) harsh, jagged (of style). _Un chemin —_; an uneven road. =rabougri=, =-e=, _part._, stunted. _Un petit homme —_; a small, stunted fellow _or_ man. =rabougrir=, _v.a._, to stunt. _se_ =rabougrir=, _v.r._, to become, _or_ grow, stunted. *=rabouillère=, _n.f._, rabbit’s nest, _or_ hole; (fig.) corner, spot (in Rabelais). =raboutir=, _v.a._, to piece, to join end to end, to join on. =rabrouer=, _v.a._, to snub, to pull up short; to chide, to rebuke. =rabroueu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, snappish person, scold. =racage=, _n.m._, (nav.) parrel. _Pommes de —_; trucks of a parrel. _Bigots de —_; ribs of a parrel. _Bâtard de —_; parrel-rope. _Drosse de —_; parrel-truss. =racahout=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) racahout (a nutritious fecula). *=racaille=, _n.f._, rabble, riffraff; rubbish, trash. =racambeau=, _n.m._, (nav.) traveler, jib-iron. =racastillage=, _n.m._, (nav.) repair of the upper works. =racastiller=, _v.a._, to repair the upper works (of a vessel). =raccommodage=, _n.m._, mending, repairing, darning. =raccommodement= (-mod-mān), _n.m._, reconciliation, reconcilement. =raccommoder=, _v.a._, to mend, to repair; to piece, to patch, to botch; to adjust, to set right; to improve, to correct; to reconcile, to make friends again; to darn. _Faire — quelque chose_; to have anything mended. _On les a raccommodés_; they have been reconciled. _se_ =raccommoder=, _v.r._, to be mended; (of persons) to be reconciled; to make it up again. _Le mari et la femme se sont raccommodés_; the husband and wife are friends again, _or_ have made it up again. =raccommodeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, mender, patcher. =raccord=, _n.m._, joining, fitting, junction; union; piece, patch. =raccordement=, _n.m._, (arch.) leveling; union, junction; mending, patching. =raccorder=, _v.a._, to join, to unite, to adjust, to connect, to level; to piece, to patch; (of instruments) to tune again. =raccourci=, =-e=, _part._, shortened, abbreviated; too short. _À bras —s_; with might and main. =raccourci=, _n.m._, epitome, abridgment, short cut; (paint.) foreshortening. _En —_; abridged, briefly; (persp.) foreshortened; (fig.) in miniature. _Prendre au —_; to take a short cut. =raccourcir=, _v.a._, to shorten, to make shorter; to contract, to bend; to curtail; to abbreviate, to abridge; (persp.) to foreshorten. _se_ =raccourcir=, _v.r._, to shorten; to grow, _or_ become, shorter; to contract one’s self; to shrink. =raccourcir=, _v.n._, to shorten; to become shorter; to shrink, to contract. =raccourcissement= (-sis-mān), _n.m._, shortening, contraction, curtailment, abridgment; shrinking; foreshortening. =raccours=, _n.m._, shrinking. =raccoutrement=, _n.m._, mending (of clothes). =raccoutrer=, _v.a._, to mend, to sew up. _se_ =raccoutumer=, _v.r._, to reaccustom one’s self (to), to get used (to) again. =raccroc= (ra-kro), _n.m._, chance, lucky hit; (at billiards) fluke. _Coup de —_; lucky stroke, fluke. =raccrocher=, _v.a._, to hook again; to hang up again; to recover, to get again, to get hold of, to pick up. _Raccrochez ce tableau_; hang up this picture again. _— son argent_; to recover one’s money. _Si je pouvais — cela!_ if I could only bring that off! _Raccroché à Londres_; (of persons) picked up in London. _se_ =raccrocher=, _v.r._, to cling; to adhere; to retrieve one’s losses, to recover one’s self; to catch, _or_ snatch, at. _Se — à une chose_; to cling to anything. =raccrocher=, _v.n._, to fluke. _Il ne fait que —_; he does nothing but fluke. =raccrocheuse=, _n.f._, (pop.) street-walker. =race=, _n.f._, race; stock, breed; family, line, ancestry; (agri.) variety. _Un cheval de —_; a thorough-bred horse. _Ce chien est de bonne —_; this dog is of a good breed, is pure-bred. _Croiser les —s_; to cross the breeds. _— de vipères_; generation of vipers. _La — future_; future ages. _Les bons chiens chassent de —_; it runs in the blood. _Cette fille chasse de —_; that girl is a flirt like her mother. _Faire —_; to breed. =rachat=, _n.m._, repurchase, redemption, recovery, ransom. _Vendre à faculté de —_; to sell with power of redemption. _— de bans_; (marriage) license. =rachetable= (rash-tabl), _adj._, redeemable. =racheter= (rash-té), _v.a._, to buy back, to buy again, to repurchase; to ransom, to buy off, to redeem; to compensate, to make up for; to atone, to atone for. _— une rente_; to redeem an annuity. _— les prisonniers_; to ransom the prisoners. _— ses vices par ses vertus_; to atone for one’s vices by one’s virtues. _se_ =racheter=, _v.r._, to redeem one’s self; to be compensated, to be made up for. =racheu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, knotty (of wood). =rachever= (rash-vé), _v.a._, (pop.) to finish (anything begun). =rachidien=, =-ne= (-in, -èn), _adj._, (anat.) spinal, vertebral. =rachis= (ra-shis), _n.m._, (anat.) spinal, vertebral column, spine; (bot.) stalk. =rachitique=, _adj._, (med.) rickety; (bot.) blighted, stunted, knotty. =rachitique=, _n.m.f._, rickety person, person suffering from rickets. =rachitis= (-tis), _n.m._, rachitis; rickets. =rachitisme=, _n.m._, rachitis; rickets; (agri.) white blight. =racinage=, _n.m._, esculent roots, root-crops; (dy.) walnut dye (of walnut peel). =racinal=, _n.m._, (carp.) beam, sleeper; sole; sill. =racine=, _n.f._, root; (fig.) beginning, principle, origin. _Fruits pendants par les —s_; standing crops. _— carrée_; (arith.) square root. _— cubique_; cube root. _Prendre —_; to take root. =raciner=, _v.n._, to strike root. =raciner=, _v.a._, to dye with roots, to root-figure. =racinien=, =-ne=, _adj._, Racinian, of _or_ after Racine. =rack=, _n.m._, arrack, rack (liquor). _V._ =arack=. =râclage=, _n.m._, scraping, thinning. =râcle=, _n.f._, (nav.) scraper (used to clean a ship’s side, deck, etc.). =râcle-boyau=, _n.m._, (_—_) catgut-scraper, fiddler. =râclée=, _n.f._, scraping; (pop.) beating, drubbing, whacking, thrashing, hiding. =râcler=, _v.a._, to scrape, to scrape off; to strike (a measure); to strum, to thrum. _— le boyau_; to scrape the fiddle. =râcleur=, _n.m._, catgut-scraper; strummer (on the piano, etc.). =râcloir=, _n.m._, scraper, road-scraper. =râcloire=, _n.f._, strike (of measures). =râclon=, _n.m._, scraped-mud (for manure). =râclure=, _n.f._, scrapings. =racolage=, _n.m._, recruiting, enlisting, crimping, impressing. =racoler=, _v.a._, to entice men to enlist, to crimp, to enlist; (fig.) to pick up. =racoleur=, _n.m._, crimp; recruiting sergeant. =racontable=, _adj._, relatable. =racontage= _or_ =racontar=, _n.m._, gossip, tittle-tattle, idle tales. =raconter=, _v.a._, to relate, to tell, to narrate, to recount. =raconteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, relater, story-teller, narrator. =racornir=, _v.a._, to make as hard as horn; to make hard, to harden; to dry up, to shrivel, to shrivel up. _se_ =racornir=, _v.r._, to grow hard, to harden; to shrivel, to shrivel up, to dry up. =racornissement= (-nis-mān), _n.m._, hardening, shriveling, drying up. =racquit=, _n.m._, winning back. =racquitter=, _v.a._, to win back again; to indemnify, to recoup. _se_ =racquitter=, _v.r._, to win back again; to retrieve one’s losses, to recoup one’s self. =rade=, _n.f._, (nav.) roads, roadstead. _— foraine_; open roadstead. _Grande —_; outer roads. _Petite —_; inner roads. _Vaisseau en —_; roadster. _Aller en —_; to go into the roads. =radeau=, _n.m._, raft. =rader=, _v.a._, (nav.) to anchor in a roadstead; to strike (a measure). _— un vaisseau_; to anchor a ship in a roadstead. =radeur=, _n.m._, salt-measurer. =radiaire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (zoöl.) radiary; radiated. _—s_; radiata. =radial=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat., geom.) radial. =radiance=, _n.f._, radiance, radiancy; luster. =radiant=, =-e=, _adj._, radiant. =radiation=, _n.f._, radiation, irradiation; obliteration, erasure, crossing out, striking out. =radical=, =-e=, _adj._, radical. =radical=, _n.m._, radical; root. =radicalement= (-kal-mān), _adv._, radically. =radicalisme=, _n.m._, radicalism. =radicant=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) radicant. =radication=, _n.f._, radication. =radicelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) radicle. =radicule=, _n.f._, (bot.) radicle. =radié=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) radiant, radiated, stellated; (her.) radiant. =radier=, _n.m._, (arch.) inverted arch; floor (of a lock on a canal); apron (of docks, of basins); radish-plate. =radier=, _v.a._, to strike out, to cross out. =radieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, radiant, beaming, shining, blazing. =radiomètre=, _n.m._, (astron.) radiometer. =radis=, _n.m._, radish. =radius= (-us), _n.m._, (anat.) radius. =radoire=, _n.f._, strike (of measures). =radotage=, _n.m._, nonsense, idle talk, drivel; dotage. =radoter=, _v.n._, to rave, to dote, to talk idly, to wander, to talk drivel. =radoterie= (ra-do-trî), _n.f._ _V._ =radotage=. =radoteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, dotard, driveler. _Vieille —se_; trifling old woman. =radoub= (-doob), _n.m._, (nav.) repair, refitting of a ship, graving. _Cale de —_; graving slip. _Forme de —_; graving dock. _Vaisseau en —_; ship undergoing repairs. _Mettre au —_; to lay up (a vessel). =radouber=, _v.a._, (nav.) to refit, to repair, to recalk. _se_ =radouber=, _v.r._, (nav.) to be repaired. =radoubeur=, _n.m._, (nav.) calker. =radouci=, _part._ _adj._, softened, subdued. =radoucir=, _v.a._, to soften, to make milder, to appease, to pacify, to mitigate, to allay. _se_ =radoucir=, _v.r._, to soften, to grow milder, to become milder, to get milder; to grow soft, to become soft, to get soft; to subside, to be appeased, to be pacified; to relent, to relax, to soften down. _Le temps se radoucit_; it is getting milder _or_ better weather. =radoucissement= (-sis-mān), _n.m._, softening, getting milder (of the weather); mitigation, allaying, appeasement, improvement. =rafale=, _n.f._, (nav.) squall. =rafalé=, _adj._, caught in a squall; (pop. & fig.) hard up, up a tree. =raffe=, _n.f._ _V._ =rafle=. =raffermir=, _v.a._, to harden, to make firm; to fasten; to establish, to confirm, to settle, to secure, to fortify, to strengthen. _Cet événement raffermit son autorité_; that event strengthened his authority. _— le courage de quelqu’un_; to give heart to any one. _se_ =raffermir=, _v.r._, to grow stronger, to gather strength; to be established, to become established, to consolidate; to be confirmed, to become confirmed; to improve. _Sa santé se raffermit_; his health is improving. =raffermissement= (-mis-mān), _n.m._, hardening, strengthening; confirmation, establishment, fastening, securing, consolidation, improvement. =raffinade=, _n.f._, best refined sugar. =raffinage=, _n.m._, refining. =raffiné=, _n.m._, fashionable rake. =raffiné=, =-e=, _adj._, refined, delicate; keen, sharp, subtle, clever, consummate. =raffinement= (ra-fi-n-mān), _n.m._, refinement, affected nicety. =raffiner=, _v.a._, to refine. _se_ =raffiner=, _v.r._, to refine, to be refined, to become refined. =raffiner=, _v.n._, to refine. _— sur le point d’honneur_; to be over-nice upon the point of honor. =raffinerie= (ra-fi-n-rî), _n.f._, refinery; sugar-refinery, refining. =raffineur=, _n.m._, refiner. _— de sucre_; sugar-refiner, sugar-baker. =raffoler=, _v.n._, to dote (upon), to be passionately fond (of), to be distractedly in love (with). _Il raffole de cette femme_; he is madly in love, _or_ infatuated, with that woman. =raffolir=, _v.n._, (l.u.) to become mad, to go mad. _V._ =affoler=. =rafistolage=, _n.m._, patching up, mending. =rafistoler=, _v.a._, (fam.) to mend clothes, to patch up, to make new. =rafle=, =raffe=, _or_ =râpe=, _n.f._, grape-stalk stripped of all its fruit; (dice) pair-royal. _Faire —_; (fam.) to sweep off the stakes; to sweep off everything, to make a clean sweep. =rafler=, _v.a._, (fam.) to sweep away, to sweep off, to carry off. ☉=raflouer=, _v.a._, (nav.). _V._ =renflouer=. =rafraîchir=, _v.a._, to cool; to refresh, to restore, to invigorate, to repair, to recruit, to renew, to freshen, to freshen up, to renovate, to rub up, to crop, to cut, to trim (cut the ends of); (milit.) to relieve; to rest. _— du vin_; to cool wine. _— le sang_; to refresh the blood. _— un tableau_; to clean up, or freshen up, a picture. _— une tapisserie_; to restore a piece of tapestry. _— les cheveux_; to clip the hair. _— la mémoire_; to refresh one’s memory. _— une muraille_; to repair a wall. _— une place_; to supply a garrison with fresh men and provisions. _Ces troupes sont fatiguées, il faut les mettre dans de bons quartiers pour les —_; these troops are worn out, they must be sent into good quarters to rest. _— la mémoire à quelqu’un_; to remind any one of a thing. _se_ =rafraîchir=, _v.r._, to cool, to grow cool, to become cool; to take refreshment, to refresh one’s self; to be refreshed; to recruit one’s self; to recruit one’s strength, to rest one’s self. _Venez vous rafraîchir_; come and take some refreshment. _Le vent se rafraîchit_; the wind is freshening. =rafraîchir=, _v.n._, to cool, to become cool; to be refreshing. =rafraîchissant=, =-e=, _adj._, cooling, refreshing, refrigerative. =rafraîchissant=, _n.m._, (med.) cooling medicine. =rafraîchissement= (-shis-mān), _n.m._, cooling; cooling effect. _pl._, refreshments; provisions, supplies. _Faire les —s_; (nav.) to take in fresh provisions. =rafraîchisseur=, _adj._, cooling, refrigerative. =rafraîchissoir=, _n.m._, cooler, refrigerator. *=ragaillardir=, _v.a._, to make merry, to render merry, to render cheerful, to enliven, to cheer, to cheer up, to give a fillip to. =rage=, _n.f._, (med.) rage, fury, incensement; mania; rabies, hydrophobia, canine madness, mania, inveterate habit. _Ecumer de —_; to foam with rage. _Avoir la —_; to be mad (of animals). _— de dents_; violent tooth-ache; (pop.) ravenous hunger. _Il a la — d’écrire_; he has a mania for writing, he will write at any price. _Il l’aime à la —_; he loves her to distraction. _Il a la — du jeu_; he has a passion for gambling. _Faire —_; to be quite or all the rage; to cause great disorder, great havoc; to do one’s utmost. _Dire — de quelqu’un_; to say all imaginable harm of any one. _Quand on veut noyer son chien, on dit qu’il a la —_; (prov.) give a dog a bad name and hang him. =rager=, _v.n._, (fam.) to be in a passion; to sulk, to be angry, to fume. =rageu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, ill-tempered person; spitfire. =ragot=, _n.m._, (hunt.) solitary wild boar; (fig.) silly talk, twaddle. =ragot=, =-e=, _adj._, dumpy, thick and short; thick set; squat (animal). =ragoût=, _n.m._, (cook.) ragout; stew; hash. _Faire un —_; to make a stew. _En —_; stewed. =ragoûtant=, =-e=, _adj._, relishing, savory; inviting, tempting. _Morceau —_; tit-bit. _Ce mets-là n’est guère —_; that dish is not very tempting. =ragoûter=, _v.a._, to restore the appetite; to quicken, to stimulate, to stir up. _se_ =ragoûter=, _v.r._, to recover one’s appetite. =ragrafer=, _v.a._, to clasp again, to re-clasp, to hook again. =ragrandir=, _v.a._, to enlarge again; to enlarge. _se_ =ragrandir=, _v.r._, to be enlarged again; to become larger. =ragréage=, _n.m._, (nav.) refitting. =ragréer=, _v.a._, (arch.) to finish, to finish off, to give the finishing touch to; to restore, to renovate, to do up; to repair; to pare again (trees), to prune; (nav.) to rig anew, to refit. _— un ouvrage de menuiserie_; to finish a piece of joiner’s work. _— une branche d’arbre_; to prune a branch of a tree. _se_ =ragréer=, _v.r._, (nav.) to be repaired; to obtain fresh rigging. =ragrément=, _n.m._, finishing, finishing off; restoration, renovation, doing up; pruning, reparing (of trees); (nav.) refitting. =ragué= (ra-ghé), _adj._, (nav.) chafed, rubbed, galled. _se_ =raguer=, _v.r._, (nav.) to chafe, to gall. =raguet=, _n.m._, (pisc.) codling. =raïa=, _n.m._, rajah, raja. =raide=, _adj._, stiff, rigid; tight; inflexible, stern; tough; steep; swift, rapid; (nav.) taught. _— de froid_; stiff with cold. _Peau —_; tough skin. _Montagne —_; steep mountain. _— comme une barre de fer_; as stiff as a poker. _Se tenir —_; to stand stiff. _Vol —_; rapid flight. _Le cours de la rivière est —_; the current of the river is very swift. _— comme balle_; in no time, in a jiffy. =raide=, _adv._, quickly, swiftly; vigorously; tightly; toughly. =raideur=, _n.f._, stiffness, rigidity; inflexibility; tightness; toughness; steepness; swiftness, velocity. *=raidillon=, _n.m._, ascent; hillock. =raidir=, _v.a._, to stiffen, to render inflexible, to render rigid; to tighten; to toughen; (nav.) to haul taught. _se_ =raidir=, _v.r._, to stiffen; to become, to grow, to get stiff; to become inflexible, to get inflexible; to bear up against (fig.), to resist; to harden one’s self (against); to withstand; to bristle up; to toughen. =raidir=, _v.n._, to stiffen; to become, to grow, to get, stiff; to tighten; to toughen. =raie=, _n.f._, line, stroke; streak, stripe; (of hair) parting; (agri.) furrow; (ich.) ray, skate. _À —s_; striped. _Faire sa —_; to part one’s hair. _Étoffe à —s_; striped material. _— bouclée_; (ich.) thornback. _— mobular_; angel-fish. =raifort=, _n.m._, (bot.) radian, horse-radish. =rail=, _n.m._, (railways) rail. _— mobile_; switch-rail, point. _— ondulé_; fish-bellied rail. _— à ornière_; tram-rail. _Distance des —s dans œuvre_; gauge of way. *=railler=, _v.a._, to banter, to jeer, to rally, to joke, to jest. _se_ =railler=, _v.r._, to jest, to joke, to mock, to make game of. *=railler=, _v.n._, to jeer, to scoff; to joke, to jest, to laugh at. _— de tout_; to jeer at everything. _Ne raillez pas davantage_; no more of your jeering, jesting. _Je ne raille pas_; I am not joking. *=raillerie=, _n.f._, raillery, bantering, jesting, jest, joke, banter, jeer, mockery. _Tourner une chose en —_; to turn anything into a jest. _Entendre la —_; to joke well, to be a good hand at a joke. _Entendre —_; to take a joke, to take a jest. _C’est une — de croire que_; it is ridiculous to think that. _— à part_, _sans —_; seriously, in good earnest, without joking. _La — en est-elle?_ (fam.) is it a matter for jest, or joking? =railleu-r=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, banterer, jeerer, joker, scoffer, jester; bantering, jeering, joking, jesting, scoffing, fond of raillery. _D’un air —_; sneeringly. =railway=, _n.m._, railway. =rain=, _n.m._, skirt (of a wood). _V._ =lisière=. =rainceau=, _n.m._ _V._ =rinceau=. =raine=, _n.f._, (local expr.) frog. =rainette=, _n.f._, (erp.) tree-frog; (bot.) _V._ =reinette=. =rainure=, _n.f._, groove; rabbet; furrow, slot-hole, quirk. =raiponce=, _n.f._, (bot.) rampion, rampion bell-flower. =raire= _or_ =réer=, _v.n._, (hunt.) to bell, to croon. =rais=, _n.m._, spoke (of a wheel); ☉beam, ray (of light); (her.) beam. _— de cœur_; (arch.) ogee. =raisin=, _n.m._, grape, grapes. _Une grappe de —_; bunch of grapes. _Un grain de —_; a grape. _Un pépin de —_; a grapestone. _— de Corinthe_; (grocer’s) currants. _Des —s secs_; raisins. _— d’Amérique_; (bot.) poke-weed. _— d’ours_; bear’s whortleberry. _— de renard_; (bot.) herb-Paris, true-love. _Grand —_; royal (paper). =raisiné=, _n.m._, pear, quince, and grape preserve. =raisinier=, _n.m._, (bot.) grape-tree. =raison=, _n.f._, reason, sense, judgment, rationality; satisfaction; proof, ground, matter, argument; motive; rate; consideration; justice, right, excuse, answer; (com.) firm; share; ratio; (jur.) claim. _— sociale_; firm; name of a firm, style. _Sans —_; groundless, groundlessly. _—s d’état_; state reasons. _—s de famille_; family reasons. _Il n’a point de —_; he lacks sense, he is deficient in sense. _Mariage de —_; prudent marriage, marriage for money. _Parler —_; to talk sense, to talk sensibly. _Avoir —_; to be right. _Vous avez —_; you are right. _Donner — à quelqu’un_; to decide in favor of any one, to side with any one. _Plus que de —_; more than is reasonable, more than one ought to. _Entendre —_; to listen to reason. _Mettre quelqu’un à la —_; to bring any one to reason, to settle any one. _Comme de —_; as it is fit, of course, naturally. _Être de —_; imaginary being, creation of the brain. _Où force domine — n’a point lieu_; where force holds sway, there’s no room for reason. _Tirer — d’une injure_; to obtain satisfaction for an injury. _Se faire — soi-même_; to do one’s self justice, to take the law into one’s own hands. _Faire — à_; to pledge. _Faire — de_; to give satisfaction for. _Se faire une —_; to be guided by reason. _Se rendre à la —_; to yield to reason. _Rendre — de sa conduite_; to give an account of one’s conduct. _Ce n’est pas une —_; that does not follow. _Ne pas entendre —_; not to listen to reason. _Puissante —_; powerful argument. _— probable_; probable proof. _Point tant de —s_; don’t argue so much! _Grande —_; great cause. _Bonne —_; good grounds. _À plus forte —_; with greater reason _or_ force; a fortiori. _— de plus_; all the more reason. _Pour — de quoi_; for which cause, wherefore. _Pour — à moi connue_; for reasons best known to myself. _À — de_, _en — de_; in proportion to; according to; at the rate of. _En — de_; by reason of; in consideration of. _A telle fin que de —_; in case of need; according to circumstances; at all events; in any case. _Sous la — de_; (com.) under the style of. _Sa — est d’un tiers_; his interest (in the concern) stands at one third. _Livre de —_; ledger. =raisonnable=, _adj._, rational, reasonable, thinking, sensible; conscionable, just, wise; proper, right; adequate; moderate; fair; tolerable. _Pension —_; adequate pension. _Prix —_; moderate price. _Il est d’une taille —_; he is moderately tall, _or_ very fairly tall. =raisonnablement=, _adv._, reasonably, sensibly, agreeably to reason, wisely, fairly, justly, rationally; moderately, pretty well; tolerably. =raisonné=, =-e=, _adj._, rational, intelligent, supported by proof; analytical, studied, methodical, classified. =raisonnement= (rè-zo-n-mān), _n.m._, reasoning; argument, ratiocination, answer. _Faire des —s à perte de vue_; to reason vaguely, to wander from the point. _Point de —s_; no answers; none of your answers. =raisonner=, _v.n._, to reason, to argue, to discourse; to answer; to murmur; (nav.) to lie to, (in order to be searched). _— faux_ or _— à faux_; to reason falsely. _Faire — un vaisseau_; (nav.) to compel a ship to speak another. _V._ =arraisonner=. =raisonner=, _v.a._, to reason, to apply one’s reason to; to examine, to study, to consider; (nav.) to bring to and search. _se_ =raisonner=, _v.r._, to reason with one’s self; (of things) to be discussed, to be considered. =raisonneu-r=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, reasoner, arguer; logician; impertinent answerer; impertinent, insolent; answering when reprimanded. _Faire le —_; to argue, to answer, to grumble. =rajah= _or_ =raja=, _n.m._, raja, rajah. =rajeunir=, _v.a._, to make young; to make look younger, to give a young look; to restore to youth; to revive, to renew, to modernize, to prune, to lop (trees). _— des meubles_; to renew furniture. _se_ =rajeunir=, _v.r._, to make one’s self look younger. =rajeunir=, _v.n._, to grow young again, to be restored to youth; to look young again. =rajeunissant=, =-e=, _adj._, giving a youthful appearance to. =rajeunissement= (-nis-mān), _n.m._, growing young again, making young again; rejuvenescence, restoration to youth; renewal, renovation. =rajouter=, _v.a._, to add again _or_ more. =rajustement=, _n.m._, readjustment; putting _or_ setting in order, repairing; (fig.) reconciliation. =rajuster=, _v.a._, to readjust, to put to rights, to put _or_ set in order again; to settle; to reconcile. _— un habit_; to arrange a coat. _On les a rajustés_; they have been reconciled. _se_ =rajuster=, _v.r._, to readjust one’s self, _or_ one’s dress; to become reconciled. =râlant=, =-e=, _adj._, in death’s throes; dying. =râle=, _n.m._, (orni.) rail. _— de genêts_; land-rail. =râle=, _n.m._, rattling in the throat. _— de la mort_; death-rattle. =râlement= (râl-mān), _n.m._, rattling in the throat, death-rattle. =ralentir=, _v.a._, to abate, to slacken; to lessen, to diminish, to moderate, to mitigate. _— sa course_; to slacken one’s pace. _se_ =ralentir=, _v.r._, to slacken; to abate, to relax, to diminish; to grow remiss, to flag, to cool. =ralentissement= (-tis-mān), _n.m._, slackening, relenting, abatement, flagging, cooling. =râler=, _v.n._, to have the death-rattle; to be in the throes of death. =ralingue= (-lin-g), _n.f._, (nav.) bolt-rope (of a sail). _— de fond_; foot-rope. _— de chute_; leech-rope. _— de têtière_; head-rope. _Mettre une voile en —_; to let fly the sheets of a sail. _Mets en —!_ let the sails shiver in the wind! =ralinguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, (nav.) to sew the bolt-ropes to. _— une voile_; to sew the bolt-ropes to a sail. =ralinguer=, _v.n._, (nav.) to let fly the sheets of a sail (loose to the wind); to fly loose to the wind (of sails); to shiver. =ralliement= (-li-mān), _n.m._, rallying, rally. _Mot de —_; rallying-word or cry; countersign. _Signe de —_; rallying sign. _Point de —_; rallying-place. =rallier=, _v.a._, to rally, to join, to get near. _— le navire au vent_; (nav.) to haul to the wind again; to bring the ship into the wind. _se_ =rallier=, _v.r._, to rally, to join forces. =rallonge=, _n.f._, lengthening piece. _— d’une table_; leaf of a table. =rallongement= (ra-lonj-mān), _n.m._, lengthening. =rallonger=, _v.a._, to make longer, to lengthen. =rallumer=, _v.a._, to relight, to light again; to rekindle, to kindle again, to light up anew, to revive. _se_ =rallumer=, _v.r._, to light again; to burst, to break out again; to rekindle. =ramadan= _or_ =ramazan=, _n.m._, (Mahometan religion) Ramadan (feast of). =ramadouer=, _v.a._ _V._ =amadouer=. =ramage=, _n.m._, flowers (on stuffs); flowering; singing, chirping, warbling (of birds); prattle, prattling; (of peas) sticking. =ramagé=, =-e=, _adj._, flowered (of stuffs). =ramager=, _v.n._, (l.u.) to warble (of birds). =ramaigrir=, _v.a._ and _n._, to make lean, _or_ thin, again; to grow thin again. =ramaigrissement=, _n.m._, emaciation, leanness. *=ramaillage=, _n.m._, scraping off the hair (of skins). *=ramailler=, _v.a._, to scrape off the hair of skins (before they are shamoyed). =ramaire=, _adj._, (bot.) rameous. =ramas=, _n.m._, collection, heap; set, troop, lot, omnium-gatherum, scrapings, rakings, sweepings. _Un — de bandits_; (fam.) a set of robbers. =ramasse=, _n.f._, sledge (used on mountains). =ramassé=, =-e=, _adj._, thick-set; squat; huddled up, gathered up; compact; (bot.) clustered. _Corps —_; thick-set body. _Taille —e_; squat figure. =ramasser=, _n.m._, (l.u.) picking up. _Cela ne vaut pas le —_; (prov., fam.) that is not worth picking up, _or_ (fig.) not worth troubling about. =ramasser=, _v.a._, to collect, to gather, to get together, to rake together; to assemble; to pick up, to take up; (pop.) to belabor; to draw in (a mountain sledge). _— toutes ses forces_; to muster all one’s troops. _se_ =ramasser=, _v.r._, to assemble, to gather together; to be assembled; to roll itself up (animal); to pick one’s self up, to get up again, to be huddled up; to gather up one’s limbs. =ramasseur=, _n.m._, gatherer, collector; mountain sledge-driver. =ramassis=, _n.m._ _V._ =ramas=. =ramazan=, _n.m._ _V._ =ramadan=. =rambour=, _n.m._, a kind of apple. =rame=, _n.f._, oar; ream (of paper); (hort.) stick, prop; stick (for peas); (manu.) tenter-frame. _Être_, or _tirer_, _à la —_; to tug at the oar; to work hard. _Mettre un livre à la —_; to sell a book for waste-paper. _À la —_; rowing. _Aller à la —_; to row. =ramé=, =-e=, _adj._, branched (of peas), propped (of plants); bar, double-head (of shot); (hunt.) (of a young stag) horned. _Balles —es_; double shot. _Boulets —s_; bar-shot. =rameau=, _n.m._, bough, branch (of a tree); branch, subdivision; (anat.) branch. _Le dimanche_, _le jour_, _des —x_; Palm-Sunday. =ramée=, _n.f._, green boughs, green arbor, branches with their leaves, bower, cover. =ramenable=, _adj._, reclaimable. =ramendable=, _adj._, (tech.) mendable. =ramendage=, _n.m._, (tech.) mending (gilt). =ramender=, _v.a._, to lower the price of provisions (pop.); (agri.) to manure again; to mend (gilding); to dye again. =ramender=, _v.n._, (pop.) to fall in price (of provisions). =ramener=, _v.a._, to bring again; to bring back; to throw again (dice); to retrieve; to restore to health; to reclaim; (man.) to lower its head; to recall; to pacify, to bring over. _— une vieille mode_; to revive an old fashion. _— quelqu’un à son devoir_; to bring any one back to his duty. _— à la maison_; to bring home. _se_ =ramener=, _v.r._, (man.) to carry its head. _Se — bien_; to carry its head well. =ramequin= (ram-kīn), _n.m._, (cook.) ramekin, cheese-cake. =ramer=, _v.n._, to row, to pull; (tech.) to tenter; to tug at the oar; to work hard. =ramer=, _v.a._, to stick peas; to prop plants. _se_ =ramer=, _v.r._, to be propped. =ramereau= (ra-mrô), _n.m._, young ringdove. =ramette=, _n.f._, (print.) job-case, packet (of note paper). =rameur=, _n.m._, rower, oarsman. =rameu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, branching, branchy, ramous. _Tige —se_; branchy stalk. =ramier=, _n.m._, ringdove, wood-pigeon. =ramière=, _n.f._, row, _or_ bower, of trees _or_ shrubs. =ramification=, _n.f._, ramification, branch. _se_ =ramifier=, _v.r._, to ramify, to separate into branches, to branch out, to extend. *=ramilles=, _n.f.pl._, twigs; chatwood. =raminagrobis=, _n.m._, grimalkin. =ramingue= (ra-mīn-gh), _adj._, (man.) restive; jibbing. =ramoitir=, _v.a._, to moisten, to make damp. _se_ =ramoitir=, _v.r._, to become damp. =ramollir=, _v.a._, to soften, to make soft; (fig.) to enervate. _— les cuirs_, to soak the hides. _se_ =ramollir=, _v.r._, to soften, to grow soft; (fig.) to relent. =ramollissant=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) softening, emollient. =ramollissant=, _n.m._, (med.) emollient. =ramollissement= (-lis-mān), _n.m._, softening. _— du cerveau_; softening of the brain. =ramon=, _n.m._, garden-broom, besom; sweep’s apparatus. =ramonage=, _n.m._, sweeping (of a chimney). =ramoner=, _v.a._, to sweep (a chimney). =ramoneur=, _n.m._, chimney-sweeper, sweep. =rampant=, =-e=, _adj._, creeping, crawling; (fig.) cringing, crouching, servile; (her.) rampant. _Lierre —_; creeping-ivy. =rampant=, _n.m._, (arch.) coping. =rampe=, _n.f._, flight of stairs; stairs; handrail, baluster; slope, incline, gradient; (fig.) stage; (thea.) foot-lamps, foot-lights; (engineering) inclined plane. =rampement= (rānp-mān), _n.m._, creeping, crawling (reptiles). =ramper=, _v.n._, to creep, to crawl; (fig.) to crouch, to cringe, to truckle, to grovel. _Son style rampe_; his style is low, flat, prosy. =rampin=, _adj.m._ _V._ =pinçard=. =rampiste=, _n.m._, baluster-maker. =ramure=, _n.f._, branches, boughs, antlers (of a stag). =rancart=, _n.m._, (fam.) refuse, waste. _Mettre au —_; to throw aside, to cast off, to lay aside, to do away with; (fig.) to put on the shelf. =rance=, _adj._, rancid, rank, rusty. =rance=, _n.m._, rancidness. _Sentir le —_; to smell rancid. =rancette=, _n.f._, sheet-iron (for stove pipes). =ranche=, _n.f._, round of a rack-ladder; rack (of a crane); peg. =rancher=, _n.m._, rack-ladder; roost-ladder. =ranci=, =-e=, _adj._, grown rancid; rank. =rancidité= _or_ =rancissure=, _n.f._, rancidness, rancidity. _se_ =rancir=, _v.r._, to grow rancid. =rancissure=, _n.f._ _V._ =rancidité=. =rançon=, _n.f._, ransom. _Mettre à —_; to demand, or exact, ransom of. =rançonnement= (-so-n-mān), _n.m._, ransoming, exaction, extortion. =rançonner=, _v.a._, to ransom; to set a ransom upon; to levy contributions, to tax; (fig.) to impose upon; to fleece. =rançonneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (fam. l.u.) extortioner. =rancune=, _n.f._, rancor, spite, grudge, ill-feeling, malice. _Vieille —_; old grudge. _Il lui garde —_; he owes him a grudge. _Sans —_; without ill-feeling. =rancuni-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, rancorous, spiteful. =randonnée=, _n.f._, (hunt.) round, circuit, doubling (of game); ☉(fig.) long walk. =rang= (ran), _n.m._, row, line, range; rank (degree, station); order; class; rate (of ships); (print.) frame; (nav.) tier (of cables); tier (of boxes in theaters). _Dernier —_; lowest rank. _Au même —_; in the same row. _À son —_; in one’s turn. _De premier —_; first rate. _Occuper un — élevé_; to rank high. _Tenir un —_; to hold a rank, to make a figure. _Se mettre sur les —s_; to enter the lists, to come forward (as a candidate); to put up (for); to stand (for). _Être sur les —s_; to be a candidate (for). _Il aspire au premier —_; he aspires to the first place. _Mettre au — de ses amis_; to reckon amongst one’s friends. _Tel qui brille au second — s’éclipse au premier_; a good subordinate often makes a bad leader. _En — d’oignon_; (prov.) in a row. _V._ =oignon=. =rangé=, =-e=, _part._, steady; pitched (of battles). _Bataille —e_; pitched battle. _En bataille —e_; in a pitched battle. _Un homme —_; a steady man. =rangée=, _n.f._, row, range, file, line, tier, set. =rangement=, _n.m._, arranging, putting in order, binning (wine). =ranger=, _v.a._, to range, to put in ranks, to arrange; to put, to set, in order; to set to rights; to subdue, to subject; to rank; to reckon; to keep back; to put out of the way; to bin (wine); (nav.) to sail close to; (milit.) to draw up (soldiers). _— des gens deux à deux_; to place people in double file. _— des livres_; to set books in order. _— une armée en bataille_; to draw up an army in battle array. _Les gardes firent — le peuple_; the guards kept the people back. _Rangez cette table_; put that table back, out of the way. _— la terre_, _la côte_; (nav.) to hug the shore. _— le vent_; (nav.) to haul close to the wind. _se_ =ranger=, _v.r._, to make room, to make way (for), to draw back, to step aside, to stand aside, to clear the way, to get out of the way; to reform, to take to regular habits; to draw up (of carriages, of troops); to fall in (of soldiers); to veer (of the wind). _Il se rangea dans un coin_; he drew aside into a corner. _Rangez-vous donc!_ make room, will you! _Les troupes se rangèrent en bataille_; the troops drew up in order of battle. _Se — à l’avis de quelqu’un_; to come over (to), or fall in (with), another’s opinion. _Se — du parti de quelqu’un_; to go over to a person’s side. _Il s’est rangé_; he has settled down (after sowing his wild oats). _Le vent se range à l’arrière_; (nav.) the wind is veering aft. =rangette=, _n.f._, sheet-iron. =rangeur=, _n.m._, binner (of wine). =ranimer=, _v.a._, to restore, to revive, to animate; to reanimate; to stir up; to enliven; to cheer up. _— les couleurs d’un tableau_; to revive the colors of a picture. _Le printemps ranime toute la nature_; the spring revives all nature. _se_ =ranimer=, _v.r._, to revive, to recover, to be restored to health; to brighten up, to be enlivened; to cheer up. _La nature se ranime_; nature revives. =ranule= _or_ =grenouillette=, _n.f._, (med.) ranula. =ranz=, _n.m._, ranz, air, tune. _— des vaches_; song of the Swiss neatherds. =raout=, _n.m._, rout, party. =rapace=, _adj._, rapacious; (metal.) wasting. =rapace=, _n.m._, rapacious person; rapacious bird. _pl._, (orni.) birds of prey. =rapacement=, _adv._, rapaciously. =rapacité=, _n.f._, rapacity, rapaciousness. =râpage=, _n.m._, rasping, grating. =rapaisement=, _n.m._, reappeasement. =rapaiser=, _v.a._, to pacify, to appease again. =rapatelle=, _n.f._, horsehair cloth (for sieves). =rapatriage=, _n.m._, reconciliation, reconcilement. =rapatriement= (-trî-mān), _n.m._, repatriation, the sending back of shipwrecked sailors, etc., to their country (by consuls); return of troops from distant countries; recalling; (l.u.) reconciliation, reconcilement. =rapatrier=, _v.a._, to repatriate, to send back, to recall; to reconcile, to set to rights, to make friends again. _On les a rapatriés_; they have been reconciled. _se_ =rapatrier=, _v.r._, to return to one’s native country, to return home; to be reconciled; to be friends again, to make it up. =râpe=, _n.f._, grater; rasp; stalk; stem of grapes, _V._ =rafle=. _pl._, (vet.) malanders, _V._ =malandre=. =râpé=, _n.m._, rape-wine (fresh grapes put into a vessel of spoiled wine to improve it); rappee. _— de copeaux_; chips to clarify wine. =râpé=, =-e=, _part._, (of clothes) shabby, threadbare, seedy, worn out. _Du tabac —_; rappee. _Un habit —_; a threadbare coat. =râper=, _v.a._, to grate, to rasp. _Se —_; to be rasped; (fig.) to become threadbare, to be worn out. =rapetassage=, _n.m._, patching, mending, cobbling. =rapetasser= (rap-ta-sé), _v.a._, to patch, to patch up, to piece, to botch, to mend, to cobble. =rapetasseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, botcher, piecer, cobbler; (fig.) compiler, adapter. =rapetissement=, _n.m._, shortening; (fig.) belittling. =rapetisser= (rap-ti-sé), _v.a._, to belittle, to dwarf, to shorten, to make less, shorter, smaller. _se_ =rapetisser=, _v.r._, to become little, to lessen, to shrink; to humble, _or_ lower, one’s self. =rapetisser=, _v.n._, to become little, to lessen, to grow short, to shrink. =râpette=, _n.f._, (bot.) goose-grass. =rapide=, _adj._, rapid, swift, quick, fleet, fast; hasty, sudden. _À l’aile —_; swift-winged. =rapide=, _n.m._, rapid. _Le —_; the fast, _or_ express, train. =rapidement= (-pid-mān), _adv._, rapidly, swiftly, fleetly, lightly, fast; suddenly. =rapidité=, _n.f._, rapidity, swiftness, fleetness; speed; suddenness; steepness. =rapiéçage=, _n.m._, patching, piecing. =rapiècement= (-piès-mān), _n.m._, piecing, patching, botching. =rapiécer=, _v.a._, to piece, to botch, to patch, to mend. =rapiécetage= (-piés-taj), _n.m._, piecing, patching; patchwork. =rapiéceter= (-piés-té), _v.a._, to patch, to piece, to botch; to piece all over. _— des meubles_; to botch up furniture. =rapiéceur=, _n.m._, patcher, mender. =rapière=, _n.f._, (jest.) rapier. =rapin=, _n.m._, (fam.) painter’s pupil; (b.s.) dauber. =rapinade=, _n.f._, daub. =rapine=, _n.f._, rapine, plunder, pillage, robbery, plundering, pillaging, spoil. =rapiner=, _v.n._ and _a._, to pillage, to rob, to pilfer, to peculate. =rapineu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, plunderer, pilferer, pillager. *=rappareiller=, _v.a._, to match. =rapparier=, _v.a._, to match. =rappel=, _n.m._, recall, recalling, revocation, call (to order); (milit.) drums beating to arms _or_ quarters; unpaid part (of a salary). _— à l’ordre_; call to order. _— de lumière_; (paint.) distribution of light. _Battre le —_; (milit.) to beat to arms, or to quarters. =rappeler= (ra-plé), _v.a._, to call again, to call back; to recall, to call home, to summon up, to muster; to restore; to recall to mind. _Je m’en allais, et il m’a rappelé_; I was going, and he called me back. _— quelqu’un à la vie_; to restore any one to life. _— un homme à son devoir_; to recall a man to his duty. _— quelqu’un à l’ordre_; to call any one to order. _— ses esprits_; to recover one’s self. _— le temps passé_; to recall the past. _Rappelez-moi à son bon souvenir_; remember me kindly to him. _— la lumière_; (paint.) to distribute the light. _se_ =rappeler=, _v.r._, to recollect, to remember, to recall to mind. _Se — quelque chose_; to remember anything. _Vous rappelez-vous?_ do you remember? _Je me le rappelle parfaitement_; I recollect it very well. _Je me rappelle que vous me l’avez dit_; I recollect your telling me so. _Je me rappelle d’avoir fait cela_; I recollect having done that. =rappeler=, _v.n._, (milit.) to beat to arms, or to quarters. =rapport=, _n.m._, bearing; revenue; produce; report, account, information, relation, testimony, evidence; tale, story; return; statement; affinity, analogy, resemblance, similitude; harmony, correspondence, uniformity; connection, reference; communication, intercourse, concern; tendency; ratio, proportion; reimbursement, refunding; rising (in the stomach). _Être en —_; to be productive, to be in bearing (of land). _Être en plein —_; to be in full bearing; to be very productive. _Belle montre et peu de —_; a fine show and a small crop. _Faire un —_; to draw up a report, to make a return. _Aimer à faire des —s_; to love to tell tales. _Il en a fait son —_; he has sent in his report. _Le style n’est pas en — avec le sujet_; the style is not in harmony, or in keeping, with the subject. _Avoir — à_; to relate to, to refer to; to have relation to. _Il n’y a aucun — entre ces choses_; there is no connection between these things. _Mettre une personne en — avec une autre_; to bring a person into contact with another; to bring any two persons together. _Par — à_; with reference to. _Il a fait cela par — à vous_; he did that on your account. _Sous le — de_; with respect to. _Terres de —_; artificial soil, made soil. _Pièces de —_; patch-work, inlaid work. _Sous tous les —s_; in all respects, in every respect. =rapportable=, _adj._, (jur.) that must be refunded, restorable. =rapporté=, =-e=, _part._, brought back; (com.) brought over _or_ forward. _Ouvrage de pièces —es_; inlaid work. _Terres —es_; artificial soil, made soil. =rapporter=, _v.a._, to bring again, to bring back, to carry back; to bring away, to bring home; to bring home again; to carry home; to account for; to revoke, to recall; to report, to tell, to relate, to give an account of; to cite, to quote; to direct, to refer to; to ascribe, to attribute; to yield, to bear; to bring in; to reimburse; (book-keeping) to carry forward; to trace; to set down; (com.) to post (in ledgers). _Il n’en a rapporté que des coups_; he only got blows by it. _— un fait comme il s’est passé_; to relate a fact as it happened. _Il rapporte tout_; he tells everything. _— tout à soi_; to think of nothing but self. _— l’effet à sa cause_; to refer the effect to its cause. _Une terre qui rapporte beaucoup_; an estate that yields a good income. _Des arbres qui rapportent beaucoup_; trees that bear a great deal of fruit. _Son argent lui rapporte six pour cent_; his money brings him in six per cent. _Cette mauvaise action ne lui rapportera rien_; this bad action will avail him nothing (com.). _— du journal au grand livre_; to post from the journal to the ledger. _se_ =rapporter=, _v.r._, to agree, to correspond, to tally, to coincide, to blend; to relate, to refer, to have reference to, to allude to, to be allied, related to. _Ces deux couleurs se rapportent bien_; these two colors blend well together. _S’en rapporter à_; to leave it to (any one). _Je m’en rapporte à vous_; I leave it to you; I trust to you. _Je m’en rapporte à votre témoignage_; I abide by what you say. _S’il faut s’en rapporter aux anciennes traditions_; if we are to believe ancient traditions. _Je m’en rapporterai à qui que ce soit_; I will refer the thing to anybody. _Je m’en rapporte à votre serment_; I abide (by) your oath _or_ I refer you (to) your oath. =rapporter=, _v.n._, to fetch and bring (of the dog); to bring in, to produce; to tell tales; to pay well, to be profitable. =rapporteur=, _n.m._, reporter, stenographer; (geom.) protractor. _— d’un comité_; committee reporter. =rapporteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, tell-tale, tale-bearer. =rapprendre=, _v.a._, to learn again, to learn anew. =rapprivoiser=, _v.a._, to tame again. =rapprochement= (-prosh-mān), _n.m._, drawing, placing near, bringing together; junction; reconcilement, reconciliation; putting together, comparing; comparison. =rapprocher=, _v.a._, to draw near again, to approach again; to bring together; to set in opposition, to compare; to bring nearer. _— deux personnes_; to bring two persons together, to reconcile two persons. _Rapprochez ces deux planches_; bring these two planks closer. _— un cerf_; to put hounds on the track of a stag. _se_ =rapprocher=, _v.r._, to come near again; to come, to draw, nearer; to be brought together; to approach, to approximate, to resemble, to begin to be friends again, to become reconciled. =rapsode=, _n.m._, (Grec. antiq.) rhapsodist. =rapsodie=, _n.f._, rhapsody; rambling composition. =rapsodiste=, _n.m._, rhapsodist. =rapt=, _n.m._, abduction, rape. =râpure=, _n.f._, raspings. =raquetier=, _n.m._, racket-maker; battledore-maker. =raqueton=, _n.m._, large racket. =raquette=, _n.f._, racket, battledore; snow-shoe; (bot.) Indian fig, opuntia. =rare=, _adj._, rare, uncommon, extraordinary; unusual, singular; scarce; thin, scanty, sparse; (med.) slow (of the pulse). _Devenir — comme les beaux jours_; to become quite a stranger. _Se rendre —_; to make one’s self scarce. _Vous devenez bien —_; you are quite a stranger. =raréfacti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, rarefying. =raréfaction=, _n.f._, (phys.) rarefaction. =raréfiable=, _adj._, (phys.) that can be rarefied. =raréfiant=, =-e=, _adj._, rarefying. _se_ =raréfier=, _v.n._, to rarefy, to become rarefied. =rarement= (rar-mān), _adv._, rarely, seldom, unfrequently, not often. =rareté= (rar-té), _n.f._, rarity, rareness, scarcity, singularity. =rarissime=, _adj._, very rare, most rare. =ras=, =-e=, _adj._, close-shaved, short-haired; shorn, shaved, close, bare; smooth, open, flat; short-naped; (nav.) low-built, flat-bottomed, undecked. _Un chien à poil —_; a short-haired dog. _Il a la tête —e_; his head is shorn. _Il a le menton —_; he has a bare, smooth, chin. _Il porte la barbe —e_; he shaves close. _Du velours —_; shorn velvet. _Etoffe —e_; smooth stuff. _Serge —e_; napless serge. —_e campagne_; open country. _Vaisseau —_, or _vaisseau — à l’eau_; straight-sheered ship. _Faire table —e_; to clear the board of. _A —e terre_; level with the ground. =ras=, _n.m._, short-nap cloth. _— de carène_; (nav.) shipwright’s floating stage. _Au — de_, _à —_; nearly level with. _— de marée_; (nav.) tide-way race. _À — de terre_; almost touching the ground; skimming the ground. _V._ =raz=. =rasade=, _n.f._, bumper, brimmer. _Boire une —_; to drink a bumper. =rasant=, =-e=, _adj._, shaving, grazing; sweeping; (fort.) rasant; (milit.) flank. _Vue —e_; view of a flat, open country. =rasement= (raz-mān), _n.m._, shaving; (milit.) razing _or_ leveling to the ground. =raser=, _v.a._, to shave; to shave off to demolish, to pull down, to raze to the ground; to graze, to touch; to skim over; to lay flat; to glance over, to touch lightly, to suppress; to cut down, to disable (a ship). _Se faire —_; to get (one’s self) shaved. _— une maison_; to pull down a house. _— un vaisseau_; to cut down a ship. _Une balle lui rasa le visage_; a ball grazed his face. _— la côte_; (nav.) to hug the coast. _— l’air_; to hover. _se_ =raser=, _v.r._, to shave, to shave one’s self, to be shaved. _Cette perdrix se rase_; this partridge keeps close to the ground. =raser=, _v.n._, to shave; to pass very close to; (vet.) to raze, to be aged. _Ce cheval rase_; this horse is aged. =rase-tapis=, _n.m._, (of horses) daisy-cutter. =rasibus= (-bus), _prep._, (pop.) quite close. _Couper —_; to cut off quite close. =rasoir=, _n.m._, razor; (fig. and pop.) a bore. _Pierre à —_; hone. _Cuir à —_; razor-strop. _Repasser un —_; to set a razor. =rason=, _n.m._, (ich.) razor-fish. =rassade=, _n.f._, glass-bead, bugle. =rassasiant=, =-e=, _adj._, satiating, filling, cloying. =rassasiement= (-zi-mān), _n.m._, satiety; surfeit. =rassasier=, _v.a._, to sate, to satiate; to satisfy, to fill; to cloy, to glut, to surfeit. _Être rassasié d’une chose_; to be tired of a thing. _Il n’est jamais rassasié d’argent_; he can never have enough money. _se_ =rassasier=, _v.r._, to be satiated; to sate one’s self with; to be cloyed with; to take one’s fill of. =rassemblement=, _n.m._, assembling; muster, mustering, collecting; riotous meeting, mob; assemblage. _Disperser un —_; to disperse a mob. =rassembler=, _v.a._, to collect, to assemble, to reassemble, to gather together, to bring together again; to put together again; to get together, to muster. _— des troupes_; to muster troops. _— des matériaux pour un ouvrage_; to collect materials for a work. _se_ =rassembler=, _v.r._, to assemble, to gather together, to congregate, to meet, to unite, to muster. _Se — en foule_; to flock, to crowd. =rasseoir= (ra-soâr), _v.a._, to seat again, to reseat; to replace, to put in its place again; to settle, to calm, to compose, to appease. _— une statue sur sa base_; to replace a statue on its base. _— une pierre_; to replace a stone. _Donnez-lui le temps de — ses esprits_; give him time to compose himself. _se_ =rasseoir=, _v.r._, to sit down again, to be seated again; to settle (of liquids); to be composed. =rasseoir=, _v.n._, to settle (of liquids). _Laissez — ce café_; let that coffee settle. =rasséréner=, _v.a._, to make serene, to clear up; to restore serenity to. _Le soleil parut et rasséréna le temps_; the sun shone out and cleared up the weather. _se_ =rasséréner=, _v.r._, to clear up, to recover one’s serenity; to brighten up. =rassiéger=, _v.a._, to besiege again; to beset again. =rassis=, =-e=, _part._, set down again; settled. =rassis=, _adj._, cool, staid, sedate, sober-minded. _Du pain —_; stale bread. _De sang —_; in cool blood. _De sens —_; with sound judgment, dispassionate, unmoved. _Esprit —_; sober mind. =rassis=, _n.m._, old horse-shoe reset; (fig.) soberness (in Montaigne). =rassortiment=, _n.m._, rematching (of colors, materials); re-sorting; taking in a stock of goods for a season, etc., restocking. =rassortir=, _v.a._, to sort, _or_ match, again. =rassurance=, _n.f._, reassurance. =rassurant=, =-e=, _adj._, tranquillizing; encouraging, comforting, reassuring. =rassurer=, _v.a._, to strengthen; to remove any one’s fears; to consolidate; to make firm; to tranquillize, to reassure, to comfort, to satisfy, to cheer. _se_ =rassurer=, _v.r._, to tranquillize one’s self; to recover one’s self, to be reassured; to set one’s mind at rest; (of the weather) to settle, to clear up. _Rassurez-vous_; set your mind at rest. =rat=, _n.m._, rat; whim, crotchet, fad; niggard; taper. _— d’eau_; water-rat. _— de Pharaon_; ichneumon. _Mort aux —s_; rat’s-bane. _Un nid à —s_; a sorry lodging. _Gueux comme un — d’église_; as poor as a church mouse. _À bon chat bon —_; set a thief to catch a thief. _— de cave_; small wax taper; exciseman. _Avoir des —s_; to be whimsical. _— de l’opéra_; ballet-girl. _Prendre un —_; to miss fire. _— d’église_; church-goer. =ratafia=, _n.m._, ratafia. =ratang=, _n.m._, ratan. =ratanhia=, _n.m._, (bot., med.) rhatany. =ratata=, _n.m._, drum-beating. =ratatiné=, =-e=, _adj._, shriveled, shriveled up; shrunk. _Un petit vieillard —_; a little withered old man. _se_ =ratatiner=, _v.r._, to shrink, to shrivel, to shrivel up. *=ratatouille=, _n.f._, (cook.) bad stew (made of scraps of meat). =rate=, _n.f._, spleen, milt. _Avoir des vapeurs de —_; to be troubled with the spleen. _Epanouir la —_; to drive away the spleen, to make merry. _S’épanouir la —_; to drive away one’s spleen, to be merry. =râteau=, _n.m._, (agri.) rake, bow (of a scythe); (horl., nav.) rack. =râtelage= (râ-tlaj), _n.m._, (agri.) raking. =râtelée= (râ-tlée), _n.f._, raking; rakeful. =râteler= (râ-tlé), _v.a._, to rake. =râteleur= (râ-tleur), _n.m._, raker. =rateleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, splenetic. =râtelier=, _n.m._, rack (in stables); set of teeth; (milit.) arm-rack; (nav.) rack. _Manger à plus d’un —_; to have more than one string to one’s bow. _Mettre les armes au —_; to quit the service. =ratelle=, _n.f._, disease (of pigs). =rater=, _v.n._, to miss fire; to flash in the pan, to miscarry. _Son fusil rata_; his gun missed fire. =rater=, _v.a._, to miss; not to obtain; to fail in. _— une charge_; to miss a place. ☉=rati-er=, =-ère= (-tié, -tièr), _adj._, whimsical. _n.m._, ratter, rat-catcher. =ratière= (-tièr), _n.f._, rat-trap. =ratification=, _n.f._, ratification. =ratifier=, _v.a._, to ratify. *=ratillon=, _n.m._, little rat. =ratine=, _n.f._, ratteen, patersham, frieze cloth. =ratiné=, =-e=, _adj._, friezed. =ratiner=, _v.a._, (manu.) to frieze. =ratiocination=, _n.f._, ratiocination, reasoning. =ratiociner=, _v.a._, to ratiocinate, to reason. =ration=, _n.f._, ration, allowance. _Mettre à la —_; to allowance. _— diminuée_; short allowance. =rational=, _n.m._, breast-plate (Jew. rel.). =rationalisme=, _n.m._, rationalism. =rationaliste=, _n.m._, rationalist. =rationalité=, _n.f._, rationality. =rationnel=, =-le=, _adj._, rational. _Horizon —_; rational horizon. _Quantité —le_; rational quantity. =rationnellement= (-nèl-mān), _adv._, rationally. =rationnement=, _n.m._, short allowance. =rationner=, _v.a._, to allowance, to put on short allowance. =ratissage=, _n.m._, scraping, raking. =ratisser=, _v.a._, to rake; to scrape, to scrape off. =ratissoire=, _n.f._, scraper. =ratissure=, _n.f._, scrapings. =raton=, _n.m._, (mam.) raccoon; (fam.) little rat; (pers.) ducky, darling; (in fables) mouser. =rattacher=, _v.a._, to tie again, to tie up again; to fasten again, to fasten up again; to connect, to attach. _— par une chaîne_; to chain up again. _— une question à une autre_; to connect one question with another. _se_ =rattacher=, _v.r._, to be tied; to fasten, to be fastened; to fasten upon; to be attached to, to be connected _or_ allied (with). =ratteindre=, _v.a._, to retake, to catch again, to take again; to overtake, to come up again (with). =rattendrir=, _v.a._, to soften again, to make tender again, to move again. =rattiser=, _v.a._, to stir up the fire again; to stir up again. _V._ =attiser=. =rattraper=, _v.a._, to retake, to catch again, to overtake, to come up again (with), to recover. _On a rattrapé le prisonnier_; the prisoner has been retaken. _Bien fin qui m’y rattrapera_; once bit, twice shy. _se_ =rattraper=, _v.r._, to catch hold of; to compensate one’s self; to win back one’s losses; to make up for. =rature=, _n.f._, erasure, scratch; word crossed out. =raturer=, _v.a._, to efface; to blot out; to erase, to scratch _or_ cross out; to scrape (skins). =raucité=, _n.f._, raucity, hoarseness. =rauque=, _adj._, hoarse. =ravage=, _n.m._, ravage, havoc, waste. _Faire des —s_; to commit ravages. =ravager=, _v.a._, to ravage, to lay waste, to spoil. =ravageur=, _n.m._, ravager, spoiler. =ravale=, _n.f._, roller (to smooth the ground). =ravalement= (-val-mān), _n.m._, (l.u.) debasement, disparagement; (mas.) rough-casting; (arch.) finishing off. _Piano à —_; piano-forte with a double row of keys. =ravaler=, _v.a._, to swallow again; to put down, to run down, to lower; to press, to roll (land); to debase, to disparage; (mas.) to rough-cast. _— la gloire de_; to run down the glory of. _se_ =ravaler=, _v.r._, to debase one’s self; to lower one’s self. =ravaudage=, _n.m._, mending (of old clothes); botching, bungling; darning stockings. =ravauder=, _v.a._, to mend (old clothes); to botch, to botch up; to revile; to plague, to tease, to bustle about (in-doors). _— des bas_; to darn stockings. =ravauderie= (-vô-drî), _n.f._, (fam.) silly stuff, nonsense, trash. _Dire des —s_; to talk nonsense. =ravaudeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, mender (of stockings, old clothes); botcher, patcher; twaddler. =rave=, _n.f._, long radish, radish, colerape, turnip, beet. =ravelin= (ra-vlin), _n.m._, (fort.) ravelin. =ravenelle= (ra-vnèl), _n.f._, wall-flower. =ravi=, =-e=, _part._, carried away, transported; raptured; ravished, overjoyed, glad, delighted. _Être — de joie_; to be overjoyed. _J’en suis —_; I am delighted at it. _— d’admiration_; carried away by admiration. _Je suis — que vous la connaissiez_; I am delighted you know her. =ravière=, _n.f._, radish-bed. =ravigote=, _n.f._, (cook.) sharp sauce. =ravigoter=, _v.a._, (pop.) to revive the appetite of, to enliven, to cheer. _se_ =ravigoter=, _v.r._, to revive, to recover one’s strength, one’s appetite. =ravilir=, _v.a._, to debase, to disgrace, to degrade, to lower. _V._ =avilir=. =ravin=, _n.m._, ravine, hollow road. =ravine=, _n.f._, mountain torrent; gully, ravine. =ravinement=, _n.m._, gullying. =raviner=, _v.a._, to gully (land). =ravir=, _v.a._, to carry off; to take away; to ravish, to rob of; to charm, to delight, to enrapture. _— le bien d’autrui_; to steal the property of another. _— l’honneur à une fille_; to dishonor a girl. _On lui a ravi son plus doux espoir_; he has been robbed of his dearest hope. _À —_; wonderfully well, to admiration, admirably. _Elle chante à —_; she sings admirably. =ravisement=, _n.m._, thinking better of; altering one’s mind, second thought, after thought. _se_ =raviser=, _v.r._, to alter one’s mind, to bethink one’s self; to think better of it. =ravissant=, =-e=, _adj._, rapacious, ravenous; admirable, ravishing, delightful, lovely, enchanting, charming. =ravissement= (-vis-mān), _n.m._, rape; transport, rapture, ravishment, delight. _Il était dans le —_; he was in raptures. _— de joie_; transport of joy. =ravisseur=, _n.m._, ravisher. *=ravitaillement=, _n.m._, revictualing; (fig.) recruiting. *=ravitailler=, _v.a._, to revictual. _Se —_; to recruit. =raviver=, _v.a._, to make a fire burn up; to revive; to reanimate; to brighten up, to cheer, to rouse. _— un tableau_; to revive a picture. _se_ =raviver=, _v.r._, to revive. =ravoir=, _v.a._, to get again, to have again; to get back, to recover. _se_ =ravoir=, _v.r._, to recover one’s strength, to recruit, to pick up, to pick up one’s crumbs. =rayé=, =-e=, _part._, striped, streaked; (artil.) rifled, grooved; scratched, scratched out, crossed out. _Vaisselle —e_; scratched plate. _Des mots —s_; words crossed out. _Canon —_; rifled cannon. =rayer=, _v.a._, to scratch (plate, dishes, etc.), to scratch out; to cross or strike out, to erase, to expunge, to streak, to stripe; (artil.) to rifle, to groove. _— une étoffe_; to stripe a stuff. _Rayez cela de vos papiers_; strike that out of your book; (fig.) look upon it as a bad debt. _— d’une liste_; to strike off a list. _— du papier_; to rule paper. _— le canon d’un fusil_; to rifle a gun-barrel. =rayère=, _n.f._, loop-hole (in towers). =rayeur=, _n.m._, ruler (instr.). =ray-grass=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) (bot.) rye-grass. =rayon=, _n.m._, ray, beam, gleam; (geom.) radius; spoke (of a wheel); (ich.) ray; (agri.) furrow; shelf; comb (of honey). _— de lumière_; ray of light. _Faisceau de —s_; (opt.) pencil of rays. _Un — d’espérance_; a ray of hope. _À dix lieues de —_, _dans un — de dix lieues_; within a radius of ten leagues. _Une étoile à cinq —s_; a star with five rays. _— de miel_; honey-comb. =rayonnant=, =-e=, _adj._, radiant, shining, sparkling, beaming. _— de lumière_; beaming with light. =rayonné=, =-e=, _adj._, radiated, stellated; (of rooms) shelved. =rayonné=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) radiary. _pl._, radiata. =rayonnement= (rè-io-n-mān), _n.m._, radiance; radiancy; (phys.) radiation. _Le — des astres_; the radiation of the stars. =rayonner=, _v.n._, to radiate, to irradiate; to shine; to beam; to glisten; to trace furrows or lines. _Son visage rayonne de joie_; his face is radiant with joy. _v.a._, to shelve (a room). =rayure=, _n.f._, stripe (of textile fabrics); streak; scratch, groove; rifling (fire-arms). =raz=, _n.m._, (nav.) race, bore. _— de marée_; bore, eagre (rush of water up an estuary; wave caused by the meeting of two tides). =razzia=, _n.f._, (_—s_) (milit.) raid, foray, razzia; inroad; (fig.) clean sweep. =ré=, _n.m._, (mus.) D; (vocal mus.) re, D. =re=, =ré=, prefix from Latin _re_, _red_. =réabonnement=, _n.m._, renewed subscription. _se_ =réabonner=, _v.r._, to subscribe again; to renew one’s subscription. =réabsorber=, _v.a._, to reabsorb. =réabsorption=, _n.f._, reabsorption. =réact-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, (pol., l.u.) reactionary. =réacti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, reactive. =réactif=, _n.m._, (chem.) reagent, test. =réaction=, _n.f._, reaction. =réactionnaire=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, reactionist; reactionary. =réactionner=, _v.a._, to sue again. =réactionner=, _v.n._, to react. =réadmettre=, _v.a._, to readmit, to admit again. =réadmission=, _n.f._, readmission, readmittance. =réadopter=, _v.a._, to readopt. =réadoption=, _n.f._, readoption. =réafficher=, _v.a._, to stick _or_ post up again. =réaffirmer=, _v.a._, to reaffirm. =réaggrave=, _n.f._, (canon law) reaggravation. =réaggraver=, _v.a._, (canon law) to censure by a reaggravation. =réagir=, _v.n._, to react. =réajournement=, _n.m._, readjournment; fresh summons. =réajourner=, _v.a._, to readjourn. =réal=, _n.m._ (_réaux_), _or_ =réale=, _n.f._ (_réales_), real (Spanish coin = 5 cents). =réal=, =-e=, _adj._, royal, of the royal galley. =réale=, _n.f._, royal galley (old). =réalgar=, _n.m._, (min.) realgar. =réalisable=, _adj._, realizable. =réalisation=, _n.f._, realization; (fin.) conversion into money. =réaliser=, _v.a._, to realize; to convert into money. _se_ =réaliser=, _v.r._, to be realized, to be converted into money; (fig.) to come to pass. =réalisme=, _n.m._, realism. =réaliste=, _n.m.f._, realist. =réalité=, _n.f._, reality; (theol.) real presence. _En —_; in reality; in fact, indeed. =réapparition=, _n.f._, reappearance. =réappel=, _n.m._, second call, second call over. =réappeler=, _v.a._, to call over a second time. =réapposer=, _v.a._, to reaffix, to put on again, to set on again; to reappend. =réapposition=, _n.f._, reaffixing, reappending; putting on again. =réargenter=, _v.a._, to resilver, to replate. =réargenture=, _n.f._, resilvering, replating. =réarmement=, _n.m._, arming again, re-arming. =réarmer=, _v.a._, to arm again. =réarpentage=, _n.m._, resurvey. =réarpenter=, _v.a._, to resurvey. =réassemblage=, _n.m._, reassemblage. =réassembler=, _v.a._, to reassemble, to gather together again. =réasservir=, _v.a._, to subjugate, enslave again. *=réassignation=, _n.f._, fresh summons, reassignment, new subpœna. *=réassigné=, =-e=, _part._, summoned again, reassigned. *=réassigner=, _v.a._, to reassign, to resummon, to summon again. =réassurance=, _n.f._, reinsurance, reassurance. =réassurer=, _v.a._, to reinsure, to reassure. =réatteler=, _v.a._, (of horses) to put to again. =rebaigner=, _v.a._, to bathe again. _Se —_; to bathe again. *=rebâiller=, _v.n._, to yawn again. =rebaiser=, _v.a._, to kiss again. =rebaisser=, _v.a._, to lower again, to let down again. _Se —_; to stoop down again. =rebander=, _v.a._, to bend again (a bow); to bind up again; to tie up again; to put another bandage (over the eyes). =rebaptisant= (-ba-ti-), _n.m._, rebaptizer. =rebaptisation= (-ba-ti-), _n.f._, baptizing again. =rebaptiser= (-ba-ti-), _v.a._, to rebaptize. =rébarbati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, stern, gruff, crabbed, cross. _Visage —_; crabbed, gruff, stern countenance. =rebâter=, _v.a._, to resaddle, to saddle again. =rebâtir=, _v.a._, to rebuild, to build again. =rebattre=, _v.a._, to beat again; to repeat, to tell over and over; to shuffle again (cards). =rebattu=, =-e=, _part._, old, hackneyed, trite, oft-told. _Un conte —_; an old worn-out story. _J’en ai les oreilles —es_; I am sick of hearing it so often. =rebaudir=, _v.a._, (hunt.) to caress, to encourage (dogs). ☉=rebec=, _n.m._, (instr.) rebeck. =rebelle=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, rebel; rebellious, disobedient, unyielding; (med.) obstinate; (metal.) refractory, impervious (to); ill-adapted; unfeeling. _— à la justice_; flying in the face of justice. _— à la raison_; impervious to reason. _Un sujet — à la poésie_; a subject ill-adapted to verse. _Une fièvre — aux remèdes_; an unyielding fever. _C’est une beauté —_; she is an unfeeling beauty. _Substances —s_; (metal.) refractory substances, substances hard to melt. _se_ =rebeller=, _v.r._, to rebel, to rise in rebellion, to revolt. =rébellion=, _n.f._, rebellion, resistance, contumacy. _Faire — à la justice_; to resist justice. =rebénir=, _v.a._, to bless again; to consecrate anew. _se_ =rebéquer=, _v.r._, to be saucy, to be pert, insolent. =rebercer=, _v.a._, to rock again. _se_ =rebercer=, _v.r._, to rock one’s self again. =rebiffer=, _v.n._, to turn up one’s nose. _se_ =rebiffer=, _v.r._, to resist, to refuse obedience; to refuse bluntly. =reblanchir=, _v.a._, to wash again; to blanch again, to bleach again; to whitewash again. =rèble= _or_ =rièble=, _n.m._, (bot.) goose-grass; cleavers. =reboire=, _v.a._, to drink again. =reboisement=, _n.m._, retimbering, reafforestation. =reboiser=, _v.a._, to retimber, to replant, to reafforest. =rebond=, _n.m._, rebound. =rebondi=, =-e=, _adj._, plump, round, chubby, full. _Des joues —es_; chubby cheeks. =rebondir=, _v.n._, to rebound. =rebondissement= (-dis-mān), _n.m._, rebounding. =rebord=, _n.m._, border, hem (of clothes); ledge; brim. =reborder=, _v.a._, to put a new border to; to border again, to rehem. _— une robe_; to put a new border, _or_ new hem, to a gown. _— des souliers_; to bind shoes anew. =rebotter=, _v.a._, to make boots again for; to boot somebody again. _se_ =rebotter=, _v.r._, to put on one’s boots again. =rebouchement=, _n.m._, stopping up again. =reboucher=, _v.a._, to stop up again; to block up again; to stuff up; to cork up again. _— un trou_; to stop up a hole again. _— une bouteille_; to cork a bottle up again. _se_ =reboucher=, _v.r._, to get, _or_ become, stuffed up, _or_ stopped up, again; to bend. _L’épée se reboucha contre sa cuirasse_; the sword bent against his cuirass. =rebouil=, _n.m._, pelt-wool. *=rebouillir=, _v.n._, to boil again. =rebouisage=, _n.m._, cleaning and polishing (of hats). =rebouiser=, _v.a._, to clean and polish (hats). =rebourgeonner=, _v.n._, to bud again. =rebours=, _n.m._, wrong side (of a stuff); wrong way (of the grain); contrary, reverse. _À —_, _au —_; the wrong way; against the grain, backwards. _Marcher à —_; to walk backwards. _Prendre à —_; to misconstrue. _Lire à —_; to read backwards. =rebours=, =-e=, _adj._, (fam.) cross, cross-grained, crabbed. =reboutage=, _n.m._, bone-setting. =rebouteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, bone-setter. =reboutonner=, _v.a._, to button again, to rebutton. _se_ =reboutonner=, _v.r._, to button up one’s clothes again. =rebrider=, _v.a._, to bridle again. =rebrocher=, _v.a._, to restitch books. =rebroder=, _v.a._, to re-embroider. *=rebrouiller=, _v.a._, to embroil again, to mix again, to confound again, to entangle again. =rebrousse=, _n.f._, napping-tool. =rebroussement= (-broos-mān), _n.m._, turning back, turning up, inflection; (geom.) retrogression (of a curve). _à_ =rebrousse-poil=, _adv._, against the hair; the wrong way; against the grain. =rebrousser=, _v.a._, to turn up (the hair). _— chemin_; to go back, to turn back, to retrace one’s steps. =rebroussoir=, _n.m._, napping-tool. =rebroyer=, _v.a._, to grind again. =rebrûler=, _v.a._, to burn again. =rebrunir=, _v.a._, to burnish again. =rebuffade=, _n.f._, rebuff, repulse, rebuke. =rébus= (-bus), _n.m._, rebus; pun, conundrum. =rebut=, _n.m._, repulse, rebuff, rejection, refusal; refuse; trash; waste, rubbish, trumpery; riff-raff, scum. _Marchandises de —_; waste goods. _Papier de —_; waste paper. _Mettre au —_; to throw aside. _Être au —_; to be thrown aside. _Mettre une lettre au —_; to send a letter to the dead-letter office. _De —_; waste, left off, cast off. _Bureau des —_; dead-letter office. =rebutant=, =-e=, _adj._, repulsive, forbidding, loathsome. _Travail —_; tedious work. _Air —_; forbidding look. _Homme —_; repulsive man. =rebuter=, _v.a._, to repulse, to rebuff, to thrust away, to cast aside; to reject, to refuse; to disgust, to shock. _— des excuses_; to refuse an apology. _Il a rebuté ces marchandises_; he rejected those goods. _se_ =rebuter=, _v.r._, to be discouraged _or_ disheartened, to be rebuffed, to lose courage. _Il se rebute aisément_; he is easily disheartened. =recacher=, _v.a._, to hide again. =recacheter= (-kash-té), _v.a._, to seal up again. =récalcitrant=, =-e=, _adj._, stubborn, refractory, perverse, reluctant, averse. =récalcitrer=, _v.n._, to be restive, to kick (of horses); (l.u.) to be refractory; to resist, to be reluctant. =recaler=, _v.a._, to wedge up again, to refix, to refasten. (fig.) _V._ =rembarrer=. _Il a été recalé_; (fam.) he has been plowed again. =récapitulati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, recapitulatory. =récapitulation=, _n.f._, recapitulation, summing up. =récapituler=, _v.a._, to recapitulate, to sum up. =recarder=, _v.a._, to card again. =recarreler= (-kar-lé), _v.a._, to pave a floor anew. =recasser=, _v.a._, to break again; (agri.) to break up stubble-land, to give a first plowing to. =recassis=, _n.m._, (agri.) stubble-land that has been broken up. =recéder=, _v.a._, to re-cede, to yield again, to restore again, to let have back (again); to give up again. =recel=, _n.m._, (jur.) receiving of stolen goods. =recélé=, _n.m._, (jur.) concealment of goods; embezzlement. =recèlement= (-sèl-mān), _n.m._, concealing, concealment (of malefactors); receiving (of stolen goods). =recéler=, _v.a._, to conceal (malefactors); to receive (stolen goods); to embezzle; to conceal, to hide; to contain. _— des effets_; to conceal wearing apparel. =recéler=, _v.n._, (hunt.) to be _or_ remain concealed. =receleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (rĕ-cĕ-), receiver of stolen goods. =récemment= (-sa-mān), _adv._, recently, newly, lately. =recensement= (-sāns-mān), _n.m._, census; return, numbering; revisal, verification. =recenser=, _v.a._, to take the census; to verify, to examine. =recension=, _n.f._, (philos.) recension; book revised and edited (by a critic). =récent=, =-e=, _adj._, recent, new, fresh, late. =recépage=, _n.m._, (agri.) cutting down close (of vines). =recépée=, _n.f._, cut part of a wood. =recéper=, _v.a._, (agri.) to cut down. =récépissé=, _n.m._, receipt (for documents, papers); acknowledgment of receipt. =réceptacle=, _n.m._, receptacle; (bot.) torus. =récepteur=, _n.m._, recipient, receiver, reservoir; (of telegraphs) receiving instrument. =réceptibilité=, _n.f._, (l.u.) receptibility. =réception=, _n.f._, receiving, receipt, reception; admittance, admission, levee, drawing-room; party, entertainment. _Accuser — d’une lettre_; to acknowledge the receipt of a letter. _Bonne —_; welcome, good reception. =réceptionnaire=, _adj._, receiving. _n.m._, receiver, receiving clerk. =réceptivité=, _n.f._, (l.u.) receptivity. =recerclage=, _n.m._, re-hooping. =recercler=, _v.a._, to hoop anew, to put new hoops to. =recette=, _n.f._, receipt, receipts, collection; receiving office; recipe; receiver’s office, receivership, collectorship. =recevabilité=, _n.f._, (jur.) admissibility. =recevable=, _adj._, receivable, admissible, allowed. =receveu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, receiver, surveyor, comptroller, collector (of taxes). =recevoir=, _v.a._, to receive, to accept, to take, to take in, to let in; to welcome, to harbor; to admit; to allow of; to meet with, to submit to; to entertain. _— bien_; to receive well; to welcome. _— un mauvais accueil_; to meet with a bad reception. _— une opinion_; to admit an opinion. _Je reçois vos offres_; I accept your offers. _Son livre a été bien reçu_; his book has taken well. _— une excuse_; to accept an excuse. _— une proposition_; to accept a proposal. _— un coup mortel_; to be mortally wounded. _— la mort_; to meet with (one’s) death. =recevoir=, _v.n._, to receive, to receive company; to be at home to visitors; to hold a levee, a drawing-room. _On recevra ce soir là_; there will be company that evening. _Elle reçoit beaucoup_; she sees a great deal of company. _Quand recevez-vous?_ when is your reception, _or_ at home, day? when are you at home to visitors? =recez= (rĕ-sê), _n.m._, recess; minutes (of a Congress). =réchampir= _or_ =échampir=, _v.a._, to pick out with colors, to set off. =rechange=, _n.m._, change of anything; spare things; (com.) re-exchange; (nav.) spare stores. _Des habits de —_; spare clothes. _J’en ai de —_; I have some in reserve. _Mâts de hune de —_; spare topmasts. _De —_; spare. =rechanger=, _v.a._, to change again. =rechanter=, _v.a._, to sing again; to tell often. =réchapper=, _v.n._, to escape, to recover. _Un réchappé de la potence_; (pop.) a villain, a gallows bird. _— d’une maladie_; to recover from an illness. =recharge=, _n.f._, surcharge; fresh charge. _En —_; in addition. =rechargement=, _n.m._, reloading, loading again, reballasting. =recharger=, _v.a._, to load again, to reballast; to recharge; (milit.) to make a second charge; to charge again, to enjoin over again. _— les ennemis_; to charge the enemy again. =rechasser=, _v.a._ and _n._, to drive away again; to drive back. =rechasser=, _v.a._, to hunt again. =réchaud=, _n.m._, chafing-dish, dish-warmer, hot-water dish, small stove; (hort.) hot-bed, mulch. =réchauffage=, _n.m._, warming up again; giving as new what is old, hash-up; plagiarism; reheating; (metal.) balling. =réchauffé=, _n.m._, food, etc., warmed up; something that is stale, old; stale stuff, imitation; (fig.) after-thought. _C’est du —_; it is mere imitation. =réchauffé=, =-e=, _adj._, warmed up again. =réchauffement=, _n.m._, (hort.) lining anew (a hot-bed); mulching. =réchauffer=, _v.a._, to heat again, to make warm again, to make hot again, to warm again, to warm up; to re-animate, to rekindle, to stir up. _Faire — la soupe_; to warm up the soup. _— une couche_; (hort.) to manure a bed anew, to mulch. _se_ =réchauffer=, _v.r._, to warm one’s self, to get one’s self warm, to grow warm; to rekindle, to become warmer, to warm. =réchauffoir=, _n.m._, plate-warmer, dish-warmer. =rechausser=, _v.a._, to put on shoes _or_ stockings again; to set new cogs to a wheel; (agri., hort.) to mold, to mold up; (mas.) to line the foot of, to underpin. _— un arbre_; to mold up a tree. _— un mur_; to underpin a wall. =rêche=, _adj._, rough (to the taste, touch); crabbed (of persons). _Cette étoffe est —_; that stuff is very rough. =recherche=, _n.f._, search, seeking, quest, pursuit; research, inquiry, investigation; examination, scrutiny; studied elegance, neatness, finish, labored refinement, studied refinement, care; addresses, courtship, suit; (mas.) research, mending (with tiles or slates). _Travailler à la — de la vérité_; to labor in search of truth. _— exacte_; strict search. _Faire la — d’une chose_; to search for a thing. _Style naturel et sans —_; natural and unaffected style. _Il fait la — d’une veuve_; he is courting a widow. =recherché=, =-e=, _adj._, choice, exquisite; affected, far-fetched, sought after, run after, in great request, in great demand. _Parure —e_; exquisite dress. _Expression —e_; far-fetched expression. _Ornements —s_; choice ornaments. =rechercher=, _v.a._, to seek again, to look again for, to seek, to seek for, to seek after, to look for, to search, to search for, to search after; to investigate, to search into, to inquire into, to make an inquiry into; to institute an inquiry into, to call to account; to endeavor to obtain, to desire, to aspire to; to run after, to court, to seek; to solicit in marriage, to ask in marriage, to woo, to solicit the hand of; (arts) to finish, to finish off, to polish; (man.) to animate. _On rechercha sa vie_; they made inquiries into his mode of life. _— un cheval_; to animate a horse. _se_ =rechercher=, _v.r._, to seek each other, _or_ each other’s society; to be sought after. *=rechigné=, =-e=, _adj._, sour-faced, glum, surly, sulky, cross, crabbed, gruff. *=rechignement=, _n.m._, sulking, frowning, sullenness, crabbedness. *=rechigner=, _v.n._, to look sulky, sullen, grim, gruff, sour, crabbed. ☉=rechoir=, _v.n._, to fall again; to relapse, to have a relapse. =rechute=, _n.f._, relapse. =récidive=, _n.f._, recidivism, relapse into crime; second offense, repetition of an offense. _Il y a —_; it is not the first offense. _Être en —_; to be an old offender. =récidiver=, _v.n._, to repeat the same offense; to commit the same crime again. =récidiviste=, _n.m.f._, previously convicted felon; habitual criminal; old offender. =récif=, _n.m._, (nav.) reef, ledge (of rocks); ridge. =récipé=, _n.m._, recipe, medical prescription; receipt. =récipiendaire=, _n.m._, new member, member-elect. =récipient=, _n.m._, (chem.) recipient, receiver; cistern, well. =réciprocation=, _n.f._, reciprocation. =réciprocité=, _n.f._, reciprocity, reciprocation. =réciproque=, _n.m._, like. _Rendre le —_; to return the like; to give like for like. =réciproque=, _n.f._, (math., log.) converse. =réciproque=, _adj._, reciprocal, mutual; (math.) converse, reciprocal. =réciproquement= (-prok-mān), _adv._, reciprocally, mutually; (math.) conversely. =recirer=, _v.a._, to wax, polish, _or_ black, again. =récit=, _n.m._, recital, relation, account, story, tale, narration, narrative, statement; report; (mus.) recitative. =récitant=, =-e=, _adj._, (mus.) solo. =récitateu-r=, _n.m._, reciter, repeater. =récitatif=, _n.m._, (mus.) recitative. =récitation=, _n.f._, reciting, recitation; repetition. =réciter=, _v.a._, to recite, to rehearse; to repeat, to say; to tell, to relate, to give an account of, to recount; (mus.) to sing in recitative; to play in recitative. _Récitez votre leçon_; say your lesson. =réciter=, _v.n._, (mus.) to perform a recitative; to recite. =réciteu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, reciter, story-teller. =réclamable=, _adj._, claimable. =réclamant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (jur.) claimant. =réclamation=, _n.f._, claim, demand; complaint, protestation, protest, opposition, objection. _Être en —_; to have raised an objection, to have formulated a complaint, a demand. =réclame=, _n.m._, (hawking) bird-call. =réclame=, _n.f._, (print.) catch-word; primer; (of newspapers) editorial announcement, advertisement, puff, puffing, paragraph puff; (thea.) cue, catchword (last words of couplets). =réclamer=, _v.a._, to implore, to entreat, to beseech; to reclaim, to claim back, to redemand, to demand back again; to claim; (hunt.) to call off; (hawking) to bring back; (jur.) to lay claim to. _— son droit_; to claim one’s right. _— un oiseau_; to bring back a hawk. _— les chiens_; to call off the dogs. _se_ =réclamer=, _v.r._, to be reclaimed, to be demanded; to say one is known to a person; to make use of any one’s name, to invoke, to refer to. _Voyant qu’on allait le maltraiter, il se réclama d’un tel_; seeing they were about to ill-treat him, he referred to so-and-so. =réclamer=, _v.n._, to oppose, to object, to protest (against), to complain (of), to make a complaint, to make objection (to). _Je réclame contre cela_; I protest against that. _Personne ne réclame?_ does nobody raise any objection? =reclouer=, _v.a._, to nail again. ☉=reclure=, _v.a._, to shut up, to confine, to cloister up, to sequester. =reclus=, =-e=, _n._ and _part._, recluse, monk, nun; cloistered up, shut up, sequestered, secluded. =reclusion= _or_ =réclusion=, _n.f._, reclusion, retirement, seclusion; (jur.) confinement, imprisonment (with hard labor and loss of civil rights). *=recogner=, _v.a._, to hit again, to strike again; to beat back, to drive back, to beat (an argument). =récognitif= (-cog-), _adj.m._, (jur.) recognitory. _Acte —_; ratification of a liability (stating the consideration thereof). =récognition= (-cog-), _n.f._, recognition. =recoiffer=, _v.a._, to dress the head _or_ hair again; to re-adjust the hair; to cap again, to re-cap (bottles). =recoin=, _n.m._, corner, nook, by-place, by-way. _pl._, cricks and corners; innermost recesses. =récolement= (-kol-mān), _n.m._, (jur.) examination; verification. =récoler=, _v.a._, (jur.) to read the previous evidence to a witness; to examine, to verify. ☉=récollection= (-kol-lèk-), _n.f._, (devotional style) contemplation. =recollement=, _n.m._, pasting, _or_ gluing, again; (of a wound) healing. =recoller=, _v.a._, to paste again (fig. and fam.). _Il a été recollé_ or _recalé_; he has been plowed again. =récollet=, _n.m._, =-te=, _n.f._, recollet (Franciscan friar _or_ nun). =récolte=, _n.f._, harvest, crop, vintage; collection, gathering. _Temps de la —_; harvest time. _Faire la —_; to get in the harvest. =récolter=, _v.a._, to reap, to gather in, to get in. _se_ =récolter=, _v.r._, to be got in (of crops). =recommandable=, _adj._, commendable, recommendable, respectable. =recommandation=, _n.f._, recommendation; esteem, reference, introduction; (jur.) detainer. _Lettre de —_; letter of introduction. =recommander=, _v.a._, to recommend, to charge, to enjoin, to bid, to intrust, to request; (jur.) to lodge a detainer against. _Je vous recommande le secret_; I enjoin secrecy. _se_ =recommander=, _v.r._, to recommend one’s self, itself; to look for protection (to); to refer to. _Cette chose se recommande d’elle-même_; the thing is its own recommendation. _Je me recommande à vous_; I refer to you. =recommencement=, _n.m._, recommencement, beginning anew, repetition, renewal. =recommencer=, _v.a.n._, to recommence, to begin again. _— la guerre_; to begin war afresh. _— de plus belle_, _— sur nouveaux frais_; to renew the attempt, to begin again worse than ever. _C’est toujours à —_; there’s no end to it. _Ne recommencez pas, par exemple_; don’t do it again, though. =recomparaître=, _v.n._, to appear again (before). =récompense=, _n.f._, reward, recompense; requital; compensation, amends; indemnity. _En —_; in return (for); as a recompense (for). =récompenser=, _v.a._, to reward, to requite, to recompense, to remunerate; to make amends (to), to compensate; to requite; to make up for, to repay. _— le temps perdu_; to make up for lost time. _se_ =récompenser=, _v.r._, to make up for, to make amends, to be recompensed. =recomposer=, _v.a._, to recompose. =recomposition=, _n.f._, recomposition. =recompter= (-kon-té), _v.a._, to count again. =réconciliable=, _adj._, reconcilable. =réconciliat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, reconciler. _adj._, reconciling. =réconciliation=, _n.f._, reconciliation, reconcilement. =réconcilier=, _v.a._, to reconcile, to conciliate; to make friends again. _On les a réconciliés_; they have been reconciled. _— une église_; to consecrate a church anew. _se_ =réconcilier=, _v.r._, to be reconciled, to become friends again. _Il s’est réconcilié avec son père_; he has made it up with his father. =réconduction= (_tacite_), _n.f._, (jur.) renewal of a lease, continued tenancy (upon the same terms). =reconduire=, _v.a._, to reconduct, to lead back, to show out; to accompany, to see home, to accompany to the door. =reconduite=, _n.f._, accompanying out, _or_ to the door; seeing out, seeing home. _Faire la —_; to accompany out, home. =reconfirmer=, _v.a._, to confirm again. ☉=réconfort=, _n.m._, comfort, relief, consolation. ☉=réconfortation=, _n.f._, cheering up, comforting, strengthening. =réconforter=, _v.a._, to cheer up, to strengthen, to fortify, to comfort; to cheer. =reconfrontation=, _n.f._, confronting anew. =reconfronter=, _v.a._, to confront again. =reconnaissable=, _adj._, recognizable. =reconnaissance=, _n.f._, gratitude, thankfulness; recognition; examination; acknowledgment, confession; reward, return; recognizance; (milit., nav.) reconnoitering, reconnoitering party. _Avoir de la —_; to be grateful. _Témoigner sa —_; to testify one’s gratitude. _Faire une —_; to reconnoiter. _— d’enfant_; acknowledgment of a child. _— de prêteur sur gages_; pawn-broker’s ticket. =reconnaissant=, =-e=, _adj._, grateful, thankful. _— de_; thankful for. =reconnaître=, _v.a._, to recognize, to know again; to know; to identify; to find out, to discover; to acknowledge, to confess, to admit, to allow; to be grateful; (milit.) to reconnoiter, to explore, to observe. _Je ne le reconnais plus_; he has grown out of my recollection. _Se faire —_; to make one’s self known. _On a reconnu sa trahison_; his treachery was discovered. _— un enfant_; to own a child. _Je vous reconnais bien là_; that is just like you. _se_ =reconnaître=, _v.r._, to know one’s self; to see one’s self; to know where one is; to make out; to come to one’s self; to collect one’s self; to give one’s self breathing time; to acknowledge one’s guilt; to plead guilty. _Il se reconnaît dans son fils_; he sees himself in his son. _Je commence à me reconnaître_; I begin to know where I am. _Je ne me reconnais plus_; I don’t know what I am about. _Je me reconnais bien là_; that is just like me. =reconquérir=, _v.a._, to reconquer, to recover, to regain. =reconsidération=, _n.f._, reconsideration. =reconsidérer=, _v.a._, to reconsider. =reconstituer=, _v.a._, to reconstitute, to re-establish, to re-organize. =reconstitution=, _n.f._, reconstitution, reorganization, resettling; (jur.) substitution. =reconstruction=, _n.f._, reconstruction, rebuilding. =reconstruire=, _v.a._, to build again, to reconstruct. =reconsulter=, _v.a._, to consult again. =reconter=, _v.a._, to tell again, to relate over again. =recontinuer=, _v.a._, to resume, to go on again. =recontracter=, _v.a._, to contract again. =reconvention=, _n.f._, (jur.) cross suit, cross action, set off. =reconventionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, (jur.) cross. _Demande —_; cross action. =reconvoquer=, _v.a._, to convene again, to call together again. =recopier=, _v.a._, to copy again. _Se —_; to be recopied. *=recoquillement=, _n.m._, curling up, turning up, shriveling; being dog’s-eared (of leaves). *=recoquiller=, _v.a._, to curl up; to turn up, to shrivel up; to dog’s-ear (leaves). *_se_ =recoquiller=, _v.r._, to turn up, to curl one’s self up, to be dog’s-eared, to shrivel. =recorder=, _v.a._, to rehearse (a lesson); to learn _or_ get by heart; to cord again; to twist again; to measure firewood again. _se_ =recorder=, _v.r._, to concert with any one, to call to mind; to be recorded. =recorriger=, _v.a._, to correct again, to revise. =recors=, _n.m._, bailiff’s man. =recoucher=, _v.a._, to put to bed again, to lay flat again. _se_ =recoucher=, _v.r._, to go to bed again. =recoudre=, _v.a._, to sew again, _or_ stitch again. _se_ =recoudre=, _v.r._, to be sewn up again. =recoupe=, _n.f._, rubble, stone-chips; chippings; pollard. =recoupement= (-coop-mān), _n.m._, (arch.) off-set; recess. =recouper=, _v.a._, to cut again. =recoupette=, _n.f._, coarse meal. =recourbé=, =-e=, _adj._, bent back, curved, crooked. =recourber=, _v.a._, to bend back, to make crooked, to crook. _se_ =recourber=, _v.r._, to grow crooked, to bend. =recourbure=, _n.f._, bending back, curvature. =recourir=, _v.n._, to run again; to have recourse to, to apply to, to resort (to); to appeal. _— aux remèdes_; to have recourse to remedies. =recours=, _n.m._, recourse; refuge, resort, help, resource, redress, remedy, appeal. _— en cassation_; petition of appeal. _— en grâce_; petition for pardon _or_ commutation. ☉=recousse=, _n.f._ _V._ =rescousse=. =recousu=, =-e=, _part._, sewed, stitched again. =recouvrable=, _adj._, (fin.) recoverable. ☉=recouvrance=, _n.f._, recovery. =recouvrement=, _n.m._, recovery, regaining; (fin.) payment; (horl.) lid; cap (of a watch); (arch.) overlapping. _pl._, debts due to one. _— de la santé_; recovery of one’s health. _Faire un état de —_; to draw up a statement of debts due. _Faire un —_; to recover an outstanding debt. =recouvrer=, _v.a._, to recover, to regain, to get again, to get back possession (of), to get in, to collect. _— ses forces_; to recover one’s strength. _— son bien_; to recover one’s fortune. =recouvrir=, _v.a._, to cover again; to cover, to mask, to hide, to conceal. _se_ =recouvrir=, _v.r._, to cover one’s self again; to be covered again; to be hidden again, to become cloudy again, to be overcast again. =recracher=, _v.a._ and _n._, to spit out again; to spit again; (fig.) to fork out again; to disgorge. =récréance=, _n.f._, provisional possession. _Lettres de —_; (diplomacy) letters of recall. =récréati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, recreative; refreshing; diverting, amusing. =récréation=, _n.f._, recreation, amusement, diversion; play (of children). _Heure de —_; play-time. _Être en —_; to be at play, out of school. =recréer=, _v.a._, to re-create, to create again. =récréer=, _v.a._, to recreate, to divert, to amuse. _se_ =récréer=, _v.r._, to divert, to amuse one’s self, to take recreation. =récrément=, _n.m._, (med.) recrement. =récrémenteu-x=, =-se=, _or_ =récrémentitiel=, =-le=, _adj._, (med.) recremental, recrementitious. =recrépir=, _v.a._, to parget again, to roughcast; to give a fresh coat of plaster to; to paint (one’s face); to patch up. _— un vieux mur_; to replaster an old wall. _— un vieux conte_; to dress up an old story. =recrépissage= _or_ =recrépissement=, _n.m._, replastering; repatching. =recreuser=, _v.a._, to dig up again, to dig deeper. ☉=recri=, _n.m._, exclamation; cry, outcry, clamor. _se_ =récrier=, _v.r._, to exclaim; to utter an exclamation; to cry out, to protest. _Il n’y a pas de quoi se —_; there is nothing to cause astonishment, there is no need to cry out. =récrimination=, _n.f._, recrimination. =récriminatoire=, _adj._, recriminatory. =récriminer=, _v.n._, to recriminate. =récrire=, _v.a._, to write over again; to write again; to rewrite. =recroître=, _v.n._, to grow again; to spring up again. =recrotter=, _v.a._, to dirty again. =recru=, =-e=, _adj._, quite tired, worn out, knocked up, jaded, spent. =recrudescence=, _n.f._, recrudescence. =recrudescent=, =-e=, _adj._, recrudescent. =recrue=, _n.f._, recruiting; recruit; recruits. _Faire des —s_; to raise recruits. =recrutement= (re-krut-mān), _n.m._, recruiting, recruitment. =recruter=, _v.a._, to recruit. _se_ =recruter=, _v.r._, to recruit. =recruteur=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, recruiter; recruiting, recruiting officer. =recta=, _adv._, punctually, exactly. =rectangle=, _adj._, (geom.) rectangular, right-angled. =rectangle=, _n.m._, rectangle. =rectangulaire=, _adj._, rectangular, right-angled. =recteur=, _n.m._, rector (of a parish, of an academy); provost, warden. =rect-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, directing. ☉_Esprit —_; (chem.) aromatic. _Pennes rectrices_; (zoöl.) tail-feathers. =rectifiable=, _adj._, rectifiable. =rectificateur=, _n.m._, rectifier. =rectificati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, rectifying. =rectification=, _n.f._, rectification; (jur.) amendment. =rectifier=, _v.a._, to rectify. _se_ =rectifier=, _v.r._, to be rectified. *=rectiligne=, _adj._, rectilineal, rectilinear. =rectitude=, _n.f._, rectitude, uprightness. =recto=, _n.m._, (_—s_) first page of a leaf; odd page, right-handed page. =rectoral=, =-e=, _adj._, rectorial. =rectorat=, _n.m._, rectorship, rectorate, provostship, wardenship. =rectrice=, _n.f._, (orni.) tail-feather. _V._ =recteur=, _adj._ =rectum= (-tom), _n.m._, (_—_) (anat.) rectum. =reçu=, =-e=, _part._, received; admitted; recognized, customary, usual. =reçu=, _n.m._, receipt. _Au — de_; on receipt of. _Donnez-moi un — de ce que je vous remets_; give me a receipt for what I give you. *=recueil=, _n.m._, collection, selection, miscellany. _— choisi_; elegant extracts. *=recueillement=, _n.m._, contemplation, meditation, self-communing; gathering, collection; (fig.) peaceful seclusion. *=recueilli=, =-e=, _part._, gathered, collected; meditative, wrapped in meditation, calm, still, quiet. _C’est un homme très —_; he is a very contemplative man. *=recueillir=, _v.a._, to gather, to get in; to reap; to get together, to collect; to pick up; to receive, to take in, to shelter. _— une succession_; to inherit an estate. _— ses esprits_; to collect one’s self. _— ses forces_; to collect one’s strength. _— les voix_; to collect the votes. _se_ =recueillir=, _v.r._, to collect one’s self, to collect one’s thoughts; to wrap one’s self up in pious meditation. _— en soi-même_; to retire within one’s self, to commune with one’s self; to reflect. =recuire=, _v.a._, to cook, _or_ do, again; to boil over again; to bake over again; (manu.) to anneal. _— des métaux_; to anneal metals. =recuit=, =-e=, _part._, boiled, baked, _or_ roasted again. _Cela est cuit et —_; that is done to rags. =recuit=, _n.m._, _or_ =recuite=, _n.f._, annealing (of metals, glass); reheating (liquids). =recul=, _n.m._, recoil; kicking (of fire-arms). =reculade=, _n.f._, falling back; retreat; backing (of carriages). _Honteuse —_; shameful retreat. _Faire une —_; to beat a retreat. =reculé=, =-e=, _part._, put back; distant, remote; backward, behind (in learning). _La postérité la plus —e_; the remotest posterity. =reculée=, _n.f._, (l.u.) backing-space; moving back. _Feu de —_; (l.u.) roasting fire. =reculement= (-kul-mān), _n.m._, drawing back; backing (of carriages); breech (of saddles). =reculer=, _v.a._, to pull back; to put back; to put off, to defer; to extend. _se_ =reculer=, _v.r._, to draw back; to go further off, to put back; to be extended, to sit further off. =reculer=, _v.n._, to go back; to fall back, to draw back; to retreat, to recede, to shirk, to shrink (before), to back out (of); to give way; to recoil; to rein back (a horse). _— pour mieux sauter_; to wait for something better. _Il est trop avancé pour —_; he is too far involved to retreat. _Il ne recule jamais_; he never flinches. _En reculant_; in going backwards. _à_ =reculons=, _adv._, backwards; the wrong way; with one’s back to the engine, etc. ☉=récupérable=, _adj._, that may be recovered, retrievable, recoverable. =récupération=, _n.f._, recovery. =récupérer=, _v.a._, to recover, to retrieve; to get back. _se_ =récupérer=, _v.r._, to recover; to retrieve one’s losses. =récurer=, _v.a._ _V._ =écurer=. =récurrence=, _n.f._, (med.) recurrence. =récurrent=, =-e= (-kur-rān, -t), _adj._, (med.) recurrent, returning. =récursoire=, _adj._, (jur.) which can give rise to an appeal, remedial. =récusable=, _adj._, (jur.) exceptionable, challengeable, doubtful. =récusation=, _n.f._, (jur.) challenge, exception, denial. =récuser=, _v.a._, to challenge (witnesses, jurors); to deny, to reject. _se_ =récuser=, _v.r._, to excuse one’s self, to decline; (of judges, jurors) to decline judging _or_ voting; to declare one’s self incompetent. =rédacteur=, _n.m._, writer (of a deed); clerk (in a public office); editor, editress; writer (of periodicals). _— d’un journal_; editor of a newspaper. _— en chef_; chief editor. _— gérant_; sub-editor. =rédaction=, _n.f._, drawing up (deeds, etc.); wording; editing (periodicals); editors. =redan=, _n.m._, (fort.) redan; (arch.) skew-back. =redanser=, _v.n._, to dance again. =reddition= (rèd-di-), _n.f._, (jur., milit.) surrender, reduction; restitution, giving back; giving in (of accounts). _— de compte_; giving in of accounts. =redébattre=, _v.a._, to debate again. =redéclarer=, _v.a._, to declare again. =redédier=, _v.a._, to dedicate anew. =redéfaire=, _v.a._, to undo again. =redéjeuner=, _v.a._, to breakfast again. =redélibérer=, _v.a._, to deliberate again (upon), to consider again. ☉=redélivrer=, _v.a._, to set at liberty a second time. =redemander=, _v.a._, to redemand, to ask again; to ask back again. =redemeurer=, _v.n._, to dwell _or_ live again. =redémolir=, _v.a._, to demolish, _or_ pull down, again. =rédempteur=, _n.m._, redeemer, savior. =rédempt-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, redeeming, redemptive, redemptory. =rédemption=, _n.f._, redemption; ransom. =rédemptoriste=, _n.m._, Redemptorist. =redépêcher=, _v.a._, to dispatch again. =redescendre=, _v.n._, to go, _or_ come, down again. =redescendre=, _v.a._, to take down again. =redevable=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, debtor; indebted; beholden. _Je suis votre —_ or _je vous suis —_; I am your debtor. _Être — à ... de_; to be indebted to ... for. =redevance=, _n.f._, rent; royalty; due, service; (feudalism) fine. =redevenir= (rĕ-dĕ-vnir), _v.n._, to become again. =redévider=, _v.a._, to wind again. =redevoir=, _v.a._, to remain in one’s debt, to owe still. =rédhibition=, _n.f._, (jur.) action to set aside a sale. =rédhibitoire=, _adj._, (jur.) setting aside a sale; redhibitory. =rédiger=, _v.a._, to draw out; to draw up; to draught; to write out; to word; to indite. _se_ =rédimer=, _v.a._, to redeem one’s self. =redîner=, _v.n._, to dine again. =redingote=, _n.f._, riding-coat, frock-coat; (ladies’) morning dress. =redire=, _v.a._, to repeat, to say again, to tell again; to censure, to criticize, to find fault (with); to report. _Trouver à — à_; to find fault with, to find amiss, to complain of. _Je n’y trouve rien à —_; I see nothing amiss in it. _Il n’y a rien à —_; no fault can be found with. _Se faire —_; to have repeated to one; to require to be told again. =rediseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, tautologist, repeater; tell-tale, tale-bearer. =redistribuer=, _v.a._, to distribute again. =redistribution=, _n.f._, redistribution, re-issue. =redite=, _n.f._, (b.s.) repetition, gossiping. =redompter= (-don-té), _v.a._, to subdue again. =redondance= _or_ =rédondance=, _n.f._, superfluity of words, redundancy. =redondant= _or_ =rédondant=, =-e=, _adj._, redundant. =redonder= _or_ =rédonder=, _v.n._, to be redundant. =redonner=, _v.a._, to give again, to give back again; to restore; to deal again (at cards). _se_ =redonner=, _v.r._, to give one’s self up again; to give away again; to indulge again in. =redonner=, _v.n._, to give one’s self up again; to fail again into; to take to again; (milit.) to charge again; to be engaged again. =redorer=, _v.a._, to gild over again, to regild. =redormir=, _v.n._, to sleep again. ☉=redoublant=, _n.m._, pupil that remains a second year in the same class. =redoublé=, =-e=, _part._, redoubled, increased; repeated. _Pas —_; (milit.) double-quick time. _Rimes —es_; double rhymes. =redoublement=, _n.m._, redoubling, increase; reduplication; (med.) paroxysm. =redoubler=, _v.a._, to redouble, to increase, to reiterate; to increase greatly; to put a new lining to. _— ses soins_; to be doubly careful. =redoubler=, _v.n._, to increase; to redouble; ☉to continue two years in the same class (at school). _— de soins_; to be doubly attentive. =redoul= _or_ =roudou=, _n.m._, (bot.) coriaria myrtifolia, tanners’ sumac. =redoutable=, _adj._, formidable, redoubtable, terrible, dreadful. =redoute=, _n.f._, (fort.) redoubt; ridotto; dancing-room. =redouter=, _v.a._, to dread, to fear. _Il n’est pas à —_; he is not to be feared. =redressage=, _n.m._, straightening. =redressement= (-drès-mān), _n.m._, straightening; erection; redressing; redress; relief (from a grievance). =redresser=, _v.a._, to make straight, to make straight again, to straighten; to erect; to set up again; to put right; to correct, to reform, to put to rights, to set to rights; to redress; to over-reach. _— la tête_; to hold up one’s head. _— des griefs_; to redress grievances. _se_ =redresser=, _v.r._, to become straight again; to get straight again; to bridle up; to stand erect again; to set upright; to be set right, to be redressed. _Redressez-vous_; sit up. =redresseur=, _n.m._, redresser, avenger, righter. =redû=, _n.m._, balance due. =réducteur=, _n.m._, (surg.) apparatus for reducing a dislocation. =réductibilité=, _n.f._, reducibleness. =réductible=, _adj._, reducible. =reducti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, reductive. =réduction=, _n.f._, reduction; subjugation; (com.) allowance, abatement; (chem., math., surg.) reduction. =réduire= (réduisant, réduit), _v.a._, to reduce, to abate, to diminish, to curtail; to subdue, to subjugate; to compel; to oblige, to restrain; (chem., math., surg.) to reduce. _— une place_; to reduce a stronghold, to take a fortress. _— au désespoir_; to drive to despair. _se_ =réduire=, _v.r._, to be reduced; to diminish; to abate; to vanish; to reduce one’s self; to be subdued; (fig.) to come to, to amount to. =réduit=, _n.m._, retreat, small habitation; lodging; corner, recess; hole, hovel; (fort.) reduct. =réduplicati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) reduplicative. =réduplicatif=, _n.m._, (gram.) reduplicative. =réduplication=, _n.f._, reduplication. =réédification=, _n.f._, rebuilding. =réédifier=, _v.a._, to rebuild. =rééditer=, _v.a._, to publish anew (of books). =réel=, =-le=, _adj._, real, true; actual; substantial. _n.m._, reality, truth. =réélection=, _n.f._, re-election. =rééligibilité=, _n.f._, re-eligibility. =rééligible=, _adj._, re-eligible. =réélire=, _v.a._, to re-elect. =réellement= (-èl-mān), _adv._, really; in reality, truly, indeed. =réemballage=, _n.m._, repacking. =réemballer=, _v.a._, to repack. =réémettre=, _v.a._, to re-issue. =réémigrer=, _v.n._, to re-emigrate. =réémission=, _n.f._, re-issue. =réentement=, _n.m._, regrafting. =réenter=, _v.a._, to regraft. _Se —_; to be regrafted. =réenterrement=, _n.m._, reburial. =réenterrer=, _v.a._, to re-bury, to re-inter. =réer=, _v.n._ _V._ =raire=. =réescompte=, _n.m._, (com.) rediscount. =réescompter=, _v.a._, (com.) to rediscount. =réexaminer=, _v.a._, to examine anew. =réexpédier=, _v.a._, to forward again, to send off again. =réexpédition=, _n.f._, forwarding again, sending off again, return. =réexportation=, _n.f._, re-exportation. =réexporter=, _v.a._, to re-export. =refâcher=, _v.a._, to vex again, to anger again. _se_ =refâcher=, _v.r._, to grow angry, _or_ vexed, again. =refaçon=, _n.f._, remaking, remake. =refaçonner=, _v.a._, to form _or_ make again, to re-fashion. =réfaction=, _n.f._, remaking; repairing, repairs; (com.) rebate. =refaire=, _v.a._, to do again, to do over again, to remake; to make anew; to begin anew; to recommence; to deal again (at cards); to take in, to deceive; to be refreshing (to); to refresh; to mend, to repair. _— de la viande_; to warm meat up again, to re-pot meat. _se_ =refaire=, _v.r._, to refresh one’s self; to recover one’s strength; to retrieve one’s losses; to assume a new character. _Se — un habit_; to have a coat done up again, _or_ a coat made again. =refait=, _n.m._, drawn game (at play); (hunt.) new horns. =refait=, =-e=, _part._, done again; (of timber) squared, prepared for use; (nav.) twice laid (of cordage). =refaucher=, _v.a._, to mow again. =réfection=, _n.f._, repairs; ☉repairs to buildings; refection (meal); food, nourishment; recovery of strength. =réfectoire=, _n.m._, refectory, dining-room _or_ hall. =refend=, _n.m._, splitting, sawing, dividing; (arch.) channel (in wall). _Mur de —_; (arch.) partition-wall. _Bois de —_; sawed timber. =refendre=, _v.a._, to cleave, _or_ split, again; to quarter (timber); to saw into slabs (stone); to saw, _or_ cut, lengthwise. =référé=, _n.m._, (jur.) application to a judge (sitting) in chambers. _En —_; in chambers. =référence=, _n.f._, (com.) reference; relation, information. =référendaire=, _n.m._, referendary. =référendariat=, _n.m._, referendaryship. =référer=, _v.a._, to refer; to ascribe. _En — à_; to refer to. _se_ =référer=, _v.r._, to refer, to have a reference; to refer, to leave it (to), to confide, to trust (in). _S’en référer à l’avis de quelqu’un_; to refer to the opinion of any one. =référer=, _v.n._, to report, to make a report. =refermer=, _v.a._, to shut up again, to close up. _— une plaie_; to close a wound. _se_ =refermer=, _v.r._, to shut again; to close again. =referrer=, _v.a._, to shoe again (animal). *=refeuilleter=, _v.a._, to turn over again, to turn over and over (leaves); to read again cursorily. =reficher=, _v.a._, to thrust, or stick, in again; to drive in again. =refiger=, _v.n._, to congeal again. _se_ =refiger=, _v.r._, to congeal again. =refixer=, _v.a._, to fix again. =réfléchi=, =-e=, _adj._, reflected; reflecting; deliberate; considerate; reflective, thoughtful, meditative; (bot.) reflex. _Action —e_; deliberate action. _Crime —_; premeditated crime. _Opinion peu —e_; hasty opinion. _Personne —e_; reflective, meditative, thoughtful, circumspect, person. _Homme peu —_; inconsiderate man. =réfléchir=, _v.a._, to reflect, to reflect back; to mirror back; to throw back; to reverberate. _se_ =réfléchir=, _v.r._, to reflect, to be reflected. =réfléchir=, _v.n._, to reflect, to reflect on, to think, to consider, to ponder. _J’y réfléchirai_; I’ll think it over. =réfléchissant=, =-e=, _adj._, reflecting. =réfléchissement= (-shis-mān), _n.m._, reflection, reverberation. =réflecteur=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, reflector; reflective, reflecting. =reflet=, _n.m._, reflection, reflex, reflected light. =refléter=, _v.a._, to reflect (light, etc.). _se_ =refléter=, _v.r._, to reflect, to be reflected, to be mirrored back. =refleurir=, _v.n._, to blossom again, to blow again, to flower again; to flourish again. _Faire —_; to revive. =réflexe=, _adj._, reflex. =réflexibilité=, _n.f._, reflexibility. =réflexible=, _adj._, reflexible, reflectible. =réflexi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, reflexive. =réflexion=, _n.f._, reflection; thought, consideration. _Faire —_; to reflect. _Avez-vous fait vos —s?_ have you considered the matter? have you pondered over it? _Un homme de —_; a thinking man. _Toute — faite_; all things considered; after due reflection; on second thought. =refluer=, _v.n._, to reflow, to flow back, to ebb. =reflux=, _n.m._, reflux, refluctuation; ebb, ebbing, flowing back. _Le flux et le —_; the ebb and flow; (fig.) the constant shifting. ☉=refonder=, _v.a._, (jur.) to refund, to reimburse, to repay; to refound. =refondre=, _v.a._, to refound, to melt again; to recast, to cast again, to mold anew; to improve; to remodel; (nav.) to repair, to improve, to correct. _— la monnaie_; to recoin money. _— un ouvrage_; to remodel, or re-cast, a work. _— un vaisseau_; to repair a ship thoroughly. =refonte=, _n.f._, refounding, recasting (metal.); recoinage, recoining; remodeling; (nav.) thorough repair. =reforger=, _v.a._, to forge again. =réformable=, _adj._, reformable, that may be reformed; (jur.) reversible; (mil.) exemptible. =réformat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, reformer. _adj._, reforming, reformatory. =réformation=, _n.f._, reformation, amendment. _La — des monnaies_; the re-stamping of coin. =réforme=, _n.f._, reform, reformation, amendment; (milit.) reduction, discharge. _Traitement de —_; (milit.) half-pay. _Être mis à la —_; (milit.) to be put on half-pay. _Être en —_; (milit.) to be on half-pay. _Congé de —_; (milit.) discharge. _Cheval de —_; cast horse. =réformé=, =-e=, _part._, reformed. _La religion —e_; the Protestant religion. _Un officier —_; a half-pay officer. =réformé=, _n.m._, reformer, reformist. =réformer=, _v.a._, to reform, to mend, to improve. _— ses mœurs_; to reform one’s morals. _— sa vie_; to amend one’s life. _— les abus_; to reform abuses. _— son train_; to reduce the number of one’s servants. _— les monnaies_; to re-stamp coin. _— des troupes_; to discharge troops. _— un officier_; to put an officer on half-pay. _— un soldat_; to discharge a soldier. _se_ =réformer=, _v.r._, to reform, to amend; to be reformed. =reformer=, _v.a._, to form again, to form anew. _se_ =réformer=, _v.r._, to form again, to be formed anew. =réformiste=, _n.m._, reformer, reformist. =refortifier=, _v.a._, to fortify again. =refouetter=, _v.a._, to whip again. =refoulement= (re-fool-mān), _n.m._, driving back, suppression, compressing, forcing back; ebbing (of the tide). _Le — des eaux_; the flowing back of the waters. _Le — de la marée_; the ebbing of the tide. _Le — d’une armée_; the driving back of an army. =refouler=, _v.a._, to drive back, to repel; to compress; (artil.) to ram. _— la marée_; to stem, to go against the tide. =refouler=, _v.n._, to ebb; to flow back. _La marée refoule_; the tide is ebbing. =refouloir=, _n.m._, cannon-rammer. =refournir=, _v.a._, to furnish again, to stock anew. =réfractaire=, _adj._, refractory, stubborn, obstinate, rebellious; impervious (to); fire-proof. =réfractaire=, _n.m._, (milit.) defaulting conscript, defaulter. =réfracter=, _v.a._, (phys.) to refract. _se_ =réfracter=, _v.r._, to be refracted. =réfracti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, refractive. =réfraction=, _n.f._, (phys.) refraction. =refrain=, _n.m._, refrain, burden of a song; constant theme; (nav., l.u.) rolling back of billows (after breaking on rocks), surf. _C’est son — continuel_; it is his constant theme; he is always harping upon it. =refrangibilité=, _n.f._, refrangibility. =réfrangible=, _adj._, refrangible. =refrapper=, _v.n._, to strike again, to knock again. _— la monnaie_; to restamp coin. =refréner=, _v.a._, to bridle, to restrain; to curb, to repress. =réfrigérant=, =-e=, _adj._, refrigerant. _Mélange —_; freezing mixture. =réfrigérant=, _n.m._, (med.) refrigerant. =réfrigérati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) refrigerative. =réfrigératif=, _n.m._, (med.) refrigerative. =réfrigération=, _n.f._, (chem.) refrigeration. ☉=réfrigératoire=, _adj._, refrigerative. =réfringent=, =-e=, _adj._, refracting. =refrire=, _v.a._, to fry again. =refriser=, _v.a._, to curl again. =refrogné=, =-e=, _or_ =renfrogné=, =-e=, _part._, frowning, scowling, gruff, surly, sullen. _Air —_; scowling, sullen look. *=refrognement= _or_ =renfrognement=, _n.m._, frown, scowl, knitting of the brows. _se_ =refrogner= or _se_ =renfrogner=, _v.r._, to frown, to knit one’s brows. =refroidi=, =-e=, _part._, chilled, cooled. =refroidir=, _v.a._, to cool, to chill. _se_ =refroidir=, _v.r._, to cool, to grow cold _or_ cool; to slacken, to relax, to relent, to abate. =refroidir=, _v.n._, to cool, to become cold. =refroidissement= (-dis-mān), _n.m._, cooling, coolness; coldness; chill, cold. _J’ai pris un —_; I have caught a chill. =refrotter=, _v.a._, to rub again. =refuge=, _n.m._, refuge, shelter, asylum, resting place; resource, protection. _— assuré_; safe refuge. _Lieu de —_; place of safety. =réfugié=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, refugee. _se_ =réfugier=, _v.r._, to take refuge, shelter; (fig.) to have recourse (to); to shelter one’s self (behind). =refuir=, _v.n._, (hunt.) to double. =refuite=, _n.f._, (hunt.) shift, doubling; (l.u.) shuffling, evasion. =refus=, _n.m._, refusal, denial; thing refused. _Essuyer un —_; to meet with a refusal. _Un — net_; a flat refusal. _Cela n’est pas de —_; that is not to be refused, _or_ is very acceptable. _Ce n’est pas à son —_; it has not been offered him _or_ he has not had the refusal of it. _Enfoncer un pieu jusqu’à — de mouton_; (tech.) to ram a pile in (until driven home). _Ce pieu est au —_; this pile is set, driven home. =refusable=, _adj._, refusable. =refuser=, _v.a._, to refuse; to deny; to decline, not to accept, to grudge, to demur. _— des présents_; to refuse presents. _— la porte à quelqu’un_; to deny any one admittance; to shut one’s door (against). _se_ =refuser=, _v.r._, to deny one’s self, to deprive one’s self of; not to permit; to grudge one’s self; to shun, to avoid; to withstand, to resist. _Il se refuse le nécessaire_; he denies himself the necessaries of life. =refuser=, _v.n._, to refuse; to decline; (man.) to refuse to advance; (nav.) to scant; not to come to the wind. =refuseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, refuser. =réfutable=, _adj._, refutable. =réfutateur=, _n.m._, refuter, confuter. =réfutation=, _n.f._, refutation, confutation, disproof. =réfuter=, _v.a._, to refute, to confute, to disprove. _se_ =réfuter=, _v.r._, to refute each other; to be refuted. *=regagner=, _v.a._, to regain, to get again, to win back, to recover; to retrieve; to rejoin, to overtake, to reach, to gain over. _— le dessus_; to get the upper hand again. _— le vent sur l’ennemi_; (nav.) to get the weather-gauge of the enemy. _— quelqu’un_; to gain any one over _or_ to overtake any one. _— la maison_; to return home, to reach home. *=regaillardir=, _v.a._, to make merry, to enliven, to revive, to give a fillip to. _V._ =ragaillardir=. =regain=, _n.m._, aftermath, after-grass; (fig.) revival, return; (of life) new lease of. _— de jeunesse_; a second youth. _— de vie_; a new lease of life. =régal=, _n.m._, feast, entertainment, treat; pleasure. _C’est un vrai — pour moi_; it is a real treat for me. =régalade=, _n.f._, (fam.) gulping down; blazing fire; treating; treat. _Boire à la —_; to gulp down; to pour (wine, etc.) down one’s throat, without putting the glass to one’s lips. =régalant=, =-e=, _adj._, amusing, pleasant, entertaining. =régale=, _n.m._, (mus.) regal, vox humana (stop). =régale=, _n.f._, right, regalia (F. Hist.). =régale=, _adj.f._, (l.u.) royal. _Eau —_; aqua regia (nitro-hydrochloric acid). =régalement= (-gal-mān), _n.m._, ☉assessment, equalization (of taxes); leveling (of ground); ☉equalization (of shares in an inheritance). =régaler=, _v.a._, to regale, to treat, to feast, to entertain; ☉to assess taxes; to level (ground) _se_ =régaler=, _v.r._, to feast, to entertain _or_ treat one another; to regale one’s self; to enjoy one’s self. =régaleur=, _n.m._, entertainer, leveler. ☉=régalien= (-in), _adj.m._, regal, royal. =regard=, _n.m._, look; gaze, stare; glance; eye, eyes; (astrol.) aspect; two pictures looking at one another. _pl._, eyes; attention, notice; (tech.) draft-hole, man-hole. _— tendre_; tender look. _Lancer un —_; to dart a look. _Jeter ses —s de côté et d’autre_; to cast one’s eyes about. _Jeter un — sur_; to cast a glance at. _Adoucir ses —s_; to soften one’s countenance. _Fixer les —s de quelqu’un_; to catch any one’s eye; to arrest any one’s attention. _Au — sombre_; dull-eyed. _En —_; opposite. _Avoir — sur_; to look into, to face. _Promener ses —s sur_; to cast one’s eyes upon, _or_ round. _Abaisser les —s_; to look down. _Au — de_, _V._ =à l’égard de=. =regardable=, _adj._, to be worth looking at; to be looked at. =regardant=, _n.m._, beholder, looker-on, spectator. =regardant=, =-e=, _adj._, too strict, particular, nice; economical, near, saving, niggardly. =regarder=, _v.a._, to look at; to look on; to behold; to face, to be opposite, to look into; to consider, to mind, to look up to; to regard, to concern. _— quelqu’un_; to look at any one. _— quelqu’un fixement_; to stare at any one. _— par un trou_; to look (at) through a hole. _— quelqu’un de haut en bas_; to look down upon any one, to look any one down (with contempt). _— comme_; to look upon as, to consider as, to repute. _Cela vous regarde_; that concerns you. _Se faire —_; to attract notice. _se_ =regarder=, _v.r._, to look at one’s self; to look at each other; to look upon one’s self as; to consider one another as; to be opposite to each other; to be in front of each other. =regarder=, _v.n._, to look, to face, to be opposite, to front; to mind, to pay heed to. _Ma chambre regarde sur le jardin_; my room overlooks the garden. _Regardez-y bien_; take heed. _Y —_; to be particular, to consider. _Y — à deux fois_; to think twice. _Y — de près_; to be particular about. _Je n’y regarde pas de si près_; I am not so particular as all that. =regarnir=, _v.a._, to furnish again; to retrim. =régate=, _n.f._, regatta, boat-race. =regayer=, _v.a._, to comb hemp. =regayoir=, _n.m._, hemp-comb. =regayure=, _n.f._, refuse of hemp. =regazonnement=, _n.m._, returfing. =regazonner=, _v.a._, to returf. =regel=, _n.m._, renewed frost, freezing again. =regeler=, _v.n._, to freeze again. =régence=, _n.f._, regency. =régénérat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, regenerator; regenerating, reproducing. =régénération=, _n.f._, regeneration. =régénérer=, _v.a._, to regenerate. _se_ =régénérer=, _v.r._, to be regenerated. =régent=, =-e=, _adj._, regent. =régent=, _n.m._, regent; master (of a college); governor, director (of the bank of France); name of a large diamond of the French crown. =régenter=, _v.a._ and _n._, ☉to teach; (fig.) to domineer, to lord it over, to hector. =regermer=, _v.n._, to regerminate. =régicide=, _n.m._ and _adj._, regicide; regicidal. =régie=, _n.f._, administration; administration of the taxes; excise, excisemen; excise-office. _Officier de la —_; exciseman. =regimbement=, _n.m._, kicking (of horses); resistance, revolt, kicking against. =regimber=, _v.n._, to kick (of horses); (fig.) to resist; to revolt, to kick against. =régime=, _n.m._, regimen; diet; form of government; rule; reign; law; order of things; (gram.) object, objective case. _Mettre au —_; to diet. _Être au —_; to be on low diet. _Vivre de —_; to live by rule. _Se mettre au —_; to diet one’s self. =régiment=, _n.m._, regiment. =régimentaire=, _adj._, regimental. =région=, _n.f._, region, country. =régional=, _adj._, local (district); industrial, agricultural. =régir=, _v.a._, to govern, to rule; to administer, to manage. =régisseur=, _n.m._, manager, steward. =régistrateur=, _n.m._, registrar, recorder (in the Pope’s chancellor’s office). =registre=, _n.m._, register, book, account; register (of an organ); (mus.) draw-stop; (print.) register; damper (of chimneys); vane (of a steam-engine). _Rapporter sur un —_; to enter in a register. _Il est sur mes —s_; I have him on my books. _Tenir —_; to keep account (of). =registrer=, _v.a._, to register, to record. =regître=, _n.m._ _V._ =registre=. =regîtrer=, _v.a._ _V._ =registrer=. =réglage=, _n.m._, ruling (of paper); regulating, settling; setting, timing (of watches, clocks, etc.). =règle=, _n.f._, rule, ruler; order; pattern, model, example; guide, regulation; (arith.) sum. _pl._, menses, courses. _Cela est de —_; that is the rule. _Dans les —s_; according to rule, in due form. _Être en —_, _se mettre en —_; to be in order, to have everything in order. _— à coulisse_; sliding rule. =réglé=, =-e=, _adj._, ruled; regulated, regular, steady. _— comme un papier de musique_; as regular as clock-work. _Une vie —e_; a regular life. _À des heures —es_; at regular hours. _Il a le pouls —_; his pulse is regular. =règlement=, _n.m._, regulation; laws, by-laws; standing order; settlement (of accounts); (mil.) roster. _Violer le —_; to commit a breach of order. _Vous manquez au —_; you are breaking the rules. _— de compte_; settlement of an account. =réglément=, _adv._, regularly, exactly. =réglementaire=, _adj._, according to regulations, allowed, lawful, usual, customary. =réglementation=, _n.f._, regulating. =réglementer=, _v.a._ and _n._, to regulate. =régler=, _v.a._, to rule, to regulate, to square; to order; to settle; to determine, to decide; to time. _— sa dépense_; to regulate one’s expenses. _— ses affaires_; to settle one’s affairs. _— une pendule_; to set a clock right. _— un différend_; to settle a difference. _se_ =régler=, _v.r._, to regulate one’s self by; to imitate, to follow the example of, to be guided (by); to be regulated, to time one’s self (upon). _Se — sur la vertu_; to be guided by virtue. _Je ne me règle pas sur cela_; I don’t go by that. _Je me réglerai sur vous_; I shall time myself by you. =réglet=, _n.m._, (print.) rule; (arch.) girth. =réglette=, _n.f._, (print.) reglet. =régleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, ruler, paper-ruler. =réglisse=, _n.f._, licorice. _Du jus de —_; Spanish liquorice. _— en bâton_; stick licorice. =réglure=, _n.f._, ruling (of paper). *=régnant=, =-e=, _adj._, reigning, prevailing, present; prevalent; predominating, predominant, chief. *=règne=, _n.m._, reign; prevalence; vogue, fashion, crown (over the high altar in churches); kingdom; tiara (of the pope). _— animal_; animal kingdom. *=régner=, _v.n._, to reign, to govern, to rule, to bear sway, to prevail; to be in fashion; (arch.) to reach. _La maladie qui règne_; the prevailing disease. =régnicole=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._ (rēg-ni-), (jur.) native, citizen; naturalized subject. =regonflement=, _n.m._, re-inflation, swelling anew. =regonfler=, _v.n._, to swell, to overflow. =regonfler=, _v.a._, to swell again; to inflate, to fill again. =regorgement=, _n.m._, overflowing (of fluids); overflow, superabundance. =regorger=, _v.n._, to overflow, to run over, to abound with, to teem with; to be glutted, to be crowded _or_ crammed (with). _La salle regorgeait de monde_; the hall was crowded with spectators. _Cette province regorge de blé_; that province abounds in corn. _— de santé_; to be in rude health. _Faire —_; to compel to disgorge. =regouler=, _v.a._, (pop.) to snub; to surfeit. =regoûter=, _v.a._, to taste again. =regracier=, _v.a._, to pardon again, a second time. =regrat=, _n.m._, (l.u.) huckstering; huckster’s shop; ☉retail salt-shop. =regrattage=, _n.m._, (mas.) regrating, rescraping. =regratter=, _v.a._, to scratch again; to scrape again; (mas.) to regrate. =regratter=, _v.n._, to huckster; (l.u.) to haggle; to make illegitimate petty profits. =regratterie= (-gra-trî), _n.f._, huckster’s trade; huckstery, huckster’s wares. =regratti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, huckster, huckstress; dealer in second-hand goods; (fig.) scribbler, compiler, hack; haggler. =regreffer=, _v.a._, to graft again. =régressi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, regressive, retrogressive. =régression=, _n.f._, regression, retrogression. =regret=, _n.m._, regret. _Avoir du —_; to feel regret, to be sorry. _J’ai — que vous n’ayez pas vu cette pièce_; I regret that you have not seen that play. _À —_; with regret, with reluctance, grudgingly. =regrettable=, _adj._, lamentable, regrettable, deplorable. =regrettablement=, _adv._, lamentably. =regretter=, _v.a._, to regret, to lament, to grieve (at); to be sorry (for); to repent, to miss. _Tout le monde le regrette_; he is regretted by everybody. _Je regrette qu’il ne soit pas ici_; I regret that he is not here. _Je vous regrette_; I miss you. _Le regretté ..._; the late lamented ... =regrossir=, _v.a._, (engr.) to make thicker. =reguinder= (-ghin-), _v.a.n._, to hoist again; to soar again. _se_ =reguinder=, _v.r._, to soar again (of a hawk). =régularisation=, _n.f._, putting in order; settlement. =régulariser=, _v.a._, to put in order, to settle. =régularité=, _n.f._, regularity, strict observance (of rules); strictness; ecclesiastical state. =régulateur=, _n.m._, regulator; standard. _Le — d’une horloge_; the regulator of a clock. _— de tirage_; damper. =régulat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, regulating. =régule=, _n.m._, (chem.) pure metal; (orni.) regulus, kinglet; (disparagingly, of persons) kingling, kinglet. =réguli-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, regular, steady; punctual, exact. =régulier=, _n.m._, regular (of monks, soldiers). =régulièrement= (-lier-mān), _adv._, regularly, punctually, steadily. =régurgitation=, _n.f._, reabsorption. =régurgiter=, _v.a._, to throw, or pour, back. =réhabilitation=, _n.f._, rehabilitation, vindication; (of bankrupts) discharge. =réhabiliter=, _v.a._, to rehabilitate, to reinstate; to restore to; to vindicate. _se_ =réhabiliter=, _v.r._, to rehabilitate one’s self, to reinstate, to re-establish one’s self, to pay twenty shillings in the pound. =réhabituer=, _v.a._, to use, to reaccustom. _se_ =réhabituer=, _v.r._, to reaccustom one’s self. =rehacher=, _v.a._, to mince again. =rehanter=, _v.a._, to frequent again. =rehasarder=, _v.a._, to venture again. =rehaussé=, =-e=, _adj._, heightened, enhanced; set off, enriched. =rehaussement= (-hôs-mān), _n.m._, raising, heightening; enhancing; increase of value (of coin). =rehausser=, _v.a._, to raise, to heighten, to set off, to enrich; to set forth, to extol, to cry up, to enhance, to raise the value of. _— le mérite d’une action_; to enhance the merit of an action. _— d’or et d’argent_; to enrich with gold and silver. =rehauts= (rĕ-hô), _n.m.pl._, (paint.) lightest parts of a picture. =reheurter=, _v.a._, to knock, _or_ to hit, again. =réimportation=, _n.f._, (com.) re-importation. =réimporter=, _v.a._, to import again. =réimposer=, _v.a._, to reassess; to lay on again; (print.) to reimpose. =réimposition=, _n.f._, further assessment; (print.) reimposing. =réimpression=, _n.f._, reprinting; reprint, reissue. =réimprimer=, _v.a._, to print again, to reissue. =rein=, _n.m._, kidney; rein (of an arch), skirt (of a wood). _pl._, loins, reins, back. _Douleur dans les —s_; pain in the loins. _Poursuivre quelqu’un l’épée dans les —s_; to pursue any one very close. _Il a les —s forts_; he is strong-backed; (fig.) he has a long purse. _Douleur des —s_; pains in the back. _Se donner un tour de —s_; to sprain one’s back. _Chute des —s_; small of the back. _Les —s d’une voûte_; the haunches, _or_ shoulder, of a vault. =reinaire=, _adj._, (bot.) having the shape of a kidney; reniform. =réincorporer=, _v.a._, to reincorporate. =reine=, _n.f._, queen. _— régnante_; reigning queen, queen regnant. _— mère_; queen mother. _— douairière_; queen dowager. _Faire la —_; to act the queen. _—-des-prés_, (_—s-—_) (bot.) meadow-sweet. =reine-claude=, _n.f._, (_—s-—_) (bot.) greengage. =reine-marguerite=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) (bot.) China-aster. Chinese starwort, starwort. _V._ =marguerite=. =reinette=, _n.f._, russet; rennet; pippin. _— d’Angleterre_; golden pippin. =réinfecter=, _v.a._, to reinfect, to taint again. =réinstallation=, _n.f._, reinstallment. =réinstaller=, _v.a._, to reinstall. =reinté=, =-e=, _adj._, broad-loined, strong-backed. =réintégrande=, _n.f._, (jur.) restoration. =réintégration=, _n.f._, reinstatement; (com.) re-warehousing. =réintégrer=, _v.a._, to reinstate; to re-warehouse. =réinventer=, _v.a._, to invent anew. =réinviter=, _v.a._, to invite again. =reis=, _n.m._, (_—_) chief. _—-effendi_; Turkish Secretary of state for Foreign Affairs. =réitérati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, repeated, reiterative. =réitération=, _n.f._, reiteration, repetition. =réitérer=, _v.a._, to reiterate, to repeat. =reître=, _n.m._, reiter (German horse soldier of the 14th and 15th centuries). _C’est un vieux —_; he is an old fox. *=rejaillir=, _v.n._, to gush, to gush out, to spurt out, to fly out, to stream, to spring out, to spout, to spout out; to reflect, to be reflected, to flash; to fly back; to rebound, to cast a reflection (upon); to be hurled back. *=rejaillissement= (-is-mān), _n.m._, gushing, gushing out, spouting, spouting forth, springing out, spurting, spurting out; springing, rebounding; reflection, flashing (of light); rebound, flying back (of a solid body). =rejaunir=, _v.n._, to grow yellow again. =réjection=, _n.f._, rejection. =rejet=, _n.m._, rejection; throwing out; young shoot, sprig, sprout; (geol.) out-throw; (fin.) carrying; transfer; cast, swarm (of bees); springe (for woodcock). =rejetable=, _adj._, that may be rejected, rejectable. =rejeteau=, _n.m._, weather-board _or_ bead (of a door _or_ window). =rejeter= (rĕj-té), _v.a._, to throw again; to drive back, to throw back; to cast _or_ throw up _or_ out; to throw, to throw away; to put forth (of plants); to refuse to accept, to reject; to set aside; to deny; (fin.) to carry; to transfer. _— le blâme sur_; to throw the blame on. _— un compte sur_; to carry or transfer an account (to). _se_ =rejeter=, _v.r._, to have recourse to, to fall back (upon); to throw back to each other; to be rejected. =rejeter=, _v.n._, to shoot (of plants). =rejetoir=, _n.m._, springe, gin, noose. =rejeton= (rĕj-ton), _n.m._, (bot.) shoot, sprout; (hort.) offset; (fig.) scion, offspring. =rejettement=, _n.m._, rejection. =rejoindre=, _v.a._, to rejoin, to join again, to join; to reunite; to meet again; to overtake; to catch up. _se_ =rejoindre=, _v.r._, to join again, to catch each other up again, to be joined together again; to reunite, to meet again. =rejointoiement= (-toa-mān), _n.m._, (mas.) rejointing; repointing. =rejointoyer=, _v.a._, (mas.) to rejoint, to repoint. =rejouer=, _v.a._, to play again; to act again. _Se —_; to be played, _or_ acted, again. =rejouer=, _v.n._, to play again; to recall a move. =réjoui=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, jovial, joyous, merry person; jovial, joyous, merry. _Un gros —_; a jovial man; jolly fellow. _Grosse —e_; buxom woman, _or_ lass. =réjouir=, _v.a._, to rejoice, to gladden, to delight, to divert, to entertain, to make merry; to cheer, to exhilarate. _Cette couleur réjouit la vue_; that color pleases the eye. _Le vin réjouit le cœur_; wine makes the heart glad. _se_ =réjouir=, _v.r._, to be _or_ to make merry, to enjoy one’s self; to rejoice (at); to be delighted (at), to enjoy one’s self, to be glad (of or at). =réjouissance=, _n.f._, rejoicing; coarse meat; make-weight. _pl._, rejoicings, merry-making. _En signe de —_; as a sign of rejoicing. =réjouissant=, =-e=, _adj._, jovial, joyous, cheerful; gladsome, rejoicing, cheering, diverting, amusing. =relâchant=, =-e=, _adj._, loosening, opening, laxative, relaxing. =relâchant=, _n.m._, opening medicine, laxative. =relâche=, _n.m._, intermission, remission; discontinuance; rest, respite; relaxation; (thea.) no performance. _Il y a — au théâtre ce soir_; there is no performance at the theater this evening. _—!_ closed (of theaters). _Sans —_; without intermission. =relâche=, _n.f._, (nav.) any place fit to put into; putting into port; calling at a port. =relâché=, =-e=, _adj._, loose, remiss, lax, relaxed. _Morale —e_; loose doctrine. =relâchement= (-lâsh-mān), _n.m._, slackness, looseness, laxness; slackening, loosening, relaxing; diminution; intermission; abatement; relaxation, rest; remissness; laxity (of morals). _— des nerfs_; relaxing of the nerves. =relâcher=, _v.a._, to slacken, to loose, to loosen, to unbend, to relax; to let go, to release, to set at liberty; to yield, to give up, to abate. _se_ =relâcher=, _v.r._, to grow slack _or_ loose; to slacken, to abate, to give way, to relax, to unbend; to fall off; to flag; to get milder (of the weather). _Se — l’esprit_; to unbend one’s mind, to take relaxation. =relâcher=, _v.n._, to abate, to remit, to relax, to flag; (nav.) to put into port, to touch at. =relais=, _n.m._, relay (fresh horses); stage; posting-house (where fresh horses are taken). _Chevaux de —_; fresh horses; (hunt.) relay; opening (in carpet-making); (fort.) _V._ =berme=. _Être de —_; to be unemployed, to have nothing to do, to be disengaged, at leisure. =relaissé=, _adj.m._, (hunt.) resting (of hares). =relaisser=, _v.n._, (hunt.) to rest (of hares). =relancer=, _v.a._, (hunt.) to start again; to turn out again; to urge, to rouse, to answer sharply, to put down, to take up short (by an answer). _— quelqu’un_; to put any one down; to take any one up short. =relaps=, =-e= (rĕ-laps), _n._ and _adj._, relapser; relapsed; relapsed into heresy. =rélargir=, _v.a._, to widen, to let out (clothes). =rélargissement= (-jis-mān), _n.m._, widening; letting out (clothes). =relater=, _v.a._, (jur.) to relate, to state. =relateur=, _n.m._, (l.u.) relater, narrator. =relati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, relative, relating. =relatif=, _n.m._, (gram.) relative. =relation=, _n.f._, relation, reference; respect, account, recital; statement; connection. _pl._, relations, connections, intercourse; communication, correspondence. _Être en —s avec quelqu’un_; to be connected with any one, to be in correspondence with any one. _— exacte_; exact account. =relationnaire=, _n.m._, narrator, relater. =relativement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, relatively, comparatively. =relativité=, _n.f._, relativeness. =relatter=, _v.a._, to lath anew. =relaver=, _v.a._, to wash again. =relaxation=, _n.f._, (jur., med.) laxness; enlargement; relaxation, abatement, remission. _— d’un prisonnier_; release of a prisoner. =relaxé=, _adj._, relaxed, slackened, released. =relaxer=, _v.a._, to relax; to enlarge; to release. =relayer=, _v.a._, to take the place of, _or_ to relieve, any one. _se_ =relayer=, _v.r._, to relieve one another; to take it in turns. =relayer=, _v.n._, to take fresh horses, to change horses. =relayeur=, _n.m._, job post-master. =relécher=, _v.a._, to lick again. =relégation=, _n.f._, (jur.) banishment; exile; relegation. =reléguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to banish; to send off; to shut up; to consign; to relegate; to seclude. _se_ =reléguer=, _v.r._, to shut one’s self up, to seclude one’s self. =relent=, _n.m._, mustiness, moldiness. _Sentir le —_; to smell moldy. =relevage=, _n.m._, raising; collection (of letters); clearing (letter boxes). *=relevailles= (rĕl-vâ-ye), _n.f.pl._, churching of a woman. _Faire ses —_; to be churched. =relevant=, =-e= (rĕl-vān, -t), _adj._, held, being holden; depending. =relevé= (rĕl-vé), _n.m._, abstract, extract, statement, return; shifting (of a horse’s shoe). _Faire un — de compte_; to make an abstract of an account. =relevé=, =-e= (rĕl-vé), _adj._, raised; erect; high, exalted, lofty, refined. _Une condition —e_; a high rank. _Pensée —e_; noble thought. _D’un ton —_; in a refined tone. _De la viande d’un goût —_; high-seasoned meat. =relevée= (rĕl-vé), _n.f._, (jur.) afternoon. _De —_; in the afternoon. =relèvement= (rĕ-lèv-mān), _n.m._, raising again; statement, account; (nav.) rising, bearing. =relever= (rĕl-vé), _v.a._, to raise again, to lift up again; to tuck up; to restore; to raise; to curl up, to twirl up; to heighten, to relieve, to set off; to cry up, to extol; to notice, to remark; to take up; to give a relish to; to liberate, to free; to retort; to criticize; (nav.) to take the bearings of. _— des fortifications_; to restore fortifications. _— un fossé_; to raise up the banks of a ditch. _— le courage de quelqu’un_; to raise any one’s courage. _Relevez votre robe_; tuck up your gown. _— les bords d’un chapeau_; to turn up the rim of a hat. _— un mot_; to criticize a word. _— la tête_; to raise one’s head again. _La parure relève la bonne mine_; dress sets off a handsome face. _— une action_; to extol an action. _— quelqu’un_; to raise any one. _Se faire — de ses vœux_; to get one’s vows annulled. _— la garde_; to relieve guard. _— une sentinelle_; to relieve a sentry. _— un vaisseau_; to get a ship afloat again. _— l’ancre_; to shift the position of the anchor. _— une côte_; to take the bearings of a coast; to survey a coast. _— le quart_; (nav.) to set the watch. _se_ =relever=, _v.r._, to rise again; to get up again, to rise; to rise up, to get up; to recover, to retrieve one’s losses; to relieve each other; to take turns; to be raised; (nav.) to right itself (of a ship). =relever=, _v.r._, to recover; to get better; to turn up; to depend; to be dependent upon; to be amenable (to) (jur.). _— de maladie_; to recover from illness. _— de coucher_; to be about again (after confinement); to be churched. =releveur=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (anat.) levator; elevator. =reliage=, _n.m._, hooping (of casks). =relief=, _n.m._, relief, relievo, embossment; embossing; set-off. _Bas-—_, (_—-—s_) bas-relief, bass-relief, basso-relievo, low-relief. _Haut_, _plein —_, _— entier_; high-relief, alto-relievo. _Demi-—_, (_—-—_) demi-relievo. _Ouvrage de —_; work in relief. _Donner du —_; to set off; to give relief; to make conspicuous; to give importance to. ☉=reliefs=, _n.m.pl._, remains, leavings, broken scraps (from the table). =reliement=, _n.m._, union, joining, junction; connecting, connection. =relier=, _v.a._, to hoop (casks); to bind (books). =relieur=, _n.m._, binder, bookbinder. =religieuse=, _n.f._, nun. =religieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, religiously, strictly, scrupulously, faithfully. =religieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, religious, spiritual; exact, strict, punctual. =religieux=, _n.m._, friar, monk, brother. =religion=, _n.f._, religion, creed; religious worship; piety, godliness, faith; (fig.) scruple, conscientiousness, conscience. _Se faire une — d’une chose_; to make a thing a matter of conscience _or_ of duty. _— réformée_; protestant religion. _Entrer en —_; to become a monk, a nun. _Mourir en —_; to die in the Lord, _or_ to die a Christian. =religionnaire=, _n.m._, Protestant. =religiosité=, _n.f._, ☉excessive scrupulousness in religious matters; religiousness. =relimage=, _n.m._, filing again. =relimer=, _v.a._, to file again; to polish; to work up. =reliquaire=, _n.m._, reliquary; shrine. =reliquat=, _n.m._, balance, remainder of an account; remains (of a disease); ☉remains of a feast. =reliquataire=, _n.m._, debtor owing a balance; debtor. =relique=, _n.f._, relic. _Les —s d’un saint_; the shrine of a saint. _Je n’ai pas grand’foi à ses —s_; I have not much confidence in him. =relire=, _v.a._, to read over again. =reliure=, _n.f._, binding (of books). =relocation=, _n.f._, (jur.) letting anew; reletting, fresh lease. =reloger=, _v.a._ and _n._, to lodge again, to dwell again. =relouer=, _v.a._, to let again; to underlet; to rent again. =reluire=, _v.n._, to shine, to glitter, to glisten. _Tout ce qui reluit n’est pas or_; all is not gold that glitters. =reluisant=, =-e=, _adj._, bright, shining, glittering. =reluquer=, _v.a._, to cast sheep’s eyes on; to ogle; to leer at; to have an eye upon, to long for (fig.). _— une terre_; to covet a certain property. _— un héritage_; to covet an inheritance. =reluqueu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, ogler; coveter. =remâcher=, _v.a._, to chew again, to ruminate; to revolve in one’s mind. =remaçonner=, _v.a._, to repair (mas.). _Se —_; to be repaired. *=rémailler=, _v.a._, to enamel again. =remailler=, _v.a._, to mend, to repair the meshes of (in stockings, knitting, fishing nets, etc.). =remander=, _v.a._, to send word again. =remaniement= _or_ =remanîment=, _n.m._, handling again; touching again; (print.) overrunning; doing over again, repairing, altering, changing. =remanier=, _v.a._, to handle again; to touch again; to repair; to retouch, to do over again; (print.) to overrun. _— le papier_; (print.) to turn the paper. =remarchander=, _v.a._, to haggle again. =remarcher=, _v.n._, to walk _or_ go again; to march again. =remarier=, _v.a._, to marry again. _se_ =remarier=, _v.r._, to marry a second time; to be married again. =remarquable=, _adj._, remarkable, conspicuous. =remarquablement=, _adv._, remarkably, conspicuously. =remarque=, _n.f._, remark, observation, notice. _Digne de —_; worthy of notice, noteworthy. =remarquer=, _v.a._, to mark again, to make another mark; to note, to observe, to notice, to take notice; to remark, to distinguish. _Se faire —_; to attract notice, to distinguish one’s self. _Faire —_; to observe, to point out; to call attention to. _se_ =remarquer=, _v.r._, to be remarked, noticed. =remasquer=, _v.a._, to mask again. _se_ =remasquer=, _v.r._, to put on one’s mask again. =remballage=, _n.m._, re-packing. =remballer=, _v.a._, to pack up again. =rembarquement=, _n.m._, re-embarkation; re-embarkment, re-shipping, re-shipment. =rembarquer=, _v.a._, to re-embark; to ship again. _se_ =rembarquer=, _v.r._, to re-embark; to go on board again; to engage again (in anything). =rembarrer=, _v.a._, to repel, to repulse; to retort on, to set down, to take up short, to stop at once. =remblai=, _n.m._, filling up; embanking; rubbish. =remblayer=, _v.a._, to embank, to fill up (with rubbish); to resow (with corn). =remboîtement= (-boat-mān), _n.m._, setting (of a bone); fitting in again, clamping. =remboîter=, _v.a._, to set (a bone); to fit in again, to clamp (pieces of joinery). =rembourrage= _or_ =rembourrement= (ran-boor-), _n.m._, stuffing, padding. =rembourrer=, _v.a._, to stuff (with flock _or_ hair); to stuff out, to pad. _se_ =rembourrer=, _v.r._, (pop.) to stuff up (to eat gluttonously). =remboursable=, _adj._, repayable, reimbursable; (fin.) redeemable. =remboursement=, _n.m._, reimbursement, repayment. _Contre —_; on payment, on cash remittance. _Faire suivre en —_; to require payment on delivery, to charge forward. =rembourser=, _v.a._, to reimburse, to repay, to refund. _se_ =rembourser=, _v.r._, to reimburse one’s self, to repay one’s self. =rembraser=, _v.a._, to kindle again. =rembrasser=, _v.a._, to embrace again. =rembruni=, =-e=, _adj._, brown, dark, gloomy, dull, cloudy. _Un air —_; a gloomy look. _Teint —_; dark complexion. =rembrunir=, _v.a._, to make dark _or_ darker, to darken; to cloud; to sadden. _se_ =rembrunir=, _v.r._, to get, _or_ grow, darker; to become cloudy, gloomy; to become sad, melancholy. _Son front se rembrunit_; his brow grew darker. =rembrunissement= (-nis-mān), _n.m._, darkening, becoming darker. =rembuchement= (-bûsh-mān), _n.m._, (hunt.) return to covert. _se_ =rembucher=, _v.r._, (hunt.) to return to covert. =remède=, _n.m._, remedy; medicine, cure; (med.) clyster. _Sans —_; without remedy, past recovery. _Susceptible de —_; remediable, not by any means hopeless. _Être dans les —s_; to take remedies. _Se mettre dans les —s_; to take remedies, physic. _Apporter du — à_; to remedy, to stop. _Un — à tous maux_; a plaster for all sores. _Le grand —_; the grand remedy, mercury. _A chose faite point de —_; what is done cannot be undone. _C’est un vrai — d’amour que cette femme!_ that woman is a horrid old fright. =remédiable=, _adj._, remediable. =remédier=, _v.n._, to remedy, to cure, to stop. _— à un mal_; to remedy an evil. _On ne saurait y —_; that can’t be helped. =remêler=, _v.a._, to mix again; to shuffle again. =remémora-teur=, =-trice=, _adj._, reminding. =remémorati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, commemorative; reminding. ☉=remémorer=, _v.a._, to put in mind of, to remind of. ☉_se_ =remémorer=, _v.r._, to recollect. =remener=, _v.a._, to take back, to lead back; to carry back, to bring back (a person). =remerciement= _or_ =remercîment=, _n.m._, thanks. _Faire des —s_; to return thanks. =remercier=, _v.a._, to thank, to give _or_ return thanks; to decline; not to accept; to discharge. _Je vous remercie_; I thank you. =réméré=, _n.m._, (jur.) redemption, repurchase. _Faculté de —_; power of redemption. _Vente à —_; sale with power of redemption. =remesurer=, _v.a._, to measure again. =remetteu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, remitter, remittor. =remettre=, _v.a._, to put again, to put on again, to wear again; to put back, to put back again, to set again; to lay again; to set (a bone); to restore, to reinstate; to recover, to make well; to reassure; to remove; to deliver, to give up; to return, to deliver up, to hand over; to put off, to delay; to remit, to forgive, to pardon; to leave one the care of; to intrust; to remember, to recognize. _— à la voile_; to set sail again. _— l’épée dans le fourreau_; to put up one’s sword. _— une armée sur pied_; to raise new forces. _— dans l’esprit_; to remind. _— quelqu’un_; to recollect any one, to know any one again. _Je vous remets_; I recollect your face. _— en bon ordre_; to restore to order. _— en bonne intelligence_; to reconcile, to reunite. _Le voilà tout à fait remis_; he is quite recovered. _— l’esprit_; to soothe the mind (of). _— une lettre à son adresse_; to deliver a letter (to its address). _Faire —_; to have something, _or_ to cause something to be, delivered, conveyed, _or_ handed over; to send, to forward. _— de l’argent_; to remit money. _— d’un jour à l’autre_; to put off from day to day. _— une chose à la décision de quelqu’un_; to refer a matter to any one. _— en question_; to unsettle, to call in question again. _se_ =remettre=, _v.r._, to apply one’s self again; to resume; to set one’s self again; to call to mind; to recover from, to grow well again; to recover, _or_ to compose, one’s self; (hunt.) to light (of birds); to resign one’s self; to refer, to rely. _Se — à table_; to sit down again to table. _Remettez-vous_; compose yourself. _Se — une chose_; to recollect a thing. _S’en — à_; to refer to; to trust to. _S’en — à quelqu’un_; to refer a thing to any one, to leave, to intrust (to). _Se — au beau_; (of the weather) to mend, to become fine again. _Se — en route_; to resume one’s journey. =remeubler=, _v.a._, to refurnish. =réminiscence=, _n.f._, reminiscence. =rémipède=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) remiped. =remis=, =-e=, _part._, put back, put off; drawn (of a game); (of weather) settled, fine again. _Partie —e_; drawn game. _Ce n’est que partie —e_; it is only a pleasure deferred. =remisage=, _n.m._, housing; coach-house, shed. =remise=, _n.f._, giving up; delivery; delay; deferring; remittance; reduction, abatement; commission, allowance; coach-house, mews; (hunt.) cover (for game); place of lighting (of partridges). _Il use toujours de —_; he is always putting off. _La — d’une audience_; the putting off of a hearing. _Faire une —_; to make a remittance, to remit. _Faire — de_; to forgive, to remit. _Il est sous la —_; he is on the shelf. _Sous la —_; in the coach-house. =remise=, _n.m._, coach let on hire; hired brougham. _Voiture de —_; livery carriage (as hired from the stables, in opposition to voiture de place, taken from the stand). =remiser=, _v.a._, to put in the coach-house; to house; to put by. =rémissible=, _adj._, remissible, pardonable, excusable. =rémission=, _n.f._, remission, mercy, forgiveness, pardon. =rémissionnaire=, _n.m._, pardoned criminal. =rémittent=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) remitting. =remmaillage=, _n.m._, re-stitching, mending. =remmailler=, _v.a._, to re-stitch, to mend, to remake the meshes of. _V._ =remailler=. *=remmailloter= (rān-ma-), _v.a._, to rewrap (in swaddling-clothes). =remmancher= (rān-mān-), _v.a._, to put a new haft or handle to, to haft again. =remmener= (rān-mné), _v.a._, to take back, to carry back, to lead back; to take away again (a person). =remodeler= (-mo-dlé), _v.a._, to model anew. =rémolade= _or_ =remolade=, _n.f._ _V._ =rémoulade=. =remole=, _n.f._ _V._ =remous=. =remontage=, _n.m._, new fronting, vamping (of boots); (tech.) remounting, putting together again, fitting up again. =remonte=, _n.f._, (milit.) remount; (of studs) new leap; going up stream. =remonter=, _v.n._, to reascend; to go up again; to go back, to trace back; to date (from) (with reference to time); to rise, to rise again; to remount. _— à cheval_; to get on horseback again. _— sur sa bête_; to recover one’s losses. _— à la source_, _à l’origine d’une chose_; to trace a thing back to its origin. =remonter=, _v.a._, to reascend; to go up again; to put together again; to remount (cavalry); to rise (of public securities); to fit up; to stock; to go up; to wind up (a watch, a clock); to new-string (of instruments). _— une rivière_, _un fleuve_; to ascend a river. _— une montre_; to wind up a watch. _— des bottes_; to new-front, _or_ to vamp, boots. _— un fusil_; to new-stock a gun. _— le moral à quelqu’un_; to revive the spirits of any one. _— un magasin_; to stock a warehouse anew. _se_ =remonter=, _v.r._, to stock one’s self again; to wind up (watches); (fig.) to recover one’s strength, health, _or_ spirits. =remontoir=, _n.m._, key (for winding up clocks); keyless action (in watches). =remontrance=, _n.f._, remonstrance. =remontrant=, _n.m._, remonstrant. =remontrer=, _v.a._, to demonstrate, to represent, to lay before, to point out, to show, to show again; to remonstrate; (hunt.) to show where the game has passed. _En — à quelqu’un_; to be more than a match for, to outdo any one; to put up to a thing or two. _C’est gros Jean qui remontre à son curé_; it is teaching one’s grandmother how to suck eggs. _se_ =remontrer=, _v.r._, to show one’s self again. =rémora=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (ich.) remora; suck-fish; (fig.) hindrance, impediment, obstacle. =remordre=, _v.a._ and _n._, to bite again anything _or_ anybody; to attack again; to try again; (fig., of conscience) to torment, to rack. =remords= (re-mor), _n.m._, remorse, compunction. _Avoir des —s_; to feel remorse. _Sans —_; remorseless. _Etouffer ses —_; to stifle remorse. =rémore=, _n.f._ _V._ =rémora=. =remorquage=, _n.m._, (nav.) towing. =remorque=, _n.f._, towing (a ship). _Prendre a la —_; to take in tow. _Se mettre à la —_; to get into tow. _Câble de —_; tow-line. _À la — de_; in tow of; (fig.) under the influence, _or_ leadership, of; in the train, _or_ wake, of. =remorquer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to tow, to tug, to drag. =remorqueur=, _n.m._, tug, towing-vessel. =remorqueuse=, _n.f._, (railways) pilot-engine. _à_ =rémotis= (-tiss), _adv._, (l.u.) aside, by. _Mettre à —_; to put by. =remoucher=, _v.a._, to snuff the candle again; to wipe again the nose of. _se_ =remoucher=, _v.r._, to blow one’s nose again. =remoudre=, _v.a._, to grind again (corn, etc.). =rémoudre=, _v.a._, to sharpen, _or_ to whet, again. *=remouiller=, _v.a._, to wet again. =rémoulade=, _n.f._, (cook.) sharp mustard-sauce; (vet.) sprain-ointment. =rémouleur=, _n.m._, grinder, knife-grinder. =remous=, _n.m._, eddy, dead-water, back-water. *=rempaillage=, _n.m._, re-covering with straw; restuffing, rebottoming. *=rempailler=, _v.a._, to rebottom _or_ new-bottom (a chair). *=rempailleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, chair-mender. =rempaquement= (-pak-mān), _n.m._, barreling of herrings. =rempaqueter= (-pak-té), _v.a._, to pack up again. =remparer=, _v.a._, to fortify, to bulwark; to intrench; to cover. _se_ =remparer=, _v.r._, to fortify one’s self (by ramparts); to take possession again. =rempart=, _n.m._, rampart, bulwark. =remplaçable=, _adj._, replaceable. =remplaçant=, _n.m._, substitute. =remplacement= (-plas-mān), _n.m._, replacing; replacement; fresh supply; (fin.) reinvestment. _Bureau de —_; office for providing substitutes for the army. _Le — a été aboli en France par la loi de 1872_; the replacing of recruits by substitutes was abolished in France by law in 1872. _En — de_; instead of, in place of. =remplacer=, _v.a._, to replace, to take the place of; to serve as a substitute; to reinvest. _Vous le remplacerez pendant son absence_; you will fill his place during his absence. _Se faire —_; to get a substitute. _se_ =remplacer=, _v.r._, to be replaced; to get a fresh supply of anything. =remplage=, _n.m._, the filling up, adding (of wine-casks); fillings, rubble (mas.). =rempli=, _n.m._, tuck, fold, turning in. =rempli=, =-e=, _adj._, full, replete, fraught (with). =remplier=, _v.a._, to make a tuck, to turn in. =remplir=, _v.a._, to fill again; to fill, to fill up; to cram, to stuff; to take up, to occupy; to supply, to furnish; to keep, to hold; to fulfill, to discharge; to perform; to answer, to come up to; to pay back. _Il remplit bien son temps_; he employs his time well. _— un poste_; to hold a post. _— ses engagements_; to fulfill one’s engagements. _— une tâche_; to perform a task. _— l’attente de quelqu’un_; to answer any one’s expectation. _se_ =remplir=, _v.r._, to fill one’s self; to cram, _or_ stuff, one’s self; to fill, to become full. =remplissage=, _n.m._, filling, filling up (of casks); filling out; (fig.) rubbish, trash, padding. =remplisseuse=, _n.f._, (needlework) filler-in, point-lace mender. =remploi=, _n.m._, (jur.) re-investment, re-employment. =remployer=, _v.a._, to use again, to re-invest. =remplumer=, _v.a._, to feather again; (mus.) to quill anew. _se_ =remplumer=, _v.r._, to get new feathers; to retrieve one’s losses; to get stout again; to pick up again. =rempocher=, _v.a._, to pocket again. =rempoigner=, _v.a._, to catch hold of again, to seize again, to recapture. =rempoisonner= (rān-poa-zo-né), _v.a._, to poison again. =rempoissonnement= (rām-poa-so-n-mān), _n.m._, re-stocking with fish. =rempoissonner= (rān-poa-so-né), _v.a._, to re-stock with fish. =remporter=, _v.a._, to carry, _or_ take, back; to carry away _or_ off, to take away _or_ off; to get, to obtain; to bear off; to win. _— un prix_; to carry off a prize. _— la victoire_; to win the victory. =rempotage=, _n.m._, (gard.) re-potting. =rempoter=, _v.a._, (gard.) to re-pot. =remprisonnement=, _n.m._, reimprisonment. =remprisonner=, _v.a._, to reimprison. =remprunter=, _v.a._, to borrow again. =remuable=, _adj._, movable. =remuage=, _n.m._, moving, stirring. =remuant=, =-e=, _adj._, restless, stirring; unquiet; bustling, busy; turbulent, seditious. =remue-ménage=, _n.m._, (_—_) stir, rummage; disturbance, bustle, confusion. =remuement= _or_ =remûment=, _n.m._, stirring; moving, commotion, disturbance. =remue-queue=, _n.m._, (_—_). _V._ =hochequeue=. =remuer=, _v.a._, to move, to stir; to rouse; to turn up; to disturb, to handle; to affect, to shake, to wag; to shuffle (of dominoes); to change the linen (of a baby). _— la tête_; to shake one’s head. _— des meubles_; to rummage, _or_ move, furniture. _— la queue_; to wag its tail (of a dog). _— ciel et terre_; to leave no stone unturned, to move heaven and earth. _se_ =remuer=, _v.r._, to stir, to move; to bestir one’s self, to bustle about; to fidget. =remuer=, _v.n._, to stir, to move; to make a disturbance; to fidget. =remueu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, mover, stirrer. =remueuse=, _n.f._, nurse-maid. ☉=remugle=, _n.m._ _V._ =renfermé=. =rémunérateur=, _n.m._, rewarder, remunerator, requiter. =rémunérat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, remunerative. ☉=rémunérati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, remunerative. =rémunération=, _n.f._, remuneration, reward. =rémunératoire=, _adj._, remuneratory. =rémunérer=, _v.a._, to remunerate, to reward. =renâcler=, _v.n._, (pop.) to snuff, to snort (in anger); to turn up one’s nose; to be unwilling, to be reluctant, to hang back, to demur. =renaissance=, _n.f._, regeneration, new birth, revival, renewal; renaissance, renascence. _— des lettres_; revival of letters. =renaissant=, =-e=, _adj._, springing up again, growing up again, reviving, returning, renascent, recurring. =renaître=, _v.n._, to be born again; to grow again, to come up again; to appear again, to spring up again, to rise again; to revive, to reappear, to recur. _Toute la nature renaît_; all nature revives. _Le jour renaît_; day reappears. _— à la vie_; to return to life. _— au bonheur_; to be restored to happiness. =rénal=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) renal. =renard=, _n.m._, (mam.) fox; (mam.) dog-fox; fox, cunning dog, sly fellow; (astron.) Fox; (engineering) leak; (pop.) vomit, spew. _— américain_; raccoon. _Queue-de-—_, (_—s-—_) fox’s brush; (bot.) prince’s-feather. _— marin_; sea-ape. _Fin —_; cunning dog, sly fox. _Se confesser au —_; to tell one’s secret to an enemy. _Le — prêche aux poules_; the devil rebukes sin. _Prendre marte pour —_; to mistake one person for another. _Compère le —_, _maître —_; Reynard the fox (Lafontaine). =renarde=, _n.f._, (mam.) she-fox; (fig.) catamaran. =renardeau=, _n.m._, fox’s cub. =renarder=, _v.n._, to play the fox; (pop.) to vomit; to shoot the cat. =renardier=, _n.m._, fox-catcher. =renardière=, _n.f._, fox’s burrow. ☉=renasquer=, _v.n._ _V._ =renâcler=. =rencaissage= _or_ =rencaissement=, _n.m._, (hort.) putting again into wooden boxes; (fin.) re-encashing. =rencaisser=, _v.a._, to put again into boxes; (fin.) to pay again into the bank, to re-encash; to get in money. =renchéri=, =-e=, _adj._, risen in price, higher-priced; over-particular, over-nice (of a person). =renchéri=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, particular person, nice person. _Faire le —_, _faire la —e_; to be mighty particular, to give one’s self airs. =renchérir=, _v.a._ and _n._, to raise the price of; to get dearer; to rise. _— sur_; to improve upon; to go beyond, to outstrip. =renchérissement= (-ris-mān), _n.m._, rise in price. =renclouer=, _v.a._, (milit.) to spike again. *=rencogner=, _v.a._, (fam.) to draw back, to drive, _or_ to get, into a corner. _se_ *=rencogner=, _v.r._, to hide _or_ crouch in a corner. =rencontre=, _n.f._, meeting; encounter, accidental meeting; accident, chance; collision; accidental fight; duel; opportunity, occurrence, case; juncture; coincidence; collision. _Aller_, _venir_, _à la — de quelqu’un_; to go to meet, _or_ to come to meet, any one. _De —_; second-hand. _Marchandise de —_; second-hand goods. _Roue de — d’une horloge_; balance-wheel of a clock. _Vaisseaux de —_; (chem.) vessels fitting into each other. _Une mauvaise —_; an unpleasant encounter. =rencontre=, _n.m._, (her.) rencounter. =rencontrer=, _v.a._, to meet, to meet with, to fall in with; to light upon; to find, to encounter; to meet, to encounter (in a hostile manner). _se_ =rencontrer=, _v.r._, to meet, to meet each other, to meet with each other, to be met with; to be seen; to agree, to coincide; to meet, to encounter (in a duel). _Nos idées se rencontrent_; our ideas coincide, _or_ tally. _Cela ne se rencontre pas tous les jours_; that does not happen, that is not to be met with, every day. _Les beaux esprits se rencontrent_; great wits jump together. =rencontrer=, _v.n._, to have good _or_ ill luck, to be fortunate _or_ unfortunate; to guess; to speak to the purpose, to make a hit. _Vous avez bien rencontré_; you have hit the right nail on the head. _Le limier rencontre_; the blood-hound is on the scent. =rencorser=, _v.a._, to put a new body (to). =rendage=, _n.m._, (tech.) product of raw materials; daily product of a lime-kiln; yield, output. =rendement= (rand-mān), _n.m._, produce, yield, output. _se_ =rendetter=, _v.r._, to run, _or_ get, into debt again. =rendeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, one who renders, restorer. =rendez-vous=, _n.m._, (_—_) rendezvous, meeting, appointment; place of meeting, place of resort. _Donner un — à quelqu’un_; to make an appointment with any one. _Prendre —_; to make an appointment. _Se donner —_; to make an appointment; to agree to meet; to resort. =rendonnée=, _n.f._ _V._ =randonnée=. =rendormir=, _v.a._, to lull to sleep again, to send to sleep again. _se_ =rendormir=, _v.r._, to fall, _or_ go, to sleep again. =rendoubler=, _v.a._, to turn in, to turn down; to fold up, to double up. =rendre=, _v.a._, to render, to return, to restore, to give back, to give again; to pay back, to repay, to refund, to pay again; to deliver up, to yield, to yield up, to give up, to render up, to surrender; to carry, to convey, to transport, to take; to cast up, to cast out, to eject, to void, to throw up, to throw off one’s stomach; to do, to pay, to give; to make; to produce, to bear, to bring in; to translate; to reward; to express, to convey, to represent; to issue; to exhale, to emit, to send forth, to give out; (jur.) to remit; (jur.) to surrender; (jur.) to return, to find, to bring in; to give in; to give (verdict). _Rendez-moi mon reste_; give me my change. _— de l’ouvrage_; to take work home. _— le salut_; to return a salute. _— hommage_; to render homage. _Je vous rends grâce_; I return you thanks. _— ses respects_, _ses devoirs à quelqu’un_; to pay one’s respects, one’s duty, to any one. _— compte_; to give an account. _— visite_; to pay a visit. _— à quelqu’un sa visite_; to return any one his call. _— justice à quelqu’un_; to do any one justice. _— la justice_; to administer, _or_ to dispense, justice. _— service à quelqu’un_; to do any one a service. _— la pareille_; to return like for like. _— le bien pour le mal_; to return good for evil. _— avec usure_; to return with interest. _Dieu vous le rende!_ may God reward you! _— la santé_; to restore health. _— un prisonnier à la liberté_; to set a prisoner at liberty. _L’expérience l’a rendu sage_; experience has made him wise, has taught him wisdom. _— une place_; (milit.) to surrender a town. _— les armes_; to lay down one’s arms. _— une médecine_; to throw up a dose of physic. _— gorge_; to refund; to disgorge. _— raison_; to account for, to give a reason. _Rendez-moi raison de votre conduite_; explain your conduct to me. _— raison à quelqu’un_; to give any one satisfaction, to fight a duel. _— un arrêt_; to issue a decree. _— témoignage_; to bear witness. _— à quelqu’un sa parole_; to release any one from his promise. _— l’âme_; to give up the ghost. _— le pain bénit_; (c.rel.) to make the bread-offering. _— un paquet_, _— une lettre_; to take a parcel, a letter, to its destination. _— des marchandises en un lieu_; to take, to carry, to convey goods to a place. _Montez dans ma voiture, en deux heures je vous rendrai là_; get into my carriage, in two hours I will take you there. _Ce fermier rend tant de sa ferme_; that farmer pays so much for his farm. _se_ =rendre=, _v.r._, to make one’s self, to render one’s self; to become, to turn; to go, to repair, to proceed, to resort; to wait upon any one; to flow; to yield, to surrender, to surrender one’s self, to give one’s self up; to be worn out, to be tired out, to be exhausted. _Se — partie contre quelqu’un_; to declare against any one. _Se — à son devoir_; to go where duty calls. _Le sang se rend au cœur_; the blood flows to the heart. _Se — prisonnier_; to surrender one’s self prisoner, to give one’s self up. _Je me rends_; I am tired out; I give up. =rendre=, _v.n._, to lead (to) (of roads); to evacuate, to void; to run (of wounds). =rendre=, _n.m._, repayment, refunding, returning. =rendu=, =-e=, _part._, arrived; rendered, delivered; exhausted, tired out, knocked up, spent (of a horse). _Je suis —_; I am quite exhausted, fagged out, done up. _Un cheval qui est —_; a spent horse. =rendu=, _n.m._, return, tit for tat. =renduire=, _v.a._, to plaster anew; to daub over again; to give a new coating (to). =rendurcir=, _v.a._, to make harder. _se_ =rendurcir=, _v.r._, to become harder; to become hardened. =rêne=, _n.f._, rein. _Prendre les —s_; to take the reins. =renégat=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, renegade. =reneiger=, _v.n._, to snow again. =rêner=, _v.a._, to bridle, to bridle (in) (a horse). =rénette=, _n.f._, green frog; (vet.) paring knife; marking tool. =rénetter=, _v.a._, (vet.) to furrow, to mark, to groove. =renettoyer=, _v.a._, to clean again. =renfaîtage=, _n.m._, repairing the top of a roof, new-ridging. =renfaîter=, _v.a._, to new-ridge, to mend the top of a roof. =renfermé=, _n.m._, fustiness; musty, _or_ close, _or_ confined, air. _Sentir le —_; to smell close _or_ fusty. =renfermer=, _v.a._, to shut up, to confine; to comprehend, to include, to contain; to conceal, to hide. _se_ =renfermer=, _v.r._, to shut one’s self up, to confine one’s self. _Se — en soi-même_; to retire within one’s self, to commune with one’s self. =renfiler=, _v.a._, to thread again, to new-string. =renflammer=, _v.a._, to rekindle. _se_ =renflammer=, _v.r._, to be rekindled. =renflé=, =-e=, _adj._, swollen, swelling; (bot.) inflated, puffed out; risen (of dough); bossed. =renflement=, _n.m._, swelling, enlargement; (bot.) struma. =renfler=, _v.n._, _se_ =renfler=, _v.r._, to swell, to swell out; to rise. =renflouage=, _n.m._, (nav.) getting a ship afloat again, refloating, raising. =renflouer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to refloat, to raise. =renfoncement= (-fons-mān), _n.m._, cavity; hollow, recess; (of a door) doorway; (print.) indentation; (arch.) break; (paint.) background. =renfoncer=, _v.a._, to drive further in, to drive deeper, to pull further on; to pull over one’s eyes; (print.) to indent; (of a cask) to new bottom. =renforçage=, _n.m._, strengthening. =renforcé=, =-e=, _adj._, strong, thick; substantial; wealthy; stout; thick-set, downright, regular. _Des vers —s de pensées_; verses very rich in thought. _C’est un bourgeois —_; he is a substantial, purse-proud citizen. _Un bidet —_; a strong thick-set nag. _Une étoffe —e_; a thick strong stuff. _Sottise —e_; downright stupidity. =renforcement=, _n.m._, reënforcing, strengthening. =renforcer=, _v.a._, to reënforce; to strengthen; to augment, to increase. _— le son d’un instrument_; to increase the sound of an instrument. _se_ =renforcer=, _v.r._, to gather strength; to increase, to grow stronger; (milit.) to be reënforced. =renformir=, _v.a._, (mas.) to re-plaster, to mend (a wall, etc.). =renformis=, _n.m._, (mas.) pargeting, plastering, new coat; repairing (of a wall). =renfort=, _n.m._, reënforcement, supply, relief, addition, increase; strengthening piece. _À grand — de_; with the help of, by dint of, with any amount of tugging (at) _or_ plying (of). _De —_; extra, additional, fresh. *=renfrogné=, =renfrognement=, _se_ =renfrogner=. _V._ =refrogné=, =refrognement=, _se_ =refrogner=. =rengagement= (-gaj-mān), _n.m._, re-engagement; (milit.) re-enlistment; pledging, pawning again. =rengager=, _v.a._, to engage again, to re-engage; (milit.) to re-enlist; to pledge, to pawn again. _— un domaine_; to mortgage a domain. _— son cœur_; to engage one’s heart again. _se_ =rengager=, _v.r._, to engage again, to re-engage, to begin afresh; (milit.) to re-enlist. =rengaîne=, _n.m._, (pop.) refusal. _Il a un furieux —_; there is no making him accept; there is no conciliating him. =rengaine=, _n.f._, (pop.) threadbare, common-place story; hackneyed expression; harping on; worn-out expedient. _C’est toujours la même —_; it’s the same old story. =rengaîner=, _v.a._, to sheath, to put up; to suppress, to withdraw, to stop, to reserve. _— une épée_; to put up a sword. _Rengaînez votre compliment_; pocket, _or_ withhold, your compliment (_i.e._, keep it to yourself). =rengaîner=, _v.n._, to sheath one’s sword, to put up one’s sword. _Rengaînez, messieurs!_ put up, gentlemen. =rengorgement=, _n.m._, bridling up, carrying one’s head high; airs (of importance). _se_ =rengorger=, _v.r._, to carry it with a high hand, to carry one’s head high, to bridle up, to give one’s self airs. =rengraisser=, _v.a._, to fatten again. _se_ =rengraisser=, _v.r._, to grow fat, _or_ stout, again; to become fat again, to fatten again. =rengraisser=, _v.n._, to grow fat, to become fat, _or_ stout, again. =rengrènement= (-grè-n-mān), _n.m._, (coin.) re-coinage, re-coining, re-stamping. =rengréner=, _v.a._, to grind corn again; (coin.) to coin again, to re-coin, to re-stamp; (mec.) to throw into gear again, to engage again. =renhardir=, _v.a._, to embolden; to encourage again. =reniable=, _adj._, deniable. =reniement= _or_ =renîment=, _n.m._, denying, disowning; denial of St. Peter. =renier=, _v.a._, to deny, to disown; to disavow, to abjure, to disclaim, to renounce, to forswear. _— sa religion_; to abjure one’s religion. =reniflement=, _n.m._, sniffing; snuffing up (of horses). =renifler=, _v.n._, to sniff; to turn up one’s nose (at); to manifest unwillingness, to demur, to hang back. _Ce cheval renifle sur l’avoine_; this horse is off his feed. =reniflerie=, _n.f._, sniffing. =renifleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, sniffer. =réniforce=, _adj._, kidney-shaped. =rénitence=, _n.f._, (med.) renitency. =rénitent=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) renitent. =reniveler=, _v.a._, to level again. =renivellement=, _n.m._, new-leveling. =renjamber=, _v.a._, to jump, _or_ step, over again. =renne= (rè-n), _n.m._, reindeer. =renom= (-non), _n.m._, renown, fame, reputation, report, note, name. _Être en —_; to be popular. =renommé=, =-e=, _adj._, renowned, famous, noted, celebrated, famed. =renommée=, _n.f._, renown, fame, name, reputation, celebrity; report, repute; rumor; (myth.) Fame. _Bonne — vaut mieux que ceinture dorée_; a good name is better than riches. =renommer=, _v.a._, to name again, to re-elect; to render renowned, to render famous, to make renowned, to make famous. _Se faire —_; to spread one’s fame; to acquire fame; to make one’s self famous; to have one’s self re-elected. _se_ =renommer=, _v.r._, to make use of the name of any one. _V._ _se_ =réclamer= (=de=). =renonce=, _n.f._, renounce, revoke (at cards). =renoncement= (-nōns-mān), _n.m._, renouncing, renouncement. _— à soi-même_; self-denial, abnegation. =renoncer=, _v.n._, to renounce, to give up, to surrender; to forego, to relinquish, to lay down, to disclaim, to waive; to revoke, to renounce (at cards). _— à la couronne_; to renounce the crown. _— à une succession_; to give up an inheritance. _— à sa foi_; to renounce one’s faith. =renoncer=, _v.a._, to renounce, to disclaim, to disown, to deny, to disavow. =renonciat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, (jur.) renouncer, relessor. =renonciation=, _n.f._, renunciation, renouncement; self-denial. =renonculacées=, _n.f.pl._, (bot.) ranunculaceæ. =renoncule=, _n.f._, (bot.) ranunculus, buttercup, crowfoot, spearwort. =renouée=, _n.f._, (bot.) polygonum, knot-berry, knot-grass. ☉=renouement= _or_ =renoûment=, _n.m._, renewing, renewal. =renouer=, _v.a._, to knot again, to tie again; to tie up; to put together; to resume, to renew. _— amitié_; to be friends again. _— l’amitié de parents_; to reconcile relations. _— une affaire_; to resume business. _— connaissance_; to renew acquaintance with. =renouer=, _v.n._, to resume one’s relations, to resume one’s connection. =renoueu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._ _V._ =rebouteur=. ☉=renouveau=, _n.m._, (fam. poet.) spring, spring-time. =renouvelable=, _adj._, renewable. =renouveler= (-noo-vlé), _v.a._, to renew, to renovate, to revive, to resuscitate; to refresh; to repeat, to do again. _— un usage_; to revive a custom. _se_ =renouveler=, _v.r._, to be renewed, to be revived, to succeed each other; to happen, _or_ occur, again. =renouveler=, _v.n._, to renew, to redouble, to increase. _— de jambes_; to walk briskly again with renewed strength. _— d’appétit_; to eat again with a fresh appetite. _— d’attention_; to redouble one’s attention, to be doubly attentive. _— d’ardeur_; to show more eagerness. =renouvellement= (-vèl-mān), _n.m._, renewing, renewal, reviving; reiteration, repetition; recurrence; increase, redoubling. =rénovat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, renovating. =rénovation=, _n.f._, renovation, renewal. *=renseignement=, _n.m._, information, intelligence; account; indication, direction, inquiry. _pl._, references, information. _Prendre des —s_; to make inquiries, to gather information. _Aller aux —s_; to make inquiries. _Bureau de —s_; intelligence-office, inquiry-office. *=renseigner=, _v.a._, to teach again, to instruct again; to inform, to give information, to show, to tell, to direct. _Se —_; to get information; to make inquiries; to inform one’s self. =rensemencement=, _n.m._, (agri.) re-sowing. =rensemencer=, _v.a._, (agri.) to sow again, to re-sow. =rentamer=, _v.a._, to cut again, to begin again; to resume. _— un discours_; to resume a speech. =rentassé=, =-e=, _adj._, thick-set. =rentasser=, _v.a._, to heap up again. =rente=, _n.f._, yearly income, revenue; rent, annuity; stock, funds; pension. _— foncière_; ground-rent. _— viagère_ or _à fonds perdu_; life-annuity. _Le taux de la —_; the price of stocks. _—s sur l’Etat_; government-stock. _La — hausse_; the stocks are rising. _Acheter des —s_; to buy stock, to invest in the funds. _Faire une — à_; to allow a pension to, to make an allowance to. _Vivre de ses —s_; to do nothing; to be independent; to live on one’s income, to be a gentleman at large. _Racheter une —_; to redeem an annuity. _Avoir des —s_; to have an independent income; to have money invested. _Il lui fait une —_; he allows him, _or_ her, a pension. =renté=, =-e=, _adj._, who has an income; endowed (of public establishments). _Bien —_; rich, wealthy. =renter=, _v.a._, to allow a yearly income to; to endow (public establishments). =renti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, stockholder, fund-holder, annuitant; independent gentleman; independent lady; gentleman at large. =rentoilage=, _n.m._, new-lining, re-lining, re-canvassing. _— d’un tableau_; stretching a picture upon new cloth. =rentoiler=, _v.a._, to put new cloth (to a thing); to reline. _— un tableau_; to stretch, to paste, an old painting on new canvas. =rentrage=, _n.m._, bringing in, taking in, housing. =rentraîner=, _v.a._, to carry away again, to lead away again, to draw on, in, again. =rentraire= (rentrayant, rentrait), _v.a._, to fine-draw, to darn, to renter. =rentraiture=, _n.f._, fine-drawing, rentering, darn, darning; joining on. =rentrant=, _adj._, re-entering, returning; (geom., fort.) re-entering. =rentrant=, _n.m._, new player. _On demande un —_; a new player is wanted. =rentrayeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, fine-drawer. =rentré=, =-e=, _part._, returned, re-entered; (med.) suppressed, driven in. _Sueur —e_; checked perspiration. =rentrée=, _n.f._, re-entrance; re-opening; re-appearance; taking in, housing, ingathering (of crops); (com.) incoming, receipt, payment, collection, getting-in of taxes; returns; (hunt.) return. _À la — des classes_; at the beginning of term. _Cet acteur a fait sa —_; (thea.) that actor has made his re-appearance. _— des impôts_; getting in of the taxes. _Ce revenu est d’une — difficile_; this revenue is slow in coming in. _Frais de —_; collection expenses. =rentrer=, _v.n._, to enter again, to return, to come in again, to go in again, to get in again; to re-enter, to join again; to become again, to get again; to recover; to re-open (of courts of law, schools, colleges); to make one’s reappearance, to reappear (of an actor); to return to, to resume; (med.) to be suppressed, to be driven in; (engr.) to retouch; to be got in, to come in (of money); to buy in (at cards). _— en possession_; to regain possession. _— en son bien_; to recover one’s property. _— en grâce_; to come into favor again. _— en soi-même_; to examine one’s self, to commune with one’s self. _— en son bon sens_; to come to one’s senses again. _— en charge_; to return to one’s post. _— en condition_; to go in service again. _— en fonctions_; to resume one’s duties. _— en fureur_; to fly into a passion again, to get into a passion again. _Faire —_; to drive in. _Il m’est rentré beau jeu_; I have secured good cards. _— dans la ville_; to return to town. _Cet acteur rentre ce soir_; that actor makes his reappearance this evening. =rentrer=, _v.a._, to take in, to bring in, to put in, to get in, to house; to suppress, to check, to stifle; (med.) to drive in; (nav.) to bowse in; to house guns; (print.) to indent. _Voici le moment de — les foins_; now is the season for getting in the hay. _— une ligne_; (print.) to indent a line. =renvahir=, _v.a._, to invade again. =renvelopper= (ran-vlo-pé), _v.a._, to wrap up again. =renverger=, _v.a._, to edge (baskets). =renverguer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to bend a sail again (to the yards). =renversable=, _adj._, reversible, liable to be overthrown. =renversant=, =-e=, _adj._, (fam.) astounding, stupendous, amazing, extraordinary; stunning. _Un coup —_; a stunning, knock-down blow. _à la_ =renverse=, _adv._, backwards, upon one’s back. _Tomber à la —_; to fall backwards. =renversé=, =-e=, _part._, thrown down, thrown back, pliant; (her.) inverted. _Il a l’esprit —_; his brain is turning. _C’est le monde —_; it is the world turned upside down (_i.e._ it is preposterous). =renversement=, _n.m._, reversing, overturning, throwing down, throwing over, overthrowing; turning upside down; confusion, disorder; turning, alienation (of the brain); subversion, destruction; (surg.) retroversion, prolapse; (mus.) inversion, revert, reversing; (arith.) inversion; (nav.) ☉transshipment, _V._ =transbordement=. _— d’un état_; overthrow of a state. _— des lois_; subversion of the laws. _— de la paupière_; (med.) eversion of the eyelid. =renverser=, _v.a._, to reverse, to turn upside-down, to turn topsy-turvy; to throw down, to upset, to tumble down, to overthrow, to overturn; to spill; to turn (the brain); to disorder, to confuse; to destroy, to ruin; to astound, to stupefy, to overwhelm; to transpose; (milit.) to put to flight, to rout, to put to the rout; to invert; (surg.) to retrovert; (nav.) ☉to transship, _V._ =transborder=. _— à coups de canon_; to batter down. _— la table_; to upset the table. _— un bataillon_; to break, to overthrow, a battalion. _— un état_; to overthrow a state. _Ceci lui renversera l’esprit_; this will turn his brain. _— l’encre_; to spill the ink, to knock the ink over. _— la vapeur_; (rail.) to reverse the engine. _— une voiture_; to upset a carriage. _se_ =renverser=, _v.r._, to fall down, to turn upside down, to upset, to be upset, to be thrown down, to overset, to be overset, to capsize; to be capsized, to be spilt; to throw one’s self back, to fall back, to lie on one’s back; (milit.) to be thrown into disorder, to be thrown back; (surg.) to be retroverted. =renverseur=, _n.m._, overthrower; subverter; inverter, destroyer; transposer. =renvi=, _n.m._, revy, additional stake. =renvidage=, _n.m._, winding up, winding (in spinning). =renvier=, _v.n._, to revy, to lay above the stakes, (at cards). =renvoi=, _n.m._, sending back, returning, return, sending away, dismissal, discharge; referring, sending; (jur.) adjournment; caret, reference (in books, writings); reflection, reverberation; (jur.) reference to another judge. _pl._, (med.) rising of the stomach. _De —_; returnable. _— du son_; reverberation of sound. _Chevaux de —_; return horses. _— de troupes_; dismissal of troops. _— de la cause à huitaine_; adjournment of the case for a week. =renvoyer=, _v.a._, to send again; to send back again, to return; to send away, to dismiss; to discharge; to refer; to put off, to postpone, to adjourn, to delay; to drive back; to throw back; to reflect (light or heat); to repeat, to reverberate (sound). _— un ministre_; to dismiss a minister. _— un domestique_; to discharge a servant. _— une femme_; to repudiate a wife. _On a renvoyé l’affaire à huitaine_; the case has been adjourned for a week. _— la balle à quelqu’un_; to give one as good as he sends, to return the compliment. _— un accusé_; to acquit a prisoner. _— un plaideur de sa demande_; to nonsuit a plaintiff. _— le lecteur à une note_; to refer the reader to a note. _se_ =renvoyer=, _v.r._, to be sent back _or_ returned; to send from one to another. _Se — la balle_; to bandy compliments, to retort. =réoccupation=, _n.f._, reoccupation. =réoccuper=, _v.a._, to occupy again, to reoccupy. =réopiner=, _v.n._, to deliver one’s opinion again. =réorchestration=, _n.f._, new-scoring. =réorchestrer=, _v.a._, (mus.) to compose a new score. =réordination=, _n.f._, re-ordination. =réordonner=, _v.a._, to ordain again, to re-ordain, to re-order. =réorganisation=, _n.f._, re-organization. =réorganiser=, _v.a._, to re-organize. _se_ =réorganiser=, _v.r._, to be re-organized. =réouverture=, _n.f._, re-opening. _La — d’un théâtre_; the re-opening of a theater. _La — d’un magasin_; the re-opening of a shop. =repaire=, _n.m._, haunt, den, lair, hole; (hunt.) dung of hares, wolves, etc.; (tech.) _V._ =repère=. _— de voleurs_; den of thieves, haunt of thieves. =répaissir=, _v.a._ and _n._, to thicken again. _Se —_; to become, _or_ get, thick again. =repaître=, _v.n._, (l.u.) to feed, to take refreshment; to bait. =repaître=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to feed, to nourish. _Il faut — ces animaux_; these animals must be fed. _— quelqu’un d’espérances_; to feed any one with hopes. _se_ =repaître=, _v.r._, to feed on; to feast on; to delight in, to indulge in, to gloat over. _Il se repaît d’espérances vaines_; he feeds on vain hopes. =répandre=, _v.a._ and _n._, to spill, to shed, to diffuse, to scatter, to distribute, to bestow, to give out, to spread, to pour out, to exhale, to spread abroad, to propagate, to circulate. _— des larmes_; to shed tears. _— des bienfaits_; to bestow benefits. _— un bruit_; to spread a report. _— son sang_; to shed one’s blood. _— des aumônes_; to distribute alms. _— l’alarme_; to spread alarm. _— son cœur_; to open one’s heart. _se_ =répandre=, _v.r._, to be spilt, to be shed, to be diffused, to be spread, to be scattered, to be distributed, to be bestowed, to be given out, to be poured out, to be exhaled, to be spread abroad, to be propagated, to be circulated; to be current; to flow, to spread, to go abroad, to get abroad; to burst out, to break out, to launch out, to indulge in, to fly out; to frequent society, to go into society. _La lumière se répand beaucoup plus vite que le son_; light travels much more quickly than sound. _La nouvelle de la victoire se répandit en un instant_; the news of the victory was spread abroad in an instant. _Se — en compliments_; to break out, to launch out, into compliments. _Se — en invectives_; to launch out into abuse. _Se — dans le monde_; to go out into society. =répandu=, =-e=, _part._, spilt, shed. _Être fort — dans le monde_; to go out into society, to go out a great deal; to be in great request. _Être fort —_; to be very well known. =réparable=, _adj._, reparable, mendable. =reparaître=, _v.n._, to reappear, to appear again, to appear anew, to make one’s reappearance, to enter again, to come back. =réparat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, restorer, repairer; restorative, reparative, refreshing. =réparation=, _n.f._, repairing, mending; reparation, amends, satisfaction, apology, excuse. _pl._, repair, repairs; (jur.) damages, indemnity, relief. _Faire — à quelqu’un_; to make amends to any one. _En —_; under repair. =réparatoire=, _adj._, reparative. =réparer=, _v.a._, to repair, to mend; to make amends for, to atone for, to redeem; to indemnify; to make up for; to re-establish, to recover, to recruit. _— ses forces_; to recruit one’s strength. _— son honneur_; to retrieve one’s honor. _— sa faute_; to make amends for one’s faults. _— ses pertes_; to retrieve one’s losses. _— des torts_; to redress grievances. _— le temps perdu_; to make up for lost time. =répareur=, _n.m._, (tech.) repairer. =réparition=, _n.f._, (astron.) reappearance (of a star after an eclipse). _V._ =réapparition=. =reparler=, _v.n._, to speak again. =repartie= (-tî), _n.f._, repartee, retort, rejoinder, reply. _Avoir la — prompte_, _être prompt à la —_; to be quick at repartee. _Faire une —_; to make a repartee. =repartir=, _v.n._, to set out again, to set off again. =repartir=, _v.a._ and _n._, to reply, to answer, to retort. =répartir=, _v.a._, to divide, to distribute; to portion out; to assess. _— les contributions_; to assess taxes. =répartiteur=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, assessor; assessing (of taxes). =répartition=, _n.f._, division, distribution; assessment. =repas=, _n.m._, meal, repast. _— de noces_; wedding breakfast. _— en gras_; meat dinner; meat breakfast. _— en maigre_; fish dinner; fish breakfast. _Faire un —_; to make a meal. _Faire ses —_, _prendre ses —_; to take one’s meals. =repassage=, _n.m._, ironing (of linen); dressing, doing up (of a hat); grinding, setting, honing, whetting, grinding (of cutlery); (agri.) raking. =repasser=, _v.n._, to pass again; to pass by again; to call again, to look in again. _— chez quelqu’un_; to call again on any one, to look in again. =repasser=, _v.a._, to pass again, to repass; to cross again, to carry over again; to iron, to iron out; to grind, to set, to hone, to whet; to turn over, to think over, to revolve; to go over, to look over; to repeat; (dy.) to dye again; to curry a second time (leather); (fig., pop.) to beat; to find fault with, to abuse, to scold. _— une leçon_; to look over a lesson. _— du linge_; to iron linen. _— la lime sur_; to repolish. _— quelque chose dans son esprit_; to revolve anything in one’s mind. _— quelqu’un_; to beat, to abuse, any one. _— sur un cuir_; to strop. _— sur la pierre_; to set, to whet. _— sur la meule_; to grind. _se_ =repasser=, _v.r._, to be ironed; to be ground, sharpened, whetted. =repasseur=, _n.m._, pointer (of pins); grinder. _— de couteaux_; knife-grinder. =repasseuse=, _n.f._, ironer. =repassoir=, _n.m._, grinding-stone. _— à crayon_; pencil-pointer. =repavage=, _n.m._, repaving. =repaver=, _v.a._, to pave anew, to repave. =repayer=, _v.a._, to pay again. =repêcher=, _v.a._, to fish up again; to take out of the water; to take out again, to take up again, to recover, to catch again. =repeindre=, _v.a._, to paint again; to retouch, to touch up. =repeint=, _n.m._, (paint.) re-painted, _or_ restored, part of a picture. =repenser=, _v.n._, to think of again, to reconsider, to revolve. =repentance=, _n.f._, repentance, contrition. =repentant=, =-e=, _adj._, repentant, penitent. =repentie= (-tî), _adj._ and _n.f._, penitent. _Les filles —s_; female penitentiary. _se_ =repentir= (se repentant, se repenti), _v.r._, to repent, to rue. _Se — de ses fautes_; to repent one’s faults. _Il s’en repentira_; he will rue it. =repentir=, _n.m._, repentance, contrition, compunction, penitence, regret; ringlet. _Elle porte des —s_; she wears curls; (paint.) pentamento, correction. =repercer=, _v.a._, to pierce again, to bore again; to tap again; to punch. =répercussi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) repellent. =répercussif=, _n.m._, (med.) repellent, repercussive. =répercussion=, _n.f._, repercussion; reverberation. =répercuter=, _v.a._, to repercuss, to drive back; to reverberate, to echo; to reflect; (med.) to repel, to drive in. =reperdre=, _v.a._, to lose again. =repère=, _n.m._, mark, land-mark; (arts) bench-mark; joining-mark; (mec.) datum. _Point de —_; land-mark, indication, direction. =répertoire=, _n.m._, table, list, catalogue; repertory; (com.) alphabet, alphabetical index. _Pièce qui fait partie du —_, _pièce restée au —_; (thea.) stock-piece. _Être un —_; (pers.) to be a living chronicle. _Pièce de —_; stock-piece. =répétailler=, _v.a._, to repeat over and over again, to keep on repeating. =répéter=, _v.a._, to repeat; to say again, to tell again; to recite; to reflect; (jur.) to claim again, to demand again; to give private lessons to, to be private tutor to; (thea.) to rehearse. _Faire — à quelqu’un sa leçon_; to hear any one say his lesson. _Il répète ces deux élèves_; (at school) he is private tutor to these two boys. _— une comédie_; to rehearse a comedy. _— une chose contre quelqu’un_; (jur.) to claim (a thing) from any one, to redemand. _se_ =répéter=, _v.r._, to be repeated; to copy one’s self; to be renewed, to occur again; always to say the same thing. =répétiteur=, _n.m._, tutor, private master; assistant professor (of certain schools); (nav.) repeater, repeating-ship; call-boy. =répétition=, _n.f._, repetition; action for; (jur.) renewal, reproduction; replica, duplicate; recovery of money; private tuition; (thea.) rehearsal. _Pièce en —_; play in rehearsal. _Montre à —_; repeating-watch, repeater. _Donner des —s_; to give private tuition, to give private lessons. =repétrir=, _v.a._, to knead again; to form again. =repeuplement=, _n.m._, repeopling, re-stocking. _— d’un étang_; re-stocking of a pond. =repeupler=, _v.a._, to repeople; to re-stock. _— un étang_; to re-stock a pond. _se_ =repeupler=, _v.r._, to be repeopled; to be re-stocked. =repic=, _n.m._, repique (piquet). _Faire quelqu’un — et capot_; (fig., fam.) to nonplus any one. =repiquage=, _n.m._, (agri., gard.) transplantation, pricking again; picking up. =repiquer=, _v.a._, to prick again; (hort.) to prick; (agri.) to transplant; (engineering) to pick up. =repiquer=, _v.n._, to pick up; to recover; to pluck up courage. _— à la vie_; to pick up one’s crumbs. _— sur le rôti_; to cut and come again. =répit=, _n.m._, respite, reprieve, delay; rest, breathing-time. =replacement= (-plas-mān), _n.m._, replacing, putting again, setting again; placing (servants) in a situation again; reinvestment (of funds). =replacer=, _v.a._, to replace, to put in place again; to reinvest (funds). =replaider=, _v.a._, (jur.) to replead, to plead again. =replanchéier=, _v.a._, to new-floor. =replanir=, _v.a._, to plane down. =replant=, _n.m._, young plant. =replantation=, _n.f._, replantation. =replanter=, _v.a._, to replant. =replâtrage=, _n.m._, re-plastering; plastering, plastering up; botching up, patching up; patched up quarrel. =replâtrer=, _v.a._, to replaster; to plaster, to plaster up, to botch, to botch up, to patch up, to bolster up. =repl-et=, =-ète=, _adj._, obese, bulky, corpulent, stout, lusty, portly. =réplétion=, _n.f._, repletion, stoutness, fatness, surfeit. =repleuvoir=, _v.i._, to rain again. =repli=, _n.m._, fold; plait; crease; recess; winding, sinuosity; turning; coil. _Les —s du serpent_; the coils of the serpent. _Les plis et les —s du cœur humain_; the inmost, or innermost, recesses of the human heart. =repliement= _or_ =reploiement=, _n.m._, (milit.) falling back. =replier=, _v.a._, to fold again, to fold up again; to wind, to twist, to writhe, to coil; (milit.) to force back; to draw back. _se_ =replier=, _v.r._, to twist one’s self, to wind one’s self, to fold one’s self, to writhe; to turn, to turn up; to bend up; to wind, to coil; (milit.) to fall back, to retreat. _Se — sur soi-même_; to turn one’s thoughts inwardly, to retire within one’s self; to meditate, to commune with one’s self; (man.) to turn suddenly round. =réplique=, _n.f._, reply, answer; rejoinder; (mus.) repeat; (thea.) cue. _Donner la —_; to give a person his cue. _Avoir la —_; to have the last say. =répliquer=, _v.a._ and _n._, to reply, to answer; to rejoin, to return, to retort; (jur.) to reply, to rejoin, to put in a rejoinder. =reploiement=, _n.m._ _V._ =repliement=. =replonger=, _v.a._, to plunge again, to dip again, to duck again, to re-immerse, to immerse again. _se_ =replonger=, _v.r._, to plunge anew, to plunge one’s self again, to dive into again. =replonger=, _v.n._, to dive again, to dive anew. =reployer=, _v.a._, _se_ =reployer=, _v.r._ _V._ =replier=, _se_ =replier=. =repolir=, _v.a._, to repolish, to polish again, to polish anew. =repolissage=, _n.m._, re-polishing. =répondant=, _n.m._, bail, surety, security; reference; (in schools) respondent; lay-clerk. =repondre=, _v.a.n._, to lay (eggs) again. =répondre=, _v.a._, to answer, to reply, to write back; to make the responses (to). =répondre=, _v.n._, to answer, to reply; to write back; to lead (to) (of roads); to reach, to be heard (of sound); to make a suitable return; to correspond, to respond, to agree, to come up, to satisfy, to answer; to be answerable (for), to be accountable (to _or_ for); to be responsible (for); to be security (for); (man.) to obey, to answer; to maintain a thesis. _— à ceux qui appellent_; to answer those who call. _— ad rem_; to give a direct answer, to answer to the point. _— en Normand_; to answer equivocally, to give a shuffling answer. _Pour — à_; in answer to, in reply to. _Ces allées répondent au canal_; these walks lead to the canal. _— à l’attente publique_; to answer, to come up to public expectation. _Ne pas — à l’attente publique_; not to come up to, to fall short of public expectation. _Tout répond à nos vœux_; everything falls in with our wishes. _Qui pourrait — de l’événement?_ who could answer for the event? _Je ne vous réponds que de moi_; I only answer for myself. _Je vous en réponds_; I’ll be bound it is so!; I’ll warrant you; I should think so, indeed!; I can tell you! _En — de_; to answer for (with). _se_ =répondre=, _v.r._, to answer one’s self; to answer each other; to correspond, to suit, to agree; to sympathize. _Nos cœurs se répondent_; our hearts are in sympathy. =répons=, _n.m._, response (church and print.). =réponse=, _n.f._, answer, reply; response; (jur.) rejoinder. _— à une réplique_; (jur.) rejoinder. _À sotte demande point de —_; a foolish question deserves no answer. _— de Normand_; equivocal, _or_ shuffling, answer. _Faire —_; to answer, to make answer. _Faire une —_; to give an answer. _— s’il vous plaît_; an answer will oblige. =report=, _n.m._, (book-keeping) carrying over, carrying forward, bringing forward; sum carried over, amount brought forward; continuation, prolongation. _Faire un —_; to bring forward; (exchange) to carry over. =reportage=, _n.m._, reporting. =reporter= (-teur), _n.m._, (_—s_) (in newspapers) reporter. =reporter=, _v.a._, to carry back again, to carry back, to take back; to trace back, to trace; (book-keeping) to carry forward, to carry over. _se_ =reporter=, _v.r._, to go back (to); to return; to be carried back; to look back (upon). =reporter=, _v.n._, to carry over. =repos=, _n.m._, rest; stillness; repose, ease, quiet, peace, tranquillity; pause; resting-place; (carp.) quarter-pace. _En —_; at rest. _Se tenir en —_; to keep quiet. _Être en —_; to be at ease. _Laissez-moi en —_; let me alone. _Lit de —_; couch. _Mettre un fusil dans son —_, _au —_; to half-cock a gun. _Echappement à —_; (horl.) stop; dead beat. _—!_ (milit.) stand at ease! =reposé=, =-e=, _part._ _adj._, rested, refreshed; quiet, calm, cool, fresh. _À tête —e_; coolly, deliberately, at leisure. _Vin —_; wine that has settled. =reposée=, _n.f._, (hunt.) lair. _À —s_; with intervals of rest. =repose-pied=, _n.m._, foot-rest. =reposer=, _v.a._, to place again, to lay again, to set again; to rest (on anything); to lay; to repose, to settle; to refresh; (milit.) to ground arms. _Cela repose la vue_; that is restful to the eye. _— la tête_; to refresh the head. _se_ =reposer=, _v.r._, to rest one’s self, to rest, to repose, to lay one’s self down, to lie down; to rely on, to confide in; to settle, to settle down; to pause; to light (of birds). _Se — après le travail_; to rest after labor. _Il faut que l’esprit se repose_; the mind has need of rest. _Se — sur_; to depend upon, to rely on. _Se — sur quelqu’un_; to rely on, to depend upon, any one. =reposer=, _v.n._, to rest, to lie; to repose; to lay one’s self down, to lie down, to lie fallow, to settle. _Laisser —_; (agri.) to let lie fallow. =reposoir=, _n.m._, street altar (procession of the _Fête-Dieu_); resting-place; pause. =repoussant=, =-e=, _adj._, repulsive, forbidding, repelling, loathsome, shocking. =repoussement= (-poos-mān), _n.m._, repulsion; recoil (of fire-arms). _V._ =recul=, which is more frequently used. _J’éprouve un certain — pour cet homme_; I feel a sort of aversion to this man. =repousser=, _v.a._, to repel; to drive back; to beat back, to force back, to push back; to thrust back, to thrust away; to reflect, to spurn; to repulse, to repel (an argument); to resent; to rebuff; to shoot out again (of plants); (print.) to prick in. _— l’ennemi_; to repulse the enemy. _— la force par la force_; to repel force by force. _— la tentation_; to repel temptation. _— une demande_; to reject a demand. =repousser=, _v.n._, to be repulsive; to recoil; to kick (of fire-arms); to spring up, to come up again, to shoot up (of plants); to grow again (of the hair). =repoussoir=, _n.m._, driving-bolt; starting-bolt; punch (of a dentist); (paint.) set-off, contrast. =répréhensible=, _adj._, reprehensible, reprovable. =répréhensiblement=, _adv._, reprehensibly. =répréhensi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, reprehensive. =répréhension=, _n.f._, reprehension, reproof. =reprendre=, _v.a._, to take again; to take back; to take up again; to take to again; to catch again; (of diseases) to return; to recover; to resume, to begin again; to rebuke; to take up, to reprove; to find fault with; (arch.) to underpin. _— connaissance_; to recover consciousness. _— une ville_; to re-take a town. _— ses habits d’hiver_; to take to one’s winter clothing again. _On ne m’y reprendra plus_; I will not be caught napping again. _— ses forces_; to recover one’s strength. _— courage_; to take courage again. _— ses esprits_; to recover one’s senses. _— haleine_; to recover one’s breath, to breathe again; to take breath. _— le dessus_; to get the upper hand again. _— un mur sous œuvre_, _en sous-œuvre_, _par-dessous œuvre_; to underpin a wall. _— aigrement_; to reprove, _or_ to take up, sharply. _se_ =reprendre=, _v.r._, to correct one’s self, to take one’s self up; to be caught again; (of wounds) to close up again, to heal. =reprendre=, _v.n._, to take root again; (of wounds) to close up again; to begin to recover; to begin again; to reply, to answer; to return; (man.) to change its pace; to freeze again (of rivers); to return (of diseases). _Cet arbre a bien repris_; this tree has taken root very well. _Le froid a repris_; the cold has set in again. _Cette mode a repris_; this fashion has come in again. =repreneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, carper, fault-finder, snarling critic. _adj._, censuring. *=représaille=, _n.f._, reprisal, retaliation. _User de —s_; to make reprisals, to retaliate; (fig.) to retaliate, to return like for like; to give tit for tat. _Lettres de —s_; letters of marque and reprisal. =représentant=, _n.m._, representative. =représentati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, representative. =représentation=, _n.f._, representation, exhibition, production, performance; display, show; appearance, mien; air; (empty) catafalque; remonstrance; (jur.) succession. _Il a une belle —_; he has a stately appearance, a noble deportment. _Faire des —s à_; to remonstrate (with). =représenter=, _v.a._, to represent, to present again; to show; to show again; to exhibit; to lay before; to produce; to reflect; to depict; to describe; to look like, to resemble; to perform, to act (a play); to be the representative of; to stand in the place of. _Il se fit — les registres_; he had the registers laid before him. _Cela est représenté au naturel_; that is depicted to the life. _se_ =représenter=, _v.r._, to present one’s self again; to appear again; to make one’s appearance again; to fancy, to imagine, to picture to one’s self; to occur; to present itself again (of a thing). =représenter=, _v.n._, to represent, to set forth; to maintain, to keep, one’s dignity; to have an imposing appearance. =répressible=, _adj._, repressible. =répressi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, repressive. =répression=, _n.f._, repression. =reprêter=, _v.a._, to lend again. =reprier=, _v.a._, to pray, _or_ beg, again; to re-invite. =réprimable=, _adj._, repressible. =réprimande=, _n.f._, reprimand, reproof, rebuke. _Faire une — à quelqu’un_; to reprimand any one. =réprimander=, _v.a._, to reprimand, to reprove, to rebuke, to upbraid; to lecture. =réprimant=, =-e=, _adj._, repressive. =réprimer=, _v.a._, to repress, to restrain, to curb, to quell, to keep down, to check. _— le vice_; to put down vice. _— l’orgueil_; to check pride. _— ses désirs_; to check one’s desires. _— les abus_; to repress abuses. _— ses passions_; to curb one’s passions. =repris=, =-e=, _part._, retaken, resumed, taken up again; reset (of a bone). =repris de justice=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, liberated convict, old offender. =reprise=, _n.f._, resumption; retaking; taking back; recovery; reconquest; revival; renewal; darn; (mus.) repetition, mark of repetition; (arch.) underpropping, underpinning; (man.) lesson; recapture (of a ship). _À plusieurs —s_, _à différentes —_, _à diverses —s_; several times, repeatedly. _À deux —s_; twice. _La — d’un procès_; the renewal of a lawsuit. _Faire des —s_; to darn. _Faire des —s perdues_; to fine-draw. =repriser=, _v.a._, to darn. =réprobat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, reproving, censuring. =réprobation=, _n.f._, reprobation. =reprochable=, _adj._, reproachable. =reproche=, _n.m._, reproach; expostulation. _pl._, (jur.) exception, objection. _Un homme sans —_; a man free from reproach. _Faire un — à quelqu’un de quelque chose_; to reproach any one with anything. _Faire des —s amers à_; to reproach bitterly. _S’attirer des —s_; to incur reproach. =reprocher=, _v.a._, to reproach, to expostulate, to upbraid, to rebuke, to taunt, to twit, to cast in the teeth of. _— à une personne quelque chose_; to reproach a person with anything. _Il lui a reproché ses défauts_; he reproached him with his faults. _Il me l’a reproché_; he cast it in my teeth; he twitted me with it. _— les morceaux à quelqu’un_; to grudge any one the very food he eats. _— des témoins_; (jur.) to object (to), _or_ to challenge, witnesses. _se_ =reprocher=, _v.r._, to reproach, to upbraid one’s self; to grudge one’s self; to be reproached. =reproduct-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, reproductive. =reproductibilité=, _n.f._, reproducibility. =reproductible=, _adj._, reproducible. =reproducti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, reproductive. =reproduction=, _n.f._, reproduction; reprinting, republication; recurrence. =reproduire=, _v.a._, to produce again, to reproduce; to reprint, to republish. _se_ =reproduire=, _v.r._, to come again; to be reproduced; to show one’s self again; to occur, to happen again, to recur. =repromettre=, _v.a._, to promise again. =réprouvable=, _adj._, censurable, reprehensible, blamable. =réprouvé=, _n.m._, (theol.) reprobate. _Il a un visage de —_; he has a sinister-looking face. =reprouver=, _v.a._, to prove again. =réprouver=, _v.a._, to disapprove of, to disapprove, to reprobate, to condemn, to reject. =reps= (rèps), _n.m._, rep (silk or woolen fabric). =reptation=, _n.f._, reptation, creeping. =reptile=, _n.m._ and _adj._, reptile; creeping, crawling. _C’est un —_; he is a crawling wretch, a reptile. =républicain=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, republican. =républicaniser=, _v.a._, to republicanize. =républicanisme=, _n.m._, republicanism. =republication=, _n.f._, republication, re-issue. =republier=, _v.a._, to republish, to re-issue. =république=, _n.f._, republic; commonwealth. _La — des lettres_; the republic of letters. =répudiation=, _n.f._, repudiation, renunciation; rejection. =répudier=, _v.a._, to repudiate, to put away; to renounce, to reject. *=répugnance=, _n.f._, repugnance, dislike; reluctance, unwillingness. _J’ai de la — à le faire_; I am reluctant, _or_ loath, to do it. _Avec —_; with reluctance, reluctantly, repugnantly. *=répugnant=, =-e=, _adj._, repugnant. *=répugner=, _v.n._, to be repugnant, to be contrary, to clash with; to feel repugnance at; to feel reluctant; to feel loath. _Cela répugne au sens commun_; that is contrary to common sense. _Cet homme me répugne_; that man is my aversion. _Cela me répugne_; I am loath to do it. _Il me répugne de vous entretenir d’un pareil sujet_; it is repugnant to me to talk to you on such a subject. =repulluler=, _v.n._, to repullulate; to abound, to swarm; to increase fast. =répulsi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (phys.) repulsive, repelling. =répulsion=, _n.f._, (phys.) repulsion; (fig.) aversion, disgust. =repurger=, _v.a._, to purge again. =réputation=, _n.f._, reputation, character, repute, fame. _Avoir la — de_; to have the reputation of, to pass for. _Je ne vous connaissais que de —_; I only knew you by report. _En —_; in repute, in request. _Se faire une —_; to get one’s self a reputation. _Se mettre en —_; to get into repute. _Avoir de la —_; to have reputation, to have a name. _Perdre quelqu’un de —_; to ruin any one’s reputation, character. =réputer=, _v.a._, to repute, to account, to reckon, to deem; to hold. =requérable=, _adj._, (jur.) demandable. =requérant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, (jur.) plaintiff, applicant; petitioner. =requérir= (requérant, requis), _v.a._, to request, to beg; to require, to demand; to claim, to summon. _C’est lui qui m’en a requis_; it was he who requested me to do it. =requête=, _n.f._, request, petition, demand, application; (hunt.) new cast, new search. _Faire une —_; to make a request, a demand. _On accorda sa —_; his demand was granted. =requêter=, _v.a._, (hunt.) to search again (for). =requiem= (-kui-èm), _n.m._, requiem. =requin=, _n.m._, (ich.) shark. =requinqué=, =-e=, _adj._, (fam., iron.) spruce, dressed out. _se_ =requinquer=, _v.r._, (fam., iron.) to deck one’s self out. =requis=, =-e=, _part._, requested, required, requisite, proper; due. _Il a l’âge —_; he has the proper, the required age. =réquisition=, _n.f._, requisition, application; motion; call, summons, order, levy. _À la — de_; on the application of. =réquisitionnement=, _n.m._, requisitioning. =réquisitionner=, _v.a._, to requisition; to impound. =réquisitoire=, _n.m._, (jur.) speech for the crown. =resaluer=, _v.a._, to salute, to bow to, again. =rescellement=, _n.m._, resealing, refastening. =resceller=, _v.a._, to seal again. =rescif= (rè-cif), _n.m._ _V._ =récif=. =rescindant=, _n.m._, (jur., ant.) motion to annul, _or_ set aside. =rescinder=, _v.a._, (jur.) to annul, to rescind. =rescision= (rès-si-zi-on), _n.f._, (jur.) annulment, rescission. =rescisoire= (rès-si-zoar), _n.m._, (jur.) ground for annulment. _adj._, rescissory. ☉=rescontre=, _n.m._, (com.) bill-book. =rescousse=, _n.f._, recapture; help, rescue. _A la —_; help! help! =rescription=, _n.f._, money order; check; scrip, bond, debenture. =rescrit=, _n.m._, rescript; bull. =réseau=, _n.m._, net, net-work; (rail.) system, section; (anat.) plexus; (arch.) tracery; (geom.) chain (of triangles). =résection= (ré-cèk-si-on), _n.f._, (surg.) resection (amputation). =réséda=, _n.m._, (bot.) reseda, mignonette. =réséquer= (ré-cé-), _v.a._, (surg.) to resect. =réservation=, _n.f._, reserve, reservation. =réserve=, _n.f._, reserve, reservation, caution; modesty; stock, stores; preserve (for game). _Se tenir sur la —_; to be reserved, to act with circumspection. _À la — de_; with the reservation of. _En —_; in reserve, in store. _Mettre en —_; to reserve, to lay by. _Sans —_; without reserve, unreservedly. =réservé=, =-e=, _adj._, reserved, cautious, wary, circumspect, shy; guarded, coy. =réserver=, _v.a._, to reserve, to save, to set apart, to lay by, to lay up. _se_ =réserver=, _v.r._, to reserve, to reserve to one’s self; to mean, to intend, to purpose; to wait for an opportunity; to be kept; to reserve to one’s self the right. _Se — la réplique_; to reserve the right of replying. _Je me réserve de faire cela_; I am waiting for an opportunity to do that. =réserviste=, _n.m._, (milit.) reserve-man, reservist. =réservoir=, _n.m._, reservoir, tank; fish-pond, cistern, well; (anat.) receptacle. =résidant=, =-e=, _adj._, resident, residing. =résidence=, _n.f._, residence, place of abode, dwelling, living. _Etablir sa — à_; to take up one’s abode (at). =résident=, _n.m._, resident, minister at a foreign court. =résider=, _v.n._, to reside, to dwell, to live; to lie (in), to rest. =résidu=, _n.m._, settlement (of liquids); residue; (arith.) remainder; (chem.) residuum. =résignant=, _n.m._, resigner. *=résignataire=, _n.m._, resignee. *=résignation=, _n.f._, resignation. =résigner=, _v.a._, to sign again. *=résigner=, _v.a._, to resign, to give up. *_se_ =résigner=, _v.r._, to resign one’s self (to), to submit; to be reconciled (to); to put up (with). =résiliation=, _n.f._, canceling, annulling. =résiliement= _or_ =résilîment=, _n.m._ _V._ =résiliation=. =résilier=, _v.a._, to cancel, to annul. =résille=, _n.f._, hair-net. =résine=, _n.f._, resin, rosin; colophony. _Un pain de —_; a cake of resin. =résineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, resinous. =résinifère=, _adj._, yielding resin, resiniferous. =résipiscence= (-zi-), _n.f._, resipiscence, repentance. _Venir à —_; to repent; to amend. =résistance=, _n.f._, resistance, opposition, obstacle; (med.) obstinacy. _Pièce de —_; (cook.) solid joint. _Sans —_; unresistingly. _Faire de la —_; to offer resistance, to resist. =résistant=, _adj._, tough, firm, unyielding. =résister=, _v.n._, to resist, to oppose, to withstand; to endure, to last. _— à l’ennemi_; to resist the enemy. _— à la tentation_; to withstand temptation. _Je n’y saurais plus —_; I can endure it no longer. =résistible=, _adj._, resistible. =résolu=, =-e=, _part._, resolved on, decided, determined on, settled, fixed. =résolu=, =-e=, _adj._, resolute, bold, determined, stout-hearted, undaunted. =résolubilité=, _n.f._, resolvability. =résoluble=, _adj._, solvable, resolvable. =résolument=, _adv._, resolutely, boldly, stoutly. =résoluti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) resolutive; resolvent; discutient. =résolutif=, _n.m._, (med.) resolutive, resolvent. =résolution=, _n.f._, resolution, solution, decision, determination; resolve; (jur.) canceling, annulment. _Avec —_; resolutely, stoutly. _Changer de —_; to alter one’s mind. _— d’un contrat_; (jur.) canceling of a contract. =résolutoire=, _adj._, (jur.) resolutive, canceling. =résolvant=, =-e=, _adj._, _n.m._, (med.) resolvent. =résonance=, _n.f._, resonance. =résonnant=, =-e=, _adj._, resonant; sounding, sonorous. _Voix claire et —e_; clear and sonorous voice. _Un violon bien —_; a well-sounding violin. =résonnement= (-zo-n-mān), _n.m._, resounding, clanking, echoing, rattling, rattle. =résonner=, _v.n._, to resound; to clank, to echo, to reverberate. =résorber= (-zor-), _v.a._, (med.) to reabsorb. _se_ =résorber= (-zor-), _v.r._, (med.) to be reabsorbed. =résorption= (-zor-), _n.f._, reabsorption. =résoudre= (résolvant, résolu _and_ résous), _v.a._, to resolve; to dissolve, to melt; to solve; to decide, to settle; (jur.) to cancel, to make void; to resolve on, to determine on, to decide upon (a thing); to determine; to decide on; to persuade. _— une tumeur_; (med.) to resolve a tumor. _— un problème_; to solve a problem. _— une question_; to settle a question. _— un bail_; to cancel a lease. _A-t-on résolu la paix ou la guerre?_ has peace or war been decided upon? _or_ is it to be peace or war? _se_ =résoudre=, _v.r._, to resolve, to be resolved, to be solved; to dissolve, to be dissolved; to determine; to be prevailed upon; to make up one’s mind. _L’eau se résout en vapeur_; water is resolved into vapor. _Se — à_; to resolve upon; to bring one’s self to. _À quoi vous résolvez-vous?_ what resolution have you come to? _Je ne saurais m’y résoudre_; I cannot make up my mind to do it. =résous=, _part._, resolved, dissolved, melted; changed into. [_Résous_ has no feminine.] =respect= (rès-pè), _n.m._, respect, regard, reverence, awe, deference, dutifulness. _Porter — à quelqu’un_; to show respect to any one. _Manquer de — envers quelqu’un_; to be wanting in respect towards any one. _Présenter ses —s à quelqu’un_; to pay one’s respects to any one, to give one’s kind regards to. _Se faire porter —_; to make one’s self respected. _Imprimer_, or _imposer_, _le — à_; to impress any one with respect, to awe any one. _Tenir en —_; to keep in awe or in respect. _Sauf votre —_; saving your presence. _Sauf le — que je vous dois_; with due deference to you. =respectabilité=, _n.f._, respectability. =respectable= (rès-pèk-), _adj._, respectable, venerable. =respectablement=, _adv._, respectably. =respecter= (rès-pèk-), _v.a._, to respect, to reverence, to revere; to spare. _— la vieillesse_; to respect old age. _Respectez ses sentiments_; spare his feelings. _Le temps n’a pas respecté ces monuments_; time has not spared those monuments. _Se faire —_; to command respect. _se_ =respecter= (rès-pèk-té), _v.r._, to respect one’s self; to respect each other. =respecti-f=, =-ve= (rès-pèk-), _adj._, respective. =respectivement= (rès-pèk-tiv-mān), _adv._, respectively. =respectueusement= (rès-pèk-tu-eûz-mān), _adv._, respectfully, reverentially, dutifully, deferentially. =respectueu-x=, =-se= (rès-pèk-), _adj._, respectful, reverential, dutiful, deferential. =respirable= (rès-), _adj._, respirable, breathable. =respirateur=, _adj._, respiratory. _n.m._, respirator. =respiration= (rès-), _n.f._, respiration, breathing. _Difficulté de —_; shortness of breath. _Avoir la — coupée_; to be unable to get one’s breath. =respiratoire= (rès-pi-ra-toar), _adj._, respiratory. =respirer= (rès-pi-ré), _v.n._, to breathe, to respire; to take breath, to draw breath, to rest; to long for. _Il a de la peine à —_; he can scarcely breathe. _— après quelque chose_; to long for anything, to desire anything ardently. =respirer= (rès-), _v.a._, to breathe, to inhale; to thirst after, to long for; to bespeak, to betoken, to express. _Son visage respire la douceur_; his face betokens gentleness. _Il ne respire que la vengeance_; he thirsts after vengeance. =resplendir= (rès-plān-), _v.n._, to shine brightly; to be resplendent, to glitter. =resplendissant=, =-e= (rès-plān-), _adj._, resplendent, bright, glittering. =resplendissement= (rès-plān-dis-mān), _n.m._, resplendence. =responsabilité= (rès-), _n.f._, responsibility, liability. =responsable= (rès-), _adj._, responsible, answerable, liable, accountable. =responsi-f=, =-ve= (rès-), _adj._, (jur.) responsory. =ressac= (rĕ-sak), _n.m._, (nav.) surf. *=ressaigner= (rĕ-sè-), _v.a._ and _n._, to bleed again. =ressaisir= (rĕ-sè-zir), _v.a._, to seize again, to take again, to recover possession of. _se_ =ressaisir= (rĕ-sè-zir), _v.r._, to seize again, to recover possession of. =ressaler=, _v.a._, to salt again. =ressasser= (rĕ-sa-sé), _v.a._, to sift again; to examine minutely; to scrutinize. =ressasseu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, tiresome repeater. =ressaut= (rĕ-sô), _n.m._, (arch.) ressault, projection; abrupt fall, dip. =ressauter= (rĕ-sô-té), _v.a.n._, to leap again; (arch.) to project. =ressécher= (rĕ-sé-), _v.a._, to dry again. =resseller= (rĕ-sè-lé), _v.a._, to saddle again. =ressemblance= (rĕ-sān-), _n.f._, resemblance, likeness, similarity. _Se tromper à la —_; to be deceived by the likeness. =ressemblant=, =-e= (rĕ-sān-), _adj._, resembling, like, similar. _C’est très —_; it is a striking likeness. =ressembler= (rĕ-sān-), _v.n._, to resemble, to be like, to take after. _Le fils ressemble à son père_; the son resembles his father. _Ce portrait vous ressemble peu_; this portrait is not much like you. _se_ =ressembler= (rĕ-sān-), _v.r._, to resemble one another, to be like each other, to be alike; to be uniform. _Ils se ressemblent comme deux gouttes d’eau_; they are as like as two peas. _Qui se ressemble_, _s’assemble_; birds of a feather flock together. =ressemelage= (rĕ-sĕ-mlaj), _n.m._, resoling (of boots); new footing (of stockings). =ressemeler= (rĕ-sĕ-mlé), _v.a._, to sole anew (boots or shoes); to foot anew (stockings). =ressemer= (rĕ-sĕ-mé), _v.a._, to sow again. =ressenti=, =-e= (rĕ-sān-), _part._, felt; (paint.) strongly expressed, or marked; full of expression. =ressentiment= (rĕ-sān-), _n.m._, slight return, attack, touch (of disease, pain); desire of vengeance, resentment. _Avec —_; resentingly. _Plein de —_; resentful. =ressentir= (rĕ-sān-), _v.a._, to feel, to experience; to manifest, to show; to have a sense of. _— du malaise_; to feel uncomfortable. _Elle ressent vivement cette injure_; she feels that insult keenly. _se_ =ressentir= (rĕ-sān-), _v.r._, to feel the effects of, to perceive, to resent; to feel (disease, pain); to feel the effects of. _Il se ressent encore de ses pertes_; he still feels the effects of his losses. _— d’une injure_; to resent an injury. =resserrement= (rĕ-sèr-mān), _n.m._, contraction, closing, tightening; restriction, oppression; (med.) stricture, contraction, costiveness. =resserrer= (rĕ-sè-ré), _v.a._, to tie again; to tie tighter, to draw closer, to bind tighter, to confine, to compress, to contract, to straighten; to rivet; to put by, away again; to keep more closely; to restrain, to confine; (print.) to lock up again; (nav.) to take in sails again; (milit.) to close again. _— une rivière dans son lit_; to confine a river to its bed. _Le froid resserre les pores_; cold contracts the pores. _— les liens de l’amitié_; to draw closer the bonds of friendship. _se_ =resserrer= (rĕ-sè-ré), _v.r._, to contract, to be contracted; to be narrower, closer; to confine one’s self, to be compressed; to become tighter; to become colder (of the weather); to retrench one’s expenses; to be restricted in circulation (of money). _Le temps se resserre_; the weather is getting colder. =ressif= (rè-sif), _n.m._ _V._ =récif=. =ressort= (rĕ-sor), _n.m._, spring; elasticity; energy; activity, force, strength; means. _À —_; with a spring. _Faire —_; to fly back. _Il n’agit que par —_; he acts only at the instigation of others. _Faire jouer tous ses —s_; to use every effort. =ressort= (rĕ-sor), _n.m._, extent of jurisdiction; department, province, line; (jur.) resort. _En dernier —_; (jur.) in the last resort; without appeal. _Cela n’est pas de mon —_; that is not within my province, or not in my line. =ressortir= (rĕ-sor-), _v.n._, (_pres. part._ ressortant) to go out again; to be set off, to stand out (of a thing); to arise (from), to proceed (from), to result (from); to follow. _Faire —_; to bring forward, to show off, to set forth, to bring out in relief. =ressortir= (rĕ-sor-), _v.n._, (_pres. part._ ressortissant), (jur.) to be under the jurisdiction of, to depend (on); to be dependent (on); to refer (to). =ressortissant=, =-e= (rĕ-sor-), _adj._, (jur.) appealable (to), amenable (to), under the jurisdiction (of), dependent (on). =ressouder= (rĕ-soo-), _v.a._, to solder again. =ressoudure=, _n.f._, re-soldering. =ressource= (rĕ-soors), _n.f._, resource, expedient, shift. _pl._, resources. _Faire —_; to procure resources; to raise the wind; to finance. _C’est ma dernière —_; that is my last shift. _— désespérée_; desperate expedient, shift. _Un malheur sans —_; an irreparable misfortune. _Je suis perdu_, _ruiné_, _sans —_; I am irretrievably ruined. _Il n’y a point de —_; there’s no help for it. _C’est un homme de —_; he is a man fertile in expedients, a man of resource. ☉=ressouvenance= (rĕ-soo-vnans), _n.f._, remembrance. =ressouvenir= (rĕ-soo-vnir), _n.m._, remembrance, recollection; reminiscence, memento; twinge, return (of pain). _se_ =ressouvenir= (rĕ-soo-vnir), _v.r._, to recollect, to remember. _Faire ressouvenir_; to put in mind. _Vous en ressouvient-il?_ do you remember it? =ressuage= (rĕ-), _n.m._, (tech.) sweating; (metal.) eliquation. =ressuer= (rĕ-), _v.n._, (metal.) to eliquate; (tech.) to sweat. =ressui= (rè-), _n.m._, lair (where animals dry themselves). =ressuiement=, _n.m._, drying. =ressuscitation=, _n.f._, _or_ =ressuscitement=, _n.m._, resuscitation, revival, renewal. =ressuscitatoire=, _adj._, reviving. =ressusciter= (rè-), _v.a._, to resuscitate, to raise from the dead, to bring to life again, to revive. =ressusciter= (rè-), _v.n._, to rise from the dead, to come to life again, to be resuscitated. =ressuyer= (rè-), _v.n._, to wipe, to dry, again. _se_ =ressuyer= (rè-), _v.r._, to dry; to air (of linen). =restant=, =-e= (rès-), _adj._, remaining, left. _Poste —e_; till called for. =restant= (rès-), _n.m._, remainder, rest. ☉=restaur= (rès-), _n.m._, (com.). _V._ =ristourne=. =restaurant=, =-e= (rès-), _adj._, restorative. =restaurant= (rès-), _n.m._, restorative; eating-house, dining-rooms, luncheon-rooms. =restaurat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice= (rès-), _n.f._, restorer. =restaurateur= (rès-), _n.m._, eating-house keeper. =restaurati-f=, =-ve= (rès-), _adj._, (med.) restorative. =restauration= (rès-), _n.f._, restoration, repairing, re-establishment. =restaurer= (rès-), _v.a._, to restore; to re-establish, to repair; to put in thorough repair; to revive, to refresh. _— ses forces_; to restore one’s strength. _se_ =restaurer= (rès-), _v.r._, to take refreshment, to refresh one’s self; to recover one’s strength. =reste=, _n.m._, rest, remainder, remnant, remains, residue, scrap, relic, leavings. _pl._, mortal remains. _Avoir de —_; to have something left and to spare, to have remaining. _De —_; left, remaining, enough and more than enough. _Et le —_; and the rest of it, and so forth, et cætera. _Faire son —_; to stake all the money one has left. _Jouer de son —_; to play one’s last stake. _Donner son — à quelqu’un_; to give it to, to abuse, to beat any one. _Il ne demanda pas son —_; he did not wait for anything more, he sneaked off. _Être en —_; to be behindhand, to be in arrears. _Il n’y a rien de —_; there is nothing left. _J’en ai de —_; I have more than enough. _Du —_; however, moreover, nevertheless. _Au —_; besides. _N’être pas de — avec_; not to be beholden to. =rester=, _v.n._, to remain, to be left; to stay, to stop, to continue, to keep; (mus.) to hold; (nav.) to bear. _C’est tout ce qui me reste_; that is all I have left. _Il reste quelque argent_; there is some money left. _Que me reste-t-il à faire?_ what am I to do now? _Il me reste à vous dire_; I have still to tell you. _Il resta à Rome après notre départ_; he stayed at Rome after our departure. _Il est resté stupéfait_; he remained thunderstruck. _Restez tranquille_; keep quiet, keep still. _— chez soi_; to stay at home. _Où en sommes-nous restés?_ where did we leave off? _En — à_; to leave off, to stop. _Restons-en là_; let us stop there; let us say no more about it. =restituable= (rès-), _adj._, repayable, returnable, to be refunded. =restituer= (rès-), _v.a._, to restore, to return, to give back again, to refund. _— un passage d’un livre_; to restore a passage in a book. =restituteur= (rès-), _n.m._, restorer (of the texts of authors). =restitution= (rès-), _n.f._, restitution, restoration; (jur.) relief, release. =restreindre= (rès-), (restreignant, restreint), _v.a._, to restrict, to restrain, to limit, to confine, to stint. _se_ =restreindre= (rès-), _v.r._, to restrain one’s self, to limit one’s self (to), to be restricted. =restricti-f=, =-ve= (rès-), _adj._, restrictive. =restriction= (rès-), _n.f._, restriction, restraint; reserve. _— mentale_; mental reservation. =restringent=, =-e= (rès-), _adj._, (med.) (l.u.) astringent. =restringent=, _n.m._, (med.) (l.u.) astringent. =résultant=, =-e=, _adj._, resulting, arising; resultant. =résultante=, _n.f._, (med.) resultant. =résultat=, _n.m._, result. _En —_; finally, ultimately, eventually. =résulter=, _v.n._, to result, to follow (from); to be the consequence (of). _Que résulte-t-il de là?_ what follows from that? _Qu’en peut-il —?_ what can be the consequences? =résumé=, _n.m._, recapitulation, summary; abridgment; epitome; short account; (jur.) summing up of a judge. _Au —_, _en —_; upon the whole, after all, to sum up. =résumer=, _v.a._, to recapitulate, to sum up, to give a summary. _— un discours_; to give a summary of a speech. _se_ =résumer=, _v.r._, to recapitulate, to sum up; to embody, to be comprised; to be summed up. =résurrecti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, life-giving, life-restoring. =résurrection=, _n.f._, resurrection, rising. =résurrectionniste=, _n.m._, resurrectionist. =retable=, _n.m._, (arch.) altar screen, reredos. =rétablir=, _v.a._, to re-establish, to restore, to repair; to recover; to re-install; to set up again; to retrieve; to revive. _— son honneur_; to retrieve one’s honor. _— sa santé_; to recover one’s health. _— quelqu’un_; to set any one up again. _se_ =rétablir=, _v.r._, to recover one’s health; to get well again; to be re-established, restored, repaired. _Le crédit commence à se —_; credit is gradually being restored. =rétablissement= (-blis-mān), _n.m._, re-establishment, restoration, repairing, recovery, re-instatement, revival, recovery of health. _Sans espoir de —_; past recovery. _— dans les bonnes grâces de quelqu’un_; restoration to any one’s good graces. _— du commerce_; revival of commerce. *=retaille=, _n.f._, (manu.) piece cut off; shred, paring. *=retailler=, _v.a._, to cut, to mend again (pens, pencils); to prune again. =rétamage=, _n.m._, tinning over again; re-silvering. =rétamer=, _v.a._, to tin over again; to re-silver. =rétameur=, _n.m._, tinker. =retapé=, =-e=, _adj._, done up (of hats); (pop.) spruce, natty, smart. =retaper=, _v.a._, ☉to cock (a hat); to do up (a hat); to curl and powder (a wig). _— les cheveux_; to turn up the hair. _se_ =retaper=, _v.r._, to be done up (of hats); (pop.) to dress one’s self out. =retard=, _n.m._, delay; (mus.) retardation; slowness (of a clock). _Apporter du —_; to cause delay. _Eprouver du —_; to suffer delay. _Être en —_; to be late; to be in arrears; to be backward, to be behind time. _Votre montre est en — de deux minutes_; your watch is two minutes slow. _Nous avons dix minutes de —_; (of railways) the train is ten minutes late. _Avoir une patte en —_; to walk lame. =retardataire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, in arrears; defaulter, loiterer, lagger; in arrears; late, behindhand. =retardat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, (phys.) retarding. =retardation=, _n.f._, (phys.) retardation. =retardement=, _n.m._, delay, retardment, putting off; (com., nav.) over-time, demurrage. =retarder=, _v.a._, to retard, to delay, to defer, to put off; to hinder; to put back (clocks and watches). _— une horloge_; to put a clock back. =retarder=, _v.n._, to lose, to go too slow (of clocks and watches); to come later. _Ma montre retarde_; my watch loses. _Sa fièvre retarde tous les jours d’environ une heure_; his fit of ague comes on one hour later every day. =retâter=, _v.a._, to touch and feel again; to taste again; to grope about again; to try, to begin again, to alter, to mend, to correct. =reteindre=, _v.a._, to dye again. =retendre=, _v.a._, to bend again; to pull again, to stretch again, to spread again. =retenir= (rĕ-tnir), _v.a._, to get again; to get hold of again; to retain, to keep, to withhold, to keep back; to reserve; to curb; to bespeak, to hire; to secure, to engage; to detain, to keep, to confine; to hold back, to hinder; to restrain, to keep from; to remember; (arith.) to carry. _Posez sept et retenez deux_; (arith.) put down seven and carry two. _— une chambre_; to secure a room. _— une place à la diligence_; to bespeak a place in the coach. _— une place_; to keep, or secure, a place. _— un domestique_; to engage a servant. _Il ne saurait — sa langue_; he cannot restrain his tongue. _— sa colère_; to restrain one’s anger. _Qu’est-ce qui vous retient?_ what hinders you? _Je ne sais ce qui me retient_; I don’t know what hinders me. _— une poutre_; (carp.) to secure a beam. _— quelqu’un_; to detain any one. _Je ne vous retiendrai pas_; I won’t keep you a minute. _se_ =retenir=, _v.r._, to keep back, to forbear; to control one’s self; to stop; to seize hold, to catch hold of, to clutch, to cling to; (man.) to hold back. =retenir=, _v.n._, to hold back (of horses); to breed (of mares). =retenter=, _v.a._, to re-attempt. =rétenti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, retentive. =rétention=, _n.f._, reservation, reserve, retention; (jur.) retaining. =rétentionnaire=, _n.m.f._, (jur.) detainer. _adj._, detaining. =retentir=, _v.n._, to resound, to ring, to re-echo, to clank, to rattle. =retentissant=, =-e=, _adj._, resounding, ringing, echoing, sonorous, loud; famous. _Voûte —e_; echoing vault. =retentissement= (-tis-mān), _n.m._, resounding, echo, re-echoing, clanking, rattling, ringing; fame, celebrity. _Avoir du —_; to make a great noise; to be spread abroad. =retentum= (ré-tin-tom), _n.m._, mental reserve; (jur.) ☉tacit clause, proviso. =retenu=, =-e= (rĕ-tnu), _adj._, circumspect, reserved, cautious, timid, discreet, wary; prudent, coy, shy. =retenue=, _n.f._, reserve, discretion, circumspection, caution, prudence; keeping in, detention; (fin.) stoppage. _Il faut avoir de la —_; one must keep within bounds. _Être en —_; to be in detention; (school) to be kept in. _Sans —_; unreservedly. _Palan de —_; relieving tackle. =reterçage= _or_ =retersage=, _n.m._, second dressing (of vines). =retercer= _or_ =reterser=, _v.a._, to dress vines again. =rétiaire= (-ci-èr), _n.m._, (antiq.) net-fighter. =réticence=, _n.f._, reserve, concealment; (rhet.) reticence. =réticulaire=, _adj._, (anat.) reticular. =réticule=, _n.f._, reticule, reticle (of a telescope); bag; hair-net. =réticulé=, =-e=, _adj._, (arch., bot.) reticulated. =réti-f=, =-ve=, _n._ and _adj._, restive; stubborn, mulish. =rétiforme=, _adj._, retiform. =rétine=, _n.f._, (anat.) retina (of the eye). =retirable=, _adj._, withdrawable. ☉=retirade=, _n.f._, (fort.) retirade. =retiration=, _n.f._, (print.) working off the outer form. =retiré=, =-e=, _adj._, retired, lonely, solitary, secluded; shrunk, contracted. =retirement= (-tir-mān), _n.m._, (surg.) contraction, shrinking of the nerves and muscles. =retirer=, _v.a._, to draw again; to draw back; to withdraw; to draw out; to take away; to redeem, to recover; to retract, to claim, to withdraw; to reap, to get, to derive; to receive; to lodge, to shelter, to harbor; to fire off again, to let off again (fireworks); to remove (from school, prison); to derive (profit). _— sa parole_; to call back one’s word. _— quelqu’un de prison_; to remove any one from prison. _— des choses qui étaient en gage_; to take things out of pawn. _— son enjeu_; to withdraw one’s stakes. _— du danger_; to rescue from danger. _se_ =retirer=, _v.r._, to retire, to withdraw, to go away; (of water) to subside, to recede, to ebb; to retire from, to leave; to quit; to shrink, to contract, to recoup _or_ retrieve one’s self, to be drawn back _or_ withdrawn. _Retirez-vous_; leave the room; be off; (jur.) stand down (to witnesses). _Il s’est retiré du service_; he has quitted the service. _Se — du commerce_; to retire from business. _Se — en lieu de sûreté_; to retire to a place of safety. _Il se retire de bonne heure_; he keeps good hours. _Ils se retirèrent chacun chez eux_; they retired to their respective homes. =retirer=, _v.n._, to withdraw, to ebb, to go down (of the tide). =retisser=, _v.a._, to weave again. =retombée=, _n.f._, (arch.) springing (of an arch). =retomber=, _v.n._, to fall again; to relapse, to fall down again; to fall. _— malade_; to fall ill again. _— dans la même faute_; to relapse into the same fault. =retondre=, _v.a._, to shear again; (arch.) to clean off, to cut away useless ornaments. =retoquer=, _v.a._, to pluck, to plow again (at exam.). =retordage=, _n.m._, (manu.) twisting. =retordement=, _n.m._, (manu.) twisting. =retordeur=, _n.m._, twister, throwster. =retordre=, _v.a._, to wring again, to twist again; to twist (silk, thread). _Donner du fil à — à quelqu’un_; to cut out work for any one, to give any one a great deal of trouble. _Se —_; to be twisted. =rétorquer=, _v.a._, to retort. =retors=, _-e_, _adj._, twisted; artful, deep, cunning, shrewd, crafty. _Un homme —_; a cunning, crafty man. =rétorsion=, _n.f._, act of retorting, retortion. =retorte=, _n.f._, (chem.) retort. _V._ =cornue=. *=retortiller=, _v.a._, to twist again. =retouche=, _n.f._, (paint.) retouching. =retoucher=, _v.n._, to touch again, to retouch; to touch up, to improve. =retoucher=, _v.a._, to retouch, to touch up, to improve; to correct, to alter. _Se —_; to be retouched. =retour=, _n.m._, return, coming back; turning; winding; recurrence, conversion; (jur.) reversion; (arch.) return; thing given in to boot, into the bargain; acknowledgment; decline of life; wane; artifice, trick; change, reciprocity, caprice, whim; vicissitude; (nav.) homeward voyage. _Le — du printemps_; the return of spring. _À mon —_; on my return. _Sans —_; forever, irreparably, irrecoverably, irretrievably. _Être de —_; to have returned. _Par — du courier_; by return of post. _Être sur son —_; to be upon the point of returning. _Être sur le —_; to be upon the decline of life, to be going downhill, to be on the wane; to be past middle age. _Avoir de fâcheux —s_; to be odd, whimsical. _Il n’y a point de — avec lui_; there is no peace to be made with him; there is no end to his resentment. _Amour qui n’est pas payé de —_; unrequited love. _À beau jeu, beau —_; one good turn deserves another. _La fortune a ses —s_; fortune has its vicissitudes. _Être perdu sans —_; to be past all hope. _— de chasse_; luncheon (after shooting). _Quel — me donnerez-vous?_ what will you give me to boot? _Faire un — sur soi-même_; to examine one’s self. _En — de_; in return for. _Je serai de — à midi_; I shall be back at twelve. _Billet de —_; return ticket. _Sans esprit de —_; without thinking of returning. _Payer de —_; to requite (hate, love, etc.). _Faire — à_; to return to, to revert. _— d’âge_; change of life. =retourne=, _n.f._, turn-up card, trump-card, trumps. =retourner=, _v.n._, to return, to go again, to go back, to go back again; to turn up (at cards). _— sur ses pas_; to retrace one’s steps. _— en arrière_; to turn back. _— à son travail_; to return to one’s work. _N’y retournez pas_; don’t do it again. _Il retourne cœur_; hearts are trumps. _Voyons de quoi il retourne_; (pop.) let us see what’s going on, or how matters stand. =retourner=, _v.a._, to turn, to turn up; to revolve, to turn over, round, about, up, back; to turn (clothes); to mix (a salad). _— un habit_; to turn a coat. _— du foin_; to turn hay. _— une carte_; to turn up a card. _— une salade_; to mix a salad. _se_ =retourner=, _v.r._, to turn, to turn round; to turn one’s self, to be turned. _S’en retourner_; to return home, to go back again, to turn back. =retracement=, _n.m._, retracing; description, relation. =retracer=, _v.a._, to trace again; to retrace, to trace; to recount, to relate. _se_ =retracer=, _v.r._, to retrace, to recall to mind, to remember; to return, to recur, to be traced again. =rétractation=, _n.f._, retractation, recantation. =rétracter=, _v.a._, to retract, to recall, to recant. _se_ =rétracter=, _v.r._, to retract; to make a retraction; to recant. =rétractile=, _adj._, retractile. =rétractilité=, _n.f._, retractility. =rétraction=, _n.f._, (med.) retraction; contraction. =retraduire=, _v.a._, to translate again. =retraire=, _v.a._, (jur.) to redeem an estate; to milk again. =retrait=, =-e=, _adj._, lean, shrunk (grain); shrunk (of wood); (jur.) withdrawn, redeemed. =retrait=, _n.m._, closet, private room; (jur.) redemption, regaining possession; withdrawal (of a bill in parliament, of money from a bank); (arch.) off-set; shrinking, contraction (of clay, metals). _— conventionnel_; (jur.) re-emption. _Le — d’un projet de loi_; the withdrawal of a bill in parliament. _— d’emploi_; (milit.) being unattached (of officers). =retraite=, _n.f._, retreat; retiring; retirement; refuge, hiding-place, haunt, lurking-place; retiring pension, pension; shrinking, contraction (of clay, of metals); (arch.) offset; nail (in the foot of a horse); (milit.) tattoo; (com.) redraft. _Battre en —_; to retreat, to draw off, to beat a retreat. _Sonner la —_; (hunt.) to call off the hounds; (milit.) to sound a retreat. _Donner — à quelqu’un_; to shelter any one, to harbour any one. _— de voleurs_; resort, den, of thieves. _Donner à quelqu’un sa —_; to pension any one off. _Mettre à la —_; to pension off, to superannuate. _Prendre sa —_; to retire on a pension, to retire from the service. _Battre la —_; (milit.) to beat the tattoo. _Officier en —_; retired, _or_ half-pay, officer. =retraité=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, one who is pensioned off, superannuated; on the retired list. _Officier —_; officer on the retired list. _Un —_; one who is pensioned off, a pensioner. =retranchement= (-trānsh-mān), _n.m._, retrenchment, abridging, suppression; curtailment; (milit.) retrenchment, intrenchment. _Forcer quelqu’un dans ses —s_; to storm any one in his stronghold. =retrancher=, _v.a._, to retrench, to curtail, to cut short; to cut off, to strike off, to erase; (arith.) to subtract; to take away, to abridge; to suppress; to deduct; to take away (from); (milit.) to intrench. _— un camp_; to intrench a camp. _se_ =retrancher=, _v.r._, to restrain one’s self; to confine one’s self; to retrench, to curtail one’s expenses; (milit.) to intrench one’s self; to fall back upon, to urge, to plead, to put forward. =retranscrire=, _v.a._, to copy out again. *=retravailler=, _v.a._, to work again, to do over again. =retraverser=, _v.a._, to cross, to traverse again. =retrayant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (jur.) repurchaser; re-emptor. =rêtre=, _n.m._ _V._ =reître=. =rétréci=, =-e=, _adj._, narrow, cramped, contracted, confined. =rétrécir=, _v.a._, to take in, to straiten, to make narrower, to contract; to narrow, to cramp; to shrink; to limit. _se_ =rétrécir=, _v.r._, to become narrow, to grow strait; to shrink, to contract; to be cramped, contracted, straitened. =rétrécir=, _v.n._, to narrow, to shrink up. =rétrécissement= (-sis-mān), _n.m._, narrowing, shrinking, cramping; contracting; narrowness, contraction; (med.) stricture. =rétreindre=, _v.a._, to hammer out (metal). =rétreinte=, _n.f._, hammering out. =retremper=, _v.a._, to temper again (metal); to give renewed force to, to strengthen. _se_ =retremper=, _v.r._, to acquire renewed strength; to recruit one’s strength, to be strengthened, invigorated. =rétribué=, =-e=, _adj._, remunerated, rewarded. =rétribuer=, _v.a._, to remunerate, to requite, to reward; to give a salary, a fee, to. =rétribution=, _n.f._, retribution, reward. =rétroacti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, retroactive. =rétroaction=, _n.f._, retroaction. =rétroactivement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, retroactively. =rétroactivité=, _n.f._, retroactive effect. =rétroagir=, _v.n._, to have a retroactive effect. =rétrocéder=, _v.a._, to give back again, to cede back; (jur.) to reconvey; to reassign. =rétrocessi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, retroceding, retrocedent. =rétrocession=, _n.f._, (jur.) retrocession, redemise, reconveyance. =rétrogradation=, _n.f._, (astron.) retrogradation, retrogression, retrocession. =rétrograde=, _adj._, retrograde. =rétrograder=, _v.n._, to retrograde, to go backward; to go back. =rétrogressi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, retrogressive. =rétrogression=, _n.f._, retrogression. =rétrospecti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, retrospective. =retroussé=, =-e=, _part._, turned up, tucked up, cocked up. _Nez —_; snub nose, turned-up nose. _Avoir le bras —_; to have one’s sleeves tucked up. =retroussement= (-troos-mān), _n.m._, turning up, tucking up, cocking up, curling up. =retrousser=, _v.a._, to turn up, to tuck up, to cock; to tie up; (nav.) to truss up sails. _— sa robe_; to tuck up one’s gown. _— sa moustache_; to turn up one’s moustache. _se_ =retrousser=, _v.r._, to turn up, to cock up; to tie up; to tuck up one’s gown. =retroussis=, _n.m._, cock, flap (of a hat); boot-top, top (of a boot); facing (of a uniform, livery). =retrouver=, _v.a._, to find again, to recover; to recognize; to meet again. _Je le retrouverai bien_; he will not escape me. _se_ =retrouver=, _v.r._, to find one another again; to find one’s self again; to be found again; to be met with again; to find one’s way. =rets= (ré), _n.m._, net, netting, snare, toils. =réunion=, _n.f._, reunion, union, junction; meeting, assembly; company; concourse, gathering; party, soirée, reception. _Salle de —_; assembly-room. _Maison de —_; meeting-house. =réunir=, _v.a._, to reunite, to join again, to bring together again, to reannex; to unite, to join, to bring together, to annex; to collect, to assemble, to muster; to call together, to combine; to reconcile, to unite. _— des faits_; to collect facts. _se_ =réunir=, _v.r._, to reunite, to unite, to join, to join again, to unite again; to be united, to be joined, to be collected; to meet (at an appointed place); to gather, to collect, to come together, to assemble, to muster, to club together, to combine, to blend, to be blended. =réussi=, =-e=, _adj._, successful, brilliant, well executed _or_ carried out. _Bien —_; well done; a success, well-performed. _Mal —_; badly done; spoilt, badly performed; not a success. =réussir=, _v.n._, to succeed, to prosper, to thrive, to be successful, to have success. _— à faire quelque chose_; to succeed in doing anything. _Il a mal réussi_; he was unsuccessful. _Ce projet n’a pas réussi_; the plan did not succeed. _Tout ce qu’il entreprend lui réussit_; everything he undertakes succeeds. _Les pommiers réussissent dans ce terrain_; apple-trees thrive in this soil. _Cela m’a bien réussi_; that answered my purpose admirably. =réussir=, _v.a._, to carry out well, to execute well, to accomplish, to perform. =réussite=, _n.f._, success; issue, event, result. =revacciner=, _v.a._, to revaccinate. =revalidation=, _n.f._, (jur.) rendering valid again. =revaloir=, _v.a._, to return like for like; to be even with, to pay back. _Il me le revaudra_; he shall pay for it, I will be even with him (for it). =revanche=, _n.f._, revenge, retaliation; return; return-match (at play). _Avoir sa —_; to have one’s revenge; to have one’s turn. _Prendre sa —_; to take one’s revenge; to return like for like; to play the return-match. _En —_; by way of retaliation; in return. =revancher=, _v.a._, (fam.) to defend; to revenge; to return like for like. _se_ =revancher=, _v.r._, (fam.) to defend one’s self; to be revenged, to revenge; to return like for like; to have one’s turn. _Se — d’un bienfait_; to return a benefit. =revancheur=, _n.m._, (l.u.) defender. =rêvasser=, _v.n._, to have troubled dreams, to dream, to keep dreaming; to muse. _— à une affaire_; to muse over, _or_ ponder over, any matter. =rêvasserie= (-va-srî), _n.f._, unconnected, broken dreams; musing, dreaming. =rêvasseur=, _n.m._, dreamer, muser. =rêve=, _n.m._, dream; idle fancy, day-dream, vision, illusion. =revêche=, _adj._, sharp, harsh, rough; stubborn, unruly, cross, untractable, ill-natured, dogged, cross-grained, crabbed, cantankerous. _Diamant —_; diamond not polishable in all its parts. =rêve-creux=, _n.m._, (_—_) dreamer. *=réveil=, _n.m._, waking, awaking; waking-time; (horl.) alarum, alarm; alarm-watch, alarm-clock; (milit.) reveille. _À mon —_; on my awaking. *=réveille-matin=, _n.m._, (_—_) alarm-clock, alarum; chanticleer, cock; (bot.) wartwort, spurge. *=réveiller=, _v.a._, to awake, to wake, to rouse, to rouse up, to call up; to stir up, to quicken, to revive, to recall, to evoke, to rake up. _— des souvenirs fâcheux_; to recall disagreeable recollections. *_se_ =réveiller=, _v.r._, to wake, to awake, to wake up, to awaken; to revive; to be aroused, to be renewed, to be awakened. _Sa haine se réveilla_; his hatred was aroused. _Se — de son assoupissement_; to awake from one’s lethargy. _Se — en sursaut_; to start up out of one’s sleep. =réveilleu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, waker, awakener, caller. *=réveillon=, _n.m._, midnight repast; Christmas-eve revel; (paint.) strong touch of light. =révélat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, informer, revealer, discoverer, detector. _adj._, revealing, tell-tale. _— d’un complot_; revealer of a plot. _Être le — de ses complices_; to inform against one’s accomplices; (jur.) to turn king’s, queen’s, evidence. =révélation=, _n.f._, revelation; discovery, disclosure; (jur.) information. =révéler=, _v.a._, to reveal, to discover, to lay open, to disclose, to detect; to betray; to inform against; (fam., pop.) to blab. =revenant=, =-e=, _adj._, pleasing, prepossessing. _Physionomie —e_; pleasing physiognomy. =revenant= (rĕ-vnān), _n.m._, ghost, spirit. _Il y a des —s dans cette maison_; that house is haunted. =revenant-bon=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) perquisite; bonus; emolument; windfall, godsend. =revendage=, _n.m._, huckstering. =revendeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, retail dealer, retailer; dealer in old clothes; regrater. _—se à la toilette_; wardrobe dealer, dealer in cast clothes. =revendicable=, _adj._, claimable. =revendication=, _n.f._, (jur.) claim; claiming, demand. _Action en —_; (jur.) action in pursuit of a claim. =revendiquer=, _v.a._, to claim, to demand. =revendre=, _v.a._, to sell again; to re-sell. _Il en a à —_; he has enough of it, and to spare. _En — à quelqu’un_; to be deeper than any one, to be more than a match for any one; to outdo. =revenir= (rĕ-vnir), _v.n._, to come again, to come back, to come back again, to return, to recover, to recover one’s self; to get over, to come to one’s self, to come to; to be restored; to occur, to recur, to present one’s self; to resume, to reconsider; to alter one’s mind, to change one’s opinion, to recant, to retract; to be undeceived; to come over to, to adopt, to embrace; to retrieve; to be reconciled, to be appeased, to be pacified; to cost, to stand in; to amount, to come to; to be tantamount to; to please, to suit, to match; to arise, to accrue, to result, to proceed; to appear, to haunt, to walk; (jur.) to claim on a guarantee; (of food) to rise (in the stomach). _Faire — quelqu’un_; to call any one back. _Son nom ne me revient pas_; I do not recollect his name. _Revenons à notre propos_; let us resume, let us return to our business. _J’en reviens toujours là que_; I still persist in thinking that. _En — toujours là_; to be always harping on the same string. _— à la charge_; to return to the charge. _— à ses moutons_; to return to one’s subject. _— sur une matière_; to return to a subject. _— d’une maladie_; to recover from an attack of illness. _Il revient à vue d’œil_; he is recovering visibly. _— à soi_; to recover one’s senses, to come to one’s self again, to come to, to revive; to resume one’s serenity; to reform, to be reformed, to be reclaimed, to return to the right path. _— d’une frayeur_; to recover from a fright. _— en santé_; to recover one’s health. _— de loin_; to escape great danger, to have a narrow escape; to recover from a dangerous illness. _— sur l’eau_; to get afloat again, to recover one’s losses. _N’en pas —_; to wonder at, to be lost in astonishment. _En — d’une belle_; to have had a narrow escape. _Revenir à l’avis de_; to come over to the opinion of, to fall in with any one’s views. _Je n’en reviens pas_; I cannot recover from my astonishment, I cannot get over it; I cannot make it out; (fam.) it caps me. _— de ses préjugés_; to shake off one’s prejudices. _— de ses folies_; to leave off one’s old pranks. _Je suis revenu de ces amusements-là_; I do not care for those amusements any more _or_ these amusements pall upon me now. _— sur le compte de quelqu’un_; to have a better (_or_ a worse) opinion of any one (as the case may be). _Quand on m’a fait de ces tours, je ne reviens pas_; when people play me such tricks as those I never forgive them. _Son humeur ne me revient pas_; his humor does not please me. _Les deux choses reviennent au même_; the two things amount to the same, come to the same, are tantamount to the same. _Cet habit revient à tant_; that coat costs so much. _Il me revient que_; I hear, I am told, _or_ I understand that. _Il ne m’en revient rien_; I get nothing by it. _De la viande qui revient_; meat that rises in one’s stomach. _Le vin fait — le cœur_; wine cheers the heart. _Faire — de la viande_; (cook.) to parboil, to half-cook meat. =revente=, _n.f._, resale; selling again, reselling; regrating. _De —_; second-hand. _Lit de —_; second-hand bed. =reventer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to fill a sail again. =revenu= (rĕ-vnu), _n.m._, revenue, income, rent, profit. _Etat des —s_; rental. _—s casuels_; perquisites. =revenue=, _n.f._, young wood (of a coppice). =rêver=, _v.n._, to dream, to be in a dream; to rave, to be light-headed; to talk idly; to have a wandering mind, to muse; to think, to reflect, to consider. _Il rêve tout éveillé_; he indulges in day-dreams. _J’ai rêvé longtemps sur cette affaire_; I have pondered long over that affair. _Je regagnai mon hôtellerie en rêvant_; I trudged back to my inn in a thoughtful mood. =rêver=, _v.a._, to dream, to long for, to desire ardently, to dream of. _Il ne rêve que fortune_; he thinks of nothing but riches. =réverbérant=, =-e=, _adj._, reverberating. =réverbération=, _n.f._, reverberation; reverberation, repercussion (of sound). _La — des rayons du soleil_; the reverberation of the solar rays. =réverbère=, _n.m._, reflector, street lamp. _Feu de —_; (chem.) reverberated fire. =réverbérer=, _v.a._ and _n._, to reverberate. =reverdie=, _n.m._, (nav.) return of the high tide. =reverdir=, _v.a._ and _n._, to paint green again; to become green again; to grow young again; to reblossom; (fig.) to grow influential, powerful again. _Planter là quelqu’un pour —_; to leave any one in the lurch; to give any one the slip. _Il faut — ces barreaux_; these iron bars must be painted green again. _Faire —_; to make green; to revive. =reverdissement= (-dis-mān), _n.m._, growing green again. =révéremment= (-ra-mān), _adv._, reverently. =révérence=, _n.f._, reverence, veneration; bow, curtsey. _Avec —_; reverently. _Faire une profonde —_; to make a low bow, a low curtsey. _Tirer sa — à quelqu’un_; (jest.) to bow to any one. =révérencielle=, _adj._, reverential. =révérencieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, reverentially. =révérencieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, reverential; bowing and scraping, obsequious. =révérend=, =-e=, _adj._, reverend. _Très —_; right reverend. [Sometimes used as a noun in the masculine.] =révérendissime=, _adj._, most reverend. =révérer=, _v.a._, to revere, to reverence, to venerate, to hold in veneration. =rêverie= (rê-vrî), _n.f._, reverie, musing; dream; raving, delirium. _Tomber en —_; to fall to musing. =revernir=, _v.a._, to glaze again, to varnish over again. ☉=reverquier=, _n.m._ _V._ =revertier=. =revers= (-vèr), _n.m._, back, reverse; facing (of clothes); lapel (of a coat); back stroke; top (of boots); reverse, change for the worse. _Coup de —_; back-handed stroke. _Donner un —_; to hit a back stroke. _Le — de la médaille_; the reverse side of the medal; (fig.) the dark side of the picture. _Le — de la tranchée_; (fort.) the reverse of the trench. _A_ or _de —_; (mil.) in the rear, on the flank. =réversal=, =-e=, _adj._, (jur.) confirmatory. =reverseau=, _n.m._, flashing-board (for doors, etc.). =reversement=, _n.m._, (nav.) trans-shipment. _V._ =transbordement=. =reverser=, _v.a._, to pour out again; to pour off; (nav.) to trans-ship (_V._ =transborder=); (com.) to transfer, to carry (forward _or_ over). =reversi= _or_ =reversis=, _n.m._, reversis (card game). =réversibilité=, _n.f._, (jur.) revertibility. =réversible=, _adj._, reversible; (jur.) revertible. =réversion=, _n.f._, (jur.) reversion. =réversoir=, _n.m._, dam, weir. =revertier= (-tié), _n.m._, sort of backgammon. =revêtement= (-vê-tmān), _n.m._, (arch., mas.) covering, lining, coating, casing, facing; (fort.) revetement; (joinery) veneering. =revêtir=, _v.a._, to clothe; to give clothes to, to invest; to dress; to put on, to assume; to endow a person with; to bestow on a person; (mas.) to line, to cover. _— les pauvres_; to clothe the poor. _— un habit_; to put on a coat. _— ses pensées d’un style brillant_; to clothe one’s thoughts in brilliant language. _— la figure de quelqu’un_; to put on the air of some one else. _Les formes que revêt la pensée_; the forms that thought assumes. _— un personnage_; to assume a character. _Je me suis dépouillé de cet emploi pour l’en —_; I threw up this employment in his favor, to bestow it on him. _— une terrasse de gazon_; to cover a terrace with turf. _se_ =revêtir=, _v.r._, to clothe one’s self, to array one’s self, to invest one’s self, to dress, to put on, to assume, to take; to be invested. =rêveu-r=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, dreamer, muser; thoughtful, pensive, dreamy, musing. =revidage=, _n.m._, (at auction) knock-out. =revider=, _v.a._, to empty again; to knock out. =revient= (rĕvi-in), _n.m._, (com.) only used in: _prix de —_; net cost. =revirade=, _n.f._, (backgammon) back-game. =revirement= (re-vir-mān), _n.m._, sudden change; (nav.) tacking; (com. and fin.) transfer. _— de parties_; (com.) transfer. =revirer=, _v.n._, (nav.) to tack about, to tack, to put about; to turn round, to change sides, to be a turn-coat, to rat. _Il a reviré de bord_; he has ratted. =revisable=, _adj._, revisable. =reviser=, _v.a._, to revise, to review, to examine. =reviseur=, _n.m._, reviser, examiner. =revision=, _n.f._, revisal, revision, re-examination, review. _Sujet à —_; questionable. _— de procès_; rehearing. _Faire la — d’une feuille_; (print.) to revise a sheet. _Conseil de —_; (milit.) examining-board (as to health of recruits). =revivification=, _n.f._, (chem.) revivification. =revivifier=, _v.a._, to revive, to revivify, to vivify; to regenerate. =revivre=, _v.n._, to come to life again; to live again; to revive. _Faire —_; to bring to life again, to revive, to restore. _Les pères revivent dans leurs enfants_; fathers live again in their children. =révocabilité=, _n.f._, revocability. =révocable=, _adj._, revocable, reversible, repealable. ☉=révocati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, repealing. =révocation=, _n.f._, revocation, repeal, revoking, recall. =révocatoire=, _adj._, revocatory. =revoici=, _prep._, (fam., jest) once more, here ... again. _Me —_; here am I again. =revoilà=, _prep._, (fam., jest) once more, there ... again. _Les revoilà!_ there they are again! =revoir=, _v.a._, to see again; to meet again; to revise, to review, to re-examine. _se_ =revoir=, _v.r._, to see, to meet, each other again; to be seen again. _Nous nous reverrons_; we shall meet again. =revoir=, _n.m._, seeing, _or_ meeting, again. _Au —_; good-bye for the present, _or_ till we meet again. _À —_; to be revised. =revoler=, _v.n._, to fly again, to fly back; to steal, _or_ rob, again. =revolin=, _n.m._, (nav.) eddy-wind. =révoltant=, =-e=, _adj._, revolting. =révolte=, _n.f._, revolt, rebellion. =révolté=, _n.m._, rebel. =révolter=, _v.a._, to cause to revolt _or_ rebel, to stir up; to rouse, to excite; to shock, to disgust, to horrify. _se_ =révolter=, _v.r._, to revolt, to rebel, to be indignant, to be shocked. =révolter=, _v.n._, to revolt, to rebel. =révolu=, =-e=, _adj._, revolved, accomplished, completed, finished, ended. =révoluti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (bot.) revolute. =révolution=, _n.f._, revolution. =révolutionnaire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, revolutionist; revolutionary. =révolutionnairement= (-sio-nèr-mān), _adv._, in a revolutionary manner. =révolutionner=, _v.a._, to revolutionize. =revolver= (ré-vol-vèr), _n.m._, revolver. =revomir=, _v.a._, to vomit, to throw up again; to vomit again; to bring up. =révoquer=, _v.a._, to recall (an ambassador); to dismiss (a clerk, an officer, an official, etc.); to revoke, to repeal. _— en doute_; to call in question. =revouloir=, _v.a._, to wish again, to wish again for. =revoyager=, _v.n._, to travel again. =revue=, _n.f._, review; magazine; survey, examination, revision. _Faire la — de_; to examine, to survey. _Faire une — de ses papiers_; to examine one’s papers. _Passer en —_; (milit.) to review. _Être gens de —_; to meet often. =révulsi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) revulsive. =révulsif=, _n.m._, (med.) revulsive. =révulsion=, _n.f._, revulsion. =rez=, _prep._, (l.u.) level with, even with. _— pied_, _— terre_; even, _or_ level, with the ground. =rez-de-chaussée=, _n.m._, (_—_) ground-floor; level with the ground. _Au —_; on the ground-floor. _À —_; level with the ground. =rhabdologie=, _n.f._ _V._ =rabdologie=. =rhabdomancie=, _n.f._ _V._ =rabdomancie=. *=rhabillage=, _n.m._, repairing, mending, botching, patching. *=rhabillement=, _n.m._ _V._ =rhabillage=. *=rhabiller=, _v.a._, to dress again, to clothe anew; to mend, to patch up. *=rhabilleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._ _V._ =rebouteur=. =rhagade=, _n.f._, (med.) rhagade, crack, chap, fissure. =rhapontic=, _n.m._, (bot.) bastard monk’s-rhubarb, rheum rhaponticum. =rhapsode=, _n.m._, =rhapsodie=, _n.f._, =rhapsodiste=, _n.m._ _V._ =rapsode=, =rapsodie=, =rapsodiste=. =rhénan=, =-e=, _adj._, (geog.) Rhenish. =rhésus= (-zus), _n.m._, pig-tailed baboon. =rhéteur=, _n.m._, rhetorician, rhetor. =rhétien=, =-ne= (ti-in, -tiè-n), _adj._, (geog.) Rhetian. =rhétoricien= (-si-in), _n.m._, rhetorician. =rhétorique=, _n.f._, rhetoric. _Figure de —_; rhetorical figure. _Faire sa —_; to be in the class of rhetoric (in the highest form but one; the _Remove_). =rhin=, _n.m._, (geog.) Rhine. _Vin du —_; Rhenish wine, Rhine-wine. =rhinanthe=, _n.f._, (bot.) cock’s-comb. =rhingrave=, _n.m._, rhingrave (German governor). =rhingrave=, _n.f._, (formerly) a sort of knee-breeches, knickerbockers. =rhinocéros= (-ros), _n.m._, rhinoceros. =rhinoplastie=, _n.f._, (surg.) rhinoplasty. =rhodium= (-om), _n.m._, (min.) rhodium. =rhododendron=, _n.m._, (bot.) rhododendron; rose-bay. =rhombe=, _n.m._, (geom.) rhomb, rhombus; (ich.) rhombus. =rhomboèdre=, _n.m._, (geom.) rhombohedron. =rhomboïdal=, =-e=, _adj._, rhomboidal. =rhomboïde=, _n.m._, (anat., geom.) rhomboid. =rhubarbe=, _n.f._, rhubarb. _— blanche_; white jalap. _— des moines_; monk’s-rhubarb, herb-patience. =rhum= (rom), _n.m._, rum. =rhumatique=, _adj._, rheumatic. =rhumatisant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, rheumatic. =rhumatismal=, =-e=, _adj._, rheumatic. =rhumatisme=, _n.m._, rheumatism. =rhumb=, _n.m._ _V._ =rumb=. =rhume=, _n.m._, cold. _— de cerveau_; cold in the head. _Un gros —_; a violent cold. _— de poitrine_; cold on the chest. _Attraper un —_; to catch a cold. =rhus= (rus), _n.m._ _V._ =sumac=. =rhythme=, _n.m._ _V._ =rythme=. =rhythmique=, _adj._ _V._ =rythmique=. =riant=, =-e=, _adj._, laughing, smiling, lively, cheerful; pleasant, pleasing. =ribambelle=, _n.f._, swarm, string; host, lot (of people). =ribaud=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, (l.ex.) ribald. =ribauderie= (-bô-drî), _n.f._, ribaldry. =ribaudure=, _n.f._, crease, fold (in cloth). =riblette=, _n.f._, (cook.) collop, rasher. =riblons=, _n.m.pl._, scrap-iron. =ribord=, _n.m._, (nav.) garboard strake. =ribordage=, _n.m._, (nav.) damage by fouling. =ribote=, _n.f._, (pop.) debauch, drunken bout. _Être en —_; to be boozy, drunk, tight; to be on the spree. _Faire —_; to have a drunken bout. =riboter=, _v.n._, (pop.) to get boozy, drunk; to be on the spree. =riboteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (pop.) drunkard; boozer. =ricanement= (-ka-n-mān), _n.m._, chuckling, chuckle, sneering, sneer; giggling, giggle. =ricaner=, _v.n._, to chuckle, to sneer, to snigger, to giggle. =ricanerie= (-ka-n-rî), _n.f._ _V._ =ricanement=. =ricaneu-r=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, sneerer, sneering; giggler, giggling. =ric-à-ric=, _adv._, in driblets; (fam.) rigorously, strictly. =richard=, _n.m._, moneyed man; rich fellow; capitalist, nabob. =riche=, _n.m._ and _adj._, rich man; rich, wealthy, opulent; sumptuous; copious; valuable, precious. _Un — parti_; a good match (marriage). _— moisson_; abundant harvest. _Langue —_; copious language. _Le mauvais —_; the rich man of the Gospel. =richement= (rish-mān), _adv._, richly, opulently, copiously, splendidly; preciously. =richesse=, _n.f._, riches, wealth, wealthiness, opulence; copiousness; richness. _La — d’une langue_; the copiousness of a language. _Contentement passe —_; enough is as good as a feast. =richissime=, _adj._, (fam.) inordinately rich. =ricin=, _n.m._, (bot.) palma Christi, castor-oil plant. _Huile de —_; castor-oil. =ricocher=, _v.n._, (artil.) to ricochet, to rebound. =ricochet=, _n.m._, duck and drake (rebound on the water); series; chain, succession; (artil.) ricochet. _Faire des —s_; (artil.) to ricochet; to make ducks and drakes on the water. _Feu à —_; (artil.) ricochet-firing _or_ fire. _C’est la chanson du —_; it is the same thing over and over again. _Par —_; indirectly. =rictus=, _n.m._, grin, grinning. =ride=, _n.f._, wrinkle (on the face); (bot.) wrinkle; ripple (on the water); (nav.) laniard. _—s des haubans_; shroud laniards. =ridé=, =-e=, _adj._, wrinkled; (bot.) rugose. _Une pomme —e_; a shriveled apple. =rideau=, _n.m._, curtain; screen (of trees); (fort.) rideau. _Tirer le —_; to draw the curtain. _Baisser le —_; (thea.) to drop the curtain. _Lever de —_; (thea.) curtain-raiser. _— d’entr’acte_; drop-scene. =ridée=, _n.f._, clap-net. =ridelle=, _n.f._, staff-side, standard-side (of a cart). =rider=, _v.a._, to wrinkle (the skin); to shrivel; to crumple; to ripple, to ruffle (water); to corrugate, to contract. _se_ =rider=, _v.r._, to wrinkle, to shrivel, to shrivel up; to ripple, to ruffle (of water). =ridicule=, _adj._, ridiculous. _Se rendre —_; to make one’s self ridiculous. =ridicule=, _n.m._, ridicule, ridiculousness; ridiculous person, ridiculous thing. _Tomber dans le —_, or _tourner au —_; to become ridiculous. _Tourner quelqu’un en —_; to ridicule any one. =ridiculement= (-kul-mān), _adv._, ridiculously. =ridiculiser=, _v.a._, to ridicule, to make ridiculous, to make fun (of). =ridiculité=, _n.f._, (l.u.) ridiculousness, ridiculous thing. _C’est une — de parler ainsi_; it is absurd to speak in this manner. =rièble=, _n.m._ _V._ =grateron=. =rien= (ri-in), _n.m._, nothing, nought, not anything; mere nothing, trifle, mere trifle. _Pour —_; for nothing, for next to nothing, for a mere trifle, for a song, _— de plus beau_; nothing finer. _— autre chose_; nothing else. _On ne fait — de —_; nothing can be made out of nothing. _Je n’en ferai —_; I shall do nothing of the sort. _Cette montre ne vous sert à —_; that watch is of no use to you. _Il ne sert à — de_; it is of no use to. _Cet homme ne m’est —_; that man is nothing to me. _Cela ne fait —_; that does not matter. _Tout comme si de — n’était_; as if nothing at all was the matter. _Ne faites semblant de —_; pretend not to mind it, not to see it, say nothing at all. _Je ne pense à — moins qu’à cela_; nothing is further from my thoughts. _Ce n’est — moins que cela_; it is quite another thing, it is anything but that. _En moins de —_; in the twinkling of an eye, in a trice. _De —_; don’t mention it! of nothing; insignificant. _— au monde ne me fera oublier cela_; nothing in the world will make me forget that. _— de —_; absolutely nothing. _Moins que —_; very little. _S’il y a — qui me plaise_; if anything pleases me. _Y a-t-il — de nouveau?_ is there any news? _N’aboutir à —_; to come to nothing. =rieu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, laugher, giggler, sneerer. _Il a les —s de son côté_; he has the laughers on his side. =rieu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, laughing, joking, sneering, mocking, jeering. =riflard=, _n.m._, old umbrella; gamp; (carp.) horse-plane; (for stones) paring-chisel; (for metal) rough file. =rigaudon=, _n.m._ _V._ =rigodon=. =rigide=, _adj._, rigid, strict, harsh, severe, stiff. =rigidement= (-jid-mān), _adv._, rigidly, strictly, harshly, stiffly. =rigidité=, _n.f._, rigidness, rigidity, stiffness, strictness, severity, harshness. =rigodon=, _n.m._, rigadoon (dance). =rigole=, _n.f._, trench, little ditch _or_ furrow, little gutter; culvert (of roads). =rigorisme=, _n.m._, rigorism, austerity; hyper-criticism. =rigoriste=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, rigorist; hyper-critic; over-rigid, over-severe; hypercritical. =rigoureusement= (-reûz-mān), _adv._, rigorously, severely, strictly, harshly. =rigoureu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, rigorous, stern, harsh; strict; severe, sharp; close. =rigueur= (-gheur), _n.f._, rigor, severity; harshness; sternness, sharpness, closeness, precision. _La — du sort_; the sternness of fate. _Traiter quelqu’un avec —_; to be severe with any one. _Cette règle est de —_; this rule is indispensable. _Jouer de —_; to play the strict rule of the game. _La — de l’hiver_; the inclemency of the winter. _À la —_; strictly speaking; in a strict sense; for once in a way; if absolutely necessary. *=rillettes=, _n.f.pl._, minced pork. *=rimaille=, _n.f._, (b.s.), rhyming doggerel. *=rimailler=, _v.n._, to write bad verses. *=rimailleur=, _n.m._, sorry rhymer, poetaster. =rime=, _n.f._, rhyme. _pl._ verse. _—s croisées_; alternate rhymes. _—s plates_; following rhymes (line by line). _Il n’y a ni — ni raison dans ce qu’il dit_; there is neither rhyme nor reason in what he says. =rimer=, _v.n._ and _a._, to rhyme. _Cela ne rime à rien_; there’s no sense in it; it is all nonsense; that means nothing at all. _De la prose rimée_; mere doggerel. =rimeur=, _n.m._, rhymer; poetaster. =rinçage=, _n.m._, rinsing. =rinceau=, _n.m._, (arch.) foliage; (her.) bough. =rincer=, _v.a._, to rinse, to wash, to cleanse. _Il a été bien rincé_; (pop.) he has been well drenched; he has been well thrashed; well paid out. _se_ =rincer=, _v.r._, to rinse. _Se — la bouche_; to rinse one’s mouth. =rinceu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, rinser, washer. =rinçoir=, _n.m._, rinsing tub. =rinçure=, _n.f._, rinsings; slops; (of wine) poor watery stuff. =ringard=, _n.m._, (tech.) fire-iron, poker, iron-rake. =ringrave=, _n.m.f._ _V._ =rhingrave=. ☉=riolé=, =-e=, _adj._, streaked. =rioter=, _v.n._, to giggle, to titter. =rioteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, giggler, titterer. =riotte=, _n.f._, tiff. =ripage=, _n.m._, (tech.) scraping. *=ripaille=, _n.f._, feasting, junketing. _Faire —_; to feast, to junket. =ripe=, _n.f._, (sculpt.) scraper. =riper=, _v.a._, (sculpt.) to scrape. =ripopée=, _n.f._, slops, medley; slipslop, mish-mash; bad wine. =riposte=, _n.f._, smart reply, repartee; (fenc.) parry and thrust, return. =riposter=, _v.n._, to repartee, to make a smart reply; to make a return; to reply, to answer, to return it; (fenc.) to parry and thrust. _Il riposta d’un soufflet_; he replied with a slap in the face. =ripuaire=, _adj._, riparian, riverine. =rire= (riant, ri), _v.n._, to laugh; to be merry; to look pleasant, to smile; to be in jest, to joke, to make game of; to trifle; to be favorable, to be propitious; to scoff at. _Eclater de —_; to break out into laughter, to burst out laughing. _Etouffer de —_; to be suffocating with laughter. _Se tenir les côtes de —_; to split one’s sides with laughing. _Se pâmer de —_; to die with laughing. _Avoir le mot pour —_; to be facetious, to be ever ready with a joke. _— à gorge déployée_; to roar with laughter. _— du bout des dents_, _— jaune_; to laugh on the wrong side of one’s mouth, to force a laugh. _— dans sa barbe_, _— sous cape_; to laugh in one’s sleeve. _— de_; to laugh at, not to mind, not to care for. _— de quelqu’un_; to laugh at any one. _— au nez de quelqu’un_; to laugh in any one’s face. _Apprêter à —_; to make one’s self a laughing-stock. _Rira bien qui rira le dernier_ or _marchand qui perd ne peut —_; let them laugh that win. _Cela fait —_; that makes one laugh. _Il n’y a pas là de quoi —_; there’s nothing to laugh at in that. _Il n’y a pas de quoi —_; it is no laughing matter. _Et la foule de —_; up went a great shout of laughter from the crowd! _— aux anges_; to laugh beyond measure; to laugh alone, _or_ to one’s self. _— aux dépens d’autrui_; to laugh at another’s expense. _Nous rirons bien_; we shall have great fun. _La fortune lui rit_; fortune smiles upon him. _Est-ce que vous riez?_ are you jesting? _Vous voulez —_; you are jesting. _Je le disais pour —_; I said it in jest. _— de bon cœur_; to laugh heartily. _Pour —_; in play, for fun. _En riant_, or _pour —_; jokingly, in jest, for fun. _Histoire de —_; for fun, for a lark. _Un roi pour —_; a sham king. _Un conte pour —_; a laughable story. _Pincer sans —_; to jest bitingly. _Tel qui rit vendredi, dimanche pleurera_; laughter is akin to tears, _or_ laugh to-day and cry to-morrow. _se_ =rire=, _v.r._, to laugh; to make sport, to jest, to trifle, to scoff. _On se rit de lui_; he is laughed at. =rire=, _n.m._, laugh; laughter, laughing; giggle; grin. _De grands éclats de —_; great shouts of laughter. _Un — moqueur_; a sneer. _Un — niais_; a silly laugh. _Un gros —_; loud laughter; a horse-laugh. _— étouffé_; suppressed laugh; giggle. _Accès de —_; fit of laughter. _Partir d’un éclat de —_; to burst out laughing. =ris=, _n.m._, (poet.) laugh, smile, laughter; (nav.) reef (of sails); (cook.) sweet-bread. _Un — forcé_; a forced laugh. _Un — moqueur_; a sneer. _Prendre un —_; (nav.) to take in a reef. _— de veau_; (cook.) sweet-bread. =risban=, _n.m._, (fort.) risband. =risdale=, _n.f._ _V._ =rixdale=. =risée=, _n.f._, laugh, laughter, mockery, derision; butt, laughing-stock; (nav.) gust, squall, flaw. _Être_, or _faire_, _la — de tout le monde_; to be the laughing-stock of everyone. _Objet de —_; laughing-stock. =riser=, _v.a._, (nav.) to strike a sail, to reef. =risette=, _n.f._, pretty laugh, smile. =risibilité=, _n.f._, risibility. =risible=, _adj._, risible; comical, laughable. =risiblement=, _adv._, laughably. =risquable=, _adj._, adventurous, hazardous; that may be ventured. =risque=, _n.m._, risk, hazard, peril. _J’en courrai le —_; I will run the risk of it. _À tout —_; at all hazards or costs. _À ses —s et périls_; at one’s own risk. _Au — de_; at the risk of. =risqué=, =-e=, _adj._, risky, hazardous, hazarded; bold; improper, broad, free. =risquer=, _v.a._, to risk, to hazard, to venture, to run the risk of, to have to fear. _Qui ne risque rien n’a rien_; nothing venture, nothing have. _— le paquet_; to risk all _or_ to brave the storm. _se_ =risquer=, _v.r._, to risk, to venture, to take one’s chance of. =risque-tout=, _n.m._, desperado, dare-devil. =risse=, _n.f._, (nav.) lashing-rope. =risser=, _v.a._, to lash, to frap. =rissole=, _n.f._, (cook.) minced meat fritter, rissole. =rissolé=, =-e=, _part._, (cook.) brown, browned; crackling. _Il a le visage —_; his face is sunburnt. =rissoler=, _v.a._, (cook.) to roast brown. _se_ =rissoler=, _v.r._, (cook.) to roast brown. =ristorne= _or_ =ristourne=, _n.f._, (com.) canceling an insurance. =ristorner= _or_ =ristourner=, _v.a._, (com.) to cancel an insurance; to carry to another account. =rit= _or_ =rite=, _n.m._, rite. =ritournelle=, _n.f._, (mus.) ritornello, flourish. =ritualiste=, _n.m.f._, ritualist. =rituel=, _n.m._, ritual, prayer-book. =rivage=, _n.m._, shore, sea-shore, strand, beach; bank-side (of rivers); water-side. _Être jeté sur le —_; to be cast ashore. _Quitter le —_; to put off. =rival=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, rival. _Ils sont rivaux de gloire_; they are rivals in glory. =rivaliser=, _v.n._, to rival, to vie, to compete, to strive, to strive with, to emulate. _Ils ont rivalisé d’efforts_; they vied with each other in efforts. =rivalité=, _n.f._, rivalry, rivalship, competition, emulation. =rive=, _n.f._, shore, bank (of rivers); border, skirt (of woods). _On n’y voit ni fond ni —_; (prov.) it is beyond any man’s comprehension. =rivement=, _n.m._, riveting. =river=, _v.a._, to rivet, to clinch. _— son clou à quelqu’un_; to give any one a clincher, to silence any one. =riverain= (rī-vrin), _n.m._, river-side resident; borderer; owner of riverside property. =riverain=, =-e=, _adj._, riparian, bordering (on rivers or woods); riverine; possessing property situated along a forest, road, or street. =rivet=, _n.m._, rivet. =rivetage=, _n.m._, riveting. =rivière=, _n.f._, river, stream. _Bras d’une —_; branch of a river. _Gens de —_; watermen. _La — est marchande_; the river is navigable. _Les petits ruisseaux font les grandes —s_; many a little makes a mickle. _Mettre des peaux en —_; to soak skins. _— de diamants_; diamond necklace, stream of diamonds. =rivoir=, _n.m._, riveting-hammer. =rivure=, _n.f._, hinge-pin. =rixdale=, _n.f._, rix-dollar. =rixe=, _n.f._, combat, conflict, fight, scuffle; brawl, dispute, affray; quarrel. =riz= (ri), _n.m._, (bot.) rice. _— au lait_; rice-milk. _Gâteau de —_; rice-pudding, rice-cake. =rize=, _n.m._, rize (Turkish coin). =rizière=, _n.f._, rice-field, rice-plantation. =rob=, _n.m._, (pharm.) rob. =robe=, _n.f._, gown, robe, dress, frock; coat (of certain animals); husk, peel (of certain vegetables, fruit); cloth (clergymen); long robe (lawyers). _— de femme_; dress, gown. _— d’enfant_; frock. _— de chambre_; morning-gown, dressing-gown. _— décolletée_; low dress. _— montante_; dress high to the neck. _Gens de —_; gentlemen of the long robe; barristers. _En — de chambre_; (of potatoes) in their skins, in their jackets. =rober=, _v.a._, to bark (madder). _— un chapeau_; to rub a hat; (of cigars) to wrap. =robin=, _n.m._, (b.s.) limb of the law, lawyer. =robin=, proper name used in the following familiar and proverbial expressions: _Toujours souvient à — de ses flûtes_; one always remembers one’s old ways. _C’est un plaisant —_; he is a contemptible fellow, _or_ an easy fool. =robinet=, _n.m._, cock; tap, plug. _— à deux eaux_, _à deux faces_, _à deux fins_; double-valve cock. _Fermer le —_; to turn off the cock. _Ouvrir le —_; to turn on the cock. =robinier=, _n.m._, (bot.) robinia, common acacia, locust-tree. =roborati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) (l.u.) roborant. =robre=, _n.m._, rubber (whist). =robuste=, _adj._, robust, hardy, strong, vigorous, sturdy. =robustement=, _adv._, robustly, hardily, lustily, stoutly. =robustesse=, _n.f._, robustness, strength, vigor. =roc=, _n.m._, rock (isolated mass of stony matter); ☉rook, castle (at chess). _— vif_; solid rock. *=rocaille=, _n.f._, rock-work, grotto work. *=rocailleur=, _n.m._, grotto-maker, rock-work-maker. *=rocailleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, pebbly, stony, flinty; rugged, rough. _Style —_; harsh style. =rocambeau=, _n.m._, (nav.) iron ring (holding the sails round the mast). =rocambole=, _n.f._, (hort.) rocambole, seasoning; a trite, sorry joke; ☉piquancy, point, zest; cream (of anything). _Et la —_; (pop.) and the rest of it. =roccelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) archil, orchil. =roche=, _n.f._, rock, boulder; quartz, stony mass (inland); rock (insensibility), flint, steel. _Cœur de —_; heart of flint. _Homme de la vieille —_; man of the old stamp or school. _Il y a quelque anguille sous —_; there is a snake in the grass; I can smell a rat. _— crayeuse_; chalk rock. _Eau de —_; spring water. =rocher=, _n.m._, rock, boulder, crag (sea-girt usually); (conch.) murex; (artificial) rockery. _Plein de —s_; rocky. _Cœur de —_; heart of flint. _— escarpé_; steep rock. =rocheraie= (ro-shré), _n.f._, (orni.) stock-dove. =rochet=, _n.m._, rocket (surplice); (horl.) rack, ratch; (of machinery) clink; (locksmith’s work) ratchet. =rocheu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (geol.) rocky, stony. =rock= _or_ =rouc=, _n.m._, roc (fabulous bird). =rococo=, _n.m._, and _adj._, antiquated style, rococo style, bad taste (in arts); antiquated, trumpery, old, old-fashioned. =rocou=, =rocouer=, =rocouyer=. _V._ =roucou=, =roucouer=, =roucouyer=. =rôder=, _v.n._, to roam, to rove, to ramble; to prowl. =rôdeur=, _n.m._, roamer, rover, rambler; vagrant; prowler. =rodomont=, _n.m._, rodomont, blusterer, ranter, braggadocio, bully. =rodomontade=, _n.f._, rodomontade, boasting, bluster, bravado, swaggering. =rogations=, _n.f.pl._, (c.rel.) rogation. _Jours des —_; rogation-days. _Semaine des —_; rogation week. =rogatoire=, _adj._, (jur.) of inquiry. _Commission —_; judicial commission (to examine witnesses). =rogatons=, _n.m.pl._, scraps, odds and ends, broken meat; waste paper. =roger-bontemps=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) (fam.) a jolly fellow, merry andrew. *=rogne=, _n.f._, itch; mange; (vet.) scab. *=rognement=, _n.m._, cutting, paring, clipping. *=rogne-pieds=, _n.m.pl._, (vet.) farrier’s knife. *=rogner=, _v.a._, to clip, to cut (at the extremities); to pare, to crop, to prune, to lop; to cut off, to cut short, to pare off. _— la vigne_; to prune the vine. _— un livre_; to cut a book. _— la monnaie_; to clip coin. _— les ongles à quelqu’un_; to clip any one’s wings. *=rogneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, clipper (of coin). *=rogneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, itchy, mangy, scabbed, scurvy. *=rognoir=, _n.m._, (book-bind.) plow; cutting-press. *=rognon=, _n.m._, kidney; (pop.) loins; hip; testicle (of some animals). _Blessure aux —s d’un cheval_; navel-gall. _Mine en —s_; (metal.) kidney-shaped ore. *=rognonner=, _v.n._, to growl, to grumble. *=rognure=, _n.f._, paring, clipping, cutting. _pl._, refuse, leavings. =rogomme=, _n.m._, dram, spirits, grog. _Voix de —_; croaking voice, hoarse voice, drunkard’s voice. =rogue= (rog), _adj._, (fam.) proud, haughty, disdainful. =roi=, _n.m._, king. _De par le —_; in the king’s name. _Vive le —_; long live the king. _Le jour des —s_; Twelfth-day. _Gâteau des —s_; Twelfth-cake. _Fêter_, or _tirer_, _les —s_; to celebrate Twelfth-night. _Vivre en —_; to live like a king, like a prince. _C’est la cour du — Pétaud_; it is Bedlam broke loose. _— d’armes_; king at arms. =roide=, _adj._ _V._ =raide=. =roitelet= (roa-tlè), _n.m._, petty king, kinglet; (orni.) wren. _— huppé_; golden-crested wren. _— triple bandeau_; fire-crested wren. =rôlage=, _n.m._, rolling (of tobaccos). =rôle=, _n.m._, roll, scroll; list, rota, roster, catalogue; (thea.) part, character, impersonation; (jur.) cause-list. _À tour de —_; in turn, by turn, by rotation. _Jouer bien son —_; to play one’s part well. _— de combat_; (nav.) quarter-bill. _— de quart_; watch-bill. _— d’équipage_; (nav.) muster-roll. _Sortir de son —_; to be out of character, to exceed one’s attributes. _Saisir son —_; to catch the spirit of one’s part. _Manquer son —_; (fig.) to mistake one’s vocation. _Outrer son —_; to overdo one’s part. =rôler=, _v.n._, (b.s.) to spin out legal documents (to increase the costs). =rôlet=, _n.m._, (l.u.) character, little part. _Jouer bien son —_; to play one’s part well. _Être au bout de son —_; to be at one’s wits’ end, at the end of one’s tether. =rollier=, _n.m._, (orni.) roller. =romain=, =-e=, _adj._, Roman; Romish; (print.) Roman. _À la —e_; Roman-like. _L’Eglise catholique —e_; the church of Rome. _Calendrier —_; Romish calendar. _Laitue —e_; cos lettuce. =romain=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, Roman. =romain=, _n.m._, (print.) Roman, primer. _Gros —_; great primer. _Petit —_; long primer. =romaine=, _n.f._, steelyard; (bot.) cos lettuce. =romaïque=, _n.m._ and _adj._, Romaic, modern Greek language; Greek, Grecian. =romaïque=, _n.f._, the Greek national dance. =roman=, _n.m._, novel, romance, fiction, romancing tale; Romance (language). _Cela tient du —_; it is like a romance. _C’est une aventure de —_; it is a romantic adventure. _De —_; of novels, romantic, imaginary. =roman=, =-e=, _or_ =romance=, _adj._, Romanic, Romance. =romance=, _n.f._, (mus.) ballad, song. =romancer= _or_ =romanciser=, _v.n._, to romance. =romancero=, _n.m._, (_—s_) romancero, collection of short Spanish epic poems. =romancier=, _n.m._, romance-writer; novelist, novel-writer. =romane=, _adj._, (arch.) romanesque. =romanesque=, _adj._, fanciful, romantic; romanesque. =romanesquement=, _adv._, romantically, in a romantic manner. =romaniser=, _v.a._ and _n._, to romanize. =romanticisme=, _n.m._, romanticism. =romantique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, romanticist, romanticism; romantic, romantical. =romantiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, romantically. =romantisme=, _n.m._, romanticism. =romarin=, _n.m._, (bot.) rosemary. =rompement= (ronp-mān), _n.m._, only used in: _— de tête_; mental fatigue, head-splitting. =rompre=, _v.a._, to break, to break asunder, to snap; to break off, to dissolve; to train, to break in, to train up, to use; to divert, to turn off; (phys.) to refract; (med.) to rupture; (paint.) to blend. _— un criminel_; to break a criminal upon the wheel. _— la tête à quelqu’un_; to break any one’s head. _— les chemins_; to spoil the roads, to break up the roads. _— la glace_; to break the ice. _— le cou à quelqu’un_; to break any one’s neck, to ruin any one. _— les couleurs_; to blend the colors. _— la mesure_ or _la semelle_; (fenc.) to retire in parrying, to draw back. _— le grain germé_; to turn the barley. _— les bordages_; (nav.) to rip off planks. _— le sommeil de quelqu’un_; to interrupt the sleep of any one. _— un coup_; to deaden a blow. _— le silence_; to break silence. _— les chiens_; (hunt.) to call off the dogs. _— l’eau à un cheval_; to interrupt a horse in drinking. _— un traité_; to break off a treaty. _— son ménage_; to give up housekeeping. _— le carré_; (milit.) to break the square. _— une armée_; to disband an army. _— la paille_; to break off (an agreement, a bargain, etc.); to break off, to fall out with, to become the enemy of any one. _— son serment_; to break one’s oath. _— son jeûne_; to break one’s fast. _— sa prison_; to break out of prison. _— son ban_; to break one’s ban. _— la tête à quelqu’un_; to turn any one’s brain; to worry any one. _— un homme aux affaires_; to train a man up to business. _— un cheval_; to break in a horse. _À tout —_; furiously, frantically. _Cet acteur a été applaudi à tout —_; that actor received frantic applause. _se_ =rompre=, _v.r._, to break, to break off, to snap, to break up, to break asunder; to discontinue; (phys.) to be refracted; (med.) to rupture. _Se — la tête_; to puzzle, _or_ rack, one’s brains. =rompre=, _v.n._, to break, to break asunder, to break off, to snap, to break up; to discontinue, to have done. _— court_; to break off short. _— en visière avec quelqu’un_; to tell any one the truth to his face; to quarrel openly with any one, to break off with any one. =rompu=, =-e=, _part._, broken, snapped; broken in; (nav.) hogged (of a ship). _Être — aux affaires_; to be used, _or_ accustomed, to business. _Tout — de fatigue_; quite worn out with fatigue. _Travailler à bâtons —s_; to work by fits and starts. _Nombre —_; (l.u.) fraction. =ronce=, _n.f._, (bot.) bramble, brier; blackberry-bush; blackberry-tree; (fig.) thorn, obstacle. =ronceraie=, _n.f._, brake, briery. =rond=, =-e=, _adj._, round; rotund; frank, easy, plain-dealing; even (of money, accounts). _Un peu —_; roundish. _Du fil —_; coarse thread. _Pain —_; coarse bread. _Voix —e_; full voice. _Compte —_; even account. _C’est un homme tout —_; he is a plain-dealing man, _or_ honesty itself. _Être — en affaires_; to be straightforward in business matters. _Figure de —e bosse_; (sculpt.) figure in alto-relievo. _Période —e_; full and rounded period. =rond=, _n.m._, round, orb, ring, circle, disk. _Danser en —_; to dance in a ring. _— d’eau_; circular basin of water. _— de serviette_; napkin ring. =rondache=, _n.f._, round buckler, round shield. =ronde=, _n.f._, round; patrol; table song, roundelay; (mus.) semibreve; round hand (writing). _Faire la —_; to go the rounds. _À la —_; round about. _Boire à la —_; to drink all round. _Passer à la —_; to hand round, to pass round. _Chemin des —s_; round-way. =rondeau=, _n.m._, rondeau, roundelay (French poet.); (mus.) rondo. =rondelet=, =-te= (rōn-dlè, -t), _adj._, roundish, plump, plumpish. =rondelette=, _n.f._, ground-ivy. =rondelettes=, _n.f.pl._, sail-cloth made in Brittany. =rondelle=, _n.f._, round shield; rundle, ring; washer (of a wheel); sculptor’s rounded chisel. =rondement= (rōn-dmān), _adv._, roundly; quickly; briskly, vigorously; plainly, frankly; with a high hand. _Mener une affaire —_; not to dilly-dally. _Y aller —_; to act frankly and quickly. _Il va — en besogne_; he goes briskly to work. =rondeur=, _n.f._, roundness, smoothness, undulating expanse, rotundity; fullness, flow; openness, plain dealing; curve, compass (of a piece of timber used in shipbuilding). =rondin=, _n.m._, billet, round log; cudgel. =rondiner=, _v.a._, to cudgel. _— d’importance_; to beat soundly. =rondon=, _n.m._, (hawking) swoop, impetuosity. _En —_; impetuously. =rond-point=, _n.m._ (_—s-—s_) (arch.) apsis; circus (place where several roads, _or_ walks, meet). =ronflant=, =-e=, _adj._, snoring; sonorous, high-sounding; loud. =ronflement=, _n.m._, snoring, snore; roaring, peal, rumbling; humming; snorting (of horses). _— des vents_; roaring of the wind. _— d’une toupie_; humming of a top. =ronfler=, _v.n._, to snore; (of horses) to snort; (of cannon, thunder) to roar; (of organs) to peal; (of spinning-tops) to hum. =ronfleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, snorer. =ronge=, _n.m._, (hunt.) ruminating. _Le cerf fait le —_; the stag is ruminating. =rongeant=, =-e=, _adj._, gnawing, devouring, corroding; (med.) corrosive. *=ronge-maille=, _n.m._, (_—_) nibble (rat). _Maître —_; squire nibble. =ronge-ver=, _n.m._, gnawing worm. =ronger=, _v.a._, to gnaw, to nibble, to pick; to waste, to consume, to eat up, to corrode; to fret, to torment, to prey upon (the mind). _— un os_; to pick, _or_ gnaw, a bone. _— son frein_; to champ the bit; to fret inwardly, to chafe. _— ses ongles_; to bite one’s nails. _La rouille ronge le fer_; rust corrodes iron. _Donner un os à — à quelqu’un_; (fig.) to bestow upon, to grant any one, a favor; to cut out work for any one, to give any one trouble. =rongeur=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, (mam.) rodent; gnawing, biting; corroding; consuming. _Ver —_; never-dying worm. =ronron=, _n.m._, purr, purring. _Faire —_; to purr. =roquefort=, _n.m._, Roquefort cheese. ☉=roquelaure=, _n.f._, roquelaure (sort of cloak). =roquentin=, _n.m._, dotard, gray-beard, old buck. =roquer=, _v.n._, to castle, to rook (at chess). =roquet=, _n.m._, pug-dog; (fam.) dog, puppy, cur (person). =roquette=, _n.f._, (bot.) rocket. _— sauvage_; wild rocket. ☉*=roquille=, _n.f._, gill, quartern. =rorage=, _n.m._, dew-bleaching. =rosace=, _n.f._, (arch.) rose; rose-work; (Gothic arch.) rose-window. =rosacé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) rosaceous. =rosacées=, _n.f.pl._, (bot.) rose-tribe, rosaceæ. =rosage=, _n.m._, (bot.) oleander, rose-bay; rosing (dyeing). =rosagine=, _n.f._, (bot.) rose-bay. =rosaire=, _n.m._, rosary. =rosat=, _adj._, (pharm.) of roses. _Miel —_; honey of roses. =rosbif=, _n.m._, (_—s_) roast-beef. =rose=, _n.f._, rose; (arch.) rose-window; rose-diamond. _Couleur de —_; rose-colored. _De —_; rosy. _— d’Inde_; African marigold. _Laurier-—_, (_—s-—s_) rose-laurel. _— gueldre_; Guelder-rose. _— des quatre saisons_; monthly rose. _— de diamants_; cluster of diamonds in the form of a rose. _Diamant en —_; rose-cut diamond. _— des vents_; (nav.) compass-card. _Découvrir le pot aux —s_; to find out the secret. _Il n’est point de — sans épines_; there is no rose without a thorn. =rose=, _adj._, rosy, pink; rose-colored. =rose=, _n.m._, rose-color. =rosé=, =-e=, _adj._, roseate, rosy. =roseau=, _n.m._, reed, reed-cane; reed-grass. _— de marais_; common marsh-reed. _— cultivé_; evergreen reed. _— odorant_; sweet-flag. _— des Indes_; bamboo. _Lieu planté de —x_; reed-bank. _Plein_, or _couvert_, _de —x_; reedy. _C’est un — peint en fer_; his looks belie his firmness. =rose-croix=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) Rosicrucian. =rosée=, _n.f._, dew; (vet.) oozing blood. _— du soleil_; (bot.) sun-dew. _— du matin_; morning-dew. _Goutte de —_; dew-drop. =roselet= (rô-zlè), _n.m._, (mam.) stoat. =roselière=, _n.f._, reed-bank, reed-field. =roselle=, _n.f._, (orni.) redwing. =roséole=, _n.f._, (med.) roseola, scarlet rash. =roser=, _v.a._, to rose. _Se —_; to become rosy; to assume a roseate hue. =roseraie= (rôz-rè), _n.f._, rosery, rose garden. =rosette=, _n.f._, rosette; small rose; rose-diamond, rose; red ink; red chalk; (ich.) gray gurnard; (metal.) cake; (orni.) redwing, swine-pipe; (hat-making) tip; (paint.) rosette, roset. _Diamant à —_; rose-diamond. =rosier=, _n.m._, rose-tree, rose-bush. =rosière=, _n.f._, rose-queen; (ich.) minnow, pink. =roson=, _n.m._ _V._ =rosace=. =rosse=, _n.f._, jade, screw; (ich.) roach. =rosser=, _v.a._, to belabor, to lick, to thrash, to maul, to drub, to give a drubbing to. *=rossignol=, _n.m._, (orni.) nightingale; pipe, flute (made of bark); stop (of organ); picklock; skeleton key; (carp.) wedge; shopkeeper (old article). _— d’Arcadie_; jackass. _— de muraille_; (orni.) red-start. *=rossignoler=, _v.n._, (fam.) to imitate the nightingale’s song. =rossinante=, _n.f._, Rosinante (sorry horse). =rossinante=, _n.m._, Rosinante (Don Quixote’s horse). =rossolis=, _n.m._, rossolis (liquor); (bot.) sun-dew. =roster=, _v.a._ _V._ =rouster=. =rostral=, =-e=, _adj._, rostral. =rostre=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) rostrum. =rostré=, =-e=, _adj._, rostrate, rostrated. =rosture=, _n.f._ _V._ =rousture=. =rot=, _n.m._, (l.ex.) belch, eructation. _Faire un —_; to belch. =rôt=, _n.m._, roast, roast meat; first course. _Gros —_; joint of meat. _Petit —_; roast of game. =rotacé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) rotate, rotated. =rotang=, _n.m._ _V._ =rotin=. =rotateur=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, (anat.) rotator; rotatory. =rotateurs=, _n.m.pl._, (zoöl.) rotatories. =rotation=, _n.f._, rotation. =rotatoire=, _adj._, rotatory. =rotatoires=, _n.m.pl._ (ent.) rotifers, rotatories, wheel-animals, wheel-insects, wheel-animalcules. =rote=, _n.f._, rota (court of Rome). =roter=, _v.n._, (l.ex.) to belch. =rôti=, _n.m._, roast, roast meat (prov.). _Il ne faut pas s’endormir sur le —_; we must have our wits about us, _or_ not neglect our work. =rôtie= (-tî), _n.f._, toast. _Une —_; a round of toast. _— au beurre_; buttered toast. _— au vin_; toast in wine. =rotifère=, _n.m._, (ent.) rotifer, wheel-animal. =rotiforme=, _adj._, (zoöl.) wheel-shaped. =rotin=, _n.m._, (bot.) rotang; rattan, rattan-cane. =rôtir=, _v.a._, to roast; to broil; to toast (bread); to burn, to parch. _— au four_; to bake. _N’être bon ni à — ni à bouillir_; to be fit for nothing. _se_ =rôtir=, _v.r._, to parch, to burn, to roast one’s self. =rôtir=, _v.n._, to roast, to broil, to toast. =rôtissage=, _n.m._, roasting. =rôtisserie= (-ti-srî), _n.f._, cook-shop. =rôtisseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, cook-shop keeper. _— en blanc_; poulterer. =rôtissoire=, _n.f._, roasting screen, roaster, Dutch oven. =rotonde=, _n.f._, rotunda, back part of a diligence. _En —_; circular. =rotondité=, _n.f._, rotundity, roundness; plumpness, fatness. =rotule=, _n.f._, (anat.) patella, knee-cap. =roture=, _n.f._, commonalty, plebeian state. _Il est né dans la —_; he is of ignoble birth. =roturi-er=, =-ère=, _n._ and _adj._, commoner; plebeian, of mean birth; vulgar, mean. ☉_Air —_; vulgar air. =roturièrement= (-rièr-mān), _adv._, in a plebeian manner; vulgarly. =rouage=, _n.m._, wheelwork, wheels; machinery; (horl.) movement. =rouan=, =-ne=, _adj._, (of horses) roan. =rouan=, _n.m._, roan horse. =rouanne=, _n.f._, brand-iron, marking-iron. =rouanner=, _v.a._, to brand, to mark. =rouannette=, _n.f._, (carp.). _V._ =rainette=. =rouble=, _n.m._, rouble, ruble (Russian coin). =rouc=, _n.m._ _V._ =rock=. =rouche=, _n.f._, (nav.) a ship’s hull. =roucou=, _n.m._, (bot.) and (dy.) arnotto. =roucouer=, _v.a._, to paint with arnotto. _se_ =roucouer=, _v.r._, to paint one’s self with arnotto. =roucoulement= (-kool-mān), _n.m._, cooing. =roucouler=, _v.n._ and _a._, to coo (pigeons); to warble (out) _or_ (forth). =roucouyer=, _n.m._, (bot.) arnotto-tree. =roudou=, _n.m._ _V._ =redoul=. =roue=, _n.f._, wheel; paddle; (torture) wheel; (artil.) truck. _— d’affût de canon_; truck of a gun-carriage. _— d’une horloge_; clock-wheel. _— à aubes_ or _à pales_; paddle-wheel. _— hydraulique_; water-wheel. _Pousser à la —_; to put one’s shoulder to the wheel, to help on. _Mettre des bâtons dans les —s_; to thwart, to put spokes into the wheels (of). _Un paon fait la —_; a peacock spreads his tail. _Faire la —_; to strut, to stalk, to show off, to wheel about; to tumble over and over, to do the windmill. _— de compte_; (horl.) notch-wheel. _— dentée_; toothed-wheel, _— de rencontre_; (horl.) balance-wheel. _— de câble_; (nav.) coil. _— de gouvernail_; steering-wheel. _Mettre à la —_; to rack, to put to the rack. =roué=, _n.m._, roué; rake, profligate; trickster. =roué=, =-e=, _adj._, crafty, sharp, artful; very deep; knocked up, broken down. _— de coups_; soundly thrashed. =rouelle=, _n.f._, round slice, collop; (vet.) rowel. _— de citron_; slice of lemon. _— de veau_; fillet of veal. =rouennerie= (rooa-n-rî), _n.f._, printed cotton goods; Rouen goods. =rouer=, _v.a._, to break upon the wheel; to crush; to jade. _— quelqu’un de coups_; to beat any one unmercifully. _Être roué de fatigue_; to be jaded with fatigue. _— un câble_; to coil a cable. =rouerie= (roo-rî), _n.f._, piece of knavery, sharp practice, cheat; trickery. =rouet=, _n.m._, small wheel; spinning-wheel; purr (of a cat); (nav.) sheave. _— de moulin_; cog-wheel of a mill. _— de tisserand_; weaver’s cloth-beam. _— d’arquebuse_; lock of an arquebuse. _Faire le —_; to purr. =rouette=, _n.f._, (tech.) osier-twig. =roue-vis=, _n.f._, (_—s-—_) screw-wheel. =rouge=, _adj._, red; blood-red; blood-shot; red-hot. _Fer —_; red-hot iron; (of partridges) red-legged. _Boulets —s_; red-hot balls. _Cuivre —_; copper. _— trogne_; (fam.) red face. =rouge=, _n.m._, red; red paint, rouge; redness, blush; (orni.) shoveler. _— vif_; deep red, bright red. _— brun_; brownish red. _— d’écarlate_; scarlet. _— sanguin_; blood red. _— de garance_; madder. =rouge=, _adv._, only used in: _Se fâcher tout —_; to get downright angry. =rougeâtre= (-jâtr), _adj._, reddish. =rougeaud=, =-e= (-jô, -d), _n._ and _adj._, red-faced person; ruddy-faced, red-faced, ruddy. =rouge-bord=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) bumper (of red wine). =rouge-gorge=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (orni.) redbreast, robin redbreast. =rougeole= (-jol), _n.f._, (med.) measles, (bot.) cow-wheat. =rouge-queue=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) red-start, red-tail. =rouget=, _n.m._, (ich.) gurnet, red gurnet; red surmullet; (ent.) wheal-worm. _adj._, reddish. =rougette=, _n.f._, (mam.) pteropus. =rougeur=, _n.f._, redness, blush, glow, color. _pl._, (med.) rosy-drop, red-spot. _La — lui est montée au visage_; the color came into her cheeks. =rougir=, _v.n._, to redden, to grow red; to color, to color up, to blush, to be ashamed. _— de honte_; to blush with shame. _— de colère_; to grow red with anger. _— jusqu’au blanc des yeux_; to blush up to the eyes, to color up to the eyes. _Faire — quelqu’un_; to put any one to the blush. =rougir=, _v.a._, to redden; to tinge with red or blood; to mix red wine with water. =roui=, _n.m._, steeping, soaking, maceration; retting; fustiness, rancidness. _Sentir le —_; to have a rancid taste. *=rouille=, _n.f._, rust, rustiness (of metals); flaw (of mirrors); (bot.) mildew, blight, blast. _La — mange le fer_; rust corrodes iron. _Ces froments sont chargés de —_; this wheat is mildewed. *=rouillé=, =-e=, _adj._, rusty; blighted (of corn). *=rouiller=, _v.a._, to rust, to make rusty; to blight; to impair. _se_ =rouiller=, _v.r._, to rust, to grow rusty; to get rusty, to become rusty; to rust, to be impaired. *=rouilleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, ferruginated. *=rouillure=, _n.f._, rustiness, rust. =rouir=, _v.a._, to steep, to soak, to macerate (hemp, flax), to ret. =rouir=, _v.n._, to be retted. =rouissage=, _n.m._, soaking, steeping, retting. =rouissoir=, _n.m._, rettery. =roulade=, _n.f._, roll, rolling; (mus.) roulade, trill, shake; (cook.) collar. _Faire une — de_; (cook.) to collar. =roulage=, _n.m._, rolling; carriage (of goods); wagon-office; wagoning. _— accéléré_; fly-wagon. _Voiture de —_; goods wagon. =roulant=, =-e=, _adj._, rolling; easy (of roads); (surg.) moving (of veins). _Chemin —_; easy way. _Feu —_; (milit.) running fire. _Presse —e_; (print.) press at work. =rouleau=, _n.m._, roll; roller; rolling-pin; roll, twist (of tobacco); coil (of a rope); (med.) roller; (print.) roller; (tech.) sheave. _— de papier_; roll of paper. _Plier en —_; to roll up. _Être au bout de son —_; to be at one’s wits’ end, _or_ at the end of one’s tether. _— d’imprimeur_; printer’s roller. =roulée=, _n.f._, (pop.) thrashing, drubbing. =roulement= (rool-mān), _n.m._, rolling, roll, rumbling; (mus.) roll; roll (of a drum); rotation; volutation. _— d’yeux_; rolling of the eyes. _— de fonds_; (com.) circulation of capital. _Fonds de —_; floating capital. =rouler=, _v.a._, to roll, to roll up; to wind, to wind up; to revolve, to turn over; to pass, to pass away; (of meat) to collar; (fig.) to do for a person. _— une chose dans sa tête_; to turn a thing over in one’s mind. _— sa vie_; to pass one’s life. _— carrosse_; to keep a carriage. _Je l’ai roulé_; I did for him _or_ I bowled him over. _se_ =rouler=, _v.r._, to roll one’s self, to roll, to tumble; to wallow; to wind; to fight, to have a set to. =rouler=, _v.n._, to roll, to revolve; to tumble; to toss; to ramble, to wander, to stroll; to keep going; to succeed by rotation; to be plentiful; to turn upon (of a thing). _Faire — la presse_; (print.) to set the press going. _— sur l’or et sur l’argent_; to roll in riches. _Tout roule là-dessus_; all turns upon that. _Ils roulent ensemble_; they take their turns. _Faire —_; to keep going. _Pierre qui roule n’amasse pas de mousse_; a rolling stone gathers no moss. _La conversation roula sur ce sujet_; the conversation turned upon this subject. =roulet=, _n.m._, hatter’s roller. =roulette=, _n.f._, roller, truckle, little wheel; truckle-bed; ☉hand-chaise, Bath-chair; caster; roulette (game); (geom.) cycloid. _Cela marche comme sur des —s_; that is getting on swimmingly. _Lit à —s_; bedstead on casters. _— de relieur_; book-binder’s fillet. =rouleur=, _n.m._, (ent.) vine-fretter, vine-grub, (nav.) rolling vessel. =rouleuse=, _n.f._, caterpillar. =roulier=, _n.m._, wagoner, carter, carrier. =roulière=, _n.f._, wagoner’s smock. =roulis=, _n.m._, (nav.) rolling, laboring; roll (of the waves). =rouloir=, _n.m._, rolling-board (for candles); roller, cylinder. =roulotte=, _n.f._, wagon. =roupie=, _n.f._, rupee; (l.ex.) snivel. _Avoir la —_; to snivel. =roupieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (l.u.) snively, sniveling. *=roupiller=, _v.n._, (pop.) to doze, to snooze. *=roupilleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (pop.) dozer, snoozer. =roure=, _n.m._, (bot.) English oak. =roussâtre=, _adj._, reddish, russet. =rousseau=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, (fam.) red-haired fellow; red-haired. =rousselet= (roo-slè), _n.m._, (bot.) russet pear. =rousserolle= (roo-srol), _n.f._, (orni.) great sedge-warbler. =roussette=, _n.f._, (orni.) bog-rush, hedge-sparrow; (ich.) dog-fish, bounce; (mam.) pteropus. =rousseur=, _n.f._, redness; freckle. _Avoir des —s_, _avoir des taches de —_; to be freckled. =roussi=, _n.m._, burnt smell; burning, smell of burning; ☉Russia leather. =roussin=, _n.m._, thick-set stallion. _— d’Arcadie_; ass, jackass, moke. =roussir=, _v.a._ and _n._, to redden; to singe, to scorch; to dye of a rusty color, or of a fawn-color; to grow red, to turn red; to singe, to scorch. _Faire —_; to brown (meat, etc.). =roussissage=, _n.m._, dyeing red. =rouster= _or_ =rusturer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to woold, to wind (ropes). =rousture= _or_ =rosture=, _n.f._, (nav.) woolding. =rout= (raoot), _n.m._, (_—_) rout (assembly). _V._ =raout=. *=routailler=, _v.a._, (hunt.) to track. =route=, _n.f._, road, way; journey, route, direction, path, course; (nav.) track, course, way, run; riding (in a forest); track, path (of planets, comets). _Grand’—_, (_—-—s_) highway. _— ordinaire_; common road. _— de traverse_; cross road. _Il est resté en —_; he remained behind. _Il est en —_; he is on his way. _Prendre la — de_; to take the way to, to go in the direction of, to make for. _Faire —_; to travel. _Faire —_; (nav.) to sail. _À la —!_ (nav.) steer the course! _Porter à —_; to go, _or_ take, a straight course. _Faire fausse —_; to take the wrong road; (nav.) to alter the course; (fig.) to take a wrong step; to make a mistake. _— estimée_; (nav.) dead reckoning. _Feuille de —_; (milit.) route; way-bill (of public conveyances). _On lui a tracé sa —_; his course is marked out for him. _La — de la vertu_; the path of virtue. =routier= (-tié), _n.m._, (geog.) tract chart, road book; (nav.) sailing orders, guide, pilot. _Vieux —_; old stager. =routi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, of roads. _Carte —ère_; road-map. _Locomotive —_; traction engine, road engine. =routine=, _n.f._, routine, habit; rote (frequent repetition of sounds). _Par —_; by routine, by habit, by rote. =routiner=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to teach by routine. =routini-er=, =-ère=, _n._ and _adj._, person acting by routine, red-tapist; of routine, routine-like. =routoir=, _n.m._, retting-pond; retting-pit. =rouverin= (roo-vrin), _adj.m._, (metal.) blistered, brittle, hot, short. =rouvieux= _or_ =roux-vieux=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._ (_n.p._), (vet.) mange; mangy. =rouvre=, _n.m._, (bot.) English oak. _V._ =roure=. =rouvrir=, _v.a._, to open again. _— une plaie_; to reopen a wound. _Se —_; to open again. =rou-x=, =-sse=, _adj._, reddish, red-haired, russet; sandy, carroty. _Vents —_; cold dry winds. _Lune —sse_; April moon. =roux=, _n.m._, reddish color; russet; (mam.) field-mouse; (cook.) brown butter sauce. _— ardent_; fiery red. =roux-vieux=, _n.m._ _V._ =rouvieux=. =royal=, =-e= (roa-yal), _adj._, royal, regal, kingly, kinglike. =royale= (roa-yal), _n.f._, tuft of beard just below the underlip, chin-tuft. =royalement= (roa-yal-mān), _adv._, royally, regally, in a kingly manner. =royalisme= (roa-ya-), _n.m._, royalism. =royaliste= (roa-ya-), _n.m.f._ and _adj._, royalist. =royaume= (roa-yôm), _n.m._, kingdom, realm. =royauté= (roa-yô-), _n.f._, royalty. _Abdiquer la —_; to abdicate the throne. _Les marques de la —_; the regalia. =r.p.=, initial letters of _Révérend Père_; reverend father. =rr.=, abbreviation of _Royales_, royal. =ru=, _n.m._, channel _or_ bed (of a small stream). =ruade=, _n.f._, kick (of horses, etc.). _pl._, kicking. _Détacher_, or _lancer_, _une —_; to give a kick. =rubabelle= _or_ =rubace=, _n.f._, rubicel, rubicelle. =ruban=, _n.m._, ribbon; (arch.) beading. _Garniture de —s_; set of ribbons. _— de fil_; tape. _—-d’eau_, (_—s-—_) (bot.) bur-reed, reed-grass. _Canon à —_; twisted gun-barrel. _—s de la glotte_, _—s vocaux_; (anat.) vocal cords. _— de soie_; silk ribbon. _— de velours_; velvet ribbon. =rubané=, =-e=, _part._, (zoöl.) striped; flattened, ribbon-like. _Canon —_; twisted gun-barrel. =rubaner=, _v.a._, to trim with ribbons; to arrange flax and hemp fibers; to divide wax into bandelets; to twist a band of iron to turn it into gun-barrels. =rubanerie= (-ba-n-rî), _n.f._, ribbon-weaving; ribbon-trade. =rubani-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, ribbon. _Industrie —ère_; ribbon-manufacture, ribbon trade. =rubanier=, _n.m._, ribbon-weaver; (bot.) burweed. =rubanière=, _n.f._, ribbon-weaver. =rubarbe=, _n.f._ _V._ =rhubarbe=. =rubasse=, _n.f._, (min.) colored quartz. =rubéfaction=, _n.f._, (med.) rubefaction. =rubéfiant=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) rubefacient. =rubéfiant=, _n.m._, (med.) rubefacient. =rubéfier=, _v.a._, or _se —_, _v.r._, (med.) to rubify. ☉=rubeline=, _n.f._ _V._ =rouge-gorge=. =rubéole=, _n.f._, (bot.) cross-wort. =rubescent=, =-e=, _adj._, rubescent. =rubiacé=, =-e=, _adj._, red-colored. =rubiacées=, _n.f.pl._, plants of the madder family. =rubican=, _n.m._ and _adj._, rubican color; rubican. =rubicon=, _n.m._, Rubicon. _Passer le —_; to take a desperate step. =rubicond=, =-e=, _adj._, rubicund; bloated; blowzy. =rubification=, _n.f._, rubification. =rubigineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, rubiginous. ☉=rubine=, _n.f._, (chem.) ruby. _— d’argent_; red-silver, ruby-silver. _— d’arsenic_; realgar. =rubis=, _n.m._, ruby; red pimple, grog-blossom. _Faire — sur l’ongle_; to drink to the last drop. _Payer — sur l’ongle_; to pay to the last farthing. _Monté sur —_; jeweled. =rubricaire=, _n.m._, rubrician, rubricist. =rubricateur=, _n.m._, artist who illuminated manuscripts in the Middle Ages. =rubrique=, _n.f._, method, rule, practice; head; title; trick; ruddle, red chalk. _pl._, (canon law) rubric. _Sous la — de_; under the head of. =ruche=, _n.f._, hive; swarm; (needlework) quilling, frilling, ruche. _— d’abeilles_; bee-hive. _Châtrer une —_; to cut away the wax and honey from a hive. =ruché=, =-e=, _adj._, quilted. _n.m._, frilling. =ruchée=, _n.f._, hive-full. =rucher=, _n.m._, stand for bees; apiary. =rucher=, _v.a._, (needlework) to quilt, to frill. =rudâni-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, (l.u.) surly, churlish, uncouth. =rude=, _adj._, harsh, rough, rugged, steep, uneven; sharp, rude, hard; disagreeable; grating, violent, fierce; severe, bitter; rigid, strict; formidable; uncouth, unpolished; impetuous, boisterous; troublesome, difficult. _Avoir la peau —_; to have a rough skin. _Une — épreuve_; a severe trial. _Chemin —_; rugged road. _Avoir la voix —_; to have a harsh voice. _Des manières —s_; rough, coarse, uncouth manners. _Un — assaut_; a fierce assault. _Les temps sont —s_; times are hard. _Des paroles —s_; harsh words. =rudement= (ru-dmān), _adv._, roughly, ruggedly, harshly, sharply, severely, strictly; tumultuously, violently, impetuously, rudely. _Traiter —_; to treat roughly. _Aller — en besogne_; to work with a vengeance. =rudenté=, =-e=, _adj._, (arch.) cabled (of columns). =rudenture=, _n.f._, (arch.) cabling, rudenture. =rudesse=, _n.f._, harshness; roughness; ruggedness; severity; tumultuousness; fierceness, violence; austerity, strictness; troublesomeness; rude thing, coarse thing; rudeness. =rudiment=, _n.m._, rudiment. =rudimentaire=, _adj._, rudimental, elementary, rudimentary. =rudoyer=, _v.a._, to use roughly, harshly; to speak harshly to; to bully; to ill-treat (a horse). =rue=, _n.f._, street; (bot.) rue. _— passante_; much frequented street. _Courir les —s_; to run about the streets; (fig.) to be in everybody’s mouth (of news); to be common (of a thing). _— de traverse_; cross-street. _— écartée_; back street. _Il est fou à courir les —s_; he is stark, staring mad. _Les —s en sont pavées_; (prov.) it is as common as dust. _Être vieux comme les —s_; to be as old as the hills. _— de chèvre_; goat’s-rue. =ruelle=, _n.f._, lane, alley, by-street; bed-side, wall-side; (fig.) lady’s alcove; private circle; literary coterie. _Les belles —s de Paris_; the best drawing-rooms in the town. =rueller=, _v.a._, to mold (vines). =ruer=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to fling, to hurl, to cast; to throw. _— de grands coups_; to deal heavy blows. _se_ =ruer=, _v.r._, to throw one’s self; to rush upon. =ruer=, _v.n._, to kick (of horses, etc.). =rueu-r=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, (man.) kicker; given to kicking. =rugine=, _n.f._, (surg.) rugine, scalp; (dentist’s) tooth-scaler. =ruginer=, _v.a._, (surg.) to scalp. =rugir=, _v.n._, to roar, to yell. =rugissant=, =-e=, _adj._, roaring. =rugissement= (-jis-mān), _n.m._, roaring, roar. =rugosité=, _n.f._, rugosity, roughness, unevenness; wrinkle. =rugueu-x=, =-se= (-gheû, -z), _adj._, rugose, rough, uneven; wrinkled. =ruilée=, _n.f._, (arch.) verge. =ruine=, _n.f._, ruin, decay; overthrow, destruction, downfall; desolation. _Tomber en —s_; to fall to, to crumble to, ruins. _Tomber en —_; to run to ruin. _Courir à sa —_; to go to one’s ruin; to go to wrack and ruin. _Cet édifice menace —_; this building is falling to ruins. _Sortir de ses —s_; to rise from its ruins (of towns, etc.). _Battre en —_; (milit.) to batter down. =ruiné=, =-e=, _adj._, ruined. _Son crédit est —_; his crédit is gone. _Un tempérament —_; a worn-out constitution. =ruiner=, _v.a._, to ruin, to lay waste; to spoil; to undo, to overthrow, to destroy. _— un cheval_; to spoil a horse. _se_ =ruiner=, _v.r._, to decay; to fall into decay; to ruin one’s self; to be ruined, spoilt. =ruineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, falling to ruin; ruinous. =ruinure=, _n.f._, (carp.) bearing. =ruisseau=, _n.m._, brook, stream, rivulet; gutter, street kennel. _Petit —_; rivulet, brook, streamlet, rill. =ruisselant=, =-e= (rui-slān, -t), _adj._, streaming, running down, dripping. =ruisseler= (rui-slé), _v.n._, to gush, to stream; to trickle, to trickle down, to run down. ☉=ruisselet= (rui-slè), _n.m._, rivulet, brooklet. =rum=, _n.m._ _V._ =rhum=. =rumb= (romb), _n.m._, (nav.) rhumb, rhomb. =rumen= (-mè-n), _n.m._, rumen, paunch. =rumeur=, _n.f._, rumor, report; clamor, uproar, noise. =ruminant=, =-e=, _adj._, ruminant, ruminating. =ruminant=, _n.m._, (mam.) ruminant. =rumination=, _n.f._, rumination, chewing the cud. =ruminer=, _v.n._, to ruminate, to chew the cud; (fig.) to muse on, to ponder over, to think over. =ruminer=, _v.a._, to ruminate; to think over, to muse over. _Que ruminez-vous là?_ what are you thinking about _or_ turning over in your mind? =runes=, _n.f.pl._, runes, runic characters. =runique=, _adj._, runic. =rupture=, _n.f._, breaking, rupture, breaking off; (fig.) complete separation (between two persons); bursting; (med.) rupture, hernia; fracture; (paint.) mixing of colors. _La — d’un os_; the fracture of a bone. _La — d’un tendon_; the rupture of a sinew. _La — d’un mariage_; the breaking off of a match. _En — de ban_; escaped from banishment. _Ils en sont venus à une —_; all is at end between them. =rural=, =-e=, _adj._, rural. =ruse=, _n.f._, artifice, wile, deceit, craft, ruse, cunning, trick; (hunt.) double. _User de —s_; to practice deceit. _— de guerre_; stratagem of war. =rusé=, =-e=, _adj._, artful, deceitful, cunning, crafty, sly, subtle, designing. _Un — matois_; a knowing card. _Avoir l’air —_; to look cunning. =ruser=, _v.n._, to use deceit, craft, guile, artifice, cunning; (hunt.) to double. =russe=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, Russian. =rustaud=, =-e=, _adj._, (fam.) boorish, rustic, coarse, uncouth. =rustaud=, _n.m._, (fam.) rustic; clod-hopper. =rustaudement= (-tô-dmān), _adv._, (fam.). _V._ =rustiquement=. =rustauderie= (-tô-drî), _n.f._ (fam.). _V._ =rusticité=. =rusticité=, _n.f._, rusticity, clownishness, churlishness, uncouthness. =rustique=, _adj._, rural, rustic, country; artless, boorish. _Vie —_; country life. _Manières —s_; rustic manners. _Langage —_; boorish language. =rustique=, _n.m._, (arch.) rustic order. =rustiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, rustically, rudely, clownishly, boorishly, uncouthly. =rustiquer=, _v.a._, (arch.) to rough-cast, to jag out. =rustre=, _n.m._ and _adj._, boor, clown, churl, clodhopper; boorish, clownish, rude. =rusturer=, _v.a._ _V._ =rouster=. =rut= (rut), _n.m._, rut (of deer). _Être en —_; to rut. =rutabaga=, _n.m._, (agri.) Swedish turnip, rutabaga. =rutilant=, =-e=, _adj._, rutilant, shining, brilliant. =rutiler=, _v.n._, to shine, to rutilate. =rutoir=, _n.m._, (manu.) retting-pit; retting-pond. =ryott=, _n.m._, ryot (in India). =rythme=, _n.m._, rhythm. =rythmique=, _adj._, rhythmical. S =s= (èss), _n.f._, (se), _n.m._, the nineteenth letter of the alphabet, s. [S is added for the sake of euphony to the second pers. sing. of the imperative of verbs of the first conjugation before _y_, as: _vas-y_; go there; and also before _en_, as: _donnes-en_; give some.] _Faire des S_; to reel about, to stagger (like a drunken man). =s’=, contraction of _se_. =sa=, _adj.f._, his, her, one’s, its. _V._ =son=. =sabbat=, _n.m._, Sabbath, seventh day of the week among the Jews; Sabbath (sabbatic year), nocturnal meeting _or_ nightly revels (of witches); racket, uproar, tumult, scolding. _— de chats_; caterwauling. _Faire un —_; to kick up a shindy. _Faire un beau — à quelqu’un_; to scold any one well. =sabbataire=, _n.m._, Sabbatarian; Seventh-day Baptist. =sabbatique=, _adj._, sabbatical (of years). =sabbatisme=, _n.m._, sabbatism. =sabéen= (-in), _adj._, sabian. =sabéisme= _or_ =sabaïsme=, _n.m._, Sabaism. =sabin=, =-e=, _n.m.f._, Sabine man _or_ woman. =sabine=, _n.f._, (bot.) savin. =sabisme=, _n.m._, Sabaism. =sable=, _n.m._, sand; gravel, ballast; (l.u.) hour-glass; (her.) sable. =sablé=, =-e=, _adj._, laid with sand, sanded. _Allée —e_; gravel-walk _or_ path. =sabler=, _v.a._, to gravel, to sand, to cover with sand _or_ gravel; to drink off. _— un verre de vin_; to toss off a glass of wine. =sableu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, sandy. =sablier=, _n.m._, sand-glass; hour-glass; sand-man, dealer in sand; (nav.) glass; sand-box; (bot.) sand-box. =sablière=, _n.f._, sand-pit, gravel-pit; (carp.) raising-piece; (arch.) wall-plate; torsel. =sablon=, _n.m._, fine sand, scouring sand. =sablonner=, _v.a._, to sand, to scour with sand. =sablonneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, sandy, graveled; gritty. =sablonnier=, _n.m._, dealer in sand. =sablonnière=, _n.f._, sand-pit, gravel-pit. =sabord=, _n.m._, (nav.) port, port-hole, gun-port. =sabordement=, _n.m._, (nav.) scuttling. =saborder=, _v.a._, (nav.) to scuttle. =sabot=, _n.m._, sabot, wooden shoe, horse’s hoof, clog; shoe (of carriages); (conch.) turban, turban-shell; socket (of furniture); top (plaything); sorry fiddle; (of ships) old tub. _Dormir comme un —_; to sleep like a top. =saboter=, _v.n._, to whip a top; to clatter with one’s shoes. _v.a._, to arm the end of a stake with an iron socket; (pop.) to bungle, to botch. =saboteur=, _n.m._, bungler. =sabotier= (-tié), _n.m._, clog maker, wearer _or_ maker of wooden shoes, wooden shoe-maker. =sabotière=, _n.f._, wooden-shoe shop; dance of people (in wooden shoes). =sabouler=, _v.a._, (pop.) to push about, to jostle, to hustle; to scold, to rate, to bully. =sabre=, _n.m._, saber; broadsword. _— baïonnette_; rifle-sword, sword-bayonet. _— poignard_; dirk, saber-poniard. ☉=sabrenas=, _n.m._, cobbler; bungler. ☉=sabrenasser=, _v.a._ _V._ =sabrenauder=. ☉=sabrenauder=, _v.a._, to cobble, to botch, to bungle. =sabrer=, _v.a._, to strike _or_ cut with a saber, to saber; to hurry over, to botch, to bungle. _— une affaire_; to hurry over any business. =sabretache=, _n.f._, (milit.) sabretache. =sabreur=, _n.m._, (fam.) brave soldier, hard fighter, swash-buckler; (fig.) bungler, botcher. _Beau —_; dashing soldier (cavalry). ☉=sabuleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, gritty. =saburral=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) saburral. =saburre=, _n.f._, (med.) indigestion, foulness of the stomach. =sac=, _n.m._, sack, bag; knapsack; sackcloth; poke-net; (surg.) sac; bag, pouch (of certain animals); plunder, sack, sacking, pillage, ransacking. _— de nuit_; carpet-bag. _— à ouvrage_; work-bag. _Homme de — et de corde_; Newgate-bird. _— à vin_; drunkard. _— à papier!_ zounds! hang it! bless me! _Cul-de-—_, (_—s-—_) blind alley. _Mettre quelqu’un au —_; to nonplus any one. _Tirer d’un — deux moutures_; to take double fees. _Voir le fond du —_; to sift an affair to the bottom. _Prendre quelqu’un la main dans le —_; to catch any one in the very act, _or_ red-handed. _— de blé_; sack of wheat. _— de procès_; lawyer’s bag. _Donner communication de son —_; (jur.) to communicate papers. _Être dans le —_; to be in a fair way (to succeed). _Remplir son —_; (fam., pop.) to fill one’s belly. _Donner à quelqu’un son —_; to send any one about his business, to give any one the sack. _Dans les petites —s sont les fines épices_; small parcels hold fine wares. _Vider son —_; to exhaust one’s budget, to have one’s say out. _Prendre son — et ses quilles_; to pack off, bag and baggage. _Mettre une ville à —_; to plunder, to sack a town. _Juger sur l’étiquette du —_; to judge by appearances. =saccade=, _n.f._, (man.) saccade, jerk (with a bridle); check, rebuke, reproof, reprimand; scolding, rating; (fig.) sudden, brusque movement; fit, start. _Par —s_; by fits and starts. =saccadé=, =-e=, _part._, jerked, by jerks; broken, irregular. _Style —_; abrupt style. _Phrases —es_; short, pithy sentences. =saccader=, _v.a._, (man.) to jerk, to check. =saccage=, _n.m._, havoc, confusion, jumble, confused heap. =saccagement= (sa-kaj-mān), _n.m._, sack, sackage, sacking, pillaging, ransacking, plunder. =saccager=, _v.a._, to sack, to ransack, to pillage, to plunder; to throw into confusion. =saccageur=, _n.m._, plunderer; sacker, ravager. =saccatier=, _n.m._, coal-heaver. =saccellaire=, _n.m._, (Fr. Hist.) treasurer, keeper of the privy purse. =saccharate= (sak-ka-), _n.m._, (chem.) saccharate. _— de chaux_; saccharated solution of lime. =sacchareu-x=, =-se= (sak-ka-), _adj._, saccharine. =saccharifère= (sak-ka-), _adj._, sacchariferous. =saccharimètre= (sak-ka-), _n.m._, saccharimeter, saccharometer. =saccharin=, =-e= (sak-ka-), _adj._, saccharine. =saccharique= (sak-ka-), _adj._, saccharic. =saccharure= (sak-ka-), _n.m._, (pharm.) sugar of (certain chemicals). _— d’aconit_; sugar of aconite. =sacciforme= (sak-si-), _adj._, (bot.) bagged. =sacerdoce=, _n.m._, priesthood. =sacerdotal=, =-e=, _adj._, sacerdotal, priestly. =sacerdotalisme=, _n.m._, sacerdotalism. =sachée=, _n.f._, sackful, bagful. =sachem= (sa-shèm), _n.m._, sachem (Indian chief). =sachet=, _n.m._, satchel, little bag _or_ sack; scent-bag. =sacoche=, _n.m._, saddle-bag; money-bag. =sacramentaire=, _n.m._, sacramentarian. =sacramental=, =-e=, _or_ =sacramentel=, =-le=, _adj._, sacramental. _Mots sacramentaux_; decisive words. =sacramentalement= (-tal-mān) _or_ =sacramentellement=, _adv._, sacramentally. =sacre=, _n.m._, anointing, coronation of a king; (orni.) saker; (fig.) blackguard. _— d’un évêque_; consecration of a bishop. =sacré=, =-e=, _adj._, sacred, inviolable; holy, consecrated, anointed, crowned; (l.ex.) damned, cursed, confounded, blasted; (anat.) sacral. =sacrebleu=, _int._, by Jove! confound it! dash it! =sacrement=, _n.m._, sacrament; matrimony, marriage. _Saint —_; Holy Sacrament; (c.rel.) Host; (c.rel.) monstrance. _Administrer les derniers —s à quelqu’un_; to administer the last sacrament to any one. _Recevoir le —_; to receive the sacrament, to take the sacrament. _Office du saint —_; communion-service. =sacrer=, _v.a._, to anoint, to crown, a king; to consecrate a bishop. =sacrer=, _v.n._, to curse, to swear. =sacret=, _n.m._, (hawking) sakeret. =sacrificateur=, _n.m._, sacrificer. _Souverain —_; high-priest. =sacrificatoire=, _adj._, sacrificial. =sacrificature=, _n.f._, office of sacrificer. =sacrifice=, _n.m._, sacrifice, offering, peace-offering. _— d’actions de grâces_, _— de louange_; (Bibl.) thanksgiving. =sacrifier=, _v.a._, to sacrifice, to make offerings; to immolate; to devote (time to a thing). _— des victimes_; to sacrifice victims. _— tout à ses intérêts_; to sacrifice everything to one’s interest. =sacrifier=, _v.n._, to sacrifice. =sacrilège=, _n.m._, sacrilege. =sacrilège=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, sacrilegist, sacrilegious person; sacrilegious. =sacrilègement= (-lèj-mān), _adv._, sacrilegiously. =sacripant=, _n.m._, hector, bully, swaggerer; scoundrel, blackguard. =sacristain=, _n.m._, sexton; sacristan, vestry-keeper. =sacristie=, _n.f._, sacristy, vestry, vestry-room; audit-house (of cathedrals); church-plate, sacred vases, etc.; church fees. =sacristine=, _n.f._, vestry-nun. =sacro=, _adj. invariable_, (rel.) holy. _—-saint_; very, doubly holy; (anat.) sacro. =sacrum=, _n.m._, (anat.) sacrum. _Os —_; sacrum, sacral bone. =saducéen= (-cé-in), =-ne= (-cé-è-n), _n._ and _adj._, Sadducee; Sadducean. =saducéisme=, _n.m._, Sadducism. ☉=saette=, _n.f._ _V._ =sagette=. =safran=, _n.m._ (bot.) saffron; crocus. _— bâtard_; meadow-saffron, mock-saffron, bastard-saffron, safflower. _— de gouvernail_; (nav.) after-piece of a rudder. =safrané=, =-e=, _adj._, saffron, saffroned; yellow. =safraner=, _v.a._, to saffron. =safranière=, _n.f._, saffron-plantation. =safranum= (-nom), _n.m._, (chem.) safflower. ☉=safre=, _adj._, (pop.) greedy, gluttonous. =safre=, _n.m._, (chem.) zaffre, zaffer. =saga=, _n.f._, saga (legend of the northern nations of Europe). =sagace=, _adj._, sagacious, acute, shrewd. =sagacité=, _n.f._, sagacity, sagaciousness, quickness, acuteness, shrewdness. =sagamore=, _n.m._, sagamore (Indian chief). =sage=, _adj._, sage, wise, sensible, wary, rational, discreet, judicious, prudent; cool, sober, staid, well-behaved, steady, virtuous, modest; quiet, gentle. _Des lois —s_; wise laws. _Conduite —_; steady, prudent conduct. _— politique_; wise policy. _Être —_; (of children) to be good, to be well-behaved. _Femme —_; virtuous woman. =sage=, _n.m._, wise man, sage. =sage-femme=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_), midwife. =sagement= (saj-mān), _adv._, sagely, wisely, prudently, discreetly, judiciously, warily, soberly, steadily. =sagesse=, _n.f._, wisdom; moderation, discretion, prudence; steadiness, sobriety, chastity; goodness; good behavior (of children); gentleness (of animals). ☉=sagette= _or_ =saette=, _n.f._, arrow; (bot.) arrow-head; adder’s-tongue. =sagination=, _n.f._, fattening. =sagine=, _n.f._, (bot.) pearl-grass, pearl-wort. =sagittaire=, _n.m._, (astron.) Sagittarius. =sagittaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) arrow-head, adder’s tongue. =sagittale=, _adj.f._, (anat.) sagittal. =sagitté=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) sagittate, arrow-headed, arrow-shaped. =sagou=, _n.m._, sago. =sagouier= _or_ =sagoutier=, _n.m._, (bot.) sago-tree. =sagouin=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (mam.) sagoin, squirrel-monkey; slovenly fellow, slovenly woman. =s a i=, initial letters of _Son Altesse Impériale_, His _or_ Her Imperial Highness. =saie=, _n.f._, (antiq.) sagum (tunic, cloak); brush (used by goldsmiths); a light kind of serge. =saietter=, _v.a._, to brush. *=saignant=, =-e=, _adj._, bleeding, bloody; nearly raw, underdone (of meat). *=saignée=, _n.f._, (surg.) phlebotomy, bleeding, blood-letting; small of the arm; trench (for draining); (fig.) heavy payment, expense; drain. *=saignement= (-mān), _n.m._, bleeding. _— de nez_; bleeding at the nose. *=saigner=, _v.a._, to bleed, to draw out blood; (cook.) to kill, to stick; to drain; to get money out of, to bleed any one. _se_ *=saigner=, _v.r._, to bleed one’s self, to drain one’s self; to make a sacrifice. *=saigner=, _v.n._, to bleed. _Je saigne du nez_; I am bleeding at the nose. _— du nez_; (fig.) to show the white feather, to lack courage. _Le cœur m’en saigne_; it cuts me to the heart. *=saigneur=, _n.m._, (fam., l.u.) bleeder, blood-letter. *=saigneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, bloody. _Bout —_; scrag end, neck (of lamb, mutton, veal). *=saillant=, =-e=, _adj._, jutting out, projecting; striking, forcible, remarkable; (her.) salient. *=saillant=, _n.m._, (fort.) the salient angle of any out-work. *=saille!= _archaic 2d pers. sing. of the imperative of the verb saillir_, (nav.) haul! (word of command). *=saillie=, _n.f._, jutting out, projecture; prominence, protuberance; start, sudden gush, spurt, sudden fit, sally; flash of wit, witticism; (arch.) rabbet, ledge; (of a steam-engine) spindle. *=saillir=, _v.n._, (_irregular_) (arch.) to project, to jut, to jut out, to stand out, to protrude, to rabbet; (paint.) to stand out. _Faire —_; to bring out; to bring into prominence; to show up. _Qui saille_; prominent. _Cette corniche saille trop_; that cornice projects too much. *=saillir=, _v.a._, (_regular_) (of animals) to leap, to cover, to serve. *=saillir=, _v.n._, (_regular_) to gush, to spout out (of liquids). _V._ =jaillir=, which is much more generally used. =sain=, =-e=, _adj._, sound, hale, healthy, sane, wholesome; (nav.) clear. _— de corps et d’esprit_; sound in body and mind. _Revenir — et sauf_; to return safe and sound. _Jugement —_; sound, judgment. _Nourriture —e_; wholesome food. =sainbois=, _n.m._, (bot.) spurge-flax. _V._ =garou=. =saindoux=, _n.m._, lard. =sainement= (sè-n-mān), _adv._, soundly, rationally, judiciously, healthily, wholesomely. =sainfoin=, _n.m._, (bot.) sainfoin. =saint=, =-e=, _adj._, holy, sacred, godly, sainted; sanctified; consecrated, saintly. _— homme_; godly man. _L’Ecriture —e_; Holy-Writ. _La semaine —e_; holy-week. _Le vendredi —_; Good-Friday. _La —-Jean_; Midsummer. _La —-Martin_; Martinmas-day. _Le —-siège_; the holy see. _—-père_; holy father, the Pope. _Le —-Esprit_, _l’Esprit-—_; the Holy Ghost, the Holy Spirit. _Le —-empire romain_, _le —-empire_; (formerly) the German empire. _—-office_; the holy-office (a name for the Inquisition). _Mal —-Jean_, _mal de —_; falling sickness. _Rendre —_; to sanctify. _Lieu —_; sanctuary. _Terre —e_; consecrated ground; Holy Land. _Feu —-Antoine_; Saint Anthony’s fire, erysipelas. _La —e journée_; the blessed, _or_ the whole, day. _Tout le — Frusquin_; (pop.) the whole bally lot (of clothes). [Saint is written with a capital letter and joined to the following name by a hyphen, when such name does not designate a saint: _la Saint-Jean_; Midsummer.] =saint=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, saint, patron saint, patron. _— d’une ville_; patron saint of a town. _Mettre au nombre des —s_; to canonize. _Il ne sait à quel — se vouer_; he does not know which way to turn. _Le — des —s_; the holy of holies. =saint-augustin=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) Saint Augustine; (print.) English. =sainte-barbe=, _n.f._, (_—_) (nav.) powder-magazine, gun-room. _Collège —_; (in Paris). =saintement= (sint-mān), _adv._, holily, sacredly; righteously, piously, religiously. =sainte nitouche=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) a sanctimonious-looking person. _Faire la — —_; to sham Abraham. =sainte-pélagie=, _n.f._, (formerly) debtor’s prison; the French “Marshalsea”; (now) a political prison. =sainteté= (sint-té), _n.f._, holiness, sanctity, sacredness, saintliness; godliness, righteousness; Holiness (the pope); (b.s.) saintship. =saint-germain=, _n.m._, (_—_) (hort.) Saint Germain (a kind of pear). =saint-simonien=, _n.m._ =-ne=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) Saint-Simonian. =saint-simoniser=, _v.a._, to convert (to the doctrines of) (used by de Balzac). =saint-simonisme=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) Saint-Simonianism (system of the Count of Saint-Simon). =saïque=, _n.f._, (nav.) saic. =saisi=, =-e=, _adj._, seized, possessed, struck, impressed. _Être — d’une affaire_; to be made cognizant with; to be called upon to look into, to examine; (jur.) distrained. =saisi=, _n.m._, (jur.) person distrained. =saisie=, _n.f._, seizure, distress, distraint, execution. _— immobilière_; distress on real property. _— mobilière_; distress on movable goods, distress on personal property. =saisie-arrêt=, _n.f._, (_—s-—_) (jur.) attachment; garnishment (in London). =saisie-brandon=, _n.f._, (_—s-—_) (jur.) execution on growing crops. =saisie-exécution=, _n.f._, (_—s-—_) (jur.) execution; distress. =saisie-gagerie=, _n.f._, (_—s-—_) (jur.) execution by way of security (for house-rent). =saisie-revendication=, _n.f._, (_—s-—_) (jur.) attachant of goods claimed (pending litigation). =saisine=, _n.f._, (jur.) seizin; (nav.) gripe, lashing. =saisir=, _v.a._, to seize, to seize upon, to catch, to lay hold of, to catch hold of, to get hold of, to take, to take hold of; to strike, to come upon, to impress, to shock, to startle; to embrace, to avail one’s self of; to understand, to perceive, to discern, to comprehend; to attack; to make cognizant of, to lay before; (jur.) to distrain; (jur.) to vest; (jur.) to attach. _— quelqu’un au collet_; to collar any one. _— l’occasion_; to seize the opportunity. _— un prétexte_; to avail one’s self of an excuse. _La peur les a saisis_; they were struck with fear. _— un tribunal d’une affaire_; to lay (an affair) before a court, to bring before a court of justice. _se_ =saisir=, _v.r._, to seize, to catch hold (of), to lay hold (of), to grasp; to take possession, to take cognizance (of); to arrest, to apprehend. _Saisi du vol_; (of a thief) with the stolen goods upon him. =saisir-arrêter=, _v.a._, (jur.) to attach; (in London) to garnish. =saisir-exécuter=, _v.a._, (jur.) to distrain. =saisissable=, _adj._, distrainable, seizable; attachable. =saisissant=, =-e=, _adj._, (of cold) keen, sharp, piercing; striking, thrilling, startling, impressive. =saisissant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, (jur.) distrainer. =saisissement= (-zis-mān), _n.m._, shock, chill, violent impression, pang; (of criminals) pinioning. =saison=, _n.f._, season, weather; proper time, moment. _Arrière-—_, (_—-—s_) latter end of autumn; (fig.) aftermath. _La — est avancée_; the season is forward. _Morte-—_, (_—s-—s_) (com.) dull, dead season. _Morte —_; winter. _En temps et en —_; in due season. _Être en pleine —_; to be in their prime (of flowers and fruits). _Ces mets ne sont plus de —_; those dishes are out of season. _De —_; in season. _Marchand des quatre —s_; costermonger, hawker. =salace=, _adj._, salacious. =salacité=, _n.f._, salaciousness, salacity. =salade=, _n.f._, salad, salading; mess (for horses); sallet (kind of helmet). _Retourner_, _fatiguer_, _la —_; to mix the salad. =saladier=, _n.m._, salad-dish, salad-bowl. =salage=, _n.m._, salting. =salaire=, _n.m._, wages, pay, hire; recompense, reward, retribution, punishment. _Toute peine mérite —_; the laborer is worthy of his hire. =salaison=, _n.f._, salting; salt-provision. =salamalec=, _n.m._, (jest.) low bow, salaam. =salamandre=, _n.f._, salamander, fire-eater. =salangane=, _n.f._, (orni.) esculent swallow. =salant=, _adj._, salt; saline. _Marais —_; salt-marsh. =salarié=, =-e=, _n._ and _part._, salaried person; hireling; placeman; paid. =salarier=, _v.a._, to pay; to give wages, _or_ a salary, _or_ a stipend, to. =salaud=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, sloven, dirty fellow; dirty woman, slut; slovenly, sluttish. =sale=, _adj._ and _n.m.f._, dirty, nasty, foul; soiled; filthy, low, coarse, dirty person; sloven. _Vaisseau —_; (nav.) foul ship; (of colors) dull. =salé=, _n.m._, salt-pork. _Du petit —_; pork newly-salted; pickled pork. =salé=, =-e=, _adj._, salted, salt, briny; keen, pungent, biting; loose, coarse, broad. _Un peu —_; saltish. _Sources —es_; salt-springs. _Raillerie —e_; biting raillery. _Un propos —_; a coarse remark. =salement= (sal-mān), _adv._, dirtily, nastily, filthily; (fig.) in a slovenly manner. =salep= (sa-lèp), _n.m._, salep. =saler=, _v.a._, to salt, to salt down; to corn (beef); to overcharge, to lay it on stiff for (goods); to fleece (customers). _se_ =saler=, _v.r._, to be salted (of anything). =saleron= (sal-ron), _n.m._, bowl of a salt-cellar. =saleté= (sal-té), _n.f._, dirt, soil, dirtiness, nastiness, filthiness; filth, dirty rubbish; dirty thing; dirty trick; coarseness, ribaldry, obscenity. =saleur=, _n.m._, salter, curer. =salicaire=, _n.f._, salicaria; purple willow. =salicole=, _adj._, salicultural. =salicoque=, _n.f._, prawn. =salicor=, _n.m._, _or_ =salicorne=, _n.f._, (bot.) glasswort, saltwort. ☉=salicot=, _n.m._ _V._ =salicoque=. =salicotte=, _n.f._, (bot.) saltwort. =saliculture=, _n.f._, saliculture. =salière=, _n.f._, salt-cellar; salt-box; eye-pit (of horses); hollow behind the collar-bone (of persons). =salifère=, _adj._, saliferous. =salifiable=, _adj._, (chem.) salifiable. =salification=, _n.f._, (chem.) salification. =salifier=, _v.a._, to salify. =saligaud=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (pop.) dirty person; dirty thing; sloven; slut. *=salignon=, _n.m._, salt-cat. =saligot=, _n.m._, (bot.) water-caltrop. =salin=, =-e=, _adj._, saline, briny. =salin=, _n.m._, salt-marsh; raw salt; brine-pan; salt-works. =saline=, _n.f._, salt provisions, salt fish; salt-mine, salt-works, salt-pit, brine-pit. =salinier=, _n.m._, the owner and worker of salt-works. =salique=, _adj._, salic. _Loi —_; salic law. =salir=, _v.a._, to dirt, to dirty, to soil, to stain, to foul, to taint, to sully, to tarnish, to disgrace. _se_ =salir=, _v.r._, to dirty one’s self; to get dirty; to soil; to sully one’s reputation, to disgrace one’s self. =salissant=, =-e=, _adj._, soiling, that soils, that gets dirty. =salisson=, _n.f._, (pop.) young slut. =salissure=, _n.f._, spot of dirt; soil, stain. =salivaire=, _adj._, (anat.) salivary. =salivation=, _n.f._, (med.) salivation. =salive=, _n.f._, saliva; spittle. =saliver=, _v.n._, to spit; to salivate. =salle=, _n.f._, hall, room; ward (in hospitals); (thea.) house; arbor (of gardens). _— à manger_; dining-room. _La — du commun_; the servants’ hall. _— d’audience_; audience-chamber. _— de spectacle_; play-house. _— de billard_; billiard-room. _— d’armes_; fencing-school, school of arms, armory. _— de danse_; dancing-room, dancing-school. _— de verdure_; green arbor. _— d’asile_; infant-school. _— des festins_; banqueting-hall. _— d’étude_; study, school-room. _— de police_; (mil.) guard-room. _— du rapport_; orderly-room. _— de récréation_; play-room. _— de réunion_; assembly-room. _— du conseil_; council-chamber. _— pleine_, or _comble_; crowded house; house-full, full house. =salmigondis=, _n.m._, (cook.) hotch-potch, resurrection pie; medley, farrago. =salmis=, _n.m._, ragout of game (previously roasted). =saloir=, _n.m._, salt-box; salting-tub. =salon=, _n.m._, drawing-room; saloon, parlor; exhibition (of paintings, of works of art). _pl._, fashionable world; fashionable circles. _Petit —_; small drawing-room. _Fréquenter les —s_; to be a man of fashion. =salope=, _n._ and _adj._ _f._, slut; disorderly woman; slovenly, sluttish. _C’est une vraie —_; she is a perfect slut. _Marie-—_; (_—s-—s_) mud-boat. =salopement= (-lop-mān), _adv._, (pop.) sluttishly, dirtily. =saloperie= (-lo-prî), _n.f._, slovenliness, sluttishness; coarse language, ribaldry; beastliness, filth. =salorge=, _n.m._, loaf of salt. =salpêtrage=, _n.m._, nitrification; saltpeter-making. =salpêtre=, _n.m._, saltpeter. _Ce n’est que du —_; he fires up, _or_ he takes fire, at the least thing; (fig.) hastiness; fire, vivacity. =salpêtrer=, _v.a._, to throw saltpeter (over a space of ground); to nitrify (a wall); to throw out, to produce, saltpeter. _se_ =salpêtrer=, _v.r._, to nitrify, to be covered with saltpeter (of walls). =salpêtrerie=, _n.f._, saltpeter-works. =salpêtreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, saltpetrous. =salpêtrier=, _n.m._, saltpeter-maker. =salpêtrière=, _n.f._, saltpeter-works. _La Salpêtrière_; asylum for women. *=salsepareille=, _n.f._, sarsaparilla. =salsifis= (-fi), _n.m._, (bot.) salsify. _— sauvage_, _— des prés_; goat’s-beard. _— noir_, _— d’Espagne_; viper’s-grass. =saltarelle=, _n.f._, saltarella, Italian dance. =saltation=, _n.f._, saltation. =saltimbanque=, _n.m._, mountebank, clown, buffoon; humbug, quack. =salubre=, _adj._, salubrious, wholesome, healthful, healthy. =salubrité=, _n.f._, salubrity, salubriousness, healthfulness, wholesomeness. _Conseil de —_; board of health. _Inspecteur de —_; sanitary inspector. =saluer=, _v.a._, to salute, to bow to; to hail, to greet; to cheer; to proclaim. _— la compagnie_; to bow to the company. _Je vous salue_, _j’ai l’honneur de vous —_; (in letters) your servant, your humble servant. _— le soleil_; to hail the sun. _Saluez-le de ma part_; remember me to him. _— empereur_, or _roi_; to proclaim emperor, _or_ king. _— de onze coups de canon_; to fire a salute of eleven guns (in honor of). _se_ =saluer=, _v.r._, to bow to, to salute, each other. =salure=, _n.f._, saltness, brine. =salut=, _n.m._, safety; (rel.) salvation; salute, bow; welfare, preservation, escape, hope _or_ chance of success; salutation; hail; (c.rel.) benediction (after even song). _Il a cherché un — dans la fuite_; he sought safety in flight. _Un profond —_; a low bow. _Léger —_; nod; (nav., milit.) salute. _int._, _—!_ hail! greeting! _À bon entendeur —!_ a word to the wise is enough. =salutaire=, _adj._, salutary, wholesome, advantageous, beneficial. =salutairement= (-tèr-mān), _adv._, salutarily, beneficially. =salutation=, _n.f._, salutation, _pl._, compliments; salute; bow. _Recevez mes —s empressées_; yours very truly (in letters). ☉=salvage=, _n.m._ _V._ =sauvetage=. =salvanos= (-nôs), _n.m._, (_—_) (nav.) life-buoy. ☉=salvations=, _n.f._, (jur.) rejoinder. =salve=, _n.f._, (artil.) salute, volley. _Une — d’applaudissements_; a round of applause. =salvé=, _n.m._, (_—_) (c.rel.) Salve Regina. =samaritain= (-tin), =-e= (-tè-n), _n._ and _adj._; Samaritan. =samedi= (sa-m-di), _n.m._, Saturday. _— saint_; Easter-eve. =samscrit=, =-e=, _adj._ _V._ =sanscrit=. =san-benito=, _n.m._, (_—_) san benito. =sancir=, _v.n._, (nav.) to founder, to sink (by the bows). =sanctifiant=, =-e=, _adj._, sanctifying. =sanctificateur=, _n.m._, sanctifier, _adj._ sanctifying. =sanctification=, _n.f._, sanctification, holy-keeping. =sanctifier=, _v.a._, to sanctify, to make holy, to keep holy, to hallow. =sanction=, _n.f._, sanction; approbation; assent (of parliament). =sanctionner=, _v.a._, to sanction. =sanctuaire=, _n.m._, sanctuary; (of the temple at Jerusalem) holy of holies; (of churches) chancel, altar; (fig.) church. =sandal= _or_ =santal=, _n.m._, sandal-wood, sandal. =sandale=, _n.f._, sandal; fencing-shoe. =sandalier=, _n.m._, sandal-maker. =sandaraque=, _n.f._, (bot.) sandarac, pounce. =sandjak=, =sandjiak=, _or_ =sandjiakat=, _n.m._ _V._ =sangiac=. =sandwich= (-ooitch), _n.m._, sandwich. =sang=, _n.m._, blood; race, parentage, relationship, kindred, race. _Un homme de —_; a blood-thirsty man. _Coup de —_; stroke, apoplectic fit. _Pur —_; thoroughbred. _Demi —_; halfbred. _Mettre à feu et à —_; to put to fire and sword. _Suer — et eau_; to toil and moil _or_ to strain every nerve. _Se battre au premier —_; to fight till the first blood is drawn. _Cela glace le —_; that curdles one’s blood. _Cela est dans le —_; that runs in the blood. _Se faire du bon —_; (fam.) to amuse one’s self, to have a jolly time (of it). _Se faire du mauvais —_; to fret, to worry. _Bon — ne peut mentir_; good breeding will assert itself. _Son — n’a fait qu’un tour_; he was struck all of a heap. =sang-de-dragon=, _n.m._ (_—_) (bot.) dragon’s-blood. =sang-froid=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) coolness, composure, sang-froid, presence of mind. _De —_; in cold blood; with composure; soberminded. _Perdre son —_; to lose one’s presence of mind. =sangiac= _or_ =sangiacat=, _n.m._, sangiac; district, province; governor (in Turkey). =sanglade=, _n.f._, lash, cut (with a whip). =sanglant=, =-e=, _adj._, bloody, covered with blood; outrageous, gross; keen, biting, cutting. _Affront —_; outrageous affront. =sangle=, _n.f._, strap, band, belt; girth (of saddles). _Lit de —_; cross, _or_ folding, bedstead. =sanglé=, =-e=, _adj._, strapped; (fig.) ill-treated, cut up; tight, tight-fitting. =sangler=, _v.a._, to bind with a girth, to girth, to strap, to gird; to tighten, to lash, to beat. _— un coup de poing_; to deal a blow. _Avoir été sanglé_; to have been beaten, ill-used; (fig.) cut up. _se_ =sangler=, _v.r._, to lace one’s self tightly; (fig.) to stint, _or_ pinch, one’s self. =sanglier=, _n.m._, wild boar. _— de mer_; sea-hog, boar-fish. =sanglot=, _n.m._, sob. _pl._, sobbing, moaning (of the sea: V. Hugo). _—s entre-coupés_; broken sobs. =sangloter=, _v.n._, to sob. =sangsue= (san-sû), _n.f._, leech; (fig.) blood-sucker, extortioner. =sanguification= (-gu-i-), _n.f._, sanguification. =sanguifier= (-gu-i-), _v.a._, to sanguify. _se_ =sanguifier=, _v.r._, to sanguify. =sanguin=, =-e= (-ghīn, -ghi-n), _adj._, of blood, full-blooded; sanguineous, blood-colored, blood-red. _Vaisseau —_; blood-vessel. =sanguinaire= (-ghi-), _adj._, sanguinary, bloody, murderous, bloodthirsty. =sanguinaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) bloodwort. =sanguine= (-ghi-n), _n.f._, red chalk, blood-stone. =sanguinelle= (-ghi-), _n.f._, (bot.) gatter-tree. =sanguinolent=, =-e= (-ghi-), _adj._, (med.) tinged with blood. =sanhédrin=, _n.m._, sanhedrim. =sanicle=, _n.f._, (bot.) sanicle. =sanie=, _n.f._, (med.) sanies. =sanieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, sanious. =sanitaire=, _adj._, sanitary. =sans=, _prep._, without; free from; but for, had it not been for, were it not for. _— amis_; friendless. _— doute_; without doubt. _— cela_; were it not for that _or_ else. _— quoi_; otherwise _or_ else, without that. _— y penser_; unawares, unthinkingly. _— peur_; fearless. _— le sou_; penniless. _Cela va — dire_; of course, as a matter of course. =sans-cœur=, _adj._ and _n.m.f._, (pop.) heartless; unfeeling person _or_ wretch. =sanscrit=, _n.m._, Sanscrit (language). =sanscrit=, =-e=, _adj._, Sanscrit. =sans-culotte=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) ragged fellow; sans-culotte; ultra-violent republican. =sans-culottides=, _n.f.pl._, the five supernumerary days to complete the year in the calendar of the first French republic; _also_, the festivals held during those days. =sans-dents=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) toothless old woman. =sans-façon=, _n.m._, bluntness, off-handedness, familiarity. =sans-fleur=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) a sort of apple. =sans-gêne=, _n.m._, unceremoniousness; impudence, coolness; off-handedness. =sansonnet=, _n.m._, (orni.) starling. =sans-peau=, _n.f._, (_—_) summer-pear. =sans que=, _conj._, without. _Il a passé — que je l’aie aperçu_; he passed without my seeing him. =sans-soin=, _adj._, careless. _n.m.f._, careless creature. =sans-souci=, _n.m._, (_—_) careless, indifferent man, jolly fellow. =sans-terre=, _adj._, Lackland. _Les —s_; the Lacklanders. =santal=, _n.m._ _V._ =sandal=. =santaline=, _n.f._, (chem.) santaline. =santé=, _n.f._, health, healthiness; soundness; toast. _Comment va la —?_ how is your health? how are you? _Maison de —_; private asylum. _Bureau de —_; board of health. _Billet de —_; certificate of health. _Boire à la — de quelqu’un_; to drink any one’s health. _Corps de —_; medical staff. _Officier de —_; medical practitioner. =santoline=, _n.f._, (bot.) santolina. [Sometimes, but improperly, used for _santonine_, which see.] =santon=, _n.m._, santon; a santon’s tomb (in Algeria). =santonine=, _n.f._, (bot.) artemisia santonica; (chem.) santonin. =sanve=, _n.f._, (bot.) charlock. =saoul=, _adj._ _V._ =soûl=. =saouler=, _v.a._ _V._ =soûler=. =sapa=, _n.m._, (pharm.) grape-jelly, juice. =sapajou=, _n.m._, (mam.) sapajou; (fig. pers.) monkey. =sapan=, _n.m._, sapan-wood. =sape=, _n.f._, (milit.) sap, sapping, mine, trench. _Aller à la —_; (milit.) to sap. =saper=, _v.a._, to sap, to undermine, to cut away, to shake. =sapeur=, _n.m._, (milit.) sapper. =saphène=, _n.f._, (anat.) saphena. =saphique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (Grec. poet.) sapphic. =saphir=, _n.m._, sapphire. =saphirine=, _n.f._, (min.) blue chalcedony. =sapide=, _adj._, sapid, palatable. =sapidité=, _n.f._, sapidity, sapidness, flavor. =sapience=, _n.f._, ☉sapience, wisdom (theol.). =sapientiaux=, _adj.m.pl._, (Bibl.) sapiential. =sapin=, _n.m._, fir, fir-tree; spruce, deal; (pop.) hackney-coach. _Sentir le —_; to have a foot in the grave. _Sa toux sent le —_; he has a churchyard cough. =sapine=, _n.f._, fir-plank, deal-board; scaffold-pole. =sapinière=, _n.f._, fir-plantation, fir-grove. =saponacé=, =-e=, _adj._, saponaceous. =saponaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) soapwort. =saponification=, _n.f._, saponification. =saponifier=, _v.a._, to saponify. _se_ =saponifier=, _v.r._, to saponify. =saponine=, _n.f._, saponine. =saporifique=, _adj._, saporific. =sapote= _or_ *=sapotille=, _n.f._, sapota (fruit). =sapotier= _or_ *=sapotillier=, _n.m._, sapota (tree). =sar=, _n.m._ _V._ =sart=. =sarabande=, _n.f._, saraband (dance). =sarbacane=, _n.f._, air-cane; pea-shooter; speaking tube; puff and dart. _Par —_; by proxy. =sarbotière=, _n.f._ _V._ =sorbétière=. =sarcasme=, _n.m._, sarcasm. =sarcastique=, _adj._, sarcastic; sarcastical. =sarcelle=, _n.f._, (orni.) teal. =sarcite=, _n.f._, flesh-stone. =sarclage=, _n.m._, (gard.) weeding. =sarcler=, _v.a._, (gard.) to weed; (fig.) to extirpate. =sarcleur=, _n.m._, weeder. =sarcloir=, _n.m._, weeding-hook _or_ fork, hoe. =sarclure=, _n.f._, weedings. =sarcocèle=, _n.f._, (surg.) sarcocele. =sarcocolle=, _n.f._, sarcocolla. =sarcocollier=, _n.m._, (bot.) sarcocol-tree, pænea mucronata. =sarcologie=, _n.f._, sarcology. =sarcomateu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (surg.) sarcomatous. =sarcome=, _n.m._, (surg.) sarcoma. =sarcophage=, _n.m._, sarcophagus; coffin, representation of a coffin (at a funeral). =sarcophage=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (med.) caustic, corrosive, escharotic. ☉=sarcotique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (med.) sarcotic. =sardanapale=, _n.m._, effeminate man. =sarde=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, Sardinian. =sarde=, _n.f._, (ich.) scomber; a kind of sardine _or_ pilchard (of Brazil). =sardine=, _n.f._, pilchard, sardine. =sardoine=, _n.f._, (min.) sardonyx. =sardonien=, =-ne= (-ni-in, -ni-è-n), _adj._, sardonian, sardonic. =sardonique=, _adj._, sardonic. =sargasse=, _n.f._, sargassum, gulf-weed. =sarge= _or_ =sargue=, _n.m._, (ich.) sheep’s head, sargus. =sarigue=, _n.m.f._, opossum. =sarisse=, _n.f._, (antiq.) sarissa, the phalanx’s long pike. =sarmate=, _adj._, sarmatian. =sarment=, _n.m._, vine-shoot, vine-twig. =sarmenteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (bot.) sarmentous, branchy, climbing. =sarracénique=, _adj._, Saracenic. =sarrasin=, _n.m._ and _adj._, Saracen; (arch.) Saracenic. =sarrasin=, _n.m._, buckwheat. =sarrasine=, _n.f._, (fort.) sarasin, sarrasine, portcullis, herse. =sarrau=, _n.m._, smock-frock, smock; (children) pinafore. =sarrette=, _n.f._, (bot.) saw-wort. =sarriette=, _n.f._, (bot.) savory; common marum. =sarrot=, _n.m._ _V._ =sarrau=. =sart= _or_ =sar=, _n.m._, sea-wrack. =sas=, _n.m._, bolting-sieve; sieve; screen; chamber (of locks). _Passer au —_; to sift (fig.). _Passer au gros —_; to examine superficially. =sassafras=, _n.m._, (bot.) sassafras. =sasse=, _n.f._, (nav.) scoop. =sassement= (sâs-mān), _n.m._, sifting, winnowing. =sassenage= (sās-naj), _n.m._, Sassenage cheese. =sasser=, _v.a._, to sift, to bolt; to winnow; to scan, to scrutinize. =sasset=, _n.m._, little sieve. =sasseur=, _n.m._, sifter, bolter; winnower. =satan=, _n.m._, Satan. =satanas=, _n.m._, (fam.) Satan. =satané=, _adj._, (fam.) roguish, wanton, mischievous; devilish, confounded. =satanique=, _adj._, satanic, satanical. =satellite= (-tèl-lit), _n.m._, satellite. =satellite=, _adj._, (anat.) companion. [Only used in: _veines —s_; _venæ comites_; companion veins.] =satiété=, _n.f._, satiety, surfeit, fullness. =satin=, _n.m._, satin. =satinade=, _n.f._, satinet. =satinage=, _n.m._, satining; glazing (of paper). =satiné=, =-e=, _adj._, satin-like, satiny, hot _or_ cold pressed; glazed (of paper). _Peau —e_; skin as soft as velvet. =satiner=, _v.a._, to satin; to glaze (paper). _— à chaud_; to hot press. _— à froid_; to cold press. =satiner=, _v.n._, to become as soft as satin. =satire=, _n.f._, satire; lampoon. _— piquante_; cutting satire. _— personnelle_; lampoon. =satirique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, satirist; satirical. =satiriquement= (-rik-mān), _adv._, satirically. =satiriser=, _v.a._, to satirize. =satirist=, _n.m.f._, satirist. =satisfaction=, _n.f._, satisfaction, gratification, pleasure; atonement. =satisfactoire=, _adj._, (theol.) satisfactory. =satisfaire=, _v.a._, to satisfy, to please, to gratify; to supply (wants); to answer; to meet, to discharge; to give satisfaction (to) (to make amends); to perform, to execute, to fulfill; to comply (with), to obey. _— sa passion_; to gratify one’s passion. _— l’attente de quelqu’un_; to answer any one’s expectation. _se_ =satisfaire=, _v.r._, to satisfy one’s self, to indulge one’s self. =satisfaire=, _v.n._, to satisfy; to discharge; to perform, to execute; to gratify, to indulge. _— à ses engagements_; to meet one’s engagements. =satisfaisant=, =-e=, _adj._, satisfactory. =satisfait=, =-e=, _adj._, satisfied, contented, pleased. =satisfecit=, _n.m._, (_—_) certificate of good conduct. =satrape=, _n.m._, satrap. =satrapie=, _n.f._, satrapy. =saturable=, _adj._, saturable. =saturant=, =-e=, _adj._, saturant. =saturation=, _n.f._, saturation. =saturer=, _v.a._, to saturate; to surfeit. _se_ =saturer=, _v.r._, to become saturated, surfeited. =saturnales=, _n.f.pl._, Saturnalia. =Saturne=, _n.m._, (astron., chem.) Saturn. =saturnin=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) lead. _Colique —e_; lead colic. =satyre=, _n.m._, satyr. =satyre=, _n.f._, (Grec. antiq.) satyric play; satire. =satyriasis= (-zis), _n.m._, (med.) satyriasis. =satyrion=, _n.m._, (bot.) satyrion, satyrium, standard-grass, stander-grass. =satyrique=, _adj._, pertaining to satyrs, satyric. =sauce=, _n.f._, (cook.) sauce. _— relevée_; rich, highly-seasoned, sauce. _— douce_; sweet sauce. _— piquante_; sharp sauce. _À toute —_; in all manner of ways, for any sort of work. _Il n’est —_ (or _chère_) _que d’appétit_; a good appetite is the best sauce. _On ne sait à quelle — le mettre_; there is no knowing what to do with him. _Faire la — à quelqu’un_; to give any one a smart rebuke, to pull any one up sharply. _Être dans la —_; to be in a pickle. =saucé=, =-e=, _part._, drenched, soused, wet through. _Médailles —es_; plated medals. =saucer=, _v.a._, to dip in sauce; to sop, to souse, to wet through; to scold; to blow up. =saucier=, _n.m._, (nav.) saucer (of a capstan); sauce-maker, sauce-contriver. =saucière=, _n.f._, sauce-boat, sauce-tureen. =saucisse=, _n.f._ sausage. =saucisson=, _n.m._, large sausage; (artil.) saucisson, saucisse; (fort.) bundle of fagots _or_ fascines. =sau-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, safe, unhurt, unscathed, spared. _Il en est revenu sain et —_; he returned safe and sound. _La vie —ve_; with one’s life. =sauf=, _prep._, saving, save, except, but; reserving; subject to; under. _— erreur ou omission_; errors excepted. _— correction_; under correction. _— votre respect_; saving your presence. =sauf-conduit=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) safe-conduct. =sauge=, _n.f._, (bot.) sage. =saugrenu=, =-e=, _adj._, absurd, ridiculous. =saulaie=, _n.f._, willow-plantation _or_ grove. =saule=, _n.m._, willow. _— pleureur_; weeping willow. =saulée=, _n.f._, row _or_ avenue of willows. =saumâtre=, _adj._, brackish, briny. =saumon=, _n.m._, (ich.) salmon; (metal.) pig, brock; (nav.) kentledge. _— mariné_; pickled salmon. _— de fonte_; pig-iron. =saumoné=, =-e=, _adj._, salmon. _Truite —e_; salmon-trout. =saumoneau=, _n.m._, (ich.) young salmon, grilse. =saumure=, _n.f._, brine, pickle. =saumurer=, _v.a._, to brine, to pickle, to souse. =saumurois=, _adj._, native of Saumur. =saunage=, _n.m._, salt-trade; salt-making. _Faux-—_; (_n.p._) illicit salt-trade. =sauner=, _v.n._, to make salt. =saunerie= (sô-n-rî), _n.f._, salt-house; salt-works. =saunier= _or_ =saulnier=, _n.m._, salt-maker. _Faux-—_, (_—-—s_) dealer in contraband salt. =saunière=, _n.f._, salt-box. =saupiquet=, _n.m._, (cook.) sharp sauce. =saupoudrage=, _n.m._, salting, besprinkling. =saupoudrer=, _v.a._, to powder; to sprinkle with salt, pepper, etc.; to strew; to sprinkle; (fig.) to intersperse, to interlard, to strew. =saur=, _adj._, red (of herrings). [This word is an abbreviation of _saure_, which see below.] =saure=, _adj._, yellowish brown; sorrel (of horses); red, smoked (of herrings). _Un hareng —_; a red herring. _Un cheval —_; a sorrel horse. =saurer=, _v.a._, to smoke (herrings). =sauret=, _adj._, (l.u.) red (of herrings). =sauriens= (-īn), _n.m.pl._, saurians; lizards. =saurin=, _n.m._, herring (just) smoked. =saussaie=, _n.f._ _V._ =saulaie=. =saut=, _n.m._, leap, jump, skip, bound; spring; waterfall; (man.) vault, leap. _Faire un —_; to take a leap. _— de carpe_ or _périlleux_; somerset, somersault. _— de Breton_; tripping up any one. _— de loup_; ha-ha; ditch. _Il s’élança tout d’un —_; he sprang forward at a bound. _Au — du lit_; on getting up, on getting out of bed. _De plein —_; at once; point blank. _Par —s et par bonds_; by fits and starts. _— de mouton_; (man.) goat-leap; (game) leap-frog. =sautage=, _n.m._, exploding, blasting (mines). =saute=, _n.f._, (nav.) sudden veering of the wind, chopping. =sauté=, _n.m._, (cook.) stew. =sauté=, =-e=, _adj._, (cook.) stewed. =saute-en-barque=, _n.m._, boating-jacket. =sautelle=, _n.f._, vine-shoot. =sauter=, _v.n._, to leap, to leap off, to jump, to skip, to pass over, to overlook; to spring; (nav.) to veer, to shift, to chop round (of the wind); to blow up (to explode); to kick the bucket; to be discharged (of a person). _— en avant_; to leap forward. _— par-dessus une muraille_; to leap over a wall. _— de joie_; to jump, _or_ leap, for joy. _Faire — un bastion_; to blow up a bastion. _Faire — la banque_; to break the bank. _— au collet de quelqu’un_; to collar any one. _Cela saute aux yeux_; that is obvious, self-evident. _— aux nues_; to jump up to the ceiling. _Le vent saute_; (nav.) the wind is shifting, _or_ chopping, round. _— en l’air_; to bounce, _or_ jump, up. _— à bas du lit_; to jump out of bed. _Reculer pour mieux —_; to await a better opportunity. _— en selle_; to leap into the saddle. =sauter=, _v.a._, to leap, to leap over; to overlook, to pass over; to leave out, to skip. _— un fossé_; to clear a ditch. _Il a sauté une phrase_; he has skipped a sentence. _— à pieds joints_; to jump close-feet _or_ close-legged. =sautereau= (sô-trô), _n.m._, jack (of harpsichords). =sauterelle= (sô-trèl), _n.f._, grasshopper, locust, gutter-skipper; (carp.) level (instrument). =saute-ruisseau=, _n.m._, (_—-—x_) (game) hop-scotch; errand-boy. _— de mer_; squilla (sort of shrimp). =sauteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, leaper, jumper, tumbler, mountebank; (man.) vaulter; leaping-horse. =sauteuse=, _n.f._, a kind of dance. *=sautillant=, =-e=, _adj._, hopping, skipping; (fig.) jerky (of style). *=sautillement=, _n.m._, hopping, skipping. *=sautiller=, _v.n._, to hop, to skip, to jump about. =sautoir= (sô-toar), _n.m._, Saint Andrew’s cross; scarf, watch-guard; (her.) saltier; (cook.) stew-pan; (horl.) jumper. _En —_; cross-wise, slung over the shoulder (of muskets); crossways; (her.) saltier-wise. _Porter son bagage en —_; to have one’s baggage slung over one’s shoulder. =sauvage=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, savage; savage, wild, untamed; shy, timid; unsociable; uncivilized; rude, brutal, barbarous. =sauvagement=, _adv._, wildly; savagely; fiercely. =sauvageon= (-jon), _n.m._, (agri.) wild stock. =sauvagerie= (sô-va-jrî), _n.f._, unsociableness; shyness, wildness. =sauvagesse=, _n.f._, uncivilized woman; (fam.) a woman destitute of education and manners, a scold, a shrew. =sauvagin=, _n.m._, taste, _or_ smell, of water-fowl. =sauvagin=, =-e=, _adj._, fishy (in taste). _Sentir le —_; to taste fishy, to smell fishy. =sauvagine=, _n.f._, wild water-fowl; odour of water-fowl; (com.) common unprepared skins _or_ furs. =sauvegarde= (sôv-gard), _n.f._, safe-keeping, safeguard; shield, buckler, protection. _—s de beaupré_; (nav.) man-ropes of the bowsprit; rudder pendant. =sauvegarder= (sôv-gardé), _v.a._, to protect, to safeguard. =sauve-qui-peut=, _n.m._, (_—_) headlong flight, rout; stampede; panic. =sauver=, _v.a._, to save, to deliver, to rescue; to keep, to be the salvation of; to economize; to ward off, to palliate; to conceal; to excuse, to vindicate. _Sauve qui peut_; save himself who can, every one for himself. _— les apparences_; to save appearances. _— les défauts d’un ouvrage_; to conceal the imperfections of a work. _— la vie à quelqu’un_; to save any one’s life. _se_ =sauver=, _v.r._, to escape, to make good one’s escape, to run away; to abscond; to make off; to take refuge; to retrieve one’s self; to indemnify one’s self; to work out one’s salvation. =sauvetage= (sôv-taj), _n.m._, (nav.) salvage, saving, rescue. _Canot de —_; life-boat. _Ceinture de —_; life-belt. _Bouée de —_; life-buoy. _Société de —_; life-boat institution. _Appareil_, or _sac_, _de —_; fire-escape. =sauveteur= (sôv-teur), _n.m._, rescuer; life-preserver; fire-escape; salvor. =sauvette=, _n.f._ duck-stone (game). =sauveur=, _n.m._ and _adj._, saver, deliverer; Saviour, Redeemer; (Bib.) all-saving. =sauve-vie=, _n.f._, (_—_) (bot.) wall-rue. =savamment= (-va-mān), _adv._, learnedly, cleverly; knowingly, wittingly. =savane=, _n.f._, savannah. =savant=, =-e=, _adj._, learned, clever; masterly, able, skillful. _Une main —e_; a skillful hand. _Femme —e_; blue-stocking. =savant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, scholar, learned person. _Les —s_; the literati, the learned. =savantasse=, _n.m._, pedant. [Sometimes spelt _savantas_ in poetry.] =savanterie=, _n.f._, pedantry. =savantissime=, _adj._, most learned. =savarin=, _n.m._, tipsy cake. =savate=, _n.f._, old shoe; awkward, clumsy person; (nav.) shoes; slip-shoe; shoe down at the heel; (game) hunt the slipper; bungler. _Traîner la —_; to be as poor as Job; to shuffle along. _Tirer la —_; to fight with the feet. =savaterie=, _n.f._, old-shoe trade _or_ market; old-shoe shop. =saveter= (sav-té), _v.a._, to cobble; to bungle, to botch. =savetier= (sav-tié), _n.m._, cobbler; bungler, botcher, duffer. =saveur=, _n.f._, savor, flavor, relish; taste, zest. =savoir= (sachant, su), _v.a._, to know, to have a knowledge of, to be aware of; to understand; to be sensible of; to be acquainted with. _Il n’en sait rien_; he knows nothing about it. _Puis-que vous en savez tant_; since you know so much (about it) _or_ since you are so well posted up (in the matter). _Faire —_; to notify, to acquaint, to let know, to inform. _Je ne sais_; I don’t know. _Je ne sais que faire_; I don’t know what to do. _Je suis tout je ne sais comment_; I am all out of sorts. _Pas que je sache_; not that I know, not to my knowledge. _Il sait son pain manger_; he knows what he is about. _— vivre_; to know how to behave, to be well-bred, to have breeding. _Il ne sait pas vivre_; he has no manners. _Il ne sait ni A ni B_; he is a regular dunce _or_ duffer. _En — plus d’une_; to know a trick or two. _En — gré à quelqu’un_; to be grateful, _or_ thankful, to any one (for). _En — trop long_; to know too much. _Je ne sais qu’en croire_; I know not what to think of it. _Je le sais de bonne part_; I have it from a good source. _Si l’on vient à — cela_; if that comes to be known. _Je ne saurais qu’y faire_; I cannot help it. _Je ne sais où j’en suis_; I do not know which way to turn, _or_ what I am about. _Autant que je sache_; to the best of my belief. _Que nous sachions_; as far as we know; as far as we recollect; as far as we can judge; as far as we are aware. _Un je ne sais quoi_; an indescribable something. [_Je ne sais quoi_ is the “indescribable” in French.] _Qui sait plus se tait_; (prov.) a still tongue shows a wise head. =savoir=, _v.n._, to know, to be learned, to be a scholar, to be a person of learning. _—_, _à —_; viz., namely, that is to say, to wit; that remains to be known; perhaps. _se_ =savoir=, _v.r._, to get _or_ become known, to know one’s self to be. _Tout se sait avec le temps_; everything becomes known in time. =savoir=, _n.m._, knowledge, learning, scholarship, talents, skill. =savoir-faire=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) management; tact, ability, skill; wits. _Il vit de son —_; he lives by his wits. =savoir-vivre=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) good manners, good breeding. =savoisien=, =-ne=, _adj._ and _n._, Savoyard; of, from, Savoy. =savon=, _n.m._, soap; rebuke, scolding, blowing up, wigging; soaping. _Donner un — à quelqu’un_; to blow any one up, to give a wigging to. _— marbré_; mottled soap. _— parfumé_; scented soap. _— noir_; soft soap. _Eau de —_; soapsuds. =savonnage=, _n.m._, soaping; washing with soap, soap-suds. =savonner=, _v.a._, to soap; to wash with soap, to lather; (pop.) to rebuke, to scold, to blow up. _se_ =savonner=, _v.r._, to bear washing, to wash (of fabrics). _Cette étoffe se savonne_; this material will wash, will bear washing. =savonnerie= (-vo-n-rî), _n.f._, soap-house, soap-trade; soap-works. =savonnette=, _n.f._, wash-ball; soap-ball. =savonneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, soapy. =savonnier=, _n.m._, soap-boiler, soap-manufacturer; (bot.) soapberry-tree. =savourement= (-voor-mān), _n.m._, savoring, tasting; (fig.) enjoyment. =savourer=, _v.a._, to savor; to relish, to taste; (fig.) to enjoy, to delight in. =savouret=, _n.m._, marrow-bone. =savoureusement= (-reuz-mān), _adv._, with relish. =savoureu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, savory, delicious. =savoyard=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, Savoyard; native of Savoy; (fig.) ill-mannered, rude, unmannerly person. _V._ =savoisien=. =saxatile=, _adj._, saxatile. =saxifrage=, _adj._, saxifragous. =saxifrage=, _n.f._, (bot.) saxifrage. =saxon=, =-ne=, _n._ and _adj._, Saxon. =saynète=, _n.f._, sainette (Spanish farce). =sayon=, _n.m._, sayon, tunic. =sbire=, _n.m._, sbirro, myrmidon. =scabellon=, _n.m._, (arch.) socle, small pedestal. =scabieuse=, _n.f._, (bot.) scabious. =scabieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) scabious, scabby. =scabreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, scabrous, rugged, rough; dangerous, difficult, slippery; delicate; ticklish. =scabrosité=, _n.f._, (of plants) roughness; ruggedness. =scalaire=, _n.f._, (moll.) wentletrap. =scalde=, _n.m._, (antiq.) Scandinavian poet. =scalène=, _adj._, (geom.) scalene, scalenous. =scalpel=, _n.m._, scalpel. =scalper=, _v.a._, to scalp. _S’entre —_; to scalp one another. =scalpeur=, _n.m._, scalper. =scammonée=, _n.f._, scammony. =scandale=, _n.m._, scandal; offense; exposure; shame; dismay, horror. _Au grand — de tout le monde_; to every one’s horror. _Faire du —_; to make a scene. =scandaleusement= (-leûz-mān), _adv._, scandalously. =scandaleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, scandalous. =scandaliser=, _v.a._, to scandalize, to shock. _se_ =scandaliser=, _v.r._, to be scandalized, to be shocked, to take offense. _Il se scandalise de tout_; he takes offense at everything. =scander=, _v.a._, to scan. _se_ =scander=, _v.r._, to be scanned. =scandinave=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, scandinavian. =scansion=, _n.f._, scansion. =scape=, _n.m._, (bot.) flower-supporting stem, scape. =scaphandre=, _n.m._, cork-jacket (for swimming); diving apparatus. =scaphandrier=, _n.m._, diver. =scaphoïde=, _adj._, scaphoid. =scapin=, _n.m._, knave, rogue, scamp. [The “knave” of Molière’s comedies.] =scapolite=, _n.m._, (min.) scapolite. =scapulaire=, _n.m._, scapular, scapulary; (surg.) shoulder-band. =scapulaire=, _adj.f._, (anat., orni.) scapular. =scarabée=, _n.m._, (ent.) scarabæus, beetle. =scaramouche=, _n.m._, scaramouch. =scare=, _n.m._, (ich.) scarus, parrot-fish. =scarieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (bot.) scarious. =scarificateur=, _n.m._, (surg.) scarificator; scarifier (instrument). =scarification=, _n.f._, scarification. =scarifier=, _v.a._, to scarify. =scariole=, _n.f._ _V._ =escarole=. =scarlatine=, _n._ and _adj._ _f._, (med.) scarlatina; scarlet. _Fièvre —_; scarlet fever. =sceau=, _n.m._, seal; impression of a seal; act of confirmation; sanction. _—x de l’Etat_; Seals of the State. _Petit —_; privy seal. _Garde des —x_; Keeper of the Seals. _— de Notre Dame_; (bot.) black briony. _Apposer son —_; to affix one’s seal. _Mettre le — à_; to seal; to complete, to put the finishing touch to. _Être marqué d’un —_; to be branded with. _Marqué au — du génie_; pregnant with genius (V. Hugo). ☉=scel=, _n.m._ _V._ =sceau=. =scélérat=, =-e=, _adj._, flagitious, nefarious, villainous, infamous, vile. =scélérat=, _n.m._, scoundrel, villain; wretch. =scélératesse=, _n.f._, villainy, infamy, atrociousness, wickedness. =scellé=, _n.m._, waxen stamp placed officially on locks, closets, etc.; seals. _Apposer les —s_; to affix the seals. _Lever les —s_; to take off the seals. _Bris de —_; unlawful breaking of the seals. =scellement= (sèl-mān), _n.m._, sealing; fastening. =sceller=, _v.a._, to put an official seal to, to seal, to seal up; to fix, to bind; to ratify, to confirm; to cement; to make fast; (mas.) to bed. =scelleur=, _n.m._, sealer. =scène=, _n.f._, scene; uproar, quarrel, row, scene; (thea.) stage, scenery. _La mise en — d’une pièce_; (thea.) the getting up _or_ staging of a piece. _Faire une — à quelqu’un_; to have a row with any one, to blow any one up. _Être en —_; (thea.) to be upon the stage. =scénique=, _adj._, scenical, scenic. =scénite=, _adj._, dwelling in tents. =scénographie=, _n.f._, scenography. =scénographique=, _adj._, scenographical. =scénopégie=, _n.f._, the feast of tabernacles. =scepticisme=, _n.m._, scepticism. =sceptique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, sceptic, sceptical. =sceptre= (sèp-tr), _n.m._, sceptre; sway, empire, dominion. =schabraque= _or_ =chabraque= (sha-), _n.f._, shabrack. =schah= (shâ), _n.m._, Shah (of Persia). =schako= (sha-), _n.m._ _V._ =shako=. =schall= (shâl), _n.m._ _V._ =châle=. =scheik= (shèk), _n.m._ _V._ =cheik=. =schelling= (shĕ-lin), _n.m._, (_—s_) shilling. =schenante= (shĕ-), _n.m._, (bot.) lemon-grass. =schène= (skè-n), _n.m._, (antiq.) scheme (Egyptian measure of length; about six miles and a half). =schérif= (shé-), _n.m._ (_—s_). _V._ =chérif= and =shérif=. =scherzo= (skèr-), _n.m._, (_scherzi_) (mus.) scherzo, (sportive piece in a symphony). =schiite= (shi-it), _n.m._, shiite, schismatic Mahometan. =schismatique= (shis-), _n.m._ and _adj._, schismatic; schismatical. =schisme= (shism), _n.m._, schism. =schiste= (shist), _n.m._, (min.) schist, slate. =schisteu-x=, =-se= (shis-), _adj._, schistous. =schlague= (shlag), _n.f._, (milit.) flogging. =schlich= (shlik), _n.m._, (min.) slick. =schlittage=, _n.m._, sledge (for felled trees). =schlitte=, _n.f._, sledge (for felled trees) (in Erckmann-Chatrian). =schlitteur=, _n.m._, sledger (of felled trees). =schnapan= (shna-), _n.m._ _V._ =chenapan=. =scholastique= (sko-). _V._ =scolastique=. =scholie= (sko-). _V._ =scolie=. =schooner= (shoo-nèr, skoonèr), _n.m._, (nav.) schooner. =schorl= (shorl), _n.m._, (min.) schorl. =sciage=, _n.m._, sawing. =sciagraphie=, _n.f._ _V._ =sciographie=. =sciant=, =-e=, _adj._, boring, annoying, bothering, tiresome, tedious. =sciatérique=, _adj._, sciatheric. =sciatique=, _n.f._ and _adj._, (anat., med.) sciatica, hip gout; sciatical. =scie=, _n.f._, saw; (ich.) saw-fish; (pop.) trouble, bore (tiresome thing). _— à main_; handsaw. _— à découper_; fret-saw. _Quelle —!_ (fig.) what a bore! _— de scieur de long_; pit-saw. =sciemment= (si-a-mān), _adv._, wittingly, knowingly. =science=, _n.f._, knowledge, science, learning. _Posséder une — à fond_; to be thoroughly master of a science. _S’adonner aux —s_; to devote one’s self to the study of sciences. _La — infuse_; intuition. _De — certaine_; for a positive fact. =scientifique=, _adj._, scientific. =scientifiquement= (-fik-mān), _adv._, scientifically. =scier=, _v.a._, to saw; to reap, to cut down. _— le dos à quelqu’un_; (pop.) to bore any one. _se_ =scier=, _v.r._, to saw, to be cut with a saw. =scier=, _v.n._, to saw; (nav.) to back water. _— à culer_; (nav.) to put astern, to back water. =scierie= (sî-rî), _n.f._, saw-mill. =scieur=, _n.m._, sawyer; reaper. _Fosse de — de long_; saw-pit. =scille=, _n.f._, (bot.) squill. =scillitique=, _adj._, (pharm.) of squill. =scindé=, =-e=, _adj._, divided; (of books) in parts. =scinder=, _v.a._, to divide. _Se —_; to be divided. =scinque=, _n.m._, (erpelotogy) skink. =scintillant=, =-e= (-til-lān, -t), _adj._, scintillant. =scintillation= (-til-la-), _n.f._, scintillation. =scintillement= (sin-til-mān), _n.m._, scintillation, sparkling, twinkling. =scintiller= (-til-lé), _v.n._, to scintillate, to sparkle, to twinkle. =sciographie=, _n.f._, (arch.) sciagraphy, sciography. =sciographique=, _adj._, (arch.) sciagraphical, sciographical. =scion=, _n.m._, (bot.) scion, shoot. =scioptique=, _adj._, (opt.) scioptic. =scirpe=, _n.m._, (bot.) club-rush. =scissile=, _adj._, scissible. =scission=, _n.f._, scission, split, secession; division (of opinions); defection, separation. _Faire —_; to secede. =scissionnaire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, seceder; seceding. =scissure=, _n.f._, (anat.) fissure; crack, cleft. =sciure=, _n.f._, saw-dust, saw-powder. =sclarée=, _n.f._, (bot.) clary. =sclérophtalmie=, _n.f._, (med.) ophthalmy (inflammation of the conjunctiva). =sclérotique=, _n.f._, (anat.) sclerotic. =scolaire=, _adj._, scholar, academic; (of schools). _Année —_; academic year (October to August in France). =scolarité=, _n.f._, course of study; curriculum. =scolastique=, _adj._, scholastical; academic; of schools. =scolastique=, _n.m._, scholastic, school-man. =scolastique=, _n.f._, scholasticism. =scolastiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, scholastically. =scoliaste=, _n.m._, scholiast. =scolie=, _n.f._, scholium; (Grec. antiq.) table-song. =scolie=, _n.m._, (geom.) scholium. =scolopendre=, _n.f._, (bot.) hart’s-tongue; (ent.) scolopendra, centiped. =scombre=, _n.m._, (ich.) scomber. =scorbut=, _n.m._, scurvy. =scorbutique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, scorbutic. =scordium= (-diom), _n.m._, (bot.) water-germander. =scorie=, _n.f._, (metal.) scoria, dross. =scorification=, _n.f._, (metal.) scorification. =scorificatoire=, _n.m._, scorifier. =scorifier=, _v.a._, to scorify. =scorpioide=, _n.f._, (bot.) scorpion’s-tail. =scorpiojelle=, _n.f._, scorpion oil. =scorpion=, _n.m._, (astron.) Scorpion; (ent.) scorpion. =scorpione=, _n.f._, (bot.) scorpion-grass, scorpion’s-tail. =scorpiure=, _n.f._, (bot.) caterpillar. =scorsonère=, _n.f._, (bot.) viper’s-grass. =scotie= (-tî), _n.f._, (arch.) scotia; casement. =scribe=, _n.m._, scribe, writer. =scripteur=, _n.m._, writer of the pope’s bulls. =scrofulaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) figwort. =scrofules=, _n.f.pl._, scrofula, king’s evil. =scrofuleu-x=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, scrofulous person; scrofulous. =scrotocèle=, _n.f._, (surg.) scrotocele. =scrotum= (-tom), _n.m._, (_—_) (anat.) scrotum. =scrupule=, _n.m._, scruple; qualm; scrupulousness; scruple (weight). _Avoir des —s_; to be scrupulous. _Lever des —s_; to remove scruples. _Je m’en ferais —_; I would hesitate to do it. =scrupuleusement= (-leûz-mān), _adv._, scrupulously, strictly, exactly. =scrupuleu-x=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, over-nice, over-scrupulous person; scrupulous, strict, nice, rigorous, precise. =scrutat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, investigator, explorer, searcher, scrutinizer; (of a ballot) scrutineer; teller; investigating, searching, scrutinizing. =scruter=, _v.a._, to scrutinize, to search closely, to investigate, to fathom; to look carefully into. =scrutin=, _n.m._, ballot, balloting. _— de liste_; vote by ticket. _Dépouiller le —_; to count the votes. _Au —_, or _au — secret_; by ballot. =scubac=, _n.m._ _V._ =usquebac=. =sculptable= (skul-tabl), _adj._, to be sculptured; to be carved. =sculpter= (skul-té), _v.a._, to sculpture, to carve. =sculpteur= (skul-teur), _n.m._, sculptor, carver. =sculptural= (skul-tu-), _adj._, sculptural. =sculpture= (skul-tur), _n.f._, sculpture, carving; carved work. =scutiforme=, _adj._, scutiform, shield-shaped. =scylla=, _n.m._, Scylla. _V._ =charybde=. =scytale=, _n.m._, a species of snake. =scythe=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, Scythian. =se=, =s’=, _pron._, one’s self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; one another, each other. _Il — ruine_; he is ruining himself. _Ils s’aiment_; they love one another. _Cela — peut_; that may be. _Ils — connaissent_; they know each other. _Ils — parlent_; they speak to each other. =séance=, _n.f._, seat (right of sitting); sitting (time of meeting of deliberative assemblies); meeting; sitting (for one’s portrait); recital; lecture. _Avoir —_; to have a seat. _Lever la —_; to close the meeting. _Faire une —_; to sit (at table, at play, etc.). _En —_; sitting, _— tenante_; there and then, forthwith. =séant=, _part._, (jur.) sitting. =séant=, _n.m._, sitting upright. _Être sur son —_, _se mettre sur son —_; to sit up in bed. =séant=, =-e=, _adj._, fitting, seemly, becoming. =seau=, _n.m._, pail, bucket. _Il pleut à —x_; it is raining in torrents. =sébacé=, =-e=, _adj._, sebaceous. =sébeste=, _n.m._, sebesten-plum. =sébestier= (-tié), _n.m._, (bot.) sebesten-plum-tree. =sébifère=, _adj._, (bot.) sebiferous (yielding tallow). =sébile=, _n.f._, small wooden bowl (a receptacle for the powder used to dry ink). =sec=, =sèche=, _adj._, dry, lean, spare; barren; plain; unadorned; cold, unfeeling, sharp; dissatisfied (of looks); (paint.) hard; dried (of fruit, flowers, leaves, fish, &c.); severe (of reprimands). _Des mains sèches_; lean hands. _Un homme —_; a spare, thin man. _Coup —_; sharp stroke. _Avoir le gosier —_; to be very dry. _Il a le pouls —_; his pulse is sharp. _Être à —_; to have no money. _Cœur —_; unfeeling heart. _Mine sèche_; dissatisfied look. _Perte sèche_; dead loss. _— comme un pendu_; as thin as a lath. =sec=, _n.m._, dryness; fodder; dry weather. _A —_; dried up; (nav.) under bare poles; empty, low; drained, exhausted; (fig.) hard up. _À — sur le rivage_; (nav.) high and dry (of ships). _Mettre un étang à —_; to drain a pond; (fig.) to exhaust. _Vaisseau à —_; ship under bare poles. =sec=, _adv._, dryly, sharply. _Boire —_; to drink hard. _Répondre —_; to answer sharply. =sécable=, _adj._, divisible. =sécant=, =-e=, _adj._, (geom.) secant. =sécante=, _n.f._, (geom.) secant. =sécateur=, _n.m._, (gard.) pruning-shears. =sécéder=, _v.n._, to secede. =sécession=, _n.f._, secession. =sécessioniste=, _adj._ and _n.m.f._, secessionist. =séchage=, _n.m._, drying. =sèche= _or_ =seiche=, _n.f._, cuttle-fish. =séchée=, _n.f._, drying. =sèchement= (sèsh-mān), _adv._, dryly; sharply; barrenly, without ornament, plainly. =sécher=, _v.a._, to dry, to dry up, to cure. _se_ =sécher=, _v.r._, to dry one’s self; to dry (of a thing). =sécher=, _v.n._, to dry, to wither, to pine away. _Faire — du linge_; to spread out linen to dry. _— sur pied_; to pine away, to be extremely dejected. =sécheresse= (sè-shrès), _n.f._, dryness; drought; sharpness, barrenness. =sécherie= (sé-shrî), _n.f._, (manu.) drying-house. =séchoir=, _n.m._, (manu.) drying-room; (tech.) dryer. =second=, =-e= (sĕ-gōn, -d), _adv._, second; junior; inferior. _Eau —e_; (chem.) lye-water. _De —e main_; second-hand. _Sans —e_; matchless, peerless. =second= (sĕ-gōn), _n.m._, second, assistant; second story, second floor, second class; fore cabin (in ships). _Il demeure au —_; he lives on the second floor. _En —_; second, second in command; in the second place; in a subordinate capacity; (nav.) mate. _En —e_; in the second class (rail.). =secondaire= (se-gon-dèr), _adj._, secondary, accessory. _Enseignement —_; secondary _or_ higher education. =secondairement= (se-gon-dèr-mān), _adv._, secondarily, accessorily. =seconde= (se-gond), _n.f._, second (of time); second class (in schools); (mus.) second; (print.) revise, second proof. =secondement= (se-gon-dmān), _adv._, secondly, in the second place. =seconder= (se-gon-dé), _v.a._, to second, to assist; to favor, to back, to support; to promote, to forward. =secondine= (se-gon-di-n), _n.f._, (bot.) secundine. _pl._, secundines, after-birth. =sécot=, _adj._, lean, lanky, bony. =secouement=, _n.m._ _V._ =secoûment=. =secouer=, _v.a._, to shake, to shake off; to jolt, to toss; to discard, to rouse; to rate, to handle roughly. _— le tête_; to shake one’s head. _— les oreilles_; to demur, to say nay. _— le joug_; to shake off the yoke. _se_ =secouer=, _v.r._, to shake one’s self; to take exercise; to move about; to exert one’s self. =secoûment= _or_ =secouement=, _n.m._, shaking, jogging, jolting. =secourable=, _adj._, helpful, helping, willing to help; relievable. =secourir=, _v.a._, to succor, to assist, to relieve, to help, to aid; to rescue. =secours=, _n.m._, help, relief, succor, assistance; aid; rescue. _Donner du —_; to render assistance. _Crier au —_; to cry out for help. _Au —!_ help! help! _— à domicile_; outdoor relief. _Société de — mutuels_; benefit society. =secousse=, _n.f._, shake, shock; blow, concussion, toss, tossing, jerk; (fig.) agitation; check. =secr-et=, =-ète=, _adj._, secret, private, hidden, undiscovered, reserved, silent. _Tenir —_; to keep secret. _Escalier —_ or _dérobé_; back-stairs, private staircase. =secret=, _n.m._, secrecy, privacy, mystery; secret; solitary confinement; secret drawer, secret spring. _C’est mon —_; that is not a fair question. _Mettre un prisonnier au —_; to put a prisoner in solitary confinement. _En —_; secretly, privately, in private. _Sous le —_; in secrecy, under the seal of secrecy. _Le — de Polichinelle_; an open secret; no secret at all. _— de deux — de Dieu, — de trois — de tous_; no secret but between two. =secrétaire=, _n.m._, secretary; escritoire; writing-table; (orni.) secretary-bird. _— d’ambassade_; secretary to an embassy. _— d’état_; secretary of state. _Sous — général_; under secretary (of state). =secrétairerie= (-tèr-rî), _n.f._, secretary’s office. =secrétariat=, _n.m._, secretaryship; secretary’s office. =secrète=, _n.f._, (c.rel.) secret prayer. =secrètement= (-krèt-mān), _adv._, secretly, privately, in secret, in private; inwardly. =sécréter=, _v.a._, (physiology) to secrete. =sécréteur=, _adj._, secretory. =sécrétion=, _n.f._, (physiology) secretion. =sécrétoire=, _adj._, secretory, secreting. =sectaire=, _n.m.f._, sectarian. =sectateur=, _n.m._, follower, votary. =secte=, _n.f._, sect. _Faire —_; to form a sect. _Faire — à part_; to differ from most people, to form a separate body. =secteur=, _n.m._, (geom.) sector. =sectile=, _adj._, sectile. =section=, _n.f._, section, division. _— de vote_; polling-station. =sectionnement=, _n.m._, dividing into parts; division. =sectionner=, _v.a._, to divide into parts; to divide. =séculaire=, _adj._, secular, coming once in a century; centenarian; venerable; time-honored, ancient. _Un chêne —_; a venerable oak. =sécularisation=, _n.f._, secularization. =séculariser=, _v.a._, to secularize. =sécularité=, _n.f._, secularity, secular jurisdiction. =séculi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, secular, worldly. _Le bras —_; the secular power. =séculier=, _n.m._, laic, layman. =séculièrement= (-lièr-mān), _adv._, secularly. =secundo= (se-gon-), _adv._, secondly. =sécurité=, _n.f._, security, safety; confidence. =sedan=, _n.m._, Sedan-cloth. =sédanoise= _or_ =parisienne=, _n.f._, (print.) pearl. =sédati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) sedative. =sédatif=, _n.m._, sedative. =sédentaire=, _adj._, sedentary, settled, stationary. =sédiment=, _n.m._, sediment, grounds, dregs, lees. =sédimentaire=, _adj._, sedimentary. =séditieusement= (-si-eûz-mān), _adv._, seditiously. =séditieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, seditious, mutinous, rebellious, riotous. =séditieux=, _n.m._, rebel, mutineer. =sédition=, _n.f._, sedition, mutiny, riot. _Faire une —_; to promote a sedition. _Eteindre une —_; to quash a sedition. =séduct-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, seducer, enticer; seductive, enticing, fascinating; deluding. =séduction=, _n.f._, seduction, enticement; allurement; bribing, subornation. _— de témoins_; bribing of witnesses. _La — des richesses_; the allurements of wealth. =séduire= (séduisant, séduit), _v.a._, to seduce; to charm, to win over; to fascinate, to captivate; to delude, to beguile; to suborn, to bribe; to bewitch. _— des témoins_; to bribe witnesses. =séduisant=, =-e=, _adj._, seductive, seducing; delusive, bewitching, fascinating, tempting. _Offres —es_; tempting offers. =ségétal=, =-e=, _adj._, growing in cornfields. =segment=, _n.m._, (geom.) segment. =segmentaire=, _adj._, segmental. =ségrairie=, _n.f._, woods held in common. =ségrais=, _n.m._, detached wood. =ségrégation=, _n.f._, segregation. =ségrégativement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, separately, segregatively. =seiche=, _n.f._ _V._ =sèche=. =séide=, _n.m._, fanatical partisan; assassin; blind supporter. =seigle=, _n.m._, (bot.) rye. _— ergoté_; spurred rye. _Faux —_; rye-grass. *=seigneur=, _n.m._, lord; the Lord, squire. _Petit —_; lordling. _— suzerain_; lord paramount. _Notre-—_; our Lord. _À tout — tout honneur_; honor to whom honor is due. _En grand —_; in grand style. *=seigneuriage=, _n.m._, seigniorage (duty on coinage). *=seigneurial=, =-e=, _adj._, seigniorial, manorial, lordly. *=seigneurie=, _n.f._, seigniory, lordship; manor. _Votre —_; your lordship. =seime=, _n.f._, (vet.) wire-heel. =sein=, _n.m._, breast, bosom; heart (midst); middle; womb. _Au — de l’église_; in the bosom of the church. _Donner le — à un enfant_; to give a child the breast, to suckle. =seine=, _n.f._, fish-net, seine. _Pêche à la —_; seine-fishing. =seing= (sīn), _n.m._, sign manual, signature. _Blanc —_; signature in blank. _— privé_; private seal. =seize=, _n.m._ and _adj._, sixteen, sixteenth. =seizième=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, sixteenth. =seizièmement=, _adv._, sixteenthly. =séjour=, _n.m._, stay, abode, residence, sojourn; place, regions; continuance; dwelling, habitation; delay. _Permis de —_; permission to reside. =séjourner=, _v.n._, to stay, to sojourn, to dwell, to make a stay, to tarry; to remain, to continue. =sel=, _n.m._, salt; wit; point, humor. _— gris_; bay salt. _De bon —_; properly salted. _À la croque au —_; with salt only. _— gemme_; rock-salt. _— marin_; sea-salt. _Un miton de —_; a peck of salt. _Au gros —_; (fig.) coarse. _Beurre demi —_; salt-butter. _— Anglais_; Epsom salts. _— blanc_; table-salt. _Gros —_; coarse salt. _Couche de —_; bed of salt. _— attique_; Attic wit. _Ils ne mangeront pas un miton de — ensemble_; (prov.) they will soon be at sixes and sevens, _or_ will soon fall out. =sélaciens=, _n.m.pl._, (ich.) cartilaginous fishes. =sélam= _or_ =sélan=, _n.m._, (_—s_) emblematic nosegay (in the East). =sélection=, _n.f._, selection. =sélénieux=, _adj._, (chem.) selenious. =sélénite=, _n.f._, (chem.) selenite. =séléniteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, selenitic. =sélénium= (-om), _n.m._, (chem.) selenium. =sélénographie=, _n.f._, selenography. =sélénographique=, _adj._, selenographical. =sélin=, _n.m._, milk-parsley (bot.). =sellage=, _n.m._, saddling. =selle=, _n.f._, saddle; stool, motion of the bowels; water-closet; washing board. _— de femme_; side-saddle, lady’s saddle. _Cheval de —_; saddle-horse. _Aller à la —_; to go to the stool. _Être toujours en —_; never to be out of the saddle. _— à tous chevaux_; common saddle; commonplace discourse. _La première —_; the best horse in the stable. _— de calfat_; (nav.) calking-box. =seller=, _v.a._, to saddle. _se_ =seller=, _v.r._, (agri.) to harden (as land). =sellerie= (sèl-rî), _n.f._, saddlery, saddle-room. =sellette=, _n.f._, culprits’ seat; (fig.) stool of repentance; bed (of a carriage); shoe-black’s box; collar (of a plow); cradle (of painters); (nav.) calking-box. _Être sur la —_; to be at the bar (of criminals). _Mettre sur la —_; to haul over the coals. _Tenir sur la —_; to cross-question, to heckle, to pump (a person). =sellier=, _n.m._, saddler. =selon=, _prep._, according to, agreeably to, conformably to, pursuant to. _On l’a traité — son mérite_; he was treated according to his deserts. _— moi_; in my opinion. _C’est —_; that depends. =selon que=, _conj._, as, according as. *=semailles=, _n.f.pl._, sowing; seed; sowing-time. =semaine=, _n.f._, week; week’s work; week’s wages; week’s money; week’s pocket-money; week’s allowance. _À la —_; by the week. _Prêter à la petite —_; to lend money (for a short time) at high interest. _— sainte_; Holy Week. _— grasse_; shrove-tide. _Par —_; a week. _La — prochaine_; next week. _La — des quatre jeudis_; when two Sundays come together (_i.e._ never). _Être de —_; to be on duty (for the week). =semainier=, _n.m._, officer, monk, _or_ actor, on duty (for the week); case of seven razors; letter-rack; bangle. =semainière=, _n.f._, nun, _or_ actress, on duty (for the week). =sémaphore=, _n.m._, semaphore, signal-post. =semaque=, _n.f._, fishing-boat, fishing-smack. =semblable=, _adj._, like, alike, not unlike, similar, such. _— à un torrent_; like a torrent. =semblable=, _n.m._, like; fellow, match, equal; fellow-creature, fellow-man. =semblablement=, _adv._, likewise, too, also, in like manner. ☉=semblance=, _n.f._, resemblance, semblance, look, likeness. =semblant=, _n.m._, appearance, semblance, seeming, air, look; pretense, show, sham. _Faux —_; false pretense. _Faire —_; to feign, to pretend, to dissemble, to seem, to appear as if. _Il fait — de ne pas le voir_; he pretends not to see it. _Ne faire — de rien_; to appear to take no notice (of); to feign ignorance (of). _Sans faire — de rien_; looking as if nothing was the matter. =sembler=, _v.n._, to seem, to appear. _Cela me semble ainsi_; it appears so to me. _Il semble_; it seems, it appears, it would appear. _Il me semble que je le vois_; I think, _or_ I fancy, I see him. _Il lui semble que_; he fancies that. _Que vous en semble?_ what do you think of it? _Il lui semble que cela n’est rien_; he thinks it is nothing. _Si bon lui semble_; if he thinks fit. _C’est ce qui me semble_; precisely as I thought. _Il semble que ce soit_; it seems that it is. _Il me semble que c’est_; it seems to me that it is. =semé=, =-e=, _part._, sowed, sown; strewn (with); interspersed (with); (her.) aspersed. _— d’étoiles_; bespangled with stars. _— de fleurs_; strewn with flowers. =séméiologie=, _n.f._, semeiology. =séméiotique=, _n.f._, semeiotics. =semelle=, _n.f._, sole (of boots, shoes); foot (of stockings); length of a foot; (carp.) sleeper; dormant-tree; shoe (of an anchor). _— simple_; single sole. _Battre la —_; to pad the hoof, to tramp; to warm one’s feet, _or_ trudge about. _Reculer d’une —_; to give way a foot. _Ne pas rompre d’une —_; not to draw back a step; not to give way an inch. _Rompre la —_; (fencing) to retire in parrying. _— de dérive_; (nav.) lee-board. =semence=, _n.f._, seed; seeds; saving; fine sprigs (small nails, tin tacks); (fig.) cause. _— de perles_; seed-pearl. _— d’un procès_; cause of a lawsuit. _— de diamant_; diamond-sparks. =semencine=, _n.f._, (pharm.) one of the three kinds of wormwood. =semen-contra= (sé-mè-n-), _n.m._, (_n.p._) (pharm.) semen-contra, worm-seed. =semé=, =-e=, _part._, _adj._, sown, strewn, interspersed. =semer=, _v.a._, to sow, to scatter; to spread; to strew, to sprinkle, to disseminate. _— du blé_; to sow wheat. _— de l’argent_; to scatter money. _— la discorde_; to sow discord. _— la terreur_; to spread terror. _— des fleurs_; to strew flowers. _Il faut — pour recueillir_; one must sow first to reap afterwards. _Se —_; to be sowed. =semestre= (-mès-), _n.m._, half-year; six months; half-year’s duty, half-year’s income; (milit.) six months’ furlough. _Entrer en —_; to enter upon a six months’ duty. _Congé de —_; six months’ furlough. _Par —_; half-yearly. =semestriel=, =-le= (-mès-), _adj._, half-yearly. =semestrier=, (-mès-), _n.m._, (milit.) soldier absent on a six months’ furlough. =semeur=, _n.m._, seedsman, sower; disseminator, spreader. =semi=, _adj. invariable_, semi, demi, half. =semi-arien=, =-ne=, _adj._ and _n._, (_—-—s_) Semi-Arian. =semi-circulaire=, _adj._, semicircular. =semi-double=, _adj._, semi-double. =semi-flosculeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (bot.) semi-flosculous. =semi-hebdomadaire=, _adj._, semi-weekly. =semillance=, _n.f._, sprightliness, liveliness. *=sémillant=, =-e=, _adj._, brisk, lively, frisky, sprightly. =sémiller=, _v.n._, to be sprightly _or_ lively; to be brisk. =semi-lunaire=, _adj._, semi-lunar. =semi-mensuel=, =-le=, _adj._, fortnightly. =séminaire=, _n.m._, seminary, clerical college; school. =séminal=, =-e=, _adj._, seminal. =séminariste=, _n.m._, seminarist. =sémination=, _n.f._, semination. =semi-périodique=, _adj._, semi-periodic. =semi-preuve=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) imperfect proof, beginning of a proof. =semis=, _n.m._, seed-plot, seedling. =sémitique=, _adj._, Semitic. =semi-ton=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (mus.) semitone. =semoir=, _n.m._, (agri.) seed-lip; drill-machine, corn-drill. =semonce=, _n.f._, rebuke, reprimand, lecture; call, summons. =semoncer=, _v.a._, to reprimand, to lecture, to summon, to call. =semoule=, _n.f._, semolina. =semper-virens= (sin-pèr-vi-rīns), _n.m._, _adj._, (_—_) (bot.) coral honeysuckle; evergreen. =sempiternel=, =-le= (sin-), _adj._, sempiternal, everlasting. =sénat=, _n.m._, senate; senate-house. =sénateur=, _n.m._, senator. =sénatorerie=, _n.f._, senatorship. =sénatorial=, =-e=, _adj._, senatorial. =sénatorien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, senatorial, senatorian. =sénatrice=, _n.f._, senator’s lady. =sénatus-consulte= (-tus-), _n.m._, (_—-—s_) senatus-consultum; decree (of a senator). =senau=, _n.m._, (nav.) snow (sort of vessel). _Voile de —_; try-sail. =séné=, _n.m._, senna. =sénéchal=, _n.m._, seneschal. _Grand —_; high seneschal. =sénéchale=, _n.f._, seneschal’s wife. =sénéchaussée=, _n.f._, seneschal’s jurisdiction; seneschal’s court. =seneçon= (sè-n-son), _n.m._, (bot.) groundsel. =senegrain=, =senègre=, _or_ =senegré=, _n.m._, (bot.) fenugreek. =senelle=, _n.f._ _V._ =cenelle=. =sénestre=, _adj._, ☉left; (her.) sinister. =sénevé= (sé-n-vé), _n.m._, (bot.) charlock, black mustard. ☉=sénieur=, _n.m._, senior. =sénile=, _adj._, senile, old. =sénilité=, _n.f._, senility, old age. =senne=, _n.f._ _V._ =seine=. =sens= (sānss), _n.m._, sense, senses, feelings, passions; understanding, judgment; intellect; reason, intelligence; opinion, sentiment; wits, reason, judgment; meaning, import; way, direction. _Reprendre ses —_; to come to one’s senses, to come to. _Bon —_; good sense. _— commun_; common-sense. _— propre_; proper meaning. _— figuré_; figurative sense. _— intime_; consciousness. _À double —_; with double meaning. _A mon —_; in my opinion. _Dans tous les —_; in all directions, to and fro. _En tous —_; in every direction. _N’avoir pas le — commun_; to be preposterous, absurd. _Tomber sous le —_; to be obvious, self-evident. _À contre —_; wrong way, in a wrong sense. _— devant derrière_; hind part foremost; wrong side first. _Ce mot a deux —_; that word has two meanings. _Il abonde en son —_; he is wedded to his opinion. _J’abonde dans votre —_; I am of your opinion. _— dessus dessous_; upside down, topsy-turvy. _Être dans son bon —_; to be in one’s right senses. _Mettre quelqu’un hors de son bon —_; to drive any one out of his senses. _En — inverse_; in a contrary direction. =sensation=, _n.f._, sensation, feeling. _Faire —_; to cause a sensation. _À —_; sensational. =sensé=, =-e=, _adj._, sensible, intelligent, reasonable. =sensément=, _adv._, sensibly, judiciously. =sensibilité=, _n.f._, sensibility, sensitiveness, feeling, delicacy; tenderness, soreness; tender-heartedness. =sensible=, _adj._, sensible; perceptible, obvious, palpable, evident; feeling, sensitive; visible (horizon); tender, sore (of flesh). _Il se montra — à ma douleur_; he seemed moved by my sorrow. _C’est son endroit —_; that’s his sensitive part. _Note —_; (mus.) leading note. =sensible=, _n.f._, (mus.) leading note. =sensiblement=, _adv._, sensibly, feelingly, keenly; vividly, deeply, obviously, perceptibly, greatly, visibly, considerably, much. =sensiblerie=, _n.f._, sentimentality. =sensiti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, sensitive. =sensitive=, _n.f._, (bot.) sensitive plant. =sensorial=, _adj._, (physiol.) sensorial. =sensorium= (-om), _n.m._, sensorium. =sensualisme=, _n.m._, sensualism. =sensualiste=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, sensualist; sensual. =sensualité=, _n.f._, sensuality. =sensuel=, =-le=, _n._ and _adj._, sensualist; sensual, voluptuous. =sensuellement= (-èl-mān), _adv._, sensually. ☉=sente=, _n.f._ _V._ =sentier=. =sentence=, _n.f._, sentence; maxim; judgment; decree, decision, verdict. ☉=sentencié=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, convict. ☉=sentencier=, _v.a._, (criminal law) to condemn, to pass sentence, to sentence. =sentencieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, sententiously. =sentencieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, sententious. =sentène=, _n.f._, thread of a skein. _V._ =centaine=. =senteur=, _n.f._, scent, fragrance, perfume, odor, smell. _Pois de —_; sweet pea. =senti=, =-e=, _part._ and _adj._, felt, experienced, perceived. _Bien —_, _vivement —_; heartfelt, deeply felt; (fig.) expressive, impressive, well expressed. =sentier= (-tié), _n.m._, path, foot-path, pathway, by-way; lane, track; balk (in a plowed field). _— battu_; beaten track. =sentiment=, _n.m._, feeling, sensation; sentiment; perception; sense, consciousness, sensibility; opinion. _Avoir le — de_; to be conscious of. _Juger par —_; to judge from feeling. _— d’amour_; feeling of love. _Selon mon —_; in my opinion. _Faire des —_; to be sentimental. =sentimental=, =-e=, _adj._, sentimental. =sentimentalement=, _adv._, sentimentally. =sentimentalité=, _n.f._, sentimentality. =sentine=, _n.f._, (nav.) well-room (of a ship); (fig.) sink of vice. =sentinelle=, _n.f._, sentinel, sentry. _— perdue_; forlorn sentinel. _Faire —_; to keep sentry, to mount guard, to be on the watch. =sentir= (sentant, senti), _v.a._, to feel, to be sensible of, to have a sense of; to smell, to scent; to taste, to have a taste of, to savor; to look like, to perceive, to experience, to foresee, to guess, to know. _Cette carpe sent la bourbe_; this carp tastes of the mud. _Faire — quelque chose à quelqu’un_; to impress any one with a sense of any thing, to bring home to. _Il sent les choses de loin_; he foresees things from afar. _Se faire —_; to make itself felt. _se_ =sentir=, _v.r._, to feel one’s self, to know one’s self, to be sensible; to be conscious, to feel the effects of; to be visible _or_ perceived; to feel within one’s self. _Il se sentait mourir_; he felt himself dying. _Il ne se sent pas de froid_; he is quite benumbed with cold. _Ne pas se — de joie_; to be beside one’s self with joy; to be in raptures. _Il se sent bien_; he knows himself very well. =sentir=, _v.n._, to feel; to smell, to have an odor; to have a bad smell. _— bon_; to smell nice. _— mauvais_; to smell bad. _Cette viande commence à —_; this meat is beginning to be tainted. _Cela ne sent pas bon_; (fig.) I don’t like the look of it. =seoir= (soâr), _v.n._, to suit, to become, to fit. _Il vous sied mal_, or _il ne vous sied pas_, (_de_); it ill becomes you to. =seoir= (soâr), _v.n._, (l.u.) to sit, to be sitting. =séparable=, _adj._, separable. =séparation=, _n.f._, separation, severing; parting; partition. _— de biens_; separate estate, separate maintenance. _— de corps et de biens_; divorce _a mensâ et thoro_, _or_ judicial separation. _Mur de —_; partition wall. =séparatiste=, _n.m._, separatist, secessionist. _adj._, seceding. =séparément=, _adv._, separately; disjunctively; apart, asunder. =séparer=, _v.a._, to separate, to sever, to disunite, to divide, to part, to set apart, to drive asunder, to disjoin, to divorce; to disconnect, to cut off. _— le bon grain d’avec le mauvais_; to separate the good seed from the bad. _— les cheveux sur le front_; to part the hair on the forehead. _— deux hommes qui se battent_; to part two men fighting. _se_ =séparer=, _v.r._, to separate, to sever, to part, to part company (with); to secede, to divide; to break up (of assemblies); to come off. _Il n’y a si bonne compagnie qui ne se sépare_; the best friends must part at last. =sépia=, _n.f._, sepia. _À la —_; in sepia. =seps= (sèps), _n.m._, (erpetology) seps. =sept= (sèt), _n.m._ and _adj._, seven, seventh. =septain=, _n.m._, seven-lined stanza. ☉=septante= (sèp-), _adj._, seventy. _Version des —s_; septuagint. =septembre= (sèp-), _n.m._, September. =septembriseur= (sèp-), _n.m._, (French hist.) septembrist, agent of the massacres of September, 1792. =septénaire= (sèp-), _n.m._ and _adj._, septenary. =septennal=, =-e= (sèp-tè-n-nal), _adj._, septennial. =septennalité= (sèp-tè-n-na-), _n.f._, seven years’ duration. =septentrion= (sèp-), _n.m._, North; (astron.) Lesser Bear. =septentrional=, =-e= (sèp-), _adj._, North, Northern. =septidi= (sèp-), _n.m._, septidi, the seventh day of the decade of the calendar of the first French republic. =septième= (sè-tièm), _n.m.f._ and _adj._, seventh; seventh day. _Elève de —_; seventh form boy (in France); lowest-class boy (in America). =septième= (sĕ-tièm), _n.f._, sequence of seven cards; (mus.) seventh; (piquet) septieme. =septièmement= (sè-tièm-mān), _adv._, seventhly. =septier= (se-tié), _n.m._ _V._ =setier=. =septillion= (sèp-), _n.m._, (arith.) one quadrillion. =septimo= (sèp-), _adv._, seventhly, in the seventh place. =septique= (sèp-), _adj._, (med.) septical, septic. =septuagénaire= (sèp-), _n.m.f._ and _adj._, septuagenarian. =septuagésime= (sèp-), _n.f._, septuagesima. =septuor= (sèp-), _n.m._ (_—_), (mus.) a piece for seven voices, _or_ seven instruments. =septuple= (sèp-), _n.m._ and _adj._, septuple, sevenfold. =septupler= (sèp-), _v.a._, to increase sevenfold. =sépulcral=, =-e=, _adj._, sepulchral, cadaverous. =sépulcre=, _n.m._, sepulchre, tomb, grave. =sépulture=, _n.f._, burial, sepulture, interment, vault (tomb). _La — ecclésiastique_; Christian burial. _Privé de —_; left unburied. _Donner la —_; to bury, to inter. =séquelle=, _n.f._, (fam.) gang, crew (of persons); set, host (of things). =séquence=, _n.f._, sequence (at cards); (c.rel.) sequence. =séquestration=, _n.f._, sequestration. =séquestre=, _n.m._, sequestration; sequestrator; deposit, depository. _Mettre en —_; to sequester. =séquestré=, =-e=, _adj._, sequestered, solitary, lonely, retired. =séquestrer=, _v.a._, to sequester; to put away. _se_ =séquestrer=, _v.r._, to sequester one’s self. =séquin=, _n.m._, sequin (gold coin). *=sérail=, _n.m._, seraglio. =séran=, _n.m._, hatchel, flax comb. =sérançage=, _n.m._, hatcheling. =sérancer=, _v.a._, to hatchel, to dress (flax). =séranceur=, _n.m._, hatcheler, flax _or_ hemp-dresser. =sérançoir=, _n.m._, hatchel, flax-comb. =sérancolin=, _n.m._, Serancolin marble. =séraphin=, _n.m._, seraph. =séraphique=, _adj._, seraphic. =sérasquier=, _n.m._, seraskier, pacha (commanding the troops of a province). =serbocal=, _n.m._, small glass cylinder. =serein=, _n.m._, night-dew, evening-damp. =serein= (sĕ-rīn), =-e=, (sĕ-rè-n), _adj._, serene, placid, calm; happy. =sérénade=, _n.f._, serenade. _Donner une — à_; to serenade. =sérénissime=, _adj._, most serene (title). =sérénité=, _n.f._, serenity, calmness; placidness; equanimity. _Avec —_; serenely, calmly. =séreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) serous, watery. =ser-f= (sèrf), =-ve= (sèrv), _n._ and _adj._, serf; in bondage, of serfs. =serfouette= (sèr-), _n.f._, hoe. =serfouir= (sèr-), _v.a._, to hoe. =serfouissage= (sèr-), _n.m._, (gard.) hoeing. =serge= (sèrj), _n.f._, serge. =sergent= (sèr-), _n.m._, sergeant; (joiner’s tool) cramp. _— d’armes_; sergeant-at-arms. _— de ville_; policeman, constable. ☉=sergenter= (sèr-), _v.a._, to dun; to plague, to bore. ☉=sergenterie= (sèr-jan-tri), _n.f._, sergeantship. =serger= _or_ =sergier= (sèr-), _n.m._, serge-weaver. =sergerie= (sèr-), _n.f._, serge-manufactory, serge-trade. =séricicole=, _adj._, silk-producing. =sériciculteur=, _n.m._, silk-grower. =sériciculture=, _n.f._, silk culture, silk husbandry. =série=, _n.f._, series. =sérieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, seriously, gravely, in earnest; for good; coolly, coldly. =sérieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, serious, grave, staid; earnest, real, true, solid, substantial; said, _or_ meant, in earnest. _Mine —se_; serious look. =sérieux=, _n.m._, seriousness, importance, gravity, earnestness; (thea.) serious business, serious side, serious part. _Garder son —_; to preserve one’s gravity, to keep one’s countenance. _Prendre son —_; to grow serious, to begin to look grave. _Au —_; in earnest, seriously. _Reprendre son —_; to recover one’s gravity. =serin= (sĕ-rīn), _n.m._, =-e= (sĕ-ri-n), _n.f._, canary, canary-bird; (fig.) muff, flat, fool. =serinage=, _n.m._, cramming, grinding (of pupils). =seriner= (sĕ-), _v.a._, to teach with the bird-organ. _— un oiseau_; to teach a bird with the bird-organ; (fig.) to coach, to cram. =serinette= (sĕ-), _n.f._, bird-organ; singer of no power. =seringa= (sĕ-), _n.m._, (bot.) syringa. =seringue= (sĕ-rīngh), _n.f._, syringe, squirt. =seringuer= (sĕ-rīn-ghé), _v.a._, to syringe, to squirt, to inject, to flash. _— un vaisseau_; (nav.) to rake a ship. =serment= (sèr-), _n.m._, oath, promise, solemn declaration. _pl._, swearing. _Faux —_; false oath. _Prêter —_; to take an oath, to be sworn. _Rompre son —_, _manquer à son —_; to break one’s oath. _Sous la foi du —_; upon oath. _Faire prêter — à_; to swear in any one, to put any one on his oath. ☉=sermente=, =-e= (sèr-), _adj._ _V._ =assermenté=. =sermon= (sèr-), _n.m._, sermon; lecture, admonition. =sermonnaire= (sèr-), _n.m._ and _adj._, collection of sermons; author of sermons; adapted to sermons. =sermonner= (sèr-), _v.a._, (b.s.) to sermonize, to preach, to lecture. =sermonneur= (sèr-), _n.m._, (b.s.) sermonizer, preacher, lecturer. =sérosité=, _n.f._, serosity, wateriness. =serpe= (sèrp), _n.f._, bill, bill-hook, hedge-bill, pruning-bill. _C’est fait à la —_; it is done in a bungling way. =serpent= (sèr-), _n.m._, serpent, snake, adder; (mus.) serpent, serpent player. _— à sonnettes_; rattlesnake. _Œil-de-—_, (_—s-—_) (jewel) serpent’s-eye. _Langue-de-—_, (_—s-—_) (bot.) serpent’s-tongue. =serpentaire= (sèr-), _n.f._, (bot.) serpentaria, snake-root; dragon’s-wort. =serpentaire= (sèr-), _n.m._, (astron.) Serpentarius; (orni.) serpent-eater. =serpente= (sèr-), _n.f._, silver-paper, tissue-paper. =serpenteau= (sèr-), _n.m._, young serpent; (firework) serpent, squib. =serpenter= (sèr-), _v.n._, to meander, to wind, to twine. =serpentin=, =-e= (sèr-), _adj._, serpentine (of marble; of a horse’s tongue). =serpentin= (sèr-), _n.m._, winding-pipe, worm (of a still). =serpentine= (sèr-), _n.f._, serpentine-stone; serpentine-marble; (bot.) ophioxylon, snake-wood. =serpette= (sèr-), _n.f._, pruning-knife, garden-knife. =serpigineu-x=, =-se= (sèr-), _adj._, (med.) serpiginous. *=serpillère= (ser-), _n.f._, packing-cloth; (coarse) apron, canvas. =serpolet= (sèr-), _n.m._, (bot.) wild thyme. =serrage=, _n.m._, tightening, pressing. =serraté=, =-e=, _adj._, serrate, serrated. =serratiforme=, _adj._, saw-shaped. =serratule= (sèr-ra-), _n.f._, (bot.) serratula, saw-wort. =serre= (sèr-), _n.f._, greenhouse; conservatory; talon, claw (of birds); pressure, squeeze (of fruit); grasp, grip, clutch, hand. _— chaude_; hot-house. _— à raisin_; vinery. _— à ananas_; pinery. _Avoir la — bonne_; to have a strong grasp, grip, _or_ hand. =serré=, =-e= (sè-ré), _part._, close, serried, compact, tight, fast; crowded; close-fisted, covetous; (bot.) serrate, serrated; small (of writing); concise, terse (of style). _Un nœud —_; a tight knot. _Drap bien —_; close-woven cloth. _Avoir le cœur —_; to be oppressed with grief. =serré= (sè-ré), _adv._, very much; hard (of freezing); impudently (of lying). _Jouer —_; to play prudently. =serre-bosse= (sèr-), _n.f._, (_—_) (nav.) shank-painter. =serre-étoupe= (sèr-), _n.m._, (_—_) stuffing-box. =serre-file= (sèr-), _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (milit.) bringer up, last man; (nav.) sternmost vessel. =serre-frein= (sèr-), _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (rail.) brake-man. =serrement= (sèr-mān), _n.m._, pressing, clasping; squeeze, squeezing. _— de cœur_; anguish of heart; pang. _— de main_; hand-squeeze. =serrément= (sè-ré-), _adv._, niggardly, closely. =serre-nez= (sèr-), _n.m._, (_—_) (man.) twitch. =serre-nœud= (sèr-), _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (surg.) ligature-tightener. =serre-papiers= (sèr-), _n.m._, (_—_) paper-holder, set of pigeon-holes for papers. =serrer= (sè-ré), _v.a._, to press, to press closely; to tighten, to squeeze, to grasp, to grip, to wring; to crowd, to condense, to put close together; to press, to push hard; to tie (a knot); (print.) to lock, to lock up; to oppress (the heart); (milit.) to close (the ranks); to clinch (one’s fist, one’s teeth); to put away; to clasp, to draw close, to hug (the coast). _— la main à quelqu’un_; to shake any one by the hand, to shake hands with any one. _— un nœud_; to tighten a knot. _— le bouton à quelqu’un_; to urge any one on. _— les pouces à quelqu’un_; to force any one to do a thing; to bring pressure to bear upon. _Cela serre le cœur_; it is a heart-rending sight. _— les rangs_; (milit.) to close the ranks. _Serrez les rangs!_ close up! _— son écriture_; to write close. _— les dents_; to clench one’s teeth. _— le poing_; to clench one’s fist. _— la forme_; (print.) to lock up the form. _— la muraille_; to pass close to, _or_ to skirt, the wall. _— de près_; to press hard. _— les voiles_; to take in the sails. _— le vent_; to haul close to the wind; to work to windward. _Serrez vos livres_; put your books away. _— les blés_; to house the corn. _— des vêtements_; to put away clothes. _— la bride_; to pull in the bridle; to pull up. _se_ =serrer= (sè-ré), _v.r._, to press each other close; to sit close, to lie close; to stand close; to crowd; to tighten one’s self; to pinch, _or_ stint, one’s self. =serre-tête= (sèr-), _n.m._, (_—_) head-band; night-cap; bathing-cap. =serrette= (sè-rèt) _or_ =sarrette=, _n.f._, (bot.) serratula, saw-wort. =serron= (sè-), _n.m._, seroon. =serrure= (sè-rur), _n.f._, lock. _— de sûreté_; safety lock. _Crocheter une —_; to pick a lock. =serrurerie= (sè-rur-rî), _n.f._, locksmith’s trade, locksmith’s work. =serrurier= (sè-), _n.m._, locksmith. =sertir= (sèr-), _v.a._, to set a stone (in a bezel). =sertissure= (sèr-), _n.f._, setting (in a bezel). =sérum= (-rom), _n.m._, serum. =servage= (sèr-), _n.m._, servitude, bondage, serfdom. =serval= (sèr-), _n.m._, (mam.) tiger-cat. =servant= (sèr-), _adj._, serving, in waiting; lay (brother). =servant= (sèr-), _n.m._, (artil.) gunner, artillery-man. =servante= (sèr-), _n.f._, servant-maid, maid-servant; servant-girl; dumb-waiter, dinner-wagon; (print.) frisket-stand. =serve=, _n.f._, female serf. =serveur=, _n.m._, bowler (at cricket). =serviable= (sèr-), _adj._, serviceable, willing to do a service, obliging. =service= (sèr-), _n.m._, service; duty, attendance; office, function; divine service; set (collection); course (of dishes at meals). _Se mettre en —_; (of servants) to go into service. _Être au — de_; to be in the service of. _Au —_; in the army, in the service. _Qu’y a-t-il pour votre —?_ what can I do for you? _Il a trente ans de —_; he has served thirty years. _Être de —_; to be on duty. _Hors de —_; out of use, unfit for use. _Faire le —_; to perform the duty, _or_ work, of; to do duty, _or_ officiate, at; (of coaches) to ply between. _Se mettre en —_; to go into service. =serviette= (sèr-), _n.f._, napkin, towel. _Rond de —_; napkin ring. _— de dessert_; doily. _— de toilette_; bedroom towel. =servile= (sèr-), _adj._, servile, menial; slavish, cringing; mean. =servilement= (sèr-vil-mān), _adv._, servilely, slavishly, meanly. =servilité= (sèr-), _n.f._, servility, servileness, slavishness, meanness, cringing. =servir= (sèr-), (servant, servi), _v.a._, to serve, to wait on, to attend; to serve up; to help to, to be serviceable, to be of service; to assist; to be of use; to help; (fin.) to pay (interest); to supply (with goods); (c.rel.) to assist the priest (at mass). _— à table_; to wait at table. _Madame est servie_; dinner is served _or_ is ready. _Pour vous —_; at your service; with your leave. _se_ =servir= (sèr-), _v.r._, to serve one’s self, to be served, to be served up (of dishes). _Se — de_; to use, to employ, to make use of; to avail one’s self of. _Servez-vous_; help yourself. =servir= (sèr-), _v.n._, to serve, to be of use, to serve up, to bring in dinner _or_ supper; to be employed, to be conducive. _On a servi_; dinner is on the table. _— sur mer_, _sur terre_; to serve in the navy, in the army. _— de_; to serve as, to do the office of. _Cela ne sert à rien_; that is of no use. _Cela sert à plusieurs choses_; that is used for several purposes. _À quoi sert-il de?_ of what use is it to? _Il ne sert à rien de_; it is of no use to. _Il ne sert à rien de s’emporter_; it is of no use flying into a passion. _Cela sert de pain_; that does instead of bread. _Il m’a servi de père_; he has been as a father to me. _Cela ne sert de rien_; that is of no avail. _Se faire —_; to be waited upon. =serviteur= (sèr-), _n.m._, servant, man-servant. _— de l’Etat_; servant of the State. _Votre —!_ your servant; I beg to be excused; excuse me. =servitude= (sèr-), _n.f._, servitude, slavery. =ses= (sè), _adj.pl._, his, her, its, one’s. _V._ =son=. =sésame=, _n.m._, (bot.) sesame, sesamum. _— ouvre-toi!_ open, sesame! =sésamoïde=, _adj.m._, (anat.) sesamoid. =séséli=, _n.m._, (bot.) seseli. =sesquialtère= (sès-kui-), _adj._, (math.) sesquilateral. =sessile= (sès-sil), _adj._, sessile. =session= (sè-), _n.f._, session, sitting; term (of law courts _or_ universities). =sesterce= (sès-), _n.m._, (Rom, antiq.) sesterce. =sétacé=, =-e=, _adj._, setaceous, bristle-shaped. =séthim= (-tim), _n.m._, (bot.) shittim. ☉=setier= (sĕ-tié), _n.m._, an obsolete measure, pint. =sétifère=, _adj._, bristle-bearing, setiferous. =sétiforme=, _adj._, bristle-shaped. =sétigère=, _adj._, (bot.) setigerous, bristly. =séton=, _n.m._, seton. *=seuil=, _n.m._, threshold (of a door); sill. =seul=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, one; alone, by one’s self; single; mere, only, sole. _Tout —_; all alone. _Un — homme_; one man, a single man, one man only. _Un homme —_; a lonely man, a man by himself. =seulement= (seul-mān), _adv._, only, but, solely, merely. _Un mot —_; but one word. =seulet=, =-te=, _adj._, (l.u.) alone, by one’s self, all alone. =sève=, _n.f._, sap; pith; vigor, strength. _Cet arbre est en —_; the sap of that tree is rising. =sévère=, _adj._, severe, stern, harsh, hard, rigid, strict; austere; noble and regular, correct, pure. _Un juge —_; a stern judge. =sévèrement= (-vèr-mān), _adv._, severely, harshly; sternly; strictly; purely, correctly. =sévérité=, _n.f._, severity, rigidness, strictness, sternness; austerity; purity, correctness. _User de — envers quelqu’un_; to use any one unkindly. =séveu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (bot.) sappy; (fig.) pithy, vigorous, strong. =sévices=, _n.m.pl._, (jur.) cruelty, assault. =sévir=, _v.n._, (=contre=) to use with rigor, to be severe; to deal rigorously with; to rage (of war, etc.). =sevrage= (sĕ-), _n.m._, weaning. =sevrer= (sĕ-), _v.a._, to wean, to deprive (of). =sèvres=, _n.m._, Sèvres porcelain. =sevreuse= (sĕ-), _n.f._, dry nurse. =sexagénaire= (sèg-za-), _n.m.f._, and _adj._, sexagenarian. =sexagésimal= (sèg-za-), _adj._, (math.) sexagesimal. =sexagésime= (sèg-za-), _n.f._, Sexagesima. =sexangulaire= (sèk-sān-), _adj._, sexangular. =sex-digitaire= (sèks-), _n.m.f._ and _adj._, (_—-—s_) six-fingered person; six-fingered. =sex-digital=, =-e= (sèks-), _adj._, six-fingered; six-toed. =sexe= (sèks), _n.m._, sex; fair sex; womankind. _Le beau —_; the fair sex. =sexennal=, =-e= (sèk-sè-n-nal), _adj._, sexennial. =sextant= (sèks-), _n.m._, sextant. =sexte= (sèkst), _n.f._, (c.rel.) sixth canonical hour; sixth; the sixth book of Pope Boniface VIII.’s Decretals. =sextidi= (sèks-), _n.m._, sextidi, sixth day of the decade of the calendar of the first French republic. =sextil=, =-e= (sèks-), _adj._ _Aspect —_; (astrol.) sextile. =sextillion= (sèks-), _n.m._, (arith.) one thousand trillions. =sexto=, _adv._, sixthly, in the sixth place. =sextule= (sèks-), _n.m._, apothecaries’ weight, about 65 grains. =sextuor= (sèks-), _n.m._, (_—_) (mus.) sextet. =sextuple= (sèks-), _n.m._ and _adj._, sextuple, sixfold. =sextupler= (sèks-), _v.a._, to increase sixfold. =sexualité= (sèk-sua-), _n.f._, sexuality. =sexuel=, =-le= (sèk-su-èl), _adj._, sexual. =sgraffite=, _n.m._ _V._ =graffite=. =shako= (sha-), _n.m._, (milit.) shako. =shall=, _n.m._ _V._ =châle=. =sheling=, _n.m._ _V._ =schelling=. =shérif= (shérif), _n.m._, sheriff. =si=, _conj._, if; whether; ☉nevertheless. _— vous le faites_; if you do it. _— je l’avais vu_; had I seen it. _S’il vient_; if he comes. _S’ils veulent_; if they like. _— bien que_; so that. _— ce n’est que_; unless, except. _— ... que_, however. =si=, _adv._, so, so much; however; yes. _N’allez pas — vite_; do not go so fast. _— petit qu’il soit_; however small he is, small as he is. _Je dis que —_; I say yes. _Je gage que —_; I bet that it is so. _— fait vraiment_; yes indeed, oh yes; excuse me. _Vous ne l’avez pas vu. —, je l’ai vu_; you have not seen it. Yes, I have. _Il n’y a pas de — qui fasse_; there is no excuse for it. _Avec un — on mettrait Paris dans une bouteille_; if wishes were horses, beggars would ride, _or_ such suppositions are idle. _Oh! que —_; oh! yes, I would; isn’t he, though! =si=, _n.m._, (mus.) B, si. =sialagogue=, _n.m._, (med.) sialogogue. =sialisme=, _n.m._, (med.) ptyalism. =siamois=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Siamese. =siamoise=, _n.f._, Siam cotton. =sibarite=, _n.m._ _V._ =sybarite=. =sibilant=, =-e=, _adj._, hissing, sibilant. =sibylle=, _n.f._, sibyl. =sibyllin=, _adj._, sibylline. =sic=, _adv._, (Lat.) sic, thus. =sicaire=, _n.m._, hired assassin. =siccati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, siccative. =siccatif=, _n.m._, siccative, dessicative, drying. =siccité= (sik-si-), _n.f._, siccity, dryness. =sicilien=, =-ne= (-in, -èn), _n._ and _adj._, Sicilian. =sicilique=, _n.m._, apothecaries’ weight, about 97¾ grains. =sicle=, _n.m._, shekel. =sicomore=, _n.f._ _V._ =sycomore=. =sidéral=, =-e=, _adj._, sideral, sidereal. =sidéritis=, _n.m._ _V._ =crapaudine=. =sidéroxylon=, _n.m._, iron wood. =siècle=, _n.m._, century, hundred years; age, time; world; period. _Les mœurs de notre —_; the manners of our age. _Il y a un — qu’on ne vous a vu_; we have not seen you for an age. _A tous les —s_, _aux —s des —s_, _dans tous les —s des —s_; for ever and ever, in all times, in all ages. =siège=, _n.m._, seat, coach-box; bench (of a court of justice); bishopric, see; dickey (of a carriage); (milit.) siege; offices. _En état de —_; in a state of siege; under martial law. _Equipage de —_; siege-train. _Pièce de —_; siege gun. _Mettre le — devant_; to lay siege to. _Le — d’un cocher_; a coachman’s box. _Le saint-—_; the holy see. _Le — d’une société_; the office of any society. _Lever le —_; to raise the siege. =siéger=, _v.n._, to hold one’s see (of bishops); to sit (of assemblies or courts); to be seated (fig.); to lie, to reside (of a thing). =sien=, =-ne= (si-īn, si-è-n), _pron._, his, hers, its; one’s own. _Mon père et le sien_; my father and his, hers. _Ma sœur et la sienne_; my sister and his, hers. =sien=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, one’s own property; his own, her own, one’s own. _Chacun le — n’est pas trop_; let each have his own and all is fair. _Faire des —nes_; to play pranks. _Les —s_; one’s people, relations and friends. _À chacun le —_; to each his own. =sienne= (=terre de=), _n.f._, sienna earth, sienna. =sieste=, _n.f._, siesta, afternoon nap. _Faire la —_; to take one’s afternoon’s nap. =sieur=, _n.m._, (jur.) mister, Mr., the said. =sifflable=, _adj._, that deserves to be hissed. =sifflage=, _n.m._, wheezing (of lungs). =sifflant=, =-e=, _adj._, hissing, whistling; sibilant; wheezing. =sifflement=, _n.m._, whistling, whistle; hissing, hiss; whiz, whizzing (of the wind, an arrow, etc.); wheezing. =siffler=, _v.n._, to whistle, to hiss, to whiz; to wheeze. =siffler=, _v.a._, to whistle; to hiss at; to sing (of birds); to prompt. _— quelqu’un_; to prompt any one. _— une pièce_; to hiss a piece. _— un acteur_; to hiss an actor. =sifflerie=, _n.m._, hissing. =sifflet=, _n.m._, whistle, catcall; windpipe; (nav.) boatswain’s call. _Un coup de —_; a whistle, a signal. _Couper le — à quelqu’un_; (triv.) to cut any one’s throat; to shut up, or silence, any one. =siffleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, whistler, hisser, singer. =siffleur=, _n.m._, (orni.) wood-wren; piping bull-finch. =siffleu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, whistling, piping (of birds); that wheezes (of horses). _n.m._, _un —_; (of horses) a roarer. =sigillé=, =-e= (-jil-lé), _adj._, sigillated. _Terre —e_; bole. =sigisbée=, _n.m._, cicisbeo, lover. =sigisbéisme=, _n.m._, cicisbeism. =sigmoïde=, _adj._, (anat.) sigmoid, sigmoidal. *=signal=, _n.m._, signal; word. *=signalé=, =-e=, _adj._, signalized; signal; remarkable, conspicuous. *=signalement=, _n.m._, description (of a man). *=signaler=, _v.a._, to give the description of; to point out, to mention, to notice; to mark out; to give a signal, to signalize. _se_ =signaler=, _v.r._, to signalize, _or_ distinguish, one’s self. =signaliste=, _n.m.f._, signalman. *=signataire=, _n.m.f._, signer, subscriber. _adj._ signatory. *=signature=, _n.f._, signature, sign, sign-manual; signing. *=signe=, _n.m._, sign, mark; beck, nod; indication, token, badge; omen; mark (on the skin). _Faire —_; to make signs, to beckon. _Faire — de la main_; to beckon with the hand. _— de la tête_; nod. _Faire le — de la croix_; to cross one’s self. *=signer=, _v.a._, to sign, to subscribe. *_se_ =signer=, _v.r._, to cross one’s self; to make the sign of the cross. =signer=, _v.n._, to sign, to subscribe one’s self. =signet= (sī-nè), _n.m._, small sign; tassel, mark (for books). ☉*=signifiance=, _n.f._, significance, token, testimony, sign, mark. *=signifiant=, =-e=, _adj._, (theol.) significant, significative, expressive. *=significati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, significative, significant. *=signification=, _n.f._, signification; meaning, sense, acceptation; (jur.) legal notice. *=significativement=, _adv._, with force, significantly. *=signifier=, _v.a._, to signify, to mean, to notify, to declare, to announce, to intimate; (jur.) to serve. _Que signifie ce mot?_ what is the meaning of this word? _Faire —_; to give notice of. _Je lui ai signifié d’avoir à s’y trouver_; I gave him notice to be sure and be there. *_se_ =signifier=, _v.r._, (jur.) to be served. =sikh=, _n.m._, _adj._, Sikh (East Indian). =sil=, _n.m._, yellow ocher (of the ancients). =silence=, _n.m._, silence, stillness; secrecy, omission, pause; (mus.) rest. _Faire —_; to keep silence, to be silent. _Rompre le —_; to break the silence. _Imposer —_; to silence. _Passer sous —_; to pass over in silence, not to mention. _Réduire au —_; to silence. _Garder_, or _observer_, _le —_; to keep silence, _or_ remain silent. _En —_; silently, without noise, gently. _Dans le —_; in secret, secretly. =silencieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, silently. =silencieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, silent, still. =silène=, _n.m._, (myth.) Silenus; Satyr. =silène=, _n.f._, (bot.) catch-fly. =silex= (-lèks), _n.m._, silex, flint. =silhouette= _or_ =silouette=, _n.f._, silhouette, outline; profile. =silicate=, _n.m._, (chem.) silicate. =silice=, _n.f._, (chem.) silica, flint. =siliceu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, silicious. =silicique=, _adj._, (chem.) silicic. =silicium=, _n.m._, (chem.) silicon, silicium. =silicule=, _n.f._, (bot.) silicle, silicula, seed-pouch. =siliculeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (bot.) siliculous, siliculose. =silique=, _n.f._, (bot.) siliqua, silique, two-valved pod. =siliqueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (bot.) siliquous, siliquose. *=sillage=, _n.m._, (nav.) track, wake; steerage-way, sea-way. =sillée=, _n.f._, (agri.) trench. *=siller=, _v.n._, (l.u.) (nav.) to run ahead, to make headway. *=siller=, _v.a._, to close the eyes (of a hawk). *=sillet=, _n.m._, nut (of stringed instruments). *=sillomètre=, _n.m._, (nav.) sillometer, log. *=sillon=, _n.m._, (agri.) furrow, ridge; trench, drill; track, trail (of light); wake (of ships); (anat.) groove; wrinkle; (poet.) _pl._, fields, plains. *=sillonner=, _v.a._, to furrow, to plow, to ridge, to cut; to streak, to flash through, to glint; (anat.) to groove. =silo=, _n.m._, pit (for preserving grain). =silouette=, _n.f._ _V._ =silhouette=. =silphium= (-fiom), _n.m._, (_n.p._) silphium, laser. =silure=, _n.m._, (ich.) silurus, silure. =silurien=, =-ne= (ri-īn, -è-n), _adj._, (geol.) silurian. =silves=, _n.f.pl._ _V._ =sylves=. =simagrée=, _n.f._, grimace, pretense, show, affected way. _pl._, affectation, grimaces, fuss. =simaise=, _n.f._ _V._ =cimaise=. =simarouba=, _n.m._, (bot.) simaruba. =simarre=, _n.f._, (of priests) cassock; woman’s long gown; justice’s robe. =simbleau=, _n.m._, (carp.) radius-line. =similaire=, _adj._, similar. =similarité=, _n.f._, similarity, likeness. =similitude=, _n.f._, similitude, similarity; comparison; (rhet.) simile. =similivoire=, _n.m._, imitation ivory. =similor=, _n.m._, pinchbeck. =simoniaque=, _n.m._ and _adj._, simoniac; simoniacal. =simonie=, _n.f._, simony. =simoun= (-moon), _n.m._, simoom. =simple=, _adj._, simple, single; only, only one, but one, bare, mere; common, private (of soldiers); plain, unadorned, simple-minded; silly. _Des souliers à — semelle_; single-soled shoes. _Un — soldat_; a common soldier, a private. _Un homme —_; an unpretending man. _C’est tout —_; (fam.) it is quite natural; it’s a matter of course; why, of course; why not. =simple=, _n.m._, simple, medicinal plant; (mus.) simple air. =simplement=, _adv._, simply, only, solely, merely, singly; plainly, without any ornament; artlessly; sillily. _Tout —_; merely, that’s all. ☉=simplesse=, _n.f._, simplicity, simpleness. =simplicité=, _n.f._, simplicity, simpleness, artlessness, plainness; silliness. =simplification=, _n.f._, simplification. =simplifier=, _v.a._, to simplify. =simulacre=, _n.m._, image, idol; phantom; shadow; appearance, feint, sham. _Un — de combat_; a sham fight. =simulation=, _n.f._, (jur.) feigning, feint, simulation. =simulé=, =-e=, _adj._, fictitious, feigned, false, pretended, counterfeit, sham. =simuler=, _v.a._, to feign, to sham. _— une attaque_; to make a false attack. =simultané=, =-e=, _adj._, simultaneous. =simultanéité=, _n.f._, simultaneousness. =simultanément=, _adv._, simultaneously. =sinapisé=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) infused with mustard. =sinapisme=, _n.m._, sinapism, mustard-plaster. =sincère=, _adj._, sincere, true, open-hearted, honest. =sincèrement= (-sèr-mān), _adv._, sincerely, truly, plainly, ingenuously, honestly. =sincérité=, _n.f._, sincerity, sincereness, open-heartedness, honesty. =sincipital=, =-e=, _adj._, sincipital. =sinciput= (-put), _n.m._, sinciput. =sindon=, _n.m._, Christ’s shroud; (surg.) pledget. =sinécure=, _n.f._, sinecure. =sinécuriste=, _n.m._, sinecurist. =sine quâ non=, _adj.inv._, sine quâ non, indispensable. =singe=, _n.m._, ape, monkey, baboon; monkey (of pile-drivers); windlass; pantograph (copying-machine). _Payer en monnaie de —_; to jeer at a man instead of paying him, _or_ to pay with promises. =singe=, _adj._, (l.u.) apish. =singer=, _v.a._, to ape, to mimic. =singerie= (sin-jrî), _n.f._, apish trick, antic, grimace, trick; mimicry. =singe-ur=, =-resse=, _adj._, that apes, apish. =singeur=, _n.m._, ape (imitator). =singulariser=, _v.a._, to singularize, to render singular, odd. _se_ =singulariser=, _v.r._, to render one’s self singular, odd; to affect singularity. =singularité=, _n.f._, singularity; peculiarity; oddness. =singuli-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, singular; peculiar; odd; single (combat). _Combat —_; single combat. =singulier=, _n.m._, (gram.) singular. =singulièrement= (-lièr-mān), _adv._, singularly, peculiarly, in a singular manner, oddly. =sinistre=, _adj._, sinister, inauspicious; lurid, forbidding; dismal. _Présage —_; sinister foreboding. _Augure —_; unlucky omen. =sinistre=, _n.m._, accident, disaster; casualty, loss, damage. =sinistrement=, _adv._, sinisterly, inauspiciously, dismally. =sinologue= (-log), _n.m._, sinologist, Chinese scholar. =sinombre=, _adj._, (of a lamp) shadowless. =sinon=, _conj._, otherwise, else, or else; except, save, if not, unless. =sinon que=, _conj._, save that; except. =sinople=, _n.m._, (her.) sinople, vert; (min.) a variety of quartz. =sinué=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) sinuate. =sinueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, sinuous, winding, meandering. =sinuosité=, _n.f._, sinuosity, winding, meandering. =sinus= (-nus), _n.m._, (math.) sine; (anat.) sinus. =siphilis=, _n.f._ _V._ =syphilis=. =siphilitique=, _adj._ _V._ =syphilitique=. =siphon=, _n.m._, siphon; water-spout (at sea). =sire=, _n.m._, sire (title of kings and emperors); ☉sir (lord); (in fables) squire. _Un pauvre —_; a poor wretch, wight. =sirène=, _n.f._, siren, mermaid, sea-maid. =sirius= (-us), _n.m._, (astron.) Sirius. =siroco= _or_ ☉=siroc=, _n.m._, Sirocco. =sirop=, _n.m._, syrup. =siroter=, _v.a._, to sip. _V._ =déguster=. =siroter=, _v.n._, to tipple. =siroteur=, _n.m._, tippler. =sirsacas=, _n.m._, Indian cotton-cloth. =sirtes=, _n.f.pl._ _V._ =syrtes=. =sirupeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, syrupy. =sirvente=, _n.m._, sirvente (war song). =sis=, =-e=, _adj._, (jur.) seated, situate, situated. =sison=, _n.m._, honeywort. =sistelle=, _n.f._, (orni.) nut-hatch. =sistre=, _n.m._, (antiq.) sistrum (Egyptian timbrel). =sisymbre=, _n.m._, (bot.) sisymbrium. =sisyphe=, _n.m._, Sisyphus, _Le rocher de —_; (fig.) long, profitless, and hard work. =site=, _n.m._, site, landscape, scenery. =sitôt=, _adv._, so soon, as soon. _De —_; for some time to come. =sitôt que=, _conj._, as soon as. =situation=, _n.f._, situation, site; state of affairs; position; predicament; (nav.) bearing of coasts; (com.) statement (of accounts). _En —_; in a conspicuous situation; in one’s proper place _or_ character. =situé=, =-e=, _adj._, situate, situated, lying. =situer=, _v.a._, to place, to seat. =six=, _n.m._ and _adj._, six, sixth; sixth day. [For the pronunciation of this word, _V._ =dix=.] ☉=sixain=, _n.m._ _V._ =sizain=. =sixième= (si-zièm), _n.m._ and _adj._, sixth; sixth day (of a period); sixth form boy (in England); second form boy (in France); sixth class (at school). =sixième= (si-zièm), _n.f._, six cards of the same suit (cards; piquet); sixth form (in England); second form (in France); highest class (in America). =sixièmement= (si-zièm-mān), _adv._, sixthly. =sixte= (sikst), _n.f._, (mus.) sixth. _Le Pape — Quint_; Pope Sixtus the fifth. =sizain=, _n.m._, stanza of six lines; six packs of cards. =sizette=, _n.f._, sizette (card game). =slave=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, Slav; Sclavonian, Sclavonic. =sloop= _or_ =sloupe= (sloop), _n.m._, (nav.) sloop. =smalah=, _n.f._ (_n.p._), smala (Arab chief’s camp). =smalt=, _n.m._, smalt, blue glass. =smérinthe=, _n.m._, (ent.) hawk-moth. *=smille=, _n.f._, (mas.) scapple-ax. *=smiller=, _v.a._, (mas.) to scapple. =sobre=, _adj._, sober, sparing, temperate, abstemious. =sobrement=, _adv._, soberly, moderately, temperately, sparingly, abstemiously. =sobriété=, _n.f._, sobriety, soberness, temperance, moderation, abstemiousness. =sobriquet=, _n.m._, nickname. _Donner un — à_; to nickname. =soc=, _n.m._, plowshare. =sociabilité=, _n.f._, sociability, sociableness, good fellowship, intercourse. =sociable=, _adj._, sociable, social. =sociablement=, _adv._, sociably, socially. =social=, =-e=, _adj._, social; (com.) (name of) firm. _Sous la raison —e_; under the style, name (of). =socialement= (-sial-mān), _adv._, socially, in a social manner. =socialisme=, _n.m._, socialism. =socialiste=, _n.m.f._, socialist. =sociétaire=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, associate, partner, shareholder; member of a society, of a company; foundation member. =société=, _n.f._, society, community; company, partnership, club, class; social life. _— de commerce_; trading company. _— anonyme_; joint-stock company. _— en commandite_; limited liability company. _Faire une — avec quelqu’un_; to enter into partnership with any one. _Être en —_; (at cards) to be partners. _Talents de —_; accomplishments. _Règle de —_; (arith.) fellowship, rule of fellowship. =socinianisme=, _n.m._, Socinianism. =socinien=, =-ne= (ni-īn, -è-n), _n._ and _adj._, Socinian. =socle=, _n.m._, (arch.) socle, pedestal, stand, base, plinth, socket. _— continu_; basement. =socque=, _n.m._, clog, galoche, patten, overshoe. =socratique=, _adj._, socratic. =sodium= (-om), _n.m._, (chem.) sodium. =sodomie=, _n.f._, sodomy. =sodomite=, _n.m._, sodomite. =sœur= (seur), _n.f._, sister; nun. _—s germaines_; sister of the whole blood. _—s consanguines_; sisters on the father’s side. _—s utérines_; sisters on the mother’s side. _—s jumelles_; twin sisters. _— de lait_; foster-sister. _Demi—_; step-sister. _Belle-—_; sister in law. _Les neuf —s_; the Muses, the sacred Nine. _— laie_, _— converse_; lay-sister. _Communauté de —s_; sisterhood. =sœurette=, _n.f._, little sister, dear little sister. =sofa=, _n.m._, sofa, ottoman. =soffite=, _n.m._, (arch.) soffit. =sofi= _or_ =soufi=, _n.m._, (_—s_) sofi, dervis, dervise. =sofi= _or_ =sophi=, _n.m._, Sofi, Sophi (a title of the King of Persia). =soi=, _pron._, one’s self, self, itself. _Penser à —_; to think of one’s self. _Être à —_; to be one’s own master. =soi-disant=, _adj._, self-styled, would-be, pretended, so-called, supposed. =soie=, _n.f._, silk; hair (of a few species of dogs); bristle (of hogs); tongue (of knives, swords); (vet.) _V._ =seime=. _— de bourre_; floss-silk. _— crue_, _— grège_; raw silk. _— plate_; floss-silk. _Des jours filés d’or et de —_; halcyon days. _Peau de —_; Japanese silk. =soierie= (soa-rî), _n.f._, silk, silk-trade; silk-manufactory. _pl._, silks, silk goods. _Marchand de —_; silk-mercer. _Maison de —_; silk-house. =soif=, _n.f._, thirst. _Avoir —_; to be thirsty, to thirst after. _Avoir grand’ —_; to be very thirsty. _Mourir de —_; to be almost dying with thirst. _Etancher sa —_; to quench one’s thirst. _— des richesses_; thirst for riches, greed. _Garder une poire pour la —_; to lay up something for a rainy day. =soigné=, =-e=, _adj._, carefully done; highly finished, elaborate; nicely got up; sound, sharp. *=soigner=, _v.a._, to take care of, to look after, to attend, to attend to, to mind, to nurse. _— un malade_; to nurse a sick person. *_se_ =soigner=, _v.r._, to take care of one’s self, to nurse one’s self. *=soigneusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, carefully. *=soigneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, careful, regardful, solicitous; mindful. =soi-même=, _pron._, one’s self; itself. =soi-mouvant=, _adj._, (philos.) self-moving. =soin=, _n.m._, care, attendance on. _pl._, attentions, solicitude; pains, trouble. _Avoir — de quelque chose_; to take care of anything. _Je vous en laisse le —_; I leave it to your care. _Rendre des —s à quelqu’un_; to be attentive to any one. _Petits —s_; little, _or_ minute, attentions. _Être aux petite —s avec quelqu’un_; to be all attention to any one. _Manque de —_; carelessness. _Avec —_; carefully. =soir=, _n.m._, evening, night. _Du matin au —_; from morning till, _or_ to, night. _Bon —_; good evening. _Hier —_, _hier au —_; last evening, last night. _Ce —_; this evening, to-night. _Sur le —_; towards evening; at night-fall. _Le — de la vie_; the declining years. =soirée=, _n.f._, evening (duration of the evening); evening party. _Aller en —_; to go out to a party, to go to an evening party. _Passer la —_; to spend the evening. _Dans la —_; during the evening. =soit=, _adv._, be it so, let it be so, well and good, I grant it. _Hé bien, —_; well, be it so. _Ainsi —-il_; so be it. _— dit_; be it said. =soit=, _conj._, either, whether, or. _— l’un, — l’autre_; either one or the other. _— que_; (with a verb) whether. =soixantaine= (soa-sān-tĕ-n), _n.f._, about, _or_ some, sixty; some sixty years of age. =soixante= (soa-sānt), _n.m._ and _adj._, sixty. _—-dix_; seventy. _—-douze_; seventy-two. =soixanter= (soa-sān-té), _v.n._, to reckon sixty (piquet). =soixantième= (soa-sān-tièm), _n.m._ and _adj._, sixtieth. =sol=, _n.m._, soil; ground; ground-plot; (mus.) G, sol; coin. ☉_V._ =sou=. =solaire=, _adj._, solar. _Cadran —_; sun-dial. =solandre=, _n.f._, (vet.) solanders, sallenders. =solanées=, _n.f.pl._, (bot.) solanaceæ. =solanum= (-nom), _n.m._, (bot.) solanum. =solbatu=, =-e=, _adj._, (of horses) surbated. =solbature=, _n.f._, (vet.) quitter, quitter-bone. =soldanelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) soldanel; convolvulus soldanella. =soldat=, _n.m._, soldier. _pl._, soldiery, rank and file. _— de la milice_; militiaman. _Simple —_; private soldier. _— du train_; army service corps man. _Se faire —_; to enlist. =soldatesque=, _n.f._ and _adj._, soldier-like, soldierly, soldiery. =solde=, _n.f._, (milit.) pay. _Demi-—_; half-pay. =solde=, _n.m._, (com.) seulement; clearance sale, clearance, balance. _Pour — de tout compte_; in full of all demands. =solder=, _v.a._, to pay, to settle, to discharge; to keep in pay; to liquidate; to sell off, to clear off. _— un compte_; to settle an account. _— des troupes_; to pay troops. =sole=, _n.f._, sole (of animals); (agri.) brake; (ich.) sole; (arch.) sleeper. _— battue_; (vet.) quitter, quitter-bone. =soléaire=, _adj._, (anat.) solear. =solécisme=, _n.m._, solecism. *=soleil=, _n.m._, sun; sunshine; star; sunflower; (c.rel.) monstrance; sun-fish; (print.) squabble; (fireworks) catherine wheel. _— couchant_; sun-set. _Se chauffer au —_; to bask in the sun. _Le — luit pour tout le monde_; the sun shines upon all alike. _Il fait du —_; the sun is shining. _Coup de —_; sunstroke. _Le — se couche_; the sun is setting, is going down. _Il fait un beau —_; it is beautiful sunshine. _Au —_; in the sun. _Au grand —_; at midday; in bright sunshine. =soleillé=, =-e=, _adj._ _V._ =ensoleillé=. =solen= (-lè-n), _n.m._, (conch., surg.) solen. =solénite=, _n.f._, (fos.) solenite. =solennel=, =-le= (so-la-nèl), _adj._, solemn, awful. =solennellement= (-la-nel-mān), _adv._, solemnly. =solennisation= (-la-ni-) _n.f._, solemnization. =solenniser= (-la-ni), _v.a._, to solemnize. =solennité= (-la-ni-), _n.f._, solemnity, solemnness, solemn occasion. =solfatare=, _n.f._, (geol.) solfatara. =solfège=, _n.m._, (mus.) solfeggio. =solfier=, _v.a._, (mus.) to sol-fa. =solidaire=, _adj._, conjointly liable; jointly and separately liable; solidary; conjointly answerable. =solidairement= (-dèr-mān), _adv._, conjointly; jointly and severally. =solidarité=, _n.f._, solidarity, joint liability; joint and separate liability, joint interest, fellowship, brotherhood. =solide=, _adj._, solid, strong, firm; steadfast, stable, fast, substantial, sound, real; solvent. _Un jugement —_; a sound judgment. =solide=, _n.m._, solid; solid body; solid figure; reality. _Viser au —_; to have an eye to the main chance. =solidement= (-lid-mān), _adv._, solidly, substantially; firmly; soundly. =solidification=, _n.f._, solidification. =solidifier=, _v.a._, to solidify, to concrete. _se_ =solidifier=, _v.r._, to solidify, to become solid; to acquire solidity. =solidité=, _n.f._, solidity, strength; steadfastness, stability, firmness, soundness. =soliloque=, _n.m._, soliloquy. =soliloquer=, _v.n._, to soliloquize. =solin=, _n.m._, (arch.) space between two joists _or_ rafters. =solipède=, _n.m._ and _adj._, soliped; solipedous. =soliste=, _n.m._, solo singer, solo player, soloist. =solitaire=, _adj._, solitary, lonely, desert, single. =solitaire=, _n.m._, hermit, recluse, solitary individual; brilliant (diamond). =solitairement= (-tèr-mān), _adv._, solitarily. =solitude=, _n.f._, solitude, loneliness, wilderness, desert. =solive=, _n.f._, joist, rafter. =soliveau=, _n.m._, small joist. ☉=sollicitable=, _adj._, that may be solicited. =sollicitation= (sol-li-), _n.f._, solicitation; entreaty; application; instigation; canvassing. =solliciter= (sol-li-), _v.a._, to solicit; to apply for; to incite, to urge; to entreat, to incite; to induce; to canvass. =solliciter=, _v.a._, to solicit, to petition. =solliciteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se= (sol-li-), _n.f._, solicitor, solicitress, petitioner, canvasser. =sollicitude= (sol-li-), _n.f._, solicitude, care, anxiety. _Avoir de la — pour_; to be solicitous (for), anxious (about). =solo=, _n.m._, (_—_) (mus.) solo. =solstice=, _n.m._, solstice. _— d’été_; summer solstice. =solsticial=, =-e=, _adj._, solstitial. =solubilité=, _n.f._, solubility. =soluble=, _adj._, solvable; soluble, dissolvable. =solution=, _n.f._, solution; break; dissolution; (math.) solution; resolution; (jur.) discharge. =solvabilité=, _n.f._, solvency. =solvable=, _adj._, solvent. =somatologie=, _n.f._, somatology. =sombrage=, _n.m._, (agri.) first dressing. =sombre=, _adj._, dark, somber, dull, dim, dingy, lurid; gloomy; overcast; melancholy, sad, sullen. _Temps —_; gloomy weather. _Lumière —_; dull, _or_ dim, light. _Couleurs —s_; somber colors. =sombrer=, _v.n._, (nav.) to founder, to go down; (agri.) to give a first dressing to. =sombrero=, _n.m._, sombrero, broad-brimmed hat. =sommaire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, summary, compendium, abridgment, abstract; summary, compendious. =sommairement= (-mèr-mān), _adv._, summarily, briefly, succinctly. =sommation=, _n.f._, summons, notice; (jur.) process, summons; (math.) summation. _Signifier une — à quelqu’un_; to serve a summons on any one. _Faire les trois —s_; to read the Riot Act. =somme=, _n.f._, burden; sum (quantity); amount; (math.) sum; (lit.) summary, compendium. _Bête de —_; beast of burden. _— totale_; sum-total. _— toute_, _en —_; finally, in short. _Une — de_; a stated sum. =somme=, _n.m._, nap (sleep). _Faire un —_; to have a nap, to have forty winks. _Ne faire qu’un —_; never to wake all night, to sleep the night through. *=sommeil=, _n.m._, sleep. _Avoir —_; to be sleepy. _J’ai bien —_; I am very sleepy. _Profond —_; deep sleep. _Cela porte au —_; that induces sleep. _— agité_; restless sleep. _Dormir d’un profond —_; to sleep soundly. _Accablé de —_; dreadfully sleepy. _Tomber de —_, _n’en pouvoir plus de —_; to be overcome with sleep. _Il n’en peut plus de —_; he is quite worn out for want of sleep. _Le — me gagne_; I am getting sleepy. _Avoir le — léger_; to be a light sleeper. *=sommeiller=, _v.n._, to slumber, to doze. =sommeli-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, butler, cellarman. =sommellerie= (so-mèl-rî), _n.f._, butler’s place; pantry, buttery. =sommer=, _v.a._, to summon, to call upon, to charge, to challenge; (math.) to sum up, to cast up. _— quelqu’un de sa parole_; to call upon any one to fulfill his promise. _— une place de se rendre_; (milit.) to summon a fortress to surrender. =sommet=, _n.m._, top, apex, summit; pinnacle; acme, zenith; crown, top (of the head); (bot.) vertex; (arch.) crown; (geom.) apex, vertex. =sommier=, _n.m._, pack-horse; hair-mattress; wind-chest (of an organ); wrest plank, sound-board (of pianos); (arch.) breastsummer; summer; register-book; (print.) winter. _— élastique_; spring mattress. =sommité= (som-mi-), _n.f._, summit, top, apex; head, eminent man; principal, _or_ chief, point. _Une des —s_; (fig.) one of the distinguished men. =somnambule= (som-nān-), _n.m.f._ and _adj._, somnambulist. =somnambulisme=, _n.m._, somnambulism. =somnifère= (som-ni-), _n.m._ and _adj._, (med.) narcotic; somniferous. =somnolence= (som-no-), _n.f._, somnolence, somnolency. =somnolent=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) somnolent, sleepy, drowsy. =somptuaire=, _adj._, sumptuary. =somptueusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, sumptuously, splendidly. =somptueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, sumptuous, gorgeous, splendid. =somptuosité=, _n.f._, sumptuousness, splendor. =son=, _n.m._, bran; (phys.) sound; freckle. _Tache de —_; freckle. _— aigu_; shrill sound. _— de cloches_; ringing of bells. _— du tambour_; beat of the drum, sound of the drum. =son=, =sa=, =ses=, _adj._, his, her, its, one’s. _Son frère, sa sœur et ses enfants_; his brother, sister, and children. _Son âme_; his, her, soul. [_Son_ is used for the _fem._ instead of _sa_ when the word following begins with a vowel or a silent _h_.] =sonate=, _n.f._, (mus.) sonata. =sondage=, _n.m._, sounding; (mining) boring. =sonde=, _n.f._, plummet, fathom-line; (nav.) sounding-line, sounding-lead; (surg.) probe; (manu.) proof-stick; (mining) bore. _pl._, (nav.) soundings. _Jeter la —_; (nav.) to heave the lead, to sound. _Plomb de —_; sounding lead. =sonder=, _v.a._, to sound, to fathom; to ullage, to taste; to scrutinize, to examine thoroughly, to investigate, to explore; to probe, to search. _— le terrain_; (mining) to bore; (fig.) to see how matters stand. _— le gué_; to sound the ford; (fig.) to reconnoiter; to see how matters stand. _— la côte_; to ascertain the depth, _or_ to take soundings (along the coast). _— une plaie_; to probe a wound. _— un fromage_; to pierce a cheese. _— quelqu’un_; to sound, to pump, any one. =sonder=, _v.n._, (nav.) to heave the lead, to sound, to take soundings. =sondeur=, _n.m._, (nav.) leadsman; (min.) borer. =songe=, _n.m._, dream, dreaming. _Faire un —_; to have a dream. _Voir en —_; to see in a dream, to dream. _Mal d’autres n’est que —_; other people’s woes do not affect us much. =songe-creux=, _n.m._, (_—_) dreamer, visionary. ☉=songe-malice=, _n.m._, (_—_, _or_ _—-—s_) mischief-maker. =songer=, _v.n._, to dream, to muse; to think, to reflect, to mean; to intend, to devise, to purpose, to propose, to consider, to cast about (for); to aim (at). _— profondément_; to think deeply. _— à quelque chose_; to think of anything (suddenly). _Songez à ce que vous faites_; mind what you are about. _Sans y —_; unawares, unthinkingly. _Il songe a se marier_; he is thinking of marrying, _or_ he contemplates marriage. _Songez-y_, _songez-y bien_; mind what you are about; beware. _Maintenant que j’y songe_; now that I think of it; now that I remember. =songer=, _v.a._, to dream (in one’s sleep); to dream, to imagine, to think of. _— une comédie_; to think of a comedy, to imagine a comedy. _Ne — que bals, que fêtes_; to think of nothing but balls, parties. =songerie=, _n.f._, dreaming, musing, idle dream. =songeur=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, (l.u.) dreamer; thoughtful, dreamy. ☉=sonica=, _adv._, in the nick of time, just in time. _On allait partir sans lui, il est arrivé —_; they were going to set out without him, when he arrived just in the nick of time. _Il a gagné —_; (basset) he has won just in the nick of time. *=sonnaille=, _n.f._, bell (attached to the neck of cattle). *=sonnailler=, _v.n._, (fam.) to ring often; to keep ringing. *=sonnailler=, _n.m._, bell-wether (of sheep). =sonnant=, =-e=, _adj._, sounding, that has a clear sound; sonorous. _Espèces —es_; hard cash, money down, ready money. _À sept heures —es_; just as the clock was striking seven. =sonner=, _v.n._, to sound, to emit a sound; to chink, to ring; to strike (of clocks); to toll; to ring the bell. _Faites — cet écu_; ring that crown-piece. _— de la trompette_; to sound the trumpet. _— du cor_; to blow the French horn. _Voilà midi qui sonne_; the clock is striking twelve, it is striking twelve. _On sonne_; there is a ring at the door, _or_ the bell is ringing. =sonner=, _v.a._, to sound, to ring; to toll; to strike (of watches, clocks); to wind (of instruments); (milit.) to sound. _— les cloches_; to ring the bells. _— le dîner_; to ring for dinner. _— ses gens_; to ring for the servants. _— le boute-selle_; (milit.) to sound to horse. _Ne — mot_; not to say a word, not to let the least hint drop. _— la messe_; to ring the bells for mass. _Il a vingt ans bien sonnés_; he is well over twenty. _Il est trois heures sonnées_; the clock has struck three, _or_ it is past three o’clock. =sonnerie= (so-n-rî), _n.f._, ring of bells; bells; (horl.) striking part, clock-work; airs, flourishes; (milit.) sound of the trumpet. _Pendule à —_; striking clock. =sonnet=, _n.m._, sonnet. =sonnette=, _n.f._, little bell; house-bell, hand-bell, rattle; (tech.) pile-driver; engraver’s mallet. _Cordon de —_; bell-pull. _Agiter la —_, _tirer la —_; to ring, to ring the bell, to pull the bell. =sonneur=, _n.m._, bell-ringer, blower. =sonnez= (-né), _n.m._, two sixes (backgammon). =sonomètre=, _n.m._, sonometer. =sonore=, _adj._, sonorous, clear, deep-toned. _Voix —_; sonorous voice. =sonorité=, _n.f._, sonorousness. =sopeur=, _n.f._, =sopor=, _n.m._, (med.) deep, comatose sleep. =sopha=, _n.m._ _V._ =sofa=. =sophi=, _n.m._ _V._ =sofi=. =sophisme=, _n.m._, sophism, fallacy. _pl._, sophistry. =sophiste=, _n.m._, sophist. =sophistication=, _n.f._, sophistication; adulteration. =sophistique=, _adj._, sophistic, sophistical. _n.f._, sophistry. =sophistiquer=, _v.a._, to sophisticate, to adulterate. =sophistiquer=, _v.n._, to subtilize. =sophistiquerie= (-ti-krî), _n.f._, sophistry, sophistication, adulteration. =sophistiqueur=, _n.m._, subtilizer, sophisticator, adulterator. =sophore=, _n.m._, (bot.) sophora. =soporati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, soporiferous, soporific. =soporeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) soporous. =soporifère= _or_ =soporifique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, soporific; soporiferous. =soprano=, _n.m._, (mus.) soprano, treble (voice). =sor=. _V._ =saure=. =sorbe=, _n.f._, (bot.) sorb. =sorbet=, _n.m._, sherbet. =sorbétière=, _n.f._, ice-pail. =sorbier=, _n.m._, (bot.) sorb. _— domestique_; service, service-tree. _— sauvage_, _— des oiseaux_; quick-beam, quick-beam tree, roan-tree, mountain ash, quicken, quicken-tree. =sorboniste=, _n.m._, Sorbonist. =sorbonne=, _n.f._, Sorbonne (seat of the university of Paris). =sorcellerie= (-sèl-rî), _n.f._, sorcery, witchcraft, witchery, enchantment. =sorcier=, _n.m._, sorcerer, wizard; conjurer, magician, enchanter. _Il n’est pas grand —_; he is no conjurer. =sorcière=, _n.f._, sorceress, witch, enchantress. _Vieille —_; old hag. _Sabbat des —s_; witches’ Sabbath. =sordide=, _adj._, sordid, dirty, filthy, mean, covetous, niggardly. _— avarice_; base avarice. =sordidement= (-did-mān), _adv._, sordidly, meanly, niggardly, stingily. =sordidité=, _n.f._, sordidness, meanness. =soret=. _V._ =sauret=. =sorgho=, _n.m._, (bot.) sorghum, sorgo. =sorite=, _n.m._, (log.) sorites. =sorne=, _n.f._, scum, slag, dross. =sornette=, _n.f._, idle talk, idle story, small talk, stuff. _Conter des —s_; to talk nonsense, _or_ to say sweet nothings to. =sororal=, =-e=, _or_ =sororial=, =-e=, _adj._, of a sister, sisterly, of sisters. =sort=, _n.m._, fate, destiny, lot; fortune; position, condition; existence; spell, charm. _Le — des armes_; the fate of arms, the chances of war. _Au —_; by lot. _Tirage au —_; drawing by lots. _Tirer au —_; to cast lots, to draw lots. _Tomber au —_; to draw a bad number (at conscriptions). _Le — en est jeté_; the die is cast. _Jeter un — à quelqu’un_; to throw a spell over any one. _Jeter un — sur quelque chose_; to throw a spell over anything. _Être son —_; to be one’s lot, to fall to one’s lot. _Faire un — à quelqu’un_; to procure any one an existence; to provide for any one. =sortable=, _adj._, suitable. =sortablement=, _adv._, suitably. =sortant=, _n.m._, person going out; person leaving office, a dignity, a place. _Les entrants et les —s_; the incomers and outgoers. =sortant=, =-e=, _adj._, outgoing, leaving office; drawn, coming out (of numbers in lotteries). =sorte=, _n.f._, sort, kind, species; manner, way. _Parler de la bonne — à quelqu’un_; to rate any one soundly; (fam.) to give it him. _En aucune —_; in no wise. _De telle —_; to such a degree, in such a way. _De quelque — que ce soit_; in any way whatever. _De la —_; thus, so, in that manner, in that way. _De — que_, _en — que_; so that. _De toute —_, _de toutes —s_; of every kind, of all kinds. _Faire en — que_; to manage so that; to see that; to contrive that. =sorteu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, much out, fond of going out. _C’est un grand —_; he is always out, always gadding about. =sortie= (-tî), _n.f._, going out, coming out, departure, leaving; egress, outlet, issue, exit, way out, escape; holiday; outburst, attack, abuse; tirade; (customs) exportation; (thea.) exit; (milit.) sally, sortie; low cards (at cards). _À la — du dîner_; on leaving the dinner-table, _or_ at the end of the dinner. _Droit de —_; export duty. _— de bal_; opera cloak. _Faire une — à quelqu’un_; to blow any one up. _Faire une —_; (milit.) to make a sally. _Faire une — contre_; to launch out against. _Jour de —_; holiday. _Fausse —_; (thea.) wrong exit. =sortilège=, _n.m._, sorcery, witchcraft, spell. =sortir= (sortant, sorti), _v.n._ (_irregular_), to go out, to go forth, to come, to come out, to come forth, to emerge, to proceed, to issue; to get out, to come off; to rise; to depart, to swerve, to deviate; to proceed; to result; to ensue; to wander (from a subject); to start (of the eyes); to spring up, to come up; to peep out, to shoot out (milit.); to sally forth, to sally out; to steam out (of ships); (thea.) to exit, to make one’s exit; to spring, to be born; to run off (locomotives); (paint.) to project, to stand out; to be in relief. _— de la chambre_; to go out of the room. _Il est sorti_; he has gone out. _Il vient de —_; _il ne fait que de —_; he has just gone out. _Il est sorti ce matin_; he went out this morning. _Il ne fait qu’entrer et —_; he does nothing but go in and out. _La rivière est sortie de son lit_; the river has overflowed its banks. _Faire — un homme de prison_; to get a man out of prison. _— du port_; to leave, to steam out of, the harbor. _— de maladie_; to (just) recover from illness. _— de table_; to rise from table. _— de son devoir_; to deviate from one’s duty. _— des bornes de la bienséance_; to overstep the rules of decency. _— de l’enfance_; to be no longer a child. _— de cadence_; (mus.) to be out of time. _Les yeux lui sortent de la tête_; his eyes are starting out of his head. _Faire —_; to make go out; to drive out; to call forth; to elicit, to bring to light. =sortir=, _v.a._ (_irregular_), to get out, to bring out, to take out, to carry out; to extricate. _Sortez ce cheval_; bring out that horse. _— des fleurs_; to put flowers out in the open air. _— un enfant_; to take a child out. =sortir=, _v.a._ (_regular_), (jur.) to obtain, to have. =sortir=, _n.m._, going out, leaving, quitting, coming out, rising. _Au — du lit_; on getting out of bed. _Au — de sa lecture_; (Ste. Beuve) when we close his book. =sosie=, _n.m._, second self, counterpart, twin, like. =sot=, =-te=, _n._ and _adj._, fool, blockhead; stupid, silly, foolish, senseless, sheepish. _— animal_; (triv.) foolish creature. _Le voilà bien —_; he looks rather sheepish now. _Il est resté —_; he looked somewhat foolish. _À —te demande point de réponse_; a silly question needs no answer _or_ answer a fool according to his folly. _C’est un — en trois lettres_; he is a downright fool. _Quelque — le ferait_; one would be a fool to do that. =sotie=, _n.f._, sotie (kind of 14th century play in which political satire predominated). =sot-l’y-laisse=, _n.m._, (_—_) pope’s nose (of poultry). =sotnia=, _n.f._, sotnia (company of Russian horse). =sottement= (sot-mān), _adv._, sillily, foolishly, senselessly. =sottise=, _n.f._, silliness, folly; silly thing, foolish trick, nonsense, foolishness; indecency; insult. _pl._, abuse, abusive language. _Dire des —s à quelqu’un_; to abuse any one, to call any one names. =sottisier=, _n.m._, (fam.) collection of indecent tales _or_ songs; ribald person. =sou=, _n.m._, sou, copper; cent. _Gros —_; penny-piece, copper. _Petit —_; cent, small copper. _N’avoir pas le —_, _n’avoir pas un —_; to be penniless, not to be worth a farthing, not to be worth a groat. _Sans le —_; penniless. _Une affaire de deux —s_; a two-cent business, _or_ trumpery affair. _Comme quatre —s_; (fam.) wretchedly, shabbily, paltrily. =soubarbe=, _n.f._ _V._ =sous-barbe=. =soubassement= (-bâs-mān), _n.m._, dado, bed-valance; (arch.) basement, sub-basement. _— d’une colonne_; (arch.) pattern of a column. =soubise=, _n.f._, onion-sauce. =soubresaut=, _n.m._, sudden leap _or_ start; jolt; plunge (of a horse); (med.) subsultus. =soubresauter=, _v.n._, to start, to jump, to jolt, to plunge. =soubrette=, _n.f._, (thea.) waiting-woman, abigail, lady’s maid. =soubreveste=, _n.f._, sleeveless upper coat. =soubuse=, _n.f._, (orni.) hen harrier. =souche=, _n.f._, stump, stock, stub, stem (of trees); block; blockhead; head, founder (genealogy); chimney-neck, chimney-shaft, chimney-stalk; (bot.) subterranean stock; counterfoil (of passports, etc.); voucher, counterfoil (of checks, receipts, etc.); tally. _C’est une vraie —_; he is a regular blockhead. _Faire —_; to be the first of a branch, to found a family. _— de cheminée_; chimney-stock. _— d’enclume_; anvil-block. =souchet=, _n.m._, (bot.) galingale; (mas.) ragstone; (orni.) shoveler, shoveler-duck. =souchetage= (soosh-taj), _n.m._, counting stumps (of felled timber). =soucheteur= (soosh-teur), _n.m._, surveyor of stocks, stubs, in a forest. =souci=, _n.m._, anxious care, anxiety; (bot.) marigold; (orni.) golden-crested wren. _Sans —_; free from care. _Avoir —_; to take care. _Avoir des —s_; to have cares. _Être dévoré de —_; to be careworn. _C’est le moindre_, or _le cadet_, _de mes —s_; I don’t care a rap about it, _or_ it doesn’t trouble me in the least. _— d’eau_, _— des marais_; (bot.) marsh-marigold. _— des champs_; (bot.) wild marigold; cow-marigold. _— figue_; (bot.) fig-marigold. _se_ =soucier=, _v.r._, to care, to mind, to be concerned, to concern one’s self, to be anxious, to be uneasy; to like, to want. _Il ne s’en soucie guère_; he cares little for, _or_ about, it. _Il ne se soucie de rien_; he cares for nothing. _Je ne m’en soucie plus_; I have no further wish for it. _S’en — comme de l’an quarante_; not to care a rush, _or_ a rap. =soucieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, anxious, full of care, careworn, pensive, thoughtful. =soucoupe=, _n.f._, saucer; salver. =soudable=, _adj._, that can be soldered. =soudage=, _n.m._, soldering, welding. =soudain=, =-e=, _adj._, sudden, unexpected, unlooked-for. =soudain=, _adv._, suddenly, on a sudden, all of a sudden. =soudainement= (-dè-n-mān), _adv._, suddenly, on a sudden, all of a sudden. =soudaineté= (-dè-n-té), _n.f._, suddenness, unexpectedness. =soudan=, _n.m._, (_—s_) sultan. =soudard= _or_ =soudart=, _n.m._, (fam.) trooper, veteran soldier. =soude=, _n.f._, (min.) soda; (bot.) glasswort. =souder=, _v.a._, to solder, to weld; (fig.) to unite, to join. _se_ =souder=, _v.r._, to be soldered _or_ welded; to unite, to consolidate. =soudiviser=, _v.a._ _V._ =subdiviser=. =soudoir=, _n.m._, soldering-iron. =soudoyer=, _v.a._, to hire, to pay troops; to keep in pay. =soudrille=, _n.m._, (fam.) lewd, thievish soldier. =soudure=, _n.f._, solder; soldering, welding. =soufflage=, _n.m._, glass-blowing; blowing; (nav.) sheathing. =soufflant=, =-e=, _adj._, blowing. =souffle=, _n.m._, breath, breathing; puff (of wind); (fig.) inspiration, influence, breath. =soufflement=, _n.m._, blowing. =souffler=, _v.n._, to blow; to breathe, to pant, to puff; to swell; to complain; to seek the philosopher’s stone. _— aux oreilles de quelqu’un_; to whisper in any one’s ear. _— dans ses doigts_; to blow upon one’s fingers. _Il n’oserait —_; he dares not complain. =souffler=, _v.a._, to blow, to blow out; to breathe, to breathe out; to inflate; to whisper; to huff (at draughts); (nav.) to sheathe; to prompt. _— le feu_; to blow the fire. _— le chaud et le froid_; to blow hot and cold. _— un comédien_; to prompt a player. _— l’orgue_; to blow an organ. _— à quelqu’un un emploi_; to rob any one of a situation (by forestalling him). _— un vaisseau_; to sheath a ship. _— les canons_; (artil.) to scale the guns. _Ne pas — mot_; not to say a word, _or_ not to open one’s mouth. _se_ =souffler=, _v.r._, to be blown. =soufflerie=, _n.f._, bellows (of an organ); blast-apparatus; ☉alchemy. =soufflet=, _n.m._, bellows, pair of bellows; head _or_ hood (of a carnage); box on the ear, slap in the face; affront, mortification; humiliation. _Donner un — à Vaugelas_; to murder the Queen’s English. =souffletade=, _n.f._, (l.u.) slapping (in the face). =souffleter=, _v.a._, to slap in the face, to box the ears of; (fig.) to strike, to insult, to buffet. ☉=souffleteur=, _n.m._, striker, slapper. =souffletier=, _n.m._, bellows-maker. =souffleur=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) a species of dolphin. _Les —s_; cetaceans. =souffleu-r=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, blower, organ-blower; panter; (thea.) prompter; glass-blower; alchemist; panting (of horses). _— d’orgue_; organ-blower. _Cheval —_; panting horse; roarer. =soufflure=, _n.f._, (metal.) flaw; seedy glass. =souffrable=, _adj._, (l.u.) sufferable, tolerable. =souffrance=, _n.f._, suffering, pain, suspense, sufferance; endurance; (jur.) sufferance, toleration. _En —_; suspended; (com.) standing over; (of bills) dishonored. _Jour de —_; borrowed light. =souffrant=, =-e=, _adj._, suffering, in pain; patient; enduring; unwell, poorly, ailing. =souffre-douleur=, _n.m._, (_—_) drudge; fag; butt, laughing-stock. =souffreteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, miserable, unwell, poorly, sickly, weakly, puny. =souffrir= (souffrant, souffert), _v.a._, to suffer, to bear, to endure, to abide; to undergo, to sustain, to stand; to tolerate; to permit, to let, to allow, to put up with; to admit of. _— la douleur_; to endure pain. _— la fatigue_; to bear fatigue. _— un assaut_; to stand an assault. _— un affront_; to put up with an affront. _Je ne saurais — cet homme-là_; I cannot endure that man. _Il souffre tout à ses enfants_; he is too indulgent to his children. _Pourquoi souffrez-vous cela?_ why do you put up with that? _Cela ne souffre point de retardement_; that admits of no delay. _Faire —_; to pain, to grieve, to torture. =souffrir=, _v.n._, to suffer, to suffer pain, to be in pain; to be pained; to be a sufferer; to be injured. _— de la tête_; to feel a pain in one’s head. _Se —_; to endure each other; to be tolerated; to be suffered (of things). =soufi=, _n.m._ _V._ =sofi=. =soufrage=, _n.m._, sulphuring; smoking with brimstone. =soufre=, _n.m._, sulphur, brimstone. _Fleur de —_; flour of brimstone. =soufrer=, _v.a._, to dip in brimstone, to sulphur. =soufrière=, _n.f._, sulphur-mine. =soufroir=, _n.m._, sulphuring-stove. =sougarde=, _n.f._ _V._ =sous-garde=. =sougorge=, _n.f._ _V._ =sous-gorge=. =souhait=, _n.m._, wish, desire. _À —_; to one’s heart’s content, according to one’s desire, as one would have it. _Avoir tout à —_; to have everything to one’s liking. _À vos —s_; (fam.) God bless you! (after sneezing). =souhaitable=, _adj._, desirable, to be wished for. =souhaiter=, _v.a._, to wish, to wish for, to long for. _Je vous souhaite le bonjour_; I wish you good morning. _Il serait à — que, etc._; it is desirable that, etc. _Que souhaitez-vous?_ what do you wish for? _Je vous en souhaite_, _je t’en souhaite_; I wish you may get it. _— la bonne année à quelqu’un_; to wish any one a happy New Year. _se_ =souhaiter=, _v.r._, to wish one’s self, _or_ each other. =souï=, _n.m._, soy (sauce). *=souille=, _n.f._, (hunt.) wallowing place (of wild boars); bed (impression made by the bottom of a ship on the mud). *=souiller=, _v.a._, to soil, to dirty, to stain, to blemish, to sully, to defile, to pollute, to contaminate. _se_ =souiller=, _v.r._, to soil, to get dirty; to sully, to tarnish. *=souillon=, _n.m.f._, scullion; sloven, slut, slattern, trollop. *=souillure=, _n.f._, dirt, spot of dirt; spot, stain; blot, impurity; contamination, pollution, defilement. =soûl=, =-e= (soo, -l), _adj._, glutted; surfeited, drunk, tipsy; cloyed, satiated, heartily sick of. _— comme une grive_; as drunk as a lord. _Il est — de musique_; he is surfeited with music. _A merle — cerises sont amères_; plenty makes dainty. _Tout son —_; to one’s heart’s content. =soûl= (soo), _n.m._, one’s fill, one’s bellyful. _Boire et manger son —_; to eat and drink one’s fill. =soulageant=, =-e= (-jān, -t), _adj._, easing; comforting; relieving. =soulagement= (-la-jmān), _n.m._, relief, ease, comfort, alleviation, assuagement; solace, help. _Cela me donne du —_; that relieves me. _C’est un — à ses peines_; it is an alleviation of his troubles. =soulager=, _v.a._, to relieve, to ease, to lighten; to alleviate, to allay, to assist, to comfort; to assist, to help. _se_ =soulager=, _v.r._, to relieve one’s self, _or_ each other. =soûlaison=, _n.m._, (fam.) drunkenness; drinking bout, boozing. =soûlard=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (pop.) drunkard. ☉=soûlaud=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (pop.) drunkard. =soûler=, _v.a._, to fill, to glut, to satiate, to surfeit; to intoxicate, to make drunk. _se_ =soûler=, _v.r._, to glut one’s self, to satiate one’s self; to get intoxicated; to riot, to get drunk. =souleur=, _n.f._, (fam.) fright, shock. =soulèvement= (-lèv-mān), _n.m._, heaving, rising (of the stomach); swelling, upheaving (of the waves); insurrection, revolt; indignation. =soulever= (sool-vé), _v.a._, to raise; to lift, to heave up, to take up; to lift up; to excite, to stir up; to urge to insurrection; to excite to action; to raise the indignation of; to make indignant; to moot, _or_ raise (question). _se_ =soulever= (sool-), _v.r._, to raise one’s self, to rise; to swell; to be urged to action; to be urged to indignation, to be indignant; to rise to revolt, to rise in insurrection, in arms. =soulever= (sool-), _v.n._, to rise, turn (of the stomach). _Le cœur me soulève à la pensée de_; my stomach rises at the thought of. =soulier=, _n.m._, shoe. _—s ferrés_; hobnailed shoes. _Être dans ses petits —s_; to be in an awkward situation, to be uneasy in one’s mind; to be on pins and needles. =soulier-botte=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) Blucher boot. *=soulignement=, _n.m._, underlining. *=souligner=, _v.a._, to underline. ☉=souloir=, _v.n._, to be wont, to use. =soulte= _or_ =soute=, _n.f._, (jur. com.) balance; premium, settlement. =soumettre=, _v.a._, to subdue, to submit, to bring under subjection, to subject; to overcome; to subjugate; to subordinate, to refer. _— un pays_; to subdue a country. _se_ =soumettre=, _v.r._, to submit, to yield, to be submissive, to give way; to succumb, to assent (to); to comply (with). _Il faut se — ou se démettre_; one must knuckle under or clear out, submit or resign. =soumission=, _n.f._, submission, submissiveness, subjection, compliance, obedience, mark of respect; tender for a contract; contract; deed of contract; (jur.) bond; subscription. _—s cachetées_; sealed tenders. =soumissionnaire=, _n.m.f._, tendering party. =soumissionner=, _v.a._, to make a tender for _or_ to tender for. =soupape=, _n.f._, plug, valve. _— dormante_; fixed valve. _— à clapet_; clack-valve. _— à gorge_; throttle valve. _— de sûreté_; safety-valve. _À —_; with a valve. =soupatoire=, _adj._, (fam.) of supper, serving as a supper. _Dîner —_; dinner-supper. =soupçon=, _n.m._, suspicion; surmise, conjecture, taste, smack, dash, jot, bit, trifle; touch. _Un — d’ail_; just a taste of garlic. _Un —, s’il vous plaît_; the smallest of pieces, please! =soupçonnable=, _adj._, suspectable, liable to be suspected. =soupçonner=, _v.a._, to suspect, to surmise. _se_ =soupçonner=, _v.r._, to suspect one another; to be suspected. =soupçonneu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, suspecter. =soupçonneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, suspicious. =soupe=, _n.f._, soup, slice of bread for soup, sippet, sop; (fam.) dinner. _— à perroquet_; bread steeped in wine. _— au lait_; milk-porridge. _Ivre comme une —_; as drunk as a lord, _or_ as tight as a drum. _Trempé comme une —_; drenched _or_ wet to the skin. _Tremper la —_; to soak the bread in the soup. _Tailler la —_; to cut bread for the soup. _— grasse_; meat soup. _— maigre_; vegetable soup. _S’emporter comme une — au lait_; to be of a very hasty temper; to fly into a passion (without any warning). _Manger la — avec quelqu’un_; (fam.) to come and dine with any one _or_ to come and have pot-luck with any one. =soupente=, _n.f._, loft, garret; brace (of a coach); strap (of a horse). =souper=, _v.n._, to sup, to take supper. _À —_; to sup; one’s supper. =souper= _or_ =soupé=, _n.m._, supper. =soupeser=, _v.a._, to weigh, to lift, to try the weight of. =soupette=, _n.f._, thin slice of bread, sippet. =soupeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, supper, eater; gay man _or_ woman. =soupied=, _n.m._ _V._ =sous-pied=. =soupière=, _n.f._, tureen, soup-tureen. =soupir=, _n.m._, sigh, breath; breathing; gasp; (fig.) wish, longing; (mus.) crotchet-rest. _pl._, sighing. _Pousser des —s_; to heave sighs. _Rendre le dernier —_; to breathe one’s last. *=soupirail=, _n.m._, air-hole, vent-hole. =soupirant=, _n.m._, wooer, lover. =soupirer=, _v.n._, to sigh; to gasp; to long. _— de douleur_; to sigh for grief. _— après une chose_; to long for a thing. =soupirer=, _v.a._, to breathe, to breathe forth, to sigh. =soupireur=, _n.m._, (fam.) sigher. =souple=, _adj._, supple, pliant, flexible, yielding, tractable, docile, compliant. _Un esprit —_; a compliant temper. =souplement=, _adv._, pliantly, flexibly, compliantly. =souplesse=, _n.f._, suppleness, pliancy, flexibility, facility, compliance, versatility. _La — de l’osier_; the flexibility of the osier. _Tours de —_; cunning tricks. _Sa voix a de la —_; there is a marked flexibility in his voice. *=souquenille=, _n.f._, smock-frock; gabardine. =source=, _n.f._, source, spring, fountain, fountain-head; well-spring, rise. _— d’eau_; spring. _Eau de —_; spring water. _Prendre sa —_; to take its rise (of a river). _Avoir sa — dans_; (fig.) to have its rise in, to proceed from. _Couler de —_; to flow naturally; to come from the heart. =sourcier=, _n.m._, bletonist, spring-finder. =sourcil=, (-ci), _n.m._, eye-brow, brow. _Froncer le —_; to knit one’s brow. =sourcili-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, (anat.) superciliary. *=sourciller=, _v.n._, to knit one’s brows; to frown; to wince, to flinch; (of water) to spring, to gush out. _Sans —_; without moving a muscle _or_ without wincing. *=sourcilleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, haughty, proud; supercilious, cloud-topped, towering, steep; uneasy; melancholy. _Montagnes —ses_; lofty mountains. =sourd=, =-e=, _adj._, deaf; dull, hollow, muffled (of sound); insensible, dead; (math.) ☉surd; secret, underhand; rumbling. _Voix —e_; hollow voice. _— comme un pot_; as deaf as a post. _Il court un bruit —_; it is whispered about. _Lanterne —e_; dark lantern. _Lime —e_; dead file. _Douleur —e_; dull pain. _Menées —es_; underhand dealings. _Faire la —e oreille_; to turn a deaf ear. =sourd=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, deaf person; (zoöl.) salamander (local ex.). _Frapper comme un —_; to strike hard. _Faire le —_; to sham deafness. _Il n’est pire — que celui qui ne veut pas entendre_; none so deaf as those who won’t hear. _— et muet_; deaf and dumb. =sourdaud=, _n.m._, person hard of hearing. =sourdeline=, _n.f._, Italian bag-pipe. =sourdement=, _adv._, indistinctly; with a hollow voice; dully, rumblingly; (of sound) with a dull rumbling noise; secretly; in an underhand manner. _Brûler —_; to smoulder. =sourdine=, _n.f._, sordet, sordine (of a trumpet); damper (piano). _À la —_; secretly, on the sly. =sourd-muet=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_), =sourde-muette=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) deaf and dumb person. =sourdon=, _n.m._, (conch.) cockle. =sourdre=, _v.n._, to spring, to issue, to gush out, to arise, to well; (nav.) (of a cloud) to rise. =souriant=, _adj._, smiling. =souriceau=, _n.m._, little mouse. =souricier=, _n.m._, mouser. =souricière=, _n.f._, mouse-trap. =souriquois=, =-e=, _adj._, (jest.) of mice. _La gent —e_; the mouse tribe, the murine race. =sourire=, _v.n._, to smile; to countenance; to be agreeable, to delight, to please (of a thing); to favor; to tempt, to suit. _— à quelqu’un_; to smile upon any one. =sourire= _or_ =souris=, _n.m._, smile. _— moqueur_; a sneer, scornful smile. =souris=, _n.f._, mouse; mouse-color; venison-bit, knuckle (of a leg of mutton); (milit.) saucisse, saucisson (to fire a mine); (vet.) nasal cartilage (of the horse). _Pas de —_; (fort.) flight of steps leading to the moat. _Chauve-—_, (_—s-—_) bat. _— qui n’a qu’un trou est bientôt prise_; it is well to have more than one string to one’s bow; _on entendrait trotter une —_; you could hear a pin drop. =souris=, _adj. invariable_, mouse-colored. _Cheval —_; mouse-colored horse. =sournois=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, dissembler, artful person, sly fox, sly boots; dissembled, artful, cunning, sly, deep, crafty. =sournoisement=, _adv._, slyly, cunningly, on the sly. =sournoiserie=, _n.f._, slyness, artfulness, cunning, sly trick. =sous=, _prep._, under, beneath; upon; with; in; by; sub; deputy. _— le lit_; under the bed. _— terre_; underground. _Affirmer — serment_; to swear upon oath. _— silence_; in silence. _— la main_; close at hand. _— presse_; in the press. _— peu de jours_; in a few days. _— peu de temps_; in a short time. _Regarder quelqu’un — le nez_; to stare any one in the face. _—-gouverneur_, (_—-—s_) deputy-governor. _— secrétaire_; under-secretary. _— voile_; (nav.) under sail. _— le vent_; to leeward. =sous-affermer=, _v.a._, to underlet; to take an under-lease. =sous-agent=, _n.m.f._, (_—-—s_) under-agent. =sous-aide=, _n.m.f._, (_—-—s_) under-assistant; assistant surgeon. =sous-amendement=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) additional amendment; amendment to an amendment. =sous-amender=, _v.a._, to make an additional amendment. =sous-arbrisseau=, _n.m._, (_—-—x_) (bot.) suffrutex; undershrub. =sous-aumônier=, _n.m._, sub-almoner; assistant chaplain. =sous-axillaire=, _adj._, (bot.) sub-axillary. *=sous-bail=, _n.m._, (_—-baux_) under-lease. =sous-baill-eur=, =-eresse=, _n.m.f._, under-lessor. =sous-barbe=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) under jaw (of horses). _— de beaupré_; (nav.) bob-stay. =sous-bibliothécaire=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) sub-librarian. =sous-bois=, _n.m._, underwood, undergrowth. =sous-bras=, _n.m._, dress preserver. =sous-brigadier=, _n.m._, lance-corporal. =sous-carbonate=, _n.m._, sub-carbonate. =sous-chantre=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) sub-chanter, succentor. =sous-chef=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) chief-assistant, second head-clerk. =sous-chevron=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (carp.) under-rafter. =sous-clavi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, (anat.) sub-clavian. =sous-clerc=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) under-clerk. =sous-comité=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) sub-committee. =sous-commis=, _n.m._, under-clerk, junior-clerk. =sous-commissaire=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (nav.) under-commissary. =sous-contrefort=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) stiffener (of boots, shoes). =sous-costal=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) sub-costal. =sous-couche=, _n.f._, underlayer, substratum. =souscripteur=, _n.m._, subscriber; (com.) underwriter. =souscription=, _n.f._, subscription; signature; contribution. =souscrire=, _v.a.n._, to subscribe, to sign; (fig.) to consent, to agree to; to approve, to indorse. _— un contrat_; to subscribe a contract. =souscrivant=, _n.m._, underwriter. =sous-cutané=, =-e=, _adj._, subcutaneous. =sous-délégué=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) sub-delegate. =sous-déléguer=, _v.a._, to subdelegate. =sous-diaconat=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) subdeaconry. =sous-diacre=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) subdeacon. =sous-direct-eur=, =-rice=, _n.m.f._, sub-manager, sub-manageress. =sous-diviser=, _v.a._ _V._ =subdiviser=. =sous-division=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) subdivision. =sous-dominante=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (mus.) sub-dominant. =sous-double=, _adj._, (math.) subduple. =sous-doublé=, =-e=, _adj._, (math.) sub-duplicate. =sous-doyen=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) sub-dean. =sous-doyenné=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) sub-deanery, sub-deanship. =sous-économe=, _n.m._, sub-treasurer. =sous-entendre=, _v.a._, not to express fully, to understand, to hint, to imply. _se_ =sous-entendre=, _v.r._, to be understood. _Cela se sous-entend_; that is understood. =sous-entendu=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) thing understood. _adj._, understood. =sous-entente=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) mental reservation. =sous-entrepreneur=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) sub-contractor (of public works). =sous-espèce=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) sub-species. =sous-faîte=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (carp.) under-ridge-board. =sous-ferme=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (jur.) under-lease. =sous-fermer=, _v.a._, to underlet; to take an under-lease. =sous-fermi-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (jur.) under-lessee. =sous-fondation=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) subpavement. =sous-fréter=, _v.a._, to underlet, to under-freight (ships). =sous-garantie=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (jur.) counter-bond. =sous-garde=, _n.f._, (_—_) trigger-guard. =sous-genre=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) subgenus. =sous-gorge=, _n.f._, (_—_) throat-band (of a bridle). =sous-gouverneur=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) deputy-governor. =sous-greffier=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) deputy-registrar. =sous-instructeur=, _n.m._, (mil.) fugleman. =sous-intendance=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (milit.) deputy-commissaryship; under commissary’s office. =sous-intendant=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (milit.) deputy-commissary, sub-commissary. =sous-jacent=, _adj._, subjacent. =sous-jupe=, _n.f._, underskirt. =sous-lieutenance=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (artil.) sub-lieutenancy; (milit.) ensigncy; (nav.) second-lieutenancy. =sous-lieutenant=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (artil.) sub-lieutenant; (milit.) ensign; (nav.) second-lieutenant. =sous-locataire=, _n.m.f._, (_—-—s_) under-tenant. =sous-location=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) under-letting, under-tenancy. =sous-louer=, _v.a._, to underlet; to under-hire. =sous-maître=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) usher, under-master, assistant (at a school). =sous-maîtresse=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) assistant-teacher; governess. =sous-marin=, =-e=, _adj._, submarine; submersed; underset (of currents). =sous-maxillaire=, _adj._, (anat.) sub-maxillary. =sous-multiple=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (arith.) sub-multiple. =sous-noix=, _n.f._, round (of beef). =sous-normale=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (geom.) sub-normal; sub-perpendicular. =sous-occipital=, =-e=, _adj._, sub-occipital. _en_ =sous-œuvre=, _adv._, (arch.) underpinning. _Reprendre un mur en —_; to underpin a wall. =sous-officier=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) non-commissioned officer. =sous-orbiculaire=, _adj._, suborbicular. =sous-ordre=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) subordinate. _En —_; subordinately. =sous-perpendiculaire=, _n.f._ _V._ =sous-normale=. =sous-pied=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) strap (of trousers). =sous-précepteur=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) assistant tutor. =sous-préfecture=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) sub-prefecture. =sous-préfet=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) sub-prefect, under-sheriff. =sous-prieur=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) sub-prior. =sous-prieure=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) sub-prioress. =sous-principal=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) vice-principal. =sous-sacristain=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) under-sexton, under-sacristan. =sous-secrétaire=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) under-secretary. =sous-secrétariat=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) under-secretaryship. =sous-seing=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) private deed. =sous-sel=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (chem.) sub-salt. *=soussigné=, =-e=, _part._, undersigned, underwritten. _Nous —s certifions_; we, the undersigned, certify. =sous-sol=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (agri.) sub-soil, sub-stratum; basement. =sous-tangente=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (geom.) subtangent. =sous-tendante=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) (geom.) sub-tense chord. =sous-tendre=, _v.a._, (geom.) to subtend. =sous-titre=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (print.) sub-heading, second title. =soustraction=, _n.f._, (arith., jur.) subtraction; taking away. =soustraire= (soustrayant, soustrait), _v.a._, to take away, to remove; to withdraw; to shelter, to screen; (arith.) to subtract. _se_ =soustraire=, _v.r._, to escape, to avoid; to flee; to exempt one’s self; to withdraw; to be subtracted. _Se — au châtiment_; to avoid punishment. _Se — à la tyrannie_; to flee from tyranny. _Se — à la justice_; to fly from justice, to abscond. =sous-traitant=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) sub-contractor. =sous-traité=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) sub-contract. =sous-traiter=, _v.a._, to sub-contract. =sous-triple=, _adj._, (math.) sub-triple. =sous-triple=, =-e=, _adj._, (math.) sub-triplicate. _En raison —e_; in a sub-triplicate ratio. =soustylaire=, _n.f._, substyle (of a dial). =sous-variété=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) sub-variety. =sous-ventrière=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) belly-band. =soutache=, _n.f._, braid (of a hussar’s shako). =soutacher=, _v.a._, to braid (needlework). =soutane=, _n.f._, cassock; (fig.) cloth; priests. =soutanelle=, _n.f._, short cassock. =soute=, _n.f._, (nav.) store-room. _— aux poudres_; (nav.) powder-magazine, powder-room. _V._ =soulte=. _— à charbon_; coal-bunker; coal-chute. _— au pain_; bread-room; bread-pan. =soutenable= (soo-tnabl), _adj._, sustainable, maintainable; supportable, tenable. =soutenance=, _n.f._, the sustaining of a thesis. =soutenant= (soo-tnān), _n.m._, sustainer, mooter (student); respondent. =soutènement= (-tè-n-mān), _n.m._, (arch.) support, prop; (jur.) written explanation. _Mur de —_; breast-wall. =souteneur= (soo-tneur), _n.m._, bully; pimp. =soutenir= (soo-tnir), _v.a._, to support, to sustain, to bear, to bear up; to hold, to hold up; to keep up, to uphold; to assert, to maintain; to uphold, to affirm, to back, to stand by; to countenance, to favor; to prop, to prop up; to strengthen; to afford (an expense); to endure, to bear up against. _— une famille_; to support a family. _— la conversation_; to keep up the conversation. _— son rang_; to uphold, _or_ keep up, one’s rank. _— le combat_; to maintain the fight. _— la lumière_; to bear the light. _Il ne peut — la raillerie_; he cannot stand joking. _Le vin vous soutient_; wine strengthens one. _— une thèse_; to sustain a thesis. _— un siège_; to sustain a siege. _se_ =soutenir=, _v.r._, to support one’s self; to sustain one’s self; to stand up, to keep one’s self up; to bear up; to hold out; to succeed; to continue, to get on, not to flag. _Elle se soutient bien_; she holds out very well. _Son style ne se soutient pas_; his style is not sustained. _Se — contre_; to resist, to withstand. =soutenu=, =-e=, _adj._, supported, sustained; continued; unremitting, unceasing, constant; high, lofty, elevated. _Discours bien —_; well-sustained discourse. _Style —_; lofty style. =souterrain=, =-e=, _adj._, subterraneous, subterranean. _Voies —es_; underhand practices. =souterrain=, _n.m._, cavern, vault; tunnel; underground. =souterrainement=, _adv._, underground; (fig.) in an underhanded manner, secretly. =soutien= (-ti-in), _n.m._, stay, prop, support, staff; maintenance; sustenance; stiffening; supporter, upholder, vindicator, sustainer. =soutirage=, _n.m._, racking, drawing off (of wine). =soutirer=, _v.a._, to rack, to draw off (liquors); to get out of, to worm out of, to screw out of (to obtain). =soutre=, _n.m._, writing pad. ☉=souvenance= (soo-vnans), _n.f._, remembrance, recollection. _Avoir —_; to remember. =souvenez-vous-de-moi=, _n.m._, (_—_) (bot.) marsh scorpion-grass; forget-me-not. =souvenir= (soo-vnir), _n.m._, remembrance, recollection, memory, reminder; keepsake; memorandum-book; letter-rack. _Rappeler une chose au — de quelqu’un_; to remind any one of a thing. _Rappelez-moi à son —_; remember me to him. _se_ =souvenir=, _v.r._, to remember; to call to mind, to recollect; to bear in mind. _Se — du temps passé_; to remember past times. _Je m’en souviendrai_; I shall remember it. _Il me souvient_; I remember. _Il m’en souvient_; I remember it. _T’en souvient-il?_ do you remember? _Autant que je puis m’en —_; to the best of my recollection. _S’il m’en souvient bien_; if I recollect rightly. =souvent=, _adv._, often, oftentimes, frequently, many times. _Peu —_; rarely. ☉=souventefois= (-vant-foa), _adv._, oftentimes. =souverain=, =-e= (soo-vrin, -vrè-n), _n._ and _adj._, sovereign; supreme, superlative, highest, extreme, most excellent, infallible; final, without appeal. _Au — degré_; to a sovereign degree. =souverain=, _n.m._, sovereign (coin). =souverainement= (soo-vrè-n-mān), _adv._, extremely, in the extreme; finally; sovereignly, supremely, superlatively. =souveraineté= (souv-rè-n-té), _n.f._, sovereignty, supremacy, dominion; dominions. =soy=, _n.m._ _V._ =souï=. =soyeu-x=, _-se_, _adj._, silky, silken. =spacieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, spaciously. =spacieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, spacious, wide, roomy, large. =spadassin=, _n.m._, (b.s.) fighter, bully, hired assassin. *=spadille=, _n.m._, spadilla (at ombre). =spahi=, _n.m._, spahi (Algerian horse soldier). =spalme=, _n.m._, (nav.) paying-stuff. _V._ =courée= _or_ =courai=. =spalmer=, _v.a._, to grave, to pitch, to pay (a ship). _V._ =espalmer=. =spalt=, _n.m._, (min.) spalt. =sparadrap= (-dra-p), _n.m._, (pharm.) cerecloth. =spare=, _n.m._, (ich.) gilt-head. =spargoule= _or_ =spargoute=, _n.f._ _V._ =spergule=. =spartan= _or_ =sparton=, _n.m._, (nav.) rope made of esparto. =sparte=, _n.f._, (bot.) esparto; mat-weed. =sparterie=, _n.f._, manufacture of esparto; esparto articles. =spartiate=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, Spartan. =sparton=, _n.m._ _V._ =spartan=. =spasme=, _n.m._, spasm. =spasmodique=, _adj._, spasmodic. =spasmologie=, _n.f._, spasmology. =spath= (spat), _n.m._, (min.) spar. _— perlé_; pearl spar. _— fluor_; fluor-spar. =spathacé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) spathaceous. =spathe=, _n.f._, (bot.) spatha, spathe. =spathique=, _adj._, (min.) sparry, spathic. =spatule=, _n.f._, spatula; (orni.) spoon-bill. =spécial=, =-e=, _adj._, special, especial, peculiar, particular; professional (of a person). _Les hommes spéciaux_; professional men. =spécialement= (-al-mān), _adv._, especially, peculiarly, particularly. =spécialisation=, _n.f._, specialization. =spécialiser=, _v.n._, to specialize. =spécialiste=, _n.m._, (med.) specialist. _Médecin —_; specialist. =spécialité=, _n.f._, peculiarity, specialty; line, _or_ department, of business; special study. =spécieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, speciously, plausibly. =spécieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, specious, plausible. =spécificati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, specificative. =spécification=, _n.f._, specification. =spécifier=, _v.a._, to specify. =spécifique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, specific. =spécifiquement= (-fik-mān), _adv._, specifically. =spécimen= (-mè-n), _n.m._, (_—s_) specimen. =spéciosité=, _n.f._, speciousness. =spectacle=, _n.m._, play, spectacle, scene, sight, public view, show; play-house, performance; theater. _Salle de —_; play-house, theater. _Être en —_; to be exposed to public view. _Se donner en —_; to attract attention; to make one’s self conspicuous. _Programme_, or _affiche_, _de —_; play-bill. _Servir de —_; to be a butt for public laughter. _Jour de —_; play-night. _Aller au —_; to go to the play, _or_ theater. =spectat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, spectator, looker-on, by-stander. _pl._, (thea.) spectators, audience. _adj._, looking on. =spectral=, _adj._, (opt.) spectral; pertaining to the spectrum. =spectre=, _n.m._, specter, phantom, ghost; (phys.) spectrum. =spéculaire=, _adj._, (min.) specular, transparent. ☉_Science —_; the science of mirror-making. =spéculat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, speculator, investor. =spéculati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, speculative. =spéculatif=, _n.m._, speculative man, speculative mind. =spéculation=, _n.f._, speculation. =spéculativement=, _adv._, in a speculative manner. =spéculer=, _v.n._, to speculate. =speculum= (spé-cu-lom), _n.m._, (_—_) (surg.) speculum. ☉=spée=, _n.f._ _V._ =cépée=. =spencer= (spin-sèr), _n.m._, (_—s_) spencer (garment). =spergule=, _n.f._, (bot.) spurrey. =spermaceti= (-céti), _n.m._, (_n.p._) spermaceti, sperm. =spermatique=, _adj._, spermatic. =spermatocèle=, _n.f._, (med.) spermatocele. =spermatologie=, _n.f._, (med.) spermatology. =sperme=, _n.m._, sperm, seed. _— de baleine_, _blanc de baleine_; spermaceti. =spermophile=, _n.m._, ground squirrel. =sphacèle=, _n.m._, (med.) sphacelus. =sphacélé=, =-e=, _adj._, sphacelated. =sphénoïdal=, =-e=, _adj._, sphenoidal. =sphénoïde=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (anat.) sphenoid, sphenoidal. =sphère=, _n.f._, (geom.) sphere, globe; circle, orb, orbit. _Sortir de sa —_; to go out of one’s sphere. _Etude de la —_; use of the globes. =sphéricité=, _n.f._, sphericity. =sphérique=, _adj._, spherical, globose. _Triangle —_; curvilinear triangle. =sphériquement=, _adv._, spherically. =sphériste=, _n.m._, (antiq.) one who taught ball playing. =sphéristère=, _n.m._, (antiq.) ball playing ground. =sphéristique=, _n.f._, (antiq.) the art of ball playing. =sphéroïdal=, =-e=, _adj._, spheroidal. =sphéroïde=, _n.m._, (geom.) spheroid. =sphéromètre=, _n.m._, spherometer. =sphincter= (-tèr), _n.m._, (anat.) sphincter. =sphinx= (sfīnks), _n.m._, sphinx; (ent.) sphinx, hawk-moth. =sphragistique=, _n.f._, sphragistics. =spic=, _n.m._, (bot.) spike, lavender. =spica=, _n.m._, (surg.) spica-bandage, spica. =spicanard=, _n.m._, (bot.) spikenard. =spiccato=, _adv._, (mus.) spiccato. =spiciforme=, _adj._, spike-shaped. =spicule=, _n.m._, (bot.) spicule, spikelet. =spigélie=, _n.f._, (bot.) worm-grass. =spina-bifida=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) (med.) rickets. =spinal=, =-e=, _adj._, spinal. =spina-ventosa=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) (med.) spina-ventosa. =spinelle=, _n.m._, spinel, spinelle. =spinifère=, _n.m._, spiniferous. =spiniforme=, _adj._, spiniform. =spinosisme=, _n.m._, Spinozism. =spinosiste=, _n.m._, Spinozist. =spiral=, =-e=, _adj._, spiral. =spiral=, _n.m._, (horl.) spiral spring; hair-spring, balance spring. =spirale=, _n.f._, (geom.) spiral; spire; (conch.) turban. _En —_; spirally, winding round. _Aller en —_; to wind (up _or_ round). ☉=spiralement= (-ral-mān), _adv._, in a spiral form, spirally. =spiration=, _n.f._, (theol.) spiration. =spire=, _n.f._, (ancient arch.) spire; (geom.) helix, revolution of the helix. =spirée=, _n.f._, (bot.) spiræa (genus). _— ulmaire_, or _reine-des-prés_; meadow-sweet, queen of the meadow. _— filipendule_; dropwort. =spirite=, _n.m.f._, spirit-rapper, spiritist. =spiritisme=, _n.m._, spiritism, spiritualism. =spiritualisation=, _n.f._, (chem.) spiritualization. =spiritualiser=, _v.a._, to spiritualize. =spiritualisme=, _n.m._, spiritualism. =spiritualiste=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, spiritualist. =spiritualité=, _n.f._, spirituality. =spirituel=, _n.m._, spirituality (not temporality); (rel.) spiritual man. =spirituel=, =-le=, _adj._, spiritual (incorporeal); mental, intellectual; witty, shrewd, ingenious; sprightly, lively, intelligent. _Un homme fort —_; a very witty man. _Une réponse —le_; a witty answer. =spirituellement= (-èl-mān), _adv._, spiritually, in spirit, ingeniously, wittily, cleverly, shrewdly. =spiritueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, spirituous. =spiritueux=, _n.m._, spirit, spirits. _pl._, spirituous liquors. =splanchnique=, _adj._, (anat.) splanchnic. =splanchnologie= (splān-kno-), _n.f._, (anat.) splanchnology. =spleen= (spli-n), _n.m._, spleen, melancholy. =splénalgie=, _n.f._, spleenalgy. =splendeur=, _n.f._, splendor, brightness, luster; brilliancy, magnificence, pomp. =splendide=, _adj._, splendid, sumptuous, magnificent. =splendidement= (-did-mān), _adv._, splendidly, sumptuously, magnificently. =splénétique=, _adj._, _n.m.f._, splenetic. =splénique=, _adj._, (anat.) splenic. =spoliat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, spoiler, despoiler, spoliator. _adv._, despoiling, of spoliation. =spoliation=, _n.f._, spoliation. =spolier=, _v.a._, to spoliate, to despoil, to plunder, to rob. =spondaïque=, _n.m._ and _adj._, spondaic. =spondée=, _n.m._, spondee. =spondyle=, _n.m._, (anat.) spondyl, spondyle; (conch.) spondylus. =spondylite=, _n.f._, (med.) inflammation of the vertebræ. =spongieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, spongy. =spongiosité=, _n.f._, sponginess. =spongite=, _n.f._, (min.) spongite. =spontané=, =-e=, _adj._, spontaneous; voluntary. =spontanéité=, _n.f._, spontaneity, spontaneousness. =spontanément=, _adv._, spontaneously, of one’s own accord, voluntarily. =sponton=, _n.m._ _V._ =esponton=. =sporadique=, _adj._, (med.) sporadic. =spore=, _n.f._, (bot.) spore, sporule. =sport=, _n.m._, (_—s_) sport. =sportsman=, _n.m._, sportsman. =sportule=, _n.f._, dole, bribe, alms. =sporule=, _n.f._, (bot.) sporule, spore. =spouliner=, _v.a._, to spool (thread). =spumeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, spumous, foamy, frothy. =spumosité=, _n.f._, frothiness. =sputation=, _n.f._, (med.) sputation, expectoration. =squale= (skooal), _n.m._, (ich.) dog-fish, shark. =squammeu-x=, =-se= (skooa-), _adj._, squamous, scaly, squamose. =square= (skooêr), _n.m._, (_—s_) square (public place). =squelette=, _n.m._, skeleton; carcass, frame (of a ship). _C’est un —_, _c’est un vrai —_; (pers.) he, she, is a living skeleton. *=squille=, _n.f._, squill (crustaceous animal). =squinancie=. _V._ =esquinancie=. =squine=, _n.f._, (bot.) China-root. =squirre= _or_ =squirrhe= (skir), _n.m._, (med.) scirrhus, glandular tumor. =squirreu-x=, =-se=, _or_ =squirrheu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, scirrhous. =s.s.=, initial letters of _Sa Sainteté_, His Holiness, title of the Pope. =s.s.=, =p.p.=, abbreviations of _Saints Pères_; Holy Fathers. =st!= _int._, here, come here! hi! hoy! I say! =stabat mater=, _n.m._, (_—_) (c.rel.) Stabat Mater. =stabilité=, _n.f._, stability, consistence, firmness, solidity; durability, steadfastness. _Manquer de —_; to lack stability. =stable=, _adj._, stable, solid, firm, durable, lasting, permanent; steadfast. =stade=, _n.m._, (antiq.) stadium (185 m.); furlong (Eng. measure); stade; (med.) stage, period. =stage=, _n.m._, term of probation, residence; (rail.) luggage-van. _Faire son —_; to keep one’s terms (as a probationer). =stagiaire=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, licentiate in law going through his stage. _Avocat —_; licentiate in law (not admitted to the bar) _or_ probationer. _adj._, attending terms, going through his course. =stagirite=, _n.m._, stagyrite. =stagnant=, =-e=, _adj._, stagnant, standing still. =stagnation=, _n.f._, stagnation, stagnancy. *=stagnon=, _n.m._ _V._ =estagnon=. =stalactite=, _n.f._, (min.) stalactite. =stalagmite=, _n.f._, (min.) stalagmite. =stalle=, _n.f._, stall (for horses). =stamenais=, _n.m.pl._, (nav.) lower futtocks. =staminé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) staminate, stamened. =staminifère=, _adj._, (bot.) staminiferous. =staminiforme=, _adj._, staminiform. =stance=, _n.f._, stanza. =stangue= (stān-g), _n.f._, (her.) shank of an anchor. =stannifère=, _adj._, stanniferous, tinny. _Terrain —_; tin-ground. _Veine —_; tin-floor. =staphisaigre=, _n.f._, (bot.) stavesacre, licebane, lousewort. =staphylin=, _n.m._, (ent.) staphylinus. =staphylôme=, _n.m._, (med.) staphyloma, staphylosis. =staroste=, _n.m._, starost (Polish noble). =starostie= (-tî), _n.f._, starosty (fief). =stase=, _n.f._, (med.) arrest, stagnation (of the blood). =stathouder= (-dèr), _n.m._, stadtholder. =stathoudérat=, _n.m._, stadtholdership, stadtholderate. =statice=, _n.f._, (bot.) sea-lavender. =station=, _n.f._, action of standing; manner of standing; stay; station (short stay); stoppage; stand (of public coaches); (railway) station; halt; stoppage. _Il n’y a point de voitures à la —_; there are no cabs on the stand. _Chef de —_; (rail.) station-master. =stationnaire=, _adj._, stationary. =stationnaire=, _n.m._, (nav.) guard-ship, police-ship. =stationnal=, _adj._, stational (of churches). =stationnement= (-sio-n-mān), _n.m._, stationing, stoppage; standing (of cabs). =stationner=, _v.n._, to stop, to stand (of cabs). =statique=, _n.f._, statics. =statisticien= (-si-in), _n.m._, statistician. =statistique=, _n.f._, statistics, returns. =statuaire=, _n.m._, (pers.) statuary. =statuaire=, _adj._, statuary. =statuaire=, _n.f._, statuary (art). =statue=, _n.f._, statue, figure; (Bibl.) pillar. =statuer=, _v.a._, to decree, to resolve, to ordain, to enact. _v.n._, to make laws. =statuette=, _n.f._, small statue, statuette. =statu quo=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) statu quo. _In —_; in statu quo. =stature=, _n.f._, stature, height. =statut=, _n.m._, statute, decree; by-law, written law; article (of association). =statutaire=, _adj._, statutory, conformable to statute. =steamer= (sti-meur), _n.m._, (_—s_) steamer. =stéarine=, _n.f._, (chem.) stearine. =stéarique=, _adj._, (chem.) stearic. =stéatite=, _n.f._, (min.) steatite. =stéatocèle=, _n.f._, (med.) steatocele. =stéatôme=, _n.m._, (med.) steatoma. =steeple-chase=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) steeple-chase. =stèle=, _n.f._, (arch.) stela; (of a sun-dial) pedestal. =stellaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) stitchwort. =stellaire=, _adj._, (astron.) stellar, stellary, starry. =stelliforme=, _adj._, stelliform, in the shape of a star. =stellion=, _n.m._, star-lizard. =stellionat=, _n.m._, (jur.) stellionate. =stellionataire=, _n.m._, (jur.) person guilty of stellionate. =sténographe=, _n.m._, stenographer, short-hand writer; reporter. _— des chambres_; parliamentary reporter. =sténographie=, _n.f._, stenography, shorthand. =sténographier=, _v.a._, to write in short-hand, to take down in short-hand, to report. =sténographique=, _adj._, stenographical. =sténographiquement=, _adv._, stenographically. =stentor=, _n.m._, Stentor. _D’une voix de —_; in a stentorian voice. =steppe=, _n.m._ or _f._, steppe. =stercoraire=, _adj._, stercoraceous, stercorary. =stère=, _n.m._, (French measure) stere, cubic meter (35.3174 cubic feet). =stéréobate=, _n.m._, (arch.) stereobate. =stéréographie=, _n.f._, stereography. =stéréographique=, _adj._, stereographic, stereographical. =stéréométrie=, _n.f._, (geom.) stereometry. =stéréoscope=, _n.m._, stereoscope. =stéréotomie=, _n.f._, (geom.) stereotomy. =stéréotypage=, _n.m._, stereotyping. =stéréotype=, _adj._, stereotype. =stéréotyper=, _v.a._, to stereotype. =stéréotypeur=, _n.m._, stereotyper. =stéréotypie=, _n.f._, stereotypy; stereotype printing; stereotype printing-office. =stérile=, _adj._, sterile, barren, unfruitful; (fig.) fruitless, vain; farrow (of cows). _Année —_; year of dearth. _Ouvrage —_; dry work. _Gloire —_; empty glory. _Vache —_; farrow cow. =stérilement=, _adv._, barrenly, unfruitfully. =stériliser=, _v.a._, to make, to render, sterile; to sterilize. =stérilité=, _n.f._, sterility, barrenness, unfruitfulness; (fig.) dearth, scarcity. _— de nouvelles_; scarcity, _or_ dearth, of news. =sterling=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, _invariable_, sterling. _Monnaie —_; sterling. _Livre —_; pound sterling. =sterne=, _n.m._, (orni.) tern, black tern. =sternum= (-nom), _n.m._, (_—_) (anat.) sternum, breast-bone. =sternutatoire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, sternutatory. =stertoreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) stertorous. =stéthoscope=, _n.m._, (med.) stethoscope. =stibié=, =-e=, _adj._, (pharm.) stibial, antimonial. =stigmate=, _n.m._, scar, stigma, brand, mark of infamy; mark, spot, trace, stain; (ent.) spiracle; (bot.) stigma. _pl._, (theol.) stigmata. _— flétrissant_; mark of infamy, stigma of infamy. _Porter les —s de la petite vérole_; to be pock-marked. =stigmatiser=, _v.a._, to brand (with a hot iron); to stigmatize, to brand. =stil de grain=, _n.m._, (paint.) yellow lake. =stillation=, _n.f._, (phys.) dripping, dropping. =stimulant=, =-e=, _adj._, stimulating, stimulant. =stimulant=, _n.m._, stimulant, stimulus. =stimulat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, stimulating. =stimulation=, _n.f._, stimulation. =stimuler=, _v.a._, to stimulate, to excite, to rouse, to spur on, to urge forward. =stimulus=, _n.m._, (med.) stimulus. =stipe=, _n.f._, (bot.) feather-grass, stipa; ☉a tax on leases. =stipe=, _n.m._, (bot.) stipe; caudex. =stipelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) stipel. =stipendiaire=, _adj._, stipendiary, hired. =stipendié=, _n.m._, stipendiary, hireling. =stipendier=, _v.a._, to hire, to keep in pay. =stipulacé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) stipulaceous. =stipulant=, =-e=, _adj._, (jur.) stipulating. =stipulation=, _n.f._, stipulation. =stipule=, _n.f._, (bot.) stipula, stipule. =stipuler=, _v.a._, to stipulate; (jur.) to covenant, to contract. =stock=, _n.m._, (_—_) (com.) stock. =stockfisch=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) stockfish. =stoff=, _n.m._, stuff (cotton or woolen). =stoïcien=, =-ne=, (-in, -è-n), _n._ and _adj._, stoic; stoical. =stoïcisme=, _n.m._, stoicism, stoicalness. =stoïcité=, _n.f._, stoicism. =stoïque=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, stoic; stoical. =stoïquement= (-ik-mān), _adv._, stoically. =stokfiche=, _n.m._ _V._ =stockfisch=. =stole=, _n.f._, (antiq.) stola. =stomacal=, =-e=, _adj._, stomachic. =stomachique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (med.) stomachic; (anat.) of the stomach. =stomate=, _n.m._, (bot.) stomatum. =stopper=, _v.a._ and _n._, to stop (a railway train, a steamboat, an engine). =stoppeur=, _n.m._, (nav.) stopper. =storax= (-aks), _n.m._, (bot., pharm.) storax. =store=, _n.m._, spring-roller blind, roller-blind; blind. _Lever les —s_; to pull up the blinds. _Baisser les —s_; to let the blinds down, or pull down the blinds. =storthing=, _n.m._, Storthing (Norway legislative body). =strabisme=, _n.m._, (med.) strabism; squinting. =strabite=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, squint-eyed; squinting. =stramonium=, _n.m._, (bot.) stramony, thorn-apple. =strangulation=, _n.f._, strangulation. ☉=stranguler=, _v.a._ _V._ =étrangler=. =strangurie=, _n.f._, (med.) strangury. =strapasser=, _v.a._, ☉to drub, to bang, to thrash; (paint.) (l.u.) to rough-sketch, to paint carelessly, to daub. =strapasson=, _n.m._, dauber, rough-sketcher. =strapassonner=, _v.a._, (paint.). _V._ =strapasser=. =strapontin=, _n.m._, bracket seat (of carriages). =stras= (strâs), _n.m._, strass, paste (of jewels). =strasse=, _n.f._, floss-silk. =stratagème=, _n.m._, stratagem. =strate=, _n.f._, (geol.) stratum. =stratégie=, _n.f._, strategy. =stratégique=, _adj._, strategic, strategical. =stratégiste=, _n.m._, strategist. =stratification=, _n.f._, stratification. =stratifier=, _v.a._, to stratify. =stratocratie= (-ci), _n.f._, stratocracy. =stratographie=, _n.f._, stratography. =strélitz=, _n.m._, strelitz. =strette=, _n.f._, (mus.) stretto (part of a fugue). =stribord=, _n.m._ (nav.). _V._ =tribord=. =strict= (strikt), =-e=, _adj._, strict, precise, rigid, severe, rigorous. =strictement=, _adv._, strictly, precisely, rigidly, severely, rigorously. =stricture=, _n.f._, (med.) (l.u.) stricture. =strident=, =-e=, _adj._, strident, harsh, jarring, screeching, shrill. _Voix —e_; shrill voice. =strideur=, _n.f._, harshness, creaking (of sound). =strié=, =-e=, _adj._, (min., arch., natural hist.) striate, striated, channeled, streaked. =strie=, _n.f._, (natural hist.) striæ; (arch.) fillet, fluting, streak. =strier=, _v.n._, to streak. =strige=, _n.f._, _or_ =stryge=, _n.m._, vampire, ghost. =strigile=, _n.m._, (antiq.) strigil. =strigueu-x=, =-se= (-gheû, -z), _adj._, (bot.) strigous, strigose. =striures=, _n.f.pl._ _V._ =strie=. =strobile=, _n.m._, (bot.). _V._ =cône= (bot.). =strophe=, _n.f._, strophe. =structure=, _n.f._, structure, construction, form, make; (fig.) arrangement, disposition. =strumeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, strumous, scrofulous. =strychnine= (strik-), _n.f._, (med.) strychnine, strychnia. =strychnos= (stri-knôs), _n.m._, (bot.) strychnos. =stryge=, _n.m._ _V._ =strige=. =stuc=, _n.m._, stucco, stucco-work. _Enduire de —_; to stucco. =stucateur=, _n.m._, stucco plasterer. =studieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, studiously. =studieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, studious. =stupéfacti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) stupefactive. =stupéfaction=, _n.f._, (med.) stupefaction; stupefaction, great astonishment. =stupéfait=, =-e=, _adj._, stupefied, astonished; astounded, dumfounded, thunderstruck. =stupéfiant=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) stupefactive, stupefying, dumfounding, stunning. =stupéfiant=, _n.m._, (med.) narcotic. =stupéfier=, _v.a._, (med.) to stupefy; to stupefy, to astonish, to astound, to amaze, to dumfound. =stupeur=, _n.f._, (med.) stupor; stupor, astonishment, amazement. =stupide=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, stupid person _or_ fellow, blockhead; stupid, senseless, dull. =stupidement= (-pid-mān), _adv._, stupidly, senselessly. =stupidité=, _n.f._, stupidity, stupidness, dullness; stupid thing, piece of stupidity. =stupre=, _n.m._, stupration. =stygmate=, _n.m._ _V._ =stigmate=. =style=, _n.m._, style, tone, manner, strain; (fine arts) style; (chronology) style; (bot.) style. _— décousu_; unconnected style. _— badin_; jocular style. _— fleuri_; florid style. _— coulant_; fluent style. _— soutenu_; elevated, lofty, style. _— de pratique_; law terms. _— de cadran_; style, _or_ gnomon (of a dial). _Vieux —_; old style; old-fashioned. _Voilà bien son —_; that is just his way, that’s just like him. =stylé=, =-e=, _adj._, trained, taught; clever; stylish, dashing. =styler=, _v.a._, to train, to bring up, to use, to accustom, to form. =stylet=, _n.m._, stiletto; (surg.) probe, stylet. =styliforme=, _adj._, (bot.) styliform. =stylite=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (rel. hist.) stylite. =stylobate=, _n.m._, (arch.) stylobate. =styloïde=, _adj._, (anat.) styloid. =styptique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (med.) styptic. =styrax=, _n.m._, (bot., pharm.) storax. =su=, _n.m._, knowledge. _Au — de_; to the knowledge of. _Au vu et au — de tout le monde_; as everybody knows. =su=, _part._ (of _savoir_), known. =suage=, _n.m._, dampness, oozing; (nav.) paving-stuff. =suaire=, _n.m._, winding-sheet, shroud. =suant=, =-e=, _adj._, sweating, in a sweat; perspiring, dripping with sweat. =suave=, _adj._, sweet; agreeable, pleasant; fragrant, odoriferous; soft. =suavement= (-av-mān), _adv._, sweetly, agreeably, pleasantly. =suavité=, _n.f._, suavity; sweetness, fragrance, pleasantness, agreeableness. =subalterne=, _n.m._ and _adj._, subaltern, subordinate, inferior. =subalternité=, _n.f._, subordination; inferior position. =subdélégation=, _n.f._, subdelegation. =subdélégué= (-ghé), _n.m._, subdelegate. =subdéléguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to subdelegate. =subdiviser=, _v.a._, to subdivide. _se_ =subdiviser=, _v.r._, to subdivide, to be subdivided. =subdivision=, _n.f._, subdivision. =subéreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (bot.) suberous, corky. =subérique=, _adj._, suberic. =subfossile=, _adj._, subfossil. =subintrant=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) subintrans, quotidian (beginning before the other is over) (of attacks of fever). =subir=, _v.a._, to undergo, to suffer, to submit, to sustain, to support, to go through, to pass; to put up with. _— son sort_; to submit to one’s fate. _— la question_; to undergo torture. _— un examen_; to pass an examination, to undergo an examination. _— un interrogatoire_; to be cross-examined. _Se —_; to put up with one another; to be suffered. =subit=, =-e=, _adj._, sudden, unexpected. =subitement= (-bit-mān), _adv._, suddenly, on a sudden, all of a sudden, unexpectedly. =subito=, _adv._, suddenly, on a sudden, all of a sudden. =subjecti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, subjective. =subjectivement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, subjectively. =subjectivité=, _n.f._, (philos.) subjectivity. =subjonctif=, _n.m._, (gram.) subjunctive. =subjugation=, _n.f._, subjugation. =subjuguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to subjugate, to subdue, to subject, to bring under the dominion of, to bring under subjection, to master, to get the better of, to overcome; to captivate. =subjugueur=, _n.m._, subduer, subjugator. =sublimable=, _adj._, (chem.) sublimable. =sublimation=, _n.f._, (chem.) sublimation, subliming. =sublimatoire=, _n.m._, (chem.) subliming pot. =sublime=, _n.m._ and _adj._, sublime, sublimity. =sublimé=, _n.m._, (chem.) sublimate. =sublimement=, _adv._, sublimely. =sublimer=, _v.a._, (chem.) to sublimate. =sublimité=, _n.f._, sublimity. =sublingual=, =-e= (-gooal), _adj._, (anat.) sublingual. =sublunaire=, _adj._, sublunar, sublunary. =submerger=, _v.a._, to submerge, to swamp, to sink, to drown; to overwhelm. =submersible=, _adj._, submergible; (bot.) submerse. =submersion=, _n.f._, submersion. =subodorer=, _v.a._, to scent at a distance. =subordination=, _n.f._, subordination. =subordonné=, =-e=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, subordinate, inferior, dependent. =subordonnément=, _adv._, subordinately. =subordonner=, _v.a._, to subordinate. ☉=subornateur=, _n.m._ _V._ =suborneur=. =subornation=, _n.f._, subornation, bribery, bribing; (jur.) embracery (of juries). =suborner=, _v.a._, to suborn, to bribe, to tamper with; (jur.) to embrace, to attempt to corrupt (a jury). =suborneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, suborner, briber; (jur.) embracer (of juries). =suborneu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, suborning, bribing. =subrécargue= (-kar-g), _n.m._, (com., nav.) supercargo. =subrécot=, _n.m._, after-reckoning, fresh demand. =subreptice=, _adj._, surreptitious. =subrepticement= (-tis-mān), _adv._, surreptitiously. =subreption=, _n.f._, subreption. =subrogation=, _n.f._, (jur.) subrogation. =subrogatoire=, _adj._, subrogatory. =subrogé=, =-e=, _adj._, surrogated. _— tuteur_; deputy-guardian (to watch over trustees). _Evêque —_; suffragan bishop, surrogate. =subroger=, _v.a._, (jur.) to surrogate. _Se —_; to be surrogated. =subséquemment= (-ka-mān), _adv._, subsequently. =subséquent=, =-e=, _adj._, subsequent. =subside=, _n.m._, subsidy, aid. _pl._, supplies, supply (of the state). =subsidiaire=, _adj._, subsidiary, auxiliary, collateral, additional. =subsidiairement= (-dièr-mān), _adv._, further, also, likewise; in a subsidiary manner, collaterally, additionally. =subsistance=, _n.f._, subsistence, sustenance, maintenance, support, allowance. _Tirer sa — de_; to get one’s living by. =subsistant=, =-e=, _adj._, subsisting, subsistent, existing, extant, being, living. =subsister=, _v.n._, to subsist, to stand, to continue, to be extant, to have existence; to be in force; to hold good; to exist, to live. _J’ai de la peine à —_; I can hardly get a livelihood. =substance=, _n.f._, substance. _En —_; summarily, in substance. =substantiel=, =-le=, _adj._, substantial. =substantiellement= (-sièl-mān), _adv._, (theol.) substantially. =substantif=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (gram.) substantive. =substantive=, _adj.f._, (dy.) substantive, substantial. _Couleur —_; substantive color. =substantivement= (-tiv-mān), _adv._, substantively. =substituer=, _v.a._, to substitute, to change, to replace; (jur.) to entail; (jur.) to appoint. _Propriété substituée_; entailed estate. _se_ =substituer=, _v.r._, to substitute one’s self; to supersede, to replace. =substitut=, _n.m._, substitute, deputy, delegate, surrogate. =substitution=, _n.f._, substitution; (jur.) entail; (jur.) estate in tail. =substratum= (-tom), _n.m._, (n.p.) (philos.) substratum. =substruction=, _n.f._, (arch.) substructure. =substructure=, _n.f._, substructure. =subterfuge=, _n.m._, subterfuge, evasion, shift. =subtil=, =-e=, _adj._, subtile, thin, fine; acute, keen, sharp, quick, sagacious; ready, dexterous; cunning, smart, shrewd, artful, crafty. =subtilement= (-til-mān), _adv._, subtly, artfully, slyly; finely, cunningly, dexterously; acutely, sharply, smartly. =subtilisation=, _n.f._, (chem.) subtilization. =subtiliser=, _v.a._, to subtilize, to refine; (fam.) to cheat, to take in, to deceive. =subtiliser=, _v.n._, to subtilize. =subtiliseu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, subtilizer; abstracter. =subtilité=, _n.f._, subtlety; fineness, penetration, refinement, acuteness; subtleness, expertness, adroitness, shrewdness, nicety of discrimination; cunning, artfulness, craftiness. _La — des sens_; the acuteness of the senses. _— d’esprit_; refinement of mind. =subulé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) subulate, awl-shaped. =suburbain=, =-e= (-bīn, bè-n), _adj._, suburban. =suburbicaire=, _adj._, (Roman antiq.) suburbicarian; (c.rel.) within the diocese of Rome. =subvenir=, _v.n._, to relieve, to help, to assist; to supply, to provide, to afford. _— aux besoins de quelqu’un_; to provide for any one’s wants. _Si je puis y —_; if I can afford it, _or_ find the ways and means. =subvention=, _n.f._, supply, subsidy, grant; aid, help, subvention. =subventionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, subventional. =subventionner=, _v.a._, to grant a relief (in public money), to subsidize, to subvention; to endow, to assist, to aid. =subversi-f=, =-ve= (-vèr-), _adj._, subversive. =subversion= (-vèr-), _n.f._, subversion, ruin, overthrow, destruction. =subvertir= (-vèr-), _v.a._, to subvert, to destroy, to overthrow, to ruin. =suc=, _n.m._, juice, essence, quintessence. _— gastrique_; gastric juice. =succédané=, _n.m._, (med.) succedaneum, substitute. =succédané=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) succedaneous. =succéder=, _v.n._, to succeed, to follow; to inherit. _La nuit succède au jour_; night follows day. _— à quelqu’un_; to succeed any one. _— à un royaume_; to succeed to a kingdom. _Tout lui succède_; he, she, is successful in everything. _se_ =succéder=, _v.r._, to succeed one another, to follow one another. =succès=, _n.m._, success. _— de circonstance_; accidental success. _— d’estime_; indifferent success. =successeur= (suk-sè-), _n.m._, successor. =successibilité= (suk-sè-), _n.f._, (jur.) right of succession. =successible= (suk-sè-), _adj._, (jur.) heritable, capable of inheriting. =successi-f=, =-ve= (suk-sè-), _adj._, successive, (jur.) in succession. =succession= (suk-sè-), _n.f._, succession, inheritance, heritage, heirs, estate; series. _Renoncer à une —_; to give up one’s right to a succession. _Par — de temps_; in process of time. _Droit d’administrer la —_; (jur.) letters of administration. _Recueillir une —_; to acquire an inheritance, to have an estate left one, to come into property. _Acte de —_; act of settlement. _Droit de —_; right of succession; legacy-duty, probate-duty. =successivement= (suk-sè-siv-mān), _adv._, successively, in succession. =succin= (suk-sīn), _n.m._, yellow amber. =succinct=, =-e= (suk-sīn, -t), _adj._, succinct, concise, brief, short. =succinctement= (suk-sīnt-mān), _adv._, succinctly, briefly, concisely. =succion= (suk-si-), _n.f._, suction, sucking. =succomber=, _v.n._, to sink under _or_ beneath, to fall; to yield, to succumb, to be overcome, to fail, to be worsted, to get the worst of it; to die, to perish. _— à la douleur_; to be overcome with grief. _— à la tentation_; to yield to temptation. _— sous le faix_; to sink under the burden. =succube=, _n.m._, succubus. =succulemment=, _adv._, succulently. =succulence=, _n.f._, succulence, succulency. =succulent=, =-e=, _adj._, succulent, juicy; nutritious, rich. =succursale=, _n._ and _adj._ _f._, (eccl.) chapel of ease, branch establishment, auxiliary branch; branch-bank. =succursaliste=, _n.m._, curate of a chapel of ease. =sucement= (sus-mān), _n.m._, sucking, suck. =sucer=, _v.a._, to suck, to suck in, to imbibe; to suck out; to suck up; to draw, to drain. Se —; to be sucked. =sucet=, _n.m._, (ich.) sucking-fish, sucker, remora; (orni.) common wren. =suceur=, _n.m._ and _adj._, sucker; sucking; (zoöl.) suctorian. =suçoir=, _n.m._, sucker; (ent.) proboscis. =suçon=, _n.m._, spot made by sucking; sucking-mark; stick of barley-sugar. =suçoter=, _v.a._, to keep sucking, to suck gradually, to suck at. _— un sucre d’orge_; to suck a stick of barley-sugar. =sucre=, _n.m._, sugar. _— brut_; raw sugar, moist sugar, brown sugar. _— pilé_ or _en poudre_; powdered sugar, ground sugar; sifted, _or_ castor, sugar. _— raffiné_; refined sugar, lump sugar, loaf sugar. _— d’orge_; barley-sugar. _Pain de —_; sugar-loaf. _— en pain_; loaf sugar. _Être tout — et tout miel_; to be all honey. =sucré=, =-e=, _part._, sugared, sweet, sugary, luscious; (fig.) demure, prim, honeyed, bland. _Air —_; prim air. _Eau —e_; sugar and water. =sucrer=, _v.a._, to sugar, to sweeten, to put sugar in. _Se —_; to put sugar in (one’s tea or coffee). _Sucrez-vous_; take some sugar. =sucrerie=, _n.f._, sugar-house, sugar-works, sugar-refinery; sweetmeat; confectionery; sweets. =sucrier=, _n.m._, sugar-bowl, sugar-basin; sugar-maker. =sucr-ier=, =-ière=, _adj._, sugar, of sugar. _Industrie —ère_; sugar-trade. =sucrin=, _adj._, sugary (melons). =sud= (sud), _n.m._, South; south wind. _Du —_; southern. _Vers le —_; southward. —-est; south-east. _Au —_; southward. _Courir au —_; to steer a southerly course. =sud=, _adj._, south, southerly (of the wind). =sudation=, _n.f._, (med.) sudation, sweating. =sudatoire=, _adj._, sudatory. =sudiste=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, Southerner (American politics). =sudorifère=, _adj._, (med.) sudoriferous. =sudorifique=, _n.m._, and _adj._, (med.) sudorific. =sudoripare=, _adj._, sudoriparous. =sud-ouest= (sud-ooèst), _n.m._, south-west. =suédois=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Swede; Swedish. _A la —e_; Swedish fashion. =suée=, _n.f._, sweating; (fam., pop.) sudden fright, sudden fear. =suer=, _v.n._, to sweat, to be in a sweat, to perspire; to toil, to drudge, to ooze, to ooze out; to sputter; to become damp (of walls). _— à grosses gouttes_; to perspire profusely. _Faire — le tabac_; to heat tobacco. _Faire —_; (fig.) to try any one’s patience; to sicken any one. =suer=, _v.a._, to sweat. _— sang et eau_; to toil and moil, to strain every nerve. =suerie= (sû-rî), _n.f._, drying-place (for tobacco). =suette=, _n.f._, sweating sickness. _— miliaire_; miliary fever. =sueur=, _n.f._, sweat, perspiration; sweating. _pl._, labor, toil, pains. _— rentrée_; (med.) suppressed perspiration. _À la — de_; by the sweat of. =suffire= (suffisant, suffi), _v.n._, to suffice, to be sufficient, to be enough; to be adequate, to be equal to. _Le peu que j’ai me suffit_; the little I have is sufficient for, _or_ suffices, me. _Qu’il vous suffise que_; let it suffice you that. _Il suffit que vous le disiez pour que je le croie_; your saying so is sufficient for me to believe it. _On ne peut pas — à tout_; it is impossible to provide for everything, to attend to everything, to guard against everything. _Suffit_, _cela suffit!_; enough, that’s enough, no more! _À chaque jour suffit sa peine_; sufficient for the day is the evil thereof. _se_ =suffire=, _v.r._, to support one’s self, to keep one’s self, to provide for one’s self; to find resources in one’s self. =suffisamment= (-za-mān), _adv._, sufficiently, enough. =suffisance=, _n.f._, sufficiency, competency, adequacy; ☉ability; conceit, pride, presumption; self-sufficiency, bumptiousness. _Avoir — de vivres_; to have provisions enough. _À —_, _en —_; sufficiently, enough. _Un air de —_; a self-conceited air. =suffisant=, =-e=, _adj._, sufficient, enough; consequential, conceited, self-sufficient, stuck up. =suffisant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, self-conceited person, bumptious, stuck-up person. =suffixe=, _n.m._, (gram.) suffix. =suffocant=, =-e=, _adj._, suffocating, choking, stifling. =suffocation=, _n.f._, suffocation, choking, stifling. =suffoquer=, _v.a._, to suffocate, to stifle, to choke. =suffoquer=, _v.n._, to suffocate, to stifle, to choke. _— de rage_, _de colère_; to be choking with rage, with anger. =suffragant=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, suffragan. =suffrage=, _n.m._, suffrage, vote; approbation, commendation, support. _— universel_; manhood suffrage. =suffumigation=, _n.f._, (med.) suffumigation. =suffusion=, _n.f._, (med.) suffusion. =suggérer= (sug-jé-), _v.a._, to suggest, to hint, to intimate. _Se —_; to be suggested. =suggestion= (sug-jès-ti-on), _n.f._, (b.s.) suggestion, hint, instigation, intimation; inspiration. =suicide=, _n.m._, suicide, self-murder; self-destruction; (pers.) suicide, self-murderer; (jur.) (pers.) felo de se. =suicidé=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, self-murderer, suicide. _se_ =suicider=, _v.r._, to commit suicide, to make away with one’s self. =suie=, _n.f._, soot. =suif=, _n.m._, tallow; candle-grease; (nav.) coat, stuff. _Donner un — à quelqu’un_; (pop.) to blow up any one, to give a good blowing up to. _Donner un — à un vaisseau_; (nav.) to pay a ship. _Pain de —_; crackling. =suifer=, _v.a._, to tallow; (nav.) to pay a ship. =suifeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, tallowy, greasy. =sui generis=, _adj._, sui generis, of its own particular kind. =suint=, _n.m._, grease; yolk (of wool). =suintement= (suint-mān), _n.m._, oozing, ooze, sweating, leaking. =suinter=, _v.n._, to ooze, to leak, to run. =suisse=, _n.m._, Swiss; head porter (of a mansion); beadle (of a church); (mam.) ground squirrel. =suissesse=, _n.f._, Swiss woman. =suite=, _n.f._, rest; retinue, train, attendance, attendants; sequel; continuation; series, succession; connection, order; set; consequence, result, progress, course; consistency, coherence. _À la —_; after, behind; (mil.) on half-pay, honorary. _Dans la —_; eventually, afterwards. _— de médailles_; set of medals. _Cela peut avoir de fâcheuses —s_; that may be attended with disagreeable consequences. _Sans —_; unconnected; unattended. _N’avoir pas de —s_; to have no bad consequences; to have no coherence; to have no relatives; not to be followed up. _N’avoir pas d’esprit de —_; not to be consistent; to keep at nothing long. _Donner — à_; to follow up, to carry out, to proceed with. _Propos sans —_; desultory talk. _Faire — à_; to be a continuation of, to follow. _De —_; one after another, consecutively, following. _Tout de —_; immediately, at once. _Et ainsi de —_; and so forth, and so on. _La — au prochain numéro_; to be continued (of stories). =suivant=, _prep._, according to, agreeably to; in the opinion of, in pursuance of, conformably to. =suivant que=, _conj._, as, according as. =suivant=, =-e=, _adj._, next, following, succeeding, subsequent, ensuing. =suivant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, follower, attendant; near relation. _—e_; waiting-maid; lady’s maid; (thea.) chambermaid. =suiver=, _v.a._, to tallow. _V._ =suifer=. =suivi=, =-e=, _part._, followed; connected; consistent, coherent, regular; constant, sought after, popular. _Discours bien —_; coherent discourse. =suivre= (suivant, suivi), _v.a._, to follow, to go after, to come after, to go next, to be next, to come next; to pursue; to attend, to go with, to accompany; to attend; to follow; to observe; (nav.) to hug (the coast); to give way to, to indulge. _— de près_, _— de loin_; to follow close, to follow at a distance. _— son chemin_; to go one’s way. _— le barreau_; to follow the profession of the law. _— la mode_; to follow the fashion. _— sa pointe_; to pursue one’s end. _Faire —_; to have (a person) followed; to send on, to be forwarded (of letters, etc.); (com.) to charge forward. _se_ =suivre=, _v.r._, to follow each other, to succeed each other; to be connected, to be continuous. =suivre=, _v.n._, to follow, to go after, to come after; to pay attention; to attend, to result, to ensue. _Faites —_; (print.) run on. _À —_; (of articles or stories) to be continued. =sujet=, =-te=, _n._ and _adj._, subject (to); subjected, amenable (to), liable (to), exposed (to); apt (to), addicted (to), inclined (to). _— aux lois_; amenable to the laws. _— à caution_; not to be trusted, not trustworthy, suspicious, not to be relied upon. _Être — à l’heure_; to be tied to time. =sujet=, =-te=, _n.m.f._, subject; person, individual; cause, reason; matter, motive, occasion, ground, account; theme, argument, topic; (hort.) stock. _J’ai — de me plaindre_; I have reason to complain. _S’éloigner de son —_; to wander from one’s subject. _Mauvais —_; worthless fellow, scamp, bad lot. _Petit mauvais —_; little rascal (of children). =sujétion=, _n.f._, subjection, dependence, constraint. =sulfate=, _n.m._, (chem.) sulphate. =sulfaté=, =-e=, _adj._, (chem.) sulphatic, sulphated. =sulfhydrate=, _n.m._, (chem.) hydrosulphate. =sulfhydrique=, _adj._, (chem.) hydrosulphuric. =sulfite=, _n.m._, (chem.) sulphite. =sulfuration=, _n.f._, (chem.) sulphuration. =sulfure=, _n.m._, (chem.) sulphuret. =sulfuré=, =-e=, _adj._, (chem.) sulphureted. =sulfureu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, sulphurous, sulphureous, sulphury. =sulfurique=, _adj._, (chem.) sulphuric. =sultan=, _n.m._, sultan; scent-satchel, scent-basket. =sultanat=, _n.m._, sultanate. =sultane=, _n.f._, sultana, sultaness; Turkish man-of-war. =sultanin=, _n.m._, sultanin (Turkish coin). =sumac=, _n.m._, sumac-tree; sumac. =sund= (=le=), _n.m._, The Sound (between Denmark and Sweden). =sunnite=, _n.m._ _V._ =schiite=. =super= (su-pé), _v.n._, (nav.) to be stopped up. =superbe= (-pèrb), _n.m._ and _adj._, (Bibl.) proud, haughty man; proud, arrogant; superb, splendid; gorgeous, stately; lofty; supercilious, vainglorious. _Dieu résiste au —_; God resisteth the proud. _Un — tableau_; a splendid painting. _Un dîner —_; a splendid dinner. _Meubles —s_; gorgeous furniture. =superbe= (-pèrb), _n.f._, arrogance, haughtiness, vainglory. =superbement= (-pèr-), _adv._, proudly, arrogantly; sumptuously, splendidly; loftily. =supercherie= (-pèr-), _n.f._, deceit, fraud, trickery. =superfétation= (-pèr-), _n.f._, superfetation; superfluity. =superficie= (-pèr-), _n.f._, superficies, surface; area. =superficiel=, =-le= (-pèr-), _adj._, superficial, shallow. =superficiellement= (su-pèr-fi-si-èl-mān), _adv._, superficially. =superfin=, =-e= (-pèr-), _adj._, superfine. =superfin= (-pèr-), _n.m._, superfine quality, superfluity, excess. =superflu=, =-e= (-pèr-), _adj._, superfluous, exuberant, needless, unnecessary. =superflu= (-pèr-), _n.m._, superfluity, excess. =superfluité= (-pèr-), _n.f._, superfluity. =supérieur=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, superior, upper, higher. _Les classes —es_; the higher classes. _Être — aux événements_; to rise superior to events. =supérieurement= (-eur-mān), _adv._, in a superior manner, in a superior degree, superlatively well, uncommonly well, capitally. =supériorité=, _n.f._, superiority. =superlati-f=, =-ve= (-pèr-), _adj._, (gram.) superlative. =superlatif= (-pèr-), _n.m._, superlative. _Au —_; superlatively; (gram.) in the superlative, superlatively. _Cet homme est bête au —_; that man is stupid to a degree. =superlativement= (su-pèr-la-tiv-mān), _adv._, superlatively. =superposer= (-pèr-), _v.a._, to superpose, to add. _Se —_; to add itself. =superposition= (-pèr-), _n.f._, superposition. =superpurgation= (-pèr-), _n.f._, superpurgation. =superséder= (-pèr-), _v.n._, (jur.) to postpone, to put off. =superstitieusement= (su-pèrs-ti-si-eûz-mān), _adv._, superstitiously. =superstitieu-x=, =-se= (-pèrs-ti-si-), _adj._, superstitious; overnice. =superstition= (-pèrs-ti-si-), _n.f._, superstition; overnicety. =superstructure= (-pèr-), _n.f._, superstructure. =supersubstantiel=, =-le= (-pèr-), _adj._, supersubstantial. =supin=, _n.m._, (gram.) supine. =supinateur=, _n.m._, (anat.) supinator. =supination=, _n.f._, supination. =supplantation=, _n.f._, supplantation. =supplanter=, _v.a._, to supplant; to oust. =suppléance=, _n.f._, substitution, assistantship. =suppléant=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, substitute, assistant, deputy. _Juge —_; assistant judge. =suppléer=, _v.a._, to supply, to fill up, to make up (what is deficient); to take the place of. =suppléer=, _v.n._, to make up the deficiency; to supply the place. _La valeur supplée au nombre_; valor makes up for deficiency of numbers. =supplément=, _n.m._, supplement, addition; additional price, extra. =supplémentaire=, _adj._, supplementary, supplemental, additional, extra. =suppléti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, suppletory, completing. =suppliant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, suppliant, supplicant; beseecher, implorer; supplicating, beseeching, entreating. =supplication=, _n.f._, supplication, entreaty, humble petition. =supplice=, _n.m._, corporal punishment; torment, pain, anguish. _Être au —_; to be upon the rack, to be on thorns; to be in great pain. _Dernier —_; capital punishment. =supplicié=, _n.m._, criminal executed. =supplicier=, _v.a._, to put to death, to execute. =supplier=, _v.a._, to beseech, to entreat, to supplicate. =supplique=, _n.f._, petition, request, supplication, prayer, entreaty. =support=, _n.m._, support, prop; assistance; rest, stand, bracket; fulcrum; (carp.) strut; (her.) supporter; (arch.) pillar. =supportable=, _adj._, supportable, bearable, tolerable. =supportablement=, _adv._, tolerably, bearably. =supporter=, _v.a._, to support, to sustain, to uphold; to endure; to suffer, to tolerate, to bear with, to put up with, to stand. _se_ =supporter=, _v.r._, to be supported; to be borne; to be suffered; to bear with one another. =supposable=, _adj._, supposable. =supposé=, =-e=, _part._, supposed; supposititious, pretended, counterfeit, putative; reputed. _— qu’il y consente_; suppose, _or_ supposing, he consents to it. =supposer=, _v.a._, to suppose, to grant, to infer, to imply, to forge, to feign; to conjecture. _— un testament_; to forge a will. _— un enfant_; to substitute a child, to palm off a child (upon). =suppositi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, suppositive. =supposition=, _n.f._, supposition, forgery; substitution. _— d’enfant_; palming off of a child. =suppositoire=, _n.m._, (med.) suppository. =suppôt=, _n.m._, agent, instrument, tool; (b.s.) abettor; imp (of the devil). =suppressi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, suppressive. =suppression=, _n.f._, suppression, concealment. =supprimer=, _v.a._, to suppress, to pass over in silence; to put down, to abolish, to take off, to omit, to cut off _or_ down, to cancel. _— des impôts_; to take off taxes. _— une loi_; to abolish a law. _Se —_; to be suppressed. =suppurati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (med.) suppurative. =suppuratif=, _n.m._, (med.) suppurative. =suppuration=, _n.f._, suppuration. =suppurer=, _v.n._, to suppurate. =supputation=, _n.f._, computation, calculation, supputation, reckoning. =supputer=, _v.a._, to calculate, to compute, to reckon, to suppute. =suprématie= (-ci), _n.f._, supremacy. =suprême=, _adj._, supreme, highest, last. _A l’heure —_; at the last hour (death). =suprêmement=, _adv._, supremely. =sur=, _prep._, upon, on, over; by; in; about; towards; above; on account of, respecting, concerning; out of. _Compter —_; to rely on, to make sure of. _— un vaisseau_; on board a ship. _Il l’a mis — son testament_; he has put him in his will. _N’avoir pas d’argent — soi_; to have no money about one. _— le soir_; towards evening. _— la brune_; about dusk. _— la fin de la semaine_; towards the end of the week. _— ma parole_; upon my word. _Il s’excusa — son âge_; he excused himself on account of his age. _Il prend trop — lui_; he undertakes too much or he presumes too much. _—-le-champ_; immediately. _— ces entrefaites_; in the meantime. _Dix — quinze_; ten out of fifteen. _— toute chose_, _— toutes choses_; above all, above all things. _— le tout_; upon the whole; (her.) over all. _Donner —_; to look out upon. _Six pieds — deux_; six feet by two. =sur=, =-e=, _adj._, sour. =sûr=, =-e=, _adj._, sure, certain; safe, secure; firm, steady, unerring, trustworthy. _Je suis — de vous_; I can depend on you. _Il est — de son fait_; he is sure of success, or his doom is sealed. _Les chemins sont —s_; the roads are safe. _Le temps n’est pas —_; the weather is uncertain. _Il est en lieu —_; he is in a place of safety, he is out of harm’s way. _C’est un ami —_; he is a trusty friend. _Ce port est —_; this port is safe. _À coup —_, _pour —_; surely, for certain, positively, for sure. _— comme père et mère_; as sure as a gun. _— et certain_; positive. _Peu —_; unsafe. _Pour le plus —_; to be on the safe side. =sûr=, _adv._, surely, certainly, assuredly. =surabondamment= (-da-mān), _adv._, superabundantly. =surabondance=, _n.f._, superabundance. =surabondant=, =-e=, _adj._, superabundant. =surabonder=, _v.n._, to superabound. =surachat=, _n.m._, overpaying. =suracheter= (-ash-té), _v.a._, to overpay. =suraigu=, =-ë=, _adj._, (mus.) very high, very shrill. =surajoutement= (-joot-mān), _n.m._, superaddition. =surajouter=, _v.a._, to superadd. =sural=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) sural. =sur-aller=, _v.n._, (hunt.) to go over a track (without pointing) (of a dog). *=sur-andouiller=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (hunt.) sur-antler. =surannation= (-an-na-), _n.f._, expiration. =suranné=, =-e= (-ra-né), _part._, expired; super-annuated, grown out of date; antiquated. _se_ =suranner= (-ra-né), _v.r._, to be past one year’s date, to expire. [Little used. _V._ =périmer=.] =sur-arbitre=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) umpire. =surard=, _adj._, of elder-flower. _Vinaigre —_; elder-flower vinegar. =surate=, _n.f._, surah (of the Koran). =surbaissé=, =-e=, _adj._, (arch.) surbased, elliptical, overhanging. _Un cintre —_; a low overhanging arch. =surbaissement= (-bès-mān), _n.m._, (arch.) surbasement. =surbaisser=, _v.a._, (arch.) to make elliptic. =surbaisser=, _v.n._, to overhang. =surbande=, _n.f._, (surg.) bandage. =surcens= (-sans), _n.m._, (feudalism) lord’s rent. =surcharge=, _n.f._, additional burden; overloading, overcharge; extra weight, overplus; word written over another. =surcharger=, _v.a._, to overload, to overburden, to overcharge, to surcharge; to overtax, to overstock; (fig.) to overwhelm, to weigh down (with); to oppress; to write over words. _— de travail_; to overwhelm with work. _— d’impôts_; to overtax. =surchauffer=, _v.a._, to overheat. =surchauffure=, _n.f._, (metal.) overheating. =surchoix=, _n.m._, first, _or_ prime, quality. =surcomposé=, =-e=, _adj._ and _n.m._, (gram.) double compound. =surcoupe=, _n.f._, trumping over. =surcouper=, _v.a._, to trump over (at cards). =surcroissance=, _n.f._, outgrowth, overgrowth, excrescence. =surcroît=, _n.m._, superaddition, increase, aggravation, excess. _Pour — de malheur_; to make it worse _or_ as a crowning misfortune. _De —_; to boot, in addition. =surcroître=, _v.n._, to grow out (of); to outgrow. ☉=surcroître=, _v.a._, to increase beyond measure. =surcuire=, _v.a._, to overbake. =surcuisson=, _n.f._, overbaking. =surdemande=, _n.f._, immoderate demand. =surdent=, _n.f._, irregular tooth; wolf’s tooth (of horses). =surdité=, _n.f._, deafness. =surdoré=, =-e=, _part._, double-gilt. =surdorer=, _v.a._, to double-gild. =surdos=, _n.m._, loin-strap (of a horse); porter’s pad. =sureau=, _n.m._, elder, elder-tree. =surélever=, _v.a._, to increase the height of; to make higher. =surelle=, _n.f._, (bot.) wood-sorrel. =sûrement= (sur-mān), _adv._, surely, certainly; safely, securely; to be sure. =suréminent=, =-e=, _adj._, supereminent. =surémission=, _n.f._, (fin.) over-issue. =surenchère=, _n.f._, outbidding, higher bid. =surenchérir=, _v.n._, to outbid, to bid higher. =surenchérisseur=, _n.m._, outbidder. =surérogation=, _n.f._, supererogation. =surérogatoire=, _adj._, supererogatory. =surestarie= (-rès-), _n.f._, (nav., com.) demurrage. =surestimation=, _n.f._, overestimate, overvaluation. =surestimer=, _v.a._, to overestimate, to overvalue. =suret=, =-te=, _adj._, sourish. =sûreté= (sur-té), _n.f._, safety, surety, security; sureness, warranty. _Être en lieu de —_; to be out of harm’s way, to be in safe keeping. _Mettre en —_; to put in safe keeping. _Coffre de —_; iron chest. _Service de —_; detective police. _Ronde de —_; police-round. =surévaluation=, _n.f._, overvaluation, overestimate. =surévaluer=, _v.a._, to overvalue, to overestimate. =surexcitation=, _n.f._, excitement, overexcitement. =surexciter=, _v.a._, to excite, overexcite. =surface=, _n.f._, surface; outside; appearances. =surfaire=, _v.a._, to overcharge, to ask too much for, to overrate, to overpraise; to exaggerate. =surfaix=, _n.m._, surcingle. =surfin=, =-e=, _adj._, superfine. _n.m._, superfine quality. =surfleurir=, _v.n._, (bot.) to blow again. =surge=, _adj._ _Laine —_; raw, unwashed wool; wool in the yolk. =surgeon= (-jon), _n.m._, (hort.) sucker, off-shoot; ☉descendant. ☉_— d’eau_; natural water-jet. =surgir=, _v.n._, to come to land, to land; to reach (port); to arise, to spring up; to rise into notice. _— au port_; to come into port. _Faire —_; to give rise to, to bring about, to cause. =surgissement=, _n.m._, arising, springing up; arriving, landing. =surglacer=, _v.a._, to cover, _or_ coat, with sugar (pastry). =surhaussement= (-hôs-mān), _n.m._, raising; forcing up (prices). =surhausser=, _v.a._, (arch.) to raise; to force up the price of. =surhumain=, =-e= (-mīn, -mè-n), _adj._, superhuman. =surier=, _n.m._, cork-tree. =surintendance=, _n.f._, superintendence. =surintendant=, _n.m._, superintendent, comptroller, overseer. =surintendante=, _n.f._, superintendent’s wife; lady superintendent. =surjalé=, _part._, (nav.) foul (of anchors). =surjaler= _or_ =surjauler=, _v.n._, (nav.) to foul (of anchors). =surjaler= _or_ =surjauler=, _v.a._, (nav.) to raise the anchor to clear its stock. =surjet=, _n.m._, (of seams) whip-stitch, overcasting. =surjeter=, _v.a._, to whip-stitch, to overcast. =surlendemain= (-land-min), _n.m._, next day but one; second day (after); the day after the morrow. _Le — de son départ_; the second day after his departure. =surlonge=, _n.f._, chuck (of beef). =surlouer=, _v.a._, to let (at an exorbitant rent); to let above value. =surlunaire=, _adj._, superlunar, superlunary. =surmener=, _v.a._, to overdrive, to override; to overwork; (fig.) to treat badly, to deal severely with (pers.). =surmesure=, _n.f._, over-measure. =surmeule=, _n.f._, runner-stone (of a mill). =surmontable=, _adj._, surmountable, superable. =surmonter=, _v.a._, to surmount; to overcome, to conquer, to subdue; to outdo, to surpass; to rise above (of fluids). _— sa colère_; to subdue one’s anger. =surmonter=, _v.n._, to rise above (of fluids). =surmoule=, _n.m._, cast taken on one of plaster. =surmouler=, _v.a._, to make a cast on a figure _or_ ornament. =surmoût=, _n.m._, new wort (of wine). =surmulet=, _n.m._, (ich.) surmullet, grey mullet. =surmulot=, _n.m._, surmulot, Norway rat. =surnager=, _v.n._, to float on the surface; to survive, to remain; to hold one’s ground. =surnaturalité=, _n.f._, (theol.) supernaturalness. =surnaturel=, =-le=, _adj._, supernatural, preternatural. =surnaturel=, _n.m._, supernatural. =surnaturellement= (-rèl-mān), _adv._, supernaturally, preternaturally. =surnom= (-non), _n.m._, surname, cognomen. =surnommer=, _v.a._, to surname. =surnuméraire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, supernumerary. =surnumérariat=, _n.m._, supernumerary time. =suron=, _n.m._, seroon; (bot.) earth-nut. =suros= (-rô), _n.m._, (vet.) splint. =suroxydation=, _n.f._, (chem.) peroxidizing, superoxidation. =suroxyde=, _n.m._, (chem.) peroxide. =suroxyder=, _v.a._, (chem.) to peroxidize. =suroxygéné=, =-e=, _adj._, (chem.) overcharged with oxygen. =suroxygéner=, _v.a._, to overcharge with oxygen; to superoxygenate. =surpasser=, _v.a._, to surpass, to exceed, to go beyond, to excel, to surmount, to outdo; to astonish, to be taller than. _Il me surpasse de trois pouces_; he is taller than I am by three inches. =surpaye=, _n.f._, extra pay, additional pay; (mil.) batta. =surpayer=, _v.a._, to overpay. =surpeau=, _n.f._, (l.u.) epidermis. _V._ =épiderme=. =surplis=, _n.m._, surplice. =surplomb= (-plon), _n.m._, overhanging (of buildings). _Être en —_; to overhang. _En —_; overhanging. =surplomber=, _v.n._, to hang over, to overhang. =surplus=, _n.m._, surplus, surplusage, overplus, remainder, rest, difference. _Au —_; besides, moreover, in addition to which. =surpoids=, _n.m._, overweight. =surprenant=, =-e=, _adj._, surprising, astonishing. =surprendre=, _v.a._, to surprise, to take by surprise, to overtake; to deceive, to catch, to overhear; to entrap, to overreach, to intercept; to astonish, to amaze. _— une ville_; to take a town by surprise. _La nuit nous surprit_; night overtook us. _La pluie me surprit_; I was caught in the rain. _se_ =surprendre=, _v.r._, to surprise one’s self; to catch one’s self. =surprise=, _n.f._, surprise; amazement; deceit, deception; surprise-box. _Ménager une — à quelqu’un_; to prepare a surprise for any one. _Revenir de sa —_; to recover from one’s surprise. =surproduction=, _n.f._, overproduction. =surrénal=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) suprarenal, surrenal. =sursaturation=, _n.f._, supersaturation. =sursaturer=, _v.a._, to supersaturate. =sursaut=, _n.m._, start. _S’éveiller en —_; to start up out of one’s sleep, to start up. _Eveiller_, or _réveiller_, _en —_; to startle any one out of his sleep, to awake any one suddenly. =surséance=, _n.f._, suspension. =sursel=, _n.m._, (chem.) supersalt. =sursemer=, _v.a._, to sow over again. =surseoir= (sursoyant, sursis), _v.a._ and _n._, to suspend, to defer, to delay, to postpone, to put off, to respite. =sursis=, _n.m._, delay, respite, reprieve. =sursolide=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (alg.) sursolid. =surtare=, _n.f._, (com.) supertare, extra tare. =surtaux=, _n.m._, excessive taxation, overassessment. =surtaxe=, _n.f._, surtax, surcharge, additional tax; extra postage. =surtaxer=, _v.a._, to overtax, to overassess. =surtiré=, _n.m._, (com.) acceptor of a bill; drawee. =surtout=, _adv._, above all, especially, chiefly. =surtout=, _n.m._, light cart; épergne; centre-piece; overcoat. =surusage=, _n.m._, (com.) clough, cloff (allowance). *=surveillance=, _n.f._, superintendence, inspection, supervision. *=surveillant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, inspector, overseer, superintendent; vigilant, watchful. *=surveille=, _n.f._ _V._ =avant-veille=. *=surveiller=, _v.a._, to superintend, to inspect, to look after, to watch, to have an eye upon. =survenance=, _n.f._, (jur.) unexpected birth; unforeseen arrival. =survenant=, =-e=, _n._, (jur.) unexpected heir; new-comer, chance guest, chance comer. =survendre=, _v.a._ and _n._, to overcharge. =survenir=, _v.n._, to supervene, to come on, to take place, to happen unexpectedly, to befall, to arise, to come unexpectedly; to drop in. =survente=, _n.f._, overcharge. =surventer=, _v.n._, (nav.) to blow hard, to blow a gale. =survider=, _v.a._, to partly empty, to lighten (anything). =survie=, _n.f._, survivorship, survival. =survivance=, _n.f._, reversion (of offices); survivorship. _De —_; reversionary. =survivancier=, _n.m._, reversioner (of offices). =survivant=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, survivor; surviving. =survivre=, _v.n._, to survive, to outlive, to outlast. _— à son père_; to outlive one’s father. _v.a._, to get over an illness, to outlive (a wife, children, etc.). _se_ =survivre=, _v.r._, to live again. _Se — à soi-même_; to lose one’s faculties, to fall into one’s dotage. _Se — dans ses enfants_, _dans ses ouvrages_; to live again in one’s children, in one’s works. =sus=, _prep._, (l.u.) upon, above, afore, fore. _Courir — à quelqu’un_; to run at, to fall upon, to attack, any one. _En —_; over and above, in addition, extra, to boot. =sus=, _int._, on! on them! at them! =susceptibilité=, _n.f._, susceptibility, irritability, touchiness, irascibility. =susceptible=, _adj._, susceptible, capable; irascible, easily offended, oversensitive, touchy. _Elle est trop —_; she takes offense too easily _or_ she is too touchy. =susception=, _n.f._, taking of holy orders; (c.rel.) reception (of the crown, of the cross). ☉=suscitation=, _n.f._, instigation, (ant.) suscitation. =susciter=, _v.a._, to raise, to raise up, to start, to set up, to create, to give rise to, to give birth to, to raise against, to stir up, to rouse. =suscription=, _n.f._, superscription, address. =susdénommé=, =-e=, _adj._, above-mentioned. =susdit=, =-e=, _adj._, aforesaid. =susénoncé=, =-e=, _adj._, above-mentioned. =susmentionné=, =-e=, _adj._, (jur.) above-mentioned. =susnommé=, =-e=, _adj._, (jur.) above-named. =suspect=, =-e= (-pèk, -t), _adj._, suspected, suspicious. _Cela m’est —_; I don’t like the look of it. _Vous me seriez — pour cent raisons_; there are a hundred reasons for my suspecting you. =suspecter=, _v.a._, to suspect. _se_ =suspecter=, _v.r._, to suspect one another. =suspendre=, _v.a._, to suspend, to hang, to hang up; to stop, to delay. _— son travail_; to lay aside one’s work, to stay, to postpone, to defer. _se_ =suspendre=, _v.r._, to suspend one’s self. =suspendu=, =-e=, _adj._, _part._, suspended, hung up. _Pont —_; suspension bridge; (of carriages) on springs. _Jardins —s_; hanging gardens. _Jetée —e_; chain-pier. =suspens=, _adj._, (eccl.) suspended. _Prêtre —_; inhibited priest. _En —_; in suspense; in abeyance; outstanding (of debts). =suspense=, _n.f._, (eccl.) inhibition. =suspenseur=, _adj._, (anat.) suspensory. =suspensi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) of suspension; (jur.) being a bar to subsequent proceedings. =suspension=, _n.f._, suspension, interruption, discontinuance, cessation. =suspensoir= _or_ =suspensoire=, _n.m._, (surg.) suspensory bandage, suspensor. =suspente=, _n.f._, (nav.) sling (of a yard). =suspicion=, _n.f._, (jur.) suspicion. =sus-pied=, _n.m._, upper strap (of a spur). =sus-relaté=, =-e=, _adj._, above mentioned. =susseyer=, _v.n._, to lisp. =sustentation=, _n.f._, sustentation, sustenance. =sustenter=, _v.a._, to sustain, to support, to maintain. _se_ =sustenter=, _v.r._, to maintain one’s self, to support one’s self. =susurration= (su-sur-ra-), _n.f._, susurration, whispering, chirping, buzzing, soft murmur; soughing (of the wind). ☉=susurrer= (su-sur-ré), _v.n._, to murmur softly, to whisper. _V._ =chuchoter=. =suttee= _or_ =suttie=, _n.f._, (_—_) suttee. =suture=, _n.f._, (anat.) suture; (bot.) seam; joint. =suturer=, _v.n._, to suture, to join. =suzerain=, =-e= (suz-rin, -rè-n), _n._ and _adj._, suzerain, lord paramount; paramount, sovereign. =suzeraineté= (suz-rè-n-té), _n.f._, suzerainty. =svelte=, _adj._, light, slender, slim; elegant. =sybarite=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, Sybarite; Sybaritic (very particular, fond of good living). =sycomore=, _n.m._, (bot.) sycamore. =sycophante=, _n.m._, sycophant, knave; rogue, impostor. =syllabaire= (sil-la-), _n.m._, spelling-book. =syllabe= (sil-lab), _n.f._, syllable. =syllabique= (sil-la-), _adj._, syllabic, syllabical. =syllabiquement= (sil-la-), _adv._, syllabically. =syllabisation= (sil-la-), _n.f._, syllabication. =syllabus= (sil-la-), _n.m._, (_—_) (c.rel.) syllabus. =syllepse= (sil-lèps), _n.f._, (gram.) syllepsis; substitution. =syllogisme= (sil-lo-), _n.m._, syllogism. =syllogistique= (sil-lo-), _adj._, syllogistic, syllogistical. =sylph-e=, _n.m._, =-ide=, _n.f._, sylph. =sylvain=, _n.m._, sylvan. =sylvane=, _n.f._, sylvanite. =sylvatique=, _adj._, sylvatic. =sylves=, _n.f.pl._, sylvæ, collection of poetical works. =sylvestre=, _adj._, wild, sylvan, growing in woods. =sylvicole=, _adj._, living in woods. =sylviculture=, _n.f._, sylviculture, forestry. =sylvie=, _n.f._, (orni.) sylvia, warbler. =symbole=, _n.m._, symbol, sign, emblem; creed. _— des Apôtres_; Apostles’ creed. =symbolique=, _adj._, symbolic, symbolical, typical. =symboliser=, _v.n._, to symbolize. =symbolisme=, _n.m._, (philos.) symbolism. =symétrie=, _n.f._, symmetry. =symétrique=, _adj._, symmetrical. =symétriquement= (-trik-mān), _adv._, symmetrically. =symétriser=, _v.n._, to symmetrize, to harmonize. =sympathie=, _n.f._, sympathy, fellow-feeling, harmony (in colors). =sympathique=, _adj._, sympathetic, congenial. =sympathiser=, _v.n._, to sympathize. =symphonie=, _n.f._, symphony. =symphoniste=, _n.m._, symphonist. =symphyse=, _n.f._, (anat.) symphysis. =symposiaque=, _n.m._, symposiac. =symptomatique=, _adj._, symptomatic. =symptomatologie=, _n.f._, symptomatology. =symptôme=, _n.m._, symptom, indication, sign, token. =synagogue= (-gog), _n.f._, synagogue. =synalèphe=, _n.f._, (gram.) synalepha. =synallagmatique=, _adj._, (jur.) (of a contract) synallagmatic, reciprocal. =synanthéré=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) synantherous. =synanthérées=, _n.f.pl._, (bot.) compositæ. =synanthérie=, _n.f._ _V._ =syngénésie=. =synarthrose=, _n.f._, (anat.) synarthrosis. =synchondrose= (-kon-), _n.f._, (anat.) synchondrosis. =synchrone= (-krô-n), _adj._, (phys.) synchronical. =synchronique=, _adj._, (hist.) synchronical. =synchroniser=, _v.a._, to synchronize. =synchronisme=, _n.m._, synchronism. =synchyse= (-kiz), _n.f._, (gram.) synchysis. =syncope=, _n.f._, (med.) syncope, swoon, fainting fit; (mus.) syncopation, syncope; (gram.) syncope. =syncopé=, =-e=, _adj._, syncopated. =syncoper=, _v.n._, (gram., mus.) to syncopate. =syncrétisme=, _n.m._, syncretism. =syndérèse=, _n.f._, (rel.) remorse, sting of conscience. =syndic=, _n.m._, syndic, trustee, assignee. _— d’office_; official assignee. =syndical=, _adj._, pertaining to a syndic. _Chambre —e_; syndics, council, committee. =syndicat=, _n.m._, syndicate. _— de faillite_; commission in bankruptcy. _se_ =syndiquer=, _v.r._, to form a syndicate. =synecdoche= _or_ =synecdoque=, _n.f._, (rhet.) synecdoche. =synérèse=, _n.f._, (gram.) synæresis. =synévrose=, _n.f._, (anat.) synneurosis. =syngénésie=, _n.f._, (bot.) syngenesia. =syngnathe=, _n.m._, (ich.) syngnathus, horn-fish, sea-needle. =synodal=, =-e=, _adj._, synodic, synodal. =synodalement= (-dal-mān), _adv._, synodically. =synode=, _n.m._, synod. =synodique=, _adj._, synodic, synodical. =synonyme=, _n.m._ and _adj._, synonym; synonymous. =synonymie=, _n.f._, synonymy. =synonymique=, _adj._, pertaining, relating to synonymy, synonymous. =synopse=, _n.f._, synopsis of the Gospel. =synoptique=, _adj._, synoptic, synoptical. =synoque=, _n.f._, synocha. =synovial=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) synovial. =synovie=, _n.f._, (anat.) synovia. =syntaxe=, _n.f._, syntax. =syntaxique=, _adj._, syntactic, syntactical. =synthèse=, _n.f._, synthesis, composition. =synthétique=, _adj._, synthetic, synthetical. =synthétiquement=, _adv._, synthetically. =syphilis= (-liss), _n.f._, syphilis. =syphilitique=, _adj._, syphilitic. =syphon=, _n.m._ _V._ =siphon=. =syriaque=, _n.m._ and _adj._, Syriac. =syrien=, =-ne= (-ri-īn, -è-n), _n._ and _adj._, Syrian. =syringa=, _n.m._, (bot.) syringa, lilac. =syringotome=, _n.m._, (surg.) instrument to perform syringotomy. =syringotomie=, _n.f._, (surg.) syringotomy. =syrop=. _V._ =sirop=. =syrtes=, _n.f.pl._, quicksands. =systaltique=, _adj._, (physiology) systaltic. =systématique=, _adj._, systematic, systematical. =systématiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, systematically. =systématiser=, _v.a._, to systematize. =systématiseur=, _n.m._, systematizer. =système=, _n.m._, system, plan, policy. _Par —_; systematically. =systole=, _n.f._, (anat., gram.) systole. =systolique=, _adj._, systolic. =systyle=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (arch.) systyle. =syzygie=, _n.f._, (astron.) syzygy. T =t=, _n.m._, the twentieth letter of the alphabet, t. [T is put for the sake of euphony between a verb ending with a vowel and the pronouns _il_, _elle_, _on_; ex.: _Aime-t-il?_ does he love?] =t’=, contraction of _te_. =ta=, _possessive adj._ _f._, thy. _V._ =ton=. =tabac= (-ba), _n.m._, tobacco, snuff. _Carotte de —_; roll of tobacco. _— en carotte_; pig-tail tobacco. _Débitant de —_; dealer in snuff and tobacco. _Marchand de —_; tobacconist. _— à chiquer_; chewing tobacco. _— à fumer_; tobacco. _— à priser_; snuff. _Prendre du —_; to take snuff. =tabagie=, _n.f._, divan, smoking-room; ☉tobacco box. =tabarin=, _n.m._, merry-andrew, buffoon. =tabarinage=, _n.m._, buffoonery. =tabatière= (-tièr), _n.f._, snuff-box. _Fenêtre en —_; sky-light. ☉=tabellion=, _n.m._, notary, scrivener. ☉=tabellionage=, _n.m._, scrivener’s office. =tabernacle=, _n.m._, tent, tabernacle. =tabide=, _adj._, tabid, tabetic. =tabifique=, _adj._, consumptive. =tabis=, _n.m._, tabby (watered silk). =tabiser=, _v.a._, to tabby, to water. =tablature=, _n.f._, (mus.) tablature. _Donner de la — à quelqu’un_; to get any one into trouble, to cause serious inconvenience to. =table=, _n.f._, table; board (food, fare); table, index (of a book); (nav.) mess (of officers); slab (of stone); belly (violin); face (anvil); (anat.) table; (of jewelry) table. _pl._, men (at backgammon). _— à jouer_; card-table. _— à manger_; dining-table. _— de nuit_; night, _or_ bedside, table. _— à coulisses_, or _à rallonges_; telescope table. _— à ouvrage_; work-table. _— de cuisine_; kitchen-dresser. _— à écrire_; writing-table. _Se mettre à —_; to sit at table. _Tenir —_; to keep a table, to sit long at table. _Tenir bonne —_; to keep a good table. _Tenir — ouverte_; to keep open house. _Donner la — à quelqu’un_; to board any one. _La — du commun_; the servants’ table. _Courir les —s_; to sponge for a dinner. _—s astronomiques_; astronomical tables. _— pythagorique_, _— de Pythagore_; multiplication-table. _— d’harmonie_; sounding-board. _Jouer cartes sur —_; to act openly, above board. _Faire — rase_; to make a clean sweep. _Aimer la —_; to like good living. _Mettre la —_; to lay the table. _Servir à —_; to wait at table. _Lever la —_; to remove the cloth. _Se lever de —_, _sortir de —_, or _quitter la —_; to rise from table; to get up from table. _Vivre à la même —_; to mess together. _Avoir la —_; to have the right of sitting down in the royal presence. =tableau=, _n.m._, painting, picture, piece, scene, view, sight, description; (nav.) breastwork; list, roll, table; panel (of juries); (paint.) painting, piece; (at races) telegraph-board. _— de chevalet_; easel-piece. _—x vivants_; tableaux vivants, living pictures. _Encadrer un —_; to frame a picture. _Former un —_; (jur.) to empanel (a jury). _— annonces_; advertising board. =tablée=, _n.f._, tableful, table-length. =tabler=, _v.n._, to dress the board (backgammon). _Vous pouvez — là-dessus_; you may depend upon it. =tableti-er= (-blĕ-tié), _n.m._, =-ère= (-blĕ-tiè-r), _n.f._, dealer in fancy turnery or toys. =tablette= (-blèt), _n.f._, shelf; tablet; (nav.) rising-staff; (arch.) table; cake (of chocolate); (pharm.) lozenge. _pl._, note-book. _— de cheminée_; mantel-piece. _— de chocolat_; cake of chocolate. _Rayez cela de vos —s_; don’t depend upon that. _Vous êtes sur mes —s_; I have you in my books, _or_ I’ll not forget you. =tabletterie= (-blè-trî), _n.f._, fancy-turnery trade, fancy stationery; toy-trade. =tablier=, _n.m._, apron, pinafore; (of carriages, of docks, of basins) apron; floor, platform (of a bridge); (fort.) platform; chess-board. =tabloin=, _n.m._, (artil.) wooden platform. =tabou=, _n.m._, taboo. =tabouer=, _v.a._, to taboo. =tabouret=, _n.m._, stool; foot-stool; stool of repentance; (bot.) shepherd’s pouch. _— de piano_; music-stool. =tabourin=, _n.m._, chimney cowl, _or_ cawl. =tabulaire=, _adj._, tabular. =tac=, _n.m._, (vet.) rot (in sheep). =tacaud=, _n.m._, (ich.) whiting-pout. =tacet= (-sèt), _n.m._, (mus.) pause, tacet; (fig.) silence. _Il a gardé le —_; he kept silent. =tachant=, =-e=, _adj._, soiling. =tache=, _n.f._, spot, stain, blot, speck; speckle, blemish. _— de rousseur_; freckle. _Avoir des —s de rousseur_; to be freckled. _— de feu_; tan spot. _— de naissance_; birth-mark. =tâche=, _n.f._, task; task-work; job. _À la —_; by the task, by the job, by the piece. _Travailler à la —_, _être à la —_; to work by the task, by the piece. _Prendre à — de faire une chose_; to make it one’s business to do a thing. _Ouvrier à la —_; jobber, jobbing-workman. =tacher=, _v.a._, to stain; to spot; to taint; to tarnish; to blemish. _se_ =tacher=, _v.r._, to soil one’s self; to soil one’s clothes. =tâcher=, _v.n._, to try, to endeavor, to strive, to seek. _Pardonnez-lui, il n’y tâchait pas_; (iron.) pardon him, he did not mean it. =tâcheron=, _n.m._, (tech.) jobber. =tacheté=, =-e=, _part._, spotted, speckled, tabby (of cats). =tacheter= (tash-té), _v.a._, to speckle, to mark with spots, to fleck. =tachygraphe=, _n.m._, tachygrapher, shorthand writer. =tachygraphie=, _n.f._, tachygraphy, shorthand writing. =tachygraphique=, _adj._, tachygraphic. =tacite=, _adj._, tacit, implied. =tacitement= (-sit-mān), _adv._, tacitly, impliedly, by implication. =taciturne=, _adj._, taciturn, silent. =taciturnité=, _n.f._, taciturnity. =tact= (takt), _n.m._, feeling, touch; tact. =tac tac=, _onomatopœia_, tick tack (of clocks); rap-tap (of knockers). =tacticien= (-si-in), _n.m._, tactician. =tactile=, _adj._, tactile. =tactilité=, _n.f._, tactility, tangibility. =taction=, _n.f._, taction, touch. =tactique=, _n.f._ and _adj._, tactics, generalship; manœuvre, stratagem; plan, way, move; tactical. =tadorne=, _n.m._, (orni.) sheldrake, bergander. =tael=, _n.m._, tael (China money, about 70 cents American). =tænia=, _n.m._ _V._ =ténia=. =taffetas= (taf-tâ), _n.m._, taffeta, lustring; plain silk. _— d’Angleterre_; court-plaster. _— gomme_; oil-silk. =tafia=, _n.m._, tafia (rum). =taïaut= _or_ =tayaut=, _n.m._ (hunt.) tally-ho. =taïcoun=, _n.m._, (_—s_) Tycoon. =taie=, _n.f._, pillow-case; (med.) film, speck. _— d’oreiller_; pillow-case. ☉*=taillable=, _adj._, taxable (feud.). *=taillade=, _n.f._, slash, gash, cut. *=taillader=, _v.a._, to slash, to cut, to gash. _Des manches tailladées_; slashed sleeves. *=taillanderie=, _n.f._, edge-tool trade; edge-tools. *=taillandier=, _n.m._, edge-tool maker. *=taillant=, _n.m._, edge (of a knife). *=taille=, _n.f._, cutting, cut; edge of a sword; size, height, stature; shape, waist, figure; tally-stick; (hort.) pruning; (surg.) cystotomy; (mus.) tenor part; (feudalism) poll-tax; subsidy; deal (at cards); (mus.) tenor; (fig.) level. _Frapper d’estoc et de —_; to cut and thrust, _or_ to hit right and left. _La — des arbres_; the pruning of trees. _La — d’un habit_; the cut of a coat. _La — des pierres_; the cutting of stones. _Pierre de —_; free-stone. _Il est de ma —_; he is my height. _—-douce_, (_—s-—s_) (engr.) copper-plate. _Haute-—_; (mus.) upper-tenor. _Basse-—_; (mus.) bass. _Faire des coches sur une —_; to tally. _De — à_; big enough to, quite capable of. _Ils nous ont fait une France à leur —_; (fig.) they have brought France down to their level (Béranger). _Ma colère va haut et me monte à sa —_; my anger knows no bounds and _raises_ me to his level (V. Hugo). *=taillé=, =-e=, _part._, cut, carved, trimmed. _Être bien —_; to be well-knit. *=taille-crayons=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) pencil-pointer. *=taille-légumes=, _n.m._, vegetable cutter. *=taille-mèche=, _n.m._ (_—-—s_) wick-cutter. *=taille-mer=, _n.m._, (_—_) (nav.) cutwater. *=taille-plume=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) pen-cutter. *=tailler=, _v.a._, to cut, to cut out; to carve; to hew; to trim, to prune; to make, to mend (pens); to frame, to tally, to deal (cards). _— un diamant_; to cut a diamond. _— des arbres_; to prune trees. _— un habit_; to cut out a coat. _— des plumes_; to make pens. _— une armée en pièces_; to cut an army to pieces. _— de la besogne à_; to cut out work for; to give a great deal of trouble to. _— des bavettes_; (fam.) to gossip, to chatter, to spin yarns. *=tailler=, _v.n._, to cut (shape). _Il peut — en plein drap_; he has everything at his command. _— de l’avant_; (nav.) to go very fast, to make good headway. _se_ =tailler=, _v.r._, to be cut, etc. *=tailleur=, _n.m._, tailor; cutter; hewer; banker (at faro). _— de pierre_; stone-cutter _or_ mason. _— d’habits_; tailor. _Garçon —_; journeyman tailor. _— à façon_; jobbing tailor. *=tailleuse=, _n.f._, tailoress, cutter out (dress-making). *=taille-vent=, _n.m._, sea-gull; (nav.) lug-sail. *=taillis=, _n.m._ and _adj._, copse, coppice, thicket, underwood; cut. _Bois —_; copse. *=tailloir=, _n.m._, trencher, platter; (arch.) abacus. *=taillon=, _n.m._, nib (of a pen). =tain=, _n.m._, foil, tin-foil, leaf-tin. =taire= (taisant, tu), _v.a._, to say nothing of; to pass over in silence; to conceal, to suppress. _Faire —_; to silence, to reduce to silence, to hush; to gag (the press); to suppress, to lay aside. _se_ =taire=, _v.r._, to hold one’s tongue, _or_ one’s peace, to be silent, to remain silent. _Taisez-vous_; hold your tongue, _or_ tongues. =taisson=, _n.m._, (mam.) badger. =taissonnière=, _n.f._, badger’s hole. =talapoin=, _n.m._, talapoin (Buddhist priest); (mam.) talapoin (monkey). =talc=, _n.m._, talc, isinglass-stone. =talcique=, _adj._, (min.) talcky. =taled= (-lèd), _n.m._, taled (Jew. rel.). =talent=, _n.m._, talent, power, ability, faculty, art, skill, attainments; talented person; (coin) talent. _De —_; talented. ☉=taler=, _n.m._ _V._ =thaler=. =talève=, _n.f._, (orni.) sultana-bird. =talion=, _n.m._, retaliation, talio. _Loi du —_; law of retaliation (lex talionis). =talisman=, _n.m._, talisman. =talismanique=, _adj._, talismanic. =talitre=, _n.m._, sand-hopper. =talle=, _n.f._, (hort.) sucker. _V._ =drageon=. =taller=, _v.n._, (hort.) to shoot, to throw out suckers. _V._ =drageonner=. =tallevane=, _n.f._, butter jar. =tallipot=, _n.m._, (bot.) tallipot, _or_ fan palm. =talmouse=, _n.f._, cheese-cake; (pop.) whack, slap. =talmud= (-mud), _n.m._, Talmud. =talmudique=, _adj._, Talmudical. =talmudiste=, _n.m._, _adj._, Talmudist, Talmudistic. =taloche=, _n.f._, cuff, punch, thump. =talon=, _n.m._, heel; stock (at cards); heel (of shoes, razors); (nav.) sole (of a rudder); shoulder (of a sword); (arch.) ogee; voucher (of receipts, checks); rest (of a saddle); remnant (of bread). _Mettre des —s à_; to heel. _Marcher sur les —s de quelqu’un_; to tread upon any one’s heels. _Jouer des_, or _montrer les_, _—s_; to take to one’s heels, to scuttle. _Tourner les —s_; to go away. _Donner un coup de —_; (nav.) to ground, to strike, to bump. _Avoir l’esprit aux —_; to shine at the wrong end, to be anything but witty. _— rouge_; aristocrat, nobleman. =talonner=, _v.a._, to be close at the heels of; to pursue close; to press hard, to urge, to dun. =talonner=, _v.n._, (nav.) to ground. =talonnier=, _n.m._, heel-maker. =talonnières=, _n.f._, heel-piece; (nav.) heel (of a rudder); (_pl._, myth.) talaria, Mercury’s heel wings. =talpack=, _n.m._, (mil.) busby. =talqueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (min.) talcous, talcose. =talus=, _n.m._, slope, declivity, bank, embankment; mound; (arch., fort.) talus. _En —_; slopingly, shelving. _Aller en —_; to slope down; to shelve. =talutage=, _n.m._, sloping; embanking. =taluter=, _v.a._, (arch.) to slope, to shelve. =tamandua=, _n.m._, (mam.) a species of ant-eaters. =tamanoir=, _n.m._, (mam.) the great ant-eater. =tamarin=, _n.m._, tamarind; tamarind-tree; (mam.) tamarin. =tamarinier=, _n.m._, tamarind, tamarind-tree, Indian acacia. =tamaris=, =tamarisc=, _or_ =tamarix=, _n.m._, (bot.) tamarisk. =tambour=, _n.m._, drum; drummer; (horl.) barrel; (mec.) drum, barrel, tympan; (arch.) drum; embroidery-frame; (anat.) tympanum; paddle-box (of steamboats). _—-major_, (_—s-—s_), _—-maître_, (_—s-—s_) drum-major, drum-master. _Broderie au —_; tambour work. _Mener — battant_; to carry it with a high hand, to beat out and out. _— de basque_; tambourine. _— voilé_; muffled drum. _Sortir — battant_; to leave with the honors of war. =tambourin=, _n.m._, tambourine, tabor; timbrel; player on the tambourine. =tambourinage=, _n.m._, drumming. =tambouriner=, _v.n._, to drum, to beat the drum, to tattoo. =tambouriner=, _v.a._, to advertise, to puff; to cry by the town drummer. =tambourineur=, _n.m._, (b.s.) drummer. =taminier=, _n.m._, (bot.) Indian acacia, black briony. =tamis=, _n.m._, sieve, strainer, sifter. _Passer au —_; to sift, to strain; (fig.) to examine thoroughly. =tamisage=, _n.m._, sifting, straining. *=tamisaille= _or_ =tamise=, _n.f._, (nav.) sweep of the tiller. =tamiser=, _v.a._, to sift, to strain. =tamiser=, _v.n._, (nav.) to shake. =tamiserie=, _n.f._, sieve-making; sieves. =tamiseur=, _n.m._, sifter (glass factory). =tamisier=, _n.m._, sieve-maker. =tampe=, _n.f._, wedge (cloth manufacture). =tamper=, _v.a._, to fix the wedge on the friezing-table. =tampon=, _n.m._, plug; stopper; pad; bung; (artil.) tampion; (tech.) buffer. =tamponnement=, _n.m._, plugging, stopping. =tamponner=, _v.a._, to plug, to stop up; to tent (a wound). _Se —_; (rails) to run into each other; (fig. and pop.) to have a set-to. =tam-tam=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) tam-tam, tom-tom. =tan=, _n.m._, tan; tanner’s bark. _Gros —_; coarse bark. =tanaisie=, _n.f._, (bot.) tansy. =tancement=, _n.m._, rebuking, lecturing, scolding. =tancer=, _v.a._, to rebuke, to lecture, to scold. =tanche=, _n.f._, (ich.) tench. =tandis que= (-di-), _conj._, whilst; while (implying contrast); whereas. =tangage=, _n.m._, (nav.) pitching (of ships). =tangara=, _n.m._, (orni.) tanager. =tangence=, _n.f._, (geom.) tangency, contact. =tangent=, =-e=, _adj._, (geom.) tangential, tangent. =tangente=, _n.f._, (geom.) tangent. =tanger=, _v.n._, (nav.) to hug the coast. =tangibilité=, _n.f._, tangibility, tangibleness. =tangible=, _adj._, tangible. =tangon=, _n.m._, (nav.) fore-sail boom. =tangue=, _n.f._, sea-sand (used as manure). =tanguer= (-ghé), _v.n._, (nav.) to pitch, to heave. =tanière=, _n.f._, den, hole, lair (of beasts). =tanin=, _n.m._, (chem.) tannin. =tannage=, _n.m._, tanning. =tannant=, =-e=, _adj._, tanning; (pop.) tiresome, irksome. _Une substance —e_; a tanning substance. _Un homme —_; a bore. _Une occupation —e_; an irksome task; irksome work. =tanne=, _n.f._, (med.) comedo, grub. =tanné=, _n.m._, tan-color. =tanné=, =-e=, _adj._, tanned, tawny, tan-colored. =tannée=, _n.f._, waste tan; tanner’s bark. =tanner=, _v.a._, to tan; (pop.) to vex, to plague, to tease, to annoy, to beat, to hide. =tannerie= (ta-n-rî), _n.f._, tan-yard. =tanneur=, _n.m._, tanner. ☉=tannin=, _n.m._ _V._ =tanin=. =tant=, _adv._, so much; so many; as much; as many; both; to such a degree; so; so far; so long; as far; as long. _— soit peu_; ever so little. _Tous — que nous sommes_; every one of us, or the whole lot of us. _Nous sommes — à —_; we are even (at play). _— petits que grands_; both small and great. _— pour vous que pour lui_; as much for you as for him. _— il était abusé_; so much was he deceived. _— il est vrai_; so true is it. _— le monde est crédule_; so credulous is, _or_ such is the credulity of, the world. _— que_; as long as. _— que je vivrai_; as long as I live. _— mieux_; so much the better. _— pis_; so much the worse. _— s’en faut_; far from it. _— s’en faut que_; so far from. _— y a que_; (fam.) at all events, however, but the fact remains that. _Si — est que je le puisse_; if, _or_ supposing, I can. _— de monde_; so many people. _Vous m’en direz —!_ that alters the case; now! I understand; that’s quite another thing! _Comme il y en a —_; (in speaking of beauty) nothing out of the common. _— bien que mal_; indifferently, so so; as well as one can. =tantale=, _n.m._, Tantalus. _Supplice de —_; tantalism. =tantaliser=, _v.a._, to tantalize. =tantalisme=, _n.m._, tantalism. =tante=, _n.f._, aunt; (pawnbroker) uncle. _Grand-—_; great aunt. _— à la mode de Bretagne_; cousin german. =tantet= _or_ =tantinet=, _n.m._, the least bit, the least little drop, dash. =tantôt=, _adv._, presently, by and by, soon, anon; a little while ago; just now; sometimes. _Je finirai cela —_; I shall finish that by and by, _or_ in the afternoon. _Il est — nuit_; it will soon be night. _Il se porte — bien, — mal_; sometimes he is well, sometimes ill. _À —!_ good-bye for the present. =taon= (tān), _n.m._, (ent.) ox-fly, breeze, gad-fly. =tapage=, _n.m._, noise, uproar, row, racket, piece of work; show, display. =tapageur=, _n.m._, noisy fellow, blusterer. =tapageu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, rackety, roystering, noisy, loud, blustering; gaudy, flashy. =tape=, _n.f._, rap, slap, tap, thump; (nav.) tampion. =tapecu= _or_ =tape-cul= (tap-ku), _n.m._, swing-gate; see-saw; (nav.) ring-tail, ring-sail; jolting carriage. =tapée=, _n.f._, (pop.) a lot, a whole host of. =tapement=, _n.m._, striking. =taper=, _v.a._, to strike, to hit, to slap; to frizzle (the hair); (paint.) to sketch freely; to paint in a free, bold style; (nav.) to put a tampion in (a gun). =taper=, _v.n._, to strike, to hit; to stamp; to strum (musical instruments); to be heady (of wine). _— du pied_; to stamp with one’s foot. _Ce vin tape fort_, or _tape à la tête_; this wine is heady. _en_ =tapinois=, _adv._, stealthily, clandestinely, slyly. =tapioca= _or_ =tapioka=, _n.m._, tapioca. _se_ =tapir=, _v.r._, to squat, to crouch, to cower, to lie hid. =tapir=, _n.m._, (mam.) tapir. =tapis=, _n.m._, carpet, rug; tapis, cover, cloth (for tables); ground. _Mettre sur le —_; to bring on the tapis; to bring forward; to bring under discussion. _— vert_; grass-plot; green cloth; gaming-table. _— de cheminée_; hearth-rug. _— de lit_; bedside carpet. _Amuser le —_; to beat about the bush; to talk the time away. _Être sur le —_; to be talked about, to be much discussed. _Faire — net_ or _nettoyer le —_; to sweep the stakes. _Eclairer le —_; to put down one’s stakes. =tapisser=, _v.a._, to upholster, to carpet; to paper, to cover; to hang with tapestry; to deck, to adorn. =tapisserie= (-pi-srî), _n.f._, tapestry, hangings; upholstery; fancy needlework; carpeting. _Faire —_; to be a wall-flower (at a ball). _Faire de la —_; to do fancy work. =tapissier=, _n.m._, upholsterer, tapestry-worker. =tapissière=, _n.f._, upholsteress, tapestry-worker; tilted cart, spring van. =tapon=, _n.m._, (fam.) bundle (of clothes); (nav.) plug, stopper. =tapoter=, _v.a._, to pat, to tap, to strum. =tapure=, _n.f._, frizzling (of hair). =taque=, _n.f._, cast-iron plate. =taquer=, _v.a._, (print.) to plane, to plane down. =taquet=, _n.m._, (nav.) whelp, pin (of the capstan); (nav.) kevel, cleat; (joiner’s work) angle-block. =taquin=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, tease, torment (pers.); teasing, of a teasing disposition. =taquinement= (-ki-n-mān), _adv._, (l.u.) teasingly. =taquiner=, _v.n._, to tease, to plague, to torment. =taquinerie= (-ki-n-ri), _n.f._, teasing. =taquoir=, _n.m._, (print.) planer. =tarabuster=, _v.a._, to pester, to plague, to tease, to bother; to handle roughly. =tarare=, _n.m._, (agri.) winnowing-machine. =tarare!= _int._, pshaw! fiddlestick! _—-ponpon!_ (l.u.) brag! =taraud=, _n.m._, (tech.) tap-borer, screw-tap. =taraudage=, _n.m._, tapping (screws, nuts). =tarauder=, _v.a._, (tech.) to tap (screws, nuts). =tard=, _n.m._, _adj._ and _adv._, late; late hour. _Trop —_; too late. _Plus —_; later; afterwards; at some other time; later on; years, _or_ centuries, after; at a later period; in after life, in after years. _Au plus —_; at the latest. _Tôt ou —_; sooner or later. _Il est —_; it is late. _Il se fait —_; it is getting late. _Mieux vaut — que jamais_; better late than never. =tarder=, _v.n._, to delay, to put off, to stay, to tarry; to loiter, to dally; to be long; (imper.) to long (to). _Il me tarde de le faire_; I long to do it. _Il ne tardera pas à venir_; it will soon be here. _Il me tarde de parler_; I am most anxious to speak. =tardi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, tardy, late, slow; backward. _Fruits —s_; late fruits. =tardiflore=, _adj._, late blooming. =tardigrade=, _adj._, tardigrade. =tardivement= (-div-mān), _adv._, tardily, slowly. =tardiveté= (-div-té), _n.f._, (hort.) lateness, backwardness. =tare=, _n.f._, (com.) tare, waste; blemish, defect, fault, imperfection. =taré=, =-e=, _adj._, injured, damaged, spoiled; of bad character; ill-famed, disreputable. =tarentelle=, _n.f._, tarantella (an Italian dance). =tarentule=, _n.f._, (ent.) tarantula. =tarer=, _v.a._, to injure, to damage, to hurt; (com.) to tare. _se_ =tarer=, _v.r._, to spoil, to deteriorate. =taret=, _n.m._, teredo-worm, ship-worm. =targe=, _n.f._, targe, target (shield). =targette=, _n.f._, flat bolt, slide-bolt. _se_ =targuer= (-ghé), _v.r._, to be proud of, to boast of, to brag of, to pride, to plume one’s self on. =targum= (-gom), _n.m._, (_—_) targum. =tari=, _n.m._, (_—_) tari (oriental drink). =tarier=, _n.m._, (orni.) white bustard, whin-chat. =tarière=, _n.f._, wimble, auger; borer; (ent.) terebra. =tarif=, _n.m._, tariff, rate, scale of prices, price-list, list of charges. =tarifer=, _v.a._, to tariff, to price, to rate. =tarin=, _n.m._, (orni.) tarin. =tarir=, _v.a._, to drain, to dry up, to exhaust. _se_ =tarir=, _v.r._, to dry up, to be exhausted, to be drained; to cease, to stop, to end. _Ne pas se —_; (fig.) to talk incessantly, never to have done. =tarir=, _v.n._, to be drained; to dry up. =tarissable=, _adj._, drainable; exhaustible. =tarissement= (-ris-mān), _n.m._, draining, exhausting, drying up. =tarlatane=, _n.f._, tarlatan (muslin). =taroté=, =-e=, _adj._, checkered, spotted (of cards). =tarots= (-rô), _n.m.pl._, spotted cards. =taroupe=, _n.f._, hair growing between the eye-brows. =tarpéienne=, _adj.f._, Tarpeian, only used in _Roche —_; Tarpeian rock. =tarse=, _n.m._, tarse, tarsus. =tarsien=, =-ne= (-si-in, -si-è-n), _adj._, tarsal. =tarsier=, _n.m._, (mam.) tarsier. =tartan=, _n.m._, tartan, plaid. =tartane=, _n.f._, (nav.) tartan (ship). =tartare=, _n.m._, Tartar; (myth.) hell. _À la —_; (cook.) with cold mustard sauce. =tartareu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, tartareous. =tartarin=, _n.m._, Barbary ape. =tartarique=, _adj._, tartaric. _V._ =tartrique=. =tartariser=, _v.a._, to tartarize. =tarte=, _n.f._, (cook.) tart. _C’est sa — à la crème_; (fig.) it is his one and constant objection. =tartelette=, _n.f._, tartlet. =tartine=, _n.f._, slice of bread (with butter, preserves, etc.); (fig.) long, tedious speech _or_ newspaper article. _— de confitures_; slice of bread and jam. =tartrate=, _n.m._, (chem.) tartrate. =tartre=, _n.m._, (chem.) tartar. =tartrique=, _adj._, (chem.) tartaric. =tartufe=, _n.m._, hypocrite. =tartuferie= (-tu-frî), _n.f._, hypocrisy. =tartufier=, _v.n._, to play the hypocrite. =tas=, _n.m._, heap, pile; lot, set (of persons); hand-anvil; (agri.) shock. _Mettre en —_; to put into a heap or heaps. _— de pierres_; heap of stones. _Un — de filous_; a set of sharpers. _Prendre au —_; to help one’s self to. =tasse=, _n.f._, cup. _— à café_; coffee-cup. _— à thé_; tea-cup. _— de thé_; cup of tea. _Demi —_; small cup (of coffee). =tasseau=, _n.m._, (arch.) hammer-beam, tassel. =tassée=, _n.f._, cupful. =tassement= (tâs-mān), _n.m._, (arch.) settling, sinking, subsiding, subsidence. =tasser=, _v.a._, to heap up, to pile up; to cram, to beat down; to compress. _se_ =tasser=, _v.r._, (arch.) to sink, to settle, to subside; (of plants) to grow thick; (of persons) to draw _or_ press closer, to crowd together. =tasser=, _v.n._, (arch.) to settle; to sink; (hort.) to grow thick. =tassette=, _n.m._, tasses, tassets (of armor). =tâte-poule=, _n.m._, (_—_) (pop.) molly-coddle, molly. =tâter=, _v.a._ and _n._, to feel; to try, to taste; to sound. _— le pouls_; to feel the pulse. _— le courage de quelqu’un_; to put any one’s courage to the test _or_ proof. _— quelqu’un sur une affaire_; to sound any one respecting anything. _— de quelque chose_; to taste anything. _se_ =tâter=, _v.r._, to examine one’s self, to feel one’s self. =tâteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, feeler, taster, irresolute person. =tâte-vin=, _n.m._, (_—_) wine taster (instrument). *=tatillon=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, meddler, busy-body. *=tatillonnage=, _n.m._, meddling, intermeddling. *=tatillonner=, _v.n._, to meddle, to intermeddle. =tâtonnement= (-to-n-mān), _n.m._, feeling one’s way, groping. _Méthode de —_; tentative method. =tâtonner=, _v.n._, to feel one’s way, to grope. =tâtonneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, groper, fumbler; waverer; irresolute person. _à_ =tâtons=, _adv._, feeling one’s way, groping; gropingly. _Marcher_, or _aller_, _à —_; to grope about, to feel one’s way. _Chercher à —_, or _chercher en tâtonnant_; to grope for. =tatou=, _n.m._, (mam.) armadillo, dasypus. =tatouage=, _n.m._, tattooing. =tatouer=, _v.a._, to tattoo. =tattersall=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) tattersall. =taude=, _n.f._, (nav.) awning. =taudion=, _n.m._, (pop.). _V._ =taudis=. =taudis=, _n.m._, hole, hovel. =taupe=, _n.f._, (mam.) mole; (vet.) ☉poll-evil; (med.) ☉wen, _V._ =loupe=; (pers.) cunning fox, intriguing person. *=taupe-grillon=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (ent.) mole-cricket. =taupier=, _n.m._, mole-catcher. =taupière=, _n.m._, mole-trap. =taupin=, _n.m._, click-beetle. _Franc —_; (obsol.) militiaman. =taupinière=, _n.f._, mole-hill; hillock, knoll. =taure=, _n.f._, yearling, heifer. =tauréador=, _n.m._, (_—s_). _V._ =toréador=. =taureau=, _n.m._, bull; (astron.) Taurus. _— sauvage_; wild bull. _Un combat de —x_; a bull-fight. =tauricorne=, _adj._, tauricornous. =tautochrone= (-krô-n), _adj._, tautochronous. =tautochronisme= (-kro-), _n.m._, tautochronism. =tautogramme=, _n.m._, tautogram (a poem every word of which begins with the same letter). =tautologie=, _n.f._, tautology. =tautologique=, _adj._, tautological. =taux=, _n.m._, price, rate, rate of interest; assessment. =tavaïolle=, _n.f._, chrisom-cloth; antimacassar. =taveler= (ta-vlé), _v.a._, to spot, to speckle. =tavelle=, _n.f._, crown-lace. =tavelure= (ta-vlur), _n.f._, spots, speckles. =taverne=, _n.f._, tavern, pot-house, public-house; beer-shop. =taverni-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, tavern-keeper, publican. =taxateur=, _n.m._, (jur.) taxer, assessor; taxing-master. =taxation=, _n.f._, taxation; fixing of prices. =taxe=, _n.f._, assize, price, price fixed; tax, assessment, impost, toll. =taxer=, _v.a._, to rate, to fix the price of; to assess; to tax, to lay a tax upon; to charge (with), to accuse (of); to term. _On le taxa d’avarice_; they taxed him with, _or_ accused him of, avarice. _se_ =taxer=, _v.r._, to tax one’s self. =taxiarque=, _n.m._, (antiq.) taxiarch. =taxidermie=, _n.f._, taxidermy. =taxis=, _n.f._, (surg.) taxis. =tayaut=, _n.m._, (hunt.). _V._ =taïaut=. =tchèque=, _n.m._, (phil.) Czech (language). =té=, _n.m._, (fort.) mines having the shape of a ⊤, to blow up an enemy’s fortification; anything in the shape of a ⊤. =te=, _pron._, thee, to thee, you, to you. =technique= (tèk-nik), _adj._, technical. =technique= (tèk-nik), _n.f._, technics. =technique= (tèk-nik), _n.m._, (arts) execution, make, style, technique. =techniquement= (tèk-nik-mān), _adv._, technically. =technologie= (tèk-no-), _n.f._, technology. =technologique= (tèk-no-), _adj._, technological. =teck= _or_ =tek=, _n.m._, (bot.) teak, teak-wood. =tectrices=, _n.f.pl._, coverts (of feathers of birds). =te deum= (té-dé-om), _n.m._, (_—_) Te Deum. =tégument=, _n.m._, tegument; (anat.) integument. *=teignasse=, _n.f._ _V._ =tignasse=. *=teigne=, _n.f._, (med.) ringworm of the scalp, trichonosis tonsurans, tinea capitis; (ent.) corn-moth (in wheat); (vet.) thrush. *=teigneu-x=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, scurvy; scurvy, dirty person. *=teillage=, _n.m._ _V._ =tillage=. *=teille=, _n.f._ _V._ =tille=. *=teiller=, _v.a._ _V._ =tiller=. *=teilleur=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (agri.). _V._ =tilleur=. =teindre= (*teignant, teint), _v.a._, to dye, to tinge, to stain, to color. =teint=, _n.m._, (dy.) dye, color; tincture; complexion. _Grand —_, _— solide_; fast dye; fast color. =teinte=, _n.f._, (paint.) tint, tinge; tincture; shade, hue; dye (fig.) smack, touch. _Demi-—_; (_—s-—s_) mezzotinto. =teinter=, _v.a._, (paint.) to tint, to tinge, to tone. =teinture=, _n.f._, dye, dyeing; (pharm.) tincture; (fig.) superficial knowledge, smattering. =teinturerie= (-tur-rî), _n.f._, dye-shop; dye-works. =teinturi-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, dyer. =tel=, =-le=, _adj._, such, like; similar; such an one. _— maître, — valet_; like master, like man. _Telle vie, telle fin_; men die as they live. _M. un —_; Mr. so and so. _J’irai dans —le ville à —le époque_; I shall go to such a town at such a time. _— quel_; such as it is, just as it was, indifferent, so so. _Ce sont des gens —s quels_; they are no great shakes. _— est pris qui croyait prendre_; it is a case of the biter bit. =télamons=, _n.m.pl._, (arch.) telamones. =télégramme=, _n.m._, telegram. =télégraphe=, _n.m._, telegraph. _Faire jouer le —_; to telegraph. =télégraphie=, _n.f._, telegraphy. =télégraphier=, _v.a._, to telegraph. =télégraphique=, _adj._, telegraphic. =télescope=, _n.m._, telescope. =télescopique=, _adj._, telescopic. =tellement= (tèl-mān), _adv._, so, in such a manner; so much; so far, in such sort. _— que_; so that, so much so that. _— quellement_; indifferently, so-so. =tellière=, _n.f._, foolscap paper. =tellure=, _n.m._, (chem.) tellurium. =tellurique=, _adj._, (chem.) telluric. =téméraire=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, rash, reckless person; rash, foolhardy, reckless. _Un coup —_; a rash enterprise. =témérairement= (-rèr-mān), _adv._, rashly, foolhardily, recklessly. =témérité=, _n.f._, temerity, rashness, foolhardiness, recklessness. *=témoignage=, _n.m._, testimony, evidence; testimonial; witness; (fig.) token, mark, proof. _Rendre — à la vérité de_; to bear witness, _or_ to testify, to the truth of. _Appeler en —_; to call to witness. _Faux —_; false swearing, perjury. _En — de quoi_; in witness whereof. *=témoigner=, _v.a._, to testify; to show, to prove, to express, to convey; to indicate, to mark. _— du chagrin_; to show sorrow. *=témoigner=, _v.n._, to testify, to witness, to bear witness, to give evidence. =témoin=, _n.m._, witness, evidence; testimony; proof; mark; second (in duels). _— auriculaire_; ear-witness. _— à charge_; witness for the prosecution. _— à décharge_; witness for the defense. _— oculaire_; eye-witness. _Prendre à —_; to call to witness. =tempe=, _n.f._, (anat.) temple. =tempérament=, _n.m._, constitution, temperament; temper; medium, middle-course, compromise; (com.) tally-trade. _Un — ruiné_; a broken constitution. =tempérance=, _n.f._, temperance, sobriety. =tempérant=, =-e=, _adj._, temperate, sober; (med.) sedative. =tempérant=, _n.m._, temperate man; (med.) sedative. =température=, _n.f._, temperature. =tempéré=, _n.m._, temperate; (rhet.) unadorned style. =tempéré=, =-e=, _adj._, temperate, mild; mixed, limited (governments); (rhet.) tempered, unadorned. =tempérer=, _v.a._, to temper, to allay, to mollify, to soothe, to assuage, to moderate, to regulate; to contain, to check. _se_ =tempérer=, _v.r._, to become tempered; to become temperate _or_ mild (of the weather). =tempête=, _n.f._, tempest, storm, gale. =tempêter=, _v.n._, to storm, to bluster, to fume. =tempêtueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, tempestuous, boisterous, stormy. =temple=, _n.m._, temple. =templier=, _n.m._, templar, knight-templar. =temporaire=, _adj._, temporary. =temporairement=, _adv._, temporarily, for the time being. =temporal=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) temporal. ☉=temporalité=, _n.f._, temporality. =temporel=, =-le=, _adj._, temporal. =temporel=, _n.m._, (ecc.) temporalities; (pol.) temporal power. =temporellement= (-rèl-mān), _adv._, temporally. =temporisat-eur=, =-rice=, _n._ and _adj._, procrastinator, temporizer; procrastinating, temporizing. =temporisation=, _n.f._, temporizing, procrastination. =temporiser=, _v.n._, to temporize, to delay, to procrastinate. =temporiseur=, _n.m._, (l.u.). _V._ =temporisateur=. =temps= (tān), _n.m._, time, while, period, term; leisure; season; weather; (gram.) tense; (mus.) time-stroke. _Passer son — à étudier_; to spend one’s time in study. _Il a fait son —_; he has had his day, he has served his time. _Du — d’Auguste_; in the time of Augustus. _— moyen_; mean time. _Dans le —_; formerly, of yore. _Avec le —_; in time, in course of time. _Grand —_; high time. _En un rien de —_ or _en deux — et trois mouvements_; in a trice, in a jiffy. _En même —_; at the same time. _À —_; in time. _De — en —_; from time to time, now and then. _De tout —_; at all times. _À quelque — de là_; some time after. _S’accommoder au —_; to comply with the times. _Le — perdu ne se retrouve point_; lost time is never found again. _Réparer le — perdu_; to make up for lost time. _Se donner du bon —_; to take it easy; to enjoy one’s self. _Prendre le — comme il vient_; to take things easily. _Du — que Berthe filait_; when Adam delved and Eve spun _or_ when the world was young. _Par le — qui court_; nowadays, as times go. _Autres — autres mœurs_; manners change with the times. _En — et lieu_; in proper time and place. _Prendre bien son —_; to choose one’s time well. _Quel — fait-il?_ what sort of weather is it? _Il fait beau —_; it is fine weather. _Gros —_; (nav.) stormy weather. _Mauvais —_; bad weather. _— fait_; settled weather. _Par le — qu’il fait_; in such weather (_i.e._ as we are having). =tenable=, _adj._, tenable; habitable. =tenace=, _adj._, tenacious, adhesive, sticky; niggardly, stingy; retentive (of the memory). =ténacité=, _n.f._, tenacity, tenaciousness, adhesiveness; retentiveness (of the memory); stinginess. *=tenaille=, _n.f._, (fort.) tenaille. _pl._, pincers, nippers, pinchers, tongs. *=tenailler=, _v.a._, to tear off, to hold tight, to squeeze; (fig.) to torture, to torment. *=tenaillon=, _n.m._, (fort.) tenaillon. =tenance=, _n.f._, (feudalism) tenancy. =tenanci-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, (feudalism) holder, occupier. _Franc —_; freeholder. =tenant=, _n.m._, (at a tournament) challenger, champion; supporter; defender. _Les —s et aboutissants_; the adjacent lands, houses, etc.; (fig.) details, particulars, circumstances. =tenant=, =-e=, _adj._, holding, having something of, seldom used but in the expression, _Séance —e_; before the meeting separates, during the sitting; there and then. =ténare=, _n.m._, (poet.) Tænarus, hell. =tendance=, _n.f._, tendency, leaning, inclination. =tendant=, =-e=, _adj._, tending, aiming at. =tendelet= (tan-dlè), _n.m._, (nav.) awning, canopy; (arch.) tilt. =tender= (tin-dèr), _n.m._, (rail.) tender. =tendeu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, stretcher, hanger (of tapestry); spreader, layer, setter (of snares); coupling-iron. =tendineu-x=, _-se_, _adj._, tendinous. =tendon=, _n.m._, (anat.) tendon, sinew. =tendre=, _adj._, tender, soft; delicate, sensitive, affecting, moving, fond, affectionate, loving; early, young, new (of bread). _Du pain —_; new bread. _Avoir le cœur —_; to be tender-hearted. _Un métal —_; a soft metal. _Couleur —_; delicate color. =tendre=, _n.m._, (fam.) tenderness, affection, liking, inclination; love. _Le pays de —_; Love. =tendre=, _v.a._, to bend, to stretch, to spread, to lay; to strain; to set; to hold out; to pitch (tents); to hang (tapestry). _— un arc_; to bend a bow. _— une souricière_; to set a mouse-trap. _— un lit_; to put up a bed. _Il me tendit la main_; he stretched out his hand to me. _— la joue_; to hold out the cheek. _— les bras à quelqu’un_; to hold out one’s arms to any one. _— une tente_; to pitch a tent. _— la perche à_; to help, to lend a helping hand to. _Il vaut mieux — la main que le cou_; it is better to beg than to steal. _L’arc toujours tendu se gâte_; all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. =tendre=, _v.n._, to lead to; to tend; to conduce; to hang tapestry, etc. _Où tend ce chemin?_ where does that road lead to? =tendrement=, _adv._, tenderly, dearly, affectionately. =tendresse=, _n.f._, tenderness, love, fondness. _pl._, tender caresses. =tendret=, =-te=, _adj._, rather tender. =tendreté=, _n.f._, (l.u.) tenderness (of fruit, etc.). =tendron=, _n.m._, shoot, tendril (of plants); gristle; (fam.) young lass. =tendu=, =-e=, _part._ and _adj._, bent; tight, stiff; strained. _Style —_; stiff, affected, far-fetched, unnatural style. _Situation —_; a strained _or_ delicate situation. =ténèbres=, _n.f.pl._, darkness, night, gloom. _Les — de l’ignorance_; the night of ignorance. =ténébreusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, darkly, gloomily; secretly. =ténébreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, dark, gloomy, obscure, overcast, melancholy; underhand. =tènement= (tè-n-mān), _n.m._, (feudalism) tenement; block of houses. =ténesme=, _n.m._, (med.) tenesmus. =tenettes=, _n.f.pl._, (surg.) lithotomy forceps, extractor. =teneur=, _n.f._, tenor, terms, text; purport; contents. _Je n’en comprends pas la —_; I don’t understand the purport of it. =teneur de livres=, _n.m._, book-keeper. =tenez!= _int._ _V._ =tiens=. =ténia=, _n.m._, tænia, tape-worm. =tenir= (tenant, tenu), _v.a._, to hold, to have hold of, to have; to contain; to possess; to believe, to regard, to maintain, to be possessed of, to occupy; to take up, to keep; to perform; to account, to look upon, to consider, to think, to detain. _Vous tenez trop de place_; you take up too much room. _— maison_; to keep house. _— boutique_; to keep a shop. _— le lit_; to keep one’s bed. _— le large_; (nav.) to go out into the open. _— la mer_; (nav.) to be seaworthy. _— la campagne_; (milit.) to have taken, _or_ to hold, the field. _— la tête droite_; to hold up one’s head. _— les yeux baissés_; to keep one’s eyes down. _Cela m’a tenu plus que je ne pensais_; that detained me longer than I thought. _Je tiens cela de bonne source_; I have it on the best authority. _Je le tiens pour honnête homme_; I look upon him as an honest man. _Voilà la conduite qu’il tient_; such is the way in which he behaves. _— sa parole_; to keep one’s word. _Cessez de — ce langage_; cease to hold this language, cease to speak in such a manner. _— table ouverte_; to keep open house (com.). _— les livres en partie double_; to keep books by double entry. _— la caisse_; to be a cashier, to have charge of the cash. _— registre de quelque chose_; to keep an account of anything. _Je tiendrai compte de cela_; I shall take that into consideration. _— quelqu’un à distance_; to hold any one at a distance. _— quelque chose dans la main_; to hold anything in the hollow of one’s hand. _Faire — des lettres à quelqu’un_; to forward, _or_ send, letters to any one. _— lieu de_; to be instead of, to stand in the place of. _Il m’a tenu lieu de père_; he has been like a father to me. _— le loup par les oreilles_; to be in a critical situation. _— son homme_; to have one’s man. _— quelqu’un à quatre_; to hold any one down by force. _se_ =tenir=, _v.r._, to hold, to hold on, to hold fast, to hold each other; to abide by; to cling, to adhere, to stick; to keep, to stay; to keep one’s self; to be; to stand, to lie; to remain; to be held; to sit; to think one’s self, to consider one’s self; to contain one’s self, to refrain. _Je m’y tiens_; I stand (at cards). _S’en tenir à_; to rely on, to adhere to, to rest content, to stick to. _Je m’en tiens à votre avis_; I stick to your advice. _Se — mal à cheval_; not to sit well on horseback. _Tenez-vous en là_; go no further in the matter; remain content. _Se — en embuscade_; to lie in ambush. _Se — sur ses gardes_; to stand upon one’s guard. _Se le — pour dit_; to take it for granted; not to forget it. _Tenez-vous en repos_; be, _or_ keep, quiet. _Se — à ne rien faire_; to stand doing nothing. _Se — les bras croisés_; to sit with one’s arms crossed. _Se — à genoux_; to be, to remain, upon one’s knees. _Se — debout_; to stand up. _Se — droit_; to stand upright. _Je me suis tenu à quatre pour ne pas rire_; it was almost more than I could do not to laugh. _Ne pas savoir à quoi s’en tenir_; not to know what to believe. _Savoir à quoi s’en —_; to know how it is, how matters stand, _or_ what to do. =tenir=, _v.n._, to hold, to hold fast; to be contiguous; to hang; to adhere, to stick; to be held (of fairs, markets, assemblies); to take after; to be of the nature; to keep together, to remain; to withstand, to resist; (milit.) to hold out; to subsist; to be connected with; to be desirous; to proceed, to result. _— bon_; to hold out, to stick fast. _Il tient à le faire_; he is anxious to do it. _Il ne tient pas à moi qu’elle ne vienne pas_; it is not my fault that she does not come. _Qu’à cela ne tienne_; never mind, let not that be an objection. _Il n’y a pas d’amitié qui tienne_; friendship has nothing to do with the question. _La vie ne tient qu’à un fil_; life only hangs on a thread. _S’il ne tient qu’à cela_; if that is all. _À quoi tient-il que?_ how is it that? _À quoi cela tient-il?_ what is it owing to? _Il tient de son père_; he takes after his father. _Ce clou ne tient pas_; this nail does not hold. _Je n’y tiens plus_; I cannot stand it any longer. _Je n’y tiens pas_; I am not particular about it. _En —_; to be smitten. _Il ne tient qu’à vous de_; it only depends on you to, _or_ only rests with you to. _Tiens! c’est vous_; hullo! well, I never! is that you? _Tiens! tiens!_ indeed, you don’t say so. _Il vaut mieux — que courir_ or _un tiens vaut mieux que deux tu l’auras_; (prov.) a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. _Cela lui tient au cœur_; he thinks of nothing else. _— comme teigne_; (pop.) to stick like wax. =tenon=, _n.m._, tenon; bolt (of fire-arms); nut (of an anchor). =ténor=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (mus.) tenor. =ténotomie=, _n.f._, (surg.) tenotomy. =tensi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, tense. =tension=, _n.f._, tension, intenseness. _— d’esprit_; intense application of mind. =tenson=, _n.f._, (ancient poet.) tenson (love-plaint). =tentacule=, _n.m._, (ent.) tentacle, feeler. =tentant=, =-e=, _adj._, tempting. =tentat-eur=, _n.m._, _adj._, =-rice=, _n.f._, tempter, temptress, tempting. =tentati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, tentative. =tentation=, _n.f._, temptation. =tentative=, _n.f._, attempt, trial, endeavor. =tente=, _n.f._, tent, pavilion, (nav.) awning. _Dresser une —_; to pitch a tent. =tenté=, _adj._, tempted, disposed, inclined. =tenter=, _v.a._, to attempt, to try, to tempt. _se_ =tenter=, _v.r._, to be attempted _or_ tried. =tenture=, _n.f._, tapestry, hangings. =tenu=, =-e=, _part._, held, kept; bound, obliged; reputed, considered. _Je ne suis pas — à cela_; I am not bound to that. _À l’impossible nul n’est —_; there’s no flying without wings. =ténu=, =-e=, _adj._, tenuous, thin, spare. =tenue=, _n.f._, holding (of assemblies); session; attitude (of a person); dress; deportment, carriage, bearing, address; appearance; steadiness (of troops); keeping (of books); (mus.) holding-note; (nav.) anchor-hold; holding (of the pen); steadiness (of a thing). _Tout d’une —_; contiguous (of lands). _Grande —_; (milit.) full dress. _Petite —_; (milit.) undress. _— des livres_; book-keeping. =ténuirostres=, _n.m.pl._, (orni.) tenuirostres. =ténuité=, _n.f._, tenuity, thinness, spareness. =tenure=, _n.f._, tenure. =téorbe=, _n.m._, (mus.) theorbo, archlute. =tépide=, _adj._, (l.u.). _V._ =tiède=. =tépidité=, _n.f._, (l.u.). _V._ =tiédeur=. =ter= (tèr), _adv._, third; (mus.) three times; (of houses) B. =tératologie=, _n.f._, (physiology) teratology. =tercer= _or_ =terser= (tèr-), _v.a._, to give a third dressing to. =tercet= (tèr-sè), _n.m._, tiercet (poet.). =térébenthine=, _n.f._, turpentine. =térébinthe=, _n.m._, (bot.) turpentine-tree. =térébrant=, _adj._, (med.) keen, lancinating pain; (mol.) terebrating. =térébrants=, _n.m.pl._, (ent.) terebrantia. =térébration=, _n.f._, terebration, boring. =tergiversation=, _n.f._, tergiversation, shift, evasion, shuffling. =tergiverser=, _v.n._, to tergiversate, to shift, to practise evasion, to shuffle. =terme= (tèrm), _n.m._, term; termination; bound, end, limit, post; time; quarter’s-rent, quarter-day; boundary; word, expression. _pl._, state, condition, terms. _Toucher au —_; to draw near the term, the close. _Payer son —_; to pay one’s rent. _Qui a — ne doit rien_; no one is obliged to pay before a debt is due. _Le — vaut l’argent_; time is money. _Ménager ses —s_; to modify one’s expressions. _À long —_; (com.) of bills long-dated. _À court —_; short-dated. _Avant —_; prematurely, before one’s time. =termès=, _n.m._ _V._ =termite=. =terminaison=, _n.f._, termination, end, ending. =terminal=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) terminal. =terminati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (gram.) terminational. =terminer= (tèr-), _v.a._, to terminate, to end, to bound, to limit, to put an end to, to conclude, to bring to a close, to settle. _se_ =terminer=, _v.r._, to end, to come to an end, to terminate, to be bounded; to conclude, to be brought to a conclusion, to be settled. =terminologie=, _n.f._, terminology. =termite= _or_ =termès=, _n.m._, (ent.) white ant; termes. _pl._, termites. =ternaire= (tèr-nèr), _adj._, tenary. =terne= (tèr-n), _adj._, tarnished, dull, dim; wan, tame, spiritless. =terne= (tèr-n), _n.m._, two threes (at dice); trey (in a lottery). =terné=, =-e= (tèr-), _adj._, (bot.) ternate. =ternir=, _v.a._, to tarnish, to dull; to deaden; to sully; to stain. _— des couleurs_; to deaden the colors. _— sa gloire_; to tarnish one’s glory. _se_ =ternir=, _v.r._, to tarnish, to grow dull, to be sullied; to fade (of colors). =ternissure=, _n.f._, tarnishing, dullness, fading, blemish, stain. =terrage=, _n.m._, claying (of sugar). =terrain=, _n.m._, ground; soil, earth, land; ground-plot; piece of ground, field, course. _Gagner du —_; to gain ground. _Tâter le —_; (fig.) to feel one’s way. _Être sur son —_; to be in one’s element. _Sur le —_; on the field. _Aller sur le —_; to fight a duel. _Céder le —_; to yield, to give way. _Disputer le —_; to stand one’s ground, to dispute every inch of the ground. _Le — des courses_; the race course, the course. _Ménager le —_; (fig.) to act cautiously. =terral=, _n.m._, (nav.) wind coming from land. =terraqué=, =-e= (-ké), _adj._, terraqueous. =terrasse=, _n.f._, terrace; flat roof, balcony, earthwork; (paint.) foreground. =terrassement= (-ras-mān), _n.m._, earthwork, embankment, ballasting, banking. =terrasser=, _v.a._, to fill in with earth-work; to embank; to throw on the ground; to fell, to throw down; to knock down; to confound, to dismay, to throw into consternation, to nonplus, to beat. =terrasseu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, earthy (of marble). =terrassier=, _n.m._, digger, excavator, navvy. =terre=, _n.f._, earth, land, ground, soil, mold; dominion, territory, grounds, estate, property, homestead; world; land, shore. _Cultiver la —_; to till the ground. _— ferme_; dry-land, _terra firma_, main land, continent. _Se coucher à —_; to lie flat on the ground. _Jeter un homme à —_; to throw a man on the ground. _Hautes —s_; highlands. _Basses —s_; lowlands. _— à foulon_ or _— à dégraisser_; fuller’s earth. _— à potier_; potter’s earth. _Vaisselle de —_; earthenware. _Mettre pied à —_; to alight. _Mettre à —_; to put down; (nav.) to land. _Perdre —_; to lose sight of land; to get out of one’s depth (in swimming). _Aller à —_; to be prosy, to grovel; (man.) to passage low; (nav.) to sail along the coast. _— franche_; vegetable mold. _— sainte_; consecrated ground; holy land. _Pipe de_, or _en_, _—_; clay pipe. _— à porcelaine_; china clay. _— glaise_; clay. _Par —_; on the ground, on the floor; by land. _À —_; on the ground, on the floor. _Tomber par —_, _tomber à —_; to fall down. _Aller par —_; to go by land. _Qui — a, guerre a_; much coin, much care. _Mettre en —_; to bury. _Ventre à —_; at full gallop. _Vivre sur ses —s_; to live on one’s property. _Vivre de ses —s_; to live on the income of one’s property. _— à —_, _adj._, commonplace; vulgar, low, prosy. =terreau=, _n.m._, (gard.) vegetable mold; mold, compost. =terre d’ombre=, _n.f._ _V._ =ombre=. =terre-mérite=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) turmeric (in powder). =terre-neuve=, _n.m._, (_—_) Newfoundland dog. =terre-neuvier=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (nav.) banker; Newfoundland fisherman, _or_ (of a ship) trader; Newfoundland dog. =terre-noix=, _n.f._, (_—_) (bot.), pig-nut, earth-nut, ground-nut. =terre-plein=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (fort.) terre-plein; platform. =terrer=, _v.a._, (gard.) to renew the mold of; to spread mold over; to burrow; to clay (sugar), to fuller’s earth (cloth, etc.). _se_ =terrer=, _v.r._, to earth one’s self, to burrow. =terrer=, _v.n._, to burrow. =terrestre=, _adj._, terrestrial, earthly. =terrette=, _n.f._, ground-ivy. =terreur= (tèr-reur), _n.f._, terror, trepidation, awe, dread. _Temps de la —_; (French hist.) Reign of Terror. =terreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, terreous, earthy; dirty; dull (of colors); cadaverous (of the countenance). =terrible= (tèr-ribl), _adj._, terrible, dreadful, awful; unmanageable (of children). =terriblement= (tèr-ri-), _adv._, terribly, dreadfully, awfully; with a vengeance. =terrien= (tè-ri-in), _n.m._, =-ne= (tè-ri-èn), _n.f._, landholder. =terrier= (tè-rié), _n.m._, terrier (hole); burrow, hole; terrier (dog). _— griffin_; Scotch terrier. =terrier= (tè-rié), _adj.m._, only used in the expression, _Papier —_; court-roll, terrier. =terrifier= (tèr-ri-), _v.a._, to terrify, to dismay. =terrine= (tè-ri-n), _n.f._, earthen pan; dish. _En —_; potted. =terrinée= (tè-ri-), _n.f._, panful. =terrir= (tè-rir), _v.n._, to lay eggs in earth or sand (of the tortoise); (nav.) to approach land. =territoire= (tè-ri-toar), _n.m._, territory; jurisdiction. =territorial=, =-e= (tè-ri-), _adj._, territorial. =terroir= (tè-roar), _n.m._, soil, ground. _Goût de —_; raciness (of style). =terroriser= (tèr-ro-), _v.a._, to govern by terror, to terrorize. =terrorisme= (tèr-ro-), _n.m._, terrorism. =terroriste= (tèr-ro-), _n.m._, terrorist. =terser= (tèr-), _v.a._ _V._ =tercer=. =tertiaire= (tèr-siè-r), _adj._, (geol., med.) tertiary. =tertio= (tèr-siô), _adv._, thirdly. =tertre= (tèr-), _n.m._, hillock, rising ground, knoll, ridge, mound. _— funéraire_; grave; moldering heap (Gray). =tes= (tè), _possessive adj._ _pl._, thy. _V._ =ton=. =tesson= (tè-) _or_ =têt= (tè), _n.m._, potsherd, fragment of broken glass. =test= (tèst), _n.m._, (English hist.) test. =test= (tèst) _or_ =têt= (tè), _n.m._, (zöol.) shell. =testacé= (tès-), _n.m._, shelled animal, testacean. =testacé=, =-e= (tès-), _adj._, testaceous. =testament= (tès-), _n.m._, Testament; testament, will, last will and testament. _Ancien —_; Old Testament. _Nouveau —_; New Testament. =testamentaire= (tès-), _adj._, testamentary. ☉=testat= (tès-tat), _adj._, testate. =testat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, (tès-), testator, testatrix. =tester= (tès-), _v.n._, to make one’s will. _Mourir sans —_; to die intestate. =testicule= (tès-), _n.m._, testicle. =testif= (tès-), _n.m._, camel’s hair. =testimonial=, =-e= (tès-), _adj._, testifying, of testimony, by witness. ☉=teston= (tès-), _n.m._, (old coin) testoon. ☉=testonner= (tès-), _v.a._, to dress the hair. =têt= (tè) _or_ =test= (tèst), _n.m._, (chem., metal.) test, cupel, potsherd, broken glass, etc. =tétanique=, _adj._, (med.) tetanic. =tétanos= (-nos), _n.m._, (med.) tetanus; lock-jaw. =têtard=, _n.m._, tadpole; pole-socket (of carriages); (ich.) bull-head, miller’s thumb. =tétasses= (tè-), _n.f.pl._, (triv.) flabby hanging-down breasts. =tête=, _n.f._, head, head-piece; brains, sense, judgment; presence of mind, self-possession; hair, head of hair; horns (of stags); front, head (of a bridge); top (of things); (milit.) van, vanguard; court-card (of playing cards); (bot.) capitulum; header (swimming). _— à perruque_; wig-block, barber’s block; (fig.) blockhead, old fogy. _— de Méduse_; Medusa’s head; (fig.) anything producing terror, anything horrible. _Mal de —_; headache. _Signe de —_; nod. _La — en avant_; head foremost. _— ou pile_; head or tails. _— de colonne_; foremost body. _— de ligne_; starting point, terminus, port of departure. _Payer tant par —_; to pay so much a head, a piece. _Aller la — levée_; to carry one’s head high. _Donner — baissée contre_; to run full butt at. _Donner de la — contre un mur_; to hit one’s head against a stone wall. _Se monter la —_; to get excited over anything. _Avoir mauvaise — mais bon cœur_; to be quick-tempered, but kind-hearted. _Avoir la — fêlée_; to be crack-brained. _Avoir des affaires par-dessus la —_; to be over head and ears in business, in work. _Avoir de la —_; to have presence of mind, to be resolute. _Ce sont deux —s dans un bonnet_; they are hand and glove together. _Crier à tue —_; to bawl out loud, to shout at the top of one’s voice. _— baissée_; headlong. _— pelée_, _— chauve_; bald head. _Cela lui met martel en —_; that worries him to death. _La — me fend_; my head is ready to split. _La — me tourne_; I feel giddy. _En avoir pardessus la —_; to be sick and tired of anything, to be over head and ears in. _Avoir la — près du bonnet_; to be passionate, hot-headed. _La — lui a tourné_; he has lost his senses. _Il ne sait où donner de la —_; he does not know which way to turn. _Autant de —s, autant d’opinions_; so many men, so many minds. _Il y va de votre —_; your life is at stake. _Vous en répondrez sur votre —_; your head will answer for it. _Il est homme de —_; he has a good head, he is a man of resource. _Il a la — dure_; he is dull of understanding. _C’est une mauvaise —_; he is an obstinate fellow. _Avoir une chose en —_; to have a thing in one’s head, to be bent upon a thing. _Perdre la —_; to lose one’s head, to lose one’s self-possession; to lose one’s wits. _Agir de —_; to act with prudence. _Faire à sa —_; to have one’s own way, to follow one’s own bent. _Avoir la — chaude_; to be hot-headed. _Tenir — à quelqu’un_; to cope with any one. _Tourner la — à quelqu’un_; to turn any one’s head, brain. _De la — aux pieds_; from head to foot; from top to toe. _Faire un signe de —_; to nod. _— de mort_; death’s head. _En —_; in one’s head; in front, ahead. _— d’âne_; (ich.) miller’s thumb, bull-head. =tête-à-tête=, _n.m._, (_—_) tête-à-tête, private interview _or_ conversation. _En —_; face to face, in private, by ourselves, etc.; (furniture) settee, ottoman. =têteau=, _n.m._, end of a branch. =tête-bêche=, _adj._, top against bottom. =tête-bleu!= _int._, zounds! =tête-dieu!= _int._, zounds! =teter= (té-) _or_ =téter=, _v.a._, to suck (milk). =teter= (té-) _or_ =téter=, _v.n._, to suck. _Donner à — à_; to give suck to, to suckle. =têtière= (-ti-è-r), _n.f._, infant’s cap; antimacassar; head-stall (of a bridle). =tétin= (té-), _n.m._, nipple, teat. =tétine= (té-), _n.f._, (cook.) udder; dent (on a cuirass). =téton= (té-), _n.m._, teat, breast (of a woman). _Bouton du —_; nipple. =tétonnière= (té-), _n.f._, breast-band; (l.ex.) full-breasted woman. =tétra=, a prefix from Gr. τετρα. =tétracorde=, _n.m._, tetrachord. =tétradrachme=, _n.m._ and _f._, (antiq.) tetradrachm. =tétradynamie=, _n.f._, (bot.) tetradynamia. =tétraèdre=, _n.m._, (geom.) tetrahedron. =tétragone=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (geom.) tetragon; tetragonal. =tétralogie=, _n.f._, (antiq.) tetralogy. =tétramètre=, _n.m._, tetrameter. =tétrandrie=, _n.f._, (bot.) tetrandria. =tétrapétalé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) tetrapetalous. =tétraphylle=, _adj._, (bot.) tetraphyllous. =tétrarcat= _or_ =tétrarchat=, _n.m._, tetrarchate. =tétrarchie=, _n.f._, tetrarchy. =tétrarque=, _n.m._, tetrarch. =tétras= (-trâs), _n.m._, (orni.) grouse, capercailzie. =tétrastyle=, _n.m._, (arch.) tetrastyle. =tétrasyllabe=, _n.m._, (gram.) tetrasyllable. =tette= (têt), _n.f._, teat, dug (of animals). =tette-chèvre= (tèt-), _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (orni.) goat-sucker, fern-owl. =têtu=, =-e=, _adj._, headstrong, willful, stubborn, obstinate. =têtu=, _n.m._, (tech.) granite hammer. =teutonique=, _adj._, Teutonic. =texte= (tèkst), _n.m._, text, theme, matter, subject, point; (jur.) purview; passage (of Scripture). _Petit —_; (print.) brevier. _Gros —_; (print.) two-line brevier. _Revenir à son —_; to return to the point. _Restituer un —_; to restore a text. _Livre de —_; text-book. =textile= (tèks-til), _n.m._ and _adj._, textile material; textile. =textuaire= (tèks-tu-è-r), _n.m._, text. _adj._, textuary. =textuel=, =-le= (tèks-tu-èl), _adj._, textual, word for word. =textuellement= (tèks-tu-èl-mān), _adv._, textually, word for word, verbatim. =texture= (tèks-tur), _n.f._, weaving, texture; connection. =thalame=, _n.m._, (bot.) thalamus. =thaler= (-lèr), _n.m._, dollar (German coin). =thallium=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) (chem.) thallium. =thalweg=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (geog.) thalweg; middle line of a river. =thane=, _n.m._, thane (Saxon _or_ Danish baron). =thapsie=, _n.f._, (bot.) deadly carrot. =thaumaturge=, _n.m._ and _adj._, thaumaturge; thaumaturgical. =thaumaturgie=, _n.f._, thaumaturgy. =thé=, _n.m._, tea; tea-party; (bot.) tea-tree. _Boîte à —_; tea-caddy, tea-canister. _Cabaret à —_, _service à —_; set of tea-things, tea-service. =théatin=, _n.m._, theatine (monk _or_ nun). =théâtral=, =-e=, _adj._, theatrical. =théâtralement=, _adv._, theatrically. =théâtre=, _n.m._, theater, playhouse; stage; plays (collection); theater (scene, place of action); scene, field, seat. _Monter sur le —_; to appear upon the stage, to act, to tread the boards. _Changement de —_; change of scenery. _Coup de —_; unexpected event, striking event; (fam.) claptrap. _— de la guerre_; seat of war. _— de Corneille_; Corneille’s plays. _Roi de —_; mere shadow of a king. _Accommoder un sujet au —_; to adapt anything for the stage. =thébaïde=, _n.f._, Egyptian desert; (fig.) a desert, lonely solitude. =thébain=, _n.m._ and _adj._, Theban. =théière=, _n.f._, tea-pot. =théiforme=, _adj._, theiform (infusions). =théisme=, _n.m._, theism. =théiste=, _n.m._, theist. =theifuse=, _n.f._, river-crab. =thème=, _n.m._, topic, subject, theme; (mus.) theme; (astrol.) scheme; composition, exercise (in schools). =thémis=, _n.f._, Themis, (poet. st.e.) justice. =théocratie= (-ci), _n.f._, theocracy. =théocratique=, _adj._, theocratic, theocratical. =théocratiquement= (-tik-mān), _adv._, theocratically. =théodicée=, _n.f._, theodicy. =théodolite=, _n.m._, (math.) theodolite. =théodosien=, _adj._, Theodosian. =théogonie=, _n.f._, theogony. =théogonique=, _adj._, relating to theogony. =théologal=, _n.m._, lecturer on divinity. =théologal=, =-e=, _adj._, theological, divine. =théologale=, _n.f._, lectureship on divinity. =théologie=, _n.f._, theology, divinity. _Docteur en —_; doctor of divinity. =théologien= (-ji-in), _n.m._, theologian, divine. =théologique=, _adj._, theological. =théologiquement= (-jik-mān), _adv._, theologically. =théorbe=, _n.m._ _V._ =téorbe=. =théorème=, _n.m._, theorem. =théoricien= (-sī-in), _n.m._, theorist. =théorie=, _n.f._, theory; speculation. _Faire des —s_; to speculate, to theorize. =théorique=, _adj._, theoretical. =théoriquement= (-rik-mān), _adv._, theoretically. =théoriser=, _v.a._, to theorize. =théoriste=, _n.m._, theorist. =théosophe=, _n.m._, theosophist. =théosophie=, _n.f._, theosophy. =thérapeutes=, _n.m.pl._, (religious order) Therapeutics. =thérapeutique=, _adj._, therapeutical. =thérapeutique=, _n.f._, (med.) therapeutics. =thériacal=, =-e=, _adj._, (pharm.) theriac, theriacal. =thériaque=, _n.f._, (pharm.) theriac. =thermal=, =-e= (tèr-), _adj._, thermal. _Eaux —es_; hot mineral waters, hot springs. =thermes= (tèrm), _n.m.pl._, thermal baths; (antiq.) thermæ. =thermidor= (tèr-), _n.m._, Thermidor, eleventh month of the calendar of the first French republic, from July 19th to August 17th. =thermidorien=, =-ne= (tèr-), _n._ and _adj._, Thermidorian. =thermo-manomètre= (tèr-), _n.m._, (of steam-engines) thermometer-gauge. =thermomètre= (tèr-), _n.m._, thermometer. =thermométrique= (tèr-), _adj._, thermometric. =thermoscope= (tèr-), _n.m._, (phys.) thermoscope. =thermostat= (tèr-), _n.m._, (phys.) thermostat. =thésauriser=, _v.n._, to treasure up, to hoard up, to heap up treasure. =thésauriseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, hoarder. =thèse=, _n.f._, thesis, theme; disputation, argument, discussion; the printed sheet containing the thesis. _Vous sortez de la —_; you are wandering from the question. _Soutenir — pour quel-qu’un_; to side with any one, to stand up for any one. _Il voulut soutenir sa —_; he resolved to maintain his point. _Cela change la —_; that alters the matter. _En — générale_; as a rule. =thessalonicien=, _n.m._ and _adj._, Thessalonian. =théurgie=, _n.f._, theurgy. =théurgique=, _adj._, theurgic, theurgical. =thibaude=, _n.f._, hair-cloth, cow-hair cloth, coarse drugget. =thlaspi=, _n.m._, (bot.) thlaspi. =thon=, _n.m._, (ich.) tunny, tunny-fish. =thoracique= _or_ ☉=thorachique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (med.) pectoral; thoracic. _Canal —_; thoracic duct. =thorax= (-raks), _n.m._, (anat.) thorax, chest. =thridace=, _n.f._, (pharm.) lactucarium, lettuce-opium. =thrombus= (-bus), _n.m._, (surg.) thrombus. =thuia=, _n.m._, (bot.) thuja, arbor vitæ. =thuriféraire=, _n.m._, (c.rel.) censer-bearer. =thurifère=, _n.m._, (bot.) thuriferous. =thuya=, _n.m._ _V._ =thuia=. =thyade=, _n.f._, (antiq.) Bacchante. =thym= (tin), _n.m._, (bot.) thyme. =thymus=, _n.m._, (_—_) (anat.) thymus. =thyroïde=, _adj._, (anat.) thyroid. =thyrse=, _n.m._, (antiq.) thyrsus; (bot.) thyrsus. =tiare= (tiar), _n.f._, tiara. =tibia=, _n.m._, (anat.) tibia, shin, shin-bone. =tibial=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) tibial. =tibio-tarsien=, =-ne= (-si-in, -è-n), _adj._, (anat.) tibio-tarsal. =tic=, _n.m._, knack, ugly knack, bad habit; (vet.) crib-biting; bad habits of cattle; (med.) tic. _— douloureux_; tic douloureux, facial neuralgia. =tic tac=, _n.m._, ticktack; tick, ticking, click. =tiède=, _adj._, lukewarm, tepid; mild, soft, cool; (fig.) indifferent. =tièdement= (tièd-mān), _adv._, coldly, with indifference; lukewarmly. =tiédeur=, _n.f._, lukewarmness, tepidity, tepidness; (fig.) coldness, indifference. =tiédir=, _v.n._, to cool, to grow lukewarm, to become lukewarm; to grow cool, to become cool. =tien=, =-ne= (ti-in, -è-n), _pron._, thine, yours. =tien=, _n.m._, thine, thy own, yours, your own. _Les —s_; thy people, thy relations and friends. =tiens=, _n.m._, only used in the expression _Un — vaut mieux que deux tu l’auras_; (prov.) a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. =tiens!= _or_ =tenez!= _int._, expressing astonishment, _or_ to call the attention of the hearer; look! look here! look there! hold! now then! there! =tierce= (tièrs), _n.f._, third (of time); (mus.) third, tierce; tierce (at cards); (fenc.) tiers; (print.) press-revise. _— majeure_; (mus.) major third; tierce major (at cards). _— mineure_; (mus.) minor third. =tiercelet= (tièr-slè), _n.m._, (hawking) tercel, tiercel, tiercelet, tarsel. =tiercement= (tièrs-mān), _n.m._, (thea.) increase of a third (in prices); ☉(jur.) outbidding by one third a price offered. =tiercer= (tièrsé), _v.a._ and _n._, (thea.) to raise prices one third; ☉(jur.) to outbid by one third a price offered; (agri.) to plow a third time. _V._ =tercer=. =tierceron= (tièr-), _n.m._, (arch.) tierceron. =tierçon= (tièr-), _n.m._, a measure, tierce (of a cask). =tier-s=, =-ce= (tièr, tièrs), _adj._, third, of a third person, third party. _Le — état_; the people, the commons. _Fièvre —ce_; tertian ague. _— porteur_, _— détenteur_; third party _or_ hand. _— parti_; third party. =tiers=, _n.m._, third, third person; third part. _Le — et le quart_; everybody, all the world. =tiers-point=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (arch.) tierce-point; (tech.) saw-file. =tige=, _n.f._, trunk, stem, body; stalk, leg (of a boot); shank (of a candlestick); stock, head (of a family); shank (of an anchor); straw (of corn); tail (of a valve); (tech.) rod. _— de communication_; connecting rod. _— graduée_; index rod. _Arbres à haute —_; tall trees. _Arbres à basse —_; dwarf trees. =tigette=, _n.f._, (arch.) honeysuckle ornament (at the springing of a volute). *=tignasse=, _n.f._, (fam., pop.), mop, shock (of hair); old wig. *=tignon=, _n.m._ _V._ =chignon=. *=tignonner=, _v.a._, to curl the hair behind the head (of women). *_se_ =tignonner=, _v.r._, to seize each other by the hair (behind), to pull caps, to have a set-to. =tigre=, _n.m._, (mam.) tiger; (ich.) square fish; (conch.) tiger-shell; groom; (ent.) tiger-beetle. =tigre=, _adj._, spotted (like a tiger). =tigré=, =-e=, _adj._, spotted, speckled. =tigrer=, _v.a._, to spot, to speckle. =tigresse=, _n.f._, (mam.) tigress. =tilbury=, _n.m._, tilbury, gig, two-wheeled cart. =tiliacées=, _n.f.pl._, (bot.) tiliaceæ. *=tillac=, _n.m._, (nav.) deck, poop. _Franc —_; main deck. _Faux —_; orlop deck. *=tillage= _or_ =teillage=, _n.m._, (agri.) stripping, scutching (hemp). *=tille= _or_ =teille=, _n.f._, bast of the lime-tree; cabin, cuddy (of an undecked vessel); ax-hammer; hemp-harl. *=tiller= _or_ =teiller=, _v.a._, (agri.) to peel, to strip, to scutch (hemp). *=tilleul=, _n.m._, (bot.) linden-tree, lime-tree. *=tilleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, _or_ =teilleu-r=, =-se=, (agri.) stripper, scutcher (of hemp). =timbale=, _n.f._, kettle-drum; (mus.) timbal; cup (of metal); battledore; (cook.) mold. =timbalier=, _n.m._, kettle-drummer. =timbrage=, _n.m._, stamping (of government paper). =timbre=, _n.m._, bell, clock-bell; office-bell, call-bell; ring, sound (of a bell); thrill, tone, voice; stamp (on paper); (her.) helmet; (horl.) bell; (post-office) post-mark; head, brains. _— de la voix_; tone of the voice. _— acquit_, _quittance_; receipt-stamp. _Droit de —_; stamp duty. _Sa voix a un — argentin_; he has a silver-toned voice. _Il a le — fêlé_; he is crack-brained, cracked. =timbré=, =-e=, _part._ _adj._, stamped. _Papier —_; stamped paper, summons, writ. _Esprit_, _cerveau —_; crack-brained person. _Il est —_; he is cracked. =timbre-poste=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) postage-stamp. =timbrer=, _v.a._, to stamp (paper, parchment); (her.) to crest. =timbreur=, _n.m._, stamper. =timide=, _adj._, timid, bashful, timorous, shy. =timidement= (-mid-mān), _adv._, timidly, bashfully; timorously; shyly. =timidité=, _n.f._, timidity, timorousness, nervousness, shyness, bashfulness. =timon=, _n.m._, pole (of a coach); beam (of a plow); (nav.) helm, tiller (of a rudder); (fig.) helm, direction, government; (tech.) draught-bar. _Tenir le —_; to be at the helm. =timonerie= (-mo-n-rî), _n.f._, (nav.) steerage. =timonier=, _n.m._, wheeler, wheel-horse; (nav.) steersman, helmsman. =timoré=, =-e=, _adj._, timorous, fearful, scrupulous. =tin=, _n.m._, (nav.) block of wood; (tech.) cask-stand. =tincal=, _n.m._, (chem.) tincal. =tinctorial=, =-e=, _adj._, tinctorial. =tine=, _n.f._, tub, water-cask, firkin. =tinet=, _n.m._, gambrel (of horses); bent stick (for suspending carcases). =tinette=, _n.f._, half tub, kit, firkin (of butter). =tintamarre=, _n.m._, hubbub, uproar, clatter, hurly-burly, din, racket. =tintement= (tīnt-mān), _n.m._, ringing sound, tinkling; tingling; toll, tolling, jingling, jingle. _— funèbre_; funeral toll, knell. _— d’oreilles_; tingling, _or_ ringing, in the ears. =tintenague= (tīnt-nag), _n.f._ _V._ =toutenague=. =tinter=, _v.a._, to toll, to ring, to ring for; (nav.) to put upon the stocks, to set on blocks, to prop, to support. =tinter=, _v.n._, to toll, to ring; to tinkle, to jingle; to tingle. _Les oreilles me tintent_; my ears tingle. =tintin=, _n.m._, jingling, tinkling (of bells, glasses). =tintouin=, _n.m._, tingling (in one’s ear); noise, hubbub; anxiety, uneasiness, trouble. _Avoir du —_; to be upon thorns, to be in trouble. =tique=, _n.f._, (ent.) tick. _— ricin_; wood-tick, dog-tick. =tiquer=, _v.n._, (of horses) to be vicious. =tiqueté=, =-e= (tik-té), _adj._, variegated, speckled, spotted. =tiqueture=, _n.f._, spottedness, spots, speckles; variegation. =tiqueu-r=, =-se=, _adj._, crib-biting (of horses). _n.m._, crib-biter. =tir=, _n.m._, shooting, firing, fire; shooting-gallery, shooting-ground. _— en écharpe_; flank-fire, rifle-range, range. _— à la cible_; target-firing. _Chasse au —_; (hunt.) shooting. _Justesse du —_; trueness of the aim. _Avoir un — infaillible_; to have au unerring aim, to be a deadly shot. =tirade=, _n.f._, tirade; (mus., thea.) tirade; passage (of prose _or_ verse). _Tout d’une —_; all in one speech _or_ breath, _or_ at one stretch. =tirage=, _n.m._, draught; towing (of boats); towing-path; drawing (of a lottery); (print.) working, working off, pulling, printing; winding-off (of silk); (fig.) difficulty, obstacle. _— au sort_; drawing lots, balloting. _Le — d’une cheminée_; the draught of a chimney. *=tiraillement=, _n.m._, plucking, pulling, hauling about; twitching, twinge, pain; (fig.) anxiety; jarring, jar, disagreement. _— d’estomac_; pain in the stomach, griping. *=tirailler=, _v.a._, to pull, to haul about, to tug, to twitch; to tease, to plague, to bother, to pester. *_se_ =tirailler=, _v.r._, to pull one another about. *=tirailler=, _v.n._, to shoot wildly; to bang away; (milit.) to skirmish. *=tiraillerie=, _n.f._, (milit.) desultory, wild, aimless firing. *=tirailleur=, _n.m._, (milit.) sharpshooter; skirmisher. =tirant=, _n.m._, string (of purses); boot-strap; cramp, cramp-iron; (carp.) collar; iron bar, bolt, holdfast; (cook.) white leather; string of parchment; brace (of a drum); ship’s gauge, ship’s draught. _— d’eau_; (nav.) gauge, sea-gauge, ship’s draught. =tirasse=, _n.f._, (hunt.) draw-net. =tirasser=, _v.a._ and _n._, (hunt.) to catch with a draw-net; to set a draw-net. =tire=, _n.f._, tug, pull; quick jerk of the wing. _Tout d’une —_; at a stretch. _Voleur à la —_; pickpocket. _Vol à la —_; pocket-picking. =tiré=, =-e=, _adj._, drawn. =tiré=, _n.m._, (hunt.) shooting; (com.) drawee (of bills). =tire-balle=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (surg.) bullet-forceps; (milit.) ramrod-screw. =tire-botte=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) boot-hook; boot-jack. =tire-bouchon=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) cork-screw; ringlet (of hair). =tire-bouchonné=, =-e=, _adj._, (of hair) in ringlets. =tire-bourre=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) worm-screw (to unload a gun). =tire-bouton=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) button-hook. =tire-clou=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) nail-drawer; (tech.) claw-hammer; slater’s hammer. _à_ =tire-d’aile=, _adv._, with a quick jerk of the wings; at a single flight; with outstretched wings, darting through the air. _Voler à —_; to fly as fast as its wings can carry it; at full speed. =tire-étoupe=, _n.m._, (_—_) (tech.) worm. =tire-feu=, _n.m._, (artil.) lanyard. =tire-fond=, _n.m._, (_—_) turrel elevator. _à_ =tire-larigot=, _adv._, only used in _Boire à —_; to drink hard, to drink like a fish. *=tire-ligne=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) drawing-pen. =tirelire=, _n.f._, money-box. ☉=tirelire=, _n.m._, song, carol (of the lark). ☉=tirelirer=, _v.n._, to sing like a lark. =tire-moelle=, _n.m._, (_—_) marrow-spoon. =tire-pied=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) shoemaker’s stirrup. =tire-plomb=, _n.m._, (_—_) glazier’s vice. =tire-point= _or_ =tire-pointe=, _n.m._, (_—_) pricker (used in stitching). =tirer=, _v.a._, to draw, to pull, to give a pull; to take, to take out, to pull out; to get, to extract, to collect; to fire, to shoot, to fire at, to shoot at; to trace, to delineate; to receive, to reap, to recover; to extricate, to free from; to relieve; to conclude, to infer, to deduce; to draw on, to put on, to draw up; to draw down; (print.) to work, to work off, to pull, to print, to pull off; to approach, to border, to verge (on); (nav.) to draw; to tighten (a rope); to tap (liquors); to stretch (linen); to cast (a nativity); to draw (a bill); to take out (a tooth); to let (blood). _— en arrière_; to pull back. _— de l’eau_; to draw water. _— dedans_; to pull in. _— en haut_; to pull up. _— en bas_; to pull down. _— les oreilles à quelqu’un_; to pull any one’s ears. _— la langue_; to put out one’s tongue. _Faire — l’épée à quelqu’un_; to make any one draw his sword. _Se faire — l’oreille_; to require (much) pressing. _— ses bottes_; to pull off one’s boots. _— de l’argent de sa poche_; to pull money out of one’s pocket. _— pied ou aile d’une chose_; to reap some benefit (from a thing) by hook or by crook. _Il tire beaucoup de la cour_; he gets a great deal by the court. _— parti de_; to make the best of, to turn to account. _— satisfaction d’une injure_; to obtain satisfaction for an injury. _— vengeance_; to be revenged. _— vanité_, or _gloire_, _d’une chose_; to glory in, to be proud of, to boast of, to take a pride in. _— avantage d’une chose_; to derive advantage from anything. _— la racine carrée_, _la racine cubique d’un nombre_; to extract the square, the cubic root of a number. _— le suc des herbes_; to extract the juice of herbs. _— une conséquence_; to draw an inference. _— une corde_; to tighten a cord. _— quelqu’un à quatre chevaux_; to draw and quarter any one, to tear any one to pieces. _— ses chausses_, _— ses guêtres_; (fam., pop.) to cut one’s sticks, to scamper off. _— une vache_; to milk a cow. _— les rideaux_; to open the curtains; to close, to pull the curtains to. _— l’or_; to wire-draw gold. _— les cartes_; to tell fortunes. _— d’erreur_; to undeceive. _— une affaire en longueur_; to protract, to delay, to put off anything. _— une allée au cordeau_; to make a walk in a straight line. _— en cire_; to reproduce in wax. _— des estampes_; to pull prints. _— un fusil_; to shoot a gun. _— un coup de canon_; to fire a gun. _— des fusées_; to let off rockets. _— un oiseau_; to shoot at a bird. _— une estocade_; (fenc.) to make a pass. _— le diable par la queue_; to lead a struggling existence. _— les vers du nez à quelqu’un_; to pump any one. _Tirez le rideau, la farce est jouée_; ring down the curtain, the play is over (Rabelais). _se_ =tirer=, _v.r._, to extricate one’s self; to get out to, to get through; to recover (from illness). _Se — d’affaire sain et sauf_; to escape safe and sound, to get off scot free. _Se — d’un puits_; to get out of any difficulty. _Je me ferais — à quatre avant de parler_; wild horses would not make me speak. _Se — d’affaire_; to get out of (a scrape, a difficulty). _S’en —_; to pull through, to manage it. =tirer=, _v.n._, to draw; to go, to make for; to shoot; to tend, to border, to verge; to fire. _— sur_; to incline to, to border, to verge on. _Cette pierre tire sur le vert_; that stone is greenish. _— à sa fin_; to be closing in (of day); (fig.) to be on one’s last legs. _Bon à —_; order for press; ready for press, passed for press. =tire-racine=, _n.m._, (_—_) stump-forceps (of a dentist). =tiret=, _n.m._, slip of parchment; hyphen. =tiretaine= (tir-tè-n), _n.f._, linsey-woolsey. _V._ =breluche=. =tire-tête=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) craniotomy forceps. =tireu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, one who draws, drawer; marksman, shot (pers.); rifleman, sharpshooter; drawer (of a bill of exchange). _— d’or_; gold wire-drawer. ☉_— d’armes_; fencing-master. _— se de cartes_; fortune-teller. _C’est un bon —_; he is a good shot. *=tire-veille=, _n.f._, (_—_) (nav.) ladder-rope; manrope. _— de l’échelle hors le bord_; manropes of the sides. _— de cabestan_; swifter. =tiroir=, _n.m._, drawer (of a table, etc.); (milit.) middle rank; (tech.) slide, slide-box. _Pièce à —_; (thea.) comedy of episodes. =tironien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, (antiq.) Tironian. _Abréviation —ne_; Tironian note. =tisane=, _n.f._, (med.) diet-drink, infusion, decoction (of herbs). _— de champagne_; light champagne (for invalids). =tisard=, _n.m._, door (of an oven). =tiser=, _v.a._, to stoke. =tison=, _n.m._, brand, fire-brand. =tisonné=, _adj.m._, only used in _Gris —_; (of horses) marked with black spots. =tisonner=, _v.n._, to stir, _or_ to poke, the fire. =tisonneu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, person fond of poking the fire. =tisonnier=, _n.m._, poker; blacksmith’s poker. =tissage=, _n.m._, weaving, plaiting; texture. =tisser=, _v.a._, to weave, to plait; to contrive. =tisserand= (tis-rān), _n.m._, weaver. =tisseranderie= (tis-ran-drî), _n.f._, weaver’s business. =tissu=, =-e=, _past part._ (of ☉_tistre_), woven, spun, made up. _Des jours —s d’or et de soie_; happy, halcyon days. =tissu=, _n.m._, texture, textile fabric, contexture; tissue. _— de mensonges_; tissue of lies. _— d’argent_; silver tissue. _— d’or_; golden tissue. _— métallique_; gauze wire, gauze wire-work. _— réticulaire_; (anat.) reticular body. =tissure=, _n.f._, tissue, texture, web, weaving, contexture. =tissuterie=, _n.f._, ribbon-weaving. =tissutier= (-tié), _n.m._, weaver (of silk textures). ☉=tistre=, _v.a._, to weave. =titan=, _n.m._, (myth.) Titan. =titane=, _n.m._, _or_ =titanium= (-om), _n.m._, (chem.) titanium. =titanique=, =titanesque=, _adj._, titanic. =tithymale=, _n.m._, (bot.) tithymal. =titi=, _n.m._, gay apprentice, roystering blade; mummer (at carnivals). =titillant=, =-e= (til-lān, -t), _adj._, titillating; tickling. =titillation= (-til-la-), _n.f._, titillation, tickling; slight agitation. =titiller= (-til-lé), _v.n._ and _a._, to titillate, to tickle. =titre=, _n.m._, title, style, title-page; capacity, claim, reason, cause; respect, way, right; standard (of coin); (jur.) title, title-deed, deed, indenture. _Faux —_; false title; falsehood, sham; (print.) half-title. _Donner un — à_; to entitle to. _À — de_; by right of, in virtue of. _À bon —_, _à juste —_; deservedly, justly. _À — gratuit_; gratuitously. _En —_; at the head of, on the title _or_ title page; chief, titular, acknowledged. _À plus d’un —_; for more reasons than one, on more grounds than one. _Se donner le — de_; to style one’s self. =titré=, =-e=, _adj._, titled; conferring a title (of estates). =titrer=, _v.a._, to give a title to. =titrier=, _n.m._, forger of titles _or_ deeds (l.u.); curator of deeds (in monasteries). =titubant=, =-e=, _adj._, staggering. =titubation=, _n.f._, titubation, reeling, staggering. =tituber=, _v.n._, to stagger, to reel. =titulaire=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, titular, titulary, incumbent, head, chief. =toast= _or_ =toste= (tost), _n.m._, toast, health. _Porter_, _donner_, _un —_; to toast, to give _or_ propose a toast. =toaster= (tos-té), _v.a._ _V._ =toster=. =toc!= _int._ and _n.m._, rap, knock (at a door); sham, _or_ imitation, jewelry; paste; brummagem goods. =tocane=, _n.f._, unpressed wine. =tocante=, _n.f._, (pop.) ticker, watch. =tocsin=, _n.m._, tocsin, alarm-bell; (fig.) hue and cry. =todier=, _n.m._, (orni.) tody. =toge=, _n.f._, (Rom. antiq.) toga, robe, gown. =tohu-bohu=, _n.m._, (_—_) (from Hebrew) chaos; jumble, medley; (fig.) confusion, uproar, disorder, hurly-burly, hubbub. =toi=, _pron._, thee, thyself, thou, you, yourself. =toile=, _n.f._, cloth, linen cloth; (thea.) curtain; canvas (for painting); canvas, sail; (paint.) painting, picture, piece; web (of a spider). _pl._ (hunt.) toils. _— à sac_; sack-cloth. _— écrue_; brown holland. _— ouvrée_; huckaback. _— d’emballage_; pack-cloth. _— grasse_; tarpaulin. _— vernie_; oil-skin. _— peinte_; printed calico, print. _— pour chemises_; shirting. _— pour draps de lit_; sheeting. _—s de sabords_; port-sails. _— de dunette_; canvas-covering for the poop. _— d’or_; gold cloth. _— cirée_; oil-cloth. _— d’araignée_; cob-web. _Blanchisseur de —s_; bleacher. _Marchand de —s_; linendraper. _— de Pénélope_; Penelope’s web. _La — est levée_; (thea.) the curtain is up. _La — tombe_; (thea.) the curtain falls. _Derrière la —_; (thea.) behind the curtain. =toilerie= (toal-rî), _n.f._, linen-cloth trade, linen drapery. =toilette=, _n.f._, toilet; attire, dress; dressing-table, toilet-table, wash-stand; trimming (of horses). _Revendeuse à la —_; wardrobe purchaser (of left-off wearing apparel). _Grande —_; full dress. _Cabinet de —_; dressing-closet, dressing-room. _Il_, or _elle_, _fait sa —_; or _il_, or _elle_, _est à sa —_; he, _or_ she, is dressing. =toili-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, dealer in linen; linen-cloth maker, cotton-cloth maker. =toise=, _n.f._, toise (6·39459 feet); fathom. _On ne mesure pas les hommes à la —_; men ought not to be judged by their size. _Mesurer les autres à sa —_; to measure others by one’s own standard. =toisé=, _n.m._, measuring; (math.) mensuration. =toiser=, _v.a._, to measure; to survey, to examine; to eye from head to foot, to look down upon; to settle, to conclude. _— un soldat_; to take the height of a soldier. _— quelqu’un_; to look any one up and down, _or_ to look down on any one. _Cela est toisé_; (pop.) that is done for. =toiseur=, _n.m._, measurer, surveyor. =toison=, _n.f._, fleece; (pop.) thick head of hair. _— d’or_; golden fleece. _L’ordre de la — d’or_; the Order of the Golden Fleece. =toit=, _n.m._, roof, house-top; top (of a mine); dwelling, home. _— à cochons_; pig-sty. _— à deux croupes_; (arch.) compass roof, span roof. _Dire_, or _crier_, _quelque chose sur les —s_; to proclaim anything from the housetop. _Habiter sous les —s_; to live in a garret, _or_ an attic. _Commencer une maison par le —_; (fig.) to begin at the wrong end. =toiture=, _n.f._, roofing, roof. =tokai= _or_ =tokay=, _n.m._, Tokay wine. =tôle=, _n.f._, sheet-iron; (metal.) plate-iron. _— ondulée_; corrugated iron. =tolérable=, _adj._, tolerable, bearable, supportable; middling, passable. =tolérablement=, _adv._, tolerably, supportably; passably, middlingly. =tolérance=, _n.f._, tolerance, toleration, endurance, forbearance, indulgence; (jur.) sufferance; (coin.) deduction, allowance. _Maison de —_; house of ill-fame. =tolérant=, =-e=, _adj._, tolerant. =tolérantisme=, _n.m._, (theol.) system of toleration. =tolérer=, _v.a._, to tolerate, to suffer, to allow, to endure, to bear, to allow of; to wink at. _Je ne puis — cet homme_; I cannot bear, endure, that man. _Se —_; to tolerate one’s self, to be tolerated. =tôlerie= (tôl-rî), _n.f._, sheet-iron manufactory; (metal.) flatting-mills; sheet-iron goods. =tolet=, _n.m._, (nav.) thole. =toletière= (tol-tièr), _n.f._, (nav.) rowlock. =tôlier=, _n.m._, work in sheet-iron; manufacturer of sheet-iron. =tollé=, _n.m._, hue and cry. _Crier — sur quelqu’un_; to raise a hue and cry against any one. =tomahawk=, _n.m._, tomahawk. =tomaison=, _n.f._, numbering (into volumes); number (of a volume). =tomate=, _n.f._, (bot.) tomato, love-apple. =tombac=, _n.m._, (metal.) tombac. =tombal=, =-e=, _adj._, (archæology) only used in _Pierre —e_; tomb-stone. =tombant=, =-e=, _adj._, falling down, drooping, flowing. =tombe=, _n.f._, tomb, grave, tombstone, headstone, gravestone. _Descendre dans la —_; to die, to sink into the grave. _Être sur le bord de la —_; to be on the brink of the grave. =tombeau=, _n.m._, tomb, grave; tombstone; sepulcher, death. _Mettre au —_; to bring down to the grave _or_ to bury. =tombée=, _n.f._, fall (of day). _À la — de la nuit_; at nightfall. _À la — du jour_; at close of day. =tombelier=, _n.m._, carter. =tomber=, _v.n._, to fall, to fall down; to tumble, to tumble down; to drop, to drop down; to sink, to sink down; to break in, to come, to light, to hit on, to come across; to come down, to sink, to decay, to fall away, to dwindle, to droop, to come out; to abate, to die away; (nav.) to sag; to hang, to incline. _— bien_ or _mal_; to be lucky _or_ unlucky; to come seasonably _or_ unseasonably; to come to the wrong _or_ right person. _Il est tombé de cheval_; he fell off his horse. _— à terre_, _— par terre_; to fall down. _Le brouillard tombe_; the fog is falling. _— malade_; to fall ill. _— de faiblesse_; to drop down from weakness. _— d’inanition_; to be ready to faint for want of food. _— du haut mal_; to have the falling sickness. _— raide mort_; to fall down dead. _Se laisser —_; to get a fall. _— en enfance_; to become childish. _— dans les bras de quelqu’un_; to fall into any one’s arms. _— sur une maison_; to come across a house. _— d’accord_; to agree, to be at one with. _— de son haut_, _— des nues_; to be amazed, to be astounded. _Les bras m’en tombèrent_; I was struck dumb with surprise. _Le sort est tombé sur lui_; the lot has fallen upon him. _Cela m’est tombé entre les mains_; that fell into my hands. _Le jour tombe_; the day is closing in. _Faire —_; to throw, push, _or_ knock, down; to trip up. _Laisser —_; to drop, to let fall. _— dans l’eau_; (fig.) to fall through, to come to nothing, to fall to the ground. _— sous le vent_; (nav.) to fall to leeward. _— de fièvre en chaud mal_, _— de la poêle dans la braise_; to jump out of the frying pan into the fire. =tombereau= (ton-brô), _n.m._, (for the condemned) tumbril-cart; dust-cart; ballast-truck; sledge. =tombola=, _n.f._, tombola, lottery, raffle. =tome=, _n.m._, volume, tome. =tomenteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (bot., zoöl., anat.) tomentous, tomentose, downy. =ton=, _m._, =ta=, _f._, =tes=, _pl.m.f._, _possessive adj._, thy, your. _— frère, ta sœur et tes cousins_; thy brother, sister, and cousins. _— âme_; thy soul. [_Ton_ is used for the _f._ before a vowel or silent _h._] =ton=, _n.m._, tone; tune; voice, accent; manner, strain, style, taste; manners, breeding; color, tint, tinge. _— aigre_; shrill tone. _— doux_; soft, sweet tone. _Mauvais —_; ill-breeding, ill-manners, vulgarity. _De mauvais —_; ill-bred, unmannerly, ungentlemanly, low, vulgar, improper. _Donner le —_; to give the tone, to lead the fashion; (mus.) to pitch, to tone. _Parler d’un — fier_; to speak haughtily. _Parler d’un — de maître_; to speak in a magisterial manner, to be very masterful. _Le prendre sur un —_; to assume airs. _Le prendre sur un haut —_; to speak with arrogance; to carry it high. _Changer de —_; to sing to another tune, to change one’s tone. _Il donne le — à la conversation_; he takes the lead in conversation. _Donner le — à l’orchestre_; to lead the orchestra. _C’est le — qui fait la musique_; it is the manner which shows the intention. =tonalité=, _n.f._, (mus.) tonality. =tondaison=, _n.f._ _V._ =tonte=. =tondeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, shearer, clipper. _— de draps_; shearman, clothworker. =tondeuse=, _n.f._, shearing-machine. _— de gazon_; lawn-mower. =tondre=, _v.a._ and _n._, to shear, to clip, to crop; to shave, to trim, to pare. _— des brebis_; to shear sheep. _— du drap_; to shear cloth. _— une haie_; to clip a hedge. _— sur un œuf_; to skin a flint. =tondu=, =-e=, _part._, shorn. _Il n’y avait que trois —s et un pelé_; there was nothing but the ragtag and bobtail. =tonicité=, _n.f._, (med.) tonicity. =tonique=, _adj._, (med., mus., gram.) tonic. =tonique=, _n.m._, (med.) tonic. =tonique=, _n.f._, (mus.) tonic, key-note, key. ☉=tonisme=, _n.m._ _V._ =tonicité=. =tonlieu=, _n.m._, market-toll (feudalism). =tonnage=, _n.m._, tonnage. _Droit de —_; tonnage dues. =tonnant=, =-e=, _adj._, thundering. _Jupiter —_; (myth.) Jupiter the thunderer, Jupiter tonans, thundering Jove. =tonne=, _n.f._, tun (wooden vessel); (conch.) spotted tun; (nav.) can-buoy; ton (20 cwts.=1000 kil.). =tonneau=, _n.m._, tun (wooden ship); cask; tun (measure); (nav.) ton (1000 kil.; 1 mètre cube). _Enfoncer un —_; to stave in a cask. _Mettre un — en perce_; to broach a cask. _— percé_; leaky cask; (fig.) spendthrift. =tonneler= (to-n-lé), _v.a._, (hunt.) to tunnel. =tonnelet= (to-n-lé), _n.m._, small cask, keg. =tonneleur= (to-n-leur), _n.m._, (hunt.) tunneler (one who takes partridges with a tunnel-net). =tonnelier=, _n.m._, cooper. =tonnelle=, _n.f._, (hunt.) tunnel-net; arbor, green arbor, bower, alcove; (arch.) semicircular vault. =tonnellerie= (to-nèl-rî), _n.f._, cooperage; cooper’s trade; (nav.) cooper’s shed. =tonner=, _v.n._, to thunder; to inveigh (against); to exclaim. _Il tonne_; it thunders. =tonnerre=, _n.m._, thunder, thunderbolt; thundering noise. _Coup de —_, _éclat de —_; clap of thunder, peal of thunder. _—!_ _int._, by jingo! bedad! by Jove! =tonsille=, _n.f._, (l.u.) (anat.) tonsil. _V._ =amygdale=. =tonsure=, _n.f._, tonsure; orders, clergy. =tonsuré=, _adj._, _n.m._, tonsured, shaven; priest. =tonsurer=, _v.a._, to tonsure. =tonte=, _n.f._, shearing, sheepshearing, fleecing, clipping; clippings, clip; shearing-time. =tontine=, _n.f._, tontine. =tontini-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, sharer in, _or_ annuitant of, a tontine. =tontisse=, _adj._, of shearings of woolen cloth. =tontisse=, _n.f._, hangings coated with the shearings of cloth. _Papier-—_; flock-paper. =tonton=, _n.m._, (child) nuncle. =tonture=, _n.f._, shearing (of leaves, grass); shearings, clippings, flock (of cloth); (nav.) sheer. _— de drap_; flock. _— des ponts_; sheer (of a ship’s decks). =topaze=, _n.f._, topaz. =toper=, _v.n._, to cover one’s adversary’s stake; to agree. _Je tope à cela_; I agree to that. _Tope là!_ done! agreed! your hand upon it! _Je tope et tingue_; (at dice) I cover and I hold. =tophacé=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) gouty. =tophus= (-fus), _n.m._, (med.) tophus. =topinambour=, _n.m._, Jerusalem-artichoke. =topique=, _adj._, (med.) topic, topical. =topique=, _n.m._, (rhet., med.) topic. =topographe=, _n.m._, topographer. =topographie=, _n.f._, topography. =topographique=, _adj._, topographical. =toquade=, _n.f._, (fam., pop.) infatuation, mad fancy, fad. =toque=, _n.f._, flat cap, bonnet; toque (plaited all round). =toqué=, =-e=, _adj._, cracked, crazy, touched; infatuated, in love (with). =toquer=, _v.a._, (l.u.) to offend; to hit, to strike, to knock; (pop.) to craze, to turn the brain of; to infatuate. =toquet=, _n.m._, toquet, cap. =torche=, _n.f._, torch, link; twist, pad; (paint.) rubber. =torche-cul=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (fig.) worthless writing, trash. =torche-nez=, _n.m._, (_—_) (man.) twitch. =torche-pinceau=, _n.m._, rubber. =torche-pot=, _n.m._, (_—_) (orni.) nut-hatch. =torcher=, _v.a._, to wipe; to knock off, to botch; to beat, to drub. _se_ =torcher=, _v.r._, to be wiped; to wipe one’s self; (triv.) to fight. =torchère=, _n.f._, torch, cresset, tall candelabrum. =torchis=, _n.m._, mud, loam. _Mur de —_; mud-wall. =torchon=, _n.m._, dish-cloth, dish-clout; house-cloth, duster. =torcol=, =torcou=, _n.m._, (orni.) wry-neck. =tordage=, _n.m._, twisting, twist. =tord-boyaux=, _n.m._, rotgut, fiery brandy; rat’s bane. =tordeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, twister; throwster (of silk). _f._, wringing-machine. =tord-nez=, _n.f._, (_—_) (man.) twitch (for horses). =tordre=, _v.a._, to twist, to wring, to wring out; to contort, to disfigure; to throw (silk); to buckle (a wheel). _— la bouche_; to twist one’s mouth. _Il ne fait que — et avaler_; he gives but one twist, and down it goes. _se_ =tordre=, _v.r._, to twist; to writhe. _Se — de rire_; to be convulsed, to split one’s sides with laughter. =tore=, _n.m._, (arch., bot.) torus, tore. =toréador=, _n.m._, (_—s_) matador, toreador, bull-fighter. =torisme=, _n.m._ _V._ =torysme=. *=tormentille=, _n.f._, (bot.) tormentil, septfoil. =torminal=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) griping, torminal. =toron=, _n.m._, (nav.) strand (of a rope); (arch.) torus. =torpeur=, _n.f._, torpor, torpidity, torpidness. *=torpille=, _n.f._, (ich.) torpedo, cramp-fish; (explosive) torpedo. =torpilleur=, _n.m._, torpedo-boat. =torquer=, _v.a._, to twist (tobacco). ☉=torquet=, _n.m._, (pop.) snare. _Donner un —_, _donner le — à quelqu’un_; to humbug any one, to take any one in. _Donner dans le —_; to fall into the snare, to be taken in. =torquette=, _n.f._, wicker-basket (for fish); game-basket. =torréfaction= (tor-ré-), _n.f._, torrefaction. =torréfier= (tor-ré-), _v.a._, to torrefy. =torrent= (tor-rān), _n.m._, torrent, stream; flood (of tears); flow (of words). =torrentueu-x=, =-se= (tor-rān-), _adj._, torrent-like; impetuous. =torride= (tor-rid), _adj._, torrid. =tors=, =-e=, _adj._, twisted, wry, crooked; wreathed, contorted. _Jambes —es_; crooked legs. _Bouche —e_; wry mouth. =torsade=, _n.f._, twisted fringe _or_ cord; bullion (of epaulets). =torse=, _n.m._, trunk, chest (of a person); (sculpt., paint.) torso, trunk, bust. =torser=, _v.a._, to twist, to wreathe (the shaft of a column). =torsil=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) twisted, contorted. =torsion=, _n.f._, torsion; twisting. =tort=, _n.m._, wrong, harm, injury, hurt; mischief, offense; prejudice, detriment. _Faire — à quelqu’un_; to wrong any one. _Réparer le — qu’on a fait_; to repair the wrong one has done. _Se faire —_; to injure one’s self. _Avoir —_; to be wrong, to be in the wrong. _Donner — à quelqu’un_; to decide against any one. _Mettre quelqu’un dans son —_; to leave (a person) no loophole, no excuse. _À —_; wrong, wrongly, wrongfully, injuriously. _Il parle à — et à travers_; he speaks at random, thoughtlessly. _À — et à droit_; at random. _À — ou à droit_, _à — ou à raison_; rightly or wrongly. _Être dans son —_; to be in the wrong. _Se mettre dans son —_; to put one’s self in the wrong. =tortelle=, _n.f._, hedge-mustard. _V._ =vélar=. =torticolis=, _n.m._, wry-neck, stiff neck; crick (in the neck); (fig.) hypocrite, canter. =tortil=, _n.m._, (her.) a baron’s wreath. *=tortillage=, _n.m._, rigmarole, embarrassed language, shuffling. *=tortille= _or_ =tortillère=, _n.f._, serpentine _or_ winding walk. *=tortillé=, =-e=, _adj._, twisted, wreathed. *=tortillement=, _n.m._, twisting, twist; wrench; (fig.) shifting, shuffling, shift, evasion. *=tortiller=, _v.a._, to twist, to wriggle, to waddle. _Il n’y a pas à —_; (fig.) it must be done; there is no shuffling out of it. _— bien de la fourchette_; to tuck in, to lay to. _Il tortille en marchant_; he waddles along. *_se_ =tortiller=, _v.r._, to wriggle, to writhe. *=tortiller=, _v.n._, to wriggle, to shuffle. *=tortillère=, _n.f._ _V._ =tortille=. ☉*=tortillon=, _n.m._, coarse cap; pad (for the head); country servant-girl, little slavey. =tortionnaire= (tor-sio-), _n.m._ and _adj._, ☉executioner; (jur.) wrongful, unjust. =tortionnairement= (tor-sio-nèr-mān), _adv._, (jur.) wrongfully. ☉=tortionner= (tor-sio-), _v.a._, to strain a text, to twist a passage of an author. _V._ =torturer=. =tortis=, _n.m._, twist (of threads); ☉wreath, garland; (her.) circle of pearls round a baron’s coronet. =tortu=, =-e=, _adj._, crooked, tortuous, bandy. _Jambes —es_; crooked legs. =tortue=, _n.f._, tortoise, turtle; transport-ship; (Rom. antiq.) testudo. _À pas de —_; at a snail’s pace. _Potage —_; turtle-soup. _Fausse —_; mock-turtle. =tortuer=, _v.a._, to make crooked, to crook, to bend. _se_ =tortuer=, _v.r._, to grow crooked, to crook, to bend. =tortueusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, crookedly, tortuously. =tortueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, tortuous, winding, bending in and out; (fig.) artful, crafty; unfair, disingenuous. =tortuosité=, _n.f._, (l.u.) tortuosity, crookedness; winding. =torture=, _n.f._, torture, rack, pain. _Mettre à la —_; to put to the rack. =torturer=, _v.a._, to torture, to put to the rack. _— un texte_, _un passage_; to strain _or_ twist (the meaning of) a text, a part of a book, a writing. =tory=, _n.m._ and _adj._, Tory. =torysme=, _n.m._, Toryism. =toscan=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, Tuscan. =toste=, _n.m._ _V._ =toast=. =toster=, _v.a._ and _n._, to toast; to give, _or_ to propose, a toast; to drink the health of. =tôt=, _adv._, soon, shortly. _Trop —_; too soon. _— ou tard_; sooner or later. _Au plus —_, or _le plus —_, _possible_; as soon as possible, at soonest, as early as possible; at once. _Aussi — que_; as soon as, as early as. _Plus — que_; sooner than. _Le plus —_; the soonest, the earliest. _Le plus — que_; as early as. =total=, =-e=, _adj._, total, whole, entire, utter, universal, complete. =total=, _n.m._, whole, whole sum, total, sum total. _Au —_, _en —_; upon the whole, taken all in all, after all. =totalement= (-tal-mān), _adv._, totally, wholly, entirely, utterly, completely. =totaliser=, _v.a._, to form a total of, to foot up _or_ total up. =totalité=, _n.f._, totality, whole. _En —_; the whole. =toton= _or_ =touton=, _n.m._, teetotum; (child) nuncle. =touage=, _n.m._, (nav.) towage, towing; warping. *=touaille=, _n.f._, roller-towel, jack-towel. =toucan=, _n.m._, (orni., astron.) toucan. =touchable=, _adj._, touchable. =touchant=, =-e=, _adj._, touching, moving, affecting. =touchant=, _n.m._, the moving, affecting, impressive, touching part (of). =touchant=, _prep._, concerning, respecting, touching, about, with respect to. ☉=touchante=, _n.f._, (geom.). _V._ =tangente=. =touchau= _or_ =touchand=, _n.m._, touch-needle. =touche=, _n.f._, touch, assay; trial; pointer; (paint.) stroke, touch; fret (of violins, guitars); key (of a piano, organ, harpsichord); (print.) inking (the form); drove (of oxen); hit, touch (fenc.). _Pierre de —_; touch-stone. =touché=, =-e=, _part._, _adj._, touched, affected. _Pièce —e, pièce jouée_ (chess), _dame —e, dame jouée_ (draughts, backgammon); if you touch your man _or_ piece you must play it. _Bien —_; (fig.) well-written, well-said, well-done, well-hit. =touche-à-tout=, _n.m.f._, meddler; Jack of all trades. =toucher=, _v.a._, to touch, to handle, to feel, to finger; to assay, to try (precious metals); to receive (money); to beat, to whip, to strike (animals); (mus.) to play; to express, to convey; to describe; (print.) to ink; to paint, to draw, to depict; to touch on, to allude to; to move, to affect; to concern, to regard; to interest, to inspire interest in. _— le_, ou _du_, _piano_; to play the piano. _— un ulcère_; (surg.) to touch an ulcer with caustic. _— ses appointements_; to receive one’s salary. _Cela ne me touche point_; that does not concern me. _— la grosse corde_; to come to, _or_ to speak upon, the main point (of an affair). _Se laisser — par les larmes de quelqu’un_; to be affected, to be moved, by any one’s tears. _— un mot_; to let drop a hint, to send word. _Je vous toucherai un mot_; I’ll drop you a line. _— le fond de la douleur possible_; (V. Hugo) to drain to the dregs the cup of human sorrow. _— un cheval_; to drive on. _se_ =toucher=, _v.r._, to touch, to touch one another, each other, to join, to be adjoining, to meet. =toucher=, _v.n._, to touch; to reach; to take away; to play a musical instrument; to draw near, to approach; to change, to alter; to concern, to regard, to interest; to be affected, to be moved; to drive, to drive on; (man.) to whip; to be related, to be akin; to be like; (nav.) to touch; (nav.) to ground; (nav.) to strike. _Sa maison touche à la mienne_; his house is next to mine. _— à une île_; (nav.) to touch at an island. _Touchez, cocher, allons plus vite_; drive on, coachman, faster, please! _J’y touche de la main_; I reach it with my hand. _— dans la main_; to strike hands (in concluding a bargain). _— à un certain temps_; to be very near a particular time. _Il n’osa — à la religion_; he dared not meddle with religion. _Il y a touché_; he had a hand in it. _— de près à quelqu’un_; to be nearly related to any one. _N’avoir pas l’air d’y —_; to look as if butter would not melt in one’s mouth. _Ne touchez pas à la reine!_ hands off the queen! =toucher=, _n.m._, touch, feeling; touch (manner of playing an instrument). =toucheur=, _n.m._, cattle drover; (print.) inking-roller. =tou-coi=, _int._, (hunt.) lie down! down! =toue=, _n.f._, ferry-boat, barge. =touée=, _n.f._, (nav.) towage, towing, warping; towline. _Amarre de —_; towline. _Câble de —_; stream-cable. _Ancre de —_; kedge-anchor. =touer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to tow, to warp. _se_ =touer=, _v.r._, (nav.) to haul herself ahead. =toueur=, _n.m._, towing-boat, tow-boat (on rivers). =touffe=, _n.f._, tuft, bunch, cluster, clump; wisp (of straw, hay). _— de cheveux_; tuft of hair. _— d’arbres_; cluster of trees. =touffer=, _v.a._, to tuft. _se_ =touffer=, _v.r._, to bunch, to cluster. =touffeur=, _n.f._, (fam.) stifling heat. =touffu=, =-e=, _adj._, tufted, bushy, branchy, leafy; full, thick. =toug=, _n.m._ _V._ =touc=. =toujours=, _adv._, always, for ever, ever, evermore; still; nevertheless, at least. _Est-il — à Paris?_ is he still in Paris? _Se dire adieu pour —_; to bid each other adieu for ever. _— plus_; more and more. _— est-il que_; still; the fact remains that; as it is. _C’est — ça_ or _cela!_ that’s always as much, _or_ something! =toupet=, _n.m._, tuft of hair; forelock; front, foretop; (fig.) presumption, brass, effrontery; cheek, impudence. _Avoir du —_; to have any amount of brass _or_ cheek. _Se prendre au —_; to take each other by the hair. _Quel —!_ what impudence! what effrontery! what cheek! =toupie=, _n.f._, spinning-top, peg-top; humming-top; top; (fig.) (pers., pop.) trollop, drab. _— d’Allemagne_; humming-top. _Faire aller une —_; to spin a top. *=toupiller=, _v.n._, to spin, to whirl about; (fam.) to do nothing but run up and down, _or_ about, the house. *=toupillon=, _n.m._, little tuft of hair; waste branch (of an orange-tree). =tour=, _n.f._, tower; rook, castle (at chess). =tour=, _n.m._, turn, going round, winding; revolution; turn; circumference, circuit; trick; feat; order; manner; twist, strain; lathe; turning-box; tour, trip; valance (of bed); turn (act); tour, front, foretop (of hair). _Faire le — de_; to go round. _En un — de main_; in the twinkling of an eye; in a trice. _Faire un — de jardin_; to take a turn round, _or_ in, the garden. _Faire un —_; to take a stroll. _— de promenade_; turn, walk, stroll. _Cet arbre a dix pieds de —_; that tree is ten feet in circumference. _—s de gobelets_; juggler’s tricks, legerdemain. _Vous aurez votre —_; you will have your turn. _Faire_, _jouer_, _un mauvais — à quelqu’un_; to serve, _or_ play, any one a nasty trick. _— de reins_; twist, _or_ strain, in the back. _À chacun son —_; every dog has his day. _Chacun à son —_; every one in his turn. _— de cou_; necktie _or_ band. _— à —_; by turns. _— en l’air_; mandrel-lathe. _Fait au —_; made with a lathe, turned; extremely well made. _À — de rôle_; in turn, in succession. _Mon sang n’a fait qu’un —_; I turned deathly pale; I nearly fainted; I was thoroughly upset. _Faire ses quinze —s_; to do a hundred useless things. _Fermer à double —_; to double-lock. _Elle est faite au —_; she has a splendid figure. *=touraille=, _n.f._, malt kiln. =tourang-eau=, =-elle=, _n._ _adj._, of Touraine; native of Touraine. =tourbe=, _n.f._, turf, peat; mob, vulgar herd. =tourbeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, turfy, peaty. =tourbière=, _n.f._, peat-bog, peat-moss. *=tourbillon=, _n.m._, whirlwind, vortex, tornado; whirlpool; eddy; hurly-burly, bustle; tourbillon (fireworks). *=tourbillonnement=, _n.m._, whirling, eddying. *=tourbillonner=, _v.n._, to eddy, to whirl, to wind, to curl. =tourd=, _n.m._, =tourdelle=, _n.f._, (orni.) fieldfare, thrush; (ich.) sea fish (of the genus Labrax). *=tourdille=, _adj._, spotty gray; dirty gray. =tourelle=, _n.f._, turret. =touret=, _n.m._, wheel (of a lathe); reel, drill. =tourie=, _n.f._, carboy; (wicker) jar. =tourière=, _n.f._, nun attendant, _or_ in attendance (at the turning-box in a nunnery). *=tourillon=, _n.m._, trunnion; spindle, pivot (of a gate); axle, axle-tree, arbor. =touriste=, _n.m._, tourist. =tourlourou=, _n.m._, (pop.) foot-soldier. =tourmaline=, _n.f._, tourmalin, turmalin. =tourment=, _n.m._, torment, torture; anguish, pain; plague, scourge, vexation. =tourmentant=, =-e=, _adj._, tormenting, troublesome. =tourmente=, _n.f._, tempest, storm, hurricane, foul weather; (fig.) disturbance, turmoil. =tourmenter=, _v.a._ and _n._, to torment, to torture, to rack; to grieve, to distress, to vex, to trouble, to plague; to harass, to annoy, to pester; to jolt; to strain (a ship); to labor hard (of a ship). _Son procès le tourmente_; his lawsuit worries him. _Que cela ne vous tourmente point_; don’t let that worry, _or_ trouble, you. _se_ =tourmenter=, _v.r._, to toss, to tumble; to torment one’s self, to labor very hard; to be uneasy, to fret; (of wood) to warp; to be restless, agitated (of horses). =tourmenteur=, _adj.m._, torturing, tormenting. =tourmenteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (nav., l.u.) stormy (of regions). =tourmentin=, _n.m._, (nav.) storm-jib, fore-stay sail. =tournage=, _n.m._, (man.) turning. *=tournailler=, _v.n._, (fam.) to turn, to go round and round a place; to prowl, _or_ hover, round a place. =tournant=, _n.m._, turn, turning, bend; turning-space (for a carriage); whirlpool, vortex; (fig.) indirect means. _Au — de la rue_; at the corner of the street. _À un — de la route_; at a turn of, _or_ in, the road. =tournant=, =-e=, _adj._, turning. _Pont —_; revolving, swing-bridge. _Mouvement —_; (milit.) turning, outflanking movement, outflanking of an enemy’s position. =tourné=, =-e=, _part._, turned; awry; sour, spoilt, nearly ripe. _Avoir l’esprit mal —_; to be cross-grained. =tourne-à-gauche=, _n.m._, (_—_) (tech.) tap wrench. ☉=tournebride=, _n.m._, tavern, roadside inn. =tournebroche=, _n.m._, jack, kitchen-jack, roasting-jack; turnspit. =tournée=, _n.f._, circuit; progress, visit; round, turn, walk; journey. _Faire sa —_; to go one’s rounds. _Il est en —_; he is on his rounds; he is on circuit (of judges, barristers). =tourne-feuillet=, _n.m._, book-marker. =tourne-gants=, _n.m._, (_—_) glove-stick, glove-stretchers. ☉=tournelle=, _n.f._, small tower; Tournelle (criminal chamber of the Parliament of Paris); prison. ☉=tournemain=, _n.m._, trice, twinkling, instant. _En un —_; in a trice, in a twinkling. _V._ _tour de main_ under =tour=. =tournement=, _n.m._, turning, whirling. _— de tête_; swimming in the head, giddiness. *=tourne-oreille=, _n.m._, (_—_) (agri.) turning moldboard. _Charrue —_; turnwrist plow. =tourne-pierre=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (orni.) turn-stone. =tourner=, _v.a._, to turn, to turn round, to wind round, to revolve, to move round, to twirl, to twirl round; to do, to translate; to construe, to interpret; to turn off; to turn up _or_ over. _— une broche_; to turn a spit. _— le dos à quelqu’un_; to turn one’s back on any one. _— ses souliers_; to wear one’s shoes on one side. _— une personne à son gré_; to manage any one as one likes, to wind any one round one’s little finger. _— tout en bien_; to put a good construction upon everything. _— tout en mal_; to put a wrong construction upon everything. _— casaque_; (fig.) to change sides, to rat. _— la conversation_; to change the subject of conversation. _— le sang à quelqu’un_; to upset any one. Faire —; to turn, to spin, to curdle. _— une chose en raillerie_; to make a jest of anything, to turn anything into ridicule. _— du latin en français_; to turn Latin into French. _Il tourne bien un vers_; he is a good hand at turning a verse. _se_ =tourner=, _v.r._, to turn; to turn round, to turn about; to turn, to change, to become changed. _Le temps se tourne au beau_; the weather is changing to fair. =tourner=, _v.n._, to turn, to turn round, to wheel, to revolve, to tack about; to turn out; to change; to color, to ripen; to turn up (of cards); to spoil, to curdle (of liquids); (of the tongue) to trip, to slip. _— vers_; to turn towards. _Le vent a tourné_; the wind has shifted. _Il tourne comme une girouette_; he turns like a weather-cock. _La tête me tourne_; I feel quite giddy. _La tête lui a tourné_; he lost his head. _— autour du pot_; to beat about the bush. _— du côté de quelqu’un_; to go over to any one. _Il ne sait plus de quel côté —_; he does not know which way to turn. _Cela tournera mal_; that will come to no good. _La chance a tourné_; the luck has changed; (fig.) the tables are turned. _— court_; to cut short, to make an end. =tournerie=, _n.f._, turner’s shop. =tournesol=, _n.m._, (bot.) turnsol, girasole, sunflower; dyer’s croton. =tournette=, _n.f._, squirrel’s cage; cotton winder (of candle-makers); (l.u.) skein-holder. =tourneur=, _n.m._, turner. =tourneuse=, _n.f._, reeler, winder. =tourne-vent=, _n.m._, (_—_) cowl (on chimneys). =tournevire=, _n.f._, (nav.) voyol, viol (for weighing an anchor). _Garcettes de —_; nippers. _Œillets de —_; eyes of the voyol. =tournevis= (-viss), _n.m._, turn-screw, screw-driver. =tourniole=, _n.f._, whitlow. =tourniquet=, _n.m._, turnstile, turnpike; roundabout; (carp.) screw-jack; sash-pulley; (nav.) roller; (surg.) tourniquet; swivel. =tournis=, _n.m._, (vet.) sturdy, turnsick, staggers. =tournoi=, _n.m._, tournament. =tournoiement= _or_ =tournoîment= (-noa-mān), _n.m._, turning round, wheeling round; (vet.) sturdy, turnsick, staggers. _Un — de tête_; a swimming in the head, giddiness. =tournois=, _adj._, of Tours. _Livre —_; livre, Tours currency, worth about 10 pence. =tournoyer=, _v.n._, to turn round and round, to wheel round, to wind, to eddy; (fig.) to beat about the bush, to shuffle. =tournure=, _n.f._, figure, shape; tournure, bustle (part of dress); turn, direction, course; cast; appearance; turn (of mind, style). _Avoir bonne —_; to be a good figure, to have a good figure; (fig.) to look well. _Avoir mauvaise —_; to be a bad figure, to have a bad figure; (fig.) to look bad. _Les choses commencent à prendre une mauvaise —_; things are beginning to look bad. =tourte=, _n.f._, tart, fruit-pie; pie. =tourteau=, _n.m._, (agri.) oil-cake; ☉a cake; (ich.) hermit-crab. =tourtereau=, _n.m._, young turtle-dove. =tourterelle=, _n.f._, turtle-dove. =tourtière= (-ti-èr), _n.f._, tart-dish. =tous=, _adj.m.pl._, =toutes=, _adj.f.pl._ _V._ =tout=. =touselle=, _n.f._, (agri.) lammas wheat. _La_ =toussaint=, _n.f._, All Saints’ day. =tousser=, _v.n._, to cough; to hem. =tousserie=, _n.f._, (fam.) habitual coughing. =tousseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, cougher. =tout=, =-e=, _adj._, all, whole, the whole of, each, any; every; full, long; only, sole. _— le monde_; all the world, everybody. _—e la famille_; all the, _or_ the whole, family. _Tous mes livres_; all my books. _—es les fois que_; as often as, every time that. _Courir à —es jambes_; to run full speed, _or_ at the top of one’s speed. _C’est — un_; it is all the same. _— homme qui_; any man who. _Tous les jours_; every day. _Tous les deux jours_; every other day. _— le jour_; the whole day. _Tous les huit jours_; every week. _Tous les quinze jours_; every fortnight. =tout=, _n.m._, (_touts_) whole, all, the whole; every one, every thing, chief point; only thing. _Il veut — avoir_; he wants to have all. _Est-ce là —?_ is that all? _Avez-vous — dit?_ have you said everything; have you had your say? _— bien considéré_; all things considered. _À — prendre_; on the whole; all things considered. _Il est propre à —_; he is fit for anything. _Du —_; not at all. _Comme —_; exceedingly, extremely, awfully, dreadfully, furiously, like anything. _Il n’aura rien du —_; he shall have nothing at all. _En —_; in all, upon the whole. _Voilà —_; that is all. _C’est —_; that is all. _Par-dessus —_; above all. _Point du —_; not at all. _Plusieurs —s distincts_; several distinct wholes. =tout=, _adv._, wholly, entirely, quite, completely, thoroughly; all, for all; although, though, however. [_Tout_, _adv._, coming before an adjective or past participle beginning with a consonant, or _h_ aspirate, and qualifying a feminine noun or pronoun, is changed into _toute_; and into _toutes_, if the noun or pronoun is in the plural.] _Je suis — à vous_; I am quite at your service. _— à vous_; sincerely yours. _— à fait_; quite, wholly, entirely. _— malades qu’ils sont_; ill as they are. _—es malades qu’elles sont_; ill as they are. _Des femmes — éplorées_; women all in tears. _— nu_; stark naked. _Ces fleurs sont —es fraîches_; these flowers are quite fresh. _—e femme qu’elle est_; although she is a woman, _or_ woman though she is. _—es bonnes qu’elles sont_; however good they may be. _— prêt_; quite ready. _Parler — haut_; to speak aloud. _— comme vous voudrez_; just as you please. _— le long de la rivière_; all along the river. _— beau_, _— doux_; softly, gently, stop a bit, hold! not so fast. _— de go_; bluntly. _— de bon_; in earnest. _— à coup_; suddenly. _— d’un coup_; all on a sudden, all at once. _— au moins_; at least. _— au plus_; at the most. _— de suite_; directly. _— au long_; in detail, at full length. _— à l’heure_; just now. =tout à fait=, _adv._, quite, wholly, entirely. =toute-bonne=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) (bot.) clary, all good; (a sort of pear). =toute-bonté=, _n.f._, supreme goodness. =toute-épice=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) allspice. =toutefois= (toot-foa), _adv._, yet, nevertheless, however, still. =toutenague= (toot-nag), _or_ =tintenague=, _n.f._, (metal.) tutenag. =tout-ensemble=, _n.m._, (_—_) (arts) whole, tout ensemble, viewed as a whole. =toute-présence=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) omnipresence, ubiquity. =toute-puissance=, _n.f._, (n.p.) omnipotence, almighty power. =toute-saine=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) (bot.) tutsan. =toute-science=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) omniscience. =toute-table= _or_ =toutes-tables=, _n.m._, tables (backgammon). =tou-tou=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) bow-wow, doggy. =tout-ou-rien=, _n.m._, (_—_) (horl.) all or nothing. =tout-puissant=, _adj.m._, =toute-puissante=, _adj.f._, Almighty, Omnipotent, all-powerful. =tout-puissant=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) Omnipotent, Almighty. =toux=, _n.f._, cough, coughing. _— opiniâtre_; obstinate cough. _— qui sent le sapin_ or _— de renard_; church-yard cough. _Quinte de —_ or _accès de —_; fit of coughing. =toxicodendron=, _n.m._, (bot.) toxicodendron. =toxicologie=, _n.f._, toxicology. =toxique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (med.) poison; poisonous. =traban=, _n.m._, traban (soldier). =trabée=, _n.f._, (Roman antiq.) trabea (toga). ☉=trac=, _n.m._, track, trace (of animals); pace of horses, mules. _Avoir le —_; (fam.) to be funky. =traçant=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) running (of roots). =tracas=, _n.m._, bustle, confusion, turmoil, disorder; worry, annoyance, bother; splutter. _— des affaires_; turmoil of business. _— du monde_; turmoil of the world. =tracasser=, _v.n._, to bustle, to be busy, to be full of bustle, to stir; to meddle, to fidget. =tracasser=, _v.a._, to plague, to trouble, to vex, to pester, to annoy. =tracasserie= (-ka-srî), _n.f._, cavil, chicane; quarrel; bickering, broil; pester, bother, annoyance, vexation. =tracassi-er=, =-ère=, _n._ and _adj._, caviler; troublesome person, mischief-maker; pesterer; busybody; shuffling, caviling; mischief-making; pestering, bothering, annoying. =trace=, _n.f._, trace, track, step, footstep, print (of the foot); sign, mark, impression, vestige; remains; outline, sketch; (hunt.) trail; slot (of deer). =tracé=, _n.m._, laying out (of ground); outline, sketch, drawing; direction; (rail) line; draught. _Faire le — de_; to lay out. =tracelet=, _n.m._, tracer, tracing-point. =tracement= (tras-mān), _n.m._, laying out (of grounds, roads). =tracer=, _v.a._, to draw, to trace, to draw out, to trace out, to make out, to sketch; to lay out (grounds, roads); (fig.) to lay down, to set forth, to mark out. =tracer=, _v.n._, (of trees) to spread their roots; to run out. _Se —_; to be traced. =traceret=, _n.m._, tracing-point. =traceu-r=, =-se=, _n.m.f._, tracer. =trachée=, _n.f._, (ent., bot.) air-vessel, trachea. =trachée-artère=, _n.f._, (_—s-—s_) (anat.) trachea, windpipe. =trachéite=, _n.f._, (med.) trachitis. =trachéotomie=, _n.f._, (surg.) tracheotomy. =trachyte=, _n.m._, (min.) trachyte. =traçoir=, _n.m._, tracer. =traction=, _n.f._, traction; draught; thrust (of suspension-bridges). =traditeur=, _n.m._, (ecc. hist.) traditor. =tradition=, _n.f._, tradition; (jur.) delivery. _— de la chose vendue_; delivery of the thing sold. _De —_; traditional. =traditionnaire=, _n.m._, traditionary. =traditionnel=, =-le=, _adj._, traditional, traditionary, traditive. =traditionnellement= (-nèl-mān), _adv._, traditionally. =traducteur=, _n.m._, translator. =traduction=, _n.f._, translation. =traduire= (traduisant, traduit), _v.a._, to translate, to interpret, to construe, to render; to convey, to express; to show, to betray, to indicate, to denote; (jur.) to remove, to arraign, to indict. _— facilement_, _à livre ouvert_; to translate easily, at sight. _se_ =traduire=, _v.r._, to be translated; to be depicted, denoted; to be construed, to be interpreted, to be expressed. =traduisible=, _adj._, translatable. =trafic=, _n.m._, traffic, trading, trade. _Faire — de_; to deal in. _Il fait — de toute sorte de marchandises_; he traffics, _or_ trades, in all sorts of goods. =trafiquant=, _n.m._, trafficker. =trafiquer=, _v.n._, to traffic, to trade, to deal (in), to sell. =tragacanthe=, _n.f._, (bot.) tragacanth. =tragédie=, _n.f._, tragedy. =tragédien=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, (-in, -è-n), tragedian. =tragi-comédie=, _n.f._, tragi-comedy. =tragi-comique=, _adj._, tragi-comic, tragi-comical. =tragique=, _adj._, tragic, tragical. =tragique=, _n.m._, tragedy, tragic art; tragedian; tragic writer; tragicalness; tragic part _or_ side. _Prendre une chose au —_; to take a thing too seriously. _Tourner au —_; to assume a tragical appearance, to take a tragical turn, to become a tragedy. =tragiquement= (-jik-mān), _adv._, tragically. =trahir=, _v.a._, to betray; to disclose, to denote; to reveal, to discover; to be false to, to deceive; to disappoint. _— sa patrie_; to betray one’s country. _— le secret de quelqu’un_; to divulge, to betray any one’s secret. _se_ =trahir=, _v.r._, to betray one’s self; to betray one another; to be denoted, to be depicted (on). =trahison=, _n.f._, treachery, treacherousness; treason, perfidy, foul play; breach of faith, breach of trust. *=traille=, _n.f._, ferry-boat (of a large size). =train=, _n.m._, pace, rate; train, suite, attendants; way, manner; noise, dust; carriage, skeleton (of carriages); quarters (of a horse); train (of boats); (print.) carriage; raft; (railways) train; (railways) truck. _— d’artillerie_; train of artillery. _— de presse_; (print.) carriage. _— de bois_; raft of wood. — direct; through train. _— omnibus_; slow train. _— mixte_; mixed train. _— express_, —_rapide_; express train. _—-poste_; (_—s-—_) mail-train. _— d’aller_; down train. _— de marchandises_; goods train. _— de plaisir_; excursion train. _— de retour_; up train. _— de grande vitesse_; fast train. _— de petite vitesse_; goods train. _— de voyageurs_; passenger-train. _Mise en —_; (print.) making ready. _— de maison_; establishment. _Aller grand —_; to go at a great rate, to go very fast. _Le cocher nous a menés bon —_; the coachman drove us very fast. _Faire du —_; to make a noise, a fuss, to kick up a shindy. _L’affaire est en bon —_; the business is in a fair way. _Mettre quelqu’un en — de faire une chose_; to put any one in the way of doing a thing. _Mettre en —_; to set going, to start, to put in hand. _Tel était notre — de vie_; such was our way of living. _Il va toujours son —_; he goes on in his old way _or_ as usual. _Aller son —_; (of a thing) to have its course. _Être en —_; to be in good spirits, to be in the mood (for). _N’être pas en —_; not to be up to the mark. _Au — dont il y va_; at the rate he goes on. _Fort en —_; in high spirits, in high fettle. _Se mettre en — de faire une chose_; to prepare to do, to set about doing, a thing. _Tout d’un —_; all together. _Pas dans le —_; not up to date, of an older school. _Mener bon —_; to drive hard. _Mener grand —_; to drive at a great pace; (fig.) to live in great style. _À fond de —_; at full speed, at full gallop. =traînage=, _n.m._, sledging, sleighing; (racing) training. =traînant=, =-e=, _adj._, dragging, trailing, tiresome, languid. _Drapeaux —s_; trailing colors. _Style —_; heavy style. _Voix —e_; drawling voice. =traînard=, _n.m._, loiterer, straggler, laggard. =traînasse=, _n.f._, (bot.) fiorin; knot-grass; drag-net. =traînasser=, _v.a._ and _n._, (fam.) to draw out, to spin out, to drag about, to delay, to protract; to be dilatory, to linger. =traîne=, _n.f._, dragging, being dragged _or_ drawn. _Bateau à la —_; boat in tow at the stern of a ship. _Perdreaux en —_; young partridges that cannot fly; unfledged partridges. =traîneau=, _n.m._, sledge, sleigh; trammel, drag-net, draw-net. =traîne-buissons=, _n.m._, (orni.) hedge-sparrow. =traînée=, _n.f._, train (of gunpowder); trail, long line (of anything spilt); (hunt.) track; (pers.) street-walker, trollop. =traîne-malheur=, _n.m.f._, (_—_) wretch. =traîne-potence=, _n.m._, (_—_) hang-gallows-fellow, Newgate-bird, gaol-bird, gallows-bird. =traîner=, _v.a._, to draw, to drag, to drag along, to trail; to put off, to spin out, to draw out, to protract, to lengthen; to drawl. _— un homme en prison_; to drag a man off to prison. _Il traîne la jambe_; he drags his leg. _Cet oiseau traîne l’aile_; that bird hangs its wing. _— ses paroles_; to draw out one’s words. _— les choses en longueur_; to protract, _or_ to delay, things. _— dans la boue_; to draggle; to defame. _Laisser —_; to leave littered about. _se_ =traîner=, _v.r._, to crawl, to creep along; to lag, to lag behind, to drag one’s self along. =traîner=, _v.n._, to trail, to drag, to lag; to droop; to lie about; to languish, to linger, to be in abeyance or in suspense; to be spun out, to be protracted, to be drawn out, to be lengthened; to be found. _Votre robe traîne_; your gown sweeps the ground, drags along the ground. _L’affaire traîne_; the matter hangs fire. _Il y a longtemps qu’il traîne_; he has been in a lingering state for a long time. _Cela traîne dans tous les livres_; that is found in every book. =traînerie=, _n.f._, dragging, drawling; string (of words); series, long speech. =traîneur=, _n.m._, straggler, lagger; poacher (with a trammel); (nav.) ship lagging behind. _— d’épée_, _— de sabre_; trooper, sword dangler, swashbuckler. =train-train=, _n.m._, routine, habits, regular course. =traire= (trayant, trait), _v.a._, to milk, to draw. =trait=, =-e=, _part._, milked; (of precious metals) wire-drawn. =trait=, _n.m._, arrow, dart, bolt, shaft, thunderbolt; stroke, hit, trait; trace (of harness); leash (for dogs); turn (of the scale); draught, gulp; dash (of the pen); (paint.) touch; kerf (of a saw); feature, lineament; act; prime move (at chess, draughts); (c.rel.) tract; gold _or_ silver wire. _Au —_; (of a drawing) in outline. _— d’union_; hyphen, connecting link. _Décocher_, _lancer un —_; to shoot, to let fly an arrow. _Il partit comme un —_; he darted off (like an arrow from the bow). _—s de l’Amour_; Love’s shafts. _— piquant_; smart hit. _— de satire_; satirical stroke. _Chacun me lança son —_; every one had a fling at me. _—s de l’envie_; shafts of envy. _Avaler tout d’un —_; to swallow at one draught. _Boire à longs —s_; to quaff. _Avoir — à_; to have reference to. _À longs —s_; deep, in long draughts. _Copier — pour —_; to copy stroke for stroke. _— d’esprit_; witticism, flash of wit. _Cheval de —_; draught-horse. _D’un seul —_; at a stretch. _Boutons de —_; gold _or_ silver wire buttons. _Ce sont là de ses —s_; that is just like him, _or_ some of his tricks. =traitable=, _adj._, tractable, manageable; (metal.) ductile, pliant, soft, malleable. =traitant=, _n.m._, farmer (of the revenue); contractor. =traite=, _n.f._, stage, journey, stretch; trade, trading (on the African coast); milking; (com.) draft, bill; banking; exportation; ☉customs duty. _Je m’y rendis tout d’une —_; I made but one stage of it. _— des nègres_, _— des noirs_; slave-trade. _Tout d’une —_; at a stretch. _Bâtiment de —_; slaver, slave-ship. _Faire la —_; to carry on the slave-trade; to trade with the coast of Africa. =traité=, _n.m._, treatise, tract, dissertation; treaty; agreement. _— de paix_; treaty of peace. _— de commerce_; commercial treaty. =traitement= (trèt-mān), _n.m._, treatment; reception, honors; usage; entertainment (to ambassadors _or_ envoys); salary, stipend, emoluments (of a place); (med., chem.) treatment; (nav.) full pay. _Mauvais —s_; ill-usage, ill-treatment. =traiter=, _v.a._, to treat; to discuss, to handle, to discourse upon; to use, to behave to; to call, to style; to negotiate, to treat for, to be in treaty for; to treat of; to entertain, to board; to execute, to do; (med., chem.) to treat. _Il m’a traité en frère_; he treated me like a brother. _— quelqu’un avec honneur_; to show any one great honor. _— de haut en bas_; to treat with contempt. _Il l’a traité de fat_; he called him a fop. _— quelqu’un de Turc à More_; to treat any one like a Turk, to use any one shamefully. _se_ =traiter=, _v.r._, to be treated; to treat one’s self; to treat one another; to live (well _or_ badly); to be one’s own doctor. =traiter=, _v.n._, to treat, to discuss; to negotiate, to be in negotiation for; to come to terms; to entertain, to treat; to keep an ordinary; to keep a boarding-house. _— d’une matière_; to treat of a matter. _— à tant par tête_; to keep an ordinary at so much a head; to board people at so much a head. =traiteur=, _n.m._, eating-house keeper; Louisiana trader. =traître=, =-sse=, _n._ and _adj._, traitor, treacherous man; traitress, treacherous woman; treacherous, false, perfidious; traitorous. _Les chats sont —s_; cats are treacherous. _En —_; treacherously, perfidiously. _Prendre en —_; to fall upon, _or_ attack, in a treacherous manner. _Pas un — mot_; not a single word. =traîtreusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, traitorously, treacherously. =traîtrise=, _n.f._, treachery, perfidy. =trajectoire=, _n.f._, (ballistics) trajectory. =trajet=, _n.m._, passage, voyage, journey; (surg.) course, direction. _— d’une plaie_; direction of a wound. _Faire le —_; to perform the journey, to make the passage, etc. *=tramail= _or_ =trémail=, _n.m._, trammel, drag-net. =trame=, _n.f._, weft, woof, web; plot, conspiracy; course, progress, thread. _La — de sa vie_; the course of his life. _Ourdir une —_; to lay, _or_ to hatch, a plot. =tramer=, _v.a._, to weave; to plot, to brew, to contrive, to hatch. _— une étoffe de soie_; to weave a stuff with a silk woof. _— une conspiration_; to hatch a plot. _V._ =ourdir=. _se_ =tramer=, _v.r._, to be woven; to be hatched, plotted; to be in course of being hatched, plotted. ☉=tramontain=, =-e= (-tīn, -tè-n), _adj._, tramontane (lying beyond the mountains). =tramontane=, _n.f._, tramontane, North wind; North; North star (in the Mediterranean). _Perdre la —_; to be at a loss what to do, to be at one’s wits’ end. =tramway=, _n.m._, (_—s_) tramway, tramroad. =tranchant=, =-e=, _adj._, sharp, cutting; trenchant, salient, prominent; peremptory, decisive. _Epée —e_; sharp sword. _Ecuyer —_; gentleman-carver. _Couleurs —es_; strong, glaring colors. =tranchant=, _n.m._, edge (of cutting instruments); web (of colters). _Epée à deux —s_; two-edged, _or_ double-edged, sword. =tranche=, _n.f._, slice, chop, collop, steak; (of beef) aitchbone; (of a book) edge; (arith.) period, set. _Doré sur —s_; with gilt edges, gilt-edged. _— de lard_; rasher of bacon. =tranchée=, _n.f._, trench, drain. _pl._, throes, pains (of a woman in labor); cut, cutting, excavation, _pl._, gripes, griping, colic. _Avoir des —s_; to be griped. _—s rouges_; (vet.) gripes (of horses). =tranchefile= (transh-fil), _n.f._, (book-bind.) headband; bar (in a shoe); cross-chain (of a bridle). =tranche-gazon=, _n.m._, turfing-iron. =tranchelard= (transh-lâr), _n.m._, larding-knife. *=tranche-montagne=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) hector, bully, swaggerer, blusterer, braggart. =trancher=, _v.a._, to cut, to cut off; to decide, to determine, to settle. _— la tête à quelqu’un_; to cut off any one’s head. _Ceci tranche la difficulté_; this removes the obstacle. _— le mot_; to say the word, to speak out. _— la question_; to settle, _or_ clinch, the matter; to cut the Gordian knot; to solve the difficulty. =trancher=, _v.n._, to decide, to determine, to resolve, to set up for, to affect; to cut; (of colors) to glare, to show. _— court_; to cut short. _— net_; to speak one’s mind plainly. _— du grand seigneur_; to give one’s self the airs of a lord, to lord it (over). _— du philosophe_; to set up for a philosopher. _— du petit-maître_; to affect the beau, the dandy. _Ce couteau tranche comme un rasoir_; this knife cuts like a razor. _— dans le vif_; to cut to the quick; (fig.) to set to work in good earnest. =tranchet=, _n.m._, shoemaker’s knife; paring-knife; shank (of chisels). =tranchoir=, _n.m._, trencher, plate. =tranquille=, _adj._, quiet, calm, still, tranquil, peaceful; easy (in mind); _Tenez-vous —_; be quiet. _Soyez —_; never fear; don’t trouble about that; set your mind at ease (about it). _Laissez-moi —_; leave me alone; stuff! nonsense! _Séjour —_; tranquil, peaceful abode. =tranquillement= (-kil-mān), _adv._, tranquilly, quietly, peaceably, calmly, sedately. =tranquillisant=, =-e=, _adj._, tranquillizing. =tranquilliser=, _v.a._, to tranquillize, to make easy, to still, to quiet, to set at ease, at rest. _se_ =tranquilliser=, _v.r._, to grow tranquil, easy; to become tranquil, to be tranquillized, to make one’s self easy (about anything). =tranquillité=, _n.f._, tranquillity, calmness, quiet, stillness, peace. =trans=, a prefix from Lat. _trans_. =transaction= (-zak-ci-), _n.f._, transaction, compromise, arrangement. =transalpin=, =-e= (-zal-pīn, -pi-n), _adj._, beyond the Alps, transalpine. =transatlantique=, _adj._, transatlantic. =transbordement=, _n.m._, transshipment. =transborder=, _v.a._, to transship. =transcendance=, _n.f._, transcendency. =transcendant=, =-e=, _adj._, transcendent. =transcendantal=, =-e=, _adj._, (philos.) transcendental. =transcripteur=, _n.m._, transcriber. =transcription=, _n.f._, transcription, transcript, copy. =transcrire=, _v.a._, to transcribe, to copy. =transe=, _n.f._, affright, fright, fear, apprehension. _Être dans des —s_; to be in mortal terror. =transept=, _n.m._, (arch.) transept. =transférable=, _adj._, transferable; (com.) endorsable. =transfèrement=, _n.m._, removal, transference, conveying (of convicts). =transférer=, _v.a._, to transfer, to transport, to convey; to translate (bishops); to remove; to put off; to make over; to postpone. _— son droit_; to make over one’s right. _— une fête_; to postpone a fête. _Se —_; to be transferred. =transfert=, _n.m._, transfer; (jur.) conveyance. =transfiguration=, _n.f._, transfiguration. =transfigurer=, _v.a._, to transfigure. _se_ =transfigurer=, _v.r._, to be transfigured. =transfilage=, _n.m._, (nav.) marling. =transfiler=, _v.a._, (nav.) to marl. =transformation=, _n.f._, transformation, transmutation. =transformer=, _v.a._, to transform, to transmute; to change, to convert, to turn. _se_ =transformer=, _v.r._, to transform, to be transformed, to be transmuted. =transfuge=, _n.m._, (milit.) deserter; fugitive, turncoat. =transfuser=, _v.a._, to transfuse. =transfuseur=, _n.m._, transfuser. =transfusion=, _n.f._, transfusion. =transgresser=, _v.a._, to transgress, to trespass against, to violate. =transgresseur=, _n.m._, transgressor. =transgression=, _n.f._, transgression, violation. =transi=, =-e=, _part._, chilled, benumbed. _— de froid_; chilled with cold. _Un amoureux —_; a bashful lover. =transiger= (-zi-jé), _v.n._, to compound, to compromise, to come to terms; to treat (with). =transiger=, _v.a._, to transact. =transir=, _v.a._, to chill, to benumb; to overcome with fear or affliction, to paralyze. =transir=, _v.n._, to be chilled (with cold); to be overcome _or_ paralyzed with fear _or_ affliction. =transissement= (-sis-mān), _n.m._, (l.u.) chill, numbness, shivering, trembling. =transit= (tran-zit), _n.m._, (com.) transit. =transiti-f=, =-ve= (tran-zi-), _adj._, transitive. _Verbe —_; transitive verb. =transition= (tran-zi-), _n.f._, transition. =transitoire= (tran-zi-), _adj._, transitory, transient. ☉=translater=, _v.a._, to translate. ☉=translateur=, _n.m._, translator. =translati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (jur.) transferring. =translation=, _n.f._, translation (of bishops); removal; postponement (of a ceremony); (jur.) transfer. =translucide=, _adj._, translucid. =translucidité=, _n.f._, translucency, translucidity. =transmarin=, =-e= (-rīn, -ri-n), _adj._, transmarine. =transmetteur=, _n.m._, (in telegraphy) transmitting-key. =transmettre=, _v.a._, to transmit, to convey; to forward; to send on; to transfer, to make over, to hand down. _— son nom à la postérité_; to hand down one’s name to posterity. =transmigrant=, =-e=, _adj._, (zoöl.) migratory. =transmigration=, _n.f._, transmigration. =transmissibilité=, _n.f._, transmissibility. =transmissible=, _adj._, transmissible, transferable. =transmission=, _n.f._, transmission; (com.) transfer. =transmuable=, _adj._, transmutable. =transmuer=, _v.a._, to transmute. =transmutabilité=, _n.f._, transmutability. =transmutation=, _n.f._, transmutation. =transparence=, _n.f._, transparency. =transparent=, =-e=, _adj._, transparent. =transparent=, _n.m._, (paint.) transparency; black lines (for writing straight). =transpercer=, _v.a._, to transpierce, to pierce through and through, to run through. =transpirable=, _adj._, (l.u.) perspirable. =transpiration=, _n.f._, perspiration, transpiration. =transpirer=, _v.n._, to perspire; to exhale, to ooze out; (fig.) to transpire. =transplantable=, _adj._, (gard.) transplantable. =transplantation=, _n.f._, transplantation. ☉=transplantement=, _n.m._ _V._ =transplantation=. =transplanter=, _v.a._, to transplant. _Se —_; to be transplanted. =transplanteur=, _n.m._, (hort.) (pers.) transplanter. =transplantoir=, _n.m._, transplanter (instrument). =transport=, _n.m._, carriage; conveyance; transfer, assignment; (fig.) rapture, transport, ecstasy, delirium; (nav.) transport-ship, transport. _Vaisseau de —_; transport-ship. _— de joie_; transport of joy. _— au cerveau_; delirium, deliriousness. _Commerce de —_; carrying-trade. _Frais de —_; (com.) carriage. =transportable=, _adj._, that may be conveyed, transportable. =transportation=, _n.f._, transportation, banishment. =transporté=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, convict; transported, rapt. =transporter=, _v.a._, to convey, to transport; to transfer; to make over; to banish; to enrapture, to transport. _— une créance_; to transfer a debt. _La joie l’a tout transporté_; he is quite overcome with joy. _se_ =transporter=, _v.r._, to transport one’s self, to go, to repair (to). _Se — sur les lieux_; to go, to repair, to the place. ☉=transposable=, _adj._, transposable. =transposer=, _v.a._, to transpose. _Se —_; to be transposed. =transpositeur=, _adj.m._, only used in _Piano_, _instrument —_; transposing piano, instrument. =transpositi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, transpositive. =transposition=, _n.f._, transposition. =transrhénan=, =-e=, _adj._, from beyond the Rhine, transrhenish. =transsubstantiation= (-stān-ci-a-cion), _n.f._, transubstantiation. =transsubstantier= (-stān-cié), _v.a._, to transubstantiate. =transsudation=, _n.f._, transudation. =transsuder=, _v.n._, to transude. =transvasation=, _n.f._, decanting, transfusion. =transvasement=, _n.m._, decantation, transfusion. =transvaser=, _v.a._, to decant, to transfuse. =transvaseur=, _n.m._, decanter. =transversal=, =-e=, _adj._, transversal, transverse. =transversalement= (-sal-mān), _adv._, transversely. =transverse=, _adj._, transversal, transverse. =trantran=, _n.m._, (fam.) routine, habits, regular course; knack (in treating certain things). _Savoir le —_; to be an old stager. _Savoir le — du palais_; (fam.) to know the ins and outs of the law courts. _V._ =train-train=. =trapèze=, _n.m._, (geom.) trapezium; (anat.) trapezium (bone); trapezius (muscle); (gymnastics) trapeze. [In the language of anatomy this word is also used adjectively: _os —_; trapezium; _muscle —_; trapezius.] =trapéziforme=, _adj._, trapeziform. =trapézoïde=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (geom.) trapezoid; (anat.) trapezoidal. =trapp=, _n.m._, (geol., min.) trap. =trappe=, _n.f._, trap-door; trap, pitfall; (of the gallows) drop. _Tendre une —_; to lay a trap. =trappeur=, _n.m._, trapper. =trappiste=, _n.m._ and _adj._, Trappist. =trapu=, =-e=, _adj._, squat, dumpy, thick-set, stubby. =traque=, _n.f._, (hunt.) inclosing, beating (for game). =traquenard= (trak-nar), _n.m._, racking-pace (of a horse); trap (for noxious animals). =traquer=, _v.a._, (hunt.) to beat a wood for game; to inclose; to encircle; to ferret out; to surround, to hem in. _— un bois_; to inclose a wood. _— des voleurs_; to surround thieves. =traquet=, _n.m._, trap (for fetid animals); (orni.) stone chatter; mill-clapper. _Donner dans le —_; to be entrapped. =traqueur=, _n.m._, (hunt.) beater up. =trass=, _n.m._, (min.) trass. =traumaticine=, _n.f._, (med.) pigment (of gutta-percha). =traumatique=, _adj._, traumatic. *=travail=, _n.m._, (_travaux_), labor, work, toil; piece of work; employment; study; travail. _pl._, works; workmanship. _Vivre de son —_; to live by one’s labor. _À force de —_; by dint of labor. _Se mettre au —_; to set to work. _— d’enfant_; child-birth, labor, travail. _Travaux forcés_; penal servitude. _Cabinet de —_; study. *=travail=, _n.m._, (_travails_) trave, brake (for the shoeing of refractory horses); reports (of Ministers to the Head of the State, of heads of departments to Ministers). =travaillé=, =-e=, _part._ _adj._, worked, wrought, labored; elaborate, (fig.) laboring (under), a prey (to). _— à jour_; open-worked. *=travailler=, _v.n._, to labor, to work; (of wine) to ferment; to study; to make it one’s study; to endeavor; to digest with difficulty; (of a ship) to be strained; (of wood) to warp; (of a wall) to chink. _— à l’aiguille_; to do needlework. _— à la terre_; to till the ground. *=travailler=, _v.a._, to work, to work at, to labor; to do with care; to fashion; to work up; to cultivate, to improve (ground); to exercise, to overwork (a horse); to torment. _Un cheval trop travaillé_; a horse overworked. _— les esprits_; to rouse, to excite, the minds (of the populace). _— son style_; to overdo, to elaborate one’s style. *_se_ =travailler=, _v.r._, to torment one’s self; to make one’s self uneasy; to torment each other; to work up; to endeavor, to study. *=travailleu-r=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, workman; laborer, artisan; industrious, hard-working-man; industrious, laborious woman; laborious, industrious, hard-working. =travée=, _n.f._, (arch.) bay; triforium (of a church); truss (of bridges). _— de balustres_; balustrade. =travers=, _n.m._, breadth, side (of a ship); whim, caprice, fancy, oddity, eccentricity. _À —_; athwart, through, across. _Au — de_; through. _Au — du corps_; through the body. _À — les bois_; across the woods. _À — champs_; across country. _Parler à tort et à —_; to talk at random. _De —_; awry, crooked; askew, cross, wrong. _Marcher de —_; to walk crooked. _Regarder quelqu’un de —_; to look black, to look daggers, at any one. _Il prend tout de —_; he takes everything in a wrong sense; he puts a wrong construction upon everything. _Avoir l’esprit de —_; to be of a cross-grained temper; to be wrong-headed. _En —_; across, cross-wise. =traverse=, _n.f._, cross-bar, cross-piece; (carp.) cross-beam girder; cross-road; (railways) sleeper; (fort.) traverse; (fig.) misfortune. _A la —_; (obstacle) in the way. _Se jeter_, _venir_, _à la —_; to place one’s self in the way. _Chemin de —_; cross-road. _Rue de —_; cross-street, side-street. =traversée=, _n.f._, (nav.) passage, voyage, crossing. =traversement=, _n.m._, crossing. =traverser=, _v.a._, to cross, to go _or_ pass over, to travel over, to travel through; to lie across; to traverse, to get over; to go across; to run through (with a sword); to penetrate, to go, to run through; to thwart, to disturb, to vex. _— une rivière à la nage_; to swim over a river. _— l’ancre_; (nav.) to stow the anchor. _— les voiles_; (nav.) to flat in the sails. _— un projet_; to thwart a project. _Faire —_; to get, _or_ send, through; to get, _or_ bring, over. _se_ =traverser=, _v.r._, to be crossed; to cross each other; to thwart each other; (man.) to traverse. =traversi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, cross, that plies across. _Barque —ère_; ferry-boat. _Flûte —ère_; German flute. =traversin=, _n.m._, bolster; (carp., nav.) cross beam; transom; (of boats) stretcher. =traversine=, _n.f._, (arch.) sleeper, transom. =travertin=, _n.m._, (min.) travertin. =travesti=, =-e=, _adj._, disguised, travestied, parodied, burlesqued. _— en paysan_; disguised as a peasant. =travestir=, _v.a._, to disguise, to travesty; (fig.) to misinterpret, to misrepresent. _se_ =travestir=, _v.r._, to disguise one’s self. =travestissement= (-tis-mān), _n.m._, disguise, travesty. =travestisseur=, _n.m._, parodist, travestier. =trayon=, _n.m._, dug, teat (of cows, etc.). =trébuchage=, _n.m._, (coin.) weighing and sorting. =trébuchant=, =-e=, _adj._, stumbling; (coin.) of weight, of full weight. =trébuchant=, _n.m._, (coin.) full weight. =trébuchement= (-bush-man), _n.m._, (l.u.) stumbling, fall; blunder. =trébucher=, _v.n._, to stumble, to slip, to trip, to err; to weigh down. =trébuchet=, _n.m._, assay-balance _or_ scales; bird-trap. _Prendre quelqu’un au —_; to entrap any one. =tréfiler=, _v.a._, to wire-draw. =tréfilerie= (-fil-rî), _n.f._, wire-drawing mill. =tréfileur=, _n.m._, wire-drawer. =trèfle=, _n.m._, (bot.) trefoil, clover, shamrock; clubs (at cards); (arch.) trefoil. =tréfoncier=, _n.m._, land-owner; mine-owner. =tréfonds= _or_ =très-fonds= (-fon), _n.m._, subsoil; (fig.) bottom. _Savoir le fond et le — d’une affaire_; to know the ins and outs of, to know all about, an affair. *=treillage=, _n.m._, trellis-work; lattice-work (of gardens); fence. *=treillageur=, _n.m._, lattice-maker, trellis-maker. *=treille=, _n.f._, vine-arbor; shrimp-net. _Le jus de la —_; the juice of the grape. *=treillis=, _n.m._, trellis, lattice; lattice-work; glazed calico; sackcloth. *=treillissé=, =-e=, _adj._, trellised, latticed. *=treillisser=, _v.a._, to trellis, to lattice. =treizaine=, _n.f._, baker’s dozen. =treize=, _n.m._ and _adj._, thirteen, thirteenth. =treizième=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, thirteenth. =treizièmement= (trè-zièm-mān), _adv._, thirteenthly. =tréma=, _n.m._, diæresis. =trémail=, _n.m._ _V._ =tramail=. =tremblaie=, _n.f._, aspen-grove. =tremblant=, =-e=, _adj._, trembling, quaking, tremulous, shivering, quivering; twinkling, flickering (of light). =tremble=, _n.m._, (bot.) aspen. =tremblé=, _n.m._, (print.) waved rule. =tremblé=, =-e=, _adj._, waved (of lines); shaking (of writing). _Ecriture —e_; shaking, trembling handwriting. =tremblée=, _n.f._, (vet.) thwarter (disease in sheep). =tremblement=, _n.m._, trembling, quaking, trepidation, shaking, shivering, tremor; fluttering (of wings); flickering (of light); (mus.) shake, trill. _— de nerfs_; nervous shivering, trembling. _— de terre_; earthquake. _Et tout le —!_ (fam.) and the whole blessed lot; and all the rest of it. =trembler=, _v.n._, to tremble, to shake, to shiver; to quake, to fear, to flutter (of wings), to quiver (of light). _— de froid_; to shiver with cold. _La main lui tremble_; his hand shakes. _À faire —_; enough to make one shiver; thundering (of noise). =trembleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, trembler, quaker. =tremblotant=, =-e=, _adj._, trembling (of the voice); tremulous (of sound); shivering, quivering, fluttering. =trembloter=, _v.n._, to tremble (of sound); to quiver, to shiver, to flutter (of wings); to flicker (of light). =trémie=, _n.f._, hopper, mill-hopper. =trémière=, _adj.f._, only used in _Rose —_; holly-hock, rose-mallow. =tremolo= (tré-), _n.m._, (_—_) (mus.) tremolo. =trémoussement= (-moos-mān), _n.m._, fluttering, joggling; frisking; flutter. _Se donner du —_; to bestir one’s self; to frisk about. =trémousser=, _v.a._, to stir, to bestir, to shake (any one). _se_ =trémousser=, _v.r._, to flutter about, to frisk, to joggle; to bestir one’s self, to bustle about. =trémoussoir=, _n.m._, swinging-chair, revolving-chair. =trempage=, _n.m._, steeping; soaking; (print.) wetting. =trempe=, _n.m._, temper (of steel); constitution; character, stamp, quality; (print.) wetting. _Donner la — au fer_; to temper iron. _Ce sont des gens de la même —_; they are people of the same stamp. =trempé=, =-e=, _part._, soaked, wet; tempered (of iron and steel). _Il est tout —_; he is wet to the skin. _Du vin —_; diluted wine. =trempée=, _n.f._, steeping, soaking, drenching; (fig. and pop.) whacking, drubbing. =tremper=, _v.a._, to dip, to soak, to steep, to drench, to wet, to temper (iron and steel); to dilute (wine); (print.) to wet (paper); to imbrue. _— la soupe_; to pour the soup on the bread. _— de larmes_; to wet with tears. _— ses mains dans le sang_; to imbrue one’s hands in blood. =tremper=, _v.n._, to soak, to be steeped; to be implicated (in); to be a party (to); to be concerned (in); to participate (in). _— dans un crime_; to be implicated in a crime. =tremperie= (tran-prî), _n.f._, (print.) wetting-room, sink. =tremplin=, _n.m._, spring-board, leaping-board. =trentain=, _n.m._, thirty all (at tennis). =trentaine=, _n.f._, about thirty, some thirty; age of thirty. _Il a passé la —_; he is over thirty. =trente=, _n.m._ and _adj._, thirty, thirtieth. =trentenaire=, _adj._, of thirty years’ duration. =trentième= (-tièm), _n.m.f._ and _adj._, thirtieth. =tréou=, _n.m._, (nav.) lug-sail. =trépan=, _n.m._, (surg.) trepan (instrument); trepanning. =trépanation=, _n.f._, (surg.) trepanning. =trépaner=, _v.a._, (surg.) to trepan. =trépang=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) trepang. =trépas=, _n.m._, (poet.) decease, death. =trépassé=, _n.m._, dead person. _Les —s_; the dead. =trépassement= (-pâs-mān), _n.m._, death, decease. =trépasser=, _v.n._, to die, to depart this life. =trépidation=, _n.f._, trepidation, trembling, tremor; (ancient astron.) libration; slight shock of earthquake. =trépied=, _n.m._, trivet; tripod. *=trépignement=, _n.m._, stamping. *=trépigner=, _v.n._, to stamp, to stamp one’s foot. _— de colère_; to stamp with rage. =trépointe=, _n.f._, welt (of a shoe). =très=, _adv._, very; most; very much; quite, widely; deeply; greatly. _Le — Haut_; the Almighty. =tré-sept= (-sèt), _n.m._, (_n.p._) a card game. =très-fonds=, _n.m._ (_—_). _V._ =tréfonds=. =trésor=, _n.m._, treasure; treasury; exchequer; record-office; (c.rel.) relics and ornaments. _Amasser des —s_; to heap up riches. =trésorerie= (-zor-rî), _n.f._, treasury. =trésorier=, _n.m._, treasurer; (milit.) pay-master. =trésorière=, _n.f._, treasurer. =tressage=, _n.m._, weaving. *=tressaillement=, _n.m._, start, starting; tremor, thrill; flutter, trepidation. *=tressaillir= (tressaillant, tressailli), _v.n._, to start, to leap, to tremble, to shudder, to give a start; to thrill; to quake, to start into life. _— de peur_; to start with fear. _— de joie_; to leap for joy. =tressaillure=, _n.f._, cracking, chipping (in pottery). =tresse=, _n.f._, tress, plait, plat, braid. =tresser=, _v.a._, to weave, to interweave, to plait, to braid; to wreathe; to form into tresses. _— des cheveux_; to braid hair. =tresseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, plaiter, braider. =trest=, _n.m._, sail-cloth (for fishing boats). =tréteau=, _n.m._, trestle, trestles. _pl._, stage, boards (of a mountebank). _— de meule_; (agri.) stack-stand. _Monter sur les —x_; to make a mountebank of one’s self; to tread the boards, to go on the stage. *=treuil=, _n.m._, windlass; hand-winch; (mec.) wheel and axle. =trêve=, _n.f._, truce. _— de compliments_; a truce to compliments. _— à ces niaiseries!_ no more of these fooleries! =trévire=, _n.f._, (nav.) parbuckle. =trévirer=, _v.a._, (nav.) to parbuckle. =tri=, a prefix from Lat. _tri_, and Gr. τρι. =tri=, _n.m._, “tri” (card game); sorting; trick (whist). =triable=, _adj._, sortable. =triade=, _n.f._, triad. =triage=, _n.m._, choosing, picking, sorting; choice, selection. =triandre=, _adj._, (bot.) triandrous. =triandrie=, _n.f._, (bot.) triandria. =triangle=, _n.m._, (geom., astron., mus.) triangle; (nav.) triangular hanging stage (for calking). =triangulaire=, _adj._, triangular. =triangulairement=, _adv._, triangularly. =triangulation=, _n.f._, triangulation; trigonometrical survey. =triangulé=, =-e=, _adj._, triangled. =trianon=, _n.m._, pavilion. _Le petit —_, _le grand —_; royal summer palaces in the park at Versailles. =trias=, _n.m._, (geol.) trias. =triasique=, _adj._, (geol.) triassic. =tribade=, _n.f._, (l.ex.) shameless, unnatural woman. =tribal=, =-e=, _adj._, tribal. =tribart=, _n.m._, clog; yoke. =tribord=, _n.m._, (nav.) starboard. _— tout!_ (nav.) hard a starboard! =tribordais=, _n.m._, (nav.) starboard-watch. =triboulet=, _n.m._, (gold.) triblet; (fig.) fool, jester. =tribraque=, _n.m._, tribrach. =tribu=, _n.f._, tribe. =tribulation=, _n.f._, tribulation. =tribun=, _n.m._, tribune; demagogue. =tribunal=, _n.m._, tribunal, bench, judgment-seat; court of justice. =tribunat= _n.m._, tribuneship; tribunate. =tribune=, _n.f._, tribune (rostrum); gallery; grand-stand (at races); platform, hustings. _Monter à la —_; to mount the rostrum; to speak (in parliament). _— aux enchères_; auctioneer’s rostrum. _— d’orgues_; organ-loft. =tribunitien=, =-ne= (-ci-in, -ci-è-n), _adj._, tribunitial. =tribut=, _n.m._, tribute; grant, contribution; duty, debt. _Payer le — à la nature_; to pay the debt of nature. _Payer le — à Neptune_; to be sea-sick. =tributaire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, tributary. =triceps= (-sèps), _n.m._ and _adj._, (anat.) triceps. =tricher=, _v.a._ and _n._, (fam.) to cheat, to bilk; to trick. =tricherie= (tri-shrî), _n.f._, cheat, cheating, trick, trickery. _— revient à son maître_; curses, like chickens, come home to roost. =tricheu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, cheat, trickster. =trichine= (-ki-n), _n.f._, thread worm, trichina spiralis (of the pig). =tricoises=, _n.f.pl._, farrier’s pincers. =tricolor=, _n.m._, (bot.) tricolored amaranth. =tricolore=, _adj._, tricolored. =tricorde=, _n.m._, _adj._, trichord. =tricorne=, _n.m._, three-cornered hat; shovel-hat. _adj._, three-cornered, three-horned. =tricot=, _n.m._, cudgel; knitting; knitted vest. =tricotage=, _n.m._, knitting. =tricoter=, _v.a._ and _n._, to knit; to make lace. _Se —_; to knit for one’s self; to be knitted. =tricoteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, knitter. _f._, knitting-frame. =trictrac=, _n.m._, trick-track, backgammon; trick-track-board, backgammon-board. =tricycle=, _n.m._, a three-wheeled carriage, three-wheeler, tricycle. =tricycliste=, _n.m.f._, tricyclist. =tride=, _adj._, (riding) swift, quick, fleet. _Mouvement —_; quick and strong movement (of a horse). =trident=, _n.m._, trident; fish-gig. =tridenté=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) tridented; trident-pointed. =tridi=, _n.m._, tridi, third day of the decade in the calendar of the first French republic. =triduo=, _n.m._, (_—s_) (c.rel.) religious exercises which last three days. =trièdre=, _adj._, (geom.) trihedral. =triennal=, =-e= (-è-n-nal), _adj._, triennial. =triennalité= (-è-n-na-), _n.f._, term of three years; triennial duration. =triennat= (-è-n-na), _n.m._, space of three years; trienniate, triennial period. =trier=, _v.a._, to pick, to pick out, to cull, to sort, to choose, to select. _Des hommes triés_; picked men. _se_ =trier=, _v.r._, to be sorted. =triérarchie=, _n.f._, (antiq.) trierarchy. =triérarque=, _n.m._, (antiq.) trierarch. =trieu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, sorter, picker. =trifide=, _adj._, (bot.) trifid. =triflore=, _adj._, (bot.) three-flowered, triflorous. =triforium= (-om), _n.m._, (arch.) triforium, blind story. =trigame=, _n._ _adj._, trigamous; trigamist. =trigamie=, _n.f._, trigamy. =trigaud=, =-e=, _adj._, (fam.) shuffling, cunning, crafty. _n._ shuffler. =trigauder=, _v.n._, (fam.) to shuffle. =trigauderie= (-gô-drî), _n.f._, (fam.) shuffling trick; artful trick. =trigle=, _n.f._, (ich.) gurnard, gurnet. =triglyphe=, _n.m._, (arch.) triglyph. =trigone=, _n.m._, trigon. =trigonométrie=, _n.f._, trigonometry. =trigonométrique=, _adj._, trigonometrical. =trigonométriquement=, _adv._, trigonometrically. =tril=, _n.m._, (mus.). _V._ =trille=. =trilatéral=, =-e=, _adj._, trilateral. =trilatère=, _n.m._, (l.u.). _V._ =triangle=. *=trille=, _or_ =tril=, _n.m._, (mus.) quaver, trill, shake. *=triller=, _v.a._, (mus.) to shake, to trill, to quaver. =trillion=, _n.m._, one billion. =trilobé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) trilobate, thrice-lobed; (arch.) three-cusped. =triloculaire=, _adj._, (bot.) trilocular. =trilogie=, _n.f._, trilogy. =trimbaler=, _v.a._, to trail; (pers.) to drag, _or_ lug, about. _se_ =trimbaler=, _v.r._, to go about, _or_ to and fro; to knock about (the streets). =trimer=, _v.n._, to run up and down; to trudge. =trimestre=, _n.m._, quarter of a year; quarter’s money; three months’, quarter’s salary. _Toucher son —_; to receive one’s (quarter’s) salary. _Par —_; quarterly. =trimestriel=, =-le=, _adj._, quarterly. =trimestriellement=, _adv._, every quarter. =trimètre=, _n.m._, trimeter. =trin= _or_ =trine=, _adj.m._, trine. _— aspect_; (astron.) trine aspect. =tringa=, _n.m._, (orni.) tringa. =tringle=, _n.f._, curtain-rod; rod, rail, bar; (arch.) tringle; rod; (carp.) mark; connecting-rod. =tringler=, _v.a._, (carp.) to mark out, to chalk. =trinitaire=, _n.m._, Trinitarian. =trinité=, _n.f._, trinity. _La —_; Trinity Sunday. =trinôme=, _n.m._, and _adj._, (alg.) trinomial. =trinquart=, _n.m._, small fishing-boat, herring-boat. =trinquer=, _v.n._, to touch, _or_ clink, glasses in drinking; (fig.) to hobnob (with). =trinquet=, _n.m._, (nav.) fore-mast (in a lateen vessel). =trinquette=, _n.f._, (nav.) storm-jib, fore-stay sail. =trio=, _n.m._, (_—s_) trio; triplet. =triolet=, _n.m._, (poet.) triolet; (mus.) triplet. =triomphal=, =-e=, _adj._, triumphal. =triomphalement= (-fal-mān), _adv._, triumphantly. =triomphant=, =-e=, _adj._, triumphant. =triomphateur=, _n.m._, triumpher. =triomphe=, _n.m._, triumph. =triomphe=, _n.f._, (card game) triumph. =triompher=, _v.n._, to triumph (over); to overcome; to be triumphant; to exult, to be exultant, to glory (in); to excel. _— de ses passions_; to overcome one’s passions. =trioste=, _n.m._, (bot.) feverwort. *=tripaille=, _n.f._, garbage, offal. =tripan=, _n.m._ _V._ =trépang=. =tripartite=, _adj._, tripartite. =tripe=, _n.f._, tripe; imitation velvet, velveteen. =tripe-madame=, _n.f._, (_—_). _V._ =trique-madame=. =tripée=, _n.f._, garbage, offal. =triperie= (tri-prî), _n.f._, tripe-house, tripe-shop. =tripette=, _n.f._, small tripe. _Il ne vaut pas —_; he is not worth a straw. =triphtongue= (-tong), _n.f._, (gram.) triphthong. =triphylle=, _adj._, (bot.) triphyllous. =tripi-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, dealer in tripe. =tripier=, _adj._, (hawking) untamable. =triple=, _n.m._ and _adj._, treble; triple, threefold, treble, three times as much _or_ as many; three times the number _or_ quantity. =triplement=, _adv._, trebly, triply. =triplement=, _n.m._, trebling, tripling. =tripler=, _v.a._ and _n._, to treble, to triple. =triplicata=, _n.m._, triplicate. _Faire un acte en —_; to draw up a deed (in three copies). =triplicité=, _n.f._, triplicity. =tripoli=, _n.m._, tripoli; rotten-stone. =tripolir=, _v.a._, to polish with rotten-stone. =tripot=, _n.m._, gaming-house; pot-house; hell; house of ill-fame, brothel. =tripotage=, _n.m._, medley, jumble; mish-mash; jobbing; underhand dealing; scandal; gossiping story. =tripotée=, _n.f._, (pop.) a beating, a drubbing. =tripoter=, _v.a._ and _n._, (fam.) to plot; to hatch, to brew mischief; to slander, to job; to make a mess of; to act in an underhand manner; (pers.) to pull about, to handle (roughly). =tripoti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._ (-tié, -tièr), low intriguer, slanderer; gambling-house keeper, brothel-keeper. =tripsac=, _n.m._, (bot.) gama grass. =triptère=, _adj._, three-winged. =triptote=, _n.m._, (gram.) triptote. =triptyque=, _n.m._, (paint.) triptych. =trique=, _n.f._, cudgel; stick, bludgeon. =triqueballe=, _n.m._ or _f._, (artil.) truck. =trique-madame=, _n.f._, (_—_) (bot.) white stone-crop. =triquer=, _v.a._, (pop.) to cudgel, to beat; (tech.) to sort, to range (timber); to mix. =triquet=, _n.m._, tennis-bat; (tech.) trestle. =triquetrac=, _n.m._, clatter. *=trirègne=, _n.m._, tiara; pope’s triple crown. =trirème=, _n.f._, trireme. =trisaïeul=, _n.m._, great-great-grandfather. =trisaïeule=, _n.f._, great-great-grandmother. =trisection=, _n.f._, trisection. =trismégiste=, _n.m._, (print.) two-line pica, double pica. =trismus=, _n.m._, (med.) trismus, lock-jaw. =trissement= (tris-mān), _n.m._, cry (of swallows). =trissyllabe=, _n.m._ and _adj._, trisyllable; trisyllabic. =triste=, _adj._, sorrowful, mournful, sad; melancholy; dull; dark, gloomy, dreary, dismal; (pers.) poor, sorry; mean, wretched, paltry. _Une — nouvelle_; a sad piece of news. _Un — spectacle_; a sad, _or_ sorry, spectacle. _Faire un — repas_; to make a sorry meal. _Le temps est —_; the weather is dull. _— comme un bonnet de nuit_ or _comme un enterrement_; (pers.) as dull as ditch-water. =tristement=, _adv._, in a melancholy manner, sadly, sorrowfully, mournfully, drearily, dismally; sorrily, poorly; dully. _Les_ =tristes=, _n.m.pl._, Ovid’s Tristia. =tristesse=, _n.f._, sadness, melancholy, dreariness, dullness, gloom, gloominess. =triton=, _n.m._, Triton, sea-god; (mus.) tritone. =tritoxyde=, _n.m._, (chem.) tritoxide. =triturable=, _adj._, triturable. =trituration=, _n.f._, trituration. =triturer=, _v.a._, to triturate. =triumvir= (-om-vir), _n.m._, (_—s_) triumvir. =triumviral=, =-e=, _adj._, triumviral. =triumvirat=, _n.m._, triumvirate. =trivalve=, _adj._, (bot.) trivalvular. =trivelin=, _n.m._, (l.u.) buffoon, merry-andrew; (tech.) dentist’s forceps. =trivelinade=, _n.f._, (l.u.) buffoonery. =triviaire=, _adj._, only used in _Carrefour —_; a place where three roads end; junction of three roads. =trivial=, =-e=, _adj._ and _n._, trivial, trite, vulgar, slangy; trifling, light; triviality, vulgarity. =trivialement= (-mān), _adv._, trivially, vulgarly. =trivialité=, _n.f._, triviality, vulgarity, commonness; triteness. =trivium= (-vio-m), _n.m._, (_n.p._) trivium. =trivoie=, _n.f._, junction of three roads. =troc= (trok), _n.m._, swop, barter, exchange. =trocart= _or_ =trois-quarts=, _n.m._, (surg.) trocar. =trochaïque= (-ka-ik), _n.m._ and _adj._, trochaic. =trochanter= (-kan-tèr), _n.m._, (anat.) trochanter. =trochée= (-shé), _n.f._, (agri.) brushwood, branches (of a seedling). =trochée= (-shé), _n.m._, (poet.) trochee. =trochereau=, _n.m._, long-leaved pine. =troches= (trosh), _n.m.pl._, (hunt.) fumet, fewmet (the dung of deer). =trochet= (-shè), _n.m._, cluster (of fruit _or_ flowers); (tech.) block. =trochile= (-kil), _n.m._, (arch.) trochilus; (orni.) trochil. =trochisque= (-shisk), _n.m._, (pharm.) troche, cake (of colors). =trochure= (-shur), _n.f._, (hunt.) cluster of horns, trochings, surantler. =troène=, _n.m._, (bot.) privet. =troglodyte=, _n.m._, troglodyte; (mam.) chimpanzee; (orni.) wren. *=trogne=, _n.f._, face, phiz. _— enluminée_; large red face. _— d’ivrogne_; drunkard’s face. *=trognon=, _n.m._, core (of a pear _or_ apple); stump (of a cabbage). _Un petit —_; (pop.) a dear little girl; (pop.) head. =trois=, _n.m._ and _adj._, three; third. _Règle de —_; rule of three. =troisième=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, third. =troisième=, _n.m._, pupil of the 3d form (in a public school); third story, third floor (of houses). =troisième=, _n.f._, third class of a college. =troisièmement= (troa-zièm-mān), _adv._, thirdly. =trois-mâts=, _n.m._, (_—_) (nav.) three-master. =trois-ponts=, _n.m._, (nav.) three-decker. =trois-quarts=, _n.m._, (_—_). _V._ =trocart=. =trois-six=, _n.m._, (_—_) (com.) brandy _or_ alcohol (36 deg.); raw spirits; common brandy. =trôle=, _n.f._, used only in _Ouvrier à la —_; furniture hawker. _Filet à la —_; drag-net. =trôlée=, _n.f._, company, set. =trôler=, _v.a._ and _n._, to lead, _or_ drag, somebody about; to stroll about, to ramble, to rove, to tramp about. =trolle=, _n.m._, (bot.) globe-flower, trollius. =trombe=, _n.f._, (phys.) water-spout. =tromblon=, _n.m._, blunderbuss (fire-arm). =trombone=, _n.m._, (mus.) trombone. =tromboniste=, _n.m._, trombonist, trombone-player. =trompe=, _n.f._, horn, trumpet, trump; proboscis, trunk (of elephants, of insects); (tech.) blast-engine; Jew’s-harp. _—s de fallope_; (anat.) Fallopian tubes. =trompe-la-mort=, _n.f._, death’s match (person desperately ill who recovers, etc). =trompe-l’œil=, _n.m._, (_—_) (paint.) still-life deception; (fig.) illusion, sham. =tromper=, _v.a._, to deceive, to impose upon; to cheat, to baffle, to put out; to delude, to beguile; to take in; to impose on; to elude. _— la loi_; to elude the law. _— la confiance de quelqu’un_; to abuse any one’s confidence. _— son ennui_; to beguile one’s weariness. _C’est ce qui vous trompe_; there you are mistaken. _se_ =tromper=, _v.r._, to be mistaken, to mistake, to make a mistake; to deceive one’s self, to be deceived. _Vous vous trompez_; you are mistaken. _À s’y —_; enough to be mistaken, so as to take one for the other. _Se — de chemin_; to take the wrong road. _Se — de livre_; to take the wrong book. _Se — de travail_; to do the wrong work. =tromperie= (trōn-prî), _n.f._, deception, cheating, fraud, deceit, imposition, illusion, delusion. =trompeter=, _v.n._, to publish by sound of trumpet; to trumpet forth; to blab out, to publish; (of the eagle) to scream. =trompeteur=, _n.m._, (anat.) buccinator. =trompette=, _n.f._, (mus.) trumpet; (fig.) trumpeter, gossip, tell-tale; (conch.) trumpet-shell. _— parlante_; (l.u.) speaking-trumpet. _V._ =porte-voix=. _— marine_; one-stringed violoncello. _— à clef_; key-bugle. _Sonner de la —_; to blow the trumpet. _En —_; (of the nose) turned up. _Sans —_, _sans tambour ni —_; silently, quietly, without noise; privately. _Déloger sans —_; to decamp silently, without noise. =trompette=, _n.m._, trumpeter. =trompeu-r=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, deceiver, cheat; deluder, betrayer; deceitful, delusive, fallacious, beguiling, designing, cheating, false. =trompeusement=, _adv._, deceitfully, deceptively. *=trompillon=, _n.m._, (arch.) small pendentive. =tronc= (tron), _n.m._, trunk, stem, stump; stock; poor box, box; (arch.) broken shaft (of a column, pillar); (geom.) frustum. =troncature=, _n.f._, truncation. =tronce=, _n.f._, stump (of a tree); Yule-log. =tronchet=, _n.m._, cooper’s block. =tronçon=, _n.m._, broken piece, fragment, stump; portion, section (of a line of railway). =tronçonnement=, _n.m._, cutting up. =tronçonner=, _v.a._, to truncate, to lop, to cut into long pieces, to cut up. =trône=, _n.m._, throne. =trôner=, _v.n._, to sit on a throne; (fig.) to lord it over. =tronquer=, _v.a._, to mutilate, to truncate, to detruncate; (fig.) to garble, to mangle (book). =trop=, _adv._, too much, too many, too, over. _Par —_; too much. _Je ne sais_ (_pas_) _—_; I hardly know, I am not quite sure. _Qui dit — ne dit rien_; (prov.) who would prove too much, proves nothing. _Pas — bon_; not very good. _Pas — bien_; not very well. _— peu_; too little. _De —_; too much, too many, over. _Être de —_; to be one too many, not to be wanted. _— de peine_; too much trouble. _— cuit_; over-done. _— plein_; too full. _Tuyau de — plein_; waste-pipe. =trop=, _n.m._, excess, exuberance, superfluity. =trope=, _n.m._, (rhet.) trope. =trophée=, _n.m._, trophy. _Faire — d’une chose_; to glory in a thing. =tropical=, =-e=, _adj._, tropic, tropical. _Plante —e_; tropical plant. =tropique=, _n.m._ and _adj._, tropic; tropical; (bot.) ☉diurnal. _Année —_; tropical year. _Plante —_; ☉diurnal plant. =tropologique=, _adj._, tropological. =trop-plein=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) overflow, waste; overplus, surplus, excess. =troquer=, _v.a._, to truck, to barter, to exchange, to chop and change, to swap. _— son cheval borgne contre un aveugle_; to change for the worse. =troqueu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, barterer, trucker. =trot=, _n.m._, trot. =trotte=, _n.f._, trot, run, way, walk. =trotte-chemin=, _n.m._, (_—_) (orni.). _V._ =traquet=. =trotte-menu=, _adj._, slow-trotting. =trotter=, _v.n._, to trot; to trot about, to run about, to go about; (of children) to toddle. _Cette idée me trotte dans la tête_; this idea keeps running into my head. =trotter=, _v.a._, (man.) to cause to trot. _— un cheval_; to trot out a horse. _Faire —_; to put into a trot. =trotterie= (tro-trî), _n.f._, excursion, jaunt, trip. =trotteur=, _n.m._, trotter, _adj._, trotting. ☉=trotti-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, fond of walking. =trottin=, _n.m._, errand-boy; ☉page. _Aller chercher les pardons de Saint —_; to take a walk instead of going to church. =trottiner=, _v.n._, to go a jog trot; (pers.) to toddle along. =trottoir=, _n.m._, foot-path, footway, sidewalk, foot-pavement (of streets). _Faire le —_; to walk the streets. =trou=, _n.m._, hole, gap, orifice, mouth; (anat.) foramen, orifice; hazard (at tennis). _— de la serrure_; key-hole. _— du chat_; (nav.) lubber’s hole. _— d’homme_; man-hole. _Boucher un —_; to stop a hole, to fill a gap; to pay a debt _or_ portion of a debt. _Boire comme un —_; to drink like a fish. _N’avoir rien vu que par le — d’une bouteille_; to have seen nothing of the world. _Faire un — à la lune_; to shoot the moon; to fly from one’s creditors. =troubadour=, _n.m._, troubadour, bard. =troublant=, =-e=, _adj._, disturbing, troubling, disquieting. =trouble=, _adj._, thick, muddy, troubled, turbid, foul; dull, cloudy, overcast, dim. _Avoir la vue —_; to be dim-sighted. _Pêcher en eau —_; to fish in troubled waters; to take advantage of confusion _or_ disorder. =trouble=, _adv._, dimly, confusedly. =trouble=, _n.m._, confusion, disorder, disturbance, agitation, turmoil; dispute, quarrel. _pl._, troubles, broils, commotions, disturbances, dissensions. _—s civils_; civil broils. _Exciter des —s dans un Etat_; to raise dissensions in a state. =troublé=, =-e=, _adj part._, disturbed; confused, put out, abashed, bashful. =trouble= _or_ =truble=, _n.f._, hoop-net. =troubleau=, _n.m._, small hoop-net. =trouble-fête=, _n.m._, (_—_) mar-joy, troublesome guest. =troublement=, _n.m._, confusion, disturbance. =troubler=, _v.a._, to trouble, to make thick, to make muddy; to muddle, to turn; to disturb, to disorder, to distract, to confound, to agitate, to perplex, to disconcert, to unsettle; to unhinge; to put to trouble; to interrupt; to destroy the harmony of; to ruffle, to annoy, to discompose, to confuse; to dim, to dull. _La peur lui trouble la raison_; fear unhinges his mind. _— quelqu’un_; to put anyone out. _se_ =troubler=, _v.r._, to grow thick, to become thick, to grow muddy, to become muddy, to grow turbid, to become turbid; to turn, to become sour, to turn sour; to be confused, to be disconcerted, to become agitated; to become foggy, to be foggy, to become overcast, to get overcast, cloudy; to become confused, dim. =trouée=, _n.f._, opening, gap, pass; large hole. =trouer=, _v.a._, to bore, to perforate, to make a hole in; (tech.) to hole. _se_ =trouer=, _v.r._, to have a hole. =trou-madame=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) bagatelle, nine-holes (game). =troupe=, _n.f._, troop, band, company, crew, gang, set; soldiery, soldiers; crowd (of children); flock. _pl._, troops, forces. _Aller en —_; to flock together. _—s de terre_; land-forces. _—s de mer_; sea-forces. =troupeau=, _n.m._, flock, herd, drove. _— de moutons_; flock of sheep. _— de gros bétail_; drove of cattle. =troupier=, _n.m._, soldier, trooper. _Vieux —_; old campaigner, veteran. =trousse=, _n.f._, bundle, truss; (surg.) case of instruments; case (of a barber); ☉quiver. _Être aux —s de l’ennemi_; to be upon the enemy’s heels. _Je suis à ses —s_; I am after him. =troussé=, =-e=, _adj._, tucked up. _Bien —_; well set up, neat, nice, well got up, well turned; dapper. _Compliment bien —_; well turned compliment. =trousseau=, _n.m._, bunch (of keys); ☉small sheaf of arrows; trousseau (of a lady about to be married); outfit (of nuns, school-boarders, etc.); (anat.) fasciculus. =trousse-col=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_). _V._ =torcol=. =trousse-étriers=, _n.m._, (_—_) stirrup-leather. =trousse-galant=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) (fam.) cholera. =trousse-pète=, _n.f._, (_—_) (pop.) hussy, jade. =trousse-queue=, _n.m._, (_—_) (man.) tail-case. =troussequin=, _n.m._, cantel, cantle (of a saddle). =trousser=, _v.a._, to tie up, to tuck up, to turn up, to pin up; to truss; to dispatch (business); to hasten. _— ses jupes_; to tuck up one’s petticoats. _— un poulet_; to truss a chicken. _— baggage_ or _ses guenilles_; to make off, to cut one’s sticks, to be off, to hook it, to cut it. _— de la besogne_; to get through a lot of work (quickly). _se_ =trousser=, _v.r._, to tuck up one’s clothes; to be tucked up. =troussis=, _n.m._, tucking up, tuck. =trouvable=, _adj._, that can be found, discoverable. *=trouvaille=, _n.f._, thing found (by chance); godsend, windfall; discovery, hit, lucky hit. _Faire une —_; to make a discovery, to discover something. =trouvé=, =-e=, _part._, found. _Bien —_; felicitous, happy, new, original (of words). _Enfant —_; foundling. _Croire avoir trouvé la pie au nid_; to have found a mare’s nest. _Mot bien —_; happy word, felicitous expression. =trouver=, _v.a._, to find, to find out, to discover, to detect; to meet with, to meet, to light on, to hit upon, to come across; to like; to think, to deem, to deem it, to dream, to judge. _Comment le trouvez-vous?_ how do you like it? _Aller —_ or _venir —_; to go to, to go and see, to call _or_ wait upon, to visit. _Je lui trouve bon visage_; I think he looks well. _— à dire_, or _— à redire_; to find fault with. _— bon_; to approve, to think fit. _— mauvais_; to blame, to dislike, to disapprove, to be displeased with. _— beau_, _belle_; to admire, to think handsome. _Où avez-vous trouvé cela?_ what made you think of that? what put that in your head? _Vous trouvez!_ that’s your opinion, is it! _se_ =trouver=, _v.r._, to find one’s self; to be present, to be, to be by; to feel, to feel one’s self, to prove, to turn out; to happen, to chance, to chance to be. _Il s’est trouvé à cette action_; he was in that action. _Se — mal_; to faint, to feel unwell, to be taken ill; to fare ill. _Se — bien_; to be well, to feel comfortable, to derive benefit from. _Cela se trouve bien_; that is lucky. _Il se trouve_; there is _or_ there are; we find; it happens, _or_ turns out. =trouvère= _or_ ☉=trouveur=, _n.m._, Trouvère, northern bard (name of old poets of the North of France). =truand=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, _adj._, (pop.) (l.u.) vagrant, beggar, vagabond. *=truandaille=, _n.f._, (pop.) (l.u.) vagrants, beggars, vagabonds. =truander=, _v.n._, (pop.) (l.u.) to beg, to mump, to rove, to loaf. =truanderie= (-an-drî), _n.m._, (pop.) (l.u.) mumping, begging; vagrancy, loafing. =truble=, _n.f._ _V._ =trouble=. =truc=, _n.m._, (thea.) machinery; (pop.) knack, dodge, trick. _Il a le —_; he has the knack of doing it, he is up to it. _V._ =truck=. =trucage=, _n.m._, Jewing. =trucheman= (trush-mān) _or_ =truchement=, _n.m._, interpreter; dragoman, drogman. ☉=trucher=, _v.n._, (pop.) to beg from laziness. ☉=trucheu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (pop.) beggar. =truck= _or_ =truc=, _n.m._, (railways) truck, trolley. =truculent=, =-e=, _adj._ truculent. =truelle=, _n.f._, trowel; fish-slice, fish-carver. =truellée=, _n.f._, trowelful. =truffe=, _n.f._, (bot.) truffle. =truffer=, _v.a._, to stuff with truffles. =truffière=, _n.f._, truffle-ground. =truflier=, _n.m._, (bot.) privet. =truie=, _n.f._, (mam.) sow. =truisme=, _n.m._, truism. =truite=, _n.f._, (ich.) trout. _— saumonée_; salmon trout. _Vivier à —s_; trout stream. =truité=, =-e=, _adj._, spotted (porcelain); speckled; trout-colored (of dogs and horses). _Fonte —e_; (metal.) pig-iron spotted white and gray. =trullisation=, _n.f._, (arch.) troweling. =trumeau=, _n.m._, (arch.) pier; pier-glass; leg, _or_ shin, of beef. =trusquin=, _n.m._ _V._ =troussequin=. =tsar=, _n.m._ _V._ =czar=. =tsarien=, =tsarine=, =tsarowitz=. _V._ =czarien=, =czarine=, =czarowitz=. =tu=, _pron._, thou, you. _— es_; thou art, you are. _Être à — et à toi avec quelqu’un_; to be on very familiar terms, _or_ very intimate, with any one. =tuable=, _adj._, fit for killing. =tuage=, _n.m._, killing, slaughter (of an animal). =tuant=, =-e=, _adj._, killing, toilsome, tiresome, laborious, tedious. _C’est un homme —_; he is a regular bore. _V._ =assommant=. =tu-autem= (-ô-tèm), _n.m._, (_n.p._) main thing, difficulty, rub. =tube=, _n.m._, tube, pipe; (anat.) duct; (bot.) tube; (zoöl.) duct, tube. =tuber=, _v.a._, to tube. =tubercule=, _n.m._, (bot., med.) tubercle. =tuberculé=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) tuberculate, tubercled. =tuberculeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, tubercular, tuberculous; (bot.) tubercular, tuberculous, grained; (med.) tubercled, tubercular, tuberculous. =tuberculisation=, _n.f._, (med.) formation and growth of tubercles. =tubéreuse=, _n.f._, (bot.) tuberose. =tubéreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (bot.) tuberous. =tubérifère=, _adj._, tuberiferous. =tubérosité=, _n.f._, (anat.) tuberosity. =tubiforme=, _adj._, tubiform. =tubulaire=, _adj._, tubular. =tubule=, _n.m._, small tube, tubule. =tubulé=, =-e=, _adj._, tubular, tubulated, tubulous. =tubuleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, tubulated, tubulous. =tubulure=, _n.f._, (chem.) tubulature; (bot.) tubes, tubing. =tudesque=, _n.m._ and _adj._, Teutonic, Germanic (language); inelegant, rough, coarse. =tudieu=, _int._, zounds! =tue-chien=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) (bot.) meadow saffron, dog’s bane, colchicum. =tuer=, _v.a._, to kill, to slay, to slaughter, to butcher; to kill, to tire to death, to be the death of; to while away. _— des bœufs_; to slaughter oxen. _— le temps_; to kill time. _Se faire —_; to get killed, to expose one’s life. _se_ =tuer=, _v.r._, to kill one’s self, to make away with one’s self, to commit suicide; (fig.) to wear one’s self out. _Se — de peine_; to work one’s self to death. =tuer=, _v.n._, to kill, to be baneful (to); to tire, to be irksome. =tuerie= (tû-rî), _n.f._, slaughter, massacre, butchery, carnage; slaughter-house. _à_ =tue-tête=, _adv._, (of shouting and quarreling) with all one’s might, as loud as one can, at the top of one’s voice. =tueur=, _n.m._, killer, slayer. _— de gens_; bully, braggart. =tuf=, _n.m._, (min.) tuff, tufa. =tufacé=, =-e=, _adj._, (min.) tufaceous. =tuffeau=, _n.m._, (min.) tuff, tufa. =tufi-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, tufaceous. =tuile=, _n.f._, tile. _— faîtière_; crest-tile; ridge-tile. _— en S_; pantile. _— de Guienne_; gutter-tile. _— vernissée_; glazed tile; (fig.) blow; hard luck, mishap. =tuileau=, _n.m._, broken tile, shard. =tuilerie= (tuil-rî), _n.f._, tile-works, tile-fields. _Les —s_; Tuileries, a palace in Paris. =tuilier=, _n.m._, tile-maker. =tulipe=, _n.f._, (bot.) tulip. =tulipier=, _n.m._, (bot.) tulip-tree. =tulle=, _n.m._, tulle, net. =tulliste=, _n.m.f._, tulle-maker. =tuméfaction=, _n.f._, (med.) tumefaction. =tuméfier=, _v.a._, (med., surg.) to tumefy. _se_ =tuméfier=, _v.r._, (med., surg.) to tumefy. =tumeur=, _n.f._, tumor. _pl._, (vet.) warbles. =tumulaire=, _adj._, of the grave, sepulchral. _Pierre —_; tombstone. =tumulte=, _n.m._, tumult, uproar, riot, hubbub, confusion. =tumultuaire=, _adj._, tumultuary; against the law. =tumultuairement= (-èr-mān), _adv._, in a tumultuary manner. =tumultueusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, tumultuously. =tumultueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, tumultuous, riotous. =tumulus= (-lus), _n.m._, tumulus, barrow; cairn; mound (burial-place). =tungstène=, _n.m._ (_n.p._), (chem.) tungsten. =tunique=, _n.f._, tunic; (bot.) tunic; (anat.) tunic, coat, film; wall, coat (of the stomach); tunic (of the eye). =tuniqué=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) tunicated. =tunnel=, _n.m._, tunnel. =tuorbe=, _n.m._ _V._ =téorbe=. =turban=, _n.m._, turban. _Prendre le —_; to turn Mahometan. =turbine=, _n.f._, (mec.) turbine. =turbiné=, =-e=, _adj._, turbinate, turbinated. =turbinite=, _n.f._, (conch.) turbinite, turbite. =turbith=, _n.m._, (pharm.) turbith, turpeth. _— minéral_; turpeth mineral, subsulphate of mercury. =turbot=, _n.m._, (ich.) turbot. =turbotière= (ti-è-r), _n.f._, turbot-kettle. =turbotin=, _n.m._, (ich.) young turbot. =turbulemment= (-la-mān), _adv._, turbulently. =turbulence=, _n.f._, turbulence, wildness. =turbulent=, =-e=, _adj._, turbulent, noisy; rude, wild (of children). =turc=, _n.m._, Turk; wood-worm. _Se faire —_; to turn Turk. =tur-c=, =-que=, _adj._, Turkish. =turcie=, _n.f._, (l.u.) dike, embankment. =turcisme=, _n.m._, Turcism. =turco=, _n.m._ (_—s_), turco (Algerian soldier). =turcoin=, _n.m._, mohair. =turelure= (tur-lur), _n.f._, tol de rol, fol de rol, words (burden of a song). _C’est toujours la même —_; it is always the same thing over and over again. =turf=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) turf. =turfiste=, _n.m._, turfite. =turgescence=, _n.f._, turgescence, turgidness. =turgescent=, =-e=, _adj._, turgid, turgescent. =turlupin=, _n.m._, punster; sorry jester. =turlupinade=, _n.f._, sorry jesting; bad joke. =turlupiner=, _v.n._, to pun (badly). =turlupiner=, _v.a._, to laugh at, to turn into ridicule, to jeer (at), to banter, to provoke. =turlurette=, _n.f._, kind of guitar (in use in the 14th century). =turlut=, _n.m._, (orni.) titlark. =turlututu!= _int._, hush! hush! =turlututu=, _n.m._, (bot.) reed-pipe. =turnep= (-nèp), _n.m._, field-turnip. =turpitude=, _n.f._, turpitude, baseness, vileness, filthy language. _Dire des —s_; to tell filthy stories. =turque=, _n.f._, Turkish woman. =turquette=, _n.f._, (bot.) rupture-wort. =turquin=, _adj._, dark (of blue); deep blue. =turquoise=, _n.f._, turquoise. =tussilage=, _n.m._, (bot.) colt’s-foot, horse-foot. =tutélaire=, _adj._, tutelary, protecting, guardian. =tutelle=, _n.f._, (jur.) tutelage, guardianship, protectorship; committeeship (of lunatics). _Enfants en —_; children under the care of a guardian, minors. =tut-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, (jur.) guardian, trustee; protector; (hort.) prop. =tutie= (-tî), _n.f._, (chem.) tutty. =tutoiement= _or_ =tutoîment= (-toa-mān), _n.m._, theeing and thouing, saying thou and thee. =tutoyer=, _v.a._, to thee and thou. _se_ =tutoyer=, _v.r._, to thee and thou each other; to be on familiar terms. =tutrice=, _n.f._ _V._ =tuteur=. =tuyau=, _n.m._, pipe, tube, tunnel, funnel; barrel (of a quill); stalk (of corn); stalk, stem (of feathers); nozzle (of bellows, of candlesticks); shank, stem (of tobacco-pipes); goffering (of frills, etc.). _— aspirant_; suction pipe. _— atmospherique_; vacuum-pipe. _— de conduite_; delivery-pipe. _— de dégagement de la vapeur_; waste steam-pipe. _— d’embranchement_; branch-pipe. _— de trop-plein_; waste-pipe. _— de descente_; stack-pipe. _— de la cheminée_; flue of the chimney. _— de cheminée_; chimney flue. =tuyautage=, _n.m._, goffering, quilling, fluting. =tuyauter=, _v.a._, to goffer, to frill, to plate (frills, linen, etc.). =tuyauterie= (tui-io-trî), _n.f._, system of pipes; pipe-store; pipe-trade. =tuyère= (tu-iè-r), _n.f._, tue-iron; tewel; blast-pipe. =tympan=, _n.m._, (anat.) tympanum; drum of the ear; (print., arch., mec.) tympan; spandrel (of bridges). =tympaniser=, _v.a._, (fam.) to run down, to inveigh against, to decry, to lampoon, to traduce. =tympanite=, _n.f._, tympanite, tympany; wind (in horses). =tympanon=, _n.m._, (mus.) dulcimer. =type=, _n.m._, type, model; symbol; emblem; standard, character; (astron.) plan drawing; (print.) type. _C’est un véritable —_; (fig.) he is quite a character. _Quel — d’homme!_ what a character! =typha=, _n.m._, (bot.) reed-mace, Indian grass. =typhoïde=, _adj._, (med.) typhoid, typhus. =typhon=, _n.m._, (phys.) water-spout; typhoon. =typhus= (-fus), _n.m._, (med.) typhus, typhus fever, camp-fever, gaol-fever. _— du gros bétail_; cattle-plague. =typique=, _adj._, typic, typical, emblematic, emblematical, symbolical. =typographe=, _n.m._, typographer, printer. =typographie=, _n.f._, typography; printing; printing-office. =typographique=, _adj._, typographical. _Caractères —s_; printing-type. =typographiquement= (-fik-mān), _adv._, typographically. =tyran=, _n.m._, tyrant, despot, oppressor. _Cette femme est un vrai —_; that woman is a regular shrew. =tyranneau= (-ra-nô), _n.m._, petty tyrant. =tyrannicide= (-ra-ni-), _n.m._, tyrannicide. =tyrannie= (-ra-nî), _n.f._, tyranny, oppression. _S’affranchir de la —_; to free one’s self from tyranny; to throw off the yoke of tyranny. =tyrannique=, _adj._, tyrannical. =tyranniquement= (-ra-nik-mān), _adv._, tyrannically. =tyranniser= (-ra-ni-), _v.a._, to tyrannize (over), to oppress. =tyrolienne=, _n.f._, mountain song (dance _or_ waltz popular in the Tyrol). =tzar=, _n.m._ _V._ =czar=. =tzigane=, _n.m.f._, gypsy (Hungarian). U =u=, _n.m._, the twenty-first letter of the alphabet, u. =ubiquiste= (-kuist), _n.m._, (ecc. hist.) Ubiquist. =ubiquitaire= (-kui-), _n.m._, (ecc. hist.) Ubiquitarian, Ubiquitary. _adj._, ubiquitous, omnipresent. =ubiquité= (-kui-), _n.f._, ubiquity. =udomètre=, _n.m._, (phys.) udometer, pluviometer, rain-gauge. =uhlan=, _n.m._, (_—s_) uhlan (German lancer). =ukase=, _n.m._, ukase (edict of the Emperor of Russia). =ulcération=, _n.f._, (med.) ulceration. =ulcère=, _n.m._, ulcer. =ulcéré=, =-e=, _part._, (med.) ulcerated, gangrened; (fig.) embittered, full of deep resentment, cankered. =ulcérer=, _v.a._, to ulcerate; (fig.) to exasperate, to embitter, to provoke, to incense. _s’_=ulcérer=, _v.r._, (med.) to ulcerate, to exulcerate. =ulcéreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) ulcerous. =uléma=, _n.m._, (_—s_) ulema (in Turkey a doctor of law). =ulex=, _n.m._, (bot.) ulex, whin, gorse. =uligineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (bot.) uliginous. =ulmaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) common meadow-sweet. =ulmine=, _n.f._, (chem.) ulmine. =ulmique=, _adj._, (chem.) ulmic. _Acide —_; ulmic acid. =ultérieur=, =-e=, _adj._, ulterior, subsequent; further. =ultérieurement= (-eur-mān), _adv._, subsequently, later, beyond, further, besides. =ultimatum= (-to-m), _n.m._, (_—s_) ultimatum. =ultra=, _n.m._, (_—s_) ultra (person of violent opinions). =ultraïsme=, _n.m._, ultraism. =ultra-mondain=, =-e= (-dīn, -dè-n), _adj._, ultra-mundane. =ultramontain=, =-e= (-tīn, -tè-n), _n._ and _adj._, ultramontane; tramontane. =ultramontanisme=, _n.m._, ultramontanism. =ultrazodiacal=, _adj._, (astron.) ultrazodiacal (applied to those planets, the orbit of which is not limited to the width of the zodiac). =ululation=, _n.f._, ululation; howling, hooting. =ululer=, _v.n._, to ululate, to hoot, to howl. =umble=, _n.m._, (ich.) umber, char _or_ charr, grayling. =un=, _n.m._, one; unit. =un=, =-e=, _pron._, one. _— pour cent_; one per cent. _L’— vaut l’autre_; one is as good as the other. _L’— après l’autre_; one after another. _— à —_; one by one. _Les —s disent oui, les autres disent non_; some say yes, the others say no. _L’— ou l’autre_; either, the one or the other. _L’— et l’autre_; both. _Les —s et les autres_; all, all together. _Ni l’— ni l’autre_; neither the one nor the other, neither. _L’— portant l’autre_; (taking) one with another, on an average. _En donner d’—e à quelqu’un_; to take any one in. _N’en faire ni —e ni deux_; to make no bones about; not to hesitate, to decide there and then. _C’est tout —_; it matters not, it is all one. =un=, =-e=, _art._, a, an, any. =un=, =-e=, _adj._, one. _Sur les —e heure_; about one o’clock. =unanime=, _adj._, unanimous. =unanimement= (-nim-mān), _adv._, unanimously. =unanimité=, _n.f._, unanimity. =unau=, _n.m._, (mam.) sloth. =unciale= (ōn-), _adj.f._ _V._ =onciale=. =undécennal=, =-e=, _adj._, undecennial. =unguis= (on-gu-iss), _n.m._, (anat.) unguis. =unguiculé=, =-e=, _adj._, unguiculate, unguiculated. =uni=, =-e=, _adj._, united; smooth, even, level; plain, simple, unaffected; uniform. _Chemin —_; level road. _Du linge —_; plain linen. ☉_À l’—_, _adv._, level. _Etoffe —e_; plain material. _Les Etats —s_; The United States. =unicorne=, _n.m._, unicorn; sea-unicorn, narwhal, narwal. =unième=, _adj._, first. [Only used in _vingt et —_, _trente et —_, etc.; 21st, 31st, etc.] =unièmement= (-èm-mān), _adv._, firstly. [Only used when preceded by 20, 30, 40, etc.] =unification=, _n.f._, unification, amalgamation. =unifier=, _v.a._, to amalgamate, to unite. =uniflore=, _adj._, (bot.) uniflorous. =uniforme=, _adj._, uniform. _D’—_; regimental. =uniforme=, _n.m._, uniform; uniform, regimentals. _Quitter l’—_; to quit the service. _Grand —_; full-dress uniform. =uniformément=, _adv._, uniformly. =uniformité=, _n.f._, uniformity. =unilatéral=, _adj._, (bot.) unilateral; (of contracts) binding on one party only. =uniloculaire=, _adj._, (bot.) unilocular. =uniment=, _adv._, evenly, even, smoothly; plainly, simply. _Tout —_; simply, plainly, and no more. =uninominal=, =-e=, _adj._, of one name. =union=, _n.f._, union, conjunction; concord, agreement, harmony, blending, mixture; (jur.) deed of agreement; (jur.) concurrence. =unionisme=, _n.m._, unionism. =unipare=, _adj._, uniparous. =unipersonnel=, =-le=, _adj._, (gram.) unipersonal, impersonal. =unique=, _adj._, only, sole; single, unique; matchless, unrivaled; unparalleled, unprecedented; odd, singular. _Fils —_; only son. =uniquement= (u-nik-mān), _adv._, only, solely; above the rest; above all things. =unir=, _v.a._, to unite, to join, to combine; to smooth, to level, to plane, to make smooth; to pair. _s’_=unir=, _v.r._, to unite, to be united, to join together, to coalesce. =unisexué=, =-e= (-ni-cèksué), _or_ =unisexuel=, =-le= (-ni-cèksu-èl), _adj._, (bot.) unisexual. =unisson=, _n.m._, (mus.) unison, keeping, harmony, concert. _Deux cordes à l’—_; two strings in unison. _À l’—_; in unison, in concert. =unitaire=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, Unitarian. =unitarisme=, _n.m._, unitarianism. =unité=, _n.f._, unity, unit; unity, concord, agreement. =uniti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, (theol.) of pure love. =univalve=, _adj._, (bot., conch.) univalve, univalvular. =univers=, _n.m._, universe. =universaliser=, _v.a._, to make universal. =universalité=, _n.f._, universality, generality. =universaux=, _n.m.pl._ of =universel=, _n._, _q.v._ =universel=, =-le=, _adj._, universal; residuary sole (of legatees). =universel=, _n.m._, (_universaux_) (log.) predicable, universal. =universellement= (-sèl-mān), _adv._, universally, generally. =universitaire=, _adj._, of, _or_ belonging to, the university; academic. =université=, _n.f._, university. =univocation=, _n.f._, univocation. =univoque=, _adj._, univocal. =upas= (u-pâs), _n.m._, (bot.) poison-tree, bohun upas. =urane= _or_ =uranium= (-nio-m), _n.f._, (min.) uranite, uranium. =uranie=, (astron.) Urania; (bot.) traveler’s tree. =uranographie=, _n.f._, uranography. =uranographique=, _adj._, uranographic, uranographical. =uranoscope=, _n.m._, (ich.) uranoscopus. =uranus= (-nus), _n.m._, (astron.) Uranus, (Georgium Sidus). =urate=, _n.m._, (chem.) urate. =urbain=, =-e= (-bin, -bè-n), _adj._, urban. =urbaine=, _n.f._, hackney carriage (sort of). =urbains=, _n.m.pl._, townspeople. =urbanité=, _n.f._, urbanity. =urcéolé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) urceolate. =ure=, =aurochs=, _or_ =urus=, _n.m._, (mam.) ure, ure-ox, urus. =urédo=, _n.m._, (bot.) uredo. =urée=, _n.f._, (chem.) urea. =uretère=, _n.m._, (anat.) ureter. =urètre= _or_ =urèthre=, _n.m._, (anat.) urethra. =urgence=, _n.f._, urgency. _D’—_; urgent, immediate; in case of urgency. =urgent=, =-e=, _adj._, urgent, cogent, pressing. =urinaire=, _adj._, urinary. =urinal=, _n.m._, urinal. =urine=, _n.f._, urine, chamber-lye; stale (of animals). =uriner=, _v.n._, to urine, to make water; to stale (of animals). =urineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, urinous. =urinoir=, _n.m._, urinary, urinal. =urique=, _adj._, (chem.) uric. =urne=, _n.f._, urn; ballot-box. _— de scrutin_ or _— électorale_; ballot-box. =ursuline=, _n.f._, Ursuline nun, Ursuline. =urticaire=, _n.f._, (med.) urticaria, nettle-rash. =urtication=, _n.f._, (surg.) urtication. =urticées=, _n.f.pl._, (bot.) nettle tribe, urticaceæ. =urus=, _n.m._ _V._ =ure=. =us=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) used only in; _un savant en —_; a man learned in Latin; Latin scholar. =us= (us), _n.m.pl._, (_n.s._) usage, use, way. _Les — et coutumes_; the ways and customs. =usage=, _n.m._, custom, practice, use, usage; wear (of clothes). _pl._, church-books. _L’— le veut ainsi_; custom will have it so. _Cela est hors d’—_; that’s out of use. _Mettre une chose en —_; to use a thing. _Hors d’—_; obsolete. _Peu en —_; little used. _Mettre tout en —_; to spare no pains, to use every endeavor. _L’— du monde_; knowledge of the world; ways of the world. _Avoir de l’—_; to have manners, a certain breeding. =usager=, _n.m._, (jur.) commoner. =usance=, _n.f._, (com.) usance. _À l’—_; at usance. =usante=, _adj.f._, (jur.) (of spinsters) making use of, using. =usé=, =-e=, _adj._, worn out, threadbare; stale, common, trite, hackneyed. _Conte —_; stale story. =user=, _v.n._, to use, to make use of. _— de violence_; to use violence. _— de douceur_; to use gentle means. _En — bien avec quelqu’un_; to use, _or_ treat, any one well. _En — mal avec quelqu’un_; to use, _or_ treat, any one ill. _En — bien_, _en — mal_; to make a good, _or_ bad, use of. =user=, _v.a._, to use, to consume; to wear out, to wear off; to use up, to spend, to waste; to wear away; to wear down; (surg.) to eat off, to consume. _— des souliers_; to wear out shoes. _— ses yeux_; to impair one’s sight (by reading, etc.). _s’_=user=, _v.r._, to wear out; to be worn out, to be used, to be consumed; to waste, to decay; to be spent. =user=, _n.m._, wear, service. _Ce drap est d’un bon —_; this cloth wears well. _On ne connaît les gens qu’à l’—_; (fig.) it takes time to know people. _Être bon à l’—_; to improve on acquaintance. =usine=, _n.f._, works, mills, manufactory, factory. =usinier=, _n.m._, manufacturer, mill-owner. =usité=, =-e=, _adj._, usual; customary; used, in use. _Ce mot n’est guère —_; that word is seldom used. =usquebac= (us-kĕ-bak), _n.m._, usquebaugh (spirits). =ustensile=, _n.m._, utensil; tool, implement. _—s de cuisine_; kitchen utensils. =ustion= (u-sti-on), _n.f._, ustion, combustion. =usuel=, =-le=, _adj._, usual, customary, ordinary, common. =usuellement= (-èl-mān), _adv._, usually, customarily. =usufructuaire=, _adj._, (jur.) usufructuary. =usufruit=, _n.m._, (jur.) usufruct, use. =usufruiti-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._ (-tié, -tiè-r), usufructuary, tenant for life. =usufruit-ier=, =-ière=, _adj._, (jur.) usufructuary. =usuraire=, _adj._, usurious. =usurairement= (-rèr-mān), _adv._, usuriously. =usure=, _n.f._, usury, unlawful interest; wearing, wear, wear and tear. _Prêter à —_; to lend upon usury. _Rendre avec —_; to return with interest. =usuri-er= (-rié), _n.m._, =-ère= (-riè-r), _n.f._, usurer. =usurpat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, usurper. =usurpation=, _n.f._, usurpation, encroachment. =usurper=, _v.a._ and _n._, to usurp; to encroach. =ut= (ut), _n.m._, (mus.) ut, do, C. =utérin=, =-e=, _adj._, (med.) uterine; (jur.) uterine, on the mother’s side. =utérins=, _n.m.pl._, (jur.) brothers of the half blood, by the same venter; brothers and sisters of the half blood, by the same venter. =utérus= (-rus), _n.m._, womb, matrix, uterus. =utile=, _adj._, useful, of use, advantageous; expedient, proper, due, beneficial; profitable, serviceable; subservient. _En temps —_; in proper, _or_ due, _or_ good, time. =utile=, _n.m._, utility, usefulness. _Joindre l’— à l’agréable_; to combine utility and pleasure. =utilement= (u-til-mān), _adv._, usefully, profitably, beneficially, advantageously. =utiliser=, _v.a._, to find use for, to turn to account, to make use of, to avail one’s self of. _S’—_, to be utilized. =utilitaire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, utilitarian. =utilité=, _n.f._, utility, use, usefulness, benefit, profit, service, avail, advantage, purpose; (thea.) utility (actor). _But d’—_; purpose, useful end. =utopie=, _n.f._, utopia. =utopique=, _adj._, utopian. =utopiste=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, utopist; utopian. =utricule=, _n.m._, utricle. =utriculé=, =-e=, _adj._, utricular. =uvée=, _n.f._, (anat.) uvea. =uvelte=, _n.f._, (bot.) sea-grape. =uviforme=, _adj._, uviform, grape-shaped. =uvulaire=, _adj._, (anat.) uvular. V =v=, _n.m._, the twenty-second letter of the alphabet, v. =v=, (initial letter of _voir_, to see). _V._, vide. =va=, imperative of _aller_, to go. _— pour cela_; I consent to it; done, agreed. =va=, _n.m._, va (at basset, faro). =vacance=, _n.f._, vacancy. _pl._, vacation, holidays; recess (of parliament). _Entrer en —s_; to break up (of schools). =vacant=, =-e=, _adj._, vacant, unfilled, unoccupied, empty; (jur.) in abeyance, unclaimed. =vacarme=, _n.m._, hubbub, tumult, uproar. _Faire du —_; to kick up a shindy; to create a disturbance. =vacation=, _n.f._, attendance, sitting (of public officers); day’s sale (of auctions); vacation (of courts); ☉trade, profession. _— avenante_; in case of a vacancy. =vaccin=, _n.m._, (med.) vaccine matter, vaccine; lymph. =vaccinal=, =-e=, _adj._, vaccinal, vaccine. =vaccinateur=, _n.m._, vaccinator. =vaccination=, _n.f._, vaccination. =vaccine=, _n.f._, vaccinia, cow-pox; vaccination. =vacciner=, _v.a._, to vaccinate. =vache=, _n.f._, (mam.) cow; cow-hide (prepared for use). _Etable à —s_; cow-house, cow-stable _or_ shed. _— à lait_; milk cow, milch cow, dairy cow. _Manger de la — enragée_; to endure great hardships, to rough it. _Le grand chemin des —s_; the beaten track. _Le plancher des —s_; dry land, terra firma. _Parler français comme une — enragée_; to murder the French language. =vach-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, cowherd, cow-keeper, neat-herd. =vacherie= (va-shrî), _n.f._, cow-house. =vaciet=, _n.m._, (bot.) grape-hyacinth. =vacillant=, =-e= (-sil-lān, -t), _adj._, vacillating; reeling, staggering, tottering; wavering, uncertain, undecided; (bot.) versatile; (fig.) flickering (of light). =vacillation= (-sil-la-), _n.f._, vacillation; wavering, flickering (of light). =vaciller= (-sil-lé), _v.n._, to vacillate; to waver; to reel, to stagger; (fig.) to flicker (of light). =vacuité=, _n.f._, vacuity, emptiness. =vade=, _n.f._, vade, stake (at play). =vademanque=, _n.f._, (banking) decrease of money in reserve. =vade-mecum= (va-dé-mé-ko-m), _n.m._ (_—_), vade-mecum, manual. =va-et-vient=, _n.m._ (_—_), (mec.) reciprocating motion, swing, sweep, see-saw motion; (fig.) oscillation; (nav.) small ferry-boat; pass-rope, traversing gear. =vagabond=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, vagabond, vagrant; wandering. =vagabondage=, _n.m._, vagrancy; roguery. =vagabonder= _or_ ☉=vagabonner=, _v.n._, to be a vagabond, to wander, to roam, to tramp about. =vagant=, _n.m._, wrecker. =vagin=, _n.m._, (anat.) vagina. =vaginal=, =-e=, _adj._, (anat.) vaginal. =vagir=, _v.n._, (of infants) to wail, to mewl, to pule. =vagissant=, _adj._, mewling, wailing, puling. =vagissement=, _n.m._, crying, wailing, mewling (of infants). =vague= (vag), _n.f._, wave, billow, surge. =vague=, _adj._, vague, indeterminate, loose, uncertain; faint, indistinct, hazy; empty. _Terres —s_; waste-land. =vague=, _n.m._, vagueness, looseness; uncertainty; space, empty space, emptiness; void, vacuum. =vaguement= (vag-mān), _adv._, vaguely. =vaguemestre= (vag-mès-tr), _n.m._, (milit.) wagon-master, baggage-master, paymaster, orderly, post-sergeant; (nav.) postman. =vaguer= (va-ghé), _v.n._, to ramble, to rove, to range about, to wander, to stray, to straggle. _v.a._, to mash (in brewing). =vaguesse=, _n.f._, (paint.) lightness, airiness. =vaigrage=, _n.m._, (nav.) outer-planking, ceiling, wale. =vaigre=, _n.f._, (nav.) plank (for ceiling). *=vaillamment= (va-ia-mān), _adv._, valiantly, valorously, courageously, stoutly. *=vaillance=, _n.f._, valiance, valor, courage, bravery. *=vaillant=, =-e=, _adj._, valiant, valorous, brave, courageous, gallant. *=vaillant=, _n.m._, all a man is worth, one’s substance. _Tout son —_; one’s all. *=vaillant=, _adv._, worth, value. _N’avoir pas un sou —_; not to be worth a penny (of a person). _Il n’a rien —_; he is penniless. _Il a dix mille écus —_; he is worth 30,000 francs. ☉*=vaillantise=, _n.f._, (fam.) prowess, valorous deed. =vain=, =-e= (vin, vè-n), _adj._, vain, fruitless, ineffectual, unprofitable; empty, shadowy, foolish, trifling, frivolous; vainglorious, presumptuous, self-conceited. _En —_; vainly, in vain, to no purpose. _Homme —_; vain, conceited man. =vaincre= (vainquant, vaincu), _v.a._, to vanquish, to conquer, to overcome, to master, to defeat, to get the better of; to outdo, to surpass, to excel. _Se laisser —_; to give way to, to yield. _Se laisser — à la pitié_; to be moved to pity. _se_ =vaincre=, _v.r._, to conquer one’s self; to conquer one’s passions. =vaincre=, _v.n._, to win; to be victorious. =vaincu=, _n.m._, conquered, vanquished (enemy). =vainement= (vè-n-mān), _adv._, vainly, in vain, fruitlessly; to no purpose. =vainqueur=, _n.m._ and _adj._, vanquisher, conqueror, subduer, victor, overcomer; prize-winner, prize-man, prize-boy, prize-holder; conquering, victorious, triumphant. =vair=, _n.m._, (her.) vair. =vairé=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) vairy. =vairon=, _adj._, silver-eyed (of horses); (pers.) wall-eyed, odd-eyed. _Œil —_; wall-eye. =vairon=, _n.m._, (ich.) minnow. =vaisseau=, _n.m._, ship, vessel; structure, fabric; pile (inside of a building); (anat.) vessel, tube; (bot.) duct. _pl._, (nav.) shipping. _— d’approvisionnement_; victualing-ship. _— marchand_; merchantman. _— de guerre_; man-of-war. _— à deux ponts_; two-decker. _— de la marine royale_; His, Her, Majesty’s ship. _— frégate_; frigate-built ship. _— de compagnie_; (nav.) good company keeper. _— école_; training-ship. _— armé en guerre_; armed ship. =vaisselle=, _n.f._, plates and dishes; plate (of gold _or_ silver). _— de terre_; earthenware. _— d’or_; gold plate. _— d’argent_; silver plate. _— ciselée_; carved plate. _— plate_; (of gold _or_ silver) plate. =vaissellerie=, _n.f._, pots and pans. =val=, _n.m._, valley, vale, dale. _Par monts et par vaux_; up hill and down dale. =valable=, _adj._, valid, good for. =valablement=, _adv._, validly. =valenciennes=, _n.f._, valenciennes (lace). =valériane=, _n.f._, (bot.) valerian. =valet=, _n.m._, footman, valet; knave (at cards); door weight; hold-fast (of a joiner); support (of a looking-glass). _— de pied_; footman. _— de chambre_; valet. _— de bourreau_; assistant-executioner, aid. _Faire le bon —_; to be officious. _Maître —_; (agri.) headman. _— de ferme_; farm-servant. _— de chiens_; whipper-in. _Tel maître, tel —_; like master, like man. _C’est un — de cartes_; (fig.) he is a nobody, a contemptible fellow. _Il n’y a pas de grand homme pour son — de chambre_; no man is a hero to his valet. _On ne prend pas de — pour se servir soi-même_; what! keep a dog and bark thyself! =valetage= (val-taj), _n.m._, duty of a valet, drudgery. *=valetaille= (val-tâ-i), _n.f._, pack of men-servants, footmen, flunkies, lackeys, menials. =valet-à-patin=, _n.m._, (_—s-—_) (surg.) forceps (for ligatures). =valeter= (val-té), _v.n._, to cringe, to dance attendance, to fawn upon. =valétudinaire=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, valetudinary, valetudinarian, invalid. =valeur=, _n.f._, value, worth, consideration; import, meaning. _pl._, (com.) bills, paper, stocks, shares, securities; valor, bravery, courage, gallantry. _Être en —_; to bear a good price. _Être de nulle —_; to be of no value, to be valueless. _Abaisser la —_; to depreciate. _— en espèces_; value in cash. _—s mobilières_; transferable securities. _Mettre en —_; to improve (land). =valeureusement= (-reûz-mān), _adv._, valiantly, valorously, bravely, courageously. =valeureu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, valiant, valorous, brave, courageous, gallant. =validation=, _n.f._, (jur.) validation, rendering valid. =validé=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) the title of the Sultan’s mother. =valide=, _n.m._ and _adj._, person in health; healthy; in health, valid, good. =validement= (-lid-mān), _adv._, (jur.) validly. =valider=, _v.a._, to validate, to confirm, to ratify, to make valid. =validité=, _n.f._, validity, validness. =valise=, _n.f._, valise, portmanteau. =valisnère= _or_ =valisnérie=, _n.f._, (bot.) frogbit. =valkyrie=, _n.f._, (_—s_) Scandinavian myth, valkyrie, goddess, wish-maiden. =vallaire=, _adj._, (antiq.) vallary, vallar. _Couronne —_; vallary crown. =vallée=, _n.f._, valley, vale. =vallon=, _n.m._, dale, vale, small valley. =valoir= (valant, valu), _v.n._, to be worth, to be as good as, to be equal to; to yield, to bring, to win for, to procure. _— mieux_; to be better, to be preferable. _Il vaut mieux ne pas y aller_; it is better not to go there. _Cela ne vaut rien_; that is good for nothing. _Cet habit ne vaut plus rien_; this coat is quite worn out. _Cela ne vaut pas la peine d’y penser_; that is not worth a moment’s thought. _Il ne vaut pas la peine qu’on lui réponde_; he is not worth answering. _Vous ne faites rien qui vaille_; nothing you do is worth anything; you do nothing to speak of. _Chaque chose vaut son prix_; everything has its price. _Cela vaut son pesant d’or_; that is worth its weight in gold. _Faire — une terre_; to improve, to cultivate, an estate. _Faire — son argent_; to turn one’s money to account, to put it out at interest. _Faire — son talent_; to turn one’s talent to account. _Faire — sa marchandise_; to set off one’s goods. _Il fait bien — ce qu’il sait_; he makes the best of his knowledge. _Faire — son droit_; to assert, _or_ maintain, one’s right. _Se faire —_; to push one’s self forward, to brag too much. _Cela vaut fait_; that’s as good as done. _Vaille que vaille_; at all events, for better or worse. _Que lui a valu son ambition?_ what has his ambition brought him, _or_ won for him? =valonnement=, _n.m._, disposing in vales. _ad_ =valorem=, _adj._, (com.) ad valorem. =valse=, _n.f._, waltz. =valser=, _v.n._, to waltz. =valseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, waltzer, dancer, partner (in a dance). =value=, _n.f._, value. _Plus-—_; superior value. _Moins-—_; inferior value. =valvaire=, _adj._, (bot.) valvate. =valve=, _n.f._, valve; (tech.) clack, _or_ trap, door. =valvé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) valved, valvate. =valvule=, _n.f._, (anat.) valvule. =vampire=, _n.m._, vampire. =van=, _n.m._, (agri.) fan, van; winnowing-baskets. =vandale=, _n.m._ and _adj._, Vandal; vandalic. =vandalisme=, _n.m._, vandalism. =vandoise=, _n.f._, (ich.) dart; dace. *=vanille=, _n.f._, (bot.) vanilla, vanilla-tree; (bot.) vanilla (fruit). *=vanillier=, _n.m._, (bot.) vanilla-tree, vanilla. =vanité=, _n.f._, vanity, self-conceit. _Que vous avez de —!_ how full of vanity you are! _Faire — d’une chose_; to be proud of a thing. _Sans —_; vanity apart. =vaniteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, vainglorious, absurdly vain. =vannage=, _n.m._, (agri.) winnowing; (hydraul.) system of water-gates in a dam, etc. =vanne=, _n.f._, water-gate, sluice, sluice-gate; paddle-door. _adj._ _Eaux —s_; waste waters (from factories, etc.). =vanneau=, _n.m._, (orni.) lapwing, peewit, plover. =vanner=, _v.a._, to winnow, to fan, to sift, to hull; (hydraul.) to make, _or_ to place, water-gates in dams, etc. =vannerie= (va-n-rî), _n.f._, basket-trade; basket-work. =vannet=, _n.m._, scallop, scollop (shell-fish). =vannette=, _n.f._, server, flat basket (to give horses their corn). _— crible_; oat-sieve. =vanneur=, _n.m._, winnower. =vannier=, _n.m._, basket-maker. *=vantail=, _n.m._, leaf of a folding-door; window-shutter; lock-gate. _Fermer les vantaux_; to shut the folding-doors. =vantard=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, boaster, bragger, braggart; boasting, boastful; bragging. =vantardise=, _n.f._, (fam.) habitual boasting, bragging. =vanter=, _v.a._, to vaunt, to cry up, to praise up, to extol. _se_ =vanter=, _v.r._, to boast, to vaunt, to brag; to praise one’s self; to plume one’s self upon. _Il n’y a pas de quoi se —_; there is nothing to brag of. =vanterie= (vān-trî), _n.f._, boasting, bragging, vaunting; brag, boast. ☉=vanteur=, _n.m._ _V._ =vantard=. =va-nu-pieds=, _n.m._ and _f._, (_—_) tatterdemalion, ragged rascal, ragamuffin, waif and stray; vagabond, beggar. =vapeur=, _n.f._, vapor, fume, steam, damp, exhalation. _pl._, vapors, hysterics. _À la —_; by steam. _Bateau à —_; steam-boat, steamer. _Remorqueur à —_; steam-tug. _Chaudière à —_; steam-boiler. _Machine à —_; steam-engine. _Registre de —_; throttle-valve (of a steam-engine). _En —_; with the steam on. _À toute —_; at full speed. _Mettre en —_; to put the steam on, to get up steam. _On est en pleine —_; steam is up. =vapeur=, _n.m._, steamer. _— poste_; mail-steamer. =vaporeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, vaporous, vaporish; (paint.) aërial. =vaporisation=, _n.f._, vaporization. =vaporiser=, _v.a._, to vaporize. _se_ =vaporiser=, _v.r._, to vaporize, to be vaporized. =vaquer= (va-ké), _v.n._, to be vacant, void, empty; to be in vacation-time, not to sit; to attend, to devote one’s self to. _Il vaque à ses affaires_; he is attending to his business. *=varaigne=, _n.f._, tide-sluice (of salt marshes). =varaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) white hellebore. =varangue= (-rāng), _n.f._, (nav.) floor-timbers of a ship. _— plate_ or _— de fond_; flat floor-timber. _— fort acculée_; rising floor-timber (amidships). =vare=, _n.f._, Spanish measure of length, about a yard. =varec= _or_ =varech=, _n.m._, (bot.) varec, wrack, sea-wrack, sea-weed; (jur.) wreck (things washed upon the shore by the sea); sunken ship. =varenne=, _n.f._, waste-land; (hunt.) ☉chase, royal preserve. =vareuse=, _n.f._, oil-skin (jacket); pilot-jacket; jersey, blazer. =variabilité=, _n.f._, variableness, variability, changeableness; (alg.) variability. =variable=, _adj._, variable, changeable, fickle, unsettled, unsteady. _La fortune est —_; fortune is fickle. _Pouls —_; changeable pulse. =variable=, _n.m._, variable, change. _Le baromètre est au —_; the barometer is at change. =variant=, =-e=, _adj._, (l.u.) variable, fickle. =variante=, _n.f._, different reading, _or_ interpretation; various, _or_ different, spelling; alteration, difference (in different editions of a book), etc. =variation=, _n.f._, variation, variety, change, changeableness; alteration. =varice=, _n.f._, (med.) varix, varicose vein. =varicelle=, _n.f._, (med.) varicella, swine-pox. =varicocèle=, _n.f._, (med.) varicocele. =varier=, _v.a._, to vary, to variegate, to diversify. _— la phrase_; to say the same thing in other words. =varier=, _v.n._, to vary, to change, to be changeable; to disagree, to be at variance; to be fickle. =variété=, _n.f._, variety, diversity, change. _pl._, miscellanea; varieties; medley; extracts. _ne_ =varietur= (né varié-tur), (jur.) in order that no change may be made; “final edition” of an author’s works. =variole=, _n.f._, small-pox, variola. =varioleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._ and _n._, (a person) suffering from small-pox. =variolique=, _adj._, (med.), variolous, variolar, variolic. =variolite=, _n.f._, (min.) variolite. =varioloïde=, _n.f._, (med.) varioloid, chicken-pox. =variorum=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (_—_) variorum. _Edition —_; variorum edition. =variqueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, varicose, varicous. ☉=varlet=, _n.m._, varlet, page. =varlope=, _n.f._, jointer, jointing-plane. =vasculaire= _or_ (l.u.) =vasculeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (anat.) vascular. =vase=, _n.m._, vase, vessel, urn. _—s antiques_; antique vases. _—s étrusques_; Etruscan vases. _—s cinéraires_; funeral urns. _— de nuit_; chamber utensil. =vase=, _n.f._, slime, mud, mire, ooze, silt. =vaseu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, slimy, muddy, miry, silty, oozy. =vasi-er=, =-ère=, _n._ and _adj._, mud, of mud. =vasière=, _n.f._, salt-pan, brine-pan; mussel-bed. =vasistas= (-tâs), _n.m._, casement-window, casement; hatch-door; shutter; blind (of a carriage). =vasque=, _n.f._, basin (of a fountain). =vassal=, _n.m._, vassal. =vassalité=, _n.f._, vassalage; land held by vassals. =vasselage= (vas-laj), _n.m._, vassalage. =vaste=, _adj._, vast, wide, great, spacious, extensive. _— pays_; vast country. _De —s desseins_; great designs. _Un lieu —_; a vast place. _int._ (nav.) avast! =vastement=, _adv._, vastly, extensively, hugely, widely, greatly. =vatican=, _n.m._, Vatican, the Palace of the Pope. =va-tout=, _n.m._, (_—_) staking all one has, one’s all (at cards). _à_ =vau-de-route=, _adv._ _V._ =à vau-l’eau=. =vaudeville= (vôd-vil), _n.m._, (thea.) vaudeville; ballad; (thea.) ballad-opera, ballad-farce (corruption of _Vaux de Vire_, by Olivier Basselin). =vaudevilliste=, _n.m._, vaudeville-writer; ballad-writer. =vaudois=, _n.m._, Vaudois, native of Vaud. _à_ =vau-l’eau=, _adv._, with the current, down stream; (fig.) to wrack and ruin; at sixes and sevens. =vaurien= (-in), _n.m._, good-for-nothing wretch, worthless fellow, scamp, scape-grace; rogue, vagabond. =vautour=, _n.m._, (orni.) vulture. =vautrait=, _n.m._, (hunt.) boar-hunting equipage. =vautre=, _n.m._, boar-hound. =vautré=, =-e=, _adj._, wallowing, weltering; sprawling. _se_ =vautrer=, _v.r._, to wallow, to welter, to roll; to spread one’s self out, to sprawl. =vavasseur=, _n.m._, vavasor (vassal of a vassal). =vayvodat=, _n.m._, waywodate, waywodeship. =vayvode=, _n.m._, (_—s_) waiwode, waywode. =vayvodie=, _n.f._, waywodeship. =veau=, _n.m._, calf; bull-calf; calf’s leather; veal; lazy fellow. _— marin_; seal, sea-calf; sealskin. _Chair de —_; veal. _Longe de —_; loin of veal. _Rouelle de —_; fillet of veal. _Des pieds de —_; calves’ feet. _Eau de —_; veal broth. _Faire le pied de —_; (fig.) to cringe, to bow and scrape, to truckle (to). _Faire le —_; to sprawl; to indulge one’s self, to idle one’s time away. =vecteur=, _adj._, (astron.) vector. _Rayon —_; radius vector. =véda=, _n.m._, Veda (sacred books of the Hindoos). =védasse=, _n.f._, (dy.) weed-ashes. =vedette=, _n.f._, scout, vedette, mounted sentinel; watch-box, watch-tower. _Ecrire quelque chose en —_; to write anything in a line by itself. _Mettre en —_; to place on vedette. =védique=, _adj._, Vedic. =végétable=, _adj._, capable of vegetation. =végétal=, _n.m._, vegetable; plant. =végétal=, =-e=, _adj._, vegetable. =végétalité=, _n.f._, vegetability. =végétant=, =-e=, _adj._, vegetating. =végétarien=, =-ne=, _n.m.f._, vegetarian. =végétati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, vegetative. =végétation=, _n.f._, vegetation. =végéter=, _v.n._, to vegetate. _Il ne fait plus que —_; he merely vegetates. =véhémence=, _n.f._, vehemence, vehemency, impetuosity; force, violence. =véhément=, =-e=, _adj._, vehement, impetuous, hot, passionate. _Naturel —_; hot temper. _Orateur —_; vehement orator, impassioned orator. =véhémentement=, _adv._, ☉(jur.) strongly; (fam., fig.) vehemently. =véhicule=, _n.m._, vehicle. =vehme=, _n.f._, (_n.p._) Vehmic Court. =vehmique=, _adj._, Vehmic. *=veille=, _n.f._, watch, watching, sitting up; eve, vigil, day before; point, verge. _Être à la — de_; to be on the point of, on the verge of. _Entre la — et le sommeil_; between sleeping and waking. *=veillée=, _n.f._, sitting up to work in company; evening (in company); night attendance (upon a sick person). _Les —s d’hiver_; the winter evenings. *=veiller=, _v.n._, to watch, to sit up, to wake, to be awake, to lie awake; to be on the watch; to attend, to take care, to see, to have an eye upon. _— au salut de l’état_; to watch over the safety of the state. _— sur soi même_; to be upon one’s guard. _Faire — quelqu’un_; to keep any one up. _Veillez-y_; see to it. *=veiller=, _v.a._, to watch over, to look after, to sit up with. _— un malade_; to sit up with, _or_ to watch by the bedside of, a sick person. *=veilles=, _n.f.pl._, labors; night-studies, night-watches, vigils. *=veilleur=, _n.m._, watcher; night watchman. *=veilleuse=, _n.f._, night-lamp; float-light, watch-light. *=veillote= _or_ =veillotte=, _n.f._, hay-cock; (bot.) meadow-saffron. =veinage=, _n.m._, (paint.) veining. =veinard=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (pop.) lucky fellow, in luck’s way. =veine=, _n.f._, (anat., geol., min.) vein; (of marble _or_ wood) vein; (geol.) seam; underground spring of water; (fig.) vein. _Je suis en —_; my hand is in; I am in luck’s way. _En — de_; in the vein for, in the humor for. _Bonne —_; good run of luck (at play). _Avoir de la —_; to be in luck. _Je ne suis plus en —_; my luck has turned. =veiné=, =-e=, _adj._, veiny, veined. =veiner=, _v.a._, (paint.) to vein. =veineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, veined, veining; (anat.) venous, venal. =veinule=, _n.f._, (anat.) small vein. =vêlage=, _n.m._, calving (of cows). =vélar=, _n.m._, hedge-mustard, hedge-garlic. =vélarium= (-rio-m), _n.m._, (_—s_) (Rom. antiq.) velarium (awning stretched above the theater to keep off the sun). =vélaut!= _int._, (hunt.) tally-ho. =velche=, _n.m._, Goth, ignoramus. =velcherie=, _n.f._, ignorance, stupidity. =vêle=, _n.f._, cow-calf. =vêler=, _v.a._, (of cows) to calve. =vélin=, _n.m._, vellum; fine Alençon lace. =vélite=, _n.m._, (Rom. antiq.) light-armed soldier, skirmisher. =velléité= (vél-lé-), _n.f._, velleity, slight desire, fancy, mind. ☉=véloce=, _adj._, (astron.) swift, rapid. =vélocipède=, _n.m._, velocipede, cycle. =vélocité=, _n.f._, velocity, swiftness, rapidity, speed. =velours=, _n.m._, velvet. _— ras_; short-nap velvet. _— façonné_; figured velvet. _— de soie_; silk velvet. _— de coton_; cotton velvet. _— à côtes_; corduroy. _— de coton croisé_; velveteen. _— glacé_; shot velvet. _Faire patte de —_; to speak smoothly; to draw in one’s claws. _Habits de — ventre de son_; (prov.) silks and satins put out the kitchen fire. _Passe —_; (bot.) prince’s feathers. =velouté=, _n.m._, velveting, flock surface; velvet-pile; softness; (bot.) velvet; (med.) ☉mucous membrane. =velouté=, =-e=, _adj._, velvet, velvety; cut in imitation of velvet; velvet-like; with the softness of velvet; soft and smooth to the palate (of wines). =velouter=, _v.a._, to give (to some material) the appearance of velvet; to make velvet-like. =veloutier= (-tié), _n.m._, velvet-worker. =veltage=, _n.m._, measuring liquids by the _velte_. =velte=, _n.f._, an (obsolete) measure of capacity, about 7 quarts English; a sort of gauge to measure the capacity of casks. =velter=, _v.a._, to measure liquids by the _velte_. =velteur=, _n.m._, gauger; one who measures by the _velte_. =velu=, =-e=, _adj._, hairy (not applied to the head or beard); shaggy, rough. _n.m._, shagginess; hairy part. =velverette=, _n.f._, corduroy. =velvet=, _n.m._, =velvetine=, _n.f._, velveteen. =velvote=, _n.f._, (bot.) (spurious) toad-flax. =venaison=, _n.f._, venison. =vénal=, =-e=, _adj._, venal, mercenary. =vénalement= (-nal-mān), _adv._, in a venal, mercenary manner. =vénalité=, _n.f._, venality. =venant=, _n.m._ and _adj._, comer; coming. _A tout —_; to the first comer; to any one, _or_ as the fancy takes one. =vendable=, _adj._, salable, vendible. =vendange=, _n.f._, vintage; grape-gathering. _Faire —_; to gather the grapes; (fig.) to make a good thing of, to profit by. =vendanger=, _v.a._ and _n._, to gather grapes; to vintage; (fig.) to make illicit profits; to ravage, to spoil, to devastate, to sweep away. =vendangeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, vintager, grape-gatherer. =vendéen=, =-ne=, _n._, _adj._, Vendean. =vendémiaire=, _n.m._, Vendémiaire, the first month of the calendar of the first French republic, from September 22d or 23d to October 21st or 22d. =venderesse= (vān-drès), _n.f._, (jur.) vendor. =vendetta=, _n.f._, (_—s_) vendetta, vengeance. =vendeu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, seller, vendor, dealer. _— d’orviétan_; quack. =vendication=, _n.f._ _V._ =revendication=. =vendiquer=, _v.a._ _V._ =revendiquer=. ☉=vendition=, _n.f._, (jur.) sale. =vendre=, _v.a._ and _n._, to sell, to vend, to sell out; (fig.) to betray. _— cher_; to sell dear. _— à bon marché_; to sell cheap. _— argent comptant_; to sell for ready money. _À —_; to be sold, for sale. _Chose qui plaît est à moitié vendue_; good wares make quick sales. _se_ =vendre=, _v.r._, to sell one’s self; to sell, to go off (of a thing). =vendredi=, _n.m._, Friday. _Le — saint_; Good-Friday. =vené=, =-e=, _adj._, high (of meat). ☉=vénéfice=, _n.m._, (jur.) poisoning by malefice. ☉=venelle=, _n.f._, small street, alley, lane. [Only used in the popular expression _Enfiler la —_; to run away, to take to one’s heels.] =vénéneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, venomous, poisonous (of plants only). =vener=, _v.a._, to run (cattle) to make their flesh tender. _Faire — de la viande_; to keep meat until it gets high. =vénérable=, _adj._, venerable, reverend. =vénérablement=, _adv._, venerably, reverently. =vénération=, _n.f._, veneration. _Sa mémoire est en —_; his memory is held in veneration. =vénérer=, _v.a._, to venerate, to reverence. =vénerie= (vé-n-rî) _n.f._, venery, hunting; hunting-train; kennel. =vénérien=, =-ne= (-in, -è-n), _adj._, venereal, syphilitic. =venette=, _n.f._, (pop.) fright, funk. _Avoir la —_; to be in a funk. _Donner la —_; to frighten, to put into a funk. =veneur=, _n.m._, huntsman. _Grand —_; master of the hounds. =venez-y-voir=, _n.m._, (_—_) (fam., iron.) sight, show, raree-show; trifle, catch, cheat. =vengeance= (-jans), _n.f._, vengeance, revenge. _Tirer — d’un affront_; to be revenged for an affront. _Demander_, or _crier_, _—_; to call, _or_ cry, for vengeance. _Esprit de —_; revengefulness. _Par —_; out of revenge. =venger=, _v.a._, to revenge, to avenge, to take revenge for, to resent. _— une injure_; to avenge an injury. _se_ =venger=, _v.r._, to revenge one’s self, to avenge one’s self; to be revenged. _Se — de quelqu’un_; to be revenged on any one. =venge-ur=, =-resse=, _n._ and _adj._, avenger, revenger; revengeful, avenging. =véniel=, =-le=, _adj._, venial. =véniellement= (-nièl-mān), _adv._, venially. =veni-mecum= (vé-ni-mé-co-m), _n.m._, (_—_). _V._ =vade-mecum=. =venimeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, communicating poison, venomous (of animals); poisonous, malignant. =venin=, _n.m._, venom, poison, spite, rancor, malice. _Morte la bête, mort le —_; dead dogs can’t bite or dead men tell no tales. _Il a jeté tout son —_; he has vented all his spite. =venir= (venant, venu), _v.n._, to come, to be coming; to come along, to arrive; to chance, to fall out, to occur, to happen; to be descended; to grow, to grow up, to thrive (of plants); to issue, to run, to flow; to emanate, to proceed, to arise, to derive; to reach. _Je le vois —_; I see him coming; (fig.) I see what he is driving at. _Le voilà qui vient_; here he comes. _Venez ici_; come here. _Voulez-vous — avec nous à Londres?_ will you go with us to London? _Faire —_; to send for. _Faire — le médecin_; to send for the doctor. _Il va et vient_; he goes in and out. _Il s’en est allé comme il est venu_; he has had his labor for his pains. _Je ne ferai qu’aller et —_; I will not stay, I shall be back again directly. _En — aux extrémités_; to come to extremities. _S’en —_; to come away. _Il en vint jusqu’à le menacer_; he went so far as to threaten him. _En — aux mains_; to come to blows. _Il en faut — là_; we must come to that at last. _Si ma lettre venait à se perdre_; if my letter should happen to be lost, _or_ to miscarry. _Tout lui vient à souhait_; everything succeeds according to his wishes. _Cette nouvelle est venue jusqu’à moi_; that news reached even me. _Il me vint une pensée_; a thought came into my head. _D’où vient-il que?_ how is it that? _D’où vient cela?_ what is the cause of that? _D’où vient que?_ how is it that? _Quand il vint à parler de_; when he came to speak of. _— au monde_; to come into the world. _— de_; to come from; (followed by an infinitive) to have just. _Je viens de le quitter_; I have just left him. _Se faire bien — de_; to ingratiate one’s self (with), to curry favor (with). _Il vient de partir_; he has only just gone, _or_ started. _Il vient d’arriver_; he has just arrived. _Je viens le voir_; I come to see him. _Je viens de le voir_; I have just seen him. _Cet arbre vient bien_; that tree thrives well. _Viens donc_, _venez donc_; come away, come along. _Où voulez-vous en —?_ what are you aiming, driving, at? _D’où venez-vous?_ where do you come from? where were you brought up? _Il faut le voir —_; we must first see what he is driving at. _Vouloir en — à_; to aim at, to be driving at, to mean, to be up to. _Temps à —_; future time. _— à bout de_; to succeed, to master, to get through (anything). _Tout vient à point à qui sait attendre_; everything comes to him who waits. _C’est un beau — y voir_; a pretty sight, indeed! =venir=, _n.m._, coming. =vent=, _n.m._, wind, gale; flatulence; breath; (hunt.) scent; vanity, emptiness; (artil.) windage. _Un souffle de —_; a puff of wind. _Un — coulis_; a slight draught. _Il fait du —_; it is windy. _Être à l’abri du —_; to be sheltered from the wind. _Jeter la plume au —_; to allow chance to decide. _Autant en emporte le —_; all that is idle talk. _Aller comme le —_; to go swiftly, like the wind. _Aller selon le —_; to sail with the wind; (fig.) to go with the times; to be a time-server. _— fait_; settled wind. _Au —_; to the wind; (nav.) to windward. _Sous le —_; (nav.) to leeward. _— de terre_; land breeze. _— de mer_; sea breeze. _Avoir — et marée_; to have both wind and tide (in one’s favor). _Avoir le dessus du —_; (nav.) to have the weather-gauge; (fig.) to have the upper hand of any one. _Avoir des —s_; to be troubled with wind, flatulence (fig.). _Lâcher un —_; to break a wind. _Tout cela n’est que du —_; all that means nothing. _Si le — le permet_; weather permitting. _Filer — arrière_; (nav.) to sail before the wind. _Gagner le — sur_; to get to windward of; to weather. _Prendre le —_; to scent; (nav.) to sail near the wind. _— frais_; fresh gale. _Gros coup de —_; strong gale. _Être logé aux quatre —s_; to be exposed to every wind that blows. _Avoir le — contraire_; to have the wind against one. _Flotter au gré du —_; to float in the wind. _Iles du —_; (geog.) Windward Islands. _— au visage rend un homme sage_; (prov.) adversity makes a man wise, not rich. *=ventail=, _n.m._, (her.) ventail, visor (of a helmet). =vente=, _n.f._, sale; selling, auction; felling, cutting out (of timber). _En —_; for sale, now ready (of a book). _Mettre en —_; to offer for sale; to put up for sale, to publish (a book). _— aux enchères_; auction. _— judiciaire_; sale under warrant, _or_ before the sheriff. _Marchandise de bonne —_; goods that go off well. _Asseoir les —s_; to mark the trees that are to be felled. _Lods et —s_; tax on the sale of heritages. =ventelle=, _n.f._ paddle-valve (of lock-gates). =venter=, _v.n.imp._, to blow, to be windy. _Il vente_; the wind is blowing, it is windy. =venteu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, windy, flatulent. =ventier=, _n.m._, wood-salesman. =ventilateur=, _n.m._, ventilator, fan; (phys.) air-exhauster. =ventilation=, _n.f._, ventilation, airing; (jur.) valuation. =ventiler=, _v.a._, to ventilate, to air; (jur.) to value; (fig.) to discuss, to moot. =ventis=, _n.m._, wind-fallen timber. =ventolier=, _n.m._, (hawking) bird that flies well against the wind. =ventôse=, _n.m._, Ventose, the sixth month of the calendar of the first French republic, from February 19th or 20th to March 20th. =ventosité=, _n.f._, flatulence, ventosity. =ventouse=, _n.f._, cupping-glass, sucker; the devil-fish; ventilator, vent-hole, air-hole; (arch.) ventiduct. _pl._, cupping-glasses. _Appliquer les —s_; to cup. _—s-sèches_; dry-cupping. =ventouser=, _v.a._, to cup. =ventouseur=, _n.m._, cupper. =ventral=, =-e=, _adj._, ventral. =ventre=, _n.m._, belly, stomach; (of bottles) belly; womb; chest, body, inside. _— à terre_; at full speed. _Passer sur le — à_; to bear down upon, to rout, to put to rout. _Prendre du —_; to get a corporation. _Le bas-—_; (anat.) the abdomen. _J’ai mal au —_; I have a stomach-ache. _Remettre le cœur au — à quelqu’un_; to give any one fresh courage. _À plat —_; flat on the face. _Faire —_; to bulge, to swell out. _Manger à — déboutonné_; to eat like a glutton. _— affamé n’a point d’oreilles_; a hungry man will not listen to reason _or_ a hungry man is an angry man. _Savoir ce que quelqu’un a dans le —_; (fam.) to know what a person is worth, _or_ is thinking of. _N’avoir pas à trois mois dans le —_; (fam.) not to have three months to live. _— affamé prend tout à gré_; any food is good food when you are starving. =ventrebleu!= _int._ zounds! =ventrée=, _n.f._, litter (of animals). =ventricule=, _n.m._, ventricle. =ventrière=, _n.f._, girth (of a horse), belly-band, abdominal belt; sling; (carp.) purlin; (machinery) brace. =ventriloque=, _n.m._ and _adj._, ventriloquist; ventriloquous, ventriloquial. =ventriloquie=, _n.f._, ventriloquy, ventriloquism. *_se_ =ventrouiller=, _v.r._, to wallow in the mire, _or_ in the mud. =ventru=, =-e=, _adj._, big-bellied, corpulent; bulging (out). =venu=, =-e=, _part._, come. _Bien —_; welcome, well-grown (of trees, etc.). _Mal —_; ill-received; not welcome; ill-grown, stunted (of trees, etc.); not justified, wrong. _Le premier —_, _la première —e_; the first-comer, the first that comes, the first person one meets, any one, no matter which _or_ who. _Le dernier —_; the last comer. _Nouveau —_; new-comer (_m.s._). _Des nouveaux —s_; new-comers (_m.pl._). _Une nouvelle —e_; a new-comer (_f.s._). _Des nouvelles —es_; new-comers (_f.pl._). =venue=, _n.f._, coming, arrival, advent, growth. _Allées et —s_; goings and comings. _Tout d’une —_; at a stretch, all at once. _À la bonne —_; come what may, at all hazards. ☉=vénule=, _n.f._ _V._ =veinule=. =vénus= (-nus), _n.f._, (astron., myth.) Venus; ☉(chem.) copper. =vénusté=, _n.f._, (l.u.) handsomeness, gracefulness, elegance. =vêpres=, _n.f.pl._, vespers. =ver= (vèr), _n.m._, worm, maggot; moth; mite. _— luisant_; glowworm. _— de fumier_; muck-worm. _— à soie_; silk-worm. _— rongeur_; never-dying worm. _— de fromage_; cheese-mite. _— solitaire_; tape-worm. _— de terre_; earth-worm. _Mangé_, or _rongé_, _des —s_; worm-eaten. _Nu comme —_; stark naked. _Tuer son —_; (pop.) to have a morning nip. =véracité=, _n.f._, veracity. =véraison=, _n.f._, turning, ripening (of grapes). =véranda=, _n.f._, verandah. =vératre=, _n.m._, (bot.) veratrum. =vératrine=, _n.f._, (chem.) veratria, veratrine. =verbal=, =-e=, _adj._, verbal. _Promesse —e_; promise by word of mouth. =verbalement= (-bal-mān), _adv._, verbally, by word of mouth. =verbaliser=, _v.n._, to draw up a written statement; to state facts, to be long-winded. =verbe=, _n.m._, (gram.) verb; voice; (theol.) the Word. =verbénacées=, _n.f.pl._, (bot.) verbenaceæ. =verbération=, _n.f._, verberation. =verbeusement=, _adv._, verbosely, with many words. =verbeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, verbose, prolix. =verbiage=, _n.m._, verbiage. =verbiager=, _v.n._, to be verbose. =verbiageu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, verbose, _or_ wordy, talker; twaddler. =verbosité=, _n.f._, verbosity. =ver-coquin=, _n.m._, (_—s-—s_) (ent.) vine-grub; (vet.) staggers; caprice, whim. =verd=, _adj._ _V._ =vert=. =verdal=, _n.m._, basement-light, cellar-light. =verdâtre=, _adj._, greenish. =verdée=, _n.f._, white wine of Tuscany. =verdelet=, =-te=, _adj._, tart (of wine); vigorous, strong, hale (of old people). =verderie=, _n.f._, verderer’s range; verderer’s jurisdiction. =verdet=, _n.m._, verdigris. =verdeur=, _n.f._, greenness, viridity, sap; tartness, harshness (of wine); acrimony; (of old people) vigor, freshness. =verdict= (-dikt), _n.m._, (jur.) verdict, finding. _Rendre un —_; to deliver a verdict. =verdier=, _n.m._, verderer, verderor; (orni.) greenfinch, green-linnet. =verdir=, _v.a._ and _n._, to paint green; to grow green, to become green; to get covered with verdigris (of copper). =verdoyant=, =-e=, _adj._, verdant, green. =verdoyer=, _v.n._, to be verdant, to become green. =verdure=, _n.f._, verdure, greenness, green; pot-herbs. =verdurier=, _n.m._, greengrocer. =véreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, worm-eaten, maggoty, full of maggots, rotten; suspicious, suspected of a concealed vice _or_ defect; (com.) (of bills) insecure, unsafe, doubtful. =verge=, _n.f._, rod, wand; shank (of an anchor); handle (of a whip); penis. _pl._, rod, birch (old); yard (measure). _— de bedeau_, verger’s wand. _Cet enfant craint les —s_; that child fears the rod. _Donner des —s pour se faire fouetter_; to give a rod to beat one’s self. _Passer_ (_quelqu’un_) _par les —s_; (mil.) to flog. _Être passé par les —s_ or _passer par les —s_; to run the gauntlet. _Faire passer_ (_un soldat_) _par les —s_; (mil.) to flog through the lines. =vergé=, =-e=, _adj._, (of paper) laid; (of textile fabrics) streaky. =vergée=, _n.f._, about a rood. =verger=, _v.a._, to measure by the rod. =verger=, _n.m._, fruit-garden, orchard. =vergeté=, =-e=, _part._, beaten (cleaned with a cane); streaked (of skin). =vergeter=, _v.a._, to beat, to whisk, to brush (with a cane). =vergetier= (-tié), _n.m._, brushmaker, rodmaker. =vergette=, _n.f._, brush, clothes-brush, bundle of rods, switch (generally used in the plural); hoops (of a drum). _Donner un coup de —s_ (_à_); to give a brushing, to brush. =vergeure= (-jur), _n.f._, wire-mark (of paper). =verglacé=, =-e=, _part._ _adj._, covered with rime, coated over with frost, frozen over. =verglacer=, _v.imp._ (old). _Il verglace_; the rain freezes as it falls. _V._ =verglas=. =verglas=, _n.m._, glazed frost, frozen rain, rime. _Il fait —_ or _il tombe du —_; the rain freezes as it falls. *=vergne=, _n.m._, alder-tree. *=vergogne=, _n.f._, shame. _Sans —_; shameless. =vergogneu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, shy, reserved, modest, bashful. =vergue= (vèrg), _n.f._, (nav.) yard (of a sail). _Grande —_; main-yard. =véricle=, _n.f._, paste, imitation (jewelry). =véridicité=, _n.f._, veracity, credibility. =véridique=, _adj._, veracious, credible. =véridiquement=, _adv._, veraciously, truthfully. =vérificateur=, _n.m._, verifier, examiner (of work); auditor (of accounts). =vérification=, _n.f._, verification, examining, auditing; (of wills) probate. =vérifier=, _v.a._, to inspect, to examine, to verify, to try (weights, measures); to audit, to prove (a will). =vérin=, _n.m._, screw-jack. =vérine=, _n.f._, verinas (tobacco); (nav.) binnacle-lamp. =vérissime=, _adj._, most true, most faithful. =véritable=, _adj._, true, genuine, pure, real, staunch. _Un — ami_; a true friend. =véritablement=, _adv._, truly, really, in reality, indeed, in truth. =véritas=, _n.m._, Lloyd’s register (French). _Bureau —_; (French) Lloyd’s rooms. =vérité=, _n.f._, truth, verity, truthfulness. _Dire la —_; to speak the truth. _En —_; indeed, truly. _À la —_; indeed; it is true; I confess. _Toute — n’est pas bonne à dire_; all truths are not to be spoken at all times. _On dit souvent la — en riant_; there’s many a true word spoken in jest. _Dire ses —s à quelqu’un_; (not to be afraid) to tell anyone his faults; to be outspoken with any one. =verjus=, _n.m._, verjuice; sour grapes. _C’est jus vert et —_; it is six of one and half a dozen of the other. =verjuté=, =-e=, _adj._, sharp, tart, acid. =verjuter=, _v.a._, to flavor with verjuice. *=vermeil=, =-le=, _adj._, vermilion, ruby, ruddy, rosy, coral. _Teint —_; rosy complexion. *=vermeil=, _n.m._, silver-gilt. =vermicel= _or_ =vermicelle=, _n.m._, vermicelli. =vermicelier=, _n.m._, vermicelli manufacturer. =vermiculaire=, _adj._, vermicular, worm-shaped; (anat.) vermiform. =vermiculaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) stone-crop. =vermiculé=, =-e=, _adj._, (arch.) vermicular, vermiculated. =vermiculures=, _n.f.pl._, (arch.) vermiculated work. =vermiforme=, _adj._, worm-shaped; (anat.) vermiform. =vermifuge=, _n.m._, (med.) vermifuge. *=vermiller=, _v.n._, (hunt.) (of boars) to scratch for worms, etc. *=vermillon=, _n.m._, vermilion. *=vermillonner=, _v.a._, to vermilion; to paint in red. =vermine=, _n.f._, vermin, (fig.) rabble. =vermineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) caused by worms. =vermisseau=, _n.m._, vermicule, grub, earthworm, little worm. _se_ =vermouler=, _v.r._, to be worm-eaten. =vermoulu=, =-e=, _adj._, worm-eaten, decayed, crumbling to pieces. =vermoulure=, _n.f._, worm-hole, rottenness in wood, dry-rot. =vermout= _or_ =vermouth=, _n.m._, bitters. =vernaille=, _n.f._, (min.) telesia. =vernal=, =-e=, _adj._, vernal, spring-like. =vernation=, _n.f._, (bot.) vernation, foliation. =verne=, _n.m._, (bot.). _V._ =vergne=. =vernier=, _n.m._, vernier, sliding-rule. =vernir=, _v.a._, to varnish; to glaze; to japan, to lacquer, to polish. =vernis=, _n.m._, varnish, polish, glaze, glazing. _— gras_; oil-varnish. _Donner un — à_; to polish, to set off. =vernissage=, _n.m._, varnishing; glazing. =vernisser=, _v.a._, to varnish, to glaze, to japan. =vernisseur=, _n.m._, varnisher. =vernissure=, _n.f._, the application of varnish, _or_ glazing, on anything. =vérole=, _n.f._, pox. _La petite —_; the small-pox. _Grain de petite —_; pock-mark. _Petite — volante_; chicken pox. =vérolé=, =-e=, _n._ and _adj._, (l.ex.) (med.) poxed, syphilitic. =vérolique=, _adj._, (med.) syphilitic. =véron=, _n.m._ _V._ =vairon=. =véronique=, _n.f._, (bot.) veronica, speedwell. *=verraille=, _n.f._, small glass wares; old glass. =verrat=, _n.m._, boar. =verre=, _n.m._, glass. _— à boire_; drinking glass. _Choquer les —s_; to touch glasses. _— grossissant_; magnifying-glass. _— ardent_; burning-glass. _Grand —_; tumbler. _— à pied_; rummer. _— à vin_; wine-glass. _— de vin_; glass of wine. _— de couleur_; stained glass, colored glass. =verrée=, _n.f._, glassful. =verrerie= (vér-rî), _n.f._, glass-works; glass-making; glass-wares. =verrier=, _n.m._, glass-maker, glassman, glass-blower; dealer in glassware; glass-basket. =verrière=, _n.f._, glass-stand, monteith; (in churches) stained window. =verrine= _or_ =verrière=, _n.f._, glazed box; glass picture frame. =verroterie= (vè-ro-trî), _n.f._, glass-ware; glass trinket; glass beads. =verrou=, _n.m._, bolt. _Fermer une porte au —_; to bolt a door. _S’enfermer au —_; to bolt one’s self in. _Au —_; under lock and key, locked up. *=verrouiller=, _v.a._, to bolt, to bar. *_se_ =verrouiller=, _v.r._, to bolt one’s self in. =verrucaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) wartwort. =verrue=, _n.f._, wart. =verruqueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, warty; wart-like; verrucose; (med.) tubercled. =vers= (vèr), _n.m._, verse, line (of poetry). _Faire des —_; to write verses. _Grand —_; Alexandrine (twelve-syllabled verse). =vers=, _prep._, towards, about, to. _Tournez-vous — moi_; turn towards me. _— les quatre heures_; about four o’clock. =versable=, _adj._, apt to overturn, liable to upset. =versade=, _n.f._, upsetting, overturning. =versage=, _n.m._, (agri.) first dressing (of land). =versant=, =-e=, _adj._, liable to be overturned. =versant=, _n.m._, declivity, side, slope (of mountains); watershed. =versatile=, _adj._, versatile, variable, changeable. =versatilité=, _n.f._, versatility, variableness. =verse=, _adj._, (geom.) versed. _Sinus —_; versed sine. _à_ =verse=, _adv._, (of rain) very fast, in torrents. _Il pleut à —_; it is raining in torrents, or cats and dogs. =versé=, =-e=, _part._ _adj._, poured, overturned; (fig.) versed, skilled, conversant. =verseau=, _n.m._, (astron.) Aquarius. =versement=, _n.m._, payment; deposit. _— partiel_; installment. =verser=, _v.a._, to pour, to pour out; to shoot, to discharge, to empty; to shed, to spill; to lodge, to deposit (money); to overturn, to upset, to cast, to throw. =verser=, _v.n._, to overturn, to upset, to be overturned, to overset (of vehicles); to be laid, to be beaten down (of standing corn). =verset=, _n.m._, (Bibl.) verse. =versicules= _or_ =versiculets=, _n.m.pl._, (fam., jest.) little verses, versicles. =versificateur=, _n.m._, versifier, poetaster. =versification=, _n.f._, versification. =versifier=, _v.n._, to versify, to make verses. =versifier=, _v.a._, to turn into verses. _se_ =versifier=, _v.r._, to be versified, to be put into verse. =version=, _n.f._, version, translation. =verso=, _n.m._, (_—s_) back (of a leaf); (print.) reverse, even, left-hand page. =versoir=, _n.m._, mold-board (of a plow). =verste=, _n.f._, verst (Russian measure of length, about 1166 yards). =vert=, =-e=, _adj._, green; sharp, harsh (of things); tart (of wine); raw (of hides); vigorous, robust (of old age); resolute. _Bois —_; green wood. _Morue —e_; salt fish (that has not been yet dried). _Cuir —_; raw leather. _Fruit —_; green fruit. _Du vin —_; tart wine. _Pomme —e_; unripe apple. _Pierres —es_; stones just cut out of the quarry. _Une —e vieillesse_; a vigorous, _or_ hale, old age. _Une —e réponse_; a sharp answer. _Ils sont trop —s_; the grapes are sour. _Il a la tête —e_; he is a hare-brained fellow, _or_ a greenhorn. =vert=, _n.m._, green, green color; grass; green meat; green food; tartness (of wine). _— de mer_; sea-green. _Employer le — et le sec_; to leave no stone unturned. _Mettre des chevaux au —_; to turn horses out to grass. _Vous ne le prendrez pas sans —_; you will not catch him napping. _Manger son blé en —_; (prov.) to anticipate one’s income. =vert d’eau= _or_ =vert de mer=, _n.m._, sea-green. =vert-de-gris=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) verdigris. =vert de vessie=, _n.m._, sap-green. =vert-pomme=, _n.m._, apple-green. =vertébral=, =-e=, _adj._, vertebral. =vertèbre=, _n.f._, vertebra. =vertébré=, =-e=, _adj._, vertebral, vertebrate. =vertébré=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) vertebral, vertebrate. _Les —s_; the vertebrates. =vertement=, _adv._, vigorously, briskly, sharply; harshly, severely. _Je l’ai tancé —_; I reprimanded him most severely, I gave him a good talking to. =vertical=, =-e=, _adj._, vertical. =verticalement= (-kal-mān), _adv._, vertically. =verticalité=, _n.f._, verticalness. *=verticille=, _n.m._, (bot.) verticil; whorl. *=verticillé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) verticillate. =verticité=, _n.f._, verticity (of the sea compass). =vertige=, _n.m._, dizziness, giddiness, vertigo, swimming in the head; (vet.) staggers; (fig.) folly, madness, intoxication. =vertigineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, giddy, dizzy (of heights, etc.), subject to giddiness. =vertigo=, _n.m._, (_—s_) vertigo; whim, crotchet; (vet.) staggers. =vertu=, _n.f._, virtue, chastity; property, faculty, quality; power, force. _Faire de nécessité —_; to make a virtue of necessity. _En — de_; by virtue of, in pursuance of. _— de ma vie!_ why, bless my heart! ☉=vertubleu!= =vertuchou!= _int._, bless my heart! zounds! =vertueusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, virtuously. =vertueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, virtuous. ☉=vertugadin=, _n.m._, farthingale. =verve=, _n.f._, warmth, fancy, inspiration; animation, liveliness; spirit; fervor; rapture; raciness, humor; (l.u.) fancy, whim, crotchet. _Avoir de la —_; to be sprightly, spirited. =verveine=, _n.f._, (bot.) vervain, verbena. =vervelle=, _n.f._, (falconry) varvel. =verveux= _or_ =vervier=, _n.m._ and _adj._, hoop-net (for fishing). =vésanie=, _n.f._, (med.) madness, insanity. =vesce=, _n.f._, (bot.) vetch, tare. =vésical=, =-e=, _adj._, vesical. =vésicant=, =-e=, _adj._, causing blisters, vesicatory. =vésication=, _n.f._, (med.) vesication. =vésicatoire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, blister; vesicatory; blistering. _Un emplâtre —_; a blistering plaster. _Un —_; a blister. _Mouche à —_; blister-fly. =vésiculaire=, _adj._, vesicular. =vésicule=, _n.f._, vesicle, bladder. =vésiculeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, vesiculate, bladdery. =vesou=, _n.m._, sugar-cane juice. =vespasienne= (-zi-èn), _n.f._, urinal (public). =vesper= (vès-pèr), _n.m._, (astron.) Vesper, Venus. ☉=vespériser=, _v.a._, to scold, to reprimand. =vespétro=, _n.m._, ratafia (a cordial). =vesse=, _n.f._, (l.ex.) fizzling (school-slang). _Vesse!_ cave! _Avoir la —_; (fig.) to be in a funk. =vesse-de-loup=, _n.f._, (_—s-—_) (bot.) puff-ball. =vesser=, _v.n._, (l.ex.) to fizzle; (fig.) to funk. =vesseu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, (l.ex.) one who fizzles; coward, funk. =vessie=, _n.f._, bladder; blister; (ich.) bladder; (fig.) trifle, nonsense. _— natatoire_; swimming bladder. _Faire croire que des —s sont des lanternes_; (prov.) to make any one believe that the moon is made of green cheese. _Il vaut nous faire prendre des —s pour des lanternes_; he would make us believe ..., etc. _Faire venir des —s_; to blister. =vessigon=, _n.m._, (vet.) vessicnon, wind-gall. =vesta=, _n.f._, (astron.) Vesta. =vestale=, _n.f._, vestal. =veste=, _n.f._, round jacket. =vestiaire= (-ti-èr), _n.m._, vestiary; robing-room; wardrobe; dressing-room; cloak-room; charity clothing-club; clothes-money (in convents). =vestibule=, _n.m._, vestibule, lobby, hall, porch, gateway; passage. =vestige=, _n.m._, footstep, track; vestige, sign, mark, foot-print; trace, remains. =veston=, _n.m._, lounge-jacket, dress-jacket. =vésuvien=, =-ne=, _adj._, Vesuvian. =vêtement= (vêt-mān), _n.m._, garment; garb. _pl._, dress, clothes, raiment, wearing apparel. _— manqué_; misfit. =vétéran=, _n.m._, veteran; unpromoted pupil. =vétérance=, _n.f._, quality of a veteran, veteranship. =vétérinaire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, veterinary surgeon; veterinary. *=vétillard=, =-e=. _V._ =vétilleur=. *=vétille=, _n.f._, trifle. *=vétiller=, _v.n._, to trifle, to stand upon trifles. =vétillerie=, _n.f._, hair-splitting. *=vétilleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, one who stands upon trifles, trifler, hair-splitter. *=vétilleu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, overnice, fastidious, captious, hair-splitting (of a person); ticklish, minute, tedious, trifling (of a thing). =vêtir= (vêtant, vêtu), _v.a._, to clothe, to vest, to array, to dress. _se_ =vêtir=, _v.r._, to put on one’s clothes, to dress one’s self. =vétiver= (-vèr), _n.m._, (bot.) whorl-flowered bent-grass. =veto= (vé-tô), _n.m._, (_n.p._) veto. =vêtu=, =-e=, _part._, dressed, clothed, clad, arrayed. _Mal —_; ill-dressed. _— de blanc_, _de noir_; dressed in white, in black. =vêture=, _n.f._, taking the habit _or_ the veil (of friars and nuns). [_Prise d’habit_ is more frequently used.] =vétusté=, _n.f._, antiquity, oldness, decay. =vétyver= (-vèr), _n.m._ _V._ =vétiver=. =veu-f=, =-ve=, _n._ and _adj._, widower; widow; widowed. _Cette église est —ve de son évêque_; this church is deprived of its bishop. _Eglise —ve_; a church no longer, a cathedral. _Epouser la —_; (pop.) to be guillotined. =veule=, _adj._, (gard.) too light (of earth); long, small and weak (branches); (pers.) weak, powerless. =veuvage=, _n.m._, widowhood. =veuve=, _n.f._, widow; (bot.) tulip streaked white and violet; (orni.) widow-bird, whidah-finch, vidua. =veuvier=, _adj._, widower. =vexant=, =-e=, _adj._, vexing, provoking, annoying. =vexat-eur=, =-rice=, _adj._, vexatious. =vexation=, _n.f._, vexation, molestation, annoyance. =vexatoire=, _adj._, vexatious, annoying. =vexer=, _v.a._, to vex, to plague, to molest, to torment, to annoy. =vexillaire=, _n.m._, (Rom. antiq.) vexillary, standard-bearer. =vexillaire=, _adj._, (nav.) vexillary (of signals made by means of flags); (bot.) having the shape of a flag. =viâ=, _prep._, via, by way of. =viabilité=, _n.f._, (med., jur.) viability (of infants); condition of the roads of a country; good repair. =viable=, _adj._, viable, likely to live. =viaduc=, _n.m._, viaduct. =viag-er=, =-ère=, _adj._, for life, during life. _Rente —ère_; life-annuity. _Placer en —_; to sink (money); to invest in a life-annuity. =viager=, _n.m._, (fin.) life-interest. =viande=, _n.f._, meat, viand. _— de boucherie_ or _grosse —_; butcher’s meat. _Menue —_; fowl and game. _— blanche_; white meat (poultry, veal, etc.). _— noire_; brown meat (game). _Basse —_; inferior, coarse meat. _Un mangeur de —s apprêtées_; a lazy fellow, a sponger. =viander=, _v.n._, (hunt.) to graze (of deer). =viandis=, _n.m._, pasture, grazing (of deer). =viatique=, _n.m._, Viaticum; last sacrament; provisions for a journey; traveling money. =vibord=, _n.m._, (nav.) waist (of a ship). =vibrant=, =-e=, _adj._, vibrating; vibrant; jarring. =vibration=, _n.f._, vibration. =vibratoire=, _adj._, vibratory. =vibrer=, _v.n._, to vibrate. =vibrion=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) vibrio, microscopic eel. =vicaire=, _n.m._, vicar (delegate); curate of a parish. _Le — de Jésus-Christ_; the Pope. _Grand —_; grand vicar. =vicairie=, _n.f._, _or_ =vicariat=, _n.m._, curacy, curateship, vicarage, living. =vicarial=, =-e=, _adj._, vicarial. =vicarier=, _v.n._, to officiate as a curate. =vice=, _n.m._, vice, fault; blemish, defect, flaw, imperfection, error. _Pauvreté n’est pas —_; poverty is no crime. _— de forme_; informality. =vice=, _Latin particle_, vice, instead of. [Only used in French in composition with nouns.] =vice-amiral=, _n.m._, (_—-amiraux_), vice-admiral; second ship of a fleet. =vice-amirauté=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) vice-admiralty. *=vice-bailli=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) vice-bailiff. =vice-chancelier=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) vice-chancellor. =vice-consul=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) vice-consul. =vice-consulat=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) vice-consulship. =vice-gérant=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) vicegerent, deputy manager. =vice-gérent=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) vicegerent. =vice-légat=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) vice-legate. =vice-légation=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) vice-legateship. =vicennal=, =-e=, _adj._, vicennial (of twenty years). =vice-préfet=, _n.m._, vice-prefect. =vice-présidence=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) vice-presidency. =vice-président=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) vice-president. =vice-reine=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) vice-queen. =vice-roi=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) viceroy. =vice-royauté=, _n.f._, (_—-—s_) viceroyalty, viceroyship. =vice-sénéchal=, _n.m._, (_—-sénéchaux_) deputy-seneschal. =vice versa=, _adv._, vice versa. =vicié=, =-e=, _adj._, vitiated, depraved, corrupted; foul (air). =vicier=, _v.a._, to vitiate, to taint, to corrupt, to make _or_ render foul. _se_ =vicier=, _v.r._, to become vitiated _or_ corrupt; to become, _or_ get, tainted _or_ foul. =vicieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, viciously. =vicieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, vicious, faulty, defective. =vicinal=, =-e=, _adj._, (of roads) parish, parochial, connecting. =vicinalité=, _n.f._, condition of the roads of a parish, connection, communication (of roads). =vicissitude=, _n.f._, vicissitude; revolution, change. =vicomtal=, =-e=, _adj._, of a viscount _or_ viscountess. =vicomte=, _n.m._, viscount. =vicomté=, _n.f._, viscountship; viscounty. =vicomtesse=, _n.f._, viscountess. =victimaire=, _n.m._, (antiq.) victimarius. _adj._, of a victim, _or_ victims. =victime=, _n.f._, victim, sufferer. _Être — de_; to be a sufferer by. _Mourir — de_; to die a victim to. =victimer=, _v.a._, to victimize; to sacrifice; to immolate; to ridicule; to quiz; to make a laughing-stock of. =victoire=, _n.f._, victory, conquest. _Remporter la —_; to gain the victory. _proper noun_, Victoria. =victoria=, _n.f._, victoria, park-phaeton. =victorieuse=, _n.f._, (bot.) a variety of anemone. =victorieusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, victoriously, triumphantly. =victorieu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, victorious, triumphant. =victorieux=, _n.m._, (bot.) a variety of carnation. *=victuaille=, _n.f._, (l.u.) provisions. _pl._, (nav.) ☉stores, victuals, eatables. _V._ =vivres=. ☉*=victuailleur=, _n.m._, (nav.) victualer, victualing-agent. =vidage=, _n.m._, emptying. =vidame=, _n.m._, (feudalism) vidame. =vidamé=, _n.m._, _or_ =vidamie=, _n.f._, dignity of a vidame. =vidange=, _n.f._, clearing, emptying, removing; (of cess-pools) night-work; ullage (of liquor). _pl._, night-soil; (med.) lochia. _En —_; (of corks) ullaged. =vidangeur=, _n.m._, night-man, scavenger. =vide=, _adj._, empty, void, blank, devoid, destitute, vacant, vacuous; (mus.) open. _Corde à —_; open string. =vide=, _n.m._, void, gap, chasm, hole; vacuum, emptiness, vanity; blank, empty space. _À —_; empty, upon nothing. _Mâcher à —_; (fig.) to feed on false hopes. =vidé=, =-e=, _part._, emptied, empty. _Jarrets bien —s_; (of a horse) clean hocks. *=vide-bouteille=, _n.m._, (_—-—s_) small country house, country-box (house). =vide-poches=, _n.m._, (_—_) lady’s work-table, carriage-basket. =vider=, _v.a._, to empty; to vacate; to decide, to end; to settle; to draw (poultry); to gut (fish); to drain. _— un étang_; to drain a pond. _— une clef_; to bore a key. _— du drap_; to pink cloth. _— un procès_; to adjust, _or_ to settle, a lawsuit. _— un différend_; to settle a dispute. _— ses comptes_; to make up one’s accounts. _— les lieux_, _une province_, _etc._; to leave, to be driven from, a place, a province, etc. (by force). _se_ =vider=, _v.r._, to be emptied; to empty itself (of a thing); to be settled, to be adjusted. =vidimer=, _v.a._, (jur.) to collate, to compare (the copy of a document with the original). ☉=vidimus=, _n.m._, the certifying the copy of a document as conforming to the original. =vidrecome=, _n.m._, (l.u.) tumbler, large drinking-glass. =viduité=, _n.f._, widowhood. =vidure=, _n.f._, emptying, drawing; pinking. =vie=, _n.f._, life, existence, days; morals, character; lifetime; livelihood, living; food, subsistence; way of living, course of life; vitality; spirit, animation. _Rendre la — à quelqu’un_; to restore life to any one. _Rendre la — dure à quel-qu’un_; to make any one miserable; to make life a burden to any one. _Être en —_; to be alive. _Il y va de la —_; it is a case of life and death. _Demander la —_; to beg for life. _Je n’ai rien vu de pareil de ma —_; I never saw anything like it in all my life. _Gagner sa —_; to get one’s livelihood. _Mendier sa —_; to beg one’s bread. _Faire bonne —_; to lead a merry life. _Faire la —_; to live fast; to racket. _Faire — qui dure_; to lead a sober life; (fig.) to husband one’s resources. _Mener une — heureuse_; to lead a happy life. _Avoir la — dure_; to have a hard time; to have nine lives. _Train de —_; way of living. _Tourmenter sa —_; to bestir one’s self. _Faire — de garçon_; to live like a bachelor. _Mener une — réglée_; to lead a regular life. _C’est ma —_; it is my very life. _Telle —, telle fin_; people die as they live. _Il a écrit lui-même sa —_; he has written his own life. _À la — et à la mort_; in life and death. _Une pension à —_; a pension for life. _Sa — durant_; during his life. _Prodiguer sa —_; to throw away one’s life, to expose one’s self to danger. _S’ôter la —_; to make way with one’s self. =viédase=, _n.m._, (l.ex.) (pers.) puppy, jackanapes. *=vieil=, _adj._ _V._ =vieux=. *=vieillard=, _n.m._, old man. *=vieille=, _adj._ _V._ =vieux=. *=vieille=, _n.f._, old woman. *=vieillement=, _adv._, in an old way, _or_ manner. *=vieillerie=, _n.f._, old things; old clothes, old goods, old stuff, old lumber, rubbish. *=vieillesse=, _n.f._, old age; oldness. _Elle est morte de —_; she died of old age. *=vieillir=, _v.n._, to grow old; to get old; to look old; to become obsolete (of words). *=vieillir=, _v.a._, to make old; to make look old. *_se_ =vieillir=, _v.r._, to make one’s self look old; to give one’s self out as older than one actually is. *=vieillissant=, =-e=, _adj._, growing old. *=vieillissement= (-is-mān), _n.m._, growing old. *=vieillot=, =-te=, _adj._, oldish. =vielle=, _n.f._, hurdy-gurdy. _Il est du bois dont on fait les —s_; he is of a pliant temperament. =vieller=, _v.n._, to play upon the hurdy-gurdy; (pop.) ☉to stand trifling. =vielleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, hurdy-gurdy player. =vierge=, _n.f._, virgin, maid; (astron.) Virgo. =vierge=, _adj._, virgin, virginal, maiden; pure, untrodden, unwrought; free from. _Métaux —s_; native, _or_ virgin, metals. _Forêt —_; primeval, untrodden, virgin forest. _Epée —_; unfleshed, maiden sword. =vieux=, =vieil=, _adj.m._, =vieille=, _f._, old; aged, advanced in years; ancient, venerable. _Un vieux soldat_; an old soldier. _Un vieil arbre_; an old tree. _Un vieil harpagon_; an old miser. _Une vieille femme_; an old woman. [_Vieil_ may be used instead of _vieux_ before a vowel or a silent _h_.] =vieux=, _n.m._, old man, old boy, old fellow; _un — de la vieille_; a veteran of the Old Guard. =vieux=, _n.m._, anything that is old (especially clothes, shoes, etc.). =vi-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, alive, live, living; quick; lively, brisk, sprightly, smart, animated, fiery, mettlesome, ardent, eager, hasty, keen, alert, nimble; sharp, violent (of pain); vivid, bright (of colors). _Cheval —_; mettlesome horse. _Des yeux —s_; sparkling eyes. _Couleur —ve_; bright color. _Un froid —_; a piercing cold. _Une —ve douleur_; a violent pain. _Eau —ve_; spring-water. _Chaux —ve_; quicklime. _Haie —ve_; quickset hedge. _De —ve voix_; by word of mouth; vivâ voce; verbally, orally. _Il est — comme la poudre_; he is quick-tempered, as hot as a peppercorn; he is quick at work. _Mort ou —_; dead or alive. =vif=, _n.m._, quick; (jur.) person living; shaft (of a column). _Être touché au —_; to be touched to the quick. _Trancher_, or _couper_, _dans le —_; to cut to the quick; (fig.) to set to work in earnest. _Piquer au —_; to sting to the quick. _Être pris sur le —_; (of pictures, descriptions) to be very life-like. =vif-argent=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) quicksilver. =vigie=, _n.f._, (nav.) look-out; look-out man; lurking rock; rock above water; (railways) seat (on the top of cars). _Être en —_; (nav.) to be on the look-out, on the watch. =vigilamment= (-la-mān), _adv._, vigilantly, watchfully. =vigilance=, _n.f._, vigilance, watchfulness. =vigilant=, =-e=, _adj._, vigilant, watchful. =vigile=, _n.f._, vigil, eve. *=vigne=, _n.f._, vine; vineyard. _— sauvage_; wild vine. _— vierge_; wild-grape, wild-briony. _— noire_; black briony _or_ bryony. _— blanche_; white briony, traveler’s joy. _— de Judée_; woody nightshade, bitter-sweet. _Être dans les —s du Seigneur_; to be in one’s cups, to be half-seas-over. *=vigneau=, _n.m._ _V._ =vignot=. *=vigneron=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, vine-dresser, wine-grower. *=vignette=, _n.f._, (engr.) vignette; (bot.) meadow-sweet. =vignettiste=, _n.m._, vignettist, vignette-maker. *=vignoble=, _n.m._, vineyard. _Propriétaire de —s_; wine-grower. *=vignoble=, _adj._, wine-growing. *=vignot= _or_ =vigneau=, _n.m._, periwinkle. *=vigogne=, _n.m._, vicuna-felt hat. *=vigogne=, _n.f._, vicugna, vicuña, vicuna; vicuna-wool, swan’s down. =vigoureusement= (-reûz-mān), _adv._, vigorously, stoutly, forcibly, energetically. =vigoureu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, vigorous, stout, hardy, lusty, forcible, energetic. =viguerie=, _n.f._, provostship (in Languedoc, Provence). =vigueur=, _n.f._, vigor, strength, force; power, sturdiness; energy, spirit. _Mettre en —_; to put in force, to enforce. _— d’esprit_; strength of mind. _Entrer en —_; to come into force. =viguier=, _n.m._, provost (Languedoc, Provence). =vil=, =-e=, _adj._, vile, base, mean, despicable, low, wretched. _À — prix_; very cheap, dirt-cheap. =vilain=, _n.m._, (feudalism) villain, villein; niggard; blackguard, cad, nasty fellow; miser. _Oignez — il vous poindra, poignez — il vous oindra_; a bad man will return evil for good. =vilain=, =-e= (-līn, -lè-n), _adj._, ugly, vile, villainous, pitiful, miserable, unhandsome; shabby, worthless, nasty, filthy, slovenly, wicked; sordid, wretched, infamous, scandalous. _Il m’a joué un — tour_; he has played me a nasty trick. _— temps_; bad weather. _Il fait —_; it is nasty weather. _C’est un — monsieur_; he is a nasty fellow, an ugly customer. =vilain= (-līn), _n.m._, =-e= (-lè-n), _n.f._, (fam.) naughty boy, naughty girl. =vilainement= (-lè-n-mān), _adv._, uglily; basely, nastily, shamefully, scandalously, unworthily, villainously, wretchedly, naughtily, sordidly, improperly, deplorably. =vilayet=, _n.m._, vilayet, large Turkish province. =vilebrequin= (vil-brĕ-kin), _n.m._, center-bit, wimble. =vilement= (vil-mān), _adv._, vilely, basely, meanly, abjectly, contemptibly. =vilenie= (vil-nî), _n.f._, filth, nastiness, foulness, dirt; sordid avarice, niggardliness; trash, unwholesome food; mean, base, vile action, _pl._, offensive words; filthiness, obscenity. =vileté= (vil-té) _or_ =vilité=, _n.f._, cheapness, low price; unimportance, baseness, meanness. =vilipendement=, _n.m._, vilification. =vilipender=, _v.a._, to vilify, to despise, to cry down; to undervalue. =vilité=, _n.f._ _V._ =vileté=. =villa=, _n.f._, villa. =villace=, _n.f._, (fam., l.u.) large, straggling, thinly-peopled city. =village=, _n.m._, village. _Des gens de —_; country-folk. _Il est bien de son —_; he knows nothing of what is going on in the world. =villageois= (-joâ), _n.m._, =-e= (-joaz), _n.f._, villager, rustic, cottager. _adj._ rustic, country. =villanelle=, _n.f._, pastoral poetry; a dancing tune. =ville=, _n.f._, town, city. _— de commerce_; commercial town. _— maritime_; sea-port town. _— de bains_ or _d’eaux_; watering-place. _— de guerre_; fortress. _Robe_, or _toilette_, _de —_; walking-dress. _Habit de —_; (of officers) plain clothes, mufti. _Costume de —_; morning-coat, frock coat. _Corps de —_; corporation, town-council. _Être en —_; to be out (not at home). _Il est allé dîner en —_; he has gone out to dinner, he is dining out. _Être à la —_; to be in town. =villégiature=, _n.f._, sojourn in the country. _En —_; staying in the country. =villette=, _n.f._, (fam.) small town, townlet. =villeu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (bot.) villous, villose. =villifère=, _adj._, villiferous. =villiforme=, _adj._, villiform. =villosité=, _n.f._, (bot.) villosity. =vimaire=, _n.f._, damage caused (to forests) by storms. =vin=, _n.m._, wine, vinosity, strength. _— mousseux_; sparkling wine. _— non mousseux_; still wine. _Du — éventé_; dead wine. _— de Bordeaux_; claret. _Du — paillet_; pale wine. _— du Rhin_; Rhenish wine. _— de deux feuilles_; wine two years old. _— qui a beaucoup de corps_; full-bodied wine. _— ordinaire_; dinner wine. _— pur_; neat wine (without water). _— coupé_; diluted wine. _— de la comète_; vintage wine. _— brûlé_, _— chaud_; mulled wine, negus. _Marchand de —_, or _négociant en —s_; wine-merchant. _Un doigt de —_; a drop of wine. _Tremper son —_; to dilute one’s wine. _Il est en pointe de —_; he has had a drop too much. _Être pris de —_; to be the worse for liquor. _Être entre deux —s_; to be half-seas over. _Cuver son —_; to sleep one’s self sober. _Un sac à —_; a drunken sot. _Il a le — mauvais_; he is quarrelsome in his cups. _Il a le — bon_; he is merry in his cups. _À bon — point d’enseigne_; good wine needs no bush. _Du — à faire danser les chèvres_; wine not fit to drink. _Le — entré, la raison sort_; (prov.) when ale is in, wit is out. _Mouiller trop son —_; to drown the miller. =vinage=, _n.m._, putting alcohol into wine. =vinaigre=, _n.m._, vinegar. =vinaigré=, =-e=, _adj._, seasoned with vinegar. =vinaigrer=, _v.a._, to season with vinegar. =vinaigrerie=, _n.f._, vinegar manufactory. =vinaigrette=, _n.f._, vinegar sauce; meat seasoned with vinegar; Bath chair, hand-chair. =vinaigrier=, _n.m._, vinegar merchant; vinegar cruet; (bot.) sumac tree. =vinaire=, _adj._, for wine. _Vaisseaux —s_; wine-vessels, wine-casks. =vinasse=, _n.f._, very weak wine. =vindas= (-dâs), _n.m._, (tech.) windlass. =vindicati-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, vindictive, revengeful. =vindicte=, _n.f._, (jur.) prosecution (of crime). _La — publique_; prosecution (by the public prosecutor). _À la — publique_; held up to public reprobation. =vinée=, _n.f._, crop of wine, vintage. =viner=, _v.a._, to put alcohol into wine. =vinetier= (vi-n-tié) _or_ =vinettier= (-nè-tié), _n.m._, barberry-tree. =vineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, vinous; winy, wine-colored. =vingt= (vīn), _n.m._ and _adj._, twenty, score; twentieth. _Quatre-vingts hommes_; eighty men. _Quatre-vingt-six bœufs_; eighty-six oxen. [_Vingt_ takes an _s_ when preceded and multiplied by another number, but remains invariable when it is followed by another number.] =vingtaine= (vin-tè-n), _n.f._, a score, about twenty. =vingt et un=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) vingt-et-un (card game). =vingtième= (vin-ti-èm), _n.m._ and _adj._, twentieth. =vinicole=, _adj._, wine-growing, wine-producing. =vinification=, _n.f._, wine-making. =viol=, _n.m._, rape, violation; indecent assault. =violacé=, =-e=, _adj._, violaceous; (med.) purple. =violacées= _or_ =violariées=, _n.f.pl._, (bot.) violaceæ. =violat=, _adj._, of violets. =violat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, violator, infringer, breaker, transgressor. _adj._, violating, transgressing, infringing. =violation=, _n.f._, violation, transgression, breach, infringement. =violâtre=, _adj._, inclining to a violet color, purplish. =viole=, _n.f._, (mus.) tenor-violin; viol. =violement= (viol-mān), _n.m._, (l.u.) violation; (old) infringement, infraction; rape. =violemment= (-la-mān), _adv._, violently, with violence. =violence=, _n.f._, violence; (jur.) force, stress. _Faire — à quelqu’un_; to offer violence to any one. =violent=, =-e=, _adj._, violent; strong (of suspicion); (fig.) too bad. _C’est par trop —_; it is really too bad. _Douleur —e_; violent pain. _Mort —e_; violent death. =violenter=, _v.a._, to force, to offer violence to; to compel, to constrain; to ill-use. =violer=, _v.a._, to violate, to ravish; to break, to infringe, to transgress. _— sa foi_; to break one’s faith. _— le droit des gens_; to break the law of nations. =violet=, _n.m._, violet-color. =violet=, =-e=, _adj._, violet-colored. =violette=, _n.f._, (bot.) violet. _— tricolore_; heart’s-ease, pansy. _— de la chandeleur_; snow-drop. _— marine_; Canterbury-bell. =violeur=, _n.m._, violator, ravisher. =violier=, _n.m._, wall-flower, gilly-flower. _— des jardins_; stock. =violiste=, _n.m._, violist. =violon=, _n.m._, violin, fiddle; violinist, violin-player, fiddler; cell, round-house, lock-up (prison). _Mettre quelqu’un au —_; to put any one in quod. _Il a payé les —s_; he paid the piper. _Jouer du —_; to play on the violin. =violoncelle=, _n.m._, violoncello. =violoncelliste=, _n.m._, violoncellist. =violoniste=, _n.m.f._, violinist. =viorne=, _n.f._, (bot.) viburnum. =vipère=, _n.f._, viper, adder. =vipereau=, _n.m._, young viper. =vipérin=, =-e= (-rīn, -ri-n), _adj._, viperine. =vipérine= (-ri-n), _n.f._, (bot.) viper’s-bugloss. =virago=, _n.f._, virago, catamaran. =virée=, _n.f._, veering. =virelai=, _n.m._, virelay (ancient French poem on two rhymes). =virement= (vir-mān), _n.m._, turning; (nav.) veering, tacking about; (fin.) clearing. _— d’eau_; (nav.) turn of the tide. =virer=, _v.n._ and _a._, to turn, to turn about; (nav.) to tack; to heave. _— de bord_; (nav.) to tack about, to put about; (fig.) to change sides, to turn round, to rat. _Vire!_ ’bout ship! =vireur=, _n.m._, turning-gear; (phot.) toning. =vireu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, poisonous, noxious, fetid, nauseous. =virevau= _or_ =vireveau= (vir-vô), _n.m._, (nav.) winch. =virevaude=, _n.f._ _V._ =vire-vire=. =virevent= (vir-vān), _n.m._, (orni.) kingfisher. =vire vire=, _n.f._, (_—_) (nav.) whirlpool. =virevolte=, _n.f._, (man.) volt right and left, quick turning. ☉=virevousse= _or_ =virevouste=, _n.f._, bustle; (fig.) prevarication, shuffling, shifting. =virginal=, =-e=, _adj._, virginal, maidenly. =virginalement=, _adv._, maidenly, in a maiden-like manner. =virginité=, _n.f._, virginity, maidenhead. =virgouleuse=, _n.f._, a sort of winter pear. =virgule=, _n.f._, (gram.) comma; (horl.) hook escapement. _Point et —_; semicolon. =viril=, =-e=, _adj._, male, virile, manly. _Age —_; manhood, man’s estate. =virilement= (-ril-mān), _adv._, manfully, manly, like a man. =virilité=, _n.f._, virility, manhood, man’s estate, vigor, force. =virole=, _n.f._, ferrule. =virolé=, =-e=, _adj._, (her.) virole. =viroler=, _v.a._, to ferrule, to hoop. =virtualité=, _n.f._, virtuality, potentiality. =virtuel=, =-le=, _adj._, virtual, potential. =virtuellement= (-èl-mān), _adv._, virtually, potentially. =virtuose=, _n.m.f._, virtuoso. =virulence=, _n.f._, virulence, virulency. =virulent=, =-e=, _adj._, virulent. =virus= (-rus), _n.m._, virus. =vis= (vis), _n.f._, screw. _Escalier à —_; winding, corkscrew staircase. =visa=, _n.m._, (_—_) visa, signature, indorsement (on passports). =visage=, _n.m._, face, visage; countenance, aspect, look, air. _— pâle_; pale face. _À deux —s_; double-faced. _À — découvert_; openly, bare-facedly. _Avoir bon —_; to look well. _Faire bon_, or _mauvais_, _— à quelqu’un_; to look pleasantly, _or_ unpleasantly, at any one; to give any one a good, _or_ bad, reception. _Se composer le —_; to compose one’s countenance. _Changer de —_; to change countenance; to turn pale; to have one’s face at command. _Trouver — de bois_; to find the door shut, to find nobody there. =vis-à-vis=, _adv._, opposite, in juxtaposition. =vis-à-vis= (vi-za-vî), _n.m._, (_—_) vis-a-vis (in dancing); vis-a-vis (carriage); opposite neighbor (at table). =vis-à-vis=, _prep._, opposite, over against, over the way; towards, relatively. _— de l’église_; opposite the church. =viscéral=, =-e= (vis-sé-), _adj._, visceral. =viscère= (vis-sèr), _n.f._, (anat.) viscus. _pl._, viscera, vital organs. =viscosité=, _n.f._, viscosity, viscidity, viscousness; clamminess. =visée=, _n.f._, aim; end; design, plan, scheme. =viser=, _v.n._, to aim, to take aim; to aspire (to), to endeavor. _Il visait à ce but_; that was his goal. =viser=, _v.a._, to aim, to aim (at), to take aim (at); to drive (at); to countersign, to indorse (passports). _Faire — un passeport_; to get a passport countersigned, _or_ indorsed. =viseur=, _n.m._, aimer. =vishnou= (vis-noo), _n.m._, Vishnu (name of one of the Hindoo deities). =visibilité=, _n.f._, visibility, visibleness, obviousness. =visible=, _adj._, visible, evident, manifest, obvious. =visiblement=, _adv._, visibly, evidently, manifestly, obviously. =visière=, _n.f._, visor (of a helmet); foresight (of fire-arms); shade (for the eyes); peak (of caps, etc.); (fam.) eyesight. _Rompre en — à quelqu’un_; to break one’s lance in the visor of one’s adversary; (fig.) to attack any one to his face; to break off with, to fall out with. _Elle lui a donné dans la —_; he was smitten with her. =visigoth= (-gô), _n.m._, Visigoth; barbarian, Goth. =vision=, _n.f._, vision, sight, phantom, chimera, fancy. =visionnaire=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, a visionary, a dreamer; visionary, fanciful. =visir=, _n.m._ _V._ =vizir=. =visirat=, _n.m._ _V._ =vizirat=. =visitandine=, _n.f._, Visitandine (nun). =visitation=, _n.f._, visitation. _L’ordre de la —_; the Order of the Visitation. =visite=, _n.f._, visit; call; visiting; visitation; examination, inspection, search. _Aller en —_; to go visiting. _En —_; visiting, on a visit; as a visitor. _Faire —_, _rendre —_, _à quelqu’un_; to make a call upon any one, to pay any one a visit. _Rendre sa — à quelqu’un_; to return any one his, _or_ her, call. _Faire la — des caves_; to search the cellars. _Droit de —_; right of search. _Faire la — des bagages_; to examine baggage. =visiter=, _v.a._ and _n._, to visit; to make a visit, a visitation; to search, to examine, to inspect, to look. _— un vaisseau_; to search a ship. =visiteu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, visitor; searcher. =vison=, _n.m._, American marten. =vison-visu=, _adv._, opposite one another. =visorium= (-om), _n.m._, (print.) copy-holder, catch, jigger. =visqueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, viscous, slimy, clammy, sticky. =vissage=, _n.m._, screwing. =visser=, _v.a._, to screw; to screw on; to screw up; to screw down. _se_ =visser=, _v.r._, to screw; to screw on; to screw up; to screw down; to be screwed. =visserie=, _n.f._, screws. =visu= (=de=), _adv._, with one’s own eyes. =visuel=, =-le=, _adj._, visual. =vital=, =-e=, _adj._, vital, essential. =vitalement= (-tal-mān), _adv._, vitally; essentially. =vitalisme=, _n.m._, doctrine of the _vitalists_. =vitaliste=, _n.m._, vitalist. =vitalité=, _n.f._, vitality. =vitchoura=, _n.m._, (_—s_) fur greatcoat. =vite=, _adj._, swift, quick, fleet, speedy, rapid. _Pouls —_; quick pulse. _— comme le vent_; as fleet as the wind. =vite=, _adv._, quick, quickly, fast, speedily; rapidly; expeditiously. _Allez —_; go quickly. _Aller — en besogne_; to be quick at work; (fig.) not to mince matters. _—!_ quick! _—! —!_ quick! make haste! look sharp. _Au plus —_; as fast as possible; that instant, that very moment. _Faire —_; to be quick, to make haste, to expedite matters. _Allons! plus — que ça_; come! hurry up! look sharp about it! =vitelotte= (vi-tlot), _n.f._, kidney potato. =vitement= (vil-mān), _adv._, quickly, speedily. =vitesse=, _n.f._, swiftness, speed, celerity, quickness, rapidity. _À la — de_; at a speed of, at the rate of. _Gagner quelqu’un de —_; to outstrip, to outrun, any one. _À grande —_; at full speed. _À toute —_; at full speed. _Train de grande —_; (railways) express, express train. _Train de petite —_; goods train, slow train. =vitex=, _n.m._, (bot.) vitex, chaste-tree. =viticole=, _adj._, relating, pertaining to vine culture, wine-growing. =viticulture=, _n.f._, vine-culture; viticulture. =vitonnière=, _n.f._, (nav.) timber-hole. =vitrage=, _n.m._, glazing; glass windows; glass partition. =vitrail=, _n.m._, stained glass window, church-window. =vitre=, _n.f._, window-glass _or_ pane; pane of glass; window. _Carreau de —_; pane of glass. _Casser les —s_; to break the windows; (fig.) to speak boldly, to speak out one’s mind, not to mince matters. =vitré=, =-e=, _adj._, glazed; (of doors) glass; (anat.) vitreous. _Porte —e_; glass door. =vitrer=, _v.a._, to furnish with glass windows, to glaze. =vitrerie=, _n.f._, glaziery, glazier’s work. =vitrescibilité=, _n.f._, vitrescence. =vitrescible=, _adj._, vitrescible. =vitreu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, vitreous, glassy. =vitri-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, glazier; glazier’s wife. =vitrifiable=, _adj._, vitrifiable. =vitrification=, _n.f._, vitrification. =vitrifier=, _v.a._, to vitrify. _se_ =vitrifier=, _v.r._, to vitrify. =vitrine=, _n.f._, shop-window; show-case; glass case (in museums, etc.). =vitriol=, _n.m._, vitriol. =vitriolé=, =-e=, _adj._, vitriolated. =vitriolique=, _adj._, vitriolic. =vitriolisation=, _n.f._, vitriolation. =vitupérer=, _v.a._, to vituperate, to reprimand. =vivable=, _adj._, (fam.) sociable, pleasant to live with. =vivace=, _adj._, long-lived, perennial; inveterate, deep-rooted. _Plantes —s_; perennial plants, perennials. =vivacité=, _n.f._, vivacity, vivaciousness, liveliness, sprightliness, briskness; spirit, life, animation; ardor, vividness, brightness. =vivandi-er=, _n.m._, =-ère=, _n.f._, sutler, canteen-man _or_ woman. =vivant=, =-e=, _adj._, living, alive; quick, animate, animated. _Langue —e_; living language. _Rue —e_; lively street. =vivant=, _n.m._, person living, person alive; determined character; life, lifetime. _De son —_; in his lifetime. _Du — de son frère_; when his brother was alive. _Un bon —_; a jolly, _or_ boon, companion; a high liver. =vivat= (-vat), _int._, hurrah! huzza! _Pousser des —_; to cheer to the echo. =vivat= (-vat), _n.m._, (_—s_) hurra, huzza. _Crier —_; to cheer, to hurra. =vive=, _n.f._, (ich.) viver, weever. ☉=vive-la-joie=, _n.m._, (_—_) jolly, boon companion. =vivelle=, _n.f._, darn, darning; gusset. =vivement= (viv-mān), _adv._, quickly, briskly, sharply, smartly, vigorously, eagerly, keenly, deeply; angrily; poignantly; acutely; spiritedly; with animation. =viveur=, _n.m._, high liver, free liver, fast man, man about town. =vivier=, _n.m._, fish-pond. =vivifiant=, =-e=, _adj._, vivifying, quickening, strengthening, recuperating, refreshing; invigorating, life-giving. =vivification=, _n.f._, vivification, vivifying; revival. =vivifier=, _v.a._, to vivify, to quicken; to give life to, to enliven, to animate, to refresh, to revive. =vivifique=, _adj._, (l.u.) vivifying, life-giving. _V._ =vivifiant=. =vivipare=, _adj._, viviparous. =vivisecter=, _v.a._, to vivisect. =vivisecteur=, _n.m._, vivisector. =vivisection=, _n.f._, vivisection. =vivoter=, _v.n._, to live poorly; to live from hand to mouth, to make shift to live, to rub along; to keep body and soul together. =vivre= (vivant, vécu), _v.n._, to live, to be living, to be alive; to exist, to subsist, to be maintained, to board, to take one’s meals at; to behave. _Il vit mal_; he lives badly. _Il vit mal avec son frère_; he is on bad terms with his brother. _Il vit aux dépens d’autrui_; he lives at other people’s expense. _Bien —_; to live a good life. _— bien_; to live well (to have abundance of everything). _Il fait cher — à Londres_; living is dear in London. _Faire —_; to feed, to keep alive, to maintain. _— de son travail_; to live by one’s labor. _— d’industrie_, _— d’invention_; (b.s.) to live by one’s wits. _— d’espérance_; to live in hopes. _Il faut que tout le monde vive_; everybody must live. _— dans les sapes_; (Saint-Simon) to be mixed up in underhand intrigues. _— en prince_; to live like a prince. _Savoir —_; to be a person of good manners, of good breeding. _Il ne sait pas —_; he has no manners. _Apprendre à —_; to learn, _or_ to teach, manners. _Vive le roi!_ long live the king! _Vive!_ hurrah for! _Ne pas trouver âme qui vive_; not to find a soul at home. _Qui vivra verra_; he who lives longest will see most. _Il fait bon — ici_; this is a good place to live in. _Vivent les ministres!_ long live the ministers! =vivre=, _n.m._, living, board, food. _pl._, provisions, victuals. _Couper les —s à quelqu’un_; to cut off any one’s supplies. _Agents des —s_; (nav.) agent-victualer. _Bureau des —s_; victualing-office. =vivres-pain=, _n.m.pl._, (n.s.) (milit., nav.) bread-store. =vivres-viande=, _n.m.pl._, (n.s.) (milit., nav.) meat-store. =vivrier=, _n.m._, victualer. =vizir=, _n.m._, vizier. =vizirat= _or_ =viziriat=, _n.m._, vizierate, viziership. =vocable=, _n.m._, vocable, word, term, name. =vocabulaire=, _n.m._, vocabulary. =vocabuliste=, _n.m._, (l.u.) author of a vocabulary. =vocal=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, (ecc.) vocal (voter). =vocal=, =-e=, _adj._, vocal. =vocalement= (-kal-mān), _adv._, (l.u.) vocally, orally. =vocalisation=, _n.f._, vocalization. =vocalise=, _n.f._, piece of music for exercising the voice. =vocaliser=, _v.n._, (mus.) to vocalize. =vocatif=, _n.m._, (gram.) vocative, vocative case. =vocation=, _n.f._, vocation, calling, call; inclination; destination, talent. _Suivre sa —_; to follow one’s vocation, one’s bent. =vociférat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, clamorer, brawler, _adj._, clamoring, brawling, roaring. =vociférations=, _n.f.pl._, vociferations. =vociférer=, _v.a._ and _n._, to vociferate, to cry out, to roar. =vœu=, _n.m._, vow; votive offering; vote, suffrage; prayer, wish, will, desire, _pl._, vows (religious ceremony). _Faire — de jeûner_; to make a vow of abstinence. _Faire des —x pour quelqu’un_; to offer up prayers for any one, to wish any one success. _Être au comble de ses —x_; to have reached the summit of one’s happiness. =vogue= (vog), _n.f._, (nav.) rowing, sailing, going; (fig.) vogue, fashion, credit, repute, reputation. _Avoir de la —_; to be in vogue, in fashion. _Mettre en —_; to bring into vogue, into fashion. _Succès de —_; temporary success. =vogue-avant=, _n.m._, bow-oarsman, bow. =voguer= (-ghé), _v.n._, (nav.) to impel a boat (by rowing); to ride, to sail; to row (l.u.). _V._ =ramer=, =nager=. _Vogue la galère!_ come what may! ☉=vogueur= (-gheur), _n.m._, rower; cork-bladder. =voici=, _prep._, see here, behold, here is, here are, here come, this is, these are. _— mon livre, voilà le vôtre_; here is my book, there is yours. _En — bien d’une autre_; this is still more singular. _Me —, le voilà_; here I am, there he is, here he comes. _Monsieur que —_; this gentleman. _Le — qui vient_; here he comes. _Nous y —_; here we are. _— venir votre frère_; here comes your brother. _— venir le printemps_; spring is coming, is at hand, is near. =voie=, _n.f._, way, road, track; path, organ, medium, channel; course, breadth (between the wheels of carriages); (hunt.) track (of deer, boars); conveyance, means of conveyance; load (of wood, stone, sand); means; (nav.) leak; (railways) gauge, permanent way, four-foot way; (chem.) process. _Il est toujours par — et par chemin_; he is always rambling about, always on the move. _La — lactée_; the Milky Way. _— d’eau_; two pailfuls of water; (nav.) leak. _Faire une — d’eau_; (nav.) to spring a leak. _Boucher une — d’eau_; to stop a leak. _—s de fait_; (jur.) assault, blows. _En venir aux —s de fait_; to come to blows. _— ferrée_; railway, railroad. _Les affaires sont en — de hausse_; things are looking up. _Être sur la —_; to be on the track, on the scent. _Être en — de_; to be in a fair way (of). _— de garage_, _— d’évitement_; (railways) siding, shunting-line. =voilà=, _prep._, see there, behold, that is, those are, there is, there are. _— l’homme_; that is the man. _Le —_; there he is. _Ah! vous —_; oh! there you are. _— qui va bien_; that is getting on well now, that’s all right now, that’s capital. _Le — qui arrive_; there he comes. _— qu’on m’appelle_; I am called, some one is calling me. _Comme la — triste!_ how sad she is! _Comme vous — fait!_ what a strange figure you cut! what a plight you are in! _— ce que c’est_; that is what it is. _— tout_; that is all. _En — assez_; that is enough. _En —-t-il!_ what a lot there is! _En — pour!_ that will do for. _— comme vous êtes_; that is just like you. _— comme je suis_; you must take me as I am, I’m that sort of man. _Ne —-t-il pas que ..._; why, I declare it is ... _or_ lo! and behold! it is ... _Comme le — sale!_ see how dirty he is. _— près d’un an_; it is now nearly a year. _— une heure qu’il parle_; he has been speaking for an hour. _Ne —-t-il pas qu’il pleut_; well! I declare, it is raining. =voile=, _n.m._, vail; cover, mask, disguise; cloak, color, show, pretense. _Avoir un — devant les yeux_; to have a mist before one’s eyes. =voile=, _n.f._, (nav.) sail; (fig.) sail, ship. _La — de misaine_; the foresail. _La — d’artimon_; the mizzen. _— de fortune_; lug sail. _Faire force de —s_; to crowd all sail. _Aller à —s et à rames_; to go with sails and oars. _Déployer les —s_; to unfurl the sails. _À pleines —s_ or _à toutes —s_; (nav.) with full sail, all sails set; at full speed; (fig.) willingly, heartily. _Faire —_; to sail. _Caler la —_; to strike sail. _Mettre à la —_; to set sail. _À la —_; under sail, sailing. =voilé=, =-e=, _adj._, (nav.) provided with sails, rigged; (fig.) veiled, dull, dim, soft, gentle. _Peu —_; broad (of hints or language). =voiler=, _v.a._, to veil, to cover; to cloak, to color, to blind, to disguise, to conceal, to muffle. _se_ =voiler=, _v.r._, to wear a veil; to be veiled, concealed, covered, muffled. =voilerie= (voal-rî), _n.f._, (nav.) sail-loft; sail-making. =voilier=, _n.m._, sail-maker; sailer (ship). _Un bon —_; a fast sailer (ship). =voilure=, _n.f._, set of sails; trim of the sails. =voir= (voyant, vu), _v.a._, to see; to look at, to behold, to observe, to view; to witness; to inspect, to superintend; to overlook; to keep company with; to be on visiting terms with, to frequent the society of. _Je l’ai vu de mes propres yeux_; I have seen it with my own eyes. _Il veut tout — par lui-même_; he insists on seeing everything with his own eyes, _or_ for himself. _Que vois-je?_ what do I see? _— quelque chose en songe_; to see anything in a dream. _— le jour_; to be born, to see the light of day. _Faire —_; to show, to let see. _On n’a jamais rien vu de pareil_; the like was never seen before. _Vit-on jamais rien d’égal?_ was anything like it ever seen? _Voyez ce tableau_; look at that picture. _Faire — du pays à quelqu’un_; to lead any one a dance. _— tout en beau_; to see the bright side of anything. _Il ne voit personne_; he sees no company. _Se faire —_; to appear, to show one’s self. _Je vous vois venir_; I see what you are driving at. _se_ =voir=, _v.r._, to see one’s self; to see one another; to visit one another; to be, _or_ to find, one’s self. _Ils ne se voient point_; they do not visit one another, they are not on visiting terms. =voir=, _v.n._, to see; to have one’s sight; to superintend; to inspect, to look, to look out. _Je vois bien quelle est son intention_; I see plainly what he is driving at. _Je ne vois point à quoi cela peut servir_; I don’t see what purpose that can serve. _Je lui ferai bien — à qui il s’adresse_; I’ll show him what sort of a person he has to deal with. _— clair_; to see clearly. _Y — trouble_; to see dimly. _Au vu et au su de tout le monde_; openly, before every one. _Ceci est à —_; it remains to be seen. _— de loin_; to be far-sighted. _N’y — goutte_; not to see a bit, not to see a wink, not to see in the least. _Voyons!_ let us see! come! now then! _Ma maison voit sur un jardin_; my house looks out into a garden. =voire=, _adv._, even; ☉indeed, truly. _— même_; nay even. =voirie=, _n.f._, commission of public ways or highways; common sewer, carrion, offal. =voisin=, =-e=, _adj._, neighboring, bordering, adjacent, next; next door. _La maison —e_; the next house. _Être — de sa ruine_; (fig.) to be on the verge of ruin. =voisin=, _n.m._, =-e=, _n.f._, neighbor. _Être —s_; to be next-door neighbors. =voisinage=, _n.m._, neighborhood; vicinity; proximity, nearness; neighbors; (jur.) venue, visne. =voisiner=, _v.n._, to visit one’s neighbors; to go a neighboring. =voiturage=, _n.m._, conveying, transporting, carriage of goods (in cars, carts, vans, etc.). =voiture=, _n.f._, carriage; coach; conveyance, vehicle; fare; load. _— publique_; stage-coach. _— à deux chevaux_; coach, or carriage, and pair. _— de maître_; private carriage. _— d’arrosement_; watering cart. _— à bagages_; luggage van. _Station de —_; cab-rank. _— de louage_; hired carriage. _— de place_; cab, hackney-carriage. _— de remise_; fly, hired carriage. _Bureau de la —_; coach-office. _Place de —s_; cab-stand. _Descendre de —_; to alight from a carriage. _Se promener en —_, _aller en —_; to ride in a carriage, to drive. =voiturer=, _v.a._, to carry, to convey, to transport, to cart. =voiturier=, _n.m._, carrier; wagoner; driver. _V._ =roulier=. =voiturin=, _n.m._, driver (owner of a carriage usually lent on hire); the carriage so hired. =voix=, _n.f._, voice, tone, sound; vote, suffrage; opinion, judgment; singer. _— grêle_; faint voice. _— de tête_; falsetto, head-note. _Faire la petite —_; to speak small. _— aiguë_; shrill voice. _De vive —_; by word of mouth, orally. _À — basse_; in a low voice, in an undertone, in a whisper. _À haute —_; in a loud voice, loudly, audibly. _Aller aux —_; to put to the vote, to divide. _Donner sa —_; to give one’s vote. _Mettre aux —_; to put to the vote. _Aux —!_ vote! divide! _À l’unanimité des —_; without a dissentient voice. _D’une seule_, or _d’une commune_, _—_; with one voice, unanimously. =vol=, _n.m._, robbery, theft, robbing, extortion, fleecing; larceny; stolen goods. _— de nuit avec effraction_; burglary. _— de grand chemin_; highway robbery. _On l’a trouvé saisi du —_; they found the stolen goods upon him. =vol=, _n.m._, flying; flight, soaring; flock; cast (of hawks). _Prendre un — trop haut_; to soar too high. _Prendre son —_; to soar, to take one’s flight, _or_ its flight. _À — d’oiseau_; as the crow flies. _Au —_; flying, on the wing. =volable=, _adj._, liable to be stolen. =volage=, _adj._, fickle, volatile, inconstant, unsteady, flighty. _La jeunesse est —_; youth is inconstant, flighty. *=volaille=, _n.f._, poultry, fowl. _Marchand de —_; poulterer. *=volailler=, _n.m._, poulterer; poultry-yard. =volant=, =-e=, _adj._, flying, loose, floating, volatile; movable, portable (of paper), loose; (nav.) traveling; (paint.) floating (of drapery). _Assiettes —es_; extras, extra dishes. =volant=, _n.m._, shuttle-cock; flounce (of a dress); fly-wheel (of machinery); sail (of a windmill). _Jouer au —_; to play at battle-door and shuttle-cock. =volatil=, =-e=, _adj._, volatile; airy, light. =volatile=, _n.m.f._, and _adj._, winged animal; winged. =volatilisation=, _n.f._, volatilization. =volatiliser=, _v.a._, to volatilize. _se_ =volatiliser=, _v.r._, to volatilize, to become volatilized. =volatilité=, _n.f._, volatility, volatileness. *=volatille=, _n.f._, (fam.) small birds for the table. =vol-au-vent=, _n.m._, (_—_) (cook.) vol-au-vent, puff-paste. =volcan=, _n.m._, volcano. =volcanique=, _adj._, volcanic. =volcanisé=, =-e=, _adj._, vulcanized. =volcanite=, _n.m._, vulcanite. =vole=, _n.f._, vole (at cards). =volée=, _n.f._, flight (of birds); flock; covey, bevy, brood; rank; discharge (of one gun); volley (of guns); shower (of blows); peal (of bells); swing-tree, splinter-bar _or_ bar (of a coach); drubbing, thrashing. _Il a pris sa —_; he has taken wings. _Tirer à toute —_; to fire a random shot. _Sonner à toute —_; to ring a full peal. _À toute —_; (of bells) in full and furious swing. _Une — de coups de bâton_; a shower of blows. _Être de la première —_; to be of the first water, of high rank; tip-top, crack, swell. _Haute —_; high rank, high class, society, aristocracy. _Donner une — à quelqu’un_; to give any one a drubbing. _À la —_; flying, in the air; (fig.) at random, rashly, unthinkingly. _Entre bond et —_; at a lucky moment. =voler=, _v.n._, to fly, to fly about, to take wings, to soar, to be upon the wing. _Le temps vole_; time flies. _— en éclats_; to fly into pieces. _Entendre — une mouche_; to hear a pin drop. =voler=, _v.a._, (hawking) to chase; to fly at, to fly. =voler=, _v.a._, to steal, to rob, to fleece; to plunder; to take away, to usurp. _— la bourse de quelqu’un_; to steal any one’s purse. _— de l’argent_; to steal money. _Ne l’avoir pas volé_; to have richly deserved it, to have well earned it; to have got one’s deserts. =voler=, _v.n._, to steal, to rob. _— sur le grand chemin_; to rob on the highway. ☉=volereau= (vol-rô), _n.m._, petty thief, pilferer. =volerie= (vol-rî), _n.f._, robbery; robbing, pilfering; (falconry) flying. =volet=, _n.m._, shutter, window-shutter; pigeon-house; dove-cot; ledge (of a pigeon-house), sorting-board (for seeds); (bot.) water-lily; (nav.) boat-compass. =voleter= (vol-té), _v.n._, to flutter, to hover, to flicker. =volette=, _n.f._, small hurdle, fly-net (for a horse). =voleu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, thief, robber, stealer, extortioner, fleecer. _— de grand chemin_; highwayman, foot-pad. _Au —!_ stop thief! _Crier au —_; to cry out, stop thief! _Quand les —s se battent, les larcins se découvrent_; when thieves fall out, honest men get their own. _Être fait comme un —_; to be in tatters. =volière=, _n.f._, aviary, pigeon-house, large bird-cage. =volige=, _n.f._, (carp.) scantling, batten. =volition=, _n.f._, volition. =volontaire=, _n.m.f._ and _adj._, obstinate, headstrong person; voluntary; intended, intentional; spontaneous; obstinate, willful, heady, headstrong. =volontaire=, _n.m._, volunteer. =volontairement= (-tèr-mān), _adv._, voluntarily, willingly, willfully, intentionally, spontaneously. =volontariat=, _n.m._, (milit.) condition of the volunteer; volunteering. =volonté=, _n.f._, will, mind, pleasure, intention, way. _pl._, whims, fancies, caprices. _La bonne — est réputée pour le fait_; the will is as good as the deed. _Tout plie sous sa —_; everything yields to his will. _Il aime à faire ses —s_; he likes to have his own way. _Dernières —s_; last will and testament. _Bonne —_; good-will, readiness, willingness. _Avoir de la bonne —_; to be willing. _Mauvaise —_; ill-will, unwillingness. _À —_; at pleasure, at will. =volontiers= (-tié), _adv._, willingly, readily, gladly, with pleasure. =volsque=, _n.m.f._, and _adj._, Volscian. =voltaïque=, _adj._, voltaic. _Pile —_; voltaic pile. =voltairien=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, voltairian (a follower of Voltaire). =voltaïsme=, _n.m._, voltaism. =volte=, _n.f._, (fenc., man.) volt. =volte-face=, _n.f._, (_—_) turning of the head, turning round. _—!_ face about! _Faire —_; (milit.) to face about; (fig.) to turn completely round, to rat. =volter=, _v.n._, (fenc.) to make a volt. =voltige=, _n.f._, slack-rope; dancing on the slack-rope; tumbling; (man.) vaulting. =voltigeant=, =-e= (-jan,-t), _adj._, fluttering, hovering. =voltigement= (-tij-mān), _n.m._, tumbling; hovering, flying, fluttering, flutter; vaulting on a slack-rope. =voltiger=, _v.n._, to flutter, to fly about, to hover; to vault on a slack rope, _or_ on a horse; to tumble. =voltigeur=, _n.m._, vaulter, voltigeur, tumbler, leaper; (milit.) footsoldier. _pl._, riflemen, light infantry. =volubile=, _adj._, (bot.) volubile, volubilate, voluble. =volubilis=, _n.m._, (bot.) convolvulus. =volubilité=, _n.f._, volubility, rapidity, fluency. _— de langue_; volubility. =voluble=, _adj._, (bot.) volubile, volubilate; voluble, fluent, quick (of speech). =volume=, _n.m._, volume; bulk, size, mass; compass (of the voice). =volumineu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, voluminous, bulky, large, considerable. =volupté=, _n.f._, voluptuousness; pleasure, delight, luxury. _Il y a de la — à boire quand on a soif_; it is a luxury to drink when one is thirsty. =voluptuaire=, _n.m._, _adj._, voluptuary; luxurious; (jur.) of expenses on ornamental repairs. =voluptueusement= (-eûz-mān), _adv._, voluptuously. =voluptueu-x=, =-se=, _n._ and _adj._, voluptuary, epicure; voluptuous, sensual. =volute=, _n.f._, (arch.) volute, scroll; (conch.) voluta. =voluté=, =-e=, _adj._, voluted, scrolled. =voluter=, _v.a._, to wind silk thread; (arch.) to make volutes, to scroll. =volva= _or_ =volve=, _n.f._, (bot.) volva, wrapper. =volvé=, =-e=, _adj._, (bot.) having a volva. ☉=volvulus= (-lus), _n.m._, (med.) ileus, (bot.) convolvulus. =vomer= (vomèr), _n.m._, (anat.) os vomer. =vomique=, _n.f._, (med.) vomica. =vomique=, _adj._, vomic. _Noix —_; vomic-nut; nux vomica. =vomiquier=, _n.m._, (bot.) strychnos nux vomica, nux vomica tree. =vomir=, _v.a._ and _n._, to vomit, to bring up, to throw up; to belch out, to cast up, to vomit forth. _Avoir envie de —_; to feel sick. _Faire des efforts pour —_; to retch. _— de la flamme_; to belch out flame. =vomissement= (-mis-mān), _n.m._, vomiting, sickness. =vomiti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, vomitive. =vomitif=, _n.m._, vomit, emetic. =vomitoire=, _n.m._, (med.) ☉emetic; (arch.) vomitory (large doors). =vorace=, _adj._, voracious, ravenous. =voracement= (-ras-mān), _adv._, voraciously, ravenously. =voracité=, _n.f._, voracity, ravenousness. =vos=, _possessive adj._ _pl._, your. _V._ =votre=. =votant=, _n.m._, voter. =votant=, =-e=, _adj._, voting, having a vote. =votation=, _n.f._, voting. =vote=, _n.m._, vote, voice, suffrage, poll, polling. _— à main levée_; show of hands. _— au scrutin_; ballot. _Adopté par un —_; carried. _Rejeté par un —_; lost, defeated. =voter=, _v.n._, to vote. =voter=, _v.a._, to vote. _— des remercîments à quelqu’un_; to pass a vote of thanks to any one. =voti-f=, =-ve=, _adj._, votive, votary. =votre=, _possessive adj._ _m.f._, =vos=, _pl._, your. _— serviteur_; your servant. Vos parents; your relations. _le_ =vôtre=, _possessive pron._ _m._, =la vôtre=, _f._, =les vôtres=, _pl.m.f._, yours. _Il a pris ses livres et les —s_; he has taken his books and yours. _le_ =vôtre=, _n.m._, your own, yours. _pl._, your relations, friends, etc.; your pranks, tricks. _Je suis des —s_; I am one of your party. _Être des —s_; to be one of you, to belong to your body; to form one of your party. _Vous avez fait des —s_; you have played one of your pranks. =vouer=, _v.a._, to vow, to devote, to dedicate, to consecrate, to doom. _se_ =vouer=, _v.r._, to dedicate one’s self, to apply one’s self (to), to devote one’s self (to). _Ne pas savoir à quel saint se —_; not to know which way to turn. =vouge=, _n.m._, boar-spear, bill-hook. =vouloir= (voulant, voulu), _v.a._, to will, to be willing, to be inclined, to have a fancy, to be pleased, to intend, to wish, to require; to consent; to resolve, to determine; to want; to try, to attempt, to endeavor; to admit, to grant. _Je le veux ainsi_; I will have it so. _Il veut que vous obéissiez_; he will have you obey. _Je ne veux pas_; I won’t, I don’t mean to. _Que voulez-vous?_ what do you want? what can I do for you? what can you expect? what was to be done? _Il ne sait ce qu’il veut_; he does not know his own mind. _Dieu le veut_; God wills it. _Dieu le veuille!_ God grant it! _Ce que femme veut, Dieu le veut_; a woman must have her way. _— c’est pouvoir_; where there’s a will, there’s a way. _Il veut que cela soit_; he will have it so. _— du bien à quelqu’un_; to wish any one well. _Je vous veux du bien_; I am your well-wisher. _Se faire bien_, _mal_, _— de_; to win any one’s regard, to get disliked by. _S’en — de_; to be angry with one’s self for having. _— du mal à quel-qu’un_; to wish any one harm. _Vous l’avez voulu!_ it is your own fault; you would have it. _En — à quelqu’un_; to bear any one ill-will, to owe any one a grudge. _Elle m’en veut du mal_; she bears me a grudge for it. _Il en voulait à l’argent_; he was after the money. _Il nous demanda ce que nous lui voulions_; he asked us what we wanted of him. _À qui en veut-il?_ of whom, of what, does he complain? _En veux-tu, en voilà_; as much as ever you like, heaps and heaps of. _Il y en avait à bouche en veux-tu_; there was enough and to spare; heaps of it. _Savoir ce que parler veut dire_; to take the hint; to understand the (hidden) meaning. _Que veut dire cet homme?_ what does that man mean? _Que veut dire cela?_ what does that mean? _or_ what is the meaning of this? _Que veut dire ce mot?_ what is the meaning of this word? _Si vous le voulez, il le voudra aussi_; if you consent to it, he will do so too. _Oui, je le veux bien_; yes, I consent to it, I am willing. _Je veux que vous sachiez_; I wish you to know. _Veuillez me dire_; please, _or_ kindly, tell me. _Je le veux bien_; with pleasure! I have no objection. _Veuillez agréer_; be pleased to accept. =vouloir=, _n.m._, will. _Bon —_; good-will. _Mauvais —_; ill-will. =voulu=, =-e=, _adj._, _part._, wished, wanted, desired; requisite, required; due, casual, received, accepted. =vous=, _personal pron._, you, ye. _— dites_; you say. _De — à moi_; between you and me. =vousseau= _or_ =voussoir=, _n.m._, (arch.) wedge, archstone, vault-stone. =voussure=, _n.f._, (arch.) curve, elevation of an arch, coving. =voûte=, _n.f._, vault, arch, canopy. _pl._, (of a horse-shoe) hollow, vaulting. _— surbaissée_; surbased vault. _La clef de —_; the keystone. _— imparfaite_; diminished arch. _— oblique_; skew arch. _— d’arête_; groined vault. _— de décharge_; relieving vault. _— acoustique_; whispering dome _or_ gallery. _La — du ciel_; the canopy of heaven. =voûter=, _v.a._, to vault, to arch. _— un fer à cheval_; to hollow a horseshoe. _se_ =voûter=, _v.r._, to arch, to vault; (pers.) to be bent, to stoop, to grow round-shouldered. =voyage=, _n.m._, voyage, journey, travel, trip. _pl._, travels. _— de long cours_; (nav.) long voyage, voyage in foreign parts. _— d’aller_; (nav.) outward voyage. _— de retour_; (nav.) return voyage. _Faire un —_; to travel, to take a journey. _Faire un petit —_; to go a short trip. _Bon —!_ pleasant journey to you! _Être en —_; to be traveling, to be abroad. _De —_; traveling. _En —_; traveling, journeying abroad. =voyager=, _v.n._, to travel, to voyage, to journey. _— à pied_; to travel on foot. _— à cheval_; to travel on horseback. =voyageu-r=, _n.m._, =-se=, _n.f._, traveler; passenger. _Commis —_; (com.) commercial traveler, traveler. _Oiseau —_; migratory bird. _Pigeon —_; carrier pigeon. =voyant=, =-e=, _adj._, gaudy, showy (of colors); person who can see, who is not blind. =voyant=, _n.m._, (Bibl.) seer, prophet. =voyelle=, _n.f._, (gram.) vowel. =voyer=, _n._ and _adj._ _m._, surveyor of roads, inspector of highways; relating, pertaining, to roads. =voyou=, _n.m._, (pop.) young blackguard, cad. =vrac=, =vrague=, _or_ =vraque=, _n.m._, (nav.) disorder. _En —_; pell-mell, unpacked, loose, in bulk. _Charger en —_; (nav.) to load with a loose cargo, _or_ cargo in bulk. =vrai=, =-e=, _adj._, true, real, right, genuine; proper; fit; regular, arrant; very. _Il est — que je l’ai dit_; it is true I said so. _Est-il — que vous l’ayez dit?_ is it true you said it? _Toujours est-il —_; it is nevertheless true. _Un — savant_; a thorough scholar. _Un — coquin_; an arrant knave. _Pas —!_ (fam.) isn’t it true! isn’t it a fact! =vrai=, _n.m._, truth. _À dire —_, _à — dire_; to speak the truth. _Cela sort du —_; that is going from the truth, that is out of character. _Au —_; in truth, truly. _Le — n’est pas toujours vraisemblable_; truth is stranger than fiction. =vrai=, _adv._, in truth, truly. =vraiment=, _adv._, truly, indeed; verily, in truth, forsooth! _Oui, —_; yes, indeed. =vraisemblable= (-san-), _n.m._ and _adj._, probability, likelihood; likely, probable. =vraisemblablement= (-san-), _adv._, likely, probably. =vraisemblance= (-san-), _n.f._, probability, likelihood. =vraque=, _n.m._ _V._ =vrac=. *=vrille=, _n.f._, gimlet; wimble, borer, piercer; (bot.) clasper, tendril. =vrillé=, =-e=, _adj._, _part._, bored; spiral; curled; (bot.) claspered. *=vriller=, _v.a._ and _n._, to bore, to make holes with a gimlet; (fig.) to ascend spirally (of fireworks). *=vrillerie=, _n.f._, gimlet-making. *=vrillier=, _n.m._, gimlet-maker. *=vrillon=, _n.m._, small wimble. =vu=, _prep._, seeing, considering. _— son âge_; considering his age. =vu=, _n.m._, sight, examination, inspection; (jur.) introductory part. _Au — et au su de tout le monde_; in the sight of the whole world, with the knowledge of everybody; openly. =vu que=, _conj._, seeing that, since. =vue=, _n.f._, sight, eyesight; eyes; view, survey, inspection, prospect; light, window; design. _Il a perdu la —_; he has lost his sight. _Avoir la — bonne_; to have good eyes. _Avoir la — courte_; to be short-sighted. _Avoir la — basse_; to be near-sighted. _Jeter la — sur un objet_; to cast one’s eye upon an object. _Baisser la —_; to look down. _Donner dans la —_; to strike upon the eyes, to catch one’s eye. _À perte de —_; farther than the eye can reach; out of sight; at random; far-fetched. _Des compliments à perte de —_; long-winded compliments. _Perdre de — une chose_; to lose sight of a thing. _À —_; at sight. _À — de pays_; by guess. _Garder un prisonnier à —_; not to let a prisoner out of sight. _À — d’œil_; by the eye, visibly. _Avoir la — sur quelqu’un_; to keep a watch over any one. _Avoir des —s sur_; to have designs upon. _Connaître de —_; to know by sight. _À dix jours de —_; ten days after sight. _Une — de côté_; a side view. _Un plan à — d’oiseau_; a bird’s-eye view. _Cette maison a une belle —_; that house has a fine view. _Son appartement a — sur la rivière_; his apartment looks out upon the river. _Dans la — de_; with a view of. _Il a de grandes —s_; he aims at great things, he aims high. _Je l’ai fait dans cette —_; I did it with that end in view. _Avoir une chose en —_; to have a thing in one’s eye, in view. =vulcain=, _n.m._, (myth.) Vulcan; (fig.) smith, blacksmith; (butterfly) red-admiral. =vulcanien=, =-ne= (-ni-in, -ni-è-n), _adj._, (geol.) plutonian, vulcanian. =vulcanisation=, _n.f._, vulcanization. =vulcanisé=, =-e=, _adj._, vulcanized. =vulcaniser=, _v.a._, to vulcanize. =vulgaire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, vulgar, common people; vulgar, common. _Le —_; the vulgar herd, the common run of people. =vulgairement= (-ghèr-mān), _adv._, vulgarly, commonly, generally. =vulgarisateur=, _n.m._, _adj._, vulgarizer (of knowledge); vulgarizing, popularizing. =vulgarisation=, _n.f._, vulgarization, diffusing (of knowledge). =vulgariser=, _v.a._, to vulgarize, to popularize. _se_ =vulgariser=, _v.r._, to be, to become vulgarized, popularized. =vulgarité=, _n.f._, vulgarity, commonness, triviality. =vulgate=, _n.f._, vulgate (Latin Bible). =vulgivague=, _adj._, prostituted. _Femme —_; prostitute. =vulnérabilité=, _n.f._, vulnerableness. =vulnérable=, _adj._, vulnerable. =vulnérablement=, _adv._, vulnerably. =vulnéraire=, _n.m._ and _adj._, (pharm.) vulnerary. =vulnéraire=, _n.f._, (bot.) kidney-vetch, wound-wort. =vulnérant=, =-e=, _adj._, wounding. =vulnération=, _n.f._, wounding, wounds. =vulpin=, _n.m._, (bot.) foxtail (grass). =vulpin=, =-e=, _adj._, vulpine, fox-like. =vultueu-x=, =-se=, _adj._, (med.) flushed (of the face). =vulve=, _n.f._, (anat.) vulva. W =w= (double vé), _n.m._, (this letter does not belong to the French alphabet, and is used in foreign words only), w. =wacke=, _n.m._, (min.) wacke. =wagon= (va-gon), _n.m._, wagon, truck, van, railway carriage. _— écurie_; (rail.) horse-box. _— étable_; cattle-truck. _— frein_; brake-van. _— lit_; sleeping-car. _— poste_; mail carriage. _En —!_ take your seats! _— restaurant_; dining car. _— salon_; Pullman car. =walhalla=, _n.m._, (_n.p._) Odin’s paradise. =walkyrie=, _n.f._ (_—s_). _V._ =valkyrie=. =wallon=, _n.m._, =-ne=, _n.f._, Walloon. =wallon=, _n.m._, Walloon (language). =warrant=, _n.m._, warrant. =warranter=, _v.a._, (com.) to warrant, to certify. =watergang= _or_ =watregan=, _n.m._, small canal; ditch (in Flanders). =wesleyen=, =-ne=, _adj._, Wesleyan. =whig= (ooig), _n.m._, Whig. =whiggisme=, _n.m._, Whiggism. =whiskey= (ooiski), _n.m._, whisky (spirit). =whist=, _n.m._, whist. =wicléfisme=, _n.m._, Wicliffism. =wicléfiste=, _n.m._, Wicliffite. =wigwam=, _n.m._, wigwam. =wisk=, _n.m._ _V._ =whist=. =wiskey=, _n.m._ _V._ =whiskey=. =wolfram= (vol-fram), _n.m._, (min.) wolfram. =wombat=, _n.m._, (mam.) wombat. X =x= (iks), _n.m._, the twenty-third letter of the alphabet, x. =xanthe=, _n.m._, (bot.) burweed. =xᵇʳᵉ= (ab. of _décembre_), Dec. =xérasie= (ksé-), _n.f._, (med.) xerasia, alopecia. =xerès=, _n.m._, sherry-wine. =xérophagie= (ksé-), _n.f._, xerophagy. =xérophtalmie= (ksé-), _n.f._, xerophthalmy. =xiphias= (ksi-fias), _n.m._, (ich., astron.) xiphias. =xiphoïde= (ksi-), _adj._, (anat.) xiphoid, ensiform. =xylocope=, _n.m._, (zoöl.) xylocope, carpenter bee. =xylographe= (ksi-), _n.m._, xylographer, wood-engraver. =xylographie= (ksi-), _n.f._, xylography, wood-engraving. =xylographique= (ksi-), _adj._, xylographic, of wood-engraving. =xyloïdine=, _n.f._, (chem.) xyloidine. =xylophage= (ksi-), _n.m._ and _adj._, (ent.) xylophagan; wood-fretter, bark-chafer; xylophagous. =xylophagie=, _n.f._, xylophagy. =xylophone=, _n.m._, (mus.) xylophone. =xyste= (ksist), _n.m._, (antiq.) xyst, xystos. Y =y= (i-grèk), _n.m._, the twenty-fourth letter of the alphabet, y. =y=, _adv._, there, thither; within, at home. _Je l’y ai vu_; I saw him there. _Allez-y_; go there. _Voulez-vous y aller?_ will you go there? _Monsieur A., y est-il?_ is Mr. A. in, _or_ at home? _Oui il y est_; yes, he is at home. =y=, _personal pron._, by it, by them; for it, for them; in it, in them, therein; at it, at them; to him, to her, to it, to them. _Il n’y est pas propre_; he is not fit for it. _Il n’y gagnera rien_; he will get nothing by it. _Ne vous y fiez pas_; don’t trust him. _Sans y penser_; without thinking of it. _Il — a_; there is or there are. =yac=, _n.m._, Union Jack. =yacht= (iak), _n.m._, yacht. =yacou=, _n.m._, (orni.) yacou. =yankee= (-ki), _n.m._, Yankee. =yard= (iard), _n.m._, yard (measure). =yatagan=, _n.m._, yataghan. =yèble=, _n.m._ _V._ =hièble=. =yénite=, _n.f._, (min.) yenite. =yeuse=, _n.f._, ilex, holm, evergreen oak, holly oak. =yeux=, _n.m.pl._, eyes (_plur._ of =œil=, _q.v._). =yole=, _n.f._, (nav.) yawl. _— gig_; gig. =youyou=, _n.m._, dingey, small boat (China). =ypréau=, _n.m._, Ypres-elm, wych-elm. =ysard=, _n.m._ _V._ =isard=. =yucca=, _n.m._, (bot.) yucca, Adam’s needle. Z =z= (zèd), _n.m._, the twenty-fifth letter of the alphabet, z. =zabre=, _n.m._, corn-ground beetle. =zagaie=, _n.f._, assegai (African javelin). =zaïm=, _n.m._, zaïm (Turkish soldier). =zain=, _adj._, whole-colored (of horses, etc.). =zamie=, _n.f._, (bot.) zamia. =zani=, _n.m._, zany. =zèbre=, _n.m._, zebra. =zébré=, =-e=, _adj._, striped like the zebra. =zébrure=, _n.f._, stripes (like the zebra’s). =zébu=, _n.m._, (mam.) zebu. =zédoaire=, _n.f._, (bot.) zedoary. =zée=, _n.m._, (ich.) zeus. =zélat-eur=, _n.m._, =-rice=, _n.f._, zealot, zealous person. =zèle=, _n.m._, zeal, warmth, ardor. _Avoir du — pour_, _à_; to be zealous in. _Avoir peu de —_; not to be zealous, to be lukewarm. _Avec —_; zealously. _S’enflammer de — pour_; to be fired with zeal (for). =zélé=, =-e=, _adj._, zealous. =zélote=, _n.f._, zealot. =zélotisme=, _n.m._, zealotry. =zend= (zīnd), _n.m._, (_n.p._) Zend; religious doctrine of Zoroaster. =zend=, =-e= (zīnd), _adj._, relating to Zend. =zend-avesta= (zīnd-), _n.m._, (_n.p._) Zendavesta (sacred book of the Guebers _or_ Parsees). =zénith= (-nit), _n.m._, (astron.) zenith. =zénonique=, _adj._, Zenonic. =zénonisme=, _n.m._, Zenonism. =zéolithe=, _n.m._, zeolite. =zéphire= _or_ =zéphyr=, _n.m._, zephyr, gentle breeze. =zéro=, _n.m._, nought; cipher; zero (of the thermometer). _À —_; at zero. _Au-dessous de —_; below zero. _C’est un —_ or _un — en chiffre_; he is a mere cipher. =zest= (zèst), _n.m._, only used in the proverbial and familiar expression _Entre le zist et le —_; pretty well, so-so; middling; undecided, wavering (of persons). =zest= (zèst), _int._, pshaw! nonsense presto! =zeste= (zèst), _n.m._, zest (of a lemon, orange, walnut); straw, fig, nothing. _Cela ne vaut pas un —_; it is not worth a straw. =zététique=, _n.f._ and _adj._, zetetics; zetetic. =zeugme=, _n.m._, (rhet.) zeugma. =zézaiement=, _n.m._, lisping, lisp (bad prononciation which consists in giving to _g_ or _j_ the soft sound of _z_). =zézayer=, _v.n._, to lisp. =zibeline=, _n.f._, sable. _Martre —_; sable fur. =zigzag= (zig-zag), _n.m._, zigzag; crankle; (of lightning) fork. _faire des —s_; to reel about, to stagger. _Aller en —_; to zigzag. _Eclair en —_; forked lightning. =zigzaguer=, _v.n._, to zigzag; to reel about. =zinc=, _n.m._, zinc. =zincage= _or_ =zingage=, _n.m._, zinking, covering with zinc. =zincographe=, _n.m._, zincographer. =zincographie=, _n.f._, zincography. =zincographique=, _adj._, zincographic, zincographical. =zingari=, _n.m._, (_—s_) Gypsy. =zinguer= (-ghé), _v.a._, to cover with zinc; to lay with zinc. =zinguerie=, _n.f._, zinc-works. =zingueur= (-gheur), _n.m._, zinc-worker. =zinzolin=, _n.m._, red violet. =zircon=, _n.m._, (min.) zircon. =zirconium=, _n.m._, (chem.) zirconium. =zist= (zist), _n.m._ _V._ =zest=. =zizanie=, _n.f._, (bot.) ☉tare, darnel-grass; Canada rice; (fig.) division, dissension, discord, variance. _Semer la —_; to sow dissension, discord. =zizi=, _n.m._, (orni.) cirl-bunting. =zodiacal=, =-e=, _adj._, zodiacal. =zodiaque=, _n.m._, zodiac. =zoïle=, _n.m._, (_—s_) Zoilus; (fig.) a snarling critic. =zona= _or_ =zoster= (-tè-r), _n.m._, (med.) shingles. =zone=, _n.f._, zone, belt. _— glaciale_; frigid zone. _— tempérée_; temperate zone. _— torride_; torrid zone. =zoné=, =-e=, _adj._, zoned. =zoographe=, _n.m._, zoögrapher. =zoographie=, _n.f._, zoögraphy. =zoolâtre=, _n.m._, zoölater. =zoolâtrie=, _n.f._, zoölatry. =zoolithe=, _n.m._, zoölite. =zoologie=, _n.f._, zoölogy. =zoologique=, _adj._, zoölogic, zoölogical. =zoologiste=, _n.m._, zoölogist. =zoologue=, _n.m._ _V._ =zoologiste=. =zoonomie=, _n.f._, zoönomy. =zoophage=, _n.m._ and _adj._, zoöphagan (carnivorous quadruped); zoöphagous. =zoophore=, _n.m._, (arch.) zoöphorous. =zoophyte=, _n.m._, zoöphyte. =zootigue=, _adj._, zoötic. =zootomie=, _n.f._, zoötomy. =zootomiste=, _n.m._, zoötomist. =zopolite=, _n.m._, vulture (Mexican). =zopissa=, _n.m._, (nav.) zopessa (pitch scraped off ships). =zostère=, _n.f._, sea-weed, wrack-grass. =zouave=, _n.m._, zouave (soldier). =zoulou=, _n.m._, zulu. =zut=, _int._, be blowed! hang it! not if I know it! no use! no go! =zygène=, _n.m._, (ich.) hammer-fish. =zygoma=, _n.m._, zygoma. =zygomatique=, _adj._, zygomatic. _Arcade —_; zygomatic arch. =zymosimètre=, _n.m._, zymosimeter (instrument). =zymotique=, _adj._, zymotic. VOCABULARY OF PROPER NAMES. INCLUDING THOSE OF HISTORY AND MYTHOLOGY. A =Aaron= (aarōn), _m._, Aaron. =Abdias= (abdiâs), _m._, Obadiah. =Abel=, _m._, Abel. =Abigaïl=, _f._, Abigail. =Abner= (abnèr), _m._, Abner. =Abraham=, _m._, Abraham. =Absalon=, _m._, Absalom. =Acaste=, _m._, Acastus. =Aceste=, _m._, Acestes. =Achab= (akab), _m._, Ahab. =Achate= (akat), _m._, Achates. =Achille= (ashil), _m._, Achilles. =Achmet= (akmèt), _m._, Achmet. =Actéon=, _m._, Actæon. =Ada=, _f._, Adah. =Adam= (adān), _m._, Adam. =Adélaïde= (adé-la-ï-d), _f._, Adelaide. =Adèle=, _f._, Adela. =Admète=, _m._, Admetus. =Adolphe=, _m._, Adolphus. =Adonis= (-nîs), _m._, Adonis. =Adraste=, _m._, Adrastus. =Adrastée=, _f._, Adrastia. =Adrien= (adriin), _m._, Adrian. =Agamemnon=, _m._, Agamemnon. =Agar=, _f._, Hagar. =Agathe=, _f._, Agatha. =Agathocle=, _m._, Agathocles. =Agésilas= (-lâs), _m._, Agesilaus. =Aggée=, _m._, Haggai. =Agis= (ajis), _m._, Agis. =Aglaé=, _f._, Aglaia. *=Agnès= (-ès), _f._, Agnes. =Agricola=, _m._, Agricola. =Agrippine=, _f._, Agrippina. =Aimée=, _f._, Amy. =Aladin=, _m._, Aladdin. =Alain=, _m._, Allen. =Alaric=, _m._, Alaric. _l’_=Albane=, _m._, Albano. =Albert=, _m._, Albert. =Albertine=, _f._, Albertina, Alberta. =Alcée=, _m._, Alcæus. =Alceste=, _f._, (myth) Alcestis. =Alcibiade=, _m._, Alcibiades. =Alcide=, _m._, Alcides. =Alcinoüs=, _m._, Alcinous. =Alcmène=, _f._, Alcmena. =Alecton=, _f._, Alecto. =Alexandre= (alèksāndr), _m._, Alexander. =Alfred= (-frèd), _m._, Alfred. =Aliboron=, _m._, Grizzle. =Alice=, _f._, Alice. =Alphée=, _m._, Alpheus. =Alphonse=, _m._, Alphonso. =Althée=, _f._, Althæa. =Aluin=, _m._, Alwin. =Amalec=, _m._, Amalek. =Amalthée=, _f._, Amalthæa. =Aman=, _m._, Haman. =Ambroise=, _m._, Ambrose. =Amédée=, _m._, Amedeus. =Amélie=, _f._, Amelia. =Améric Vespuce=, _m._, Americus Vesputius, Amerigo Vespucci. =Amilcar=, _m._, Hamilcar. =Amphitryon=, _m._, Amphitryon. =Amurat=, _m._, Amurath. =Anacharsis= (-karsis), _m._, Anacharsis. =Anacréon=, _m._, Anacreon. =Anastase=, _m._, Anastasius. =Anaxagore=, _m._, Anaxagoras. =Anaxarque=, _m._, Anaxarchus. =Anaximandre=, _m._, Anaximander. =Anchise=, _m._, Anchises. =André=, _m._, Andrew. =Androclès=, _m._, Androcles. =Andromaque=, _f._, Andromache. =Andromède=, _f._, Andromeda. =Ange=, _m._, Angelus. =Angélique=, _f._, Angelica. =Anna=, _f._, Hannah. =Anne=, _f._, Anne, Ann, Anna. =Annette=, _f._, Annie, Nancy. =Annibal=, _m._, Hannibal. =Anselme=, _m._, Anselmo. =Antée=, _m._, Antæus. =Antigone=, _m._, Antigonus. =Antigone=, _f._, Antigone. =Antiloque=, _m._, Antilochus. =Antipater= (-tèr), _m._, Antipater. =Antoine=, _m._, Anthony, Antony. Marc —; _Marc Antony_. =Antoinette=, _f._, Antoinette. =Antonin=, _m._, Antoninus. =Antonine=, _f._, Antonina. =Aod= _or_ =Ahod=, _m._, Ehud. =Apelle= (apèl), _m._, Apelles. =Apollodore=, _m._, Apollodorus. =Apollon=, _m._, Apollo. =Appien= (apiin), _m._, Appian. =Apulée=, _m._, Apuleius. =Aquin=, _m._, Aquinas. Saint Thomas d’—; _Thomas Aquinas_. =Arabelle=, _f._, Arabella. =Arbace=, _m._, Arbaces. =Arcade=, _m._, Arcadius. =Arcésilas= (-lâs), _m._, Arcesilaus. =Archambaud= (-bô), _m._, Archibald. =Archélaüs= (-kéla-ûs), _m._, Archelaus. =Archiloque=, _m._, Archilochus. =Archimède=, _m._, Archimedes. =Aréthuse=, _f._, Arethusa. _l’_=Arétin=, _m._, Aretino. =Ariane=, _f._, Ariadne. =Aricie=, _f._, Aricia. =Aridée=, _m._, Arridæus. _l’_=Arioste=, _m._, Ariosto. =Arioviste=, _m._, Ariovistus. =Aristarque=, _m._, Aristarchus. =Aristée=, _m._, Aristeus. =Aristide=, _m._, Aristides. =Aristophane=, _m._, Aristophanes. =Aristote=, _m._, Aristotle. =Arlequin=, _m._, Harlequin. =Armide=, _f._, Armida. =Arnaud=, _m._, Arnold. =Arrien= (ariin), _m._, Arrian. =Arsène=, _m._, Arsenius. =Artaban=, _m._, Artabanus. =Artaxerce= (-gzer-s), _m._, Artaxerxes. — Longue-Main; _Artaxerxes Longimanus_. =Artémise=, _f._, Artemisia. =Arthur=, _m._, Arthur. *=Ascagne=, _m._, Ascanius. =Ascléplade=, _m._, Asclepiades. =Asmodée=, _m._, Asmodeus. =Aspasie=, _f._, Aspasia. =Asser= (a-cè-r), _m._, Asher. =Assuérus= (-rûs), _m._, Ahasuerus. =Astrée=, _f._, Astræa. =Astyage=, _m._, Astyages. =Atalante=, _f._, Atalanta. =Athalie=, _f._, Athaliah. =Athanase=, _m._, Athanasius. =Athelstan=, _m._, Athelstane. =Atlas=, _m._, Atlas. =Atrée=, _m._, Atreus. =Atride=, _m._, Atrides. =Attale=, _m._, Attalus. =Atticus= (-kûs), _m._, Atticus. =Augias= (ôjiâs), _m._, Augeas. =Auguste=, _m._, Augustus. =Augustin=, _m._, Austin, Augustine. Saint —; _Saint-Augustin_. =Augustule=, _m._, Augustulus. =Aulu-Gelle=, _m._, Aulus-Gellius. =Aurèle=, _m._, Aurelius. Marc —; _Marcus Aurelius_. =Aurélie=, _f._, Aurelia. =Aurélien= (-liin), _m._, Aurelian. =Aurore=, _f._, Aurora. =Ausone=, _m._, Ausonius. =Aventin=, _m._, Aventine. =Avicenne=, _m._, Avicenna. =Azarias=, _m._, Azariah. B =Babet=, _f._, Betsy, Bess. *=Bailleul=, _m._, Baliol. =Bajazet=, _m._, Bajazeth. =Bala=, _f._, Bilhah. =Balthazar=, _m._, Balthazar, Belshazzar. =Baptiste= (batist), _m._, Baptist. =Barabbas= (-bâs), _m._, Barabbas. =Barbe=, _n.f._, Barbara. =Barbe Bleue=, _f._, Bluebeard. =Barberousse=, _m._, Barbarossa. =Bardesane=, _m._, Bardesanes. =Barnabé=, _m._, Barnaby, Barnabas. =Barthélemi= (-télmi), _m._, Bartholomew. =Barthole=, _m._, Bartolo. =Basile=, _m._, Basil. =Basilide=, _m._, Basilides. =Bathuel=, _m._, Bethuel. =Baudouin=, _m._, Baldwin. =Béatrice=, _f._, Beatrice. =Béatrix=, _f._, Beatrix. =Bède=, _m._, Beda. =Bélisaire=, _m._, Belisarius. =Bellone=, _f._, Bellona. =Belzébuth=, _m._, Beelzebub. =Bénédict= (-dict), =Benoît=, _m._, Benedict. =Bénédicte=, _f._, Benedicta. =Benjamin= (bīn-), _m._, Benjamin. =Benoît=, _m._, Benedict. =Benoîte=, _f._, Benedicta. =Benserade=, (bīnsrad), _m._, Benserade. =Bérénice=, _f._, Berenice, Beronice. =Bernard=, _m._, Bernard. =Bernardin=, _m._, Bernardine. =Berthe=, _f._, Bertha. =Bertrand=, _m._, Bertram. =Bethsabée=, _f._, Bathsheba. =Bèze=, _m._, Beza. =Blaise=, _m._, Blase. =Blanche=, _f._, Blanch, Blanche. =Boccace=, _m._ Boccaccio. =Boèce=, _m._, Boethius. =Boleslas= (-slâs), _m._, Boleslaus. _le_ =Bolognèse=, _m._, Bolognese. =Bonaventure=, _m._, Bonadventure. =Boniface=, _m._, Boniface. =Bonne=, _f._, Bona. =Booz= (boōz), _m._, Boaz. =Borée=, _m._, Boreas. =Bouddha=, _m._, Buddha. =Briarée=, _m._, Briareus. =Brigitte=, _f._, Bridget. =Britannicus= (-kûs), _m._, Britannicus. =Bucéphale=, _m._, Bucephalus. C =Caïn=, _m._, Cain. =Caïnan=, _m._, Cainan. =Caïphe=, _m._, Caiaphas. =Caïus= (ka-iûs), _m._, Caius. =Caligula=, _m._, Caligula. =Caliste=, _m._, Calistus. =Callicrate= (kal-li-), _m._, Callicrates. =Callimaque=, _m._, Callimachus. =Calliope=, _f._, Calliope. =Callisthène=, _m._, Callisthenes. =Calpurnie=, _f._, Calpurnia. =Calvin=, _m._, Calvin. =Calypso=, _f._, Calypso. =Cambyse=, _m._, Cambyses. *=Camille=, _m._, Camillus. *=Camille=, _f._, Camilla. _le_ =Camoens=, _m._, Camoens. =Canut=, _m._, Canute. — le Hardi; _Hardicanute_. =Capitolin=, _m._, Capitolinus. =Carbon=, _m._, Carbo. =Caroline=, _f._, Caroline. =Caron=, _m._, Charon. =Casimir=, _m._, Casimir. =Cassandre=, _m._, Cassander. =Cassandre=, _f._, Cassandra. =Catherine= (ka-tri-n), _f._, Catharine, Catherine. =Catilina=, _m._, Catilina, Catiline. =Catin=, _f._, Kate, Kitty. =Caton=, _m._, Cato. =Catulle=, _m._, Catullus. =Cécile=, _f._, Cecilia. =Célestin=, _m._, Celestine. =Célie=, _f._, Celia. =Celse=, _m._, Celsus. =Cendrillon=, _f._, Cinderella. =Céphale=, _m._, Cephalus. =Cerbère=, _m._, Cerberus. =Cérès= (-rès), _f._, Ceres. =Cérinthe=, _m._, Cerinthus. =Césaire=, _m._, Cæsarius. =César=, _m._, Cæsar. =Chabrias= (-âs), _m._, Chabrias. =Cham= (kam), _m._, Ham. *=Charlemagne=, _m._, Charlemagne. =Charles=, _m._, Charles. — Quint; _Charles the Fifth_ (_of Spain_). — le Téméraire; _Charles the Bold_. =Charlot=, _m._, Charly. =Charlotte=, _f._, Charlotte. =Charon= (kâron), _m._, Charon. =Chloé=, _f._, Chloe. =Chrétien= (krétiin), _m._, Christian. =Christienne=, _f._, Christiana. _le_ =Christ= (krist), _m._, Christ. =Christine= (kris-), _f._, Christina. =Christophe= (kris-), _m._, Christopher. =Chryséis= (krizéis), _f._, Chryseïs. =Chrysès= (krizès), _m._, Chryses. =Chrysippe= (krizip), _m._, Chrysippus. =Chrysostôme= (kri-), _m._, Chrysostom. =Cicéron=, _m._, Cicero. _les_ =Cimbres=, _m.pl._, the Cimbri. =Cincinnatus= (-ci-n-na-tûs), _m._, Cincinnatus. =Circé=, _f._, Circe. =Clara= _or_ =Claire=, _f._, Clara. =Clarisse=, _f._, Clarissa. =Claude=, _m._, Claudius. — le Lorrain; _Claude Lorraine_. =Claude=, _f._, Claudia. =Claudie=, _f._, Claudia. =Claudien= (-diin), _m._, Claudian. =Cléanthe=, _m._, Cleanthes. =Cléarque=, _m._, Clearchus. =Clélie=, _f._, Clœlia. =Clémence=, _f._, Mercy. =Clément=, _m._, Clement. =Clémentine=, _f._, Clementina. =Cléomène=, _m._, Cleomenes. =Cléopâtre=, _f._, Cleopatra. =Clio=, _f._, Clio. =Cloanthe=, _m._, Cloanthus. =Clotaire=, _m._, Clotharius, Clothaire. =Clotilde=, _f._, Clotilda. =Clytemnestre= (klitèmnèstr), _f._, Clytemnestra. =Collatin=, _m._, Collatinus. =Colomb= (kolon), _m._, Columbus. =Colombine=, _f._, Columbine. =Commode=, _m._, Commodus. =Comnène= (komnè-n), _m._, Comnenus. =Confucius= (-ûs), _m._, Confucius. =Conrad= (-rad), _m._, Conrad. =Constance=, _m._, Constantius. =Constance=, _f._, Constance. =Constantin=, _m._, Constantinus. =Copernic=, _m._, Copernicus. =Coré=, _m._, Korah. =Corinne=, _f._, Corinna. =Coriolan=, _m._, Coriolanus. =Cornélie=, _f._, Cornelia. =Cornélius= (-ûs), _m._, Cornelius. _le_ =Corrège=, _m._, Correggio. =Cosme= (kô-m), _m._, Cosmus, Cosmo. =Créon=, _m._, Creon. =Crépin=, _m._, Crispin. =Crésus= (-zus), _m._, Crœsus. =Créuse=, _f._, Creusa. =Cupidon=, _m._, Cupid. _les_ =Curiaces=, _m.pl._, the Curiatii. =Curion=, _m._, Curio. =Cyaxare=, _m._, Cyaxares. =Cybèle=, _f._, Cybela. _les_ =Cyclopes=, _m.pl._, Cyclopes. =Cynégire=, _m._, Cynegirus. =Cyprien= (sipriin), _m._, Cyprianus. *=Cyrille=, _m._, Cyril. =Cythérée=, _f._, Cytheræa. D =Dalila=, _f._, Delilah. =Damoclès= (-clès), _m._, Damocles. =Danaüs= (-us), _m._, Danaus. _le_ =Dante=, _m._, Dante. =Daphné=, _f._, Daphne. =Daphnis= (-nîs), _m._, Daphnis. =Darius= (-ûs), _m._, Darius. — Codoman; _Darius Codomanus_. =Débora=, _f._, Deborah. =Dèce=, _m._, Decius. =Dédale=, _m._, Dædalus. =Déidamie=, _f._, Deidamia. =Déjanire=, _f._, Dejanira. =Délie=, _f._, Delia. =Démade=, _m._, Demades. =Démétrius= (-ûs), _m._, Demetrius. — de Phalère; _Demetrius Phalereus_. =Démocède=, _m._, Democedes. =Démocrate=, _m._, Democrates. =Démocrite=, _m._, Democritus. =Démosthène=, _m._, Demosthenes. =Denis=, _m._, Dionysius; Denis. — l’Ancien; _Dionysius the elder_. — le Jeune; _Dionysius the younger_. =Denise=, _f._, Dionysia. =Descartes= (dékart), _m._, Descartes. =Diane=, _f._, Diana. =Didon=, _f._, Dido. =Dieudonné=, _m._, Deodatus. =Dioclétien= (-siin), _m._, Diocletian. =Diodore=, _m._, Diodorus. — de Sicile; _Diodorus Siculus_. =Diogène=, _m._, Diogenes. — Laerce; _Diogenes Laertius_. =Diomède=, _m._, Diomedes. =Dominique=, _m._, Dominic. _le_ =Dominiquin=, _m._, Dominichino. =Domitien= (-siin), _m._, Domitian. =Donat=, _m._, Donatus. =Dorothée=, _f._, Dorothea, Dorrit, Dorothy. =Dracon=, _m._, Draco. *=Drusille=, _f._, Drusilla. =Dulcinée=, _f._, Dulcinea. E =Éaque=, _m._, Æacus. =Edmond=, _m._, Edmund. — Côte-de-fer; _Edmund Ironside_. =Édouard=, _m._, Edward. =Égée=, _m._, Ægeus. =Égéon=, _m._, Ægæon. =Égérie=, _f._, Egeria. =Égisthe=, _m._, Ægisthus. =Églé=, _f._, Ægle. =Électre=, _f._, Electra. =Éléonore=, _f._, Eleanor. =Éliacin=, _m._, Eliakim. =Élie=, _m._, Elias, Elijah. =Élien= (éliin), _m._, Ælianus. =Élisabeth=, _f._, Elizabeth. =Élise=, _f._, Eliza; Ailsa. =Élisée=, _m._, Elisha. =Éloi=, _m._, Eloy. =Elvire=, _f._, Elvira. =Émeri=, _m._, Emery. =Émile=, _m._, Æmilius. Paul —; _Paulus Æmilius_. =Émilie=, _f._, Emily, Amelia. =Émilien= (-liin), _m._, Æmilian. =Emmanuel= (è-m-manuèl), _m._, Emmanuel. =Empedocle=, _m._, Empedocles. =Encelade=, _m._, Enceladus. =Endymion=, _m._, Endymion. =Énée=, _m._, Æneas. =Énoch=, _m._, Enoch. =Éole=, _m._, Æolus. =Épaminondas= (-dâs), _m._, Epaminondas. =Épictète=, _m._, Epictetus. =Épicure=, _m._, Epicurus. _les_ =Épigones=, _m.pl._, the Epigoni. =Épiménide=, _m._, Epimenides. =Épiphane=, _m._, Epiphanius. =Érasme=, _m._, Erasmus. =Érato=, _f._, Erato. =Éraste=, _m._, Erastus. =Ératosthène=, _m._, Eratosthenes. =Érèbe=, _m._, Erebus. =Ernest=, _m._, Ernest. =Érostrate=, _m._, Erostratus. =Ésaü=, _m._, Esau. =Eschine= (ès-shi-n), _m._, Æschines. =Eschyle= (ès-shil), _m._, Æschylus. =Esculape=, _m._, Æsculapius. =Esdras= (-drâs), _m._, Esdras, Ezra. =Éson=, _m._, Æson. =Ésope=, _m._, Æsop. =Esron=, _m._, Esrom. =Esther= (éstèr), _f._, Esther. =Étéocle=, _m._, Eteocles. =Étienne= (étiè-n), _m._, Stephen. =Euclide=, _m._, Euclid. =Eudoxie=, _f._, Eudoxia. =Eugène=, _m._, Eugenius, Eugene. =Eugénie=, _f._, Eugenia. =Eulalie=, _f._, Eulalia. =Eumée=, _m._, Eumæus. =Eumène=, _m._, Eumenes. =Euripide=, _m._, Euripides. =Europe=, _f._, Europa. =Euryale=, _m._, Euryalus. =Eurybate=, _m._, Eurybates. =Eurydice=, _f._, Eurydice. =Eurysthée=, _m._, Eurystheus. =Eusèbe=, _m._, Eusebius. =Eustache=, _m._, Eustace. =Eustathe=, _m._, Eustathius. =Eutrope=, _m._, Eutropius. =Évandre=, _m._, Evander. =Ève=, _f._, Eve. =Éveline=, _f._, Evelyn, Evelina. =Ézéchias= (-kiâs), _m._, Hezekiah, Ezechias. =Ézéchiel= (-kièl), _m._, Ezekiel. F =Fabien= (-biin), _m._, Fabian. =Fabrice=, =Fabricius= (-ûs), _m._, Fabricius. =Fallope=, _m._, Fallopio. =Fanchette=, =Fanchon=, _f._, Fanny, Fanchon. =Fatima=, _f._, Fatima. =Faust= (fôst), _m._, Faustus, Faust. =Faustine=, _f._, Faustina. =Félicie=, _f._, Felicia. =Félicien=, _m._, Felician. =Félicité=, _f._, Felicity. =Félix= (-liks), _m._, Felix. =Fernand=, _m._, Fernando. =Fiesque=, _m._, Fiesco. =Flavien= (-viin), _m._, Flavian. =Flore=, _f._, Flora. =Florence=, _f._, Florence. =Fortune=, _f._, Fortuna. =Fortuné=, _m._, Fortunatus. =Foulque=, _m._, Fulk. =François=, _m._, Francis. =Françoise=, _f._, Frances. =Frédégonde=, _f._, Fredegond. =Frédéric=, _m._, Frederick, Frederic. =Fulvie=, _f._, Fulvia. G =Gabrielle=, _f._, Gabriella. =Galatée=, _f._, Galatea. =Galère=, _m._, Galerius. =Galien= (-liin), _m._, Galen. =Galilée=, _m._, Galileo. =Gallien= (-liin), _m._, Gallienus. =Ganymède=, _m._, Ganymede. =Gaspard=, _m._, Jasper. =Gauthier=, _m._, Walter, Wat. =Gédéon=, _m._, Gideon. =Gédouin=, _m._, Goodwin. =Gélon=, _m._, Gelo, Gelon. =Genséric=, _m._, Genseric. =Geoffroy= (jofroa), _m._, Geoffrey, Jeffrey. =Georges= (jorj), _m._, George. =Georgette= (jorjèt), _f._, Georgetta. =Georgine= (jorji-n), _f._, Georgina. _les_ =Gépides=, _m.pl._, Gepidæ. =Géralde=, _m._, Gerald. =Géraldine=, _f._, Geraldine. =Gérard=, _m._, Gerard. =Germain=, _m._, German. =Gertrude=, _f._, Gertrude. =Gervais=, _m._, Gervase. =Gilles= (jil), _m._, Giles. =Glycère=, _f._, Glycera. =Godefroi=, =Godefroy= (godfroa), _m._, Godfrey. =Gordien= (-diin), _m._, Gordian. =Gorgias= (-âs), _m._, Gorgias. =Gracchus= (grakûs), _m._, Gracchus. _les_ =Gracques= (grak), _m.pl._, the Gracchi. =Gratien= (-siin), _m._, Gratian. =Grégoire=, _m._, Gregory. =Grippeminaud=, _m._, Grimalkin. _le_ =Guerchin=, _m._, Guercino. _le_ =Guide=, _m._, Guido. *=Guillaume= (ghi-iô-m), _m._, William. — le conquérant: _William the Conqueror_. — le Roux; _William Rufus_. *=Guillot= (ghi-io), _m._, Bill, Billy. =Gustave=, _m._, Gustavus. =Guy= (ghi), _m._, Guy. =Gylippe=, _m._, Gylippus. H =Habacuc=, _m._, Habakkuk. =Haggée=, _m._, Haggai. =Hannon=, _m._, Hanno. †=Hardi Canut=, _m._, Hardicanute. †=Harold=, _m._, Harold. =Harpale=, _m._, Harpalus. =Harpocrate=, _m._, Harpocrates. =Hébé=, _f._, Hebe. =Hécate=, _f._, Hecate. =Hector=, _m._, Hector. =Hécube=, _f._, Hecuba. =Hégésippe=, _m._, Hegesippus. =Helcias= (-âs), _m._, Helkiah. =Hélène=, _f._, Helen, Helena. =Héliodore=, _m._, Heliodorus. =Héliogabale=, _m._, Heliogabalus. =Héloïse=, _f._, Eloisa, Heloisa. =Hénoch= (ènok), _m._ _V._ =Énoch=. †=Henri=, _m._, Henry. [Henri in familiar style has the _h_ mute.] =Henriette=, _f._, Henrietta, Harriet. =Héraclide=, _m._, Heraclide. =Héraclite=, _m._, Heraclitus. =Hercule=, _m._, Hercules. =Hermione=, _f._, Hermione. =Hermocrate=, _m._, Hermocrates. =Héro=, _f._, Hero. =Hérode=, _m._, Herod. =Hérodien= (-diin), _m._, Herodian. =Hérodote=, _m._, Herodotus. =Hérophile=, _m._, Herophilus. =Hersilie=, _f._, Hersilia. =Hésiode=, _m._, Hesiod. =Hiéron=, _m._, Hiero. =Hiéronyme=, _m._, Hieronymus. =Hilaire=, _m._, Hilary. =Himilcon=, _m._, Himilco. =Hipparque=, _m._, Hipparchus. =Hippocrate=, _m._, Hippocrates. =Hippolyte=, _f._, Hippolyta. =Hippolyte=, _m._, Hippolytus. =Hippomène=, _m._, Hippomenes. =Hircan=, _m._, Hyrcanus. =Holopherne=, _m._, Holophernes, Holofernes. =Homère=, _m._, Homer. †=Homfroi=, _m._, Humphrey. =Honoré=, _m._, Honoratus, Honorius. =Honorée=, _f._, Honoria. =Horace=, _m._, Horatio, Horatius; Horace. _les_ =Horaces=, _m.pl._, the Horatii. =Hortense=, _f._, Hortensia. †=Hugues= (hug), _m._, Hugh. =Hunyade=, _m._, Huniades. =Hyacinthe=, _m._, Hyacinthus. =Hygie=, _f._, Hygeia. =Hymen=, =Hyménée=, _m._, Hymen, Hymenæus. =Hypéride=, _m._, Hyperides. =Hypérion=, _m._, Hyperion. =Hypermnestre=, _f._, Hypermnestra. =Hystaspe=, _m._, Hystaspes. I =Icare=, _m._, Icarus. =Idoménée=, _m._, Idomeneus. *=Ignace=, _m._, Ignatius. =Iphicrate=, _m._, Iphicrates. =Iphigénie=, _f._, Iphigenia. =Irène=, _f._, Irene. =Irénée=, _m._, Irenæus. =Isaac= (izâak), _m._, Isaac. =Isabelle=, _f._, Isabella. =Isaïe=, _m._, Isaiah. =Isidore=, _m._, Isidore, Isidorus. =Isis= (izîs), _f._, Isis. =Ismaël=, _m._, Ishmael. =Isocrate=, _m._, Isocrates. =Israël= (izraèl), _m._, Israel. =Iule=, _m._, Iulus. J =Jacob=, _m._, Jacob. =Jacques= (jâk), _m._, James. — Bonhomme; _Hodge_. =Jacquet=, _m._, Jem, Jim. =Jacquot=, _m._, Jack, Jim; Poll, Pug. =James=, _m._, James. La Cour St. —; _the court of St. James_. =Jansénius= (-ûs), _m._, Jansenius. =Janvier=, _m._, Januarius. =Japhet=, _m._, Japheth. =Jean= (jan), _m._, John, Jack. — sans terre; _John Lackland_. =Jean-Jacques=, _m._, J. J. Rousseau. =Jeanne= (jâ-n), _f._, Jane, Joan. — Darc; _Joan of Arc_. =Jeannette= (ja-nèt), =Jeanneton=, _f._, Jenny. =Jeannot=, _m._, Johnny, Jacky. =Jenny=, _f._, Jenny. =Jephté=, _m._, Jephthah. =Jérémie=, _m._, Jeremy, Jeremiah. =Jérôme=, _m._, Jerome, Hieronymus. =Jessé=, _m._, Jesse. =Jésus= (jézu), _m._, Jesus. =Jésus-Christ= (jézu-kri), _m._, Jesus Christ. =Jézabel=, _f._, Jezebel. =Joachim= (-ki-m), _m._, Joachim. =Joad= _or_ =Joiada=, _m._, Jehoiada. =Joas=, _m._, Joash. =Jocaste=, _f._, Jocasta. =Jocrisse=, _m._, Jack-Pudding. =Jonas= (-nâs), _m._, Jonah. =Jonathan= _or_ =Jonathas= (-tâs), _m._, Jonathan. =Joram=, _m._, Jehoram. =Josaphat=, _m._, Jehoshaphat. =Josèphe= (Flavien), _m._, Josephus (Flavius). =Josias= (-âs), _m._, Josiah, Josias. =Josué=, _m._, Joshua. =Juda=, _m._, Judah. =Judas=, _m._, — Iscariote; _Judas Iscariot_. =Jude=, _m._, Judas (the apostle). =Jules=, _m._, Julius. — Romain; _Giulio Romano_. =Julie=, _f._, Julia. =Julien= (-liin), _m._, Julian. =Julienne=, _f._, Juliana. =Juliette=, _f._, Juliet. =Junie=, _f._, Junia. =Junius= (-ûs), _m._, Junius. =Junon=, _f._, Juno. =Jupiter= (-tèr), _m._, Jupiter, Jove. — Férétrien; _Jupiter Feretrius_. — Olympien; _Jupiter Olympius_. — Tonnant; _Jupiter the Thunderer_. =Juste=, _m._, Justus. =Justine=, _f._, Justina. =Justinien= (-niin), _m._, Justinian. L =Lactance=, _m._, Lactantius. =Ladislas= (-lâs), _m._, Ladislaus. =Laerce=, _m._, Laertius. _V._ =Diogène=. =Laërte=, _m._, Laertes. =Lancelot= (lanslô), _m._, Launcelot. =Laodamie=, _f._, Laodamia. _les_ =Lapithes=, _m.pl._, Lapithæ. =Latone=, _f._, Latona. =Laure=, _f._, Laura. =Laurent=, _m._, Laurence, Lawrence. =Lavinie=, _f._, Lavinia. =Lazare=, _m._, Lazarus. =Léandre=, _m._, Leander. =Léon=, _m._, Leon, Leo. =Léonard=, _m._, Leonard. — de Vinci; _Leonardo da Vinci_. =Léonat=, _m._, Leonatus. =Léonce=, _m._, Leontius. =Léonidas= (-dâs), _m._, Leonidas. =Léonie=, _f._, Leonia. =Léonore=, _f._, Leonora. =Lépide=, _m._, Lepidus. =Leucippe=, _m._, Leucippus. =Leucothoé=, _f._, Leucothoe. =Lévi=, _m._, Levy. =Lia=, _f._, Leah. =Libère=, _m._, Liberius. =Libitine=, _f._, Libitina. =Linné=, _m._, Linnæus. =Lise=, =Lisette=, _f._, Lizzie, Lizzy. =Livie=, _f._, Livia. =Longin=, _m._, Longinus. =Lothaire=, _m._, Lothaire, Lothario. =Louis=, _m._, Lewis, Louis. =Louise=, =Louison=, _f._, Louisa, Louise. =Luc=, _m._, Luke. =Lucain=, _m._, Lucan. =Lucie=, _f._, Lucy. =Lucien= (-siin), _m._, Lucian. =Lucile=, _f._, Lucilla. =Lucinde=, _f._, Lucinda. =Lucine=, _f._, Lucina. =Lucius= (-ûs), _m._, Lucius. =Lucrèce=, _m._, Lucretius. =Lucrèce=, _f._, Lucretia. =Lycurgue= (-kurg), _m._, Lycurgus. =Lydie=, _f._, Lydia. =Lyncée=, _m._, Lynceus. =Lysandre=, _m._, Lysander. =Lysimaque=, _m._, Lysimachus. =Lysippe=, _m._, Lysippus. M =Macaire=, _m._, Macarius. =Machabée= (makabé), _m._, Maccabeus. _les_ =Machabées=, _m.pl._, the Maccabees. =Machiavel=, _m._, Machiavelli, Machiavel. =Macrin=, _m._, Macrinus. =Macrobe=, _m._, Macrobius. =Madeleine= (mad-lè-n), _f._, Magdalen, Magdalene; Madeline. =Madelon= (madlon), _f._, Maud. =Magnence=, _m._, Magnentius. =Magon=, _m._, Mago. =Mahomet=, _m._, Mahomet, Mahommed. =Mainfroi=, _m._, Manfred. =Malachie=, _m._, Malachi. =Mammée= (mam-mé), _f._, Mammea. =Manassé=, _m._, Manasseh, Manasses. =Mannasès=, _m._, (King) Manasseh. =Manon=, _f._, Molly. =Marc=, _m._, Mark. — Antoine; _Mark Antony_. =Marc-Aurèle=, _m._, Marcus Aurelius. =Marcellin= (-cèl-līn), _m._, Marcellinus. =Marcelline=, _f._, Marcellina. =Marcien= (-siin), _m._, Marcian. =Mardochée=, _m._, Mordecai. =Margot=, _f._, Marget, Mag, Meg. =Marguerite= (-grit), _f._, Margaret. =Maria=, _f._, Maria, Mary. =Marianne=, _f._, Marian. =Marie=, _f._, Mary. =Mariette=, =Marion=, _f._, Molly, Marion. =Marthe=, _f._, Martha. =Martin=, _m._, Martin; (bear) Bruin. =Mathan=, _m._, Matthan. =Mathieu=, _m._, Matthew. =Mathilde=, _f._, Matilda. =Mathusalem= (-lè-m), _m._, Methuselah. =Matthias=, _m._, Matthias. =Matthieu=, _m._, Matthew. =Maurice=, _m._, Maurice, Morice. =Mausole=, _m._, Mausolus. =Maviaël=, _m._, Mehujael. =Maxence=, _m._, Maxentius. =Maxime=, _m._, Maximus. =Maximien= (-miin), _m._, Maximianus, Maximian. =Maximilien= (-liin), _m._, Maximilian. =Maximin=, _m._, Maximinus. =Mécène=, _m._, Mecænas. =Médée=, _f._, Medea. =Médicis=, _m._, Medici. =Méduse=, _f._, Medusa. =Mégère=, _f._, Megæra. =Mélampe=, _m._, Melampus. =Mélanie=, _f._, Melania. =Melcha= (mèlka), _f._, Milcah. =Melchisédech= (mèlkizédèk), _m._, Melchizedek, Melchizedec. =Méléagre=, _m._, Meleager. =Mélicerte=, _m._, Melicerta. =Mélisse=, _f._, Melissa. =Melpomène=, _f._, Melpomene. =Mélusine=, _f._, Melusina. =Ménandre=, _m._, Menander. =Ménèce=, _m._, Menpœtius. =Ménélas= (-lâs), _m._, Menelaus. =Ménippe=, _m._, Menippus. =Mercure=, _m._, Mercury. =Messaline=, _f._, Messalina. =Métastase=, _m._, Metastasio. =Michaud=, _m._, Mike. =Michée=, _m._, Micah. =Michel=, _m._, Michael. =Michel-Ange= (mikèl-ānj), _m._, Michael-Angelo. =Milon=, _m._, Milo. =Miltiade=, _m._, Miltiades. =Minerve=, _f._, Minerva. =Minos= (minôs), _m._, Minos. =Mithridate=, _m._, Mithridates. =Mohammed=, _m._, Mohammed, Mahomet. =Moïse=, _m._, Moses. =Monime=, _f._, Monima. =Morphée=, _m._, Morpheus. =Mucien=, _m._, Mucianus. =Myrtée=, _f._, Myrtea. =Myrtile=, _m._, Myrtilus. N =Nabuchodonosor= (-ko-), _m._, Nebuchadnezzar. =Nannette=, _f._, Nancy. =Napoléon=, _m._, Napoleon. =Narcisse=, _m._, Narcissus. =Néarque=, _m._, Nearchus. =Néhémie=, _m._, Nehemiah. =Némésis= (-zîs), _f._, Nemesis. =Nemrod=, _m._, Nimrod. =Néoptolème=, _m._, Neoptolemus. =Nérée=, _m._, Nereus. =Néron=, _m._, Nero. =Nicaise=, _m._, Nicasius. =Nicéphore=, _m._, Nicephorus. =Nicodème=, _m._, Nicodemus. =Nicolas=, _m._, Nicholas, Nick. =Nicomède=, _m._, Nicomedes. =Ninon=, _f._, Nino, Nina. =Noé=, _m._, Noah. =Noël=, _m._, Noel. Le petit —; _Santa Claus_. =Noémi=, _f._, Naomi. O =Océan=, _m._, (myth.) Oceanus. =Ochozias= (okoziâs), _m._, Ahaziah. =Octave=, _m._, Octavius. =Octavie=, _f._, Octavia. =Octavien= (-viin), _m._, Octavian. =Odin=, _m._, Odin, Woden. =Odoacre=, _m._, Odoacer. =Œdipe= (edip), _m._, Œdipus. =Olivie=, _f._, Olivia. =Olivier=, _m._, Oliver. =Olympe=, _f._, Olympia. =Olympiodore=, _m._, Olympiodorus. =Onésime=, _m._, Onesimus. =Onomacrite=, _m._, Onomacritus. =Onomarque=, _m._, Onomarchus. =Ophélie=, _f._, Ophelia. =Oppien= (opiin), _m._, Oppian. =Oreste=, _m._, Orestes. =Origène=, _m._, Origen. =Oronte=, _m._, Orontes. =Orphée=, _m._, Orpheus. =Osée=, _m._, Hosea. =Osmond=, _m._, Osmund. =Othon=, _m._, Otho. =Ouen=, _m._, Owen. Saint —; _Saint Owen_. =Ovide=, _n.m._, Ovid. P =Palamède=, _m._, Palamedes. =Palémon=, _m._, Palœmon. =Paléologue= (-log), _m._, Palæologus. =Palinure=, _m._, Palinurus. =Pandore=, _f._, Pandora. =Panthée=, _m._, Pantheus. =Paolo= (Fra), _m._, Paul of Venice; Paolo. =Papinien= (-niin), _m._, Papinian. =Paracelse=, _m._, Paracelsus. =Pâris= (-rîs), _m._, Paris. =Paris= (Monsieur de), _m._, Jack Ketch. =Parménide=, _m._, Parmenides. =Parménion=, _m._, Parmenio. _les_ =Parques=, _f.pl._, the Parcæ, the Fates. =Patrice=, _m._, Patrick, Patricius. =Patrocle=, _m._, Patroclus. =Paul= (pol), _m._, Paul, Paulus. =Pauline=, _f._, Paulina, Pauline. =Pégase=, _m._, Pegasus. =Pélage=, _m._, Pelagius. =Pélée=, _m._, Peleus. =Pénélope=, _f._, Penelope. =Penthée=, _m._, Pentheus. =Penthésilée=, _f._, Penthesilea. =Pepin=, _m._, Pepin. — le Bref; _Pepin the Short_. =Périandre=, _m._, Periander. =Périclès= (-klès), _m._, Pericles. =Pérosès= (-zès), _or_ =Firouz=, _m._, Perozes, Firouz. =Perse=, _m._, Persius. =Persée=, _m._, Perseus. =Pétrarque=, _m._, Petrarch. =Pétrone=, _m._, Petronius. =Phaéton=, _m._, Phaeton, Phaethon. =Pharaon=, _m._, Pharaoh. =Pharnabaze=, _m._, Pharnabazus. =Pharnace=, _m._, Pharnaces. =Phébé=, _f._, Phœbe. =Phébus= (-bûs), _m._, Phœbus. =Phédon=, _m._, Phædon. =Phèdre=, _m._, Phædrus. =Phèdre=, _f._, Phædra. =Phidias= (-diâs), _m._, Phidias. =Philadelphe=, _m._, Philadelphus. =Philarète=, _m._, Philaretus. =Philippe=, _m._, Philip. — le Bel; _Philip the Fair_ (_of France_). — le Beau; _Philip the Handsome (of Spain)_. =Philippe=, _f._, Philippa. =Philippine=, _f._, Philippina. =Philocrate=, _m._, Philocrates. =Philoctète=, _m._, Philoctetes. =Philologue= (-log), _m._, Philologus. =Philomèle=, _f._, Philomela. =Philomèle=, _m._, Philomelus. =Phinée=, =Phinéas=, _m._, Phineas. =Phryné=, _f._, Phryne. =Phylée=, _m._, Phyleus. =Pie=, _m._, Pius. =Pierre=, _m._, Peter. =Pilate=, _m._, Pilate. Ponce —; _Pontius Pilate_. =Pindare=, _m._, Pindar. =Pisandre=, _m._, Pisander. =Pisistrate=, _m._, Pisistratus. =Pison=, _m._, Piso. =Pitthée=, _m._, Pittheus. =Placidie=, _f._, Placidia. =Plancine=, _f._, Plancina. =Planude=, _m._, Planudes. =Platon=, _m._, Plato. =Plaute=, _m._, Plautus. =Plautien= (-siin), _m._, Plautian. =Pline=, _m._, Pliny. — l’Ancien; _Pliny the Elder_. — le Jeune; _Pliny the Younger_. =Plutarque=, _m._, Plutarch. =Pluton=, _m._, Pluto. =Polichinelle=, _m._, Punch. =Politien= (-siin), _m._, Politiano. =Pollion=, _m._, Pollio. =Polybe=, _m._, Polybius. =Polycarpe=, _m._, Polycarp. =Polyclète=, _m._, Polycletus. =Polycrate=, _m._, Polycrates. =Polydore=, _m._, Polydorus. =Polymnie= (-lim-nî), _f._, Polymnia. =Polynice=, _m._, Polynices. =Polyphème=, _m._, Polyphemus. =Polyxène=, _f._, Polyxena. =Pomone=, _f._, Pomona. =Pompée=, _m._, Pompey. =Pompéius=, _m._, Pompeius. =Pompilius= (-ûs), _m._, Pompilius. =Ponce=, _m._, Pontius. =Poppée=, _f._, Poppæa. =Porcie=, _f._, Porcia, Portia. =Porphyre=, _m._, Porphyry. =Poucet= (le Petit), _m._, Hop o’ my Thumb. =Praxitèle=, _m._, Praxiteles. =Priape=, _m._, Priapus. =Priscien= (pri-siin), _m._, Priscian. =Priscille=, _f._, Priscilla. =Priscillien= (-liin), _m._, Priscillian. =Procope=, _m._, Procopius. =Procuste= _or_ =Procruste=, _m._, Procrustes. =Prométhée=, _m._, Prometheus. =Properce=, _m._, Propertius. =Proserpine=, _f._, Proserpina. =Protée=, _m._, Proteus. =Protésilas= (-lâs), _m._, Protesilaus. =Protogène=, _m._, Protogenes. =Prudence=, _m._, Prudentius. =Prudence=, _f._, Prudence. =Psamménit=, _m._, Psammenitus. =Psammétique=, _m._, Psammetichus. =Psyché=, _f._, Psyche. =Ptolémée=, _m._, Ptolemy. =Pulchérie= (-kérî), _f._, Pulcheria. =Putiphar=, _m._, Potiphar. =Pylade=, _m._, Pylades. =Pyrame=, _m._, Pyramus. =Pyrrhon= (pir-ron), _m._, Pyrrho. =Pythagore=, _m._, Pythagoras. =Pythée=, _m._, Pytheas. Q =Quichotte (Don)= (ki-shot), _m._, Don Quixote. =Quinte-Curce= (kuint-kurs), _m._, Quintus Curtius. =Quintillien= (kuintiliin), _m._, Quintilian. R =Radegonde= (radgond), _f._, Radegund. =Rahab=, _f._, Rahab. =Raminagrobis=, _m._, Grimalkin. =Ramsès=, _m._, Rameses. =Randolphe=, _m._, Randolph, Randal. =Raoul=, _m._, Ralph. =Raphaël=, _m._, Raphael. =Raymond=, _m._, Raymond, Raymund. =Rémi=, _m._, Remy. =Renaud=, _m._, Reynold, Reginald. =Rhadamanthe=, _m._, Rhadamanthus. =Rhadamiste=, _m._, Rhadamistus. =Rhée=, _f._, Rhea. =Rhésus=, _m._, Rhesus. =Richard=, _m._, Richard. =Robert=, _m._, Robert. =Roboam= (-am), _m._, Rehoboam. =Rodolphe=, _m._, Rodolph. =Rodrigue=, _m._, Roderick, Roderic. =Roland=, _m._, Rowland, Rolando. =Romain=, _m._, Romanus. Jules —; _Giulio Romano_. =Roméo=, _m._, Romeo. =Rosalie=, _f._, Rosaline. =Rose=, _f._, Rose, Rosa. =Rosemonde= (rôz-mond), _f._, Rosamund, Rosamond. =Rosine=, _f._, Rosine, Rosina. =Roxane=, _f._, Roxana. =Ruben= (-bin), _m._, Reuben. =Rufin=, _m._, Rufinus. =Ruisdael=, _m._, Ruysdael. S =Sabine=, _f._, Sabina. =Salluste=, _m._, Sallust. =Salmonée=, _m._, Salmoneus. =Salomon=, _m._, Solomon. =Salvien= (-viin), _m._, Salvian. =Samson= (sanson), _m._, Samson, Sampson. =Sancho Pança=, _m._, Sancho Panza. =Sapho=, _f._, Sappho. =Sara=, _f._, Sarah. =Sardanapale=, _m._, Sardanapalus. =Saturne=, _m._, Saturn. =Saturnin=, _m._, Saturninus. =Saül=, _m._, Saul. =Saumaise=, _m._, Salmasius. =Savinien=, _m._, Savinian. =Savonarole=, _m._, Savonarola. =Scipion=, _m._, Scipio. — l’Africain; _Scipio Africanus_. — l’Asiatique; _Scipio Asiaticus_. =Sébastien= (-tiin), _m._, Sebastian. =Sédécias= (-âs), _m._, Zedekiah. =Séjan=, _m._, Sejanus. =Sélène=, _f._, Diana; Selene. =Sem= (sè-m), _f._, Shem. =Sémélé=, _f._, Semele. =Sénèque=, _m._, Seneca. =Sennachérib=, _m._, Sennacherib. =Séphora=, _f._, Zipporah. =Septime=, _m._, Septimius, Septimus. =Sergeste=, _m._, Sergestus. =Sévère=, _m._, Severus. =Sforce=, _m._, Sforza. =Sichée=, _m._, Sichæus. =Sidoine Apollinaire=, _m._, Sidonius Apollinaris. =Sigismond=, _m._, Sigismund. =Silène=, _m._, Silenus. =Silvain=, _m._ _V._ =Sylvain=. =Silvestre=, _m._, Silvester. =Siméon=, _m._, Simeon. =Simonide=, _m._, Simonides. =Sisyphe=, _m._, Sisyphus. =Sixte=, _m._, Sextus. — Quint; _Sixtus the Fifth_. =Sminthée=, _m._, Smintheus. =Socin=, _m._, Socinus. =Socrate=, _m._, Socrates. =Sophie=, _f._, Sophia, Sophy. =Sophocle=, _m._, Sophocles. =Sophonie=, _m._, Zephaniah. =Sophonisbe=, _f._, Sophonisba. =Sosie=, _m._, Sosia. =Sosthène=, _m._, Sosthenes. =Stace=, _m._, Statius. =Stanislas= (-lâs), _m._, Stanislaus. =Stéphanie=, _f._, Stephania. =Stésichore= (-kor), _m._, Stesichorus. =Stilicon=, _m._, Stilicho. =Strabon=, _m._, Strabo. =Suénon=, _m._, Sweyn. =Suétone=, _m._, Suetonius. =Sulpice=, _m._, Sulpicius. =Susanne=, _f._, Susan, Susannah. =Susette=, =Suzon=, _f._, Susey, Susy. =Sylvain=, _m._, Sylvan, Sylvanus. =Sylvestre=, _m._, Sylvester. =Sylvie=, _f._, Sylvia. =Symmaque= (sim-mak), _m._, Symmachus. T =Tacite=, _m._, Tacitus. =Tamerlan=, _m._, Tamerlane. =Tancrède=, _m._, Tancred. =Tantale=, _m._, Tantalus. =Tarquin=, _m._, Tarquinius. =Tarquinie=, _f._, Tarquinia. _le_ =Tasse=, _m._, Tasso. =Tatius= (ta-sius), _m._, Tatius. =Taxile=, _m._, Taxilus. =Télégone=, _m._, Telegonus. =Télémaque=, _m._, Telemachus. =Télèphe=, _m._, Telephus. =Térée=, _m._, Tereus. =Térence=, _m._, Terence. =Terpandre=, _m._, Terpander. =Terpsichore= (-kor), _f._, Terpsichore. =Tertullien= (-liin), _m._, Tertullian. =Thaïs= (ta-îs), _f._, Thais. =Thalès= (-lès), _m._, Thales. =Thalie=, _f._, Thalia. =Thamar=, _f._, Tamar. =Thémis= (-mîs), _f._, Themis. =Thémistocle=, _m._, Themistocles. =Théocrite=, _m._, Theocritus. =Théodat=, _m._, Theodatus. =Théodora=, _f._, Theodora. =Théodore=, _m._, Theodorus, Theodore. =Théodose=, _m._, Theodosius. =Théodosie=, _f._, Theodosia. =Théophane=, _m._, Theophanes. =Théophile=, _m._, Theophilus. =Théophraste=, _m._, Theophrastus. =Théopompe=, _m._, Theopompus. =Théramène=, _m._, Theramenes. =Thérèse=, _f._, Theresa. =Thersite=, _m._, Thersites. =Thésée=, _m._, Theseus. =Thibaut=, _m._, Theobald. =Thomassine=, _f._, Thomasin. =Thrasybule=, _m._, Thrasybulus. =Thrasymède=, _m._, Thrasymedes. =Thucydide=, _m._, Thucydides. =Thyeste=, _m._, Thyestes. =Tibère=, _m._, Tiberius. =Tibulle=, _m._, Tibullus. =Tigrane=, _m._, Tigranes. =Timagène=, _m._, Timagenes. =Timarque=, _m._, Timarchus. =Timée=, _m._, Timæus. =Timocrate=, _m._, Timocrates. =Timoléon=, _m._, Timoleon. =Timophane=, _m._, Timophanes. =Timothée=, _m._, Timothy, Timotheus. _le_ =Tintoret=, _m._, Tintoretto. =Tiridate=, _m._, Tiridates. =Tite=, _m._, Titus. =Tite-Live=, _m._, Livy. =Tithon=, _m._, Tithonus. _le_ =Titien= (-siin), _m._, Titian. =Titus= (-tûs), _m._, Titus. =Tobie=, _m._, Tobias. =Toinette=, =Toinon=, _f._, Antonia. =Tribonien= (-niin), _m._, Tribonian. =Triptolème=, _m._, Triptolemus. _le_ =Trissin=, _m._, Trissino. =Trogue-Pompée= (trog-), _m._, Trogus Pompeius. =Troïle=, _m._, Troilus. =Tubalcaïn=, _m._, Tubal-Cain. =Tullie= (tul-lî), _f._, Tullia. =Tullius= (tul-liûs), _m._, Tully, Tullius. =Tydée=, _m._, Tydeus. =Tyndare=, _m._, Tyndareus. =Typhée=, _m._, Typhœus. =Typhon=, _m._, Typhon. =Tyrtée=, _m._, Tyrtæus. U =Ugolin=, _m._, Ugolino. =Ulpien= (-piin), _m._, Ulpian. =Ulrique=, _f._, Ulrica. =Ulysse=, _m._, Ulysses. =Uranie=, _f._, Urania. =Urbain=, _m._, Urban. =Urie=, _m._, Uriah. =Ursule=, _f._, Ursula. V =Valentin=, _m._, Valentine. =Valentine=, _f._, Valentine. =Valentinien= (-niin), _m._, Valentinian. =Valère=, _m._, Valerius. =Valérie=, _f._, Valeria. =Valérien= (-riin), _m._, Valerian. =Varron=, _m._, Varro. =Vatace=, _m._, Vataces. =Venceslas=, _m._, Wenceslas. =Vénus= (-nûs), _f._, Venus. =Véronèse=, _m._, Veronese. =Véronique=, _f._, Veronica. =Vertumne= (-tum-n), _m._, Vertumnus. =Vespasien= (-ziin), _m._, Vespasian. =Vespuce=, =Améric=, _m._, Amerigo Vespucci. =Véturie=, _f._, Veturia. =Vichnou=, _m._, Vishnu. =Victoire=, _f._, Victoria. =Victoria=, _f._, Victoria. =Victorien=, _m._, Victorian. =Victorin=, _m._, Victorinus. =Virgile=, _m._, Virgil. =Virginie=, _f._, Virginia. =Viriathe=, _m._, Viriathus. =Vitruve=, _m._, Vitruvius. =Vivien= (-viin), _m._, Vivian. =Vulcain=, _m._, Vulcan. W =Wiclef=, _m._, Wicliffe, Wycliffe. =Wilhelmine=, _m._, Wilhelmina. X =Xanthippe=, _m._, Xantippus. =Xanthippe=, _f._, Xantippe. =Xénocrate=, _m._, Xenocrates. =Xénophane=, _m._, Xenophanes. =Xerxès= (gzèrcès), _m._, Xerxes. =Ximénès= (gzim-nès), _m._, Ximenes. Z =Zacharie= (zakarî), _m._, Zachariah, Zachary. =Zachée=, _m._, Zaccheus. =Zébédée=, _m._, Zebedee, Zebediah. =Zénobie=, _f._, Zenobia. =Zénon=, _m._, Zeno. =Zéphire=, _m._, Zephyr, Zephyrus. =Zoïle=, _m._, Zoilus. =Zopyre=, _m._, Zopyrus. =Zoroastre=, _m._, Zoroaster. =Zorobabel=, _m._, Zerubbabel. =Zosime=, _m._, Zosimus. VOCABULARY OF ANCIENT AND MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. A =Abdère=, _f._, Abdera. =Abruzze=, =L’=, _f._, Abruzzo. =Abruzzes=, =Les=, _f.pl._, the Abruzzi. =Abyssinie=, _f._, Abyssinia. =Acadie=, _f._, Acadia. =Acarnanie=, _f._, Acarnania. =Achaïe= (aka-î), _f._, Achaia. =Achantis=, =L’=, _m._, Ashantee. =Achéron=, =L’=, _m._, the Acheron. =Açores=, =Les=, _f.pl._, the Azores. =Acre=, _or_ =St. Jean d’Acre=, _m._, Acre. =Adriatique=, _f._, the Adriatic. =Afrique=, _f._, Africa. =Agrigente=, _m._, Agrigentum. =Aigle=, =Cap de l’=, _m._, Eagle-Point. =Aix-la-Chapelle=, _n.f._, Aix-la-Chapelle, Aachen. =Albanie=, _f._, Albania. =Albe=, _f._, Alba, Alva. =Albion=, =L’=, _f._, Albion. =Aléoutiennes= (îles), _f.pl._, the Aleutian Islands. =Alep=, _m._, Aleppo. =Alexandrette=, _f._, Alexandretta. =Alexandrie=, _f._, Alexandria. =Algarve=, _f._, Algarva. =Alger=, _m._, Algiers. =Algérie=, _f._, Algeria. =Alicante=, _f._, Alicant. =Allegany=, =Les Monts=, _m._, the Alleghany Mountains. *=Allemagne=, _f._, Germany. La mer d’—; _the German Ocean_. =Alpes=, _f.pl._, Alps. _Basses-—_; the Lower Alps. _Hautes-—_; the Upper Alps. =Alphée=, _m._, Alpheus. =Alsace= (alza-s), =L’=, _f._, Alsace. =Amarapoura= _or_ =Umerapoura=, _m._, Amarapoora. =Amazones= (fleuve des), _m._, the Amazon river, Maranon. =Ambracie=, _f._, Ambracia. =Amérique=, _f._, America. Etats Unis d’—; _United States of America_. =Amirauté=, =Îles de l’=, _f._, Admiralty Islands. =Amis=, =Îles des=, _f._, Friendly Islands. =Anatolie=, _f._, Anatolia. =Ancône=, _f._, Ancona. =Andalousie=, _f._, Andalusia. =Andes=, =Les=, _f._, the Andes. =Andorre=, =La République d’=, _m._, Andorra. =Andrinople=, _f._, Adrianople. =Angleterre=, _f._, England. *=Anguille=, =L’=, _f._, Snake’s Island. =Annam=, =L’=, _m._, Annam. =Anse=, _f._ _V._ =Hanse=. =Anséatiques=, =Villes=, _f._ _V._ =Hanséatiques=. =Antigoa=, _f._, Antigua. *=Antilles=, =Les=, _f.pl._, the West Indies. Grandes —; _the Greater Antilles_. Petites —; _the Lesser Antilles_. La mer des —; _the Caribbean Sea_. =Antioche=, _f._, Antioch. =Anvers= (anvèrs), _m._, Antwerp. =Aorne=, _m._, Aornus. =Aoude=, _m._, Oude. =Apennins=, =Les=, _m.pl._, Apennines. =Apulie=, _f._, Apulia. =Aquilée=, _f._, Aquilea. =Aquitaine=, _f._, Aquitaine, Aquitania. =Arabie=, _f._, Arabia. — Heureuse; _Arabia Felix_. — Déserte; _Arabia Deserta_. — Pétrée; _Arabia Petræa_. =Aragon=, _m._, Aragon. =Arbèles=, _f._, Arbela. =Arcadie=, _f._, Arcadia. =Archipel=, =L’=, _m._, the Archipelago. =Arcole=, _f._, Arcola. =Ardennes= (ardè-n), =Les=, _f._, Ardennes. =Argentine=, =La République=, the Argentine Republic, Argentina. =Argolide=, _f._, Argolis. =Argovie=, _f._, Aargau. =Arménie=, _f._, Armenia. =Armorique=, _f._, Armorica. =Asie=, _m._, Asia. — Mineure; _Asia Minor_. =Assise=, _f._, Assisi. =Assyrie=, _f._, Assyria. =Astrakan=, _m._, Astrakhan. =Asturies=, =Les=, _f.pl._, the Asturias. =Athènes=, _f._, Athens. =Atlantique=, =L’=, _m._, the Atlantic. =Atlas= (-lâs), _m._, Atlas. =Attique=, _f._, Attica. =Augsbourg=, _m._, Augsburg. =Aulide=, _f._, Aulis. *=Aurigny=, _m._, Alderney. =Ausonie=, =L’=, _f._, Ausonia (poet. for Italy). =Australasie=, =L’=, _f._, Australasia. =Australie=, =L’=, _f._, Australia. =Autriche=, _f._, Austria. =Auxerre= (ô-sèr), _m._, Auxerre; _x_ sounded as _ss_. =Auxonne= (ô-so-n), _m._, Auxonne. =Aventin=, =L’=, _m._, the Aventine. =Averne=, =L’=, _m._, Averno. =Azincourt=, _m._, Agincourt. =Azof=, _m._, Azov. La mer d’—; _the Sea of Azov_. B =Babylone=, _f._, Babylon. =Babylonie=, _f._, Babylonia. =Bactriane=, _f._, Bactriana. =Bade=, _f._, Baden. =Baffin=, =Baie de=, _f._, Baffin’s Bay. =Bahama=, =Les Îles=, _f._, the Bahama Islands _or_ the Bahamas. =Bahia=, _m._, Bahia. =Bâle=, _f._, Basle, Basel. =Baléares=, =Les Îles=, _f.pl._, the Balearic Isles. =Baltique=, =La=, _f._, the Baltic. =Barbade=, _f._, Barbadoes. =Barbaresques=, =États=, _m._, the Barbary States. =Barbarie=, =La=, _f._, Barbary. =Barboude=, _f._, Barbuda. =Barcelone=, _f._, Barcelona. =Barcelonnette=, _f._, Barcelonnette. =Basan=, _m._, Bashan. =Batavia=, _f._, Batavia (capital of Java). =Batavie=, =La=, _f._, Batavia (Holland). =Bavière=, _f._, Bavaria. =Belgique=, =La=, _f._, Belgium. =Béloutchistan=, _m._, Beloochistan. =Bénarès= (-rès), _m._, Benares. =Bénévent=, _m._, Benevento. =Bengale= (bingal), _m._, Bengal. Le Golfe du —; _the Bay of Bengal_. =Béotie=, _f._, Beotia. =Bergame=, _f._, Bergamo. =Berg-op-zoom=, _m._, Bergen-op-zoom. =Berks= (=Comté de=), Berkshire. =Berlin=, _m._, Berlin. =Bermudes=, =Les=, _f.pl._, the Bermudas. =Berne=, _f._, Bern. =Bersabée=, _f._, Beersheba. =Bessarabie=, _f._, Bessarabia. =Béthanie=, _f._, Bethany. =Bethléem= (bètlé-èm), _f._, Bethlehem. =Bétique=, _f._, Bætica. =Beydjapour=, _m._, Bejapoor. =Birman Empire=, =Le=, _m._, Burmah. =Biscaye=, _f._, Biscay. La Mer _or_ le Golfe de —; _the Bay of Biscay_. _V._ =Gascogne=. =Bithynie=, _f._, Bithynia. =Blanc=, =Le Cap=, _m._, Cape Blanco. =Bohème=, =La=, _f._, Bohemia. *=Bologne=, _f._, Bologna. =Bolonais=, _m._, Bolognese. =Bone=, _f._, Bona. =Borysthène=, _m._, Borysthenes. =Bosnie=, _f._, Bosnia. =Bosphore=, =Le=, _m._, Bosphorus. =Bothnie=, _f._, Bothnia. =Boukarest=, =Bucharest= (-rèst), _m._, Bucharest. =Boukharie=, _f._, Bukaria, Bucharia. *=Boulogne=, Boulogne. *=Bourgogne=, _f._, Burgundy. =Bragance=, _f._, Braganza. =Brahmapoutre=, _m._, Brahmapootra. =Brandebourg= (brandbour), _m._, Brandenburg. =Brème=, _m._, Bremen. =Brésil=, =Le=, _m._, Brazil. *=Bretagne=, _f._, Brittany (France). La Grande —; _Great Britain_. La Nouvelle —; _New Britain_. =Brindes=, _m._, Brindisi. =Britanniques=, =Les Îles=, _f._, British Isles. =Brousse=, _m._, Broussa. =Brunswick= (bronsvick), _m._, Brunswick. =Bruxelles= (brussèl; _x_ sounded as _ss_), _f._, Brussels. =Bucharie= (bukarî), _f._ _V._ =Boukharie=. =Bude=, _m._, Buda. =Buénos-Ayres= (buénozèr), _m._, Buenos Ayres. =Bulgarie=, _f._, Bulgaria. =Byzance=, _f._, Byzantium. C =Caboul=, _m._ _V._ =Kaboul=. =Cachemire=, =Le=, _m._, (kashmir), Cashmere, (town) Cashmere. =Cadix=, _f._, Cadiz. =Cadmée=, =La=, _f._, Cadmea. =Cafrerie=, =La=, _f._, Kaffraria. =Caire=, =Le=, _m._, Cairo. =Calabre=, _f._, Calabria. =Calais= (kalê), _m._, Calais. Le Pas-de-—; _the Straits of Dover_. =Calédonie=, _f._, Caledonia. =Calicut= (-kut), _m._, Calicut. =Californie=, _f._, California. Basse-—, Vielle-—; _Lower_, or _Old_, _California_. Haute-—, Nouvelle-—; _Upper California_. =Calvados= (-dos), _m._, Calvados. =Calvaire=, _m._, Calvary. Le Mont —; _Mount Calvary_. =Cambaye= (kambê), _m._, Cambay. =Cambodge=, _f._, Cambodia. *=Campagne de Rome=, _f._, Campagna Romana. =Campanie=, _f._, Campania. =Campêche=, _f._, Campeachy. =Canada=, _m._, Canada. Bas-—; _Lower Canada_. Haut-—; _Upper Canada_. =Canarie=, =La Grande=, _f._, Grand Canary. Les Iles —s; _the Canary Isles_. =Candie=, =Île de=, _f._, Candia. =Canée=, _f._, Canea. =Cannes=, _f._, Cannæ (in Italy), Cannes (France). =Cantorbéry=, _m._, Canterbury. =Cap=, _m._, Cape. Le — de Bonne Espérance; _Cape of Good Hope_. Le —; _Cape Town_. La Colonie du —; _Cape Colony_. =Capharnaüm= (-na-om), _m._, Capernaum. =Capoue=, _f._, Capua. =Cappadoce=, _f._, Cappadocia. =Caraïbes=, =Îles=, _f._, Leeward and Windward Islands. =Carinthie=, _f._, Carinthia. =Carniole=, _f._, Carniola. =Caroline=, _f._, Carolina. =Carpathes=, =Les Monts=, _m._, Carpathian Mountains. =Carrare=, _f._, Carrara. =Carthagène=, _f._, Carthagena. =Caspienne=, =La Mer=, _f._, Caspian Sea. =Castalie=, _f._, Castalia. *=Castille=, _f._, Castile. *=Catalogne=, _f._, Catalonia. =Catane=, _f._, Catana. =Caucase=, =Le=, _m._, Caucasus. =Céphalonie=, _f._, Cephalonia. =Césarée=, _f._, Cæsarea. =Cervin=, =Le Mont=, _m._, the Matterhorn. =Cévennes= (sé-vè-n), _f._, Cevennes. =Ceylan=, _m._, Ceylon. =Chalcédoine= (kal-), _f._, Chalcedon, Chalcedonia. =Chaldée= (kal-), _f._, Chaldea. =Chambéry=, _m._, Chambery. =Chanaan= (kana-an), _m._, Canaan. =Charybde= (karibe), _m._, Charybdis. =Chéronée= (ké-), _f._, Chæronea. =Chersonèse= (kèr-), _f._, Chersonese. =Chili=, =Le=, _m._, Chili. =Chine=, =La=, _f._, China. =Chypre=, _f._, Cyprus. =Cilicie=, _f._, Cilicia. =Circassie=, _f._, Circassia. =Cithéron=, _m._, Cithæron. =Cobourg=, _m._, Coburg. =Cochinchine=, _f._, Cochin China. =Cocyte=, _m._, Cocytus. =Coïmbre=, _f._, Coimbra. =Colchide= (-kid), _f._, Colchis. *=Cologne=, _f._, Cologne. =Colombie=, _f._, Columbia. =Colone=, _f._, Colonus. =Colonnes d’Hercule=, =Les=, _f.pl._, Hercules’ Pillars. =Compostelle=, _f._, Compostella. =Congo=, _m._, Congo. =Constantine=, _f._, Constantine, Constantina. =Copenhague= (kopè-nag), _f._, Copenhagen. =Corcyre=, _f._, Corcyra. *=Cordillères=, =Les=, _f.pl._, Cordilleras. =Cordoue=, _f._, Cordova. =Corée=, =La=, _f._, Corea. =Corfou=, _f._, Corfu. =Corinthe=, _f._, Corinth. *=Cornouailles=, =Le=, _m._, Cornwall. La pointe de —; _Land’s End_. *=Corogne=, =La=, _f._, Corunna. =Corse=, _f._, Corsica. =Cortone=, _f._, Cortona. =Côte des Esclaves=, _f._, Slave Coast. =Côte d’Ivoire=, _f._, Ivory Coast. =Côte d’Or=, _f._, Gold Coast (in Africa). =Courlande=, _f._, Courland. =Cracovie=, _f._, Cracow. =Crémone=, _f._, Cremona. =Crète=, _f._, Crete. =Crimée=, _f._, Crimea. =Croatie=, _f._, Croatia. =Cume=, _f._, Cuma. =Cumes=, _f._, Cumæ. =Curaçao=, _m._, Curaçoa. =Cynthe=, _m._, Cynthus. =Cynurie=, _f._, Cynuria. =Cythère=, _f._, Cythera. D =Dacie=, _f._, Dacia. =Dalécarlie=, _f._, Dalecarlia. =Dalmatie=, _f._, Dalmatia. =Damas= (-mâs), _f._, Damascus. =Damiette=, _f._, Damietta. =Danemark= (da-n-mark), =Le=, _m._, Denmark. =Dantzick=, _m._, Danzig. =Danube=, =Le=, _m._, the Danube. =Dardanelles=, =Les=, _f.pl._, the Dardanelles. =Dauphiné=, =Le=, _m._, Dauphiny. =Davis=, =Le Détroit=, _or_ =Canal=, =de=, _m._, Davis’ Strait. =Deccan=, =Le=, _m._, Deccan. =Dekhan=, _m._ _V._ =Deccan=. =Delphes=, _f._, Delphi. =Dents=, =Côte des=, _f._, Ivory Coast. =Devon=, =Le Comté de=, _m._, Devonshire. =Diémen= (diémè-n), =Terre de Van=, _f._, Van Diemen’s Land. =Djaguernat=, _m._, Juggernauth. =Djihoun=, _m._, Jihoon, Oxus, Amoo. =Dniéper=, _n.m._, Dnieper. =Dniester=, _m._, Dniester. =Dominique=, =La=, _f._, Dominica. *=Dordogne=, =La=, _f._, Dordogne. =Doride=, _f._, Doris. =Dorylée=, _f._, Dorylæum. =Doubs= (doo), =Le=, _m._, Doubs. =Douvres=, _m._, Dover. =Dresde=, _f._, Dresden. =Dunkerque=, _n.m._, Dunkirk. E =Êbre=, _m._, Ebro. =Ecbatane=, _f._, Ecbatana. =Écluse=, =L’=, _f._, Sluys. =Écosse=, _f._, Scotland. La Nouvelle —; _Nova Scotia_. =Édimbourg=, _m._ or _f._, Edinburgh. =Égée=, =La Mer=, _f._, the Ægean Sea. =Égine=, _f._, Ægina. =Égypte=, _f._, Egypt. Basse-—; _Lower Egypt_. Haute-—; _Upper Egypt_. Moyenne-—; _Middle Egypt_. =Élatée=, _f._, Elatea. =Elbe=, =Île d’=, _f._, the island of Elba, Elba. =Elbe=, (river) _m._, Elbe. =Élide=, _f._, Elis (country). =Élis= (élîs), _f._, Elis (capital). =Elseneur=, _f._, Elsinore. =Emmaüs= (èm-ma-ûs), _m._, Emmaus. =Engadine=, =L’=, _f._, the Engadine. =Éolie=, =Éolide=, _f._, Eolia. =Éphèse=, _f._, Ephesus. =Épices=, =Îles aux=, _f._, the Spice Islands. =Épidamne= (-dam-n), _m._, Epidamnus Dyrrachium. =Épidaure=, _f._, Epidaurus. =Épire=, _f._, Epirus. =Équateur=, =République de l’=, _f._, Ecuador. =Érétrie=, _f._, Eretria. =Érié=, =Le Lac=, _m._, Lake Erie. =Escaut=, _m._, Scheldt. =Esclave=, =Lac de l’=, _m._, Slave Lake. =Esclaves=, =Côte des=, _f._, Slave Coast. =Esclavonie=, _f._, Sclavonia. *=Espagne=, _f._, Spain. =Estramadure=, =L’=, _f._, Estramadura. =États-Unis=, =Les=, _m.pl._, the United States. =Éthiopie=, _f._, Ethiopia. =Etna=, _m._, Etna. =Étolie=, _f._, Etolia. =Étrurie=, _f._, Etruria. =Eubée=, _f._, Eubœa. =Euphrate=, =L’=, _m._, Euphrates. =Europe=, =L’=, _f._, Europe. F =Falkland=, =Les Îles=, _f.pl._, the Falkland Islands. =Féroë= (fèr), =Les Îles=, _f.pl._, the Faroe Islands. =Fernambouc=, _m._ _V._ =Pernambouc=. =Ferrare=, _f._, Ferrara. =Figuières= (fighièr), _f._, Figueras. =Finistère=, =Cap=, _m._, Land’s End (in England); Cape Finisterra (in Spain). =Finistère= (Département du), _m._, Department of Finistère (France). =Finlande=, _f._, Finland. =Fionie=, _f._, Fuhnen, Funen, Fyen. =Flandre=, _f._, Flanders. =Flessingue= (flè-sing), _m._, Flushing. =Floride=, _f._, Florida. =Fontarabie=, _f._, Fontarabia. =Forêt-Noire=, _f._, Black Forest. =Formose=, _f._, Formosa. =Forth=, =Golfe du=, _m._, the Frith _or_ Firth of Forth. =France=, _f._, France. =Francfort=, _m._, Frankfort. =Franconie=, _f._, Franconia. =Fribourg=, _m._, Fribourg (Switz.). =Fribourg=, _m._, Freiburg (Ger.). =Frioul=, _m._, Friuli. =Frise=, =La=, _f._, Friesland. G =Gabaon=, _m._, Gibeon. =Gabon=, =Le=, _m._, the Gaboon. =Gadès=, _m._, Gades (Cadiz). =Gaëte=, _f._, Gaeta. =Galaad=, _m._, Gilead. =Galatie=, _f._, Galatia. =Galgala=, _m._, Gilgal. =Galice=, _f._, Galicia (in Spain). =Galicie=, _f._, Galicia (in Austria). =Galilée=, _f._, Galilæa, Galilee. =Galles=, =Le Pays de=, _m._, Wales. La Nouvelle-Galles du Sud; _New South Wales_. =Gambie=, _f._, Gambia. =Gand=, _m._, Ghent. =Gange=, _m._, Ganges. *=Gascogne=, _f._, Gascony. Le Golfe de —; _the Bay of Biscay_. =Gaule=, =La=, _f._, Gaul. =Géants=, =Chaussée des=, _f._, Giant’s Causeway. =Gédrosie=, _f._, Mekran. =Gènes=, _f._, Genoa. =Genève=, _f._, Geneva. =Géorgie=, _f._, Georgia. =Germanie=, _f._, Germany. =Gessen= (jècè-n), _m._, Goshen. =Ghattes=, =Les=, _f.pl._, the Ghauts. =Girone=, _f._, Gerona. =Glasgow=, _m._, Glasgow. =Gnesne=, _f._, Gnesen. =Gœttingue= (gheutīn-g), _m._, Göttingen. =Golconde=, _f._, Golconda. =Gothembourg= (gotanbour), _m._, Gottenburg. =Gothie=, _f._, Gothland. =Gottingue=, _m._ _V._ =Gœttingue=. =Goudelour= (goodloor), _m._ _V._ =Kaddalor=. =Goudjerate=, _m._ _V._ =Guzzerat=. =Graines=, =Côtes des=, _f._, Grain Coast. =Grampians=, =Monts=, _m.pl._, Grampian Mountains. =Granique=, =Le=, _m._, the Granicus. =Grèce=, _f._, Greece. =Grenade=, _f._ (province and island), Granada. La Nouvelle —; _New Granada_. =Groënland= (gro-inlan), _m._, Greenland. =Groningue= (-nīng), =Groningen=, _m._, Groningen. =Guadalquivir= (gooadalkivir), _m._, Guadalquivir. =Guadeloupe= (gooadloop), _f._, Guadeloupe. =Guatémala= (gooa-), _m._, Guatemala. =Gueldre= (ghèldr), _f._, Guelders, Guelderland. =Guernesey=, _f._, Guernsey. =Guyane=, =Guiane= (ghia-n), =La=, _f._, Guiana. =Guinée=, _f._, Guinea. =Guyenne=, _f._, Guienne. =Guzzerat=, _m._, Guzerat. H †=Haarlem=, _m._ _V._ =Harlem=. †=Hainaut=, _m._, Hainault. =Haïti=, _f._, Hayti. =Halicarnasse=, _f._, Halicarnassus. †=Hambourg=, _m._, Hamburg. †=Hanovre=, =Le=, _m._, Hanover. †=Hanse=, _f._, Hanse-Towns. †=Hanséatiques=, =Villes=, _f._, Hanse-Towns. =Hapsbourg=, _m._, Hapsburg. †=Harlem= (-lè-m), _m._, Harlem, Haarlem. †=Havane=, =La=, _f._, Havana. †=Havre=, =Le=, _m._, Havre. =Hawaii=, _m._, Hawaii, Owhyhee. †=Haye= (hê), =La=, _f._, the Hague. =Hébre=, =L’=, (river), _m._, Hebreus. =Hébrides=, =Les=, _f._, Hebrides. =Hélicon=, _m._, Helicon. =Hellespont=, _m._, Hellespont. =Helvétie=, _f._, Helvetia. =Héraclée=, _f._, Heraclea. =Herculanum= (-nom), _m._, Herculaneum. =Herzégovine=, _f._, Herzegovina. =Hespérie=, _f._, Hesperia. =Hesse=, =La=, _f._, Hesse. =Hibernie=, _f._, Hibernia. =Hindoustan=, _m._, Hindoostan, Hindustan. †=Hollande=, _f._, Holland. †=Hombourg=, _m._, Homburg. =Honduras=, =Le=, _m._, Honduras. =Hongrie=, _f._, Hungary. =Hudson=, =La Baie de=, _f._, Hudson’s Bay. =Huningue= (unin-g), _m._, Huningen. =Hydaspe=, _m._, Hydaspes (Jeloum). =Hydraote=, _m._, Hydraotes (Ravee). =Hymette=, =L’=, (mountain), _m._, Hymettus, _or_ Mount Hymettus. =Hyphase=, _m._, Hyphasis (Beyas, Sutlej?). =Hyrcanie=, _f._, Hyrcania. I =Ibérie=, _f._, Iberia. =Icarie=, _f._, Icaria. =Icarienne=, =Mer=, _f._, Icarian Sea. =Idalie=, _f._, Idalia. =Idumée=, _f._, Idumea. =Iéna=, _m._, Jena. =Île=, _f._, island. —s du Vent; _the Windward Islands_. —s sous le Vent; _the Leeward Islands_. =Île-de-France=, _f._, Isle of France, Mauritius. =Illyrie= (il-lirî), _f._, Illyria. =Ilion=, _m._, Ilium (Troy). =Inde=, _f._, India. Les —s; _the Indies_, _India_. —s Occidentales; _West Indies_. —s Orientales; _East Indies_. La mer des —s; _the Indian Ocean_. =Indo-Chine=, _f._, Indo-China. =Indostan=, _m._ _V._ =Hindoustan=. =Ingrie=, _f._, Ingria. =Ionie=, _f._, Ionia. =Ioniennes=, =Îles=, _f.pl._, the Ionian Isles. =Irlande=, _f._, Ireland. La mer d’—; _the Irish Sea_. =Isaurie=, _f._, Isauria. =Islande=, _f._, Iceland. =Istrie=, _f._, Istria. =Italie=, _f._, Italy. =Ithaque=, _f._, Ithaca. =Ivoire=, =La Côte d’=, _f._, the Ivory Coast. J =Jagernaut=, _m._ _V._ =Djaguernat=. =Jamaïque=, =La=, _f._, Jamaica. =Japon=, =Le=, _m._, Japan. =Jéricho= (jériko), _f._, Jericho. =Jersey= (jerzè), _f._, Jersey. =Jérusalem= (-lè-m), _f._, Jerusalem. =Jourdain=, =Le=, _m._, Jordan. =Judée=, _f._, Judæa. =Jutland=, =Le=, _m._, Jutland. K =Kaboul=, _m._, Cabool, Kabul, Cabul. =Kachgar=, _m._, Cashgar. =Kaddalor=, _m._, Cuddalore. =Kamtchatka=, =Le= (kamtchatka), _m._, Kamtschatka. =Karnatic=, =Le=, _m._, the Carnatic. =Kécho=, _f._, Kachao. =Kouriles=, _f.pl._, Kuriles. =Krapacks= (Monts), _m._, the Carpathian Mountains. L =Lacédémone=, _f._, Lacedæmon. =Lacknau=, _m._ _V._ =Luknow=. =Laconie=, _f._, Laconia. =Lancastre=, _m._, Lancaster. =Laodicée=, _f._, Laodicea. =Laponie=, =La=, _f._, Lapland. =Laquedives= (lakdive), =Les= (îles), _f._, Laccadives, Laccadive Islands. =Larisse=, _f._, Larissa. =Larrons=, =Îles des=, or =Mariannes=, =Îles=, _f._, the Ladrone Islands, Mariana Islands. =Leipsick= (lèpsik), _m._, Leipsic, Leipzig. =Lemnos=, _f._, Lemnos. =Lépante=, _f._, Lepanto. =Lerme=, _f._, Lerma. =Lerne=, _m._, Lerna. =Léthé=, =Le=, _m._, Lethe. =Leuctres=, _f._, Leuctra. =Levant=, =Le=, _m._, the Levant. =Leyde=, _f._, Leyden. =Liban=, _m._, Lebanon. =Liburnie=, _f._, Liburnia. =Libye=, _f._, Libya. =Liège=, _m._, Liège. =Ligurie=, _f._, Liguria. =Limbourg=, _m._, Limburg (Holl.); Limbourg (Belg.). =Limousin=, =Le=, _m._, Limousin. =Lisbonne=, _f._, Lisbon. =Lithuanie=, _f._, Lithuania. =Livadie=, _f._, Livadia. =Livonie=, _f._, Livonia. =Livourne=, _m._, Leghorn. =Loire=, =La= (river), Loire. =Lombardie=, _f._, Lombardy. =Londres=, _m._, London. =Lorette=, _f._, Loretto. =Lorraine=, _f._, Lorraine. =Louisbourg=, _m._, Louisburg. =Louisiane=, =La=, _f._, Louisiana. =Lucanie=, _f._, Lucania. =Lucayes= (lukê), =Les=, _f.pl._, the Bahama Islands. =Luçon=, _f._, Luzon. =Lucques=, _f._, Lucca. =Luknow=, _m._, Lucknow. =Lunebourg=, _m._, Luneburg. =Lusace=, _f._, Lusatia. =Lusitanie=, _f._, Lusitania. =Lutèce=, _f._, (ancient Paris) Lutetia. =Lutzen= (-zè-n), _m._, Lutzen. =Luxembourg=, _m._, Luxemburg. =Lycaonie=, _f._, Lycaonia. =Lycie=, _f._, Lycia. =Lydia=, =La=, _f._, Lydia. =Lyon=, _m._, Lyons. =Lysimachie=, _f._, Lysimachia. M =Macédoine=, _f._, Macedonia. =Madère=, _f._, Madeira. =Maëstricht= (maèstrik), _m._, Maastricht. =Magdebourg=, _m._, Magdeburg. =Magellan=, =Le Détroit de=, _m._, the Straits of Magellan. =Mahrattes= (Indian tribe), _m._, Mahrattas. =Maine=, =Le=, _m._, Maine. =Maïssour=, _m._, Mysore. =Majorque=, _f._, Majorca. =Malaisie=, =La=, _f._, Malaysia. =Maldives=, =Les Îles=, _f.pl._, the Maldive Islands. =Malines=, _f._, Mechlin. =Malouines=, =Îles=, _f._, the Falkland Islands. =Malte=, _f._, Malta. =Man=, =L’Île de=, _f._, the Isle of Man. =Manche=, =La=, _f._, the British _or_ English Channel; (in Spain) La Manche. Les Îles de la —; _the Channel Islands_. =Mandchourie=, =La=, _f._, Manchuria. *=Manille=, _f._, Manila. =Mantinée=, _f._, Mantinea. =Mantoue=, _f._, Mantua. =Maragnon=, _m._, Maranon, Amazon. =Marguerite= (-ghĕrit), =La=, _f._, Margarita. =Mariannes=, =Îles=, _f._, Mariana Islands. _V._ =Larrons=. =Marienbourg= (mariinboor), _f._, Marienburg. =Marmara=, =La Mer de=, _f._, the Sea of Marmora. =Maroc=, _m._, Morocco. =Marquises=, =Les= (îles), _f.pl._, the Marquesas. *=Marseille=, _f._, Marseilles. =Martinique=, =La=, _f._, Martinique. =Maurice=, =L’Île=, _f._, Mauritius. _V._ =France=. =Mauritanie=, _f._, Mauritania. =Mayence= (ma-ian-s), _f._, Mentz, Mainz. =Mayenne= (ma-iè-n), =La=, _f._, the Mayenne. =Mecklembourg= (mèklinboor), _m._, Mecklenburg. =Mecque=, =La=, _f._, Mecca. =Médine=, _f._, Medina. =Méditerranée=, =La Mer=, _f._, the Mediterranean. =Mégare=, _f._, Megara. =Mein=, =Le=, _m._, the Main. =Mélinde=, _f._, Melinda. =Menton=, _m._, Mentone. =Méonie=, _f._, Mæonia. =Mésie=, _f._, Mœsia. =Mésopotamie=, =La=, _f._, Mesopotamia. =Messénie=, _f._, Messenia. =Messine=, _f._, Messina. Le Phare de —; _the Straits of Messina_. =Meuse=, _f._, the Meuse, Maas. =Mexico=, _m._, Mexico (town). =Mexique=, =Le=, _m._, Mexico (country). =Michigan=, =Lac=, _m._, Lake Michigan. =Middelbourg=, _m._, Middleburg. =Milanais=, =Le=, _m._, the Milanese. =Milet=, _m._, Miletus. =Mingrélie=, _f._, Mingrelia. =Minorque=, _f._, Minorca. =Minturnes=, _f._, Minturnæ. =Mississippi=, =Le=, _m._, the Mississippi. =Missouri=, =Le=, _m._, the Missouri. =Modène=, _f._, Modena. =Mœsie= (mézî), _f._ _V._ =Mésie=. =Moka=, _f._, Mocha, Mokha. =Moldavie=, =La=, _f._, Moldavia. =Moluques=, =Les=, _f.pl._, the Moluccas. =Mongolie=, _f._, Mongolia. =Moravie=, _f._, Moravia. =Morée=, _f._, Morea. =Moscou=, _m._, Moscow. =Moscovie=, _f._, Muscovy (Russia). =Moskova=, _or_ =Moskva=, _f._, Moscow. =Mossoul=, _f._, Mosul. =Mozambique=, =Le=, _m._, Mosambique. =Murcie=, _f._, Murcia. =Mycènes=, _f._, Mycenæ. =Mysie=, _f._, Mysia. N =Nancy=, _f._, Nancy. =Nankin=, _m._, Nankin, _or_ Nanking. =Nauplie=, _f._, Nauplia. =Navarin=, _m._, Navarino. =Navigateurs=, =Archipel des=, _m._, the Navigators’ Islands. =Néerlande=, =La=, _f._, the Netherlands. =Négrepont=, _f._, Negropont. =Népal=, _or_ =Népaul=, _m._, Nepaul. =Neustrie=, =La=, _f._, Neustria. =Nice=, _f._, (in France) Nice. =Nicée=, _f._, Nicæa, Nice. =Nicomédie=, _f._, Nicomedia. =Nicosie=, _f._, Nicosia. =Niger= (nijèr), =Le=, _m._, the Niger. =Nigritie=, =La=, _n.f._, Nigritia, Central Africa, Negroland. =Nil=, =Le=, _m._, Nile. =Nimègue= (nimè-g), _m._, Nimeguen. =Ninive=, _f._, Nineveh. *=Noailles=, _m._, Noailles. =Norique=, =La=, _f._, Noricum. =Normandie=, =La=, _f._, Normandy. =Norvège=, _or_ =Norwège=, =La=, _f._, Norway. =Nouvelle-Écosse=, =La=, _f._, Nova Scotia. =Nouvelle-Zemble=, =La=, _f._, Nova Zembla. =Novara=, _f._, Novare. =Nubie=, _f._, Nubia. =Numance=, _f._, Numantia. =Numidie=, =La=, _f._, Numidia. O =Océanie=, _f._, Oceania. =Oder= (odèr), =L’=, _m._, the Oder. =Ohio=, =L’=, _m._, the Ohio. =Oldenbourg= (oldinboor), _m._, Oldenburg. =Olympe=, _m._, Olympus. =Olympie=, _f._, Olympia. =Olynthe=, _f._, Olynthus. =Orange=, =La Colonie du Fleuve=, the Orange River Colony. =Orcades=, =Les=, _f.pl._, the Orkneys, _or_ the Orkney Islands. =Orchomène= (-ko-), _m._, Orchomenus. =Orégon=, =L’=, _m._, Oregon. =Orenbourg= (orinbour), _m._, Orenburg. =Orénoque=, =L’=, _m._, the Orinoco. =Orléans=, _m._ or _f._, Orleans. =Osnabruck=, _m._, Osnabruck. =Ostende=, _m._, Ostend. =Otahiti=, _f._, Otaheite. _V._ =Taïti=. =Otrante=, _m._, Otranto. =Ouessant=, _m._, Ushant. =Oural=, _m._, Ural. Les Monts —s; _the Ural Mountains_. P =Pactole=, =Le=, _m._, Pactolus. =Padoue=, _f._, Padua. =Palatinat=, _m._, Palatinate. =Palerme=, _f._, Palermo. =Palestine=, _f._, Palestina. =Palmyre=, _f._, Palmyra. =Pampelune= (panplu-n), _f._, Pampeluna. =Pamphylie=, =La=, _f._, Pamphylia. =Panama=, _f._, Panama. =Pannonie=, _f._, Pannonia. =Papouasie=, _f._, Papua. =Paraguay= (-ghè), =Le=, _m._, Paraguay. =Paris= (pari), _m._, Paris. =Parme=, _f._, Parma. =Parnasse=, =Le=, _m._, Parnassus. =Parthie=, _n.f._, Parthia. =Patagonie=, _f._, Patagonia. =Pathmos= (-môs), _f._, Patmos. =Patras= (patrâs), _m._, Patras. =Pausilippe=, _m._, Pausilippo. =Pavie=, _f._, Pavia. =Pays-bas=, =Les=, _m.pl._, the Netherlands. =Pégou=, _m._, Pegu. =Pékin=, _m._, Pekin, Peking. =Péloponnèse=, =Le=, _m._, Peloponnesus. =Pensylvanie= (pin-), _f._, Pennsylvania. =Péonie=, _f._, Pæonia. =Pergame=, _f._, Pergamos. =Périnthe=, _f._, Perinthus. =Permesse=, =Le=, _m._, the Permessus. =Pernambouc=, _m._, Pernambuco. =Pérou=, _m._, Peru. =Pérouse=, _f._, Perugia. =Perse=, _f._, Persia. =Perside=, _f._, Persis, Fars, Farsistan. =Persique=, =Le Golfe=, _m._, the Persian Gulf. =Pétersbourg=, =St.=, _m._, St. Petersburg. =Phalsbourg=, _m._, Phalsburg. =Pharsale=, _f._, Pharsalia. =Phénicie=, _f._, Phœnicia. =Philadelphie=, _f._, Philadelphia. =Philippes=, _f._, Philippi. =Philippines=, =Les Îles= _or_ =Les=, _f._, the Philippine Islands, _or_ the Philippines. =Philipsbourg=, _m._, Philipsburg. =Phocée=, _f._, Phocæa. =Phocide=, =La=, _f._, Phocis. =Phrygie=, _f._, Phrygia. =Picardie=, =La=, _f._, Picardy. =Piémont=, =Le=, _m._, Piedmont. =Pinde=, =Le=, _m._, Pindus. =Pirée=, =Le=, _m._, the Piræus. =Pise=, _f._, Pisa. =Plaisance=, _f._, Placentia. =Platée=, _f._, Platæa. =Podolie=, _f._, Podolia. =Polésie=, _f._, Polesia. =Pologne=, =La=, _f._, Poland. =Polynésie=, =La=, _f._, Polynesia. =Poméranie=, =La=, _f._, Pomerania. =Pomérellie=, _f._, Minor Pomerania. =Pompéi=, =Pompeïes= (ponpèis), _f._, Pompeii. =Pondichéry=, _m._, Pondicherry. =Pont=, =Le=, _m._, Pontus. =Pont-Euxin=, =Le=, _m._, the Euxine Sea. =Pontins=, =Marais=, _m._, Pontine Marshes. =Porto=, _m._, Porto, Oporto. =Pouille=, _f._, Apulia. =Presbourg=, _f._, Presburg. =Propontide=, =La=, _f._, Propontis. =Prusse=, =La=, _f._, Prussia. =Ptolémaïs= (-ma-îs), _f._, Ptolemais. =Pultava=, _m._, Pultava, Poltava. =Pyrénées=, =Les=, _f.pl._, the Pyrenees. Basses-—; _the Lower Pyrenees_. Hautes-—; _the Upper Pyrenees_. Q =Quebec= (kébèk), _m._, Quebec. =Queensland=, =Le=, _m._, Queensland. =Quiberon= (kibron), _m._, Quiberon. =Quimper= (kinpèr), _m._, Quimper. =Quirinal=, =Le=, _m._, the Quirinal. R =Raguse=, _f._, Ragusa. =Rangoun= (-goon), _m._, Rangoon. =Ratisbonne=, _f._, Ratisbon. =Ravenne=, _f._, Ravenna. =Reims=, _or_ =Rheims= (-rins), _m._, Rheims. =Rhétie=, =La=, _f._, Rhætia. =Rhin=, =Le=, _m._, the Rhine. =Rhodes= (rod), _f._, Rhodes. =Rhône=, =Le=, _m._, the Rhone. =Riviéra=, =Le=, _m._, the Riviera. =Rochelle=, =La=, _f._, Rochelle. =Rocheux=, =Monts=, _m.pl._, the Rocky Mountains. *=Romagne=, _f._, Romagna. =Rome=, _f._, Rome. =Rosette=, _f._, Rosetta. =Rotterdam= (rotèrdam), _m._, Rotterdam. =Roumanie=, _f._, Roumania. =Roumélie=, _f._, Roumelia. =Rubicon=, =Le=, _m._, the Rubicon. =Russie=, _f._, Russia. La — d’Asie; _Russia in Asia_. La — d’Europe; _Russia in Europe_. S =Saba=, _f._, Saba; Sheba. =Sabine=, _f._, Sabina. =Sagonte=, _f._, Saguntum. =Sahara=, _m._, Sahara. =Saïgon=, _m._, Saigon. =Saint-Ange=, _m._, Saint Angelo. =Saint-Domingue= (=Île de=), _f._, San Domingo. =Salamanque=, _f._, Salamanca. =Salamine=, _f._, Salamis. =Salerne=, _f._, Salerno. =Salonique=, _n.f._, Salonica. =Salzbourg=, _m._, Salzburg. =Samarcande=, _f._, Samarcand. =Samarie=, _f._, Samaria. =Samothrace=, _f._, Samothracia. =Santander= (-dèr), _m._, Santander. =Saragosse=, =La=, _f._, Saragossa. *=Sardaigne=, =La=, _f._, Sardinia. =Sardes=, _f._, Sardis. =Sarmatie=, _f._, Sarmatia. =Savoie=, _f._, Savoy. =Saxe=, =La=, _f._, Saxony. =Scamandre=, =Le=, _m._, Scamander. =Scandinavie=, =La=, _f._, Scandinavia. =Schaffhouse= (shafoo-z), _f._, Schaffhausen. =Schwarzbourg= (shvarzboor), _m._, Schwarzburg. =Sclavonie= _or_ =Slavonie=, _f._, Sclavonia. =Scythie=, _f._, Scythia. =Sébastopol= _or_ =Sévastopol=, _m._, Sebastopol. =Ségovie=, _f._, Segovia. =Séleucide=, _f._, Seleucis. =Séleucie=, _f._, Seleucia. =Sénégal=, =Le=, _m._, Senegal. =Sénégambie=, =La=, _f._, Senegambia. =Servie=, _or_ =Serbie=, _f._, Servia. =Seychelles=, =Les Îles=, _f.pl._, the Seychelles Islands, the Seychelles. =Shetland=, =Les Îles=, _f.pl._, the Shetland Islands, the Shetlands. =Sibérie=, _f._, Siberia. =Sichem= (sishè-m), _f._, Shechem. =Sicile=, =La=, _f._, Sicily. =Sienne= (siè-n), _f._, Sienna. =Silésie=, =La=, _f._, Silesia. =Silistrie=, _f._, Silistria. =Siloé=, _f._, Siloah, Siloam. =Siloh=, _m._, Shiloh. =Sinaï=, _m._, Sinai. =Sind=, =Le=, _m._, Sind _or_ Indus. =Sindhy=, =Le=, _m._, Sind (province). =Singapour=, _m._, Singapore. =Sion=, _f._, Zion. =Slavonie=, =La=, _f._, Slavonia. =Smyrne=, _f._, Smyrna. =Société=, =Îles de la=, _f._, Society Islands. =Sodome=, _f._, Sodom. =Sogdiane=, _f._, Sogdiana. =Soleure=, (canton, _m._; town, _f._), Soleure. =Solfatare=, =La=, _f._, the Solfatara. =Solway=, =Le Golfe de=, _m._, the Solway Firth _or_ Frith. =Sonde=, =Archipel de la=, _m._, Sunda Isles. Le Détroit de la —; _the Sunda Straits_. =Sorlingues= (-lin-g), =Îles=, _f._, the Scilly Isles. =Souabe=, _f._, Suabia. =Sparte=, _f._, Sparta. =Spire=, _m._, Speyer, Spires. =Spitzberg=, _m._, Spitzbergen. =Stagire=, _f._, Stagira. =Steinkerque= _or_ =Steenkerke=, _m._, Steenkerque. =Strasbourg=, _m._, Strasburg, Strasbourg. =Stuttgard=, _m._, Stuttgart. =Styrie=, _f._, Styria. =Suède=, _f._, Sweden. =Suisse=, =La=, _f._, Switzerland. =Sund= (Le Sond), _m._, The Sound. =Supérieur=, =Le Lac=, _m._, Lake Superior. =Surate=, _f._, Surat. =Suse=, _f._, Susa. =Syrie=, =La=, _f._, Syria. T =Tabago=, _f._, Tobago. =Table=, _n.f._ La Baie de la —; _Table Bay_. Le Mont de la —; _Table Mountain_. =Tage=, =Le=, _m._, the Tagus. =Taïti=, _f._, Otaheite, Tahiti. =Tamise=, _f._, Thames. =Tananarive=, _f._, Antananarivo. =Tanger=, _m._, Tangier. =Tarente=, _f._, Taranto. =Tarragone=, _f._, Tarragona. =Tarse=, _f._, Tarsus. =Tartarie=, _f._, Tartary. =Tasmanie=, =La=, _f._, Tasmania. =Tauride=, _f._, Taurida. =Ténare=, _m._, Tænarus. =Ténériffe=, _f._, Teneriffe. =Terceire=, _f._, Terceira. =Terracine=, _f._, Terracina. =Terre de Feu=, _f._, Tierra del Fuego. =Terre de Van Diémen=, _f._, Van Diemen’s Land, Tasmania. =Terre-Ferme=, _f._, Terra-Firma. =Terre-Neuve=, _f._, Newfoundland. =Terra-Sainte=, _f._, Holy Land. =Tessin=, =Tésin=, =Le=, _m._, Tessin; Ticino. =Thébaïde=, =La=, _f._, Thebaid. =Thèbes=, _f._, Thebes. =Thermopyles=, _f.pl._, Thermopylæ. =Thessalie=, _f._, Thessaly. =Thessalonique=, _f._, Thessalonica. =Thurgovie=, _f._, Thurgau. =Thuringe=, _f._, Thuringia. =Tibre=, =Le=, _m._, the Tiber. =Tigre=, =Le=, _m._, the Tigris. =Tilsitt= (tilsit), _m._, Tilsit. =Tolède=, _f._, Toledo. =Tonkin=, =Tonquin=, =Le=, _m._, Tonquin. =Tortone=, _f._, Tortona. =Tortose=, _f._, Tortosa. =Toscane=, _n.f._, Tuscany. =Transvaal=, =Le=, _m._, the Transvaal. =Transcaucasie=, =La=, _f._, Transcaucasia. =Transylvanie=, =La=, _f._, Transylvania. =Trasimène=, =Le Lac=, _m._, Lake Trasimene. =Travnik=, _m._, Travinik. =Trébie=, _f._, Trebia. =Trébizonde=, _f._, Trebizond. =Trente=, _f._, Trent. =Trèves=, _m._, Treves, Trier. =Trèvise=, _f._, Treviso. =Trieste=, _f._, or _m._, Trieste. =Trinité=, _f._, La Trinité, Trinidad. =Trinquemale=, _or_ =Trincomaly=, _m._, Trincomalee. =Triphylie=, _f._, Triphylia. =Troade=, _f._, Troas, Troad. =Troie=, _f._, Troja, Troia. =Tubingue=, _f._, Tubingen. =Tunisie=, =La=, _f._, Tunisia. =Turcomanie=, _f._, Turkomania. =Turquie=, _f._, Turkey. =Tyr=, _f._, Tyre. U =Ukraine=, _f._, Ukraine, Ukraina. =Umerapoura=, _m._ _V._ =Amarapoura=. =Upsal=, _m._, Upsala. =Urbin=, _m._, Urbino. =Utique=, _f._, Utica. =Utrecht= (utrèk), _m._, Utrecht. V =Valachie= (-kî), _f._, Wallachia. =Valence=, _f._, Valencia. =Valette=, =La=, _f._, Valetta. =Valteline=, _f._, Valtellina. =Vancouver=, =L’Île de=, _f._, Vancouver Island. =Van Diémen=, =Terre de=, _f._, Van Diemen’s Land, Tasmania. =Varsovie=, _f._, Warsaw. =Vénétie=, _f._, Venetia. =Venise=, _f._, Venice. =Venosa=, _f._, Venosa. *=Vermeille=, =Mer=, _f._, the Gulf of California. =Vérone=, _f._, Verona. *=Versailles= (vèr-), _m._, Versailles. =Vert=, =Le Cap=, Cape Verd. =Vésuve=, _m._, Vesuvius. =Vicence=, _f._, Vicenza. =Vienne= (viè-n), _f._, Vienna (in Austria); Vienne (France). =Virginie=, =La=, _f._, Virginia. =Vistule=, _f._, Vistula. =Viterbe=, _f._, Viterbo. =Vitoria=, _f._, Vittoria. =Volhynie=, =La=, _f._, Volhynia. W =Westphalie= (vès-fa-lî), _f._, Westphalia. =Wight= (waïte), =Île de=, _f._, Isle of Wight. =Wurtzbourg=, _m._, Wurzburg. X =Xanthe=, =Le=, _m._, the Xanthus. =Xérès=, _or_ =Xérez= (gzérès), _m._, Xeres. Y =Yémen= (iémè-n), =Le=, _m._, the Yemen. =Yucatan=, =Le=, _m._, Yucatan. Z =Zélande=, _f._, Zealand. La Nouvelle —; _New Zealand_. =Zoulouland=, =Le=, _m._, Zululand. =Zurich= (zurik), _m._, Zurich. =Zuyderzée=, =Le=, _m._, the Zuider Zee _or_ Zuyder Zee. =Zollverein=, =Le=, _m._, the Zollverein. TABLE OF FRENCH COINS, MEASURES, AND WEIGHTS, REDUCED TO AMERICAN MONEY, MEASURES, AND WEIGHTS. ------------------+---------------- Francs. Centimes. | Dollars. Cents. ------------------+---------------- Fr. c. | _$_ _cts._ 0 05 | 0 01·0 0 10 | 0 01·9 0 25 | 0 04·8 0 50 | 0 09·6 1 00 | 0 19·3 2 00 | 0 38·6 3 00 | 0 57·9 4 00 | 0 77·2 5 00 | 0 96·5 6 00 | 1 15·8 7 00 | 1 35·1 8 00 | 1 54·4 9 00 | 1 73·7 10 00 | 1 93·0 11 00 | 2 02·3 12 00 | 2 21·6 13 00 | 2 50·9 14 00 | 2 70·2 15 00 | 2 89·5 16 00 | 3 08·8 17 00 | 3 28·1 18 00 | 3 47·4 19 00 | 3 66·7 20 00 | 3 86·0 ------------------+---------------- ITINERARY MEASURE. Mètre (ten-millionth part of the arc of a meridian between the pole and the equator) 3·2808992 feet. Décamètre (10 mètres) 32·808992 feet. Kilomètre (1,000 mètres) 1093·633 yards. Myriamètre (10,000 mètres) 6·2138 miles. LONG MEASURE. Décimètre (10th of a mètre) 3·937079 inches. Centimètre (100th of a mètre) 0·393708 inch. Millimètre (1,000th of a mètre) 0·03937 inch. MEASURE OF CAPACITY. Litre (1 cubic décimètre) 1·760773 pint. Décalitre (10 litres) 2·2009668 gallons. Hectolitre (100 litres) 22·009668 gallons _or_ 2·7512 bushels. Kilolitre, mètre cube (1,000 litres) 3·426 quarters. Décilitre (10th of a litre) 0·1760773 pint. Centilitre (100th of a litre) 0·01760773 pint. SUPERFICIAL MEASURE. Are (100 square mètres) 0·098845 rood. Hectare (10,000 square mètres) 2·471143 acres. Centiare (1 square mètre) 1·196033 sq. yd. SOLID MEASURE. Stère (1 cubic mètre) 1·31 cubic yard _or_ 35 cubic feet, 547 cubic inches. Décastère (10 stères) 13·1 cubic yards. Décistère (10th of a stère) 3 cubic feet, 918·7 cubic inches. WEIGHTS. Gramme (weight of 1 cubic centimètre of water in its state of maximum density, or 39½° Fahr., or 4 degrees centigrade) 15·4325 grains troy. Décagramme (10 grammes) 6·43 dwt. Hectogram. (100 grammes) 3·527 oz. avoir. _or_ 3·216 oz. troy. Kilogram. (1,000 grammes) 2·2055 lb. avoir. _or_ 2·6803 lb. troy. Quintal métrique (100 kilogs.) 220·548 lb. Millier, tonneau de mer (1,000 kilogrammes) 19 cwt. 12 oz. 5 dwt. Décigram. (10th of 1 gram.) 1·5432 grain. Centigramme (100th do.) 0·15432 grain. Milligramme (1,000th do.) 0·015432 grain. THERMOMETER. 0° Centigrade Melting ice 32° Fahrenheit. 100° do. Boiling water 212° do. 0° Réaumur Melting ice 32° do. 80° do. Boiling water 212° do. TABLE OF AMERICAN COINS, MEASURES, AND WEIGHTS, REDUCED TO FRENCH MONEY, MEASURES, AND WEIGHTS. ----+--------+------++----+-------------+----------- | $ | Cts. || | Feet. | Inches. ----+--------+------++----+-------------+----------- | f. c.| f. c.|| | Mètres. | Centimèt. 1 | 5·18 | 0·05 || 1 | 0·30479449 | 2·539954 2 | 10·26 | 0·10 || 2 | 0·60953898 | 5·079908 3 | 15·54 | 0·16 || 3 | 0·91438348 | 7·619862 4 | 20·73 | 0·21 || 4 | 1·21917796 | 10·159816 5 | 25·91 | 0·26 || 5 | 1·52397245 | 12·699770 6 | 32·09 | 0·31 || 6 | 1·82876694 | 15·239724 7 | 36·27 | 0·36 || 7 | 2·13356143 | 17·779678 8 | 41·45 | 0·41 || 8 | 2·43835592 | 20·319632 9 | 46·63 | 0·47 || 9 | 2·74315041 | 22·859586 10 | 51·81 | 0·52 || 10 | 3·0479449 | 25·399540 11 | 56·99 | 0·57 || 11 | 3·3527394 | 27·939494 12 | 62·18 | 0·62 || 12 | 3·6575338 | 30·479448 13 | 67·36 | 0·67 || 13 | 3·9623284 | 33·019402 14 | 72·54 | 0·73 || 14 | 4·2671229 | 35·559356 15 | 77·72 | 0·78 || 15 | 4·5719173 | 38·09931 20 | 103·63 | 1·04 || 20 | 6·0953898 | 50·79908 25 | 129·53 | 1·30 || 25 | 7·6198622 | 63·49885 50 | 259·07 | 2·59 || 50 | 15·2397245 |126·99770 75 | 388·60 | 3·89 || 75 | 22·8595867 |190·49655 100 | 518·13 | 5·18 ||100 | 30·4794490 |252·99540 ----+--------+------++----+-------------+----------- TROY WEIGHT. Grain = 0·064798 grammes. Pennyweight = 1·55517 ” Ounce = 31·1035 ” Pound = 0·373242 kilogrammes. LONG MEASURE. 3 feet (1 yard ) = 0·914383 mètres. Fathom (2 yards) = 1·828766 ” Pole, Rod (5½ ” ) = 5·02911 ” Furlong (220 ” ) = 201·16437 ” Mile (1760 ” ) = 1609·3149 ” AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. Dram = 1·17718 grammes. Ounce = 28·3495 ” Pound = 0·4535926 kilogrammes. Quarter = 12·6956 ” Hundredweight = 50·802 ” Ton = 1016·048 ” SUPERFICIAL MEASURE. Square inch = 6·451366 centimètres carrés. ” foot = 0·0929 mètres carrés. ” yard = 0·836097 ” ” Rod = 25·291939 ” ” Rood (1,210 square yards) = 10·116775 ares. Acre (4,840 ” ” ) = 40·4671 ” Square mile = 2·588881 kilomètres carrés. SOLID MEASURE. Cubic inch = 16·386176 centimètres cubes. ” foot = 0·028214 mètre cube. ” yard = 0·764502 ” ” MEASURE OF CAPACITY. Pint = 0·5679 litres. Quart = 1·1359 ” Gallon = 4·543458 ” Peck = 9·086916 ” Bushel = 36·34766 ” Sack = 1·0904 hectolitres. Quarter = 2·90781 ” Chaldron = 13·08516 ” ENGLISH-FRENCH DIVISION. For the explanation of the Abbreviations used in the English-French Division, see pages xxiv., xxv. — indicates the repetition of the English word. Words in parentheses serve to complete the sense of those words that precede or follow them. When two or more French nouns of the same gender follow, their gender is indicated after the last noun only. The pronunciation of English words is indicated, in the English-French Division, in the same manner as that of French words in the French-English division, and represented in all cases by means of the French spelling, with the exception of: 1st, _th_ hard, which is expressed by (th); 2d, _th_ soft, ” ” (_th_); 3d, _g_, when hard before _e_, _i_, or _y_, by (gh). ☉ Indicates obsolete French words. (ant.) Indicates obsolete English words. A GENERAL ENGLISH-FRENCH DICTIONARY. A =a=, première lettre de l’alphabet, a; (mus.) la _m._ A Number 1; _À Numéro 1 bis_. A 1; _de première classe_; (fig.) _de première qualité_. Not to know A from B; _ne savoir ni A ni B_. =a= (é), _indefinite art._, un, _m._, une, _f._ Three — day; _trois par jour_. — shilling — pound; _un schelling la livre_. =aback´= (a-bak), _adv._, en arrière, à l’improviste, au dépourvu; (nav.) sur le mât; coiffé. To lay a sail —; (nav.) _coiffer une voile_. To take —; _déconcerter_, _interdire_. =ab´acus= (-keuss), _n._, (arch., math.) abaque, _m._ =abaft´=, _adv._, (nav.) à l’arrière, en arrière. =abaft´=, _prep._, (nav.) en arrière =de=; arrière. =abai´sance=, _n._ _V._ =obeisance=. =aban´don= (a-ba’n’do’n), _v.a._, abandonner, délaisser, quitter, renoncer =à=, se désister =de=. =aban´doned=, _adj._, abandonné; perdu de débauches, dissolu. — wretch; _misérable_, _n.m._ =aban´doning= (-don’igne), _n._, abandon, _m._ =aban´donment= (-don’mè-nte), _n._, abandon, délaissement; laisser aller, _m._ =abase´= (-béss), _v.a._, abaisser, avilir, ravaler. =abase´ment= (-béss-mè-nte), _n._, abaissement, avilissement, ravalement, _m._ =abash´= (abashe), _v.a._, déconcerter, intimider, interdire, confondre, décontenancer. =abate´=, _v.a._, rabattre; diminuer; amoindrir; remettre; abolir; (to lower _or_ weaken) affaiblir, atténuer; calmer, apaiser; (com.) faire remise =de=. =abate´= (-béte), _v.n._, diminuer, s’affaiblir, s’arrêter; (of the weather) se calmer, s’apaiser; (of the wind _or_ temperature, etc.) tomber, baisser, s’abattre; perdre de sa force. =abate´ment= (-mè-nte), _n._, diminution, _f._; rabais, _m._, réduction; remise, _f._, affaiblissement, _m._ =abat´ing= (-bét’igne), _n._, diminution, remise, _f._; rabais, _m._ =ab´ature= (-tiour), _n._, (hunt.) abattures, _f.pl._ =abb=, _n._, chaîne de tisserand, _f._ =ab´bacy=, _n._, dignité d’abbé, _f._; droits abbatiaux, _m.pl._ =abbat´ical= _or_ =abba´tial= (-shial), _adj._, abbatial. =ab´bé= (-bé), _n._, abbé, _m._ =ab´bess=, _n._, abbesse, _f._ =ab´bey=, _n._, abbaye, _f._ =ab´bot=, _n._, abbé, supérieur d’abbaye, _m._ =ab´botship=, _n._, dignité d’abbé, fonctions d’abbé, _f._ =abbre´viate= (ab-bri-vié-te), _v.a._, abréger; raccourcir. =abbrevia´tion=, _n._, abréviation, _f._ =abbre´viator= (-teur), _n._, abréviateur, _m._ =abbre´viatory= (-via-tori), _adj._, qui abrège, abréviatif. =abbre´viature= (-via-tioure), _n._, abrégé, _m._ =a b c=, _n._, a b c, a b c d (alphabet), _m._ =ab´dicate= (-kéte), _v.a._ and _n._, abdiquer. =abdica´tion= (-ké-), _n._, abdication, _f._ =abdic´ative=, _adj._, qui fait abdiquer. =abdo´men=, _n._, (anat.) abdomen. Lower part of the —; _bas-ventre_, _m._ =abdom´inal= _or_ =abdom´inous= (-neusse), _adj._, abdominal. =abdu´cent= (-diou-cè-nte), _adj._, (anat.) abducteur. =abduct´= (-deucte), _v.a._, détourner, enlever (clandestinement et par force). =abduc´tion= (-deuk-), _n._, abduction, _f._; détournement (de mineur), _m._; (jur.) enlèvement, _m._ =abduc´tor= (-deuk-tuer), _n._, (anat.) abducteur, muscle abducteur, _m._ =abeceda´rian= (é-bi-ci-da-ri-a-n), _n._, abécédaire, _m._ =abece´dary= (é-bi-ci-dé-ri), _adj._, abécédaire. =abed´=, _adv._, au lit, couché. =aber´rance= _or_ =aber´rancy= (-bèr-ra-nse, -ci), _n._, égarement, _m._, aberration, erreur, _f._ =aber´rant=, _adj._, égaré. =aberra´tion= (-bèr-ré-), _n._, aberration, _f._; éloignement, écart, égarement, _m._; erreur, _f._ =abet´= (-bète), _v.a._, soutenir, encourager, appuyer; exciter, soutenir, favoriser; provoquer. =abet´ment= (-bèt’mè-nte), _n._, appui, encouragement, _m._, provocation, _f._ =abet´ter= _or_ =abet´tor= (-teur), _n._, fauteur, instigateur, _m._ =abey´ance=, _n._, (jur.) vacance; attente, suspension, _f._ In —; _en suspens_; _périmé_. To fall into —; _tomber en désuétude_; _périmer_; _cesser d’être en vigueur_. =abhor´=, _v.a._, abhorrer, avoir en horreur, détester. =abhor´rence= (-rè-nce), _n._, horreur, _f._ =abhor´rent= (-rè-nte), _adj._, odieux, en horreur; incompatible, contraire. =abhor´rently=, _adv._, avec horreur. =abhor´rer= (-reur), _n._, ennemi juré _or_ déclaré, _m._ =abide´= (-baïde), _v.a._, attendre; supporter, subir, souffrir. =abide´=, _v.n._, demeurer; rester, souffrir. To — by (a decision); _s’en tenir_ =à=; _rester fidèle_ =à=. To — by (the laws); _respecter_, _se conformer_ =à=, _ne pas enfreindre_. =abid´er= (-baïdeur), _n._, personne qui demeure, _f._, habitant, _m._ =abid´ing= (-baïdigne), _n._, séjour, _m._, demeure, _f._ =abid´ing=, _adj._, constant, permanent. =ab´igail=, _n._, suivante, soubrette, _f._ =abil´ity=, _n._, capacité, portée, _f._, pouvoir, talent, _m._, habileté, faculté, _f._, moyens, _m.pl._; pouvoir, _m._ =abintest´ate= (-bi-n-tès-téte), _adv._, (jur.) ab intestat. =ab´ject=, _adj._, abject, bas, vil. =ab´ject=, _n._, (ant.) un homme abject, un misérable, _m._ =abject´edness=, _n._, abjection, _f._, avilissement, _m._ =abjec´tion= (-sheune), _n._, abjection, _f._, abaissement, _m._, bassesse, _f._ =ab´jectly=, _adv._, d’une manière abjecte. =ab´jectness=, _n._, abjection, _f._ =abjura´tion= (-jiou-ré-), _n._, abjuration, _f._ =abjure´= (-jiour), _v.a._, abjurer, renoncer. =abjur´er= (-jiour’eur), _n._, (personne) qui abjure, _f._ =ablac´tate= (-téte), _v.a._, sevrer. =ablaquea´tion= (-koui-é-), _n._, (hort.) déchaussement, _m._ =abla´tion= (-blé-), _n._, enlèvement, _m._; soustraction, _f._, retranchement, _m._ =ab´lative=, _n._, (gram.) ablatif, _m._ In the —; _à l’ablatif_. =a´ble= (ê-b’l), _adj._, capable; habile; robuste. To be — to; _pouvoir_; _être à même_ =de=; _être en état_ =de=; _être en mesure_ =de=. He is — to do it; _il peut le faire_. As one is —; _selon ses moyens_. =a´ble-bodied= (ê-b’l-bodide), _adj._, fort, robuste, vigoureux; (nav.) habile, valide; bon pour le service. =ab´len= (a-blène) _or_ =ab´let= (-blète), _n._, (ich.) able, _m._, ablette, _f._ =a´bleness= (ê-b’l-nèsse), _n._, pouvoir, _m._; habileté, force; capacité, _f._ =ab´luent= (a-bliou-), _adj._, qui nettoie, détersif. =ablu´tion= (-bliou-), _n._, ablution, _f._ =a´bly= (ê-bli), _adv._, habilement, adroitement. =abnega´tion= (-ni-ghé-), _n._, abnégation, renonciation, _f._ =ab´negator= (-ni-ghé-teur), _n._, personne qui nie, _f._ =abnoda´tion= (-dé-), _n._, (hort.) enlèvement des nœuds, _m._ =abnorm´al=, _adj._, anormal, irrégulier, difforme. =abnorm´ally=, _adv._, anormalement, irrégulièrement. =aboard´= (a-bôrde), _adv._, (nav.) à bord. To fall — a ship; _aborder un navire_. =abode´= (a-bôde), _n._, séjour, _m._, demeure, résidence, habitation, _f._ =abol´ish=, _v.a._, abolir; détruire; anéantir; annuler. =abol´ishable=, _adj._, abolissable. =abol´isher=, _n._, (personne) qui abolit, _f._ =abol´ishment=, _n._, abolissement, _m._ =aboli´tion= (abolish’eunn), _n._, abolition, destruction; suppression, extinction, _f._ =aboli´tionist=, _n._, abolitionniste, _m._ =abom´inable=, _adj._, abominable, infâme, détestable. =abom´inableness=, _n._, abomination, _f._ =abom´inably=, _adv._, abominablement. =abom´inate= (-mi-néte), _v.a._, avoir en abomination, détester. =abomina´tion=, _n._, abomination, horreur, _f._ =aborig´inal= (-bô-rid’ji-), _adj._, aborigène, primitif. =aborig´ines= (-nize), _n.pl._, aborigènes, _m.pl._ =abor´tion=, _n._, avorton; avortement, _m._ =abor´tive=, _adj._, abortif; avorté. =abor´tively=, _adv._, en avortant; avant terme; (fig.) prématurément; sans résultat, sans succès. =abor´tiveness=, _n._, état d’avorton; avortement; (fig.) insuccès, _m._ =abound´= (-baou-n-de), _v.n._, abonder =en=, regorger =de=. To — with; _avoir en abondance_, _avoir abondance_ =de=. =abound´ing= (-digne), _adj._, abondant, — in; _abondant_ =en=. =about´= (a-baoute), _adv._, autour, tout autour, à l’entour; à la ronde; çà et là; environ; sur le point =de=. To be — to; _être sur le point_ =de=. All —; _partout_. Round —; _tout autour_ =de=. Somewhere — here; _près d’ici_, _de ce côté_, _dans les environs_. Left —; _demi-tour à gauche_. Right —; _demi-tour à droite_. =about´=, _prep._, autour =de=; auprès =de=; touchant, au sujet =de=; sur; vers; dans; par. — that; _là-dessus_, _à ce sujet_, _à cet égard_. To talk —; _parler_ =de=. To set — anything; _se mettre à quelque chose_. — the streets; _par les rues_. — two o’clock; _vers les deux heures_. I have no money — me; _je n’ai pas d’argent sur moi_. To be — anything; _être occupé à quelque chose_; _s’occuper_ =de=. To go —; (nav.) _virer de bord_. What is it all —? _de quoi s’agit-il?_ _qu’est-ce que c’est?_ To bring —; _accomplir_, _faire réussir_, _venir à bout_ =de=. =above´=, _prep._, au-dessus =de=; au-delà =de=; plus =de=; (nav.) en amont =de=. To be — (a thing); _être trop fier_ =pour=. =above´=, _adv._, en haut; là-haut; au-dessus; ci-dessus. — all; _surtout_, _pardessus tout_. — board; _ouvertement_, _franchement_; _à jeu découvert_. To play fair and — board; _jouer cartes sur table_. — ground; _sur terre_; _de ce monde_, _en vie_. — named; _susdit_; _précité_. — named; _surnommé_. =abrade´= (-bréde), _v.a._, user par le frottement; produire une abrasion; faire une écorchure, écorcher; miner, rouger. =a´braham= _or_ =a´bram=, _n._, fourbe fieffé, _m._ To sham —; _jouer l’innocence patriarcale_; _faire le bon apôtre_. =abra´sion= (a-b’ré-jeune), _n._, action d’enlever par le frottement, _f._; (med.) abrasion, écorchure, _f._; (coin) frai, _m._ =abreast´= (-brèste), _adv._, de front; à côté l’un de l’autre; vis-à-vis; (nav.) par le travers. =abridge´=, _v.a._, abréger; retrancher, réduire; restreindre; priver =de=. =abridg´er= (-djeur), _n._, abréviateur, _m._ =abridg´ment= (-brid-je-), _n._, abrégé, _m._, réduction, diminution, _f._; précis, _m._ =abroach´= (-brôt-she), _adv._, en perce; (fig.) en avant, en train. =abroad´= (a-brôde), _adv._, dehors; à la promenade; à l’étranger; au large, au loin, au dehors; partout. To get _or_ be, —; (fig.) (of news) _courir_, _se répandre_; _transpirer_. To be all —; _être tout désorienté_, _tout ahuri_. To be blazed —; _être éventé_, _proclamé_, _publié_, _colporté_. The school-master is —; _l’éducation est partout_. =ab´rogate= (a-brô-ghéte), _v.a._, abroger. =abroga´tion=, _n._, abrogation; révocation, _f._ =abrupt´=, _adj._, brusque; brisé; saccadé; abrupt; rocailleux, escarpé; précipité, à pic. =abrup´tion=, _n._, rupture, _f._ =abrupt´ly=, _adv._, brusquement, avec précipitation; subitement. =abrupt´ness=, _n._, brusquerie, rudesse, précipitation, aspérité, _f._; (of rocks, etc.) escarpement, _m._ =ab´scess=, _n._, abcès, _m._ =abscind´=, _v.a._, retrancher. =ab´sciss= _or_ =abscis´sa=, _n._, (geom.) abscisse, _f._ =abscis´sion= (-j’eune), _n._, amputation, _f._ =abscond´= (-ko’nde), _v.n._, se cacher; disparaître; fuir la justice; se soustraire aux poursuites de la justice. =abscond´edly=, _adv._, en cachette. =abscond´er= (-deur), _n._, fugitif, contumax, _m._ =abscond´ing=, _n._, action de se cacher; fuite, _f._ =ab´sence= (-sè-nse), _n._, absence, _f._; éloignement, _m._; absence d’esprit, distraction, _f._, manque, _m._ =ab´sent=, _adj._, absent; distrait. =absent´=, _v.a._, éloigner. To — one’s self; _s’absenter_. =absentee´= (-ti), _n._, absent, _m._ — landlord; _propriétaire forain_. =absentee´ism= (-ti-izme), _n._, absentéisme, _m._ =absent´er=, _n._, absent, déserteur (de son poste), _m._ =absinthe´=, _n._, absinthe, _f._ =absin´thiated= (-thié-), _adj._, absinthé. =ab´sis=, _n._ _V._ =apsis=. =ab´solute= (-liou-te), _adj._, absolu; vrai; parfait; pur et simple, positif; (arrant) vrai, franc, véritable. He is an — knave; _c’est un franc coquin_. =ab´solutely=, _adv._, absolument, positivement. =ab´soluteness=, _n._, pouvoir absolu; arbitraire, _m._ =absolu´tion=, _n._, absolution; (rel.) absoute, _f._ =ab´solutism=, _n._, absolutisme, _m._ =ab´solutist=, _n._, absolutiste, _m._ =absol´utory=, _adj._, absolutoire. =absolve´= (-zolve), _v.a._, absoudre =de=, délier, décharger, dégager, affranchir, exempter =de=. =ab´sonant=, _adj._, en contradiction, absurde, contraire à la raison; discordant. =absorb´=, _v.a._, absorber; engloutir. =absorbabil´ity=, _n._, faculté d’absorber, _f._ =absorb´able=, _adj._, (chem.) qui peut être absorbé, absorbable. =absorb´ent=, _n._, absorbant, _m._ =absorb´ent=, _adj._, absorbant. =absorp´tion=, _n._, absorption; extinction, _f._ =absorp´tive=, _adj._, qui a la faculté d’absorber; (chem.) absorbant. =abstain´= (-tè-ne), _v.n._, s’abstenir =de=, se priver =de=; se réfuser. =abstain´er=, _n._, abstenant. Total —; _abstème_, _qui ne boit pas d’alcool_. =abstain´ing=, _n._, abstinence, _f._ =abste´mious= (-mieusse), _adj._, abstème, sobre, modéré. =abste´miously=, _adv._, sobrement; avec abstinence, avec modération. =abste´miousness=, _n._, abstinence, modération; sobriété, _f._ =absten´tion= (-tè’n-), _n._, abstinence, privation, abstention, _f._ =absterge´= (-teurd’je), _v.a._, (surg.) absterger; nettoyer. =abster´gent=, _n._, abstergent, _m._ =abster´gent=, _adj._, abstergent, abstersif. =abster´sion= (-teur-), _n._, (med.) abstersion, _f._ =abster´sive=, _adj._, abstersif, abstergent. =ab´stinence= _ou_ =ab´stinency=, _n._, abstinence, abstention, _f._ =ab´stinent=, _adj._, abstinent, sobre. =ab´stinently=, _adv._, avec abstinence. =abstract´=, _v.a._, abstraire, extraire, soustraire =à=, dérober =à=, (to sum up) résumer; séparer =de=; (to exclude) faire abstraction =de=. =abstract´=, _adj._, abstrait. =ab´stract=, _n._, résumé, _m._; analyse, _f._; extrait, relevé, précis, _m._; état sommaire, _m._ In the —; _par abstraction_, _en théorie_. =abstract´ed=, _adj._, séparé; soustrait, dérobé; purifié, abstrait; distrait. =abstract´edly= (-téd’-), _adv._, d’une manière abstraite; par abstraction. =abstract´edness=, _n._, caractère abstrait, _m._ =abstract´er= (-teur), _n._, abréviateur, _m._ =abstrac´tion=, _n._, abstraction; distraction, préoccupation; soustraction, _f._ =abstract´ive=, _adj._, abstractif; extrait. =ab´stractly=, _adv._, abstractivement, abstraitement, d’une manière abstraite. =ab´stractness=, _n._, abstraction; nature abstraite, _f._ =abstruse´= (-strouss), _adj._, caché; abstrus, abstrait, obscur. =abstruse´ly=, _adv._, d’une manière abstruse, abstraitement, obscurément. =abstruse´ness=, _n._, qualité abstruse, obscurité, _f._ =absurd´= (-seurde), _adj._, absurde. =absurd´ity=, _n._, absurdité, _f._ =absurd´ly=, _adv._, absurdement. =absurd´ness=, _n._, absurdité, _f._ =abun´dance= (-beune-), _n._, abondance; prospérité; quantité, _f._; grand nombre, _m._ =abun´dant=, _adj._, abondant, riche. — in; _abondant_ =en=. =abun´dantly=, _adv._, abondamment; largement; en abondance. =abuse´= (-biouze), _v.a._, abuser =de=; médire =de=; dire des sottises =à=, injurier, dire des injures =à=, maltraiter; tromper. =abuse´= (-biousse), _n._, abus, _m._; sottises, insultes, injures, _f.pl._ =abus´er= (-biou-zeur), _n._, abuseur, insulteur; grossier personnage, _m._ =abus´ive= (-biouss’-), _adj._, injurieux; abusif. =abus´ively=, _adj._, injurieusement, abusivement. =abus´iveness=, _n._, langage injurieux _ou_ outrageant; grossièreté, _f._ =abut´= (-beute), _v.n._, aboutir =à=; s’embrancher; confiner =à=. =abut´ment=, _n._, but, _m._; borne; contre-fiche; (of a bridge) culée, _f._; arc-boutant, _m._ =abut´ment-pier= (-pieurre), _n._, pile-culée, butée, _f._ =abut´ting=, _n._, embranchement (of a road), _m._ =abyss´=, _n._, abîme, gouffre, _m._ =aca´cia= (-shia), _n._, acacia, _m._ Indian —; _tamarinier_, _m._ Common —; _acacia vulgaire_. Bastard —; _robinier_, _m._ =academ´ic= (-dé-), _n._, académicien, _m._ =academ´ic= _ou_ =academ´ical=, _adj._, académique, universitaire, classique, scolaire. =academ´ically=, _adv._, académiquement. =academi´cian= (-di-), _n._, académicien, _m._; de l’académie. =acad´emism=, _n._, système académique, _m._ =acad´emist=, _n._, académicien; académiste, _m._ =acad´emy= (-di-), _n._ académie; école, pension, institution, _f._, pensionnat, _m._ — figure; _académie_, _étude_, _f._ =acan´tha= (-tha), _n._, (bot.) acanthe, branche-ursine, _f._ =acan´thine= (-thine), _adj._, fait d’épine. =acan´thus= (-theusse), _n._, (bot., arch.) acanthe, _f._ =accede´= (-cîde), _v.n._, accéder =à=, consentir =à=, monter =sur= le trône. =accel´erate= (-leu-réte), _v.a._, accélérer, hâter, activer, précipiter, presser. =accelera´tion= (-ré-), _n._, accélération, _f._ =accel´erative=, _adj._, accélérateur. =accel´eratory= (-leu-ra-tori), _adj._, accélérant. =accendibil´ity=, _n._, (chem.) inflammabilité, _f._ =accend´ible=, _adj._, (chem.) inflammable. =accen´sion=, _n._, (chem.) inflammation, _f._ =ac´cent=, _n._, accent; ton; parler, _m._ =accent´=, _v.a._, accentuer; articuler. =accent´ing=, _n._, accentuation, _f._ =accent´uate= (-tiou-éte), _v.a._, accentuer. =accentua´tion=, _n._, accentuation, _f._ =accept´=, _v.a._, accepter, agréer, accueillir, recevoir; comprendre, entendre (l.u.). =accept´able=, _adj._, acceptable, agréable. =accept´ableness=, _n._, acceptabilité, _f._; mérite, bon accueil, droit au bon accueil, _m._ =accept´ably=, _adv._, agréablement. =accept´ance=, _n._, acceptation, _f._; accueil, _m._ Worth —; _qui vaut la peine d’être accepté_; _digne d’être offert_. To beg any one’s — of anything; _prier quelqu’un d’accepter_, _de vouloir bien accepter quelque chose_. To cancel an —; (com.) _annuler une acceptation_. To furnish with an —; _revêtir d’une acceptation_. To leave for —; _laisser à l’acceptation_. To refuse —; _refuser à l’acceptation_. To present for —; _présenter à l’acceptation_. To send out for —; _envoyer à l’acceptation_. =accepta´tion= (-té-), _n._, accueil, _m._; réception, faveur; (gram.) acception, _f._; sens, _m._ =accept´er= (-teur), _n._, (com.) accepteur, _m._ =accep´tion=, _n._, (gram.) acception, _f._; sens, _m._ =ac´cess=, _n._, accès, abord, _m._ Difficult of —; _d’un accès_, ou _abord_, _difficile_. =ac´cessary=. _V._ =accessory=. =acces´sible=, _adj._, accessible, abordable. =acces´sion=, _n._, accession, acquisition; addition, _f._; accroissement; (to a throne) avènement, _m._ =acces´sional=, _adj._, additionnel. =accesso´rial=, _adj._, de complicité. =acces´sorily=, _adv._, accessoirement. =acces´soriness=, _n._, état accessoire, _m._, complicité, _f._ =acces´sory=, _adj._, accessoire. =acces´sory=, _n._, complice, _m._ =ac´cidence=, _n._, rudiments de grammaire, _m.pl._ =ac´cident=, _n._, accident; incident; (of fire) sinistre; hasard, _m._ =accident´al=, _adj._, accidentel, fortuit, casuel. — light, _accident de lumière_. =accident´al=, _n._, accident. =accident´ally=, _adv._, accidentellement, fortuitement, par accident, casuellement, par hasard. =accident´alness=, _n._, nature accidentelle _or_ accessoire, _f._; cas imprévu, _m._ =acclaim´=, _n._, acclamation, _f._ =acclaim´=, _v.a._, acclamer =à=, applaudir =à=. =acclama´tion= (-mé-), _n._, acclamation, _f._ =acclam´atory=, _adj._, d’acclamation, d’applaudissement. =accli´mated=, _adj._, acclimaté. =acclima´tion= (-mé-), _n._, acclimatement, _m._; acclimatation, _f._ =acclimatiza´tion= (-ma-taï-zè-sheunn), _n._, acclimatation, _f._ =accliv´ity=, _n._, montée, pente, élévation, rampe, _f._ =accli´vous= (-veusse), _adj._, en rampe, montant. =accolade´=, _n._, accolade, _f._; embrassement, _m._ =accom´modable=, _adj._, accommodable. =accom´modate= (-déte), _v.a._, accommoder, ajuster; disposer; loger; obliger, servir; fournir, procurer. To — with a seat; _donner un siège_, _une place_ =à=. To — one’s self to; _s’accommoder_ =à=; _se prêter_ =à=. =accom´modated=, _adj._, accommodé. =accom´modately=, _adv._, convenablement. =accom´modating=, _adj._, accommodant; flexible. =accommoda´tion=, _n._, adaptation, _f._; accommodement, _m._; convenance, _f._; logement, _m._; (com.) facilités, _f.pl._ — bill; _billet de complaisance_. The accommodations are very good in this hotel; _on est très bien dans cet hôtel_. — ladder; (nav.) _échelle de commandement_. =accom´modator= (-teur), _n._, personne qui accommode, _f._ =accom´paniment=, _n._, accompagnement, _m._ =accom´panist=, _n._, (mus.) accompagnateur, _m._, accompagnatrice, _f._ =accom´pany=, _v.a._, accompagner. — with; accompagner =de=. =accom´plice=, _n._, complice, _m.f._ — with; _complice_ =de=. =accom´plish=, _v.a._, accomplir; former; effectuer; remplir; achever; opérer. =accom´plished= (-plish’te), _adj._, accompli, parfait, achevé; émérite. =accom´plisher= (-sheur), _n._, exécuteur, _m._ =accom´plishment=, _n._, accomplissement; talent, mérite, art d’agrément, _m._, connaissances, _f.pl._, qualité, _f._ =accompt´=. _V._ =account=. =accord´=, _n._, accord, consentement, accommodement, _m._ Of one’s own —; _de son propre mouvement_. With one —; _d’un commun accord_. In —; _d’accord_ =avec=, _conformément_ =à=. =accord´=, _v.a._, accorder; ajuster. =accord´=, _v.n._, s’accorder, être d’accord. =accord´ance=, _n._, accord, _m._; conformité, union, _f._ =accord´ant=, _adj._, d’accord =avec=, conforme =à=. =accord´ing=, _adj._, conforme =à=. =accord´ing as=, _conj._, selon que, suivant que. =accord´ing to=, _prep._, selon, suivant, conformément à, d’après. =accord´ingly=, _adv._, en conséquence, donc, aussi. =accord´ion=, _n._, accordéon, _m._ =accost´=, _v.a._, accoster, aborder. =accost´able=, _adj._, abordable. =accoucheur´=, _n._, accoucheur, _m._ =account´= (-caou-n-te), _n._, compte; récit, exposé, compte rendu, _m._, relation; importance; considération; raison; histoire; description, _f._; motif, sujet; poids, _m._; (com.) facture, _f._ Old —; _ancien compte_. Current —; _compte courant_. Outstanding —; _compte non soldé_. — agreed upon; _arrêté de compte_. Overdrawn —; _compte découvert_. Bank —; _compte de banque_. Cash —; _compte de caisse_. Stock —; _compte de capital_. Statement of an —; _état de compte_. Abstract of an —; _relevé de compte._ In — with; _en compte_ =avec=. As per — rendered; _suivant compte remis_. On — of; _pour le compte_ =de=. On — and risk of; _aux risques et pour le compte_ =de=. On no —; _pour rien au monde_. To call to —; _demander des explications_, or _compte_, =à=. To take an — of; _prendre note_ =de=. To take into —; _tenir compte_ =de=, (com.) _mettre en ligne de compte_. To turn to —; _tirer parti_ =de=. On joint —; _de compte en participation_. Per —; _suivant compte_. To appear in any one’s —; _figurer sur le compte de quelqu’un_. To audit an —; _vérifier un compte_. To balance an —; _balancer un compte_. To carry to —; _porter en compte_. To close an —; _clore un compte_. To compare —s; _confronter un compte_. To deliver an —; _remettre un compte_. To have a current — with; _être en compte courant_ =avec=. To keep —s; _tenir des livres_. To make out any one’s —; _établir le compte de quelqu’un_. To make up an —; _balancer un compte_. To note an —; _pointer un compte_. To open an —; _ouvrir un compte_. To pass to —; _passer en compte_. On joint _or_ mutual —; _de compte à demi_. Short —s make long friends; _les bons comptes font les bons amis_. On — of; _à cause_ =de=. On your —; _par égard pour vous_. By all —s; _au dire de tout le monde_ or _de l’aveu de tous_. To turn anything to —; _mettre quelque chose à profit_ or _tirer profit_ =de= _quelque chose_. To make — of; _faire cas_ =de=. To make no — of; _ne faire aucun cas_ =de=. The —s from China; _les nouvelles de la Chine_. =account´= (-caou-n-te), _v.a._, compter; estimer, regarder comme, réputer. =account´=, _v.n._, rendre compte =de=; expliquer; répondre =de=, rendre raison =de=. — for; _expliquer_, _justifier son action_. =accountabil´ity=, _n._, responsabilité, _f._ =account´able=, _adj._, responsable, comptable; explicable. =account´ableness=, _n._, responsabilité, _f._ =account´ant=, _n._, comptable; teneur de livres, _m._ — general; _chef de comptabilité_. =account´-book= (-bouke), _n._, livre de comptes, _m._ =accoup´le= (ac-keu-p’l), _v.a._, accoupler. =accou´ter= (-teur), _v.a._, équiper; accoutrer; parer; (pop.) affubler, fagoter. =accou´terment=, _n._, accoutrement, équipement, _m._ =accred´it=, _v.a._, accréditer. =accredita´tion= (-té-). _V._ =credence=. =accred´ited=, _adj._, accrédité. =accre´tion=, _n._, accroissement; (of earth) atterrissement, _m._ =accre´tive=, _adj._, croissant. =accrue´= (-crou), _v.n._, s’accroître; provenir =de=, résulter =de=, s’ensuivre, revenir =à=. =accum´bent=, _adj._, à demi couché. =accu´mulate= (ac-kiou-miou-léte), _v.a._, accumuler, entasser, amonceler. =accu´mulate=, _v.n._, s’accumuler, s’amonceler, s’entasser. =accu´mulate=, _adj._, accumulé. =accu´mulating=, _adj._, toujours croissant. =accumula´tion=, _n._, accumulation, _f._; amoncellement, amas; entassement; (jur.) cumul, _m._ =accu´mulative=, _adj._, qui accumule, accumulateur. =accu´mulatively=, _adv._, par accumulation. =accu´mulator= (-lé-teur), _n._, accumulateur, _m._, accumulatrice, _f._ =ac´curacy= (-kiou-), _n._, exactitude, justesse, attention, _f._, soin, _m._; correction, précision, _f._ =ac´curate= (-kiou-réte), _adj._, exact; juste; correct, fidèle, précis. =ac´curately=, _adv._, exactement, soigneusement. =ac´curateness=, _n._, précision, justesse, _f._ =accurse´= (-keurse), _v.a._, maudire, excommunier. =accursed´= (-keurste _or_ -keur´sède), _adj._, maudit, détestable, exécrable. =accu´sable= (-kiou-za-b’l), _adj._, accusable. =accusa´tion= (-zé-), _n._, accusation, _f._ =accu´sative=, _n._, (gram.) accusatif, _m._ =accu´sative=, _adj._, (gram.) de l’accusatif. =accu´satively=, _adv._, (gram.) comme accusatif. =accu´satory= (-teuri), _adj._, accusatoire. =accuse´= (-kiouze), _v.a._, accuser. =accus´er=, _n._, accusateur, _m._, accusatrice, _f._ =accus´tom= (-keus-teume), _v.a._, accoutumer =à=; habituer =à=. To — one’s self to; _s’accoutumer_ =à=; _s’habituer_ =à=, _se faire_ =à=. =accus´tomable=, _adj._, (l.u.) habituel. =accus´tomably=, _adv._, (l.u.) habituellement. =accus´tomarily=, _adv._, (l.u.) ordinairement. =accus´tomary=, _adj._, (l.u.) ordinaire. =ace= (éce), _n._, (cards) as; (fig.) point; iota, _m._ Within an — of; _à deux doigts_ =de=. I was within an — of; _j’ai failli_, or _il s’en est fallu de peu que_. =aceph´alous= (-céf-al-eusse), _adj._, (zoöl.) acéphale, sans tête. =acerb´ate= (-seur-béte), _v.a._, rendre acerbe, aigrir. =acerb´ity=, _n._, acerbité, aigreur; dureté, âpreté, sévérité, rigueur, _f._ =ac´erous= (-seu-reusse), _adj._, acéré. =aces´cency=, _n._, acescence, _f._ =aces´cent=, _adj._, acescent (qui tourne à l’aigre). =ac´etate= (-ci-té-te), _n._, (chem.) acétate, _m._ =acet´ic=, _adj._, (chem.) acétique. =ac´etite=, _n._, (chem. ant.) acétate, _m._ =ace´tous=, _adj._, (chem.) acéteux. =ache= (éke), _n._, mal, _m._, douleur, _f._ Head—; _mal de tête_, _mal à la tête_. Tooth—; _mal de dents_, _mal aux dents_. To have a head—; _avoir mal à la tête_, _avoir un mal de tête_. =ache= (éke), _v.n._, faire mal; souffrir. My head aches; _j’ai mal à la tête_. My feet —; _les pieds me font mal_. =achiev´able=, _adj._, exécutable, faisable. =achieve´= (a-tshîve), _v.a._, exécuter, accomplir, gagner, (a victory) remporter. To — a reputation; _se faire une réputation_. =achieve´ment=, _n._, exploit, fait d’armes, accomplissement, haut-fait, succès, _m._; œuvre, production, découverte, victoire, _f._; (her.) écusson, _m._, armoiries, _f.pl._ =achiev´er=, _n._, auteur, _or_ exécuteur, d’un exploit, _m._ =ach´ing= (é-kigne), _n._, douleur, souffrance, _f._ =ach´ing=, _adj._, endolori, douloureux. =a´chor= (é-kor), _n._, (med.) croûte de lait, teigne, _f._ =achromat´ic= (-krô-), _adj._, (opt.) achromatique. =ac´id=, _adj._, acide. =ac´id=, _n._, acide, _m._ =acid´ity=, _n._, acidité, _f._ =acid´ulate= (-diou-léte), _v.a._, aciduler. =acid´ulous= (-leusse), _adj._, acidule. =ac´inose= (-nôss) _ou_ =ac´inous= (-neusse), _adj._, granulaire, granulé. =acknowl´edge= (ak-no-lèdje), _v.a._, reconnaître; répondre =à=; avouer, confesser, convenir =de=; (of letters) accuser réception =de=. =acknowl´edgment= (-lèdj’), _n._, reconnaissance, _f._, aveu, _m._, excuse, _f._; tribut; accusé de réception, reçu, certificat, _m._; attestation, _f._; remercîments _or_ remerciements, _m.pl._; récompense, _f._ =ac´me= (-mi), _n._, (med.) acmé; (fig.) apogée; comble, _m._, faîte, _m._; sommet, _m._ =ac´olyte= (-laïte), _n._, acolyte, _m._ =ac´onite= (-naïte), _n._, aconit, _m._ =a´corn=, _n._, gland, _m._; (nav.) pomme de girouette, _f._; (conch.) barnacle, gland de mer, _m._ =a´corned= (-cōrn’de), _adj._, chargé de glands. =acotyle´don= (-ti-lî-done), _n._, (bot.) acotylédone, _f._ =acotyle´donous=, _adj._, (bot.) acotylédone. =acous´tic= (-caous-), _adj._, acoustique. =acous´tics=, _n._, acoustique, _f._ =acquaint´= (ac-coué-nte), _v.a._, informer; avertir; faire savoir =à=, familiariser =avec=. To make any one —ed with anything; _faire connaître_, or _faire savoir_, _quelque chose_ =à= _quelqu’un_. To get —ed with any one; _faire la connaissance_ =de= _quelqu’un_. To be —ed with; _connaître_, _se mettre au courant_ =de= or _au fait_ =de=, _prendre connaissance_ =de=. To be intimately —ed with any one; _être très lié avec quelqu’un_. =acquaint´ance=, _m._, connaissance, liaison, accointance, _f._ To have a great many —s; _avoir beaucoup de connaissances_. To make — with any one; _faire connaissance avec quelqu’un_. To make his, _or_ her, —; _faire sa connaissance_. =acquaint´ed=, _adj._, connu; instruit =de=; familier =avec=. =acquest´= (ac-couèste), _n._, acquisition; conquête, _f._; (law) acquêt, _m._ =acquiesce´= (ac-koui-èsse), _v.n._, acquiescer =à=; adhérer =à=; accéder =à=; consentir =à=; se soumettre =à=. =acquies´cence= _ou_ =acquies´cency=, _n._, acquiescement, _m._; soumission, _f._ =acquies´cent=, _adj._, résigné, soumis, facile, accommodant. =acquir´able=, _adj._, acquérable. =acquire´= (ac-kouaïeur), _v.a._, acquérir; obtenir; gagner; apprendre. =acquire´ment=, _n._, acquis, _m._; acquisition; instruction, connaissance, _f._, talent, _m._ =acquir´er=, _n._, acquéreur, _m._, acquéreuse, _f._ =acquisi´tion= (ac-koui-zi-), _n._, acquisition; connaissance, _f._ =acquis´itive=, _adj._, qui est acquis; porté à acquérer. =acquit´= (ac-kouite), _v.a._, acquitter, absoudre =de=, décharger =de=. To — one’s self of; _s’acquitter_ =de=; _faire son devoir_. To — one’s self well; _se bien tirer_ =de=. =acquit´tal=, _n._, acquittement, _m._ =acquit´tance=, _n._, acquittement, _m._, décharge; quittance, _f._; (com.) acquit, _m._ =a´cre= (é-keur), _m._, arpent, demi-hectare, _m._ =ac´rid=, _adj._, âcre. =acrid´ity= _ou_ =ac´ridness=, _m._, âcreté, _f._ =acrimo´nious=, _adj._, acrimonieux, âcre. =acrimo´niously=, _adv._, avec aigreur, avec acrimonie. =ac´rimony=, _n._, acrimonie, âcreté, aigreur, _f._ =ac´ritude= (-tioude), _n._, âcreté, _f._ =ac´rospire= (-païeur), _n._, germe, _m._, plumule, _f._ =across´=, _prep._, à travers; au travers =de=; par. _adv._, de travers, en travers; de l’autre côté. To come —; _rencontrer_, _trouver sur son passage_, _tomber_ =sur=. =acros´tic=, _n._, acrostiche, _m._ =act=, _n._, action, _f._, fait, acte, trait, coup, _m_ In the —; _sur le fait_. In the very —; _sur le fait même_, _en flagrant délit_. In the — of; _en train_ =de=. — of indemnity; _bill d’indemnité_. It is not the — of an honest man; _ce n’est pas le fait d’un honnête homme_. =act=, _v.a._, représenter, jouer; feindre, contrefaire. =act=, _v.n._, agir =sur=; se conduire; se comporter; opérer; influer =sur=. =act´ing=, _n._, action, _f._; (thea.) jeu, _m._; (fig.) feinte, _f._ His affection is not sincere, it is mere —; _son affection est jouée, ce n’est qu’une feinte_. =act´ing=, _adj._, qui agit; (tech.) à effet; (taking the place of) suppléant, faisant fonctions =de=. — manager; _directeur gérant_. — corporal; _élève-caporal_ or _caporal postiche_. =ac´tion=, _n._, action, _f._; fait, événement; (jur.) procès; combat, _m._, affaire, bataille, _f._; (tech.) effet, _m._ To call into —; _mettre en action_, _mettre en jeu_, _faire jouer_, _employer_. Naval —; _combat naval_. To bring an — against a person; _intenter un procès à quelqu’un_ or _poursuivre quelqu’un en justice_. Civil —; _action au civil_. To clear (decks) for —; (nav.) _faire branle-bas de combat_. =ac´tionable=, _adj._, actionnable, sujet à procès punissable. =act´ive=, _adj._, actif; agile, ingambe. =act´ively=, _adv._, activement, agilement, avec activité. =activ´ity=, _n._, activité, agilité, _f._ =act´or=, _n._, acteur, comédien, (fam.) cabotin, _m._ =act´ress=, _n._, actrice, comédienne, _f._ =act´ual= (act-iou-al), _adj._, réel, effectif, véritable, actuel, positif. =actual´ity=, _n._, réalité, actualité, _f._ =actualiza´tion=, _n._, actualisation. =ac´tualize=, _v.a._, actualiser. =act´ually=, _adv._, réellement, positivement, véritablement, actuellement, effectivement. =act´ualness=, _n._, réalité, _f._ =act´uary= (act-iou-), _n._, secrétaire, expert-comptable, _m._ =act´uate= (-tiou-ête), _v.a._, mettre en action, influencer, pousser, animer, guider, inciter =à=. =acu´leate= (-kiou-li-éte) _ou_ acu´leated (-kiou-li-étede), _adj._, (bot.) aiguillonné, pointu, piquant. =acu´men= (-kiou-mène), _n._, finesse, pénétration, _f._ =acu´minate=, _v.n._, s’élever en cône; se terminer en pointe. =acu´minate= (-kiou-mi-néte), _adj._, aigu, pointu; (bot.) acuminé. =acu´minated=, _adj._, (bot.) acuminé; terminé en pointe. =acumina´tion=, _n._, pointe aiguë; finesse, _f._ =acupunc´ture= (-kiou-peu-nkt-iour), _n._, (surg.) acuponcture, _f._ =acute´= (-kioute), _adj._, aigu, violent, perçant; fin; poignant; pénétrant. =acute´ly=, _adv._, finement, subtilement; vivement. =acute´ness= (-kiout’nèsse), _n._, état aigu, _m._; force, intensité, finesse, perspicacité, _f._ =A.D.=, l’an de grâce. =ad´age= (-dèdje), _n._, adage, _m._ =adag´ial=, _adj._, (ant.) passé en adage, proverbial. =ada´gio= (-dadjiô), _n._, (mus.) adagio, _m._ =ad´amant=, _n._, diamant, _m._ =adamant´ine=, _adj._, de diamant; (min.) adamantin. =adapt´=, _v.a._, adapter, approprier, ajuster; appliquer. =adapt´able=, _adj._, adaptable, qui peut s’adapter. =adapta´tion= (-dap-té-), _n._, adaptation, _f._; arrangement, _m._ =adapt´ed=, _part._, propre =à=; adapté =à=. =adapt´er=, _n._, adapteur, qui adapte. =adaptibil´ity=, _n._, faculté d’être adapté, _f._ =adays´=, _adv._, aujourd’hui. Now—; _de nos jours_; _actuellement_. =add=, _v.a._, ajouter, joindre; adjoindre; additionner. — to this; _ajoutez à cela_. =ad´dable=. _V._ =ad´dible=. =ad´der=, _n._, vipère, _f._ =ad´derlike= (ad-deur-laïke), _adj._, en serpent. =ad´der’s-tongue=, _n._, (bot.) langue de serpent, _f._ =ad´der’s-wort=, _n._, (bot.) vipérine, _f._ =addibil´ity=, _n._, qualité de ce qui peut être ajouté, _f._ =ad´dible= _ou_ =ad´dable=, _adj._, qui peut être ajouté. =addict´=, _v.r._ To — one’s self to; _s’adonner_ =à=, _se consacrer_ =à=, _se livrer_ =à=. _To be —ed to_; _s’adonner_ =à=; _être adonné_ =à=. =addict´edness= _ou_ =addic´tion=, _n._, attachement, goût, penchant, _m._, disposition, _f._ =addi´tion= (ad-di-), _n._, addition, _f._, surcroît, supplément; accroissement, _m._ In — to; _outre_, _en sus_ =de=. Revised with —s; (of books) _edition revue et augmentée_. =addi´tional=, _adj._, additionnel, supplémentaire, de plus. =addi´tionally=, _adv._, par addition, en outre, en sus. =ad´dle=, _n._, tartre (from wine). =ad´dle=, _adj._, couvi (of eggs); trouble; (fig.) stérile. =ad´dle=, _v.a._, rendre couvi; troubler. =ad´dled=, _part._, couvi, gâté, trouble; (fig.) stérile, pourri. =ad´dle-headed= (-hè-dède), =ad´dle-pated= (-pé-tède), _adj._, à cerveau vide, écervelé. =address´=, _v.a._, adresser; s’adresser =à=; parler =à=, adresser la parole =à=, apostropher; aborder; (of letters) adresser, mettre l’adresse =à=. =address´=, _n._, adresse, allocution, _f._, discours, plaidoyer; port, _m._, tenue, _f._ To pay one’s —es to; _faire la cour_ =à=, _rechercher en mariage_. Of good —; _comme il faut_, _de bonne tournure_, _à l’air distingué_. Style of —; _titre_, _m._ =addressee´=, _n._, destinataire. =address´er= (ad-drès-seur), _n._, pétitionnaire, _m._ =adduce´= (-diouce), _v.a._, présenter, alléguer; apporter, fournir, avancer, produire; citer. =addu´cible=, _adj._, allégable _or_ qui peut être allégué. =adduc´tion= (-deuk-), _n._, citation, _f._ =adduc´tive=, _adj._, =adduc´tor=, _n._, adducteur. =ademp´tion=, _n._ (jur.) ademption, révocation (d’un legs), _f._ =adept´=, _adj._, adepte, habile, versé =dans=. =adept´=, _n._, adepte, _m.f._ =ad´equacy= (-di-koua-), =ad´equateness=, _n._, juste proportion; suffisance, _f._ =ad´equate= (-di-kouéte), _adj._, proportionné, égal; suffisant; équivalent, compétent. =ad´equately=, _adv._, en juste proportion, justement, suffisamment. =adhere´= (ad-îre), _v.n._, adhérer =à=, s’attacher =à=; (fig.) se fier =à=, s’en tenir =à=. =adher´ence=, _n._, adhérence, adhésion, _f._, attachement, _m._ =adher´ent=, _n._, adhérent, partisan, dépendant, disciple, _m._ =adher´er=, _n._, partisan, adhérent, _m._ =adhe´sion= (-dî-jeune), _n._, adhésion, adhérence, _f._ =adhe´sive= (-dî-cive), _adj._, qui adhère; tenace; (med.) adhésif. =adhe´sively=, _adv._, avec adhérence. =adhe´siveness=, _n._, adhérence, adhésion, (fig.) ténacité, _f._ =adhor´tatory=, _adj._, exhortatoire, _f._ =adiaph´orous= (-di-a-fo-reusse), _adj._, indifférent, neutre. =adieu´=, _adv._, adieu. =adieu´= (-diou), _n._, adieu, _m._ To bid any one —; _faire ses adieux à quelqu’un_. =ad infini´tum= (-teume), _adv._, à l’infini. =ad in´terim=, _adv._, par intérim. =ad´ipocere= (-cîre), _n._, adipocire, _f._ =ad´ipose= (-pôss) _ou_ =ad´ipous= (-peusse), _adj._, adipeux. =ad´it=, _n._, (mines) entrée; galerie d’écoulement, _f._ =adja´cency=, _n._, contiguïté, _f._, voisinage, _m._, proximité, _f._ =adja´cent=, _adj._, adjacent =à=, contigu =à=, voisin =de=; (of countries) limitrophe =de=. =ad´jective=, _n._, adjectif, _m._ =ad´jective=, _adj._, (dy.) adjective. =ad´jectively=, _adv._, adjectivement. =adjoin´= (-joïne), _v.a._, joindre =à=, adjoindre =à=, ajouter =à=, toucher. =adjoin´=, _v.n._, être attenant, _or_ contigu, =à=; se joindre =à=. =adjourn´= (-djeurn), _v.a._, ajourner, différer, remettre. Let us —; _remettons la partie_. =adjourn´=, _v.n._, s’ajourner. =adjourn´ment=, _n._, ajournement, _m._ =adjudge´= (-djeudje), _v.a._, adjuger; décerner; juger, condamner; décréter; arrêter. =adjudg´ment=, _n._, jugement, _m._, décision, _f._ =adju´dicate=, _v.a._, juger. =adju´dicate= (-jiou-di-kéte), _v.a._, adjuger. =adjudica´tion=, _n._, jugement, _m._; décision, _f._; arrêt, _m._, déclaration de faillite, _f._ =adju´dicator= (-teur), _n._, juge, _m._ =ad´junct=, _adj._, joint, adjoint, secondaire, accessoire. =ad´junct= (ad-jeu’n’kte), _n._, accessoire; adjoint, _m._ =adjunc´tion=, _n._, adjonction, addition, _f._ =adjunc´tive=, _adj._, qui joint. =adjunc´tive=, _n._, chose jointe, _f._ =adjunc´tively=, _adj._, par addition. =adjura´tion= (-jiou-ré-), _n._, appel sacré, _m._, invocation, adjuration, _f._ =adjure´= (-jioure), _v.a._, adjurer. =adjur´er=, _n._, personne qui adjure, _f._ =adjust´= (-jeuste), _v.a._, ajuster, régler, arranger, fixer, déterminer. =adjust´er=, _n._, ajusteur, _m._, personne qui ajuste, _f._ =adjust´ment=, _n._, ajustement, accord, arrangement, _m._ Amicable —; _arrangement à l’amiable_. =ad´jutancy=, _n._, (milit.) grade d’adjudant; ordre, _m._, classification, _f._ =ad´jutant= (-jiou-), _n._, (milit.) adjudant; (fig.) second, _m._ — general; _chef d’état-major_, _m._ =ad´juvant=, _n._, aide, _f._; (pharm.) adjuvant, _m._ =ad lib´itum=, _adv._, à volonté. =admeas´urement=, _n._, mesurage, _m._; dimension, _f._; règlement, _m._ =ad´measurer=, _n._, mesureur, _m._ =admensura´tion=, _n._ _V._ =admeasurement=. =admin´ister=, _v.a._, administrer; gérer; régir; donner; fournir; faire prêter (an oath). =admin´ister= (-teur), _v.n._, subvenir =à=; pourvoir =à=. =admin´istrate= (-tréte), _v.a._, administrer; régir; donner. =administra´tion=, _n._, administration, _f._; gouvernement, _m._; (law) gestion, gérance, _f._ =admin´istrative=, _adj._, administratif. =admin´istratively=, _adv._, administrativement. =administra´tor=, _n._, administrateur, régent, _m._ =administra´torship=, _n._, fonctions d’administrateur, _f.pl._, administration, _f._ =administra´trix=, _n._, administratrice, _f._ =ad´mirable=, _adj._, admirable. =ad´mirableness=, _n._, excellence, beauté, _f._ =ad´mirably=, _adv._, admirablement, à ravir, à merveille. =ad´miral=, _n._, amiral; (flag-ship) vaisseau amiral, _m._ Rear-—; _contre-amiral_. Vice-—; _vice-amiral_. =ad´miralship=, _n._, amiralat, _m._ =ad´miralty=, _n._, amirauté, _f._ Board of —; _conseil d’amirauté_, _m._ First lord of the —; _ministre de la marine_, _m._ =admira´tion= (-ré-), _n._, admiration, _f._; étonnement, _m._ To —; _à ravir_. =admire´=, _v.a._, admirer, trouver beau, aimer; être épris =de=. =admire´= (-maïeur), _v.n._, s’étonner. =admir´er=, _n._, admirateur, _m._, admiratrice, _f._ =admir´ingly=, _adv._, avec admiration. =admissibil´ity=, _n._, admissibilité, _f._ =admis´sible=, _adj._, admissible. =admis´sibly=, _adv._, d’une manière admissible. =admis´sion=, _n._, réception, admission, entrée, _f._; accès; aveu, _m._, concession, _f._ Free —; _entrée libre_. Free — ticket; _billet de faveur_, _m._ — money; _prix d’entrée_, _prix des places_, _m._ =admit´=, _v.a._, admettre; laisser entrer; recevoir; faire entrer; (admit of) comporter; (to confess) avouer, reconnaître; donner entrée =à=; souffrir, tolérer. =admit´table=, _adj._, admissible. =admit´tance=, _n._, accès, _m._; admission, entrée, _f._ No — except on business; _le public n’entre pas ici_; _défense d’entrer_. =admix´=, _v.a._, mêler, mélanger. =admix´tion=, _n._, mélange, _m._ =admix´ture=, _n._, mélange, _m._ =admon´ish=, _v.a._, avertir; exhorter; reprendre, réprimander, admonester. =admon´isher=, _n._, moniteur, _m._, monitrice, _f._ =admon´ishment=, _n._, admonition, _f._; avertissement, _m._; (as a reproof) admonestation, remontrance, réprimande, _f._ =admoni´tion=, _n._, avertissement, avis, conseil, _m._; admonition, _f._ =admon´itive=, _adj._, d’avertissement, avertissant. =admon´itor= (-teur), _n._, moniteur, conseiller, _m._ =admon´itory=, _adj._, d’avertissement, monitorial. =ado´= (-dou), _n._, fracas, tintamarre, _m._; peine; difficulté, affaire, _f._; façons, cérémonies, _f.pl._; embarras, _m._ To make no more —; _n’en faire ni une ni deux_ or _n’en pas faire à deux fois_. Much — about nothing; _beaucoup de bruit pour rien_. Without any more —; _sans plus de façons_, _d’embarras_, _de cérémonie_. =adoles´cence= _ou_ =adoles´cency=, _n._, adolescence, _f._ =adoles´cent=, _n._, adolescent, jeune homme, _m._ =adoles´cent=, _adj._, adolescent. =adopt´able=, _adj._, adoptable. =adopt´=, _v.a._, adopter. =adopt´ed=, _adj._, adoptif, adopté, d’adoption. =adopt´edly=, _adv._, par adoption. =adopt´er=, _n._, personne qui adopte, _f._, adoptant, _m._ =adop´tion=, _n._, adoption, _f._, choix, _m._ =adop´tive=, _adj._, adoptif, adopté, d’adoption. =ador´able=, _adj._, adorable, charmant. =ador´ableness=, _n._, qualité, nature adorable, _f._ =ador´ably=, _adv._, d’une manière adorable, adorablement. =adora´tion= (-ré-), _n._, adoration, _f._, culte, _m._ =adore´=, _v.a._, adorer. =ador´er=, _n._, adorateur, _m._, adoratrice, _f._ =adorn´=, _v.a._, orner; parer, embellir; (fig.) faire l’ornement =de=. To — one’s self; _se parer_. =adorn´ment=, _n._, ornement, _m._, parure, _f._, embellissement, _m._ =adown´= (-daoune), _adv._, en bas, à terre, par terre. =adown´=, _prep._, en bas =de=, le long =de=. — the stream; _en aval_. =adrift´=, _adv._, (nav.) en dérive, à l’abandon; (fig.) abandonné, sans ressources. To run —; _dériver_. To turn —; _mettre dehors_, _abandonner_, _déserter_. To go —; (nav.) _aller à la dérive_; (fig.) _se laisser aller_; _ne plus connaître de bornes_. =adroit´= (-droïte), _adj._, adroit, habile. =adroit´ly=, _adv._, adroitement. =adroit´ness=, _n._, adresse, dextérité, _f._ =adsciti´tious= (-sheusse), _adj._, étranger, emprunté. =adstrin´gent=. _V._ =astringent=. =ad´ulate= (-diou-léte), _v.a._, aduler. =adula´tion=, _n._, adulation, _f._ =ad´ulator=, _n._, adulateur, _m._, adulatrice, _f._ =ad´ulatory=, _adj._, adulateur. =adult´=, _adj._, adulte. =adult´= (-deulte), _n._, adulte, _m._ _f._ =adul´terate= (-deul-teur-éte), _v.a._, frelater, falsifier, adultérer, sophistiquer; (fig.) altérer, corrompre. =adul´terate=, _adj._, adultère; frelaté, falsifié, faux. =adultera´tion=, _n._, falsification, frelaterie, sophistication, _f._, frelatage, _m._ =adul´terator=, _n._, frelateur, falsificateur, _m._ =adul´terer= (-deul-teur-eur), _n._, adultère, _m._ =adul´teress= (-deul-teur-èsse), _n._, adultère, femme adultère, _f._ =adul´terine=, _adj._, adultérin; falsifié. =adul´terous= (-deul-teur-eusse), _adj._, adultère; (fig.) impur, faux, corrompu. =adul´terously=, _adv._, par l’adultère. =adul´tery= (adeul-teuri), _n._, adultère, _m._ =adum´brant=, _adj._, ébauché, esquissé. =adum´brate= (-deu’m’bréte), _v.a._, ébaucher; esquisser. =adumbra´tion=, _n._, ébauche, esquisse, _f._ =adun´city= (-deu’n’), _n._, courbure, _f._ =adun´cous= (-keusse), _adj._, crochu. =adust´= (-deuste), _adj._, brûlé; (med.) aduste. =adus´tion=, _n._, (surg.) adustion; cautérisation, _f._ =advance´=, _v.a._, avancer, hâter, faire avancer, élever; (com.) hausser, augmenter, élever. =advance´=, _v.n._, s’avancer, avancer, se porter en avant, faire des progrès. To —; (in the service) _arriver_. =advance´=, _n._, avancement, progrès, mouvement, (step) pas, _m._, marche; (com.) hausse, augmentation; avance, _f._; (com.) avances, _f.pl._ On the —; (com.) _en hausse_. In —; _en avant_; _d’avance_. To make —s; _faire des avances_, _faire le premier pas_. To pay in —; _payer d’avance_. =advance´-guard= (-gârde), _n._, (milit.) garde avancée, avant-garde, _f._ =advance´-money=, _n._, avance, _f._ =advanced´=, _part._, avancé. =advance´ment=, _n._, avancement, progrès, _m._; promotion; (com.) avance, _f._ =advan´cer= (-seur), _n._, personne qui avance, _f._; prêteur; promoteur, _m._ =advan´cive=, _adj._, tendant, _or_ qui tend, à avancer. =advan´tage= (-tèdge), _n._, avantage, _m._, supériorité, _f._; profit, intérêt, _m._ To take — of; _profiter_ =de=, _tirer profit_ =de=, _se prévaloir_ =de=. To take — of any one’s kindness; _abuser de la bonté de quelqu’un_ or _exploiter quelqu’un_. To the best —; _au plus grand avantage_. To any one’s best —; _au mieux des intérêts de quelqu’un_. To his _or_ her —; _à son avantage_. To turn to —; _mettre à profit_, _tirer parti_ =de=. =advan´tage=, _v.a._, avantager, favoriser; avancer les intérêts =de=. =advan´taged= (-tèdj’de), _part._, avantagé. =advan´tage-ground= (-graounde), _n._ _V._ =vantage-ground=. =advanta´geous= (-té-djeusse), _adj._, avantageux. =advanta´geously=, _adv._, avantageusement. =advanta´geousness=, _n._, avantage, _m._, utilité, _f._ =advene´= (-vîne), _v.n._, (ant.) survenir, advenir. =ad´vent= (-vè’n’te), _n._, venue, arrivée, _f._; Avent, _m._ =adventi´tious= (-vè-n-ti-sheusse), _adj._, adventice, accidentel, fortuit, accessoire. =adventi´tiously=, _adv._, accidentellement. =advent´ive=, _adj._, adventice. =advent´ive=, _n._, immigrant, étranger, _m._ =advent´ual= (-tioual), _adj._, de l’Avent. =adven´ture=, _n._, aventure, _f._, incident, hasard, risque, _m._; chance, spéculation, _f._ At all —s; _à tout hasard_. To stand upon one’s —; _tenter l’aventure_, _courir la chance des armes_. =adven´ture= (-tioure), _v.a._, aventurer, risquer, hasarder. =adven´ture=, _v.n._, s’aventurer, se hasarder, se risquer. =adven´turer= (-tiour-eur), _n._, aventurier, spéculateur, _m._ =adven´turesome=, _adj._, aventurier, aventureux. _V._ =venturesome=. =adven´turess=, _n._, aventurière. =adven´turine=, _n._, (min.) aventurine, _f._ =adven´turous=, _adj._, aventureux. =adven´turously=, _adv._, aventureusement. =adven´turousness=, _n._, esprit aventureux, caractère aventureux, _m._ =ad´verb= (-veurbe), _n._, adverbe, _m._ =adverb´ial=, _adj._, adverbial. =adverb´ially=, _adv._, adverbialement. =ad´versary=, _n._, adversaire, _m.f._ =advers´ative=, _adj._, adversatif. =ad´verse= (-veurse), _adj._, adverse, défavorable, malheureux, contraire =à=, opposé =à=, hostile =à=, ennemi =de=. =ad´versely=, _adv._, d’une manière hostile, défavorablement. =ad´verseness=, _n._, opposition; hostilité, _f._ =advers´ity=, _n._, adversité, _f._ =advert´= (-veurte), _v.n._, faire allusion =à=; considérer, mentionner; parler =de=, appeler l’attention =sur=. =advert´ence= _ou_ =advert´ency=, _n._, attention, _f._ =advertise´= (-veur-taïze), _v.a._, annoncer, faire annoncer, afficher, publier. =adver´tisement= (-veur-tize-), _n._, avis, avertissement, _m._; annonce; réclame, _f._ =adverti´ser= (-veur-taïzeur), _n._, personne qui fait des annonces, _f._; journal d’annonces, _m._ =adverti´sing=, _n._, annonces, _f.pl._; publicité, _f._ =adverti´sing-agent=, _n._, agent de publicité, _m._ =adverti´sing-frame=, _n._, porte-affiches, _m._ =adverti´sing-office=, _n._, bureau des annonces, _m._; agence de publicité, _f._ =adverti´sing-sheet=, _n._, feuille d’annonces, _f._ =advice´= (-vaïce), _n._, avis, conseil, _m._, consultation, _f._ To take —; _prendre conseil_ =de=; _consulter_. To give — of; _donner avis_ =de=. To take a person’s —; _suivre le conseil de quelqu’un_. If you take my —; _si vous m’en croyez_. Letter of —; (com.) _lettre d’avis_, _f._ =advice´-boat= (-bôte), _n._, aviso, _m._ =advis´able=, _adj._, judicieux, convenable, utile, bon =de=. =advis´ableness=, _n._, utilité, convenance, prudence, sagesse, _f._ =advise´= (-vaïze), _v.a._, conseiller; donner avis =de=; prévenir =de=; (com.) aviser =de=. To keep any one constantly advised of; _tenir quelqu’un au courant_ =de=. =advise´=, _v.n._, aviser, délibérer, considérer, prendre conseil; se consulter. =advised´= (-vaïz’de), _adj._, avisé; mûri; prudent, Ill-—; _mal avisé_. Well-—; _bien avisé_. Be — by me; _croyez m’en_. =advis´edly= (-vaï-zèd’li), _adv._, avec réflexion; de propos délibéré; exprès, judicieusement, prudemment, à dessein; sciemment. =advis´edness= (-vaï-zèd’nèsse), _n._, sagesse, prudence, circonspection, _f._ =advis´er=, _n._, conseiller, _m._ =ad´vocacy=, _n._, défense, intercession, _f._; appui, soutien, _m._ =ad´vocate= (-vô-kéte), _n._, avocat, défenseur, intercesseur, _m._ =ad´vocate=, _v.a._, soutenir, défendre, plaider, appuyer. =advoca´tion=, _n._, défense, intervention, _f._; soutien, _m._ =advowee´= (-vaou-î), _n._, patron, collateur, _m._ =advow´son=, _n._, patronage, _m._, collation, _f._ =adynam´ic=, _adj._, (med.) adynamique. =adyn´amy=, _n._, (med.) adynamie, _f._ =adz= _ou_ =adze=, _n._, erminette; doloire, _f._ =æ´gis= (idjisse), _n._, égide, _f._ =æ´glogue= (igl’oghe), _n._, églogue, _f._ =ægo´phony= (igo-), _n._, (med.) égophonie, voix chevrotante, _f._ =ænig´ma=. _V._ =enigma=. =a´erate= (-euréte), _v.a._, (chem.) aérer. =ae´rial= (é-i-ri-al), _adj._, aérien, d’air. =ae´rie= _or_ =ae´ry= (iri), _n._, aire, _f._ =a´eriform= (é-eur-i-), _adj._, aériforme. =a´erify= (é-eur-i-faïe), _v.a._, remplir d’air. =aerog´raphy=, _n._, aérographie, _f._ =a´erolite= _ou_ =a´erolith=, _n._, aérolithe, _m._ =aerolog´ical=, _adj._, aérologique. =aerol´ogist=, _n._, savant dans l’aérologie, _m._ =aerol´ogy=, _n._, aérologie, _f._ =aerom´eter= (é-eur-o-miteur), _n._, aéromètre, _m._ =aerom´etry=, _n._, aérométrie, _f._ =a´eronaut= (é-eur-ô-), _n._, aéronaute, _m.f._ =aeronaut´ic=, _adj._, aérostatique, aéronautique. =aeronaut´ics=, _n.pl._, science de l’aéronaute, _f._ =aer´ostat=, _n._, aérostat, _m._ =aerostat´ic=, _adj._, aérostatique. =aerostat´ics=, _n.pl._, art aérostatique, _m._ =aerosta´tion=, _n._, aérostation, _f._ =æru´ginous= (i-rioud’jineusse), _adj._, érugineux. =æsthet´ic= _ou_ =æsthet´ical=, _adj._, esthétique. =æsthet´ics= (is-thè-), _n.pl._, esthétique, _f._ =ætiol´ogy= _ou_ =etiol´ogy= (i-tio-lod’ji), _n._, (med.) étiologie, _f._ =æti´tes= (î-taï-tize), _n._, aétite, pierre d’aigle, _f._ =afar´=, _adv._, de loin, loin, au loin. — off; _au loin_. =affabil´ity=, _n._, affabilité, _f._ =af´fable=, _adj._, affable, doux, gracieux. =af´fableness=, _n._, affabilité, _f._ =af´fably=, _adv._, affablement, avec affabilité. =affair´=, _n._, affaire, _f._ Mercantile —s; _les affaires_, _f.pl._; _le commerce_. As —s stand; _au point où en sont les affaires_. To liquidate, to wind up, one’s —s; _liquider ses affaires_. =affect´= (af-fècte), _v.a._, affecter; intéresser; toucher =à=; aimer; viser =à=, aspirer =à=; influer =sur=. =affecta´tion= (-fec-té-), _n._, affectation, _f._ =affect´ed=, _adj._, disposé; affecté; précieux; touché, ému, attendri; (of style) maniéré, prétentieux. =affect´edly=, _adv._, d’une manière affectée, avec affectation. =affect´edness=, _n._, affectation, _f._ =affect´ing=, _adj._, touchant; affectant, concernant, ayant trait =à=. =affect´ingly= (-tigne-), _adv._, d’une manière touchante. =affec´tion=, _n._, affection; inclination, _f._; attachement, penchant, _m._; maladie, _f._; (fig.) sentiment, _m._, émotion, _f._ =affec´tionate= (-sheunéte), _adj._, affectueux, affectionné. =affec´tionately=, _adv._, affectueusement, avec affection, affectionnément. =affec´tionateness=, _n._, affection, tendresse, _f._ =affec´tioned= (-sheu-n-de), _adj._, disposé; affectionné; (ant.) affecté. =affi´ance= (af-faïa-n-se), _n._, fiançailles, _f.pl._ =affi´ance=, _v.a._, fiancer. =affi´anced= (af-faïa’nste), _part._, fiancé. =affida´vit=, _n._, déclaration, attestation (écrite et affirmée) sous serment, _m._ =affil´iate= (af-fil-i-éte), _v.a._, affilier; adopter (comme fils); attribuer, rattacher =à=. =affilia´tion=, _n._, affiliation; adoption (comme fils), _f._; recherche de la paternité, _f._ =af´finage= (-néd’je), _n._, (metal.) affinage, _m._ =affin´ity=, _n._, affinité, alliance, _f._ =affirm´= (af-feurme), _v.a._, affirmer; confirmer; assurer =à=. =affirm´=, _v.n._, affirmer; déclarer. =affirm´able=, _adj._, qu’on peut affirmer. =affirma´tion= (-mé-), _n._, affirmation; confirmation; déclaration, _f._ =affirm´ative= (-ma-), _adj._, affirmatif. =affirm´ative=, _n._, affirmative, _f._ To reply in the —; _répondre affirmativement_. =affirm´atively=, _adv._, affirmativement. =affirm´er=, _n._, personne qui affirme, _f._ =affix´=, _v.a._, apposer =à=; ajouter; fixer, attacher =à=. =af´fix=, _n._, affixe, _m._ =affla´tion= (-flé-), _n._, action de souffler, _f._ =affla´tus= (-flé-teusse), _n._, souffle, _m._, haleine, inspiration, _f._ =afflict´=, _v.a._, affliger; tourmenter. =afflict´edness= (-tèd-nèsse), _n._, douleur, affliction, _f._ =afflict´ing=, _adj._, affligeant, chagrinant. =afflic´tion=, _n._, affliction, calamité, misère, _f._; malheur, _m._ =afflict´ive=, _adj._, affligeant, (jur.) afflictif. =afflict´ively=, _adv._, d’une manière affligeante. =af´fluence= (af-flou-è-nse), _n._, abondance, opulence, affluence, _f._; richesses, _f.pl._ =af´fluent=, _adj._, abondant; opulent, riche. _n._, (geog.) affluent, _m._ =af´fluent=, _n.pl._, les affluents, les riches, _m.pl._ =af´flux= (af-fleuxe), _n._, (med.) afflux, _m._ =afflux´ion=, _n._, (med.) afflux, _m._ =afford´=, _v.a._, donner; fournir; offrir; procurer; avoir le moyen, les moyens; pouvoir; être en position, en état =de=. I cannot — the time; _je ne puis pas trouver le temps_. I cannot — it; _mes moyens ne me le permettent pas_, _je n’en ai pas les moyens_; _je ne puis me le permettre_. He could not — me a minute’s interview; _il n’a pu me donner un moment d’entretien_. =affor´est=, _v.a._, convertir en forêt, boiser. =afforesta´tion=, _n._, conversion en forêt, _f._; boisement, _m._ =affran´chise= (af-fra-n-tchaïze), _v.a._, affranchir. =affran´chisement=, _n._, affranchissement, _m._ =affray´=, _n._, querelle, échauffourée, rixe, batterie, _f._, tumulte, trouble, _m._, émeute, _f._ =affright´= (af-fraïte), _v.a._, effrayer. =affright´=, _n._, effroi, _m._, épouvante, _f._ =affright´edly=, _adv._, avec effroi, avec épouvante. =affront´= (af-freu’nte), _v.a._, (ant.) (to meet) rencontrer; affronter; offenser, insulter, outrager; faire un affront =à=. =affront´=, _n._, affront, _m._, insulte, injure, _f._, outrage, _m._; (ant.) rencontre, _f._ To put an — on any one; _faire un affront à quelqu’un_. To brook an —; _digérer un affront_. To pocket an —; _boire_, _avaler un affront_. =affront´er=, _n._, offenseur, _m._ =affront´ing=, _adj._, offensant, choquant, insultant, outrageant. =affuse´= (af-fiouze), _v.a._, verser =sur=. =affu´sion= (af-fiou-jeune), _n._, action de verser; (pharm.) affusion, _f._ =afield´= (-fîlde), _adv._, aux champs, à la campagne. To go far —; _aller très loin_. =afire´= (-faïeur), _adv._, en feu. =aflat´=, _adv._, à plat. =afloat´= (-flôte), _adv._, (nav.) à flot; sur l’eau; en train; (fig.) en circulation; sur pied, en train. To set a ship —; _mettre un vaisseau à flot_. =afoot´= (-foute), _adv._, à pied; sur pied; en train, en chemin, en route. =afore´=, _prep._, devant, avant. =afore´=, _adv._, auparavant; en avant; sur le devant; (nav.) avant. =afore´going= (-goïgne), _adj._, précédent. =afore´hand=, _adv._, par avance. =afore´mentioned= (-mèn-sheun’de), _adj._, mentionné plus haut, susdit, précité. =afore´named= (-né-m’de), _adj._, susnommé. =afore´said=, _adj._, susdit, le dit, ledit. =afore´thought= (-thôte), _adj._, prémédité. =afore´time= (-taïme), _adv._, autrefois, jadis. =a fortio´ri= (-ti-ô-), _adv._, à plus forte raison, a fortiori. =afraid´= (-fréde), _adj._, effrayé, craintif, qui a peur. To be — of anything; _avoir peur de quelque chose_. To make —; _faire peur_ =à=; _faire craindre_ =à=. =afresh´= (-frè-she), _adv._, de nouveau, encore; de plus belle. =Af´ric= _ou_ =Af´rican=, _adj._, africain, d’Afrique. =Af´rican= (-ca-n), _n._, Africain, _m._, Africaine, _f._ =afront´= (a-freu’nte), _adv._, en face. =aft=, _adj._, (nav.) arrière, de l’arrière. Fore and —; (nav.) _avant et arrière_. =aft´er=, _adv._, après; suivant, d’après. =aft´er=, _prep._, après; après que; selon; sur; d’après; (in the train of) à la suite =de=. =aft´er=, _adj._, ultérieur, futur; arrière; (nav.) d’arrière. =aft´er-ages= (-éd’jèze), _n.pl._, siècles futurs, _m.pl._; postérité, _f._ =aft´er-all= (-ōl), _adv._, après tout; enfin; au fond. =aft´er-birth= (-beurth), _n._, arrière-faix; (med.) placenta, délivre, _m._, secondines, _f.pl._ =aft´er-clap=, _n._, coup inattendu, contre-coup, second coup, _m._ =aft´er-cost=, _n._, frais ultérieurs, _m.pl._ =aft´er-crop=, _n._, seconde récolte, _f._; regain, _m._ =aft´er-days=, _n.pl._, jours à venir, _m.pl._ =aft´er-dinner=, _n._, après-dîner, après-dîné, _m._ =aft´er-dream= (-drîme), _n._, rêverie, _f._ =aft´er-for´tune= (-tioune), _n._, destinée ultérieure. _f._ =aft´er-game= (-ghéme), _n._, revanche, dernière ressource, _f._ =aft´er-grass=, _n._, regain, _m._ =aft´er-growth= (-grōth), _n._, regain, _m._ =aft´er-guard= (-gârde), _n._, (nav.) surveillant de l’arrière, _m._ =aft´er-hope= (-hôpe), _n._, espérance future, _f._ =aft´er-hours= (-aourze), _n.pl._, heures en sus, _f.pl._ _V._ =overtime=. =aft´er-life= (-laïfe), _n._, vie ultérieure, _f._; avenir, _m._ =aft´er-love=, _n._, second amour, _m._ =aft´ermath= (-math), _n._, regain, _m._ =aft´ernoon= (-noune), _n._, après-midi, _m.f._; après-dîner, _m._ =aft´er-pains= (-pè’nze), _n.pl._, douleurs qui suivent l’accouchement; (med.) tranchées, _f.pl._ =aft´er-part= (-pârte), _n._, dernière partie, _f._ =aft´er-piece= (-pîce), _n._, (thea.) petite pièce, _f._ =aft´er-proof= (-prouf), _n._, preuve ultérieure, _f._ =aft´er-reckoning=, _n._, révision de compte, _f._ =aft´er-repentance=, _n._, repentir tardif, _m._ =aft´er-sail= (-séle), _n._, (nav.) voile de l’arrière, _f._ =aft´er-state= (-stéte), _n._, état futur, _m._ =aft´er-sting= (-stigne), _n._, nouvelle piqûre, _f._ =aft´er-storm=, _n._, tempête nouvelle, _f._ =af´ter-supper= (-seup-peur), _n._, après-souper, après-soupé, _m._, après-soupée, _f._ =aft´er-swarm= (-swôrme), _n._, arrière-essaim, _m._ =aft´er-taste= (-téste), _n._, arrière-goût, déboire, _m._ =aft´er-thought= (-thōte), _n._, pensée ultérieure, réflexion tardive, _f._ =aft´er-times= (-taïm’ze), _n.pl._, temps à venir, _m.pl._ =aft´er-tossing= (to-cigne), _n._, (nav.) agitation de la mer après une tempête, houle, _f._ =aft´er-touch= (-teut’she), _n._, (paint.) retouche, _f._ =aft´erward= (-weurd) _ou_ =aft´erwards= (-weurdze), _adv._, ensuite, puis, plus tard. =aft´er-wise= (-waïze), _adj._, sage après coup. =aft´er-wit= (-wite), _n._, esprit tardif, _m._; sagesse après coup, _f._ =aft´er-years= (-yirs), _n._, années à venir, _f.pl._ =a´ga=, _n._, aga, _m._ =again´= (-ghéne), _adv._, encore; encore une fois, de nouveau. As much —; _encore autant_. — and —, _à plusieurs reprises_, _sans cesse_, _à coups redoublés_. As large —, _deux fois aussi grand_. Never —; _ne ... plus jamais_. =against´= (-ghé’nste), _prep._, contre; vis-à-vis; sur; vers, près de. — my coming back; _pour le moment de mon retour_. Over —; _vis à vis_, _en face_. =ag´ami=, _n._, (orni.) agami, _m._ =ag´amous= (-meusse), _adj._, (bot.) agame. =agape´= (-ghépe), _adv._, la bouche béante. =ag´ape= (-pi), _n._ (_agapæ_), (theol.) agape, _f._ =ag´aric=, _n._, (bot.) agaric, _m._ =ag´ate= (-ghéte), _n._, agate, _f._ =ag´aty= (-ghé-ti), _adj._, d’agate. =aga´ve= (-gé-vi), _n._, (bot.) agavé, _m._ =age´= (édje), _n._, âge; siècle, _m._ Brazen —; _âge d’airain_. Golden —; _âge d’or_. Silver —; _âge d’argent_. Middle —s; _moyen âge_. Dark —s; _siècles de ténèbres_, _m.pl._ — of discretion; _âge de raison_. To be of —; _être majeur_. Under —; _mineur_. To come of —; _atteindre sa majorité_. To be of an — to; _être d’âge_ =à=. To look one’s —; _paraître son âge_. To bear one’s — well; _porter bien son âge_. =age=, _v.n._, vieillir. =a´ged= (é-djède _ou_ édj´de), _adj._, vieux, âgé; (of horses) hors d’âge. Middle —; _entre deux âges_. The —; _les vieillards_, _m.pl._ =a´gedly=, _adv._, en vieillard. =a´gency=, _n._, agence; régie; maison de commission; (fig.) action, entremise, influence, _f._ =agen´da=, _n._, agenda, _m._ =a´gent= (édjè-n-te), _n._, agent; homme d’affaires, commissionnaire, représentant, _m._ =agglom´erate=, _v.a._, agglomérer. =agglom´erate= (-meur-éte), _v.n._, s’agglomérer. =agglom´erated=, _adj._, (bot.) aggloméré. =agglomera´tion= (-meur-é-), _n._, agglomération, _f._ =agglu´tinant=, _n._, agglutinant, _m._ =agglu´tinant= (-gliou-), _adj._, agglutinant. =agglu´tinate= (-gliou-ti-néte), _v.a._, agglutiner. =agglutina´tion= (-gliou-ti-né-), _n._, agglutination, _f._ =agglu´tinative= (-gliou-ti-né-), _adj._, agglutinatif. =ag´grandize= (-daïze), _v.a._, agrandir. =aggrand´izement=, _n._, agrandissement, _m._ =ag´gravate= (-véte), _v.a._, aggraver, exagérer; (to vex) taquiner, provoquer; agacer, pousser à bout, faire endêver. =aggrava´tion=, _n._, aggravation; circonstance aggravante; exagération; (vexation) provocation, _f._; agacement, _m._; taquinerie, agacerie, _f._ =ag´gregate=, _v.a._, réunir, rassembler, recueillir. =ag´gregate=, _adj._, rassemblé, réuni; agrégé. =ag´gregate= (-gri-ghéte), _n._, agrégation, masse, _f._; total, _m._; somme totale, _f._; agrégat, _m._ In the —; _en somme_, _tout ensemble_, _à tout prendre_. =ag´gregately=, _adv._, en masse, collectivement. =aggrega´tion=, _n._, agrégation, réunion, _f._; assemblage, _m._ =ag´gregative=, _adj._, agrégatif. =aggres´sion=, _n._, agression, attaque, _f._ =aggress´ive=, _adj._, offensif, hostile; agressif. =aggress´iveness=, _n._, caractère agressif, _m._; agressivité, _f._ =aggress´or=, _n._, agresseur, _m._ =aggriev´ance=. _V._ =grievance=. =aggrieve´= (ag-grîve), _v.a._, affliger; peiner; blesser, molester, léser, offenser. =aggroup´=, _v.a._, (paint.) grouper, agrouper. =aghast´=, _adj._, frappé _or_ saisi d’effroi; épouvanté, consterné, ébahi, ahuri. =ag´ile= (adjile), _adj._, agile, leste, dispos. =ag´ileness=, _n._, agilité, légèreté, _f._ =agil´ity=, _n._, agilité, légèreté, _f._ =a´gio= (édji-ô), _n._, change; agio, _m._ =ag´itate= (adj-i-téte), _v.a._, agiter, exciter, remuer, troubler; (a question) discuter, soulever. =agita´tion=, _n._, agitation, _f._; trouble, _m._; discussion, _f._, examen, _m._ To be in —; (of things) _être en question_, _être sur le tapis_. =ag´itator= (-teur), _n._, agitateur; meneur, _m._ =ag´let= _ou_ =aig´let=, _n._, aiguillette, _f._; (bot.) onglet, _m._ =ag´nail= (ag-néle), _n._, envie, _f._; panaris, _m._ =ag´nate= (ag-néte), _n._, agnat, _m._ =ag´nate=, _adj._, d’agnat, agnatique. =agnat´ic= (ag-nat-), _adj._, agnatique. =agna´tion= (ag-né-), _n._, agnation, _f._ =agno´men= (ag-nô-mè-n), _n._, surnom, _m._ =agnomina´tion= (ag-no-mi-né-), _n._, surnom, _m._ =ago´=, _adv._, passé, il y a, il y a eu. Long —; _il y a longtemps_. A long while —; _il y a bien longtemps_. Two days —; _il y a deux jours_. Not long —; _il n’y a pas longtemps_. How long ago is it? _combien de temps y a-t-il?_ It was ten years —; _il y a de cela dix ans_. =agog´=, _adv._, enflammé, excité; avec feu, en émoi; en l’air. To be all —; _avoir la tête montée_, _être dans l’agitation_; _griller_ =de=. To set —; _monter la tête à quelqu’un_, _mettre en train_, _donner envie_ =de=; _faire griller_ =de=. They are all — about it; _ils en grillent tous_. =ago´ing= (-gôïgne), _adv._, en train, en branle, en mouvement, en action. =ag´onize=, _v.n._, souffrir l’agonie, être au supplice. =ag´onize= (ag-ô-naïze), _v.a._, torturer, faire souffrir, martyriser; mettre au supplice. =ag´onized= (ag-ô-naïz’de), _adj._, (of persons) qui souffre l’agonie; (of things) poignant, déchirant. =ag´onizing= (ag-ô-naïz-igne), _adj._, qui fait souffrir; qui torture; le plus cruel; déchirant. =ag´onizingly=, _adv._, avec angoisse. =ag´ony=, _n._, agonie; douleur, angoisse, _f._ To suffer —ies; _souffrir le martyre_; _être au supplice_. =agou´ti=, _n._, (mam.) agouti, _m._ =agra´rian=, _adj._, agraire, agricole, d’agriculture. =agree´=, _v.n._, s’accorder; tomber d’accord; être d’accord; (of the health) convenir =à=; se convenir; consentir =à=; donner son assentiment =à=. I — with you there; _je suis de votre avis là-dessus_ ou _je partage votre avis là-dessus_. My dinner agreed with me; _mon dîner ne m’a pas fait de mal_, ou _a bien passé_. That is agreed on by all; _tout le monde en convient_; _on est tous d’accord là-dessus_. =agree´=, _v.a._, (l.u.) accorder, mettre d’accord, réconcilier. =agree´able=, _adj._, agréable; conforme =à=. I am —; _je veux bien_. =agree´ableness=, _n._, agrément, _m._; conformité; harmonie, _f._; rapport, _m._ =agree´ably=, _adv._, agréablement; conformément =à=. =agreed´=, _adj._, convenu, d’accord. _int._, c’est entendu, c’est une affaire entendue; c’est convenu!; va, pour! =agree´ment=, _n._, accord; rapport, _m._; convention; bonne intelligence; conformité, _f._; contrat, _m._ To come to an —; _en venir_, ou _arriver_, =à= _un accommodement_. =agricul´tural=, _adj._, agricole, d’agriculture; aratoire. — implement maker; _fabricant de machines d’agriculture_, _m._ =ag´riculture= (-keult-iour), _n._, agriculture, _f._ =agricul´turist=, _n._, agriculteur, agronome, _m._ =ag´rimony=, _n._, (bot.) aigremoine, _f._ =a´griot=, _n._, griotte, _f._ =aground´= (-graou-n’de), _adj._, (nav.) échoué; à terre. To run —; _échouer_; _faire échouer_; _mettre_, ou _jeter_, _à la côte_. =a´gue= (é-ghiou), _n._, fièvre, fièvre intermittente, _f._ =a´gue-fit=, _n._, accès de fièvre intermittente, _m._ =a´gue-powder=, _n._, poudre fébrifuge, _f._ =a´gue-proof=, _adj._, à l’épreuve de la fièvre intermittente. =a´gue-spell=, _n._, charme fébrifuge, _m._ =a´gue-struck= (-streuke), _adj._, atteint de fièvre intermittente. =a´gue-tree= (-trî), _n._, (bot.) sassafras, _m._ =a´guish= (é-ghiou-ishe), _adj._, fièvreux; fébricitant. =a´guishness=, _n._, état fébrile, _m._ =ah!= _int._, ah! hélas! =aha!= _int._, aha! =ahead´= (-hède), _adv._, (nav.) en avant, devant; (fig.) à la tête, en tête. To get — of; (nav.) _gagner l’avant_ =de=; (fig.) _devancer_. To go on —; _prendre les devants_. To have the wind —; _avoir vent debout_. Go —! _allez-y!_ _en avant!_ Right —; _tout droit_. =ahoy´!= (a-hôi), _int._, (nav.) ho! Ship —; _ôhé du navire_. =ahull´= (-heul), _adv._, (nav.) à mâts et à cordes; à sec. =ahun´gry= (-heugn’gri), _adj._, (ant.) tourmenté par la faim. =a´i= (é-i), _n._, (mam.) aï, _m._ =aid=, _v.a._, aider; secourir, assister. To — each other; _s’entr’aider_. =aid=, _n._, aide, assistance, _f._; secours, concours; subside, _m._ With the — of; _à l’aide_ =de=, _avec le concours_ =de=. To come to any one’s —; _venir à l’aide_ =de= _quelqu’un_, _venir en aide_ =à= _quelqu’un_. In — of; _au profit_ =de=, _au bénéfice_ =de=. =aide´-de-camp=, _n._, aide de camp, _m._ =aid´er=, _n._, aide, complice, _m.f._ =aid´less=, _adj._, sans secours; délaissé. =ai´glet=, _n._, (her.) aiglon, _m._ =ai´gret= _ou_ =aigrette´=, _n._, aigrette, _f._ =ai´gulet= (é-ghiou-lette), _n._, aiguillette, _f._ =ail= (éle), _v.a._, avoir, _ou_ faire, mal =à=; chagriner. What —s you? _qu’avez-vous?_ _qu’est-ce qui vous fait mal?_ Nothing —s me; _je n’ai rien_. Something —s him; _il a quelque chose_. =ail´ing= (él-igne), _adj._, souffrant, maladif. =ail´ment=, _n._, mal, malaise, _m._; incommodité, indisposition, _f._ =aim=, _v.a._, viser; ajuster, diriger; (a blow) lancer, porter. =aim=, _v.n._, viser =à=, aspirer =à=, tendre =à=; avoir pour but =de=. =aim= (éme), _n._, intention, visée, _f._; but; point de mire, dessein; (sight of a gun) guidon, _m._ To take — at; _viser_; _coucher en joue_. To miss one’s —; _manquer son coup_. =air=, _n._, air, _m._, mine, apparence, _f._; vent, _m._ To build castles in the —; _faire des châteaux en Espagne_. To give one’s self —s; _se donner des airs_. To give one’s self an — of; _se donner un air_ =de=. To vanish into thin —; _s’en aller à vau l’eau_. To let the — into a room; _donner de l’air_ =à= _une chambre_, _aérer une chambre_. To take the —; _prendre l’air_. To enjoy the evening —; _prendre le frais_. To go out in the open —; _prendre l’air_. In the open —; _en plein air_, _au grand air_. In the —; _en l’air_. Foul —; _air vicié_. Confined —; _air renfermé_. Downcast —; _air abattu_. Breath of —; _souffle de vent_, _m._ =air=, _v.a._, aérer; mettre à l’air; ressuyer; chauffer. This linen must be —ed; _il faut mettre ce linge à l’air_ or _il faut chauffer ce linge_. To — one’s self; _prendre l’air_. =air´-ball= (-bôl), _n._, petit ballon, _m._ =air´-balloon= (bal-loune), _n._, ballon aérostatique, _m._ =air´-blad´der= (-blad-deur), _n._, vessie pleine d’air; (ich.) vessie aérienne, vessie natatoire, _f._ =air´-brav´ing= (-brév-igne), _adj._, qui brave les vents. =air´-bubble= (-beub-b’l), _n._, bulle d’air, _f._ =air´-built= (-bilte), _adj._, bâti en l’air, chimérique. =air´-cell=, _n._, (bot.) cellule aérienne, _f._ =air´-current=, _n._, courant d’air, _m._ =air´-cushion= (-coush-eune), _n._, coussin à air, _m._ =air´-drawn= (-drōne), _adj._, imaginaire. =air´-exhauster=, _n._, (phys.) ventilateur, _m._ =air´-gun= (-gheune), _n._, fusil à vent, _m._ =air´-holder=, _n._, tube à air, _m._ =air´-hole=, _n._, soupirail; évent (of a furnace), _m._ =air´ily=, _adv._, légèrement, gaîment. =air´iness=, _n._, exposition à l’air; (fig.) légèreté, gaieté, _f._ =air´ing= (air-igne), _n._, aérage (of linen); éventage (of skins), _m._; promenade, _f._ To take an —; _prendre l’air_, _prendre le frais_, _faire une promenade_. To give an — to; _faire prendre l’air_ =à= or _mener promener_. =air´-jacket= (-djak-ète), _n._, ceinture de natation, ceinture à air, _f._ =air´-lamp=, _n._, lampe à courant d’air, _f._ =air´less=, _adj._, privé d’air. =air´-mattress=, _n._, matelas à air, _m._ =air´-passages= (-pass’èdjize), _n._, voies aériennes, _f.pl._ =air´-poise= (-poïze), _n._, aéromètre, _m._ =air´-pump= (-peu’mpe), _n._, machine pneumatique, pompe à air, _f._ =air´-shaft=, _n._, (tech.) puits d’aérage, _m._ =air´-stirring= (-steu’rigne), _adj._, qui bat l’air. =air´-stove= (-stôve), _n._, calorifère, _m._ =air´-thread= (-thrède), _n._, fil de la Vierge, _m._ =air´-tight= (-taïte), _adj._, imperméable à l’air. =air´-tightness=, _n._, imperméabilité à l’air, _f._ =air´-trap=, _n._, machine à ventiler, _f._, ventilateur, _m._ =air´-tubes= (-tioub’ze), _n._, conduits aériens, _m.pl._ =air´-valve=, _n._, soupape à air, _f._ =air´-vessel= (-vès’s’l), _n._, (bot.) vaisseau aérien; (tech.) réservoir d’air, récipient, _m._ =air´y=, _adj._, aérien; ouvert à l’air, aéré; léger, délicat; dégagé, gai, enjoué, sémillant. — words; _paroles en l’air_, _f.pl._ — nothings; _des riens_, _de petits riens_, _m.pl._ =air´y-light= (-laïte), _adj._, léger comme l’air. =aisle= (aïle), _n._, (of a church) aile, nef latérale, _f._, bas côté, _m._ =aisled=, _adj._, à bas côtés; à nefs latérales. =ait= (a-ït), _n._, îlot, _m._ =aitch´bone=, _n._, tranche (du cimier de bœuf), _f._ =ajar´= (adjâr), _adj._, entr’ouvert, entre-bâillé. =akim´bo= (-ki-m’bô), _adv._, appuyé sur la hanche. With one’s arms —; _les poings sur les hanches_. =akin´= (-kine), _adj._, allié =à=; parent; voisin =de=; qui ressemble =à=, semblable =à=; qui a rapport =avec=. Laughter is — to tears; (prov.) _tel qui rit vendredi, dimanche pleurera_. =al´abaster= (-teur), _n._, albâtre, _m._ =al´abaster=, _adj._, d’albâtre. =alack´!= _int._, hélas! =alack´aday!= _int._, hélas! =alac´rity=, _n._, vivacité, ardeur, _f._, empressement, _m._ =alamode´= (-môde), _adv._, à la mode. =alarm´=, _n._, alarme, _f._; (horl.) réveille-matin, _m._ To beat the —; _battre la générale_. =alarm´=, _v.a._, alarmer, donner d’alarme =à=, effrayer, faire peur =à=. Don’t be alarmed; _soyez sans inquiétude_ or _ne craignez rien_, _n’ayez pas peur_. =alarm´-bell=, _n._, cloche d’alarme, _f._, tocsin, _m._ =alarm´-clock=, _n._, réveille-matin, _m._ =alarm´-gun= (-gheune), _n._, canon d’alarme, _m._ =alarm´ing=, _adj._, alarmant. =alarm´ingly=, _adv._, d’une manière alarmante. =alarm´ist=, _n._, alarmiste, _m._ =alarm-post=, _n._, point de ralliement, _m._ =alar´um= (-la-reume, -lê-), _n._ _V._ =alarm=. =alas´!= _int._, hélas! =alb=, _n._, aube (priest’s vestment), _f._ =al´batross=, _n._, (orni.) albatros, _m._ =albe´it= (ōl-bi-ite), _adv._, quoique, bien que; malgré que (used only with _avoir_); néanmoins, toutefois. =albes´cent= (al-bès-sè-nte), _adj._, blanchissant. =albi´no=, _n._, albinos; ☉nègre-blanc, _m._ =albugin´eous= (-bioud’ji-n’i-eusse), _adj._, albuginé, albugineux. =albu´go= (-biou-gô), _n._, (med.) albugo, _m._, taie, _f._ =al´bum=, _n._, album, _m._ =albu´men= (-biou-), _n._, albumine, _f._ =albu´minous= (-neusse), _adj._, albumineux. =albur´num= (-beur-neume), _n._, (bot.) aubier, _m._ =alca´ic= (-ké-ike), _adj._, alcaïque. =alca´ic=, _n._, alcaïque, _m._ =alcaid´= (-kéde), _n._, alcade, _m._ =alchem´ic= _ou_ =alchem´ical= (-ké-), _adj._, alchimique. =alchem´ically=, _adv._, par un procédé alchimique. =al´chemist= (-ké-), _n._, alchimiste, _m._ =alchemist´ic= _ou_ =alchemist´ical=, _adj._, d’alchimiste, alchimique. =al´chemy= (-ké-), _n._, alchimie, _f._ =al´cohol= (-cô-), _n._, alcool, _m._ =alcohol´ic=, _adj._, alcoolique. =alcoholiza´tion= (-zé-), _n._, alcoolisation, _f._ =al´coholize= (-lïze), _v.a._, alcooliser. =alcohol´meter= _ou_ =alcoho´meter= (-miteur), _n._, alcoolomètre, alcoomètre, _m._ =al´coran=, _n._ _V._ =alkoran=, =koran=. =al´cove=, _n._, renfoncement, _m._, alcôve; niche; (gard.) loge, tonnelle, _f._, berceau, pavillon, _m._ =al´der= (ōl-deur), _n._, (bot.) aune, vergne, _m._ — grove; _aunaie_, _f._ =al´derman= (ōl-deur-mane), _n._, conseiller municipal, alderman, _m._ =al´der-plot= (-plote), _n._, aunaie, _f._ =ale= (éle), _n._, ale, bière, _f._ =ale´-bench= (-bè-nshe), _n._, banc de cabaret, _m._ =ale´-brewer= (-brou-eur), _n._, brasseur, _m._ =ale´-conner= (-con-neur), _n._, inspecteur de mesures pour les liquides, _m._ =ale´cost= (éle-), _n._ _V._ =tansy=. =alee´= (alî), _adv._, (nav.) sous le vent. =ale´-hoof= (-houfe), _n._, (bot.) lierre terrestre, _m._ =ale´-house= (-haouce), _n._ cabaret, _m._ =ale´-knight= (-naïte), _n._, (ant.) pilier de cabaret, _m._ =alem´bic=, _n._, alambic, _m._ =alert´= (-leurte), _n._, alerte, _f._ On the —; _sur le qui-vive_. =alert´=, _adj._, alerte, vigilant, vif, éveillé. =alert´ness=, _n._, activité, vigilance, promptitude, vivacité, _f._ =ale´-shot=, _n._, écot de cabaret, _m._ =ale´-stake= (él-stéke), _n._, bouchon de cabaret, _m._ =ale´-taster= (-tésteur), _n._, dégustateur, _m._ =ale´-wife= (-waïfe), _n._, cabaretière, _f._ =Alexan´drian=, _adj._, alexandrien, d’Alexandrie. =Alexan´drian= _ou_ =Alexan´drine=, _n._, alexandrin, _m._ =al´ga= (algha), _n._, (algæ) (bot.) algue, _f._ =algazel´=, _n._, gazelle, _f._ =al´gebra= (al-dji-), _n._, algèbre, _f._ =algebra´ic= (-bré-ik) _ou_ =algebra´ical= (-bré-i-), _adj._, algébrique. =algebra´ically=, _adv._, algébriquement. =algebra´ist= (-bré-iste), _n._, algébriste, _m._ =al´gor=, _n._, (med.) (ant.) froid extrême or glacial, _m._ =al´gorithm= (-gô-rith’m), _n._, (math.) algorithme, _m._ =al´gous= (-gheusse), _adj._, qui a rapport aux algues. =alguazil´=, _n._, alguazil, _m._ =a´lias= (é-li-), _n._, faux nom, pseudonyme, nom de guerre, _m._ =a´lias=, _adv._, dit, autrement dit. =al´ibi=, _n._, (jur.) alibi, _m._ =al´ible=, _adj._, (ant.) (med.) alibile. =al´ien= (éliène), _adj._, étranger =à=; éloigné =de=. =al´ien=, _n._, étranger, _m._, étrangère, _f._ — act; _loi sur les étrangers_, _f._ =al´ienability= (éliè-), _n._, aliénabilité, _f._ =al´ienable=, _adj._, aliénable. =al´ienage=, _n._, pérégrinité. =al´ienate=, _v.a._, aliéner, éloigner. =al´ienate=, _adj._ _V._ =alien=. =aliena´tion= (-né-), _n._, aliénation, _f._; éloignement, _m._ Mental —; _aliénation mentale_. =al´ienator=, _n._, aliénateur, _m._, aliénatrice, _f._ =alienee´=, _n._, aliénataire, _m.f._, acheteur, _m._ =al´ienism=, _n._, pérégrinité, _f._ =al´iform=, _adj._, ayant la forme d’une aile. =alight´= (-laïte), _adj._, allumé. To be —; _être allumé_. The house is —; _le feu est à la maison_. =alight´=, _v.n._, descendre; mettre pied à terre; (of birds) s’abattre, tomber. =align´=, _v.a._, aligner. =align´ment=, _n._, alignement, _m._ =alike´= (-laïke), _adv._, également; de même; à la fois; aussi; tout autant. =alike´=, _adj._, semblable, pareil; ressemblant. =al´iment=, _n._, aliment, _m._ =aliment´al=, _adj._, alimentaire, nutritif. =aliment´ally=, _adv._, d’une manière nutritive. =aliment´ary=, _adj._, alimentaire. =alimenta´tion= (-té-), _n._, alimentation, _f._ =al´imony=, _adj._, pension alimentaire, _f._ =al´iquant= (-kwa-n-te), _adj._, aliquante, _adj.f._ =al´iquot= (-kwote), _adj._, aliquote, _adj.f._ =alive´= (-laïve), _adj._, en vie, vivant; vif, gai; éveillé; attentif =à=, animé; sensible =à=. While —; _de son vivant_. Dead or —; _mort ou vif_. More dead than —; _plus mort que vif_. Look —! _remuez-vous un peu_. To keep —; (fig.) _entretenir_, _aviver_. To burn, bury, flay —; _brûler_, _enterrer_, _écorcher vif_. To be — with; _regorger_ =de=, _fourmiller_ =de=. To be — to one’s interests; _avoir ses intérêts à cœur_. The best man —; _le meilleur homme du monde_. No man —; _personne au monde_. To be quite — to the gravity of the situation; _sentir_, ou _comprendre_, _toute la gravité de la situation_. =alkales´cency=, _n._, (chem.) alcalescence, _f._ =alkales´cent=, _adj._, alcalescent. =al´kali=, _n._, alcali, _m._ =al´kalify= (-faïe), _v.a._, alcaliser. =al´kalify=, _v.n._, s’alcaliser. =alkalim´eter= (-miteur), _n._, (chem.) alcalimètre, _m._ =al´kaline=, _adj._, alcalin. =al´kaline= (-laïne), _n._, substance alcaline, _f._ =alkaliza´tion= (-laï-zé-), _n._, (ant.) alcalisation, _f._ =al´kalize= (-laïze), _v.a._, alcaliser. =al´kanet= (-nète), _n._, (bot.) orcanète, _f._ =al´koran= (-kôra-n), _n._, alcoran, coran, _m._ =all= (ōl), _adj._, tout, tous. — of you; _vous tous_. That is —; _voilà tout_, _c’est tout_. — the better; _tant mieux_. With — speed; _au plus vite_. For — that; _malgré cela_. It is — the same; _c’est tout de même_ ou _la même chose_. One and —; _tous sans exception_. Above —; _surtout_, _par-dessus tout_. — in —; _entièrement_, _tel quel_. — at one price; _au choix_. It is — the same to me; _cela m’est égal_ ou _je m’en bats l’œil_. If that be —; _s’il ne tient qu’à cela_ ou _si ce n’est que cela_. It is — nonsense; _c’est absurde_; _tout cela n’a pas le sens commun_; _allons donc! que me dites vous là!_ Four, five —; _quatre à quatre_, _cinq à cinq_. =all=, _adv._, tout, entièrement, souverainement. Not at —; _point du tout_. — at once; _tout d’un coup_. Nothing at —; _rien du tout_. At —; _tant soit peu_, _tant que de_. — in the wind; _incertain_, _irrésolu_, _inconstant_. =all=, _n._, tout, _m._ My —; _tout mon avoir_. If that’s —; _s’il ne tient qu’à cela_. To stake one’s —; _jouer son tout_. =all-aban´doned=, _adj._, abandonné de tous. =all-abhorred´= (-ab-hord), _adj._, abhorré de tous. =all-absorb´ing=, _adj._, qui absorbe l’esprit, du plus haut intérêt. =all-admir´ing= (-maïeur-), _adj._, tout dans l’admiration. =allay´=, _v.a._, apaiser, soulager, adoucir, calmer. =allay´=, _n._, affaiblissement, _m._ =allay´er= (al-lé-eur), _n._, qui soulage, qui calme; calmant, soulagement, _m._ =allay´ment=, _n._, (ant.) adoucissement, _m._ =all-beau´teous= (-biouti-eusse), _adj._, souverainement beau. =all-boun´tiful= (-baoun-tifoul), _adj._, infiniment bon. =all-cheer´ing= (-tshîrigne), _adj._, qui réjouit tout. =all-comply´ing= (-ko-m-plaïgne), _adj._, qui se prête à tout. =all-dread´ed= (-drè-dède), _adj._, redouté de tous. =all-effi´cient= (-shi-è-nte), _adj._, tout efficace. =allega´tion= (al-li-ghé-), _n._, allégation, _f._ =allege´= (al-lèdje), _v.a._, alléguer, prétendre. =allege´able=, _adj._, qu’on peut alléguer. =alleg´er=, _n._, allégateur, _m._, -trice, _f._, celui, celle qui allègue. =alle´giance= (al-lîd-jia-nce), _n._, fidélité; obéissance, _f._ Oath of —; _serment de fidélité_, _m._ =allegor´ic= _ou_ =allegor´ical=, _adj._, allégorique. =allegor´ically=, _adv._, allégoriquement. =allegor´icalness= (al-li-), _n._, nature allégorique, _f._ =al´legorist=, _n._, allégoriste, _m._ =al´legorize= (-raïze), _v.a._, allégoriser. =al´legorize=, _v.n._, faire des allégories. =al´legory= (al-li-), _n._, allégorie, _f._ =alle´gro= (al-lé-), _adv._, (mus.) allegro. =all-el´oquent= (-èl-ô-koue-n-te), _adj._, tout éloquent. =allelu´jah= (al-li-liou-ya), _n._, alléluia, _m._ =all-endur´ing= (è-n-diourigne), _adj._, résigné à tout, qui endure tout. =alle´viate= (al-li-vié-te), _v.a._, alléger, soulager, adoucir. =allevia´tion=, _n._, allégement, adoucissement, soulagement, _m._ =al´ley= (al-li), _n._, (of a town) ruelle, allée, _f._ Blind —; _impasse_, _f._; _cul de sac_, _m._ =all-fours´= (ōl-fôrze), _n._, (cards) impériale, _f._ To go on —; _marcher_, or _aller_, _à quatre pattes_. =all-giv´er= (-ghiveur), _n._, dispensateur de tous les biens, _m._ =all-good´= (ōl-goude), _adj._, souverainement bon. =all-good´=, _n._, (bot.) chenopode, épinard sauvage, _m._ =all-hail´!= (-héle), _int._, salut! =all-hal´lows= (ōl-hal-lôze), _n._, La Toussaint, _f._ =all-hap´py=, _adj._, bienheureux. =all´-heal= (-hîle), _n._, (bot.) berce, branche-ursine bâtarde, _f._ =allia´ceous= (al-lié-shi-eusse), _adj._, (bot.) alliacé. =alli´ance= (al-lai-a-nce), _n._, alliance; (kindred) parenté, _f._ =al´lied=, _adj._, allié, parent. =alliga´tion=, _n._, (arith.) règle d’alliage, _f._ =al´ligator= (al-li-ghé-teur), _n._, alligator, caïman, _m._ =allitera´tion= (al-li-teuré-), _n._, (rhet.) allitération, _f._ =allit´erative= (al-li-teura-), _adj._, allitératif. =all-judg´ing= (-djeud’jigne), _adj._, juge suprême. =all-just´= (-djeuste), _adj._, qui est la justice même. =all-kind´= (-kaï-n-de), _adj._, de toute bonté; extrêmement bon. =all-know´ing= (-nôïgne), _adj._, de science infinie, omniscient; qui sait tout. =all-lov´ing=, _adj._, dont l’amour est infini; qui est tout amour. =al´locate= (al-lôkéte), _v.a._, allouer; assigner. =alloca´tion=, _n._, allocation; disposition, _f._, arrangement, _m._ =allocu´tion= (al-lô-kiou-), _n._, allocution, _f._ =allo´dial= (al-lô-), _adj._, allodial. =allo´dium= (al-lô-dieume), _n._, franc-alleu, _m._ =allonge´= (al-leu’n-je), _n._, (fenc.) botte, _f._ =allonge´=, _v.a._, (fenc.) allonger, porter. =alloo´=. _V._ =halloo=. =allopath´ic=, _adj._, allopathique. =allop´athist=, _n._, allopathe, _m._ =allop´athy=, _n._, allopathie, _f._ =allot´= (al-lote), _v.a._, assigner en partage, donner, départir, répartir, accorder; (appointment) désigner, destiner, affecter. =allot´ment=, _n._, partage, lot; décret, _m._; distribution, répartition; (agri.) sole, _f._ =allot´tery=, _n._, (ant.). _V._ =allotment=. =allow´= (al-laou), _v.a._, permettre, autoriser; donner; allouer, approuver, avouer, admettre, reconnaître; souffrir, sanctionner. To — any one to do anything; _permettre à quelqu’un_ =de= (ou _autoriser quelqu’un_ =à=) _faire quelque chose_. To — for; _deduire_; _faire la part_ =de=; _tenir compte_ =de=; (fig.) _avoir égard_ =à=. To — of; _comporter_, _admettre_ =de=. I will not — it; _je ne le souffrirai_, or _permettrai_, _pas_. — me; _permettez-moi_. I am allowed to; _il m’est permis_ =de=, _je suis autorisé_ =à=, _on me laisse_. I am allowed wine; _le vin m’est permis_ ou _on me permet le vin_. To allow one’s self to be; _se laisser_ (followed by infinitive). — me! _permettez!_ =allow´able=, _adj._, légitime, juste, permis, admissible; convenable. =allow´ableness=, _n._, légitimité, légalité, _f._ =allow´ance=, _n._, allocation, pension; gratification; ration; (com.) remise, réduction, sanction, permission, indulgence; (mil.) indemnité, _f._ Short —; _ration réduite_, _ration diminuée_. Trade —; (com.) _remise_, _réduction_. Mess —; _indemnité de table_. To be on short —; _être rationné_. To make — for; _avoir de l’indulgence_ =pour=; _avoir égard_ =à=, _tenir compte_ =de=. To put on short —; _rationner_. Monthly —; _mois_, _m._ Weekly —; _semaine_, _f._ =allow´ance=, _v.a._, mettre à la ration, rationner. =alloy´= (al-lo-i), _n._, alliage, mélange, _m._ There is no joy without —; _il n’y a pas de bonheur sans mélange_. =alloy´=, _v.a._, (metal.) allier; altérer, diminuer, flétrir. =alloy´age= (al-lo-yèdge), _n._, (metal.) alliage, _m._ =all-pow´erful= (-paoueurfoul), _adj._, tout-puissant. =all-saints’´-day= (-sé-ntse-), _n._, jour de la Toussaint, _m._ =all-souls’´-day= (-sôlze-), _n._, jour des morts, _m._ =all´-spice= (-spaïce), _n._, (bot.) piment, _m._ =all-suffi´cient= (-seuf-fi-shie-n-te), _adj._, suffisant. =allude´= (al-lioude), _v.a._, faire allusion =à=; avoir trait =à=; vouloir parler =de=; vouloir dire. =allure´= (al-lioure), _v.a._, amorcer, attirer, séduire, engager, inviter =à=. =allure´ment=, _n._, amorce, séduction, _f._; appât, charme, attrait, _m._ =allur´er=, _n._, séducteur, flatteur, tentateur, _m._ =allur´ing=, _adj._, entraînant, attrayant, séduisant. =allur´ingly=, _adv._, d’une manière séduisante, attrayante, entraînante. =allur´ingness=, _n._, entraînement, _m._; séduction, _f._ =allu´sion= (al-liou-jeune), _n._, allusion; comparaison; figure, _f._ In — to; _par allusion_ =à= or _en faisant allusion_ =à=. =allu´sive=, _adj._, faisant allusion; figuré. =allu´sively=, _adv._, par allusion. =allu´via= (al-liou-), _n.pl._, terres d’alluvion, _f.pl._, alluvion, _f._ =allu´vial=, _adj._, d’alluvion, alluvial. =allu´vious= (al-liou-vi-eusse), _adj._, (ant.). _V._ =alluvial=. =allu´vium= (al-liou-vieume), _n._, alluvion, _f._, atterrissement, _m._ =all-wise´= (-waïze), _adj._, d’une sagesse infinie. =all-wor´shiped= (-shipte), _adj._, adoré de tous. =all-wor´thy= (-weurthi), _adj._, infiniment digne. =ally´= (al-laï), _v.a._, allier =à=, unir =à=, joindre =à=. To — one’s self to; _s’allier_ =à= ou =avec=. =ally´=, _n._, allié, parent, ami, confédéré, _m._ =al´magist= (-djiste), _n._, almageste, _m._ =al´manac= (ōl-ma-nake), _n._, almanach, _m._ =almight´iness= (ōl-maï-ti-nèsse), _n._, toute-puissance, omnipotence, _f._ =almight´y= (ōl-maï-ti), _adj._, tout-puissant, omnipotent. =almight´y=, _n._, Tout-Puissant, _m._ =a´lmond= (â-meu-n-de), _n._, amande, _f._ Burnt —; _praline_, _amande pralinée_, _f._ Sugared —; _dragée_, _f._ — rock; _nougat_, _m._ Milk of —s; _lait d’amandes_, _m._ Bitter —; _amande amère_. Sweet —; _amande douce_. African —; _amande d’Afrique_. Italian —; _amande d’Italie_. Shelled —s; _amandes cassées_. Oil of —s; _huile d’amandes_, _f._ — paste; _pâte d’amande_, _f._ — soap; _savon d’amande_, _m._ — of the ear, _parotide_, _f._ =a´lmond-flower= (-flaoueur), _n._, fleur d’amande, _f._ =a´lmond-tree= (-trî), _n._, amandier, _m._ =al´moner=, _n._, aumônier, _m._ =al´monry= (-meun’ri), _n._, aumônerie, _f._ =al´most= (ōl-môste), _adv._, presque, (before a numeral) près =de=. =alms= (â’mze), _n._, aumône, _f._ To give —, _faire_ or _donner l’aumône_. =alms´-box=, _n._, tronc des pauvres, _m._ =alms´deed= (-dîde), _n._, œuvre de charité, _f._ =alms´-giving= (-ghi-), _n._, aumônes, _f.pl._ =alms´-house= (-haouce), _n._, maison de charité, _f._; hospice pour les pauvres, _m._ =alms´-man=, _n._, qui vit d’aumônes, _m._ =al´muce=, _n._, aumusse, _f._ =al´nage= (al-nèdje), _n._, aunage, _m._ =al´night= (al-naïte), _n._, (ant.) veilleuse, _f._ =al´oe= (-lô), _n._, (bot.) aloès, _m._ =al´oes= (-lôze), _n._, (med.) aloès, _m._ =al´oes-wood= (-woude), _n._, bois d’aloès, _m._ =aloet´ic= (-ètic) _ou_ =aloet´ical= (-ètical), _adj._, aloétique. =aloet´ic=, _n._, médicament aloétique, _m._ =aloft´=, _adv._, en haut, haut, en l’air; (nav.) dans les hunes. To go —; _monter au haut du mât_ ou _dans les hunes_. —! (int.) _à la hune!_ =alone´= (-lône), _adj._, seul; unique. To let —; _laisser_, _laisser de côté_, _laisser là_. Let me —; _laissez-moi tranquille_. =along´=, _adv._, le long, au long, le long =de=. — with; _avec_; _en même temps que_, _ainsi que_. Come —; _venez donc_. All —; _tout le temps_; _tout le long_ =de=; _tout le long du chemin_. Go —; _allez-vous promener_. — side; (nav.) _contre à contre_, _bord à bord_. =aloof´= (-loufe), _adv._, loin; au loin, au large; éloigné, à distance, à l’écart; (nav.) au lof. To keep —; _se tenir à l’écart_. To hold —; _tenir à distance_. =alo´sa= (-lô-ça), _n._, (ich.) alose, _f._ =aloud´= (-laoude), _adv._, haut; à haute voix; à grand bruit. =alpa´ca=, _n._, (al-pa-ca) (fabric) alpaga, alpaca; (zoöl.) alpaca, _m._ =al´pha=, _n._, alpha (of the Greek alphabet); alpha, commencement, principe, _m._ =al´phabet=, _n._, alphabet; (com.) répertoire alphabétique, _m._ =al´phabet=, _v.a._, classer par ordre alphabétique. =alphabet´ic= _ou_ =alphabet´ical=, _adj._, alphabétique. In — order; _par ordre alphabétique_. =alphabet´ically=, _adv._, alphabétiquement. =al´pine=, _adj._, alpin; des Alpes, alpestre. =alread´y= (ōl-rè-), _adv._, déjà. =alsa´tia=, _n._, cour des miracles, _f._ =al´so= (ōl-sô), _adv._, aussi, également. =al´tar= (-teur), _n._, autel, _m._ High —; _maître-autel_, _m._ =al´tar-cloth= (-clōth), _n._, nappe, _f._, _or_ parement, _m._, d’autel. =al´tar-piece= (-pîce), _n._, tableau d’autel, _m._ =al´tar-screen=, _n._, retable, _m._ =al´tarwise= (-waïze), _adj._, en forme d’autel. =al´ter=, _v.a._, changer; modifier; retoucher, retoucher =à=; corriger. =al´ter= (ōl-teur), _v.n._, changer, se changer. =al´terable=, _adj._, changeant, variable. =altera´tion= (-teuré-), _n._, changement, _m._, correction, modification, _f._ To require —; _demander_, or _exiger_, _du changement_. =al´terative= (-teura-), _adj._, (med.) altérant. =al´terative=, _n._, (med.) altérant, _m._ =altercate=, _v.n._, se disputer, se quereller. =alterca´tion= (ōl-teur-ké-), _n._, altercation, dispute, _f._ =altern´ate= (ōl-teur-néte), _adj._, alterne, alternant; (of rhymes) croisé. =altern´ate=, _n._, alternative (succession), _f._ =al´ternate=, _v.a._, alterner, faire alterner, exercer alternativement. =al´ternate=, _v.n._, alterner. =altern´ately=, _adv._, alternativement, tour à tour. =altern´ateness=, _n._, alternat, _m._ =alterna´tion=, _n._, alternative, choix; (geol.) alternance, _f._ =altern´ative= (ōl-teur-né-), _adj._, alternatif, alternant. =altern´ative=, _n._, alternative, _f._; choix, _m._ =altern´atively=, _adv._, alternativement. =although´= (ōl-thô), _conj._, bien que, quoique. =altil´oquence= (-lo-kwè-n-se), _n._, (ant.) discours pompeux, _m._ =altim´etry=, _n._, altimétrie, _f._ =al´titude= (-tioude), _n._, élévation, hauteur, altitude, _f._ =altogeth´er= (ōl-tou-ghè-_th_eur), _adv._, tout a fait, entièrement, tout à la fois, (in all) en tout. =al´to-relie´vo= (-tô-ri-lî-vo), _n._, plein, haut relief, _m._ =al´udel= (-liou-) _n._, (chem.) aludel, _m._ =al´um= (-leume), _n._ alun, _m._ Rock —; _alun de roche_. =al´um=, _v.a._, aluner. =al´umed= (-leum’de), _adj._, aluné. =alu´mina= _ou_ =alu´mine= (-liou-), _n._, (min.) alumine, _f._ =al´uming= (-leumigne), _n._, (dy.) alunage, _m._ =alu´minous= (-liou-ni-neusse), _adj._, alumineux. =alu´minum=, _n._, aluminium, _m._ =al´umish= (-leu-mishe), _adj._, alumineux. =al´um-ma´king= (-mé-kigne), _n._, alunation, _f._ =al´um-pit=, _n._, alunière, _f._ =al´um-wa´ter= (-wō-teur), _n._, eau alumineuse, _f._ =al´um-works= (-weurkse), _n.pl._, fabrique d’alun, _f._ =al´veole= (-vi-ole) _ou_ =al´veolus= (-vi-oleusse), _n._, (_alveoli_) (anat.) alvéole, _m._ =al´ways= (ōlwéze), _adv._, toujours. =A.M.=, _adv._, du matin; l’an du monde; maître-dès-arts, _m._ =amabil´ity=, _n._, amabilité, _f._ =amain´= (-méne), _adv._, vigoureusement, avec force, de toutes ses forces; (nav.) tout de suite; (nav.) amène! =amal´gam= (-game), _n._, amalgame, _m._ =amal´gamable=, _adj._, qui peut s’amalgamer. =amal´gamate= (-méte), _v.a._, amalgamer, fusionner. =amal´gamate=, _v.n._, s’amalgamer, se fusionner; (fig.) se combiner. =amalgama´tion= (-ga-mé-), _n._, amalgamation, _f._; (fig.) amalgame, fusionnement, _m._ =amanuen´sis= (-niou-è-n), _n._ (_amanuenses_) secrétaire, copiste, _m._ =am´aranth= (-ra-nth) _ou_ =amaran´thus= (-ra-ntheusse), _n._, amarante, _f._ =amaranth´ine= (-ra-n-thine), _adj._, d’amarante. =amaryl´lis=, _n._, (bot.) amaryllis, _f._ =amass´=, _v.a._, amasser, entasser. =amateur´= (-teur), _n._, amateur, _m._ =amato´rial= (-tô-), _adj._, d’amour; amoureux. =amato´rially=, _adv._, amoureusement. =am´atory= (-to-), _adj._, d’amour; amoureux. =amauro´sis=, _n._, (med.) goutte sereine, amaurose, _f._ =amaze´= (-méze), _v.a._, surprendre, étonner, frapper d’étonnement, confondre, interdire; (dazzle) éblouir, émerveiller. =amazed´= (-méz’de), _part._, étonné; surpris; ébahi; confondu, interdit. =amaz´edly= (-mézèdli), _adv._, avec étonnement. =amaz´edness= (-mézèd’nèsse), _n._, étonnement, _m._ =amaze´ment=, _n._, étonnement, stupeur, _f._; ébahissement, effroi, _m._ =amaz´ing=;, _adj._, étonnant, épatant, extraordinaire. =amaz´ingly=, _adv._, étonnamment, furieusement, au possible. =am´azon=, _n._, amazone, _f._ =Amazo´nia=, (myth., lit.) pays des amazones, _m._ =Amazo´nian= (-zô-), _adj._, d’amazone, hardi. =amba´ges= (a-m-bé-d’jize), _n.pl._, ambages, _f.pl._, détours, _m.pl._ =ambas´sador= (-deur), _n._, ambassadeur, _m._ =ambas´sadress= (-drèsse), _n._, ambassadrice, _f._ =am´ber= (-beur), _n._, ambre, _m._ =am´ber=, _adj._, d’ambre. =am´ber=, _v.a._, ambrer. =am´ber-colored= (-keu-leurde), _adj._, ambré. =am´ber-drink=, _n._, boisson de couleur ambrée, _f._ =am´bergris= (-grîsse), _n._, ambre gris, _m._ =am´ber-seed= (-sîde), _n._, graine musquée, ambrette, _f._ =ambidex´ter= (-teur), _n._, ambidextre, _m.f._ =ambidexter´ity=, _n._, ambidextérité, (fig.) duplicité, fourberie, _f._ =ambidex´trous= (-treusse), _adj._, ambidextre. =am´bient=, _adj._, ambiant. =ambigu´ity=, _n._, ambiguïté; équivoque, _f._ =ambig´uous= (-ghîou-eusse), _adj._, ambigu, équivoque, douteux. =ambig´uously=, _adv._, ambigument, d’une manière équivoque. =ambig´uousness=, _n._, ambiguïté, _f._ =am´bit=, _n._, contour, _m._, circonférence, _f._ =ambi´tion=, _n._, ambition, _f._ =ambi´tious= (-sheusse), _adj._, ambitieux. =ambi´tiously=, _adv._, ambitieusement. =am´ble=, _v.n._, aller l’amble, trottiner, aller son chemin, son train. To make a horse —; _mettre un cheval à l’amble_. =am´ble=, _v.a._, faire aller l’amble =à=. =am´ble=, _n._, amble, _m._ =am´bler= (-bleur), _n._, haquenée, _f._; cheval qui va l’amble, _m._ =am´bling=, _adj._, à l’amble. — pace, _n._, _amble_, _m._ =am´blingly=, _adv._, à l’amble. =ambro´sia= (-brô-jia), _n._, ambroisie, _f._ =ambro´sial=, _adj._, d’ambroisie, délicieux, doux. =ambro´sian= (-brô-ji-), _adj._, d’ambroisie. =ambs´-ace= (é’mz’éce), _n._, beset, bezet, ambesas, _m._ =am´bulance=, _n._ (-biou-), hôpital militaire, _m._; ambulance, _f._ — cart; _fourgon d’ambulance_, _m._ =am´bulant= (-biou-), _adj._, ambulant. =am´bulatory=, _adj._, ambulatoire. =am´bury= (-biou-), _n._, (vet.) furoncle, _m._ =ambuscade´= (-beus-kéde), _n._, embuscade, _f._ To lay an — for; _dresser une embuscade_ =à=. To fall into an —; _tomber dans une embuscade_. =ambuscade´=, _v.a._, embusquer, mettre en embuscade. =am´bush= (-boushe), _n._, (b.s.) embûche; (milit.) embuscade, _f._, guet-apens, _m._ =am´bush=, _v.a._, embusquer. =am´bush=, _v.n._, s’embusquer. =am´bushment=, _n._, (ant.) embûche, _f._ =ameer´= (-mieur) _or_ =amir´=, _n._, Emir, _m._ =amel´iorate= (-mi-lieu-réte), _v.a._, améliorer, perfectionner. =amel´iorate=, _v.n._, s’améliorer, se perfectionner. =ameliora´tion=, _n._, amélioration, _f._; perfectionnement, _m._ =amen´= (é-mè-ne), _adv._, amen; ainsi soit-il. =ame´nable= (-mi-), _adj._, responsable, comptable; (jur.) justiciable =de=, soumis =à=, sujet =à=. He is — to reason; _on peut lui faire entendre raison_. To make any one — to reason; _faire entendre raison à quelqu’un_. =ame´nableness=, _n._, responsabilité; soumission. =amend´=, _v.a._, amender, corriger; réparer; réformer, modifier. =amend´=, _v.n._, s’amender, s’améliorer, se corriger. =amend´able= (-dab’l), _adj._, amendable. =amend´er=, _n._, personne qui amende, chose qui amende, _f._; correctif, _m._ =amend´ment=, _n._, amendement, changement, _m._; amélioration, rectification, réforme, _f._ =amends´= (-mè-n-dze), _n.pl._, dédommagement, _m._; compensation; réparation, _f._ To make — for; _dédommager_ =de=, _compenser_; _réparer_. =amen´ity= (-mè-), _n._, aménité, _f._ =Amenta´ceæ=, _n.pl._, (bot.) amentacées, _f.pl._ =amerce´= (-meurse), _v.a._, mettre, _or_ condamner, à l’amende. =amerce´ment=, _n._, amende, peine, _f._ =Amer´ican=, _adj._, américain. =Amer´ican=, _n._, Américain, _m._, Américaine, _f._ =Amer´ican=, _n._, (print.) américaine, _f._ =Amer´icanism=, _n._, idiotisme américain, _m._ =Amer´icanize= (-naïze), _v.a._, naturaliser Américain. =am´ethyst= (-mé-thiste), _n._, améthyste, _f._ =amethyst´ine= (-taïne), _adj._, de la nature de l’améthyste; fait d’améthyste. =amiabil´ity= (é-mia-), _n._, amabilité, _f._ =a´miable=, _adj._, aimable; attrayant, gracieux. =a´miableness=, _n._, amabilité, bonne grâce, _f._ =a´miably=, _adv._, avec amabilité, gracieusement. =am´ianth= (-a-nth) _ou_ =amian´thus= (-theusse), _n._, (min.) amiante, _m._ =am´icable=, _adj._, amical; (of a settlement) à l’amiable. =am´icableness=, _n._, état amical, _m._, cordialité, _f._ =am´icably=, _adv._, amicalement; amiablement, (of a settlement) à l’amiable, de gré =à= gré. =am´ice= (-misse) _or_ =am´ict= (-mikte), _n._, amict, _m._ =amid´= _ou_ =amidst´=, _prep._, au milieu de. =amid´ships=, _adv._, (nav.) par le travers. Helm —! _droite la barre!_ =amiss´=, _adj._, mauvais, hors de propos. =amiss´=, _adv._, mal, en mal, en mauvaise part; (unseasonably) mal à propos. To do —; _mal faire_. Do not take — what I am going to tell you; _ne prenez pas en mauvaise part ce que je vais vous dire_. Nothing comes — to him; _il s’arrange de tout_; _tout lui va_. =am´ity=, _n._, amitié, _f._; entente cordiale, _f._ =am´mi=, _n._, (bot.) ammi, sison, _m._ =ammo´nia= (am-mô-), _n._, ammoniaque, _f._ =ammo´niac= _ou_ =ammoni´acum= (-keume), _n._, gomme ammoniaque, _f._ =ammo´niac= _ou_ =ammoni´acal=, _adj._, ammoniac, ammoniacal. =ammuni´tion= (am-miou-), _n._, munitions de guerre, _f.pl._ — bread; _pain de munition_, _m._ =am´nesty=, _n._, amnistie, _f._ _v.a._, amnistier. =amo´mum= (-mô-meume), _n._, (bot.) amome, _m._ =among´= (-meu’gne), =amongst´= (-meu’gnst), _prep._, entre, parmi; avec, au milieu de, chez. From —; _d’entre_. — others; _entre autres_. One — a thousand; _un sur mille_. =am´orous= (-reusse), _adj._, amoureux. =am´orously=, _adv._, amoureusement. =am´orousness=, _n._, galanterie, passion, tendance à l’amour, _f._ =amor´phous= (-feusse), _adj._, amorphe. =amort´= (-morte), _adj._, abattu, mélancolique, triste à la mort. =amortiza´tion= (-taïzé-), _n._, amortissement, _m._ =amort´ize= (-taïze), _v.a._, amortir; (ant.) annuler, détruire. =amort´izement=, _n._, amortissement, _m._ =amount´= (-maou-n’te), _v.n._, se monter =à=, monter =à=, revenir =à=, s’élever =à=, se réduire =à=. That amounts to the same thing; _cela revient au même_. His argument amounts to this; _son argument se réduit à ceci_. =amount´=, _n._, montant, total, _m._; quantité, somme, _f._; (fig.) valeur, _f._, résultat, _m._ To the — of; _jusqu’à concurrence_ =de=. =amour´=, _n._, amours (intrigue amoureuse), _f.pl._, galanterie, amourette, _f._ =Amphib´ia=, _n.pl._, amphibies, _m.pl._ =amphib´ian=, _n._, amphibie, _m._ =amphib´ious= (-bieusse), _adj._, amphibie. =amphib´iousness=, _n._, nature amphibie, _f._ =amphibolog´ical= (-lod’ji-), _adj._, amphibologique. =amphibolog´ically=, _adv._, amphibologiquement. =amphibol´ogy=, _n._, amphibologie, _f._ =amphictyon´ic= (-ti-o-), _adj._, amphictyonique. =amphic´tyons= (-ti-o-n-ze), _n.pl._, amphictyons, _m.pl._ =amphi´scians= (-fis-si-a-n-ze) _ou_ =amphis´cii= (-fis-si-aïe), _n.pl._, (geog.) amphisciens, _m.pl._ =amphithe´atral= (-thi-), _adj._, en amphithéâtre. =amphithe´ater= (-thi-a-teur), _n._, amphithéâtre, _m._ =amphitheat´rical=, _adj._, amphithéâtral, d’amphithéâtre. =am´ple=, _adj._, ample, large; vaste, grand, suffisant, trés suffisant. =am´pleness=, _n._, ampleur, grandeur, étendue, _f._ =amplia´tion= (-pli-é-), _n._, (Rom. antiq.) ajournement d’un jugement criminel, _m._; (l.u.) amplification, prolixité, _f._ =amplifica´tion= (-ké-), _n._, amplification, _f._ =am´plifier= (faï-eur), _n._, amplificateur, _m._ =am´plify= (-faïe), _v.a._, agrandir, amplifier, augmenter, étendre, grossir, développer. =am´plitude= (-tioude), _n._, amplitude, étendue, largeur, _f._ =am´ply=, _adv._, amplement. =ampul´la= (-peul-la), _n._, (bot.) ampoule, _f._ =am´putate= (-piou-téte), _v.a._, amputer. =amputa´tion=, _n._, amputation, _f._ To perform an —; _faire une amputation_. =amuck´=, _adv._ To run — at; _attaquer en fou furieux_; _parcourir les rues comme un forcené_. =am´ulet= (-mioulète), _n._, amulette, _f._ =amuse´= (-miouze), _v.a._, amuser, divertir, récréer, distraire. To be —d at; _s’amuser_, _se divertir_, _rire_ =de=. =amuse´ment=, _n._, amusement, divertissement, plaisir, _m._; distraction, _f._ =amus´er=, _n._, amuseur, _m._ =amus´ing=, _adj._, amusant, agréable, divertissant. =amus´ingly=, _adv._, d’une manière amusante. =amus´ively=, _adv._, agréablement, de manière à amuser. =amyg´dalate= (-da-léte), _adj._, fait d’amandes. =amyg´dalate=, _n._, amandé, lait d’amande, _m._ =amyg´daloid= (-loïde), _n._, (min.) amygdaloïde, _f._ =amyla´ceous= (-lé-shi-eusse), _adj._, amylacé. =an=, _art._, un, _m._, une, _f._ =an=, _conj._, (ant.) si. Catch me — thou canst, _attrape-moi, si tu peux_. =Anabap´tism= (-bap-tiz’me), _n._, anabaptîsme, _m._ =Anabap´stist=, _n._, anabaptiste, _m._ _f._ =Anabaptis´tic= _ou_ =Anabaptis´tical=, _adj._, des anabaptistes. =Anabaptis´tically=, _adv._, en anabaptiste. =Anabap´tistry=, _n._, (l.u.) anabaptisme, _m._ =anacar´dium= (-câr-dieume), _n._, (bot.) anacarde, _m._ =anach´oret= (-kô-rète) _ou_ =anach´orite= (-kô-raïte), _n._ _V._ =anchoret=. =anach´ronism=, _n._, anachronisme, _m._ =anachronis´tic=, _adj._, qui contient un anachronisme. =anacolu´thon= (-liou-tho-n), _n._, (gram.) anacoluthe, _f._ =Anacreon´tic= (-cri-o-n-), _adj._, anacréontique. =Anacreon´tic=, _n._, poème anacréontique, _m._ =anagog´ical= (-god’ji-), _adj._, (theol.) anagogique. =an´agram=, _n._, anagramme, _f._ =anagrammat´ic= _ou_ =anagrammat´ical=, _adj._, d’anagramme. =anagrammat´ically=, _adv._, par anagramme. =anagram´matist=, _n._, faiseur d’anagrammes, _m._ =anagram´matize=, _v.n._, faire des anagrammes. =analec´ta= _ou_ =an´alects= (-lèkta, -lèktse), _n.pl._, analectes, _m.pl._ =analem´ma=, _n._, (astron.) analemme, _m._ =analep´tic=, _adj._, analeptique. =analep´tic=, _n._, analeptique, _m._ =analog´ical= (-lod’ji-), _adj._, analogique. =analog´ically=, _adv._, analogiquement. =anal´ogism= (-lod’jiz’me), _n._, (phil.) analogisme, _m._ =anal´ogist=, _n._, personne qui fait des analogies, _f._ =anal´ogize= (-lod’jaïze), _v.a._, expliquer analogiquement. =anal´ogous= (-logheusse), _adj._, analogue. =anal´ogously=, _adv._, d’une manière analogue. =anal´ogy= (-lod’ji), _n._, analogie, _f._ By —; _par analogie_. =anal´ysis=, _n._, analyse, _f._ =an´alyst=, _n._, analyste, _m._ =analyt´ic= _or_ =analyt´ical=, _adj._, analytique, raisonné. =analyt´ically=, _adv._, analytiquement. =analyt´ics=, _n._, art de l’analyse, _m._; algébre, _f._ =an´alyze= (-laïze), _v.a._, analyser, faire l’analyse =de=. =an´alyzer=, _n._, analyste; analyseur, _m._ =anamor´phosis= (-cisse), _n._, anamorphose, _f._ =ana´nas= _ou_ =ananas´sa=, _n._, ananas, _m._ =an´apæst= _ou_ =an´apest=, _n._, anapeste, _m._ =anapest´ic=, _adj._, anapestique. =anapest´ic=, _n._, mesure anapestique, _f._ =anaph´ora=, _n._, (rhet.) anaphore, _f._ =anarch´ic= _ou_ =anarch´ical= (-kik, -ki-kal), _adj._, anarchique. =an´archist=, _n._, anarchiste, _m._ _f._ =an´archy= (-ki-), _n._, anarchie, _f._ =anasar´ca= (-çâr-), _n._, (med.) anasarque, _f._ =anasar´cous= (-çâr-keusse), _adj._, hydropique. =anath´ema= (-nath-i-), _n._, anathème, _m._ =anathemat´ical=, _adj._, d’anathème. =anathemat´ically=, _adv._, en forme d’anathème. =anathematiza´tion= (-nath-i-matizé-), _n._, action d’anathématiser, _f._ =anath´ematize= (-nath-i-ma-taïze), _v.a._, anathématiser, frapper d’anathème, excommunier. =anath´ematized= (-nath-i-ma-taïz’de), _adj._, anathème, excommunié. =anatom´ical=, _adj._, anatomique. =anatom´ically=, _adv._, anatomiquement. =anat´omist= (-to-), _n._, anatomiste, _m._ =anat´omize= (-to-maïze), _v.a._, anatomiser. =anat´omy= (-to-), _n._, anatomie, _f._ =an´cestor= (-cès-teur), _n._, ancêtre, aïeul, _m._ =an´cestors= (-cès-teurze), _n.pl._, ancêtres, pères, aïeux, _m.pl._ =ances´tral=, _adj._, d’ancêtres; de mes, de tes, de ses, etc., ancêtres; héréditaire. =an´cestry=, _n._, ancêtres, _m.pl._; race, origine, naissance, haute extraction, _f._ =an´chor= (aign-keur), _n._, ancre, _f._ Best bower —; _seconde ancre_. Bower —; _ancre de poste_. Ebb —; _ancre de jusant_. Flood —; _ancre de flot_. Foul —; _ancre surjalée_. Kedge —; _ancre à empenneler_, _ancre de toue_. Sea —; _ancre du large_. Sheet-—; _maîtresse ancre_, _ancre de miséricorde_; (fig.) _ancre de salut_, _planche de salut_, _f._ Shore —; _ancre de terre_. Small bower —; _ancre d’affourche_. Spare —; _ancre de rechange_. Stream —; _ancre de touée_. To lie _or_ ride at —; _être à l’ancre_. To let go the —; _mouiller l’ancre_. To weigh —; _lever l’ancre_. To drag the —s; _chasser sur les ancres_. — stock; _jas_, _jouail_, _jouet_, _m._ =an´chor=, _v.n._, mouiller, ancrer, s’ancrer; (fig.) se fixer, s’arrêter, s’ancrer. =an´chor=, _v.a._, mouiller, ancrer. =an´chorage= (-keur-édje), _n._, mouillage, ancrage; droit d’ancrage, _m._; ancres, _f.pl._ =an´chored= (-keur’de), _adj._, mouillé, ancré. =an´choret= (-keu-rète) _ou_ =an´chorite= (-keu-raïte), _n._, anachorète, ermite, _m._ =an´chor-ground= (-graounde), _n._, (nav.) mouillage, _m._ =an´chor-hold=, _n._, (nav.) tenue, _f._ =an´choring=, _n._, (nav.) mouillage, ancrage, _m._ =an´choring-ground=, _n._, mouillage, _m._ =an´choring-place= (-keurigne-pléce), _n._, mouillage, _m._ =an´chor-smith=, _n._, forgeur d’ancres. =an´chor-stock=, _n._, (nav.) jas d’ancre, _m._ =ancho´vy= (a-n-tshô-), _n._, anchois, _m._ =anchylo´sis= (-ki-lô-cisse), _n._, (med.) ankylose, _f._ =an´cient= (é’n’shi-è-nte), _n._, ancien, vieux; (milit.) drapeau; (nav.) pavillon, _m._ The — of days; _Dieu, le Tout-Puissant_, _m._ =an´cient=, _adj._, ancien, antique; (old) vieux. =an´ciently=, _adv._, anciennement. =an´cientness=, _n._, ancienneté, _f._ =an´cientry=, _n._, ancienneté (of a family), _f._ =and=, _conj._, et. Better — better; _de mieux en mieux_. Carriage — pair; _voiture à deux chevaux_, _f._ Carriage — four; _voiture à quatre chevaux_, _f._ =andan´te=, _n._, (mus.) andante, andanté, _m._ =An´dean= (-di-), _adj._, des Andes. =and´iron= (a-n-daï-eurn), _n._, chenet, _m._ =andro´gynal= (-drod’ji-) _ou_ =andro´gynous= (-drod’ji-neusse), _adj._, (bot.) androgyne; (zoöl.) hermaphrodite. =an´drogyne= (-drod’jaïne), _n._, androgyne, hermaphrodite, _m._ =an´ecdote= (-dôte), _n._, anecdote, _f._ =anecdot´ical= (-do-), _adj._, anecdotique. =anemom´eter= (-ni-mo-mi-teur), _n._, anémomètre, _m._ =anem´one= _ou_ =anem´ony= (-mô-ni), _n._, anémone, _f._ =anem´one-root=, _n._, patte, griffe d’anémone, _f._ =anem´oscope= (-né-mo-scôpe), _n._, anémoscope, _m._, girouette, _f._ =an-end´=, _adj._, (nav.) debout, guindé. =anent´=, _prep._, concernant, touchant, sur, au sujet =de=, à propos =de=. =a´net=, _n._, (bot.) fenouil puant, aneth, _m._ =an´eurism= (-iou-), _n._, anévrisme, _m._ =aneuris´mal=, _adj._, anévrismal. =anew´= (-niou), _adv._, de nouveau. =anfractuos´ity= (-tiou-), _n._, (ant.) anfractuosité, _f._ =anfrac´tuous= (-tiou-eusse), _adj._, anfractueux. =an´gel= (é-n-d’jèle), _n._, ange, _m._ —-winged; _aux ailes d’ange_. =an´gel-fish=, _n._, angelot, ange de mer, _m._ =angel´ic= _ou_ =angel´ical=, _adj._, angélique. =angel´ica=, _n._, angélique, _f._ =angel´ically=, _adv._, angéliquement. =angel´icalness=, _n._, nature angélique, _f._ =an´gelot= (a-n-d’jèlote), _n._, angelot, _m._ =an´gel-shot=, _n._, (nav.) boulet ramé, ange, _m._ =an´gelus=, _n._, angélus, _m._ =an´gel-water= (-wō-teur), _n._, eau de Portugal, _f._ =an´gel-worship= (-weur-), _n._, culte des anges, _m._ =an´ger= (aign’gheur), _n._, colère, _f._; courroux, _m._ To provoke any one to —; _exciter la colère de quelqu’un_. =an´ger=, _v.a._, fâcher, irriter, provoquer, mettre en colère. =angi´na= (a-nd’jaïna), _n._, (med.) angine, _f._ =angiog´raphy= (a-nd’jio-), _n._, (anat.) angiographie, _f._ =angiol´ogy=, _n._, angiologie, _f._ =angiosperm´ous= (a-nd’jïo-speurmeusse), _adj._, (bot.) angiosperme. =an´gle= (aign-g’l), _n._, angle; coin, _m._ =an´gle=, _v.n._, pêcher à la ligne. To — after; (fig.) _essayer de savoir_. =an´gled= (aign-gl’de), _adj._, à angles. Acute —; _acutangle_. Eight-—; _octogone_. Five-—; _pentagone_. Four-—; _quadrangulaire_. Many-—; _polygone_. Nine-—; _ennéagone_. Obtuse-—; _obtusangle_. Right-—; _rectangle_, _rectangulaire_. Seven-—; _heptagone_. Six-—; _hexagone_. Ten-—; _décagone_. Twelve-—; _dodécagone_. =an´gler=, _n._, pêcheur à la ligne, _m._; (ich.) baudroie, _f._ =An´glican=, _adj._, anglican. =An´glican=, _n._, anglican, _m._, anglicane, _f._ =An´glicism=, _n._, anglicisme, _m._ =An´glicize= (-çaïze), _v.a._, rendre anglais, angliciser. =an´gling=, _n._, pêche à la ligne, _f._ =Angloma´nia=, _n._, anglomanie, _f._ =An´glo-Sax´on=, _adj._, anglo-saxon. =An´glo-Sax´on=, _n._, Anglo-saxon; (lang.) anglo-saxon, _m._ =an´grily=, _adv._, avec colère. =an´gry=, _adj._, fâché, en colère, irrité, furieux, courroucé. To be — with any one; _être en colère_ =contre= _quelqu’un_; _en vouloir_ =à=. To get —; _se fâcher_; _se mettre en colère_. To make —; _mettre en colère_. An — word; _un mot plus haut que l’autre_; _une parole vive_. =an´guish= (-gouishe), _n._, angoisse, _f._ =an´guish=, _v.a._, navrer de douleur. =an´guished=, _adj._, navré (_de douleur_). =an´gular= (-ghiou-leur), _adj._, angulaire. =an´gularity=, _n._, forme angulaire, angularité, _f._ =an´gularly=, _adv._, angulairement. =an´gulated= (-ghiou-lé-tède), _adj._, (ant.) angulé. =an´gulous= (-ghiou-leusse), _adj._, (ant.) anguleux. =anight´= (-naïte) _ou_ =anights= (-naïtse), (ant.) _adv._, de nuit, la nuit. =an´il=, _n._, (bot.) anil, _m._ =an´ile= (-naïle), _adj._, de vieille femme. =an´ileness= (-naïl-) _ou_ =anil´ity= (-ni-li-), _n._, radotage, _m._ =animadver´sion= (-veur-), _n._, animadversion, _f._, blâme, _m._ =animadvert´= (-veurte), _v.n._, s’attaquer =à=; critiquer, censurer, blâmer. =animadvert´er= (-veur-), _n._, censeur, frondeur, _m._ =an´imal=, _n._ and _adj._, animal, _m._ =animal´cular= (-kiou-leur) _ou_ =animal´culine= (-kiouline), _adj._, animalculaire. =animal´cule= (-kioule), _n._, (_animalcula_) animalcule, _m._ =an´imalish=, _adj._, d’animal. =animal´ity=, _n._, animalité, _f._ =animaliza´tion= (-li-zé-), _n._, animalisation, _f._ =an´imalize= (-laïze), _v.a._, animaliser. _v.n._, s’animaliser. =an´imate= (-méte), _v.a._, animer; ranimer, purifier. To — with; _animer_ =de=. =an´imate=, _adj._, animé. =an´imated=, _adj._, animé, vif. =an´imating=, _adj._, qui anime, qui ranime. =an´imatingly=, _adv._, vivement. =anima´tion=, _n._, animation, vivacité, chaleur, vie, _f._; feu, _m._ Suspended —; _asphyxie_, _léthargie_, _f._ =an´imative=, _adj._, animateur. =an´imator= (-méteur), _n._, personne qui anime, chose qui anime, _f._ =animet´ta=, _n._, (c.rel.) voile du calice, _m._ =animos´ity=, _n._, animosité, _f._; acharnement, _m._ =an´imus=, _n._, animosité, _f._; but, _m._, intention, _f._; esprit, esprit =de=, _m._; hostilité, _f._ =an´ise= (-nice), _n._, anis, _m._ =an´ise-seed= (-nis-sîde), _n._, (bot.) graine d’anis, _f._; anis, _m._ =an´ise-seed-tree= (-trî), _n._, badiane, _f._ =an´kle= (aign-k’l), _n._, cheville du pied, _f._ — deep; _jusqu’aux chevilles_. =an´kle-bone= (-bône), _n._, astragale, _m._ =an´kled= (aign-k’lde), _adj._, pourvu de chevilles. =an´kle-joint= (-djoï’n’te), _n._, cou-de-pied, _m._ =an´nalist=, _n._, annaliste, _m._ =an´nals=, _n.pl._, annales, _f.pl._, fastes, _m.pl._, histoire, _f._ =an´nats=, _n.pl._, annate, _f._ =anneal´= (-nîle), _v.a._, recuire, tempérer. =anneal´ing=, _n._, recuite, _f._ =annel´ides= (-nè-li-dize), _n.pl._, annélides, _m.pl._ =annex´=, _v.a._, annexer =à=, joindre =à=, attacher =à=. =annex´=, _v.n._, se joindre =à=, s’attacher =à=. =an´nex=, _n._, annexe, _f._ =annexa´tion= (-nèk-sé-), _n._, annexion, annexation, jonction, _f._ =annexed´= (-nèkste), _adj._, ci-joint; annexé. =anni´hilable= (an-naï-hi-la’-b’l), _adj._, qui peut être anéanti, qui peut être annihilé. =anni´hilate= (-naï-hi-léte), _v.a._, anéantir, détruire, annihiler, mettre à néant. =anni´hilating=, _n._, =annihila´tion=, anéantissement, _m._; annihilation, _f._ =anniver´sarily= (-veur-), _adv._, annuellement, tous les ans. =anniver´sary= (-veur-), _n._, anniversaire, _m._ =anniver´sary=, _adj._, anniversaire. =An´no Dom´ini=, _latin ex._, l’an du Seigneur, l’an de grâce. =annomina´tion= (-mi-né-), _n._, allitération, _f._ =an´notate= (-no-téte), _v.a._, annoter. =annota´tion=, _n._, annotation, _f._ =annota´tionist=, _n._, (l.u.) annotateur. =an´notator= (-no-té-teur), _n._, annotateur, _m._ =announce´= (-naou-nse), _v.a._, annoncer, proclamer. =announce´ment=, _n._, annonce, nouvelle, _f._, avis, _m._ =announ´cer=, _n._, personne qui annonce une nouvelle, _f._, messager, -ère, _m.f._ =annoy´= (a-n-no-ye), _v.a._, incommoder, ennuyer, molester, contrarier, agacer; être désagréable =à=. =annoy´ance=, _n._, tracasserie, contrariété, _f._; ennui, tourment, désagrément, déplaisir, _m._ =annoy´er=, _n._, taquin, _m._, taquine, _f._, tourment, _m._ =annoy´ing=, _adj._, ennuyant, contrariant, vexant, agaçant, désagréable. — person; _être fatigant_, _m._ =an´nual= (-niou-), _adj._, annuel. =an´nual=, _n._, annuaire, _m._; (bot.) plante annuelle, _f._ =an´nually=, _adv._, annuellement, tous les ans. =annu´itant= (-niou-i-), _n._, rentier; détenteur d’annuité, rentier viager, _m._ =annu´ity= (-niou-i-), _n._, rente annuelle, pension, _f._ Life —; _rente viagère_. Contingent —; _rente viagère_. Consolidated annuities; _rentes consolidées_, _f.pl._ Perpetual —; _rente perpétuelle_. Long —; _annuité à long terme_, _f._ Reduced —; _rente réduite_. Terminable —; _annuité rachetable_ ou _remboursable_ (_à date fixe_). Government —; _rente sur l’Etat_, _f._ Writ of —; _bref d’annuité_, _m._ To buy up an —; _amortir une rente_. To redeem an —; _racheter une rente_. To settle an — on; _constituer une rente_ =à=. =annul´= (an-neul), _v.a._, annuler. =an´nular= (-niou-leur) _ou_ =an´nulary= (-niou-), _adj._, annulaire. =an´nulate= (an-niou-léte), _adj._, annelé. =an´nulated= (an-niou-lé-tède), _adj._, annelé. =an´nulet= (an-niou-lète), _n._, annelet, _m._; (arch.) armilles, _f.pl._ =annul´ment= (an-neul-), _n._, annulation, _f._ =an´num= (an-neume), _n._, an, _m._ Per —; _par an_. =annuncia´tion= (an-neu-n-ci-é-), _n._, annonce, promulgation, _f._; avis, _m._; Annonciation, _f._ =an´odyne= (-no-daïne), _adj._, anodin. =an´odyne=, _n._, remède anodin; calmant, _m._ =anoint´= (-noï-n’te), _v.a._, oindre. =anoint´ed=, _adj._, oint. =anoint´ed=, _n._, oint, _m._ The Lord’s —; _l’oint du Seigneur_. =anoint´er=, _n._, personne qui oint, qui sacre, _f._ =anoint´ing=, _n._, =anoint´ment=, onction, _f._ =anomalist´ic= _ou_ =anomalist´ical=, _adj._, (astron.) anomalistique; hétéroclite. =anom´alous= (-leusse), _adj._, anomal, irrégulier, hétéroclite. =anom´alously=, _adv._, irrégulièrement. =anom´aly=, _n._, irrégularité, anomalie, _f._ =ano´mia=, _n._, (conch.) anomie, _f._ =anon´= (-none), _adv._, tout à l’heure; tantôt; à l’instant, aussitôt. Ever and —; _de temps en temps_, _de temps à autre_, _à tout moment_, _à tout bout de champ_. =anon´ymous= (-meusse), _adj._, anonyme. =anon´ymously=, _adv._, anonymement; sous l’anonyme. =an´orexy=, _n._, (med.) anorexie, _f._ =anorm´al=, _adj._, anormal. =anoth´er= (a-n’eutheur), _adj._, un autre, encore un. One —; _l’un l’autre_; _les uns les autres_. One with —; _l’un dans l’autre_, _l’un portant l’autre_. One after —; _l’un après l’autre_. That is — thing; _c’est autre chose_, _c’est différent_. That is quite — thing; _c’est une autre paire de manches_. =an´sated= (-sé-tède), _adj._, (ant.) à anses, ansé. =an´serine= (-seuraïne), _adj._, d’oie. =an´swer= (-seur), _v.a._, répondre; répondre =à=; satisfaire, suffire =à=; remplir; résoudre; (a door) ouvrir. This —s my purpose; _cela remplit mon but_. To — several purposes; _servir à plusieurs fins_. =an´swer=, _v.n._, répondre =de= _ou_ =pour=; (b.s.) raisonner, faire le raisonneur; réussir. That did not —; _cela n’a pas réussi_. =an´swer=, _n._, réponse, _f._; (b.s.) raisonnement, _m._, réplique, _f._ In — to your letter; _en réponse à votre lettre_. Awaiting an —; _en attendant le plaisir de vous lire_. No —s! _point de raisonnements!_ =an´swerable=, _adj._, susceptible de réponse; conforme =à=; responsable =de=. =an´swerableness=, _n._, convenance; conformité, _f._, rapport, _m._ =an´swerably=, _adv._, convenablement. =an´swerer=, _n._, personne qui répond, _f._; répondant, _m._ =an´swering=, _adj._, qui répond =à=; correspondant =à=. =ant= (an-n’te), _n._, fourmi, _f._ =ant´-eater= (-îteur), _n._, (mam.) fourmilier, _m._ =ant´-hill=, _n._, fourmilière, _f._ =ant´-lion=, _n._, fourmi-lion. =antag´onism= (-go-niz’me), _n._, contestation, lutte, opposition, _f._, antagonisme, _m._ =antag´onist=, _n._, antagoniste, _m._ =antag´onist=, _adj._, (anat.) antagoniste. =antarc´tic= (-târk-), _adj._, antarctique. =an´te-act= (-ti-), _n._, acte antérieur, _m._ =anteced´ence= (-ti-ci-), _n._ antécédence, antériorité, _f._ =anteced´ent=, _adj._, antécédent, antérieur. =anteced´ent=, _n._, antécédent, _m._ =anteced´ently=, _adv._, antécédemment, antérieurement. =an´te-chamber= (-ti-tshé’m’beur), _n._, antichambre, _f._ =an´te-chapel= (-ti-tshap’l), _n._, avant-corps de chapelle, _m._ =an´te-court=, _n._, avant-cour, _f._ =antecur´sor= (-ti-keur-seur), _n._, (antiq.) éclaireur; avant-coureur, _m._ =an´tedate= (-ti-déte), _n._, antidate, _f._ =an´tedate=, _v.a._, antidater; anticiper. =antedilu´vial= _ou_ =antedilu´vian= (-ti-di-liou-), _adj._ and _n._, antédiluvien. =an´telope= (-ti-lô-), _n._, antilope, _f._ =antemerid´ian= (-ti-mé-), _adj._, avant midi. =antemun´dane= (-ti-meu-n’déne), _adj._, antérieur à la création. =anten´na= (-tèn-na), _n._, (_antennæ_) antenne, _f._ =an´tenumber= (-ti-neu-m’beur), _n._, nombre antécédent, _m._ =antenup´tial= (-ti-neup-shial), _adj._, d’avant le mariage. =antepas´chal= (-ti-pâs-kal), _adj._, d’avant Pâques. =antepenult´= (-ti-pi-neulte) _ou_ =antepenult´ima= (-ti-pi-neul-), _n._, antépénultième, _f._ =antepenult´imate= (-méte), _n._ and _adj._, antépénultième, _f._ =ante-posi´tion= (a’n-ti-), _n._, (gram.) inversion, _f._ =ante´rior= (-ti-rieur), _adj._, antérieur. =anterior´ity=, _n._, antériorité, _f._ =an´te-room= (-ti-roume), _n._, antichambre, _f._; vestibule, _m._ =an´te-saloon= (-ti-sa-loune), _n._, antichambre de salon, _f._ =an´them= (-thème), _n._, antienne, hymne, _f._; chant, _m._ =an´ther= (-theur), _n._, (bot.) anthère, _f._ =antholog´ical= (-tho-lod’ji-), _adj._, d’anthologie. =anthol´ogy= (-tho-lod’ji), _n._, anthologie, chrestomathie, _f._ =An´thony’s fire= (-thôniz’ faïeur), _n._, (med.) feu Saint Antoine (l.u.), érésipèle, _m._ =an´thracite= (-thra-), _n._, (min.) anthracite, _m._ =an´thrax= (-thrakse), _n._, (med.) anthrax, charbon, _m._ =anthropolog´ical= (-thro-po-lod’ji-), _adj._, anthropologique. =anthropol´ogist=, _n._, anthropologiste, _m._ =anthropol´ogy=, _n._, anthropologie, _f._ =anthropomor´phism= (-thrô-pô-), _n._, anthropomorphisme, _m._ =anthropomor´phous= (-feusse), _adj._, anthropomorphe. =anthropoph´agous= (-gheusse), _adj._, anthropophage. =anthropoph´agus= (-gheusse), _n._, (_anthropophagi_) anthropophage, _m.f._ =anthropoph´agy=, _n._, anthropophagie, _f._ =an´tic=, _n._, bouffon, _m._; bouffonnerie, _f._; mouvement grotesque, _m._; farce, cabriole, _f._ =an´tic=, _adj._, grotesque, étrange, drôle. =an´tichrist=, _n._, antéchrist, _m._ =antichris´tian=, _adj._ and _n._, antichrétien. =antichristian´ity=, _n._, antichristianisme, _m._ =antic´ipate= (-péte), _v.a._, anticiper, prévenir; s’attendre =à=; devancer; se proposer =de=, jouir d’avance =de=; compter =sur=; se promettre. =antic´ipated=, _adj._, prématuré, anticipé. =anticipa´tion=, _n._, anticipation, attente, espérance, _f._; avant-goût, _m._ By —; _d’avance_, _par anticipation_. =antic´ipatory=, _adj._, par anticipation. =anti-cli´max= (-claï-), _n._, (rhet.) gradation renversée, _f._ =anti-constitu´tional= (-sti-tiou-), _adj._, anticonstitutionnel. =anti-convuls´ive= (-veul-), _adj._, anticonvulsif. =anti-corro´sive=, _n._ and _adj._, anticorrosif. =anti-democrat´ic= _ou_ =anti-democrat´ical= (-mô-), _adj._, contraire à la démocratie. =an´tidotal= (-dô-), _adj._, qui sert d’antidote. =an´tidote= (-dôte), _n._, antidote, contre-poison, _m._ =an´tidote=, _v.a._, (ant.) fournir des antidotes. =antidot´ically=, _adv._, comme antidote. =anti-epis´copal=, _adj._, opposé à l’épiscopat, contre l’épiscopat. =anti-evangel´ical= (-i-va-n’d’jè-), _adj._, antiévangélique. =anti-feb´rile=, _adj._, antifébrile, fébrifuge. =anti-feb´rile=, _n._, fébrifuge, _m._ =antil´ogy= (-lod’ji), _n._, (ant.) antilogie, _f._ =antimacas´sar=, _n._, têtière, _f._; dessus de fauteuil, _m._ =anti-ministe´rial= (-nis-tî-), _adj._, opposé au ministère. =anti-ministe´rialist=, _n._, antiministériel, _m._ =anti-monarch´ic= _ou_ =anti-monarch´ical= (-kik, -kikal), _adj._, antimonarchique. =antimo´nial= (-mô-), _adj._, antimonial. — wine; _vin émétique_, _m._ =an´timony=, _n._, antimoine, _m._ =antin´omy=, _n._, antinomie, _f._ =anti-pa´pal= (-pé-), _adj._, opposé au papisme. =anti-pathet´ic= _ou_ =anti-pathet´ical= (-thè-), _adj._, antipathique. =anti-pathet´ically=, _adv._, par antipathie. =antip´athy= (-thi), _n._, antipathie, _f._ =anti-patriot´ic= (-pé-), _adj._, anti-patriotique. =anti-pestilen´tial=, _adj._, antipestilentiel. =anti-philosoph´ical=, _adj._, antiphilosophique. =antiph´ony= (-fo-), _n._, contre-chant, _m._ =antiph´rasis= (-cisse), _n._, antiphrase, _f._ =antip´odal= (-po-), _adj._, des antipodes. =an´tipode= (-pôde), _n._, antipode, _m._ =an´ti-pope= (-pôpe), _n._, antipape, _m._ =antiqua´rian= (-kwé-), _adj._, d’antiquaire, antique. =antiqua´rian= (-kwé-) _ou_ =an´tiquary= (-kwa-), _n._, antiquaire, _m._ =an´tiquate= (-kwéte), _v.a._, faire tomber en désuétude; (jur.) abroger. =an´tiquated=, _adj._, vieilli, antique; suranné; (out of fashion) démodé. =antique´=, _n._, antique, _m._; antiquité; (print.) normande, _f._ =antique´=, _adj._, ancien, antique. =antique´ness=, _n._, ancienneté, antiquité, _f._ =antiq´uity= (-kwi-), _n._, antiquité, _f._ =anti-revolu´tionary= (-vo-liou-), _adj._, antirévolutionnaire. =anti-revolu´tionist=, _n._, antirévolutionnaire, _m._ =anti-rheumat´ic=, _adj._, anti-rhumatismal. =antiscorbu´tic= _ou_ =antiscorbu´tical= (-biou-), _adj._, antiscorbutique. =antiscorbu´tic=, _n._, (med.) antiscorbutique, _m._ =antisep´tic=, _adj._, (med.) antiseptique. =antisep´tic=, _n._, antiseptique, _m._ =anti-so´cial= (-sô-shial), _adj._, antisocial. =antispasmod´ic=, _adj._, antispasmodique. =antispasmod´ic=, _n._, antispasmodique, _m._ =antis´trophe= (-fi), _n._, antistrophe, _f._ =antisyphilit´ic=, _adj._, antisyphilitique. =antith´esis= (-thè-cisse), _n._, antithèse, _f._ =antithet´ic= _ou_ =antithet´ical= (-thè-), _adj._, antithétique. =an´titype= (-taïpe), _n._, antitype, _m._ =anti-vene´real= (-vè-ni-ri-), _adj._, antivénérien. =ant´ler=, _n._, andouiller, _m._ =ant´lered= (-leurde), _adj._, à andouillers. =antonoma´sia= (-mé-jia), _n._, (rhet.) antonomase, _f._ =an´tonym=, _n._, (gram.) antonyme, contraire, _m._ =anton´ymous=, _adj._, antonyme. =anton´ymy=, _n._, antonymie, _f._ =an´tre= (-teur), _n._, (ant.) antre, _m._; caverne, _f._ =a´nus= (é-neusse), _n._, (anat.) anus, _m._ =an´vil=, _n._, enclume, _f._; (fig.) métier, _m._ Upon the —; _sur le métier_, _en préparation_. =an´vil-block=, _n._, billot d’enclume, _m._ =anxi´ety= (aign’-zaï-èti), _n._, anxiété, inquiétude, sollicitude, _f._; empressement, _m._ =anx´ious= (aignk-shi-eusse), _adj._, inquiet; désireux, curieux. To be — to; _désirer vivement_ =de=, _tenir_ =à=. =anx´iously=, _adv._, avec inquiétude; avec sollicitude, avec impatience, avec anxiété. =anx´iousness=, _n._, anxiété; inquiétude, sollicitude, _f._; empressement, vif désir, _m._ =a´ny= (è-ni), _adj._, quelque; tout; du, de la, de l’, des; de; en, quelqu’un, aucun, n’importe lequel, le premier venu, qui que ce soit, (aff.) quelque part, (neg.) nulle-part. In — wise; _de quelque manière que ce soit_. — thing; _quoi que ce soit_. — one; _qui que ce soit_, _quelqu’un_. — man; _tout homme_. Have you — wine? _avez-vous du vin?_ Have you —? _en avez-vous?_ I do not know — of your judges; _je ne connais aucun de vos juges_. Scarcely —; _presque pas_. — further; _plus loin_. — where; _dans quelque endroit que ce soit, n’importe où_. — better; _mieux_. — more; _plus_, _encore_, _davantage_. I doubt that — of them; _je doute qu’aucun d’entre eux_ (subj.). —body can do it; _tout homme peut le faire_ ou _n’importe qui peut le faire_. — of them; _aucun d’eux_ (neg.); _quelqu’un d’entr’eux_ (aff.). =a´nyhow= (-haou), _adv._, n’importe comment, de quelque manière que ce soit, de toute façon. =a´orist= (ê-oriste), _n._, (gram.) aoriste, _m._ =aor´ta= (é-or-), _n._, (anat.) aorte, _f._ =aor´tal= _ou_ =aor´tic=, _adj._, aortique. =apace´= (-péce), _adv._, vite; à grands pas. =apart´= (-pârte), _adv._, à part, de côté, en dehors. =apart´ment= (-pârt’), _n._, chambre; pièce (d’un appartement), _f._; logement, _m._ A suite of —s; _un appartement_, _m._ =apathet´ic= (-thè-), _adj._, apathique. =ap´athy= (-thi), _n._, apathie, _f._ =ape= (épe), _n._, singe, _m._ =ape=, _v.a._, singer. =apeak´= (-pîke), _adv._, (nav.) à pic, en pantenne. =ap´ennine= (-pèn-naïne), _adj._, des Apennins. =ape´rient= (-pi-), _n._ and _adj._, laxatif, _m._ =aper´itive= (-pè-), _adj._, laxatif. =ap´erture= (-peur-tioure), _n._, ouverture, _f._; orifice, _m._ =a´pery=, _n._, singerie, _f._ =apet´alous= (-pè-ta-leusse), _adj._, (bot.) apétale. =a´pex= (é-peks), _n._, (_apices_, _apexes_) sommet; cimier (of a helmet), _m._ =aphæ´resis= _ou_ =aphe´resis= (-fi-ri-cisse), _n._, (gram.) aphérèse, _f._ =aphe´lion= (-fî-), _n._, aphélie, _m._ =apho´nia= _ou_ =aph´ony= (-fô-), _n._, aphonie, _f._ =aph´orism=, _n._, aphorisme, _m._ =aphoris´tic= _ou_ =aphoris´tical=, _adj._, aphoristique. =aphoris´tically=, _adv._, par aphorisme. =aphrodis´iac= _ou_ =aphrodis´iacal=, _adj._, aphrodisiaque. =aphrodis´iac=, _n._, aphrodisiaque, _m._ =aphrodi´ta= _ou_ =aphrodi´te= (-daï-ta, -daï-tî), _n._, magnésite, (pop.) écume de mer, _f._ =aph´yllous= (-fil-leusse), _adj._, aphylle. =a´piary= (é-pi-), _n._, rucher, _m._ =apiece´= (-pîce), _adv._, la pièce; chacun, (pers.) par tête, par personne. =a´pish= (é-), _adj._, badin, bouffon; de singe. — trick; _singerie_, _f._ =a´pishly=, _adv._, en singe, en badin. =a´pishness=, _n._, bouffonnerie, singerie, sottise, _f._ =apit´pat=, _adv._ _V._ =pitapat=. =apoc´alypse=, _n._, apocalypse, _f._ =apocalyp´tic= _ou_ =apocalyp´tical=, _adj._, apocalyptique. =apocalyp´tically=, _adv._, d’une manière apocalyptique. =apoc´ope= (-pi), _n._, (gram.) apocope, _f._ =apoc´rypha=, _n._, les apocryphes, les livres apocryphes, _m.pl._ =apoc´ryphal=, _adj._, apocryphe. =apoc´ynum= (-neume), _n._, (bot.) apocyn, _m._ =ap´odal=, _adj._, (ich.) apode. =ap´ode= (-pôde), _n._ (_apodes_, _apoda_), (zoöl.) apode, _m._ =ap´ogee= (-pod’ji), _n._, apogée, _m._ =apologet´ic= _ou_ =apologet´ical= (-lod’jè-), _adj._, apologétique. =apologet´ically=, _adv._, en forme d’apologie. =apol´ogist= (-lod’jiste), _n._, apologiste, _m._ =apol´ogize= (-lod’jaïze), _v.n._, faire une apologie; s’excuser =auprès de=, faire des excuses =à=, demander pardon. To — for any one; _faire des excuses pour quelqu’un_; _excuser une personne auprès d’une autre_. =ap´ologue=, _n._, apologue, _m._ =apol´ogy= (-lod’ji), _n._, apologie; excuse, _f._ To make an — for; _faire des excuses_, _s’excuser_ =de=. =aponeuro´sis= (-niou-rô-cisse), _n._, (anat.) aponévrose, _f._ =ap´ophthegm= (-po-thème), _n._ _V._ =apothegm=. =apoplec´tic= _ou_ =apoplec´tical= (-pô-plek-), _adj._, apoplectique. =ap´oplexy= (-pô-), _n._, apoplexie, _f._ To fall down in a fit of —; _tomber en apoplexie_. To be seized with —; _être frappé d’apoplexie_. =aport´= (a-porte), _adv._, (nav.) à babord. =apos´tasy= (-ci), _n._, apostasie, _f._ =apos´tate= (-téte), _n._, apostat, _m._ =apos´tate=, _adj._, apostat, d’apostat. =apostat´ical=, _adj._, apostat. =apos´tatize= (-taïze), _v.n._, apostasier, renier, abjurer. =ap´ostema= _ou_ =ap´osteme= (-sti-ma, -stîme), _n._, abcès, ☉apostème, ☉apostume, _m._ =apostema´tion= (-ti-mé-), _n._, (med.) formation d’un ☉apostème, d’un abcès, _f._ =apostem´atous= (-tèm-ateusse), _adj._, d’apostème, de la nature de ☉l’apostème, de l’abcès. =a posterio´ri= (-pôs-ti-riô-), _adv._, à posteriori. =apos´tle= (a-pos-s’l), _n._, apôtre, _m._ The acts of the —s; _les actes des apôtres_, _m.pl._ =apos´tleship=, _n._, apostolat, _m._ =apostol´ic= _ou_ =apostol´ical=, _adj._, apostolique. — creed; _symbole des apôtres_, _m._ =apostol´ically=, _adv._, apostoliquement. =apostol´icalness=, _n._, caractère apostolique, _m._ =apos´trophe= (-fi), _n._, apostrophe, _f._ =apos´trophize= (-faïze), _v.a._, apostropher; mettre une apostrophe. =apoth´ecary= (-po-thi-), _n._, (ant.) apothicaire; médecin, _m._ =ap´othegm= _ou_ =ap´othem= (-thème), _n._, apophtegme, _m._ =apothegmat´ical=, _adj._, en forme d’apophtegme. =apotheg´matize= (-thèg-ma-taïze), _v.n._, parler par apophtegmes. =apothe´osis= (-thî-o-cisse), _n._, apothéose, _f._ =ap´ozem= (-zème), _n._, apozème, _m._ =apozem´ical=, _adj._, d’apozème. =appall´=, _v.a._, épouvanter, terrifier, consterner. =appal´ling=, _adj._, effrayant, épouvantable, terrifiant. =appall´ment=, _n._, (ant.) frayeur, épouvante, terreur, _f._ =ap´panage= (-nèd’je), _n._, apanage, _m._ =appara´tus= (-ré-teusse), _n._, appareil, attirail, _m._ =appar´el=, _v.a._, vêtir, parer; (nav.) équiper. =appar´el=, _n._, habit, vêtement; habillement, appareil; (nav.) équipement, _m._ Wearing —; _habits_, _m.pl._, _hardes_, _f.pl._ =appa´rent= (-pé-), _adj._, apparent, évident, clair, manifeste. Heir —; _héritier présomptif_, _m._ =appa´rently=, _adv._, évidemment, en apparence, apparemment. =appari´tion=, _n._, apparition, _f._ =appar´itor= (-teur), _n._, appariteur, _m._ =appeach´=, _v.a._, (ant.) _V._ =impeach=. =appeal´= (-pîle), _v.a._, porter à un tribunal supérieur. =appeal´=, _v.n._, (jur.) appeler, en appeler =à=; (fig.) s’adresser =à=; supplier; (jur.) se pourvoir en cassation, (for a reprieve) se pourvoir en grâce. =appeal´=, _n._, appel, _m._ Court of —; _cour d’appel_, _cour de cassation_, _f._ To lodge an —; _interjeter appel_. Without —; _en dernier ressort_. =appeal´able=, _adj._, sujet à appel. =appeal´ant=, _n._, (ant.) (jur.) appelant, _m._ =appear´= (ap-pîre), _v.n._, paraître; apparaître =à=; se montrer =à=, comparaître =devant=, se présenter =à=. It would —; _il paraîtrait_. To — against any one; (jur.) _se présenter contre quelqu’un_; _se porter partie contre quelqu’un_. To — for; _représenter_, _répondre_ =pour=. To make —; _faire paraître_, _prouver_, _démontrer_. =appear´ance=, _n._, apparition, apparence, figure, _f._; air, aspect, extérieur, _m._; (persp.) perspective; (jur.) comparution, _f._ At first —; _au premier abord_, _au premier coup d’œil_. To save —s; _sauver les apparences_. For the sake of —; _pour sauver les apparences_. There is every —; _il y a toute apparence_. To all —s; _selon toute apparence_. To judge by —s; _à en juger d’après les apparences_; _juger sur la mine_. To make one’s —; _faire son apparition_; _faire son entrée_, _arriver_, _venir_; (jur.) _comparaître_. To make one’s first —; (thea.) _faire son début_, _débuter_. To make one’s last —; _paraître pour la dernière fois_. To put in an —; _faire acte de présence_; (jur.) _faire acte de comparution_. =appear´er=, _n._, (jur.) comparant. =appeas´able= (ap-pîzab’l), _adj._, apaisable, qu’on peut apaiser. =appease´= (ap-pîze), _v.a._, apaiser, calmer; pacifier. =appease´ment=, _n._, apaisement, _m._ =appeas´er=, _n._, pacificateur, _m._ =appeas´ing=, _adj._, qui apaise. =appel´lant= (ap-pèl-la’nte), _n._, (jur.) appelant; (dueling) provocateur, _m._ =appel´lant=, _adj._, appelant; en appel. =appel´late= (ap-pèl-léte), _adj._, d’appel. =appel´late=, _n._, (ant.) intimé; accusé, _m._ =appella´tion= (ap-pèl-lé-) _n._, nom, _m._; qualification, appellation, dénomination, _f._ =appel´lative=, _adj._, appellatif. =appel´latory=, _adj._, d’appel. =appellee´= (ap-pèl-li), _n._, (jur.) intimé, _m._, intimée, _f._ =appellor´= (ap-pèl-lor), _n._, (jur.) appelant, _m._, appelante, _f._ =append´= (ap-pè-n-d), _v.a._, apposer, annexer, attacher. =append´age= (ap-pé-n-dèd’je), _n._, accessoire, appendice, apanage, _m._ =append´ant=, _adj._, dépendant =de=, accessoire =à=, attaché =à=, annexé =à=. =appendic´ular=, _adj._, appendiculaire. =append´ix= (_appendices_, _appendixes_), _n._, appendice, _m._ =appercep´tion= (ap-peur-cèp-), _n._, (philos.) perception, _f._ =appertain´= (ap-peur-téne), _v.n._, appartenir =à=. =apper´tenance= (ap-peur-te-), _n._, appartenance, _f._ =ap´petence= (ap-pi-tè-n-se) _ou_ =ap´petency= (ap-pi-tè-n-ci), _n._, appétence, envie, _f._, désir, _m._ =ap´petent= (ap-pi-tè-n-te), _adj._, avide =de=. =appetibil´ity= (ap-pi-), _n._, (ant.) appétibilité, _f._ =ap´petible=, _adj._, (ant.) désirable, appétible. =ap´petite= (ap-pi-taïte), _n._, appétit; (fig.) penchant, _m._, soif, _f._ A good — to you; _bon appétit_. Ravenous —; _appétit de cheval_. To get an —; _gagner de l’appétit_. To have an —; _avoir de l’appétit_. To have a good —; _avoir bon appétit_. To give an —; _donner de l’appétit_. =ap´petize=, _v.a._, mettre en appétit. =ap´petizer= (ap-pi-taïzeur), _n._, apéritif, _m._ =ap´petizing=, _adj._, appétissant. =Ap´pian=, _adj._ The — Way; _la voie appienne_. =applaud´= (ap-plō-de), _v.a._, applaudir (quelqu’un), applaudir =à= (quelque chose). =applaud´er=, _n._, applaudisseur, _m._ =applause´=, _n._, applaudissement, _m._, applaudissements, _m.pl._ =ap´ple= (ap-p’l), _n._, pomme, _f._ Apple of the eye; _pupille_, _prunelle_, _f._ Crab-—; _pomme sauvage_. Pine-—; _ananas_, _m._ Oak-—; _noix de galle_, _f._ — of love, love-—; _pomme d’amour_, _tomate_, _f._ Fir-—; _pomme de pin_. Baking —; _pomme à cuire_. Adam’s —; _pomme d’Adam_, _f._; _citron_, _m._ =ap´ple-core=, _n._, trognon de pomme, _m._ =ap´ple-fritter=, _n._, beignet de pommes, _m._ =ap´ple-green=, _n._ _adj._, vert pomme, _m._ =ap´ple-grove= (-grôve), _n._, pommeraie, _f._ =ap´ple-harvest=, _n._, cueillette de pommes, _f._ =ap´ple-jelly=, _n._, gelée de pommes, _f._ =ap´ple-loft=, _n._, fruiterie, _f._ =ap´ple-peel= (-pîle), _n._, pelure de pomme, _f._ =ap´ple-puff= (-peuf), _n._, (cook.) chausson, beignet de pommes, _m._ =ap´ple-sauce= (-sō-ce), _n._, compote de pommes, _f._ =ap´ple-shaped=, _adj._, en forme de pomme. =ap´ple-tree= (-trî), _n._, pommier, _m._ =ap´ple-woman= (-wou-ma-ne), _n._, marchande de pommes, _f._ =appli´ance= (ap-pla’ya-n-ce), _n._, action, condition, _f._; moyen; remède, ustensile, instrument, appareil, _m._; machine, _f._; agencement, _m._ =applicabil´ity= (ap-pli-), _n._, applicabilité, _f._ =ap´plicable= (ap-pli-ca-b’l), _adj._, applicable =à=. =ap´plicableness=, _n._ _V._ =applicability=. =ap´plicably=, _adv._, de manière à pouvoir être appliqué. =ap´plicant=, _n._, postulant; candidat, pétitionnaire; (jur.) demandeur, _m._; postulante; (jur.) demanderesse, _f._ =ap´plicate= (ap-pli-kéte), _adj._, (math.) concret; nombré. =applica´tion= (ap-pli-ké-), _n._, application, _f._; usage, emploi, _m._; sollicitation, demande, _f._ To make — to; _s’adresser_ =à=, _faire une demande_ =à=. =applique´-lace=, _n._, application. =apply´= (ap-pla’ye), _v.a._, appliquer =à=; adresser =à=; porter; (arith.) diviser. To — the brake; _serrer le frein_. To — for =a= situation; _solliciter un poste_. =apply´=, _v.n._, s’appliquer =à=, s’adresser =à=, s’attacher =à=; se mettre =à=. — to; (imperative mood) _s’adresser_ =à= ou =chez=. =appoint´= (ap-poï-nte), _v.a._, nommer; établir; arrêter, désigner, fixer, indiquer; ordonner =à=, meubler, garnir, équiper. =appoint´=, _v.n._, arrêter, décréter. =appoint´=, _n._, (com.) appoint. =appoint´able=, _adj._, qui peut être nommé. =appoint´ed= (-tède), _part._, nommé, établi, arrêté, désigné, fixé, indiqué; fourni (of troops). =appointee´= (-tî), _n._, fonctionnaire nommé, _m._ =appoint´er= (-teur), _n._, nominateur, -trice. =appoint´ment=, _n._, rendez-vous; ordre, équipement; traitement, _m._, appointments, _m.pl._; décret, arrêt; établissement; emploi, _m._, charge; nomination, _f._ To make an — with any one; _donner un rendez-vous à quelqu’un_; _prendre rendez-vous_ =avec=. By —; (_fournisseur_) _breveté_. =appor´tion= (ap-pôr-), _v.a._, proportionner, partager, répartir, assigner. =appor´tioner= (-eur), _n._, répartiteur, _m._ =appor´tionment=, _n._, répartition, distribution, _f._, partage, _m._ =appose´=, _v.a._, apposer. =ap´posite=, _adj._, à propos; applicable =à=; convenable =à=, bien placé; approprié =à=. =ap´positely=, _adv._, convenablement, justement, à propos. =ap´positeness=, _n._, convenance; justesse, applicabilité, _f._, à-propos, _m._ =apposi´tion=, _n._, apposition, _f._ =apprais´able=, _adj._, évaluable. =appraise´= (ap-préze), _v.a._, priser, évaluer, estimer, expertiser. =appraise´ment=, _n._, prisée (at auctions); évaluation, estimation, expertise, _f._ =apprais´er= (-zeur), _n._, estimateur, commissaire-priseur, expert, _m._ =appre´ciable= (ap-prî-shiab’l), _adj._, appréciable. =appre´ciate= (ap-pri-shiéte), _v.n._, apprécier, estimer. =apprecia´tion= (ap-pri-shié-), _n._, appréciation, _f._ =appre´ciative=, _adj._, appréciatif. =apprehend´= (ap-pri-hè-nde), _v.a._, prendre, saisir, arrêter, appréhender au corps; embrasser; comprendre; présumer; croire. =apprehend´er=, _n._, personne qui arrête, _f._ =apprehen´sible=, _adj._, appréhensible; concevable. =apprehen´sion= (ap-pri-hè-n-), _n._, appréhension; conception; arrestation, prise de corps; crainte, inquiétude, _f._ To be dull of —; _avoir l’esprit lourd_. =apprehen´sive=, _adj._, intelligent, prompt à saisir; appréhensif, inquiet, alarmé. To be — of; _appréhender_. =apprehen´sively=, _adv._, avec intelligence; avec crainte. =apprehen´siveness=, _n._, appréhension; crainte; intelligence, _f._ =appren´tice= (ap-prè-n-), _n._, apprenti; (of lawyers) clerc; (of medical men) élève; (nav.) novice, _m._ To place as — to; _mettre en apprentissage_ =chez=. =appren´tice=, _v.a._, mettre en apprentissage. =appren´ticeship=, _n._, apprentissage, _m._ =apprise´= (ap-praïze), _v.a._, apprendre, informer, instruire, donner avis =à=; prévenir. =approach´= (ap-prôt-she), _n._, approche, _f._; abord, accès; pas; rapprochement, _m._; (math.) approximation, _f._ On his —, on her —; _à son approche_. An — towards; _un pas_ =vers=; _un rapprochement_ =vers=. To be easy of —; _être d’un accès_, ou _d’un abord_, _facile_. To make —es; _faire des avances_ =à=. =approach´=, _v.a._, approcher =de=, s’approcher =de= aborder. =approach´=, _v.n._, approcher, s’approcher. =approach´able=, _adj._, abordable, accessible. =approach´ing=, _adj._, dont on s’approche; approchant; prochain. =approach´ing=, _n._, (hort.) greffe par approche, _f._ =approach´ment=, _n._, (ant.) approche, _f._ =approba´tion= (ap-prô-bé-), _n._, approbation, _f._ On —; _à condition_. =ap´probatory=, _adj._, approbateur. =appro´priate= (ap-prô-pri-éte), _adj._, approprié =à=, propre=à=, convenable =à=; affecté =à=; à propos; juste. =appro´priate=, _v.a._, approprier =à=; s´approprier; destiner =à=, réserver =à=, affecter =à=. =appro´priately=, _adv._, à juste titre; proprement; convenablement; à l’avenant =de=. =appro´priateness=, _n._, convenance, _f._, à-propos, _m._; justesse, _f._ =appropria´tion= (ap-prô-prié-), _n._, application, destination; appropriation; (jur.) propriété, _f._; emploi, _m._ =appro´priator= (ap-prô-pri-é-teur), _n._, bénéficier, _m._; qui approprie. =appro´vable= (ap-prou-vab’l), _adj._, digne d’approbation; estimable, approuvable. =appro´val=, _n._, approbation, _f._ On —; _à condition_. =approve´= (ap-prouve), _v.a._, approuver, confirmer, recommander. To — of; _approuver_; _être content_ =de=. To — one’s self; _se montrer_. =approved´= (ap-prouv’de), _adj._, approuve, recommandé, confirmé. =appro´ver= (ap-prou-veur), _n._, approbateur, _m._, approbatrice, _f._; (jur.) (ant.) révélateur de complices, _m._ =appro´ving= (ap-prou-vigne), _adj._, approbateur, approbatif. =appro´vingly=, _adv._, avec approbation. =approx´imate= (ap-prok-si-méte), _v.a._, rapprocher =de=. =approx´imate=, _v.n._, se rapprocher =de=; approcher =de=. =approx´imate=, _adj._, approximatif. =approxima´tion= (ap-prok-si-mé-), _n._, approximation, _f._; rapprochement, _m._ =approx´imative=, _adj._, approximatif. =approx´imatively=, _adv._, approximativement. =appulse´= (ap-peulse), _n._, choc, _m._; (astron.) rencontre, approche, _f._ =appur´tenance= (ap-peur-te-), _n._, appartenance, dépendance, _f._ =appur´tenant=, _adj._, appartenant =à=, dépendant =de=. =ap´ricot= (-cote), _n._, abricot, _m._ — tree; _abricotier_, _m._ =A´pril= (é-pril), _n._, Avril, _m._ — shower; _giboulée de mars_, _f._ =A´pril-fool= (-foule), _n._, qui a reçu un poisson d’avril, _f._ To be made an —; _recevoir un poisson d’avril_. To make an —; _donner un poisson d’avril_ =à=. =a´pron= (é-preune _ou_ -peurne), _n._, tablier; (artil.) couvre-lumière; (nav.) éperon, _m._; contre-étrave, _f._ An — full; _plein son tablier_. Tied to the — strings of; _sous la domination_ =de=. =a´proned=, _adj._, portant tablier. =apse= _or_ =apsis=, _n._, (arch., rel.) abside, _f._; chevet, _m._; (astron.) apside, _f._ =apt=, _adj._, sujet =à=; enclin =à=; porté =à=; propre =à=, convenable =à=. To be — to; _être porté_ =à=, _être disposé_ =à=. =Ap´tera= (-teu-) _ou_ =ap´terans= (-teura’n’ze), _n.pl._, (ent.) aptères, _m.pl._ =ap´terous= (ap-teureusse), _adj._, aptère. =apt´itude= (-tioude), _n._, aptitude, disposition, _f._; penchant, _m._ =apt´ly=, _adv._, à propos; justement, convenablement. =apt´ness= (-nèsse), _n._, disposition, convenance, aptitude; propriété, tendance, _f._ =ap´yrous= (a-païreusse), _adj._, apyre, infusible. =a´qua= (é-kwa), _n._, eau, _f._ =a´qua-for´tis= (é-kwa-), _n._, eau-forte, _f._ =a´qua-mari´na= (é-kwa-), _n._, aigue-marine, _f._ =a´qua-re´gia= (é-kwa-rid’jia), _n._, eau régale, _f._ =aquarelle´=, _n._, aquarelle, _f._ =aqua´rium= (-rieume), _n._, aquarium, _m._ =Aqua´rius= (-rieusse), _n._, (astron.) Verseau. =aquat´ic= _ou_ =aquat´ical=, _adj._, aquatique. =aquat´ic=, _n._, plante aquatique, _f._ =a´qua-tint= (é-kwa-ti-n-te) _ou_ =a´qua-tint´a= (é-kwa-ti-n-ta), _n._, (engr.) aquatinte, _f._ =a´qua-vi´tæ= (é-kwa-vaïti), _n._, eau de vie, _f._ =aq´ueduct= (a-kwi-deuct), _n._, aqueduc, _m._ =a´queous= (é-kwi-eusse), _adj._, aqueux. =a´queousness=, _n._, aquosité, _f._ =aq´uiline= (a-kwi-laïne), _adj._, aquilin, d’aigle. =Aq´uilon= (a-kwi-lone), _n._, aquilon, _m._ =aquos´ity= (a-kwociti), _n._, aquosité, _f._ =Ar´ab=, _n._, Arabe, _m.f._ _adj._, arabe. =ar´abesque=, _adj._, arabesque. =ar´abesque=, _n._, arabesque, _f._ =Ara´bian= (a-ré-bia-n), _n._, Arabe, _m.f._ =Ara´bian=, _adj._, arabe; (geog.) arabique. — bedstead; _lit à baldaquin_. =ar´abic=, _adj._, arabe, arabique. Gum —; _gomme arabique_. =Ar´abic=, _n._, arabe (language), _m._ =ar´able=, _adj._, arable, labourable. =arach´noid= (-rak-noïde), _n._, arachnoïde, _f._ =ara´neous= (-ré-ni-eusse) _ou_ =ara´neose= (-ré-ni-ôss), _adj._, d’araignée. =ar´balist= (âr-), _n._, arbalète, _f._ =ar´biter= (âr-), _n._, arbitre, _m._ =arbit´rament= (âr-), _n._, arbitrage, jugement, compromis, _m._; décision, _f._ =ar´bitrarily=, _adv._, arbitrairement. =ar´bitrariness= (-nèsse), _n._, arbitraire, _m._ =ar´bitrary=, _adj._, arbitraire. =ar´bitrate= (âr-bi-tréte), _v.a._, arbitrer, décider. =ar´bitrate=, _v.n._, arbitrer, décider, prononcer. =arbitra´tion= (âr-bi-tré-), _n._, arbitrage, _m._; décision, _f._ By —; _par arbitrage_; _arbitralement_. =arbitra´tion-bond= (-bo-n’d), _n._, (jur.) compromis, _m._ =ar´bitrator= (âr-bi-tré-teur), _n._, arbitre, _m._ =arbit´rement= (âr-bi-tri-), _n._, (ant.) décision, _f._; jugement, compromis; (philos.) arbitre, _m._ =ar´bitress= (âr-bi-trèsse), _n._, arbitre, _f._ =ar´bor=, _n._, (bot., tech.) arbre, _m._ — vitæ; _thuia_ or _thuya_, _m._ =arbo´reous= (âr-bô-ri-eusse) _ou_ =ar´borous= (âr-bo-reusse), _adj._, d’arbre; (bot.) arborescent. =arbores´cence=, _n._, arborescence, _f._ =arbores´cent= (âr-bo-rès-sè-nte), _adj._, arborescent. =arboricul´ture= (âr-bo-ri-keul-tioure), _n._, arboriculture, culture des arbres, _f._ =ar´boriform=, _adj._, arboriforme. =ar´borist=, _n._, arboriste, _m._ =ar´borize= (âr-bo-raïze), _v.a._, arboriser (l.u.). =ar´bor= (âr-beur), _n._, berceau, _m._; tonnelle, _f._ =ar´bute= (âr-bioute) _ou_ =arbu´tus= (âr-biou-teusse), _n._, (bot.) arbousier, _m._ =arbu´tean= (âr-biou-ti-a’n), _adj._, (bot.) d’arbousier. =ar´bute-berry=, _n._, (bot.) arbouse, _f._ =arc=, _n._, arc, _m._ =arcade´= (âr-kéde), _n._, arcade, galerie, _f._; passage, _m._ =arca´dian= (âr-ké-di-a’n), _adj._, arcadien. =arca´num= (âr-ké-neume), _n._, arcane, secret, mystère, _m._ =arc-boutant´=, _n._, arc-boutant, _m._ =arch= (ârt’she), _n._, arche, _f._; arc, cintre, _m._; voûte, _f._ Triumphal —; _arc de triomphe_. =arch=, _v.a._, voûter; cintrer; arquer, courber. =arch=, _adj._, fin; malin; grand, insigne, fieffé. =archæolog´ic= (âr-ki-olod’jik), _adj._, archéologique. =archæol´ogy= (âr-ki-olod’ji) _ou_ =archaiol´ogy= (âr-ké-), _n._, archéologie, _f._ =arch´aism= (âr-ké-izme), _n._, archaïsme, _m._ =archan´gel= (âr-ké-nd’jèle), _n._, archange, _m._ =archangel´ic=, _adj._, archangélique, de l’archange. =archbish´op= (art’sh-bî-sheupe), _n._, archevêque, _m._ =archbish´opric=, _n._, archevêché, _m._ =arch-but´tress=, _n._, arc-boutant, _m._ =archdea´con= (ârt’sh-dîk’n), _n._, archidiacre, _m._ =archdea´conry=, _n._, archidiaconat, _m._ =archduch´ess= (ârt’sh-deut’shèsse), _n._, archiduchesse, _f._ =archduch´y= (-deutshi), _n._, archiduché, _m._ =archduke´= (-diouke), _n._, archiduc, _m._ =archduke´dom=, _n._, archiduché, _m._ =arched= (ârt’shte), _adj._, voûté, cintré; arqué. =arch´er= (ârt’sh’eur), _n._, archer; (astron.) Sagittaire, _m._ =arch´ery=, _n._, tir à l’arc, _m._ =arch´es-court= (ârt’shèze-cōrte), _n._, cour des arches, _f._ =arch´etypal= (âr-ki-taï-pal), _adj._, archétype. =arch´etype= (âr-kî-taïpe), _n._, archétype; (coin) étalon, _m._ =arch-fiend´= (ârt’sh-fîn’de), _n._, démon, _m._ =arch-foe´= (-fô), _n._, grand ennemi, ennemi juré, _m._ =arch-head´= (art’sh-hède), _n._, (arch.) tête de voûte, _f._ =arch-her´esy= (ârt’sh-hè-ri-ci), _n._, hérésie principale, _f._ =arch-her´etic= (-hè-ri-), _n._, grand hérétique, _m._ =arch-hyp´ocrite= (-po-), _n._, grand hypocrite, _m._ =arch´ical= (âr-ki-), _adj._, principal. =archidiac´onal= (âr-ki-di-ako-), _adj._, d’archidiacre. =archiepis´copacy= (âr-ki-i-pis-ko-), _n._, archiépiscopat, _m._ =archiepis´copal=, _adj._, archiépiscopal. =arch´ing= (ârt’shigne), _n._, arche, voûte, _f._ =archipel´ago= (âr-ki-), _n._, archipel, _m._ =arch´itect= (âr-ki-), _n._, architecte; (fig.) artisan, _m._ =architecton´ic=, _adj._, architectonique. =architect´ural= (-tiou-), _adj._, architectural. =arch´itecture= (âr-ki-tèk-tioure), _n._, architecture, _f._ =arch´itrave= (âr-ki-tréve), _n._, architrave, _f._ =arch´ival= (-kaï-), _adj._, d’archives, des archives. =arch´ivault= (-ki-vōlte) _ou_ =archivolt= (-ki-volte), _n._, (arch.) archivolte, _f._ =ar´chives= (-kaïv’ze), _n.pl._, archives, _f.pl._ =ar´chivist= (-kiviste), _n._, archiviste, _m._ =arch´like= (ârt’sh-laïke), _adj._, en forme d’arche, en voûte; voûté. =arch´lute= (ârt’sh-lioute), _n._, téorbe, théorbe, tuorbe, _m._ =arch´ly= (ârt’shli), _adv._, avec malice, malicieusement, d’un air malin, avec espièglerie. =arch´ness= (art’shnèsse), _n._, malice, espièglerie, _f._ =arch´on= (âr-ko’n), _n._, archonte, _m._ =arch-priest´= (ârt’sh-prîste), _n._, archiprêtre, _m._ =arch-pri´mate= (-praï-méte), _n._, grand primat, _m._ =arch-pro´phet=, _n._, grand prophète, _m._ =arch´-stone= (-stône), _n._, (arch.) voussoir, _m._; clé de voûte, _f._ =arch-trai´tor= (-teur), _n._, traître insigne, _m._ =arch-vil´lain= (-vil-la-n), _n._, grand misérable, _m._ =arch-vil´lainy=, _n._, profonde scélératesse, _f._ =arch´way=, _n._, passage (sous une voûte); portail; arceau, _m._; voûte, _f._ =arch´wise= (ârt’shwaïze), _adv._, en forme de voûte, en forme d’arche. =arch´-work=, _n._, arcature, _f._ =arc´tic= (ârk-tike), _adj._, arctique. =arc´uate= (âr-kiou-éte), _adj._, en forme d’arc. =ar´dency=, _n._, ardeur, _f._ =ar´dent=, _adj._, ardent, brûlant. — spirits; _spiritueux_, _m.pl._ =ar´dently=, _adv._, ardemment, avec ardeur. =ar´dor= (-deur), _n._, ardeur, _f._ =ard´uous= (-diou-eusse), _adj._, ardu, rude, pénible, difficile. =ard´uously=, _adv._, difficilement, péniblement. =ard´uousness=, _n._, difficulté, _f._ =a´rea= (é-ri-a), _n._, aire, étendue, enceinte, _f._; (of halls) pourtour; surface, superficie, arène; (of a house) avant-cour; sous-sol; (of churches) parvis, _m._ — steps; _escalier de service_, _m._ =a´real= (é-ri-al), _adj._, de superficie. =are´ca=, _n._, arec, _m._ — nut; _noix d’arec_, _f._ =arefac´tion= (ar-i-), _n._, aréfaction, _f._ =ar´efy= (-ri-faïe), _v.a._, dessécher. =are´na= (-rî-), _n._, arène; (med.) gravelle, _f._ =arena´ceous= (-ri-né-shi-eusse), _adj._, arénacé. =arena´tion= (-ri-né-), _n._, arénation, _f._ =arenose´= (-ri-nôss), _adj._, aréneux, sablonneux. =are´ola= (-ri-ô-), =ar´eole= (-ri-ôle), _n._, (anat., med.) aréole, _f._ =are´olar=, _adj._, aréolaire. =areom´eter= (-ri-o’mi-teur), _n._, aréomètre, _m._ =areom´etry=, _n._, art de mesurer la gravité spécifique des fluides, _m._; aréométrie, _f._ =Areop´agite= (-ri-op-ad’jaïte), _n._, aréopagite, _m._ =Areop´agus= (-ri-o-pa-gheusse), _n._, aréopage, _m._ =a´reostyle= (-ri-ostaïle), _n._, aréostyle, _m._ =ar´gal=, _n._, tartre brut, _m._ =ar´gemone= (ard’ji-mô-ni), _n._, (bot.) argémone, _f._, pavot épineux, _m._ =ar´gent= (ard’j’è-n’te), _adj._, d’argent, argenté. =ar´gent=, _n._, (her.) argent, _m._ =argent´al=, _adj._, d’argent. =ar´gentate= (-téte), _n._, (chem.) fulminate d’argent, _m._ =argenta´tion= (-té-), _n._, argenture, _f._ =argentif´erous= (-ti-feureusse), _adj._, argentifère. =ar´gentine= (-taïne), _n._, (bot., ich.) argentine, _f._ =ar´gentine=, _adj._, argentin. =ar´gil= (ârd’jile), _n._, argile, _f._ =ar´gil= (ârd’jile), _n._, (orni.) cigogne à sac, _f._; marabout, _m._ =argilla´ceous= (ârd-jil-lé-shieusse), _adj._, argilacé. =argillif´erous= (ârd-jil-li-feu-reusse), _adj._, argilifère. =ar´gonaut= (-go-), _n._, argonaute, _m._ =ar´gosy= (-go-ci), _n._, (nav.) vaisseau marchand, navire, _m._; caraque, _f._ =ar´gue= (-ghiou), _v.n._, argumenter; raisonner =de=, arguer =de=, soutenir, prétendre; (jur.) plaider. =ar´gue=, _v.a._, discuter; annoncer; (fig.) dénoter; indiquer, accuser. =ar´guer= (-ghiou-eur), _n._, argumentateur, logicien, disputant, controversiste, raisonneur, _m._ =ar´guing=, _n._, argumentation, discussion, _f._; raisonnement, _m._; _adj._, raisonneur. =ar´gument= (-ghiou-), _n._, argument, raisonnement, sujet, _m._; thèse, discussion, preuve, _f._ =argument´al=, _adj._, d’argument. =argumenta´tion= (-té-), _n._, argumentation, _f._ =argument´ative=, _adj._, de raisonnement, d’argumentation; disposé à argumenter. — declamation; _argumentation oratoire_, _f._ =argument´atively=, _adv._, par argument. =Ar´gus= (-gheusse), _n._, argus, _m._ =argute´= (-ghioute), _adj._, (ant.) fin, subtil. =A´rian=, _adj._, arien. =A´rian= (a-ria-n), _n._, arien, _m._, arienne, _f._ =A´rianism=, _n._, arianisme, _m._ =ar´id=, _adj._, aride. =arid´ity=, _n._, aridité, _f._ =ar´idness= (-nèsse), _n._ _V._ =aridity=. =A´ries= (éri-îze), _n._, (astron.) Bélier, _m._ =ariet´ta= (arièt-ta), _n._, ariette, _f._ =aright´= (araïte), _adv._, droitement; bien. =arise´= (araïze), _v.n._, se lever; s’élever, survenir; se soulever, surgir, se présenter; provenir =de=; naître =de=. =ar´istarch=, _n._, aristarque, _m._ =aristoc´racy=, _n._, aristocratie, _f._ =aris´tocrat=, _n._, aristocrate, _m.f._ =aristocrat´ic= _ou_ =aristocrat´ical=, _adj._, aristocratique. =aristocrat´ically=, _adv._, aristocratiquement. =Aristote´lian= (-tî-), _adj._, aristotélicien. =Aristote´lian=, _n._, aristotélicien, _m._, aristotélicienne, _f._ =Aristote´lianism=, _n._, aristotélisme, _m._ =arith´metic= (-rith-mi-), _n._, arithmétique, _f._; calcul, _m._ =arithmet´ical=, _adj._, arithmétique. =arithmet´ically=, _adv._, arithmétiquement. =arithmeti´cian= (arith-mi-ti-sha’n), _n._, arithméticien, _m._ =ark=, _n._, arche, _f._; coffret, _m._ Noah’s —; _l’arche de Noé_, _f._ The — of the covenant, the — of the Lord; _l’arche d’alliance_, _l’arche du Seigneur_, _f._ =arm=, _n._, bras; (horl.) levier, _m._ With —s folded; _les bras croisés_. With open —s; _à bras ouverts_. — in —; _bras dessus_, _bras dessous_. In —s; _en armes_; _les armes à la main_; (of children) _au maillot_. Under —; _sous les armes_. At —’s length; _à distance_. Within —’s reach; _à portée du bras_. =arm=, _v.a._, armer; donner des armes =à=. =arm=, _v.n._, s’armer, armer; prendre les armes. =arma´da= (-mé-), _n._, flotte, armada, _f._ =armadil´la=, _n._, armadille, _f._ =armadil´lo=, _n._, (mam.) tatou, _m._ =ar´mament=, _n._, armement, _m._ =arm´-chair= (ârm-tshère), _n._, fauteuil, _m._ =armed= (ârm’de), _adj._, armé. =arm´ful= (-foule), _n._, brassée, _f._ =arm´-guard=, _n._, garde-bras, brassard, _m._ =arm´hole= (-hôle), _n._, aisselle; emmanchure, entournure, _f._ =arm´illary=, _adj._, armillaire. =arm´istice=, _n._, armistice, _m._ =arm´less= (-lèsse), _adj._, sans bras; sans armes. =arm´let= (-lète), _n._, brassard, bracelet; petit bras (de mer), _m._ =armo´rial= (-mô-), _adj._, armorial. — bearings; _armoiries_, _f.pl._ =arm´orist= (ârmeuriste), _n._, (ant.) armoriste, _m._ =arm´or= (-meur), _n._, armure, _f._; armement, _m._ — cased, plated; _cuirassé_, _blindé_. — casing _ou_ plating; _blindage_, _m._ — plate; _plaque de blindage_, _f._ =arm´ored=, _adj._, cuirassé, blindé. — train; _train blindé_, _m._ =arm´orer= (âr-meureur), _n._, armurier, _m._ =arm´ory= (-meuri), _n._, arsenal, _m._; salle d’armes; armure, _f._ =arm´pit= (-pite), _n._, aisselle, _f._ =arms= (ârm’ze), _n.pl._, armes; (her.) armes, armoiries, _f.pl._ Man at —; _homme d’armes_, _m._ Passage of —; _pas d’armes_, _m._ Small —; _armes portatives_. Side —; _armes blanches_. Irregular —; (her.) _armes fausses_, _armes à enquerre_. By force of —; _par la force des armes_. To beat to —; (milit.) _battre le rappel_, _battre la générale_. To take up —; _prendre les armes_. Ground —! (milit.) _reposez vos armes_, _descendez armes!_ Slope —! (milit.) _armes à volonté!_ Support —; (milit.) _arme au bras!_ Unpile —! (milit.) _rompez les faisceaux!_ Shoulder —! (milit.) _portez armes!_ Lodge —! (milit.) _haut les armes!_ To have long —; _avoir les bras longs_. In —; _les armes à la main_. To give up one’s —; _rendre les armes_. =arms´-manufactory=, _n._, armurerie, manufacture d’armes, _f._ =ar´my=, _n._, armée; (fig.) foule, multitude, _f._ To enter the —; _entrer dans l’armée_. To be in the —; _être militaire_, _être au service_. — corps; _corps d’armée_, _m._ =ar´nica=, _n._, arnique, _f._; arnica, _m._ =arnot´to=, _n._, (bot.) rocou, rocouyer; (dy.) rocou, _m._ =ar´nuts= (-neutse), _n._, avoine cultivée, _f._ =aro´ma=, _n._, arôme, _m._; (of wine) bouquet, _m._ =aromat´ic= _ou_ =aromat´ical= (-ro-), _adj._, aromatique. =aromatiza´tion= (-ro-matizé-), _n._, aromatisation, _f._ =aro´matize= (-rô-mataïze), _v.a._, aromatiser. =around´= (-raou’nde), _prep._, autour =de=, à l’entour =de=. =around´=, _adv._, autour, à l’entour, à la ronde, aux environs; aux alentours. =arouse´= (-raouze), _v.a._, soulever, réveiller, éveiller, exciter, animer. =arow´= (arô), _adv._, en rang, l’un après l’autre. =aroynt´= (arô-ï-n’te), _adv._, (ant.) va-t-en; loin d’ici; arrière! =arpeg´gio= (-pèd’ji-ô), _n._, (mus.) arpège, _m._ =arquebusade´= (-kwi-beu-céde), _n._, arquebusade; (pharm.) eau d’arquebusade, _f._ =ar´quebuse= (-kwi-beusse), _n._, arquebuse, _f._ =arquebusier´= (ârkwi-beu-cir), _n._, arquebusier, _m._ =ar´rack=, _n._, arack, rack, _m._ =arraign´= (ar-réne), _v.a._, traduire en justice, accuser; mettre en accusation; poursuivre (en justice). =arraign´er=, _n._, accusateur. =arraign´ment= (-ré-n’-), _n._, mise en accusation; accusation, _f._ =arrange´= (-ré-n’je), _v.a._, arranger, ranger, agencer; disposer, distribuer, aménager, organiser. _v.n._, s’arranger, faire des arrangements. — to meet me; _arrangez-vous pour me rencontrer_. =arrange´ment=, _n._, arrangement; agencement, accommodement, aménagement, _m._; disposition, organisation, _f._ =arran´ger= (-ré-n’jeur), _n._, arrangeur; meneur, _m._ =ar´rant=, _adj._, vrai, insigne, grand, fieffé, déterminé. =ar´rantly=, _adv._, notoirement; impudemment, ouvertement. =array´=, _n._, ordre, _m._; revue; suite, troupe, _f._; cortège; nombre, _m._; foule, _f._; appareil, _m._; pompe, _f._; atours, _m.pl._; (jur.) liste des jurés, _f._ In battle-—; _en ordre de bataille_. =array´=, _v.a._, déployer, ranger; revêtir de; parer =de=, orner =de=; (jur.) dresser. =arrear´= (ar-rire), =arrears´=, _n._, arriéré, _m.pl._, arrérages, _m.pl._ In —; _en arrière_, _arriéré_, _en retard_. To pay up one’s —s; _payer son arriéré_. =arrest´= (ar-rèste), _n._, empêchement; arrêt, _m._; arrestation, prise de corps, _f._ — for debt; _contrainte par corps_, _f._ Under —; _en état d’arrestation_; (mil.) _aux arrêts_. =arrest=, _v.a._, arrêter, saisir; fixer, suspendre; surseoir (=à=). =arresta´tion= (-rès-té-), =arrest´ment=, _n._, arrestation, opposition, _f._ =arri´val= (ar-raï-), _n._, arrivée, _f._; arrivage, _m._ — platform; _quai d’arrivée_, _débarcadère_, _m._ =arrive´= (ar-raïve), _v.n._, arriver; parvenir =à=. =ar´rogance= _ou_ =ar´rogancy= (-ro-), _n._, arrogance, _f._ =ar´rogant= (-ro-), _adj._, arrogant. =ar´rogantly=, _adv._, arrogamment. =ar´rogate= (-ro-ghéte), _v.a._, s’arroger. _v.n._, (to one’s self) s’arroger. =arroga´tion= (-ro-ghé-), _n._, prétention _ou_ demande, arrogante, _f._ =ar´row= (ar-rô), _n._, flèche, _f._; (fig.) trait, _m._ Shower of —s; _grêle de flèches_, _f._ =ar´row-grass=, _n._, troscart, _m._; herbe des pampas, _f._ =ar´row-head= (-hède), _n._, tête de flèche; (bot.) sagittaire, fléchière, _f._ =ar´row-ma´ker= (-mék-eur), _n._, fléchier, _m._ =ar´row-root= (-route), _m._, arrow-root, _m._; herbe à la flèche, _f._ =ar´row-shaped= (-ro-shépte), _adj._, sagitté. =ar´rowy= (ar-ro-i), _adj._, de flèche, en flèche. =arse=, _n._, (l.ex.) derrière, _m._, fesse, _f._; (of meat) cimier, gîte, _m._ =ar´senal= (-si-), _n._, arsenal, _m._ =arse´niate= (-sî-niéte), _n._, arséniate, _m._ =ar´senic= (-sè-nike), _n._, arsenic, _m._ =arsen´ical= (-sè-), _adj._, arsenical. =arsen´icate= (-sè-ni-kéte), _v.a._, combiner avec l’arsenic. =arse´nious= (-sî-), _adj._, arsénieux. =ar´senite= (-sè-naïte), _n._, arsénite, _m._ =ar´son= (-so’n), _n._, incendie prémédité, _m._ =art= (ârte), _n._, art; artifice, _m._; adresse, _f._; beaux-arts, _m.pl._ Black —; _magie noire_, _f._ The fine —s; _les beaux-arts_, _m.pl_. School of —; _école des beaux-arts_, _f._ — club; _cercle des beaux-arts_. — sale; _vente d’objets d’art_, _f._ =arte´rial= (-tî-), _adj._, (anat.) artériel. =arteriol´ogy= (âr-tî-riolod’ji), _n._, artériologie, _f._ =ar´tery= (âr-teuri), _n._, artère, _f._ =arte´sian= (ar-tîzia’n), _adj._, artésien. =art´ful= (ârt’foul), _adj._, rusé, fin; fait avec art; adroit, habile; (b.s.) (crafty) artificieux, astucieux. =art´fully= (-foul-li), _adv._, avec artifice, artificieusement, avec finesse; artistement; (craft) astucieusement, insidieusement. =art´fulness= (ârt’foulnèsse), _n._, ruse, finesse, _f._; art, _m._; habileté, astuce, _f._, artifice, _m._ =arthrit´ic= _ou_ =arthrit´ical= (ar-thri-), _adj._, arthritique. =arthro´sis= (âr-thrô-cisse), _n._, (anat.) articulation, _f._ =ar´tichoke= (âr-tit’shôke), _n._, artichaut, _m._ Jerusalem —; _topinambour_, _m._ =ar´ticle= (âr-tik’l), _n._, article; objet, colis, _m._; marchandise, _f.pl._, (of a society) statuts, _m.pl._, (jur.) contrat d’apprentissage, _m._ Definite — (gram.) _article défini_, _m._ =ar´ticle=, _v.a._, engager par contrat; mettre (chez un avoué), comme clerc (chez un médecin), comme élève. =ar´ticled= (ar-tik’lde), _adj._, rédigé en articles; lié, obligé, engagé par contrat écrit; apprenti. — pupil; (in schools) _élève maître_, _m._, _élève-maîtresse_, _f._ =artic´ular= (ar-ti-kiou-leur), _adj._, articulaire. =artic´ulate= (ar-ti-kiou-léte), _adj._, articulé. =artic´ulate=, _v.a._, articuler; traiter. =artic´ulate=, _v.n._, articuler, parler distinctement. =artic´ulately=, _adv._, distinctement; article par article. =articula´tion= (ar-ti-kiou-lé-), =artic´ulateness=, _n._, articulation, _f._ =ar´tifice=, _n._, artifice, art, _m._ =artif´icer= (-seur), _n._, artisan, ouvrier, artiste, _m._ =artifi´cial= (-shial), _adj._, artificiel. =artificial´ity=, _n._, état artificiel, _m._; nature artificielle, _f._ =artifi´cially=, _adv._, artificiellement; artistement. =artil´lerist= (-til-leurist), _n._, artilleur, _m._ =artil´lery=, _n._, artillerie, _f._ Horse-—; _artillerie à cheval_. Field-—; _artillerie de campagne_. — ground; _polygone_, _m._ — practice; _tir du canon_, _m._ — train; _équipage d’artillerie_, _m._ =artil´lery-man=, _n._, artilleur, _m._ =art´isan= (-za-n), _n._, artisan, ouvrier, _m._ =art´ist=, _n._, artiste, _m._ =artist´ic= _ou_ =artist´ical=, _adj._, artistique. =artist´ically=, _adv._, artistement; avec art. =art´less=, _adj._, ingénu, simple, naïf; sans art, naturel. =art´lessly=, _adv._, ingénument, simplement, naïvement, sans art. =art´lessness=, _n._, naturel, _m._; naïveté, simplicité, _f._ =a´rum= (é-reume), _n._, arum, _m._ =arundin´eous= (-reu’n-di-ni-eusse), _adj._, couvert de roseaux. =arus´pex= (-reus-pèkse) _ou_ =arus´pice= (-reus-), _n._, (aruspices) aruspice, _m._ =as= (âce), _n._, (Rom. antiq.) as, _m._; (arith.) entier, nombre entier, _m._ =as= (aze), _conj._, comme, ainsi que, selon que, suivant que; à mesure que; en. — it were; _pour ainsi dire_. — yet; _jusqu’à présent_, _encore_. — though; _comme si_. — much —; _autant que_. — ... —; _aussi ... que_. — great —; _aussi grand que_. — it is; _comme il est_; _dans le cas présent_; _vu l’état de choses_. Be it — it may; _quoi qu’il en soit_. — it is; _toujours est-il que_. Rich — she is; _toute riche qu’elle est_. — for; _quant à_. — he advanced; _à mesure qu’il avançait_. She was dressed — a page; _elle était habillée en page_. =asafœt´ida= _ou_ =asafet´ida= (a-ça-), _n._, assafœtida, _f._ _V._ =assafœtida=. =asbes´tos= (-bès-tosse) _ou_ =asbestus= (-bès-teusse), _n._, asbeste, _m._ =ascend´=, _v.n._, monter =à= _or_ =sur=, remonter, s’élever; (of mountains) faire l’ascension =de=. =ascend´=, _v.a._, monter, gravir; remonter (a river). =ascend´able= (as-cè-n’dab’l), _adj._, où l’on peut monter. =ascend´ant=, _n._, ascendant, _m._; influence, supériorité, _f._, dessus, _m._ To be in the —; _prédominer_, _aller croissant_. =ascend´ant= (-da’nte), _adj._, ascendant, supérieur. =ascend´ency= (-dè-nsi), _n._, ascendant, _m._; supériorité, influence, _f._ =ascend´ing= (-digne), _adj._, ascendant. =ascen´sion= (as-cè-n-sheune), _n._, ascension, _f._ =ascen´sional=, _adj._, ascensionnel. =Ascen´sion-day=, _n._, jour de l’Ascension, _m._ =ascent´= (as-cè-n’te), _n._, ascension; hauteur, élévation, montée, pente, inclinaison, _f._; coteau _m._ =ascertain´= (as-ceur-téne), _v.a._, assurer; s’assurer; s’assurer =de=; constater; vérifier, prouver; fixer, déterminer. =ascertain´ment=, _n._, fixation, vérification, règle établie, _f._ =ascet´ic=, _adj._, ascétique. =ascet´ic= (as-sè-tike), _n._, ascète, ascétique, _m._ =ascet´icism=, _n._, ascétisme, _m._ =asci´tes= (as-saï-tîze), _n._, (med.) ascite, _f._ =ascit´ic= _ou_ =ascit´ical= (as-si-), _adj._, ascitique, ascite. =asciti´tious= (as-si-ti-shieusse), _adj._, additionnel. =ascle´piad= (-klî-), _n._, (poet.) asclépiade, _m._ =ascri´bable= (-craï-), _adj._, que l’on peut attribuer; imputable =à=. =ascribe´= (-craïbe), _v.a._, attribuer =à=; imputer =à=, accorder =à=. =ascrip´tion=, _n._, imputation, attribution, _f._ =ash=, _n._, (bot.) frêne, _m._; cendre, _f._ =ash=, _adj._, de frêne, cendré. =ashamed´= (-shê-m’de), _adj._, honteux, confus. To be — of; _avoir honte_ =de=. I am — of you; _vous me faites honte_. =ash´-colored= (ashe-keuleurde), _adj._, cendré. =ash´en= (a-shène), _adj._, de frêne, cendré. =ash´es= (ashèze), _n.pl._, cendre, _f._; cendres, _f.pl._ =ash´-fire= (-faïeur), _n._, feu couvert, _m._ =ash´-gray=, _adj._, gris cendré. =ash´-grove=, _n._, frênaie, _f._ =ash´lar=, _n._, moellon, libage, _m._ =ashore´= (-shore), _adv._, à terre; (of a ship) échoué, à la côte. =ash´-pit=, _n._, =ash´-pan=, =ash´-tub=, cendrier, _m._ =Ash-Wednes´day= (-wè-n’z’dè), _n._, mercredi des cendres, _m._ =ash´y=, _adj._, cendré; terreux, pâle. =ash´y-pale= (-pèle), _adj._, pâle comme la mort. =Asiat´ic= (ê-shia-tike), _adj._, asiatique. =Asiat´icism=, _n._, orientalisme, _m._ =aside´= (-çaïde), _adv._, de côté; à part; à l’écart, en aparté. Putting, setting —; _sans compter_; _abstraction faite_ =de=. Putting, setting that —; _à part cela_. =asine´go= (a-ci-ni-gô), _n._, (pers.) âne, sot, aliboron, _m._ =as´inine= (a-ci-naïne), _adj._, d’âne; (zoöl.) asine, _adj.f._ =ask= (âske), _v.a._, demander; inviter =à=; prier =de=; s’informer =de=. To — in; _prier d’entrer_, _faire entrer_. To — up; _prier de monter_, _faire monter_. To — to do; _demander à faire_. To — to see; _demander à voir_. To — after any one’s health; _demander des nouvelles de la santé de quelqu’un_. To — a question; _faire une question_. =askance´= _ou_ =askant´=, _adv._, de travers; de côté, obliquement, du coin de l’œil. =ask´er= (âsk-eur), _n._, demandeur, questionneur, solliciteur, _m._; demandeuse, questionneuse, solliciteuse, _f._ =askew´= (a-skiou), _adv._, de travers, de côté; de biais, en biais. =aslant´=, _adv._, obliquement, de biais, de côté. =asleep´= (a-slîpe), _adv._, endormi. =aslope´= (a-slôpe), _adv._, en pente. =asp= _ou_ =asp´ic=, _n._, aspic, _m._ =aspar´agus= (-gheusse), _n._, asperge, _f._ Bundle of —; _botte d’asperges_, _f._ — bed; _aspergerie_, _f._ — dish; _berceau à asperges_, _m._ — tongs; _pinces à asperges_, _f.pl._ =as´pect= (-pèkte), _n._, aspect, regard, point de vue, _m._; exposition, _f._ To have a south —; _être exposé au midi_. =asp´en= (-pène), _n._, (bot.) tremble, _m._ =asp´en-grove= (-grôve), _n._, tremblaie, _f._ =asp´en-tree= (-trî), _n._, tremble, _m._ =asper´ity= (-pè-), _n._, aspérité, âpreté, rudesse, sévérité, _f._ =asperse´= (as-peurse), _v.a._, diffamer, noircir; vilipender, calomnier. =asper´ser= (-seur), _n._, calomniateur, diffamateur, _m._ =asper´sion= (-peur-), _n._, aspersion; diffamation, calomnie, _f._ =asphalt´=, =asphalte´=, _ou_ =asphalt´um= (-teume), asphalte, _m._ =asphalt´ic=, _adj._, d’asphalte. =asphalt´ite= (-taïte), _adj._, d’asphalte; Asphaltite (of the Dead Sea). =asphyx´ia= _ou_ =asphyx´y=, _n._, (med.) asphyxie, _f._ =asp´ic=, _n._,(erpetol., bot.,) aspic, _m._; (artil.) ☉coulevrine, _f._ =aspi´rant= _ou_ =as´pirant= (-païeur- _ou_ -pi-), _n._, aspirant, _m._, aspirante, _f._, candidat, postulant, _m._ =as´pirate=, _adj._, aspiré. =as´pirate=, (-réte), _v.a._, aspirer. =as´pirate=, _v.n._, s’aspirer. =as´pirate=, _n._, (gram.) aspirée, _f._; esprit rude, _m._ =aspira´tion= (-ré-), _n._, aspiration, _f._; élan, désir, _m._ =aspire´= (as-païeur), _v.n._, aspirer, s’aspirer, aspirer =à=, prétendre =à=; viser =à=; ambitionner. =aspir´er= (as-païeur-eur), _n._, aspirant, postulant, candidat, _m._ =aspir´ing=, _n._, aspiration, _f._; vif désir, _m._ =aspir´ing= (as-païeur-igne), _adj._, ambitieux, qui désire faire son chemin. =asquint´=, _adv._, de travers; en louchant. =ass=, _n._ âne, _m._ She-—; _ânesse_, _f._ Young —; _ânon_, _m._ —es’ bridge; _pont aux ânes_, _m._ =assafœt´ida=, _n._, assa foetida, _f._ =as´sagai=, _n._, zagaie, _f._ =assail´= (as-séle), _v.a._, assaillir, attaquer. =assail´able= (-lab’l), _adj._, attaquable. =assail´ant= (-la-n’te), assaillant, _m._ =assail´er= (-leur), _n._, assaillant, _m._ =assail´ment= (-mè-n’te), _n._, attaque, _f._ =assart´= (as-sarte), _n._, (ant.) essartement; arbre essarté, _m._ =assart´=, _v.a._, essarter. =assas´sin= (-cine), _n._, assassin, _m._ =assas´sinate= (-néte), _v.a._, assassiner. =assas´sinating= (-nétigne), _adj._, d’assassinat; assassinant. =assassina´tion= (-né-), _n._, assassinat, _m._ =assas´sinator= (-né-teur), _n._, assassin, _m._ =assas´sin-like= (-laïke), _adj._, d’assassin. =assault´= (as-sōlte), _n._, assaut, _m._; attaque, agression, _f._; (jur.) voies de fait, _f.pl._ Brought up for —; _traduit en police correctionnelle pour voies de fait_. Aggravated —; _coups et blessures_. Indecent —; _tentative de viol_, _f._; _viol_, _m._ =assault´=, _v.a._, assaillir, attaquer, donner l’assaut =à=; (jur.) commettre des voies de fait =sur=. =assault´able= (-tab’l), _adj._, attaquable. =assault´er= (-teur), _n._ _V._ =assailant=. =assay´=, _n._, essai, _m._; épreuve, vérification, _f._, contrôle, _m._ — office; _bureau de garantie_, _m._ — scales, _trébuchet_, _m._, _balance d’analyse_ ou _d’essayeur_, _f._ =assay´-balance= (-la-n’ce), _n._, trébuchet, _m._; balance d’essayeur, _f._ =assay´er= (as-sé-eur), _n._, essayeur, _m._ =assay´-master=, _n._, maître-essayeur, _m._ =assem´blage= (-sè-m’bléd’je), _n._, assemblage, _m._; assemblée, _f._ =assem´ble= (-sè-m’b’l), _v.a._, assembler, réunir, rassembler. =assem´ble=, _v.n._, s’assembler, se réunir, se rassembler. =assem´bler= (-bleur), _n._, personne qui rassemble, _f._; chef, meneur, _m._ =assem´bly=, _n._, assemblée, réunion, _f._ To meet in —; _se réunir en assemblée publique_. =assem´bly-room= (-roume), _n._, salle d’assemblée, de réunion, _f._ =assent´= (as-sè-n’te), _n._, assentiment, consentement, _m._; sanction, _f._ =assent´=, _v.n._, donner son assentiment =à=; approuver; assentir =à=, consentir =à=. =assent´er= (-teur), _n._, approbateur, _m._, approbatrice, _f._ =assent´ingly= (-tigneli), _adv._, avec approbation. =assent´ment=, _n._, (ant.) assentiment, _m._ =assert´= (-seurte), _v.a._, avancer; soutenir; prononcer, proclamer, constater, affirmer, prétendre; revendiquer, faire valoir (rights). =asser´tion=, _n._, assertion, revendication, _f._ =assert´ive=, _adj._, (ant.) assertif, affirmatif. =assert´or= (-teur), _n._, défenseur, soutien, _m._ =assert´ory=, _adj._, affirmatif. =assess´=, _v.a._, taxer, imposer, coter, répartir, fixer, évaluer. =assess´able=, _adj._, imposable. =assessed´= (as-sès-ste), _part._, taxé, imposé, fixé, déterminé. _adj._, direct. =asses´sionary= (-sheunari), _adj._, assessorial. =assess´ment=, _n._, cote, imposition, répartition, assiette, fixation, _f._; cadastre, _m._ =assess´or= (-seur), _n._, fonctionnaire chargé d’asseoir les impôts, assesseur, répartiteur, estimateur, expert, _m._ =as´sets= (as-sètse), _n.pl._, actif, _m._ — and liabilities; _actif et passif_, _m._ =assev´er= (as-sèv-eur) _or_ =assev´erate= (as-sèv-euréte), _v.a._, affirmer solennellement. =assevera´tion= (-ré-), _n._, affirmation solennelle, _f._ =assidu´ity= (-diou-i-), _n._, assiduité, _f._ =assid´uous= (-diou-eusse), _adj._, assidu. =assid´uously=, _adv._, assidûment. =assign´= (as-saïne), _n._, (jur.) ayant droit, ayant cause, _m._ =assign´=, _v.a._, assigner =à=; déterminer, fixer; transférer =à=, appliquer =à=. =assign´able= (-nab’l), _adj._, assignable; (jur.) transférable; déterminable. =assigna´tion= (as-sig-né-), _n._, assignation, désignation; (jur.) cession, _f._; rendez-vous, _m._ =assignee´= (as-saï-nî), _n._, syndic; cessionnaire; mandataire, _m._ Official —; _syndic provisoire_. =assign´er= (-neur), _n._, personne qui assigne, _f._; (jur.) cédant, _m._ =assign´ment= (as-saï-n-mè-n’te), _n._, transfert, _m._; cession de biens; allocation, _f._ =assign´or= (-neur), _n._, (jur.) cédant, _m._ =assim´ilable=, _adj._, assimilable. =assim´ilate= (-léte), _v.a._, assimiler, s’assimiler. =assimila´tion= (-lé-), _n._, assimilation, _f._ =assim´ilative=, _adj._, assimilatif, assimilateur. =assist´=, _v.a._, assister; secourir, aider. =assist´ance=, _n._, assistance, aide, _f._; secours, concours, _m._ =assist´ant=, _n._, aide; assistant; appui; adjoint, suppléant, second, _m._; (in a shop) garçon de comptoir, chef de rayon; (pop.) calicot, _m._; demoiselle de comptoir, _f._ — examiner; _examinateur adjoint_. =assist´ant=, _adj._, qui aide; auxiliaire. =assist´er= (-teur), _n._, aide, _m.f._, personne qui assiste, qui aide, _f._. =assize´= (as-saïze) _ou_ =assiz´es= (-saïzize), _n._, assises, _f.pl._; tarif, _m._, taxe, _f._ Court of —s; _cour d’assises_, _f._ — of bread; _taxe du pain_. The case is down for hearing at the —s; _c’est porté aux assises_ (V. Hugo). =assize´=, _v.a._, taxer, imposer; fixer le prix des denrées. =assiz´er= (-zeur), _n._, vérificateur des poids et mesures, _m._ =associabil´ity= (as-sô-shia-), _n._, sociabilité, _f._ =asso´ciable= (-shiab’l), _adj._, sociable. =asso´ciate= (-shi-éte), _n._, associé, _m._; (in crime) complice, _m._; collègue; compagnon, _m._ =asso´ciate=, _v.a._, associer =avec= _ou_ =à=; servir =avec=, joindre =à=. =asso´ciate=, _v.n._, s’associer =avec= _ou_ =à=. To — with; _fréquenter_. =associa´tion= (-cié-), _n._, association, corporation, idée, notion, union, _f._; rapport, souvenir, _m._ =as´sonance= (as-so-na’nce), _n._, (rhet.) assonance, _f._ =as´sonant=, _adj._, assonant. =assort´= (as-sorte), _v.a._, assortir. =assort´ed=, _part._, assorti. =assort´ment=, _n._, assortiment; assemblage, _m._ =assuage´= (as-swéd’je), _v.a._, adoucir, apaiser, calmer, _v.n._, s’apaiser, se calmer. =assuage´ment=, _n._, adoucissement, soulagement, apaisement, _m._ =assua´sive= (as-swé-cive), _adj._, soulageant; adoucissant, apaisant. =assume´= (as-sioume), _v.a._, prendre, s’arroger, s’attribuer, prendre sur soi; assumer, prendre (_une responsabilité_); supposer; prétendre; se permettre, se donner. =assume´=, _v.n._, être arrogant, faire l’important; s’en faire accroire, afficher des prétentions. =assu´mer= (-meur), _n._, arrogant, présomptueux, prétentieux, _m._ =assu´ming= (-migne), _adj._, arrogant, prétentieux; ambitieux, tranchant. =assump´sit= (as-seu-m-site), _n._, (jur.) promesse verbale, _f._ =assump´tion= (as-seu-m-sheune), _n._, (rel.) Assomption (la fête de l’); (fig.) présomption; prétention; supposition, _f._ =assump´tive= (as-seu-m-tive), _adj._, qu’on peut prendre; (log.) assomptif. =assu´rance= (a-shiou-ra’nce), _n._, assurance, certitude, promesse, _f._ _V._ =insurance=. =assure´= (a-shiour), _v.a._, assurer. =assured´= (-shiour’de), _part._ _adj._, assuré; sûr. =assur´edly= (-shiour-ède-), _adv._, assurément, certainement. Most —; _certes_, _bien assurément_, _bien certainement_. =assur´edness=, _n._, certitude, _f._ =assur´er= (-reur), _n._, assureur, _m._ =as´teism= (asti-iz’me), _n._, (rhet.) ironie raffinée, _f._ =as´ter= (-teur), _n._, (bot.) aster, _m._ =aste´rias= (-tî-), _n._, astérie, _f._ =aste´riated= (as-tî-ri-étède), _adj._, étoilé. =aste´riatite= (as-tî-rié-taïte), _n._, astérie pétrifiée, _f._ =as´terisk= (as-teuriske), _n._, astérisque, _m._ =as´terism= (as-teu-riz’me), _n._, astérisme, _m._ =astern´= (as-teurne), _adv._, (nav.) à l’arrière, de l’arrière, en poupe, arrière. To leave —; _laisser à l’arrière_. =asth´ma= (as-ma), _n._, asthme, _m._ =asthmat´ic=, _adj._, asthmatique. =astir´=, _adj._, agité, en l’air, en rumeur, en émoi, debout; agissant, actif. We were — betimes; _nous fûmes debout_, ou _sur pied_, _de bonne heure_. =aston´ish=, _v.a._, étonner, surprendre. =aston´ished=, _adj._, _part._, étonné =de=, surpris =de=. =aston´ishing= (-shigne), _adj._, étonnant, surprenant. =aston´ishingly= (-shigne-li), _adv._, étonnamment. =aston´ishment=, _n._, étonnement, _m._ To strike with —; _frapper d’étonnement_. To recover from one’s —; _revenir de son étonnement_. To the — of all; _au grand étonnement de tous_. =astound´= (as-ta-ou’nde), _v.a._, étonner; abasourdir, étourdir. =astound´ingly=, _adv._, étonnamment. =astrad´dle=, _adv._, à califourchon. _V._ =astride=. =Astræ´a= _ou_ =Astre´a= (astri-a), _n._, astrée, _f._ =as´tragal=, _n._, (arch.) astragale, _m._ =As´trakhan=, _n._, astracan, _m._ =as´tral=, _adj._, astral. =astray´=, _adv._, de travers; égaré. To go —; _s’égarer_. To lead —; _égarer_. =Astre´a=, _n._ _V._ =Astræa=. =astrict´= (-trikte), _v.a._, (l.u.) resserrer, comprimer. =astric´tion= (as-trik-sheune), _n._, contrainte; (med.) constriction; (surg.) compression, _f._ =astride´= (astraïde), _adv._, à califourchon; (avec) les jambes écartées. — upon; _à cheval_ =sur=. =astringe´= (-tri-nd’je), _v.a._, resserrer. =astrin´gency= (-tri-n-), _n._, astringence, _f._ =astrin´gent=, _adj._, astringent. =astrin´gent= (-tri-n-), _n._, astringent, _m._ =astrog´raphy=, _n._, description des astres, _f._ =as´trolabe= (-tro-lébe), _n._, astrolabe, _m._ =astrol´oger= (-lod’jeur), _n._, astrologue, _m._ =astrolog´ic= _ou_ =astrolog´ical= (-lod’jik, -lod-jical), _adj._, astrologique. =astrolog´ically=, _adv._, par l’astrologie. =astrol´ogize= (-lod’jaïze), _v.n._, pratiquer l’astrologie. =astrol´ogy= (-lod’ji), _n._, astrologie, _f._ =astron´omer= (-no-meur), _n._, astronome, _m._ =astronom´ic= _ou_ =astronom´ical= (as-tro-no-), _adj._, astronomique. =astronom´ically= (as-tro-no-), _adv._, astronomiquement. =astron´omy= (as-tro-nô-), _n._, astronomie, _f._ =astrut´= (a-streute), _adv._, en se rengorgeant; bouffi =de=. =astute´= (as-tioute), _adj._, fin, pénétrant, rusé. =asun´der= (a-ceu-n’deur), _adj._, séparé, séparément, éloigné l’un de l’autre; en deux. =asy´lum= (a-çaï-leume), _n._, asile, refuge; hospice, asile, _m._ Lunatic —; _maison d’aliénés_, _petite-maison_, _maison de santé_, _f._ =as´ymptote= (a-ci-m’tôte), _n._, (geom.) asymptote, _f._ =asymptot´ical=, _adj._, asymptotique. =at=, _prep._, à, dans; en; après. — peace; _en paix_. — war; _en guerre_. They are all — me; _ils sont tous après moi_. To be hard — it; _travailler ferme_. — home; _chez soi_, _à la maison_. — ...’s; _chez ..._ — my brother’s; _chez mon frère_. — London; _à Londres_. — a bound; _d’un bond_, _d’un trait_. — his request; _sur sa demande_. To be — anything; _être occupé_ =à= _quelque chose_. What are you —? _que diable faites vous?_ =at´aghan= (-ga’n), _n._, yatagan, _m._ =at´araxy=, _n._, (ant.) ataraxie, _f._ =atax´ia= _ou_ =at´axy=, _n._, (ant.) ataxie, _f._ =atax´ic=, _adj._, ataxique. =Athana´sian= (ath-a-né-shia’n), _adj._, de Saint Athanase. — creed; _symbole de Saint Athanase_, _m._ =a´theism= (é-thi-iz’me), _n._, athéisme, _m._ =a´theist= (é-thi-iste), _n._, athée, _m._ =a´theist=, =atheist´ic=, _ou_ =atheist´cal=, _adj._, athée, d’athée. =atheist´ically=, _adv._, en athée. =Athenæ´um= _ou_ =Athene´um= (ath-i-nî-eume), _n._ (_Athenæa_, _-nea_) Athénée, _m._ =Athe´nian= (a-thî-ni-a’n), _adj._, Athénien. =Athe´nian=, _n._, Athénien, _m._, Athénienne, _f._ =athirst´= (atheurste), _adj._, altéré, qui a soif. — for glory; _altéré de gloire_. =ath´lete= (ath-lîte), _n._, athlète, _m._ =athlet´ic= (ath-lè-tike), _adj._, athlétique, robuste, fort. =athwart´= (a-thwōrte), _adv._, de travers; à la traverse, en travers =de=. =athwart´=, _prep._, à travers; à l’encontre; (nav.) en travers =de=, par le travers. =atilt´=, _adv._, en jouteur, en champ clos; (of casks) debout. To run — against; _rompre une lance_ =avec=. =Atlante´an= _ou_ =Atlan´tian= (at-la-n-tia-n), _adj._, de l’Atlantide; d’Atlas. =Atlan´tes= (at-la-n-tize), _n.pl._, (arch.) atlante, _m._ =Atlan´tic=, _adj._, atlantique. =Atlan´tic=, (at-la-n-), _n._, Atlantique, _f._ =Atlan´tis=, _n._, Atlantide, _f._ =at´las=, _n._, (geog., anat.) atlas, _m._ =at´mosphere= (-fîre), _n._, atmosphère, _f._ =atmospher´ic= _ou_ =atmospher´ical= (-fè-), _adj._, atmosphérique. =at´om= (a-teume), _n._, atome, _m._ =atom´ic= _ou_ =atom´ical=, _adj._, atomique. =at´om-like= (-laïke), _adj._, comme un atome. =atone´=, _v.a._, expier; racheter. =atone´= (-tône), _v.n._, expier, apaiser. =atone´ment=, _n._, expiation, _f._ In — for his crimes; _en expiation de ses crimes_. =aton´er= (-neur), _n._, personne qui expie, expiateur, _f._ =aton´ic= (-to-nike), _adj._, atonique, (gram.) atone. =at´ony= (-to-ni), _n._, (med.) faiblesse, atonie, _f._ =atop´= (atope), _adv._, en haut, au sommet. =atrabila´rian= (-lé-ria-n) _ou_ =atrabil´ious= (-bil-i-eusse), _adj._, atrabilaire. =at´rabile=, _n._, (med.) atrabile, _f._ =atrament´al= (-mè-n-) _ou_ =atrament´ous= (mèn’-teusse), _adj._, noir comme de l’encre. =atrip´= (atripe), _adv._, (nav.) (of anchor) dérapé; (of top-sails) guindé. =atro´cious= (-trô-shieusse), _adj._, atroce. =atro´ciously=, _adv._, atrocement. =atro´ciousness=, _n._, atrocité, _f._ =atroc´ity= (atro-ci-), _n._, atrocité, _f._ =at´rophy= (-tro-), _n._, (med.) atrophie, consomption, _f._ =attach´= (at-tat’she), _v.a._, attacher =à=, lier =à=; arrêter; (jur.) mettre opposition =à=, contraindre par corps, saisir. =attach´able= (at-tat’shab’l), _adj._, (jur.) saisissable, contraignable par corps. =attaché´=, _n._ attaché, _m._ =attach´ment=, _n._, attachement, _m._; (jur.) opposition, contrainte, saisie, _f._ =attack´=, _n._, attaque, _f._; accès, _m._ =attack´=, _v.a._, attaquer. =attack´er= (-keur), _n._, attaquant, agresseur, _m._ =attain´= (at-té-n), _v.a._, atteindre, parvenir =à=, arriver =à=. =attain´able= (-nab’l), _adj._, qu’on peut atteindre, accessible. =attain´ableness=, _n._, possibilité d’atteindre, _f._ =attain´der= (-té-n-deur), _n._, atteinte, tache, souillure, (jur.) flétrissure; dégradation, mort civile, _f._ =attain´ment= (-té-n-), _n._, acquisition; portée; possession, connaissances, _f._; talent, _m._ =attaint´= (-té-nte), _n._, tache, flétrissure; (man.) atteinte; (jur.) inscription en faux, _f._ =attaint´=, _v.a._, atteindre, entacher; vicier, flétrir; frapper de mort civile; dégrader, déshonorer, accuser =de=, convaincre =de=; (ant.) déclarer faux (le verdict d’un jury). =attaint´ure= (-t-én-tioure), _n._, note d’infamie, flétrissure, _f._ =attempt´= (at-tè-m’te), _n._, essai, effort, _m._; entreprise, _f._; (jur.) attentat, _m._, tentative, _f._ An — on any one’s life; _un attentat contre la vie de quelqu’un_. First —; _coup d’essai_, _m._ =attempt´=, _v.a._, entreprendre =de=; essayer =de=, chercher =à=, tâcher =de=, vouloir; attenter =à=; (jur.) faire une tentative =de=. =attempt´able= (-tab’l), _adj._, attaquable; qui peut être essayé, tenté. =attempt´er= (-teur), _n._, personne qui essaye, _f._; (b.s.) agresseur, _m._ =attend´= (at-tè-n’de), _v.a._, faire attention =à=; s’occuper =de=; soigner (un malade); suivre (des leçons); écouter, accompagner; servir; attendre. To — the lectures on chemistry; _suivre le cours de chimie_. =attend´=, _v.n._, faire attention, écouter, prêter l’oreille; assister, être présent; servir; accompagner; observer; avoir égard =à=; veiller, vaquer =à=, avoir soin =de=; s’appliquer =à=. I shall —; _j’y serai_ ou _je m’y trouverai_. =attend´ance= (at-tè-n’da-nce), _n._, attention, _f._; service, _m._; assiduité; présence, _f._; soins (pour un malade), _m.pl._ To dance —; _faire antichambre_, _le pied de grue_; _croquer le marmot_. =attend´ant= (-da-n’te), _adj._, qui suit, qui accompagne; qui dépend =de=. =attend´ant=, _n._, assistant; compagnon, _m._, compagne, _f._; serviteur, domestique, _m._; personne de la suite, _f.pl._, escorte, suite, _f._, cortège, _m._ =atten´tion= (at-tè-n-), _n._, attention, _f._ To pay —; _faire attention_. To turn one’s — to; _s’occuper_ =de=. To call any one’s — to; _appeler l’attention_ =de= _quelqu’un_ =sur=; _faire remarquer_ =à=. —! _garde_ =à= _vous!_ To be all —s to; _être aux petits soins_ =avec= ou =pour=. =atten´tive=, _adj._, attentif =à=, soigneux =de=. =atten´tively=, _adv._, attentivement. =atten´tiveness=, _n._, attention, _f._ =atten´uant= (at-tè-niou-a-nte), _adj._ and _n._, atténuant. =atten´uate=, _v.a._, atténuer, amoindrir, diminuer, affaiblir; amincir, amaigrir. =atten´uated= (-tède), _adj._, atténué; diminué, amoindri, affaibli. =attenua´tion= (-niou-é-), _n._, atténuation, diminution, _f._; amoindrissement, _m._ =attest´= (at-tèste), _v.a._, attester; (to denote) témoigner =de=. =attesta´tion= (-tès-té-), _n._, attestation, _f._; témoignage, _m._ =attest´or= (-teur), _n._, personne qui atteste, _f._ =At´tic=, _adj._, attique. _n._, (dialect) attique, _m._ =at´tic=, _n._, (arch.) attique, _m._, mansarde, _f._, grenier, _m._ — window; _fenêtre en mansarde_, _f._ =At´ticism=, _n._, atticisme, _m._ =At´ticize= (at-ti-çaïze), _v.a._, donner une forme attique =à=. =At´ticize=, _v.n._, affecter l’atticisme. =attire´= (at-taïeur), _n._, vêtement, costume, _m._; parure, _f._, atours, _m.pl._ =attire´=, _v.a._, vêtir =de=, parer =de=, orner =de=. =atti´rer= (at-taïeureur), _n._, personne qui habille, qui pare, _f._ =at´titude= (at-ti-tioude), _n._, attitude, pose, _f._, air, _m._ =attitu´dinize=, _v.n._, poser; se donner des airs. =attor´ney= (at-teur-ni), _n._, procureur, avoué, fondé de pouvoir, _m._ Power of —; _procuration_, _f._; _pouvoir_, _m._ — general; _procureur général_. — at law; _avoué_, _notaire_, _m._ =attor´neyship=, _n._, charge d’avoué, de procureur, _f._ =attract´= (at-trakte), _v.a._, attirer. =attractabil´ity=, _n._, propriété d’être attiré, _f._ =attract´able=, _adj._, attirable. =attract´ile=, _adj._, attractif. =attract´ingly= (at-trac-tigne-li), _adv._, par attraction. =attrac´tion= (-trak-sheune), _n._, attraction, _f._; attrait, _m._ =attract´ive=, _adj._, attrayant; (drawing to) attractif. =attract´ively=, _adv._, d’une manière attrayante. =attract´iveness=, _n._, vertu attractive, _f._; attrait, charme, _m._ =attrib´utable= (-biou-t-ab’l), _adj._, attribuable, imputable. =at´tribute=, _n._, attribut, _m._; qualité, _f._ =attrib´ute= (-bioute), _v.a._, attribuer =à=, imputer =à=. =attribu´tion= (-biou-sheune), _n._, attribution, _f._; attribut, éloge, _m._ =attrib´utive=, _adj._, qui attribue; attributif. =attrib´utive=, _n._, (gram.) attributif, _m._ =attrite´= (at-traïte), _adj._, frotté; (theol.) attrit, pénétré d’attrition. =attrite´ness=, _n._, état de ce qui est usé par le frottement, _m._ =attri´tion= (at-tri-sheune), _n._, attrition, trituration, _f._; (theol.) attrition, _f._ =attune´= (at-tiou-ne), _v.a._, accorder, mettre à l’unison, au diapason. =au´burn= (ō-beurne), _adj._, châtain-clair. =auc´tion= (ōk-sheune), _n._, encan, _m._; enchère, criée, adjudication, _f._; enchères, _f.pl._; vente à l’encan, _f._ Sale by —; _vente aux enchères_, _à l’encan_. To sell by —; _vendre aux enchères_, _vendre à l’encan_, _vendre à la criée_. — mart; _hôtel_, _m._, ou _salles de ventes_, _f._ =auctioneer´= (ōk-sheunîre), _n._, commissaire-priseur, encanteur; (markets) crieur, _m._ =auctioneer´ing=, _adj._, qui vend aux enchères. =auda´cious= (ō-dé-shieusse), _adj._, audacieux. =auda´ciously=, _adv._, audacieusement. =auda´ciousness=, _n._, audace, _f._ =audac´ity= (ō-da-ci-), _n._, audace, _f._ =au´dible= (ō-dib’l), _adj._, qu’on peut entendre; perceptible; intelligible. He, _or_ it, was scarcely —; _on l’entendait à peine_. =au´dibleness=, _n._, faculté de produire un son, de se faire entendre, _f._ =au´dibly=, _adv._, de manière à être entendu; à haute et intelligible voix. =au´dience= (ō-di-è-nce), _n._, audience, assistance, assemblée, _f._; auditoire, _m._; les assistants, _m.pl._ =au´dience-cham´ber= (-tshé-m’beur), _n._, salle d’audience, _f._ =au´dit= (ō-dite), _n._, audition, vérification de comptes, _f._ — office; _cour des comptes_, _f._ =au´dit=, _v.a._, apurer, vérifier des comptes. =au´dit-house= (-haouce), _n._, sacristie. =au´ditor=, _n._, auditeur; vérificateur, _m._ =au´ditory=, _n._, auditoire, tribunal, _m._; assemblée, _f._ =au´ditory=, _adj._, auditif. =au´ditress=, _n._, femme qui écoute, _f._ She was the sole —; _elle seule composait l’auditoire_. =Auge´an= (ōdji-a-n), _adj._, d’Augias. The — stable; _l’écurie d’Augias_, _f._ =au´ger= (ō-gheur), _n._, (tech.) tarière, _f._ — bit; _mèche de tarière_, _f._ =aught= (ōte), _n._, quelque chose; quoi que ce soit; rien, tout. For — I know; _autant que je sache_; _à ma connaissance_. For — I care; _pour ce qui m’importe_. =augment´= (ōg-mè-n-te), _n._, accroissement; (gram.) augment, _m._ =augment´=, _v.a._, augmenter, accroître. =augment´=, _v.n._, augmenter, s’augmenter, s’accroître. =augmenta´tion= (ōg-mè-n-té-sheune), _n._, augmentation, _f._ =augment´ative= (ōg-mè-n-ta-), _adj._, augmentatif. =au´gur= (ōgheur), _n._, augure, devin, _m._ =au´gur=, _v.n._, augurer, présager. =au´gural= (-ghiou-), _adj._, augural. =augura´tion= (-ghiou-ré-sheune), _n._, (ant.) divination par les augures, _f._ =augu´rial= (-ghiou-), _adj._, des augures. =au´gurship= (-gheur-), _n._, charge d’augure, _f._ =au´gury= (-ghiou-), _n._, divination par les augures, _f._; augure, présage, _m._ Of good —; _de bon augure_. Of ill —; _de mauvais augure_. =au´gust=, _adj._, auguste. =Au´gust= (-gheuste), (month of) _n._, août, _m._ =Augus´tan= (-gheusta-n), _adj._, d’Auguste. — confession; _confession d’Augsbourg_, _f._ =Augus´tin= (-gheusti-ne), _n._, augustin, _m._ =august´ness=, _n._, caractère auguste, _m._; majesté, _f._ =auk=, _n._, alque, pingouin, _m._ =au´lic=, _adj._, aulique. =aunt= (ān-n-t), _n._, tante, _f._ Great —; _grand-tante_. =au´ra=, _n._, exhalaison, _f._ =au´ral=, _adj._, de l’air; de l’oreille. — surgeon; _auriste_, _m._ =au´rated= (-ré-tede), =au´riate=, _adj._, qui ressemble à l’or; d’or, doré. =aure´lia= (-ré-), _n._, chrysalide, nymphe, _f._ =au´ricle= (-rik’l), _n._, auricule, _f._; pavillon de l’oreille, _m._; (of the heart) oreillette, _f._ =auric´ular=, _adj._, auriculaire. =auric´ularly=, _adv._, à l’oreille; secrètement. =aurif´erous= (-fĕ-reuss), _adj._, aurifère. =au´rist=, _n._, auriste, _m._ =Auro´ra=, _n._, aurore, _f._ — Borealis; _aurore boréale_. =auro´ral=, _adj._, d’aurore. =auscul´tate= (-keul-téte), _v.a._, (med.) ausculter. =ausculta´tion= (-keul-té-sheune), _n._, auscultation, _f._ =au´spice=, _n._, auspice, _m._ Under the —s of; _sous les auspices_ =de=. =auspi´cious= (-shieuese), _adj._, de bon augure, propice, favorable, heureux. =auspi´ciously=, _adv._, sous d’heureux auspices, favorablement. =auspi´ciousness=, _n._, aspect favorable, _m._, heureux auspices, _m.pl._ =aus´ter= (-teur), _n._, vent du midi, autan, _m._ =austere´= (-tîre), _adj._, austère, âpre, rigide. =austere´ly=, _adv._, austèrement. =austere´ness=, =auster´ity=, _n._, austérité; âpreté (of taste), _f._ =Aus´tin= (-ti’ne), _adj._, (friar) augustin. =aus´tral=, _adj._, austral. =Austra´lian= (-li-a’n), _adj._, australien. =Aus´trian=, _adj._, autrichien. =Aus´trian=, _n._, Autrichien, _m._, Autrichienne, _f._ =authen´tic= _ou_ =authen´tical= (-thè’n’), _adj._, authentique. =authen´tically=, _adv._, authentiquement. =authen´ticate=, _v.a._, constater; légaliser; établir l’authenticité =de=. =authentica´tion=, _n._, authenticité; (jur.) légalisation, _f._ =authentic´ity=, _n._, authenticité, _f._ =au´thor= (-thor), _n._, auteur, _m._; (fig.) cause. _f._ =au´thoress=, _n._, auteur, _m._; femme auteur, _f._ =author´itative= (-tho-), _adj._, d’autorité; revêtu d’autorité, impérieux. =author´itatively=, _adv._, avec autorité. =author´itativeness=, _n._, autorité, _f._; air _ou_ ton d’autorité, _m._ =author´ity=, _n._, autorité, _f._; pouvoir, _m._ To have from good —; _tenir de bonne source_. =authoriza´tion= (-zé-), _n._, autorisation, _f._ =au´thorize= (-raï-ze), _v.a._, autoriser. =au´thorship=, _n._, profession d’auteur, qualité d’auteur; (fam.) paternité, _f._ The — is unknown; _l’auteur est inconnu_. To own the — of; _avouer qu’on est l’auteur_ =de=. =autobiog´rapher=, _n._, autobiographe. =autobiograph´ical=, _adj._, autobiographique. =autobiog´raphy=, _n._, autobiographie, _f._ =autoc´racy=, _n._, autocratie, _f._ =au´tocrat=, _n._, autocrate, _m._ =autocrat´ic= _ou_ =autocrat´ical=, _adj._, autocratique. =au´to-da-fe´=, _n._, autodafé, _m._ =au´tograph=, _n._, autographe, _m._ =au´tograph=, _v.a._, autographier. =autograph´ic= _ou_ =autograph´ical=, _adj._, autographe, autographique. =autog´raphy=, _n._, autographie, _f._ =automat´ic= _ou_ =automat´ical=, _adj._, automatique. =autom´aton= (-to’n), _n._, (_automata_, _automatons_) automate, _m._ =autom´atous= (-teusse), _adj._, (ant.) automatique. =au´topsy=, _n._, autopsie, _f._ =au´tumn= (-teume), _n._, automne, _m.f._ =autum´nal= (-teum-nal), _adj._, automnal, d’automne. =autum´nal=, _n._, plante automnale, _f._ =auxil´iary=, _adj._, _n._, auxiliaire, _m._ =avail´=, _n._, avantage, service, _m._; utilité, _f._ To be of no —; _ne servir_ =de= _rien_, _ne servir_ =à= _rien_. Of what — is it? _à quoi sert_ =de=? _que sert_ =de=? =avail´=, _v.n._, servir. That —s nothing; _cela ne sert_ =à= _rien_. =avail´=, _v.a._, profiter =à=, servir =à=. To — one’s self of; _profiter_ =de=, _se prévaloir_ =de=. =avail´able= (-lab’l), _adj._, utile, profitable; disponible. =avail´ableness=, _n._, utilité; efficacité, validité, _f._ =avail´ably=, _adv._, utilement, avec profit. =av´alanche= _ou_ =av´alange=, _n._, avalanche, _f._ =av´arice=, _n._, avarice, _f._ =avari´cious= (-shieusse), _adj._, avare, avaricieux. =avari´ciously=, _adv._, avec avarice, avaricieusement. =avari´ciousness=, _n._, avarice, _f._ =avast´=, _int._, (nav.) tiens bon; baste! =avaunt´=, _int._, loin d’ici! arrière! loin de moi! =a´ve=, _n._, avé, _m._ — Maria; _avé Maria_, _m._ =avena´ceous=, _adj._, avénacé. =av´enage= (-nédje), _n._, avénage, _m._ =avenge´= (-vè’n’dje), _v.a._, venger. To — one’s self; _se venger_ =de=. =aven´ger= (-vè’n’djeur), _n._, vengeur, _m._; vengeresse, _f._ =aven´geress=, _n._, vengeresse, _f._ =aven´ging=, _adj._, vengeur. =av´ens=, _n._, (bot.) benoîte, _f._ =av´enue= (-vi-niou), _n._, avenue, _f._ =aver´= (-veur), _v.a._, affirmer, avérer; assurer, certifier. =av´erage= (-édje), _n._, moyenne, _f._, prix moyen; terme moyen, _m._; mercuriale (des grains); (com., nav.) avarie, _f._ Petty —s; _menues avaries_. General —s; _avaries communes_. Weekly —s; (of corn) _mercuriale hebdomadaire_. Statement of —s; _règlement d’avaries_, _m._ Free of —; _franc d’avarie_. On an —; _en moyenne_, _l’un dans l’autre_. To make good an —; _indemniser d’une avarie_. To state the —s; _régler les avaries_. Above the —; _au-dessus du commun_. =av´erage=, _adj._, commun; moyen. — prices of corn; _mercuriale_, _f._ =av´erage=, _v.a._, calculer, prendre le terme moyen =de=, prendre la moyenne =de=. =av´erage=, _v.n._, revenir en moyenne =à=, donner une moyenne =de=. =aver´ment= (-veur-mè-nte), _n._, affirmation, déclaration formelle, _f._ =averse´= (-veurse), _adj._, opposé =à=, défavorable =à=, éloigné =de=, qui a de l’éloignement =pour=, ennemi =de=. To be — to; _avoir de l’éloignement_ =pour=, _avoir de l’aversion_ =pour=, _être peu disposé_ =à=. =averse´ly=, _adv._, à regret, à contre-cœur. =averse´ness=, _n._, répugnance, aversion, _f._; éloignement, _m._ =aver´sion=, _n._, aversion, _f._; éloignement, _m._ To take an — to; _prendre en aversion_. That man is my pet —; _cet homme est ma bête noire_. =avert´=, _v.a._, détourner =de=, éloigner =de=, écarter =de=; préserver =de=. =avert´= (-veurte), _v.n._, se détourner. =a´viary=, _n._, volière, _f._ =avid´ity=, _n._, avidité, _f._ =avoca´tion= (-vo-ké-sheune), _n._, métier, _m._; occupation; distraction, _f._ =avoid´= (-voïde), _v.a._, éviter, fuir; (ant.) annuler. =avoid´=, _v.n._, se retirer, s’esquiver. =avoid´able=, _adj._, qu’on peut éviter, évitable; (jur.) résoluble. =avoid´ance=, _n._, action d’éviter; vacance, annulation, _f._; écoulement, _m._ =avoid´less= (-voïd’), _adj._, inévitable, inéluctable. =avoirdupois´=, _n._, (com.) avoir du poids, _m._ =avouch´= (-va-outshe), _v.a._, affirmer, déclarer. =avouch´ment=, _n._, (ant.) déclaration, _f._ =avow´= (-va-ou), _v.a._, avouer, confesser, déclarer, maintenir. =avow´able=, _adj._, avouable. =avow´al=, _n._, aveu, _m._ =avow´edly=, _adv._, de son propre aveu; ouvertement. =avow´er=, _n._, personne qui avoue, _f._ =avow´ry=, _n._, (jur.) aveu, _m._ =avul´sion= (-veul-sheune), _n._, avulsion, _f._, arrachement, _m._ =awaft´=, _adv._, (nav.) en berne. =await´=, _v.a._, attendre. =awake´= (-wéke), _v.a._, éveiller, réveiller. =awake´=, _v.n._, s’éveiller, se réveiller; (fig.) revenir =de=. =awake´=, _adj._, éveillé, vigilant. =awa´ken=, _v.a._, éveiller, réveiller. =awa´kened=, _adj._, éveillé. =awa´kener=, _n._, réveilleur, -euse, _m.f._ =awa´kening= (-wékenigne), _n._, réveil, _m._ =awa´king=, _n._, réveil, _m._ =award´=, _v.a._, décerner, adjuger. =award´=, _v.n._, décréter, décider. =award´=, _n._, arrêt, décret, jugement, jugement arbitral, _m._, sentence, _f._ =aware´= (-wére), _adj._, qui sait; instruit. To be — of; _savoir_, _connaître_; _être instruit_ =de=, _s’apercevoir_ =de=. Not to be —; _ignorer_. Not that I am — of; _peu que je sache_. =away´= (-wé), _adv._, absent; loin, au loin, à distance. To go —; _s’en aller_. To fly —; _s’envoler_. To send —; _renvoyer_. To talk —; _parler toujours_. To take —; _enlever_. He is —; _il est absent_. =away´!= _int._, en avant! arrière! loin de moi! loin d’ici! — with you! _allez-vous-en!_ — with; _laissons là!_ Right —; _sans arrêt_, _sans interruption_. Right —; (rail.) _partez!_ _en route!_ =awe= (ō), _n._, terreur, crainte, _f._; effroi; respect, _m._ To fill with —; _remplir de terreur_. To strike with —; _frapper de terreur_. To stand in — of; _craindre_, _redouter_. To keep in —; _tenir en_, ou _dans_, _le respect_; _tenir en haleine_. =awe=, _v.a._, inspirer du respect =à=; tenir en respect; imprimer la terreur =à=; imposer =à=. =aweath´er= (-wé_th_eur), _adv._, (nav.) au vent. =aweigh´= (a-wé), _adv._, (nav.) (of anchor) pendant. =awe´-struck= (ō-streuke), _adj._, frappé de terreur; saisi de respect. =aw´ful=, _adj._, terrible; solennel, redoutable; imposant. =aw´fully=, _adv._, horriblement; terriblement; avec respect; (triv.) excessivement. =aw´fulness=, _n._, crainte, terreur, horreur, _f._; caractère terrible, _m._, solennité, _f._ =awhile´= (-waïle), _adv._, pendant quelque temps; un instant, un peu. Wait —; _attendez un peu_, _un instant_. =awk´ward= (ōk-weurde), _adj._, maladroit, gauche, embarrassant, malencontreux, fâcheux. =awk´wardly=, _adv._, gauchement, maladroitement, d’une manière embarrassante. =awk´wardness=, _n._, gaucherie, maladresse, _f._; embarras, _m._ =awl= (ōl), _n._, alêne, _f._; poinçon, _m._ — maker; _alénier_. =aw´less=, _adj._, sans crainte; courageux, intrépide; impudent, effronté. =awl´-shaped= (-shépte), _adj._, en alêne; subulé. =awn=, _n._, (bot.) barbe, arête, _f._ =awned´=, _adj._, épié, monté en épi, barbu, à barbes. =aw´ning=, _n._, tente, banne, bâche, _f._ =awry´=, _adv._, de travers, de côté. =ax= _ou_ =axe=, _n._, hache, cognée, _f._ — case; _porte-hache_, _m._ =ax´il= _ou_ =axil´la=, _n._, (anat., bot.) aisselle, _f._ =ax´illary=, _adj._, axillaire. =ax´iom=, _n._, axiome, _m._ =axiomat´ic= _ou_ =axiomat´ical=, _adj._, d’axiome. =ax´is=, _n._, (axes) axe, _m._ =ax´le= _ou_ =ax´le-tree= (ax’l-trî), _n._, essieu, _m._ — box; _boîte d’essieu_, _f._ — grease; _vieux oing_, _m._ — guard; _garde-essieu_, _m._ =ay= _ou_ =aye=, _adv._, oui; bien plus; et qui plus est; (nav.) bon quart! =aye=, _adv._ For —; _à jamais_, _pour toujours_. =aye=, _n._, (_ayes_) affirmation, _f._, oui; (ayes) voix pour, _f._ =az´arole=, _n._, (bot.) azerole, _f._ =az´imuth=, _n._, (astron.) azimut, _m._ =azote´=, _n._, (chem.) azote, _m._ =azot´ic=, _adj._, azotique. =a´zure= (a-jiour _or_ é-), _adj._, d’azur. =a´zure=, _n._, azur, _m._ =a´zure=, _v.a._, azurer. =a´zured= (a-jiour’de _or_ é-), _adj._, azuré. =a´zure-stone= (-stône), _n._, pierre d’azur, _f._; lapis lazuli, _m._ =a´zurite= (a-jiouraïte _or_ é-), _n._, (min.) lazulite, _f._ =az´yme=, _n._, (ant.) pain azyme, _m._ =az´ymites= (-maït’se), _n.pl._, azymites, _m._ =az´ymous= (-meusse), _adj._, azyme. B =b=, _n._, seconde lettre de l’alphabet, b, _m._; (mus.) si, _m._ — natural; _si bécarre_. — flat; _si bémol_. =B.A.=, bachelier-ès-lettres, ès-arts. =baa= (bâ), _v.n._, bêler. =baa=, _n._, bêlement, _m._ =Baal=, _n._, Baal, _m._ =bab´ble=, _v.n._, babiller; gazouiller, jaser; (fig.) (of a stream) murmurer, babiller. =bab´ble=, _n._, babil, caquet; (fig.) murmure, _m._; jaserie, _f._ =bab´bler=, _n._, babillard, _m._, babillarde, _f._; bavard. =bab´bling=, _n._, babil, babillage, bavardage, caquetage, _m._ =bab´bling=, _adj._, babillard. =babe= (bébe), _n._, enfant nouveau-né, petit enfant, poupon, _m._, pouponne, _f._ =Ba´bel= (bé-), _n._, Babel, _f._ =bab´ery= (bé-biri), _n._, babiole, _f._, joujou, _m._ =ba´bishly=, _adv._, (ant.) en enfant. =baboon´= (ba-boune), _n._, babouin, _m._ =ba´by= (bé-bi), _n._, enfant nouveau-né, petit enfant, poupon, bébé, _m._, pouponne, poupée, _f._ — linen; _layette_, _f._ =ba´byhood= (bé-bi-houde), _n._, bas âge, _m._, enfance, _f._ =ba´byish= (bé-bi-ish), _adj._, enfantin, de petit enfant. =Babylo´nian= _ou_ =Babylo´nish=, _adj._, babylonien; de Babel. =Babylo´nian=, _n._, Babylonien, _m._, Babylonienne, _f._; (ant.) astrologue, _m._ =baccalau´reate=, _n._, baccalauréat, _m._ =bac´carat=, _n._, baccarat, _m._ =bac´chanal= (bak-ka-), _ou_ =bacchana´lian= (bak-ka-na-lia’n), _n._, ivrogne, débauché, _m._, ivrognesse, _f._ =bacchana´lia= _ou_ =bac´chanals=, _n.pl._, bacchanales, _f.pl._ =bacchana´lian=, _adj._, bachique. =bac´chanals=, _n.pl._ _V._ =bacchana´lia=. =bacchant´=, _n._, prêtre de Bacchus, _m._ =bacchan´te=, _n._, bacchante, _f._ =bac´chic= (bak-kik) _ou_ =bac´chical= (-kikal), _adj._, bachique. =baccif´erous= (bak-si-feuresse), _adj._, baccifère. =bach´elor= (bat’sheu-leur), _n._, célibataire, garçon; (of arts) bachelier, _m._ — of arts, of science; _bachelier ès arts_, _ès sciences_, _m._ — of medicine, of laws, of divinity; _bachelier en médecine_, _en droit_, _en théologie_. —’s degree; _grade de bachelier_, _m._ =bach´elorship=, _n._, célibat; (of arts) baccalauréat, _m._ =back=, _adv._, en arrière; de retour, rentre. To call —; _rappeler_. To come —; _revenir_. To give —; _rendre_. To send —; _renvoyer_. To go —; _retourner_. To come —; _revenir_. To ask —; _redemander_. To be —; _être de retour_. A few years —; _il y a de cela quelques années_. =back=, _n._, dos; derrière, _m._; reins, _m.pl._; (of a hill, embankment) revers, _m._; (of hares, etc.) râble, _m._ — of a chair; _dos_, _dossier de chaise_, _m._ — of the head; _derrière de la tête_. — of the stage; _fond du théâtre_, _m._ — of a chimney; _fond de cheminée_, _m._ — of a house; _derrière d’une maison_. — to —; _dos à dos_. Behind one’s —; _derrière le dos_. To break any one’s —; _casser les reins à quelqu’un_. To turn one’s — on any one; _tourner le dos à quelqu’un_. At the — of; _au dos_ =de=; _derrière_. To fall on one’s —; _tomber à la renverse_. When his — is turned; _quand il a le dos tourné_. =back=, _v.a._, faire reculer; soutenir, appuyer; (bet) parier =pour=; (nav.) coiffer; (anchors) empenneler; viser (a warrant); (com. bills) endosser. =back=, _v.n._, reculer; (nav.) nager à culer. To — out of; _se dédire_; _reculer_ =devant=; _se tirer_ =de=; _tirer son épingle du jeu_. =back´bite= (-baïte), _v.a._, médire =de=; calomnier. =back´biter= (-baïteur), _n._, médisant, détracteur, calomniateur, _m._ =back´biting= (-baïtigne), _n._, médisance, calomnie, détraction, _f._ =back´bitingly=, _adv._, avec médisance. =back´board= (-bôrde), _n._, (nav.) dossier, _m._ =back´bone= (-bône), _n._, épine du dos, _f._ To the —; _jusqu’à la moelle des os_. To have no —; _n’avoir pas de force de caractère_; _manquer de décision_. =back´-building=, _n._, arrière corps de bâtiment, _m._ =back´door= (-dore), _n._, porte de derrière, _f._ =backed´= (bak’te), _adj._, à dos; à dossier (com.); (of bills) endossé. =back´er=, _n._, partisan, second; parieur pour, _m._ =back´gammon= (-gam-meune), _n._, trictrac, _m._ =back´-garden=, _n._, jardin de derrière, _m._ =back´ground= (-gra-ou’n’de), _n._, terrain de derrière; fond; (paint.) arrière-plan, fond, _m._ =back´-handed= (-ha-ndède), _adj._, donné avec le revers de la main. =back´-handed=, _adv._, avec le revers de la main. =back´-kitchen=, _n._, arrière-cuisine, _f._ =back´-parlor=, _n._, petit salon de derrière, _m._, arrière-salle, _f._ (V. Hugo). =back´-pedal=, _v.n._, contrepédaler. =back´room= (-roume), _n._, chambre de derrière, _f._ =back´-shop=, _n._, arrière-boutique, _f._ =back´side= (-saïde), _n._, derrière, _m._ =back´sight= (-saïte), _n._, (of firearms) hausse, _f._ =backslide´= (-slaïde), _v.n._, apostasier, retomber. =backsli´der= (-deur), _n._, apostat; renégat; transgresseur; relaps, _m._ =backsli´ding= (-digne), _n._, infidélité, tergiversation, faute, rechute, _f._ =back´-slums=, _n.pl._, bas quartiers, _m.pl._ =back´stair=, _adj._ — influence; _intrigue de cour_, _f._ =back´stairs= (-stèrze), _n._, escalier dérobé, _m._ =back´-stroke=, _n._, coup de revers, _m._; (at games) bricole; (fig.) coup de patte, _f._; contre-coup, _m._ =back´sword= (-sōrde), _n._, sabre, _m._ =back´-train=, _n._, train de retour, _m._ =back´ward= (-worde) _ou_ =back´wards=, _adj._, arriéré, en retard, en arrière; lent, tardif, peu empressé. To be —; (of studies) _être fort peu avancé_; _ne pas savoir grand’chose_. =back´ward=, _adv._, à reculons; à la renverse; à rebours; en arrière. To fall —; _tomber à la renverse_. To walk — and forward; _se promener de long en large_. — and forward motion; _mouvement de va et vient_. =backwarda´tion=, _n._, déport, _m._ =back´wardly=, _adv._, en arrière, à contre-cœur. =back´wardness= (-nèsse), _n._, état arriéré, manque de progrès, _m._; répugnance, lenteur, _f._ =back´wards= (-wordze), _adv._ _V._ =backward=. =back´wood= (-woude), _n._, arrière-bois, _m._ =back´woods=, _n._, terres incultes, _f.pl._ In the —; _dans le fin fond des bois_. =back´woodsman=, _n._, habitant des bois, _m._ =back´-yard=, _n._, arrière-cour, cour de derrière, _f._ =ba´con= (be-k’n), _n._, lard, _m._ Rasher of —; _tranche de lard_; _barde_, _f._ Flitch of —; _flèche de lard_, _f._ To save one’s —; _sauver sa peau_; _se tirer d’affaire_. =Baco´nian=, _adj._, baconien, de Bacon. =Bac´trian=, _adj._, bactrien, -ne. =bac´ule= (bakioule), _n._, (fort.) herse, _f._ =bad= (bade), _adj._, méchant; mauvais; (of health) malade. That is too —; _c’est trop fort_ or _c’est par trop fort_. — money; _fausse monnaie_, _f._ — cold; _gros rhume_, _m._ — is the best; _le meilleur n’en vaut rien_. It is very — of you; _c’est très mal à vous_. To have a — finger, hand, etc.; _avoir mal au doigt_, etc. =badge=, _n._, plaque, marque, _f._; signe, symbole; (on the arm) brassard; insigne, _m._ =badge=, _v.a._, marquer d’une plaque. =badge´less= (-lèsse), _adj._, sans plaque; sans marque. =bad´ger= (-jeur), _n._, blaireau, _m._ =bad´ger-legged= (-lèg’de), _adj._, à jambes de blaireau. =bad´ly=, _adv._, mal; grandement, fort, beaucoup, bien. — dressed; _mal mis_. To want —; _avoir grandement besoin_, ou _bien besoin_, =de=. To be — off; _être dans la gêne_. =bad´ness= (-nèsse), _n._, méchanceté; mauvaise qualité, _f._; mauvais état, _m._ =baf´fle= (baf-f’l), _v.a._, confondre, déjouer; bafouer; dérouter, dépister, rendre inutile. =baf´fler= (-fl’eur), _n._, qui déjoue. =bag=, _n._, sac, cabas, _m._; bourse (for the hair); (of animals) outre, poche, _f._; (letters) courier, _m._ Carpet-—; _sac de nuit_, _m._ To pack up — and baggage; _plier bagage_. With — and baggage; _avec armes et bagage_. — man; _commis-voyageur_, _m._ — wig; _perruque à bourse_, _f._ =bag=, _v.a._, ensacher, mettre en sac; gonfler comme un sac; (at billiards) blouser; (of game) tuer; (to steal) voler, chiper. =bag=, _v.n._, faire le sac; être gonflé; bouffer. =bagatelle´=, _n._, bagatelle, _f._, joujou; billard de dame, _m._ — board; _billard-bagatelle_, _m._ =bag´ful= (-foule), _n._, sachée, _f._, sac plein, _m._ =bag´gage= (baghé’dje), _n._, bagage, _m._; (jest.) coquine, prostituée, _f._ Saucy —; _impertinente_, _péronnelle_, _f._ =bag´ging= (baghigne), _n._, toile à sac, _f._ =bagn´io= (ba-niô), _n._, maison de bains; maison de débauche; prison, _f._; quartier des esclaves, _m._ =bag´pipe= (-païpe), _n._, cornemuse, musette, _f._ =bag´pipe=, _v.a._, (nav.) masquer, coiffer. =bag´piper= (-païpeur), _n._, joueur de cornemuse, _m._ =baguette´= (baghète), _n._, (arch.) baguette, _f._ =bah=, _int._, bah. =bail= (béle), _n._, caution, _f._; cautionnement, _m._ On —; _sous caution_. To put in — for; _fournir caution_ =pour=. =bail=, _v.a._, cautionner. =bai´lable= (bélab’l), _adj._, recevable à caution, qui admet le cautionnement. =bail-bond= (-bo’nde), _n._, cautionnement, _m._ =bailee´= (bél-i), _n._, dépositaire, _m.f._ =bail´er= _ou_ =bail´or= (bél-eur), _n._, déposant, _m._; caution, _f._ =bail´iff= (bé-life), _n._, huissier; (_Chan. Isl._) chef-magistrat, _m._ Farm —; _régisseur_, _m._ —’s man; _recors_, _m._ =bail´ing=, _n._, cautionnement, _m._ =bai´liwick= (bél’i-wike), _n._, bailliage, _m._ =bail´ment=, _n._, dépôt, nantissement, gage, _m._ =bait=, _v.a._, (of horses) rafraîchir; (hook) amorcer; (of bulls, etc.) faire combattre; (of persons) harceler, tourmenter. =bait= (béte), _v.n._, (on a journey) se rafraîchir. =bait=, _n._, amorce, _f._; appât, _m._ White-—; _able_, _m._, _ablette_, _clupée blanche_, _blanchaille_, _f._ To take, _ou_ swallow, the —; _mordre à l’hameçon_. =bait´ing= (-tigne), _n._, amorçage, rafraîchissement, combat, _m._ Bull-—; _combat de taureaux_, _m._ =baize= (béze), _n._, drap de billard, _m._, serge; espagnolette, _f._ =bake= (béke), _v.a._, _v.n._, cuire au four, faire du pain; boulanger; se dessécher. =bake´house= (-haouce), _n._, fournil, _m._, boulangerie, _f._ =ba´ker= (bék-eur), _n._, boulanger, _m._, -ère, _f._ —’s shop, —’s trade; _boulangerie_, _f._ —’s man; _mitron_, _m._ =ba´ker-legged= (-lèg’de), _adj._, bancal. =ba´kery= (bék-euri), _n._, boulangerie, _f._ =ba´king= (bék’igne), _n._, cuisson; (batch) fournée, cuite, _f._ =bal´ance= (-la’nce), _n._, balance, _f._; équilibre, contrepoids; (horl.) balancier, _m._ — of an account; _reliquat de compte_, _m._ — of power; _balance politique_. To turn the —; _faire pencher la balance_. To lose one’s —; _perdre l’équilibre_. To strike a —; (com.) _établir une balance_. =bal´ance=, _v.a._, balancer; tenir, maintenir en équilibre, équilibrer, pondérer; arrêter, balancer. =bal´ance=, _v.n._, se balancer; (fig.) balancer, hésiter. =bal´ance-beam= (-bîme), _n._, (tech.) balancier, _m._ =bal´ance-maker= (-mék-eur), _n._, fabricant de balances, _m._ =bal´ancer= (-ceur), _n._, personne qui balance, _f._; peseur, _m._ =bal´ance-sheet= (-shîte), _n._, (com.) balance, _f._; bilan, _m._ =bal´ance-weight= (-wéte), _n._, poids de balance; contrepoids, _m._ =bal´ancing= (-cigne), _n._, balancement, _m._ =bal´cony= (-kô-), _n._, balcon, _m._ =bald= (bōld), _adj._, chauve; (fig.) (of style) plat, sec, nu, découvert. =bal´dachin= (bōld’akine), _n._, baldaquin, _m._ =bal´derdash= (bōldeurdashe), _n._, galimatias; fatras, _m._ =bald´-head= (-hède), _n._, tête chauve, _f._ =bald´ly=, _adv._, nûment, platement, sèchement. =bald´ness= (-nèsse), _n._, calvitie; (fig.) platitude, nudité, sécheresse, _f._ =bald´pate= (-pète), _n._, tête chauve, _f._ =bald´pated= (-pétède), _adj._, à tête chauve. =bald´rick= _ou_ =bald´ric= (bōld’rike), _n._, baudrier, ceinturon, _m._; ceinture, _f._ =bale= (béle), _n._, (com.) balle, _f._, ballot, colis, _m._ =bale=, _v.a._, emballer; (nav.) vider l’eau avec l’écope, écoper. =Balea´ric= (-li-), _adj._, des îles Baléares. =bale´ful= (bélefoule), _adj._, malheureux, sinistre, funeste, triste. =bale´fully=, _adv._, funestement, nuisiblement. =bale´fulness=, _n._, nature funeste, nuisible, pernicieuse, _f._ =balk= (bōke), _n._, désappointement, contretemps, mécompte, (of land) entre-deux, _m._; (of timber) bille, poutre, _f._ =balk=, _v.a._, frustrer; entraver, contrarier, désappointer; déjouer. =ball= (bōl), _n._, boule; (of snow) boule, pelote; (of a musket) balle, _f._; (of cannon) boulet, _m._; (at billiards) bille; (cook.) boulette, _f._; (for playing) balle, _f._ — of the eye; _globe_, _m._; _prunelle_, _pupille_, _f._ — lightning; _foudre globulaire_, _f._ — of thread; _peloton de fil_, _m._ — cartridge; _cartouche à balle_, _f._ — cock; _robinet-flotteur_, _m._ — practice; _tir à balle_, _m._ — proof; _à l’épreuve des balles_. =ball=, _v.n._, (of snow) se peloter. =ball=, _n._, bal, _m._ — dress; _costume de bal_, _m._ — room; _salle_, _f._, (ou _salon_, _m._) _de bal_. Fancy —; _bal costumé_. =bal´lad= (bal-lade), _n._, ballade; romance, _f._ — opera; _vaudeville_, _m._ =bal´lad=, _v.n._, chanter des ballades; faire des ballades. =bal´lad-maker= (-mék-eur), _n._, faiseur de ballades, _m._ =bal´lad-monger= (-meugn’gheur), _n._, marchand de ballades, _m._ =bal´lad-singer=, _n._, chanteur des rues, _m._ =bal´lad-writer= (-raïteur), _n._, auteur de ballades, chansonnier, _m._ =bal´last= (bal-laste), _n._, (nav.) lest, _m._; (railways) ballast, _m._ — pit; _ballastière_, _f._ In —; _sur lest_. =bal´last=, _v.a._, (nav.) lester; empierrer, ensabler. =bal´laster=, _n._, terrassier, _m._ =bal´lasting= (-tigne), _n._, (engineering) ensablement, empierrement; (nav.) lestage, _m._ =bal´last-heaver=, _n._, délesteur, _m._ =bal´last-lighter= (-laï-teur), _n._, bateau lesteur, _m._ =bal´last-train=, _n._, train de ballast, _m._ =bal´let= (bal-lè), _n._, ballet, _m._ — girl; _danseuse_, _f._ =bal´let-master= (-mâs-teur), _n._, directeur des ballets, _m._ =ball´ing= (bōl-ligne), _n._, (metal.) ballage, réchauffage, _m._ =ballis´ta=, =balis´ta= (bal-lis-), _n._, baliste, _f._ =ballis´tics= (bal-lis-tikse), _n.pl._, balistique, _f.sing._ =balloon´= (ba-loune), _n._, ballon, aérostat, _m._ =bal´lot= (bal-lote), _n._, boule, _f._; bulletin, _m._ By —; _au scrutin secret_. First —; _premier tour de scrutin_, _m._ Second —; _second tour de scrutin_, _m._ =bal´lot=, _v.n._, voter au scrutin. =bal´lot-box=, _n._, urne du scrutin, _f._ =bal´loting= (-tigne), _n._, scrutin; vote au scrutin, _m._ =bal´lot-paper=, _n._, bulletin de scrutin, _m._ =balm= (bâme), _n._, baume, _m._; (bot.) mélisse, _f._ =balm=, _v.a._, parfumer; servir de baume =à=. =balm´-mint= (-mi-n’te), _n._, mélisse, citronnelle, _f._ =balm´y= (bâm’i), _adj._, balsamique; embaumé, parfumé, doux; (pop. and jest.) ivre, pris de vin. =bal´neary= (-ni-), _n._, (ant.) salle de bain, _f._ =balnea´tion= (-ni-é-), _n._, (ant.) action de baigner, _f._ =bal´neatory= (-ni-a-to-), _adj._, de bain. =bal´sam= (bōl-çame), _n._, baume, _m._; balsamine, _f._ =balsam´ic= (bal-), _n._, balsamique, _m._ =balsam´ic= _ou_ =balsam´ical=, _adj._, balsamique. =bal´samine= (bōl-ça-), _n._, balsamine, _f._ =bal´sam-tree= (-trî), _n._, balsamier, baumier, _m._ =bal´uster= (ba-leus-teur), _n._, rampe (of a stair-case), _f._; (arch.) balustre, _m._ =bal´ustered= (-teurde), _adj._, à balustre. =balustrade´= (-tréde), _n._, balustrade, _f._ =bamboo´= (ba-m’bou), _n._, bambou, _m._ =bamboo´zle= (-bou’z’l), _v.a._, embrouiller, tromper, mettre dedans, refaire, enjôler. =bamboo´zler= (-z’leur), _n._, embrouilleur, trompeur, enjôleur, _m._ =bamboo´zling=, _n._, enjôlement, _m._; duperie, _f._ =ban= (ba-n), _n._, ban, _m._; interdiction; malédiction. Under the —; _au ban_. =ban=, _v.a._, anathématiser, maudire. =ban=, _v.n._, proférer des malédictions. =bana´na= (ba-nâ-na), _n._, (bot.) banane, _f._ =bana´na-tree= (-trî), _n._, bananier, _m._ =ban´co= (bāgn-kô), _adj._, (com.) banco, de banque. =band= (ba-n’de), _n._, bande; musique, troupe, _f._; lien; ruban, _m._; (for the waist) ceinture; (of guns, etc.) capucine, _f._; (of priests) rabat, _m._ — master; _chef de musique_, _m._ — stand; _tribune de musiciens_, _f._ =band=, _v.a._, bander; liguer, réunir en troupe. =band=, _v.n._, se liguer. =band´age= (ba-n’dédje), _n._, bandeau; (surg.) bandage, _m._, bande, _f._ =band´age-maker= (-mék-eur), _n._, bandagiste, _m._ =bandan´a= _ou_ =bandan´na= (ba’n-), _n._, indienne, _f._ =band´box= (ba’nd’-), _n._, carton, _m._ =band´elet= _ou_ =band´let= (ba’nd’lète), _n._, bandelette, _f._ =ban´dit= (bān’dite), _n._, (_banditti_) bandit, _m._ =bandit´ti=, _n._, bandits, _m.pl._ =ban´dog= (ban’doghe), _n._, chien d’attache, _m._ =bandoleer´= (ban’do-lîre), _n._, bandoulière, _f._ =band´rol= (ban’drôle), _n._, banderole, _f._ =band´ster=, _n._, (agri.) botteleur, _m._ =band´y=, _v.a._, renvoyer (a ball); ballotter, échanger; se renvoyer. To — words; _faire assaut de paroles_; _se renvoyer des paroles_. =band´y=, _v.n._, se mesurer, rivaliser; se disputer. =band´y=, _adj._, tortu. — leg; _jambe tortue_, _f._ =band´ying=, _n._, dispute, rivalité, _f._ =band´y-legged= (-lèg’de), _adj._, bancal; (fam.) bancroche. =bane= (béne), _n._, poison; (fig.) fléau, _m._; ruine, _f._ =bane=, _v.a._, (l.u.) empoisonner. =bane´berry=, _n._, (bot.) herbe de saint Christophe, _f._ =bane´ful= (-foule), _adj._, empoisonné, vénéneux, funeste, mortel, nuisible. =bane´fully=, _adv._, nuisiblement, funestement, mortellement. =bane´fulness= (-nèsse), _n._, chose fatale, (fig.) action destructive, nature funeste, _f._ =bang= (bagne), _n._, coup, grand bruit, _m._ =bang=, _v.a._, rosser, étriller; pousser violemment. To — a door; _claquer une porte_; _pousser violemment une porte_. He went out —ing the door after him; _il sortit en claquant la porte_ (Daudet). =bang!= _int._, pan! paf! =bang´ing= (-ghigne), _n._, roulée, volée, _f._ =ban´gle=, _n._, porte-bonheur, _m._ =ban´ian= (ban’i-a-n), _n._, banian, _m._ — day; _jour maigre_, _m._ =ban´ian-tree= (-trî), _n._, figuier d’Adam, _m._ =ban´ish= (ban’ishe), _v.a._, bannir, exiler; proscrire; (fig.) (_to dismiss_) écarter. =ban´isher= (-sheur), _n._, prescripteur, _m._ =ban´ishment=, _n._, bannissement, exil, _m._, proscription, _f._ =ban´ister= (-teur), _n._ _V._ =baluster=. =bank= (bāgn’ke), _n._, terrasse, _f._, remblai, talus, _m._; berge; riv, _f._; rivage, bord; banc de sable, de gazon, _m._ =bank= (baign’ke), _v.a._, terrasser; encaisser. =bank=, _n._, (com.) banque, _f._ Branch —; _succursale de banque_, _f._ Savings-—; _caisse d’épargne_, _f._ Joint-stock —; _banque par actions_, ou _en commandite_. =bank=, _v.a._, déposer dans une banque; encaisser (_de l’argent_). =bank (with)=, _v.n._, avoir pour banquier. =bank´-account= (-ak-kaou’nte). _n._, compte de banque, _m._ =bank´-book= (-bouke), _n._, carnet de banque, _m._ =bank´-clerk= (-clârke), _n._, commis de banque, _m._ =bank´er= (-keur), _n._, banquier, _m._ =bank´er=, _n._, (nav.) terre-neuvier, _m._ =bank´-holiday=, _n._, fête légale, _f._ =bank´ing= (baign’k’igne), _n._, banque, _f._ — establishment; _établissement de banque_, _m._ =bank´-note= (-nôte), _n._, billet de banque, _m._ =bank´-porter= (-por-teur), _n._, garçon de banque, _m._ =bank´-post bill= (-pôste-), _n._, mandat de banque, _m._ =bank´rupt= (baign’k’reupte), _n._, banqueroutier, _m._, banqueroutière, _f._; failli, _m._, faillie, _f._ Fraudulent —; _banqueroutier frauduleux_. To be, to become, a —; _faire banqueroute_. To be adjudicated _ou_ adjudged a —; _être déclaré en faillite_. —’s certificate; _concordat_, _m._ =bank´rupt=, _adj._, en faillite, en banqueroute; (fig.) ruiné. =bank´rupt=, _v.a._, mettre en faillite, ruiner. =bank´ruptcy= (baign’k’reup’ci), _n._, banqueroute, faillite, _f._ Fraudulent —; _banqueroute frauduleuse_, _f._ Court of —; _cour des faillites_, _f._ =bank´-stock=, _n._, actions de banque, _f.pl._, consolidés, _m.pl._ =ban´ner= (ba’n’neur), _n._, bannière, _f._; étendard, _m._ =ban´nered= (ba’n’neurde), _adj._, portant des bannières, garni de bannières; pavoisé. =ban´neret= (ba’n’neurète), _n._, banneret, _m._ =ban´nerol= (ba’n’neurôle), _n._ _V._ =bandrol=. =ban´nock=, _n._, gâteau d’avoine, _m._ =banns= (ba’n’ze), _n.pl._, bans de mariage, _m._, publication de bans, _f._ =ban´quet= (baign’kwète), _n._, banquet, festin, _m._; (fort.) _V._ =banquette=. =ban´quet=, _v.a._, donner un banquet =à=. =ban´quet=, _v.n._, banqueter, festiner, faire festin. =ban´queter= (baign’kwèteur), _n._, amateur de banquets, _m._ =ban´queting= (-tigne), _n._, banquet, festin, _m._ =ban´queting-house= (-haouce), _n._, salle de banquet, _f._ =ban´queting-room= (-roume), _n._, salle de banquet, de festin, _f._ =banquette´= (bai’gn’kète), _n._, (fort.) banquette, _f._ =ban´ter= (ban’teur), _n._, plaisanterie, raillerie, _f._ =ban´ter=, _v.a._, plaisanter, railler. =ban´terer= (ban’teureur), _n._, railleur, _m._, railleuse, _f._ =ban´tering= (ba’n’teurigne), _n._, raillerie, _f._ =ban´tering=, _adj._, railleur. =ban´tling= (ba’n’tligne), _n._, poupon, bambin, marmot, _m._ =ban´yan=, _n._ _V._ =banian=. =bap´tism= (bap’tiz’m), _n._, baptême, _m._ Certificate of —; _extrait de baptême_, _m._ =baptis´mal= (bap’tiz-), _adj._, baptismal, de baptême. =bap´tist= (bap’tiste), _n._, anabaptiste, _m._ =bap´tistery= (bap-tis-teuri), _n._, baptistère, _m._ =baptist´ic= _ou_ =baptist´ical= (bap’tis-), _adj._, du baptême. =baptize´= (bap’taïze), _v.a._, baptiser. =baptiz´er= (bap-taïzeur), _n._, baptiseur, _m._, personne qui baptise, _f._ =bar=, _n._, barre, _f._; barreau, parquet; obstacle; (of public houses) comptoir; (jur.) banc des accusés _m._; (rod) tringle, _f._; (swingbar) palonnier, _m._; (of lace) bride; (of a bit) barre; (of medals) barrette; (mus.) mesure, _f._; (jur.) empêchement, _m._ Prisoner at the —; _accusé_, _m._ Stirrup —; _porte-étrivières_, _m._ — iron; _fer en barres_, _m._ To be called to the —; _être reçu avocat_. =bar=, _v.a._, barrer; exclure, empêcher =de=; (jur.) interrompre, exclure; interdire =à=; ôter; priver =de=. =barb=, _n._, barbe, _f._; pointe, dent (of a fish-hook, of an arrow), _f._ =barb=, _n._, cheval de Barbarie; barbe, _m._ =barb=, _v.a._, barder (a horse); garnir de pointes (an arrow); faire des dents à un hameçon, à une flèche. =bar´bacan= (bar-ba-ca’n), _n._, barbacane, _f._ =barba´rian= (bar-bé-ri-a’n), _adj._, barbare. =barba´rian=, _n._, barbare, _m.f._ =barbar´ic=, _adj._, barbare, des barbares. =bar´barism= (bâr-ba-), _n._, barbarie, _f._; (gram.) barbarisme, _m._ =barbar´ity=, _n._, barbarie, cruauté, _f._ =bar´barize= (bâr-ba-raïze), _v.a._, rendre barbare; barbariser. =bar´barous= (bâr-bareusse), _adj._, barbare. =bar´barousness= (-nèsse), _n._, barbarie, _f._ =bar´bary=, _n._, cheval barbe, _m._ =bar´bate= (bâr-béte) _ou_ =bar´bated= (bâr-bétède), _adj._, barbelé; (bot.) barbé, barbu. =bar´becue= (bâr-bi-kiou), _v.a._, faire cuire, _ou_ rôtir (un animal tout entier). =bar´becue=, _n._, animal rôti entier, _m._ =barbed= (bârb’de), _adj._, barbelé; bardé. — wire; _grillage à pointes de fer_, _fil de fer barbelé_, _m._ =barb´el= (bâr-b’l), _n._, (ich.) barbeau, _m._; (vet.) barbillons, _m.pl._ =barb´er= (bâr-beur), _n._, barbier, coiffeur, _m._ —’s block; _tête à perruque_, _f._ =barb´er-mon´ger= (-meugn’gheur), _n._, petit-maître, dandy, _m._ =bar´berry=, _n._, épine-vinette, _f._ =barb´er-sur´geon= (-seur’d’jeune), _n._, chirurgien-barbier, _m._ =bar´bican= (bâr-bi-ca-n), _n._ _V._ =barbacan=. =bar´bles= (bâr-b’lze), _n.pl._, (vet.) barbillons, _m.pl._ =bar´carolle=, _n._, barcarolle, _f._ =bard=, _n._, barde, troubadour, trouvère, _m._ =bard´ic=, _adj._, de barde. =bard´ish=, _adj._, de barde. =bard´ism=, _n._, science des bardes, _f._ =bare= (bére), _adj._, nu, découvert; tout juste; seul; simple; (fig.) dépourvu =de=. The — necessaries; _le strict nécessaire_, _m._ =bare=, _v.a._, découvrir; dépouiller =de=; mettre à nu; exposer; (of swords) tirer du fourreau. =bare´back=, _adv._, à dos nu; à nu; à poil. =bare´-bone=, _n._, corps décharné, squelette, _m._ =bare´boned= (-bôned), _adj._, décharné. =bare´boned=, _n._, cagot, cafard, _m._ =bare´faced= (-fés’te), _adj._, à visage découvert; effronté, éhonté, sans déguisement. =bare´facedly= (-fés’tli), _adv._, ouvertement; sans déguisement; effrontément. =bare´facedness= (-fés’t’nèsse), _n._, effronterie, _f._ =bare´foot= (-foute), _adj._, nu-pieds; pieds nus. =bare´gnawn= (-nōne), _adj._, rongé au vif. =bare´headed= (-hè-dède), _adj._, nu-tête, tête nue. =bare´legged= (-lèg’de), _adj._, nu-jambes. =bare´ly= (bér’li), _adv._, à peine; simplement; seulement; pauvrement, chétivement, tout juste. =bare´-necked=, _adj._, le cou nu; (of a woman) décolletée, la gorge nue. =bare´ness= (bér’nèsse), _n._, nudité; pauvreté, misère, _f._, dénûment, _m._ =bar´gain= (bâr-ghi-n), _n._, marché; accord, contrat, _m._, bonne affaire, occasion, _f._ To make a good —; _faire un bon marché_; _acheter quelque chose à bon marché_. Great —; _marché d’or_, _excellent marché_. To have a thing a great —; _avoir quelque chose pour rien_, _pour presque rien_, _à excellent compte_. It is a —; _tope là!_; _j’y consens_; _voilà qui est fait_; _c’est convenu_. It is no —; _marché nul_. To strike a —; _faire un marché_. Into the —; _par-dessus le marché_. To get the best of the —; _avoir la meilleure part_. To drive hard —s; _être serré en affaires_. To make the best of a bad —; _se tirer d’affaire le mieux possible_. =bar´gain=, _v.n._, marchander; faire marché, convenir =de=; faire affaire. I did not — for that; (fig.) _je ne comptais pas là-dessus_; _je ne m’attendais pas à cela_. You are always bargaining; _vous ne faites que marchander_. =bargainee´= (-ni), _n._, (jur.) acquéreur, _m._ =bar´gainer= (-neur), _n._, vendeur, _m._, personne qui marchande, _f._ =barge= (bârdje), _n._, barque, _f._; bateau, chaland, _m._; (nav.) canot de parade, _m._ =barge´man= (-mane), _n._, batelier, canotier, _m._ =barge´master= (-mâsteur), _n._, patron de barque, _m._ =barge´-owner=, _n._, propriétaire de chalands, _m.f._ =baril´la= (ba-ril’la), _n._, (bot., chem.) barille, soude, _f._ =bar´itone=, _n._, baryton, _m._ =bark= (bârke), _n._, écorce, _f._; (of tanners) tan; (pharm.) quinquina; (of a dog) aboiement, _m._ =bark=, _v.a._, écorcer, enlever l’écorce à un arbre; décortiquer. =bark=, _v.n._, (of dogs) aboyer. =bark= _ou_ =barque=, _n._, barque, _f._; trois-mâts, _m._ =bark´bared= (-bér’de), _adj._, écorcé. =barked= (bârk’te), _adj._, écorcé; (of limbs) écorché. =bark´er= (-keur), _n._, aboyeur; écorceur, _m._ =bark´ing= (bârk’igne), _n._, (of dogs) aboiement, _m._ =bark´ing=, _n._, (hort.) écorcement, _m._; décortication, _f._ — iron; _écorçoir_, _m._ =bark´less= (-lèsse), _adj._, sans écorce. =bark´-mill=, _n._, moulin à tan, _m._ =bark´y=, _adj._, d’écorce. =bar´ley= (bâr-li), _n._, orge, _f._ Peeled, hulled —; _orge mondé_, _m._ Pearl —; _orge perlé_, _m._ Malted —; (tech.) _orge maltée_, _f._ —-water; _eau d’orge_, _f._ —-sugar; _sucre d’orge_, _m._ =barm= (bârme), _n._, levure, _f._ =bar´maid= (-méde), _n._, fille, _ou_ demoiselle, de comptoir, _f._ =bar´man= (-mane), _n._, garçon de comptoir, _m._ =barm´y=, _adj._, qui contient de la levure. =barn= (bârne), _n._, grange, _f._ — door fowls; _oiseaux de basse-cour_, _m.pl._; volaille, _f._ — floor; _aire de grange_, _f._ =barn=, _v.a._, (ant.) engranger, mettre en grange. =bar´nacle= (bâr-na’k’l), _n._, (orni.) barnache, barnacle, _f._; (mol.) cirripède, _m._; (mol.) anatife, poussepieds, _m.pl._, (vet.) morailles, _f.pl._ =barom´eter= (-mi-teur), _n._, baromètre, _m._ =baromet´ric= _ou_ =baromet´rical= (-ro-mè-), _adj._, barométrique. =bar´on= (bar’eu’n), _n._, baron; (jur.) mari, _m._; (her.) armes mi-parties, _f.pl._ — of beef; (cook.) _aloyau-double_, _m._ =bar´onage= (bar’eu’n’adje), _n._, baronnage, _m._; baronnie; contribution prélevée sur les barons, _f._ =bar´oness= (bar’eun’èsse), _n._, baronne, _f._ =bar´onet= (bar’o’n’ète), _n._, baronnet, _m._ =bar´onetage= (bar’o-n’ètadje), _n._, corps des baronnets, _m._ =bar´onetcy= (bar’o-nèt’ci), _n._, dignité de baronnet, _f._ =baro´nial= (-rô-), _adj._, baronnial; de baron. =bar´ony=, _n._, baronnie, _f._ =barouche´=, _n._, barouche, calèche, _f._ =bar´racan= (bar-ra-ka-n), _n._, bouracan, _m._ =bar´rack= (bar-rake) _ou_ =bar´racks=, _n._, caserne, _f._; quartier, _m._ — master; _intendant de caserne_, _quartier-maître_, _m._ — porter; _casernier_, _m._ — room; _chambrée_, _f._ — sergeant; _garde-magasin_, _m._ =bar´rator= (bar-ra-teur), _n._, (jur.) personne qui incite aux procès, _f._; (nav.) marin coupable de baraterie, _m._ =bar´ratrous= (-treusse), _adj._, (nav.) entaché de baraterie. =bar´ratrously=, _adv._, avec, de, par, baraterie. =bar´ratry=, _n._, excitation aux procès; (nav.) baraterie, _f._ =barred=, _adj._, _part._, barré; (striped) à raies; (jur.) nul, périmé, caduc. =bar´rel= (bar-rèle), _n._, baril; (of machines) cylindre, tambour; canon de fusil; fût; barillet, _m._; fusée, _f._ — of the capstan; (nav.) _mèche du cabestan_, _f._ — of a gun; _canon de fusil_, _m._ — of a drum; _fût de tambour_, _m._ Watch —; _barillet de montre_, _m._ — of a pump; _corps de pompe_, _m._ — of tar; _gonne_, _f._ — organ; _orgue de barbarie_, _m._ =bar´rel=, _v.a._, embariller, entonner, mettre en baril, encaquer; (of roads) arrondir en dos d’âne, bomber. =bar´rel-bellied= (-bèl’lide), _adj._, à gros ventre, pansu, ventru. =barreled=, _adj._, (of machines) à cylindre; (of fire-arms) à canon; (of roads) bombé. =bar´ren= (bar-rène), _adj._, stérile, improductif. =bar´renly=, _adv._, stérilement. =bar´renness= (bar-rè-n-nèsse), _n._, stérilité, _f._ =barricade´= (-kéde), _n._, barricade; (nav.) batayole, _f._ =barricade´=, _v.a._, barricader; (nav.) bastinguer. =barrica´ding= (-digne), _n._, action de barricader, _f._; (nav.) bastingage, _m._ =bar´rier= (bar-ri-eur), _n._, barrière; limite, _f._ =bar´ring=, _prep._, excepté, hormis, sauf, à part. — a few; _hormis quelques-uns_, _à quelques-uns près_. — mistakes; _sauf erreur_. =bar´rister= (bar-ris-teur), _n._, avocat, _m._ =bar´row= (bar-rô), _n._, brouette, _f._ (ant.) pourceau, porc (châtré); (mines) amas de décombres; bois, bosquet; (antiq.) tumulus; (salt-works) égouttoir, _m._; trémie, _f._ — grease; _saindoux_, _m._ Hand-—; _brancard_, _m._; _civière_, _f._ =bar´rowman= (-mane), _n._, brouettier, brouetteur, _m._ =barse= (bârse), _n._, (ich.) perche commune, _f._ =bar´shot=, _n._, boulet ramé, _m._ =bar´ter= (-teur), _n._, échange, troc, trafic, _m._ =bar´ter=, _v.a._ and _n._, troquer, échanger, trafiquer. =bar´terer= (-teureur), _n._, trafiquant, troqueur, brocanteur, _m._ =bar´tizan= (bâr-tî-za-n), _n._, (arch.) galerie en saillie, _f._ =bary´ta= (ba-raï-ta) _ou_ =baryte´= (bar’aïte), _n._ (min.) baryte, _f._ =bar´ytone= (-tône), _n._, baryton, _m._ =bar´ytone=, _adj._, (mus.) de baryton. — voice; _voix de baryton_, _f._ =basalt´=, _n._, basalte, _m._ =basalt´ic=, _adj._, basaltique. =bas´cule-bridge= (-kioule-), _n._, pont-levis; pont à bascule, _m._ =base= (béce), _adj._, vil, bas, infâme, indigne, méprisable; illégitime; de mauvais aloi; (of all metals, except gold and silver) non précieux, de peu de valeur; (coin) faux. — -born; _bâtard_; _de basse naissance_, _de basse extraction_. — minded; _qui a l’âme basse_. — mindedness; _bassesse d’âme_. =base= (béce), _n._, base, _f._; fondement; (arch.) soubassement, _m._; (mus.) basse, _f._; (game) barres, _f.pl._; (of roads) encaissement; (tech.) fond, _m._ — of a pedestal; _socle_, _m._ — of a bed; _soubassement de lit_. Double —; _contre-basse_, _f._ — voice; _voix de basse-taille_, _f._ =base=, _v.a._, baser, asseoir. =base´less= (-lèsse), _adj._, sans base, sans fondement. =base´ly=, _adv._, bassement, lâchement, honteusement, vilement. =base´ment= (-mè-nte), _n._, fondation, _f._; fondement; (arch.) soubassement; sous-sol, _m._ =base´ness= (-nèsse), _n._, bassesse, lâcheté; illégitimité; altération, mauvaise qualité (of metals); gravité (of sound), _f._ =bashaw´= (-shō), _n._, bacha, pacha, _m._ =bash´ful=, _adj._, timide, modeste, honteux. =bash´fully=, _adv._, timidement, modestement. =bash´fulness= (-nèsse), _n._, timidité, pudeur, modestie, mauvaise honte, _f._ =ba´sic= (bé-cike), _n._, _adj._, (chem.) basique. =bas´il= (baz’il), _n._, biseau; (bot.) basilic, _m._ =bas´il= (baz’l) _ou_ =bas´an= (baz’a’n), _n._, basane, _f._ =bas´il=, _v.a._, tailler en biseau. =bas´ilar= (béss’i-lâr) _ou_ =bas´ilary= (béss’i-lari), _adj._, basilaire. =basil´ic= _ou_ =basil´ica=, _n._, (arch., anat.) basilique, _f._ =basil´ic= _ou_ =basil´ical=, _adj._, (anat.) basilique; (arch.) d’une basilique. =basil´icon= (-ko-n), _n._, (pharm.) basilicon, basilicum, _m._ =bas´ilisk= (-ske), _n._, basilic, _m._ =ba´sin= (béss’n), _n._, bassin; réservoir; bol, _m._; cuvette; (nav.) darse, darce (in the Mediterranean), _f._ Holy-water —; _bénitier_, _m._ Wash-—; _cuvette_, _f._ =ba´sis= (bé-cisse), _n._, (bases) base, _f._; fondement, _m._ =bask= (baske), _v.a._, chauffer au soleil. =bask=, _v.n._, se chauffer, (fig.) prospérer, s’endormir. To — in the sun; _se chauffer au soleil_. =bask´et= (bas-kète), _n._, corbeille, _f._; panier, _m._; (of apple women) éventaire; (of carriages) vide-poches, _m._; (fish _ou_ game) bourriche, _f._ Fruit-—; _corbeille à fruits_, _f._ Table-—; (hamper) _manne_, _f._ Back-—; _hotte_, _f._ Hand-—; _pannier à bras_, _m._ Little —; _corbillon_, _m._ — full; _panier plein_, _m._; _panerée_ (fruits), _f._ — handle; _anse de panier_, _f._ —-hilt; _garde en coquille_, _f._ —-hilted; _en coquille_. —-maker; _vannier_, _m._ —-rod; _osier_, _m._ —-woman; _porteuse_, _f._ —-work; _vannerie_, _f._ =ba´son= (béss’n), _n._ _V._ =basin=. =bas-relief´=, =bass-relief´= (bass’rèlîfe), _ou_ =basso-relie´vo= (basso-rèlî-vo), _n._, bas-relief, _m._ =bass= (bésse), _n._, (mus.) basse, clef de fa, _f._; (musical instrument) basse, _f._, violoncelle, _m._; (mus.) basse-taille, _f._ — viol; (mus.) _basse de viole_, _f._ Thorough-—; _basse continue_, _f._ Double-—; (mus.) _contre-basse_, _f._ — of an organ; _jeu de bourdon_, _m._ =bass= (basse), _n._, natte, _f._; (bot.) tilleul d’Amérique; (pisc.) bar, bars, _m._ =bas´set= (bas’sète), _n._, bassette (card game), _f._ — hound; _basset_, _m._ =bas´sinet=, _n._, barcelonnette, _f._; petit berceau, _m._ =bas´sock=, _n._, natte, _f._; paillasson, _m._ =bassoon´= (bas’soune), _n._, basson, _m._ =bassoon´ist=, _n._, qui joue du basson (pers.), _m._ =bas´so-relie´vo=, =bass-relief´=, _n._ _V._ =bas-relief=. =bast=, _n._, (of limes) teille, tille; filasse, _f._; agenouilloir, _m._ =bas´tard= (bas’teurde), _n._, bâtard; faux. =bas´tard=, _n._, bâtard, _m._, bâtarde, _f._; (jur.) enfant naturel, _m._ =bas´tardize= (-daïze), _v.a._, déclarer bâtard. =bas´tardy=, _n._, bâtardise, _f._ =baste= (béste), _v.a._, bâtonner; arroser la viande qui rôtit; (needlework), faufiler, bâtir. =bastinade´= _ou_ =bastina´do= (-néde, -nédô), _n._, bastonnade, _f._ =bastinade´= _ou_ =bastina´do=, _v.a._, bâtonner, donner la bastonnade =à=. =ba´sting= (bés’tigne), _n._, bastonnade, _f._; arrosement (de viande), _m._, (needlework) faufilure, couture à points espacés, _f._ =bas´tion= (bas’ti-o-n), _n._, bastion, _m._ =bas´to=, _n._, baste, as de trèfle (hombre, quadrille), _m._ =bat= (bate), _n._, bâton, battoir, _m._; (cricket) crosse; (mam.) chauve-souris, _f._ Off his own —; _par ses propres efforts_. =bat=, _v.n._, jouer du bâton; (game) jouer du battoir, de la crosse, manier la crosse. =bata´tas= (baté-tass), _n._, (bot.) patate, _f._ =Bata´vian= (-té-vi-a-n), _adj._, batave. =Bata´vian=, _n._, Batave, _m._ _f._ =batch= (bat’she), _n._, fournée; (fig.) troupe, bande, _f._; tas, ramassis, _m._ =bate= (béte), _v.a._, (ant.) rabattre, rabaisser, diminuer; ôter, retrancher; excepter; faire remise =de=. He will not — an inch of it; _il n’en veut point démordre_. =bath= (bâth), _n._, bain, _m._; baignoire, _f._ —-keeper; _baigneur_, _m._ Hot, _or_ warm, —; _bain chaud_, _m._ Medicated —; _bain médicinal_, _m._ Tepid —; _bain tempéré_, _m._ Hip-—; _bain de siège_, _m._ Slipper-—; _sabot_, _m._; _baignoire en forme de sabot_, _f._ Hot air —; _bain d’air chaud_, _m._ Shower-—; _douche_, _douche en arrosoir_, _f._ —-room; _salle de bain_, _f._ Vapor —; _bain de vapeur_, _m._ — drawers; _caleçon de bain_, _m._ — chair; _vinaigrette_, _roulette_, _f._ — towel; _serviette de bain_, _f._ The Order of the Bath; _l’Ordre du Bain_, _m._ Go to Bath! _allez-vous promener_. =bathe= (bé_th_e), _v.a._, baigner, arroser, tremper, mouiller; bassiner, étuver. To — a wound; _bassiner une plaie_. =bathe=, _v.n._, se baigner. _n._, baignade, _f._ To go for a —; _aller se baigner_. To — one’s eyes; _se bassiner les yeux_. =ba´ther= (bé_th_eur), _n._, baigneur, _m._, baigneuse, _f._ =ba´thing= (bé_th_igne), _n._, action de baigner, de se baigner, _f._; bain, _m._ Sea-—; _bains de mer_, _m.pl._ River-—; _bains de rivière_, _m.pl._ —-dress, —-gown; _peignoir_, _m._ —-establishment; _établissement de bains_, _m._ —-tub; _baignoire_, _f._ —-room; _salle de bain_, _f._ —-machine; _voiture de bain_ ou _voiture-baignoire_, _f._ =ba´thos= (béthoss), _n._, pathos, galimatias, _m._ =ba´ting= (bétigne), _prep._, sauf. _V._ =barring=. =bat´let= (bat’lète), _n._, battoir, _m._ =bat´man=, _m._, (mil.) brosseur, _m._ =bat´on=, =bat´oon= (bat’on), _n._, bâton, tricot, _m._, trique, _f._, gourdin, _m._; baguette, _f._ =batra´chia= _ou_ =batra´chians= (-tré-kia, -kia-nze), _n._, batraciens, _m._ =batra´chian= (-tré-kia-n), _adj._, des batraciens. =bats´man=, _n._, qui manie la crosse, _m._ =bat´ta=, _n._, supplément de solde, _m._ =battal´ion= (bat-ta-lieune), _n._, bataillon, _m._ =bat´ten= (bat’t’n), _v.a._, (ant.) engraisser, fertiliser; (carp.) voliger. =bat´ten=, _v.n._, (ant.) s’engraisser =de=; se bourrer =de=; se gorger =de=; (carp.) construire en volige. _V._ =fatten=. =bat´ten=, _n._, (ant.) (carp.) volige, _f._; battant, _m._; chasse de tisserand, _f._; chevron, _m._; latte; (nav.) latte, _f._ —s of the hatches; _lattes des écoutilles_, _f.pl._ To — down; _enfermer dans la cabine_, _défendre le pont aux passagers_ (_pendant une grosse tempête_). =bat´ter= (bat’teur), _n._, pâte de farine, _f._ =bat´ter=, _v.a._, battre en brèche; battre; délabrer; ébranler; écraser; démolir. To — with ordnance; _battre à coups de canon_, _canonner_. To — in; _battre en brèche_. To — down; _abattre_, _renverser_, _battre en ruine_. =bat´tered= (bat’teurde), _adj._, battu en brèche; (of metals) bossué, bosselé, battu; délabré; (print.) mauvais. =bat´terer=, _n._, abatteur; batteur, _m._ =bat´tering= (bat’teurigne), _n._, (milit.) action de battre en brèche, _f._ —-piece; _pièce de siège_, _f._ —-ram; _bélier_, _m._ —-train; _artillerie de siège_, _f._ =bat´tery= (bat’teuri), _n._, batterie; action de battre en brèche, _f._; (jur.) voies de fait, _f.pl._; (phys.) batterie, _f._ Galvanic —; _pile galvanique_, _f._ =bat´ting= (bat’tigne), _n._, jeu de crosse, _m._ =bat´tish= (bat’ishe), _adj._, de chauve-souris. =bat´tle= (bat’t’l), _n._, bataille, _f._; combat, _m._ — array; _ordre de bataille_, _m._ To do —; _combattre_ =pour=. — piece; (paint.) _bataille_, _f._ To give —; _livrer bataille_. To die in —; _mourir au champ d’honneur_. =bat´tle=, _v.n._, se battre; combattre; batailler. =bat´tle-ax= (-axe), _n._, hache d’armes, _f._ =bat´ledore= (bat’t’l-dore), _n._, battoir, _m._; raquette, _f._ =bat´tlement= (bat’t’l-mè-nte), _n._, créneau; (fig.) rempart, _m._ =bat´ton= (bat’t’n), _n._, (ant.). _V._ =batten=. =bat´ty=, _adj._ _V._ =battish=. =bau´ble= (bō-b’l), _n._ _V._ =bawble=. =bav´in= (-vi-n), _n._, bourrée, fascine, _f._; cotret, _m._; javelle (of vine branches), _f._ =baw´ble= _ou_ =bau´ble= (bō-b’l), _n._, babiole, bagatelle, _f._; colifichet, hochet, _m._; fanfreluche; breloque, _f._ Fool’s —; _marotte de fou_, _f._ =baw´bling= (bō-bligne), _adj._, (ant.) mesquin, de nulle valeur, qui n’est qu’une babiole. =baw´cock= (bō-koke), _n._, (ant.) godelureau, _m._ =baw´diness=, _n._, obscénité, impudicité, _f._ =bawd´rick= (bō-drike), _n._ _V._ =baldric=. =baw´dy=, _adj._, obscène, paillard. — house; _lieu de débauche_, _bordel_, _m._ =bawl= (bōl), _v.n._, crier, brailler. =bawl=, _v.a._, crier. =bawl´er= (bōl-eur), _n._, crieur, _m._, crieuse, _f._; brailleur, _m._, brailleuse, _f._; criailleur, _m._, criailleuse, _f._; braillard, _m._, braillarde, _f._ =bawl´ing= (bōl-igne), _n._, cri, _m._; cris, _m.pl._; braillement, _m._; crierie, criaillerie, clabauderie, _f._ =bawn= (bō-n), _n._, (ant.) enclos, _m._ =bay= (béie), _n._, baie; écluse; (arch.) travée, _f._; abois, _m.pl._; (bot.) laurier, laurier femelle, _m._ — of joists; _travée_, _f._ —-window; _fenêtre en saillie_, _f._ The stag stands at —; _le cerf est aux abois_. To keep any one at —; _mettre quelqu’un aux abois_, _le tenir en échec_, _en respect_. Small —; _anse_, _f._ —-berry; _baie de laurier_, _f._ —-cherry; _laurier-cerise_, _m._ —-tree; _laurier_, _m._ — salt; _sel gris_, _sel marin brut_, _m._ =bay=, _adj._, bai. Light —; _bai clair_. Dark —; _bai brun_. Chestnut —; _bai châtain_. Gilded —; _bai fauve_. =bay=, _v.n._, aboyer. To — the moon; _aboyer à la lune_. =bay´adere=, _n._, bayadère, _f._, (Hindoo dancing girl). =bay´ard= (bé-arde), _n._, bai, cheval bai. _adj._, (fig.) aveuglé par l’amour-propre. =bay´ardly= (bé-ardly), _adj._, aveugle; stupide. _adv._, stupidement, aveuglément. =bayed= (bé-de), _adj._, (mas.) à ouvertures, à intervalles, à baies. =bay´onet=, _n._, baïonnette, _f._ =bay´onet=, _v.a._, tuer à coups de, _ou_ d’un coup de, baïonnette. — charge; _charge à la baïonnette_. — belt; _porte-baïonnette_, _m._ =bazaar´= _ou_ =bazar´= (bazâre), _n._, bazar. =B.C.=, avant J. Christ. =B.D.=, bachelier en théologie. =bdel´lium= (dèl’lieume), _n._, bdellium, _m._ =be= (bi), _v.n._, (_preterit_, Was; _past part._, Been) être, exister; devoir, falloir. The title is to descend to his heir; _le titre doit passer à son héritier_. To — very well; _se porter très bien_. What is the matter? _qu’est-ce qu’il y a?_ _qu’y a-t-il?_ To — out; (to be mistaken) _se tromper_. To — right; _avoir raison_. To — wrong; _avoir tort_. I am to; _je dois_. I was to; _je devais_. (I ought to; _je devrais_. I ought to have; _j’aurais dû_. I must have; _j’ai dû_, _j’avais dû_.) Why is it that...? _pourquoi faut-il que...?_ How is it that...? _comment se fait-il que...?_ That is nothing to me; _cela ne me regarde pas_; _cela ne me fait rien_. If that is the same to you; _si cela vous est égal_. To — a witness; _servir de témoin_. To — better; _valoir mieux_; _se porter mieux_. It is no matter; _il n’importe_, _n’importe_. Nobody is to know it; _personne ne doit le savoir_; _il faut que personne ne le sache_. Is it to be wondered at if ...; _faut-il s’étonner si ..._ Union is strength; _l’union fait la force_. Were I to; _quand je devrais_ ou _dussé-je_. To — cold, warm, thirsty, hungry; _avoir froid_, _chaud_, _soif_, _faim_. It is warm, cold, fine; _il fait chaud_, _froid_, _beau_. How cold your hands are! _que_, ou _comme_, _vous avez les mains froides!_ My hands are cold; _j’ai froid aux mains_. It begins to — cold; _il commence à faire froid_. To — twenty, thirty years old; _avoir vingt ans_, _trente ans_. It is ten; _il est dix heures_. There to —; _y avoir_; _être_. There is; _il y a_; _il est_. There are; _il y a_; _il est_. If it were not for; _sans_; _ne fût-ce_. Had it not been for; _n’eut été_. — that as it may; _quoi qu’il en soit_. As it were; _pour ainsi dire_. It being; _comme il était_. It being cold; _comme il faisait froid_. It were to be wished that; _il serait à désirer que_. It is to be hoped that; _il est à espérer que_. That is not to be seen; _cela ne se voit pas_. I took you to —; _je vous prenais_ =pour=. You would take him to — forty; _vous lui donneriez quarante ans_. =beach= (bîtshe), _n._, rivage, _m._, plage, _f._; (of a lake) bord, _m._, rive, _f._ =bea´con= (bî’k’n), _n._, balise, _f._; fanal, phare, _m._ =bea´con=, _v.a._, allumer, éclairer, baliser. =bea´conage= (-édje), _n._, droit de balise, _m._ =bea´coned= (bî’k’n’de), _adj._, surmonté d’un fanal, d’un phare; à fanal, à phare; balisé. =bead= (bîde), _n._, grain de chapelet, de bracelet, de collier; chapelet, rosaire, _m._; perle; bulle, _f._; globule, _m._ String of —s; _collier_, _chapelet_, _m._ To thread —s; _enfiler des perles_. To tell one’s —s; _dire son chapelet_. Steel —s; _grains d’acier_, _m.pl._ =bead=, _v.n._, perler; former des globules. =bea´dle= (bîd’l), _n._, bedeau, suisse; huissier; huissier audiencier, _m._ =bead´-maker= (-mék’eur), _n._, fabricant de perles, de grains de perle; patenôtrier, _m._ =bead´roll= (-rôl), _n._, liste de ceux pour qui les prêtres doivent prier, _f._ =bead´tree= (-trî), _n._, (bot.) mélie, _f._, azédarac, _m._ =bea´gle= (bi’g’l), _n._, chien basset, _m._ =beak= (bîke), _n._, bec; (nav.) éperon, _m._; bigorne, _f._; (pop.) magistrat. — full; _becquée_, _f._ =beak´er=, _n._, gobelet, _m._; coupe, _f._ =beak´-iron= (-aï’eur’ne), _n._, bigorne, _f._ =beam= (bîme), _n._, (of timber) poutre, _f._; (of light) rayon; (of a plow, a carriage) timon; (of scales) fléau; (nav.) bau, _m._ Cross —; _traverse_, _f._ =beam=, _v.n._, rayonner. =beam=, _v.a._, lancer, darder des rayons. =beam´-ends= (-è’nd’ze), _n.pl._, (nav.) côté, _m._ To be on her —; (of a ship) _donner à la bande_; (fig., of pers.) _être à la dernière extrémité_. =beam´ing=, _n._, rayonnement, _m._ =beam´ing=, _adj._, rayonnant, radieux. =beam´less=, _adj._, sans rayon, sans éclat, terne. =beam´-tree= (-trî), _n._, alisier blanc, _m._ =beam´y=, _adj._, rayonnant, brillant; massif; cornu. =bean= (bîne), _n._, fève, _f._ French —; _haricot vert_, _m._ Horse —; _féverole_, _f._ Kidney —; _haricot blanc_, _m._ =bear= (bère), _n._, ours, _m._, (astron.) Ourse, _f._; (at the Exchange) joueur à la baisse, baissier, _m._ =bear=, _v.a._, (_preterit_, Bore; _past part._, Borne, Born) porter; soutenir; supporter, souffrir, subir; essuyer; avoir; enfanter; tenir; faire; garder. To — away; _emporter_, _remporter_. To — down; _entraîner_; _renverser_; (nav.) _courir_. To — out; _maintenir_; _justifier_; _avancer_. To — the bell; _l’emporter_. To — company; _tenir compagnie_ =à=. To — off; _emporter_, _enlever_; _remporter_. To — off the land; (nav.) _courir au large_. You will — me out when I say that he is ...; _vous direz avec moi que ..._ To — sway; _dominer_, _régner_. To — upon; _porter_ =sur=. To — the charges; _payer les frais_. To — fruit; _porter fruit_. To — interest; (com.) _porter intérêt_. To — with; _supporter_, _endurer_. To be born; _naître_. To be borne; _être porté_, _supporté_, _soutenu_. To bring to — upon; _agir_ =sur=, _mettre en jeu_. =bear=, _v.n._, souffrir; rapporter, être fertile; porter; se porter; peser. — towards; _se diriger_ =sur= _ou_ =vers=. Beyond —ing; _d’une manière insupportable_. — with me a little; _un peu de patience_. To — one’s self; _se comporter_, _se conduire_. To — upon (a question); _avoir trait_ =à=. To — up; _ne pas perdre courage_, _ne pas se laisser abattre_. =bear´able=, _adj._, supportable. =bear´-baiting= (-bêt’-), _n._, combat d’ours, _m._ =bear´-berry=, _n._, (bot.) raisin d’ours, _m._ =bear´-bind= (-baï’n’de), _n._, (bot.) liseron des haies, _m._ =beard= (bîrde), _n._, barbe; (of an arrow) dent, pointe, _f._ To do, to say anything to any one’s —; _dire_, _faire quelque-chose à la barbe de quel-qu’un_. =beard=, _v.a._, braver, défier, faire quelque chose à la barbe =de= (quelqu’un), narguer; (an arrow) barbeler. =beard´ed=, _adj._, barbu; barbelé. =beard´less=, _adj._, sans barbe; imberbe. — boy; _blanc-bec_, _m._ =beard´lessness=, _n._, défaut, _ou_ manque, de barbe, _m._ =bear´er=, _n._, porteur, _m._, porteuse, _f._, arbre de rapport; (arch.) support, _m._ —s of a tree; _crochets d’arbre_, _m.pl_. Stretcher —; (mil.) _brancardier_, _m._ To —; _au porteur_. =bear´-garden= (-gârd’n), _n._, arène, fosse aux ours, _f._; scène de désordre, _m._; pétaudière, _f._; la cour du roi Pétaud, _f._ =bear´herd= (-heurde), _n._, meneur d’ours, _m._ =bear´ing=, _n._, rapport; maintien, port, _m._; conduite, contenance, attitude; portée; face, _f._; air, aspect; (nav.) gisement, _m._; hauteur, situation, _f._; (her.) armes, armoiries, _f.pl._ — out; (arch.) _saillie_, _avance_, _f._ =bear´ing-block=, _n._, (tech.) support, _m._ =bear´ing-cloth= (-clōth), _n._, robe baptismale, _f._ =bear´ing-neck= (-nèke), _n._, tourillon, _m._ =bear´ing-rein= (-rêne), _n._, rêne, _f._ =bear´ing-surface= (-seur-féce), _n._, point d’appui, _m._ =bear´ing-up=, _n._, étayement (d’un mur). =bear´ing-wall= (-wôl), _n._, mur de refend, _m._ =bear´ish=, _adj._, d’ours; brutal. =bear´like= (-laïke), _adj._, qui tient de l’ours, semblable à un ours. =bear’s-ear=, _n._, (bot.) oreille d’ours, _f._ =bear’s-whortleberry=, _n._, (bot.) raisin d’ours, _m._ =beast= (bîste), _n._, bête; (card game) bête, _f._; (of a person) animal, cochon, _m._, bête, bête brute, salope, _f._ Wild —; _bête sauvage_, _f._ — of burden; _bête de somme_, _f._ — of the chase; _bête de chasse_, _f._ =beast´liness=, _n._, brutalité; saleté, saloperie, obscénité, _f._ =beast´ly=, _adj._, bestial; sale, vilain, malpropre, dégoûtant. =beat= (bîte), _n._, battement; son, _m._; station; ronde (of policemen), _f._; (of postmen), parcours; (hunt.) lieu où se fait une battue, _m._ — of the drum; _batterie de tambour_, _f._ That is out of his own proper —; _cela ne rentre pas dans sa spécialité_. =beat=, _v.a._ (_preterit_, Beat; _past part._, Beaten), battre; frapper; piler, broyer; l’emporter =sur=; (of rain, snow) battre, fouetter. To — the alarm; _battre la générale_. To — down; _abattre_; _diminuer_. To — back; _repousser_. To — in; _faire entrer de force_. To — time; _battre la mesure_. That beats all; _cela l’emporte sur tout_ ou _cela passe les bornes_. To — any one hollow, to — any one all to nothing; _battre quelqu’un à plate couture_. That beats me; _cela me passe_. To — about; _aller à droite et à gauche_, _chercher de tous côtés_; (fig.) _se casser la tête_, _se torturer l’esprit_. To — a wood; _battre un bois_. To — about the bush; _tourner autour du pot_. To — away; _éloigner_, _écarter_. To — black and blue; _meurtrir_. — to death; _assommer_. — up; (eggs) _fouetter_. To — the country; _battre le pays_. =beat=, _v.n._, battre; être agité. To — up for soldiers; _recruter des soldats_. To — about; (nav.) _louvoyer_. To — up to windward; _courir des bordées_. — against; _battre_, _se briser_. =beat´en=, _adj._, battu, (trite) (fig.) frayé, rebattu. =beat´er=, _n._, batteur, _m._; (instrument) batte; (print.) balle, _f._; (tech.) fouloir, _m._ =beatif´ic= _ou_ =beatif´ical= (bi-a-), _adj._, béatifique. =beatif´ically=, _adv._, d’une manière béatifique. =beatifica´tion= (-fi-ké-), _n._, béatification, _f._ =beat´ify= (-faïe), _v.a._, béatifier. =beat´ing=, (bît’igne), _n._, batterie; bourrade; volée, rossée, _f._; coups, _m.pl._; battement, battage, _m._ =beat´itude= (biati-tioude), _n._, béatitude, félicité, _f._ =beau=, _n._, damoiseau; ☉plumet (military beau); petit-maître; prétendant; futur, _m._ To set up for a —; _faire le petit maître_. =beau´ish= (beau-ishe), _adj._, pimpant, élégant, recherché, fat. =beau´teous= (biou-ti-eusse), _adj._, beau. =beau´teously=, _adv._, avec beauté. =beau´teousness=, _n._, beauté; bonne grâce, _f._ =beau´tifier= (-fa’ï’eur), _n._, personne, chose qui embellit, _f._ =beau´tiful= (-foul), _adj._, beau, superbe. =beau´tifully=, _adv._, admirablement, d’une belle manière; parfaitement bien. =beau´tifulness=, _n._, beauté, _f._ =beau´tify= (-faïe), _v.a._, embellir, orner. =beau´tify=, _v.n._, s’embellir. =beau´ty= (biouti), _n._, beauté, _f._; charme, _m._ =beau´ty-spot=, _n._, mouche, _f._; grain de beauté, _m._ =beau´ty-wash= (-woshe) _ou_ =beau´ty-water= (-wōteur), _n._, eau de beauté, _f._ =bea´ver= (bi’veur), _n._, castor; chapeau de castor, _m._, visière (of a helmet), _f._ =becalm´= (bi-câme), _v.a._, apaiser, calmer; (nav.) abriter. To be becalmed; (nav.) _être abrité_ ou _abrié_, _être pris de calme_. =because´= (bicōze), _conj._, parce que. — of; _à cause de_. =beccafi´co= (béc-a-fi-cô), _n._, (orni.) becfigue, _m._ =bechance´= (bi-tshâ’nse), _v.n._, arriver à, advenir =à=. =bechance´=, _adv._, par accident. =becharm´= (bi-tshârme), _v.a._, charmer, ensorceler. =be´chic= (bi’kike), _n._, (med.) béchique. =beck=, _n._, signe (of the hand, of the head), _m._ =beck= (bèke) _ou_ =beck´on= (bèk’k’n), _v.n._, faire signe =à= (of the hand, of the head); faire signe, inviter =à=. =beck´on=, _v.a._, faire signe =à=; appeler. =becloud´= (bi-claoude), _v.a._, couvrir de nuages, voiler. =become´= (bi-keume), _v.n._, (_preterit_, Became; _past part._, Become) devenir, commencer =à= être. To — accustomed to; _s’accoutumer_ =à=. What will — of me? _que deviendrai-je?_ To — interested in some one; _s’intéresser_ =à= _quelqu’un_. To — known; _se faire connaître_. To — detached; _se détacher_ =de=. =become´=, _v.a._, aller bien =à=, seoir =à=, convenir =à=, être propre =à=. To ill —; _convenir mal_, _peu_. =becom´ing=, _adj._, séant, bienséant, convenable, qui sied bien, qui va bien. =becom´ingly= (bi-), _adv._, avec bienséance, convenablement, avec grâce. =becom´ingness=, _n._, convenance; bienséance, grâce, _f._ =bed= (bède), _v.a._, coucher, mettre au lit; coucher =avec=; loger; fixer, enfoncer; semer, planter; parquer (of oysters, mussels). =bed=, _v.n._, coucher, se coucher, cohabiter. =bed=, _n._, lit, _m._; couche, _f._, (of oysters) parc; (gard.) massif, carré, _m._; (of mines) couche, _f._, gisement; (of roads) encaissement, _m._; planche, plate-bande, _f._ — of a river; _lit de rivière_. Feather-—; _lit de plume_. Field —; _lit de camp_. State-—; _lit de parade_. Folding-—; _lit brisé_, _lit de sangle_. Tent-—; _lit à tombeau_. Press-—; _lit en forme d’armoire_. Four-post —; _lit à quenouilles_. Double-bedded; _à deux lits_. — of a ship; (nav.) _souille_, _f._ — of a gun; _coussin de mire_, _m._ To turn down the —; _faire la couverture_. From — and board; (jur.) _séparation de corpus et de biens_, _f._ To be in —; _être au lit_, _être alité_. To be brought to —; _accoucher_. To confine to —; _retenir au lit_. To keep one’s —; _garder le lit_. To lie in —; _rester au lit_, _se tenir au lit_. To take to one’s —; _s’aliter_. To sleep in separate —s; _faire lit à part_. As you make your — so you must lie; _comme on fait son lit on se couche_. =bedab´ble= (bi-dab’b’l), _v.a._, éclabousser, asperger. =bedag´gle= (bi-dag-g’l). _V._ =bedrag´gle=. =bedark´en= (bi-dâr-k’n), _v.a._, assombrir, obscurcir. =bedash´= (bi-), _v.a._, éclabousser =de=, arroser =de=, mouiller =de=. =bedaub´= (bi-), _v.a._, souiller, salir; barbouiller. =bedaz´zle= (bi-daz’z’l), _v.a._, éblouir. =bed´-bolt= (-bôlte), _n._, boulon (qui traverse l’affût d’un canon), _m._ =bed´chamber= (-tshé-m-beur), _n._, chambre à coucher, _f._ =bed´clothes=, _n._, couvertures, _f.pl._; draps, _m.pl._ =bed´cover=, _n._, couvre-lit, _m._ =bed´ding= (bed’digne), _n._, literie, _f._, coucher, _m._ =bedeck´= (bi-dèke), _v.a._, orner =de=, parer =de=, décorer =de=. =be´del= (bî-dèle), _n._, appariteur, _m._ =be´delry=, _n._, fonctions d’appariteur, de massier, _f.pl._ =bedev´il= (bi-dev’v’l), _v.a._, faire endiabler; lutiner; ensorceler. =bedew´= (bi-diou), _v.a._, arroser =de=, humecter de rosée. =bed´fellow= (-fèl-lô), _n._, camarade de lit, coucheur, _m._; compagne de lit, coucheuse, _f._ Troublesome —; (fig.) (ill-tempered person) _mauvais coucheur_, _m._ =bed´frame= (-fréme), _n._, bois de lit, _m._ =bed´hangings= (-haign-ign’ze), _n.pl._, tour de lit, _m._; tenture de lit, _f._ =bedight´= (bi-daïte), _v.a._, (ant.) décorer =de=, parer =de=, orner =de=. =bedim´= (bi-dime), _v.a._, obscurcir, rembrunir. =bediz´en= (bidaï-z’n _ou_ bidiz’n), _v.a._, parer, orner, attirer; chamarrer. =Bed´lam=, _n._, Bedlam (hôpital des fous), _m._; petites maisons, _f.pl._; (l.u.) fou, _m._, folle, _f._ =bed´lamite= (-lam’aïte), _n._, fou, _m._, folle, _f._ =bed´lamlike= (-laïke), _adv._, en fou, en insensé. =bed´maker= (-mék’-), _n._, chambrière, _f._ =bed´molding= (-môld-igne), _n._, (arch.) filet, _m._ =bed´post= (-pôste), _n._, colonne de lit, quenouille de lit, _f._ =bed´presser= (-prèss’-), _n._, (ant.) dormeur, _m._, dormeuse, _f._, (fig.) paresseux, _m._, paresseuse, _f._ =bedrag´gle= (bi-drag’g’l), _v.a._, crotter, salir; (fig.) traîner dans la boue. =bedrench´= (bi-drè’nshe), _v.a._, tremper. =bed´rid= (bèd’ride) _ou_ =bed´ridden= (-rid’d’n), _adj._, grabataire, alité. =bed´room= (bèd’roume), _n._, chambre à coucher, _f._ =bed´screw= (bèd’scrou), _n._, écrou de lit, _m._, vis de lit, _f._ =bed´side= (bèd’saïde), _n._, ruelle, _f._; bord du lit, _m._ — carpet; _descente de lit_, _f._ =bed´stead= (-stède), _n._, bois de lit, lit, châlit, _m._ =bed´straw= (-strō), _n._, paillasse, _f._; (bot.) caille-lait; gaillet, _m._ =bed´time= (-taïme), _n._, heure du coucher, _f._; temps de se coucher, _m._ =bedung´= (bi-dugn’e), _v.a._, (engraisser avec du fumier), fumer. =bed´ward= (bèd’worde), _adv._, vers le lit. =bedwarf´= (bi-dwōrfe), _v.a._, rapetisser. =bedye´= (bi-daïe), _v.a._, teindre. =bee= (bî), _n._, abeille; mouche à miel, _f._ Hive-—; _abeille domestique_, _abeille ouvrière_, _de ruche_, _f._ Bumble-—; _bourdon_, _m._ Queen-—; _reine abeille_, _mère abeille_, _f._ To ring —s; _carillonner les abeilles_. Swarm of —s; _essaim d’abeilles_, _m._ To have a — in one’s bonnet; _avoir une araignée dans le plafond_, ou _au plafond_. =bee´-board= (-bôrde), _n._, tablette à ruches, _f._ =bee´-bread= (-brède), _n._, pain d’abeilles, _m._ =beech=, =beech-tree= (bîtshe-trî), _n._, (bot.) hêtre, fouteau, fayard, _m._ Plantation of —es; _foutelaie_, _f._ =beech´-martin= (-tine), _n._, (mam.) fouine, _f._ =beech´mast= _ou_ =beech´nut= (-maste, -neute), _n._, (bot.) faîne, _f._ =beech´oil= (-oïle), _n._, huile de faîne, _f._ =bee´-eater= (bî-ît’eur), _n._, (orni.) guêpier, _m._ =beef= (bîfe), _n._, (_beeves_) bœuf, _m._ =beef´-eater= (-ît’eur), _n._, mangeur de bœuf; gros-bœuf (stout man); (orni.) pique-bœuf; (yeoman) cent-gardes, _m._ =bee´-flower= (-flaou-eur), _n._, (bot.) orchis, _m._ =beef´steak= (bîfe-stèke), _n._, bifteck, _m._ =beef´witted= (-wit’téde), _adj._, (ant.) lourd comme un bœuf. =bee´-garden= (-gârd’n), _n._, rucher, _m._ =bee´hive= (-haïve), _n._, ruche, _f._ =bee´-house= (-haouce), _n._, rucher, _m._ =bee´like= (-laïke), _adj._, d’abeille, comme les abeilles. =bee´master= (-mâs’teur), _n._, éleveur d’abeilles, apiculteur, _m._ =beer= (bîre), _n._, bière, _f._ =beer´-engine= (-èn-djine), _n._, pompe à bière, _f._ =beer´house= (-haouce), _n._, taverne, brasserie, _f._, cabaret, _m._ — keeper; _cabaretier_, _m._ =beer´shop= (-shope), _n._, débit de bière, _m._ =beet= (bîte), _n._, (bot.) bette, betterave, _f._ =beet´-chard= (-tshârde), _n._, (bot.) carde poirée, _f._ =bee´tle= (bî’t’tl), _n._, maillot, _m._; mailloche; batte, _f._; battoir (laundress’s), _m._; hie, demoiselle (pavior’s), _f._; mouton (of a pile-driver), _m._; (ent.) scarabée, escarbot, _m._ Horn-—, stag-—; _cerf-volant_, _m._ =bee´tle=, _v.n._, surplomber, avancer, faire saillie. Beetling crags; _rochers surplombants_. =bee´tle-browed= (-braoude), _adj._, à sourcils épais. =bee´tle-head= (-hède), _n._, souche, bûche, ganache, _f._ =bee´tle-stock=, _n._, (tech.) manche de mail, de mailloche, _m._ =beet´radish= (bîte-rad’ishe), =beet´rave= (-réve), _ou_ =beet´root= (-route), _n._, (bot.) betterave, _f._ =befall´= (bi-fōl), _v.a._ and _n._, (_preterit_, Befell; _past part._, Befallen) arriver =à=, survenir =à=; échoir =à=. =befeath´ered= (bi-fè-_th_eur’de), _adj._, emplumé, couvert de plumes. =befit´= (bi-fite), _v.a._, convenir =à=. =befoam´= (bi-fôme), (l.u.) _v.a._, couvrir d’écume. =befool´= (bi-foule), _v.a._, duper, tromper, infatuer. =before´= (bi-), _prep._, (of time) avant; (of place) devant; par devant; (jur.) par-devant. =before´=, _adv._, (of time) auparavant, avant; (of place) en avant; (above) plus haut; (till _then_) jusqu’alors, jusque là; (till _now_) jusqu’ici, jusqu’à présent. =before´=, _conj._, avant que (_subj._); (_rather_) plutôt que, avant =de=. =before´hand= (-han’n’de), _adv._, par avance, à l’avance, d’avance. To be — with somebody; _devancer_, _prévenir quelqu’un_. =before´time= (-taïme), _adv._, (ant.) autrefois, jadis, anciennement. _V._ =aforetime=. =befoul´= (bi-faoule), _v.a._, salir, souiller. =befriend´= (bi-frè’nde), _v.a._, favoriser, seconder, aider; appuyer, protéger; être l’ami =de=, faire du bien =à=; traiter en ami. =befringe´= (bi-fri’n’je), _v.a._, franger, garnir d’une frange. =beg= (bèghe), _v.a._, mendier; demander =à= (of), =de= (to), prier =de=; supposer. I — to inform you; _j’ai l’honneur de vous informer_. To — the question; _tourner dans un cercle vicieux_ ou _faire une pétition de principe_. To go —ging; (of things) _chercher un possesseur_. =beg=, _v.n._, mendier. To — of; _prier_ =de=. =beget´= (bi-ghète), _v.a._, (_preterit_, Begot´; _past part._, Begot´ten), engendrer; produire; causer; amener; entraîner, faire naître. =beget´ter=, _n._, auteur, père, _m._ =beg´gar= (bèg-gheur), _n._, mendiant, _m._, mendiante, _f._; gueux, _m._ To be a —; (fig.) _être dans la misère_. =beg´gar=, _v.a._, réduire à la mendicité; appauvrir, ruiner, épuiser. — my neighbor; (game) _bataille_, _f._ Poor —; _pauvre diable_, _m._ Set a — on horseback and he will ride to the devil; _il n’est orgueil que de sot enrichi_. —s cannot be choosers; _ne choisit pas qui emprunte_. =beg´gar-girl= (-gheur’l) _ou_ =beg´gar-maid= (-méde), _n._, jeune mendiante, _f._ =beg´garliness=, _n._, gueuserie, pauvreté, misère, _f._ =beg´garly=, _adj._, chétif, pauvre, misérable. =beg´garly=, _adv._, misérablement, chétivement. =beg´gar-man= (-ma’n), _n._, mendiant, _m._ =beg´gar-woman= (-woum’a’n), _n._, mendiante, _f._ =beg´gary=, _n._, mendicité, misère, _f._ To be in —; _être au berniquet_, _à la besace_. =beg´ging=, _n._, mendicité, _f._ — the question; _cercle vicieux_, _m._, _pétition de principe_, _f._ =begin´= (bi-ghi’n), _v.a._, (_preterit_, Began´; _past part._, Begun´), commencer, entamer, débuter, entonner; se mettre =à=. To — the discussion; _entamer la discussion_. =begin´=, _v.n._, commencer (by, with) _par._ — afresh; _recommencer_, _se renouveler_. To — with; _pour commencer_; _et d’abord_, _tout d’abord_. =begin´ner=, _n._, commençant; débutant, _m._ =begin´ning= (bi-ghin’-), _n._, commencement, début, principe, _m._, origine, _f._ The first —s; _les éléments_, _m.pl._ =begird´= (bi-gheurde) _ou_ =begirt´=, (ant.) _v.a._, ceindre =de=, enceindre =de=; entourer =de=; cerner. =begone´!= (bi-), _int._, va-t’en! allez-vous-en! retire-toi! retirez-vous! loin d’ici! =begot´ten= (bi-got’t’n). _V._ =beget=. =begrease´= (bi-grize), _v.a._, graisser, enduire de graisse. =begrime´= (bi-graïme), _v.a._, barbouiller, souiller, salir, noircir. =begrudge´= (bi-greud’je), _v.a._, regretter; envier =à=; refuser =à=; marchander =à=; donner =à= contre cœur =à=. =beguile´= (bi-gaïle), _v.a._, décevoir; abuser; surprendre; tromper; séduire, charmer; faire oublier =à=. =begui´ler=, _n._, trompeur, séducteur, _m._; trompeuse, séductrice, _f._ =Beguin´= (bi-ghine), _n._, béguin, _m._ =Beguine´= (bi-ghîne), _n._, béguine; dévote, _f._ =behalf´= (bi-hâfe), _n._, faveur; part, _f._; (com.) profit, _m._ On — of; _de la part_ =de=; _au nom_ =de=. In — of; _en faveur_ =de=; (com.) _au profit_ =de=. =behave´=, _v.n._, se comporter, se conduire. =behaved´=, _adj._ Ill —; _qui se conduit mal_; _mal-appris_, _grossier_. Well —; _qui se conduit bien_; _sage_, _poli_. =beha´vior= (bi-hév’ieur), _n._, conduite, tenue, _f._; procédé, _m._; procédés, _m.pl._; manière d’être, _f._, manières, _f.pl._ =behead´= (bi-hède), _v.a._, décapiter, guillotiner. =behead´ing=, _n._, décapitation; (of St. John the Baptist) décollation, _f._ =be´hemoth= (bî-hi-moth), _n._, béhémoth, _m._ =behest´= (bi-hèste), _n._, commandement, ordre, précepte, _m._; injonction, _f._ =behind´=, _prep._, derrière; après; en retard =de=, en arrière =de=. =behind´= (bi-haï’n’de), _adv._, derrière, par derrière, en arrière, en retard; (riding) en croupe. =behind´hand=, _adj._, en arrière, en retard; en reste. =behold´= (bi-hôl’de), _v.a._, (_preterit_ and _past part._, Beheld´), voir, regarder; contempler, considérer. =behold´!= _int._, vois! voyez! voici! voilà! tenez! voilà que! =behold´en= (-dène), _adj._, redevable =à=; obligé =à=. =behold´er=, _n._, spectateur, témoin, assistant, _m._ =behoof´= (bi-houfe), _n._, avantage, profit, intérêt, _m._; faveur, _f._ =behoofed´= (-houf’te), _adj._, (of horses) à sabot. =behove´= (bi-houve), _v.n.imp._, convenir =à= (ant.). It behoves; _il faut_, _il importe_, _il convient_, _il sied_. It behoves you to; _il est séant que ..._ (with subj.) ou _il vous sied_ =de= _..._ (with inf.). =be´ing= (bi-igne), _n._, être, _m._; existence, _f._ =be´ing=, _pres. part._ (of To be), étant. The time —; _le temps présent_, _le moment_, _m._ =Bei´ram=, _n._, (Mahom. rel.) beiram, bairam, _m._ =bejade´= (bi-d’jéde), _v.a._, (ant.) harasser; surmener. =bela´bor= (bi-lé’beur), _v.a._, rosser, battre. =bela´ted= (bi-lét’ède), _adj._, attardé, anuité, surpris par la nuit. =belay´= (bi-), _v.a._, attendre au passage, arrêter, entraver; (nav.) amarrer. —ing-pin; (nav.) _cabillot_, _m._ —ing cleat; (nav.) _taquet_, _m._ =belch= (bèlshe), _n._, rot (l.ex.); rot, _m._; éructation, _f._ =belch=, _v.a._, vomir. To — out flames; _vomir des flammes_. =belch=, _v.n._, roter (l.ex.); vomir. =belch´er=, _n._, roteur, _m._ (l.ex.). =bel´dam=, =bel´dame=, _n._, sorcière; vieille, _f._ =belea´guer= (bi-lî-gheur), _v.a._, assiéger, cerner, investir. =belea´guerer=, _n._, assiégeant, _m._ =belee´= (bi-lî), _v.a._, (nav.) faire dériver; dérober le vent =à=. =bel´fry=, _n._, clocher; beffroi; (nav.) montant de cloche, _m._ =Bel´gian= (-d’ji-a’n), _adj._, belge. =Bel´gian=, _n._, Belge, _m.f._ =belie´= (bi-laïe), _v.a._, contrefaire; calomnier; démentir, donner le démenti =à=. =belief´= (bi-lîfe), _n._, foi, créance, croyance, opinion, _f._; credo, _m._ Light of —; _crédule_. Hard of —; _incrédule_. Past —; _incroyable_. To the best of one’s —; _autant qu’on le sache_. =believ´able=, _adj._, croyable, probable. =believe´= (bi-lîve), _v.n._, croire =en= _ou_ =à=. To — in God; _croire en Dieu_. I — so; _je crois que oui_; _je le crois_. I — not; _je crois que non_; _je ne le crois pas_. =believe´=, _v.a._, croire. I — you; _je vous crois_; _je crois bien_. If you are to be believed; _à vous en croire_. To make any one —; _faire croire_ =à= _quelqu’un_. To make a person —; (to deceive) _en faire accroire_ =à= _quelqu’un_. To make —; _faire semblant_ =de=, _prétendre_. It is a mere make-—; _c’est une pure prétention_ ou _c’est un simple subterfuge_. =believ´er=, _n._, croyant, _m._, croyante, _f._; fidèle, _m.f._ =believ´ingly=, _adv._, avec foi. =belike´= (bi-laïke), _adv._, apparemment, peut-être, probablement. =belime´= (bi-laïme), _v.a._, engluer. =bell=, _n._, cloche, clochette, _f._; (on horses) grelot, _m._; (house) sonnette, _f._; (arch.) vase, _m._, corbeille, _f._; (horl.) timbre, _m._ Chime of —s; _carillon_, _m._ Dumb-—; _haltère_, _m._ — of a trumpet; _pavillon de trompette_, _m._ — of a flower; (bot.) _calice d’une fleur_, _m._ To ring, pull, _ou_ touch the —; _sonner_, _tirer_, _la sonnette_. To bear the —; _être le meneur_, _le boute-en-train_; _remporter la palme_, _l’emporter_ (sur les autres). To ring the —s; _donner l’alarme_. Electric —; _sonnette électrique_. =bell=, _v.a._ To — the cat; _attacher le grelot_. =bell=, _v.n._, fleurir en forme de grelot, de cloche; (hunt.) réer, raire, bramer. =belladon´na=, _n._, (bot.) belladone, _f._ =belle=, _n._, belle, belle dame, _f._ =belled= (bèl’de), _adj._, à clochette, à grelot. =belles-let´tres=, _n._, belles-lettres, _f.pl._ =bell´-crowned=, _adj._, (of hats) évasé. =bell´-fashioned= (-fasheu’n’de), _adj._, en cloche, en forme de cloche. =bell´flower= (-flaou’eur), _n._, (bot.) campanule, clochette, _f._ =bell´founder= (-faoun’deur), _n._, fondeur de cloches, _m._ =bell´-foundry=, _n._, fonderie de cloches, _f._ =bell´-gable= (-ghé’b’l), _n._, (arch.) clocheton (en forme de pignon), _m._ =bell´-glass= (-glâce), _n._, cloche (de jardin), _f._ =bell´hanger= (-haign’eur), _n._, poseur de sonnettes, _m._ =bel´lied= (bèl’lide), _adj._, à ventre. Big —; _à gros ventre_; _ventru_. =bellig´erent= (bèl-li’d’jèrè’n’te), _adj._, belligérant. =bellig´erent=, _n._, belligérant, _m._ =bell´ing=, _n._, (hunt.) bramement, _m._ =bell´ing=, _adj._, (of hops) croisant en forme de cloche. =bell´man=, _n._, homme à la cloche; crieur public, _m._ =bell´metal=, _n._, métal de cloche, _m._ =bell´-mouth= (-maouth), _n._, (tech.) évasement, _m._ =bell´-mouthed= (-maouth’de), _adj._, (tech.) évasé. =bel´low= (bèl-lô), _v.n._, crier, beugler; (of the sea) mugir; (of thunder) gronder. =bel´lows= (bèl-loze), _n.pl._, soufflet, _m.sing._ =bell´pull= (-poule), _n._, cordon de sonnette, _m._ =bell´ringer= (-rign’eur), _n._, sonneur de cloches, _m._ =bell´rope= (-rôpe), _n._, corde de cloche, _f._; cordon de sonnette, _m._ =bell´-shaped= (-shép’te), _adj._, en cloche, évasé en cloche. =bell´-tower= (-taoueur), _n._, beffroi, clocher, _m._ =bell´-turret= (-teur’rète), _n._, (arch.) clocheton, _m._ =bell´wether= (-wè_th_eur), _n._, sonnailler, _m._ =bel´ly=, _n._, ventre, estomac, _m._; panse, _f._ — of a lute; _table de luth_, _f._ =bel´ly=, _v.n._, bomber, faire ventre, pousser en dehors; se gonfler. =bel´ly-ache= (-éke), _n._, mal au ventre, mal à l’estomac, _m._ =bel´ly-band=, _n._, sous-ventrière, sangle, _f._ =bel´ly-bound= (-baou’n’de), _adj._, constipé. =bel´ly-cheer= (-tshîre), _n._, (ant.) bonne chère, _f._ =bel´ly-ful= (-foule), _n._, (pop.), soûl, _m._ I had my — of it; _j’en ai eu tout mon soûl_ or _j’en ai eu assez_. =bel´ly-god=, _n._, (ant.) glouton, _m._ =bel´ly-pinched= (-pi’n’shte), _adj._, (ant.) affamé. =bel´ly-slave= (-sléve), _n._, (ant.) esclave de son ventre, _m._ =bel´ly-timber=, _n._, (pop.) nourriture, _f._; vivres, _m.pl._ =belong´= (bi-lōn’ghe), _v.n._, appartenir =à=, être =à=; (to come from) être =de=. =beloved´= (bi-leuv’de _ou_ -leuvède), _adj._, chéri =de=, bien-aimé =de=; favori. =below´=, _prep._, sous, en dessous de; après, depuis; (nav.) en aval =de=; au-dessous =de=; indigne =de=. To be — par; (com.) (of shares) _perdre au change_; (fig.) _n’être pas dans son état normal_. To be far —; _être bien inférieur_ =à=. =below´= (bi-lô), _adv._, au-dessous, en bas; à la cuisine, à l’office; ici-bas, dessous; ci-dessous. See —; _voir ci-dessous_. To be —; (dead) _être sous terre_. =belt=, _n._, ceinturon, baudrier; ceinture, courroie, _f._; (surg.) bandage, _m._; (of land) bande, _f._ =belt=, _v.a._, ceindre, entourer; attacher en sautoir. =belt´ing=, _n._, ceinture, _f._ =belt´ing-course= (-cōrse), _n._, (arch.) chaîne, _f._ =belt´-maker= (-mék-eur), _n._, ceinturier, _m._ =belt´-strap=, _n._, allonge de ceinturon; bélière, _f._ =bel´vedere= (-vè-dîre), _n._, belvédère, _m._ =bemire´= (bi-maïeur), _v.a._, embourber, crotter; couvrir de boue. =bemoan´= (bi-mône), _v.a._, plaindre, lamenter, pleurer, déplorer; gémir =sur=. =bemoan´er=, _n._, faiseur de lamentations, _m._ =bemoan´ing=, _n._, lamentation, _f._ =bemock´= (bi-moke), _v.n._ and _a._, (l.u.) se moquer; se moquer =de=; railler; tourner en ridicule. =bemol´= (bi-), _n._, (mus.) bémol, _m._ =bemourn´=, _v.a._, pleurer, déplorer. =ben=, _n._, ben; (montagne en Ecosse) pic, _m._ — nut; _noix de ben_, _f._ — oil; _huile de ben_, _f._ =bench= (bè’n’she), _n._, banc, (in tiers) gradin, _m._; banquette, _f._; (tech.) établi; banc, siège, tribunal, _m._, cour de justice, magistrature, _f._ Court of King’s —, of Queen’s —; _cour du Banc du roi_, _de la reine_. — of a canal; _berme_, _f._ Treasury —; _banc ministériel_. To play to empty —es; (thea.) _jouer devant les banquettes_. =bench=, _v.a._, garnir de bancs. =bench´er=, _n._, juge; conseiller; avocat du premier rang, _m._ =bend= (bè’n’de), _v.a._, (_preterit_ and _past part._, Bent) plier, fausser; courber, faire plier; incliner, tendre, bander; fléchir; appliquer, diriger; (nav.) nouer. To — one’s brows; _froncer le sourcil_, _rider le front_. To — all one’s endeavors; _appliquer tous ses efforts_ =à=. To — down; _courber_; _abaisser_. To — round; _recourber_. To — up; _cambrer_. To — one’s knee; _fléchir le genou_. To — a sail; (nav.) _enverguer une voile_. To — a cable; _étalinguer un câble_. On bended knees; _à genoux_. =bend=, _v.n._, plier, ployer; se courber, être courbé; se pencher, (bow) s’incliner; s’appliquer =à=; tourner; fléchir; (to overhang) avancer, surplomber, faire saillie. To — forward; _se pencher en avant_. =bend=, =bend´ing=, _n._, courbure; inclinaison, _f._; (of ground) pli, détour; coude, _m._; (nav.) préceinte, lisse; (of the back) chute des reine, _f._ =bend´er=, _n._, (spring) ressort, _m._ =bend´ing=, _adj._, courbé, incliné, penchant, penché, sinueux. =beneath´= (bi-nîth), _prep._, sous; au-dessous =de=. =beneath´=, _adv._, dessous, au-dessous, en bas. =ben´edict=, _n._, homme marié; nouveau marié, _m._ To turn —; _se marier_; _faire une fin_. =benedic´tine= (bè’n’idictine), _n._, bénédictin, _m._, (liqueur) bénédictine, _f._ =Benedic´tine=, _adj._, de l’ordre de saint Benoît; bénédictin. =benedic´tion= (bè’n’i-), _n._, bénédiction, _f._; (thanks) actions de grâces, _f.pl._; investiture d’un abbé, _f._ =benefac´tion= (bè’n’i-), _n._, don, bienfait, _m._, œuvre de bienfaisance; grâce, faveur, donation, _f._ =benefac´tor= (bè’n’i-), _n._, bienfaiteur, _m._ =benefac´tress= (bè’n’i-), _n._, bienfaitrice, _f._ =ben´efice= (bè’n’i-), _n._, bénéfice, _m._ =ben´eficed= (bè’n’i-fiste), _adj._, qui a un bénéfice. =benef´icence= (bi-nèf’i-), _n._, bienfaisance, _f._ =benef´icent=, _adj._, bienfaisant. =benef´icently=, _adv._, avec bienfaisance. =benefi´cial= (bè’n’i-fish’al), _adj._, bienfaisant, salutaire; avantageux, utile, profitable. =benefi´cially=, _adv._, salutairement, avantageusement, utilement. =benefi´cialness=, _n._, avantage, profit, _m._; utilité, _f._ =benefi´ciary= (bè’n’i-fish’iari), _n._, bénéficier; (feudalism) feudataire, bénéficiaire, _m._ =benefi´ciary=, _adj._, (feud.) bénéficiaire. =benefi´cient= (bèn’i-fish’è’n’te), _adj._, bienfaisant, avantageux, profitable. =ben´efit= (bè’n’i-fite), _n._, bienfait; service; bénéfice; profit, avantage, _m._; (thea.) représentation à bénéfice, _f._ For the — of; _au profit_ =de=; _pour le bien_ =de=; _dans l’intérêt_ =de=. To give any one the — of a bargain; _faire profiter quelqu’un d’un bon marché_. =ben´efit=, _v.a._, avoir du bénéfice, tirer du profit =de=, profiter =de=; faire du bien =à=. =ben´efit=, _v.n._, profiter, se trouver bien =de=, gagner =à=. =ben´efit-night= (-naïte), _n._, (thea.) représentation à bénéfice, _f._ =ben´efit-soci´ety= (-so-çaï’yiti), _n._, société de secours mutuels, _f._ =benev´olence= (bi-nèv’o-), _n._, bienveillance, bonté, bienfaisance, _f._; don gratuit, _m._ =benev´olent=, _adj._, bienveillant, bienfaisant, de bienfaisance. =benev´olently=, _adv._, avec bienveillance, avec bienfaisance, bénévolement. =Bengalee´= (bè’n’galî), _n._, bengali; dialecte du Bengale, _m._ =Bengalese´= (-lîze), _n._, Bengalais, natif du Bengale, _m._ =benight´= (bi-naïte), _v.a._, obscurcir. =benight´ed= (-tède), _adj._, anuité; surpris par la nuit; couvert de ténèbres; ignorant. To be —; _être plongé dans les ténèbres_, _dans l’ignorance_. =benign´= (bi-naïne), _adj._, bénin, bienfaisant, généreux, bon, affable. =benig´nant= (bi-nig-na’nte), _adj._, bon, gracieux, bienveillant. =benig´nity= (bi-nig’niti), _n._, bénignité, douceur, _f._ =benign´ly= (bi-naï’n’li), _adv._, bénignement. =ben´ison= (bè’n’i-ceune), _n._, (ant.) bénédiction, _f._ =ben´jamin= (bè’n’djamine), _n._, benjoin, _m._, assa dulcis, _f._ =ben´net= (=herb=) (bè’n’nète), _n._, (bot.) benoîte, _f._ =bent=, _n._, pli; penchant, _m._; pente; courbure, tension, disposition, tendance, _f._ =bent= (bè’n’te), _past part._, (of to bend), courbé, plié. — on; _déterminé_ =à=, _décidé_ =à=; _porté_ =à=, _appliqué_ =à=. =bent´grass=, _n._, (bot.) agrostide, _f._ =benumb´= (bi-neume), _v.a._, engourdir; glacer. =benumb´edness= (bi-neum’èdnèsse) _ou_ =benumb´ing=, _n._, engourdissement, _m._ =benzo´ic= (bè’n’zoïke), _adj._, (chem.) benzoïque. =benzoin´= (-zôïne), _n._ _V._ =benjamin=. =bepaint´= (bi-pé’n’te), _v.a._, (l.u.) peindre; barbouiller, peinturer. =bepep´per= (bi-pèp’peur), _v.a._, poivrer. =bepinch´= (bi-pi’n’she), _v.a._, pincer. =beplas´ter= (bi-plâsteur), _v.a._, (fam.) plâtrer. =beplume´= (bi-plioume), _v.a._, (fam.) emplumer. =bepow´der= (bi-paoudeur), _v.a._, (fam.) poudrer. =bepraise´= (bi-préze), _v.a._, louanger. =bequeath´= (bi-kwî_th_e), _v.a._, léguer. =bequeath´er=, _n._, testateur, _m._, testatrice, _f._ =bequeath´ment=, _n._, (ant.) legs, _m._; action de léguer, _f._ =bequest´= (bi-kwèste), _n._, legs, héritage, _m._ =berate´= (bi-réte), _v.a._, insulter; vilipender. =berat´tle= (bi-rat’t’l), _v.a._, remplir de bruit. =ber´berry= (beur-), _n._, (bot.) épine-vinette, _f._ =bereave´= (bi-rîve), _v.a._, dépouiller =de=, priver =de=, enlever =à=, ravir =à=. =bereave´ment=, _n._, privation, perte, _f._; vide; abandon, _m._; solitude, _f._ =ber´gamot= (beur-ga-mote), _n._, (pear) bergamote; (tapestry) bergame, _f._ =berhyme´= (bi-raïme), _v.a._, rimailler. =ber´lin= (beur-line _ou_ bèr-), _n._, berline (carriage), _f._ — wool; _laine à broder_, _f._ — work, _broderie_, _f._ — repository; _magasin de laine à broder_, _m._ =berme= (beurme), _n._, berme, _f._ =Ber´nardin= (beur-), _adj._, bernardin. =ber´ry=, _n._, grain, _m._; baie; fève, _f._ Coffee in the —; _café au grain_, _m._ =ber´ry=, _v.n._, (bot.) porter des baies. =ber´ry-bear´ing= (-bèr’igne), _adj._, (bot.) baccifère, qui porte des baies. =berth= (beurth), _n._, (nav.) cabine, _f._; (nav.) (ship’s station) évitage, _m._; case, _f._; lit, _m._; couchette; (place) place, _f._, emploi, _m._ =ber´yl= (bèr’ile), _n._, (min.) béryl, _m._ =ber´ylline= (-laïne), _adj._, de béryl. =bescrawl´= (bi-scrōl), _v.a._ (ant.) griffonner. =bescrib´ble= (bi-), _v.a._, (ant.) barbouiller. =beseech´= (bi-cîtshe), _v.a._, (_preterit_ and _past part._, Besought) supplier, conjurer, implorer. =beseech´er=, _n._, suppliant, _m._, suppliante, _f._ =beseech´ing=, _n._, supplication, _f._; instances, _f.pl._ =beseem´= (bi-cîme), _v.n._, convenir =à=, seoir =à=. =beseem´ly=, =beseem´ing=, _adj._, convenable, bienséant. =beseem´ingness=, _n._, convenance, bienséance, _f._ =beset´= (bi-cète), _v.a._, (_preterit_ and _past part._, Beset) assiéger, obséder; entourer, embarrasser, serrer de près. =beset´ting=, _adj._, habituel; obsesseur. — sin; _péché mignon_ ou _d’habitude_, _m._ =beshrew´= (bi-shrou), _v.a._, maudire. =beside´= (bi-çaïde) _ou_ =besides´= (-çaid’ze), _prep._, à côté =de=, auprès =de=; outre; hors, hors =de=; hormis, excepté, en dehors =de=. To be — one’s self; _être hors de soi_. =beside´= _ou_ =besides´=, _adv._, d’ailleurs, du reste, en outre, encore, de plus; hors de là; au delà. =beside´ that= (-_th_ate), _conj._, outre que. =besiege´= (bi-cî’dje), _v.a._, assiéger. =besieged´= (bi-cî’dj’d), _n._, assiégé, _m._ =besie´ger=, _n._, assiégeant, _m._ =besie´ging=, _n._, action d’assiéger, _f._; siège, _m._ =besie´ging=, _adj._, assiégeant, _-e_. =besmear´= (bi-smîre), _v.a._, barbouiller, salir; enduire; souiller. =besmirch´= (bi-smeurt’she), _v.a._, souiller, salir, tacher. To — any one’s reputation; _perdre quelqu’un de réputation_ ou _noircir quelqu’un_. =besmoke´= (bi-smôke), _v.a._, enfumer, noircir. =besmut´= (bi-smeute), _v.a._, noircir de suie. =be´som= (bi-zeume), _n._, balai, _m._ =be´som=, _v.n._, balayer. =besot´= (bi-çote), _v.a._, assoter; abrutir, hébéter. =besot´ted= (bi-çot’tède), _past part._, infatué; stupéfié; abruti, hébété. =besot´tedly= (bi-çot’tèd-), _adv._, sottement, stupidement. =besot´tedness=, _n._, abrutissement, _m._ =besought´= (bè-çōte). _V._ =beseech=. =bespan´gle= (bi-spa’gn’g’l), _v.a._, orner de paillettes; (dot) passementer =de=; parsemer =de=. =bespat´ter= (bi-), _v.a._, éclabousser, couvrir de boue; asperger; noircir, diffamer, flétrir. =bespeak´= (bi-spîke), _v.a._, (_preterit_, Bespoke; _past part._, Bespoken) commander, faire faire; retenir; annoncer, dénoter, montrer; discourir; parler =à=, s’adresser =à=, demander d’avance =à=. To — a place; _retenir une place_. To — a coat; _commander un habit_. =bespeck´le= (bi-spèc’k’l), _v.a._, tacheter, marqueter, moucheter. =bespice´= (bi-spaïce), _v.a._, épicer; assaisonner. =bespot´= (bi-spote), _v.a._, tacher, salir, souiller, crotter. =bespread´= (bi-sprède), _v.a._, tendre, étendre; semer; couvrir =de=. =besprent´= (bi-sprè’n’te), _adj._, (ant.) arrosé; semé; couvert. =besprink´le= (bi-spri’gn’k’l), _v.a._, arroser =de=, parsemer =de=. =besprink´ler=, _n._, arroseur, _m._ =bespurt´= (bi-speurte), _v.a._, asperger. =best= (bèste), _adj._, meilleur, le meilleur, le mieux. The — man on earth; _le meilleur homme du monde_. — man (at weddings); _garçon d’honneur_, _m._ To do one’s —; _faire tout son possible_; _faire de son mieux_. To act for the —; _faire_, _agir pour le mieux_. To the — of my recollection; _autant que je puis m’en souvenir_. To the — of my belief; _à ce que je crois_, _autant que je sache_. To the — of one’s ability; _de son mieux_. The — of it is that; _le meilleur est que_. At —; _au mieux_, _tout au mieux_; _au plus_, _tout au plus_, _à tout prendre_. For the —; _pour le mieux_, _au mieux_. To have the — of it; _avoir le dessus_. To make the — of; _tirer tout ce qu’on peut_ =de=; _tirer le meilleur parti_ =de=. To make the — of one’s way; _se rendre tout droit_; _aller droit_, _en toute hâte_. The — of the way; _la plus grande partie du chemin_. To have the — of it; _avoir l’avantage_. To do one’s — to; _faire tout ce qui dépend de soi_ =pour=. The — of everything; _ce qu’il y a de meilleur_. To make the — of circumstances; _s’adapter aux circonstances_. To put the — construction on anything; _voir les choses du bon côté_. =best=, _adv._, mieux, le mieux. To strive as to who shall do their — to; _faire à qui mieux mieux_ =pour=. One had —; _mieux vaudrait_, _mieux vaut_; _ce qu’il y a mieux à faire c’est_ =de=. =bestain´= (bî-sténe), _v.a._, tacher. =bes´tial= (bèst’ial), _adj._, bestial, brutal, de bête. =bestial´ity=, _n._, bestialité, _f._ =best´ialize= (bèst’ial’aïze), _v.a._, abrutir. =best´ially=, _adv._, bestialement. =bestir´= (bi-steur), _v.a._, remuer, agiter, mettre en mouvement. To — one’s self; _se remuer_; _se donner du mouvement_; _s’agiter_; _se trémousser_. =bestow´= (bî-stô), _v.a._, donner; appliquer; dispenser; accorder =à=; conférer =à=; employer =à=, consacrer =à=. To — a kindness on any one; _faire une faveur_, _rendre un service_ =à= _quelqu’un_. =bestow´al=, _n._, dispensation, _f._ =bestow´er=, _n._, dispensateur, _m._, dispensatrice, _f._ =bestow´ing=, _n._, donation, _f._; don, _m._ =bestrad´dle= (bi-), _v.a._, enfourcher. =bestraught´= (bi-strôte), _adj._ _V._ =distraught=. =bestrew´= (bi-strou), _v.a._, joncher, parsemer =de=. =bestride´= (bi-straïde), _v.a._, monter (a horse); enjamber, enfourcher. =bestud´= (bi-steude), _v.a._ _V._ =stud=. =bet= (bète), _n._, pari, _m._; gageure, _f._ To lay a —; _parier_. =bet=, _v.a._, parier, gager, faire un pari, faire une gageure. =betake´= (bi-téke), _v.a._ (_preterit_, Betook; _past part._, Betaken). To — one’s self to; _se livrer_ =à=, _se mettre_ =à=, _s’adonner_ =à=, _se retirer_ =dans=, _recourir_ =à=, _avoir recours_ =à=; _se porter_ =vers=. To — one’s self to one’s study; _se retirer dans son cabinet_. To — one’s self to one’s heels; _se sauver_, _s’enfuir_. To — one’s self to one’s studies; _se livrer à ses études_. =bethink´= (bi-thign’k), _v.n._, (_preterit_ and _past part._, Bethought) ruminer; s’aviser =de=, réfléchir =à=. =bethink´=, _v.a._, se rappeler, se ressouvenir =de=. To — one’s self; _imaginer_; _avoir l’idée_, _songer_ =à=; (twice) _se raviser_. =Beth´lehem= (bèth-li’ème), _n._, hospice pour les aliénés, _m._ _V._ =Bedlam=. =Beth´lemite= (bèth-lè’m’aïte), _n._, (geog.) Bethléhémite, _m.f._; habitant de Bedlam, _m._, habitante de Bedlam, _f._ _V._ =Bedlam=. =bethump´= (bi-theu’m’pe), _v.a._, rosser, étriller, assommer. =betide´= (bi-taïde), _v.a._, arriver =à=, advenir =à=; prédire, annoncer. Woe — you; _malheur à vous_. =betide´=, _v.n._, arriver, advenir. =betime´= (bi-taïme) _ou_ =betimes´= (bi-taï’mze), _adv._, de bonne heure. =beto´ken= (bi-tô’k’n), _v.a._, indiquer; annoncer, dénoter, présager, désigner. =bet´on= (bèt’eune), _n._, béton, _m._ =bet´ony= (bèt’o’ni), _n._, (bot.) bétoine, _f._ =betray´= (bi-tré), _v.a._, trahir; livrer; tromper; révéler; faire tomber, entraîner. To — (lead) into error; _entraîner dans l’erreur_. =betray´al=, _n._, trahison, perfidie, _f._ =betray´er=, _n._, traître, _m._, traîtresse, _f._ =betrim´= (bi-trime), _v.a._, parer, orner, décorer. =betroth´= (bi-troth), _v.a._, fiancer, accorder =à=. =betrothed´= (bi-trothte-), _n._, fiancé, accordé, _m._; fiancée, accordée, _f._ =betrothed´=, _adj._, fiancé, accordé =à=. =betroth´ing= _ou_ =betroth´al=, _n._, fiançailles, (pop.) accordailles, _f.pl._ =bet´ter= (bèt’teur), _adj._, meilleur. — and —; _de mieux en mieux_. For the —; _en mieux_. To be —; _se trouver mieux_, _se rétablir_; _valoir mieux_. To grow —; _devenir meilleur_; _se porter mieux_, _se rétablir_. — late than never; _mieux vaut tard que jamais_. The — the day, the — the deed; _bon jour, bonne œuvre_. To get the — of; _prendre le dessus_ =sur=; _avoir le dessus_ =de=; _l’emporter_ =sur=; _venir à bout_ =de=; _se rétablir_ =de=. To have the —; _avoir l’avantage_, _la supériorité_ =sur=, _l’emporter_ =sur=. To be the — for; _se trouver bien_ =de=. To be none the — for (a thing); _n’en être pas plus avancé_. =bet´ter=, _adv._, mieux. To be — off; _être dans une meilleure position_. For — for worse; _vaille que vaille_. So much the —! _tant mieux!_ — and —; _de mieux en mieux_. To be —; _valoir mieux_, _se porter mieux_, _être mieux_. To get —; _aller mieux_, _se porter mieux_. I had —; _je ferais mieux_. To think the — of; (reflect) _se raviser_. I like her the — for it; _je l’en aime davantage_. To think the — of; (pers.) _avoir meilleure opinion_ =de=, _estimer d’avantage_. The more I know you, the — I like you; _plus je vous connais, plus je vous aime_. =bet´ter=, _n._, supérieur, _m._ One’s elders and —s; _gens qui valent mieux que soi_, _m.pl._ =bet´ter=, _v.a._, améliorer, avancer. To — one’s self; _améliorer sa position_. =bet´terment=, =bet´tering=, _n._, amélioration, _f._; perfectionnement, embellissement, _m._ =bet´ting= (bèt-tigne), _n._, pari (action), _m._, paris, _m.pl._ — man; _parieur_. — woman; _parieuse_. =bet´tor= (bèt-tor), _n._, parieur; joueur, _m._ =bet´ty= (bèt’ti), _n._, monseigneur (instrument), _m._, (slang) pince, _f._ =betum´bled= (bi-teu’m’b’lde), _adj._, en désordre; chiffonné. =between´= (bi-twine), _prep._, entre. — us; _entre nous_. — us two, three, etc.; _à nous deux_, _à nous trois_, _etc._ — wind and water; _à fleur d’eau_. — this and then; _d’ici là_. — this and to-morrow; _d’ici à demain_. — whiles; _dans l’intervalle_. — this and Monday; _d’ici à lundi_. — decks; (nav.) _entrepont_, _m._ =between´=, _n._, intervalle, _m._ =betwixt´= (bi-), _prep._, entre. — and between; _entre les deux_. =bev´el= (bè-vèl), _n._, (tech.) fausse équerre, _f._ =bev´el=, _adj._, de biais; en biseau. =bev´el=, _v.a._, équarrir, tailler en biseau. =bev´el=, _v.n._, aller en biais, biaiser; (mines) diriger. =bev´eling=, _n._, coupe en biais, _f._; biseau, _m._ =bev´eling=, _adj._, de biais. =bev´erage= (bèv’eur’èdge), _n._, breuvage, _m._; boisson, _f._ =bev´il=. _V._ =bevel=. =bev´y= (bè-vi), _n._, volée; troupe, bande, _f._ — of partridges; _compagnie de perdrix_, _f._ — of quails; _volée de cailles_, _f._ — of animals; _troupe d’animaux_, _f._ — of roebucks; _troupe de chevreuils_, _f._ — of women; _assemblée de femmes_, _f._ — of young girls; _troupe de jeunes filles_. =bewail´= (bi-wéle), _v.a._, regretter, pleurer. =bewail´=, _v.n._, se lamenter =de=. =bewail´ing=, _n._, plainte, lamentation, _f._ =beware´= (bi-wère), _v.n._, se garder =de=, prendre garde =à=; se défier =de=, se méfier =de=. =bewet´= (bi-wète), _v.a._, humecter. =bewhis´kered= (bi-), _adj._, paré de favoris. =bewil´der= (bi-), _v.a._, égarer, embrouiller, embarrasser, dérouter; transporter, ravir; ahurir, effarer. =bewitch´= (bi-wit’she), _v.a._, ensorceler; enchanter; fasciner. =bewitch´er=, _n._, ensorceleur, _m._, ensorceleuse, _f._ =bewitch´ery=, =bewitch´ment=, _n._, ensorcellement, _m._ =bewitch´ing=, _adj._, enchanteur, séduisant, ravissant. =bewitch´ingly=, _adv._, d’une manière séduisante; à ravir. =bewray´= (bi-ré), _v.a._, déceler; tromper; trahir. =bewray´er= (bi-râ’y’eur), _n._, (ant.) traître, _m._ =bey=, _n._, bey, _m._ =beyond´= (bi-yon’de), _prep._, delà, par delà, au-delà =de=; au dessus =de=; outre; hors =de=. — measure; _outre mesure_, _démesurément_. To be — reach of; _être hors de la portée_ =de=. To go —; (any one) _surpasser_, _aller plus loin que_. This is — me; _cela me passe_. =beyond´=, _adv._, là-bas. _V._ =yonder=. =bez´el= (bè-zèl) _ou_ =bez´il=, _n._, chaton (of a ring), _m._ =bez´oar= (bèz-ôre), _n._, bézoard, _m._ =bi´a=, _n._, cauris, coris, _m._ =bian´gulate= (baï-ai’gn-ghiou-léte), =bian´gulated= (-létède), _ou_ =bian´gulous= (-leusse), _adj._, à deux angles. =bi´as= (baï’ass), _n._, (_biasses_) biais, _m._; pente, _f._, penchant, parti pris, _m._; tendance, direction, _f._; but; préjugé, _m._; prévention, _f._ On the —; _en travers_, _en croix_, _en sautoir_. =bi´as=, _v.a._, incliner, faire pencher; prévenir; influencer; porter =à=; diriger. =bi´as=, _adj._, de biais, de travers. =bi´as=, _adv._, de biais, de travers. =bi´ased=, _adj._, prévenu. =bib=, _n._, bavette, _f._; (pisc.) tacaud, _m._ =bib=, _v.a._, buvoter. =biba´cious= (baï-bé-sheusse), _adj._, buveur. =bib´ber= (bib’-), _n._, buveur, biberon, _m._, biberonne, _f._ =Bi´ble= (baï’b’l), _n._, bible, _f._ — Society; _société biblique_, _f._ =bib´lical= (bi-), _adj._, biblique. =bibliog´rapher=, _n._, bibliographe, _m._ =bibliograph´ic= _ou_ =bibliograph´ical=, _adj._, bibliographique. =bibliog´raphy=, _n._, bibliographie, _f._ =biblioma´nia= (-mé-), _n._, bibliomanie, _f._ =biblioma´niac= (-mé-), _n._, bibliomane, _m._ =biblioph´ilist= (-fi-), _n._, bibliophile, _m._ =bib´liopole= (-pôle), =bibliop´olist=, _n._, libraire, _m._ =bib´ulous= (-biou-leusse), _adj._, spongieux, absorbant, qui boit. =bice= _ou_ =bise= (baïce), _n._, (paint.) bleu pâle; vert pâle, _m._ =bi´ceps= (baï-), _n._, (anat.) biceps, _m._ =bick´er= (bik’-), _v.n._, se quereller, disputer, contester, se picoter, se chamailler. =bick´erer=, _n._, querelleur, chamailleur, _m._ =bick´ering=, _n._, picoterie; querelle, bisbille, _f._ =bick´ern= (bik’èrne), _n._, bec, _m._; bigorne, _f._ =bicorn´ous= (baï-cor’neusse), _adj._, à deux cornes, bicorne. =bi´colored=, _adj._, bicolore. =bicor´poral= (baï-), _adj._, à deux corps. =bi´cycle=, _n._, bicyclette, _f._; velocipède, (pop.) vélo, _m._; (pop.) bécane, _f._ — handle bars; _guidon_, _m._ — pneumatic tire; _pneumatique_, _m._ tire-cover; _enveloppe_, _f._ — inner tube; _chambre à air_, _f._ =bid=, _v.a._, offrir; ordonner =de=; enchérir; dire =de=; convier =à=; commander =de=; inviter =à= (at auctions). To — fair to; _être en passe_ =de=; _promettre_ =de=. To — good-by to; _dire adieu_ =à= ou _faire ses adieux_ =à=. =bid=, _n._, enchère, _f._ =bid´der=, _n._, enchérisseur, acheteur, _m._ Highest —; _plus offrant_, _m._ =bid´ding=, _n._, commandement, ordre, _m._; invitation, prière, demande, _f._; (at auctions) enchère, _f._ =bide= (baïde), _v.a._, endurer, souffrir; attendre. To — one’s time; _attendre le bon moment_. =bide=, _v.n._, demeurer, rester, habiter. =bident´al=, =bident´ate=, _ou_ =bident´ated= (baï-de’n-, -téte, -tétède), _adj._, bidenté. =bid´et= (bi-dète), _n._, bidet (horse); bidet (furniture), _m._ =bi´ding= (baïd’-), _n._, (fig.) demeure, _f._; séjour, _m._ — one’s time; _attendant l’occasion_. =bid´on= (bid’eune), _n._, bidon, _m._ =bien´nial= (baï’è’n-ni-), _adj._, biennal, de deux ans; (bot.) bisannuel. =bien´nially=, _adv._, tous les deux ans, de deux ans, en deux ans. =bier= (bieur), _n._, bière, _f._, cercueil, _m._; civière, _f._; brancard, _m._ =bif´erous= (bif’eureusse), _adj._, bifère. =bif´fin=, _n._, pomme tapée, _f._ =bi´fid= (baï-fide), _adj._, bifide. =bi´fold= (baï-fôlde), _adj._, double. =bifur´cate= (baï-feur-kéte) _ou_ =bifur´cated= (-tède), _adj._, bifurqué. _v.n._, se bifurquer. =bifurca´tion=, _n._, bifurcation, _f._ =big=, _adj._, gros; superbe, fier; grand, vaste; plein; (of women) enceinte, grosse; (of animals) pleine. To look —; _faire le gros dos_; _faire l’important_. To talk —; _parler haut_; _trancher du grand_; _faire l’important_; (to threaten) _parler des grosses dents_. — with; _gros_ =de=. =big´amist=, _n._, bigame, _m.f._ =big´amy=, _n._, bigamie, _f._ =big´ly=, _adv._, fièrement, superbement. =big´ness= (big’nèsse), _n._, grosseur, grandeur, _f._ =big´ot= (big’ote), _n._, bigot, cagot, _m._; bigote, cagote, _f._, fanatique, _m._ and _f._ =big´ot=, _adj._, (ant.). _V._ =bigoted=. =big´oted= (big’ot’ède), _adj._, bigot, cagot. =big´otedly=, _adv._, avec bigoterie; en bigot. =big´otry=, _n._, bigoterie, cagoterie, _f._ =bil´ander=, _n._, (nav.) bélandre, _f._ =bilat´eral= (baï-), _adj._, bilatéral. =bil´berry=, _n._, (bot.) airelle; myrtille, _f._ =bil´bo=, _n._, (_bilboes_) rapière, _f._; _pl._, (nav.) fers, _m.pl._ =bile= (baïle), _n._, bile, _f._ =bile´-duct= (-deucte), _n._, canal, conduit, biliaire, _m._ =bilge= (bild’je), _n._, (nav.) sentine (of a ship), _f._ —-water; _eau de cale_, _f._ — ways; _coittes_, _anguilles_, _f.pl._ =bilge=, _v.n._, (nav.) faire une voie d’eau (à fond de cale); crever, se défoncer. =bil´iary= (bil’iari), _adj._, biliaire. =bil´ious=, _adj._, bilieux. =bilk=, _v.a._, flouer, tromper, frustrer. =bill=, _n._, bec d’oiseau, _m._; hache, _f._ =bill=, _v.n._, se becqueter. =bill=, _v.a._, afficher. =bill=, _n._, note, _f._; mémoire, compte, _m._, facture, _f._; billet, effet; compte, _m._, (at dining-rooms) carte à payer, addition, _f._; (of parliament) bill, projet de loi, _m._ Hand-—; _affiche_, _f._, _placard_, _m._ Stick no —s! _défense d’afficher!_ Exchequer-—; _bon du trésor_, _m._ To discount a —; _escompter un billet_, _un effet_. Tradesman’s —; _mémoire de fournisseur_, _m._, _facture_, _f._ — of parcels; _facture_. To make a — payable to; _passer un effet à l’ordre_ =de=; _faire un billet à l’ordre_ =de=. To honor a —; _faire honneur à_, _payer_, _un billet_. To dishonor a —; _ne pas faire honneur_ =à=, _ne pas payer_, _un billet_. — payable to bearer; _billet au porteur_. — at sight; _billet à vue_. — on demand; _billet à présentation_. To take up a —; _acquitter un billet_, _payer un billet_. The expiration of a —; _l’échéance d’un effet_, _f._ To provide for the payment of a —; _faire les fonds d’un effet_. — of exchange; _lettre de change_, _f._ — of fare; _menu_, _m._, _carte_, _f._ — of lading; _connaissement_, _m._ — of health; _patente de santé_, _f._ — of rights; (jur.) _déclaration des droits_, _f._ True —; _arrêt d’accusation_ or _arrêt de mise en accusation_. To find a true —; _prononcer la mise en accusation_ =de=. =bill´-broker= (brô-), _n._, courtier de change, _m._ =bill´-brokerage= (-édje), _n._, courtage de change, _m._ =bil´let= (bil’lète), _n._, bûche; (her.) billette, _f._; billet; billet de logement, _m._ =bil´let=, _v.a._, délivrer des billets de logement =à=, loger. =bil´let-doux= (bil’lè-), _n._, (_billets-doux_) billet doux, _m._ =bill´-file=, _n._, pique-notes, _m._ =bill´-frame=, _n._, porte-affiches, _m._ =bill´-head=, _n._, tête de facture, _f._ =bill´-hook=, _n._, serpe, _f._ =bil´liard= (bil’ieurde), _adj._, de billard. — ball; _bille_, _f._ — cloth; _tapis_, _m._ — cushion; _bande_, _f._ — marker; _garçon de billard_, _m._ — playing; _le jeu de billard_. =bil´liard-room= (-roume), _n._, salle de billard, _f._ =bil´liards= (bil’ieurdze), _n.pl._, billard, _m.sing._ To play a game at —; _faire une partie de billard_. =bil´liard-table= (-tè’b’l), _n._, billard, _m._; table de billard, _f._ =bil´lingsgate= (bil’ligne’z’ghéte), _n._, langage de la halle, _m._ =bil´lion= (bil’ieu’ne), _n._, trillion, _m._ =bil´low= (bil’lô), _n._, flot, _m._; vague, houle, lame, _f._ =bil´low=, _v.n._, s’élever en vagues, ondoyer. =bil´lowy= (bil-lô-i), _adj._, houleux. =bill´sticker=, _n._, afficheur, colleur d’affiches, _m._ =bill´-sticking=, _n._, affichage, _m._ =bil´lycock-hat´=, _n._, feutre; chapeau rond, _m._ =bima´nous= (-neusse), _adj._, bimane. =bin= (bine), _n._, huche, caisse, _f._, coffre, _m._ Wine —; _porte-bouteilles_, _m._; cave, _f._ =bin=, _v.a._, ranger; empiler (bottles). =bi´nary= (baï-), _adj._, binaire. =bi´nary=, _n._, (arith.) nombre binaire, _m._ =bind= (baï’n’de), _v.a._, lier; obliger; resserrer; constiper; ceindre, border, garotter, serrer; (with hoops) cercler =de=. To — a book; _relier un livre_. To — down; _lier_, _astreindre_ =à=. To — a wound; _bander une blessure_. To be bound to; _être tenu_ =de=. To — a carpet; _border un tapis_. To — over; _contraindre de comparaître_. To be bound over; (jur.) _être tenu de comparaître_. That is bound to happen; _cela ne peut manquer d’arriver_. I’ll be bound; _j’en réponds_. =bind=, _v.n._, se lier, durcir. =bind´er=, _n._, lieur; relieur; bandeau, _m._, bande, attache, _f._ =bind´ery= (baï’n’deuri), _n._, atelier de reliure, _m._ =bind´ing=, _n._, reliure, _f._; bandeau, galon, _m._, bordure, _f._ =bind´ing=, _adj._, obligatoire, astringent; (jur.) commissoire. =bind´weed= (baï’n’d’wîde), _n._, (bot.) liseron, _m._ =bin´nacle=, _n._, (nav.) habitacle, _m._ =bin´ocle=, _n._, binocle, _m._ =binoc´ular= (baï-), _adj._, binoculaire. =bino´mial= (baï-nô-), _adj._, (alg.) binôme. =biog´rapher= (baï’og’graf’-), _n._, biographe, _m._ =biograph´ic= _ou_ =biograph´ical= (baï’o-), _adj._, biographique. =biog´raphy= (baï’o-), _n._, biographie, _f._ =bip´artite= (bip’ar-taïte), _adj._, biparti. =bi´ped= (baï-pède), _n._, bipède, _m._ =bip´edal= (bi-pi-), _adj._, bipède. =biquadrat´ic= (baï-kwo-), _adj._, (alg.) bi-carré. =birch= (beurtshe), _n._, bouleau, _m._; verge, _f._; verges, _f.pl._ _v.a._, battre à coups de verges, fouetter; donner le fouet =à=. =birch´-broom=, _n._, balai de bouleau, _m._ =birch´en= (beurtsh’n), _adj._, de bouleau. =birch´-grove=, _n._, boulaie, bouleraie, _f._ =birch´ing=, _n._, coups de verges, _m.pl._, le fouet, _m._ =birch´-tree= (-trî), _n._, bouleau, _m._ =bird= (beurde), _n._, oiseau, _m._ A — in hand is worth two in the bush; _un Tiens vaut mieux que deux Tu l’auras_. A little — told me; _mon petit doigt me l’a dit_. To kill two —s with one stone; _faire d’une pierre doux coups_. =bird=, _v.n._, oiseler. _V._ =fowl=. =bird´-cage=, _n._, cage d’oiseau, _f._ =bird´-call= (-cōl), _n._, appeau, pipeau, _m._ =bird´-catcher=, _n._, oiseleur, _m._ =bird´-eyed= (-aïe’de), _adj._, à œil d’oiseau. =bird´-fancier=, _n._, amateur d’oiseaux, _m._ =bird´like= (-laïke), _adj._, comme un oiseau. =bird´lime= (-laïme), _n._, glu, _f._ =bird´man=, _n._, oiseleur, _m._ =bird´-organ=, _n._, serinette, _f._ =bird´seller=, _n._, oiselier, _m._ =birds´eye= (beurd’z’aïe), _adj._, à vue d’oiseau. — view; _vue à vol d’oiseau_, _f._ =birds´foot= (-foute), _n._, (bot.) ornithope; pied d’oiseau, _m._ =bird´show=, _n._, exposition d’oiseaux, _f._ =bird´snarer=, _n._, oiseleur, _m._ =birds´nest=, _n._, nid d’oiseau, _m._; (bot.) carotte sauvage, _f._ =birds´nest=, _v.a._ To go birdsnesting; _aller dénicher des oiseaux_. =birds´nester=, _n._, dénicheur d’oiseaux, _m._ =bird´stuffer=, _n._, empailleur (d’oiseaux), _m._ =bird´-trap=, _n._, trébuchet, _m._ =bird´witted= (-tède), _adj._, à tête de linotte. =birth= (beurth), _n._, naissance; origine, source; couche, _f._, enfantement, _m._; (nav.) évitée, _f._, évitage, _m._ By —; _de naissance_. To give — to; _donner le jour_ =à=, (fig.) _donner lieu_ =à=, _occasionner_. =birth´day=, _n._, jour de naissance, _m._, fête, _f._ — card; _billet de faire part_. =birth´place= (-pléce), _n._, lieu natal, _m._ =birth´right= (-raïte), _n._, droit de naissance, (primogeniture) droit d’aînesse, _m._ =bis=, _adv._, bis. =bis´cuit= (bis’kite), _n._, biscuit, _m._ — dust; _poudre de biscuit_, _m._ — root; _camassie_, _f._ Bread and — baker; _boulanger_, _pâtissier_, _f._ =bise=, _n._ _V._ =bice=. =bisect´= (baï-cèkte), _v.a._, diviser en deux. =bisec´tion= (baï-), _n._, bissection, _f._ =bisex´ual= (baï-), _adj._, bissexuel. =bish´op= (bish’eupe), _n._, évêque; (at chess) fou, _m._; (of a fowl) mitre, _f._, bonnet d’évêque, _m._ —’s palace; _évêché_, _m._ =bish´oping=, _n._, maquignonnage, _m._ =bish´op-like= (-laïke), _adj._, d’évêque. =bish´opric=, _n._, évêché, _m._ =bish´ops-wort= (-weurte), _n._, ammi, _m._ =bisk=, _n._, bisque, _f._; coulis, _m._ =bis´muth= (biz’meuth), _n._, bismuth, _m._ =bissex´tile=, _n._, année bissextile, _f._ =bissex´tile=, _adj._, bissextil. =bis´tort= (-teurte), _n._, bistorte, _f._ =bis´toury= (bis-teuri), _n._, bistouri, _m._ =bis´ter= _ou_ =bis´tre= (bisteur), _n._, bistre, _f._ =bit=, _n._, morceau, _m._; pièce, _f._; brin, bout; peu, bout de chemin, _m._, distance; (nav.) bitte, _f._; (man.) mors, frein, _m._ Not a — of it! _pas un brin_, _pas le moins du monde_, _pas du tout_. — by —; _pièce à pièce_. I don’t care a —; _je m’en bats l’œil_. Every —, _ou_ every — of it; _en entier_, _entièrement_, _tout à fait_. =bit=, _v.a._, emboucher; (nav.) bitter. =bitch=, _n._, chienne, _f._; (in compounds) femelle, _f._ =bite= (baïte), _n._, morsure; piqûre; bouchée; (fig.) attrape; (fig.) attrapoire, _f._; (print.) larron; coup de dent, _m._ I have not had a single —; (fishing) _il ne m’est pas venu un seul poisson_. =bite=, _v.a._, (_preterit_, Bit; _past part._, Bit, Bitten) mordre; ronger; (of the wind) couper; attraper, duper, mettre dedans. — off; _déchirer avec les dents_. To — one’s lips; _se mordre les lèvres_. To — one’s thumb (at a person); _faire la nique à quelqu’un_. To — the bit; (of horses) _ronger le frein_. To — one’s nails; _se ronger les ongles_. =bite=, _v.n._, mordre. To —; (to take the bait) _mordre à l’hameçon._ Do the fish —? _faites vous bonne pêche?_ ou _le poisson mord-il?_ =bi´ter=, _n._, personne qui mord, _f._; (fig.) trompeur, _m._ It is a case of the — bit; _c’est fin contre fin_ ou _tel est pris qui croyait prendre_. =bi´ting=, _adj._, mordant, piquant; (of the wind) coupant. =bi´ting=, _n._, morsure, _f._ =bi´tingly=, _adv._, d’une manière mordante, d’une manière piquante. =bit´less= (bit’lèsse), _adj._, sans mors. =bit´tacle=, _n._ _V._ =binnacle=. =bit´ter=, _adj._, amer, aigre; acharné, mordant, cruel, piquant, rigoureux, vif. =bit´ter=, _n._, amer, _m._; amertume, _f._ =bit´terish=, _adj._, un peu amer. =bit´terishness=, _n._, légère amertume, _f._ =bit´terly=, _adv._, avec amertume; amèrement. =bit´tern= (bit’teurne), _n._, (orni.) butor, _m._; (chem.) eau mère, _f._ =bit´terness=, _n._, amertume, aigreur, _f._, fiel; acharnement, _m._ =bit´umen= (bi-tiou-mène), _n._, bitume, _m._ =bitu´minate= (-néte), _v.a._, bituminer. =bitu´minous= (-neusse), _adj._, bitumineux. =bi´valve=, =bivalv´ular=, _ou_ =bivalv´ous= (baï-, -leur, -veusse), _adj._, bivalve. =biv´ouac=, _n._, bivouac, _m._ =biv´ouac=, _v.n._, bivouaquer. =blab=, _n._, bavard, jaseur, _m._; bavarde, jaseuse, _f._; rapporteur, _m._, rapporteuse, _f._ =blab=, _v.a._, jaser =de=, bavarder =de=. =blab=, _v.n._, jaser, bavarder. =black=, _v.a._, noircir, cirer (of boots). =black=, _n._, noir, _m.pl._, (smuts) noirs, _m.pl._, particules de suie, _f.pl._ Ivory —; _noir d’ivoire_. Lamp —; _noir de fumée_. Dressed in —; _habillé de noir_. The —s; _les noirs_, _les nègres_, _m.pl._ In — and white; _en toutes lettres_, _par écrit_. =black=, _adj._, noir; (print.) imprimé; obscur, sombre, triste. To look — at any one; _regarder quelqu’un de travers_, _de mauvais œil_. He is hardly ever seen without a — eye; _on ne le voit guère sans un œil poché_. To beat — and blue; _rouer de coups_. To be — and blue; _être tout meurtri_. To make —; (fig.) _noircir_. =black´amoor= (-mour), _n._, More, nègre; (fam.) moricaud, _m._, moricaude, _f._ You cannot wash a — white; _à laver la tête d’un More on perd sa lessive_. =black´ball= (-bōle), _n._, cirage en boule, _m._; boule noire, _f._; rejet, _m._, diffamation, _f._ =black´ball=, _v.a._, rejeter au scrutin. =black´berry=, _n._, mûre sauvage, mûre de ronce, _f._ =black´berry-bush=, _n._, mûrier sauvage, _m._, ronce, _f._ =black´bird= (-beurde) _n._, merle, _m._ =black´board=, _n._, tableau noir, _m._ =black´-book=, _n._, registre des punitions; (sorcery) grimoire, _m._ =black´-cap=, _n._, bonnet noir, _m._, toque noire, _f._ =black´cock=, _n._, coq de bruyère, _m._ =black´-cur´rant=, _n._, cassis, _m._ =black´death=, _n._, peste, _f._ =black´-earth=, _n._, terreau, _m._ =black´en= (blak’n), _v.a._ and _n._, noircir; obscurcir. =black´guard= (blag’gârde), _n._, polisson, gredin, galopin, vaurien; (fam.) goujat, voyou, _m._ =black´guard=, _adj._, de polisson; de galopin; ignoble, sale, canaille. =black´guardism=, _n._, polissonnerie, _f._ =black´hole=, _n._, cachot, trou noir, cabanon, _m._ =black´ing=, _n._, cirage, _m._ =black´ish=, _adj._, noirâtre. =black´-lead=, _n._, mine de plomb, plombagine, _f._ =black´leg= (-lèghe), _n._, escroc, grec, _m._ =black´-letter=, _n._, lettre gothique, _f._ =black´ly=, _adv._, avec noirceur. =black´-mail= (-méle), _n._, redevance en blé, _ou_ en bœufs, _f._; tribut payé à des bandes de voleurs, _m._; (fig.) fraude, extorsion, exaction, _f._, chantage, _m._ _v.a._, faire chanter. =black´ness=, _n._, noirceur, _f._ =black´-sheep=, _n._, (fig.) brebis galeuse, _f._ =black´smith= (-smith), _n._, forgeron, _m._ —’s shop; _forge_, _f._ =black´y-top=, _n._, (orni.) traquet, _m._ =blad´der=, _n._, vessie, vésicule, ampoule, _f._; (fig.) bulle. —wort; (bot.) utriculaire, _f._ =blad´dered= (-deurde), _adj._, gonflé, enflé. =blad´dery=, _adj._, vésiculaire; vésiculeux. =blade= (bléde), _n._, lame (of cutting instruments), _f._; brin (of grass); plat (of an oar); gaillard, compagnon, compère, _m._ Old —; _vieux routier_. Young —; _jeune luron_. Jolly —; _joyeux compagnon_. =blade=, _v.a._, garnir d’une lame, mettre une lame =à=. =blade´bone= (-bône), _n._, omoplate, _f._ =bla´ded= (-’ède), _adj._, à feuilles, lamelleux; (min.) lamellé. Double —; _à deux lames_. =blain= (bléne), _n._, tumeur, pustule, _f._ =bla´mable= (blém’-), _adj._, blâmable. =blame= (bléme), _n._, blâme, _m._; faute, _f._ =blame=, _v.a._, blâmer, reprendre, s’en prendre =à=; censurer, accuser =de=. To lay the — on; _rejeter le blâme_ =sur=. =blame´ful= (-foule), _adj._, coupable, blâmable. =blame´less=, _n._, irrépréhensible, irréprochable, innocent, sans tache. =blame´lessly=, _adv._, irréprochablement. =blame´lessness=, _n._, innocence, _f._ =bla´mer=, _n._, désapprobateur, _m._ =blame´worthy= (-weurthi), _adj._, digne de blâme. =blanch=, _v.a._, blanchir; (to peel) peler; (fig.) pâlir; faire pâlir. =blanch=, _v.n._, pâlir; faiblir; tergiverser. =blanch´ing=, _n._, blanchiment, _m._ =blanc-mange´=, _n._, blanc-manger, _m._ =bland= (bla’n’de), _adj._, doux, aimable; (in a bad sense) doucereux, mielleux. =blandil´oquence= (-kwè’n’ce), _n._, doux parler, langage caressant, _m._ =bland´ish=, _v.a._, caresser, flatter, cajoler. =bland´ishing= _ou_ =bland´ishment=, _n._, caresse, _f._; attrait, charme, _m._ =bland´ness=, _n._, douceur, affabilité, _f._ =blank= (blai’gnke), _adj._, blanc, en blanc; (fig.) pâle; confus, déconcerté; (arch.) faux; (of cartridges) à blanc, sans balle. To fire with — cartridge; _tirer à blanc_. =blank=, _n._, blanc; (of lotteries) billet blanc, billet perdant; (fig.) vide, _m._, lacune, _f._ In —; _en blanc_. My mind is a perfect —; _mon esprit est, pour ainsi dire, un grand feuillet blanc_. =blank=, _v.a._, laisser vide, laisser en blanc; faire pâlir, pâlir; confondre; annuler. =blank´et= (blai’gnk’ète), _n._, couverture, _f._; (print.) blanchet, _m._ =blank´et=, _v.a._, envelopper avec une couverture. =blanketeer´= (-î’eur), _n._, berneur, _m._ =blank´ly=, _adv._, avec confusion. =blank´ness=, _n._, blancheur, pâleur, _f._ =blare= (blère), _v.n._, (l.u.) rugir, beugler. =blar´ney=, _v.a._, encenser, enjôler, flagorner; payer en monnaie de singe. =blar´ney=, _n._, eau bénite de cour, flagornerie, monnaie de singe, _f._ =blaspheme´= (-fîme), _v.a._ and _n._, blasphémer. =blasphe´mer=, _n._, blasphémateur, _m._ =blas´phemous= (-fi-meusse), _adj._, blasphématoire. =blas´phemously=, _adv._, avec blasphème. =blas´phemy= (-fi-), _n._, blasphème, _m._ =blast=, _n._, souffle; vent, coup de vent; vent pestilentiel; son d’un instrument à vent, _m._; explosion, _f._; (fig.) souffle destructeur. =blast=, _v.a._, flétrir; brûler; détruire, ruiner; (mines) faire sauter. =blast´-engine=, _n._, machine soufflante, _f._ =blast´er=, _n._, destructeur, détracteur, _m._ =blast´-furnace= (-feur-nèce), _n._, haut fourneau, _m._ =blast´ing=, _adj._, destructeur. =blast´ing=, _n._, (mines) sautage, _m._; explosion, _f._ =blast´pipe= (-païpe), _n._, tuyau d’échappement, _m._; tuyère, _f._ =bla´tant=, _adj._, bruyant, beuglant; (fig.) pompeux, ronflant. =blay=, _n._, (ich.) able, _m._, ablette, _f._ =blaze= (bléze), _n._, flamme; lumière, _f._; feu; éclat, bruit, tumulte, _m._; (man.) étoile, _f._ To be a—; _s’enflammer_. =blaze=, _v.n._, être en flammes; flamber, brûler, briller. =blaze=, _v.a._, répandre; (abroad) crier par dessus les toits; faire connaître, publier. =bla´zing=, _adj._, flamboyant; brillant; enflammé, embrasé. _n._, flamboiement. =bla´zon= (blé-z’n), _n._, blason, _m._; révélation, divulgation, _f._ =bla´zon=, _v.a._, blasonner; faire briller; proclamer, publier. To — abroad; _crier par-dessus les toits_. =bleach= (blîtshe), _v.a._, rendre blanc, blanchir; pâlir. =bleach=, _v.n._, blanchir. =bleach´er=, _n._, blanchisseur (of linen cloth), _m._ =bleach´ing= _n._, blanchiment, _m._ =bleach´ing-liq´uid= (-lik’wide), _n._, eau de javelle, _f._ =bleach´-works= (-weurkse), _n._, blanchisserie, _f._ =bleak= (blîke), _adj._, froid; glacial; désert, triste; ouvert, sans abri. =bleak´ish=, _adj._, assez froid, assez triste. =bleak´ly=, _adv._, froidement. =bleak´ness=, _n._, froidure, _f._; froid glacial, _m._, tristesse, nudité, _f._ =bleak´y=, _adj._ (ant.). _V._ =bleak=. =blear= (blîre), _adj._, chassieux. —-eyed; _chassieux_. =blear=, _v.a._, rendre chassieux; (fig.) troubler. =blear´edness= (blîr’èd’-), _n._, chassie, lippitude, _f._ =bleat= (blîte), _v.n._, bêler. =bleat=, _n._, bêlement, _m._ =bleat´ing=, _adj._, bêlant. =bleat´ing=, _n._, bêlement, _m._ =bleb= (blèbe), _n._, ampoule, vésicule, _f._ =bleb´by=, _adj._, vésiculaire. =bleed= (blîde), _v.n._, (_preterit_ and _past part._, Bled) saigner; périr; couler; pleurer (of vines). =bleed=, _v.a._ and _n._, saigner; (pop.) faire débourser, faire rendre gorge =à=; (pop.) débourser. To — at the nose; _saigner du nez_. =bleed´ing=, _n._, saignement, _m._; (surg.) saignée, _f._ =bleed´ing=, _adj._, ensanglanté, couvert de sang. =blem´ish= (blè’-), _v.a._, flétrir, ternir. =blem´ish=, _n._, flétrissure, tache, _f._; défaut, _m._ =blend= (blè’n’de), _v.a._, fondre, mêler, mélanger; marier, allier =à= _ou_ =avec=. =blend=, _v.n._, se fondre, se marier =à= _ou_ =avec=; (engraving) grener. To — with; _se confondre_ =avec=, _se mêler_ =avec=. =blende=, _n._, (min.) blende, _f._ =blend´ing=, _n._, fusion, _f._; mélange, _m._; (engr.) grenure, _f._ =blennorrhœ´a=, _n._, (med.) blennorrhée, _f._ =bless=, _v.a._, bénir; rendre heureux, faire le bonheur =de=; charmer; réjouir. God — you! _Dieu vous bénisse!_ — my heart, my soul; _mon dieu!_ _sapristi!_ To — with; _douer_ =de=. =blessed´= (blèste _ou_ blèss’ède), _adj._, béni, saint; bienheureux; heureux. To be — with; _avoir le bonheur d’avoir_; _être doué_ =de=; _jouir_ =de=. The — Virgin; _la sainte Vierge_. The whole — day; _toute la sainte_, ou _la bénite_, _journée_. =bless´edly= (blèss’èd’li), _adv._, heureusement. =bless´edness= (blèss’èd’-), _n._, béatitude, félicité, grâce, _f._, bonheur, _m._ Single —; _célibat_, _m._ =bless´er=, _n._, personne qui bénit, _f._ =bless´ing=, _n._, bénédiction, _f._; bonheur, bénédicité; bienfait; bien, _m._; grâce, _f._ =blest=, _adj._ _V._ =blessed=. =blight= (blaïte), _v.a._, (of the wind) flétrir; (of the sun) brouir; (of fungi) nieller; (fig.) frustrer, détruire, ruiner, briser, anéantir. =blight=, _n._, (of flowers and fruit) brouissure; (of corn) nielle, rouille; (fig.) flétrissure, tache, _f._ =blind= (blaï’n’de), _adj._, aveugle; obscur; (of doors) faux. — of one eye; _borgne_. Stone-—; _complètement aveugle_. — alley; _cul-de-sac_, _m._; _impasse_, _f._ =blind=, _n._, (fort.) blinde, _f._; store, abat-jour, _m._; jalousie, persienne, _f._; (fig.) voile, masque, _m._ Venetian —; _jalousie_. =blind=, _v.a._, aveugler; bander les yeux =à=, obscurir, voiler, embrouiller. =blind´fold= (-fôlde), _v.a._, bander les yeux =à=, empêcher de voir. =blind´fold=, _adj._, les yeux bandés; (fig.) aveugle. =blind´ly=, _adv._, aveuglément. =blind´-maker=, _m._, fabricant de persiennes, etc. =blind´man’s-buff= (blaï’n’d’ma’n’z’beufe), _n._, colin-maillard, _m._ =blind´ness=, _m._, cécité, _f._; aveuglement, _m._; ignorance, _f._ =blind´side= (-saïde), _n._, côté faible, _m._ =blink= (blign’ke), _v.n._, cligner =de=; clignoter =de=. =blink=, _v.a._, offusquer, fermer les yeux =sur=, se refuser =à=, refuser de voir; éluder. =blink=, _n._, clignement; clignotement, _m._ =blink´er=, _n._, personne qui cligne des yeux; visière, _f._; bandeau, _m._; (horses) œillère, _f._ =bliss=, _n._, félicité, béatitude, _f._; bonheur, _m._ =bliss´ful= (-foule), _adj._, bienheureux. =bliss´fully=, _adv._, dans la félicité; heureusement. =bliss´fulness=, _n._, félicité, béatitude, _f._ =blis´ter=, _n._, ampoule, cloche, bulle, vessie, _f._; (med.) vésicatoire, _m._ =blis´ter=, _v.a._, appliquer un vésicatoire; faire venir des ampoules. =blis´ter=, _v.n._, s’élever en forme de vessie; se couvrir d’ampoules. =blis´ter-fly= (-flaïe), _n._, mouche à vésicatoire, cantharide, _f._ =blite= (blaïte), _n._, (bot.) blette, blète, _f._ =blithe= (blaïthe), _adj._, gai, joyeux. =blithe´ly=, _adv._, joyeusement, gaîment _ou_ gaiement. =blithe´some= (blaïth’ceume), _adj._, gai, joyeux. =blithe´someness=, _n._, gaîté, joie, _f._ =bloat= (blôte), _v.a._, gonfler, bouffir, boursouffler, enfler, rendre vain; fumer, saurer (of herrings). =bloat=, _v.n._, bouffir, s’enfler. =bloat´ed= (blôt’ède), _adj._, bouffi =de=, gonflé =de=. — aristocrat; (fam.) _aristo_, _m._ =bloat´edness=, _n._, bouffissure, enflure, _f._ =bloat´er=, _n._, hareng saur, _m._ =blob´ber=, _n._, bulle, _f._ =blob´ber-lip=, _n._, grosse lèvre, _f._ =blob´ber-lipped= (-lipte), _adj._, lippu. =block=, _n._, bloc, billot, _m._; (hair-dressing) tête à perruque, _f._; (of wood-cuts) planche, _f._; (for ribbons) rouleau, _m._; forme (of a hat); (nav.) poulie, _f._; (print.) encrier; (of coopers) charpi, _m._; (of a pulley) chape; (nav.) poulie, _f._; (of stereoplates) cliché, _m._; (fig.) bûche, _f._ — of houses; _pâté de maisons_, _m._ Stumbling —; _pierre d’achoppement_, _f._ =block=, _v.a._, bloquer. — up; _fermer_, _boucher_; _condamner_, _murer_. =blockade´= (blok’éde), _n._, blocus, _m._ — runner; _forceur de blocus_, _m._ — running; _forcement de blocus_, _m._ =blockade´=, _v.a._, bloquer, faire le blocus =de=. =block´head= (-hède), _n._, ganache, bûche, _f._; imbécile, _m.f._; sot, _m._, sotte, _f._ =block´headed=, _adj._, sot, stupide. =block´ishly=, _adv._, stupidement. =block´ishness=, _n._, stupidité, _f._ =block´like= (-laïke), _adj._, comme un imbécile. =block´tin=, _n._, étain en saumon, _m._ =blood= (bleude), _n._, sang, _m._; (fig.) parenté, _f._; tempérament, _m._; (man.) race, _f._ That makes one’s — run cold; _cela glace le sang_. One cannot draw — out of a stone; _on ne saurait tirer de l’huile d’un mur_. In cold —; _de sang froid_. =blood=, _v.a._, saigner; ensanglanter, mettre en curée (of dogs); (fig.) exaspérer, échauffer. =blood´-colored= (-keul’leur’de), _adj._, couleur de sang. =blood´-guiltiness= (-ghil-), _n._, crime de meurtre, _m._ =blood´heat= (-hîte), _n._, chaleur du sang, chaleur animale, _f._ =blood´-horse=, _n._, cheval de race, cheval pur sang; cheval de course, _m._ =blood´hound= (-haou’n’de), _n._, limier, _m._ =blood´ily=, _adv._, d’une manière sanglante; d’une manière sanguinaire. =blood´iness=, _n._, disposition sanguinaire, _f._; état sanglant, _m._ =blood´less=, _adj._, qui n’a point de sang; pâle, inanimé. — victory; _victoire non sanglante_, ou _sans effusion de sang_, _f._ =blood´let= (-lète), _v.a._, phlébotomiser, saigner. =blood´letter=, _n._, phlébotomiste, _m._ =blood´letting=, _n._, phlébotomie, saignée, _f._ =blood´shed= (-shède), _n._, effusion de sang, _f._; sang répandu, _m._ =blood´shedder=, _n._, meurtrier, _m._ =blood´shedding=, _n._, effusion de sang, _f._ =blood´shot= (-shote), _adj._, rouge; (of the eyes) éraillé, injecté de sang. =blood´-stone= (-stône), _n._, sanguine, _f._; jaspe sanguin, _m._ =blood´sucker= (-seuk’-), _n._, suceur de sang; buveur de sang, _m._ =blood´thirstiness= (-theurs’-), _n._, soif de sang, _f._ =blood´thirsty=, _adj._, sanguinaire, altéré de sang. =blood´vessel=, _n._, vaisseau sanguin, _m._ =blood´-wood= (-woude), _n._, bois de campêche, _m._ =blood´wort= (-weurte), _n._, (bot.) sanguinaire, _f._ =blood´y=, _adj._, de sang, sanglant, sanguinaire. =bloom= (bloume), _n._, fleur; fraîcheur; (of fruit) fleur, _f._; velouté, _m._; (metal.) loupe, _f._ In —; _en fleur_. =bloom=, _v.n._, fleurir, briller; être éclatant; (of varnish) chancir. =bloom´ingly=, _adv._, d’une manière florissante, avec éclat. =bloom´y=, _adj._, fleuri, fleurissant. =blos´som= (blos’seume), _n._, fleur, _f._ =blos´som=, _v.n._, fleurir, être en fleur. To — into; _avoir comme floraison_; _s’épanouir_ =en=. =blos´somy=, _adj._, couvert de fleurs. =blot= (blote), _n._, tache; effaçure, rature, _f._; (of ink) pâté, _m._, tache, _f._ =blot=, _v.a._, tacher, noircir; (of ink) faire un pâté =sur=; effacer; souiller. To — out; _rayer_, _effacer_. =blot=, _v.n._, (of paper) boire. =blotch=, _n._, pustule, _f._ =blotch=, _v.a._, couvrir de pustules, tacher, noircir. =blotched=, _adj._, couperosé; bourgeonné. =blote= (blôte), _v.a._, (of herrings) fumer, saurer. =blot´ting= (blot’-), _adj._, qui fait des taches; (of paper) qui boit, buvard. =blot´ting-case= (-kéce), _n._, buvard, _m._ =blot´ting-paper= (-pé-peur), _n._, papier brouillard, buvard, _m._ =blouse=, _n._, blouse; chemisette, _f._ =blow=, _n._, coup; (nav.) grain, _m._, brise, _f._ A — with a stick; _un coup de bâton_. To deal any one a —; _porter un coup à quelqu’un_. Without striking a —; _sans coup férir_. At a single —; _d’un seul coup_. To come to —s; _en venir aux mains_, _en venir aux voies de fait_. A fly —; _chiure de mouche_, _f._ =blow=, _v.n._, (_preterit_, Blew; _past part._, Blown) souffler; faire, y avoir, du vent; (of wind-instruments) sonner; (of flowers) s’épanouir. To — over; _passer_, _se dissiper_. To — up; (by gunpowder) _sauter_; _éclater_. It is blowing; _il fait du vent_. It is blowing great guns; _il fait une tempête à tout casser_. =blow=, _v.a._, chasser; souffler; (of wind-instruments) sonner; (of flies) couvrir de piqûres, couvrir d’œufs. To — one’s nose; _se moucher_. To — away; _chasser_; _dissiper_. To — down; _renverser_, _abattre_ (_par le vent_), _casser_, _briser_, _enfoncer_. To — out; _souffler_, _éteindre_ (_une lumière_); _faire sauter_ (_la cervelle_). To — out one’s brains; _se faire sauter_, _se brûler_, _la cervelle_. To — hot and cold; _souffler le froid et le chaud_. To — up; _souffler en l’air_; _faire sauter_ (_par la poudre_). To — any one up; _faire une scène à quelqu’un_; _donner un savon à quelqu’un_. You be blowed! _allez au diable!_ _allez-vous promener!_ =blow´er=, _n._, souffleur, _m._, souffleuse, _f._; rideau de cheminée, _m._ =blow´fly= (-flaïe), _n._, mouche à viande, _f._ =blow´ing=, _n._, action de souffler, _f._; souffle; (of glass) soufflage; (of wind-instruments) son, _m._ =blowing-up=, _n._, savon, _m._ To give a good — to; _lancer vertement_. =blow´-out=, _n._, bombance, ripaille, _f._ =blow´pipe= (-païpe), _n._, chalumeau, _m._ =blowze= (blaouze), _n._, grosse joufflue, _f._ =blow´zy=, _adj._, haut en couleur, hâlé, joufflu, rubicond. =blub´ber= (bleub’beur), _n._, lard de baleine, _m._, graisse de baleine; ortie de mer, _f._ =blub´ber=, _v.n._, pleurer comme un veau. =blub´berer=, _n._, =blub´bering=, _adj._, pleurard, -e, _m.f._ =bludg´eon= (bleud’jeune), _n._, assommoir, casse-tête, _m._; trique, _f._ =blue=, _adj._, bleu, azur. To look —; _faire la grimace_. =blue= (blou), _n._, bleu, azur, _m._ Prussian —; _bleu de Prusse_. Sky —; _bleu de ciel_. =blue=, _v.a._, bleuir; (dy.) mettre, _ou_ teindre, en bleu; (washing) passer au bleu. =blue´bell=, _n._, jacinthe des prés, clochette, _f._ =blue´bottle= (-bot-t’l), _n._, (bot.) bluet, _m._; (ent.) mouche bleue, _f._ =blue´-book=, _n._, livre jaune, _m._ =blue´-devils= (-dèv’lze), _n.pl._, maladie noire, _f._; papillons noirs, _m.pl._ =blue´ness= (-nèsse), _n._, couleur bleue, _f._ =blue´-pill=, _n._, pilule mercurielle, _f._ =blue´stocking=, _n._, bas bleu, _m._, femme savante, _f._ =blue´-throat=, _n._, gorge-bleue, _m._ =bluff= (bleufe), _adj._, gros; rude; criard, colère, violent, brusque; (steep) escarpé, accore. =bluff=, _n._, (nav.) accore, _m._, falaise, berge, _f._, escarpement, _m._ =bluff´ness= (-nèsse), _n._, rudesse, rondeur, brusquerie, _f._ =blu´ish= (blou-ishe), _adj._, bleuâtre. =blu´ishness= (-nèsse), _n._, couleur bleuâtre, teinte bleuâtre, _f._ =blun´der= (bleu’n’-), _n._, bévue, grosse faute, étourderie, balourdise; (pop.) gaffe, _f._ =blun´der=, _v.n._, faire une bévue. — about; _agir en étourdi_. =blun´der=, _v.a._, embrouiller. — a thing out; _lâcher quelque chose_, _dire sans y penser_, _laisser échapper_. =blun´derbuss= (-beusse), _n._, espingole, _f._; tromblon, _m._ =blun´derer=, _n._, faiseur de bévues, _m._, faiseuse de bévues, _f._; maladroit, _m._, maladroite, _f._, étourdi, _m._, étourdie, _f._ =blun´der-head= (-hède), _n._, brouillon, _m._, brouillonne, _f._ =blun´dering=, _adj._, qui fait des bévues; étourdi. =blun´deringly=, _adv._, étourdiment, en étourdi. =blunt= (bleu’n’te), _adj._, émoussé, épointé; (fig., pers.) brusque, grossier, obtus; bourru. =blunt=, _v.a._, émousser, épointer; (fig.) adoucir, amortir. =blunt´ly=, _adv._, brusquement, crûment; de but en blanc. =blunt´ness= (-nèsse), _n._, épointement, _m._; (fig.) brusquerie, rudesse, _f._ =blunt´-witted=, _adj._, stupide, lourd, borné. =blur= (bleur), _n._, tache, _f._ =blur=, _v.a._, tacher, barbouiller; souiller, ternir. =blurt out´= (bleurte), _v.a._, jeter, dire à l’étourdie, laisser échapper, lâcher. =blush= (bleushe), _v.n._, rougir =de= ou =pour=, avoir honte =de=. =blush=, _n._, rougeur, _f._ Her color rose; _la rougeur lui monta au visage_. At the first —; _au premier aspect_, _au premier abord_. To put to the —; _faire rougir_. =blush´ing=, _adj._, rougissant; qui rougit. =blush´less= (-lèsse), _adj._, impudent; effronté. =blus´ter= (bleus’teur), _v.n._, faire du fracas; tempêter, crier =contre=. =blus´ter=, _n._, fracas, bruit, tapage, _m._; fanfaronnade, (of storms) fureur, _f._; (of anger) emportement, _m._ Why all this —? _pourquoi tout cet emportement?_ =blus´terer=, _n._, fanfaron, rodomont, tapageur, _m._ =blus´tering=, _adj._, (of weather) orageux; (of noise) bruyant; fanfaron. — fellow; _fanfaron_, _m._ =blus´teringly=, _adv._, en tempêtant, en criant. =boa=, _n._, (zoöl.) boa; (fur) boa, _m._ =bo´a-constrict´or= (-con’stric-teur), _n._, boa, boa constricteur; devin, _m._ =boar= (bôre), _n._, verrat, _m._ Wild —; _sanglier_, _m._ Young wild —; _marcassin_, _m._ — hound; _chien de sanglier_, _m._ — hunt; _chasse au sanglier_, _f._ =board= (bôrde), _n._, planche, _f._; ais, écriteau, _m._; (aliments) table, pension, nourriture, _f._; (print.) carton; (of tailors) établi; (council) conseil; (book-bind.) plat; (nav.) bord, _m._ — of Trade; _ministère du commerce_, _m._ — of works; _ministère des travaux publics_, _m._ To bind in —s; _cartonner_. To put out to —; _mettre en pension_. — of examiners; _jury d’examen_, _m._ — of directors; _conseil d’administration_, _m._ On —; _à bord_. On — a ship; _à bord d’un vaisseau_. To go on —; _aller à bord_, _s’embarquer_. On — one’s ship; _à son bord_. =board=, _v.a._, planchéier; (nav.) aborder; nourrir, mettre en pension. =board=, _v.n._, être, se mettre en pension. =board´able=, _adj._, abordable. =board´er=, _n._, pensionnaire; interne, pensionnaire (at school), _m.f._ =board´ing=, _n._, planchéiage; table, nourriture; pension, _f._; (nav.) abordage, _m._ =board´ing-house= (-haouce), _n._, pension bourgeoise, pension de famille, _f._ =board´ing-pike= (-païke), _n._, (nav.) pique d’abordage, _f._ =board´ing-school= (-skoule), _n._, pension, institution, _f._; pensionnat, _m._ =board´-wages= (-wé’djize), _n.pl._, gages pour frais de nourriture, _m.pl._ To be on —; _avoir tant pour frais de nourriture_. =boar´ish= (bôr’ishe), _adj._, de sanglier; brutal, grossier. =boar´-spear= (-spîre), (hunt.) épieu, _m._ =boast= (bôste), _v.a._, vanter; (mas., sculpt.) ébaucher. =boast=, _v.n._, se vanter =de=, se glorifier =de=; se faire fort =de=. =boast=, _n._, vanterie, jactance, _f._ To make a — of; _se vanter_ =de=, _se faire gloire_ =de=, _tirer vanité_ =de=. =boast´er=, _n._, vantard; (mas., sculpt.) ébauchoir, _m._ =boast´ful= (-foule), _adj._, vantard; arrogant; orgueilleux; vain. =boast´ing=, _n._, vanterie, jactance, fanfaronnade, gloriole, _f._ =boast´ingly=, _adv._, avec vanterie, avec jactance. =boast´ing-tool= (-toule), _n._, (mas., sculpt.) ébauchoir, _m._ =boat= (bôte), _n._, bateau, canot, _m._; barque, _f._ Long-—; _chaloupe_, _f._ She is a fine —; _c’est un superbe bâtiment_. By —; _par eau_ (fig.). To be in the same — with; _être dans le même pétrin_, _être dans la même galère_; _être du même coté que_. =boat=, _v.a._, transporter par bateau. To — the oars; _rentrer les avirons_. =boat´builder= (-bild’eur), _n._, constructeur de bateaux, _m._ =boat´-hook= (-houke), _n._, gaffe, _f._ =boat´-house= (-haouce), _n._, hangar à bateaux, _m._ =boat´ing=, _n._, batelage, _m._; promenade en bateau, _f._; canotage, _m._ =boat´-keeper=, _n._, canotier, _m._ =boat´-load= (-lôde), _n._, batelée, _f._ =boat´man= _ou_ =boats´man= (bôt’ma’n, bôt’s’ma’n), _n._, batelier, _m._ =boat´-oar= (-ôre), _n._, rame, _f._; aviron, _m._ =boat´-rope= (-rôpe), _n._, câbleau, câblot, _m._ =boats´man=, _n._ _V._ =boatman=. =boat´swain= (-swéne, bôs’n), _n._, (nav.) maître d’équipage, _m._ —’s mate; _contre-maître_, _m._ =boat´ up=, _v.a._, remonter en bateau. =bob=, _n._, (end) bout; (tassel) gland; pendant, _m._; (wig) perruque à nœuds; lentille (of a pendulum), _f._; (blow) coup, _m._, tape, _f._; (of a stanza) refrain; (pop.) schelling, _m._ =bob=, _v.a._, écourter (the tail); (to drub) houspiller, rosser; (to cheat) attraper, mettre dedans; secouer, ballotter, balancer; bafouer; (to strike) taper; escamoter. =bob=, _v.n._, heurter; pendiller, osciller, s’agiter. To — down; _se baisser rapidement_. To — up; _reparaître_, _revenir à la surface_. =bob´bin= (bob’bine), _n._, bobine, _f._; fuseau à dentelle, _m._; ganse, _f._ =bob´bin-work= (-weurke), _n._, ouvrage fait à la bobine, _m._ =bob´by=, _n._, (pop.) gardien de la paix; (pop.) cogne, _m._ =bob´tail= (-téle), _n._, queue écourtée; canaille, _f._ =bob´tailed= (-tél’de), _adj._, à queue écourtée. =bob´wig=, _n._, perruque à nœuds _ou_ perruque ronde, _f._ =boc´asine= (boc’a-cine), _n._, (com.) boucassin, _m._ =bode= (bôde), _v.a._, présager. =bode well´=, =ill´=, _v.n._, être de bon augure, de mauvais augure. =bod´ice= (bod’ice), _n._, cache-corset; corsage, _m._ =bod´ied= (bod’ide), _adj._, à corps. Full — wine; _vin corsé_, _m._ =bod´iless= (-lèsse), _adj._, sans corps; incorporel. =bod´ily=, _adj._, corporel, matériel, réel. =bod´ily=, _adv._, corporellement; entièrement; en masse. =bod´ing=, _n._, présage, pronostic, _m._ =bod´kin= (bod’kine), _n._, poinçon; passe-lacet, _m._; (print.) pointe, _f._ =bod´y=, _n._, corps; (geom.) solide; (principal thing) fond; (center) cœur, center; (main body of an army) gros, _m._; (of a church) nef; (of a carriage) caisse, _f._; (of a dress) corsage, _m._; (jur.) personne, _f._ Dead —; _corps mort_; _cadavre_, _m._ To have —; (of wine) _être corsé_. Public —; _corporation_, _f._ Some—; _quelqu’un_. Any—; _quelqu’un_, _tout le monde_. No—; _ne personne_. Every—; _tout le monde_. In a —; _en corps_, _en masse_. Any—; _personne_. — snatcher; _déterreur de cadavres_, _m._ — linen; _linge de corps_, _m._ — snatching; _déterrement_ (_de cadavres_). =bod´y=, _v.a._ _V._ =embody=. =bod´y-clothes= (-cloze), _n.pl._, (for a horse) housse, couverture, _f._ =bod´y-guard=, _n._, garde du corps, escorte, _f._ =bog=, _n._, marais, marécage, _m._, fondrière, _f._ =bog=, _v.a._, embourber. =bog´bean= (-bîne), _n._, (bot.) ménianthe trifolié, trèfle d’eau, _m._ =bog´gle= (bog’g’l), _v.n._, hésiter =à=; dissimuler; reculer =devant=; (to haggle) marchander, barguigner; (to dissemble) feindre, dissimuler. =bog´gler=, _n._, couard, peureux, _m._, peureuse, _f._; barguigneur, _m._, barguigneuse, _f._ =bog´gling=, _n._, hésitation, irrésolution, _f._; (fam.) barguignage, _m._ =bog´gy= (bog’ghi), _adj._, marécageux. =bog´-trotter=, _n._, habitant des marais, _m._ =bohea´= (bô-hî), _n._, thé bohé, _m._ =boil= (bo-île), _v.a._, faire bouillir. =boil=, _v.n._, bouillir; (to bubble) bouillonner; pétiller. To — away; _ébouillir_. To — fast; _bouillir_, ou _faire bouillir_, _à gros bouillons_. To — slowly; _bouillir_, ou _faire bouillir_, _à petits bouillons_, _doucement_. To — over; _déborder_, _bouillonner_. To — up; _monter_. To — to rags; _pourrir à force de cuire_. =boil=, _n._, (med.) furoncle; clou, _m._ =boil´er=, _n._, (pers.) bouilleur, _m._; (thing) bouilloire; chaudière, _f._, bouilleur (of a steam-engine), _m._ =boil´er-ma´ker=, _n._, chaudronnier, _m._ =boil´er-manufac´tory=, _n._, chaudronnerie, _f._ =boil´er-tube= (-tioube), _n._, (mec.) tube de bouilleur, _m._ =boil´ery=, _n._, bouillerie, _f._ (salt-works). =boil´ing=, _n._, bouillonnement, _m._; ébullition, _f._ =boil´ing=, _adj._, bouillant; en ébullition. — hot; _tout bouillant_. =bois´terous= (bo-is’teur’eusse), _adj._, orageux; violent, impétueux, furieux; vif; bruyant; turbulent. =bois´terously=, _adv._, impétueusement, violemment, bruyamment. =bois´terousness=, _n._, impétuosité; turbulence, violence, _f._ =bo´lary=, _adj._, (min.) bolaire, sigillé, argileux. =bold= (bôlde), _adj._, hardi; audacieux, téméraire; impudent, effronté; assuré; (clear) saillant, net; escarpé; (steep) accore. To make — to; _prendre la liberté_ =de=; _se permettre_ =de=. To make — with; _prendre des libertés_ =avec=; _agir cavalièrement_ =avec=. As — as brass; _hardi comme un page_. =bold´face=, _n._, impudence, effronterie, _f._; (pers.) impudent, effronté, _m._ =bold´faced=, _adj._, impudent, effronté. =bold´ly=, _adv._, hardiment, courageusement, intrépidement, impudemment; (clearly) nettement. =bold´ness=, _n._, hardiesse, audace, assurance; impudence; netteté, _f._ =bole= (bôle), _n._, bol; (of a tree) tronc, _m._ =bo´lis= (bô-lisse), _n._, bolide, _m._, (nav.) sonde, _f._ =boll= (bōl), _n._, (bot.) balle, _f._ =boll=, _v.n._, monter en graine. =bol´ster= (bôl-), _n._, traversin; coussin; (arch.) couchis; (nav.) coussin de ferrure, _m._ =bol´ster=, _v.a._, mettre un traversin =sous=; (fig.) appuyer, soutenir. =bol´sterer=, _n._, défenseur, appui, soutien, _m._ =bol´stering=, _n._, appui, soutien, _m._ =bolt= (bôlte), _n._, verrou; pène; bluteau, blutoir, sas, _m._; cheville, _f._; (fig.) trait; (leap) saut, bond, _m._ To draw a —; _tirer un verrou_. — upright, _adj._; _tout droit_, _droit comme un I_. =bolt=, _v.a._, verrouiller; fermer au verrou; (to sift) bluter; sasser; (to swallow) gober; avaler sans mastiquer. To — in; _enfermer au verrou_. To — one’s self in; _s’enfermer au verrou_. To — any one out; _mettre le verrou contre quelqu’un_. =bolt=, _v.n._, se lancer; décamper, filer; prendre la clef des champs; (of a horse) s’emporter. To — in; _entrer brusquement_. To — out; _sortir brusquement_. =bolt´er=, _n._, bluteau, sas, _m._ =bolt´ing=, _n._, (with a pin) chevillage; verrouillement (of doors); (sifting) blutage, _m._ =bolt´ing-cloth= (-clōth), _n._, étamine, _f._ =bolt´ing-house= (-haouce), _n._, bluterie, _f._ =bolt´ing-hutch= (-heutshe), _n._, huche à bluter, _f._ =bolt´ing-mill=, _n._, bluteau mécanique; blutoir, _m._ =bolt´ing-pin=, _n._, cheville, _f._ =bolt´-rope= (-rôpe), _n._, (nav.) ralingue, _f._ =bo´lus= (bô-leusse), _n._, (pharm.) bolus, bol, _m._ =bomb= (beume), _n._, bombe, _f._; bruit éclatant, _m._ —shell; _bombe_, _f._; _obus_, _m._ =bombard´=, _v.a._, bombarder. =bombardier´= (-bardieur), _n._, bombardier, _m._ =bombard´ment= (-bârd’-), _n._, bombardement, _m._ =bombar´do= (beu’m’bârdo), _n._, (mus.) bombarde, _f._ =bom´bast= (beu’m’bâste _ou_ bo’m’-), _n._, pathos, boursouflage, _m._; enflure, _f._; (pers.) vantard, _m._ =bombas´ter=, _n._, le capitaine Fracasse, _m._ =bombas´tic=, _adj._, enflé, ampoulé. =bom´bastry=, _n._, enflure, _f._; boursouflage, _m._ =bombazine´= (beu’m’ba-zîne), _n._, alépine, _f._ =bomb´ketch= (-kètshe) _ou_ =bomb´-vessel= (-vès’s’l), _n._, galiote à bombes, bombarde, _f._ =bomb´-proof= (-proufe), _adj._, à l’épreuve de la bombe. =bo´na-fi´de= (bô’na-faï-di), _adj._, sérieux et de bonne foi. =bo´na-fi´de=, _adv._, sérieusement et de bonne foi. =bond= (bo’n’de), _n._, lien; engagement; (carp.) assemblage, _m._; (jur., fin.) obligation, _f._; (fin.) bon, billet, _m._, signature, _f._; (of the customs) entrepôt, _m._ Matrimonial —; _lien conjugal_. To enter into a —; (jur.) _passer une obligation_. In —; _à l’entrepôt_. In —s; _dans les fers_. =bond=, _v.a._, entreposer. —ed goods; _marchandise entreposée_, _f.sing._ =bond´age= (bo’n’d’édje), _n._, esclavage, servage, _m._; servitude, _f._ =bond´er=, _n._, entrepositaire, _m.f._ =bond´-holder= (-hôld’-), _n._, porteur de bon, détenteur de bon, d’obligation, _m._ =bond´ing=, _n._, entreposage, _m._ =bond´man= (-ma’n), _n._, (_bondmen_) serf, esclave, ☉bonhomme, _m._ =bond´servant= (-seur-), _n._, esclave, _m.f._ =bond´service= (-seur-), _n._, esclavage, _m._ =bond´slave= (-sléve), _n._, esclave, _m.f._ =bonds´man= (bo’n’dz’ma’n), _n._, (_bondsmen_) (jur.) caution, _f._, (ant.) esclave, _m._ =bond´-stone= (-stône), _n._, (mas.) boutisse, _f._ =bonds´woman= (-wou’m’a’n), _n._, esclave, _f._ =bone= (bône), _n._, os, _m._; (of fish) arête; (of whale) baleine; (of teeth) ivoire, _f.pl._, ossements; restes mortels, _m.pl._ — of contention; _pomme de discorde_, _f._ To the back—; _jusqu’à la moelle des os_. He makes no —s about that; _il ne se fait pas scrupule de le faire_; _il n’en fait ni une ni deux_. To have a — to pick with any one; _avoir maille à partir_, _quelque chose à démêler_, =avec= _quelqu’un_. What is bred in the — will never come out of the flesh; _la caque sent toujours le hareng_. To make no —s; _ne pas se faire scrupule_ =de=. To make —s about; _faire des façons_ =pour=. To make old —s; _vivre vieux_. Not to make old —s; _mourir jeune_. =bone=, _v.a._, désosser; (pop.) chiper. =bone´-ache= (-éke), _n._, douleurs ostéocopes, _f.pl._ =bone´black=, _n._, charbon, noir animal, _m._ =boned= (bo’n’de), _past part._, désossé; à os; pourvu d’os. High-—; _à os saillants_. Large-—; _ossu_. Strong-—; _qui a les os solides_. =bone´-earth=, _n._, phosphate de chaux, _m._ =bone´less=, _adj._, sans os. =bone´-man= (=rag and=), _n._, chiffonnier, _m._ =bone´-setter=, _n._, rebouteur, renoueur, _m._ =bon´fire= (bo’n’faïeur), _n._, feu de joie, _m._ =bon-mot´=, _n._, bon mot, _m._ =bon´net= (bo’n’nète), _n._, chapeau (woman’s); (Scotchman’s) bonnet, béret, _m._; (fort., nav.) bonnette, _f._ =bon´net=, _v.a._, enfoncer le chapeau sur la tête =à=; (fig.) houspiller. =bon´net-box=, _n._, carton à chapeau, _m._ =bon´neted= (-nèt’ède), _adj._, coiffé d’un chapeau. =bon´neting=, _n._, houspillement, _m._ =bon´nilass=, =bon´ny lass=, _n._, belle fille, _f._ =bon´nily=, _adv._, gentiment; gaiement _ou_ gaîment. =bon´niness=, _n._, gentillesse, gaieté, _f._ =bon´ny=, _adj._, gentil, joli, joyeux, gai; (plump) grassouillet, potelé. =bo´num mag´num=, _n._, (bot.) prune royale, _f._ =bo´nus= (bo-neusse), _n._, boni; pot de vin, _m._; prime, _f._ =bo´ny= (bô-ni), _adj._, osseux; fort; (of fish) plein d’arêtes. =bonze=, _n._, bonze, bonzesse, _m.f._ =boo´by= (bou-bi), _n._, nigaud, benêt, dadais, _m._; (orni.) fou, _m._, boubie, _f._ =boo´byish=, _adj._, nigaud. =book= (bouke), _v.a._, enregistrer, inscrire. To — a seat; _retenir une place_. To — through to; _prendre un billet direct_ =pour=. =book=, _n._, livre, livret; cahier, _m._ Note —; _carnet_, _m._ Depositor’s — (at a savings-bank); _livret_, _m._ Day-—; (com.) _journal_, _m._ To keep —s; _tenir des livres_. To be in any one’s good —s; _être bien dans les papiers de quelqu’un_; _être bien_ =avec=; (com.) _avoir un compte ouvert_ =avec=. To turn over the leaves of a —; _feuilleter un livre_. Old —; _vieux livre_, _bouquin_, _m._ To bring to —; _forcer à s’expliquer_. =book´binder= (bouk’baï’n’d’-), _n._, relieur, _m._ =book´binding=, _n._, reliure, _f._ =book´case= (-kéce), _n._, bibliothèque, _f._; corps de bibliothèque, _m._ =book´debt= (-dète), _n._, dette active, créance, _f._ =book´ful= (-foule), _adj._, érudit, pédant. =book´ing=, _n._, enregistrement (parcels, etc.), _m._ =book´ing-office=, _n._, bureau d’enregistrement, de factage; bureau de messagerie; bureau des billets, _m._ =book´ish=, _adj._, studieux, attaché aux livres, passionné pour la lecture. =book´keeper= (bouk’kîp’eur), _n._, teneur de livres, _m._ =book´keeping=, _n._, comptabilité, tenue des livres, _f._ =book´learned= (-leur’n’ède), _adj._, savant, lettré. =book´learning=, _n._, savoir, _m._; érudition, _f._ =book´maker= (-mék’eur), _n._, faiseur de livres; parieur de profession, _m._ =book´making=, _n._, fabrication de livres, _f._ =book´man= (-ma’n), _n._, savant, _m._ =book´marker=, _n._, signet, _m._ =book´mate= (-méte), _n._, camarade d’études, _m._ =book´ muslin=, _n._, organdi, _m._ =book´-post=, _n._ By —; _en imprimés_; _sous bande_. =book´seller= (-sèll’-), _n._, libraire, _m._ Second-hand —; _marchand de livres d’occasion_, _bouquiniste_, _m._ — and publisher; _libraire-éditeur_, _m._ =book´selling=, _n._, profession de libraire, _f._ =book´shelf=, _n._, rayon (de bibliothèque), _m._ =book´-shop= _ou_ =store=, _n._, librairie, _f._ =book´-slide= _ou_ =rest=, _n._, porte-livres, _m._ =book´stall= (-stōl), _n._, étalage de livres, _m._ =book´-trade=, _n._, commerce de la librairie, _m._ =book´worm= (-weurme), _n._, dévoreur de livres; (ent.) lépisme, ciron, _m._ =book´writer=, _n._, auteur, _m._ _f._ =book´writing=, _n._, composition des livres, _f._ =boom= (boume), _n._, (nav.) boute-hors, _m._; (of harbors) chaîne, estacade; (of piles) estacade en pilotis, _f._; arc-boutant, _m._ =boom=, _v.a._, (com.) faire valoir. _v.n._, gronder (of cannon). =boom´ing= (boum’-), _n._, bruit retentissant, grondement, _m._ =boon= (boune), _n._, bienfait, don, _m._; faveur, _f._; bien, avantage, _m._ It will be a great —; _ce sera un grand bien_, ou _un grand avantage_. =boon=, _adj._, bon, gai, joyeux. — companion; _compagnon de débauche_; _joyeux compère_, _m._ =boor= (bour), _n._, paysan, rustre, _m._ =boor´ish=, _adj._, rustre, grossier. =boor´ishly=, _adv._, grossièrement. =boor´ishness=, _n._, rusticité, grossièreté, _f._ =boose= _ou_ =booze= (bouze), _v.n._, boire à l’excès, riboter. =boos´y= _ou_ =booz´y=, _adj._, gris, en ribote. =boot= (boute), _v.a._, servir =à=; profiter =à=; botter. What boots it? _à quoi sert?_ _que sert?_ =boot=, _n._, profit, avantage; butin, _m._ To —; _en sus_, _de plus_, _par-dessus le marché_. =boot=, _n._, (of men) botte; (of women) bottine, _f._; (of women and children) brodequin; (instr. of torture) brodequin; (of a carriage) coffre, _m._, cave, _f._ Half-—s; _bottines_. Blucher —s; _souliers-bottes_, _m.pl._ Top—s; _bottes à revers_. Hessian, Wellington, —s; _bottes à l’écuyère_. Spring-side —s, Congress —s; _bottines à élastiques_. Dress-—s; _bottes fines_. —maker; _bottier_, _m._ — cleaner; _décrotteur_, _cireur de bottes_, _m._ Patent leather —s; _bottes vernies_, _souliers vernis_. =boot´ed= (bout’ède), _part._, botté. =booth= (bouth), _n._, baraque, tente, _f._; pavillon, _m._ =boot´hooks= (-houkse), _n._, tirants, _m._ =boot´-hose= (-hôze), _n._, houseaux, _m.pl._ =boot´jack=, _n._, tire-botte, _m._ =boot´-last= (-lâste), _n._ _V._ =boot-tree=. =boot´leg= (-lèghe), _n._, tige de botte, _f._ =boot´less= (-lèsse), _adj._, sans botter, sans chaussures; (fig.) inutile, vain. =boot´lessly=, _adv._, inutilement; vainement. =boot´lessness=, _n._, inutilité, _f._ =boot´trade=, _n._, botterie, cordonnerie, _f._ =boot´-tree= (-trî), _n._, embauchoir, _m._, forme, _f._ =boot´y=, _n._, butin, _m._ =bo-peep´= (-pîpe), _n._, cligne-musette, _f._, cache-cache, _m._ =bor´age= (bor’adge), _n._, (bot.) bourrache, _f._ =bo´rax=, _n._, borax, _m._ =bor´der=, _n._, bord, _m._; (edging) bordure; (of a country) frontière, marche, _f._; (of forests) bord, _m._; lisière, _f._; (of flowers), parterre, _m._, plate-bande; (of a forest) lisière, _f._ — land; _pays limitrophe_, _m._ — town; _ville frontière_, _f._ =bor´der=, _v.a._, border, confiner. =bor´der=, _v.n._, confiner =à= _ou_ =avec=; toucher =à=; être contigu =à=; être limitrophe =de=, avoisiner; (fig.) approcher =de=, friser. To — on sixty; _approcher de la soixantaine_. That borders upon license; _cela frise la licence_. =bor´derer=, _n._, habitant de la frontière, _m._ =bor´dering=, _adj._, contigu =à=; voisin =de=; approchant =de=, limitrophe =de=. =bore=, _v.a._, percer, forer; sonder, creuser; (fig.) ennuyer, importuner, assommer; scier le dos =à=. =bore=, _v.n._, percer; (man.) porter le nez au vent. =bore=, _n._, trou; calibre; (of a musket) âme, _f._; foret; (fig.) (per.) ennuyeux, cauchemar; (of things) ennui, _m._, corvée, scie, _f._; (nav.) ras de marée, mascaret, _m._ =bo´real= (bô-ri-al), _adj._, boréal. =Bo´reas= (bô-ri-asse), _n._, Borée, _m._ =bore´dom=, _n._, état d’ennui, _m._ =bor´er=, _n._, foreur; perceur; (instrument) perçoir, foret, _m._, vrille, _f._; (ent.) perce-bois, _m._ =bor´ing=, _n._, sondage, forage, _m._ =bor´ing=, _adj._, ennuyeux, assommant. =born=, _past part._, né; de naissance. Still — _ou_ — dead; _mort-né_. Low —; _de basse naissance_; _V._ =bear=. — to; _né_ =pour=, _destiné_ =à=. I was — in; _je suis né en_. He was — in; (if dead) _il était né en_. Wellington was —; _Wellington naquit_. =borne=, _past part._ _V._ =bear=. — down; _écrasé_. =bo´ron= (bô-ro’n), _n._, (chem.) bore, _m._ =bor´ough= (beur’ô), _n._, bourg, _m._ Rotten —; _bourg pourri_. =bor´row= (bor’rô), _v.a._, emprunter =à= _ou_ =de= (of _or_ from persons); (of things) emprunter =de=. =bor´rowed=, _adj._, (factitious) d’emprunt. =bor´rower=, _n._, emprunteur, _m._, -euse, _f._ =bor´rowing=, _n._, emprunt, _m._ =bos´cage= (bos’kédje), _n._, bocage, _m._ =bosh=, _n._, esquisse, ébauche; (pop.) absurdité, bêtise, niaiserie, sottise, galimatias, _m._; fadaises, _f.pl._ =bosk´y=, _adj._, boisé. =bos´om= (bouz’eume, bôu’zeume), _n._, sein; (fig.) cœur, _m._, intimité, _f._ — friend; _ami de cœur_, _ami intime_, _m._ In the — of; _au sein_ =de=. =bos´om=, _v.a._, renfermer dans son sein. =boss=, _n._, bosse; bossette, _f._; (United States) contremaître, directeur, _m._ =boss´age= (bos’sèdje), _n._, bossage, _m._ =botan´ic= _ou_ =botan´ical=, _adj._, botanique. =botan´ically=, _adv._, conformément à la botanique. =bot´anist=, _n._, botaniste, _m._ _f._ =bot´anize= (-naïze), _v.n._, botaniser, herboriser. =bot´any=, _n._, botanique, _f._ =botch=, _n._, pustule, _f._; (fig.) ravaudage, replâtrage, bousillage, _m._ =botch=, _v.a._, rapetasser, ravauder; replâtrer. =botch´er=, _n._, ravaudeur, _m._, ravaudeuse, _f._ =botch´ing=, _n._, ravaudage, _m._ =botch´y=, _adj._, de pièces et de morceaux; tacheté. =both= (bôth), _adj._, l’un et l’autre; les deux; tous les deux; tous deux. — of us; _nous deux_. — sides; _les deux côtés_, _m.pl._ =both=, _adv._, tant. — ... and ...; _et ... et ..._; _tant ... que ..._; _à la fois_, _aussi bien que_, _comme_. — you and I; _et vous et moi_. — for you and him; _tant pour vous que pour lui_. — by sea and land; _tant par mer que par terre_; _et par mer et par terre_. — dishonoring and dishonorable; _à la fois déshonorant et déshonorable_. =both´er= (bo_th_’eur), _v.a._, ennuyer; tracasser, tourmenter, (triv.) embêter. =both´er= _ou_ =bothera´tion= (-ré-), _n._, ennui, tracas, tourment, _m._ =bot´tle= (bot’t’l), _n._, bouteille, carafe, _f._; flacon, _m._; (of hay) botte, _f._ =bot´tle=, _v.a._, mettre en bouteille. To — up; (fig.) _contenir_, _étouffer_, _rengaîner_. =bot´tle-companion= (-co’m’pa’n’ieune), _n._, camarade de bouteille, _m._ =bot´tled= (bot’t’lde), _part._, en bouteille; (fig.) ventru. =bot´tle-flower= (-flaou-eur), _n._, bluet, _m._ =bot´tle-friend= (-frè’n’de), _n._, ami de bouteille, _m._ =bot´tle-gourd=, _n._, gourde, _f._ =bot´tle-jack=, _n._, tournebroche mécanique, _m._ =bot´tle-making=, _n._, bouteillerie, _f._ =bot´tle-nose=, _n._, gros nez, _m._ =bot´tle-nosed= (-noz’de), _adj._, à gros nez. =bot´tler=, _n._, metteur en bouteilles, _m._; (of hay) botteleur, _m._ =bot´tle-rack=, _n._, planche à bouteilles, _f._ =bot´tle-tit=, _n._, (orni.) mésange à longue queue, _f._ =bot´tle-trade=, _n._, bouteillerie, _f._ =bot´tling=, _n._, mise en bouteilles, _f._, (of hay) bottelage, _f._ =bot´tom= (bot’teume), _n._, fond; bas; bout, _m._; base; (dale) vallée; (nav.) carène, _f._; (nav.) navire, bâtiment, _m._; (fig.) borne, limite; lie, _f._; sédiment, _m._ From top to —; _de haut en bas_; _de fond en comble_. At —; _au fond_. To probe to the —; _examiner à fond_. To sink to the —; couler à fond. To be at the — of; _être l’âme_ =de= (_quelque intrigue_), _être le principal instigateur_. =bot´tom=, _v.a._, mettre un fond =à=; asseoir, baser. =bot´tom=, _v.n._, se fonder; être assis. =bot´tomed= (bot’teu’m’de), _adj._, à fond. Flat-—; _à fond plat_. Copper —; _doublé de cuivre_. Double _ou_ false —; _à double fond_. =bot´tomless= (-lèsse), _adj._, sans fond. =bot´tomry=, _n._, (nav.) contrat à la grosse aventure; prêt à la grosse aventure, _m._ =bou´doir=, _n._, boudoir, _m._ =bough= (baou), _n._, branche, _f._, rameau, _m._ =bought=, _preterit_ and _past part._ _V._ =buy=. — book; (com.) _livre d’achats_, _m._ =bou´gie=, _n._, (surg.) bougie, _f._ =boul´der=, _n._, fragment de roc; quartier de roc, brisant à pic, _m._; grosse pierre, roche, _f._ — wall; _mur en galet_, _m._ =bounce= (baou’n’ce), _v.n._, éclater; sauter avec grand bruit; faire le tapageur; faire le matamore; se vanter. =bounce=, _n._, éclat, coup sec, _m._; hâblerie, vanterie, fracas, _f._ =boun´cer=, _n._, fanfaron; hâbleur, menteur, _m._; menterie, blague, bourde, colle, _f._ =boun´cingly=, _adv._, en fanfaron; avec jactance. =bound= (ba’ou’n’de), _preterit_ et _past part._ _V._ =bind=. =bound=, _adj._, tenu =de=; lié =à=; redevable =à=; (nav.) destiné =pour=; allant =à=, en destination =de=. Where are you — to? _où allez-vous_; _où va le navire?_ Homeward-—; _en retour_. =bound=, _n._, borne; limite, _f._; (jump) bond, saut, _m._ At a —; _d’un saut_, _d’un bond_. =bound=, _v.a._, borner, limiter, (fig.) retenir. =bound=, _v.n._, bondir =de=, sauter =de=. =bound´ary=, _n._, limite, borne, frontière, _f._ =bound´en= (-dène), _adj._, obligatoire, impérieux, indispensable, rigoureux; sacré. It is your — duty; _c’est votre devoir sacré_. =bound´ing=, _n._, bondissement, _adj._, bondissant. =bound´less= (-lèsse), _adj._, sans bornes; illimité; infini. =bound´lessness= (-nèsse), _n._, étendue infinie, infinité, immensité, _f._ =boun´teous= (baou’n’ti’eusse), _adj._, libéral, généreux; bienfaisant. =boun´teously=, _adv._, libéralement, généreusement. =boun´teousness=, =boun´tifulness= (-nèsse), _n._, libéralité, munificence, générosité, abondance, _f._ =boun´tiful= (-foule), _adj._, généreux, libéral. =boun´tifully=, _adv._, généreusement; avec bienfaisance. =boun´ty=, _n._, bienfaisance, largesse, douceur; libéralité, gratification, _f._; don, _m._; (com.) prime, _f._ =bouquet´=, _n._, bouquet, _m._ — holder; _porte-bouquet_, _m._ =bourgeois´= (beur-djoïce), _n._, (print.) gaillarde, _f._ =bourn=, =bourne= (bourne), _n._, borne, limite, _f._; (end in view) terme, but, _m._; (ant.) ruisseau, torrent, _m._ =bout= (baoute), _n._, coup, _m._, fois; partie de plaisir; (fight) peignée; (of a game) manche, _f._; (of pain) accès, _m._ Second —; _reprise_, _f._ To have a — of it; _s’en donner_. At one —; _d’un seul coup_. =bo´vine= (bôvaïne), _adj._, bovine, _adj.f._ =bow= (baou), _v.a._, courber; plier, fléchir, incliner. To — out; _éconduire_, _congédier_. =bow=, _v.n._, plier; se courber; s’incliner; saluer; (to comply) se plier =à=, se soumettre =à=, se rendre =à=. To — down; _v.n._, _se prosterner_, _s’humilier_; _v.a._, _courber_, _baisser_; _accabler_. I — to your decision; _je me rends à votre décision_ ou _je respecte votre décision_. One must — to circumstances; _où la chèvre est attachée il faut qu’elle broute_. =bow=, _n._, salut, _m._; (b.s.) courbette, _f._; (nav.) avant (of a ship), _m._ =bow= (bô), _n._, arc; (of a violin) archet; (math.) demi-cercle; (of a saddle) arçon; (of ribbons) nœud, _m._ — window; _fenêtre cintrée_, _fenêtre en saillie_, _en rotonde_, _f._ To draw the long —; _en dire_ =à=, _en conter_ =à=, _exagérer_, _blaguer_. =bow´el= (baou-èl), _v.a._, éventrer; enlever les entrailles =à=. =bow´els= (-èlze), _n._, entrailles, _f.pl._; intestins, boyaux, _m.pl._; sein, _m._; compassion, pitié, _f._; entrailles, _f.pl._ =bow´er= (baou’eur), _n._, berceau de verdure, bosquet, _m._; tonnelle, retraite, _f._ — anchor; (nav.) _ancre de poste_, _de bossoir_, _f._ =bow´er=, _v.a._, enfermer dans un berceau de verdure; entourer, loger. =bow´ery=, _adj._, en charmille, en berceau; touffu, ombragé. =bowl= (bôle), _n._, bol, bassin; vase, _m._; jatte, _f._; (of a spoon) cuilleron; (of a pipe) fourneau, _m._; (spherical body) boule; (milit., nav.) gamelle, _f._ =bowl=, _v.a._, faire rouler (a bowl, a ball); servir la balle (at cricket). _v.n._, jouer à la boule, jouer à la balle. =bow´legged= (bô-lèg’de), _adj._, à jambes en manches de veste, à jambes arquées. =bowl´er= (bôl’eur, baoul’eur), _n._, joueur de boule; (at cricket) serveur, _m._ =bow´line= (bô’laïne), _n._ (nav.) bouline, _f._ =bowl´ing=, _n._, jeu de boule, _m._ =bowl´ing-green= (-grîne), _n._, jeu de boule, boulingrin, _m._ =bow´man= (-ma’n), _n._, (bô-) archer; (nav.) (baou-) brigadier, _m._ =bow´net= (bô-nète), _n._, nasse de pêcheur, _f._ =bowse= (baouce), _v.a._, (nav.) haler, palanquer. =bow´shot= (bô-shote), _n._, portée de trait, _f._ =bow´sprit= (bô’sprite), _n._, (nav.) beaupré, _m._ =bow´string= (bô-strigne), _n._, corde d’arc, _f._; cordon (to strangle with), _m._ =box=, _n._, (for the poor) tronc, _m._; boîte, malle, caisse; (thea.) loge, _f._; (of wheels) écrou; (of a shoeblack) sellette, _f._; (of houses) pied-à-terre; (bot.) buis; (print.) cassetin, _m._ Coach-—; _siège de cocher_, _m._ Horse —, wagon —; _écurie_, _f._ — on the ear; _soufflet_, _m._ Christmas-—; _étrennes_, _f.pl._ Strong-—; _coffre-fort_, _m._ Hunting —; _pied à terre_, _m._ Sentry-—; _guérite_, _f._ Snuff—; _tabatière_, _f._ In the wrong —; _fourvoyé_, _égaré_, _loin de compte_. To be in the wrong —; _se tromper_, _se fourvoyer_, _le prendre à gauche_. =box=, _v.n._, boxer, se boxer. =box=, _v.a._, enfermer dans une boîte; encaisser; souffleter. To — the compass; _savoir la rose des vents_. =box´en= (bok’s’n), _adj._, de buis. =box´er=, _n._, boxeur, pugiliste, _m._ =box´ing=, _n._, boxe, _f._, pugilat, _m._ =box´keeper= (-kîp’eur), _n._, (thea.) ouvreur de loges, _m._, ouvreuse de loges, _f._ =box´maker= (-mék’eur), _n._, layetier, _m._ =box´-office=, _n._, bureau de location, _m._ =box´-order=, _n._, coupon de loge, _m._ =box´ plantation= _ou_ =grove=, _n._, buissaie, buissière, _f._ =box´-thorn=, _n._, lyciet, _m._ =box´-tree= (-trî), _n._, buis, _m._ =boy= (boï), _n._, garçon, petit garçon, enfant, (at school) élève, (nav.) mousse, _m._ Bad —; _mauvais sujet_, _m._ Mere —; _gamin_, _m._ Old —! _mon vieux_, _m._ =boy´ar= (bo-yâr), _n._, boyard, boïard, _m._ =boy´cott=, _v.a._, mettre à l’index. =boy´cotting=, _n._, mise à l’index, _f._ =boy´hood= (-houde), _n._, enfance, adolescence, _f._ =boy´ish= (boï-ishe), =boy´like=, _adj._, puéril; d’enfant, enfantin, en enfant. =boy´ishly=, _adv._, puérilement; en enfant. =boy´ishness=, _n._, enfantillage, _m._; puérilité, _f._ =brace= (bréce), _v.a._, lier, serrer, attacher, tendre, bander, fortifier; donner du ton =à=; (nav.) brasser. =brace=, _n._, couple (of game); paire (of pistols), _f._; (arch.) tirant, _m._; (of a drum) tirant, _m._; (for a child) brassière, _f._; (of arms) brassard, _m._; (carp.) ancre, _f._; (mec.) vilebrequin, _m._; (mus., print.) accolade, _f._; (nav.) bras (of a yard), _m._; (of a coach) soupente, _f._; (of greyhounds) laisse, _f.pl._, bretelles, _f.pl._ =brace´let= (bréss’lète), _n._, bracelet, _m._ =bra´cer=, _n._, bandage, brassard; tonique, _m._ =brach= (brake), _n._, chien de chasse, braque, _m._ =brach´ial= (brak’ial, bré-ki-al), _adj._, brachial. =bra´cing= (brécigne), _adj._, fortifiant, tonique, vivifiant, vif. =brack´et= (brakète), _n._, (print.) crochet; (arch.) tasseau, _m._; console, étagère; accolade, _f._; (for lights) bras de lumière, _m._ =brack´ish= (brak’ishe), _adj._, saumâtre. =brack´ishness= (-nèsse), _n._, goût saumâtre, _m._ =brad= (brade), _n._, clou sans tête, _m._ =brad´awl= (brad’ōl), _n._, poinçon effilé, _m._ =brad´shaw=, _n._, tableau des heures; indicateur (rail.), _m._ =brag=, _v.n._, se vanter =de=. =brag=, _n._, fanfaronnade, vanterie, _f._ =braggado´cio= (brag’ga-dô-shi-ô), _n._, bravache; fanfaron, _m._ =brag´gart= (brag’garte), _adj._, fanfaron, vantard. =brag´gart= _ou_ =brag´ger= (brag’gheur), _n._, vantard, fanfaron, _m._ =brag´ging= (brag’ghigne), _n._, vanterie, forfanterie, _f._ =brag´gingly=, _adv._, en fanfaron. =Brah´man= (brâ’mi’n), _n._, brame; brahmane, _m._ =Brahman´ical=, _adj._, brahmanique. =Brah´manism=, _n._, brahmanisme, _m._ =braid= (bréde), _n._, tresse; soutache, ganse, _f._; lacet; cordonnet, galon, liséré, _m._ Braiding machine; _machine à lacets_, _f._ =braid=, _v.a._, tresser, soutacher. =brails= (brél’z), _n.pl._, (nav.) cargue, _f._ =brail-up´= (-eupe), _v.a._, (nav.) carguer. =brain= (bréne), _n._, cerveau, _m._; cervelle, _f._; jugement, esprit, _m._; tête, _f._ To puzzle one’s —s; _se creuser la cervelle_, _se casser la tête_ =à=. To blow one’s —s out; _se faire sauter_, _se brûler la cervelle_. =brain=, _v.a._, faire sauter, brûler la cervelle =à=. =brain´ish= (brén’ishe), _adj._, insensé; à tête chaude. =brain´less= (-lèsse), _adj._, sans cervelle; à cerveau vide. =brain´lessness=, _n._, absence, _f._, manque de cervelle, _m._; étourderie, _f._ =brain´sick=, _adj._, à cerveau malade. =brain´sickly=, _adv._, en cerveau malade. =brain´sickness= (-nèsse), _n._, folie, _f._; état d’un écervelé, _m._, étourderie, indiscrétion, _f._ =brain´-work=, _n._, travail de tête, _m._ =brake= (bréke), _n._, fougère; fougeraie, ronceraie, _f._; (waste land) lande, _f._; (thicket) fourré, _m._; (agri.) casse-motte, _m._; (hydr.) brimbale, _f._; (man.) bridon; (tech.) frein, _m._; (for kneading) huche au pain, _f._; pétrin; (for curriers) brisoir, _m._ =brake´man=, _n._, garde-frein, _m._ =bra´ky=, _adj._, épineux. =bram´ble= (bra’m’b’l), _n._, ronce, _f._ — bush; _buisson de ronces_, _m._ =Bra´min=, etc. _V._ =Brahman=, etc. =bran= (bra’n), _n._, son, _m._ =branch= (bra’n’she), _v.n._, pousser des branches. To — off; _se ramifier_; (of roads) _s’embrancher_, _se bifurquer_; (of pers.) (into) _se jeter_, _se lancer_ =dans=. =branch=, _v.a._, diviser en branches. =branch=, _n._, branche; (of public establishments) succursale, _f._; (railways) embranchement, _m._ =branch´iness= (-nèsse), _n._, état branchu, _m._ =branch´less= (-lèsse), _adj._, sans branches; ébranché. =branch´y=, _adj._, branchu. =brand= (bra’n’de), _n._, brandon, tison; (of infamy) stigmate, _m._; flétrissure; (com.) marque; (kind) sorte, qualité, _f._ — new; _tout neuf_; _flambant neuf_. =brand=, _v.a._, flétrir, stigmatiser; marquer. =bran´died=, _adj._, mêlé d’eau de vie; à l’eau de vie. =brand´ing=, _n._, action de marquer, flétrissure, _f._ =brand´ing-iron=, _n._, fer à marquer, fer chaud (of criminals), _m._ =brand´-iron= (-aïeurne), _n._, fer à marquer; trépied, _m._ =bran´dish= (-dishe), _v.a._, brandir. =bran´disher=, _n._, personne qui brandit, _f._ =bran´dy=, _n._, eau-de-vie, _f._ =bran´gle= (bragn’g’l). _V._ =wrangle=. =brank´-ursine= (-eur’saïne), _n._, branche-ursine, branc-ursine, berce, acanthe, _f._ =bran´ny=, _adj._, de son. =bra´sier= (bré-jeur), _n._, dinandier; ouvrier en cuivre jaune; braisier (coal-pan), _m._ =brass= (brâce), _n._, airain, cuivre jaune, laiton; toupet, _m._; effronterie, _f._ As bold as —; _avec un front d’airain_. — band; _musique d’instruments de cuivre_, _f._ =brass=, _v.a._, couvrir de laiton. =brass´-button=, _n._, bouton de cuivre, _m._ =brass´-cannon=, _n._, canon de fonte, _m._ =brass´-finisher=, _n._, polisseur de cuivre, _m._ =brass´-foil= (-fo-il), _n._, cuivre battu, _m._ =brass´-founder= (-faou’n’deur), _n._, fondeur en cuivre, _m._ =brass´-foundry=, _n._, fonderie de cuivre, _f._ =brass´iness= (-nèsse), _n._, ressemblance avec le cuivre, _f._ =brass´-instrument=, _n._, instrument de cuivre, _m._ =brass´-visaged= (-viz’èdj’de), _adj._, à front d’airain, effronté. =brass´-wares= (-wèr’ze), _n.pl._, dinanderie, _f._ =brass´-wire= (-waïeur), _n._, fil de laiton, _m._ =brass´-work=, _n._, objet, ouvrage en cuivre, _m._ =brass´-works= (-weurkse), _n.pl._, usine à cuivre, _f._ =brass´y=, _adj._, d’airain. =brat= (brate), _n._, marmot, _m._, marmotte, _f._ =brava´do= (-vâdô), _n._, bravade, _f._ Out of —; _par bravade_. =brave= (bréve), _adj._, brave, vaillant, noble, grand; excellent. =brave=, _v.a._, braver, défier. =brave´ly=, _adv._, courageusement, bravement. =bra´very= (-veur-), _n._, bravoure, _f._ =bra´vo= (brâ-vô, bré-vô), _n._, bravo, assassin, _m._ =bra´vo!= _int._, bravo! =bravu´ra= (bra-viou-ra), _n._, (mus.) air de bravoure, _m._ =brawl= (brōl), _n._, clabauderie, dispute, querelle, _f._; tapage, _m._ =brawl=, _v.n._, brailler, clabauder, disputer. =brawl´er=, _n._, clabaudeur; braillard, _m._, braillarde, _f._; brailleur, _m._, brailleuse, _f._; querelleur, _m._, querelleuse, _f._ =brawl´ing=, _n._, clabauderie, criaillerie, _f._ =brawl´ingly=, _adv._, en clabaudant, en braillant. =brawn= (brō’n’), _n._, chair de sanglier, _f._; (of the body) partie charnue, _f._; muscles, _m.pl._; fromage de cochon, _m._; (fig.) force musculaire, _f._ =brawn´iness= (-nèsse), _n._, force musculaire, _f._ =brawn´y=, _adj._, charnu, musculeux, robuste. =bray= (bré), _v.a._, broyer, piler; faire résonner, faire retentir. =bray=, _v.n._, braire; (fig.) résonner, retentir. =bray= _ou_ =bray´ing= (bré-igne), _n._, braiment, braire, _m._ =bray´er= (bré-eur), _n._, braillard; (tech.) pilon, _m._ =braze= (bréze), _v.a._, travailler en airain; souder; braser; endurcir. =bra´zen= (bré-z’n), _adj._, d’airain; (fig.) effronté, impudent. =bra´zen=, _v.n._, montrer un front d’airain. To — it out; _payer d’effronterie_ ou _d’audace_. To — out; _traiter de haut_, _v.a._ =bra´zen-face= (-féce), _n._, front d’airain; (pers.) effronté, _m._, effrontée, _f._ To put on a —; _s’armer d’effronterie_. =bra´zen-faced= (-féss’te), _adj._, à front d’airain. =bra´zenness= (bré-z’n’nèsse), _n._, qualité propre à l’airain; impudence, effronterie, _f._ =brazil´= _ou_ =Brazil´-wood= (bra-zîl-woude), _n._, brésillet; bois de Brésil, _m._ =Brazil´ian=, _adj._, brésilien. =Brazil´-nut= (-neute), _n._, noix du Brésil, _f._ =breach= (brîtshe), _n._, fracture, _f._, bris, _m._; (fig.) brèche; rupture; violation, infraction, atteinte, _f._ — of trust; _abus de confiance_, _m._ — of the peace; _délit contre l’ordre public_, _m._ =breach=, _v.a._, battre en brèche. =bread= (brède), _n._, pain, _m._ Daily —; _pain quotidien_. New —; _pain frais_. Stale —; _pain rassis_. Brown —; _pain bis_. —stuffs; _farines_, _céréales_, _f.pl._ To take the — out of one’s mouth; _ôter à quelqu’un le pain de la main._ To be in want of —; _manquer de pain_. On — and water; _au pain et à l’eau_. To get one’s —; _gagner sa vie_. =bread´less=, _adj._, sans pain. =bread´-room= (-roume), _n._, (nav.) soute au pain, _f._; soute à biscuit, _f._ =breadth= (brèd’th), _n._, largeur, _f._; (of stuffs) lé, _m._ =bread´-tree= (-trî), _n._, jaquier; arbre à pain, _m._ =break= (bréke), _v.a._, (_preterit_, Broke; _past part._, Broken), rompre; casser; briser; violer, enfreindre; faire faillite =à=; ruiner. To — open a door; _enfoncer une porte_. To — asunder; _briser_, _rompre_; _séparer_, _désunir_. To — open a letter; _décacheter une lettre_. To — off; _rompre_, _interrompre_. To — up; _démolir_; _dissoudre_, _licencier_. To — through; _se frayer_, ou _s’ouvrir_, _un passage à travers_; _se faire jour à travers_. To — in a horse; _rompre un cheval_. To — any one of a bad habit; _faire perdre à quelqu’un une mauvaise habitude_, _corriger d’une mauvaise habitude_. To — one’s arm, one’s neck; _se casser un bras_, _le cou_. To — any one’s heart; _briser le cœur à quelqu’un_. To — one’s oath; _violer_, _fausser son serment_. To — an engagement (matrimonial); _rompre un projet de mariage_. To — the news to somebody; _préparer quelqu’un à entendre la nouvelle_. To — one’s word; _manquer à sa parole_. To — the square; _rompre le carré_. To — the bank (at play); _faire sauter la banque_. To — one’s journey; _s’arrêter en route_. To — upon the wheel; _rouer_. =break=, _v.n._, rompre, se rompre, casser, se casser, briser, se briser; éclater; (com.) faire faillite; (of daybreak) poindre; (of an abscess) percer; (of age) décliner, baisser, changer, se casser. To — in; _envahir_, _pénétrer_, _s’introduire_. To — up; (of an assembly) _se séparer_; (of schools, etc.) _entrer en vacances_; (of cold) _s’adoucir_; (of weather) _se gâter_. To — asunder; (of clouds) _se déchirer_. To — out; _éclater_; (of diseases) _se déclarer_. To — off; _cesser_. To — down; (of carriages) _verser_; (of horses) _s’abattre_; (of orators) _rester court_, _s’arrêter tout court_; (of a bridge) s’_effondrer_; _s’écrouler_. To — away; _s’arracher_; (fig.) _se dissoudre_; (of clouds) _se dissiper_. To — from; _échapper_ =à=, _s’échapper_ =de=. To — with; _rompre_ =avec=, _se brouiller_ =avec=. =break=, =break´ing=, _n._, cassure, rupture; percée, trouée, clairière; (fig.) interruption, _f._; (of the weather) changement; (print.) alinéa, _m._; (man.) voiture de dressage, _f._; (of the voice) mue, _f._ — of day; _point du jour_, _m._; _pointe du jour_, _f._ — down; (railw.) _accident_, _m._; _débâcle_, _déconfiture_, _détérioration_, _f._; (failure) _insuccès_, _m._ =break´able=, _adj._, cassable. =break´age= (-èdje), _n._, (com.) casse, _f._; cassage, _m._; cassure, _f._ =break´er=, _n._, infracteur; briseur, _m._, briseuse, _f._; violateur, _m._, violatrice, _f._, transgresseur; (tamer) dompteur; (of the sea) brisant; écueil, _m._ — in; _dresseur_. Ice —; _brise-glace_, _m._ =break´fast= (brèk’feuste), _n._, déjeuner, _m._ — cup; _grande tasse_, _f._ — room; _petite salle à manger_, _f._ — time; _heure du déjeuner_, _f._ =break´fast=, _v.n._, déjeuner. — on _ou_ off; _déjeuner_ =de=. =break´-iron= (-aï’eurne), _n._, enclume, _f._ =break´man=, _n._ _V._ =brakeman=. =break´neck= (-nèke), _n._, casse-cou, _m._ — place; _endroit à se casser le cou_, _f._ =break´-stone= (-stône), _n._, (bot.) saxifrage, _f._ =break´water= (-wōteur), _n._, (of bridges) avant-bec; arrière-bec; éperon; (of harbors) brise-lames, _m._; digue, _f._; rempart, _m._ =bream= (brîme), _n._, (ich.) brème, _f._ =bream=, _v.a._, (nav.) chauffer (a ship). =breast= (brèste), _n._, poitrine, mamelle, _f._; sein; (fig.) cœur, _m._, âme, conscience, _f._; (nav.) flanc; (of a horse) poitrail; (of a goose) filet; (of a fowl) blanc, _m._; (of a coat) revers, _m.pl._; (of a plow) versoir, _m._ — to —; (of duels) _à bout portant_. At the —; (of a child) _à la mamelle_. To make a clean — of; _tout avouer_; _faire un aveu complet_. =breast=, _v.a._, attaquer de front; affronter, braver; lutter =contre=. =breast´-bone=, _n._, sternum, _m._ =breast´-collar=, _n._, bricole, _f._ =breast´-deep=, _adj._, _adv._, jusqu’à la poitrine. =breast´high= (-haïe), _adj._, à hauteur d’appui. =breast´-pad= _ou_ =piece=, _n._, plastron, _m._ =breast´-pin=, _n._, épingle de cravate, _f._ =breast´plate= (-pléte), _n._, cuirasse, _f._ =breast´wall=, _n._, mur de soutènement. =breast´work= (-weurke), _n._, parapet; (nav.) fronteau, _m._ =breath= (brèth), _n._, haleine, _f._; souffle, _m._; (fig.) vie, existence, _f._ To be out of —; _être hors d’haleine_, _être essoufflé_. To get out of —; _se mettre hors d’haleine_; _perdre haleine_. Last —; _dernier soupir_, _m._ To draw —; _respirer_. To take —; _reprendre haleine_. To hold one’s —; _retenir son haleine_. To take one’s — away; _couper la respiration_ =à=; (fig.) _interdire_, _déconcerter_. There is not a — of wind; _il n’y a pas une haleine_, _un souffle de vent_. There is not a — of air stirring; _il ne fait pas un souffle de vent_. Shortness of —; _courte haleine_, _f._ =breathe= (brîthe), _v.n._, respirer. To — after; _souhaiter_; _soupirer_ =après=. =breathe=, _v.a._, respirer, souffler. To — one’s last; _rendre le dernier soupir_. To — out; _exhaler_, _pousser_. =breath´er=, _n._, personne qui respire, _f._ =breath´ing=, _adj._, qui respire, vivant; pour respirer. =breath´ing=, _n._, respiration, _f._; (gram.) esprit, _m._ — hole; _soupirail_, _m._ =breath´ing-place=, _n._, place pour respirer, _f._ =breath´ing-time= (-taïme), _n._, temps de respirer, relâche, répit, _m._ =breath´less= (brèth’lèsse), _adj._, essoufflé; haletant; inanimé. —ness, _n._, _essoufflement_, _m._ =bred= (brède), _past part._, (of To breed), élevé. Ill-—; _mal élevé_. Well-—; _bien élevé_. =breech= (brît’she), _n._, derrière, _m._; (of firearms) culasse, _f._ —-band; (of saddles) _reculement_, _m._ —-loader; _fusil se chargeant par la culasse_, _m._ =breech=, _v.a._, mettre en culotte; (to whip) fesser; mettre une culasse =à=. =breech´es= (brît’shize), _n.pl._, culotte, _f.sing._ To wear the —; (fig.) _porter la culotte_. =breed= (brîde), _v.a._, (_preterit_ and _past part._, Bred) enfanter, engendrer; élever; produire, occasionner, faire naître; (to bring up) élever. =breed=, _v.n._, s’engendrer; multiplier. =breed=, _n._, race; (of birds) couvée, _f._ =breed´er=, _n._, mère, (of horses) poulinière, _f._; éleveur, _m._; (fig.) cause, source, _f._ =breed´ing=, _n._, génération, production, éducation, _f._; (of cattle) élevage, _m._ Good-—; _politesse_, _bonne éducation_, _f._; _savoir-vivre_, _m._ =breeze= (brîze), _n._, brise, _f._; vent, _m._; (fig.) altercation, dispute, affaire, _f._ =breez´y=, _adj._, rafraîchi par la brise, frais; (fig.) orageux. =breth´ren= (brè_th_’rène), _n.pl._, frères, _m.pl._ =breve= (brîve), _n._, (mus.) brève, maxime, _f._ =brevet´= (bri’vète, brèvèt’e), _adj._, (milit.) à brevet. =brevet´=, _n._, brevet, _m._ _v.a._, breveter. =brev´iary= (brîv’ia-ri), _n._, bréviaire; abrégé, _m._ =brevier´= (bri-vieur), _n._, (print.) petit texte, _m._ =brev´ity= (brèv’iti), _n._, brièveté; concision, _f._ =brew= (brou), _v.a._, brasser; mêler; (fig.) tramer; (to plot) machiner. =brew=, _v.n._, faire de la bière; (fig.) (of a storm) se préparer; s’amasser, se dessiner, couver. =brew´er=, _n._, brasseur, _m._ =brew´ery=, _n._, brasserie, _f._ =brew´house= (-haouce), _n._, brasserie, _f._ =brew´ing=, _n._, brassage; (quantity brewed) brassin, _m._ =bri´ar= (braï’ar), _n._ _V._ =brier=. =bribe= (braïbe), _n._, présent (_dans le but de corrompre_); prix; appât, pot-de-vin, _m._; largesse; tentation, _f._ =bribe=, _v.a._, gagner, corrompre; suborner. =bri´ber=, _n._, suborneur, corrupteur, _m._, corruptrice, _f._ =bri´bery=, _n._, corruption, subornation, (fig.) séduction, _f._ =brick= (brike), _n._, brique, _f._; (fig.) brave garçon, bon enfant. _adj._, de briques, en _ou_ à briques. =brick=, _v.a._, bâtir de briques, briqueter. =brick´bat= (-bate), _n._, morceau, _ou_ éclat, de brique, _m._; briquaillons, _m.pl._ =brick´dust= (-deuste), _n._, poussière de briques, _f._ =brick´field= _ou_ =brick´kiln=, briqueterie, _f._; four à briques, _m._ =brick´laye= (-lé-eur), _n._, maçon en briques, maçon; (for chimneys) fumiste, _m._ =brick´maker= (-mék’eur), _n._, briquetier, _m._ =brick´work= (-weurk), _n._, briquetage, _m._ =bri´dal= (braï-), _n._, fête nuptiale, noce, _f._ =bri´dal=, _adj._, nuptial, de noce. =bride= (braïde), _n._, nouvelle mariée; épousée; fiancée, future, prétendue, _f._ =bride´bed= (-bède), _n._, lit nuptial, _m._ =bride´cake= (-kéke), _n._, gâteau de noce, _m._ =bride´groom= (-groume), _n._, marié, fiancé, _m._ =bride´maid= _ou_ =brides´maid= (-méde), _n._, demoiselle d’honneur, _f._ =bride´man= _ou_ =brides´man=, _n._, garçon d’honneur, _m._ =bride´well= (braïd’wèle), _n._, maison de correction, _f._ =bridge=, _n._, pont, _m._; (of a boat) passerelle, _f._; (of stringed instruments) chevalet; (of the nose) dos; (of a comb) champ, _m._; (of a gun-carriage) hausse, _f._ — head; _tête de pont_, _f._ Wire —; _pont de fil de fer_, _m._ =bridge=, _v.a._, construire, _ou_ jeter, un pont =sur=. =bri´dle= (braï’d’l), _n._, bride, _f._; (fig.) frein, _m._; (nav.) branche, _f._ — path; _route cavalière_, _f._ — hand; _main gauche_, _f._ =bri´dle=, _v.a._, brider; (fig.) mettre un frein =à=; tenir en frein, contenir. =bri´dle=, _v.n._, redresser la tête. To — up; _se redresser_, _se rengorger_. =bridoon´= (braï-doune), _n._, (man.) filet, bridon, _m._ =brief= (brîfe), _adj._, bref, court, de courte durée, passager; (fig.) concis. — spoken; _laconique_. =brief=, _n._, bref; abrégé, _m._; (of barristers) cause, _f._, dossier, _m._ =brief´less=, _adj._, sans causes. =brief´ly=, _adv._, brièvement; en peu de mots. =brief´ness=, _n._, brièveté, concision, _f._ =bri´er= (braï’eur), _n._, ronce, _f._ Wild —; _églantier_, _m._ Sweet —; _églantier odorant_, _m._ =bri´ery=, _adj._, plein de ronces. =brig=, _n._, (nav.) brig, brick, _m._ =brigade´= (-ghéde), _n._, brigade, _f._; (of firemen) corps de pompiers, _m._ =brigade´=, _v.a._, former en brigades. =brigadier´= (brig-a-dîre), _n._, général de brigade, _m._ =brigad´ing=, _n._, embrigadement, _m._ =brig´and= (brig’a’n’de), _n._, brigand, _m._ =brig´andage= (-’d’édje), _n._, brigandage, _m._ =brig´antine= (brig-a’n’-tîne), _n._, (nav.) brigantin, _m._, brigantine, _f._ =bright= (braïte), _adj._, brillant, clair, éclatant, lumineux, beau, intelligent. To see the — side of things; _voir tout en beau_, _voir tout couleur de rose_. —er days; _jours plus heureux_, _m.pl._ =brigh´ten= (braït’n), _v.a._, faire briller; polir; (fig.) répandre de l’éclat =sur=, illustrer, embellir; (to cheer) égayer; dégourdir. To — up; _éclaircir_; (fig.) _égayer_. =brigh´ten=, _v.n._, s’éclaircir, briller, étinceler, devenir plus gai. To — up; (of the face) _rayonner_; _s’épanouir_; (of the weather) _s’éclaircir_. =bright´ly=, _adv._, d’une manière brillante; brillamment, avec éclat. =bright´ness=, _n._, brillant, lustre, éclat, _m._; (fig.) joie, vivacité, _f._ =brill´iance= _ou_ =brill´iancy=, _n._, brillant, lustre, éclat, _m._ =brill´iant=, _adj._, brillant, éclatant. =brill´iant=, _n._, brillant (diamond), _m._ =brill´iantly=, _adv._, brillamment, avec éclat. =brills= (brilze), _n._, cils (of the horse), _m.pl._ =brim= (brime), _n._, bord, _m._ =brim=, _v.a._ and _n._, remplir jusqu’au bord; être plein jusqu’au bord. =brim´ful= (-foule), _adj._, plein jusqu’au bord; tout plein. — of tears; _gros de larmes_. =brim´less=, _adj._, sans bords. =brimmed=, _adj._, à bords, à rebords. =brim´mer=, _n._, rasade, _f._; rouge bord, _m._ =brim´stone= (bri’m’stône), _n._, soufre, _m._ =brim´stony=, _adj._, sulfureux. =brin´ded= (bri’n’dède), _adj._, tavelé, tacheté. =brin´dle= (bri’n’d’l), _n._, tavelure, _f._ =brin´dled= (-d’lde), _adj._, tavelé, tacheté. =brine= (braïne), _n._, saumure, _f._ =brine=, _v.a._, mettre dans la saumure, saler. =bring= (brigne), _v.a._, (_preterit_ and _past part._, Brought), apporter; (to lead in) amener; conduire; (to carry) porter; transporter; (to reduce) réduire. To — about; _amener_, _ramener_, _venir à bout_ =de=. To — away; _emporter_; (of persons) _emmener_. To — back; _rapporter_, _ramener_. To — down; _descendre_, _amener en bas_; _abattre_; _humilier_; _faire baisser_; _faire descendre_; _diminuer_; (an audience) _enlever_. To — forth; _produire_; _mettre au monde_; _mettre bas_. To — forward; _faire avancer_; (com.) _reporter_. To — nearer; _rapprocher_. To — in; _faire entrer_, _introduire_. To — on; _amener_, _occasionner_. To — out; _sortir_, _faire sortir_, _tirer_; _faire paraître_, _publier_; _représenter sur la scène_. To — over; _transporter_; _faire passer_; _convertir_, _attirer_. To — under; _soumettre_ =à=; _assujettir_ =à=. To — up; _nourrir_; _élever_; _monter_; _vomir_. To — upon; _attirer_ =sur=, _faire tomber_ =sur=. To — to; _faire reprendre connaissance_ =à=; (nav.) _amener_. To — close to; _approcher_. To — into fashion; _mettre à la mode_. To — into question; _mettre en question_. To — actions; _intenter des actions_. To — into trouble; _engager dans de mauvaises affaires_. To — to bed; _accoucher_. To — to pass; _exécuter_, _effectuer_. To — to perfection; _perfectionner_. To — together; _assembler_; _réconcilier_, _raccommoder_. To — word of; _apporter des nouvelles_ =de=. =bring´er=, _n._, porteur, _m._ — up; (milit.) _serre-file_. =bri´nish= (braïnishe), _adj._ _V._ =briny=. =brink= (brign’ke), _n._, bord, _m._ The — of a precipice; _le bord d’un précipice_. On the — of ruin; _sur le penchant de la ruine_; _à deux doigts de sa perte_. =bri´ny= (braï-), _adj._, saumâtre, salé; amer. =brisk=, _adj._, vif; piquant; animé, actif, éveillé; frais, dispos. =brisk´et= (-kète), _n._, poitrine (butcher’s meat), _f._ =brisk´ly=, _adv._, vivement. =brisk´ness=, _n._, vivacité, activité, _f._ =brisk up´=, _v.a._, animer. _v.n._, s’animer; se tenir droit; prendre une attitude hardie. =bris´tle= (bris’s’l), _n._, (of pigs, etc.) soie, _f._; poil raide, _m._ =bris´tle=, _v.a._ and _n._, hérisser; se hérisser; se hérisser =de= (with); se raidir =contre=. =bris´tly=, =bris´tling=, _adj._, hérissé =de=; poilu. =Britan´nic=, _adj._, britannique. =Brit´ish=, _adj._, britannique; anglais. — India; _l’Inde anglaise_, _f._ — Guiana; _La Guyane anglaise_, _f._ =brit´tle= (brit’t’l), _adj._, fragile; cassant. =brit´tleness=, _n._, fragilité, _f._ =broach= (brôt’she), _n._, broche, _f._ =broach=, _v.a._, embrocher; (a cask) mettre en perce; émettre, communiquer; (a subject) introduire, entamer; effleurer. To — to; (nav.) _se coiffer_; _faire chapelle_. =broach´er=, _n._, broche (for roasting), _f._; (fig.) auteur, _m._ =broad= (brōde), _adj._, large, grand, gros, vaste; (fig.) grossier, hardi; (of hints) assez clair, peu voilé; (accent) bien prononcé. — awake; _bien éveillé_. — daylight; _grand jour_, _m._ — footed; _aux larges pieds_. As — as it is long; _tout un_; _la même chose_. =broad´-breasted=, _adj._, à large poitrine, à la poitrine large. =broad´-brimmed= (-bri’m’de), _adj._, à larges bords. =broad´cast=, _adj._, (agri.) à la volée; (fig.) jeté au hasard. =broad´cast=, _n._, (agri.) semis, _m._, _ou_ semailles, _f.pl._; à la volée. =Broad-Church=, _n._, Eglise libérale, _f._ =broad´cloth=, _n._, drap fin, _m._ =broad´en= (brō’d’n), _v.n._, s’élargir, s’agrandir, s’étendre. =broad´ humor=, _n._, grosse gaieté, _f._ =broad´ish=, _adj._, un peu large, assez large. =broad´ laugh=, _n._, gros rire, _m._ =broad´-leaved=, _adj._, à larges feuilles. =broad´ly=, _adj._, largement. =broad´ness=, _n._, largeur; (fig.) grossièreté, _f._ =broad´-shouldered=, _adj._, aux larges épaules, qui a les épaules larges. =broad´side= (-saïde), _n._, (nav.) bordée, _f._; (nav.) côté, bord; (print.) in-plano, _m._ To fire a —; _tirer une bordée_. =broad´ stone=, _n._, pierre de taille, _f._ =broad´sword= (-sōrde), _n._, sabre, _m._ =broad´wise= (-waïze), _adv._, en largeur, en large. =brocade´= (-kéde), _n._, brocart, _m._ =broca´ded= (-dède), _adj._, de brocart; (pers.) vêtu de brocart. =bro´cage= _ou_ =bro´kage=. _V._ =brokerage=. =bro´catel=, _n._, brocatelle, _f._; brocard, _m._ =broc´coli=, _n._, brocoli, chou fleur, _m._ =brock´et= (brok’ète), _n._, jeune cerf, daguet, _m._ =bro´gan=, _n._, (shoe) brogan, _f._ =brogue= (brôghe), _n._, accent très prononcé, patois, _m._; (shoe) brogue, _f._ =broil= (broïle), _n._, discussion, dispute; querelle, _f._; tumulte, _m._ =broil=, _v.a._, griller, faire griller. =broil=, _v.n._, griller, se griller. =broil´er=, _n._, gril; (fig.) boute-feu, _m._ =bro´ken= (brô’k’n), _adj._, cassé, brisé, rompu; navré; (of meetings) dissous; dispersé; (of language) décousu; baragouiné, écorché, sans suite; (of country) accidenté; (of time) perdu. — voice; _voix entrecoupée_, _f._ — sleep; _sommeil interrompu_, _m._ =bro´ken-backed= (-bak’te), _adj._, qui a le dos rompu; qui a les reins cassés; (nav.) cassé. =bro´ken-hearted= (-hârt’ède), _adj._, qui a le cœur brisé, qui a le cœur navré. To die —; _mourir de chagrin_. =bro´ken-kneed=, _adj._, (of horses) couronné. =bro´kenly=, _adv._, par morceaux; sans suite. =bro´ken meat=, _n._, restes de viande, rogatons, graillons, _m.pl._ =bro´ken-wind´ed= (-wi’n’dède), _adj._, (vet.) poussif. =bro´ker= (brô-), _n._, courtier; fripier, brocanteur, _m._ Stock —; _agent de change_, _m._ Ship —; _courtier maritime_, _m._ Outside —; _coulissier_, _m._ =bro´kerage= (-édje), _n._, courtage, _m._ =brome= _ou_ =bro´mine= (brôme, -maïne), _n._, (chem.) brome, _m._ =bron´chi=, =bron´chia=, _ou_ =bron´chiæ= (-ki, -ki-a, -ki-i), _n.pl._, bronches, _f.pl._ =bron´chial= _ou_ =bron´chic= (-kial, -kike), _adj._, bronchique. =bronchi´tis= (-kaï-tisse), _n._, bronchite, _f._; catarrhe pulmonaire, _m._ =bronchot´omy= (-ko-), _n._, bronchotomie, _f._ =bronze=, _n._, bronze, _m._ — powder; _bronze jaune_, ou _en coquille_. =bronze=, _v.a._, bronzer; durcir comme l’airain. =bronz´er=, _n._, bronzeur. =bronz´ing=, _n._, bronzage, _m._ =brooch= (brô’tshe), _n._, (jewel) broche, _f._; (paint.) camaïeu, _m._ =brood= (broude), _v.a._, couver; (fig.) nourrir, chérir, soigner. =brood=, _v.n._, couver; se couver; se préparer. To — over; _méditer_ =sur=; _rêver_ =à=. =brood=, _n._, couvée; engeance, race, _f._ =brook= (brouke), _n._, ruisseau, _m._ =brook=, _v.a._, souffrir; endurer, avaler, digérer, boire. =brook´let= (-lète), _n._, petit ruisseau, _m._ =broom= (broume), _n._, balai; (bot.) genêt, _m._ A new — always sweeps clean; _rien ne vaut balai neuf_; _il n’est rien tel que balai neuf_. =broom´rape= (-répe), _n._, (bot.) orobanche; clandestine, _f._ =broom´staff= (-stâfe) _ou_ =broom´stick=, _n._, manche à balai, _m._ =broom´y=, _adj._, rempli de genêts. =broth= (brōth), _n._, bouillon, _m._ Black —; _brouet noir_, _m._ =broth´el=, _n._, bordel, _m._ =broth´er= (breu_th_eur), _n._, frère, _m._ —-in-law; _beau-frère_. Foster-—; _frère de lait_. Elder —; _frère aîné_. Younger —; _frère cadet_. — officer, — in arms; _frère_, ou _compagnon_, _d’armes_, _m._ =broth´erhood= (-houde), _n._, fraternité; confrérie; confraternité, _f._ =broth´erless=, _adj._, sans frère. =broth´erlike= (-laïke), _adj._, en frère; fraternel. =broth´erly=, _adj._, fraternel. =broth´erly=, _adv._, fraternellement. =brought= (brōte), _preterit_ and _past part._ _V._ =bring=. =brow= (braow), _n._, sourcil; front; (fig.) sommet, _m._; croupe, _f._ —-ague; _migraine_, _f._ To knit the —; _froncer le sourcil_. To smooth one’s —; _se dérider_. =brow´beat= (-bîte), _v.a._, mater, déconcerter, intimider, traiter avec hauteur. =brow´beaten=, _past part._, maté, déconcerté, intimidé. =brow´beating=, _n._, langage arrogant, _m._; arrogance, _f._; ton impérieux, _m._ =brow´bound= (-baou’n’de), _adj._, couronné =de=; à l’extrême bord =de=. =brown= (braoune), _adj._, brun; sombre, rembruni; (of the hair) châtain. — bread; _pain bis_, _m._ — paper; _papier gris_, _m._ — sugar; _cassonade_, _f._ — bill; (milit.) _fusil de munition_, _m._ — holland; _toile écrue_, _f._ — study; _sombre rêverie_, _humeur noire_, _f._; _songe creux_, _m._ To be in a — study; _songer creux_. =brown=, _n._, brun; (cook.) rissolé, _m._ =brown=, _v.a._, brunir; (cook.) rissoler: faire roussir. =brown=, _v.n._, brunir, se brunir. =brown´ish=, _adj._, brunâtre. =brown´ness=, _n._, couleur brune, _f._ =browse= (braouze), _v.a._ and _n._, brouter. =browse´wood= (-woude), _n._, brout, _m._ =bruise= (brouze), _v.a._, meurtrir, contusionner; écraser, piler; concasser. =bruise=, _n._, meurtrissure, contusion, _f._ =bruis´er=, _n._, écraseur, concasseur; boxeur. =bruis´ing=, _n._, meurtrissure, contusion, _f._; écrasement, broiement, _m._; (pop.) roulée, volée, _f._ =bruit= (broute), _v.a._, ébruiter, faire courir le bruit (que). =bru´mal= (brou-), _adj._, d’hiver, brumal. =brunette´= (brou-), _n._, brune, brunette, _f._ =brunt= (brun’n’te), _n._, choc, _m._; force; violence, fureur, _f._ — of battle; _fort de la bataille_, _m._ The — of fortune; (fig.) _les coups du sort_, _m.pl._ To bear the — of anything; _faire les frais_ =de=. I shall have to bear the — of it; _c’est moi qu’on rendra responsable_ ou _c’est moi qui devrai en faire les frais_. =brush=, (breushe), _n._, brosse, _f._; balai; pinceau; (fig.) coups, _m.pl._, batterie; (mil.) escarmouche, querelle; queue (of a fox); (of electric light) traînée lumineuse, _f._ =brush=, _v.a._, brosser; effleurer, raser. To — past; _frôler_; _passer rapidement_ =auprès de=. To — away; _enlever_ (_avec la brosse_), _secouer_; (tears) _essuyer_. To — up; _donner un coup de brosse_ =à=; (a subject, language) _repasser_; _se remettre_ =à=. =brush´er=, _n._, brosseur, _m._, -se, _f._ =brush´ing=, _n._, brossée; action de brosser, _f._; brossage, _m._ =brush´maker= (-mék’-), _n._, brossier, fabricant de brosses, _m._ =brush´wood= (-woude), _n._, broussailles, _f.pl._ =brush´y=, _adj._, comme une brosse; rude, hérissé. =bru´tal= (brou-), _adj._, brutal, cruel, inhumain. =brutal´ity=, _n._, brutalité, cruauté, _f._ =bru´talize= (-aïze), _v.a._, abrutir. =bru´talize=, _v.n._, s´abrutir. =bru´tally=, _adv._, brutalement. =brute= (broute), _n._, brute, bête, _f._; brutal, _m._ =brute=, _adj._, insensible; (of animals) sauvage; brutal; privé de raison; grossier; farouche; (of matter) brut. The — creation; _l’espèce animale_, _f._ =bru´tify= (-faïe), _v.a._, abrutir. =bru´tish= (brout’-), _adj._, abruti, de brute, brutal, grossier. =bru´tishly=, _adv._, brutalement, comme une brute, en brute. =bru´tishness=, _n._, brutalité, _f._ =bru´tism=, _n._, (ant.) caractère de la brute; abrutissement, _m._ =bry´ony= (braï’o-), _n._, (bot.) bryone, couleuvrée, _f._ =bub´ble= (beub’b’l), _n._, bulle d´air; (fig.) chimère, utopie; dupe, _f._; jouet, _m._; duperie, flouerie, _f._ — company; _flouerie_. =bub´ble=, _v.a._, duper. =bub´ble=, _v.n._, bouillonner; (of streams) murmurer. To — up; _bouillonner_; (of wine) _pétiller_. =bub´bler=, _n._, trompeur, _m._ =bub´bling=, _n._, bouillonnement; pétillement; (fig.) murmure, _m._ =bu´bo= (biou-), _n._ (med.) bubon, _m._ =buccaneer´= (beuk-ka-nîre), _n._, boucanier, _m._ =buck= (beuke), _n._, (of linen) lessive, _f._; daim; chevreuil; mâle (of the hare, of the rabbit); (fig.) gaillard; beau, élégant, _m._ — hound; _limier_, _m._ — shot; _chevrotine_, _f._ — skin; _peau de daim_, _f._ =buck=, _v.a._, lessiver, laver. =buck=, _v.n._, (man.) faire le saut de mouton. To — up; (fam.) _se hâter_, _se trémousser_. =buck´basket= (-kète), _n._, panier au linge sale, _m._ =buck´bean= (-bîne), _n._ _V._ =bogbean=. =buck´et= (-kète), _n._, seau, baquet, _m._ To kick the —; (pop.) _sauter le pas_; _passer l’arme à gauche_; _claquer_. =buck´ing=, _n._, lessive, _f._ =buck´ing-cloth= (-clōth), _n._, charrier, _m._ =buck´ing-tub= (-teube), _n._, cuvier, _m._ =buck´le= (beuk’k’l), _n._, boucle, _f._ =buck´le=, _v.a._, boucler, attacher, agrafer. To — on; _revêtir_. =buck´le=, _v.n._, plier, se plier, se courber; se boucler; s’attacher avec une boucle. To — to; _s’appliquer_ =à=. To — with; _être aux prises_ =avec=. To — a wheel; _tordre_. =buck´ler= (beuk’-), _n._, bouclier, _m._ =buck´ram= (beuk’-), _n._, bougran, _m._ Man in —; _homme de carton_, _soldat pour rire_, _m._ =buck´wheat= (beuk’hwîte), _n._, sarrasin, blé noir, _m._ =bucol´ic= (biou-), _adj._, bucolique. =bucol´ic=, _n._, poème bucolique; poète bucolique, _m._ =bud= (beude), _n._, bourgeon, bouton; (fig.) germe, _m._, racine, _f._ =bud=, _v.n._, bourgeonner; s’épanouir; fleurir; germer, boutonner. =bud=, _v.a._, écussonner, greffer. A budding poet; _un poète en herbe_, _m._ =Bud´dhism= (boud’-), _n._, bouddhisme, _m._ =Bud´dhist=, _n._, bouddhiste, _m.f._ =bud´ding=, _n._, bourgeonnement; germe, _m._; greffe en écusson, _f._ =bud´dle= (beud’d’l), _n._, (metal.) caisse à laver, _f._ =bud´dle=, _v.a._, (metal.) laver. =budge= (beudje), _v.n._, bouger, bouger =de=; se remuer. =budge=, _n._, peau d’agneau, _f._ =bud´get= (beud’jète), _n._, budget; sac, _m._ =buff= (beufe), _n._, buffle (skin), _m._; couleur chamois; (med.) couenne, _f._ To stand —; _tenir ferme_; _tenir tête_ =à=. =buff=, _adj._, de peau de buffle; de couleur chamois. =buf´falo= (beuf’fa-lô), _n._, buffle, _m._ =buf´falo-snake= (-snéke), _n._, boa, boa constricteur; devin, _m._ =buf´fer= (beuf’-), _n._, tampon (de choc), _m._ — stop; (rail.) _butoir_, _m._ Old —; (pers.) _vieux bonhomme_. =buf´fet= (beuf’fète), _n._, buffet; soufflet, coup de poing, _m._ =buf´fet=, _v.n._, se battre à coups de poing; boxer. =buf´fet=, _v.a._, frapper à coups de poing, battre, souffleter; assaillir; étouffer le son (of bells). Buffeted by the waves; _battu des vagues_. =buf´feting=, _n._, bourrade, _f._; (fig.) attaque, _f._, assaut, _m._ =buf´fle-headed= (-hèdède), _adj._, stupide; à grosse tête. =buffoon´= (beuf’foune), _n._, bouffon, _m._ =buffoon´=, _v.a._, bafouer, ridiculiser. _v.n._, faire le bouffon, bouffonner. =buffoon´ery=, _n._, bouffonnerie, _f._ =buf´fy=, _adj._, (med.) de couenne; couenneux. =bug= (beughe), _n._, punaise, _f._ =bug´bear= (-bère), _n._, épouvantail; loup-garou, _m._ =bug´-bite=, _n._, morsure de punaise, _f._ =bug´gy= (beug’ghi), _adj._, plein de punaises. =bug´gy=, _n._, américaine (_phaeton_), _f._ =bu´gle= (bioug’l), _n._, perle de Venise; (bot.) bugle, _f._ =bu´gle= _ou_ =bu´gle-horn=, _n._, cor de chasse, (mil.) clairon, _m._ =bu´gler=, _n._, clairon, _m._ =bu´gle-weed= (-wîde), _n._, (bot.) marrube, _m._ =bu´gloss= (biou-), _n._, buglosse, _f._ =bug´-wort=, _n._, cimicaire, _f._ =buhl= (bioule), _n._, Boule, _m._ _adj._, de boule. — work; _marqueterie de boule_, _f._ =build= (bilde), _v.a.n._ (_preterit_ and _past part._, Built), bâtir; construire; édifier; (fig.) fonder, baser. — on; _compter_ =sur=, _se fonder_ =sur=. =build=, _n._, construction, forme, _f._; (nav.) gabari _ou_ gabarit, _m._ Of English —; _de construction anglaise_. =build´er=, _n._, constructeur, entrepreneur de bâtiments; (of organs) facteur; (fig.) fondateur, créateur, architecte, _m._ =build´ing=, _n._, construction, structure, bâtisse, _f._; édifice, monument; bâtiment, _m._ — materials; _matériaux de construction_, _m.pl._ — society; _société immobilière_, _f._ =built=, _part._ _adj._, construit; construit =en=; de construction. =bulb= (beulbe), _n._, (anat.) bulbe, _m._; (bot.) bulbe, _f._, oignon, _m._; (of thermometers) boule, _f._ =bulb´ous=, _adj._, bulbeux. =Bulgarian=, _adj._, bulgare. =bulge= (beul’dje), _n._, ventre; (nav.) fond de cale, _m._, sentine, _f._ =bulge= (=out=), _v.n._, faire ventre, bomber. =bu´limy= (biou-), _n._, boulimie, _f._ =bulk= (beulke), _n._, volume, _m._; grosseur, masse; grandeur, capacité, charge, _f._ To break —; (nav.) _entamer_; _commencer le déchargement_; _rompre charge_. Laden in —; _chargé en grenier_. =bulk´head= (beulk’hède), _n._, (nav.) cloison étanche, _f._ =bulk´iness=, _n._, grosseur, taille, _f._; volume, _m._ =bulk´y=, _adj._, gros, volumineux, grand, massif. =bull= (boule), _n._, taureau, _m._; (of the pope) bulle; (blunder) bêtise, boulette, bévue, gaffe, _f._; (at the exchange) joueur à la hausse, haussier, _m._ _v.a._ To —; _jouer à la hausse_. =bul´lace= (boul’léce), _n._, (bot.) prunelle, _f._ =bul´lace-tree= (-trî), _n._, prunellier, _m._ =bull´-baiting= (-bét’-), _n._, combat de taureaux contre des chiens, _m._ =bull´-beggar= (-bèg-gheur), _n._, croquemitaine, _m._ =bull´-calf=, _n._, veau mâle, taurillon, _m._ =bull´-dog=, _n._, dogue, bouledogue, _m._ =bul´len= (beul’lène), _n._, chènevotte, _f._ =bul´len-nail= (-néle), _n._, clou de tapissier, _m._ =bul´let= (boul’lète), _n._, balle, _f._ — proof; _à l’épreuve des balles_. — mold; _moule à balles_, _m._ =bul´letin= (boul’li-tîne), _n._, bulletin, _m._ =bull´fighter=, _n._, toréador, _m._ =bull´-fight= (-faïte), _n._, combat de taureaux (avec des hommes), _m._ =bull´-finch= (-fi’n’she), _n._, bouvreuil, _m._ =bull´-fly= _ou_ =bull´-bee= (-flaïe, -bî), _n._, taon, _m._ =bull´-head= (-hède), _n._, grosse bête, _f._; (ich.) cotte, chabot, cabot, _m._; têtard, _m._ =bul´lion= (boul’ieune), _n._, lingot, _m._; matières d’or et d’argent, _f.pl._; numéraire, _m._ Stock of —; _encaisse métallique_, _f._ — dealer; _changeur_, _m._ =bul´lion-office=, _n._, (com.) bureau pour l’achat des matières d’or et d’argent, _m._ =bull´ish= (boull’-), _adj._, ridicule, saugrenu. =bull´ock= (boul’-), _n._, bœuf, _m._ Young —; _bouvillon_, _m._ =bull’s´-eye=, _n._, œil-de-bœuf, _m._; lanterne sourde, _f._; (nav.) (skylight) lentille, _f._; (mil.) point de mire, _m._ =bull´-terrier=, _n._, boule-terrier, _m._ =bul´ly= (boul’-), _n._, fier-à-bras, matamore, fendant, bravache, _m._ =bul´ly=, _v.a._, rudoyer, maltraiter, malmener; intimider. =bul´ly=, _v.n._, faire le fendant, le fier-à-bras, le matamore. =bul´lying=, _adj._, grossier, brutal. _n._, crânerie, brutalité, _f._ =bul´rush= (boul’reushe), _n._, jonc, _m._ To look for knots in a —; _chercher midi à quatorze heures_. =bul´wark= (boul’weurke), _n._, boulevard, rempart, _m._ =bum= (beume), _n._, derrière, _m._ =bum-bail´iff= (-bé-), _n._, huissier (pop.), garde de commerce; recors, _m._ =bum´ble-bee= (beu’m’b’l-bî), _n._, bourdon, _m._ =bum´boat= (-bôte), _n._, bateau de provisions, _m._ =bum´kin= (beu’m’-), _n._, (nav.) arc-boutant, porte-lof, _m._ =bump= (beu’m’pe), _n._, bosse, _f._; coup, choc, _m._; secousse, chute d’un corps lourd, _f._ =bump=, _v.a._, frapper. _v.n._, cogner, heurter; rebondir. =bump´er=, _n._, rasade, _f._; rouge bord, _m._ =bump´kin= (beu’m’p-), _n._, rustre, rustaud, _m._, rustaude, _f._ =bunch= (beu’n’she), _n._, (of keys) trousseau, _m._; (things tied together) botte, grappe, _f._, bouquet, _m._; (on the back) bosse; (agri.) javelle, _f._ — of onions; _botte d’oignons_, _f._ — of grapes; _grappe de raisin_, _f._ =bunch=, _v.n._, faire bosse. To — out; _bomber_. =bunch=, _v.a._, lier en botte, en bouquet. =bunch´backed= (-bak’te), _adj._, bossu. =bunch´y=, _adj._, touffu, en grappe. =bun´dle= (beu’n’d’l), _n._, paquet; faisceau, tas, _m._; botte; (agri.) javelle, _f._ — of asparagus; _botte d’asperges_, _f._ — of papers; _liasse de papiers_, _f._ =bun´dle=, _v.a._, empaqueter. To — out; _mettre_, ou _jeter_, ou _flanquer_, _à la porte_. To — one’s self off; _plier bagage_; _décamper_, _filer_. _v.n._ To — in and out; _entrer_, _sortir à la hâte_, _en masse_. =bung= (beugn’ghe), _n._, bondon; (artil.) tampon, _m._ —-borer; _bondonnière_, _f._ =bung=, _v.a._, bondonner, boucher. =bung´hole= (-hôle), _n._, bonde, _f._ =bun´gle= (beugn’g’l), _n._, bousillage, _m._; gâchis, _m._; bévue, _f._ =bun´gle=, _v.a._, saveter, gâcher, massacrer. =bun´gle=, _v.n._, s’y prendre de travers, s’y prendre mal, faire de mauvaise besogne. =bun´gler=, _n._, maladroit, savetier, gâcheur, bousilleur, _m._ =bun´gling=, _n._, gâchage, _m._ =bun´gling=, _adj._, maladroit; (of things) saveté, saboté. =bun´glingly=, _adv._, en savetier, maladroitement, absurdement, inhabilement. =bun´ion= (beu’n’io’n), _n._, oignon (on the foot), _m._ =bun´ker=, _n._, (nav.) soute à charbon, _f._ =bunt= (beu’n’te), _n._, (nav.), fond de voile, _m._ =bunt=, _v.n._, (nav.) s’enfler. =bunt´ing=, _n._, étamine, _f._; (orni.) bruant; pavillon, _m._; (flags) drapeaux, _m.pl._ =buoy= (b’oï), _n._, (nav.) bouée, _f._ Life —; _bouée de sauvetage_, _f._ =buoy=, _v.a._, soutenir sur l’eau, baliser. To — up; _soutenir sur l’eau_; (fig.) _soutenir_, _appuyer_, _ranimer_, _relever_. _v.n._, flotter, surnager. To — up with false hopes; _bercer_ (_quelqu’un_) _de fausses espérances_. =buoy´ance= _ou_ =buoy´ancy= (bo’y’a’n’ce, -ci), _n._, faculté de surnager; légèreté, _f._; élan, _m._; fermeté, vivacité; énergie, activité, _f._ =buoy´ant=, _adj._, léger, flottant, élastique, ferme, énergique; animé. =bur= (beur), _n._, (of a spear) arrêt; (bot.) bardane, _f._, glouteron, _m._ =bur´bot= (beur’bote), _n._, (ich.) lotte commune, _f._ =bur´den= (beur’d’n), _n._, fardeau, _m._; charge, _f._ poids; (nav.) port, _m._ The — of years; _le poids des années_. Beast of —; _bête de somme_, _f._ — of a song; _refrain_, _m._ To be a —; _être à charge_ =à=. The — of proof lies with him; _c’est à lui à prouver que_. =bur´den=, _v.a._, imposer un fardeau =à=; charger, opprimer; surcharger. To be —ed with years; _être chargé d’années_. =bur´densome= (-seume), _adj._, onéreux; lourd; ennuyeux, à charge. =bur´dock= (beur-), _n._, (bot.) bardane, _f._; glouteron, _m._ =bu´reau= (biou-), _n._, bureau, _m._ =bureau´cracy=, _n._, bureaucratie, _f._ =bu´reaucrat=, _n._, bureaucrate, _m._ =bureaucrat´ic=, _adj._, bureaucratique. =bur´gess= (beur’djèce), _n._, bourgeois, citoyen, habitant, _m._ =burgh= (beurghe), _n._, bourg, _m._ =burgh´er= (beurgh’-), _n._, bourgeois; citoyen, _m._ =burgh´ership=, _n._, droit de bourgeoisie, _m._ =bur´glar= (beurg’leur), _n._, voleur; auteur de vol de nuit avec effraction, cambrioleur, _m._ =burgla´rious=, _adj._, de vol de nuit avec effraction. =burgla´riously=, _adv._, la nuit avec effraction. =bur´glary= (beurg’leuri), _n._, vol de nuit avec effraction, cambriolage, _m._ =bur´gomaster= (beur’go-mas-teur), _n._, bourgmestre, _m._ =bur´ial= (bè-), _n._, enterrement; ensevelissement, _m._; sépulture, inhumation, _f._ Christian —; _sépulture ecclésiastique_, _sépulture en terre sainte_, _f._ — service; _office des morts_, _m._ — place; _lieu de sépulture_, _m._ — board; _administration des pompes funèbres_, _f._ =bur´ial-ground= (-graou’n’de), _n._, cimetière, _m._ =bur´ier= (bè-ri-eur), _n._, fossoyeur, _m._ =bu´rin= (biou-ri’n), _n._, burin, _m._ =burke=, _v.a._, étouffer; étrangler. =burk´er=, _n._, étouffeur. =burl= (beurl), _v.a._, épinceter, noper (woollen cloth). =burlesque´= (beur-), _adj._ and _n._, burlesque, bouffon. =burlesque´=, _v.a._, parodier, travestir. =burlesq´uer=, _n._, qui fait du burlesque, qui tourne en ridicule. =bur´letta= (beur-), _n._, vaudeville, _m._, farce, bluette, _f._ =bur´liness= (beur-), _n._, grosseur; corpulence; emphase, _f._ =bur´ly= (beur-), _adj._, gros et grand; solidement bâti; bruyant; emphatique. =burn= (beurne), _n._, brûlure; cuite (of bricks), _f._ =burn=, _v.a._, (_preterit_ and _past part._, Burnt, Burned) brûler; (tech.) cuire; (to long) brûler =de=. To — down; _brûler_. To — down to the ground; _brûler de fond en comble_. To — up; _brûler entièrement_. To — to ashes; _réduire en cendres_. =burn=, _v.n._, brûler. To — out; _se consumer_. =burn´er=, _n._, brûleur; (of a lamp) bec, _m._ =burn´ing=, _n._, brûlure, _f._; incendie, _m._; combustion; cautérisation, _f._ =burn´ing=, _adj._, en feu; brûlant. — mirror; _miroir ardent_, _m._ To smell anything —; _sentir quelque chose qui brûle_. =burn´ing-glass= (-glâce), _n._, verre ardent, _m._, lentille, _f._ =burn´ish= (beur-), _v.a._, brunir, polir. =burn´ish=, _v.n._, prendre du brillant. =burn´isher=, _n._, (pers.) brunisseur, _m._, brunisseuse, _f._; (tool) brunissoir, _m._ =burn´ishing=, _n._, brunissage, _m._ =burnt=. _V._ =burn=. =burnt´-offering= (beurn’t’of-feur’-), _n._, holocauste, _m._ =burr= (beure), _n._, lobe (of the ear); ris de veau; ciseau triangulaire; (language) roulement, grasseyement, _m._ =bur´rel-shot= (beur’rèl-shote), _n._, mitraille, _f._ =burr´ing=, _n._, grasseyement, _m._ =bur´row= (beur’rô), _n._, terrier, clapier, _m._ =bur´row=, _v.n._, terrer, se terrer. =bur´sar= (beur-), _n._, économe; boursier, _m._ =bur´sarship=, _n._, économat, _m._; bourse, _f._ =burst= (beurste), _n._, fracas, éclat, _m._, explosion; rupture, hernie, _f._; (fig.) transport, mouvement; déchaînement, débordement, _m._; explosion, _f._ — of laughter; _éclat de rire_, _m._ — of applause; _tonnerre d’applaudissements_, _m._ — of tears; _torrent de larmes_, _m._ — of eloquence; _mouvement d’éloquence_, _m._ — of passion; _transport de colère_, _m._ =burst=, _v.a._, (_preterit_ and _past part._, Burst) crever; faire éclater; fendre; rompre, briser. To — open a door; _enfoncer une porte_. =burst=, _v.n._, crever, éclater; se fendre; faire explosion, jaillir, s’élancer. To — into tears; _fondre en larmes_. To — out into; _éclater_ =en=. =burt= (beurte), _n._, turbot, _m._, limande, _f._ =bur´then= (beur’_th_’n), _n._ _V._ =burden=. =bur´y= (bèr’ré), _v.a._, enterrer; ensevelir, cacher; (fig.) (to plunge) enfoncer, plonger. To — the hatchet; _faire la paix_; _passer l’éponge_ =sur=. =’bus= (beuce), _abréviation de_ omnibus. =bush= (boushe), _n._, buisson, fourré, taillis; (sign-board) bouchon, _m._; (hunt.) queue de renard; terre inculte, _f._ Good wine needs no —; _à bon vin point d’enseigne_. To beat about the —; _tourner autour du pot_. =bush=, _v.n._, devenir touffu. =bush´-beater=, _n._, batteur de buissons, _m._ =bush´el= (boush’èl), _n._, boisseau, _m._ =bush´iness= (boush’-), _n._, état touffu, _m._; épaisseur, _f._ =bush´y= (boushi), _adj._, buissonneux; touffu. — whiskered; _aux épais favoris_. =bus´ily=, _adv._, activement; avec empressement; d’un air officieux, important, affairé. =bus´iness= (biz’nès), _n._, affaire, occupation, besogne, _f._, état, métier, _m._; affaires, _f.pl._; commerce; fonds, fonds de commerce, _m._; (of a banker) clientèle, _f._ Extensive —; _affaires considérables_. Line of —; _genre de commerce_, _m._ Run of —; _courant d’affaires_, _m._ In —; _dans les affaires_; _dans le commerce_. Old established —; _ancienne maison_, _f._ On —; _pour affaire_. To attend to one’s —; _soigner ses affaires_; _être à ses affaires_. To be in — for one’s self; _être établi pour son compte_. To buy a —; _acheter un fonds de commerce_. To do —; _faire des affaires_. To do a great deal of —; _faire de bonnes affaires_. To do — with; _être en relations commerciales_ =avec=. To give up —; _se retirer des affaires_. To give up one’s —; _céder son fonds de commerce_. To put to —; _mettre dans les affaires_. To have a good —; _faire de bonnes affaires_. To make it one’s —; _en faire son affaire_. Mind your own —! _mêlez-vous de ce qui vous regarde!_ You have no — here; _vous n’avez que faire ici_. To settle a —; _arranger une affaire_. To send any one about his —; _envoyer promener quelqu’un_. Go about your —; _allez vous promener_. What — is that of yours? _est-ce que cela vous regarde?_ You have done a fine piece of — indeed! _vous avez fait là une belle équipée!_ What — have you to? _qu’avez-vous besoin_ =de=? What — had you there? _qu’alliez-vous faire là?_ _qu’alliez-vous faire dans cette galère?_ =bus´iness-like= (-laïke), _adj._, d’affaires, propre aux affaires; pratique, régulier; franc, droit, sérieux, rond en affaires. =busk= (beuske), _n._, busc, _m._ — case; _busquière_, _f._ =bus´kin= (beus’-), _n.f._, cothurne, brodequin, _m._, (fig.) tragédie, _f._; style élevé, _m._ =bus´kined= (beus’ki’n’de), _adj._, en brodequins; en cothurnes; (fig.) tragique. =buss= (beuce), _n._, (triv.) baiser, _m._ =buss=, _v.a._, (triv.) embrasser, baiser, baisoter. =bust= (beuste), _n._, buste, _m._; bosse, _f._ From the —; _d’après la bosse_. =bust´ard= (beus’-), _n._, outarde, _f._ =bust´er=, _n._, affaire, _f._ A regular —; _une vraie bombance_, _f._ =bus´tle= (beus’s’l), _n._, mouvement; tumulte, bruit, _m._, confusion; activité, agitation; (part of a lady’s dress) tournure, _f._ =bus´tle=, _v.a._, tracasser, mettre en mouvement. =bus´tle=, _v.n._, se donner du mouvement; se hâter; se trémousser, se remuer. =bus´tler=, _n._, homme remuant, intrigant. =bus´tling=, _adj._, actif, affairé; empressé; remuant, bruyant. — old woman; _vieille alerte_, _f._ (V. Hugo); _vieux lutin_, _m._ =bus´y= (biz’zi), _adj._, affairé, occupé; actif; en mouvement; agité. =bus´y=, _v.a._, occuper. To — one’s self about; _s’occuper_ =de=; _se mêler_ =de=; _s’agiter_. =bus´y-body=, _n._, officieux, _m._, officieuse, _f._; tatillon, _m._, tatillonne, _f._; brouillon, _m._ =but= (beute), _conj._, mais, qui ne; (without) sans que. There is not one of them — knows it; _il n’y en a pas un qui ne le sache_. — that; _sans que_. Not — that; _non que_. That cannot — be; _cela doit être_. He never heard of a quarrel — his fingers itched; _il n’entendait jamais parler d’une querelle, sans que les doigts lui démangeassent_. It cannot — be accounted natural; _on ne peut que le considérer comme naturel_. — few exécutions take place; _il ne se fait que peu d’exécutions_. — yesterday; _hier seulement_, _pas plus tard qu’hier_; _hier encore_. To do nothing —; _ne faire que_. I cannot — see; _je ne peux m’empêcher de voir_, ou _il m’est impossible de ne pas voir_. =but=, _adv._, excepté; ne ... que; moins; seulement; si ce n’est que; ne fût-ce que. — for; _sans_; _si ce n’était que_. I should have died, — for him; _sans lui, je serais mort_. The last — one; _l’avant-dernier_. There is — you who; _il n’y a que vous qui_. All —; _presque_. =but=, _n._ _V._ =butt=. =but=, _prep._, sans. — for his entreaties; _sans ses supplications_; _n’eussent été ses instances_. =butch´er= (bout’sh’eur), _n._, boucher, _m._, bouchère, _f._ —’s boy; _garçon boucher_, _m._ Journeyman —; _étalier_, _m._ —’s shop; _boucherie_, _f._ — stall; _étal de boucher_, _m._ —’s méat; _viande de boucherie_, _grosse viande_, _f._ =butch´er=, _v.a._, égorger, massacrer. =butch´erliness=, _n._, cruauté, _f._ =butch´erly=, _adj._, cruel, barbare. =butch´ery=, _n._, boucherie, _f._, massacre, carnage, _m._ =but´ler= (beut’-), _n._, sommelier, maître d’hôtel, _m._ —’s tray; _plateau à découper_, _m._ =but´ment= (beut’-), _n._, contrefort, contre-boutant, _m._ _V._ =abutment=. =butt= (beute), _n._, bout; gros bout; (of animals) coup de tête, _m._; (of muskets) crosse; (of cues) masse, _f._; (fig.) but, point de mire, _m._, cible; (nav.) butte, tête de bordage; (cask) pipe; pièce (anglaise); (fencing) botte, _f._; (for water) tonneau; (pers.) plastron, _m._ =butt=, _v.n._, cesser (of rams). =butt´-end= (beut’-è’n’de), _n._, gros bout, _m._; crosse, _f._ =but´ter= (beut’-), _n._, beurre, _m._ She looks as if — would not melt in her mouth; _élle fait la sainte Nitouche_. =but´ter=, _v.a._, beurrer; (at play) doubler les enjeux; (fig.) flagorner, encenser. Fair words — no parsnips; (prov.) _je vis de bonne soupe et non de beau langage_ (Molière). =but´ter-boat= (-bote), _n._, beurrier, _m._, petite saucière, _f._ =but´tercup= (-keupe), _n._, (bot.) bouton d’or, _m._ =but´ter-dairy=, _n._, beurrerie, _f._ =but´ter-dish=, _n._ _V._ =butter-boat=. =but´ter-fingers=, _n.pl._, mains de beurre, _f.pl._ =but´terfly= (-flaïe), _n._, papillon, _m._ =but´ter-knife=, _n._, couteau à beurre, _m._ =but´ter-man= (-ma’n), _n._, beurrier, marchand de beurre, _m._ =but´termilk=, _n._, lait de beurre, petit-lait, _m._ =but´ter-pear= (-père), _n._, (bot.) beurré, _m._ =but´ter-sauce=, _n._, sauce blanche, _f._ =but´ter-scotch=, _n._, caramel au beurre, _m._ =but´ter-stamp=, _n._, moule à beurre, _m._ =but´ter-tub=, _n._, tinette, _f._ =but´ter-wife= _ou_ =but´ter-woman= (-waïfe, -wouma’n), _n._, beurrière, marchande de beurre, _f._ =but´terwort= (-weurte), _n._, (bot.) grassette, _f._ =but´tery= (beut’teur’i), _adj._, de beurre; butyreux. _n._, dépense, _f._ =but´tock= (beut’-), _n._, fesse, _f._; (of an ox) cimier, _m._, culotte de bœuf, _f._ =but´ton= (beut’t’n), _n._, bouton, _m._ =but´ton=, _v.a._, boutonner. =but´ton=, _v.n._, se boutonner. =but´ton-hole= (-hôle), _n._, boutonnière, _f._ To — any one; _accoster quelqu’un_ (_à l’imprévu_). =but´ton-hook=, _n._, tire _ou_ tourne-bouton, _m._ =but´toning=, _n._, boutonnement, _m._ =but´ton-maker= (-mék’eur), _n._, boutonnier, _m._ =but´ton-mold=, _n._, moule à bouton, _m._ =but´ton-shank=, _n._, queue de bouton, _f._ =but´tress= (beut’trèce), _n._, arc-boutant, éperon, _m._ =but´tress=, _v.a._, arc-bouter. =bux´om= (beuk’seume), _adj._, beau; enjoué, gai, folâtre, gaillard, réjoui. — woman; _grosse réjouie_ ou _gaillarde_, _f._ =bux´omly=, _adv._, gaiement, joyeusement, gaillardement. =bux´omness=, _n._, gaillardise, _f._ =buy= (ba’ye), _v.a._, (_preterit_ and _past part._, Bought), acheter; (to bribe) corrompre, gagner. To — off; _racheter_. To — out; _racheter_, _libérer du service_, (com.) _acheter la part_ =de=. To — up; _accaparer_. To — of; _acheter_ =à=. =buy´er=, _n._, acheteur, acquéreur, _m._ =buy´ing=, _n._, achat, _m._ — out, off, in; _rachat_, _m._ =buzz= (beuze), _v.a._, chuchoter, dire tout bas, murmurer. =buzz=, _n._, bourdonnement, chuchotement, murmure, _m._ =buzz=, _v.n._, bourdonner. =buz´zard= (beuz’zarde), _n._, buse, _f._ =by= (baïe), _prep._, près de; auprès de; à côté de; par; de; à; d’après; en. — far; _de beaucoup_. — day; _durant la journée_. — the day; _pour la journée_, _à la journée_. He will lose none — me; _il n’en perdra aucune par ma faute_, _de mon fait_. — no means; _nullement_. — the way; _chemin faisant_; (fig.) _à propos_. — this time; _à ce temps_, _alors_, _en ce moment_, _à l’heure qu’il est_. — way of; _pour_; _en guise_ =de=, _par manière_ =de=. He was — me; _il était près de moi_, _à côté de moi_. — that means; _par ce moyen_. Loved — all; _aimé_ =de= _tous_. One — one; _un à un_. — what you say; _d’après ce que vous dites_. — doing that; _en faisant cela_. — that time; _d’ici là_. Money — one; _de l’argent par devers soi_. — one’s self; _tout seul_. — my watch; =à= _ma montre._ — sight; _de vue_. I know him — his walk; _je le connais_ =à= _sa marche_. — measure, weight; _à la mesure_, _au poids_. — seven o’clock; _avant sept heures_. — the end of the day; _à la fin du jour_. — to-morrow; _d’ici à demain_. Two feet — six; _deux pieds sur six_. Longer — two feet; _plus long de deux pieds_. =by=, _adv._, près; là, par là; passé. To be standing —; _être là_. Close —; _tout près_. =by= _ou_ =bye=, _n._, (ce qui n’occupe l’attention qu’indirectement). By the —; _en passant_; _à propos_. =by and by=, _adv._, tout à l’heure. =by-by=, _n._, dodo, _m._ =bye= (baïe), _n._, demeure, _f._, village, _m._; ville, _f._ =by´gone=, _adj._, passé; qui n’est plus. Let —s be —s; _ne revenons pas sur le passé_; _oublions le passé_, _passons l’éponge là-dessus_. =by´-lane= (-léne), _n._, ruelle écartée, _f._; sentier, chemin détourné; chemin de traverse, _m._ =by´-law= (-lō), _n._, loi réglementaire, loi locale, _f._; règlement, statut, arrêté, _m._ =by´-name= (-néme), _n._, sobriquet, surnom, _m._ To be a —; _être l’objet du mépris général_. =by-name=, _v.a._, surnommer. =by-play=, _n._, jeu de scène, jeu muet, jeu accessoire, _m._ =by-road=, _n._, chemin de traverse, _m._; chemin détourné, _m._ =Byron´ian=, _adj._, byronien. =By´ronism=, _n._, byronisme, _m._ =by´-stander=, _n._, assistant; spectateur, _m._; spectatrice, _f._ =by´street=, _n._, rue de traverse, _f._, rue détournée, _f._ =by´way= (-wé), _n._, chemin détourné, obscur, écarté, _m._ =by´word= (-weurde), _n._, dicton, proverbe, _m._; (fig.) risée, _f._ To have become a —; _être passé en proverbe_; (fig.) _être devenu la risée_ =de=. =Byzan´tian= (biz’a’n’shi’a’n) _ou_ =Byzan´tine= (-taïne), _adj._, byzantin. C =c=, troisième lettre de l’alphabet, c, _m._; (mus.) ut, do, _m._; (mus.) clef d’ut, _f._ =cab=, _n._, cabriolet; fiacre, _m._, voiture de place, _f._ To — it; _venir_, ou _aller_, _en voiture_. — driver; _cocher de fiacre_, _m._ — fare; _prix de la course_, _tarif_, _m._ — horse; _cheval de fiacre_, _m._ — stand; _station de voitures de place_, _f._ =cabal´=, _n._, cabale, _f._ _v.n._, cabaler. =cab´ala=, _n._, cabale, _f._ =cab´alism=, _n._, science de cabale, _f._ =cab´alist=, _n._, cabaliste, _m._ =cabalist´ic= _ou_ =cabalist´ical=, _adj._, cabalistique. =cabal´ler=, _n._, cabaleur, _m._ =cab´bage= (-bédje), _n._, chou, _m._; (material) gratte, _f._ Turnip-—; _chou-navet_. Savoy —; _chou frisé_. — lettuce; _laitue pommée_, _f._ =cab´bage=, _v.a._, gratter (to preserve material); chiper, rogner du drap. =cab´bage=, _v.n._, (hort.) pommer. =cab´bage-head= (-hède), _n._, pomme de chou, _f._ =cab´bage-rose=, _n._, rose à cent feuilles, _f._ =cab´bage-sprout= (-spraoute), _n._, chou cavalier, _m._ =cab´bage-stalk= (-stōke), _n._, tige de chou, _f._ =cab´bage-stump= (-steu’m’pe), _n._, trognon de chou, _m._ =cab´bage-tree= (-trî), _n._, chou palmiste, _m._ =cab´by=, _n._, cocher, _m._ =cab´in= (-bine), _n._, cabane; (nav.) chambre, cabine, _f._ — passenger; _passager de première classe_, _m._ Chief —; _grande chambre_. Fore —; _chambre d’avant_. =cab´in=, _v.n._, vivre dans une cabane; loger à l’étroit. =cab´in=, _v.a._, enfermer dans une cabane; emprisonner. =cab´in-boy= (-boï), _n._, (nav.) mousse, _m._ =cab´ined=, _adj._, emprisonné, enfermé; cagé, à l’étroit. =cab´inet= (-nète), _n._, cabinet, _m._ =cab´inet-coun´cil= (-caou’n’-), _n._, conseil des ministres, _m._ =cab´inet-maker= (-mék’-), _n._, ébéniste, _m._ =cab´inet-piano=, _n._, grand piano droit, _m._ =cab´inet-size=, _n._, (photog.) carte-album, _f._ =cab´inet-wood=, _n._, bois d’ébénisterie, _m._ =cab´inet-work=, _n._, ébénisterie, _f._ =ca´ble= (ké’b’l), _n._, câble, _m._ — length; _encablure_, _f._ —gram; _télégramme sous-marin_, _m._ =ca´ble=, _v.a._, (arch.) orner; endenter; (nav.) amarrer; télégraphier. =ca´bled=, _adj._, (nav.) amarré; télégraphié. =ca´blet= (ké-blète), _n._, (nav.) câbleau, câblot, _m._ =caboose´= (ca-bouce), _n._, (nav.) fourneaux, _m.pl._, cuisine, _f._ =cabriolet´= (-lé), _n._, cabriole, _f._, cabriolet, _m._ =caca´o=, _n._, (bot.) cacao; (tree) cacaoyer, cacaotier, _m._ =caca´o-pod= (-pode), _n._, (bot.) cabosse, _f._ =cachec´tic= _ou_ =cachec´tical= (-kèk-), _adj._, (med.) cachectique. =cachex´y= (-kèk-si), _n._, (med.) cachexie, _f._ =cachinna´tion= (cak’i’n’né-), _n._, (ant.) fou rire; éclat de rire, _m._ =cack´le= (cak’k’l), _n._, caquet, _m._ =cack´le=, _v.n._, caqueter (of hens); criailler, cacarder (of geese); (fig.) ricaner. =cack´ler=, _n._, poule qui caquette; oie qui criaille, qui cacarde, _f._; caqueteur, _m._, caqueteuse, _f._ =cack´ling=, _n._, caquetage, _m._ =cacochym´ical= (-ki’m’-), _adj._, (med.) cacochyme. =cac´ochymy= (kak’o-ki’m-i), _n._, (med.) cacochymie, _f._ =cacoph´ony=, _n._, cacophonie, _f._ =cac´tus= (-teusse), _n._, cactus, _m._ =cad=, _n._, (triv.) conducteur d’omnibus; voyou; gamin, goujat, _m._ =cadas´tral=, _adj._, cadastral. — survey; _cadastre_, _m._ =cadav´erous= (-èr-), _adj._, cadavéreux. =cad´dis= (cad’dice), _n._, cadis, _m._; charrée, _f._ =cad´dy=, _n._, boîte à thé, _f._ =cade= (kéde), _adj._, doux; apprivoisé. =cade= (kéde), _n._, caque, _f._, baril, _m._ =cade= (kéde), _v.a._, élever à la main; apprivoiser. =ca´dence= _ou_ =ca´dency= (ké-dè’n’ce, -ci), _n._, cadence; (mus.) chute, _f._ =ca´dence=, _v.a._, cadencer. =cadet´= (-dète), _n._, cadet, _m._; élève d’une école militaire, d’une école navale, _m._ Naval —; _aspirant de marine_, _m._ =cad´ger=, _n._, (triv.) regrattier, mendiant, _m._ =cadme´an= (-mi-) _ou_ =cad´mian=, _adj._, cadméen. =cadu´ceus= (-diou-sheusse), _n._, caducée, _m._ =cadu´city= (-diou-), _n._, caducité, _f._ =caesu´ra= (si-ziou’-), _n._, césure, _f._ =caesu´ral=, _adj._, de césure. =cag=, _n._ _V._ =keg=. =cage= (kédje), _n._, cage, _f._; (prison) violon, _m._ — bird; _oiseau de cage_, _m._ —ful; _cagée_, _f._ — maker; _cagier_, _m._, _cagière_, _f._ =cage=, _v.a._, mettre en cage, encager; mettre au violon, coffrer. =cais´son= (ké’çô’n), _n._, (arch., milit.) caisson, _m._ =cai´tiff= (ké-), _n._, misérable, pendard, gueux, _m._ =cajole´= (ca’djôle), _v.a._, cajoler. =cajol´er=, _n._, cajoleur, _m._, cajoleuse, _f._ =cajol´ery=, _n._, cajolerie, _f._ =cake= (kéke), _n._, gâteau; (agri.) tourteau; (of wax) pain, _m._; (metal.) rosette; (concreted matter) masse, croûte, _f._ Twelfth —; _gâteau des rois_. — of chocolate; _tablette de chocolat_, _f._ — of soap; _pain de savon_. — mold; _moule à gâteaux_, _m._ — shop; _boutique de pâtissier_, _f._ =cake=, _v.n._, se cailler, se prendre, se lier, se coller, se durcir. =cal´abash=, _n._, (bot.) calebasse, _f._ — tree; _calebassier_, _m._ =cal´amine= (-maïne), _n._, calamine, _f._ =calam´itous=, _adj._, calamiteux, désastreux, affreux, funeste. =calam´itously=, _adv._, désastreusement. =calam´ity=, _n._, calamité, _f._; désastre, malheur, _m._ =cal´amus=, _n._, roseau, _m._ =calash´=, _n._, calèche; galoche, _f._ =calc´arate= (-réte), _adj._, (bot.) éperonné. =calca´reous= (-ké-ri-), _adj._, calcaire. =cal´ceated= (-si-étède), _adj._, chaussé. =cal´ciform=, _adj._, semblable à la chaux. =cal´cinate= (-néte), _v.a._ _V._ =calcine=. =calcina´tion= (-né-), _n._, calcination, _f._ =calcine´= (-saïne), _v.a._, calciner. =calcine´=, _v.n._, se calciner. =calc´-spar= (-spâr), _n._, spath calcaire, _m._ =cal´culable= (-kiou-), _adj._, calculable. =cal´culate= (-léte), _v.a._, calculer; adapter, ajuster. =cal´culate=, _v.n._, calculer, compter =sur=. =calcula´tion= (-lé-), _n._, calcul, _m._ =cal´culative= (-lé-), _adj._, de calcul. =cal´culator= (-lé-teur), _n._, calculateur, _m._ =cal´culatory=, _adj._, qui a rapport au calcul. =cal´culose= _ou_ =cal´culous= (-kiou-lôss, -leusse) _adj._, calculeux. =cal´culus= (-leusse), _n._, (math., med.) calcul, _m._ =cal´dron= (cōl’dreu’ne), _n._, chaudron, _m._; chaudière, _f._ =Caledo´nian= (-li-dô-), _adj._, calédonien. =Caledo´nian=, _n._, Calédonien, _m._, Calédonienne, _f._ =calefa´cient= (-lifé-shè’n’te), _adj._, chauffant. =calefac´tion= (-l’i-fac-), _n._, caléfaction, _f._ =calefac´tive= _ou_ =calefac´tory= (cal-i-, -teuri), _adj._, qui chauffe. =cal´efy= (cal-i-faïe), _v.n._, (l.u.) s’échauffer. =cal´efy=, _v.a._, (l.u.) chauffer; échauffer. =cal´endar= (cal-è’n’-), _n._, calendrier, tableau, almanach, _m._; (jur.) liste d’accusés, _f._ — month; _mois solaire_, _m._ =cal´ender=, _n._, cylindre, _m._; calandre, _f._; (Eastern dervish) calender, _m._ =cal´ender=, _v.a._, cylindrer, calandrer. =cal´endering=, _n._, calandrage, _m._ =cal´ends= (cal-è’n’d’ze), _n.pl._, calendes, _f.pl._ =calf= (kâfe), _n._, (_calves_) veau; (of the deer) faon; (of the leg) mollet, gras, _m._; (fig.) buse, _f._, nigaud, niais, veau, _m._ Fatted —; _veau gras_. With —; (of cows) _pleine_. — binding; (book bind.) _reliure en veau_, _f._ — bound; _relié en veau_. —’s foot; _pied de veau_, _m._ —’s head; _tête de veau_, _f._ —’s liver; _foie de veau_, _m._ —’s sweet-bread; _ris de veau_, _m._ =cal´iber= _ou_ =cal´ibre= (cal’i-beur), _n._, calibre; (tech.) compas d’épaisseur, _m._ =cal´ice= (cal’ice), _n._ _V._ =chalice=. =cal´ico=, _n._, calicot, _m._ Printed —; _indienne_, _toile peinte_, _f._ =cal´ico-printer=, _n._, imprimeur d’indiennes, imprimeur de toiles peintes, _m._ =cal´ico-printing=, _n._, impression d’indiennes, _f._ =ca´lif=, _n._ _V._ =caliph=. =cal´ifate=, _n._ _V._ =caliphate=. =caliga´tion= (-ghé-), _n._, (l.u.) obscurcissement de la vue, _m._ =calig´inous= (-dji-), _adj._, (l.u.) obscur, sombre. =caligraph´ic=, _adj._ _V._ =calligraphic=. =calig´raphy=, _n._ _V._ =calligraphy=. =cal´ipash=, _n._, carapace, _f._ =ca´liph= (ké’life), _n._, calife, _m._ =cal´iphate= (-’éte), _n._, califat, _m._ =calk=, =caulk= (kōke), _v.a._, calfater; (of horses) ferrer à glace. =calk´er=, =caulk´er=, _n._, calfat, _m._ =calk´in=, _n._, crampon, _m._ =calk´ing=, =caulk´ing=, _n._, calfatage, _m._ =calk´ing-iron=, =caulk´-= (-aï’eurne), _n._, (tech.) calfait, _m._ =call= (kōl), _n._, appel, _m._; ordres, _m.pl._; demande, _f._; (nav.) sifflet, _m._; (of a trumpet) sonnerie; visite, _f._; (money) appel de fonds, _m._ Bird-—; _appeau_, _pipeau_, _m._ To give any one a —; _faire une visite à quelqu’un_; _passer chez quelqu’un_. At any one’s —; _aux ordres de tout le monde_. At —; (com.) _à commandement_. Within —; _à portée de la voix_. He is at his beck and —; _il lui obéit au doigt et à l’œil_. — to order; _rappel à l’ordre_, _m._ =call=, _v.n._, appeler, crier; venir =chez=, faire visite =à=. To — on any one, at any one’s house; _passer chez quelqu’un_. To — at (of trains, etc.); _passer_ =par=; _s’arrêter_ =à=; (nav.) _toucher_ =à=. To — on; _solliciter une faveur_; _prier_, _conjurer_ =de=. To — out; _crier_, _parler à haute voix_. To — upon; _implorer_. To — again (to come); _repasser_ =chez=, _revenir_. To — one’s self; _s’intituler_. To be called; _s’appeler_. =call=, _v.a._, appeler; invoquer, nommer. To — a cab; _faire venir_, ou _faire avancer_, _une voiture_. To — the roll; _faire l’appel_. To — again, to — back; _rappeler_, _révoquer_, _rétracter_. To — aside; _prendre à part_. To — down; _appeler_, _faire descendre_; (fig.) _faire tomber_, _attirer_. To — for; _appeler_, _demander_, _exiger_; _réclamer_; _aller prendre_. To — to order; _rappeler à l’ordre_. To — forth; (fig.) _provoquer_, _produire_, _inspirer_, _faire naître_. To — into action; _mettre en action_. To — into play; _mettre en jeu_. To — to mind; _se rappeler_. To — in; _faire rentrer_. To — in a doctor; _faire venir un médecin_. To — in money; _retirer de la monnaie de la circulation_. To — out; _appeler_; _provoquer_; _appeler en duel_; (mil.) _appeler sous les drapeaux_. To — up; _faire monter_; _réveiller_, _faire lever_; (fig.) _évoquer_; (jur.) _appeler_, _citer_. To — off; _appeler_, _rappeler_. To — to; _crier_ =à=; _appeler_; _invoquer_, _appeler à son secours_. To — up; (fig.) _évoquer_. To — together; _assembler_, _réunir_. =call´-bell=, _n._, timbre de table, _m._ =call´-bird=, _n._, chanterelle, _f._, (_oiseau_). =call´-boy= (bo-i), _n._, (thea.) avertisseur; (nav.) répétiteur, _m._ =calligraph´ic= _ou_ =calligraph´ical=, _adj._, calligraphique. =callig´raphy=, _n._, calligraphie, _f._ =call´ing=, _n._, appellation; profession, vocation, _f._; métier, état, _m._ — in (of coin); _retrait_, _m._; _démonétisation_, _f._ — out, — over; _appel_, _m._ =callisthen´ic=, _adj._, callisthénique. =callisthen´ics=, _n.pl._, callisthénie, _f._ =callos´ity= (cal-loss’iti), _n._, callosité, _f._, cal, calus, _m._ =cal´lous=, _adj._, calleux; endurci, insensible. =cal´lously=, _adv._, d’une manière calleuse; avec insensibilité. =cal´lousness=, _n._, callosité; insensibilité, _f._; endurcissement, _m._ =cal´low= (-lô), _adj._, sans plume; (fig.) jeune, novice. =cal´lus=, _n._, cal, calus, _m._; callosité, _f._ =calm= (kâme), _n._, calme, _m._ =calm=, _adj._, calme. To get, _ou_ become, —; _se calmer_. =calm=, _v.a._ and _n._, calmer, apaiser. =calm´er=, _n._, adoucissant; calmant; (pers.) consolateur, _m._; -trice, _f._ =calm´ly=, _adv._, avec calme; tranquillement. =calm´ness=, _n._, calme, _m._; tranquillité, _f._ =cal´omel=, _n._, calomel, _m._ =calor´ic=, _n._, calorique, _m._ =calor´ic=, _adj._, de calorique. =calorif´ic=, _adj._, calorifique. =cal´trop=, _n._, (bot.) herse, croix de Malte; (milit.) chausse-trape, _f._ =calum´ba= (-leu’m’-), _n._, (bot.) colombo, _m._ =cal´umet= (cal’iou-mète), _n._, calumet, _m._ =calum´niate= (-leu’m’niéte), _v.a._ and _n._, calomnier. =calumnia´tion= (-ni-é-), _n._, calomnie, _f._ =calum´niator= (-teur), _n._, calomniateur, _m._ =calum´niatory= _ou_ =calum´nious=, _adj._, calomnieux. =calum´niously=, _adv._, calomnieusement. =calum´niousness=, _n._, caractère calomnieux, _m._ =cal´umny= (cal’eu’m’ni), _n._, calomnie, _f._ =cal´vary=, _n._, calvaire, _m._ =calve= (kâve), _v.n._, vêler. =Cal´vinism=, _n._, calvinisme, _m._ =Cal´vinist=, _n._, calviniste, _m.f._ =Calvinist´ic= _ou_ =Calvinist´ical=, _adj._, calviniste. =calv´ish= (kâv’ishe), _adj._, de veau; comme un veau. =cal´yx=, _n._, calice, _m._ =cama´ieu= (ka-mé-yô), _n._ _V._ =cameo=. =camaril´la=, _n._, camarilla, _f._ =cam´ber=, _v.a._, cambrer. _v.n._, se cambrer. =cam´ber=, _n._, cambre, cambrure, _f._ =cam´bering=, _adj._, cambré. =Cam´berwell-beau´ty=, _n._, (butterfly) vanesse, _f._ =cam´bist=, _n._, agent de change, ☉cambiste, _m._ =cam´bric= (ké’m’-), _n._, batiste, _f._ — muslin; _percale_, _f._ =came= (kéme), _v.n._ _V._ =come=. =came= (kéme), _n._, plomb de vitrier, _m._ =cam´el= (cam’èl), _n._, chameau, _m._, chamelle, _f._ =cam´el-backed= (-bak’te), _adj._, à dos de chameau. =cam´el-driver= (-draïv’-), _n._, chamelier, _m._ =came´leon= _ou_ =came´leon-mineral= (-mî-li-), _n._, (chem.) caméléon minéral, permanganate de potasse, _m._ =came´lia=, _n._, camélia, _m._ =camel´opard= (-pârde), _n._, girafe, _f._, ☉camélopard, caméléopard, _m._ =cam´el’s hair= (-el’z’hère), _n._, poil de chameau, _m._ — brush; _pinceau_, _m._ =cam´eo= (ca’m’i-ô), _n._, camaïeu, camée, _m._ =cam´era-lu´cida= (-’i-ra-liou-), _n._, chambre claire, _f._ =cam´era-obscu´ra= (-’i-ra-ob-skiou-), _n._, chambre obscure, _f._ =cam´erate=, _v.a._, voûter, arquer. =cam´erated= (ca’m’i-ré-tède), _adj._, voûté. =camera´tion= (ca’m’i-ré-), _n._, courbure, voûte, _f._ =camisade´= (’-i-céde), _n._, attaque de nuit, _f._ =cam´let=, _n._, camelot, _m._ =cam´leted=, _adj._, cameloté; moiré. =cam´omile= (-maïle), _n._ _V._ =chamomile=. =camp= (ca’m’pe), _n._, camp, _m._ To pitch a —; _asseoir un camp_. To break up a —; _lever un camp_. — equipage; _articles de campement_, _m._ — kettle; _bidon_, _m._ — follower; _goujat_, _mercanti_, _m._ — stool; _pliant_, _m._ =camp=, _v.a._ and _n._, camper. =campaign´= (ca’m’péne), _n._, campagne, _f._ =campaign´=, _v.n._, (milit.) faire campagne. =campaign´er=, _n._, vieux soldat, vétéran, _m._ =campa´na=, _n._, (bot.) pulsatille, _f._ =campani´le= (-nî-lé), _n._, campanile, _m._, campanille, _f._ =campan´ula= (-niou-), _n._, campanule, _f._ =campan´ulate=, _adj._, (bot.) campanulé, en cloche. =campeach´y wood= (-pi-tshi woude), _n._ _V._ =logwood=. =cam´phire= _ou_ =cam´phor= (-feur), _n._, camphre, _m._ =cam´phorate= _ou_ =cam´phorated= (-feur’éte, -étède), _adj._, camphré. =can= (cane), _n._, pot, broc, bidon, _m._; burette, _f._ =can=, _v.a._, mettre en boîte. =can= (cane), _v.n._ (_preterit_ and _conditional_, Could), (to be able) pouvoir, (to know how to) savoir. I — do it; _je peux_, ou _je sais_, _le faire_. — I? _puis-je?_ That — not be; _cela ne peut pas être_; _cela ne se peut pas_. He — read; _il sait lire_. — it be true? _serait-ce vrai?_ As true as — be; _aussi vrai que possible_. =canal´=, _n._, canal, _m._ =canalic´ulate= _ou_ =canalic´ulated= (-kiou-léte, -létède), _adj._, cannelé. =canal´izable=, _adj._, canalisable. =canaliza´tion=, _n._, canalisation. =cana´ry= (-né-), _n._, vin des Canaries; (orni.) serin, _m._ =cana´ry-bird= (-beurde), _n._, serin, _m._ Cock-—; _serin_, _m._ Hen-—; _serine_, _f._ =cana´ry-grass= (-grâce), _n._, alpiste; blé des Canaries, _m._ =cana´ry-seed= (-sîde), _n._, graine des Canaries, _f._ =can´cel=, _v.a._, annuler; résilier; effacer, biffer, rayer; (com.) résilier; (jur.) ☉canceller; (print.) refaire. =can´cel=, _n._, (print.) feuillet refait, _m._ =can´cellated= (-létède), _adj._, rayé; cellulaire. =cancella´tion= (-lé-), _n._, (jur.) cancellation, _f._ =can´cer=, _n._, cancer, _m._ =can´cerate= (-ceur’éte), _v.n._, devenir cancéreux; s’ulcérer. =cancera´tion= (-ceur’é-), _n._, ulcération cancéreuse, _f._ =can´cerous=, _adj._, cancéreux. =can´cerousness=, _n._, état cancéreux, _m._ =can´criform=, _adj._, cancriforme. =can´crine= (-craïne), _adj._, de cancre; cancéreux. =candela´brum= (-lé-breu’me), _n._, (_candelabra_), candélabre, _m._ =can´dent= (-dè’n’te), _adj._, chauffé à blanc. =can´did=, _adj._, candide, franc, sincère, ingénu; loyal, impartial. =can´didate= (-déte), _n._, candidat, aspirant, _m._ =can´didly=, _adv._, candidement, franchement, ingénument, loyalement, en bonne foi, en conscience. =can´didness=, _n._, candeur, franchise, sincérité; bonne foi, _f._ =can´died= (ca’n’dide), _adj._, candi. =can´dle= (ca’n’d’l), _v.a._, (eggs) mirer. =can´dle=, _n._, chandelle; lumière, bougie, (church) cierge, _f._ Wax —; _bougie_. Mold —; _chandelle moulée_. Dipped —; _chandelle plongée_. A — studied, labored speech; _un discours qui sent la chandelle_. =can´dle-end= (-è’n’de), _n._, bout de chandelle, _m._; débris, brins, fragments, _m.pl._ =can´dle-grease= (-grîce), _n._, suif, _m._ =can´dle-light= (-laïte), _n._, lumière de la chandelle, _f._ By —; _à la lumière_; _à la lumière de la chandelle_, ou _des chandelles_; _aux chandelles_. =can´dle-maker=, _n._, fabricant de chandelles, _m._ =can´dlemas= (-meusse), _n._, la Chandeleur, _f._ =can´dle-mold=, _n._, moule à chandelles, _m._ =can´dle-power=, _n._, pouvoir éclairant de la chandelle, _m._ =can´dlestick=, _n._, chandelier, _m._ Bedroom —; _bougeoir_, _m._ =can´dle-stuff= (-steufe), _n._, suif, _m._; cire, stéarine, _f._ =can´dle-wick=, _n._, mèche de chandelle, _f._ =can´dor= (-deur), _n._, candeur, franchise, sincérité, bonne foi, _f._ =can´dy=, _v.a._, faire candir. =can´dy=, _v.n._, se candir, se cristalliser. =can´dy=, _n._, candi, _m._ =cane= (kéne), _n._, canne, _f._; (of an umbrella) jonc, _m._, tige, _f._; (agri.) plant, cep, _m._ —chair; _chaise de canne_, _f._ — basket; _panier de jonc_, _m._ — knob; _pomme de canne_, _f._ — sugar; _sucre de canne_, _m._ =cane´-juice=, _n._, suc de canne, _m._ =cane=, _v.a._, donner des coups de canne =à=. =cane´-mill=, _n._, moulin à sucre, _m._; sucrerie, _f._ =canes´cent= (-nès-cè’n’te), _adj._, blanchissant, blanchâtre, tirant sur le blanc. =cane´trash= (-trashe), _n._, bagasse, _f._ =cane´-work= (-weurke), _n._, objet, ouvrage de canne, _m._ =canic´ula= _ou_ =can´icule= (-nik’iou-), _n._, (astron.) canicule, _f._ =canic´ular=, _adj._, caniculaire. =canine´= (-naïne), _adj._, canin, de chien. =ca´ning= (ké-), _n._, coups de canne, _m.pl._, râclée, _f._ =ca´ning=, _n._, (of chairs) cannage, _m._ =can´ister=, _n._, boîte de fer blanc, _f._ =can´ister-shot= (-shote), _n._, mitraille; boîte à balles, _f._ _V._ =case-shot=. =can´ker= (kagn’keur), _n._, (fig.) ver rongeur, fléau, _m._; gangrène, _f._; (med.) chancre; (bot.) gratte-cul, _m._ =can´ker=, _v.a._, ronger; corrompre, envenimer, empoisonner. =can´ker=, _v.n._, se ronger; se gangrener, se corrompre. =can´ker-bit= (-bite), _adj._, gangrené. =can´kered= (-keurde), _adj._, rongé, gangrené; hargneux (fig.). =can´ker-fly= (-flaïe), _n._, ver rongeur des fruits, _m._ =can´kerous=, _adj._, chancreux; rongeant. =can´ker-worm= (-weurme), _n._, ver rongeur, _m._; chenille, _f._; (pop.) argent comptant, _m._ =can´nibal= (ca’n’ni-bal), _n._, cannibale, anthropophage, _m.f._ =can´nibalism=, _n._, cannibalisme, _m._; anthropophagie, _f._ =can´nibally=, _adv._, en cannibale. =can´non= (ca’n’no’n), _n._, (artil., print.) canon; (billiards) carambolage, _m._, bouche à feu, _f._ =can´non=, _v.n._, caramboler. =cannonade´= (-’éde), _n._, canonnade, _f._ =cannonade´=, _v.a._, canonner. =cannonade´=, _v.n._, se canonner. =can´non-ball= (-bōl), _n._, boulet de canon, _m._ =cannoneer´= _ou_ =cannonier´= (-’îre), _n._, canonnier, _m._ =can´noning=, _n._, (at billiards) carambolage, _m._ — game; _jeu de carambolage_, _m._ =can´non-proof= (-proufe), _adj._, à l’épreuve du canon. =can´non-shot= (-shote), _n._, boulet de canon, coup de canon, _m._; portée de canon, _f._ Within —; _à portée de canon_. =can´nular= (-’niou-), _adj._, tubuleux, tubulaire. =canoe´= (-nou), _n._, canot, _m._; pirogue, périssoire, _f._ =can´on= (ca’n’-o’n), _n._, (ecc.) canon; chanoine, _m._; (print.) canon, gros canon. =ca´ñon= _ou_ =can´yon=, _n._, gorge, _f._, défilé, _m._ =can´oness=, _n._, chanoinesse, _f._ =canon´ical=, _adj._, canonique. =canon´ically=, _adv._, canoniquement. =canon´icalness=, _n._, canonicité, _f._ =canon´icals= (-calze), _n.pl._, (ecc.) vêtements sacerdotaux, _m._ =canon´icate= (-kéte), _n._, canonicat, _m._ =can´onist=, _n._, canoniste, _m._ =canonist´ic=, _adj._, de canoniste. =canoniza´tion= (-’aïzé-), _n._, canonisation, _f._ =can´onize= (-naïze), _v.a._, canoniser. =can´on-law= (-lō), _n._, droit canon, _m._ =can´onry= _ou_ =can´onship=, _n._, canonicat, _m._ =can´opy=, _n._, dais; pavillon; (arch.) baldaquin, _m._; (of heaven) voûte, _f._ — bed; _lit à baldaquin_, _m._ =can´opy=, _v.a._, couvrir d’un dais. =cant= (ka’n’te), _n._, jargon, argot, _m._; afféterie; hypocrisie, cafarderie, _f._; langage hypocrite, _m._, (tech.) chanfrein, pan coupé, _m._ =cant=, _v.n._, parler avec afféterie, avec cafarderie, avec affectation; enjôler. =cant=, _v.a._, pousser, jeter; (arch.) chanfreiner; (nav.) rouler, capoter; incliner. To — over; _renverser_; (timber) _débillarder_; (stones) _épanneler_. =Can´tab=, _n._, étudiant de l’université de Cambridge. =can´talever= _ou_ =can´tilever=, _n._, modillon, _m._ =can´taloupe= (-loupe), _n._, (hort.) cantaloup, _m._ =cantan´kerous=, _adj._, acariâtre, revêche. =canta´ta= (-tâ-), _n._, cantate, _f._ =canteen´= (-tîne), _n._, (milit.) cantine, _f._; bidon, _m._ =cant´er=, _n._, hypocrite, _m.f._; cafard, tartufe, _m._; cafarde, _f._; galop de chasse; petit galop, _m._ =cant´er=, _v.n._, aller au petit galop. =can´terbury=, _n._, casier à musique, _m._; (geog.) Cantorbéry, _m._ =Can´terbury-bell=, _n._, (bot.) violette marine, _f._; campanule, _f._ =can´tharis= (-tha-), _n._, (_cantharides_) cantharide, _f._ =can´ticle= (-ti’k’l), _n._, cantique, _m._ =can´tillate= (-léte), _v.a._, chantonner. =cant´ing=, _adj._, affété, cafard; hypocrite, tartufe; (her.) parlant. =cant´ingly=, _adv._, avec afféterie, avec cafarderie, avec affectation. =can´tle= (ka’n’t’l), _v.a._, (ant.) diviser, morceler. =can´to= (-tô), _n._, chant, _m._ =can´ton=, _n._, canton, _m._ =can´ton=, _v.a._, diviser en cantons; (milit.) cantonner. =can´tonal=, _adj._, cantonal. =can´tonize= (-aïze), _v.a._, diviser en cantons. =can´tonment=, _n._, cantonnement, _m._ =can´ula= (-’iou-), _n._, (surg.) canule, _f._ =can´vas= (-’vace), _n._, canevas, (fig.) tableau, _m._, peinture; toile, voile, (sail-cloth) toile à voiles, _f._ Mellowing —; _peinture qui s’agatise_ (Th. Gautier). Under —; (mil.) _sous tentes_; (nav.) _sous voiles_. — shoe; _soulier en toile_, _m._ =can´vass= (-’vace), _n._, débat, _m._, discussion, brigue; sollicitation de suffrages, _f._; (com.) sollicitation de commandes, _f._ =can´vass=, _v.a._, agiter, débattre, discuter, solliciter. =can´vass=, _v.n._, briguer; solliciter des suffrages, (com.) solliciter des commandes, faire la place. =can´vasser=, _n._, brigueur; solliciteur de suffrages, courtier électoral, (com.) placier, _m._ =ca´ny= (ké-ni), _adj._, de canne, de jonc. =canzonet´= (-nète), _n._, chansonnette, _f._ =caoutchouc´= (-’tshouke), _n._, caoutchouc, _m._ =cap=, _n._, (woman’s) bonnet, _m._; (man’s) casquette; (of a cardinal) barrette; (universities) toque; (smoking) calotte, _f._; (of fire-arms) capsule, amorce; (of foils) mouche, _f._; (of a bell) chapeau; (nav.) chouquet; (horl.) recouvrement, _m._, cuvette, _f._ Skull —; _calotte_, _f._ Knee —; _boîte_, _noix_, _f._ — and bells; _marotte_, _f._ If the — fits wear it; _qui se sent morveux, qu’il se mouche_. To set one’s — at; _vouloir captiver_, _chercher à plaire_ =à=. =cap=, _v.n._, coiffer, couronner; (of foils) moucheter; (tech.) bonneter, capsuler; (fig.) surpasser; dépasser =de=; mettre le comble =à=. To — a statement; _renchérir_ =sur=. That caps me; _cela me passe_. =capabil´ity= (ké-), _n._, capacité, _f._ =ca´pable= (ké-pa’b’l), _adj._, capable, susceptible =de=. =ca´pableness=, _n._, capacité, _f._ =capa´cious= (-pé-sheusse), _adj._, ample, vaste, étendu; grand, spacieux. =capa´ciousness=, _n._, capacité; étendue, _f._ =capac´itate= (-téte), _v.a._, rendre capable =de=, _ou_ propre =à=; mettre en état =de=. =capac´ity=, _n._, capacité; (employment) qualité, _f._, titre, _m._ In the — of; _en qualité_ =de=. In that —; _à ce titre_. =cap-a-pie´= (-pî), _adv._, de pied en cap. =capar´ison= (-ceune), _n._, caparaçon, _m._ =capar´ison=, _v.a._, caparaçonner. =cape= (képe), _n._, collet, carrick, _m._; pèlerine, rotonde, berthe, _f._; (geog.) cap, _m._ =cap´elin=, _n._, (ich.) capelan, caplan, _m._ =Capel´la=, _n._, (astr.) la Chèvre. =capell´-master=, _n._, maître de chapelle, _m._ =ca´per= (ké-), _n._, cabriole, _f._; (dancing) bond, entrechat, _m._; (bot.) câpre, _f._ — sauce; _sauce aux câpres_, _f._ =ca´per=, _v.n._, cabrioler; (dancing) faire des entrechats; bondir, sauter, faire des cabrioles. =ca´per-bush= (-boushe), _n._, câprier, _m._ =ca´perer=, _n._, cabrioleur, _m._ =ca´pias= (ké-), _n._, (jur.) prise de corps, _f._; mandat d’arrêt, mandat d’amener, _m._ =capilla´ceous= (-lé-sheusse), _adj._, capillaire. =capillaire´=, _n._, sirop de capillaire, _m._ =cap´illariness= _ou_ =capillar´ity=, _n._, capillarité, _f._ =cap´illary=, _adj._, capillaire. =cap´ital=, _n._, (com., fin.) capital, _m._, capitaux, _m.pl._; (arch.) chapiteau, _m._; (town) capitale, _f._; (com.) fonds social, _m._; (print., writing) majuscule, capitale, _f._ To make — out of; _exploiter_. =cap´ital=, _adj._, capital; excellent, parfait; essentiel; majuscule. That’s —; _c’est parfait_. —! _parfait!_ — fellow; _excellent garçon_. =cap´italist=, _n._, capitaliste, _m._ =cap´itally=, _adv._, parfaitement; principalement; admirablement, à merveille. =capita´tion= (-té-), _n._, dénombrement, _m._; capitation, _f._ — fee; _rétribution par tête_, _f._ =cap´itol= (-tôle), _n._, capitole, _m._ =capito´lian= _ou_ =cap´itoline= (-tô-li-a’n, -laïne), _adj._, capitolin. =capit´ular= _ou_ =capit´ulary= (-pit’iou-), _n._, capitulaire, membre d’un chapitre, _m._ =capit´ularly=, _adv._, capitulairement. =capit´ulate= (-pit’iou-léte), _v.n._, capituler. =capitula´tion= (-pit’iou-lé-), _n._, capitulation, _f._ =ca´pon= (ké’p’n), _n._, chapon, _m._ =ca´pon=, _v.a._, chaponner. =caponniere´= (-nîre), _n._, caponnière, _f._ =capot´=, _adj._, (at cards, etc.), capot. _v.a._, faire capot. =capote´=, _n._, capote, _f._ =capped= (cap’te), _adj._, coiffé; couronné; (horl.) à recouvrement. =cap´ping=, _n._, (of fire-arms) amorçage; (tech.) bonnetage, _m.pl._, armature, _f._ =caprice´= (-prîce), _n._, caprice, _m._ =capri´cious= (-prish’eusse), _adj._, capricieux. =capri´ciously=, _adv._, capricieusement. =capri´ciousness=, _n._, caractère capricieux, _m._; humeur capricieuse, _f._ =Cap´ricorn= (-côrne), _n._, capricorne, _m._ =cap´riform= _ou_ =cap´rine= (cap’raïne), _adj._, en chèvre; lascif. =cap´rizant=, _adj._, capricant (of the pulse). =cap´sicum=, _n._, piment, _m._ =capsize´= (-saïze), _v.a._, chavirer; faire chavirer. =capsize´=, _v.n._, (nav.) chavirer, verser. =cap´stan=, _n._, cabestan, _m._ =cap´sular= _ou_ =cap´sulary= (-siou-), _adj._, capsulaire. =cap´sulate= (-siou-léte) _ou_ =cap´sulated= (-siou-létède), _adj._, enfermé dans une capsule. =cap´sule=, _n._, capsule, _f._ =cap´tain= (kap’ti’n), _n._, capitaine, _m._ Post —; (nav.) _capitaine de vaisseau_. — of a gun; _chef de pièce_; (merc. navy) _capitaine de navire_. =cap´taincy=, =cap´tainship=, _n._, grade de capitaine, _m._; capitainerie, _f._ =capta´tion= (-té-), _n._, (ant.) capture; (jur.) captation, _f._; (courtship) cour, _f._ =cap´tion=, _n._, prise de corps, arrestation, _f._; (of things) saisie, _f._; (of articles, chapters) entête, _m._ =cap´tious= (-sheusse), _adj._, captieux; pointilleux, chicaneur; susceptible. =cap´tiously=, _adv._, captieusement. =cap´tiousness=, _n._, disposition à la critique, pointillerie, chicanerie; susceptibilité, _f._ =cap´tivate= (-véte), _v.a._, captiver; charmer, séduire; capter; assujettir. =cap´tivating=, _adj._, enchanteur, séduisant; qui captive. =captiva´tion= (-vé-), _n._, assujettissement, _m._; séduction, _f._ =cap´tive=, _n._, captif, _m._, captive, _f._; prisonnier, _m.f._; prisonnière, _f._ =cap´tive=, _adj._, captif; de captif. =captiv´ity=, _n._, captivité, _f._ =cap´tor= (-teur), _n._, (nav.) capteur; preneur, _m._ =cap´ture= (capt’ioure), _n._, capture; prise, arrestation, _f._ =cap´ture=, _v.a._, capturer, prendre, arrêter. =capuchin´= (cap’iou-shîne), _n._, capucin, _m._, capucine; mante à capuchon (woman’s), _f._ =car= (câre), _n._, char, chariot, _m._; (gig) carriole, _f._; (of a balloon) nacelle, _f._ =car´abine= (-baïne) _ou_ =car´bine= (câr-baïne), _n._, carabine, _f._; mousqueton, _m._ =carabineer´= (-nîre), _n._, carabinier, _m._ =car´ack= _ou_ =car´rack=, _n._, caraque, _f._, (a galleon). =car´acole= (-côle), _n._, caracole, _f._ =car´acole=, _v.n._, (man.) caracoler. =car´amel=, _n._, caramel, _m._ =caran´na=, _n._, caragne, gomme caragne, _f._ =car´apace=, _n._, carapace, _f._ =car´at= (-ate), _n._, carat, _m._ =caravan´= (-va’n), _n._, caravane, _f._ =caravan´sary= (-va’n’sa-) _ou_ =caravan´serai= (-va’n’sè-), _n._, caravansérail, _m._ =car´avel= _ou_ =car´vel= (câr-), _n._, caravelle, _f._ =car´away= (-wé), _n._, carvi, cumin des prés, _m._ — seed; _graine de carvi_, _f._ =car´bon= (câr-bo’n), _n._, (chem.) carbone, _m._ =car´bonate= (-’éte), _n._, carbonate, _m._ =carbon´ic=, _adj._, carbonique. =carbonif´erous=, _adj._, carbonifère. =carboniza´tion= (-aïzé-), _n._, carbonisation, _f._ =car´bonize= (-’aïze), _v.a._, carboniser. =car´boy=, _n._, tourie, dame-jeanne, _f._; bocal, _m._ =car´buncle= (câr-bugn’k’l), _n._, escarboucle, _f._; (med.) charbon, _m._ =car´buncled= (-k’lde), _adj._, garni d’escarboucles; (of the nose) bourgeonné. =carbunc´ular= (-kiou-), _adj._, d’escarboucle; rouge; (med.) charbonneux. =car´buret= (câr-biou-rète), _n._, (chem.) carbure, _m._ =car´bureted=, _adj._, carburé. =car´cajou=, _n._, carcajou, _m._ =car´canet= (câr-ca-nète), _n._, carcan; collier de pierreries, _m._ =car´case= _ou_ =car´cass= (câr-), _n._, carcasse, _f._; cadavre, corps mort, _m._ =carcino´ma= (câr-ci-nô-), _n._, carcinome, cancer, _m._ =card= (cârde), _n._, carte; (manu.) carde; (of the winds) rose des vents; (of address) carte d’adresse, _f._ =card=, _v.a._, carder. =card´amine= (câr-da-maïne), _n._, (bot.) cardamine, _f._ =card´amom= (câr-da-meume), _n._, (bot.) cardamome, _m._ =card´-basket=, _n._, corbeille à cartes, _f._ =card´board=, _n._, carton, _m._ =card´-case= (-kéce), _n._, étui à cartes, _m._ =card´er= (cârd’-), _n._, cardeur, _m._, cardeuse, _f._ =car´diac=, _adj._, cardiaque. =car´diac=, _n._, (med.) cardiaque, _m._ =cardi´acal= (câr-), _adj._, fortifiant. =car´dialgy= (câr-di-al-dji), _n._, cardialgie, _f._ =car´dinal= (câr-), _n._, cardinal, _m._ =car´dinal=, _adj._, cardinal. — points; _points cardinaux_, _m.pl._ — virtues; _vertus cardinales_, _f.pl._ =car´dinalate= (-éte) _ou_ =car´dinalship=, _n._, cardinalat, _m._ =card´ing=, =cardage=, _m._ — house; _carderie_, _f._ — machine; _machine à carder_, _cardeuse_, _f._ =card´maker= (-mék’-), _n._, cartier, _m._ =card´-paper= (-pé-peur), _n._, carton fin, _m._ =card´-player=, _n._, joueur, _m._, _ou_ joueuse, _f._, de cartes. =card´-playing=, _n._, jeu de cartes, _m._, (les) cartes, _f.pl._ =card´-rack= (-rack), _n._, porte-cartes, _m._ =card´-room= (-roume), _n._, salon de jeu, _m._ =card´-sharper=, _n._, grec, fileur de cartes, bonneteur, _m._ =card´-table= (-téb’l), _n._, table de jeu, _f._ =card´-tray=, _n._, plateau à cartes, _m._ =care= (kère), _n._, soin; souci, _m._; précaution, sollicitude; attention, _f._ To the — of; _aux soins_ =de=. To take — of; _prendre soin_ =de=. To take — to; _prendre garde_ =à=; _se garder_ =de=; _avoir soin_ =de=. — of; _aux bons soins_ =de=. With —; _avec soin_; (of packages) _fragile_; (of souls) _à charge d’âmes_. Take — he does not touch you; _prenez garde qu’il ne vous touche_ (subj.). Take great — NOT to do it; _gardez-vous bien de le faire_. Take — of yourself; _soignez-vous bien_; (beware of harm) _prenez garde à vous_. They are old enough to take — of themselves; _ils sont d’âge à se conduire_. To place under the — of; _confier_ =à=; _confier aux soins_ =de=. =care=, _v.n._, se soucier =de=, s’inquiéter =de=. To — for; _tenir_ =à=, _se mettre en peine_ =de=. I don’t — for it; _je n’y tiens pas_; _je ne m’en soucie pas_. I don’t —! _je m’en moque!_ What do I —? _que m’importe?_ ou _qu’est-ce que cela me fait?_ =care´-crazed= (-créz’de), _adj._, accablé de soucis. =careen´= (-rîne), _n._, (nav.) carène, _f._ =careen´=, _v.a._, (nav.) mettre en carène, caréner, abattre. =careen´=, _v.n._, (nav.) donner de la bande, se coucher; être à la bande. =careen´ing=, _n._, carénage, _m._ =career´= (-rieur), _n._, carrière, course, _f._ =career´=, _v.n._, courir rapidement; courir =sur=; s’élancer, voler. =care´ful= (kér’foule), _adj._, soigneux, attentif; prudent; plein de soucis, soucieux. =care´fully=, _adv._, soigneusement, attentivement. =care´fulness=, _n._, attention, _f._; soin; souci, _m._ =care´less=, _adj._, sans souci; insouciant, nonchalant; négligent =de=; indifférent =à=; sans souci =de=; oublieux =de=. =care´lessly=, _adv._, sans souci, avec insouciance, nonchalamment, négligemment. =care´lessness=, _n._, insouciance, nonchalance, négligence, _f._, incurie, indifférence, _f._ =caress´= (-rèce), _n._, caresse, _f._ =caress´=, _v.a._, caresser. =ca´ret= (ké’rète), _n._, renvoi, _m._ =care´worn= (-wôrne), _adj._, usé par les soucis. =car´go= (cârgô), _n._, cargaison, _f._; chargement, _m._ =car´ibou=, _n._, caribou, _m._ =car´icature= (-tioure), _n._, caricature, charge, _f._ =car´icature=, _v.a._, caricaturer. =car´icaturist= (-tiouriste), _n._, caricaturiste, _m._ =ca´ries= (ké-ri-ize), _n._, carie, _f._ =car´illon= (ca-ril-leune), _n._, petite cloche, _f._; (mus.) carillon, _m._ =ca´rious= (ké-), _adj._, carié. To become —; _se carier_. =cark´ing=, _adj._, cuisant; fatigant; douloureux, cruel. =car´man= (câr-ma’n), _n._, (_carmen_) charretier, _m._ =car´line= (câr-line), _n._, (nav.) carlingue, _f._ =carmagnole´=, _n._, carmagnole, _f._ =Car´melite= (câr-mèl-aïte), _adj._, de carme, de carmélite. =Car´melite=, _n._, carme, _m._ — nun; _carmélite_, _f._ =car´minate=, _v.a._, carminer. =carmin´ative=, _adj._, carminatif. =carmin´ative=, _n._, carminatif, _m._ =car´mine= (câr-maïne), _n._, carmin, _m._ =car´nage= (câr-nédje), _n._, carnage, _m._ =car´nal= (câr-), _adj._, charnel. —-minded, _adj._; _sensuel_, _charnel_; _mondain_. —-mindedness, _n._; _sensualité_, _f._ =car´nally=, _adv._, charnellement; par la chair. =carna´tion= (-né-), _n._, carnation, _f._; (bot.) œillet giroflée, œillet des fleuristes, _m._ =carna´tion-color= (-keul’leur), _n._, incarnat, _m._ =car´neous= (câr-ni-eusse), _adj._, charnu. =carnifica´tion= (câr-ni-fi-ké-), _n._, carnification, _f._ =car´nify= (câr-ni-faïe), _v.n._, se carnifier. =car´nival= (câr-), _n._, carnaval, _m._ =carniv´orous=, _adj._, carnivore. =carnos´ity= (-noss’i-), _n._, carnosité, _f._ =car´nous=, _adj._, charnu. =car´ny= (câr-), _v.n._, pateliner. =car´nying=, _adj._, patelin. _n._, patelinage, _m._ =car´ob=, _n._, (bot.) (tree) caroubier, _m._; (fruit) caroube, carouge, _f._ =car´ol=, _n._, chanson, _f._; chant, (of larks) grisollement, _m._ Christmas —; _chant de Noël_, _m._ =car´ol=, _v.a.n._, chanter, (of larks) grisoller. =carot´id=, _n._, (anat.) carotide, _f._ =carot´id=, _adj._, (anat.) carotide, carotidien. =carous´al= (-zal), _n._, carrousel, _m._; orgie, ripaille, _f._ =carouse´= (ca-raou-ze), _v.n._, boire, riboter. =carou´ser=, _n._, grand buveur, riboteur, ripailleur, _m._ =carp= (cârpe), _n._, (ich.) carpe, _f._ — pond; _étang à carpes_, _carpier_, _m._ =carp= (cârpe), _v.a._ and _n._, blâmer; censurer, épiloguer =sur=; trouver =à= redire =à=; gloser =sur=. To — at; _gloser_ =sur=. =car´penter= (câr-pè’n’-), _n._, charpentier, menuisier, _m._ =car´pentry=, _n._, charpenterie, menuiserie, _f._ =carp´er=, _n._, gloseur, épilogueur, _m._ =car´pet= (câr-pète), _n._, tapis, _m._ — bag; _sac de nuit_, _m._ — broom; _balai de jonc_, _m._ — knight; _chevalier de salon_, _m._ — walk; _tapis vert_, _m._ =car´pet=, _v.a._, garnir de tapis; (fig.) tapisser. =carp´ing= (cârp’-), _adj._, pointilleux, caustique. =carp´ing=, _n._, glose, censure, critique, _f._ =carp´ingly=, _adv._, en glosant, en critique; malignement. =car´riage= (car’ridje), _n._, voiture, _f._; équipage; (rail.) wagon, _m._, voiture, _f._; (of parcels) port, factage, camionnage; (of the body) port, maintien, _m._; tenue, démarche, conduite, _f._; (of cannon) affût, _m._; (com.) frais de transport, _m.pl._ To keep one’s —; _avoir équipage_, ou _voiture_; _tenir équipage_. Gentleman’s —; _voiture de maître_. — and pair, and four; _voiture à deux chevaux_, _à quatre chevaux_. — paid; _port payé_. — not paid; _port dû_. — free; _franc de port_. — basket; _vide-poches_, _m._ — clock; _pendule de voyage_, _f._ — window; _glace_, _f._ — horse; _cheval d’attelage_, _m._ — entrance; _porte-cochère_, _f._ — rug; _couverture de voyage_, _f._ — way; _route carrossable_; (of streets) _chaussée_, _f._; _pavé_, _m._ =car´rier= (car’rîeur), _n._, porteur; voiturier, camionneur, roulier, _m._ — pigeon; _pigeon voyageur_, _pigeon messager_, _m._ =car´rion= (-r’i-o’n), _n._, charogne, _f._ =car´rion=, _adj._, de charogne. =car´ronade=, _n._, (large bore cannon) caronade, _f._ =car´rot= (car’rote), _n._, carotte, _f._ — soup; _soupe aux carottes_, _f._; _potage à la crécy_, _m._ =car´rotiness=, _n._, couleur rousse, _f._ =car´roty=, _adj._, couleur de carotte; roux. =car´ry=, _v.a._, porter; mener; entraîner; emporter; (of dogs) rapporter; (arith.) retenir. To — it high; _le prendre_ =sur= _un haut ton_. To — about; _porter à droite et à gauche_; _porter partout_; _mener à droite et à gauche_; _mener partout_. To — away; _emporter_; _enlever_; _emmener_; _entraîner par persuasion_; _ravir en extase_. To — back; _reporter_, _se reporter_ =à=. To — down; _descendre_. To — forward; (com.) _reporter_. To — forth; _sortir_. To — in; _rentrer_. To — off; _emporter_; _remporter_; _enlever_; _tuer_. To — on; _pousser_; _poursuivre_; _continuer_; _gérer_, _exercer_. To — out; _porter dehors_; _développer_; _exécuter_, _mettre à execution_, _effectuer_. To — over to; _faire passer_ =à=. To — through; _accomplir_, _mener à bonne fin_. To — it off; _s’en tirer_, _réussir_. To — up; _porter en haut_; _monter_. To — it over any one; _l’emporter sur quelqu’un_. — the day; _remporter la victoire_, _l’emporter_. — to and fro; _porter çà et là_. To — over; _transporter_, _faire passer_; (com.) _reporter_. To — through; _faire surmonter_, _faire triompher_. To — one’s self; _se comporter_, _se conduire_. To — coals to Newcastle; _porter de l’eau à la rivière_. =car´ry=, _v.n._, (artil.) porter. — wind; (man.) (of a horse) _porter_, _porter la tête_. =car´rying=, _n._, transport, port, _m._ — of arms; _port d’armes_, _m._ =cart= (cârte), _n._, charrette, _f._; camion; tombereau; chariot; (milit.) fourgon, _m._ To put the — before the horse; _mettre la charrue devant les bœufs_. =cart= (cârte), _v.a._, charrier, charroyer, voiturer. _v.n._, faire des charrois. To — away; _enlever_, _emporter_. =cart´age= (cârt’èdje), _n._, charriage, charroi, transport, _m._ =carte= (cârte), _n._, carte, _f._; menu, _m._ =carte-blanche´= (cârte-), _n._, carte blanche, _f._ =cartel´=, _n._, cartel, _m._ =cartel´-ship= (-shipe), _n._, cartel, bâtiment parlementaire, _m._ =cart´er=, _n._, charretier, roulier, voiturier, _m._ =Carte´sian= (-tî-), _adj._, cartésien. =Carte´sian=, _n._, cartésien, _m._ =Carte´sianism=, _n._, cartésianisme, _m._ =cart´grease=, _n._, oing, cambouis, _m._ =Carthagin´ian= (câr-tha-dji-), _adj._, carthaginois. =Carthagin´ian=, _n._, Carthaginois, _m._, Carthaginoise, _f._ =car´thamus= (câr-tha-), _n._, (bot.) carthame, _m._ =cart´-horse=, _n._, cheval de trait, _m._ =Carthu´sian= (-thiou’ja’n), _n._, chartreux. =car´tilage= (câr-ti-lèdje), _n._, cartilage, _m._ =cartilag´inous= (câr-ti-ladj’i-), _adj._, cartilagineux. =cart´-load= (-lôde), _n._, charretée, voie, _f._ =cartoon´= (-toune), _n._, carton, _m._ =cartouch´=, _n._, (artil.) boite à mitraille, _f._; (arch.) cartouche, _m._; (milit.) giberne, _f._ =car´tridge= (câr-), _n._, cartouche; (of cannon) gargousse, _f._ Blank —; _cartouche à blanc_, _f._ — case; _étui de cartouche_, _m._ — pouch; _cartouchière_, _f._ =car´tridge-box=, _n._, giberne, (sport) cartouchière, _f._ =car´tridge-factory=, _n._, cartoucherie, _f._ =cart´rut= (-reute), _n._, ornière, _f._ =cart´-shed= (-shède), _n._, hangar, _m._ =cart´way=, _n._, chemin de charroi, _m._; route charretière, _f._ =cart´wheel=, _n._, roue de charette, _f._ =cart´wright= (-raïte), _n._ _V._ =wheelwright=. =car´uncle= (-’ugn’k’l), _n._, caroncule, _f._ =carve= (cârve), _v.a_, and _n._, sculpter; tailler; graver; couper; ciseler; (meat) découper; dépecer. =carv´er=, _n._, découpeur, _m._; écuyer tranchant; (sculpt.) sculpteur; graveur, ciseleur, _m._ =carv´ing=, _n._, découpage, _m._; (sculpt.) sculpture, gravure, ciselure, _f._ — knife, fork; _couteau_, _m._; _fourchette à découper_, _f._ =caryat´ides=, _n.pl._, cariatide, caryatide, _f._ =cascade´= (-kéde), _n._, cascade, _f._ =case= (kéce), _n._, étui, fourreau, _m._; gaîne; trousse, _f._; (for jewels) écrin; (of an organ) buffet, _m._; (wrapper) enveloppe; (for packing) caisse; (print.) casse; (of a watch) boîte; (showcase) vitrine, montre; (of a pillow) taie, _f._; cas, état, question; (gram., math., med.) cas, _m._; (jur.) cause, _f._ —-ful; (print.) _cassetée_, _f._ In that —; _dans ce cas_, _en ce cas_, _cela étant_. In —; _au cas que_; _en cas que_; _dans le cas où_. That alters the —; _c’est une autre paire de manches_; _c’est une autre affaire_. Should the — occur; _le cas échéant_. As the — may be; _selon les circonstances_. Such being the —; _cela étant_. If that is the —; _s’il en est ainsi_. In any —; _en tout cas_. In such a —; _en pareil cas_. It is a very hard —; _cela est rude_; _c’est dur_. =case=, _v.a._, mettre dans un étui; enfermer; envelopper, encaisser; (of mines) cuveler; (to iron) ferrer. =cased=, _part._ _adj._, mis dans un étui, encaissé; (nav.) cuirassé. Double —; (of watches) _à double boîte_. =case´maker=, _n._, gainier, _m._ =case´mate= (késs’méte), _n._, casemate, _f._ _v.a._, casemater. =case´ment= (késs-), _n._, fenêtre; croisée, _f._ — window; _fenêtre croisée_, _f._ =case´mented=, _adj._, à vasistas. =ca´seous=, _adv._, caséeux. =cash= (cashe), _n._, argent, numéraire, _m._; espèces, _f.pl._ — down; _argent comptant_, _m._ To sell for —; _vendre au comptant_. To be in —; _être en fonds_. =cash=, _v.a._, (com.) convertir en espèces; changer; escompter; recevoir, toucher. To get cashed; _faire changer_. =cash´-account= (-ac-cou’n’te), _n._, compte de caisse, _m._ — balance; _encaisse_, _f._ =cash´-book= (-bouke), _n._, livre de caisse, _m._ =cash´-box=, _n._, cassette; (com.) caisse, _f._ =cashew´-nut= (ca-shou-neute), _n._, noix d’acajou, _f._ =cashew´-tree= (-trî), _n._, (bot.) anacardier, _m._ =cashier´= (-shîre), _n._, caissier, _m._ =cashier´=, _v.a._, destituer, (milit.) casser, dégrader. =cash´-keeper= (-kîp’-), _n._, caissier, _m._ =cash´mere= (-mîre), _n._, cachemire, _m._ =cash´ note=, _n._, mandat à payer, bon de caisse, _m._ =cashoo´= (-shou), _n._, cachou, _m._ =ca´sing= (-késs’-), _n._, (carp.) revêtement; chambranle; entourage, _m._; enveloppe, couverture, _f._ =cask= (câske), _n._, baril, _m._; barrique, _f._; tonneau, _m._ — stand; _chantier_, _m._ =cask=, _v.a._, (ant.) mettre en baril, en tonneau, en barrique. =cask´et= (câskète), _n._, cassette, _f._; écrin, _m._ =casque= _ou_ =cask= (câske), _n._, casque, _m._ =cassa´tion= (-sé’-), _n._, cassation, _f._ =cas´sava= (-sé- _ou_ -sa-), _n._, cassave, _f._ =cas´sia= (cash’shi-a), _n._, casse, _f._ =cas´sock=, _n._, soutane, (ant.) casaque, _f._ =cas´socked=, _adj._, en soutane. =cast= (câste), _v.a._, (_preterit_ and _past part._, Cast) jeter; lancer; condamner; (metal.) couler; (of trees and animals) dépouiller; (reptiles) changer (skin); (thea.) distribuer les rôles; (print.) clicher; (mold) mouler. To — about; _jeter de tous côtés_. To — about for; _songer_ =à=; _chercher_. To — aside; _jeter à l’écart_. To — away; _jeter_; _renoncer_ =à=, _bannir_. To — down; _affliger_; _abattre_; _décourager_; (of the eyes) _baisser_. To — forth; _exhaler_; _rejeter_. To — headlong; _précipiter_. To — off; _rejeter_, _repousser_, _abandonner_. To — lots; _tirer au sort_. To — out; _chasser_. To — up; _additionner_, _faire l’addition_ =de=; (of food) _vomir_. To be —; (jur.) _être débouté_ (=de=). To — anchor; _jeter l’ancre_. To — by; _rejeter_. — cannon; _canon de fonte_, _m._ — off clothes; _vêtements de rebut_, _m.pl._; _défroque_, _f._ — glass; _verre coulé_, _m._ — iron; _fonte_, _f._ — net; _épervier_, _m._ =cast=, _v.n._, se jeter; (of wood) se déjeter; se couler; (nav.) abattre. To be — away; _être jeté à la côte_; _faire naufrage_. =cast=, _n._, (throw) jet; coup; moule, _m._; (metal.) fonte; (thea.) distribution des rôles, _f._; rôles, acteurs, _m.pl._; (fig.) nuance, trempe, expression, _f._; air, caractère, _m._; (sculpt.) statuette, _f._; buste, bronze, plâtre, modèle, _m._; (agri.) volée, _f._ To have a — in the eye; _loucher_. To take a — of; _mouler_. — clothes; _vêtements de rebut_; _défroque_, _f._ =cas´tanet=, _n._, castagnette, _f._ =cas´tellan=, _n._, châtelain, _m._ =cas´tellany=, _n._, châtellenie, _f._ =cast´er= (câst’eur), _n._, personne qui jette, _f._; calculateur; saupoudroir, _m._; roulette (of furniture), _f._ =cas´tigate= (-ghéte), _v.a._, châtier, punir. =castiga´tion= (-ghé-), _n._, châtiment, _m._, correction, punition, _f._ =cas´tigator= (-ghéteur), _n._, personne qui punit, qui châtie, _f._ =cas´tigatory=, _adj._, qui punit, qui châtie. =cast´ing= (câst’-), _n._, fonte, _f._; moulage; (print.) clichage; calcul, _m._; (nav.) abatée, _f._ =cast´ing-vote=, _n._, voix prépondérante, _f._ =cas´tle= (câs’s’l), _n._, château, _m._; (at chess) tour, _f._ —s in the air; _châteaux en Espagne_. =cas´tle=, _v.a._, (at chess) roquer. =cas´tled= (câs’s’lde), _adj._, chargé de châteaux, couronné de tours. =cas´tor=, _n._, (mam., astron.) castor; chapeau de castor, _m._ =cas´torine= (-raïne), _n._, castorine, _f._ =cas´tor-oil= (câs’tor-oïle), _n._, huile de ricin, _f._ =cas´tor-sugar=, _n._, sucre en poudre, _m._ =castrameta´tion= (-mi-té-), _n._, (antiq.) castramétation, _f._ =cas´trate= (-tréte), _v.a._, châtrer. =castra´tion= (-tré-), _n._, castration, _f._ =castra´to= (-trâ-tô), _n._, castrat, _m._ =cas´ual= (caj’iou-), _adj._, fortuit, accidentel, casuel, de passage. =cas´ually=, _adv._, fortuitement, accidentellement, par hasard, en passant. =cas´ualty= (caj’iou-), _n._, hasard, cas fortuit, accident, sinistre, _m._; (mil., nav.) perte, _f._ Return of casualties; _liste des morts, des blessés et des prisonniers_, _f._ =cas´uist= (ca-jiou-), _n._, casuiste, _m._ =casuist´ic= _ou_ =casuist´ical=, _adj._, de casuiste. =casuist´ically=, _adv._, en casuiste. =cas´uistry=, _n._, science du casuiste, _f._ =cat= (cate), _n._, chat, _m._, chatte, _f._; (milit., nav.) fouet; (nav.) capon (of a ship); (game) bâtonnet, _m._ Tom-—; _matou_, _m._ When the —’s away the mice will play; _le chat parti, les souris dansent_. To live a — and dog life; _s’accorder comme chien et chat_. To let the — out of the bag; _éventer la mèche_ ou _la mine_. When candles are away all —s are gray; _la nuit tous les chats sont gris_. A muffled — catches no mice; _chat botté n’attrape pas de souris_. Like a — on hot bricks; _comme chat sur braise_. =cat=, _v.a._, (nav.) caponner (of anchors). =catachre´sis= (-krî-cisse), _n._, (rhet.) catachrèse, _f._ =catachres´tical= (-krèss-), _adj._, de catachrèse. =catachres´tically=, _adv._, par catachrèse. =cat´aclysm=, _n._, cataclysme, _m._ =cat´acombs= (-coumes), _n.pl._, catacombes, _f.pl._ =catacous´tics=, _n.pl._, catacoustique, _f.sing._ =catadiop´tric= _ou_ =catadiop´trical=, _adj._, catadioptrique. =catafal´co=, _n._, catafalque, _m._ =cat´alepsy=, _n._, catalepsie, _f._ =catalep´tic=, _adj._, cataleptique. =cat´alogue=, _n._, catalogue, _m._ =catame´nia= (-mî-), _n._, flux menstruel, _m._, règles, _f.pl._ =cat´apult= (-peulte), _n._, catapulte, _f._ =cat´aract=, _n._, cataracte, _f._ =catarrh´= (ka-târ), _n._, catarrhe, _m._ =catarrh´al=, _adj._, catarrhal. =catas´trophe= (-fi), _n._, catastrophe, _f._; (thea.) dénoûment, _m._ =cat´call= (-kōl), _n._, (thea.) sifflet, _m._ =catch=, _n._, prise; (fig.) belle affaire, attrape, _f._, jeu de mot, attrape-nigaud, _m._; (of a door) crampon; anneau; (of a latch) mentonnet; (mus.) air à reprises; (print.) visorium, _m._; (of fish) pêche, _f._; (tech.; of locks) cliquet, loquet, crochet d’arrêt, _m._ She is a good —; _elle a de la fortune_. She’s no great — in the way of money; _ce n’est pas une fortune qu’il épouse_. =catch=, _v.a._, (_preterit_ and _past part._, Caught) attraper; prendre; saisir; (pop.) pincer; surprendre. — at; _s’empresser de saisir_. — cold; _s’enrhumer_. To — on; _avoir du succès_. — up; _saisir_; _relever_; _rattraper_, _atteindre_. To — any one crying; _surprendre quelqu’un à pleurer_. I shall — him up; _je le rattraperai_. If I — you at it; _si je vous y prends_. Her eye caught mine; _nos yeux se rencontrèrent_. To — the train; _arriver à temps pour le train_, _ne pas manquer le train_. =catch=, _v.n._, s’accrocher =à=, s’engager =dans=; s’attraper =à=; se prendre =à=. To — it; (scold) _en avoir_, _en recevoir_. =catch´er=, _n._, attrapeur, _m._, attrapeuse, _f._ =catch´fly= (-flaïe), _n._, (bot.) silène, _f._, attrape-mouche, gobe-mouches, _m._ =catch´ing=, _adj._, qui saisit; contagieux; séduisant. To be —; _être contagieux_, _se communiquer_, _se gagner_. =catch´penny= (-pèn’ni), _n._, attrape-nigauds. _adj._, d’attrape, de réclame, de boutique. =catch´word= (-weurde), _n._, (print.) réclame, _f._ =cat´echism= (cat’i-kiz’m), _n._, catéchisme, _m._ =cat´echist= (-kiste), _n._, catéchiste, _m._ =catechis´tical= (-kis’-), _adj._, de catéchiste; de catéchisme. =cat´echize= (cat’i-kaïze), _v.a._, catéchiser; interroger. =cat´echizer= (-kaïz’-), _n._, catéchiste, _m._ =catechu´men= (-kiou-mène), _n._, catéchumène, _m.f._ =categor´ical= (cat’i-), _adj._, catégorique. =categor´ically=, _adv._, catégoriquement. =cat´egory= (cat’i-), _n._, catégorie, _f._ =cat´enarian= (cat’i-né-), _adj._, en chaîne, comme une chaîne. =cat´enate= (cat’i-néte), _v.a._, (l.u.) enchaîner, lier. =catena´tion= (-né-), _n._, enchaînement, _m._ =ca´ter= (for) (ké-), _v.n._, pourvoir =à=. =ca´ter=, _n._, (at cards) quatre, _m._ =ca´terer=, _n._, pourvoyeur, _m._, pourvoyeuse, _f._; approvisionneur, _m._, approvisionneuse, _f._ =cat´erpillar=, _n._, chenille, _f._ =cat´erwaul=, _v.n._, (of the cat) appeler; miauler; crier, faire du tintamarre. =cat´erwauling=, _n._, sabbat des chats, tintamarre, _m._ =cat´fall=, _n._, (nav.) garant de capon, _m._ =cat´fish= (-fishe), _n._, (ich.) loup de mer, loup _ou_ chat marin, _m._ =cat´gut= (-gheute), _n._, corde à boyau, _f._ — scraper; râcleur, _m._ =cathar´tic= (-thâr-), _adj._, cathartique. =cathar´tic=, _n._, cathartique, _m._ =cathar´ticalness=, _n._, qualité cathartique, _f._ =cat´head= (cat’hède), _n._, (nav.) bossoir, _m._ =cathe´dral= (-thi-), _n._, cathédrale, _f._ — town; _ville épiscopale_, _f._, _évêché_, _m._ =cath´eter= (cath-), _n._, cathéter, _m._ =cat´-hole= (-hôle), _n._, chatière, _f._ =cath´olic= (cath-), _adj._, catholique. =cath´olic=, _n._, catholique, _m.f._ =cathol´icism=, _n._, catholicisme, _m._ =catholic´ity=, _n._, catholicité, _f._ =cath´olicly=, _adv._, catholiquement; universellement. =cath´olicness=, _n._, universalité, _f._ =cathol´icon= (ca-tho-), _n._, électuaire purgatif, catholicon, _m._ =cat´kin= (cat’kine), _n._, (bot.) chaton, _m._ =cat´like=, _adj._, comme un chat, de chat. =cat´ling=, _n._, corde à violon, _f._ =cat´mint= (cat’mi’n’te), _n._, (bot.) cataire. =cat-o’-nine´-tails= (-naïne’t’élze), _n._, fouet à neuf lanières, martinet, _m._; garcette, _f._ =catop´tric= _ou_ =catop´trical=, _adj._, catoptrique. =catop´trics= (-trikse), _n.pl._, catoptrique, _f.sing._ =cat’s´-eye= (-aïe), _n._, (min.) œil-de-chat, _m._ =cat’s´-foot= (-foute), _n._, (bot.) pied-de-chat, lierre terrestre, _m._ =cat’s´ litter=, _n._, chattée, _f._ =cat’s´-paw= (-pō), _n._, patte de chat, _f._; (nav.) (of wind) vent léger, souffle de vent, _m._ To be any one’s —; _tirer les marrons du feu pour quelqu’un_, ou _être la dupe de quelqu’un_. =cat’s´-purr= (-peur), _n._, (med.) frémissement cataire, _m._ =cat’s´-skin=, _n._, peau de chat, _f._ =cat’s´-tail= (-téle), _n._, (bot.) massette, _f._ =cat´sup= (cat’seupe), _n._, sauce piquante, _f._ =cat´-thyme= (-taïme), _n._, marum, _m._ =cat´tle=, _n._, bétail, _m._; bestiaux, _m.pl._ Black —; _gros bétail_, _m._ — shed; _étable_, _f._ — market; _marché aux bestiaux_, _m._ — pen; _parc à bestiaux_, _m._ — plague; _peste bovine_, _f._ — train; _convoi de bestiaux_, _m._ — truck; _wagon-étable_, _m._ =cat´tle show= (-shō), _n._, exposition de bétail, _f._ =cat´-tribe= (cat’traïbe), _n.sing._, (zoöl.) félins, _m.pl._ =cau´dal=, _adj._, caudal. =cau´dex=, _n._, (_caudices_) caudex, _m._ =cau´dine=, _adj._, caudine. — forks; _fourches caudines_, _f.pl._ =cau´dle=, _n._, brouet, chaudeau, _m._ =caught= (cōte). _V._ =catch=. =caul=, _n._, réseau, filet, _m._; coiffe de réseau; coiffe d’enfant, _f._ =cau´liflower= (col’li-flaou’eur) _n._, chou-fleur, _m._ =cau´line= (cō-laïne), _adj._, (bot.) caulinaire. =caus´al=, _adj._, causal, causatif. =causal´ity=, _n._, causalité, _f._ =caus´ally=, _adv._, suivant l’ordre des causes. =caus´ative=, _adj._, causatif. =cause= (cō-ze), _n._, cause, raison, _f._, motif, sujet, _m._ There is — to believe; _il y a lieu de croire_. To show —; _exposer ses raisons_. =cause=, _v.a._, causer, être cause =de=; occasionner, faire naître. To — sorrow; _donner du chagrin_. To — to be punished; _faire punir_. To — a thing to be done; _faire faire_. =cause´less=, _adj._, sans cause, sans motif, sans sujet, non-motivé. =cause´lessly=, _adv._, sans cause. =cause´lessness=, _n._, absence de motifs, _f._ =cause´-list=, _n._, (jur.) rôle, _m._ =caus´er=, _n._, cause, _f._, auteur, _m._ =cause´way= (-wé), _n._, chaussée; digue, jetée, _f._ =caus´tic=, _adj._, caustique. =caus´tic=, _n._, caustique, _m._ Lunar —; _pierre infernale_, _f._ =cauteriza´tion= (-teur’aï-zé-), _n._, cautérisation, _f._ =cau´terize= (-teur’aïze), _v.a._, cautériser. =cau´terizing=, _n._, cautérisation, _f._ =cau´tery= (-teur’i), _n._, cautère, _m._ =cau´tion= (cō’sheune), _n._, avis, _m._; précaution, prévoyance, prudence, circonspection; garantie, _f._ =cau´tion=, _v.a._, précautionner; avertir =de=, aviser =de=; mettre en garde =contre=; prémunir =contre=. =cau´tionary=, _adj._, d’avertissement, de prévoyance, de précaution; pour avertir. =cau´tious= (cō’sheusse), _adj._, précautionné, circonspect, prudent; en garde =contre=. =cau´tiously=, _adv._, avec précaution, prudemment, avec circonspection. =cau´tiousness=, _n._, prévoyance, circonspection, prudence, _f._ =cavalcade´= (-kéde), _n._, cavalcade, _f._ =cavalier´= (-lîre), _n._, cavalier, _m._ =cavalier´=, _adj._, vaillant, courageux; cavalier. =cavalier´ly=, _adv._, cavalièrement. =cav´alry=, _n._, cavalerie, _f._ =cavati´na= (-tî-), _n._, cavatine, _f._ =cava´tion= (-vé-), _n._, (ant.) (arch.) excavation, _f._ =cave= (kéve), _n._, caverne, _f._; antre, souterrain, _m._ =cave=, _v.a._, caver, creuser. =cave=, _v.n._, habiter une caverne. To — in; (fig.) _céder_, _se soumettre_, _mettre les pouces_; (of buildings) _s’affaisser_, _s’effondrer_. =ca´vern= (cav’eurne), _n._, caverne. =cav´ernous=, _adj._, caverneux. =cav´esson= (cav’ès’seune), _n._, (man.) caveçon, _m._ =caviare´= (-âre), _n._, caviar, _m._ =cav´il=, _n._, pointillerie; chicane, _f._ =cav´il=, _v.n._, pointiller; chicaner; ergoter =sur= (at). =cav´iller=, _n._, chicanier, chicaneur, ergoteur, _m._ =cav´ilingly=, _adv._, par esprit de chicane. =cav´ilous=, _adj._, chicanier. =cav´ilously=, _adv._, par pointillerie, en chicaneur. =cav´ing-in=, _n._, soumission, _f._ =cav´ity=, _n._, cavité, _f._ =caw= (cō), _v.n._, croasser. =caw´ing=, _n._, croassement, _m._ =cay´man=, _n._, (zoöl.) caïman, _m._ =cease= (cîce), _v.n._, cesser, discontinuer. =cease=, _v.a._, cesser, faire cesser. — firing! _cessez le feu!_ =cease´less=, _adj._, incessant, continuel. =cease´lessly=, _adv._, sans cesse, continuellement. =ceas´ing=, _n._, cessation, _f._ Without —; _sans discontinuer_. =ce´city= (cè-ci- _ou_ cî-ci-), _n._, cécité, _f._ =ce´dar= (cî-), _n._, cèdre, _m._ — bird; _jaseur d’Amérique_, _m._ — wood; _bois de cèdre_, _m._ =cede= (cîde), _v.a._ and _n._, céder. =cedil´la= (ci-), _n._, (gram.) cédille, _f._ =ce´drate= (cî-dréte), _n._, cédrat, _m._ =ce´drine= (cî-), _adj._, de cèdre. =ce´dry= (cî-), _adj._, de la couleur du cèdre. =ceil= (cîle), _v.a._, plafonner. =ceil´ing=, _n._, plafond; plafonnage, _m._ =cel´ebrate= (cèl’i-bréte), _v.a._, célébrer. =cel´ebrated= (-tède), _past part._, célébré; célèbre, renommé, fameux, _adj._ =celebra´tion= (-bré-), _n._, célébration; louange, _f._; éloge, _m._ =cel´ebrator= (-teur), _n._, panégyriste, _m._ =celeb´rity= (ci-lèb’-), _n._, célébrité, _f._ =celer´ity= (ci-lèr’-), _n._, célérité, vitesse, _f._ =cel´ery= (cèl’eur-), _n._, céleri, _m._ Bundle of —; _botte de céleri_, _f._ =celes´tial= (ci-lès-), _adj._, céleste. =celes´tial=, _n._, habitant du ciel, esprit céleste, _m._ The —s; _les Chinois_, _m.pl._ =celes´tially=, _adv._, d’une manière céleste. =ce´liac= (cî-), _adj._, (anat.) céliaque. =cel´ibacy= (cèl’-), _n._, célibat, _m._ =cell= (cèle), _n._, cellule, case, loge; (of bees) alvéole, _f._; compartiment; (mil.) cachot; (lock-up) violon, _m._ =cel´lar= (cèl’lar), _n._, cave, _f._; cellier, caveau, _m._ =cel´larage= (-èdje), _n._, caves, _f.pl._; (dues) cavage, droit de cave, _m._ =cellaret´= (-rète), _n._, cave à liqueurs, _f._ =celled= (cèl’de), _adj._, cellulé; à cellules. =cel´lular= (cèl’liou-), _adj._, cellulaire. =Celt= (kelte), _n._, Celte, _m.f._ =Celt´ic=, _adj._, celtique. =cem´ent= (cèm’-), _n._, ciment, mastic; cément, _m._ =cement´=, _v.a._, cimenter; cémenter; (of jewels) mastiquer; (fig.) consolider, fortifier. =cementa´tion= (-té-), _n._, cémentation, _f._ =cem´etery= (cèm’i-tèr’i), _n._, cimetière, _m._ =cen´atory= (cèn’a-teuri), _adj._, du, _ou_ de, souper; soupatoire. =cen´obite= (cèn’o-baïte), _n._, cénobite, _m._ =cenobit´ic= _ou_ =cenobit´ical=, _adj._, (ant.) cénobitique. =cen´otaph= (cèn’-), _m._, cénotaphe, _m._ =cense= (cèn’se), _n._, (ant.) impôt, _m._; taxe, _f._ =cense=, _v.a._, (ant.) encenser. =cen´ser= (cè’n’-), _n._, encensoir, _m._ =cen´sor= (cè’n’-seur), _n._, censeur, _m._ =censo´rial= _ou_ =censo´rian= (-sô-), _adj._, censorial, sévère. =censo´rious= (-sô-), _adj._, de censeur; critique, disposé à blâmer et à condamner, hargneux. =censo´riously=, _adv._, en censeur, en critique; sévèrement. =censo´riousness=, _n._, disposition à la censure, _f._; manie de critiquer, _f._ =cen´sorship= (-seur-), _n._, fonctions de censeur, _f.pl._; censure, _f._ =cen´surable= (cè’n’shiou-), _adj._, censurable, blâmable. =cen´surably=, _adv._, d’une manière censurable. =cen´sure= (cè’n’shioure), _n._, censure, critique, _f._, blâme, _m._ =cen´sure=, _v.a._, censurer, critiquer, blâmer. =cen´surer=, _n._, censeur; critique, _m._ =cen´sus= (cè’n’-), _n._, recensement, dénombrement, _m._ =cent= (cè’n’te), _n._, cent, _m._ Ten per —; _dix pour cent_. =cen´taur= (cè’n’-), _n._, centaure, _m._ =cen´taury= (cè’n’-), _n._, (bot.) centaurée, érythrée, _f._ =cen´tenary= (cè’n’ti-né-), _adj._, centenaire, _n._, centième anniversaire, centenaire, _m._ =centen´nial= (cè’n’tè’n’-), _adj._, séculaire, centennal. =centes´imal= (cè’n’tèss’-), _adj._, centésimal. =centes´imal=, _n._, centième, _m._ =cen´tigrade= (cè’n’ti-gréde), _adj._, centigrade. =cen´tigramme= (cè’n’ti-), _n._, centigramme, _m._ =cen´time= (ce’n’tîme), _n._, centime, _m._ =centim´eter= _ou_ =cen´timetre= (cè’n’tim’i-teur), _n._, centimètre, _m._ =centip´edal=, _adj._, centipède. =cen´tipede= (cè’n’ti-pide), =cen´tiped= (-pède), _n._, (ent.) scolopendre, _f._; mille-pieds, _m._ =cen´to= (cè’n’tô), _n._, centon, _m._ =cen´tral= (cè’n’-), _adj._, central. =central´ity=, _n._, état central, _m._; position centrale, _f._ =centraliza´tion= (-tral’aïzé-), _n._, centralisation, _f._ =cen´tralize= (-’aïze), _v.a._, centraliser. =cen´trally=, _adv._, d’une manière centrale. =cen´ter= _ou_ =cen´tre= (cè’n’teur), _n._, centre, milieu, _m._ — bit; _mèche anglaise_, _tarière_, _f._; (in Anjou) _vilebrequin_, _m._ — piece; _épergne_, _f._ — ottoman; _pouf_, _m._ — table; _table de milieu_, _f._; _guéridon_, _m._ =cen´ter=, _v.a._, placer au centre; concentrer. =cen´ter=, _v.n._, faire centre; se concentrer, être placé au centre; (to rest) reposer =sur=. =cen´tric= _ou_ =cen´trical= (cè’n’-), _adj._, central, placé au milieu. =cen´trically=, _adv._, dans une position centrale. =centri´city=, _n._, position centrale, _f._; état central, _m._ =centrif´ugal= (-trif’iou-), _adj._, centrifuge. =centrip´etal= (-trip’i-), _adj._, centripète. =centum´vir= (cè’n’-teu’m’veur), _n._, centumvir, _m._ =centum´virate= (-été), _m._, centumvirat, _m._ =cen´tuple= (-tiou-p’l), _adj._, centuple. =cen´tuple=, _v.a._, centupler. =centu´rion= (cè’n’tiou-ri-eune), _n._, centurion, _m._ =cen´tury= (cè’n’tiou-), _n._, siècle, _m._; centurie, _f._ =ceph´alalgy= (cèf’alal’dji), _n._, céphalalgie, _f._; mal de tête, _m._ =cephal´ic= (ci-), _adj._, céphalique. =ce´rate= (cî-réte), _n._, cérat, _m._ =cere= (cîre), _v.a._, cirer; enduire de cire. =ce´real= (cî’ri-), _adj._, céréale, _f._ =cerebel´lum= (cèr’i-bèl’leume), _n._, (anat.) cervelet, _m._ =cer´ebral= (cèr’i-), _adj._, cérébral. =cere´cloth= (cîr’clōth), _n._, toile d’embaumement, _f._ =cere´ment= (cîre-), _n._, suaire d’embaumement, _m._ =ceremo´nial= (cèr’i-mô-), _adj._, de cérémonie. =ceremo´nial=, _n._, cérémonie, étiquette, _f._; cérémonial, _m._ =ceremo´nially=, _adv._, suivant les cérémonies. =ceremo´nious=, _adj._, de cérémonie, cérémonieux. =ceremo´niously=, _adv._, avec cérémonie. =ceremo´niousness=, _n._, manières cérémonieuses, _f.pl._ =cer´emony= (cèr’i-mo-), _n._, cérémonie; façon, _f._; cérémonial, _m._ Without —; _sans façon_; _sans cérémonie_. To stand on, _ou_ upon, —; _faire des façons_, _des cérémonies_. =cer´tain= (ceur’ti’n), _adj._, certain. A — thing; (something) _une certaine chose_, (a positive thing) _une chose certaine_. For —; _pour certain_; _à coup sûr_. One thing is —, that; _ce qu’il y a de certain, c’est que_. =cer´tainly=, _adv._, certainement. =cer´tainty=, _n._, certitude; chose certaine, _f._ To a —; _à coup sûr_; _pour sûr et certain_. =certif´icate= (cèr-tif’i-kète), _n._, certificat; (of a bankrupt) concordat; (of birth, marriage, death), acte; (copy of) extrait, _m._ =cer´tifier=, _n._, certificateur, _m._ =cer´tify= (ceur-tï-faïe), _v.a._, certifier, déclarer, notifier, donner avis =à=. =cer´titude= (ceur-ti-tioude), _n._, certitude, _f._ =ceru´lean= (ci-rou-li-), _adj._, bleu, azuré. =ceru´leous=, _adj._, (ant.). _V._ =ceru´lean=. =ceru´men= (ci-rou-mè’ne), _n._, cérumen, _m._ =ceru´minous=, _adj._, cérumineux. =ce´ruse= (ci-rouce), _n._, céruse, _f._; blanc de céruse, _m._ =cer´vical= (ceur-), _adj._, (anat.) cervical. =cesa´rean= (ci-za-ri-), _adj._, (surg.) césarienne, _adj.f._ =ces´pitous= (cèss’pi-), _adj._, de gazon. =cessa´tion= (cès’sé-), _n._, cessation, suspension, _f._ =ces´sion= (cesh’eune), _n._, cession, _f._ =ces´sionary=, _adj._, cessionnaire. =cess´pool= (cèss’poule), =cess´pit=, _n._, puisard, _m._; fosse d’aisances, _f._ =ces´tus= (cès-), _n._, ceste, _m._ =ce´sure= (cî-jeur), _n._ _V._ =cæsura=. =ceta´cean= (ci-té-sheune), _n._, (zoöl.) cétacé, _m._ =ceta´ceous= (-sheusse), _adj._, cétacé. =chad= (shade), _n._, alose, _f._ =chafe= (tshéfe), _n._, irritation, _f._; courroux, _m._ =chafe=, _v.a._, chauffer; courroucer, irriter; (a cable) érailler. =chafe=, _v.n._, s’écorcher, frotter; (of cables) s’érailler, se raguer; s’irriter; s’enflammer. =cha´fer=, _n._, (ent.) hanneton, scarabée; (tech.) réchaud, _m._ =cha´fery=, _n._, chaufferie, _f._ =chaff= (tshafe), _n._, menue paille; paille hachée, (pop.) plaisanterie, raillerie, blague, _f._ — cutter; _hache-paille_, _m._ =chaff=, _v.a._, blaguer, berner, taquiner, gausser. You are only chaffing me; _vous ne faites que me blaguer_, ou _me berner_; ou _ce n’est qu’une blague ce que vous me dites là_. =chaf´fer=, _v.n._, barguigner, marchander. =chaf´ferer=, _n._, barguigneur, _m._ =chaf´finch= (tshaf’fi’n’she), _n._, (orni.) pinson, _m._ =chaff´ing=, _adj._, (fam.) gausseur, gouailleur. =chaff´ing=, _n._, gausserie, gouaillerie, _f._ =chaff´y=, _adj._, de paille; plein de paille; (fig. pers.) frivole, léger. =cha´fing= (tshéf-), _n._, action d’échauffer, _f._; échauffement, _m._; irritation, _f._ =cha´fing-dish= (-dishe), _n._, réchaud, _m._ =cha´fing-pan= (-pane), _n._, chaufferette, _f._ =chagreen´= (sha-grîne), _n._, chagrin; _m._, peau de chagrin, _f._ =chagrin´= (sha-grîne), _n._, chagrin; dépit, _m._ =chagrin´=, _v.a._, chagriner, vexer. =chain= (tshéne), _n._, chaîne, _f._ Gunter’s —; (surveying) _chaîne d’arpenteur_, _f._ — armor; _cotte de mailles_, _f._ Albert —; _chaîne de gilet_, _f._ — cable; _câble-chaîne_, _m._ — bridge; _pont suspendu_, _m._ — gang; _cadène_, _f._ — pier; _jetée suspendue_, _f._ =chain=, _v.a._, enchaîner, attacher avec une chaîne _ou_ avec des chaînes, fermer par une chaîne. =chain´shot= (-shote), _n._, boulets ramés, _m.pl._, ange, _m._ =chair= (tshère), _n._, chaise, _f._; siège, _m._; (of a professor) chaire, _f._; (of the chairman or president of an assembly) fauteuil, _m._; (rail) coussinet, _m._ Arm-—; _fauteuil_. Bath —; _vinaigrette_, _f._ Sedan-—; _chaise à porteurs_, _f._ Easy —; _bergère_, _f._ Rocking-—; _chaise berceuse_, _f._ Deck —; _chaise longue_, _f._; _pliant_, _m._ To be in the —; _occuper le fauteuil_. —! —! _à l’ordre! à l’ordre!_ To fill the —; _présider_. To leave the —; _lever la séance_. With ... in the —; _sous la présidence de ..._ =chair´-bottomer=, _n._, rempailleur, _m._, rempailleuse, _f._ =chair´-cover=, _n._, housse, _f._; garniture de fauteuil, _f._ =chair´-maker= (-mék’-), _n._, fabricant de chaises, _m._ =chair´man= (-ma’n), _n._, porteur de chaise; traîneur de vinaigrette, (of an assembly) président, _m._ =chaise= (shéze), _n._, chaise, _f._ =chalcog´rapher= (kal-), _n._, chalcographe, _m._ =chalcog´raphy=, _n._, chalcographie, _f._ =chal´dron= (tshōl-), _n._, mesure de trente-six boisseaux, _f._; (for coal) poids de 2,500 livres, _m._ =chal´ice= (tshal’-), _n._, calice, _m._, coupe, _f._ =chal´iced= (tshal’iste), _adj._, à calice. =chalk= (tshōke), _n._, craie, _f._; (for drawing) pastel, crayon, _m._ — drawing; _pastel_, _m._ =chalk=, _v.a._, blanchir avec de la craie; marquer avec de la craie; tracer; (agri.) marner. =chalk´iness=, _n._, nature crayeuse, _f._ =chalk´-pit= (-pite), _n._, carrière de craie, _f._ =chalk´-stone= (-stône), _n._, pierre à chaux, _f._; petit morceau de craie; (med.) calcul arthritique, _m._ =chalk´y=, _adj._, de craie, crayeux. =chal´lenge= (tshal’lè’n’dje), _n._, cartel; défi, _m._; provocation; prétention, demande; (jur.) récusation, _f._; (milit.) qui-vive, _m._ To send a — to; _envoyer ses témoins_ =à=. =chal´lenge=, _v.a._, défier; provoquer en duel; réclamer; (jur.) récuser; sommer; (milit.) reconnaître; crier qui vive =à=. =chal´lenger=, _n._, auteur d’un cartel; provocateur, agresseur, _m._; personne qui jette un défi; (jur.) personne qui récuse un juré, un jury, _f._ =chalyb´eate= (ka-lib’i-éte), _adj._, ferrugineux. =chalyb´eate=, _n._, eau ferrugineuse, _f._ =chamade´= (sha-méde), _n._, (milit.) chamade, _f._ =cham´ber= (tshé’m’-), _n._, chambre; (of the nose) fosse, _f._; (of a mine) fourneau, _m._; (artil.) chambre, âme, _f._; (of pistols) barillet, _m.pl._, bureaux, _m.pl._, étude, _f._ —ful; _chambrée_, _chambre pleine_, _f._ In _ou_ at —s; (of judges) _en référé_. — counsel; _avocat consultant_, _m._ =cham´ber=, _v.a._, enfermer dans une chambre. =cham´ber=, _v.n._, libertiner; résider. =cham´bered=, _part._ _adj._, chambré, à coups. Six-— revolver; _revolver à six coups_, _m._ =cham´berer=, _n._, (l.u.) homme à intrigues, libertin, _m._ =cham´berlain= (tshé’m’beur-line), _n._, chambellan; trésorier; (of the pope) camérier, _m._ =cham´berlainship=, _n._, charge de chambellan, _f._ =cham´ber-maid= (-méde), _n._, femme de chambre; fille de chambre, fille de service, _f._ =cham´ber-pot= (-pote), _n._, pot de chambre, _m._ =cham´ber-practice=, _n._, consultations, clientèle (d’avocat consultant). =chame´leon= (ka-mî-li-), _n._, (zoöl.) caméléon, _m._ =chame´leonize= (-’aïze), _v.a._, changer de couleurs comme le caméléon. =cham´fer= _ou_ =cham´fret= (tsha’m-, -frète), _n._, (arch.) chanfrein, _m._ =cham´fer=, _v.a._, (arch.) tailler en chanfrein, chanfreiner. =cha´mois= (sham’mé _ou_ sha-moi), _n._, chamois, _m._ =cha´mois leather= (-lètheur), _n._, chamois, _m._, peau de chamois, _f._ =cham´omile= (ca-mô-maïle), _n._, (bot.) camomille, _f._ =champ= (tsha’m’pe), _v.a._, ronger, mâcher. To — the bit; _ronger le frein_. =champ=, _v.n._, ronger son frein. =champagne´= (sha’m’péne), _n._, vin de Champagne, _m._ — brandy; _fine champagne_, _m._, _eau-de-vie de champagne_, _f._ =champaign´= (sha’m’péne), _n._, campagne, _f._ — country; _pays ouvert_, _m._, _rase campagne_, _f._ =champaign´=, _adj._, de campagne. =champi´gnon= (-pi’n’ieune), _n._, champignon, _m._ =cham´pion= (tsha’m’pi’eune), _n._, champion, _m._ =cham´pion=, _v.a._, défier au combat, provoquer; (fig.) soutenir, défendre. To — any one’s cause; _prendre fait et cause_ =pour=; _prendre la défense_ =de=; _prendre les armes_ =pour=. =cham´pionship=, _n._, championnat, _m._ =chance= (tshâ’n’ce), _n._, chance, fortune, _f._; hasard, sort; (jur.) cas fortuit, _m._ To take one’s —; _courir la chance_. — contest; _lutte amenée par le hasard_, _f._ The main —; _le solide_, _m._ =chance=, _v.n._, arriver par hasard, venir =à=. To — to meet; _rencontrer par hasard_. To — it; _risquer le paquet_. =chance=, _adj._, du hasard, par hasard, de hasard. =chance´able= (-’sab’l), _adj._, accidentel. =chan´cel= (tshâ’n’cèle), _n._, sanctuaire, _m._ =chan´cellor= (tshâ’n’cèl’leur), _n._, chancelier, _m._ Lord-—; _grand chancelier_, _m._ — of the exchequer; _Ministre des Finances_, _m._ =chan´cellorship=, _n._, charge de chancelier, _f._ =chan´cery= (tshâ’n’ceur-), _n._, cour de la chancellerie, _f._ Master in —; _maître des requêtes à la cour_, _m._ =chan´cre= (sha’gn’k’eur), _n._, chancre, _m._ =chan´crous= (sha’gn’k’reusse), _adj._, chancreux. =chandelier´= (sha’n’di-lîre), _n._, lustre, _m._ =chan´dler= (tsha’n’dleur), _n._, marchand, _ou_ fabricant, de chandelles; petit épicier, _m._ =chan´dlery=, _n._, petite épicerie, _f._; regrat, _m._ =change= (tshé’n’dje), _n._, changement, _m._; (of moon) phase, _f._; (abbreviation of _exchange_) bourse; (money) monnaie, _f._, appoint, _m._ To give — for; _faire la monnaie_ =de=. I have no —; _je n’ai pas de monnaie_. For a —; _pour changer_. A — of linen; _du linge blanc_; _du linge de rechange_, _m._ On —; _à la Bourse_. To be a gainer _ou_ loser by the —; _gagner_ ou _perdre au change_. To ring the —s; (fig.) _revenir_ =sur=, _rabâcher_. To — carriages; (rail.) _changer de voiture_. All — here! _tout le monde descend!_ ou _tout le monde change de voiture_. — of life; _retour d’âge_, _m._ =change=, _v.a._, changer; (a sentence) commuer. =change=, _v.n._, changer =de=; (of the moon) se renouveler. =change´able= (-’djab’l), _adj._, changeant, variable, inconstant. =change´ableness=, _n._, caractère variable, _m._; inconstance; mobilité, _f._ =change´ably=, _adv._, inconstamment, variablement; d’une manière variable. =change´ful= (-foule), _adj._, inconstant, changeant. =change´less=, _adj._, immuable; constant; invariable. =change´ling=, _n._, esprit changeant; enfant substitué, _m._ =chan´ger=, _n._, changeur, _m._ =chan´nel= (tsha’n’nèle), _n._, canal, _m._; rigole (of streets), _f._; lit (of rivers), _m._; passe (of harbors); (fig.) voie, _f._; moyen, _m._; entremise, _f._ The British —; _la Manche_, _f._ The — Islands; _les Iles de la Manche_, _les Iles Anglo-Normandes_, _f.pl._ St. George’s —; _le canal St. Georges_, _m._ =chan´nel=, _v.a._, creuser; sillonner; (arch.) canneler. =chant= (tshâ’n’te), _n._, chant; plain-chant, _m._ =chant=, _v.a._, chanter. =chant=, _v.n._, chanter; chanter le plain-chant. =chant´er=, _n._, chanteur; chantre, _m._ =chant´icleer= (-ti-clîre), _n._, réveille-matin (le coq); chantre du jour, ☉chanteclair, _m._ =chant´ing=, _n._, chant; plain-chant, _m._ =chant´ress= (-trèce), _n._, chanteuse, _f._ =cha´os= (ké-oss), _n._, chaos, _m._ =chaot´ic= (ké-), _adj._, chaotique, de chaos. =chap= (tshape _ou_ tshope), _n._, homme, garçon, gaillard, compère, gars, (pop.) gosse, _m._; (on the hands, etc.) gerçure, crevasse, _f._ Bad —; _mauvais garnement_, _m._ =chap=, _v.a._, gercer. _v.n._, gercer, se gercer. =chape= (tshépe), _n._, chape, bouterolle, _f._ =chap´el= (tshap’l), _n._, chapelle, _f._; (print.) atelier, _m._ — of ease; (_église_) _succursale_, _f._ =chape´less= (tshép’lèsse), _adj._, sans bouterolle. =chap´eron= (chap’èr’ōne), _n._, chaperon, _m._ =chap´eron=, _v.a._, chaperonner. =chap´fallen= (tshop’fōl’n), _adj._, à mâchoire tombante; l’oreille basse; penaud, abattu. =chap´lain= (tshap’line), _n._, chapelain; aumônier, _m._ =chap´laincy= _ou_ =chap´lainship=, _n._, chapellenie, _f._; fonctions d’aumônier, _f.pl._ =chap´let= (tshap’lète), _n._, chapelet, _m._; guirlande; (of a peacock) aigrette, _f._ =chap´py= (tshap’- _ou_ tshop’-), _adj._, plein de gerçures. =chaps= (tshopse), _n._, gueule, _f._; mâchoires, _f.pl._; (of a vice) mâchoires d’étau, _f.pl._ =chap´ter= (tshap’-), _n._, chapitre, _m._; lettre capitulaire, _f._ =chap´ter=, _v.a._, chapitrer. =chap´ter-house= (-haouce), _n._, chapitre, _m._ =char= (tshâr), _v.a._, réduire en charbon, carboniser; purifier (by heat). =char= _ou_ =chare= (tshar), _v.n._, aller en journée. =char= _ou_ =charing= (tshar), _n._, ouvrage à la journée, _m._ =char= (tshar), _n._, (ich.) ombre, _m._ =char´acter= (kar’ak-teur), _n._, caractère; (state) rang; (thea.) rôle; personnage; genre, _m._; nature, couleur, renommée, réputation, moralité, _f._; certificat de moralité; (capacity) qualité; (pers.) personnage, type; (kind) genre, _m._; nature, _f._ He is quite a —; _c’est un vrai original_. Bad —; _mauvais sujet_ ou _homme perdu de réputation_, _m._ A man of bad —; _un homme de mauvaise réputation_, _m._ I do not like books of that —; _je n’aime pas les livres de ce genre_. What —s does he play? _quels rôles joue-t-il?_ To go for a —; (of servants) _aller aux renseignements_. In —; _dans son rôle_; _à sa place_. In the — of; _déguisé_ =en=, _dans son rôle_ =de=. Out of —; _déplacé_, _sorti de son rôle_. =characteris´tic= _ou_ =characteris´tical=, _adj._, caractéristique. =characteris´tic=, _n._, trait caractéristique, _m._; (gram., math.) caractéristique, _f._ =characteris´tically=, _adv._, d’une manière caractéristique. =char´acterize= (-’aïze), _v.a._, caractériser. =characteriza´tion=, _n._, action de caractériser, _f._ =char´acterless=, _adj._, sans caractère. =charade´= (sha-réde), _n._, charade, _f._ =char´coal= (tshâr’côle), _n._, charbon de bois; (chem.) carbone, _m._ Animal —; _noir animal_, _m._ — burner; _charbonnier_, _m._ — dust; _fraisil_, _poussier_, _m._ — pit; _charbonnière_, _f._ =chard= (tshârde), _n._, carde, _f._ =charge= (tshârdje), _n._, charge, _f._; fardeau, soin; (of a judge) résumé; (jur.) chef d’accusation, _m._, accusation; (milit., vet.) charge, _f._; (of a bishop) mandement, _m._; (protection) garde, direction, _f._; dépôt, objet confié aux soins =de=; (price) prix, _m.pl._, frais, dépens, _m.pl._ To give any one in —; _faire arrêter quelqu’un_. To take — of; _se charger_ =de=. To bring a — against; _porter une accusation_ =contre=; _accuser_. — sheet; _livre de police_, _écrou_, _m._ =charge=, _v.a._, charger =de=; accuser =de=; faire payer; prendre, demander; (fig.) adjurer; ordonner =à=; enjoindre =de=; sommer =de=; (of taxes) grever. =charge=, _v.n._, (milit.) charger. =charge´able=, _adj._, à charge =à=; accusable =de=; imputable =à=; imposable, taxable. =char´ger=, _n._, grand plat, plateau; cheval de bataille, _m._ =cha´rily= (tshé’rili), _adv._, avec précaution, avec circonspection; frugalement; chichement. =cha´riness= (tshé-), _n._, précaution, prudence, circonspection, sobriété, _f._ =char´iot= (tshar’i-ote), _n._, coupé, (antiq.) char, chariot, _m._ — race; _course de chars_, _f._ =charioteer´= (-’îre), _n._, conducteur de chariot; (astron.) cocher, charretier, _m._ =char´itable= (tshar’i-ta’b’l), _adj._, charitable. =char´itably=, _adv._, charitablement. =char´ity=, _n._, charité, bienveillance; (alms) aumône, bienfaisance; œuvre de bienfaisance, _f._ — begins at home; _charité bien ordonnée commence par soi-même_. — school; _école gratuite_, _f._ To ask for —; _demander l’aumône_. Out of —; _par charité_. =char´latan= (tshâr-), _n._, charlatan, _m._ =charlatan´ic= _ou_ =charlatan´ical=, _adj._, charlatanesque, de charlatan. =char´latanism= _ou_ =char´latanry=, _n._, charlatanerie, _f._; charlatanisme, _m._ =Charles’s Wain= (tshârlz’iz’wéne), _n._, (astron.) chariot, _m._, grande ourse, _f._ =charm= (tshârme), _n._, charme, _m._, (trinket) breloque, _f._ =charm=, _v.a._, charmer, enchanter. =charm´er=, _n._, enchanteur, _m._, enchanteresse, _f._; charmeur, _m._, charmeuse, _f._ =charm´ing=, _adj._, enchanteur; charmant; joli, délicieux, ravissant. =charm´ingly=, _adv._, d’une manière charmante; à ravir. =charm´less=, _adj._, sans charme, _m._ =char´nel= (tshâr’nèle), _adj._, de charnier. =char´nel-house= (-haouce), _n._, charnier, _m._ =chart= (tshârte), _n._, carte de géographie; carte marine, _f._ =char´ter= (tshar’-), _n._, ☉chartre; charte, _f._, acte, _m._ =char´ter=, _v.a._, instituer par une charte; établir par un acte; (com., nav.) fréter, affréter, noliser. =char´terer=, _n._, affréteur, _m._ =char´ter-party= (-pâr-), _n._, charte partie, _f._ =char´-woman= (tshar-woum’a’n), _n._, femme de journée, femme de ménage, _f._ =char´-work=, _n._, ouvrage à la journée, _m._ =cha´ry= (tshér’-), _adj._, prudent; économe; circonspect; soigneux; sobre. — of words; _sobre de paroles_. =chase= (tshéce), _n._, chasse; poursuite; (of cannon) volée, _f._; (print.) châssis, _m._ =chase=, _v.a._, chasser; poursuivre; donner la chasse =à=; (metal.) ciseler. — away; _faire prendre la fuite_ =à=. =cha´ser=, _n._, chasseur; (metal.) ciseleur; (nav.) vaisseau chasseur, _m._ =chasm= (kaz’m), _n._, brèche, _f._; vide, abîme, _m._ =chaste= (tshéste), _adj._, chaste, pudique; (of language) pur; (of taste) de bon goût, _m._ =chaste´ly=, _adv._, chastement, pudiquement. =chas´ten= (tshés’s’n), _v.a._, châtier; réprimer; purifier. =chas´tener= (tshés’s’-neur), _n._, celui qui châtie, _m._ =chaste´ness= (tshést’-), _n._, pureté de langage, _f._ =chas´tening=, _n._, châtiment, _m._, correction, _f._ =chastise´= (tshas’taïze), _v.a._, châtier. =chas´tisement=, _n._, châtiment, _m._ =chasti´ser=, _n._, personne qui châtie, _f._; châtieur, _m._ =chas´tity= (tshas’-), _n._, chasteté, pureté, _f._ =chas´uble= (tshaz’iou-b’l), _n._, chasuble, _f._ =chat= (tshate), _n._, causerie, (pop.) causette, _f._, entretien; (orni.) traquet, _m._ — wood; _menu bois_, _m._, _bourrée_, _f._ To have a —; _faire la causette_. To have a little —; _faire un bout de causette_. =chat=, _v.n._, causer; jaser, (pop.) faire la causette. =chat´ellany= (shâ’tèl’-), _n._, châtellenie, _f._ =chatoy´ant= (sha-toïa’nte), _adj._, chatoyant. =chatoy´ment= (sha-toï-), _n._, chatoiement, chatoîment, _m._ =chat´tel= (tshat’t’l), _n._, mobilier. _pl._, biens, effets, _m.pl._ =chat´ter= (tshat’-), _v.n._, jaser, babiller; (of the teeth) claquer. =chat´terbox= (-bokse), _n._, babillard, _m._, babillarde, _f._; moulin à paroles, _m._ =chat´terer=, _n._, jaseur, babillard, _m._ =chat´tering=, _n._, jaserie, _f._; babil, caquetage; (of the teeth) claquement, _m._ =chat´ty= (tshat’-), _adj._, causeur, causant; bavard. =chaw= (tshō), _v.a._, mâcher. _n._, chique, _f._ _V._ =chew=. =cheap= (tshîpe), _adj._, à bon marché; à bon compte; peu coûteux; économique. Dirt —; _pour rien_; _à vil prix_. To hold —; _faire bon marché_ =de=. To make one’s self —; _se prodiguer_; _se déprécier_. —-jack wares; _camelote_, _f._ =cheap´en=, _v.a._, marchander; diminuer la valeur =de=, faire baisser le prix =de=. =cheap´ener=, _n._, marchandeur, -euse, _m.f._ =cheap´er=, _adj._, à meilleur marché; à meilleur compte; moins; moins coûteux. — and —; _de moins en moins cher_. =cheap´ly=, _adv._, à bon marché, à vil prix, à bon compte; économiquement; (expense) à peu de frais. =cheap´ness=, _n._, bon marché, bas prix, _m._ =cheat= (tshîte), _n._, (thing) fourberie, tromperie, _f._; (pers.) fourbe, trompeur, _m._, trompeuse, _f._; (at cards) tricheur, _m._, tricheuse, _f._ =cheat=, _v.a._, tromper, attraper, duper; (at cards) tricher. =cheat´ing=, _n._, fourberie; tromperie, filouterie, (at cards) tricherie, _f._ =check= (tshèke), _v.a._, faire éprouver un échec =à=; contenir, arrêter, mater, maîtriser; réprimer; reprendre; vérifier; contrôler; pointer; (of stuffs) quadriller; (at chess) faire échec =à=. =check= (tshèke), _n._, échec, obstacle, _m._; réprimande; (thea.) contremarque, _f._; (com.) mandat, bon, chèque, _m._; étoffe quadrillée; toile de coton rayée, _f._; (at chess) échec, _m._ With —s; _à carreaux_. To hold, or keep, in —; _tenir en échec_. =check´-book= (-bouke), _n._, livre de mandats, de chèques, _m._; carnet de chèques, _m._ =check´er=, _v.a._, marqueter; diaprer; tacheter. — board; _échiquier_, _damier_, _m._ A —ed career; _une carrière pleine de vicissitudes_. =check´er-work= (-weurke), _n._, marqueterie, _f._ =check´mate= (-méte), _n._, échec et mat, _m._ =check´mate=, _v.a._, faire échec et mat =à=; mater, entraver. =check´-rail=, _n._, contre-rail. =check´-roll=, _n._, état de maison; (mil.) contre-appel, _m._ =check´string= (-strigne), _n._, cordon de communication, _m._ =check´-taker= (-té-), _n._, receveur de contremarques, _m._ =cheek= (tshîke), _n._, joue; (of a press) jumelle; (of scales) chasse; (of pigs) bajoue; (of a door) feuillure; (fig. and fam.) impudence, _f._; front, toupet, _m._ — by jowl; _côte a côte_; _tête à tête_; _dans une étroite intimité_. =cheek´-bone= (-bône), _n._, pommette, _f._ To have high —s; _avoir les pommettes saillantes_. With high —s; _aux pommettes saillantes_. =cheek´y=, _adj._, impudent; peu gêné. =cheer= (tshîre), _n._, (food) chère; acclamation, _f._; applaudissement, _m._; gaieté; consolation, _f._; vivat, _m._ To be of good —; _avoir bon courage_. =cheer=, _v.a._, égayer, réjouir; animer; applaudir, acclamer. =cheer=, _v.n._, se réjouir; applaudir; crier vivat. To — up; _se ranimer_; _s’égayer_; _prendre courage_. =cheer´er=, _n._, applaudisseur, acclamateur, _m._ =cheer´ful= (-foule), _adj._, joyeux, gai; (prospect) riant. =cheer´fully=, _adv._, gaiement, gaîment, joyeusement; de bon cœur. =cheer´fulness=, _n._, gaieté, gaîté, bonne humeur, _f._ =cheer´ily=, _adj._, gaiement, gaîment. =cheer´ing=, _n._, consolation, _f._; applaudissements, _m.pl._, acclamations, _f.pl._, vivats, hourras, _m.pl._ =cheer´ing=, _adj._, consolant, réjouissant, encourageant, égayant. =cheer´less=, _adj._, triste, sombre, morne. =cheer´y=, _adj._, gai, joyeux, réjoui. =cheese´= (tshîze), _n._, fromage, _m._ — cake; _talmouse_, _f._ — mold; _moule à fromage_, _m._ — stand; _porte-fromage_, _m._ — taster; _sonde à fromage_, _f._ — knife; _couteau à fromage_. =cheese´-curds=, _n.pl._, caillebotte, _f._ =cheese´monger= (-meu’gn’gh’eur), _n._, marchand de fromage. =cheese´-paring= (-pèr’-), _n._, pelure de fromage, _f._ — economy; (fig.) _économie de bouts de chandelle_, _f._ =cheese´-rennet= (-rè’n’nète), _n._, (bot.) gaillet, caille-lait, _m._ =cheese´-trade=, _m._, commerce des fromages, _m._ =cheese´-vat= (-vate), _n._, éclisse à fromage, _f._ =chees´y= (tshîzi), _adj._, fromageux, caséeux. =chem´ical= (kè’m’-), _adj._, chimique. =chem´ically=, _adv._, chimiquement. =chemise´= (shi-mîze), _n._, chemise, _f._ =chem´ist= (kè’m’-), _n._, chimiste; pharmacien, _m._ =chem´istry= (kè’m’- _ou_ ki’m’-) _n._, chimie, _f._ =cheque= (tshèke), _n._, (com.) bon, mandat, chèque, _m._; bulletin, _m._; contremarque, _f._ =chequ´er= (tshèk’-), _n._, mosaïque; trésorerie, _f._; trésor, _m._; _abréviation de_ exchequer. =cher´ish= (tshèr’-), _v.a._, chérir; (of hopes) nourrir, entretenir. =cher´ry= (tshèr’-), _n._, cerise, _f._ — pit; (game) _fossette_, _f._ — pie; _tourte aux cerises_, _f._ =cher´ry=, _adj._, de cerise, de cerisier. —-red; _rouge cerise_. =cher´ry-brandy=, _n._, ratafia de cerises, _m._ =cher´ry-cheeked= (-tshîk’te), _adj._, aux joues vermeilles. =cher´ry-garden=, =orchard=, _n._, cerisaie, _f._ =cher´ry-laurel= (-lō-), _n._, laurier-cerise, _m._ =cher´ry-stone= (-stône), _n._, noyau de cerise, _m._ =cher´ry-tree= (-trî), _n._, cerisier, _m._ =cher´ub= (tshèr’eube), _n._, (_cherubs_, _cherubim_) chérubin, _m._ =cheru´bic= (tshè-roub’-), _adj._, de chérubin, angélique. =cher´ubin=, _n._, (_cherubim_). _V._ =cherub=. =cher´vil= (tsheur-), _n._, cerfeuil, _m._ =chess= (tshèsse), _n._, échecs, _m.pl._ =chess´-board= (-bōrde), _n._, échiquier, _m._ =chess´man= (-ma’n), _n._, pièce, _f._, pion, _m._ A set of chessmen; _un jeu d’échecs_. =ches´som= (tshè’s’-), _n._, terre franche, terre végétale, terre meuble, _f._ =chess´-player= (-plé-eur), _n._, joueur d’échecs, _m._ =chest= (tshèste), _n._, caisse, _f._, coffre, _m._; (of the body) poitrine, _f._; (of a horse) poitrail; (milit.) caisson, _m._ — of drawers; _commode_, _f._ — protector; _plastron hygiénique_, _m._ =chest=, _v.a._, encoffrer, encaisser. =chest´ed=, _adj._, à poitrine; (of horses) à poitrail. Broad, deep —; _à large poitrine_; _au poitrail large_ (of horses). Narrow —; _à poitrine étroite_. =chest´-foundering= (-faou’n’d’-), _n._, (vet.) courbature, _f._ =chest´-foundered= (-faou’n’d’eurde), _adj._, (vet.) courbatu. =chest´nut= (-neute), _n._, châtaigne, _f._; marron, _m._ That’s a —; (fig.) _c’est connu!_ _vieille histoire!_ _f._, _vieux conte!_ _m._ =chest´nut=, _adj._, (of color) châtain; (of horses) alezan. =chest´nut-tree= (-trî), _n._, châtaignier, marronnier, _m._ — grove; _châtaigneraie_, _f._ =cheval´-glass= (shèv’al-glâce), _n._, psyché, _f._ =chevalier´= (-lîre), _n._, chevalier, cavalier, _m._ =chevaux´-de-frise´= (shèv’ô-de-frîze), _n.pl._, (fort.) chevaux de frise, _m.pl._ =chev´en=, _n._, chabot, _m._ =chev´eril=, _n._, chevreau (leather). — conscience; (fig.) _conscience élastique_, _f._ =chev´ron=, _n._, chevron. —-work; _chevronnage_, _m._ =chew= (tshiou), _v.a._, mâcher; ruminer. To — tobacco; _chiquer_. To — the cud; _ruminer_. =chew´er=, _n._, mâcheur, _m._ =chew´ing=, _n._, mastication, _f._ =chicane´= (tshi-kéne), _n._, chicane, _f._ =chicane´=, _v.n._, chicaner. =chica´ner=, _n._, chicaneur, _m._, chicaneuse, _f._ =chica´nery=, _n._, chicanerie, chicane, _f._ =chick= (tshike), _n._, poussin, poulet, _m._, poulette, _f._ — pea; _pois chiche_, _m._ — weed; _morgeline_, _f._ He’s no —; _ce n’est plus un enfant, tant s’en faut_. =chick´en= (tshick’ène), _n._, poulet, _m._ Don’t count your —s before they are hatched; (fig.) _il ne faut pas vendre la peau de l’ours avant de l’avoir mis par terre_, ou _tué_. She’s no —; (fam.) _elle est bien sur le retour_. =chick´en-bone=, _n._, os de poulet, _m._ =chick´en-broth=, _n._, bouillon de poulet, _m._ =chick´en-coop=, _n._, poussinière, _f._ =chick´en-heart´ed= (-hârtède), _adj._, au cœur de poule; timide, peureux, poltron. =chick´en-pox= (-pokse), _n._, petite vérole volante, _f._ =chick´ling=, _n._, poussin, _m._ =chic´ory= (tshik’-), _n._, chicorée, _f._ =chide= (tshaïde), _v.a._, gronder, blâmer, réprimander, censurer. =chide=, _v.n._, gronder; murmurer =contre=. =chi´der=, _n._, grondeur, _m._, grondeuse, _f._ =chi´ding=, _n._, gronderie, _f._ =chi´dingly=, _adv._, en grondant. =chief= (tshîfe), _n._, chef, _m._; partie principale, _f._; (com.) associé principal, _m._ =chief=, _adj._, principal, premier; suprême. In —; _en chef_. =chief´dom=, _n._, souveraineté, suprématie, _f._ =chief´less=, _adj._, sans chef. =chief´ly=, _adv._, surtout, principalement. =chief´tain= (-tène), _n._, chef de clan, _m._ =chiff´chaff=, _n._, (orni.) grand pouillot, _m._ =chiffonnier´= (shif-fo’n’îre), _n._, chiffonnier, _m._, chiffonnière, _f._ =chil´blain= (tshil’bléne), _n._, engelure, _f._ =child= (tshaïlde), _n._, (_children_) enfant, _m.f._ Good, _ou_ naughty —; _enfant sage_, _méchant_. To be a good, _ou_ naughty —; _être sage_, _être méchant_. From a —; _dès l’enfance_. A burnt — dreads the fire; _chat échaudé craint l’eau froide_. To be with —; _être enceinte_, _être grosse_. To get with —; _faire un enfant_ =à=; (l.ex.) _engrosser_. =child´-bearing= (-bèr’-), _n._, travail d’enfant, _m._ =child´bed= (-bède), _n._, couches, _f.pl._ In —; _en couches_. =child´birth= (-beurth), _n._, enfantement, _m._; couches, _f.pl._ =childe= (tshaïlde), _n._, chevalier, _m._ =child´hood= (-houde), _n._, enfance, _f._ =child´ish=, _adj._, enfant, puéril, enfantin. To get, _ou_ grow, —; _tomber en enfance_. =child´ishly=, _adv._, puérilement, comme un enfant. =child´ishness=, _n._, puérilité, _f._; enfantillage, _m._; seconde enfance, _f._ =child´less=, _adj._, sans enfant. =child´like= (-laïke), _adj._, comme un enfant, enfantin, puéril. =child´ murder=, =murderer=, _n._, infanticide, _m._ =child’s´ play=, _n._, jeu d’enfant, _m._, amusette, _f._, enfantillage, _m._ It is mere —; _ce n’est pas difficile à faire_, _c’est facile comme tout_. =chil´dren=, _n.pl._ _V._ =child=. =chil´i= (tshili), _n._, poivre de Guinée, de Cayenne, _m._ =chill= (tshile), _n._, froid, _m._; glace, _f._, refroidissement, frisson, _m._ To take the — off; _faire dégourdir_. Cold —s; _frissons_, _n.pl._ To catch a —; _attraper un refroidissement_. =chill=, _adj._, froid; glacé. =chill=, _v.a._, refroidir; glacer; décourager. =chill´iness= _ou_ =chill´ness=, _n._, froid, frisson; (med.) frissonnement, _m._ =chil´ly=, _adj._, (pers.) frileux; (of things) un peu froid. =Chil´tern Hund´reds= (tshilteurne hun’n’dredze), _n._, communes de Chiltern, _f._ To accept the — —; _donner sa démission de membre de la Chambre des Communes_. =chime= (tshaïme), _n._, carillon; accord de sons; son harmonieux, _m._; harmonie, _f._ =chime=, _v.a._, carillonner, mettre en mouvement. =chime=, _v.n._, s’accorder =avec=; faire chorus. =chi´mer=, _n._, carillonneur, _m._ =chime´ra= (kaï-mî-), _n._, chimère, _f._ =chimer´ical= (-mèr’i-), _adj._, chimérique. =chimer´ically=, _adv._, chimériquement. =chim´ney= (tshim’ni), _n._, cheminée, _f._; (of a lamp) verre, _m._ =chim´ney-board=, _n._, devant de cheminée, _m._ =chim´ney-corner= (-cor-neur), _n._, coin du feu, _m._ =Chim´ney-cowl=, _n._, tabourin, _m._ =chim´ney-draught= (-drâfte), _n._, tirage de cheminée, _m._ =chim´ney-flue= (-fliou), _n._, tuyau de cheminée, _f._ =chim´ney-glass=, _n._, glace de cheminée, _f._ =chim´ney-piece= (-pîce), _n._, cheminée, _f._; chambranle de cheminée, _m._ =chim´ney-pot= (-pote), _n._, mitre de cheminée, _f._ =chim´ney-stack=, _n._, corps de cheminée, _m._ =chim´ney-sweep= _ou_ =chim´ney-sweeper= (-swîpe, -’eur), _m._, ramoneur, _m._ =chim´ney-sweeping=, _n._, ramonage, _m._ =chim´ney-sweeping machine=, _n._, hérisson, ramon, _m._ =chin= (tshi’n), _n._, menton, _m._ —-strap; _mentonnière_; (mil.) _jugulaire_, _f._ =chi´na= (tshaï-), _n._, porcelaine, _f._ —ware, stone; _porcelaine_, _f._ —-aster; _reine marguerite_, _f._ —man; _Chinois_; _marchand de porcelaine_, _m._; _vaisseau faisant le commerce avec la Chine_. —-shop; _magasin de porcelaine_, _m._ — clay; _argile à porcelaine_, _f._ — ink; _encre de Chine_, _f._ — painter; _peintre sur porcelaine_, _m._ — painting; _peinture sur porcelaine_, _f._ =chin´cough= (-kōf), _n._, coqueluche, _f._ =chine= (tshaïne), _n._, (anat.) échine; (of pork) échinée, _f._ =Chinese´= (tshaï-nize), _adj._, chinois. —-bells; _chapeau chinois_, _m._ — figure; _chinoiserie_, _f._ =Chinese´=, _n._, Chinois, (language) chinois, _m._ =chink= (tshign’ke), _n._, crevasse, fente, lézarde, _f._; (pop.) argent, _m._, pécune, _f._; son, tintement, _m._ =chink=, _v.a._, crevasser, faire crevasser; faire sonner. =chink=, _v.n._, se fendiller, se crevasser; s’ouvrir; (of metals) sonner. =chinned=, _adj._, à menton. =chink´y=, _adj._, fendu, crevassé. =chintz= (tshi’n’tse), _n._, indienne; perse, _f._ =chip= (tshipe), _n._, copeau, fragment, éclat, _m._ — ax; _doloire_, _f._ — hat, _ou_ bonnet; _chapeau latanier_, _m._ To be a — of the old block; _chasser de race_ ou _être bien le fils de son père_. It is like — in porridge; _c’est comme un coup d’épée dans l’eau_. =chip=, _v.a._, couper, tailler, écorner; chapeler (bread). =chip=, _v.n._, s’écorner, s’ébrécher, éclater; s’éclater, (of china, etc.) s’écailler. To — from the shell; _sortir de la coquille en la faisant éclater_. To — off; _s’écailler_. =chip´ping=, _n._, fragment, éclat, _m._; (of bread) chapelure, _f._ =chira´gra= (kaï-ré-), _n._, (med.) chiragre, _f._ =chirol´ogy= (ki-rol-o-dji), _n._, chirologie, _f._ =chi´romancy= (ki-), _n._, chiromancie, _f._ =chi´roplast= (ki-), _n._, (piano) guide-main, _m._ =chirop´odist=, _n._, pédicure, _m._ =chirp= (tsheurpe), _n._, gazouillement, ramage; chant; (of insects) cri, _m._ =chirp=, _v.n._, gazouiller; (of larks) grisoller; (of insects) crier. =chirp´er=, _n._, oiseau qui gazouille, _m._ =chirp´ing=, _n._, gazouillement, ramage; (of insects) cri, _m._ =chis´el= (tshiz’èl), _n._, ciseau, _m._ Cold —; _ciseau à froid_. =chis´el=, _v.a._, ciseler; (pop.) filouter, carotter, enfoncer. =chis´eling=, _n._, ciselure; (fig.) filouterie, _f._ =chit= (tshite), _n._, germe; (fig.) marmot, bambin, mioche, _m._ — of a girl; _gamine_, _f._ =chit=, _v.n._, germer. =chit´chat= (tshit’shate), _n._, babil, caquet, _m._, causerie, _f._ =chit´terlings= (tshit’teur-lign’ze), _n.pl._, tripes, andouilles, _f.pl._ =chiv´alrous= (shiv’-), _adj._, chevaleresque. =chiv´alry=, _n._, chevalerie, _f._ =chives=, _n.pl._, ciboulette, _f._ =chlam´ys=, _n._, chlamyde, _f._ =chlo´rate= (klô-réte), _n._, (chem.) chlorate, _m._ =chlo´ride= (-ride), _n._, (chem.) chlorure, _m._ =chlo´rine= (-rine), _n._, (chem.) chlore, _m._ =chloro´sis= (klo-rô-cice), _n._, (med.) chlorose, _f._; pâles couleurs, _f.pl._ =choak= (tshôke), _v.a._ _V._ =choke=. =choc´olate= (tshok’o-léte), _n._, chocolat, _m._ —-pot; _chocolatière_, _f._ —-cracker; _diablotin_, _m._ — cake; _tablette de chocolat_, _f._ — drop; _pastille de chocolat_, _f._ — stick; _bâton de chocolat_, _m._ — color; _couleur chocolat_. — maker; _chocolatier_, _m._ =choice= (tshoïce), _n._, choix, _m._; élite, _f._; assortiment, _m._ To have Hobson’s —; _n’avoir pas de choix_, _avoir la main forcée_. =choice=, _adj._, rare, choisi; de choix; d’élite; recherché; (of wines) fin. =choice´less=, _adj._, qui n’a pas de choix. =choice´ly=, _adv._, avec choix; avec grand soin. =choice´ness=, _n._, valeur; qualité recherchée, excellence, supériorité, _f._ =choir= (kwaïeur), _n._, chœur, _m._ — master; _maître de chant_ ou _de chapelle_, _m._ =choke= (tshôke), _n._, foin d’artichaut, _m._ — full; _tout plein_; _plein comme un œuf_. =choke=, _v.a._, étouffer, suffoquer, étrangler; engorger, boucher. _v.n._, s’engorger, se boucher. =choke´-damp= (-da’m’pe), _n._, air vicié, _m._; mofette, moufette, _f._ =choke´-pear= (-père), _n._, poire d’angoisse, _f._ =chok´ing=, _n._, étouffement, _m._; suffocation, _f._, (of things) engorgement, _m._ =chok´y=, _adj._, étouffant, suffoquant. =chol´er= (kol’eure), _n._, bile; colère, _f._ =chol´era= (kol’eur’a), _n._, (med.) choléra, _m._ —-morbus; _choléra-morbus_, _m._ =chol´eric= (kol’eur’-), _adj._, cholérique, bilieux; de colère; colérique, irascible. =chol´erine= (kol’eur’-), _n._, cholérine, _f._; faux choléra, _m._ =choose= (tshouze), _v.a.n._, (_preterit_, Chose; _past part._, Chosen) choisir; élire; préférer; vouloir; se décider =à=. I — to do it; _il me plaît de le faire_. =choos´er=, _n._, personne qui choisit, _f._ =choos´ing=, _n._, choix, _m._ =chop= (tshope), _n._, tranche, _f._; (tech.) mâchoires, _f.pl._, (of an animal) gueule, _f._ The —s of the Channel; _l’embouchure_ (_f._), ou _les approches_ (_f.pl._), _de la Manche_. To lick one’s —s; _se lécher les babines_. Mutton —; _côtelette de mouton_, _f._ =chop=, _v.a._, couper; hacher; trafiquer, troquer, échanger. To — off; _trancher_, _couper_. To — up; _hacher menu_. To — logic; _ergoter_, _disputailler_. Let not the counsel — with the judge; _que l’avocat ne se chamaille pas_, _ne dispute pas_, _avec le juge_. =chop=, _v.n._, trafiquer, troquer; (nav.) (of the wind) tourner, sauter, changer; (of the sea) clapoter. =chop´-fallen= (-fōl’n), _adj._, à mâchoire tombante; l’oreille basse; démonté, abattu, penaud. _V._ =chap-fallen=. =chop´-house= (-haouce), _n._, café restaurant, _m._ =chopped=, _part._, coupé à l’emporte-pièce. =chop´per=, _n._, couperet, _m._, hachette, _f._ =chop´ping=, _n._, coupe, action de couper, _f._; (nav.) clapotage, _m._ — board; _hachoir_, _ais_, _m._ — block; _billot_, _m._ =chop´ping-knife= (-naïfe), _n._, couperet, _m._, hachette, _f._ =chop´py=, _adj._, crevassé; (of the sea) houleux, clapoteux. =chop´stick=, _n._, baguette, aiguille, _f._, bâtonnets, _m.pl._ =cho´ral= (kô-), _adj._, en chœur, de chœur. =chord= (corde), _n._, corde, _f._; (mus.) accord, _m._ =chord=, _v.a._, mettre des cordes =à=. =chor´ister= (kor’-), _n._, chantre, choriste, _m._ =chorog´raphy= (ko-), _n._, chorographie, _f._ =cho´rus= (kô-reusse), _n._, chœur, concert; refrain, _m._ =chose=, =cho´sen= (tshôze, -z’n). _V._ =choose=. =chrism= (kriz’m), _n._, chrême, _m._ =Christ= (kraïste), _n._, le Christ, _m._ =christ´en= (kris’s’n), _v.a._, baptiser. =Christ´endom= (kris’s’n’deume), _n._, chrétienté, _f._ =christ´ening=, _n._, baptême, _m._ =Christ´ian= (krist’-), _adj._, chrétien. =Christ´ian=, _n._, chrétien, _m._, chrétienne. — brethren; _frères de la doctrine chrétienne_, _m.pl._ — brother, sister; _frère_, _sœur en Jésus Christ_. — name; _nom de baptême_, _m._ =Christian´ity=, _n._, christianisme, _m._ =Chris´tianize= (-’aïze), _v.a._, christianiser. =Chris´tianly=, _adj._, chrétien. =Chris´tianly=, _adv._, chrétiennement, en chrétien. =Christ´mas= (kris’meusse), _n._, Noël, _m._, la fête de Noël; la Noël, _f._ — carol; _chant_, ou _cantique_, _de Noël_, _m._ — eve; _la veille de Noël_, _f._ =Christ´mas-box= (-bokse), _n._, étrennes, _f.pl._ =Christ´mas-card=, _n._, carte du jour de l’an, _f._ =Christ´mas-gift=, _n._, cadeau du jour de l’an, _m._ =Christ´mas-holidays=, _n._, fêtes de Noël; vacances de Noël, _f.pl._ =Christ´mas-log=, _n._, bûche de Noël, _f._ =Christ´mas-party=, _n._, réunion de Noël, _f._ =chromat´ic= (kro-), _adj._, chromatique. =chron´ic= _ou_ =chron´ical= (kro-), _adj._, chronique. =chron´icle= (kro’n’-), _n._, chronique, _f._ =chron´icle=, _v.a._, faire la chronique =de=, enregistrer, raconter, consigner. =chron´icler=, _n._, chroniqueur, _m._ =chronol´oger= _ou_ =chronol´ogist= (-djeur, -djiste), _n._, chronologiste, _m._ =chronolog´ic= _ou_ =chronolog´ical= (kro’n’o-lodjik, -cal), _adj._, chronologique. =chronolog´ically=, _adv._, chronologiquement. =chronol´ogy=, _n._, chronologie, _f._ =chronom´eter= (kro-no’m’i-), _n._, chronomètre, _m._; montre marine, _f._ =chrys´alis= (kriss’-), _n._, (_chrysalides_) chrysalide, _f._ =chrys´olite= (kriss’o-laïte), _n._, chrysolithe, _f._ =chub= (tsheube), _n._, (ich.) chabot; meunier, _m._ =chubbed= (tsheub’de), _adj._, à grosse tête. =chub´by= (tsheub’bi), _adj._, joufflu; dodu; (of the hands) potelé. =chuck= (tsheuke), _n._, gloussement; (term of endearment) poulet, _m._, poulette; petite tape sous le menton, _f._ =chuck= (tsheuke), _v.n._, (of the cock) appeler; (of the hen) glousser. =chuck=, _v.a._, donner des petits coups sous le menton =à=; caresser; jeter. =chuck´-farthing= (-fâr-_th_igne), _n._, fossette, _f._ =chuc´kle= (tsheuk’k’l), _v.n._, rire; rire tout bas =de=; rire sous cape =de=; ricaner. To — over; _faire des gorges chaudes_ =de=. =chuc´kle=, _v.a._, (of the hen) appeler, glousser; caresser. =chuc´kle=, _n._, rire étouffé, ricanement, _m._ =chuff= (tsheufe), _n._, butor, gros rustre, _m._ =chuf´fily=, _adv._, en butor, grossièrement. =chuf´finess=, _n._, grossièreté, rusticité, _f._ =chuff´y=, _adj._, grossier, rustique. =chum= (tsheume), _m._, camarade de chambre, intime, inséparable, copain, _m._ =chum=, _v.n._, être camarades de chambre. To — with; _être bien_ =avec=; _s’accorder_ =avec=; _s’entendre_ =avec=. =chump= (tsheu’m’pe), _n._, tronçon de bois, _m._ — end; _bas de gigot_, _m._ — chop; _côtelette de gigot_, _f._ =church= (tsheurtshe), _n._, église, _f._, office; (protestants) temple, _m._ — clerk; _chantre_, _m._ =church=, _v.a._, célébrer l’office des relevailles. =church-goer=, _n._, qui va à l’église, qui fréquente les églises. Regular —; _pilier d’église_, _m._ =church´ing=, _n._, relevailles, _f.pl._ =church´ law=, _n._, droit canon, _m._ =church´man= (-ma’n), _n._, homme d’église; anglican, _m._ =church´-music=, _n._, plain-chant, _m._ =church´-rate= (-réte) _ou_ =church´-tax= (-takse), _n._, taxe pour l’entretien de l’église, _f._ =church´-service=, _n._, (time) office, service divin, (book) paroissien, _m._ =church´-warden= (-wōr-d’n), _n._, marguillier, _m._ —’s pew; _banc de l’œuvre_, _banc d’œuvre_, _m._ =church´yard= (-yârde), _n._, cimetière, _m._ — cough; _toux qui sent le sapin_, _toux de renard_, _f._ =churl= (tsheurle), _n._, paysan, rustre, manant; ladre, avare, _m._ =churl´ish=, _adj._, grossier, rude; dur, ladre, avare. =churl´ishly=, _adv._, grossièrement; rudement, durement. =churl´ishness=, _n._, grossièreté, dureté, _f._ =churn= (tsheurne), _n._, baratte, _f._ =churn=, _v.a._, baratter, battre. =chyle= (kaïle), _n._, chyle, _m._ =chylifac´tion= (kaïl’i-fak-), _n._, chylification, _f._ =chyme= (kaïme), _n._, chyme, _m._ =chym´ist= (kim’-). _V._ =chemist=. =cibo´rium=, _n._, ciboire, _m._ =cic´atrice= _ou_ =cic´atrix=, _n._, (_cicatrices_) cicatrice, _f._ =cic´atrize= (-traïze), _v.a._ and _n._, cicatriser; se cicatriser. =cicero´ne= (tshî-tsheur’ô-nè), _n._, cicérone, _m._ =ci´der= (çaï-), _n._, cidre, _n._ Strong —; _gros cidre_. New —; _cidre doux_. — mill; _pressoir à pommes_, _m._ =ci´der-maker=, _n._, fabricant de cidre, _m._ =ci´der-kin= (-kine), _n._, petit cidre, _m._ =cigar´=, _n._, cigare, _m._ — ash; _cendre de cigares_, _f._ — box; _boîte à cigares_, _f._ — case; _porte-cigares_, _m._ — cutter; _coupe-cigares_, _m._ — holder; _brûle_ ou _fume-cigare_, _m._ — stand; _porte-cigares_, _m._ — end; _bout de cigare_, _m._ — shop; _bureau_ ou _débit de tabac_, _m._ =cigarette´=, =cigarette=, _f._ — holder; _fume_ ou _brûle-cigarette_, _m._ — paper; _papier à cigarettes_, _m._ =cil´iated= (’-ède), _adj._, (bot.) cilié. =cim´eter= (sim’i-teur), _n._, cimeterre, _m._ =cinc´ture= (ci’nkt’ieur), _n._, ceinture, _f._ =cin´der=, _n._, cendre; (of coal) escarbille, _f._, fraisil, _m._ — pail; _étouffoir_, _m._ =cin´erary= (-’eur’é-), _adj._, cinéraire. =cinera´tion= (-’eur’é-), _n._, cinération, _f._ =cin´nabar=, _n._, cinabre, _m._ =cin´namon=, _n._, cannelle, _f._ =cinque= (cign’ke), _n._, (at cards) cinq, _m._ =cinque´-foil= (-foïl), _n._, (bot.) quintefeuille; potentille, _f._ =cinque´-ports= (-pôrtse), _n.pl._, cinq ports, _m.pl._ Warden of the —; _gouverneur des cinq ports_, _m._ =cinque´-spotted= (-tède), _adj._, à cinq taches. =ci´pher= (saï-), _n._, chiffre; zéro; (fig.) homme nul, _m._; nullité, _f._ — key; _clé de chiffre_, _m._ In —; _en chiffre_. He is a mere —; _c’est tout simplement une nullité que cet homme là_. =ci´pher=, _v.a._, chiffrer; écrire en chiffre. =ci´pher=, _v.n._, (pop.) chiffrer; calculer. =ci´phering=, _n._, calcul, _m._; arithmétique, _f._ =ci´phering-book= (-bouke), _n._, cahier d’arithmétique, _m._ =circe´an= (seur-cî-), _adj._, de Circée. =cir´cinate= (-néte), _v.a._, (l.u.) faire un cercle. =cir´cle= (ceur’k’l), _n._, cercle; (log.) cercle vicieux, _m._ Dress —; (theat.) _premières_, _f.pl._ =cir´cle=, _v.a._, entourer =de=; environner =de=; ceindre =de=. =cir´cle=, _v.n._, former un cercle; faire le tour; se mouvoir autour =de=; tournoyer. =cir´cled= (-k’lde), _adj._, circulaire, en cercle; en forme de cercle. =cir´clet= (-clète), _n._, petit cercle, anneau, _m._ =cir´cling=, _adj._, circulaire, tournoyant; environnant. =cir´cuit= (ceur-kite), _n._, circuit; tour, _m._; circonférence; (of the judges) tournée, _f._ On —; _en tournée_. =circu´itous= (ceur-kiou-i-), _adj._, détourné, sinueux. =circu´itously=, _adv._, d’une manière détournée, par des détours. =circu´ity= (ceur-kiou-i-), _n._, circuit, _m._; (of words) circonlocution, _f._, détours, _m.pl._ =cir´cular= (ceur-kiou-), _adj._, circulaire; de ceinture; (of bills of exchange) indirect. =cir´cular=, _n._, circulaire, _f._, bulletin, _m._ — note _ou_ ticket; _billet circulaire_, _m._ — railway; _chemin de fer de ceinture_, _m._ =circular´ity=, _n._, forme circulaire, _f._ =cir´cularly=, _adv._, circulairement; par circulation. =cir´culate=, _v.a._, mettre en circulation, faire circuler, répandre. =cir´culate=, _v.n._, circuler. =cir´culating=, _adj._ — decimal; _fraction périodique_, _f._ — medium; _monnaie légale d’un pays_, _f._ — library; _cabinet de lecture_, _m._ =circula´tion= (-lé-), _n._, circulation, _f._ =cir´culatory= (-teu-ri), _adj._, circulaire; circulatoire. =circumam´bient=, _adj._, environnant; ambiant. =cir´cumcise= (-saïze), _v.a._, circoncire. =circumci´sion= (-keu’m’si-jeune), _n._, circoncision, _f._ =circum´ference= (ceur-keu’m’feur’-), _n._, circonférence, _f._ =circumferen´tor= (-teur), _n._, boussole d’arpenteur, _f._ =cir´cumflex= (-flèkse), _adj._, circonflexe. =cir´cumflex=, _n._, (gram.) circonflexe, accent circonflexe, _m._ =circum´fluent= _ou_ =circum´fluous= (-fliou-), _adj._, qui coule autour; environnant. =circumfuse´= (-fiouze), _v.a._, répandre autour; disperser. =circumfu´sion= (-fiou-jeune), _n._, action de répandre; expansion, _f._ =circumja´cent= (-keu’m’djé-), _adj._, circonvoisin, circonjacent. =circumlocu´tion= (-kiou-), _n._, circonlocution, _f._ =circumnav´igable=, _adj._, dont on peut faire le tour en naviguant. =circumnav´igate=, _v.a._, naviguer autour =de=, faire le tour =de=; contourner. =circumnaviga´tion= (-ghé-), _n._, circumnavigation, _f._ =circumscribe´= (-scraïbe), _v.a._, circonscrire. =circumscrip´tion=, _n._, circonscription, _f._ =circumscrip´tive=, _adj._, circonscrit. =circumscrip´tively=, _adv._, d’une manière circonscrite. =cir´cumspect=, _adj._, circonspect, mesuré. =circumspec´tion=, _n._, circonspection, _f._ =circumspec´tive=, _adj._, circonspect. =cir´cumspectly=, _adv._, avec circonspection. =cir´cumstance=, _n._, circonstance, _f._; détail, état, _m.pl._, moyens, _m.pl._; position, _f._ In straitened —s; _gêné dans ses affaires_, _dans la gêne_. Under any —s; _dans tous les cas_. Under no —s; _en aucun cas_, _sous aucun prétexte_. To be in good, _ou_ bad, —s; _être bien_, ou _mal_, _dans ses affaires_. To be in easy —s; _être dans l’aisance_. =cir´cumstance=, _v.a._, placer. As I was —d; _dans la position où je me trouvais_. They are so —d that ...; _il sont dans une position telle que ..._ =circumstan´tial= (-sta’n’shal), _adj._, des circonstances; circonstancié, minutieux; (evidence) indirect, par induction. =circumstan´tially=, _adv._, suivant les circonstances. =circumstan´tiate= (-shi-éte), _v.a._, circonstancier. =circumvalla´tion= (-val’lé-), _n._, circonvallation, _f._ =circumvent´= (-vè’n’te), _v.a._, circonvenir. =circumven´tion=, _n._, circonvention, _f._ =circumvest´= (-vèste), _v.a._, envelopper. =circumvolu´tion= (-liou-), _n._, circonvolution, _f._ =cir´cus= (ceur-keusse), _n._, cirque; (of streets) rond-point, _m._ — girl; _écuyère_, _f._ =cir´rus=, _n._, (bot.) cirre (a tendril); (of clouds) cirrus, _m._ =cisal´pine= (ciss’al-païne), _adj._, cisalpin. =cist=, _n._, ciste; boîte, caisse, _f._; sac, _m._ =cist´ed=, _adj._, enkysté. =cis´tern= (-teurne), _n._, citerne; fontaine; (of barometers) cuvette, _f._; (of pumps and steam engines) réservoir, _m._ =cis´tus=, _n._, (bot.) ciste, _m._ =cit=, _n._, bon bourgeois, badaud, _m._ =cit´adel=, _n._, citadelle, _f._ =cita´tion= (-té-), _n._, citation, _f._ =cite= (çaïte), _v.a._, citer; astreindre =à=; sommer =de=. =ci´ter=, _n._, citateur, _m._ =cith´ara=, _n._, cithare, _f._ =cit´icism=, _n._, manières bourgeoises, _f.pl._ =cit´izen= (cit’i-z’n), _n._, citoyen, bourgeois; habitant, _m._, habitante, _f._ Fellow —; _concitoyen_, _m._ —like, _adj._, _bourgeois_. =cit´izenship=, _n._, droit de cité, droit de bourgeoisie, _m._ =cit´rine= (-’raïne), _adj._, citrin. =cit´ron= (-’reune), _n._, citron, _m._ — tree; _citronnier_, _m._ =cit´rul= (-’reule), _n._, (l.u.) citrouille, _f._, potiron, _m._ =cit´y=, _n._, ville; cité; (commercial part) la cité, _f._ — article (newspapers), _bulletin financier_, _m._ — intelligence; _compte rendu de la Bourse_, _m._; _revue de la Bourse_, _f._ =civ´et= (-’ète), _n._, civette, _f._ =civ´ic=, _adj._, civique. =civ´il=, _adj._, civil, municipal; honnête, poli. —-service examination; _concours d’admission aux emplois civils_, _m._ =civil´ian=, _n._, légiste en droit civil; étudiant en droit civil; bourgeois, civil, _m._ =civil´ity=, _n._, civilité, honnêteté, politesse, _f._ =civiliza´tion= (-aïzé-), _n._, civilisation, _f._ =civ´ilize= (-aïze), _v.a._, civiliser. =civ´ilizer=, _n._, civilisateur, _m._, civilisatrice, _f._ =civ´illy=, _adv._, civilement, honnêtement, poliment. =clack=, _n._, caquet; (of a mill) claquet, _m._ =clack=, _v.a._, caqueter; (of a mill) cliqueter. =clack´ing=, _n._, caquetage, _m._ =clad=. _V._ =clothe=. Iron —; _navire cuirassé_, _m._ =claim= (cléme), _n._, demande, prétention, _f._; titre, droit, _m._; (jur.) réclamation, _f._ To lay — to; _prétendre_ =à=; _faire valoir ses droits_ =à=, _revendiquer_. =claim=, _v.a._, demander; réclamer; prétendre =à=, avoir la prétention =de=. =claim´able=, _adj._, qu’on peut réclamer; réclamable. =claim´ant= (clém’-), _n._, réclamateur, prétendant; ayant droit, _m._ =claim´er=, _n._ _V._ =claim´ant=. =clam=, _n._, (mollusque) peigne, _m._; clovisse, _f._ _v.a._, engluer, poisser. _v.n._, s’attacher =sur=, adhérer =à=. =clam´ber= (cla’m’-beur), _v.n._, grimper =sur= _ou_ =à=. =clam´miness=, _n._, viscosité, (of the hands) moiteur, _f._ =clam´my=, _adj._, visqueux, gluant; pâteux; (of the hands) humide, moite. =clam´orous=, _adj._, bruyant, tumultueux; criard. =clam´orously=, _adv._, bruyamment, à grands cris. =clam´or= (clam’eur), _n._, clameur, _f._; bruit, _m._ =clam´or=, _v.n._, crier, vociférer. To — against; _crier_ =contre=, _se récrier_ =contre=. To — for; _demander à grands cris_. =clamp=, _n._, crampon, _m._; (carp.) emboîture, _f._, tas de briques; (fig.) pas lourd, _m._ =clamp=, _v.a._, (carp.) emboîter, (nav.) acclamper. =clan= (cla’n), _n._, clan, _m._; troupe, clique, coterie, _f._ =clandes´tine=, _adj._, clandestin. =clandes´tinely=, _adv._, clandestinement. =clandes´tineness=, _n._, clandestinité, _f._ =clang=, _n._, cliquetis, _m._ =clang=, _v.a._ and _n._, faire résonner; résonner. To — out; _faire résonner_. =clang´orous=, _adj._, aigu, perçant, résonnant. =clank=, _n._, cliquetis, son aigu, cri perçant, _m._ =clank=, _v.a._, faire résonner. =clan´nish=, _adj._, de clan; étroitement uni. =clan´nishness=, _n._, union étroite, _f._ =clan´ship=, _n._, esprit de famille, _m._; union étroite; autorité sous un clan, _f._ To claim — with; _se dire du même clan que_. =clans´man= (cla’n’z’ma’n), _n._, membre d’un clan, _m._ =clap=, _n._, coup, _m._; claque; (med.) blennorrhée, _f._; battement de mains; (of thunder) coup, _m._ — trap; _coup de théâtre_, _m._; _chose à effet_, _réclame_, _f._ _adj._, à effet, à sensation. =clap=, _v.a._, frapper, battre, fermer (the hands, the wings); applaudir; claquer; flanquer, fourrer, mettre. To — one’s sides; _se battre les flancs_. To — up; _enfermer_, _claquemurer_; (fig.) _bâcler_. To — down; (windows) _fermer avec bruit_. To — together; _mettre ensemble_. To — the handcuffs on; _appliquer_, ou _mettre_, _les menottes_ =à=. =clap=, _v.n._, faire résonner; claquer des mains, battre des mains; (of birds) battre des ailes. =clap´per=, _n._, claqueur; (of a bell) battant; (of a mill) claquet, _m._ =clap´per-claw= (-clō), _v.a._, se battre du bec et des ongles; (fig.) gronder; injurier, vilipender. =clap´per-clawing=, _n._, bataille à coups de langue, _f._ =clare´-obscure´= (clèr’obs-kioure), _n._, (paint.) clair-obscur, _m._ =clar´et= (-’ète), _n._, bordeaux, vin de Bordeaux, _m._ — jug; _carafe à bordeaux_, _f._ =clarifica´tion= (-ké-), _n._, clarification, _f._ =clar´ify= (-faïe), _v.n._, se clarifier. =clar´ify=, _v.a._, clarifier. =clar´ion=, _n._, clairon, _m._ =clar´y= (clè-), _n._, (bot.) orvale, toute-bonne, _f._ =clash=, _n._, fracas, coup, choc, cliquetis (of arms); conflit, _m._; opposition, _f._ =clash=, _v.n._, résonner, se heurter, s’entrechoquer; être aux prises; être en opposition, en conflit =avec=; être en désaccord =avec=. To — with; _aller à l’encontre_ =de=; _s’opposer_ =à=. =clash=, _v.a._, faire résonner (en frappant); (glasses) choquer; heurter. =clasp=, _n._, fermoir, _m._; agrafe, _f._; cadenas; embrassement, _m._; étreinte, _f._ =clasp=, _v.a._, fermer avec un fermoir; agrafer; cadenasser; serrer; presser; enlacer. To — any one round the neck; _sauter_ ou _se jeter au cou de quelqu’un_. To — one’s hands; _joindre les mains_. With clasped hands; _les mains jointes_. =clasp´er=, _n._, (bot.) vrille, main, _f._ =class=, _n._, classe, catégorie, _f._; cours; genre, _m._ —-room; _classe_, _f._ — book; _livre de classe_, _m._ —mate; _camarade de classe_, _m._ =class=, _v.a._, classer. =clas´sic=, _n._, classique, _m._ =clas´sic= _ou_ =clas´sical=, _adj._, classique. =clas´sically=, _adv._, d’une manière classique. =classif´ic=, _adj._, par classes. =classifica´tion= (-ké-), _n._, classification, _f._ =clas´sify= (-faïe), _v.a._, classifier. =class´ing=, _n._, classement, _m._ =clat´ter=, _n._, bruit, tapage, fracas, tintamarre; claquetage, babillage, _m._ =clat´ter=, _v.n._, faire du bruit; claquer; retentir; résonner; (talk) caqueter. =clat´terer=, _n._, tapageur; babillard, _m._ =clat´tering=, _n._, bruit, fracas, _m._ =clause= (clōze), _n._, clause, _f._; (gram.) membre de phrase, _m._, proposition, _f._ =claus´tral=, _adj._, claustral. =cla´vate= (clé-véte), _adj._, (bot.) claviforme. =clava´tion= (-vé-), _n._, (anat.) gomphose, _f._ =clav´icle= (-’k’l), _n._, (anat.) clavicule, _f._ =cla´vus=, _n._, (bot.) ergot (disease of rye, etc.); (med.) cor (on the feet), _m._ =claw= (clō), _n._, griffe, _f._; (bot., zoöl.) ongle, _m._; (of crabs) pince, _f._; (of a bench) valet; (of a hammer) pied de biche, _m._ — foot; _pied de griffon_, _m._ — hammer; _marteau à dent_, _m._ =claw=, _v.a._, tirer, égratigner, déchirer avec les griffes; mettre en pièces, déchirer; railler, gronder; (fig., ant.) flatter; gratter, chatouiller; (nav.) faire, courir des bordées =à=, louvoyer. To — off; _déchirer_. =clawed= (clō’d), _adj._, armé de griffes. =claw´less=, _adj._, sans griffe. =clay= (clè), _n._, argile; boue, terre glaise, glaise, _f._; limon, _m._ Baked —; _terre cuite_, _f._ — pipe; _pipe en terre_; (pop.) _bouffarde_, _f._ =clay=, _v.a._, glaiser, (agri.) glaiser, marner; (sugar) terrer. =clay´-cold= (-côlde), _adj._, glacé, froid comme l’argile; sans vie; mort. =clay´ey= (clé-i), _adj._, argileux. =clay´ing= (clé-igne), _n._, (sugar-making) terrage; (mas.) corroi, _m._ =clay´ing-house= (-haouce), _n._, étuve à sucre, _f._ =clay´-land=, _m._, terre argileuse, _f._ =clay´-marl=, _n._, marne argileuse, _f._ =clay´more=, _n._, claymore, _f._ =clay´-pit=, _n._, argilière, marnière, _f._ =clay´-slate= (-sléte), _n._, schiste argileux, _m._ =clay´-soil=, _n._, sol argileux, _m._ =clean= (clîne), _adj._, propre; (of shoes) ciré; (of linen) blanc; (print.) (of proofs) peu chargé; (fig.) adroit; net; droit, raide. — bill of health; _patente nette_, _f._ — hands; _mains propres_; (fig.) _mains nettes_, _f.pl._ =clean=, _adv._, heureusement, adroitement, entièrement, tout à fait; droit, raide. =clean=, _v.a._, nettoyer; (sewers, canals, etc.) curer; (of shoes) décrotter, cirer; (chem.) décaper; (manu.) dégraisser. =clean´able=, _adj._, nettoyable. =clean´er=, _n._, nettoyeur, -euse; (of boots) décrotteur; dégraisseur; (of sewers) écureur, _m._ =clean´ing=, _n._, nettoyage; (of sewers, canals) curage; (manu.) dégraissage; (chem.) décapage, _m._ =clean´liness=, _n._, propreté; netteté, _f._ =clean´ly=, _adj._, propre; pur. =clean´ly=, _adv._, proprement, nettement. =clean´ness=, _n._, propreté, pureté, innocence; (fig.) netteté, justesse, pureté, _f._ =cleans´able=, _adj._, nettoyable. =cleanse= (clè’n’ze), _v.a._, nettoyer; laver; (sewers, canals) curer; (fig.) purifier. To — the blood; _purifier le sang_. =cleans´er=, _n._, chose qui nettoie, _f._; détersif, (of sewers, canals, etc.) cureur; (med.) abstergent, _m._ =cleans´ing=, _n._, nettoyage, _m._; (fig.) purification, _f._; (of sewers, canals) curement, _m._ =clear=, _adj._, clair; net, évident; sûr; innocent; sans tache; (arch.) dans l’œuvre. — of; _exempt_ =de=. To keep — of; _ne pas se heurter_ =contre=, _ne pas s’approcher_ =de=; _se tenir à distance_ =de=, _éloigné_ =de=; _éviter_. To get —; _se tirer d’affaire_. To get — of; _se débarrasser_ =de=, _sortir_ =de=, _se justifier_ =de=. To make —; _rendre clair_. To steer — of; _éviter_. To keep —; (streets) _faire la police des rues_. =clear=, _adv._, clair; net. =clear=, _v.a._, éclaircir; clarifier; faire évacuer; gagner; (agri.) défricher; (nav.) parer, dégager. To — a hedge; _franchir une haie_. To — the customs; _acquitter les droits de douane_. To — from; _dégager_ =de=; _débarrasser_ =de=. To — of; _purger_ =de=; _acquitter_ =de=. To — a good deal of money; gagner beaucoup d’argent. To — the table; _desservir_. To — one’s brow; _se dérider le front_. To —; (letter boxes) _faire la levée_ =de=. To — for action; (nav.) _faire branle-bas de combat_. To — away; (of obstructions) _déblayer_, _ouvrir un chemin_. To — a cape; _doubler un cap_. The streets were —ed by the musketry fire; _les rues furent balayées par la fusillade_. To — out; _se retirer_. To — off; _s’en aller_. To — up accounts; (com.) _liquider_. To — the customs; _passer_ (_quelque chose_) _en douane_. To — goods; _acquitter les droits_ =de=. To — one’s self; _se réhabiliter_; _faire reconnaître son innocence_. =clear=, _v.n._, s’éclaircir, se rasséréner; se dissiper. To — up; (of the weather) _s’éclaircir_; _se rasséréner_, _se remettre_; (fig.) _s’éclaircir_, _se débrouiller_. To — away; _desservir_. To — off _ou_ out; _filer_, _décamper_. It is —ing up; _le temps s’éclaircit_ ou _se remet_. =clear´ance=, _n._, dégagement; (of rubbish, etc.) déblaiement; (nav.) congé; (com.) solde, _m._; liquidation, _f._ — sale; _solde_, _m._; _liquidation_, _f._ =clear´-headed= (-hèdède), _adj._, qui a l’esprit clair; à l’esprit clair; qui a la tête libre. =clear´ing=, _n._, éclaircissement, débrouillement, acquittement (of land), défrichement, déblaiement, _m._; (of letter boxes) levée; (in woods) éclaircie, _f._; (of rubbish) déblaiement; (of profits) clair et net, _m._ — out; _enlèvement_, _m._; _rafle_, _f._ — up; _éclaircissement_, _m._ =clear´ing-house=, _n._, (rail.) bureau central; (of banks) comptoir de règlement, _m._ =clear´ly=, _adv._, avec clarté, bien; nettement; clairement; évidemment. =clear´ness=, _n._, clarté; netteté; pureté, _f._ =clear´-sighted= (-saït’ède), _adj._, clairvoyant. =clear-sight´edness=, _n._, clairvoyance, _f._ =clear´-starch=, (-stârtshe), _v.a._, blanchir à neuf; empeser. =clear´-starcher=, _n._, blanchisseur de fin, _m._, blanchisseuse de fin, _f._ =clear´-starching=, _n._, blanchissage de fin _ou_ à neuf. =cleat= (clîte), _n._, (nav.) taquet, _m._ =cleav´able=, _adj._, clivable, qui peut se fendre. =cleav´age= (clîv’èdje), _n._, fendage, _m._; (min.) fente, _f._; clivage, _m._ =cleave=, _v.a._ and _n._, (_preterit_, Clove, Cleft; _past part._, Cloven, Cleft) fendre, diviser; se fendre; se coller =à=; (fig.) s’attacher =à=, s’unir =à=. =cleav´er=, _n._, (pers.) fendeur; (thing) couperet, fendoir, merlin, _m._ =cleav´ers= (clî-veurze), _n._, (bot.) gaillet, caillelait, grateron, _m._ =cleav´ing=, _n._, fendage, (fig.) attachement, _m._ =clef= (clèfe), _n._, (mus.) clef, clé, _f._ =cleft= (clèfte), _n._, fente; ouverture, crevasse, _f._ =clem´ency= (clè’m’è’n’-), _n._, clémence; (of the weather) douceur, _f._ =clem´ent= (clè’m’èn’te), _adj._, doux, clément. =clep´sydra= (clèp’-), _n._, clepsydre, _f._ =cler´gy= (cleur’dji), _n._, clergé, _m._ =cler´gyman=, _n._, ecclésiastique; (c.rel.) prêtre, abbé; (protestant) ministre, pasteur, _m._ =cler´ical= (clèr’-), _adj._, clérical. =cler´ically=, _adv._, cléricalement. =clerk= (clârke _ou_ cleurke), _n._, (of lawyers and churches) clerc; (com.) commis; (in public offices) employé, comptable; (of law courts) greffier, _m._ Managing —; _premier commis_. Senior, chief —; _chef de bureau_, _m._ Lawyers’ —; _clerc d’avoué_. =clerk´ship=, _n._, secrétariat, _m._; place de clerc, place de commis, _f._ =clev´er= (clèv’-), _adj._, adroit, habile, ingénieux; savant, spirituel; bien écrit, bien exécuté. To be — at; _être fort_ =en=. =clev´erly=, _adv._, habilement, adroitement. =clev´erness=, _n._, habileté, adresse, _f._, savoir, _m._; intelligence, _f._; moyens, _m.pl._ =clew= (cliou), _n._, peloton de fil; peloton; fil, guide; (nav.) point de voile, _m._ =clew= (cliou), _v.a._, (nav.) carguer. =click=, _v.n._, faire tic-tac; (print.) mettre en pages. =click´er=, _n._, (print.) metteur en pages; (man.) cheval qui forge; (shoes) coupeur, cordonnier, _m._ =click´ing=, _n._, (print.) mise en pages, _f._; tic-tac, _m._ =cli´ent= (claïè’n’te), _n._, client, _m._; cliente, _f.pl._, clientèle, _f._ =cliff=, _n._, falaise, _f._; rocher, _m._; (hill) colline, _f._ =cliff´y=, _adj._, à falaises; rocailleux. =climacter´ic= _ou_ =-al= (-tèr’-), _adj._, climatérique. =cli´mate= (claï-), _n._, climat, _m._ =cli´max= (claï-), _n._, gradation, _f._; comble, climax, _m._; fin de tout, _f._ =climb= (claïme), _n._, ascension, _f._ Stiff —; _ascension raide_. =climb=, _v.n._, grimper =sur=; monter =sur=; gravir; (fig.) s’élever. To — down; _en rabattre_, _rabattre ses prétentions_. =climb=, _v.a._, escalader, gravir, monter =sur=. =climb´er=, _n._, grimpeur, _m._; (bot.) plante grimpante, _f._; (orni.) grimpeur, _m._ =clime= (claïme), _n._, climat; pays, _m._ =clinch= (cli’n’she), _n._, crampon, _m._; (nav.) étalingure, _f._ =clinch=, _v.a._, tenir à main fermée; fermer le poing; serrer; (of nails) river; (nav.) étalinguer. To — an argument; _confirmer un argument_. =clinch´er=, _n._, crampon; (fig.) mot sans réplique, _m._ To give any one a —; _river son clou_ =à= _quelqu’un_. =clinch´er-built=, _adj._, (of boats) bordé à clin. =cling= (cligne), _v.n._, (_preterit_ and _past part._, Clung), se cramponner =à=, s’attacher =à=, se tenir =à=, s’accrocher =à=; (of dresses) se coller =à=. To — together; _se tenir ensemble_, _se tenir embrassés_. A drowning man clings to anything; _un homme qui se noie se raccroche à tout_. =cling´-stone= (-stône), _n._, (fruit) pavie, _m._ =cling´y=, _adj._, qui s’attache, qui s’accroche. =clin´ical=, _adj._, (med.) clinique, de clinique. =clin´ically=, _adv._, d’une manière clinique. =clink= (cli’gnk), _n._, tintement, cliquetis, _m._ =clink=, _v.n._, tinter; résonner. =clink=, _v.a._, faire tinter; faire résonner. =clink´er=, _n._, mâchefer, _m._ =clink´ing=, _n._, cliquetis, tintement, _m._ =clip=, _v.a._, couper; (with scissors) rogner; (dogs and horses) tondre; (to abridge) écourter; (of words) manger, estropier; (of tickets) contrôler. =clip=, _n._, tonte, _f._; pince-notes, _m._ =clip´per=, _n._, rogneur, _m._, rogneuse, _f._; (nav.) fin voilier, _m._ =clip´ping=, _n._, rognure, _f._; (of tickets) contrôlement, _m._ =cloak= (clôke), _n._, manteau; (with a hood) caban; (fig.) masque, prétexte, _m._; (mil.) capote, _f._ — room; (railways) _vestiaire_, _dépôt_, _m._; _consigne_, _f._ In the — room; _au dépôt_. =cloak=, _v.a._, couvrir d’un manteau; (fig.) masquer, voiler, cacher. =cloak´edly=, _adv._, sous le manteau, en cachette. =clock=, _n._, horloge; pendule, _f._; (of stockings) coin, _m._ Eight-day —; _pendule_, ou _horloge_, _qui marche huit jours_. What o’— is it? _quelle heure est-il?_ It is one o’—; _il est une heure_. Ornamental —; _pendule_, _f._ — dial; _cadran d’horloge_, _m._ — case; _cage_, ou _boîte_, _d’horloge_, _f._ =clock´-maker= (-mék’-), _n._, horloger, _m._ =clock´-making=, _n._, horlogerie, _f._ =clock´-tower=, _n._, tour d’horloge, _f._ =clock´-work= (-weurke), _n._, (horl.) mouvement, _m._, rouages, _m.pl._; (fig.) travail régulier, bien ajusté, _m._; régularité, _f._ As regular as —; _réglé comme un papier de musique_. =clod=, _n._, motte de terre, _f._; morceau, _m._, masse, _f._; grumeau, caillot, _m._ =clod=, _v.n._, se cailler, se coaguler, se grumeler. =clod=, _v.n._, lancer des mottes de terre =contre=. =clod´dy=, _adj._, plein de mottes; grumeleux. =clod´hopper=, _n._, rustre, rustaud, manant, lourdaud, _m._ =clod´pate=, _n._, claude, lourdaud, sot, imbécile, _m._ =clod´pated= (-pét’ède), _adj._, claude; lourd, hébété. =clod´poll= (clod’pol), _n._, claude, lourdaud, sot, imbécile, _m._ =clog=, _n._, (for an animal) entraves, _f.pl._; (for the foot) socque; galoche, _f._; sabot; (fig.) empêchement, embarras, _m._, entrave, _f._; entraves, _f.pl._ =clog=, _v.a._, (animal) entraver; (fig.) entraver, embarrasser; obstruer, encombrer. =clog=, _v.n._, s’embarrasser; s’attacher =à=; se boucher, s’obstruer. =clog´gy= (-ghi), _adj._, embarrassant; pesant. =clois´ter= (cloïs’-), _n._, cloître, _m._ =clois´ter=, _v.a._, cloîtrer. =close= (clôce), _n._, clos, enclos; (of a cathedral) cloître, _m._ =close= (clôce), _adj._, clos, bien fermé; compact, étroit; (avaricious, tight) serré; (of the weather) lourd; (of the air) renfermé; (fig.) mystérieux; discret; attentif, appliqué. — to; _près_ =de=. In — confinement; _au secret_. — to the ground; _à fleur de terre_, _à ras de terre_. =close= (clôce), _adv._, serré, de près. — by; _tout près_. — to one another; _tout près les uns des autres_. To be — upon; _serrer de près_. =close= (clôze), _v.a._, clore, fermer; terminer; conclure; serrer. To — in; _clore_; (the ranks) _serrer_. To — up; _fermer_. =close= (clôze), _v.n._, se fermer; clore, terminer, conclure; finir; (milit.) en venir aux mains; (of a wound) se fermer, se cicatriser. To — with; _convenir_ =de=, _s’entendre_ =avec=; (to grapple with) _prendre corps à corps_; (to come to an arrangement) _s’arranger_ =avec=. To — upon; _s’arrêter_ =à=, _se déterminer_ =à=. I —d by saying that; _je finis en disant que_. =close= (clôze), _n._, fin; clôture; prise (in wrestling), _f._ To bring to a —; _terminer_. To draw to a —; _tirer_, ou _toucher_, =à= _sa fin_. =close´ly= (clôss’li), _adv._, serré; de près; étroitement; secrètement; strictement; intimement; attentivement. To observe —; _veiller de près_, _ne pas perdre de vue_. =close´ness= (clôss’-), _n._, fidélité; concision, logique serrée, _f._; état serré, _m._; compacité, étroitesse, _f._; (of the weather) état lourd; air renfermé, _m._; (fig.) connexion; avarice; discrétion, réserve; (of pursuit) vigueur, _f._ =clos´er= (cloz’-), _n._, finisseur, _m._; (of boots) joigneur, _m._; joigneuse, _f._ =close´stool= (clôss’stoule), _n._, chaise percée, _f._ =clos´et= (kloz’ète), _n._, cabinet, placard; boudoir, _m._; grande armoire, _f._ Dark —; _cabinet noir_, _m._ =clos´et= (kloz’ète), _v.a._, enfermer dans un cabinet, prendre en particulier. To be —ed with; _être enfermé_ =avec=; _être en tête-à-tête_ =avec=. =clos´eting=, _n._, conférence particulière, _f._; tête-à-tête, _m._ =clos´ing= (clôz’-), _n._, clôture; fin, conclusion; (of shops) fermeture, _f._ _adj._, de clôture; (last) dernier, final. =clo´sure= (clô’jeur), _n._, clôture, fermeture, _f._; enclos, _m._; enceinte, _f._ =clot=, _n._, grumeau; caillot, _m._ =clot=, _v.n._, se cailler; se grumeler. =cloth= (clōth), _n._, (woolen, gold _ou_ silver tissue) drap, _m._; (linen tissue) toile, _f._; (cotton tissue) calicot, coton; (cover for a table) tapis, _m._; (binding) toile, percaline, _f._ Table —; _nappe_, _f._ To lay the —; _mettre le couvert_. To remove the —; _desservir_. Long —; _percale_, _cretonne_, _f._ — merchant; _marchand de draps_, _drapier_, _m._ —presser; _presse-étoffes_, _m._ — trade; _commerce des draps_, _m._, _draperie_, _f._ — weaver; _tisserand en draps_, _m._ — worker; _ouvrier en draps_, _m._ =clothe= (clô_th_e), _v.a._ (_preterit_ and _past part._, Clad, Clothed), vêtir, revêtir =de=, couvrir =de=, habiller. =clothes= (clô_th_ze), _n._, hardes, _f.pl._; habits, vêtements, _m.pl._ Bed —; _couvertures_, _f.pl._ Long —; _maillot_, _m._ Old —; _vieux habits_, _m.pl._ Old — man; _fripier_, _m._ In plain —; _en civil_, _en bourgeois_, _en péquin_. =cloth´ier= (clô_th_ieur), _n._, drapier, tailleur, marchand de confection, d’habits tout faits, _m._ =cloth´ing= (clô_th_’-), _n._, vêtement, habillement, _m._; couvertures, _f.pl._ =cloth´-shearer=, _n._, tondeur de drap, _m._ =clot´ty=, _adj._, grumeleux. =cloud= (claoude), _n._, nuage, _m._; nue; (fig.) nuée; (in stones) veine, tache, _f._ To be under a —; _être discrédité_, _être mal vu du monde_; _avoir quelque chose contre soi_. To fall from the —s; _tomber des nues_. =cloud=, _v.a._, couvrir de nuages; obscurcir; voiler; (of sorrow) assombrir, répandre un nuage =sur=. =cloud=, _v.n._, se couvrir de nuages; se couvrir, s’obscurcir; (of the brow) se rembrunir. =cloud´capt=, _adj._, couvert de nuages; s’élevant jusqu’aux nues; qui se perd dans les nues. =cloud´-compelling=, _adj._, qui amasse des nuages. =cloud´ily=, _adv._, avec des nuages; (fig.) obscurément. =cloud´iness=, _n._, état nuageux, _m._; obscurité, couleur terne; (fig.) tristesse, _f._ =cloud´less=, _adj._, sans nuage. =cloud´y=, _adj._, nuageux, couvert; nébuleux; (fig.) ténébreux, sombre; (of liquids) trouble. — weather; _temps couvert_, _m._ It is getting —; _le temps se couvre_. =clout= (claoute), _n._, torchon; chiffon, _m._; (thump) tape, claque, taloche, _f._; (nail) clou à tête plate, _m._; (of axle-tree) rondelle, _f._; pièce pour raccommoder, _f._ — for children; _lange_, _m._, _couche_, ☉_braie_, _f._ =clout=, _v.a._, rapetasser; taper; garnir de clous; (fig.) donner une claque =à=; talocher. =clove= (clôve), _n._, clou de girofle, _m._ — of garlic; _gousse d’ail_, _f._ =clove´bark= (-bârke), _n._, cannelle giroflée, _f._ =clo´ven= (clô’v’n), _adj._, fendu; fourchu. To show the — foot; _laisser voir le bout de l’oreille_. =clo´ven-footed= _ou_ =clo´ven-hoofed= (-foutède, -houf’te), _adj._, qui a le pied fendu, fourchu. =clo´ver= (clô-), _n._, trèfle, _m._ — field; _champ de trèfle_, _m._, tréflière, _f._ In —; _dans l’abondance_; _à gogo_. To be in —; _avoir du foin dans ses bottes_. =clo´vered= (clô-veurde), _adj._, couvert de trèfle. =clove´-oil=, _n._, huile de girofle, _f._ =clove´-stalk= (-stōke), _n._, griffe de giroflée, _f._ =clove´tree=, _n._, giroflier, _m._ =clown= (claoune), _n._, bouffon, paillasse; clown; pitre; (with Columbine) Gille; (b.s.) rustre, manant, _m._ =clown´ish=, _adj._, de paysan; rustre, grossier. =clown´ishly=, _adv._, en manant, grossièrement. =clown´ishness=, _n._, rusticité; gaucherie; grossièreté, rudesse, _f._ =cloy= (cloïe), _v.a._, (glut) rassasier; affadir. =cloy´ing=, _n._, affadissement, _m._, satiété, _f._ =cloy´less=, _adj._, qui ne rassasie pas. =club= (cleube), _n._, massue; (assembly) réunion, _f._, cercle, club, _m._; cotisation, _f._; (at cards) trèfle, _m._; (of the hair) catogan, _m._ =club=, _v.a._, cotiser, réunir; renverser; (the hair) relever en catogan. =club=, _v.n._, se réunir =pour=, se cotiser =pour=; s’associer =avec=; contribuer =à=. =club´-foot= (-foute), _n._, pied bot, _m._ =club´-headed= (-hèdède). _adj._ à grosse tête; stupide, bête. =club´-law= (-lō), _n._, loi du plus fort, anarchie, _f._ =club´-room=, _n._, salle de cercle, _f._ =club´-shaped=, _adj._, en forme de massue; claviforme. =cluck= (cleuke), _v.n._, glousser. =cluck= (cleuke), _v.a._, appeler. =cluck´ing=, _n._, gloussement, _m._ =clue= (cliou), _n._ _V._ =clew=. (fig.) fil, indice, signe, _m._, idée. To give a — to; _mettre sur la voie_; _mettre sur la piste_; _donner un indice_ =de=. =clue=, _v.a._ _V._ =clew=. =clump= (cleu’m’pe), _n._, gros bloc; (fig.) groupe, _m._ — of trees; _massif_ ou _groupe d’arbres_, _bouquet d’arbres_, _m._; _touffe d’arbres_, _f._ =clum´sily= (cleu’m’-), _adv._, gauchement, maladroitement; grossièrement. =clum´siness=, _n._, gaucherie, maladresse, _f._ =clum´sy=, _adj._, grossier; gauche; maladroit, disgracieux, laid, mal fait, rude. =clus´ter= (cleus’-), _n._, grappe, _f._; (of nuts) paquet, _m._; (of trees) bouquet, groupe, massif; (of bees) peloton, essaim; groupe; amas, _m._; (of diamonds) attache, _f._ =clus´ter=, _v.n._, croître en grappes; s’amasser; se grouper =autour de=; s’attrouper, se rassembler; (of bees) se pelotonner. =clus´ter=, _v.a._, réunir en grappe; amasser, rassembler. =clus´tery=, _adj._, en grappe. =clutch= (cleutshe), _v.a._, saisir, empoigner, serrer. To — the hand, the fist; _serrer_, ou _fermer_, _le poing_. To — at anything; _s’accrocher à tout_. =clutch=, _n._, griffe, prise, étreinte, _f._ To fall into any one’s —es; _passer sous la patte de quelqu’un_. =clut´ter= (cleut’-), _n._, amas confus, vacarme, _m._ =clut´ter=, _v.n._, faire du bruit. =coach= (côtshe), _n._, voiture, _f._; carrosse, _m._; (nav.) chambre de conseil, _f._; (universities) préparateur, répétiteur, instructeur, _m._ Slow —; _lambin_, _m._ A — and six; _une voiture à six chevaux_. Mail —; _malle-poste_, _f._ Stage—; _diligence_, _f._ — step; _marchepied_, _m._ — window; _glace_ (_de voiture_), _f._ =coach=, _v.a._, voiturer. To — up; (fig.) _préparer aux examens_. =coach=, _v.n._, aller en voiture. =coach´-box= (-bokse), _n._, siège du cocher, _m._ =coach´-door=, _n._, portière, _f._ =coach´-full=, _n._, carrossée; voiture pleine, _f._ =coach´-hire= (-haïeur), _n._, prix de louage, _m._ =coach´-house=, _n._, remise, _f._ =coach´ing=, _n._, voyage en voiture, _m._; (fig.) préparation aux examens, instruction, _f._ =coach´-maker= (-mék’-), _n._, carrossier, _m._ =coach´man= (-ma’n), _n._, cocher, _m._ =coach´-office=, _n._, bureau des voitures, des diligences, _m._ To be left at the —; _bureau restant_, _m._ =coach´-stand= (-sta’n’de), _n._, place, _ou_ station, de fiacres, _f._ =coac´tion=, _n._, coaction, _f._ =coact´ive=, _adj._, coactif. =coact´ively=, _adv._, par coercition. =coadju´tor= (cô-ad-jou-teur), _n._, coadjuteur, adjoint, collègue, collaborateur, _m._ =coadven´tur-er=, =-ess= (cô-ad-vè’n’tiour-), _n._, compagnon, _m._, compagne, _f._, d’aventure. =coa´gent= (-é’djè’n’te), _n._, aide, coopérateur, _m._ =coag´ulable= (-agh’iou-), _adj._, coagulable. =coag´ulate=, _v.a._ and _n._, coaguler; se coaguler. =coagula´tion=, _n._, coagulation, _f._ =coag´ulative=, _adj._, coagulant. =coal= (côl), _n._, charbon de terre, _m._; (tech.) houille, _f._ To carry —s to Newcastle; _porter de l’eau à la rivière_. To call over the —s; _mettre sur la sellette_. To haul over the —s; _blâmer_; _trouver à redire_ =à=. =coal=, _v.a._, charbonner. _v.n._, (of steamers) faire sa provision de charbon. =coal´-bed= (-bède), _n._, couche de houille, _f._ =coal´-black=, _adj._, noir comme du charbon. =coal´-box= (-bokse), _n._, boîte à charbon, _f._ =coal´-bunker=, _n._, soute à charbon. =coal´-cellar=, _n._, charbonnier, _m._ =coal´-cinders= (-ci’n’deurze), _n.pl._, escarbilles, _f.pl._ =coal´-drawing= (-drō-), _n._, extraction de la houille, _f._ =coal´-dust=, _n._, poussier de charbon, fraisil, _m._ =coal´ery= (-eur’-), _n._, (l.u.) houillère, _f._ =coalesce´= (-lèce), _v.n._, s’unir, se confondre, se fondre, s’allier; se fusionner. =coales´cence= (-lès’cè’n’ce), _n._, union, coalescence, adhésion, _f._ =coales´cent=, _adj._, coalescent. =coal´-field= (-fîlde), _n._, terrain houiller, _m._ =coal´-heaver= (-hîv’-), _n._, porteur de charbon de terre, _m._ =coal´-hole= (-hôl), _n._, (nav.) charbonnier, _m._; soute au charbon, _f._ =coal´-hood= (-houde), _n._, (orni.) bouvreuil, _m._ =coali´tion= (cô-a-lish’eune), _n._, coalition, _f._ =coal´-master= (-mâs’-), _n._, exploitant de houillère, _m._ =coal´-measure= (-mèj’eur), _n._, (min.) gisement houiller, _m._; formation houillère, _f._ =coal´-merchant= (-meur’tsha’n’te), _n._, marchand de charbon de terre, _m._ =coal´-mine= (-maïne), _n._, mine de houille, _f._ =coal´-miner=, _n._, houilleur, _m._ =coal´-scuttle= (-skeut’t’l), _n._, seau, panier, _m._, boite à charbon, _f._ =coal´-stone= (-stône), _n._, anthracite, _m._ =coal´-wharf= (-hwôrfe), _n._, dépôt de houille, _m._ =coal´-whipper= (-hwip’-), _n._, déchargeur de houille, _m._ =coal´-work= (-weurke), _n._, houillère, _f._ =coal´y=, _adj._, houilleux. =coapta´tion= (cô-ap-té-), _n._, adaptation, _f._; arrangement, _m._; (surg.) coaptation, _f._ =coarct´= _ou_ =coarct´ate= (cô-ârcte, -tête), _v.a._, (ant.) resserrer, rétrécir. =coarcta´tion= (-té-), _n._, (ant.) pression, contraction, contrainte, _f._ =coarse= (côrse), _adj._, gros, grossier. — grained; (of tissues, etc.) _à gros grain_; (of fabrics) _à gros poil_; (of wood) _à gros fil_. =coarse´ly=, _adv._, grossièrement. =coarse´ness=, _n._, grossièreté, _f._ =coast= (côste), côte, plage, _f._; rivage, littoral, _m._ The — is clear; _vous pouvez passer_; _il n’y a plus personne_. =coast=, _v.n._, suivre la côte; caboter, ranger _ou_ suivre la côte, côtoyer. =coast=, _v.a._, côtoyer. To — along; _côtoyer_. =coast´er=, _n._, cabotier, _m._ =coast´-guard= (-gârde), _n._, garde-côtes, _m._ =coast´ing=, _n._, cabotage, _m._ =coat= (côte), _n._, habit, _m._; (mas., paint.) couche; (of serpents) peau; (of some animals) robe; fourrure, _f._; poil, _m._; (her.) écusson, _m._, cotte; (anat.) paroi, tunique; (nav.) braie, _f._, suif, _m._ Frock —; _redingote_, _f._ Tail-—, dress-—; _habit_, _m._ Great —; _pardessus_, _paletot_, _m._; (mil.) _capote_, _f._ — tail; _basque_, _f._ — of mail; _cotte de mailles_, _f._ Cut your — according to your cloth; _selon ta bourse gouverne ta bouche_. To turn one’s —, to be a turn—; _tourner casaque_. =coat=, _v.a._, habiller; revêtir; enduire. =coat´ing=, _n._, étoffe pour habits, _f._; enduit, _m._; couche, _f._ Rough —; _crépi_, _m._ =coax= (côkse), _v.a._, amadouer, cajoler, enjôler. =coax´er=, _n._, cajoleur, enjôleur, amadoueur, _m._ =coax´ing=, _n._, cajolerie, _f._, enjôlement, _m._ =cob=, _n._, pince-maille, _m._; balle (of maize); (for feeding fowls) boulette; (orni.) mouette, _f._; (man.) petit cheval entier, _m._ =co´bail= (-béle), _n._, cofidéjusseur, _m._ =co´balt= (cô-bâlte), _n._, cobalt, _m._ =cob´ble= (cob’b’l), _v.a._, saveter, rapetasser. _n._, (boat) bateau pêcheur; (of stones) galet, _m.pl._, (of coals) gaillette, _f._; gailletin, _m._ =cob´bler=, _n._, savetier, _m._ —’s wax; _poix de cordonnier_, _f._ =cob´bling=, _n._, racommodage de souliers, _m._ =cob´nut=, _n._, aveline, _f._ =cob´web= (-wèbe), _n._, toile d’araignée, _f._ =co´calon= (cô-), _n._, gros cocon, _m._ =coc´cyx= (cok’sikse), _n._, coccyx, _m._ =coch´ineal= (cotsh’i-nîle), _n._, cochenille, _f._ =coch´lea= (cok’li-a), _n._, (anat.) limaçon, _m._ =cochlear´iform= _ou_ =coch´leary= (cok’li-ér’-, cok’li-a-), _adj._, en forme de vis; en spirale. =cochlea´ria=, _n._, cochléaria, _m._ =cock=, _n._, coq; (of small birds) mâle; (tap) robinet; (of fire-arms) chien; (of hats) retroussis; (of dials) style, _m._; (of a balance) aiguille, _f._; (of hay) tas, _m._; meule, _f._ Black —; _coq de bruyère_, _m._ Weather—; _girouette_, _f._ — and bull story; _coq-à-l’âne_, _conte à dormir debout_, _m._ — of the walk; _coq du village_, _m._ At full —; (of weapons) _armé._ At half —; _au repos_. =cock=, _v.a._, redresser, retrousser; relever; (fire-arms) armer; (hay) mettre en meule. =cockade´= (-éde), _n._, cocarde, _f._; signe, emblème, _m._ =cock-a-doo´dle-doo´= (cok-a-dou’d’l’dou), _n._, coquerico, _m._, cocorico, _m._ =cock´-a-hoop=, _adj._, triomphant. =cockatoo´= (-a-tou), _n._, kakatoès; cacatois, _m._ =cock´atrice= (-trice), _n._, basilic, _m._ =cock´boat= (-bôte), _n._, petit bateau, coquet, _m._ =cock´brained= (-bré’n’de), _adj._, étourdi, écervelé. =cock´ canary=, _n._, serin, _m._ =cock´chafer= (-tshéf’-), _n._, hanneton, _m._ =cock´-crow= (-crô), _n._, chant du coq, _m._ From —; _dès patron-minette_. =cocked= (cok’te), _adj._, (of hats) à cornes; (of fire-arms) armé. =cock´er=, _v.a._, (ant.) choyer, dorloter. =cock´et= (-ète), _n._, acquit, sceau de douane, _m._ =cock´fight= _ou_ =cock´fighting= (-faïte, -faït’-), _n._, combat de coqs, _m._; joute de coqs, _f._ =cock´-horse=, _n._, dada, _m._ =coc´kle= (cok’k’l), _n._, (conch.) bucarde, coque; (bot.) agrostide; (of corn) nielle, _f._ =coc´kle=, _v.a._ and _n._, recoquiller; se recoquiller; (of the sea) moutonner. =coc´kled= (cok’k’lde), _adj._, à coquille. =coc´kle-stairs= (-stèrze), _n._, escalier à vis, _m._ =cock´loft=, _n._, grenier, galetas, _m._ =cock´match=, _n._, joute de coqs, _f._ =cock´ney= (-ni), _n._, badaud de Londres, _m._ =cock´pit=, _n._, arène des combats de coqs, _f._; (nav.) poste des malades, _m._ =cock´roach= (-rôtshe), _n._, blatte, _f._ =cocks´-comb= (coks’kôme), _n._, crête de coq; (bot.) célosie à crête; crête-de-coq, amarante des jardiniers, _f._; (pers.) fat, freluquet, _m._ =cocks´head= (coks’hède), _n._, (bot.) sainfoin, _m._ =cock´-spur=, _n._, éperon de coq, ergot, _m._ =cock´-spur thorn=, _n._, alisier, _m._ =cock´sure= (kok’shioure), _adj._, sûr et certain. =cock´swain=. _V._ =coxswain=. =cock’s´ weed=, _n._, passerage, _f._ =cock´y=, _adj._, suffisant, vaniteux; qui fait l’important. =co´coa= (cô’cô), _n._, coco; cocotier; cacao en poudre, cacao, _m._ =co´coa-nut= (cô-cô-neute), _n._, coco, _m._; noix de coco, _f._, cocotier, _m._ =cocoon´= (co-coune), _n._, cocon, _m._ =coc´tion= (cok’-), _n._, coction, _f._ =cod= (code), _n._, (ich.) morue; (pod) cosse; (anat.) scrotum, _m._, bourses, _f.pl._ —-fish; _morue_, _f._ —-liver oil; _huile de foie de morue_, _f._ =cod´dle=, _v.a._, mitonner; câliner; dorloter, choyer. =code= (côde), _n._, code, _m._ =cod´ger=, _n._, bonhomme, original; butor, rustre; pingre, _m._ =cod´icil=, _n._, codicille, _m._ =codifica´tion=, _n._, codification. =cod´ify=, _v.a._, codifier. =cod´lin= _ou_ =cod´ling=, _n._, pomme à cuire, _f._ =cod´ling=, _n._, (ich.) petite morue, _f._ =coef´ficacy= (cô-èf’-), _n._, efficacité égale, _f._ =coeffi´ciency= (cô-èf-fish’è’n-), _n._, coopération, _f._; concours, _m._ =coeffi´cient=, _n._, coefficient, _m._ =coemp´tion=, _n._, coemption, _f._ =coengage´= (-è’n-ghédje), _v.a._, engager conjointement. =coenjoy´= (-è’n’djoï), _v.a._, jouir conjointement =de=. =coe´qual= (-î-kwōl), _adj._, égal, (theol.) coégal. =coequal´ity= (-î-kwōl’-), _n._, égalité, (theol.) coégalité, _f._ =coerce´= (cô-eurce), _v.a._, forcer, contraindre, réprimer. =coer´cible=, _adj._, qui peut être contraint. =coer´cion= (cô-eur-), _n._, coercition, _f._ =coer´cive=, _adj._, coercitif. =coer´cively=, _adv._, par coercition. =coessen´tial= (cô-ès’sè’n-shal), _adj._, (theol.) de même essence. =coessential´ity=, _n._, (theol.) communauté d’essence, _f._ =coeter´nal= (cô-i-teur-), _adj._, (theol.) coéternel. =coeter´nally=, _adv._, de toute éternité. =coeter´nity=, _n._, (theol.) coéternité, _f._ =coe´val= (cô-î-), _adj._, contemporain, du même âge. =coexist´=, _v.n._, coexister. =coexist´ence=, _n._, coexistence, _f._ =coexist´ent= _ou_ =coexist´ing=, _adj._, coexistant. =cof´fee= (cof-fi), _n._, café, _m._ — cup; _tasse à café_, _f._ — roaster; _brûloir à café_, _m._ — mill; _moulin à café_, _m._ =cof´fee-berry= (-bèr’-), _n._, grain, _m._, _ou_ fève, _f._, de café. =cof´fee-broker=, _n._, courtier en cafés, _m._ =cof´fee-grounds=, _n.pl._, marc de café, _m._ =cof´fee-house= (-haouce), _n._, café, _m._, crèmerie, _f._ — keeper; _cafetier_, _limonadier_, _m._ =cof´fee-plantation= (-pla’n’té-), caféière, _f._ =cof´fee-pot= (-pote), _n._, cafetière, _f._ =cof´fee-room= (-roume), _n._, salon d’hôtel, café, _m._ =cof´fee-service=, _n._, service à café, _m._ =cof´fee-tree= (-trî), _n._, caféier, cafier, _m._ =cof´fer=, _n._, coffre, coffret, _m._; caisse, cassette, _f._ =cof´fer=, _v.a._, encoffrer, encaisser. =cof´fer-dam=, _n._, batardeau, _m._ =cof´fin=, _n._, cercueil, _m._; bière, _f._ =cof´fin=, _v.a._, enfermer dans un cercueil. =cog=, _n._, dent, _f._; cran, _m._ —-wheel; _roue dentée_, _f._ — boat; _bateau pêcheur_, _m._ =cog=, _v.a._, cajoler; enjôler; (dice) piper; (tech.) garnir de dents, denter. =cog=, _v.n._, faire des cajoleries. =co´gency= (cô-djè’n-), _n._, force, puissance, _f._ =co´gent=, _adj._, puissant, fort. =co´gently=, _adv._, avec force. =cogged=, _adj._, denté, à dents; (of dice) pipé. =cog´ger= (cog-gheur), _n._, (l.u.) cajoleur, _m._, cajoleuse, _f._ =cog´itate= (codj’i-téte), _v.a._, penser =à=, ruminer =sur=. _v.n._, méditer. =cogita´tion=, _n._, réflexion, pensée, méditation, _f._ =cog´itative=, _adj._, pensif, réfléchi. =cog´nate= (cog-néte), _adj._, de la même famille; analogue, (jur.) cognat. =cogna´tion=, _n._, analogie; parenté; (jur.) cognation, _f._ =cogni´tion= (cog-nish’eune), _n._, connaissance, _f._ =cog´nitive=, _adj._, capable de savoir, de comprendre, de la compétence =de=. =cog´nizable= (cog-), _adj._, (jur.) du ressort =de=; de la compétence =de=. =cog´nizance= (cog-), _n._, marque, _f._; insigne, _m._; connaissance; (jur.) juridiction, compétence, _f._ =cog´nizant= (cog-), _adj._, instruit; (jur.) compétent. =cogno´men= (cog-nô-mène), _n._, surnom, nom de guerre, _m._ =cognom´inal=, _adj._, de surnom, homonyme. =cohab´it= (cô-), _v.n._, cohabiter. =cohabita´tion= (-té-), _n._, cohabitation, _f._ =co´heir= (cô-ère), _n._, cohéritier, _m._ =coheir´ess=, _n._, cohéritière, _f._ =cohere´= (cô-hîre), _v.n._, adhérer =à=; convenir =à=, concorder =avec=; être attaché =à=. =coher´ence= _ou_ =coher´ency=, _n._, cohésion, cohérence, _f._ =coher´ent=, _adj._, conséquent; cohérent, adhérent. =coher´ently=, _adv._, d’une manière cohérente. =cohesibil´ity= (cô-hi-), _n._, tendance à la cohésion, _f._ =cohe´sible=, _adj._, susceptible de cohésion. =cohe´sion= (cô-hi-jeune), _n._, cohésion, _f._ =cohe´sive= (-cive), _adj._, qui peut adhérer; gluant. =cohe´siveness=, _n._, cohésion, _f._ =co´hobate= (cô-), _v.n._, cohober. =cohoba´tion=, _n._, cohobation, _f._ =co´hort= (cô-), _n._, cohorte, _f._ =coif= (coïfe), _v.a._, coiffe, calotte, _f._ =coif=, _n._, coiffer. =coil= (coïl), _n._, (of hair) rouleau; (of serpents) repli, _m._; (nav.) glène, _f._ =coil=, _v.a._, replier, rouler, enrouler; (nav.) gléner, lever, rouer. =coil=, _v.n._, se replier, s’enrouler. =coin=, _n._, (money) monnaie; pièce de monnaie, _f._; coin, _m._ Base _ou_ counterfeit —; _fausse monnaie_. To pay any one back in his own —; _rendre à quelqu’un la monnaie de sa pièce_. =coin=, _v.a._, monnayer; (b.s.) forger, fabriquer, inventer. To — words; _faire_, _forger des mots_. To — money; _battre monnaie_; (fig.) _amasser de l’or_, _s’enrichir_. To — (into) money; _monnayer_. —ed money; _argent monnayé_, _m._ =coin´age= (coï’n’èdje), _n._, monnayage, _m._, monnaie; invention, fabrication, _f._ =coincide´= (cô-i’n-çaïde), _v.n._, s’accorder =avec=, coïncider =avec=, se rencontrer. =coin´cidence= (cô-i’n-ci-), _n._, coïncidence; rencontre, _f._; accord, hasard, _m._ =coin´cident=, _adj._, coïncident; d’accord. =coin´er= (coï’n-), _n._, monnayeur; (b.s.) faux monnayeur, _m._ =coin´ing-press= (-prèce), _n._, balancier monétaire, _m._ — tool; _outil de monnayeur_, _m._ =coit=, _n._ _V._ =quoit=. =coi´tion= (co-ish’eune), _n._, coït, _m._; conjonction, copulation, _f._ =coke= (côke), _n._, coke, _m._ — dust; _fraisil_, _m._ =col´ander=, _n._, passoire, _f._ =col´chicum= (-tshi-keume), _n._, colchique, _m._ =col´cothar= (-thar), _n._, colcotar, _m._ =cold= (côlde), _adj._, froid. To be —; _avoir froid_. To be — to (any one); _battre froid_ =à=. To grow —; _se refroidir_. =cold=, _n._, froid; (illness) rhume; refroidissement; frisson; catarrhe, _m._, froidure, _f._ To have a — in the head; _être enrhumé du cerveau_. To have a —; _être enrhumé_. To take —; _attraper un rhume_; _s’enrhumer_. In — blood; _de sang froid_; _prémédité_, _délibéré_. — bloodedness; _sang froid_, _m._ — chisel; _ciseau à froid_, _m._ — drawn; _étiré à froid_. — hearted; _froid_, _insensible_. — heartedness; _froideur_, _insensibilité_, _f._ — press, _v.a._; _satiner à froid_. — pressing; _satinage à froid_, _m._ — short (of metals); _cassant_. — water cure; _traitement médical par l’eau froide_, _m._ =cold´ish=, _adj._, un peu froid, frais. =cold´ly=, _adv._, froidement. To look — on any one; _battre froid_ =à= _quelqu’un_. =cold´ness=, _n._, froid, _m._; froideur, _f._ =cole= _ou_ =cole´wort= (côl, -weurte), _n._, chou, _m._ =coleop´ter=, _n._, coléoptère, _m._ =colessee´= (cô-lès’sî), _n._, (jur.) copreneur, _m._ =col´ic=, _n._, colique, _f._ =colise´um= (-si-eume), _n._ _V._ =colosse´um=. =collapse´= (col’lapse), _v.n._, s’affaisser; tomber ensemble; s’écrouler; s’ébouler, s’effondrer; (of balloons) se désenfler. =collapse´=, _n._, rapprochement; (med.) prostration, _f._; affaissement, écroulement, _m._, débâcle, _f._ =col´lar= (col’leur), _n._, collier; (of a shirt) col; (of a coat, a dress) collet, _m._; (for ladies) collerette; (arch.) ceinture, _f._ — of brawn; (butch.) _rouleau de sanglier_. Against the —; _à perte_, _à contre-cœur_. To slip the —; _s’échapper_; _devenir libre_. To take up the — again; _reprendre le collier_. To seize by the —; _saisir_ ou _prendre au collet_. =col´lar=, _v.a._, colleter, saisir, prendre au collet; (cook.) rouler; mettre un collier =à= (fig.). =col´lar-bone= (-bône), _n._, (anat.) clavicule, _f._ =col´lar-pin= (-pine), _n._, bouton à clavette, _m._ =collate´= (col’léte), _v.a._, collationner; comparer; (of livings) conférer. =collate´=, _v.n._, présenter à un bénéfice; user du droit de collation. =collat´eral= (-lat’eur-), _n._, (jur.) collatéral, _m._ =collat´eral=, _adj._, collatéral; côte à côte; indirect, parallèle, additionnel. =collat´erally=, _adv._, en ligne collatérale; indirectement, côte à côte. =colla´tion= (-’lé-), _n._, collation; comparaison, _f._, don, présent, _m._; (repast) collation, _f._ =colla´tor= (-’lé-teur), _n._, celui qui compare; collateur, _m._ =col´league= (-’lîghe), _n._, collègue, _m._ =col´league=, _v.a._, adjoindre; unir =à=. =col´lect= (col’lècte), _n._, collecte; quête, _f._ =collect´=, _v.a._, recueillir; ramasser, rassembler, collectionner; (taxes) percevoir; (debts) recouvrer; (charity) quêter; faire la levée (des lettres); inférer, déduire. To — one’s self; _se recueillir_, _se remettre_, _se calmer_. =collect´=, _v.n._, s’amasser, s’entasser. =collecta´neous= (col’lèc’té-ni-), _adj._, recueilli, amassé. =collect´ed= (-’ède), _adj._, rassemblé, réuni; calme, tranquille; recueilli. =collect´edly=, _adv._, ensemble; avec calme, avec recueillement. =collect´edness=, _n._, recueillement, calme; sang-froid, _m._ =collec´tion=, _n._, assemblage, rassemblement, _m._; collection; collecte, quête; reception; (postal) levée, _f._; recouvrement, _m._ =collec´tive=, _adj._, collectif. =collec´tively=, _adv._, collectivement. =collec´tor= (-teur), _n._, collecteur, receveur; (of curios) collectionneur; (of taxes) percepteur; compilateur; (for charity) quêteur, _m._ =collec´torship=, _n._, charge de percepteur, de receveur; perception, recette, _f._ =col´lege= (col’lèdje), _n._, collège, lycée, _m._, société, _f._ — of physicians; _faculté de médecine_, _f._ — of priests; _séminaire_, _m._ =colle´gial= (col-lî’djial), _adj._, collégial. =colle´gian= (-djia’n), _n._, collégien, _m._ =colle´giate= (-djiéte), _adj._, de collège; collégial. — school; _institution_, _f._ =col´let= (col’lète), _n._, (tech.) collet, _m._ =collide´=, _v.n._, heurter contre; se heurter; s’entrechoquer; se rencontrer; (nav.) s’aborder. =collid´ing=, _n._, collision, _f._, choc, _m._ =col´lier= (col’lieur), _n._, houilleur; (nav.) charbonnier; (ship) vaisseau charbonnier, _m._ =col´liery=, _n._, houillère, _f._ =col´ligate= (col’li-ghéte), _v.a._, (ant.) lier _ou_ attacher ensemble. =colli´sion= (-lijeune), _n._, collision, _f._, choc, _m._, (nav.) abordage, _m._ To come into — with; _heurter_ =contre=, _rencontrer_; (nav.) _aborder_. =col´locate= (col’lo-kéte), _v.a._, placer; (jur.) colloquer. =colloca´tion= (-ké-), _n._, placement, _m._; place, _f._ =col´lop= (col’lope), _n._, tranche de viande; escalope; grillade, _f._ =collo´quial= (-’lô’kwi-al), _adj._, dialogué, de conversation, familier. =col´loquy= (col-lô-kwi), _n._, colloque, entretien, _m._ =collude´= (col-lioude), _v.n._, (jur.) colluder, être d’intelligence. =collud´er=, _n._, complice, _m._ =collu´sion= (col’liou’jeune), _n._, collusion, connivence, entente secrète, _f._ =collu´sive= (col’liou’cive), _adj._, collusoire. =collu´sively=, _adv._, collusoirement. =col´ly=, _n._, suie, _f._ =col´ly=, _v.a._, noircir, barbouiller avec de la suie. =colly´rium= (-eume), _n._, collyre, _m._ =col´ocynth= (-ci’n’th), _n._, (bot.) coloquinte, _f._ =co´lon= (cô-), _n._, (anat.) colon, _m._; (gram.) deux points, _m.pl._ =colo´nel= (keur’n’l), _n._, colonel, _m._ =colo´nelcy= _ou_ =colo´nelship= (keur-), _n._, grade de colonel, _m._ =colo´nial=, _adj._, colonial. =col´onist=, _n._, colon, _m._ =coloniza´tion= (-naï-zé-), _n._, colonisation, _f._ =col´onize= (-naïze), _v.a._, coloniser. To become —d; _se coloniser_. =colonnade´= (-néde), _n._, colonnade, _f._ =col´ony=, _n._, colonie, _f._ =col´ophony=, _n._, colophane, _f._ =coloquint´ida= (-kwi’n’-), _n._, coloquinte, _f._ =Colora´do-bee´tle=, _n._, doryphore, _f._ =col´orate=, _adj._, (ant.) coloré; teint. =colos´sal=, _adj._, colossal. =colosse´um= (-’sî-eume), _n._, Colisée, _m._ =colos´sus= (-ceusse), _n._, (colossi) colosse, _m._ =col´or= (keul’leur), _n._, couleur; (fig.) ombre, apparence, _f._, (painting) coloris, prétexte; (house-painting) badigeon, _m.pl._, (milit.) drapeau; (nav.) pavillon, _m._ Man of —; _négre_, _m._ Off —; _qui a perdu son brillant_ (of gems). To fear no —s; _ne pas craindre d’ennemi_. With flying —s; _à enseignes déployées_. To lend — to; (of anything) _sembler justifier_. =col´or-blind=, _adj._, affecté de daltonisme. =col´or-blindness=, _n._, daltonisme, _m._ =col´or=, _v.a._, colorer; colorier; enluminer; badigeonner; nuancer; culotter (une pipe). =col´or=, _v.n._, (of persons) rougir; (of things) se colorer; (of pipes) se culotter. =col´orable=, _adj._, plausible, spécieux. =col´ored= (keul’leurde), _adj._, coloré, colorié, enluminé; nuancé. =col´oring=, _n._, coloris, _m._; couleur, _f._; badigeonnage, (fig.) prétexte, _m._ =col´orist=, _n._, coloriste, _m._ =col´orless=, _adj._, sans couleur, incolore; (of style) terne, pâle. =col´or-sergeant=, _n._, porte-drapeau, _m._ =colt= (côlte), _n._, poulain, novice, _m._ —’s-foot; _pas-dâne_, _m._ —’s-tooth; _dent de lait_, _f._ =col´umbine= (col’eu’m’baïne), _adj._, de pigeon; gorge-de-pigeon. =col´umbine=, _n._, (thea.) Colombine; (bot.) aquilégie, herbe de lion, ancolie, _f._; gant de Notre-Dame, _m._ =colum´bo=, _n._ _V._ =calumba=. =col´umn= (col’leume), _n._, colonne, _f._ =colum´nar= (kol’leu’m’-neur), _adj._, en colonne. =col´umned=, _adj._, à colonnes. =colure´= (-lioure), _n._, colure, _m._ =col´za=, _n._, colza, _m._ =co´ma= (cô-), _n._, (med.) coma, assoupissement, _m._; (astron.) chevelure, _f._ =co´-mate= (cô-méte), _n._, compagnon, camarade, compère, _m._ =co´matose= _ou_ =co´matous= (-tôss, -teusse), _adj._, comateux. =comb= (côme), _n._, peigne, _m._; (of horses) étrille, _f._; (of a cock) crête, _f._ (of honey) rayon, _m._ Large tooth —; _démêloir_, _m._ Small —; _peigne fin_, _m._ — bag; _porte-peigne_, _m._ =comb=, _v.a._, peigner; (a horse) étriller. =com´bat= (keu’m’- _ou_ co’m’-), _n._, combat, _m._ =com´bat=, _v.a._, and _n._, combattre. =com´batant=, _n._, combattant, _m._ =comb´er= (côm’eur), _n._, peigneur, _m._ =combina´tion= (-bi-né-), _n._, combinaison; union, association, cabale, ligue, coalition, _f._; concours de circonstances, _m._ =combine´= (-baïne), _v.a._, combiner; réunir; coaliser; allier, liguer. =combine´=, _v.n._, se combiner =à=, se coaliser =avec=, se liguer, s’allier =à=, s’unir =à=. —d movement; _mouvement d’ensemble_, _m._ =comb´ing=, _n._, action de peigner, _f._, (tech.) peignage, _m._ =comb´less= (côm’lèce), _adj._, sans crête. =comb´-maker= (-mék’-), _n._, peignier, fabricant de peignes, _m._ =combust´ible= (-beus’-), _adj._, combustible. =combustibil´ity=, _n._, combustibilité, _f._ =combus´tion= (-beust’ieune), _n._, combustion; conflagration, _f._; embrasement, _m._ =come= (keume), _v.n._, (_preterit_, Came; _past part._, Come) venir. To — about; _arriver_, _survenir_. To — after; _venir après_; _suivre_; _venir chercher_. To — again; _venir de nouveau_; _revenir_. To — against; _heurter_, _frapper_. To — asunder; _se détacher_. To — at; _arriver_ =jusqu’à=; _s’aboucher_ =avec=. To — away; _partir_; _venir_. To — back; _revenir_. To — between; _intervenir_, _s’interposer_. To — by; _venir_ =par=; _passer_ =par=; _entrer en possession_ =de=. To — down; _descendre_. To — down to; _arriver_ =jusqu’à=; _être transmis_, _descendre_ =à=. To — down upon; _tomber dessus_. To — home; _rentrer_. To — for; _venir_ =pour=, _venir chercher_. To — forward; _s’avancer_; _se présenter_. To — in; _entrer_; _arriver_; (of the tide) _monter_. To — in again; _rentrer_. To — in for; (property) _hériter_ =de=; _entrer_ =pour=, _entrer pour chercher_. To — in and out; _entrer et sortir_. To — next; _suivre immédiatement_. To — of; _résulter_ =de=; _provenir_ =de=; _venir_ =de=. To — off; (fig.) _se détacher_, _s’enlever_; _réussir_; _se dégager_ =de=. To — off with; _en être quitte_ =pour=. To — off victorious; _remporter la victoire_, _gagner la journée_. To — on; _s’avancer_; _arriver_; _avoir lieu_. To — out; _sortir_; _se déclarer_; (of the hair) _tomber_; (of the stars) _se montrer_, _paraître_; (of stains) _s’effacer_, _disparaître_; (of difficulty) _se tirer d’affaire_, _s’en tirer_; (of society, etc.) _débuter_, _se lancer_; (of books) _paraître_, _être publié_. Just — out; _vient de paraître_. To — out again; _ressortir_. To — out with; _lâcher_; _dire_, _laisser échapper_. To — round; _venir_; _arriver_; (of health) _se remettre_, _se rétablir_, _revenir à soi_. To — to; _se remettre_, _recouvrer ses sens_, _reprendre connaissance_. To — to the same; _revenir au même_. To — to terms; _en venir à un arrangement_. — what may; _advienne que pourra_. To — together; _venir ensemble_; _se réunir_. To — under; _être compris_ =sous=; _être soumis_ =à=. To — undone, unsewed; _se défaire_, _se découdre_. How —s it that; _comment se fait-il que_. To — up; _monter_; _s’élever_. To — upon; _se précipiter_ =sur=. To — up with; _atteindre_, _attraper_. =come´dian= (-mî-) _n._, comédien, _m._, comédienne, _f._; comique, acteur, _m._ =com´edy=, _n._, comédie, _f._ =come´liness= (keu’m’-), _n._, beauté, grâce, _f._; agréments, _m.pl._ =come´ly=, _adj._, avenant; beau; bienséant, convenable, digne. =come´ly=, _adv._, avec convenance. =come´ off= (keum’ōfe), _n._, défaite, évasion, échappatoire, _f._; faux-fuyant, _m._ =com´er= (keum’eur), _n._, venant; venu, _m._, venue, _f._ New —; _nouveau venu_. First —; _premier venu_. =com´et= (com’ète), _n._, comète, _f._ =com´etary= _ou_ =comet´ic=, _adj._, cométaire. =com´fit= (keu’m’-), _n._, dragée, _f._ =com´fort= (keum’feurte), _n._, aisance, aise, _f._; bien-être; agrément; soulagement, _m._; consolation, _f._ To be of good —, to take —; _prendre courage_; _se consoler_. To like one’s —s; _aimer ses aises_; _aimer le confortable_. =com´fort=, _v.a._, conforter, soulager; consoler; encourager. =com´fortable=, _adj._, (pers.) à son aise; rassis, posé, qui jouit de son bien-être; (of things) agréable, bon, confortable, commode, consolant. To make —; _cajoler_, _gâter_, _mettre bien_. To make one’s self —; _se mettre à son aise_, _prendre ses aises_; _se donner du bien-être_. =com´fortably=, _adv._, à son aise, agréablement, avec aisance, confortablement, commodément. =com´forter= (keum’feurt’eur), _n._, consolateur (Holy Ghost), _m._; consolatrice, _f._; (kerchief) cache-nez de laine, _m._ =com´fortless=, _adj._, sans agrément; sans consolation; désolé, triste; inconsolable. =com´fortlessly=, _adv._, incommodément, mal, mal à son aise; (fig.) inconsolablement, tristement. =com´fortlessness=, _n._, incommodité; gêne, _f._, malaise, _m._ =com´frey= (keum’fri), _n._, (bot.) consoude, _f._ =com´ic= _ou_ =com´ical=, _adj._, comique, drôle. =com´ically=, _adv._, comiquement. =com´icalness=, _n._, caractère comique, _m._ =com´ing= (keum’-), _n._, venue; arrivée, approche, _f._ — in; _entrée_, _f._ =com´ing=, _adj._, qui arrive, qui vient; arrivant; à venir; prochain. I am —; _je viens_; _on y va!_; _voilà! voilà!_ =comi´tia=, _n.pl._, comices, _m.pl._ =comi´tial=, _adj._, de comices. =com´ity=, _n._, politesse, courtoisie, urbanité, _f._ The — of nations; _l’accord entre les nations_ (as regards the laws, conventions, etc.). =com´ma= (com’ma), _n._, virgule, _f._; (mus.) comma, _m._ Inverted —; _guillemet_, _m._ =command´= (com’mâ’n’de), _n._, commandement; pouvoir, empire, _m._; autorité; connaissance, facilité, _f._ To have the — of words; _avoir une grande facilité d’expression_. To — a view; _dominer le paysage_. Word of —; (mil.) _commandement_. To give the word of —; _commander_. At —; _à sa disposition_. Yours to —; _à vos ordres_ ou _votre obéissant serviteur_. To be at any one’s —; _être aux ordres de quelqu’un_. =command´=, _v.a._, commander; avoir à sa disposition; posséder; (of respect) commander, inspirer; (to impose) imposer; (a view) dominer. =commandant´=, _n._, commandant, _m._ =command´er=, _n._, commandant; (of knighthood) commandeur; (nav.) capitaine de frégate, _m._ — in chief; _généralissime_, _général en chef_, _m._; (tech.) (for paving) _demoiselle_, _f._ =command´ing=, _adj._, commandant; imposant; (overlooking) dominant; (authoritative) impérieux, d’autorité. =command´ingly=, _adv._, d’une manière imposante; avec autorité. =command´ment=, _n._, commandement, ordre, précepte, _m._ =commeas´urable=, _adj._, ayant une commune mesure; égal; proportionnel; commensurable. =commem´orable= (-mèm’-), _adj._, notable, mémorable. =commem´orate=, _v.a._, célébrer, solenniser; commémorer. =commemora´tion= (-ré-), _n._, souvenir, _m._; mémoire; commémoration; solennisation, _f._ =commem´orative= _ou_ =commem´oratory= (-tori), _adj._, commémoratif. =commence´= (com’mè’n’ce), _v.a._, commencer. To — one’s duties; _entrer en fonctions_. =commence´=, _v.n._, commencer, débuter comme. =commence´ment=, _n._, commencement, début, _m._, origine, _f._ =commend´= (com’mè’n’de), _v.a._, approuver, louer; recommander; recommander au souvenir =de;= commettre =à=, confier =à=. =commend´able=, _adj._, louable; recommandable. =commend´ableness=, _n._, qualité d’être louable, _f._; mérite, _m._ =commend´ably=, _adv._, d’une manière louable. =commen´dam=, _n._, (ecc.) commende, _f._; bénéfice par intérim, _m._ =commend´atary=, _n._, ecclésiastique commendataire, _m._ =commenda´tion= (-dé-sheune), _n._, éloge, _m._; louange, recommandation, _f._ Worthy of the highest —; _digne des plus grands éloges_. =commend´atory= (-tori), _adj._, de recommandation; d’éloges; commendataire. =commend´er=, _n._, panégyriste, _m._ =commen´sal=, _n._, commensal, _m._ =commensurabil´ity= (-mè’n’siou-), _n._, commensurabilité, _f._ =commen´surable=, _adj._, commensurable. =commen´surate=, _adj._, réductible à une mesure commune; proportionnel, égal; proportionné =à=, en rapport =avec=; (of measure, of space) commensurable. =commen´surate=, _v.a._, réduire à une mesure commune; proportionner; mesurer. =commen´surately=, _adv._, proportionnellement, proportionnément, dans d’égales proportions. =commensura´tion=, _n._, commensurabilité, _f._ =com´ment=, _n._, commentaire, _m._ =comment´= _ou_ =com´mentate=, _v.n._, commenter. =com´mentary=, _n._, commentaire, _m._ =com´mentator= (-té-teur), _n._, commentateur, _m._ =comment´er=, _n._, annotateur, _m._ =commenti´tious= (-tish’eusse), _adj._, inventé, imaginaire. =com´merce= (com’meurce), _n._, commerce; échange, _m._ =commer´cial= (-’meur’shal), _adj._, commercial, commerçant. — treaty; _traité de commerce_, _m._ — navigation; _commerce maritime_, _m._ — house; _maison_, _f._ — law; _droit commercial_, _m._ — traveler; _commis voyageur_, _m._ — broker; _courtier de commerce_, _m._ — dictionary; _dictionnaire de commerce_, _m._ — harbor; _port marchand_, _port de commerce_, _m._ =commer´cially=, _adv._, commercialement. =commina´tion= (-né-), _n._, menace; (rhet.) commination, _f._ =commin´atory= (-teuri), _adj._, comminatoire, menaçant. =commin´gle= (-mign’g’l), _v.a._, mêler ensemble; mêler, confondre. =commin´gle=, _v.n._, se mêler ensemble, _ou_ =avec=; se confondre; se fondre =dans=, _ou_ =en=. =com´minute= (-nioute), _v.a._, réduire en petits fragments. =comminu´tion= (-niou-), _n._, pulvérisation, _f._ =commis´erable= (-miz’eur’-), _adj._, (l.u.) digne de commisération. =commis´erate= (-miz’eur-), _v.a._, avoir de la commisération =pour=; plaindre, avoir compassion =de=; avoir pitié =de=. =commisera´tion= (-miz’eur’é-), _n._, commisération, _f._ =commis´erator= (-teur), _n._, personne qui a de la commisération, _f._ =commissa´riat= (-cé-ri-ate), _n._, commissariat, _m._; commissaires des vivres, _m.pl._; intendance, _f._ =com´missary=, _n._, commissaire, intendant, _m._ =com´missaryship=, _n._, commissariat, _m._ =commis´sion= (-mish’eune), _n._, commission, _f._; (com.) courtage; (milit.) brevet; (jur.) mandat, _m._; (of faults) commission, _f._ — of a crime; _perpétration d’un crime_, _f._ — agent; _commissionnaire en marchandises_, _m._ On —; _à commission_. Sin of —; _péché de commission_, _m._ To throw up one’s —; _donner sa démission_. =commis´sion=, _v.a._, charger =de=, commissionner; autoriser =à=, déléguer; donner pouvoir =à=. =commis´sioner= (-mish’eu’n’eur), _n._, commissaire, commissionnaire, _m._ — in bankruptcy; _juge-commissaire de faillite_, _m._ Chief — of police; _préfet de police_, _m._ =commis´sionership=, _n._, commissariat, _m._ =com´missure= (-mish’ioure), _n._, (anat.) commissure, _f._ =commit´=, _v.a._, commettre; confier =à=; livrer, entraîner; engager, lier; mettre; envoyer en prison. To —; (a bill) _renvoyer à une commission_. To — to memory; _apprendre par cœur_, _graver dans sa mémoire_. To — for trial; _délivrer un mandat de dépôt_ =contre=. To — one’s self; _se commettre_; _se compromettre_. =commit´ment=, _n._, perpétration, _f._; emprisonnement; mandat de dépôt; (parl.) renvoi à une commission, _m._ =commit´tee= (-mit’tî), _n._, comité, _m._; (in parliament) commission, _f._ — room; _salle de commission_, _f._ Select —; _commission d’enquête_. _f._ To go into —; (of the House of Commons) _se former en comité_. To call a — of the whole House; _demander le comité secret_. =commit´teeship=, _n._, curatelle, tutelle, _f._ =commit´ter=, _n._, auteur =de=, _m._ =commode´= (com’môde), _n._, ancienne coiffure de femme; baigneuse, commode, _f._; buffet à étagère, _m._ Night —; _chaise percée_, _f._ =commo´dious= (-mô-), _adj._, commode; utile; confortable. =commo´diously= (-mô-), _adv._, commodément; utilement, confortablement. =commo´diousness= (-mô-), _n._, commodité, _f._; avantage, _m._ =commod´ity=, _n._, commodité; marchandise, denrée, _f._; profit, avantage; produit, _m._ =com´modore= (-dôre), _n._, commodore; chef de division; bâtiment convoyeur, _m._ =com´mon=, _adj._, commun; ordinaire; vulgaire; trivial; simple. — people; _menu peuple_, _m._ — soldier; _simple soldat_, _m._ — law; _droit coutumier_, _droit commun_, _m._ — prayer (book of); _liturgie anglicane_, _f._ — sense; _sens commun_, _m._ =com´mon=, _n._, commune, _f._; communal, _m._, (jur.) vaine pâture, _f._; terrain vague, _m._; lande, _f._ In —; _en commun_. To have nothing in — with; _n’avoir rien de commun_ =avec=. To live in —; _faire maison commune_. To be on short —s; _être à la ration_. To put on short —s; _mettre à la ration_, _rationner_. =com´mon=, _v.n._, vivre en commun. =com´monable=, _adj._, du domaine public; pour lequel le droit de vaine pâture est admis. =com´monage= (-édje), _n._, droit de vaine pâture; droit d’usage, _m._ =com´monalty=, _n._, bourgeoisie, _f._ =com´mon-council=, _n._, conseil municipal, _m._ =com´mon-councilor=, _n._, conseiller municipal, _m._ =com´moner=, _n._, membre de la Chambre des Communes; bourgeois; (b.s.) roturier, _m._; personne qui jouit du droit d’usage, du droit de vaine pâture, _f._; (at the university) étudiant sans bourse. =commoni´tion=, _n._, (ant.) avertissement, _m._ =com´monly=, _adv._, ordinairement, communément. =com´monness=, _n._, participation (l.u.); généralité, fréquence; jouissance en commun, _f._ =com´monplace= (-pléce), _adj._, banal, commun, trivial, terre à terre. — pedant; _pédant vulgaire_, _m._ =com´monplace=, _n._, lieu commun; résumé, _m._; note, _f._, banalité, _f._ =com´monplace=, _v.a._, résumer, rendre en peu de mots. =com´mons= (-meu’n’ze), _n._, ordinaire, _m._; table, nourriture en commun; Chambre des Communes; bourgeoisie, _f._ =com´mon-sailor=, _n._, simple matelot, _m._ =com´mon-sewer=, _n._, égout public, _m._ =commonweal´= (-wîle), _n._, bien public, _m._ =commonwealth´= (-wèlth), _n._, chose publique, république, _f._; état, gouvernement, _m._ =commo´tion= (-mô-), _n._, commotion, _f._ =com´mune=, _n._, commune, _f._ =commune´= (-mioune), _v.n._, conférer, parler; converser, s’entretenir. To — with one’s self; _se recueillir_. =commu´nicable= (-miou-), _adj._, communicable; qu’on peut communiquer. =commu´nicant= (-miou-), _n._, communiant, _m._, communiante, _f._ =commu´nicate= (-miou-), _v.a._, communiquer, faire connaître, faire part =de=. =commu´nicate=, _v.n._, communiquer; se communiquer; correspondre; (ecc.) communier. =communica´tion= (-miou-ni-ké-), _n._, communication, _f._ =commun´icative=, _adj._, communicatif. =commun´icativeness=, _n._, caractère communicatif, _m._ =commun´ion= (-miou’n’ieune), _n._, communion, _f._; commerce, _m._; relations, _f.pl._ — cup; calice, _m._ — table; _sainte table_, _f._ =commun´ion-service= (-seur-), _n._, office du saint sacrement, _m._ =commu´nity= (-miou-), _n._, communauté, société, _f._, public; état, _m._; classe, _f._ =commutabil´ity= (-miou-), _n._, permutabilité; (jur.) commuabilité, _f._ =commut´able= (-miou-), _adj._, permutable, échangeable; (jur.) commuable. =commuta´tion= (-miou-té-), _n._, commutation, permutation, _f._; échange, _m._; (jur.) commuation, _f._ =commu´tative= (-miou-té-), _adj._, commutatif. =commute´= (-mioute), _v.a._, échanger; changer; (jur.) commuer, racheter. =commute´=, _v.n._, tenir lieu =de=. =com´pact=, _n._, pacte; contrat, _m._; convention, _f._ =com´pact=, _adj._, compact; serré; lié; uni, concis. =compact´=, _v.a._, rendre compact; unir, condenser. =compact´ly=, _adv._, d’une manière serrée; brièvement; (of style) avec concision. =compact´ness=, _n._, caractère compact, _m._; (phys.) compacité, densité, _f._ =compan´ion=, _n._, compagnon, _m._, compagne, _f._; camarade, _m.f._; (to a lady) dame de compagnie, demoiselle de compagnie, _f._; (furniture) pendant, _m._; (nav.) capot d’échelle, _m._ — ladder; (nav.) _échelle de dunette_, _f._ =compan´ionable=, _adj._, sociable; d’un commerce facile. =compan´ionableness=, _n._, sociabilité, _f._ =compan´ionably=, _adj._, sociablement. =compan´ionship=, _n._, camaraderie; compagnie, société, _f._ =com´pany=, _n._, compagnie; société, corporation, _f._; monde, entourage, _m._; (of actors) troupe, _f._; (nav.) équipage, _m._ Joint-stock —; _société par actions_, _société anonyme_. We have — to-day; _nous avons du monde aujourd’hui_. To bear —; _accompagner_; _tenir compagnie_ =à=. To keep — with; _fréquenter_; (to court) _faire la cour_ =à=. To keep —; _voir du monde_. To sail in —; (nav.) _aller_ ou _naviguer de conserve_. To keep good _ou_ bad —; _fréquenter la bonne_ ou _la mauvaise compagnie_. To part —; _se séparer_. To request the — of, at dinner, etc.; _inviter à (venir) dîner_, etc. =com´parable=, _adj._, comparable. =compar´ative=, _adj._, comparatif, relatif; du comparatif. =compar´ative=, _n._, comparatif, _m._ =compar´atively=, _adv._, comparativement, relativement. =compare´= (-père), _v.a._, comparer; (of accounts) confronter. _v.n._, rivaliser =avec=; le disputer =à=. Compared with; _en comparaison_ =de=, _auprès_ =de=. =compar´ison= (-ceune), _n._, comparaison, _f._ In — with; _auprès_ =de=; _en comparaison_ =de=. Beyond —; _sans comparaison_, _sans contredit_. —s are odious; _toute comparaison cloche_ (ou _pèche_). =compart´ment=, _n._, compartiment, _m._; subdivision d’un bâtiment; partie d’un terrain, d’un dessin, _f._ =com´pass= (keu’m’-), _n._, enceinte, _f._; cercle, _m._; (fig.) sphère, étendue, _f._; (nav.) compas de route, _m._, boussole; (reach) portée; (of the voice) étendue, _f._ Within —; _avec modération_, _sans exagération_. To keep within —; _retenir dans de justes bornes_. _v.n._, _observer les convenances_, _se tenir dans de justes limites_. —-card; _rose des vents_, _f._ —-needle; _aiguille de boussole_, _f._ =com´pass= (keu’m’-), _v.a._, faire le tour =de=; environner; assiéger; venir à bout =de=, embrasser; méditer, imaginer, accomplir. To — any one’s ruin; _comploter la ruine de quelqu’un_. =com´passes= (keu’m’pass’ize), _n.pl._, compas, _m.sing._ =compas´sion= (ko’m’pash’eune), _n._, compassion, pitié, _f._ =compas´sionate=, _adj._, compatissant. =compas´sionate=, _v.a._, compatir =à=; avoir pitié =de=. =compas´sionately=, _adv._, avec pitié. =compater´nity=, _n._, compérage, _m._ =compatibil´ity=, _n._, compatibilité, _f._ =compat´ible=, _adj._, compatible =avec=. =compat´ibleness=, _n._, compatibilité. =compat´ibly=, _adv._, d’une manière compatible. =compa´triot= (-pé-), _n._, compatriote, _m.f._ =compeer´= (-pîre), _n._, égal, pair, compagnon, _m._, compagne, _f._; confrère, compère, _m._ =compel´= (-pèle), _v.a._, contraindre =de=; forcer =de=; obliger =à= _or_ =de=. =compel´lable= (-pèl’lab’l), _adj._, (jur.) contraignable; qu’on peut forcer. =compel´lably=, _adv._, par force. =compel´ler=, _n._, personne qui contraint, _f._ =compend´ious=, _adj._, raccourci, abrégé, concis, compact. =compend´iously=, _adv._, brièvement, en abrégé, en raccourci, compendieusement. =compend´iousness=, _n._, brièveté, concision, _f._ =compend´ium= (-pè’n’di-eume), _n._, compendium, abrégé, précis, épitomé, _m._ =compen´sable=, _adj._, (ant.) compensable. =com´pensate= (-séte), _v.a._, compenser =de=; dédommager =de=. =com´pensate=, _v.n._, se compenser. =compensa´tion= (-se-), _n._, compensation, _f._ — balance; (horl.) _balancier compensateur_, _m._ =compen´sative= _ou_ =compen´satory= (-tori), _adj._, compensatoire, compensateur. =compete´= (-pîte), _v.n._, concourir; rivaliser =avec=; disputer =à=; faire concurrence =à=; être en concurrence =avec=. To — for; _concourir_ =pour=, _disputer_ =à=. =com´petence= _ou_ =com´petency= (-pi-), _n._, capacité, aptitude; (jur.) compétence; (fortune) aisance, _f._ To have a —; _avoir de quoi vivre_. =com´petent= (-pi-), _adj._, compétent; raisonnable; suffisant; convenable. To be — to fill; _être à la hauteur_ =de=; _être capable de remplir_. =com´petently=, _adv._, convenablement; suffisamment; raisonnablement. =competi´tion= (-pi-tish’-), _n._, (of commerce) concurrence, _f._; (for a prize, a place) concours, _m._ To offer for —; _mettre au concours_. =compet´itor= (-teur), _n._, compétiteur; concurrent, rival, _m._ =compila´tion= (-paï-lé-), _n._, compilation, _f._, recueil, _m._ =compile´= (-païle), _v.a._, compiler, composer. =compi´ler=, _n._, compilateur, _m._ =compla´cence= _ou_ =compla´cency= (-plé-), _n._, plaisir, _m._; satisfaction; complaisance, _f._ =compla´cent= (-plé-), _adj._, de complaisance. =compla´cently=, _adv._, avec complaisance. =complain´= (-plé’ne), _v.n._, se plaindre. =complain´ant=, _n._, plaignant, _m._, plaignante, _f._; demandeur, _m._, demanderesse, _f._ =complain´er=, _n._, personne qui se plaint, _f._ =complaint´= (-plé’n’te), _n._, plainte; (illness) maladie, _f._; grief, _m._; (admin.) réclamation, _f._ Cause of —; _sujet de plainte_, _m._ =com´plaisance= (-za’n’ce), _n._, complaisance, _f._ =com´plaisant=, _adj._, complaisant. =com´plaisantly=, _adv._, complaisamment. =com´plement= (-pli-), _n._, complément; (fig.) ornement, _m._ Full —; (nav., mil.) _grand complet_, _m._ To have one’s full —; _être au grand complet_. =complement´al=, _adj._ complémentaire. =complete´= (-plîte), _adj._, complet, achevé; accompli, parfait. =complete´=, _v.a._, compléter, achever; accomplir; réaliser, mettre le comble =à=. =complete´ly=, _adv._, complètement. =complete´ness= (-plît’-), _n._, caractère complet, _m._; perfection, _f._ =comple´tion= (-plî-), _n._, achèvement, accomplissement, _m._, perfection, _f._ =com´pletories=, _n.pl._, (rel.) complies, _f.pl._ =com´pletory= (-plî-), _adj._, qui accomplit. =com´plex= (-plèkse), _adj._, complexe, compliqué; (arith.) composé. =complex´edness=, _n._, complication, _f._ =complex´ion= (-plèk’sheune), _n._, teint, _m._; couleur, _f._; (med.) tempérament, _m._; complexion, _f._; (fig.) caractère, _m._ To put a different — upon; _voir sous un autre jour_. =complex´ional=, _adj._, de tempérament. =complex´ionally=, _adv._, par le tempérament. =complex´ity= _ou_ =com´plexness= (-plèks’-), _n._, complexité, complication, _f._ =com´plexly=, _adv._, d’une manière complexe. =compli´ance= (-plaï’-), consentement, acquiescement, _m._; complaisance; condescendance, _f._ In — with; _conformément_ =à=, _suivant_. =compli´ant=, _adj._, soumis; souple, flexible; complaisant, accommodant. =compli´antly=, _adv._, avec complaisance, avec soumission. =com´plicate=, _v.a._, compliquer; embrouiller; composer. To — matters; _pour compliquer l’affaire_. =com´plicated= (-pli-), _adj._, compliqué. To become —; _se compliquer_. =complica´tion= (-pli-ké-), _n._, complication, _f._ =compli´er= (-plaï’eur), _n._, complaisant, _m._; qui se plie facilement. =com´pliment=, _n._, compliment; présent, cadeau, _m._; gracieuseté, galanterie, _f.pl._, salutations, _f.pl._ With the author’s —s; _respectueux hommages de l’auteur_, _m.pl._ —s of the season; _souhaits de bonne année_, _m.pl._ Best —s; _salutations empressées_, _f.pl._ =com´pliment=, _v.a._, complimenter, féliciter; faire son compliment =à=; faire cadeau =à=. =compliment´ary=, _adj._, complimenteur; flatteur. =com´plimenter=, _n._, complimenteur, _m._, complimenteuse, _f._ =com´plin= (-pline) _ou_ =com´pline= (-pline), _n._, (ecc.) complies, _f.pl._ =comply´= (-plaïe), _v.n._, acquiescer =à=; se soumettre =à=; se conformer =à=; s’accommoder =à=; se plier =à=; se rendre =à=; adhérer =à=; obéir =à=; accéder =à=; (fulfill) remplir, observer; satisfaire =à=. =compo´nent= (-pô-), _adj._, constituant; composant. =compo´nent=, _n._, (mech.) composante; partie constituante, _f._, composant, _m._ =comport´=, _v.n._, s’accorder =avec=; convenir =à=; comporter. To — with; _supporter_. =comport´=, _v.a._, souffrir, endurer. To — one’s self; _se comporter_. =comport´ment=, _n._, conduite, _f._ =com´pos men´tis= (-mè’n’-), _adj._, (jur.) sain d’esprit. =compose´= (-pôze), _v.a._, composer; écrire; rédiger, arranger; calmer; apaiser; tranquilliser. To — one’s self; _se calmer_; _se remettre_, _s’arranger_. To — one’s looks; _se composer le visage_. =composed´= (-pôz’de), _adj._, calme, tranquille, apaisé. =compos´edly= (-pôz’èdli), _adv._, tranquillement, avec calme. =compos´edness= (-poz’èd’-), _n._, calme, _m._; tranquillité, _f._ =compos´er= (-pôz’-), _n._, personne qui règle un différend, _f._; auteur; (music) compositeur, _m._ =compos´ing= (-pôz’-), _adj._, (pharm.) calmant; (print.) à composer. — draught; _potion calmante_, _f._ — room; (print.) _atelier de composition_, _m._ =compos´ing-stick=, _n._, (print.) composteur, _m._ =compos´ite= (-poz’aïte), _adj._, composite; composé. — candle; _bougie composée_, _f._ =composi´tion= (-zish’-), _n._, composition, (fig.) nature, _f._; (com.) atermoiement, atermoîment; arrangement, _m._; (jur.) transaction, _f._, concordat, _m._ =compos´itor= (-poz’i-teur), _n._, (print.) compositeur, _m._ =com´post= (-pôste), _n._, compost; engrais, _m._ =compo´sure= (-pô-jeur), _n._, calme, sang-froid, _m._; tranquillité; (l.u.) composition, _f._ — of carriage; _maintien calme_, _m._ =compota´tion= (-té-), _n._, libation, _f._ =com´pound= (-paou’n’de), _n._, composé, _m._; composition, _f._ =com´pound=, _adj._, composé, complexe. — interest; (com.) _intérêt composé_, _intérêt des intérêts_, _m._ =compound´=, _v.a._, composer; (com.) entrer en composition =pour=, venir à composition =pour=; atermoyer; mêler, combiner; arranger. To — a felony; _entrer en composition_ =avec= _le voleur_ (en vue de restitution). To — with one’s creditors; _s’arranger_, _faire un concordat_ =avec= _ses créanciers_. =compound´=, _v.n._, s’arranger; entrer en arrangement; transiger. =compound´able=, _adj._, qui peut être composé. =compound´er=, _n._, personne qui mélange, _f._; auteur de transactions; arbitre, entremetteur, (jur.) compositeur à l’amiable, _m._ =comprehend´= (-pri-hè’n’de), _v.a._, comprendre; renfermer. =comprehen´sible= (-pri-), _adj._, compréhensible; saisissable; intelligible. =comprehen´sibly=, _adv._, intelligiblement. =comprehen´sion= (-pri-), _n._, action de comprendre; compréhension, _f._ =comprehen´sive= (-pri-), _adj._, étendu, vaste; compréhensif. =comprehen´sively=, _adv._, avec étendue, largement. =comprehen´siveness=, _n._, étendue, portée, _f._; richesse (of ideas), _f._ =com´press= (-prèce), _n._, compresse, _f._ =compress´= (-prèce), _v.a._, resserrer, comprimer. =compressibil´ity=, _n._, compressibilité, _f._ =compress´ible=, _adj._, compressible. =compres´sion= (-prèsh’-), _n._, compression; concision, _f._; refoulement, _m._ =compress´ive=, _adj._, compressif. =comprise´= (-praïze), _v.a._, contenir, renfermer, comprendre. =com´promise= (-maïze), _n._, compromis; arrangement, accommodement, _m._; transaction, _f._ =com´promise=, _v.a._, compromettre; arranger. =com´promise=, _v.n._, transiger. =com´promiser=, _n._, personne qui fait un compromis, _f._ =compul´sion= (-peul-), _n._, contrainte, _f._ =compul´sive= (-peul-), _adj._, par contrainte, forcé, obligatoire, coercitif. =compul´sively=, _adv._, par force, par contrainte; forcément. =compul´sorily= (-peul-), _adv._, par force, de force, forcément. =compul´sory= (-peul-), _adj._, obligatoire. =compunc´tion= (-peugnk’sheune), _n._, componction, _f._; vif remords, _m._ =comput´able= (-piout’-), _adj._, qui peut être compté, computé, supputé; calculable. =computa´tion= (-piou-té-), _n._, supputation, _f._; compte, calcul, _m._ =compute´= (-pioute), _v.a._, calculer; supputer; compter, estimer, évaluer; (of the calendar) computer. =comput´er=, _n._, calculateur, _m._; (of the calendar) computiste, _m._ =com´rade= (-réde), _n._, camarade, copain, _m._ =com´radeship=, _n._, camaraderie, _f._ =con=, _n._, contre, _m._ =con= (=over=), _v.a._, savoir; répéter; étudier, repasser, relire. =concat´enate= (-cat’i-), _v.a._, enchaîner, lier. =concatena´tion= (-né-), _n._, enchaînement, _m._ =con´cave= (cogn’kéve), _adj._, concave; creux. =con´caveness= (-kév’-) _ou_ =concav´ity= (-cav’i-), _n._, concavité, _f._ =conca´vo-con´cave= (-ké’vo-, -kéve), _adj._, concavo-concave. =conca´vo-con´vex= (-ké’vo-), _adj._, concavo-convexe. =conceal´= (-cîle), _v.a._, cacher; (fig.) dissimuler; céler (from, =à=); dérober =à=; taire; (jur.) recéler, ne pas divulguer. =conceal´able=, _adj._, déguisable. =conceal´er=, _n._, (jur.) receleur; non-révélateur, _m._ =conceal´ment=, _n._, action de cacher, dissimulation, _f._; secret, mystère; abri, _m._; retraite, cachette, _f._; (jur.) recèlement, secret, _m._ — of birth; _suppression de part_, _f._ In —; _en secret_, _en cachette_. To keep in —; _v.a._, _tenir caché_; _v.n._, _se tenir caché_. =concede´= (-cîde), _v.a._, concéder, accorder, admettre. To — the point; _tomber d’accord sur le point_, _être d’accord_. =concede´=, _v.n._, faire des concessions. =conceit´= (-cîte), _n._, imagination, opinion, pensée; idée plaisante; suffisance, vanité, pointe, _f._ To be out of — with; _être dégoûté_ =de=. To put out of —; _dégoûter_ =de=. Full of —; _enflé de vanité_. =conceit´ed=, _adj._, suffisant; vain, maniéré, prétentieux, enflé de vanité. =conceit´edly=, _adv._, avec suffisance; avec vanité, avec prétention. =conceit´edness=, _n._, vanité, suffisance, _f._ =conceiv´able= (-cîv’-), _adj._, concevable. =conceiv´ably=, _adv._, d’une manière concevable. =conceive´= (-cîve), _v.a._, concevoir; imaginer; croire, penser. =conceive´=, _v.n._, concevoir. =conceiv´er=, _n._, qui conçoit, qui pénètre (le sens d’une chose). Wise —s; _esprits pénétrants_, _m.pl._ =concen´ter= (-cè’n’teur), _v.a._, concentrer; réunir en un centre. =concen´ter=, _v.n._, se concentrer. =con´centrate=, _v.a._, concentrer. =con´centrate=, _v.n._, se concentrer. =concentra´tion= (-tré-), _n._, concentration, _f._ =concen´tric= _ou_ =concen´trical=, _adj._, concentrique. =concep´tible=, _adj._, (ant.) concevable. =concep´tion= (-cèp’-), _n._, conception; idée, notion, _f._; projet, dessein, _m._ =concern´= (-ceurne), _n._, affaire, _f._; intérêt; soin, souci, chagrin, _m._; préoccupation; (com.) entreprise, _f._; établissement, _m._ =concern´=, _v.a._, concerner; regarder; intéresser (with, =à=); inquiéter. To — one’s self about; _s’intéresser_ =à=; _s’occuper_ =de=; _s’inquiéter_ =de=; _se mettre en peine_ =de=. To be —ed; _être inquiet_ =de=; (in) _prendre part_ =à=. To all whom it may —; _à tous ceux à qui il appartiendra_. It concerns me to know; _il m’importe de savoir_. =concerned´=, _adj._, inquiet; (as counsel in a suit) occupant. =concern´edly= (-ceurn’èd-), _adv._, avec intérêt, avec affection, avec peine, avec inquiétude. =concern´ing=, _prep._, touchant, concernant, sur; à l’égard =de=. =concern´ment=, _n._, intérêt, _m._; affaire; interposition; sollicitude, inquiétude, _f._ =concert´= (-ceurte), _v.a._ and _n._, concerter; ajuster; composer; se concerter. =con´cert=, _n._, concert; (fig.) unisson, _m._ In —; _de concert_, _à l’unisson_. — room; _salle de concert_, _f._ =concert´ed=, _adj._, concerté; (mus.) d’ensemble. =concer´to= (-ceur-), _n._, (mus.) concerto, _m._ =conces´sion= (-cèsh’-), _n._, concession, _f._; aveu, _m._ =conces´sionary=, _adj._, par concession. =conces´sive= (-cès’sive), _adj._, qui implique concession. =conces´sively=, _adv._, par concession. =conch= (cogn’ke), _n._, conque; coquille, _f._ =conch´a= (-ka), _n._, (anat.) conque, _f._ =conchif´erous= (-kif’eur’-), _adj._, conchifère. =conch´ite= (-kaïte), _n._, conchyte, _f._ =conch´oid= (-koïde), _n._, (geom.) conchoïde, _f._ =conchol´ogist= (-kol’-), _n._, conchyliologiste, _m._ =conchol´ogy= (-kol’-), _n._, conchyliologie, _f._ =conchyl´ious= (-kil’-), _adj._, de coquillage. =concil´iable=, _adj._, (ant.) réconciliable. =concil´iate=, _v.a._, concilier. =concilia´tion= (-cil-i-é-), _n._, conciliation, _f._ =concil´iator= (-é-teur), _n._, conciliateur, _m._, conciliatrice, _f._ =concil´iatory= (-tori), _adj._, conciliant, conciliatoire. =concise´= (-çaïce), _adj._, concis. =concise´ly=, _adv._, avec concision, succinctement, laconiquement. =concise´ness=, _n._, concision, _f._ =conci´sion= (-cij’eune), _n._, coupure; excision, _f._ =con´clave= (con’cléve), _n._, conclave, _m._, assemblée, _f._ =conclude´= (-clioude), _v.a._, conclure; terminer, finir; considérer comme; juger, estimer. =conclude´=, _v.n._, conclure; se terminer =à=, =par= _ou_ =en=; finir =par=. =conclud´ing=, _adj._, final, dernier. =conclu´sion= (-cliou’jeune), _n._, conclusion; décision; fin, _f._ To try —s with; _se mesurer_ =avec=. =conclu´sive= (-cliou-cive), _adj._, concluant, final, décisif, conclusif. =conclu´sively=, _adv._, d’une manière concluante, décisive. =conclu´siveness=, _n._, caractère concluant, _m._ =concoct´=, _v.a._, digérer; élaborer, préparer; mûrir; concevoir, dresser (un plan). =concoc´tion=, _n._, coction, concoction; élaboration; (plotting) machination, _f._ =concoct´ive=, _adj._, (med.) concocteur. =concom´itance= _ou_ =concom´itancy=, _n._, concomitance, _f._, concours, _m._ =concom´itant=, _adj._, concomitant, qui accompagne. =concom´itantly=, _adv._, par concomitance, en compagnie avec d’autres. =con´cord=, _n._, concorde; harmonie, _f._; accord, _m._; (mus.) consonance; (gram.) concordance, _f._ =concord´=, _v.n._, (ant.) s’unir, concorder, s’accorder. =concord´ance=, _n._, concordance, _f._; index de l’Ecriture sainte, _m._ =concord´ancy=, _n._, concordance, _f._, accord, _m._ =concord´ant=, _adj._, d’accord; concordant. =concord´at=, _n._, concordat, _m._ =con´course= (cogn’cōrse), _n._, concours, _m._; affluence; foule; réunion, _f._ =concres´cence= (-crès’-), _n._, concrétion, _f._ =con´crete= (-crîte), _n._, concret, corps concret; (mas.) béton, _m._ — work; _bétonnage_, _m._ =con´crete=, _adj._, concret; figé. =concrete´=, _v.n._, devenir concret; se coaguler; se solidifier. =concrete´=, _v.a._, rendre concret; solidifier. =concrete´ly=, _adv._, d’une manière concrète. =concrete´ness=, _n._, état concret, _m._ =concre´tion= (-crî-), _n._, concrétion, _f._ =concre´tive=, _adj._, coagulant. =concu´binage= (congn’kiou-bi-nédje), _n._, concubinage, _m._ =con´cubine= (-kiou-baïne), _n._, concubine, _f._ =concu´piscence= (-kiou-), _n._, concupiscence, _f._ =concupiscent=, _adj._, lascif, libidineux. =concu´piscible=, _adj._, concupiscible. =concur´= (-keur), _v.n._, concorder; s’accorder; concourir; (in) être d’accord =avec=; partager. =concur´rence= (-keur-), _n._, concours; assentiment, _m._ =concur´rent=, _adj._, qui concourt, qui s’accorde; concourant. =concur´rently=, _adv._, concurremment. =concus´sion= (-keush’-), _n._, secousse, _f._; ébranlement, choc, _m._; (ant.) concussion, exaction, extorsion, _f._ =concus´sive= (-keus’-), _adj._, qui ébranle. =condemn´= (-dème), _v.a._, (as unfit for use) réformer, condamner, blâmer; (to blame for) condamner =de=, blâmer =de=. =condem´nable= (-dèm-na-), _adj._, condamnable. =condemna´tion= (-dèm-né-), _n._, condamnation, _f._ =condem´natory= (-dèm’na-tori), _adj._, condamnatoire. =condem´ner= (-dèm-neur), _n._, personne qui condamne, _f._; condamnateur, -trice, _m._ _f._ =condens´able=, _adj._, condensable. =condensa´tion= (-se-), _n._, condensation, _f._ =condense´=, _v.a._, condenser, (food) concentrer, (fig.) resserrer, abréger. =condense´=, _v.n._, se condenser, (fig.) se resserrer. =condens´er=, _n._, (phys.) condensateur; (mec.) condenseur, _m._ =condens´ing=, _n._, condensation, _f._ =condens´ing-engine= (-è’n’djine), _n._, machine à condenser; condenseuse, _f._ =condens´ing-jet= (-djète), _n._, jet d’eau froide, _m._ =condens´ity=, _n._, condensation; densité, _f._ =condescend´=, _v.n._, condescendre =à=; s’abaisser =à= _ou_ =jusqu’à=, daigner; se soumettre =à=; céder. =condescend´ence=, =condescend´ency=, _n._, condescendance, _f._ =condescend´ingly=, _adv._, par condescendance. =condescen´sion= (-di-), _n._, condescendance, _f._; acte de condescendance, _m._ =condign´= (-daïne), _adj._, proportionné; mérité, juste. =condign´ly=, _adv._, justement. =con´diment=, _n._, assaisonnement, condiment, _m._ =condisci´ple= (-dis-caï-), _n._, condisciple, _m._ =condi´tion= (-dish’-), _n._, condition, _f._; état, _m._ Out of —; _en mauvais état_. In good _ou_ bad —; _en bon_, _en mauvais état_. On — that; _à condition que_. In a — to; _en état_ =de=. =condi´tional= (-dish’eu’n’-), _adj._, conditionnel. =condi´tional=, _n._, (ant.) restriction, _f._; (gram.) conditionnel, _m._ =condi´tionally=, _adv._, conditionnellement. =condi´tioned= (-dish’eu’n’de), _adj._, conditionné; de condition, de rang. Good _ou_ well —; _bien conditionné_; _en bon état_; (fig.) _d’un bon naturel_. =condole´= (-dôle), _v.n._ and _a._, partager la douleur =de=; prendre part à la douleur =de=. To — with; _faire ses compliments de condoléance_ =à=. =condo´lence=, _n._, condoléance, _f._ =condona´tion=, _n._, pardon, _m._ =condone´=, _v.a._, (things) pardonner. =con´dor=, _n._, condor, _m._ =conduce´= (-diouce), _v.n._, contribuer =à=; servir =à=; conduire =à=; tendre =à=. =condu´cible=, _adj._, utile; avantageux; qui contribue. =condu´cibleness=, _n._, utilité, _f._ =condu´cive= (-diou-cive), _adj._, utile =à=; avantageux =à=; propre =à=; qui contribue =à=. To be — to; _contribuer_ =à=, _tendre_ =à=. =condu´civeness=, _n._, utilité; propriété de conduire, de contribuer, _f._ =con´duct= (-deucte), _n._, conduite; direction, _f._; procédé; guide, _m._, démarches, _f.pl._ =conduct´=, _v.a._, conduire; diriger, mener, guider, introduire =dans=. To — one’s self; _se conduire_, _se comporter_. =conduct´or= (-deuct’eur), _n._, (mus.) chef d’orchestre; directeur; guide; (of an omnibus) conducteur, _m._; (mil.) vaguemestre. Lightning —; _paratonnerre_, _m._ =conduct´ress=, _n._, conductrice, _f._ =con´duit= (-dite), _n._, conduit; couloir, passage, _m._ =con´dyle= (-dil), _n._, (anat.) condyle, _m._ =cone= (cône), _n._, (math.) cône; (bot.) cône, strobile, _m._; pomme de pin, _f._ =co´ney= (cô-), _n._ _V._ =co´ny=. =co´ney-wool=, _n._ _V._ =co´ny-wool=. =confab´ulate= (-fab’iou-), _v.n._, confabuler; s’entretenir familièrement =avec=. =confabula´tion= (-fab’iou-lé-), _n._, confabulation, _f._; entretien familier, _m._ =con´fect= _ou_ =confec´tion= (-fèk-), _n._, confection; confiture, sucrerie, _f._ =confec´tioner= (-eur), _n._, confiseur, pâtissier, _m._ =confec´tionery= (-euri), _n._, confiserie, _f._; magasin, _m._, fabrique, _f._, de bonbons, de sucreries; bonbons, _m.pl._, sucreries, _f.pl._ =confed´eracy= (-fèd’eur’-), _n._, confédération; ligue; (jur.) association illégale, _f._; compérage, _m._ =confed´erate= (-fèd’eur’-), _v.a._, confédérer. =confed´erate=, _v.n._, se confédérer =avec=. =confed´erate=, _adj._, confédéré; de confédéré, ligué =à=, allié =à= _ou_ =avec=. =confed´erate=, _n._, allié; complice, compère, _m._ =confedera´tion= (-fèd’eur’é-), _n._, fédération, confédération, _f._ =confer´= (-feur), _v.a._, conférer; accorder. To — upon; _conférer_ =à=. To — an honor upon; _faire un grand honneur_ =à=. =confer´=, _v.n._, conférer =de=. =con´ference= (-feur-), _n._ conférence, _f._ =confer´va= (-feur-), _n._, (bot.) conferve, _f._ =confess´= (-fèce), _v.a._, confesser; avouer; reconnaître, admettre. =confess´=, _v.n._, se confesser; (jur.) faire des aveux. =confessed´=, _adj._, reconnu, confessé, avoué. =confess´edly= (-fèss’èd-), _adv._, de son aveu; de l’aveu de tout le monde; ouvertement. =confes´sion= (-fèsh’-) _n._, confession, _f._; aveu, _m._, (jur.) aveux, _m.pl._ To go to —; _aller à confesse_. A frank — is good for the soul; _rien ne soulage comme un aveu sincère_. =confes´sional=, _n._, confessionnal, _m._ =confes´sor= (-ceur), _n._, confesseur, _m._ =con´fidant= (-fi-), _n._, confident, _m._ =con´fidante=, _n._, confidente, _f._ =confide´= (-faïde), _v.n._, se confier =à=; se fier =à=, avoir confiance =en=; s’en remettre =à=. =confide´=, _v.a._, confier =à=, charger =de=. =con´fidence= (-fi-), _n._, confiance; confidence; hardiesse, assurance, _f._ To put — in; _avoir confiance_ =en=. =con´fident=, _n._, confident, _m._, confidente, _f._ =confident=, _adj._, confiant; certain; sûr; assuré, hardi. =confiden´tial=, _adj._, de confiance; confidentiel. =confiden´tially=, _adv._, de confiance; confidentiellement. =con´fidently=, _adv._, avec confiance, positivement. =configura´tion= (-figh’iou-ré-), _n._, configuration, _f._ =confi´nable= (-faï’n’-), _adj._, que l’on peut limiter. =con´fine= (-faïne), _n._, confins, _m.pl._, bord, _m._; limite, borne, _f._ =confine´=, _v.n._, confiner =à=. =confine´=, _v.a._, confiner, enfermer, reléguer; retenir, limiter, borner. To be —d; _faire ses couches_, _accoucher_. To be —d to one’s room, one’s bed; _garder la chambre_, _le lit_. To — one’s self to; _se limiter_, _se borner_ =à=. To —; (to barracks) _consigner_. —d air; _air renfermé_, _m._ =confine´less= (-faï’n’-), _adj._, illimité. =confine´ment= (-faï’n’-), _n._, confinement; emprisonnement, _m._; (milit.) arrêts, _m.pl._; consigne, _f._; (of women) couches, _f.pl._ In close —; _au secret_. Solitary —; _emprisonnement cellulaire_. =confin´ity=, _n._, proximité; contiguïté, _f._ =confirm´= (-feurme), _v.a._, confirmer; fortifier, affermir; (to harden) endurcir. =confirm´able=, _adj._, confirmable. =confirma´tion=, _n._, confirmation, _f._; affermissement, _m._ =confirm´atory=, _adj._, confirmatif; qui confirme; en confirmation =de=, à l’appui =de=. =confirmed´= (-feurm’de), _adj._, positif, certain; invétéré, fieffé, incorrigible, endurci. =confirm´edness= (-feurm’èd’-), _n._, caractère invétéré, _m._ =confirm´er=, _n._, confirmateur, _m._ =confis´cable=, _adj._, confiscable. =confis´cate=, _v.a._, confisquer. =confisca´tion= (-ké-), _n._, confiscation, _f._ =con´fiscator= (-ké-teur), _n._, auteur de confiscation, _m._ =confis´catory=, _adj._, de confiscation. =confit´eor=, _n._, confiteor, _m._ =conflagra´tion= (-gré-), _n._, conflagration, _f._; embrasement; incendie, _m._ =con´flict=, _n._, conflit, entrechoquement, _m._; lutte, contradiction, _f._ =con´flict=, _v.n._, s´entrechoquer; lutter; être en contradiction =avec=; être en conflit =avec=. =conflict´ing=, _adj._, en conflit, contradictoire; en contradiction =avec=; opposé, contraire. =con´fluence= (-fliou-), _n._, confluent, _m._; affluence, _f._; concours, _m._, (med.) confluence, _f._ =con´fluent=, _adj._, confluent, qui conflue. To be —; _confluer_. =conform´=, _v.a._, conformer. =conform´=, _v.n._, se conformer. =conform´able=, _adj._, conforme =à=; d’accord =avec=. =conform´ably=, _adv._, conformément =à=. =conforma´tion= (-mé-), _n._, conformation; conformité, _f._ =conform´ist=, _n._, conformiste, _m._ =conform´ity=, _n._, conformité, _f._ In — with; _conformément_ =à=. =confound´= (-faou’n’de), _v.a._, confondre; renverser; embarrasser; rendre confus; troubler. — him! _que le diable l’emporte!_ — it! _diable!_ =confound´ed= (-faou’n’d’ède), _part._, _adj._, confondu; maudit, vilain, sacré. =confound´edly=, _adv._, terriblement, furieusement, diablement. =confound´edness=, _n._, confusion, _f._; embarras, _m._ =confrater´nity= (-teur-), _n._, confrérie; confraternité, _f._ =confront´= (-freu’n’te), _v.a._, confronter; affronter; se présenter de front =à=; attaquer de front; faire face =à=; tenir tête =à=; se trouver en face =de=. =confronta´tion= (-freu’n’té-), _n._, confrontation, _f._ =confuse´= (-fiouze), _v.a._, mettre la confusion =dans=; rendre confus, déconcerter; embrouiller; confondre, troubler; mettre en désordre. =confus´edly= (-fiouz’èdli), _adv._, confusément. =confus´edness= (-fiouz’èd’-), _n._, confusion, _f._ =confu´sion= (-fiou-jeune), _n._, confusion; ruine, _f._; embarras, désordre, trouble, _m._ =confu´table= (-fiou-), _adj._, réfutable. =confuta´tion=, _n._, réfutation, _f._ =confute´=, _v.a._, réfuter. =confut´er=, _n._, réfutateur, _m._ =congeal´= (-djîle), _v.a._, congeler, glacer, geler. =congeal´=, _v.n._, se congeler, se geler; (of rivers) prendre. =congeal´able=, _adj._, congelable. =congeal´ment=, _n._, congélation, _f._ =con´gener= (-djî-neur), _n._, congénère. =congener´ic=, _adj._, congénère. =conge´nial= (-djî-), _adj._, de la même nature; naturel; sympathique =à=, conforme =à=. A — task; _une tâche agréable_. — to the language; _dans le génie de la langue_. =congenial´ity= _ou_ =conge´nialness=, _n._, affinité, analogie, conformité, sympathie, _f._ =congen´ital= (-djè’n’-), _adj._, (med.) congénital. =con´ger-eel= (cogn’gh’eur-), _n._, congre, _m._; anguille de mer, _f._ =conge´ries= (co’n’djî-ri-îze), _n.s._ and _pl._, masse informe, _f._; amas, _m._ =congest´= (-djeste), _v.a._, amasser, entasser, amonceler; engorger. To become —ed; _se congestionner_; _s’engorger_. =conges´tion= (-djèst’ieune), _n._, amas, _m._; (med.) congestion, _f._ =congest´ive=, _adj._, congeste _ou_ qui provoque la congestion. =conglo´bate= (-glô-), _v.a._, former en globe, englober. =conglo´bate=, _adj._, conglobé; en forme de globe. =conglobe´= (-glôbe), _v.a._ and _n._, (ant.) conglober; se conglober. =conglob´ulate= (-glob’iou-), _v.n._, (of animals) se pelotonner; (of fluids) se réunir en globules. =conglom´erate= (-glom’eur’-), _v.a._, conglomérer. _v.n._, se conglomérer. =conglom´erate=, _adj._, congloméré. =conglom´erate=, _n._ (geol.) conglomérat, _m._ =conglomera´tion= (-eur’é-), _n._, conglomération, _f._ =conglu´tinate= (-gliou-), _v.a._, conglutiner. =conglu´tinate=, _v.n._, s’unir par conglutination, se conglutiner. =conglutina´tion=, _n._, conglutination; fusion, union, _f._ =conglu´tinative=, _adj._, conglutinatif, conglutinant. =congrat´ulate= (-grat’iou-), _v.a._, féliciter =de=, complimenter =de=; faire son compliment =à=. To — one’s self; _se féliciter_ =de=. =congratula´tion= (-lé-), _n._, félicitation, _f._; compliment, _m._ =congrat´ulator= (-lé-teur), _n._, personne qui félicite, _f._; congratulateur, _m._ =congrat´ulatory=, _adj._, de félicitation; congratulatoire. =con´gregate= (cogn’gri-), _v.a._, rassembler. =con´gregate=, _v.n._, se rassembler, s’assembler =chez=; se rendre =à= _ou_ =dans=. =congrega´tion= (-gri-ghé-), _n._, congrégation; (in a church) assemblée, _f._; auditoire, _m._; assistance; (of things) agrégation, _f._; amas; assemblage, _m._ =congrega´tional=, _adj._, de la congrégation; de l’assemblée. =congrega´tionalist=, _n._, congréganiste, _m._ _f._ =con´gress= (cogn’grèce), _n._, congrès, _m._; rencontre, _f._ —man; _Membre du Congrès_, _m._ =congres´sional=, _adj._, congressional. =con´gruence= _ou_ =con´gruency= (-grou-), _n._, convenance, _f._ =con´gruent=, _adj._, convenable, congru; conforme, correspondant; (geom.) superposable. =congru´ity= (-grou-), _n._, convenance, conformité, (theol.) congruité, _f._ =con´gruous=, _adj._, convenable =à=, conforme =à=; congruent, (geom.) homogène. =con´gruously=, _adv._, convenablement, correctement, pertinemment, régulièrement; ☉congrûment. =con´ic= _ou_ =con´ical=, _adj._, conique. =con´ically=, _adv._, en forme de cône. =con´icalness=, _n._, forme conique, _f._ =con´ics=, _n.pl._, (geom.) sections coniques, _f.pl._ =conif´erous= (-’eur’-), _adj._, conifère. =conject´ural= (-djèkt’iou-), _adj._, conjectural, de conjecture. =conject´urally=, _adv._, conjecturalement. =conject´ure= (-djèkt’ioure), _v.a._ and _n._, conjecturer. =conject´ure=, _n._, conjecture, _f._ =conject´urer=, _n._, faiseur de conjectures, _m._ =conjoin´= (-djoïne), _v.a._, joindre, conjoindre, unir; adjoindre. =conjoin´=, _v.n._, se joindre =à=; s’unir =à=. =conjoint´= (-djoï’n’te), _adj._, lié; (mus.) uni, conjoint. =conjoint´ly=, _adv._, conjointement, d’accord; de concert. =con´jugal= (-djiou-), _adj._, conjugal, matrimonial. =con´jugally=, _adv._, conjugalement. =con´jugate= (-djiou-), _v.a._, conjuguer. To be —d; _se conjuguer_. =conjuga´tion=, _n._, conjugaison, _f._ =conjunct´= (-djeugn’kte), _adj._, réuni. =conjunc´tion= (-djeugn’k’sheune), _n._, union, liaison, conjonction, _f._ In — with; _conjointement_ =avec=. =conjuncti´va= (-djeugu’k’-), _n._, (anat.) conjonctive, _f._ =conjunc´tive=, _adj._, uni; conjonctif. — mood; _subjonctif_, _m._ =conjunc´tively=, _adj._, conjointement. =conjunc´tiveness=, _n._, propriété de joindre, _f._ =conjunct´ly=, _adv._, conjointement. =conjunct´ure= (-djeugn’kt’ioure-), _n._, conjoncture; occasion, rencontre, _f._; concours de circonstances, _m._ =conjura´tion= (keu’n’djiou-ré-), _n._, conjuration; adjuration; évocation; sorcellerie, _f._ =conjure´= (co’n’-djioure), _v.a._, conjurer, adjurer; lier par un serment. =con´jure= (keu’n’djeur), _v.a._, ensorceler, escamoter. To — up; _évoquer_. To — away; _exorciser_. =con´jure= (keu’n’djeur), _v.n._, faire de la sorcellerie; escamoter. =con´jurer= (keu’n’djeur-eur), _n._, conjurateur, sorcier, _m._, sorcière, _f._; escamoteur, prestidigitateur, physicien, (jest.) habile homme, _m._ He is no —; _il n’a pas inventé la poudre_. =con´juring=, _n._, magie, _f._, sorcellerie, prestidigitation, _f._; escamotage, _m._ — book; _grimoire_, _m._ — trick; _tour de prestidigitation_, _m._ =con´nate= (co’n-néte), _adj._, né en même temps; (bot.) conné. =connat´ural= (-nat’iou-), _adj._, qui naît en même temps; de même nature; en rapport naturel. =connat´urally=, _adv._, naturellement, originairement. =connect´= (co’n-nèkte), _v.a._, lier =à=, attacher =à=, allier =à=, joindre =à=, unir =à=; (tech.) accoupler, mettre en communication. =connect´=, _v.n._, se lier. =connect´ed=, _adj._, joint, uni, lié; continu; en rapport. To be — with; _être joint_ =à=; _se lier_ =à=; _se rattacher_ =à=; _se rapporter_ =à=. =connec´tion=, _n._ _V._ =connexion=. =connect´ive=, _n._, (gram.) liaison, conjonction, _f._; (bot.) connectif, _m._ =connect´ive=, _adj._, de liaison. =connect´ively=, _adv._, ensemble. =con´ner=, _n._, vérificateur de mesures, (fig.) bouquineur, liseur enragé, _m._ =connex´ion= _ou_ =connec´tion=, _n._, liaison; suite; connexion, _f._; rapport, _m._; relations, _f.pl._; (com.) clientèle, _f._; (family) parent, _m._; parenté; famille, _f._; parents, _m.pl._ In this —; _sous ce rapport_, _sur l’affaire en question_. To run in —; (of trains) _être en correspondance_ =avec= ou _correspondre_ =avec=. =conniv´ance= _ou_ =conniv´ency= (-naï-), _n._, connivence, _f._ =connive´= (-naïve), _v.n._, conniver =à=; être de connivence =pour=; tolérer, fermer les yeux =sur=. =conniv´ency=, _n._ _V._ =connivance=. =connoisseur´= (ko’n’-nès’ceure), _n._, connaisseur, amateur, _m._ =connu´bial= (-niou-), _adj._, du mariage; conjugal. =co´noid= (cô-noïde), _n._, conoïde, _m._ =conoid´al=, =conoid´ic= _ou_ =conoid´ical= (-noïd’-), _adj._, conoïde. =con´quer= (cogn’keur _ou_ -’kweur), _v.a._, vaincre, dompter; (a country, or, fig., to gain, to win) conquérir. =con´quer=, _v.n._, vaincre; remporter la victoire. =con´querable=, _adj._, à vaincre; domptable. =con´queress=, _n._, conquérante, _f._ =con´queror= (-keur’eur), _n._, vainqueur; conquérant, _m._ =con´quest= (cogn’kwèste), _n._, conquête; victoire, _f._ =consanguin´eal= _ou_ =consanguin´eous= (con-sa’n’gwi’n’i-), _adj._, de même sang. =consanguin´ity=, _n._, consanguinité, parenté, _f._ =con´science= (co’n’shè’n’se), _n._, conscience, _f._ In all —; _en bonne conscience_. =conscien´tious= (-shi’è’n’sheusse), _adj._, consciencieux; de conscience. =conscien´tiously=, _adv._, consciencieusement. =conscien´tiousness=, _n._, conscience, _f._; sentiment de justice, _m._; droiture, _f._ =con´scionable= (-sheu’n’-), _adj._, raisonnable; juste, equitable. =con´scionableness=, _n._, équité, justice, _f._ =con´scionably=, _adv._, raisonnablement, justement, équitablement. =con´scious= (co’n’sheusse), _adj._, conscient, qui a conscience =de=; qui a sa connaissance, sa tête; (of things), dont on a conscience. To be —; _avoir sa connaissance_, _sa tête_. To be — of; _avoir la conscience_ =de=; _avoir le sentiment_ =de=; _savoir_; _être instruit_ =de=. =con´sciously=, _adv._, sciemment, avec conscience de soi-même, en parfaite connaissance. =con´sciousness=, _n._, sentiment intérieur, _m._; conscience, perception; (med.) connaissance, _f._ To regain —; _reprendre connaissance_. =con´script= (-scripte), _adj._, conscrit. =con´script=, _n._, conscrit, _m._ =conscrip´tion=, _n._, conscription, _f._ =con´secrate= (-si-), _v.a._, consacrer; (a churchyard) bénir; (a bishop, a king) sacrer; (of saints) canoniser. —d ground; _terre sainte_, _f._ — bread; _pain bénit_, _f._ =consecra´tion= (-cré-), _n._, consécration; canonisation, _f._, (of a king, a bishop) sacre, _m._ =con´secrator= (-si-cré-teur), _n._, consécrateur, consacrant, _m._ =con´secratory=, _adj._, de consécration; sacramental, sacramentel. =con´sectary=, _adj._, résultant. =con´sectary=, _n._, conséquence, déduction, _f._, corollaire, _m._ =consecu´tion= (-si-kiou-), _n._, conséquence, succession, _f._; enchaînement de conséquences, _m._ =consec´utive= (-sèk’iou-), _adj._, consécutif, qui suit. =consec´utively=, _adv._, consécutivement. =consent´=, _n._, consentement; accord; rapport, _m._, (physiology) sympathie, _f._ With one —; _d’un commun accord_, _d’une commune voix_. =consent´=, _v.n._, consentir =à=. =consenta´neous= (-té-ni-), _adj._, conforme =à=; d’accord =avec=. =consenta´neously=, _adv._, conformément =à=, d’accord =avec=. =consenta´neousness=, _n._, accord, _m._; conformité, _f._ =consent´er=, _n._, personne qui consent, _f._ =consen´tient= (-sè’n’-shè’n’te), _adj._, du même sentiment; unanime; (jur.) consentant. =con´sequence= (-sè-kwè’n’se), _n._, conséquence, suite, effet; importance, _f._ In —; _en conséquence_. In — of; _par suite_ =de=. Of no —; _de nulle importance_. The — is; _il s’ensuit que_; _il en résulte que_. =con´sequent= (-si-), _n._, suite, _f._; (log., math.) conséquent, _m._ =con´sequent=, _adj._, conséquent. — upon; _qui est la conséquence_ =de=; _qui suit_; _en conséquence_ =de=. =consequen´tial= (-kwè’n’shal), _adj._, conséquent; logique; (b.s.) (fig. and pers.) suffisant, important. =consequen´tially=, _adv._, conséquemment; avec suite; (b.s.) avec suffisance, d’un air important. =consequen´tialness=, _n._, justesse de raisonnement, logique; (b.s.) (fig.) suffisance, _f._; air d’importance, _m._ =con´sequently=, _adv._, conséquemment; par conséquent, en conséquence. =conserv´able= (-seur-), _adj._, conservable _ou_ qui peut être conservé. =conserva´tion= (-seur-vé-), _n._, conservation, _f._ =conserv´atism=, _n._, conservatisme, torysme, _m._ =conserv´ative= (-seur-), _adj._, conservateur. =con´servator= (-seur-vé-teur), _n._, conservateur, _m._; conservatrice, _f._ =conserv´atory= (-seur-va-tori), _n._, (for arts and music) conservatoire; magasin; dépôt, _m._; (hort.) serre, _f._ =conserv´atory=, _adj._, conservateur. =conserve´= (-seurve), _n._, conserve, _f._ =conserve´=, _v.a._, conserver; (fruit, etc.) confire. =conserv´er=, _n._, conservateur, _m._, conservatrice, _f._; personne qui fait des conserves, _f._ =consid´er=, _v.a._, considérer; estimer; envisager; tenir =pour=, regarder comme; examiner; avoir égard =à=. =consid´er=, _v.n._, considérer, penser =à=, songer =à=, réfléchir =à=. =consid´erable= (-sid’eur’-), _adj._, considérable; grand, important. =consid´erableness=, _n._, importance; grandeur, valeur, _f._ =consid´erably=, _adv._, considérablement. =consid´erate= (-sid’eur’-), _adj._, réfléchi, modéré; indulgent; attentif, plein d’égards, attentionné; attentif =à=; prévenant =pour=. It is very — of you to; _c’est très aimable à vous_ =de=. =consid´erately=, _adv._, d’une manière réfléchie; avec modération, avec indulgence; avec attention, avec égards, avec prévenance. =consid´erateness=, _n._, caractère réfléchi, _m._; attention, prudence, discrétion, délicatesse, _f._ =considera´tion=, _n._, considération, _f._; examen, _m._, égards, _m.pl._; compensation, récompense, _f._; dédommagement, équivalent, _m._ On, upon, on further —; _tout bien considéré_, _réflexion faite_. Out of — for; _par égard_ =pour= ou _vu_. In — of; _en considération_ =de=. Under no —; _sous aucun compte_. To be under —; _être à l’examen_, _être en délibération_. To take into —; _prendre en considération_; _tenir compte_ =de=. =consid´erer=, _n._, penseur, _m._ =consid´ering=, _prep._, considérant; en égard =à=; vu, attendu. =consign´= (-saïne), _v.a._, (com.) consigner =à=; livrer =à=, confier =à=, remettre =à=. To — to the grave; _déposer_ ou _coucher dans le tombeau_. =consignee´= (-si-nî), _n._, (com.) cosignataire, destinataire, _m.f._ =consign´er= (-saï’n’eur) _ou_ =consign´or= (-si-nor), _n._, consignateur, expéditeur, _m._ =consign´ment= (-saï’n’-), _n._, consignation, _f._, envoi, _m._; lettre de consignation, _f._ =consist´=, _v.n._, consister, exister. To — in; _consister_ =en=, _consister_ =à=. To — of; _consister_ =en=, _consister_ =dans=, _se composer_ =de=. To — with; _se maintenir_, _exister_, _s’accorder_ =avec=; _être compatible_ =avec=. [_Consister_ requires the preposition =à= before a verb; the préposition =dans= before a noun taken in a limited sense; and the preposition =en= in any other case.] =consis´tence= _ou_ =consis´tency=, _n._, consistance, suite, _f._; esprit de suite; accord, _m._, harmonie; liaison; stabilité, solidité, _f._ =consis´tent=, _adj._, solide; conséquent; compatible =avec=, toujours égal; conforme =à=. =consis´tently=, _adv._, d’une manière conséquente, conséquemment; conformément =à=; d’une manière compatible =avec=. =consisto´rial= _ou_ =consisto´rian= (-tô-), _adj._, consistorial. =consis´tory= (-to-ri), _n._, consistoire, _m._ =consol´able= (-sô-la’b’l), _adj._, consolable. =consola´tion= (-so-lé-), _n._, consolation, _f._ =consol´atory= (-sol’a-tori), _adj._, consolant; de consolation, consolatoire. =con´sole= (-sôle), _n._, console, _f._ =console´= (-sôle), _v.a._, consoler (for) =de=. =consol´er= (-sôl’-), _n._, consolateur, _m._, consolatrice, _f._ =consol´idate=, _v.a._, consolider; (jur.) réunir. =consol´idate=, _v.n._, se consolider. =consolida´tion= (-dé-), _n._, consolidation, _f._ =con´sols= (-solze), _n.pl._, consolidés; fonds publics, _m.pl._; rentes consolidées, _f.pl._ =con´sonance= _ou_ =con´sonancy=, _n._, consonance, _f._; accord, _m._, union, harmonie, conformité, _f._ In — with; _en conformité_ =avec=. =con´sonant=, _adj._, consonant; conforme =à=; d’accord =avec=. =con´sonant=, _n._, (gram.) consonne, _f._ =con´sonantly=, _adv._, d’accord =avec=. =con´sonous=, _adj._, à l’unisson. =con´sort=, _n._, compagnon, _m._, compagne, _f._; époux, _m._, épouse; (nav.) conserve, _f._; vaisseau de conserve, _m._ _pl._, conjoints; (jur.) consorts, _m.pl._ Prince-—; _prince-époux_, _mari de la reine_, _m._ Queen-—; _reine_, _f._ =consort´=, _v.a._, unir; marier. =consort´= (with), _v.n._, s’associer =à=; s’unir =à=; fréquenter. To — with; _être le compagnon_ =de=. =con´sound= (-saou’n’de), _n._, (bot.) consoude, _f._ =conspic´uous= (spik’iou-), _adj._ en vue; en évidence; bien visible; remarquable, éminent, marquant, distingué. =conspic´uously=, _adv._, évidemment, en évidence; visiblement, éminemment; d’une manière apparente. =conspic´uousness=, _n._, visibilité, évidence; renommée, _f._; caractère remarquable, _m._; position, distinction, _f._; éclat, _m._ =conspir´acy=, _n._, conspiration, conjuration, _f._ =conspira´tion= (-spi-ré-), _n._, conspiration, _f._ =conspir´ator= (-spir-a-teur), _n._, conspirateur; conjuré, _m._ =conspire´= (-spaïeur), _v.n._, conspirer, comploter. =conspi´rer=, _n._, conjuré, _m._ =conspi´ringly=, _adv._, par conspiration. =con´stable= (keu’n’-), _n._, connétable; constable, officier de police; gouverneur; gardien, _m._ Chief —; _commissaire de police_, _m._ High —; _grand connétable_, _m._ To outrun the —; _faire des extravagances_; _s’endetter_. =con´stableship=, _n._, dignité de connétable, _f._; fonctions de connétable, _f.pl._ =con´stancy=, _n._, stabilité; constance; fermeté; persévérance, _f._ =con´stant=, _adj._, stable; constant; fidèle; continuel. =con´stant=, _n._, (math., phys.) constante, _f._ =con´stantly=, _adv._, constamment; invariablement; continuellement. =constel´late=, _v.a._, consteller. =constella´tion= (-stèl-lé-), _n._, constellation, _f._ =consterna´tion= (-steur-né-), _n._, consternation, _f._ =con´stipate=, _v.a._, serrer, constiper. =constipa´tion=, _n._, resserrement, _m._; constipation, _f._ =constit´uency= (-stit’iou-), _n._, collège électoral, _m._; circonscription électorale, _f._ My —; _mes commettants_, _m.pl._ =constit´uent=, _n._, constituant, _m._; partie constituante, _f._; auteur, créateur; élément commettant, (politics) commettant, _m._ =constit´uent=, _adj._, constituant; nécessaire, essentiel, élémentaire. =con´stitute= (-tioute), _v.a._, constituer. =con´stituter=, _n._, constituteur, _m._ =constitu´tion= (-tiou-), _n._, constitution; complexion, _f._; tempérament, _m._ =constitu´tional=, _adj._, constitutionnel. _n._, promenade de santé, _f._ To take one’s —; _faire sa petite promenade_, _prendre l’air_. =constitu´tionalist=, _n._, constitutionnel, _m._ =constitutional´ity=, _n._, constitutionnalité, _f._ =constitu´tionally=, _adv._, par tempérament; constitutionnellement. =constitu´tionist=, _n._, constitutionnel zélé, _m._ =con´stitutive= (-tiou-), _adj._, constitutif. =constrain´= (-stréne), _v.a._, contraindre; forcer; (check) retenir, comprimer; enfermer, astreindre; (hinder) gêner. =constrain´able=, _adj._, (jur.) contraignable. =constrain´edly=, _adv._, par contrainte. =constrain´er=, _n._, personne qui contraint, _f._ =conatraint´=, _n._, contrainte; gêne, _f._ =constrict´=, _v.a._, resserrer, contracter. =constric´tion=, _n._, constriction, _f._; (med.) rétrécissement, _m._ =constric´tor= (-teur), _n._, (anat.) constricteur; (zoöl.) boa, boa constricteur, _m._ =constrin´gent= (-stri’n’djè’n’te), _adj._, (med.) constringent, qui resserre. =construct´= (-streukte), _v.a._, construire, bâtir; dresser; composer, interpréter. =construct´er=, _n._, constructeur, _m._ =construc´tion=, _n._, construction; interprétation, _f._, sens, _m._ To put the best — on; _donner la meilleure interprétation_ =à=. To put a wrong — on everything; _interpréter tout en mal_. What — do you put upon his conduct? _comment expliquez-vous sa conduite?_ =construc´tive=, _adj._, constructif; interprétatif; implicite; supposé; censé. =construc´tively=, _adv._, par interprétation, par induction. =con´strue= (-strou), _v.a._, traduire; expliquer; interpréter; construire. =consubsist´= (-seub’-), _v.n._, subsister ensemble. =consubstan´tial= (-seub-sta’n’shal), _adj._, consubstantiel. =consubstan´tialist=, _n._, consubstantiateur, _m._ =consubstantial´ity=, _n._, consubstantialité, _f._ =consubstan´tially=, _adv._, consubstantiellement. =consubstan´tiate= (-shi-éte), _v.a._, unir en une seule et même substance. =consubstantia´tion= (-shi-é-), _n._, consubstantiation; impanation, _f._ =con´suetudinary= (-swi-tioude), _adj._, coutumier. =con´sul= (-seul), _n._, consul, _m._ =con´sular=, _adj._, consulaire. =con´sulate= _ou_ =con´sulship=, _n._, consulat, _m._ =consult´= (-seulte), _v.a._, consulter. =consult´=, _v.n._, délibérer, se consulter. =consulta´tion= (-té-), _n._, consultation; délibération, _f._ =consult´er=, _n._, consultant, _m._ =consult´ing=, _adj._, consultant. — room; _cabinet de consultation_, _m._ =consu´mable= (-sioum’-), _adj._, consumable; (eatable, drinkable) consommable. =consume´= (-sioume), _v.a._, consumer, dévorer; dissiper, gaspiller, perdre; (to use) consommer. =consume´=, _v.n._, se consumer. =consu´mer=, _n._, personne, chose, qui consume, _f._; consommateur, _m._ =con´summate= (-seu’m’-), _v.a._, consommer, achever, accomplir, parachever. =con´summate=, _adj._, consommé; parfait, complet, achevé, fini. =con´summately=, _adj._, parfaitement, complètement. =consumma´tion= (-seu’m’-mé-), _n._, consommation; fin, _f._; accomplissement; comble, _m._ It is the — of my hopes; _c’est le comble de mes désirs_. =consump´tion= (-seu’m’-sheune), _n._, consomption, action de consumer; consommation; (med.) consomption, maladie de poitrine, phtisie, _f._ To be in a —; _être poitrinaire_; _être atteint de la poitrine_. To die of —; _mourir de la poitrine_, ou _de phthisie_. =consump´tive= (-seu’m’-tive), _adj._, qui consume; (med.) de consomption, poitrinaire, phtisique, pulmonaire. To become —; _tomber en consomption_. =consump´tiveness=, _n._, prédisposition à la phtisie, _f._ =con´tact=, _n._, contact; rapport, _m._ To bring into —; _mettre en rapport_, _rapprocher_. To come into —; _se rencontrer_ =avec=, _se mettre en rapport_ =avec=. =conta´gion= (-té-djeune), _n._, contagion, _f._ =conta´gious= (-té-djeusse), _adj._, contagieux. =conta´giousness=, _n._, nature contagieuse, _f._ =contain´= (-téne), _v.a._, contenir; réprimer, retenir, renfermer. =contain´able=, _adj._, qui peut être contenu. =contain´er=, _n._, contenant, _m._ =contam´inate=, _v.a._, souiller; contaminer. =contamina´tion= (-né-), _n._, souillure; contamination, _f._ =contemn´= (-tème), _v.a._, mépriser, dédaigner. =contem´ner= (-tè’m’neur), _n._, contempteur, _m._ =con´template=, _v.a._, contempler; méditer, projeter. =con´template=, _v.n._, contempler, projeter, avoir en vue; prévoir, espérer; s’attendre =à=; songer =à=; envisager. =contempla´tion= (-plé-), _n._, contemplation; pensée, méditation, _f._; projet, _m._ To have in —; _avoir en vue_ =de=; _se proposer_ =de=. It was in — to; _il était question_ =de=. =con´templative= (-plé-), _adj._, contemplatif. =con´templatively=, _adv._, contemplativement. =con´templator= (-plé-teur), _n._, contemplateur, _m._, contemplatrice, _f._ =contemporane´ity= (-nî-iti), _n._, contemporanéité, _f._ =contempora´neous= (-ré-ni-), _adj._, contemporain. =contem´porary=, _adj._, contemporain. =contem´porary=, _n._, contemporain, _m._, contemporaine, _f._; (of newspapers) confrère, _m._ =contempt´= (-tè’m’te), _n._, mépris, dédain, _m._ — of court; _refus de comparaître_, _m._; _contumace_, _désobéissance aux ordres de la cour_, _f._ To feel — for; _avoir du mépris_ =pour=. To fall into —; _tomber dans le mépris_. In —; _par mépris_. In — of; _au mépris_ =de=. To purge one’s —; _purger sa contumace_. =contemp´tible= (-tè’m’ti-b’l), _adj._, méprisable; chétif; à dédaigner. =contemp´tibleness=, _n._, caractère méprisable, _m._ =contemp´tibly=, _adv._, d’une manière méprisable; avec mépris. =contempt´uous= (-tè’m’t’iou-eusse), _adj._, méprisant, dédaigneux. =contemp´tuously=, _adv._, avec mépris, dédaigneusement. =contemp´tuousness=, _n._, caractère méprisant; mépris, _m._; humeur dédaigneuse, _f._ =contend´=, _v.n._, lutter, combattre; contester; soutenir, affirmer, prétendre. To — for; _combattre_ =pour=; _se battre_; (prizes, places) _concourir_ =pour=; _se disputer_. =contend´er=, _n._, contendant, compétiteur, concurrent, combattant, belligérant; champion, _m._ =contend´ing=, _adj._, contendant; en lutte; opposé, rival, contraire, _n.pl._, disputes, contestations, _f.pl._ The — parties; les belligérants, les contestants, _m.pl._ =content´=, _n._, contentement, _m._; satisfaction, _f._ _pl._, (things) contenu, _m.f._ Table of —s; _table des matières_, _f._; _index_, _m._ =content´=, _adj._, content, satisfait. To be — (with); _être content_ =de=; _se contenter_ =de=. I am —; _je consens_; _je veux bien_. =content´=, _v.a._, contenter, satisfaire. =content´ed= (-tè’n’tède), _adj._, satisfait =de=, content =de=, résigné =à=. =content´edly=, _adv._, avec contentement; patiemment, sans se plaindre. =content´edness=, _n._, contentement, _m._ =conten´tion=, _n._, contention; dispute, lutte, discorde, _f._, débat, _m._ =conten´tious= (-tè’n’sheusse), _adj._, (jur.) contentieux, litigieux, disputeur, querelleur. =conten´tiously=, _adv._, en disputant; (jur.) contentieusement. =conten´tiousness=, _n._, disposition contentieuse; humeur querelleuse, _f._; (jur.) esprit litigieux. =content´less=, _adj._, mécontent. =content´ment=, _n._, contentement, _m._, résignation, soumission, _f._ — is beyond riches; (prov.) _contentement passe richesses_. =contents´=, _n.pl._, contenu, _m.sing._ Table of —; _table des matières_, _f._ =conter´minous= (-teur-), _adj._, contigu =à=, limitrophe =de=, voisin =de=. =con´test=, _n._, contestation, lutte, _f._; débat, combat, _m._ =contest´=, _v.a._, contester, disputer. =contest´=, _v.n._, contester, disputer, lutter; (to vie) rivaliser =de=. =contes´table=, _adj._, contestable. =contesta´tion=, _n._, contestation, _f._; témoignage, _m._ =con´text=, _n._, contexte, sens, _m._ =context´ural=, _adj._, de contexture. =context´ure= (-tèkst’ioure), _n._, contexture; suite, série, _f._; tissu; (fig.) enchaînement, _m._ =contigu´ity= (-ghiou-i-), _n.f._, contiguïté, proximité, _f._ =contig´uous= (-tigh’iou-eusse), _adj._, contigu =à=, attenant =à=. =contig´uously=, _adv._, d’une manière contiguë; en contiguïté. =conti´gousness=, _n._, contiguïté, _f._ =con´tinence= _ou_ =con´tinency=, _n._, continence; chasteté; (fig.) retenue, modération. _f._ =con´tinent=, _adj._, continent; modéré; retenu; chaste. =con´tinent=, _n._, (geog.) continent, _m._ =continen´tal=, _adj._, continental. =con´tinently=, _adv._, avec continence, chastement; avec retenue, avec modération. =contin´gence= _ou_ =contin´gency= (-ti’n’djè’n’ce, -’djè’n’-), _n._, contingence, éventualité, _f._; cas imprévu, cas fortuit, _m._ =contin´gent= (-ti’n’djè’n’te), _n._, contingent; événement fortuit, _m._ =contin´gent=, _adj._, contingent, éventuel; casuel, fortuit, accidentel, aléatoire. =contin´gently=, _adv._, fortuitement, par accident, casuellement. =contin´ual= (-ti’n’iou-al), _adj._, continuel; (jur.) continu. =contin´ually=, _adv._, continuellement; (jur.) continûment. =contin´uance= (-ti’n’iou-), _n._, continuation; continuité; durée, _f._; séjour; (jur.) ajournement, _m._; remise, _f._ =contin´uate= (-ti’n’iou-), _adj._, (l.u.) continu; étroitement uni; ininterrompu; (jur.) continuel. =continua´tion= (-ti’n’iou-é-), _n._, continuation; continuité, persévérance; durée, _f._ =contin´uator= (-ti’n’iou-é-teur), _n._, continuateur, _m._ =contin´ue= (-ti’n’iou), _v.a._, continuer; prolonger; conserver, perpétuer, maintenir. To — one’s way; _reprendre son chemin_; _se remettre en route_. =contin´ue=, _v.n._, continuer; demeurer, rester; continuer de vivre, être toujours, persévérer; persister. =contin´ued=, _adj._, continu, prolongé; soutenu, suivi; (of articles) à suivre. To be — in our next; _la suite au prochain numéro_. =contin´uedly= (-ti’n’iou’-dli), _adv._, continûment, sans interruption. =contin´uer=, _n._, personne qui persévère, _f._; continuateur, _m._ =continu´ity= (-niou-i-ti), _n._, continuité, _f._ =contin´uous= (-ti’n’iou-eusse), _adj._, continu. =contin´uously=, _adv._, continûment; sans interruption. =contort´=, _v.a._, tordre, contourner, défigurer. =contort´ed= (-tort’ède), _adj._, tordu; tors, contourné; défiguré; (bot.) torsil. =contor´tion= (-sheune), _n._, contorsion; (med.) luxation, _f._ =contour´=, _n._, contour, _m._ =con´tra=, _prep._, contre; (com.) d’autre part. Per —; _par contre_. =con´traband=, _adj._, de contrebande. =con´traband=, _n._, contrebande, _f._ =contract´=, _v.a._, contracter; abréger, resserrer; rétrécir; rider; (a habit) prendre, contracter; (admin.) adjuger. =contract´=, _v.n._, se contracter, se resserrer, se rétrécir, se rider; (com.) traiter, contracter, s’engager =à=; entreprendre. To — for; _traiter_ =pour=. =con´tract=, _n._, contrat; pacte, convention, _m.f._; (for public works) adjudication, soumission, entreprise à forfait, _f._; (marriage) contrat, _m._; fiançailles, _f.pl._ Conditions of —; _cahier des charges_, _m._ By private —; _de gré à gré_, _à l’amiable_. To put up to —; _mettre en adjudication_. =contrac´table=, _adj._, contractable. =contrac´tedness= (-tract’èd-), _n._, caractère borné, _m._; brièveté, _f._; rétrécissement, resserrement, _m._ =contractibil´ity=, _n._, contractilité, faculté de se contracter; force contractive, _f._ =contrac´tible=, _adj._, contractile, susceptible de contraction. =contrac´tibleness=, _n._ _V._ =contractibility=. =contrac´tile=, _adj._, contractile. =contractil´ity=, _n._, force contractive, contractilité, _f._ =contrac´tion=, _n._, contraction, _f._; rétrécissement; raccourcissement, _m._ =contrac´tor= (-teur), _n._, contractant, _m._, contractante, _f._; entrepreneur; (for the army, navy) fournisseur; (tech.) adjudicataire, _m._ =contradict´=, _v.a._, contredire, démentir. =contradic´ter=, _n._, contradicteur, _m._ =contradic´tion=, _n._, contradiction, _f._; (denial) démenti, _m._ =contradic´tious= (-dik’sheusse), _adj._, contradictoire; plein de contradictions; opposé, contraire =à=. =contradic´tiousness=, _n._, contradiction, _f._; esprit de contradiction, _m._ =contradic´torily=, _adv._, contradictoirement. =contradic´toriness=, _n._, nature contradictoire, _m._ =contradic´tory=, _adj._, contradictoire. =contradistinc´tion=, _n._, opposition, _f._; contraste, _m._ In — to; _par opposition_ =à=. =contradistinc´tive=, _adj._, (ant.) qui marque une distinction tranchée. =contradistin´guish= (-tign’gwish), _v.a._, distinguer. =contra-fis´sure= (-fish’ioure), _n._, contre-fissure; contrefente, contre-fracture, _f._ =contra-in´dicate=, _v.a._, (med.) contre-indiquer. =contra-in´dicant= _ou_ =contra-indica´tion= (-ké-), _n._, (med.) contre-indication, _f._ =contral´to=, _n._, (mus.) contralto, _m._ =con´tramure= (-mioure), _n._, (fort.) contre-mur, _m._ _v.n._, contre-murer. =contraposi´tion= (-po-zi-), _n._, contre-position, _f._ =con´traries= (-rize), _n.pl._, contraires, _m.pl._ =contrari´ety= (-tra-raï’-è-), _n._, opposition; contradiction; contrariété, _f._ =con´trarily=, _adv._, contrairement; en sens contraire. =con´trariness=, _n._, contrariété, opposition, _f._ =contra´riously=, _adv._, contrairement. =con´trariwise= (-waïze), _adv._, au contraire; en sens opposé. =con´trary=, _n._, contraire, _m._ On the —; _au contraire_. To the —; _contre_; _en sens contraire_. Quite the —; _tout le contraire_; _bien au contraire_. =con´trary=, _adj._, contraire, opposé. =con´trast= (-trâste), _n._, contraste, _m._ To stand in —; _être en contraste_; _faire contraste_. =contrast´=, _v.a._, contraster; mettre en contraste. _v.n._, contraster, être en contraste, faire contraste. =con´trate-wheel= (-hwîle), _n._, (horl.) roue de rencontre, _f._ =contravalla´tion= (-val-lé-), _n._, (fort.) contrevallation, _f._ =contravene´= (-vîne), _v.a._, contrevenir =à=, enfreindre. =contrave´ner=, _n._, contrevenant, _m._ =contraven´tion=, _n._, contravention, infraction, _f._ =contrib´utary= (-trib’iou-), _adj._, tributaire. =contrib´ute= (-trib’ioute), _v.a._, contribuer =à=, payer sa part =de=. =contrib´ute=, _v.n._, contribuer =à=; concourir =à=; aider =à=; collaborer =à=. =contribu´tion= (-biou-), _n._, contribution; (com.) assurance mutuelle, _f._, article (de journal, etc.), _m._ =contrib´utive= (-trib’iou-), _adj._, qui contribue, contributif. To be — to; _contribuer_ =à=. =contrib´utor= (-trib’iou-teur), _n._, contribuant, garant, _m._; collaborateur, rédacteur, correspondant, _m._ To be a — to; _écrire_ =pour=, ou =dans=. =con´trite= (-traïte), _adj._, contrit, pénitent. =con´tritely=, _adv._, avec contrition. =con´triteness=, _n._, contrition, _f._ =contri´tion= (-trish’-), _n._, contrition, _f._ =contri´vable= (-traïv’-), _adj._, possible à faire, à arranger, à combiner. =contri´vance= (-traïv’-), _n._, invention; combinaison, idée, _f._; artifice, moyen, _m._, machine, _f._; projet, _m._ =contrive´= (-traïve), _v.a._, inventer; trouver, combiner; imaginer, pratiquer; se pratiquer. =contrive´=, _v.n._, s’arranger de manière =à=; s’arranger =pour=; trouver moyen =de=; parvenir =à=; venir à bout =de=; s’y prendre =pour=. =contri´ver=, _n._, inventeur, _m._, inventrice, _f._; (l.u.) combinateur, _m._, combinatrice, _f._; auteur, _m._ =contri´ving=, _adj._, ingénieux; artificieux. =control´= (-trôl), _n._, contrôle, empire, _m._; influence, autorité, _f._, frein, _m._ To keep under —; _être maître_ =de=. =control´=, _v.a._, contrôler; exercer de l’empire =sur=, gouverner, régler, diriger; réprimer. =control´lable= (-trôl’la-b’l), _adj._, sujet à contrôle; soumis à l’autorité; gouvernable, docile. =control´ler=, _n._, contrôleur, _m._ =control´lership=, _n._, charge de contrôleur, _f._; contrôle, _m._ =control´ment=, _n._ _V._ =control=. =controver´sial= (-veur-shal), _adj._, de controverse; polémique. =controver´sialist=, _n._, controversiste, _m._ =con´troversy= (-veur-), _n._, controverse; polémique, dispute, _f._; différend, _m._ =con´trovert= (-veurte), _v.a._, controverser, mettre en controverse, disputer, débattre, agiter. =controver´tible=, _adj._, sujet à controverse. =controver´tist=, _n._, controversiste, _m._ =contuma´cious= (-tiou-mé-sheusse), _adj._, obstiné, récalcitrant; opiniâtre; pervers; (jur.) contumace. =contuma´ciously=, _adv._, avec obstination; opiniâtrément; (jur.) par contumace. =contuma´ciousness=, _n._, opiniâtreté, obstination; perversité, _f._ =con´tumacy= (-tiou-), _n._, obstination; opiniâtreté; (jur.) contumace; désobéissance, _f._ =contume´lious= (-tiou-mî-), _adj._, injurieux, outrageant, méprisant. =contume´liously=, _adv._, injurieusement, outrageusement. =con´tumely= (-tiou-mè-), _n._, injure, _f._; outrage, mépris, dédain, _m._, insulte, _f._ =contuse´= (-tiouze), _v.a._, contusionner, meurtrir. =contu´sion= (-tiou-jeune), _n._, contusion, meurtrissure, _f._ =conun´drum= (-neu’n’-dreume), _n._, énigme; turlupinade, _f._; jeu de mots, quolibet, _m._ =convales´cence= _ou_ =convales´cency= (-lès’-), _n._, convalescence, _f._ =convales´cent=, _adj._, convalescent. — home; _asile de convalescence_, _m._ =convales´cent=, _n._, convalescent, _m._, convalescente, _f._ =convalla´ria= (-val-lé-), _n._, (bot.) convallaire, _f._; muguet, _m._ =conve´nable= (-vî’n’-), _adj._, qui peut être convoqué. =convene´= (-vîne), _v.a._, convoquer; réunir, assembler; citer devant. =convene´=, _v.n._, s’assembler, se réunir. =conve´ner= (-vî’n’-), _n._, personne qui convoque, _f._ =con´venience= _ou_ =conve´niency= (-vî’n’-), _n._, commodité, convenance, aise, _f._; objet de commodité, _m.pl._, commodités; (nav.) emménagements. At your earliest —; _aussitôt que vous le pourrez_, _à la première occasion_. At your —; _à votre commodité_; _sans vous déranger_. To meet the — of; _arranger_, _accommoder_. =conve´nient= (-vî’n’-), _adj._, commode, convenable. If you could make it — to; _si vous pouvez vous arranger de manière à ce que_ (with subj.) ou _de manière_ =à= (with infinitive). If it is — to you; _si cela ne vous dérange pas_; _si cela vous arrange_. =conve´niently=, _adv._, commodément, convenablement, à son aise; sans se gêner. =con´vent=, _n._, couvent, _m._ =conven´ticle= (-tik’l), _n._, conciliabule, conventicule, _m._ =conven´tion=, _n._, convention; assemblée, _f._ =conven´tional=, _adj._, conventionnel, de convention. =conven´tionalism=, _n._, ce qui est conventionnel, _m._, phrase de convention, _f._; usage de convention, _m._ =conventional´ity=, _n._, nature conventionnelle, _f._ =conven´tionally=, _adj._, par convention. =conven´tionary=, _adj._, réglé par convention. =conven´tioner=, _n._, membre d’une convention, _m._ =conven´tual= (-vè’n’t’iou-), _n._, conventuel; religieux, _m._, religieuse, _f._ =conven´tual=, _adj._, conventuel. =conven´tually=, _adv._, conventuellement. =converge´= (-veurdje), _v.n._, converger =à= _ou_ =vers=. =conver´gence= _ou_ =conver´gency= (-veur-djè-n’ce, -ci), _n._, convergence, _f._ =conver´gent= _ou_ =conver´ging= (-veurdj’-), _adj._, convergent. =conver´sable= (-veur’sa-b’l), _adj._, de bonne conversation; causeur; sociable. =conver´sableness=, _n._, amabilité; sociabilité, _f._ =conver´sably=, _adv._, d’une manière sociable. =con´versant= (-veur-), _adj._, familier; familiarisé =avec=. — with; _versé_ =dans=; _au fait_ =de=, _au courant_ =de=. =conversa´tion= (-sé-), _n._, conversation, _f._; entretien; commerce, _m._ To carry on a —; _soutenir une conversation_. Private —; _entretien particulier_. Earnest —; _entretien sérieux_. To change the —; _changer de conversation_ ou _changer de sujet_. =conversa´tional=, _adj._, de, _ou_ de la, conversation. A man of great — powers; _un homme qui a une grande facilité de conversation_; _un excellent causeur_, _m._ =conversazio´ne= (-vèr-sât’zi-ô’né), _n._, assemblée littéraire, réunion, _f._; cercle, _m._ =converse´= (-veurse), _v.n._, causer, converser, s’entretenir =avec=; fréquenter. =con´verse=, _n._, commerce, _m._; relations, _f.pl._; entretien, _m._; conversation; (log.) converse; (math.) réciproque, _f._ =con´verse=, _adj._, (math.) réciproque, inverse. =converse´ly=, _adv._, (log.) réciproquement. =conver´sion= (-veur-), _n._, conversion, _f._; (of firearms) transformation; (jur.) appropriation, _f._; changement, _m._ =con´vert= (-veurte), _n._, converti, _m._, convertie, _f._ To become a —; _se convertir_. =convert´= (-veurte), _v.a._, convertir; (of firearms) transformer; faire servir, appliquer à, approprier. =convert´=, _v.n._, se convertir; se transformer, se changer. =conver´ter= (-veurt’-), _n._, convertisseur, _m._ =convertibil´ity= _ou_ =conver´tibleness= (-veurt’-), _n._, convertibilité, _f._ =conver´tible=, _adj._, (of things); convertible, (of persons) convertissable, (fin.) convertible. =conver´tibly=, _adv._, réciproquement. =con´vex=, _adj._, convexe, bombé. =con´vex=, _n._, corps convexe, _m._ =con´vexed= (-vèkste), _adj._, convexe. =convex´edly= (-vèks’èd’-), _adv._, de forme convexe. =convex´ity=, _n._, convexité, _f._; (of roads) bombement, _m._ =con´vexly=, _adv._, de forme convexe. =convex´o-con´cave= (-kéve), _adj._, convexo-concave. =convex´o-con´vex=, _adj._, convexo-convexe. =convey´= (-vé), _v.a._, transporter; transmettre, porter, conduire, amener; présenter; rendre, exprimer, donner; communiquer; (jur.) faire transport =de=. To — away; _emporter_; (to lead) _emmener_. To —; (meanings) _donner l’idée_ =de=. To — to posterity; _transmettre à la postérité_. =convey´able= (-vè-a’b’l), _adj._, transportable; portable, charriable; communicable, exprimable, transférable. =convey´ance= (-vé-a’n’ce), _n._, transport; passage, _m._; voie; voiture, transmission, _f._; envoi, moyen de transport, _m._; (jur.) translation de propriété, _f._; (jur.) acte translatif de propriété, transfert, _m._ Deed of —; _acte de vente_, _m._ =covey´ancer=, _n._, notaire qui dresse les actes translatifs de propriété; notaire, _m._ =convey´ancing=, _n._, rédaction des actes translatifs de propriété, _f._; notariat, _m._, transferts, _m.pl._ =convey´er= (-vé-eur), _n._, personne qui transporte, qui transmet, _f._; porteur, voiturier, _m._ =convict´=, _v.a._, condamner, déclarer coupable; convaincre. =con´vict= (-vik’te), _n._, condamné, _m._, condamnée, _f._; criminel; forçat, déporté, _m._; (on ticket of leave) forçat libéré, _m._ — prison; _bagne_, _m._ =con´vict-keep´er= (-kîp’-peur), _n._, garde-chiourme, _m._ =convic´tion=, _n._, conviction, persuasion; (jur.) condamnation, _f._ =convic´tive=, _adj._, convaincant; (jur.) convictionnel. =convince´=, _v.a._, convaincre, persuader; mettre en évidence. =convin´cing=, _adj._, convaincant. _part._, convainquant. =convin´cingly=, _adv._, d’une manière convaincante. =convin´cingness= (-cign’nèce), _n._, caractère convaincant, _m._, évidence, force, _f._ =conviv´ial=, _adj._, de fête; (of persons) sociable; joyeux, jovial. =convivial´ity=, _n._, sociabilité, gaieté, _f._ =convoca´tion= (-ko-), _n._, convocation; assemblée, _f._ =convoke´= (-vôke), _v.a._, convoquer, assembler. =con´volute= _ou_ =con´voluted= (-lioute, -ède), _adj._, (bot.) convoluté. =convolu´tion= (-liou-), _n._, enroulement, _m._, circonvolution, _f._ =convolve´=, _v.a._, rouler, enrouler. =convol´vulus= (-vol-viou-), _n._, (convolvuli), belle-de-jour, _f._; liseron; volubilis, _m._ =convoy´= (-voï), _v.a._, convoyer, escorter. =con´voy=, _n._, convoi, _m._; escorte, _f._ —-ship; _bâtiment convoyeur_, _bâtiment d’escorte_, _m._, _escorte_, _f._ =convulse´= (-veulse), _v.a._, convulser, convulsionner, jeter dans des convulsions; crisper, agiter; (fig.) ébranler; bouleverser. =convulsed´=, _adj._, crispé, agité; ébranlé, convulsé, bouleversé. To be — with laughter; _se pâmer de rire_. =convul´sion=, (-veul-sheune), _n._, convulsion, _f._; mouvement convulsif, _m._, commotion, _f._ To be seized with —s; _tomber en convulsions_. Fit of —s; _accès de convulsion_, _m._ =convul´sive=, _adj._, convulsif. =convul´sively=, _adv._, convulsivement. =co´ny= (keu- _ou_ cô-), _n._, lapin, (fig.) niais, _m._ =co´ny-wool= (-woule), _n._, poil de lapin, _m._ =coo= (coû), _v.n._, roucouler. =coo´ing= (coû-igne), _n._, roucoulement, _m._ =cook=, _n._, cuisinier, _m._, cuisinière, _f._; (nav.) coq, _m._ Man-—; _cuisinier_, _m._ Woman-—; _cuisinière_, _f._ —-shop; _restaurant_, _m._; _rôtisserie_, _f._ —-shop keeper; _restaurateur_, _traiteur_, _m._ =cook= (couke), _v.n._, cuire; faire la cuisine, cuisiner; (fig.) arranger, préparer; (accounts) falsifier. =cook=, _v.a._, faire cuire; apprêter. =cook´ery= (-’eur’i), _n._, cuisine (art), _f._ =cook´ery-book= (-bouke), _n._, livre de cuisine, _m._ =cool= (coûl), _adj._, froid; frais; (pers.) calme, tranquille, froid; impudent, peu gêné. How — that man is; _comme cet homme est sans gêne_, _a de l’aplomb_. To grow —; _se refroidir_. =cool=, _n._, frais, _m._, fraîcheur, _f._ In the —; _au frais_. =cool=, _v.a._, rafraîchir; refroidir; calmer, modérer. =cool=, _v.n._, se refroidir; refroidir. To — down; _se calmer_, _s’apaiser_, _se modérer_. =cool´er=, _n._, rafraîchissoir, réfrigérant; (med.) rafraîchissant, _m._ =cool´headed=, _adj._, froid, de sang froid. =coo´lie= (coû-li), coolie, couli, _m._ =cool´ing=, _adj._, rafraîchissant, calmant. =cool´ish=, _adj._, un peu frais. =cool´ly=, _adv._, fraîchement, froidement; de sang-froid, tranquillement, avec calme. =cool´ness=, _n._, fraîcheur, _f._, frais, _m._; (fig.) froideur, indifférence, _f._; refroidissement; sang-froid, calme, _m._; impudence, _f._, sans gêne. =coom= (coume), _n._, suie, _f._; cambouis, _m._ =coop= (coupe), _n._, (hen) poulailler, _m._, mue, _f._; (of sheep) parc, _m._ =coop=, _v.a._, enfermer dans une mue; enfermer étroitement, claquemurer; parquer. To be —ed up; _être enfermé comme dans une cage_; _être parqué comme des moutons_. =coo´per= (coup’-), _n._, tonnelier, boisselier, _m._ =coo´perage= (-’édje), _n._, tonnellerie, boissellerie, _f._ =coöp´erate= (-cô-), _v.n._, coopérer =à=, concourir =à=. =coöpera´tion= (cô-op’eur-é-), _n._, coopération, _f._, concours, _m._ =coöp´eratîve=, _adj._, coopérant, coopératif. =coöp´erator= (-teur), _n._, coopérateur, _m._ =coör´dinate= (cô-), _adj._, du même rang; égal; (math.) coordonné. =coör´dinately=, _adv._, également; au même degré. =coör´dinateness=, _n._, égalité de rang, coordination, _f._ =coör´dinates= (cô-or-di-nétse), _n._, (math.) coordonnées, _f.pl._ =coördina´tion= (-né-), _n._, égalité de rang; coordination, _f._ =coör´dinator=, _n._, coordonnateur, -trice, _m.f._ =coot= (coute), _n._, poule d’eau, foulque, _f._; (fig.) nigaud, _m._ =cop=, _n._, cime, crête, _f._, sommet, _m._, (of birds) huppe, aigrette, _f._ =copai´ba= (-pê-) _ou_ =copi´vi=, _n._, copahu, baume de copahu, _m._ =co´pal= (cô-), _n._, copal, _m._ =copar´cenary= _ou_ =copar´ceny= (côpâr-cè-), _n._, (jur.) indivis, _m._; succession par indivis, _f._ =copar´cener= (cô-pâr-cè-), _n._, (jur.) propriétaire indivis, _m._, propriétaire indivise, _f._ =copart´ner= (cô-pârt’-), _n._, associé, coassocié, _m._ =copart´nership= _ou_ =copart´nery= (cô-pârt’-), _n._, égalité de part; société en nom collectif, _f._ =copay´va= (-pê-), _n._ _V._ =copaiba=. =cope= (côpe), _n._, coiffe; (sacerdotal vestment) chape; (arch.) chape; voûte, _f._ — maker; _chapier_, _m._ =cope=, _v.a._, couvrir, chaperonner. =cope=, _v.n._, opposer; résister; lutter. To — with; _tenir tête_ =à=; _lutter_ =contre=; _rivaliser_ =avec=. =Coper´nican=, _adj._, copernicien. =cop´ier= _ou_ =cop´yist= (cop’i-, cop’i-iste), _n._, copiste, _m._ =co´ping= (cô’-), _adj._, (of a building) faîte; (of a wall) couronnement, chevron, _m._ =co´pious= (cô’), _adj._, abondant; copieux; riche. =co´piously=, _adv._, copieusement, abondamment; richement. =co´piousness=, _n._, abondance, richesse, _f._ =copped= (copte), _adj._, qui s’élève en pointe; conique; (ant.) (of birds) huppé. =cop´pel= (cop-), _n._ _V._ =cupel=. =cop´per= (cop-), _adj._, de cuivre. =cop´per=, _n._, cuivre, _m._; (boiler) chaudière, _f._; (small boiler) chaudron, _m.pl._, sous, _m.pl._, petite monnaie, _f._ —-hued _cuivré_. — nose; _nez couperosé_, _m._ =cop´per=, _v.a._, cuivrer; (vessels) doubler en cuivre. =cop´peras= (cop’peur-ace), _n._, couperose, _f._ =cop´per-bottomed= (-bot’teu’m’de), _adj._, doublé en cuivre, à fond de cuivre. =cop´per-colored= (-keul’leurde), _adj._, cuivré. =cop´per-plate=, _n._, planche de cuivre; taille-douce, _f._ =cop´per-plate= engraver, _n._, graveur en taille douce, _m._ =cop´per-plate= engraving, _n._, gravure en taille douce, _f._ =cop´per-sheathing=, _n._, doublage en cuivre, _m._ =cop´per-smlth= (-smith), _n._, chaudronnier, _m._ =cop´per-wares=, _n._, cuivrerie, _f._ =cop´per-wire= (-waïeur), _n._, fil de cuivre, fil de laiton, _m._ =cop´per-works= (-weurkse), _n._, usine à cuivre, _f._ =cop´pery= (cop’peur’i), _adj._, cuivreux. =cop´pice= _ou_ =copse=, _n._, taillis, _m._ =cop´pled= (cop’p’lde), _adj._, qui s’élève en pointe; conique. =copse=, _v.a._, conserver en taillis. =copse=, _n._ _V._ =coppice=. =Copt=, _n._, Cophte, Copte, _m._ =Cop´tic=, _n._, (language) cophte, copte, _m._ =Cop´tic=, _adj._, cophte, copte. =cop´ula= (cop’iou-), _n._, (log.) copule, _f._ =cop´ulate= (cop’iou-léte), _v.n._, s’accoupler. =copula´tion= (-lé-), _n._, copulation, _f._ =cop´ulative=, _adj._, (gram.) copulatif. =cop´ulative=, _n._, (gram.) copulative, _f._ =cop´y=, _n._, copie, _f._; (model for writing) exemple; (of printed books) exemplaire, _m._; (jur.) expédition, grosse, _f._; (for drawing) modèle; (of newspapers) numéro, _m._ Rough —; _brouillon_, _m._ To make a fair —; _mettre au net_. A true —; _pour copie conforme_, _pour ampliation_. =cop´y=, _v.a._, copier, transcrire. =cop´y-book= (-bouke), _n._, cahier, _m._ =cop´yhold= (-hôlde), _n._, tenure en vertu de copie du rôle de la cour seigneuriale, _f._ =cop´yholder=, _n._, tenancier par copyhold, _m._ =cop´ying-clerk=, _n._, expéditionnaire, _m._ =cop´ying-press= (copi’-ign’-prèce), _n._, presse à copier, _f._ =cop´yist=, _n._ _V._ =copier=. =cop´yright= (-raïte), _n._, droit d’auteur, droit de reproduction, _m._; propriété littéraire, _f._ This is —; _reproduction interdite_. =coquet´= (co-kète), _v.a._, faire des coquetteries =à=; dire des douceurs =à=; faire les doux yeux =à=; faire la coquette =avec=. =coquet´=, _v.n._, faire le coquet; faire la coquette; (l.u.) coqueter. =coquet´= _ou_ =coquette´=, _n._, coquette, _f._ =co´quetry= (co-kèt’ri), _n._, coquetterie, _f._ =coquet´tish=, _adj._, coquet, en coquette. =coquet´tishly=, _adv._, coquettement. =cor´acle=, _n._, nacelle, _f._, bateau pêcheur, _m._ =cor´al=, _n._, corail; (rattle) hochet de corail, _m._ —-reef; _banc de corail_, _m._ —-diver, —-fisher; _corailleur_, _m._ —-fishing, —-fishery; _pêche du corail_, _f._ —-wort; (bot.) _clandestine_, _dentaire_, _f._ =cor´al=, _adj._, de corail. =cor´alline= (cor-al-laïne), _n._, (natur. hist.) coralline, _f._ =cor´beil= (-bèle), _n._, (fort.) corbeille, _f._ =cor´bel=, _n._, (arch.) corbeau, _m._; niche, _f._ =cord=, _n._, corde, ganse, _f._; lien; cordon, cordage; (velvet) velours à cordes, _m._ =cord=, _v.a._, corder; (needlework) ganser. =cor´dage= (-’édje), _n._, cordes, _f.pl._; (nav.) cordage, _m._ — of a cannon; _comblan_, _comblau_, _combleau_, _m._ =cor´date= _ou_ =cor´dated= (-dé’-), _adj._, cordé, cordiforme. =cor´ded= (-’ède), _adj._, de corde; cordé, à côtes. =cor´delier= (-dè-lîre), _n._, cordelier, _m._ =cor´dial=, _adj._, cordial. =cor´dial=, _n._, cordial, _m._; liqueur, _f._ =cordial´ity=, _n._, cordialité, _f._ =cor´dially=, _adv._, cordialement. =cord´-maker= (-mék’-), _n._, cordier, _m._ =cor´don= (-deune), _n._, (arch., fort., milit.) cordon, _m._ =cor´duroy= (-diou-roï), _n._, velours (de coton) à côtes, _m._ =cord´-wood= (-woude), _n._, bois de stère, _m._ =core= (côre), _n._, cœur; (of fruit) trognon, cœur; (fig.) cœur, milieu, centre, _m._; âme, _f._; (of an abscess) bourbillon, fond, _m._ =cored= (cōr’d), _adj._, (herrings) salé. =co-re´gency=, _n._, corégence, _f._ =co-re´gent=, _n._, (ant.) corégent, _m._ =co-reli´gionist=, _n._, coreligionnaire, _m.f._ =co-respon´dent=, _n._, complice, _m._; codéfendeur, _m._ =corian´der= (cô-), _n._, (bot.) coriandre, _f._ =Corin´thian= (-thi-), _adj._, corinthien; de Corinthe. =co-ri´val= (cô-raï-), _n._, rival; compétiteur, _m._ =co-ri´valry= (cô-raï-), _n._, rivalité, _f._ =cork=, _n._, liège; bouchon, _m._; (float for swimming) nageoire, _f._ — cutter; _bouchonnier_, _m._ — tree; _chêne liège_, _m._ =cork=, _v.a._, boucher. =cork´ing=, _n._, bouchage, _m._ =cork´screw= (-scrou), _n._, tire-bouchon, _m._ — staircase; _escalier en limaçon_ ou _à vis_, _m._ =cork´y=, _adj._, de liège, subéreux. =cor´morant=, _n._, (orni.) cormoran; glouton, _m._ =corn= (cōr’n), _n._, blé; grain, froment, _m._; grains, _m.pl._; céréales, _f.pl._; (on the foot) cor, _m._ Soft —; _œil de perdrix_, _m._ Indian —; _maïs_, _blé de Turquie_, _m._ Ear of —; _épi de blé_, _m._ — brandy; _eau de vie de grains_, _f._ =corn=, _v.a._, saler; grener. =corn´chandler= (-tsha’n’d’-), _n._, blatier; marchand de blé; grainetier, _m._ =corn´-cockle=, _n._, nielle, _f._ =corn´-crops=, _n._, céréales, _f.pl._ =corn´cutter= (-keut’-), _n._, pédicure, _m._ =corn´dealer= (-dîl’-), _n._, marchand de blé, _m._ =corn´-drill=, _n._, (agri.) semoir, _m._ =cor´nea= (-ni-), _n._, (anat.) cornée, _f._ =corned´-beef= (cor’n’de-bîfe), _n._, bœuf salé, _m._ =corne´lian= (-nî-) _n._, (min.) cornaline, _f._ =corne´lian-tree= (-trî), _n._, cornouiller, _m._ =cor´nel-tree= (trî), _n._, cornouiller, _m._ =cor´neous= (-ni-), _adj._, corné. =cor´ner=, _n._, coin, angle, _m._; encoignure, encognure; extrémité; (tech.) cornière, _f._ — stone; _pierre angulaire_, _f._ — tooth; _incisive externe_, _f._ — house; _maison du coin_ ou _qui fait le coin_, _f._ — dish; _plat d’entrée_; (com.) _accaparement_, _m._ =cor´ner=, _v.a._, (wheat, salt, etc.) (com.) accaparer; pousser dans un coin; acculer; (fig.) mettre au pied du mur. =cor´nerwise= (-waïze), _adv._, diagonalement. =cor´net= (-nète), _n._, (mus., conch.) cornet; (milit.) porte-étendard, sous-lieutenant, cornette, _m._; (vet.) couronne, _f._; (of paper) cornet, _m._ =cor´netcy=, _n._, sous-lieutenance, _f._ =corn´-exchange=, _n._, halle au blé, _f._ =corn´-factor= (-teur), _n._, facteur en blé, _ou_ aux grains; blatier, _m._ =corn´field= (-fîlde), _n._, champ de blé, _m._ =corn´flag=, _n._, (bot.) glaïeul, _m._ =corn´-flower=, _n._, bluet, _m._ =cor´nice=, _n._, corniche, _f._ =cor´nicle= (-ni’k’l), _n._, (little horn) cornichon, _m._; cornicule, _f._ =cornif´ic=, _adj._, qui produit des cornes. =Corn´ish=, _adj._, de Cornouailles. =corn´ist=, _n._, corniste, _m._ =corn´-laws= (-lōze), _n.pl._, lois sur les céréales, _f.pl._ =corn´-market=, _n._, halle au blé, _f._ =corn´-merchant= (-tsha’n’te), _n._, négociant en blé, _m._ =corn´-pipe= (-païpe), _n._, chalumeau de paille, _m._ =corn´-poppy=, _n._, coquelicot, _m._ =corn´-salad=, _n._, mâche, doucette, _f._ =corn´-sheaf= (-shîfe), _n._, gerbe de blé, _f._ =corn´-stack=, _n._, meule de blé, _f._ =corn´-stalk= (-stōke), _n._, épi de blé, _m._ =corn´-trade=, _n._, commerce des grains, _m._ =cornuco´pia= (-niou-cô-), _n._, corne d’abondance, _f._ =cor´ny=, _adj._, de corne; de grains. =corol´la=, _n._, (bot.) corolle, _f._ =cor´ollary=, _n._, corollaire, _m._ =coro´na= (-rô-), _n._, couronne, _f._; (arch.) larmier, _m._; (anat., astron., bot.) couronne, _f._ =cor´onal=, _n._, couronne, guirlande; (anat.) suture coronale, _f._ =cor´onal=, _adj._, (anat.) coronal. =cor´onary=, _adj._, de couronne; (med.) coronaire. =corona´tion= (-né-), _n._, couronnement, sacre, _m._ =cor´oner=, _n._, coroner, _m._ =cor´onet= (-nète), _n._, couronne; (head-dress) ferronnière, _f._ =cor´poral=, _n._, (nav.) caporal; (of infantry) caporal; (of cavalry, of artillery) brigadier, _m._ =cor´poral=, _adj._, corporel. =corporale´= (-rél), _n._, (c.rel.) corporal, _m._ =corporal´ity=, _n._, (theol.) corporalité, matérialité, _f._ =cor´porally=, _adv._, corporellement; de corps. =cor´porate=, _adj._, érigé en corporation; de corporation, collectif, corporatif. =corpora´tion= (-ré-), _n._, corporation, communauté, société, _f._; (of a town) conseil municipal, _m._, municipalité; (jest.) bedaine, _f._ =corpo´real= (-pô-ri-), _adj._, corporel, matériel. =corpo´really=, _adv._, corporellement, matériellement. =corpore´ity= (-pô-rî-i-), _n._, matérialité, _f._ =corpo´reous= (-pô-ri-), _adj._, (ant.). _V._ =corporeal=. =corpo´rify= (-faïe), _v.a._, corporifier, corporiser. =cor´posant= (-za’n’te), _n._, (nav.) feu Saint-Elme, _m._ =corps= (côr; _pl._ côrze), _n._, corps, _m._, troupe, _f._ Army —; _corps d’armée_, _m._ =corpse= (corpse), _n._, cadavre; corps mort, _m._ =cor´pulence= _ou_ =cor´pulency= (-piou-), _n._, corpulence, _f._; embonpoint, _m._ =cor´pulent= (-piou-), _adj._, corpulent; replet, gras. =Cor´pus-Chris´ti= (cor’peusse-kris-taïe), _n._, (c.rel.) la Fête-Dieu, _f._ =cor´puscle= (-peus’s’l), _n._, corpuscule, _m._ =corpus´cular= (-peus’kiou-) _ou_ =corpuscula´rian= (-peus’kiou-lé-), _adj._, corpusculaire. =corpuscula´rian= (-peus’kiou-lé-), _n._, corpusculiste, _m._ =correct´=, _adj._, correct, convenable, régulier, en règle, exact; juste; (of style) pur, bon. =correct´=, _v.a._, corriger, rectifier; réparer, régler, reprendre. To stand —ed; _reconnaître son erreur_; _avouer qu’on a tort_. —ed copy; _corrigé_, _m._, _copie corrigée_, _f._ =correc´tion=, _n._, correction, _f._ Under —; _sauf correction_. =correctional=, _adj._, correctionnel, -le. =correc´tive=, _adj._, de correction; correctif. =correc´tive=, _n._, correctif, _m._ =correct´ly=, _adv._, correctement, exactement, justement, juste; convenablement; purement, régulièrement. =correct´ness=, _n._, exactitude, justesse, convenance, (of style) pureté; (of a copy) fidélité, _f._ =correc´tor= (-teur), _n._, correcteur, _m._ =cor´relate= (-ri-léte), _v.n._, être corrélatif, correspondre. =correla´tion= (-ri-lé-), _n._, corrélation, _f._ =correl´ative= (-rèl-è-), _adj._, corrélatif. =correl´ative=, _n._, corrélatif, _m._ =correl´atively=, _adv._, par corrélation, d’une manière corrélative. =correl´ativeness=, _n._, caractère corrélatif, _m._ =correspond´=, _v.n._, correspondre =à= _ou_ =avec=; se correspondre; se rapporter =à=; répondre =à=; s’accorder =avec=; être en rapport =avec=; être conforme =à=. =correspon´dence=, _n._, correspondance, _f._; rapport, _m._, relations, _f.pl._; intelligence, _f._ =correspon´dent=, _adj._, correspondant =à=, conforme =à=; qui se rapporte =à=. =correspon´dent=, _n._, correspondant, _m._ =correspon´dently=, _adv._, d’une manière correspondante, conformément =à=. =correspon´ding=, _adj._, correspondant =à=. =correspon´sive=, _adj._, correspondant =à=, conforme =à=. =cor´ridor= (-dôr), _n._, corridor; (fort.) chemin couvert, _m._ =cor´rigible= (-ri-dji-b’l), _adj._, corrigible; punissable. =cor´rigibleness=, _n._, caractère corrigible, _m._ =corrob´orant=, _adj._, (pharm.) corroborant. =corrob´orant=, _n._, (pharm.) corroborant, _m._ =corrob´orate=, _v.a._, corroborer, fortifier, confirmer. =corrobora´tion= (-ré-), _n._, corroboration; confirmation, _f._ In — of; _à l’appui_ =de=. =corrob´orative=, _adj._, corroboratif. =corrob´orative=, _n._, (pharm.) corroborant, _m._ =corrode´= (-rôde), _v.a._, corroder, ronger; (fig.) miner, détruire. =corro´dent=, _adj._, corrodant. =corrodibil´ity= _ou_ =corro´sibility= (-ci-), _n._, qualité de ce qui peut être corrodé, _f._ =corro´dible= _ou_ =corro´sible= (-ci-), _adj._, qui peut être corrodé, susceptible de corrosion. =corro´sion= (-rô-jeune), _n._, corrosion; (fig.) destruction, _f._ =corro´sive= (-rô-cive), _adj._, corrosif; (fig.) rongeur. — care; (fig.) _souci rongeur_, _m._ =corro´sive=, _n._, corrosif, _m._ =corro´sively=, _adv._, comme un corrosif. =corro´siveness=, _n._, nature corrosive, _f._ =cor´rugant= (-riou-), _adj._, qui ride, qui plisse. =cor´rugate=, _v.a._, rider, plisser, froncer; onduler. —d iron; _fer cannelé_, _m._; _tôle ondulée_, _f._ =cor´rugate=, _v.n._, se plisser, se froncer, se rider. =corruga´tion= (-riou-ghé-), _n._, cannelure, _f._; (fig.) plissement, froncement, _m._ =corrupt´= (cor-reupte), _v.a._, corrompre, altérer. =corrupt´=, _v.n._, se corrompre, se gâter, s’altérer. To become —; _se corrompre_, _se dépraver_. =corrupt´=, _adj._, corrompu, dépravé, gâté, vicié. =corrupt´er=, _n._, corrupteur, _m._, corruptrice. _f._ =corruptibil´ity=, _n._, corruptibilité, _f._ =corrupt´ible=, _adj._, corruptible. =corrupt´ibly=, _adv._, d’une manière corruptible. =corrupt´ing=, _adj._, corrupteur. =corrup´tion=, _n._, corruption, dégradation, _f._; (matter) pus, _m._ =corrup´tive= (cor-reup’-), _adj._, (l.u.) corruptif. =corrupt´less=, _adj._, incorruptible. =corrupt´ly=, _adv._, par la corruption; par corruption, d’une manière corrompue. =corrupt´ness=, _n._, corruption, _f._ =corrupt-prac´tices=, _n._, (in elections) subornation (directe _ou_ indirecte), _f._ =corrupt´ress=, _n._, corruptrice, _f._ =cor´sair=, _n._, corsaire, _m._ =corse=, _n._, (poet.) cadavre, _m._ =corse´let= (cors’lète), _n._, corselet, _m._ =corse´let=, _v.a._, revêtir d’un corselet. =cor´set= (-sète), _n._, corset, _m._ =cor´set-maker= (-mék’-), _n._, fabricant de corsets, _m._; corsetière, _f._ =Cor´sican=, _adj._, corse; de Corse. =Cor´tes= (-tîze), _n.pl._, cortès, _f.pl._ =cor´tical=, _adj._, cortical. =corun´dum= (co-reu’n’deume), _n._, corindon, _m._ =corus´cant= (-reus’-), _adj._, scintillant, brillant. =corus´cate=, _v.n._, scintiller, briller. =corusca´tion= (-eus’ké-), _n._, coruscation; (fig.) éclat, _m._, éclair, _f._ =corvette´=, _n._, corvette, _f._ =co´rymb=, _n._, (bot.) corymbe, _m._ =coryphe´us=, _n._, coryphée, _m._ =co-se´cant= (cô-cî-), _n._, (geom.) cosécante, _f._ =co´sey=, =co´sy=, _ou_ =co´zy= (cô-zi), _adj._, (of apartments) commode et petit; chaud, confortable. _n._, (tea) coussinet de théière, _m._ =co´sily= (cô-zi-), _adv._, à l’aise; agréablement. =co´sine= (co-çaïne), _n._, (geom.) cosinus, _m._ =cos-let´tuce= (-lèt’tiss), _n._, laitue romaine, _f._ =cosmet´ic= (coz’-), _adj._, cosmétique. =cosmet´ic=, _n._, cosmétique, _m._ =cos´mic= _ou_ =cos´mical= (coz’-), _adj._, cosmique. =cos´mically=, _adv._, avec le soleil (_à son lever_ ou _à son coucher_). =cosmog´ony= (coz’-), _n._, cosmogonie, _f._ =cosmog´rapher= (coz’-), _n._, cosmographe, _m._ =cosmograph´ic= _ou_ =cosmograph´ical=, _adj._, cosmographique. =cosmograph´ically=, _adv._, d’une manière cosmographique. =cosmog´raphy= (coz’-), _n._, cosmographie, _f._ =cosmolog´ical= (coz’-), _adj._, cosmologique. =cosmol´ogist=, _n._, personne versée dans la cosmologie, _f._ =cosmol´ogy= (coz’-), _n._, cosmologie, _f._ =cosmopol´itan= (coz’-) _ou_ =cosmop´olite= (coz’mop-o-laïte), _n._, cosmopolite, _m._ =cosmora´ma= (coz’mo-râ-), _n._, (opt.) cosmorama, _m._ =Cos´sack=, _m._, cosaque, _m._ =cos´set= (cos’sète), _n._, agneau favori; agneau privé; favori, _m._, favorite, _f._ _v.a._, dorloter, caresser. =cost=, _n._, prix; frais, _m._; dépense, _f._; (com.) coût, _m._; dépens, _m.pl._ _pl._, (jur.) dépens, _m.pl._ — price; _prix coûtant_, ou _prix de revient_, _m._ To one’s —; _à ses dépens_. To carry —s; (jur.) _entraîner les dépens_. At your own —; _à vos risques et périls_. At any —; _à tout prix_, _à tous hasards_. =cost=, _v.n._, (_preterit_ and _past part._, Cost), coûter. — what it may; _coûte que coûte_. It costs me (pain) to find fault with you; _il m’en coûte de vous blâmer_. =cos´tal=, _adj._, (anat.) costal. =cos´termonger= _ou_ =cos´ter= (cos-’teur-meugn’-gh’eur), _n._, marchand ambulant de (pommes et d’autres fruits), marchand des quatre saisons, _m._ =cos´tive=, _adj._, constipé. =cos´tiveness=, _n._, constipation, _f._ =cost´less=, _adj._, qui ne coûte rien, sans frais. =cost´liness=, _n._, haut prix, pris élevé, _m._; dépense; somptuosité; richesse, _f._ =cost´ly=, _adj._, coûteux, de prix; somptueux; de luxe. =cost´mary=, _n._, (bot.) balsamite, balsamite odorante, _f._ =cos´tume= (-tioume), _n._, costume, _m._ =cos´tumer= _ou_ -=ier=, _n._, costumier, _m._ =co-suf´ferer=, _n._, compagnon d’infortune, _m._ =co-sure´ty= (cô-chour’-), _n._, (jur.) cofidéjusseur, _m._ =cos´y= (cô-zi), _adj._, petit et commode, etc. _V._ =co´sey=. =cot=, _n._, cabane; chaumière, _f._; (for sheep) parc; (bed) petit lit, lit d’enfant; lit volant; (nav.) lit de bord, cadre, hamac à l’anglaise, _m._ =cotan´gent= (cô-ta’n’-djè’n’te), _n._, cotangente, _f._ =cotem´porary= (cô-). _V._ =contem´porary=. =coten´ant= (cô-tè’n’-), _n._, (jur.) co-tenancier, _m._; colocataire, _m.f._ =co´terie= (cô-teu-rî), _n._, coterie, clique, _f._ =coter´minous=, _adj._, limitrophe =de=, voisin =de=, contigu =à=. =cothurn´= (-theurne), _n._, cothurne, _m._ =cothur´nate= _ou_ =cothur´nated= (-theur’-), _adj._, qui a chaussé le cothurne; (fig., ant.) tragique. =cot´quean= (cot’kwîne), _n._, jocrisse; fouille au pot, _m._ =co-trustee´=, _n._, cotuteur, curateur, _m._, -trice, _f._ =cots´wold= (cots’wôlde), _n._, parc, en pleine campagne, _m._, (of sheep). =cot´tage= (cot’tédje), _n._, chaumière, cabane, petite maison, villa, _f._ Swiss —; _chalet_, _m._ — piano; _piano droit_, _m._ — farming; _petite culture_, _f._ =cot´tager=, _n._, paysan, _m._, paysanne, _f._, villageois, _m._ =cot´ter= (cot’-) _ou_ =cot´tier= (cot’tieur), _n._, paysan, _m._, paysanne, _f._; villageois, _m._; (tech.) clavette, _f._ =cot´ton= (cot’t’n), _n._, coton; calicot; fil d’Ecosse, _m._ Darning-—; _coton plat_. Sewing-—; _fil d’Ecosse_, _coton à coudre_. Knitting-—; _coton à tricoter_. Ball of —; _pelote de coton_, _f._ Reel of —; _bobine de coton_, _f._ =cot´ton=, _v.n._, cotonner; se cotonner, être intimement lié =avec=. To — to; _prendre en amitié_; (with) _corder_ =avec=. =cot´ton-check= (-tshèke), _n._, cotonnade, _f._ =cot´ton-cloth= (-clōth), _n._, toile de coton, _f._, calicot, _m._; cotonnade, _f._ =cot´ton-cord=, _n._, ganse de coton, _f._ =cot´ton-fabric=, _n._, tissu de coton, calicot, _m._ =cot´ton-factory= (-teu’ri), _n._, filature de coton, _f._ =cot´ton-gin= (-djine), _n._, (tech.) machine à égrener le coton, égreneuse à coton, _f._ =cot´ton-goods=, _n.pl._, cotonnade, _f._ =cot´ton-jen´ny= (-djè’n’ni), _n._, métier à filer le coton, _m._ =cot´ton-mill=, _n._, moulin à coton, _m._; filature de coton, _f._ =cot´ton-plant=, =cot´ton-shrub= (-shreube), _ou_ =cot´ton-tree= (-trî), _n._, cotonnier, _m._ =cot´ton-spinner=, _n._, filateur de coton, _m._ =cot´ton-spinning=, _n._, filage du coton, _m._ =cot´ton-trade=, _n._, commerce des cotons, _m._ =cot´ton-velvet=, _n._, velours de coton, _m._ =cot´ton-waste=, _n._, bourre de coton, _f._ =cot´ton-wool= (-woule), _n._, ouate, _f._ =cot´ton-yarn= (-yârne), _n._, fil de coton, _m._ =cotyle´don= (-lî-deune), _n._, (bot., anat.) cotylédon, _m._ =cotyle´donous=, _adj._, cotylédoné. =couch= (caoutshe), _n._, couche, chaise longue, _f._; lit de repos; canapé, _m._ =couch=, _v.n._, coucher; se coucher; se baisser; se tapir. =couch=, _v.a._, coucher; étendre; (of writing) rédiger; exprimer, mettre, _ou_ coucher, par écrit; cacher; (surg.) abaisser la cataracte; (mil.) tenir (la lance) en arrêt. =couch´ant=, _adj._, couché, accroupi, tapi; (her.) couché. =couch´er=, _n._, oculiste, _m._ =couch´grass= (-grâce), _n._, chiendent, _m._ =cough= (cofe), _n._, toux, _f._ Hooping-—; _coqueluche_, _f._ — drop; _pastille_ (pour la toux), _f._ To have a —; _avoir la toux_. To have a bad —; _avoir une mauvaise toux_. =cough=, _v.n._, tousser. =cough= (=up=), _v.a._, expectorer. =cough´er=, _n._, tousseur, _m._, tousseuse, _f._ =cough´ing=, _n._, toux. Fit of —; _accès_, _m._, _quinte de toux_, _f._ =could= (coude). _V._ =can= (verb). =coul´ter= (côl’-), _n._, coutre, _m._ =coun´cil= (caou’n’-), _n._, conseil; (eccl.) concile, _m._ Cabinet —; _réunion du Cabinet_, _f._ =coun´cil-board= (-bôrde), _n._, table du conseil, _m._ =coun´cil-chamber=, _n._, salle du conseil, _f._ =coun´cilor= (-’leur), coun´cilman, _n._, conseiller, conseiller municipal, _m._ =coun´sel= (-sèle), _n._, conseil, avis, _m._, discrétion, _f._; défenseurs, avocats d’une partie, _m.pl._, avocat, défenseur, _m._ To hold —; _tenir conseil_. To keep one’s —; _garder le secret_. Keep your own —; (loc.) _n’en parlez à personne_. — keeper; _personne discrète_, _f._; _confident_, _m._ To take —’s opinion; _consulter un avocat_. =coun´sel=, _v.a._, conseiller. =coun´selable=, _adj._, conseillable. =coun´selor= (-sèl’leur), _n._, conseil, avocat, _m._ =coun´selorship=, _n._, fonctions de conseil, _f.pl._, charge d’avocat, _f._ =count= (caou’n’te), _n._, calcul; compte, _m._; (jur.) charge, _f._; chef d’accusation; (title) comte, _m._ =count=, _v.a._, compter; (to esteem, consider) regarder, considérer, compter; (to place to account) imputer =à=. To — out; _ajourner_ (une réunion). _v.n._, to — upon; _compter_ =sur=. The House was counted out at 8 o’clock; _on a ajourné la Chambre à huit heures_. That was —ed to him for righteousness; _cela lui fut imputé à justice_. =coun´tenance= (caou’n’tè’n’-), _n._, figure, mine, expression, physionomie; contenance, _f._; air, _m._; (fig.) faveur, protection; approbation, _f._; appui, _m._ How looks her —? _quelle mine a-t-elle?_ The knight of the rueful —; _le chevalier à la triste figure_. To be out of —; _perdre contenance_, _être décontenancé_. To keep one’s —; _garder son sérieux_, _faire bonne contenance_. The light of his —; (biblically) _la lumière de son visage_. To look any one out of —; _faire baisser les yeux à quelqu’un_. To put in —; _mettre à son aise_, ou _donner de l’assurance_ =à=. To give — to; _favoriser_, _encourager_. To change —; _changer de visage_. To put out of —; _décontenancer_. To stare out of —; _dévisager quelqu’un_. =coun´tenance=, _v.a._, appuyer, encourager, favoriser, autoriser; soutenir, défendre; approuver; être en faveur =de=. =coun´ter=, _n._, calculateur, compteur; (at cards) jeton; (of a shop) comptoir, _m._; (mus.) haute-contre, _f._, (instrument) compteur, _m._ — jumper; (pop.) _calicot_, _m._ =coun´ter=, _adv._, contre; contrairement =à=; à l’encontre =de=. To run — to a thing; _aller à l’encontre de quelque chose_. To go _ou_ run — to a person; _heurter_, _contrarier quelqu’un_, _aller à l’encontre_ =de=. =counteract´= (caou’n’teur’acte), _v.a._, compenser; détruire; faire obstacle =à=; contrecarrer; balancer; déjouer; neutraliser. =counterac´tion=, _n._, action contraire, _f._, mouvement opposé, _m._; opposition, résistance, _f._, empêchement, obstacle, _m._ =coun´ter-alley=, _n._, contre-allée, _f._ =coun´ter-attraction=, _n._, attraction opposée, _f._ =coun´terbalance=, _n._, contrepoids, _m._ =counterbal´ance=, _v.a._, contre-balancer. =coun´ter-bass= (-béce), _n._, (mus.) contre-basse, _f._ =coun´terbond=, _n._, (jur.) sous-garantie (donnée au garant), _f._ =coun´terbuff= (-beufe), _v.a._, rendre un coup; arrêter, faire reculer par un coup. =coun´terbuff=, _n._, coup rendu, _m._ =coun´terchange= (-tshé’n’dje), _n._, contre-échange, _m._ =counterchange´=, _v.a._, échanger. =coun´tercharge=, _n._, contre-accusation, contre-plainte, _f._ =coun´tercharm= (-tshârme), _n._, contre-charme, _m._ =coun´tercheck= (-tshèke), _n._, frein, obstacle, _m._, censure, réprimande, _f._ =counter-check´=, _v.a._, opposer, réprimer, blâmer, contrecarrer. =coun´ter-current=, _n._, contre-courant, _m._ =coun´ter-deed=, _n._, contre-lettre, _f._ =coun´ter-drain= (-drone), _n._, contre-fossé, _m._ =counterdraw´= (-drō), _v.a._, calquer. =coun´terdrawing= (-drō-igne), _n._, calque, _m._ =coun´ter-evidence=, _n._, déposition contradictoire, _f._, témoignage contraire, _m._ =coun´terfeit= (-fite), _n._, contrefaçon; imitation, _f._; (pers.) imposteur, _m._ =coun´terfeit=, _adj._, contrefait, feint, simulé, faux. =coun´terfeit=, _v.a._, contrefaire; imiter; feindre. =coun´terfeit=, _v.n._, feindre. =coun´terfeiter=, _n._, contrefacteur; imitateur; faussaire, faux-monnayeur, _m._ =coun´terfeiting=, _n._, contrefaçon, _m._ =coun´ter-ferment= (-feur-), _n._, ferment agissant en sens contraire, _m._ =coun´ter-fissure=. _V._ =contra-fissure=. =coun´terfoil=, _n._, contre-taille, talon de souche, _m._ =coun´terfort= (-fôrte), _n._, contre-boutant; contrefort, _m._ =coun´ter-fugue= (-fioughe), _n._, (mus.) contre-fugue, _f._ =coun´terguard= (-gârde), _n._, (fort.) contre-garde, _f._ =coun´ter-indication= (-ké-), _n._, contre-indication, _f._ =coun´ter-lath= (-lâth), _n._, (carp.) contre-latte, _f._ =counter-lath´=, _v.a._, (carp.) contre-latter. =coun´terlight= (-laïte), _n._, (paint.) contre-jour, _m._ =coun´termand=, _n._, contre-ordre, contremandement, _m._ =countermand´=, _v.a._, contremander, décommander. =counter-march´= (-mârtshe), _n._, (milit.) contremarche, _f._ =coun´ter-march=, _v.n._, (milit.) exécuter, _ou_ faire, une contremarche. =coun´termark= (-mârke), _n._, contremarque, _f._ =countermark´=, _v.a._, contremarquer. =countermine= (-maïne), _n._, contre-mine, _f._ =countermine´=, _v.a._, contre-miner, (fig.) opposer, détruire, déjouer, combattre. =coun´ter-motion= (-mô-), _n._, contre-projet, _m._; contre-proposition, _f._ =coun´termovement= (-mouv’-), _n._, (milit.) contremarche, _f._; mouvement opposé, _m._ =coun´termure= (-mioure), _n._, contre-mur, _m._ =countermure´=, _v.a._, coutre-murer. =coun´ter-natural= (-nat’iou-), _adj._, contre nature. =coun´ter-negotiation=, _n._, négociation contraire, _f._ =coun´terpace= (-péce), _n._, contre-pas, _m._ =coun´terpane= (-pêne), _n._, courtepointe, _f._; couvre-pied, _m._ =coun´terpart= (-pârte), _n._, contre-partie, _f._; pendant; (jur.) (of deeds) double, duplicata, _m._; (mus.) contre-partie, _f._ =coun´ter-petition= (-pi-), _n._, pétition opposée, ou contre pétition. =coun´terplea= (-plî), _n._, (jur.) réplique, _f._ =coun´terplot=, _n._, contre-ruse, (l.u.) _f._ =counterplot´=, _v.a._, combattre par une contre-ruse. =coun´terpoint= (-poï’n’te), _n._, (mus.) contrepoint, _m._ =coun´terpoise= (-poïze), _n._, contrepoids, _m._ =coun´terpoise=, _v.a._, contre-balancer. =coun´terpoison= (-poï-z’n), _n._, contrepoison, _m._ =coun´terpressure= (-prèsh’eur), _n._, pression contraire, _f._ =coun´terproject= (-prodj’ècte), _n._, contre-projet, _m._ =coun´terproof= (-proufe), _n._, contre-épreuve, _f._ =counterprove´= (-prouve), _v.a._, contre-tirer, tirer une contre-épreuve. =coun´ter-revolution= (-liou-), _n._, contre-révolution, _f._ =coun´ter-revolutionary=, _adj._, contre-révolutionnaire. =coun´ter-revolutionist=, _n._, contre-révolutionnaire, _m.f._ =coun´terroll= (-rôle), _n._, (jur.) contrôle, duplicata, _m._ =coun´terscarp= (-scârpe), _n._, (fort.) contre-scarpe, _f._ =coun´terseal= (-sîl), _v.a._, contre-sceller. =coun´ter-security= (-sèkiou-), _n._, (jur.) sous-garantie, _f._ =countersign´= (-saïne), _v.a._, contresigner. =coun´tersign=, _n._, (milit.) mot de ralliement, _m._ =coun´ter-signature= (-sig-na-tioure), _n._, contreseing, _m._ =coun´ter-statement= (-stéte’-), _n._, assertion, exposition, contraire d’un fait, _f._ =coun´ter-statute= (-stat’ioute), _n._, statut contraire, _m._ =coun´ter-struggle= (-streug’g’l), _n._, lutte en sens contraire, _f._ =coun´tersway= (-swé), _n._, influence opposée, _f._ =coun´tertally=, _n._, (com.) contre-taille, _f._ =coun´tertaste= (-téste), _n._, faux goût, _m._ =coun´tertenor= (-tè’n’-), _n._, (mus.) haute-contre, _f._ =coun´tertide= (-taïde), _n._, retour de marée, _m._, _ou_ contre-marée, _f._ =coun´tertime= (-taïme), _n._, résistance, opposition, _f._; défense, résistance (d’un cheval). =coun´tervail= (-véle), _n._, équivalence, compensation, _f._ =countervail´=, _v.a._, contre-balancer; compenser, balancer. =coun´terview= (-viou), _n._, contraste; point de vue opposé, _m._ =counterwheel´= (-hwîl), _v.a._, (milit.) commander, exécuter une conversion en arrière. =counterwork´= (-weurke), _v.a._, contreminer; confondre, déjouer, contrecarrer. =coun´terworks=, _n.pl._, (fort.) contre-attaque, _f._ =count´ess= (caou’n’t’-), _n._, comtesse, _f._ =count´ing-house= (-haouce), _n._, bureau, comptoir, _m._; caisse, _f._ =count´less=, _adj._, innombrable, sans nombre. =coun´trified= (keu’n’trie-faïde), _adj._, provincial; campagnard; agreste, champêtre; rustique. =coun´try= (keu’n’trie), _n._, patrie; contrée, _f._; pays, _m._; région; campagne, _f._ To live in the —; _demeurer à la campagne_. — town; _ville de province_, _f._ — gentleman; _gentilhomme campagnard_, _gentilhomme de province_, _m._ — girl; _petite villageoise_, _payse_, _paysanne_, _f._ — life; _vie champêtre_; _vie de province_, _f._ =coun´try-box=, _n._, pied-à-terre, _m._ =coun´try-house= (-haouce), _n._, maison de campagne, _f._ =coun´try-man= (-ma’n), _n._, habitant d’un pays; compatriote; paysan, campagnard, homme de la campagne, _m._ What — are you? _de quel pays êtes-vous?_ Fellow-—; _compatriote_, _m._ =coun´try-parson=, _n._, curé de village _ou_ de campagne, _m._ =coun´try-people=, _n.pl._, campagnards, provinciaux, gens de la campagne, _m.pl._ =coun´try-seat= (-sîte), _n._, campagne; maison de campagne, _f._; château, _m._ =coun´ty= (caou’n’-), _n._, comté, _m._ — court; _tribunal de première instance_, _m._ — town; _chef-lieu_, _m._ — rate; _impôt départemental_, _m._ =cou´pée= (-pé), _n._, (dance) coupé, _m._ =coup´le= (keup’p’l), _n._, couple, _f._; (a male and female) couple, _m._; (carp.) moise, _f._; (mec.) couple, _m._ =coup´le=, _v.n._, s’accoupler. =coup´le=, _v.a._, coupler, accoupler, attacher, atteler; joindre. =coup´let= (keup’lète), _n._, couplet, distique, _m._, strophe, _f._ =coup´ling=, _n._, accouplement, assemblage, _m.pl._, (rail.) attelage, _m._ — chain; _chaîne de sûreté_, _chaîne d’attelage_, _f._ — iron; _tendeur_, _m._ =cour´age= (keur’édje), _n._, courage, _m._ =coura´geous= (keur’ré’djeusse), _adj._, courageux. =coura´geously=, _adv._, courageusement. =coura´geousness=, _n._, courage, _m._ =cour´ier= (cou’rieur), _n._, courrier, _m._ =course= (côrse), _n._, cours, _m._; course, carrière, voie, suite, succession, _f._; (of life) genre; (at a meal) service; (duration) courant, _m._; (for races) arène, _f._, terrain de course; (for horse-races) hippodrome, _m._; (mas.) assise, _f._; (geol.) filon, _m._; (nav.) route, _f.pl._, (med.) règles, _f.pl._ In due —; _en ordre_, _en son temps_, _en temps utile_, _en temps et lieu_. In the — of; _dans le cours_ =de=; (of time) _dans le courant_ =de=. In — of time; _avec le temps_. Of —; _naturellement_; _bien entendu_, _cela va sans dire_; (jur.) _de droit_. That is a matter of —; _cela va sans dire_. To take its —; _prendre son cours_. Water-—; _lit de rivière_; _cours d’eau_, _m._ In — of formation; _en train de se constituer_; _en voie de formation_. =course=, _v.a._, courir; faire courir, parcourir; chasser, poursuivre. =course=, _v.n._, courir, circuler (of the blood). =cours´er=, _n._, coureur, coursier, chasseur (à courre), _m._ =court= (côrte), _n._, cour, _f._; tribunal, _m._; (small street) impasse, _f._; passage, _m._ Criminal —; _cour de justice criminelle_. To go to —; _aller à la cour_. To pay one’s — to; _faire sa cour_ =à=. In open —; _en plein tribunal_. — yard; _cour_, _f._ — day; _jour d’audience_, _m._ =court=, _v.a._, faire la cour =à=; courtiser; fêter; solliciter; rechercher, briguer; prier, inviter. To — inquiries; _inviter les renseignements_ ou _être prêt à donner tous les renseignments_. =court´-baron=, _n._, cour seigneuriale, _f._ =court´-bred= (-brède), _adj._, élevé à la cour. =court´-card=, _n._, figure, _f._ =court´-chaplain=, _n._, aumônier de la cour, _m._ =court´-day=, _n._, jour d’audience, _m._; jour de palais, _m._ =court´-dress=, _n._, habit de cour, _m._ =court´eous= (keur-tè- _ou_ kôrtieusse), _adj._, courtois; poli. =court´eously=, _adv._, courtoisement; poliment. =court´eousness=, _n._, courtoisie; politesse, _f._ =court´er=, _n._, amant, soupirant, prétendant, _m._ =court´esy= (keur-tè-ci), _n._, courtoisie; politesse; (keur’t’ci) (_V._ =curtsey=) révérence _f._ =courte´sy=, _v.n._ (_V._ =curtsey=). =cour´tezan= (keur-tè-z’ne), _n._, courtisane, _f._ =court´-hand=, _n._, écriture de palais, _f._ =court´-house=, _n._, salle des réunions, _f._; palais de justice, _m._ =court´ier= (côrt’ieur), _n._, courtisan, _m._ =court´like= (côrt’laïke), _adj._, de cour; poli; élégant. =court´liness= (côrt-), _n._, élégance, politesse, _f._ =court´ly=, _adj._, de cour; poli, élégant; courtois, gracieux. =court´ly=, _adv._, dans le ton de la cour; poliment, avec grâce. =court-mar´tial= (-mâr’sh’al), _n._, conseil de guerre, _m._ =court´-plaster= (-plâs’-), _n._, taffetas d’Angleterre, _m._ =court´-roll=, _n._, ☉terrier, _m._ =court´ship=, _n._, cour, _f._ =court´yard=, _n._, cour, _f._ =cous´in= (keu’z’n), _n._, cousin, _m._, cousine, _f._ First —; _cousin germain_, _cousine germaine_. Second —; _cousin issu_, ou _cousine issue_, _de germain_. =cove= (côve), _n._, (geog.) anse, crique, _f._; (pers.) gaillard, individu, _m._ =cove=, _v.a._, voûter, cintrer. =cov´enant= (keuv’è-), _n._, convention, _f._; pacte, contrat; (Eng. hist.) covenant, _m._ To enter into a —; _s’engager par contrat_ =à=. =cov´enant=, _v.n._, convenir =de=; s’engager =à=. =cov´enant=, _v.a._, accorder, promettre, stipuler par contrat. =covenantee´=, _n._, obligataire, _m.f._ =cov´enanter=, _n._, partie contractante, _f._; (jur.) débiteur, _m._, débitrice, _f._; (English hist.) covenantaire, religionnaire, _m._ =Cov´entry=, _n._ To send to —; _mettre en quarantaine_. To be sent to —; _être mis en quarantaine_. To be in —; _être en quarantaine_. =cov´er= (keuv’-), _v.a._, couvrir =de= _ou_ =en=, recouvrir =de= _ou_ =en=, déguiser; cacher; (of birds) couver; (of animals) couvrir, saillir. To — distances; _parcourir du pays_. =cov´er=, _n._, couverture; (of a dish, a plate) cloche; (of a letter, a parcel) enveloppe; (of a chair) housse, _f._; (of a pot, a saucepan) couvercle; (bot.) involucre; (fig.) voile, masque; abri, (of a table) tapis; couvert, _m._ Under —; _à couvert_, _à l’abri_ =de=. Under registered —; _sous enveloppe chargée_. Under —; _sous enveloppe_; _sous la protection_; _à la faveur_ =de=; _sous le masqué_ =de=; _à l’abri_ =de=; (fig.) _sous l’apparence_ =de=; _sous de faux semblants_ =de=. =cov´ering=, _n._, couverture, enveloppe; (of chairs) housse, _f._; (of clothing) habits, vêtements, _m.pl._ =cov´erlet= (keuv’eur’lète), _n._, couvre-pied, couvre-lit, _m._ =cov´ert= (keuv’eurte), _n._, couvert, abri; gîte, fort, _m._; tanière, _f._ =cov´ert=, _adj._, couvert; caché, secret; insidieux; (jur.) en puissance de mari. =cov´ertly=, _adv._, secrètement, en cachette. =cov´erture= (keuv’eurt’ioure), _n._, abri; (jur.) état de la femme en puissance de mari, _m._ =cov´ert-way= (-wè), _n._, (fort.) chemin couvert, _m._ =cov´et= (keuv’ète), _v.a._, convoiter; ambitionner; désirer ardemment. =cov´etable=, _adj._, convoitable. =cov´etous=, _adj._, avide, avare, cupide, convoiteux. =cov´etously=, _adv._, avec convoitise; avidement. =cov´etousness=, _n._, convoitise, avarice; cupidité, avidité, _f._ =cov´ey= (keuv’è), _n._, (of birds of the same nest) couvée; (of birds) volée; bande, compagnie, _f._ =cov´ing= (côv’-), _n._, voussure, _f._ =cow= (cao), _n._, vache, _f._ Milch —; _vache laitière_, _vache à lait_. — hair; _bourre de vache_, _f._ — house, — shed; _vacherie_, _étable à vaches_, _f._ =cow=, _v.a._, intimider; dompter; accabler; atterrer. =cow´ard= (caou’eurde), _n._, lâche, couard, poltron, _m._, poltronne, _f._ =cow´ardice=, _n._, couardise, poltronnerie, lâcheté, _f._ =cow´ardliness=, _n._, couardise, lâcheté, _f._ =cow´ardly=, _adj._, couard, lâche, poltron. =cow´ardly=, _adv._, couardement, lâchement, en poltron; en lâche. =cow´-bane=, _n._, (bot.) cicutaire aquatique, ciguë vireuse, _f._ =cow´-berry= (-bèr’-), _n._, (bot.) airelle, canneberge, _f._; comaret, _m._ =cow´-boy= (-boï), _n._, jeune vacher, _m._ =cow´-catcher= (-catsh’-), _m._, (rail.) chasse-pierres, _m._ =cow´dung= (-deu’gne), _n._, bouse de vache, _f._ =cow´er=, _v.n._, s’accroupir, se blottir; s’affaisser, se tapir. =cow´-grass= (-grâce), _n._, (bot.) trèfle des prés, _m._ =cow´-herd=, _n._, vacher, _m._, vachère, _f._ =cow´-keeper= (-kîp’-), _n._, vacher, _m._, vachère, _f._; nourrisseur, _m._ =cowl= (caoul), _n._, capuce; capuchon, _m._; tabourin (of chimneys), _m._ =cow´-leech= (-lîtshe), _n._, vétérinaire, _m._ =cow´parsnip= (-pârs’-), _n._, (bot.) berce; branche-ursine bâtarde, _f._ =cow´-pen= (-pène), _n._, parc aux vaches, _m._ =cow´-pox=, _n._, (med.) vaccine, _f._ =cow´slip=, _n._, (bot.) primevère, _f._ =cows´-lungwort= (caoz’leu’gn’weurte), _n._, (bot.) bouillon-blanc, _m._ =cow´-tree= (-trî), _n._, arbre à la vache, brosimon, _m._ =cow´-weed= (-wîde), _n._, cerfeuil sauvage, _m._ =cow´-wheat= (-hwîte), _n._, (bot.) mélampyre, blé de vache, _m._; queue-de-renard, _f._ =cox´comb= (-côme), _n._, fat, petit-maître, freluquet, _m._; (bot.) célosie, _f._, passe-velours, _m._, amarante, _f._ =cox´combry= (-côm’ri), _n._, fatuité, _f._ =coxcomb´ical=, _adj._, fat, plein de fatuité; de fat. =cox´swain=, _n._, patron de chaloupe, _m._ =coy= (coï), _adj._, modeste; timide; réservé. =coy=, _v.n._, être réservé; se comporter avec timidité, faire des difficultés. =coy´ly=, _adv._, modestement, timidement; avec réserve. =coy´ness=, _n._, modestie, timidité, réserve, _f._ =coz= (keuze), _abréviation de_ cousin, _m._, cousine, _f._ =coz´en= (keuz’z’n), _v.a._, duper, tromper. =coz´enage= (-édje), _n._, fourberie, fourbe, tromperie, _f._ =coz´ener=, _n._, fourbe, trompeur, _m._ =co´zy=, _adj._ _V._ =cosey=. =crab=, _n._, crabe, cancre, _m._; écrevisse de mer; (bot.) pomme sauvage, _f._; (astron.) cancer, _m._, écrevisse, _f._; (nav.) cabestan volant; (of men) loup-garou, mauvais coucheur, _m._; (of women) pie-grièche, _f._ To catch a —; (nav.) _manquer son coup de rame_. =crab´-apple= (-ap’p’l), _n._, pomme sauvage, _f._ =crab´bed= (crab’ède), _adj._, acariâtre, revêche; dur, rude; bourru, chagrin. — look; _mine rechignée_, _f._ =crab´bedly= (-’èd’-), _adv._, d’une manière bourrue, durement, rudement. =crab´bedness= (-’èd’-), _n._, humeur acariâtre; âcreté, rudesse; difficulté, _f._ =crab´-fish=, _n._, crabe, _m._; écrevisse de mer, _f._ =crab´-tree= (-trî), _n._, pommier sauvage, _m._ =crack=, _n._, (noise) craquement, _m._; fente; crevasse; (in glass) fêlure, _f._; (boaster) hâbleur, _m._, hâbleuse, _f._; craqueur, _m._, craqueuse, _f._; (tech.) fissure, _f._; (of a whip) claquement, _m._; (of firearms) détonation; lézarde; (of voice) hue de la voix; (boast) hâblerie, _f._ In a —; _en un clin d’œil_. — of doom; _le jugement dernier_. To be a — shot; _être un excellent tireur_; _avoir un tir infaillible_. =crack=, _v.a._, fêler, gercer; fendre; (nuts) casser; (a whip) faire claquer; claquer; (a bottle of wine) faire sauter; décoiffer; (a joke) dire, faire, lâcher; (fig.) rompre, briser. To — a crib; (pop.) _s’introduire à l’aide d’effraction dans une maison_. To — up; (pop.) _faire mousser_; (fig.) _vanter_, _exalter_, _prôner_. =crack=, _v.n._, craquer, se fendre, se lézarder; (of the ground, the skin) se gercer; craqueter; (of a whip) claquer; (of glass, pottery-ware, etc.) se fêler; (pers.) se vanter; (of the voice) muer; (of boots) se crever, se percer. =crack´-brained= (-bré’n’de), _adj._, timbré, fou. — fellow; _cerveau fêlé_, _m._ =cracked= (crak’te), _adj._, fendu, fêlé; (fig.) timbré; détraqué. To be a little —; _avoir un grain de folie_. =crack´er=, _n._, vantard, craqueur; (firework) pétard; (bonbon) diablotin; biscuit, _m._ =crac´kle= (crak’k’l), _v.a._, pétiller, craqueter, crépiter. =crack´nel= (-nèle), _n._, craquelin, _m._ =cra´dle= (kré’d’l), _n._, berceau, _m._; (of house painters) sellette, _f._; (of a ship) ber, _m._; (of a mower) ramassette, _f._ From the —; _dès le berceau_. In the —; _au berceau_. =cra´dle=, _v.a._, coucher dans un berceau, bercer; (to lull) endormir. =craft= (crâfte), _n._, (trade) métier, art, _m._; (cunning) ruse, astuce; (nav.) embarcation, _f._ The —; _la franc-maçonnerie_, _f._ Small —; (nav.) _petits bâtiments de tous genres_, _m.pl._ =craft´ily=, _adv._, artificieusement, avec ruse. =craft´iness=, _n._, artifice, _m._; ruse, astuce, _f._ =crafts´man= (crâfts’ma’n), _n._, artisan habile, artiste, _m._ =crafts´master= (-mâs-), _n._, maître en son art, expert, _m._ =craft´y=, _adj._, artificieux; rusé, astucieux. =crag=, _n._, rocher escarpé; roc à pic, _m._; pointe de rocher, _f._; (geol.) falun _ou_ sable coquillier du terrain pliocène, _m._ =crag´ged= (crag’ghède), _adj._, rocailleux; escarpé, abrupt. =crag´gedness= _ou_ =crag´giness= (crag’ghèd’-, -’ghi-), _n._, état rocailleux, _m._; anfractuosité, _f._ =crag´gy= (crag’ghi), _adj._, rocailleux, escarpé, abrupt. =crake=, _n._, (orni.) râle, _m._ =cram=, _n._, (fib) colle, bourde, _f._ What a —! _quelle colle!_ =cram= (crame), _v.a._, fourrer, remplir; bourrer; gorger; farcir; seriner, élever en serre chaude (of students). To — poultry; _gaver_, _empâter de la volaille_. =cram= (crame), _v.n._, se bourrer, se gaver; s’empiffrer; (fig.) en conter =à=. =cram´bo= (cra’m’bô), _n._, bout rimé; jeu des bouts rimés, _m._ =cram´mer=, _n._, répétiteur, préparateur; (pop.) bachotier; (colleges) colleur; (fibber) bourdeur, _m._ =cram´ming=, _n._, études surmenées, indigestes, _f.pl._ — establishment; _four à bachot_, _m._; (a lie) _bourde_, _colle_, _f._ =cramp= (cra’m’pe), _n._, crampe, _f._, (tech.) crampon, _m._; (fig.) gêne, entrave, _f._ =cramp=, _v.a._, courbaturer, engourdir, serrer; resserrer; donner la crampe; (fig.) gêner; entraver, restreindre; (tech.) cramponner. To — in; _sceller_, _cramponner_. To — out; _arracher_, _tirer de force_. =cramped=, _adj._, gêné, -e. A — style; _un style dur_, _serré_. — writing; _pattes de mouche_, _f.pl._ =cramp´-fish=, _n._, (ich.) torpille, _f._ =cramp´-iron= (-aï’eur’n), _n._, crampon, _m._ =cramp´it= (cra’m’pite), _n._, bouterolle, _f._ =cran´age= (cré-nédje), _n._, droit de grue, _m._ =cran´berry= (cra’n’bèr’-), _n._, (bot.) airelle, canneberge, _f._ =cranch= (cra’n’she), _v.a._ _V._ =crunch=. =crane=, _n._, (orni., tech.) grue, _f._; (hydr.) siphon, _m._ Steam —; _grue à vapeur_. — neck; (of a carriage) _cou de cygne_, _m._ _v.a._ To — up; _hausser_, _lever_ (_au moyen d’une grue_). =crane’s´bill= (cré’n’z’-), _n._, (bot.) bec-de-grue, géranium, _m._ =craniolog´ical= (cré-ni-o-lodj’-), _adj._, craniologique. =craniol´ogist= (-djiste), _n._, craniologiste, craniologue, _m._ =craniol´ogy= (-dji), _n._, craniologie, cranologie, _f._ =craniom´etry= (-èt’-), _n._, craniométrie, _f._ =cranios´copy=, _n._, cranioscopie, _f._ =cra´nium= (cré-ni-eume), _n._, (anat.) crâne, _m._ =crank= (cra’gn’ke), _n._, coude; détour; sens forcé, jeu de mots; (tech.) cran, _m._; bielle; manivelle, _f._ =crank=, _adj._, vif, gaillard, dispos, éveillé; volage; (nav.) qui a le côté faible. =crank=, _v.a._, couder. _V._ =crankle=. =cran´kle= (cra’gn’k’l), _v.n._, sortir et rentrer; aller en zigzag. =cran´kle=, _v.a._, couper en zigzag. =cran´kle=, _n._, détour; zigzag, _m._ =crank´y=, _adj._, irritable, capricieux, fantasque, inquiet, impatient. =cran´nied= (cra’n’ide), _adj._, crevassé, lézardé, gercé. =cran´ny=, _n._, crevasse, fente, lézarde, fissure, _f._; trou, _m._ =crape=, _n._, crêpe, _m._ Smooth —; _crêpe lisse_. =crape=, _v.a._, crêper. =crap´ulous= (crap’iou-), _adj._, crapuleux; soûl, ivre. =crash=, _n._, fracas; grand bruit, _m._; débâcle; ruine; (fig.) faillite, banqueroute, _f._ =crash=, _v.n._, faire un grand fracas. _v.a._, fracasser, briser. To — down; _tomber avec fracas_. =cra´sis= (cré-ciss), _n._, (gram.) crase, _f._ =crass=, _adj._, épais, grossier, stupide, obtus; crasse, _adj.f._ =cras´situde= (cras’si-tioude), _n._, épaisseur, _f._ =crate= (crête), _n._, caisse à claire-voie, _f._; panier à verrerie, _m._; manne, _f._ =cra´ter= (cré-), _n._, cratère, _m._ =craunch= (cra’n’she) _ou_ =crunch= (creu’n’she), _v.a._, croquer. =cravat´=, _n._, cravate, _f._ =crave=, _v.a._, solliciter; implorer; demander avec instance; soupirer =après=. =cra´ven= (cré’v’n), _adj._, de lâche; poltron, lâche. =cra´ven=, _n._, lâche, poltron, _m._ =cra´ven=, _v.a._, rendre lâche, intimider. =crav´er= (crév’-), _n._, (ant.) demandeur, solliciteur, _m._ =crav´ing=, _n._, désir ardent, besoin impérieux, désir insatiable, _m._ =craw= (crō), _n._, jabot (of a bird), _m._ =craw´fish= (crō-) _ou_ =cray´fish= (cré-), _n._, écrevisse, _f._ Sea-—; _langouste_, _f._ =crawl= (crōl), _v.n._, ramper; se traîner; se glisser =dans=, s’insinuer =dans=; avoir la chair de poule. My flesh —s; _j’ai la chair de poule_. To — down; _se traîner en bas_. To — up; _grimper_, ou _monter_, _à quatre pattes_. To —; (of cabmen) _faire la maraude_. =crawl=, _n._, (a pen for fish on the sea-coast) parc à poisson, bouchot, _m._ =crawl´er=, _n._, reptile, _m._, (pop.) voiture de place, hirondelle, _f._; (cabman) maraudeur, _m._ =crawl´ing=, _adj._, rampant. _n._, rampement, _m._; (of cabmen) maraude, _f._ =cray´on= (cré-eune), _n._, crayon de pastel; pastel, _m._ =cray´on=, _v.a._, dessiner au pastel; crayonner; dessiner; esquisser. =craze=, _v.a._, briser; broyer; frapper de folie; déranger, affaiblir le cerveau =de=; rendre fou. =craze=, _n._, folie; passion folle, _f._ =crazed=, _adj._, fou, démenté. =cra´zedness= (cré-), _n._, caducité; démence; folie, _f._ =cra´zily=, _adv._, follement. =cra´ziness=, _n._, caducité; démence, folie, _f._ =cra´zy= (cré-zi), _adj._, caduc; infirme; fou; (fig.) délabré, en mauvais état, hors de service. =creak= (crîke), _v.n._, craquer; crier; (of the crane) glapir, trompeter. =creak´ing= (crîk-), _n._, cri, craquement, _m._ _adj._, qui crie, qui craque. =cream= (crîme), _n._, crème, _f._ —-cheese; _fromage à la crème_, _m._ Whipped —; _crème fouettée_. — laid; _vergé blanc_, _m._ — sauce; _béchamel_, _f._ — jug; _pot à crème_, _m._ =cream=, _v.a._, écrémer. =cream=, _v.n._, crémer, mousser. =cream´-colored= (-keul’leurde), _adj._, couleur café au lait; (of horses) isabelle. =cream´y=, _adj._, crémeux; de crème. =crease= (crî-ce), _n._, pli; faux pli, _m._, raie, _f._ =crease=, _v.a._, faire des plis =à=; faire des faux plis =à=; chiffonner. =cre´asote= (crî-a-çôte), _n._ _V._ =creosote=. =cre´at= (crî-ate), _n._, (man.) créat, _m._ =create´= (cri-éte), _v.a._, créer; faire naître; produire; engendrer; occasionner, susciter, causer; constituer, faire. =crea´tion=, _n._, création; nature, _f._, univers, _m._ =crea´tive=, _adj._, créateur. =crea´tiveness=, _n._, (ant.) faculté de créer, _f._, pouvoir créateur, _m._; puissance créatrice, _f._ =crea´tor= (-teur), _n._, créateur, _m._ =crea´ture= (crît’ioure), _n._, créature, personne, _f._; être, _m._; bête, _f._, animal, _m._ — comforts; _mangeaille_, _bonne chère_, _f._; _vivres_, _m.pl._ =cre´dence= (crî-), _n._, créance; croyance, foi; (ecc.) crédence, _f._ To give — to; _ajouter foi_ =à=. — table; _crédence_, _f._ =creden´da= (cri-dè’n’-), _n.pl._, articles de foi, _m.pl._ =creden´tials= (cri-dè’n’shalze), _n._, lettres de créance, _f.pl._ =credibil´ity= (crèd’-), _n._, véridicité; crédibilité, _f._ =cre´dible= (crèd’i-b’l), _adj._, croyable; digne de foi. =cred´ibleness=, _n._, crédibilité, _f._ =cred´ibly=, _adv._, d’une manière digne de foi. To be — informed; _tenir de source certaine_. =cre´dit= (crèd’ite), _n._, croyance, foi, _f._; honneur; crédit, _m._, influence, _f._; (com.) crédit, _m._ To give —; (com.) _faire crédit_. To give — to; _ajouter foi_ =à=. To do — to; _faire honneur_ =à=. Worthy of —; _digne de foi_. On —; _à crédit_. I gave you — for more sense; _je vous croyais plus de jugement_. To give — to a person for; _rendre justice_ =à=, _tenir compte_ =de= _..._ =à=. =cred´it=, _v.a._, ajouter foi =à=; croire =à=; faire honneur =à=; (com.) donner crédit =à=, faire crédit =de=; (book-keeping) créditer; porter au crédit =de=. =cred´itable=, _adj._, honorable; estimable, digne d’éloge. =cred´itableness=, _n._, estime, _f._, crédit, honneur, _m._ =cred´itably=, _adv._, honorablement. =cred´itor= (-teur), _n._, créancier, _m._, créancière, _f._; (book-keeping) crédit, avoir, _m._ =credu´lity= (crè-diou-), _n._, crédulité, _f._ =cred´ulous=, _adj._, crédule. =cred´ulousness=, _n._, crédulité, _f._ =creed= (crîde), _n._, credo, _m._; croyance, foi, _f._; symbole, _m._; profession de foi, _f._ The Apostles’ —; _le symbole des Apôtres_. =creek= (crîke), _n._, (geog.) crique, anse, _f._ =creek´y=, _adj._, plein de criques; sinueux. =creep= (crîpe), _v.n._, (_preterit_ and _past part._, Crept) se traîner, ramper; se glisser. To — in; _se glisser_ =dans=; _s’insinuer_ =dans=; _se faufiler_ =dans=. To — on; _s’avancer peu à peu_; _s’avancer en rampant_. To — out; _sortir en rampant_; _sortir à l’improviste_; _s’esquiver_. To — up; _grimper à quatre pattes_, ou _lentement_. To — over; _ramper par-dessus_. =creep´er=, _n._, reptile; (orni.) grimpereau, _m._; (bot.) plante grimpante, _f._; (fig.) traînard, _m._ =creep´hole= (crîp’hôl), _n._, trou, _m._; (fig.) échappatoire, _f._, faux-fuyant, _m._ =creep´ingly=, _adv._, en rampant; lentement. =cre´mate=, _v.a._, incinérer. =crema´tion= (cri-mé-), _n._, crémation, incinération, _f._ =cre´nate= _ou_ =cre´nated= (crî-néte, -’ède), _adj._, entaillé; échancré, crénelé. =cre´nature= (crî’n’a-tioure), _n._, crénelure, _f._ =cre´nellated= (crî- _ou_ crè’n’èl’lé-tède), _adj._, crénelé. =cre´nelled= (crî- _ou_ crè’n’èlde), _adj._, entaillé, échancré. =cre´ole= (crî-ôl), _n._, créole, _m.f._ =cre´osote= (crî-o-çote), _n._, créosote, _f._ =crep´itate= (crèp’-), _v.n._, crépiter, décrépiter. =crepita´tion= (crèp’i-té-), _n._, décrépitation, crépitation, _f._ =crepus´cle= (cri-peus’s’l) _ou_ =crepus´cule= (cri-peus’kioul), _n._, (ant.) crépuscule, _m._ =crescen´do= (crès’cè’n’dô), _adv._, (mus.) crescendo. =cres´cent= (crès’-), _n._, croissant, _m._; demi-lune, _f._ =cres´cent= _ou_ =cres´cive=, _adj._, croissant. The — moon; _le croissant de la lune_ ou _la lune à son croissant_. =cress= (crèce), _n._, cresson, _m._ Water-—; _cresson de fontaine_. — bed; _cressonnière_, _f._ =cres´set= (crès’sète), _n._, feu de fanal; flambeau, _m._; torche, _f._ =crest= (crèste), _n._, (of a cock) crête; (orni.) huppe; (of a peacock) aigrette, _f._; (of a helmet; her.) cimier; écusson, _m._; (anat., fig.) crête, _f._, (fig.) orgueil, courage, _m._, (of a wave) crête houppée, _f._ =crest=, _v.a._, orner d’un cimier. =crest´ed= (-ède), _adj._, orné d’un cimier; à crête; huppé; à aigrette, crêté. =crest´fallen= (-fôln), _adj._, abattu, penaud, l’oreille basse. =crest´less=, _adj._, sans crête; sans cimier; (ast.) de basse naissance. =creta´ceous= (cri-té-sheusse), _adj._, (geol.) crétacé. =cre´tin= (crî-), _n._, crétin, _m._ =cre´tinism=, _n._, crétinisme, _m._ =cre´vice= (crèv’iss), _n._, crevasse, lézarde, fente, _f._ _v.a._, crevasser, lézarder. =crew= (crou), _n._, bande, clique, troupe, _f._; (nav.) équipage, _m._ =crew´el= (crou’él), _n._, laine à border, _f._ =crib=, _n._, berceau, lit d’enfant, _m._; (in a cow-house) crèche, mangeoire, _f._, (cottage), chaumière, _f._; (grain) coffre, _m._, huche; (salt) salière, _f._; (fig.) plagiat, _m._; traduction littérale d’un auteur, clef; (pop.) place, _f._; emploi, _m._ =crib=, _v.a._, piller, chiper. =crick=, _n._, douleur spasmodique des muscles du cou, du dos; crampe, _f._ =crick´et= (crik’ète), _n._, (ent.) grillon, criquet, _m._; (game) jeu de crosse, _m._ — bat; _battoir_, _m._ — field; _champ de cricket_, _m._ =crick´eter=, _n._, joueur de cricket, _m._ =cri´er= (craï’eur), _n._, crieur; (of a court) huissier, _m._ =crime= (craïme), _n._, crime, _m._ Heinous —; _forfait_, _crime énorme_, _m._ To charge with a —; _accuser d’un crime_. =crime´less=, _adj._, (ant.) exempt de crime, innocent. =crim´inal= (crim’-), _adj._, criminel. =crim´inal=, _n._, criminel, _m._ =criminal´ity=, _n._, (ant.) culpabilité, criminalité, _f._ =crim´inally=, _adv._, criminellement. =crim´inate=, _v.a._, incriminer. =crimina´tion= (-né-), _n._, incrimination, accusation, _f._ =crim´inative= (-né-) _ou_ =crim´inatory= (-né-to’ri), _adj._, (ant.) accusatoire. =crimp= (cri’m’pe), _adj._, friable; fragile. =crimp=, _n._, commissionnaire pour la vente de la houille; (for the army, etc.) racoleur, _m._; (harbors) propriétaire de cabaret borgne, _m.f._ =crimp=, _v.a._, gaufrer; friser, boucler; (milit.) racoler; attirer (=dans=); (cook.) taillader. =crimp´er=, _n._, gaufreur, friseur, _m._ =crimp´ing=, _n._, frisure, _f._; crêpage; gaufrage; racolage, _m._ — iron; _fer à friser_, _à gaufrer_, _m._ =crim´ple= (cri’m’p’l), _v.a._, plisser, froncer, rider. =crim´son= (cri’m’z’n), _adj._, cramoisi; rouge, incarnat. =crim´son=, _n._, cramoisi; rouge, incarnat, _m._ =crim´son=, _v.a._, teindre en cramoisi. =crim´son=, _v.n._, devenir tout cramoisi; rougir. =cringe= (cri’n’dje), _n._, courbette; bassesse, _f._ =cringe=, _v.a._, contracter, froncer, tordre. =cringe=, _v.n._, faire des courbettes; ramper. To — to; _faire le chien couchant_ =auprès de=. =crin´gle= (cri’gn’g’l), _n._, erseau, _m._; patte, _f._ (pour porte); (nav.) branche de bouline, _f._ =crin´kle= (cri’gn’k’l), _v.n._, serpenter; aller en zigzag. =crin´kle=, _v.a._, former en zigzag. =crip´ple= (crip’p’l), _n._, boiteux, _m._, boiteuse, _f._; estropié, _m._ =crip´ple=, _adj._, boiteux, estropié, perclus. =crip´ple=, _v.a._, estropier; mettre hors de combat, (fig.) paralyser; (nav.) causer des avaries à. =cri´sis= (craï-ciss), _n._, (_crises_) crise, _f._ =crisp=, _adj._, fragile, friable, cassant; croquant; (bot.) crépu, crispé; (of hair) frisé, bouclé. =crisp=, _v.a._, friser, boucler; (stuffs) crêper; (fig.) faire serpenter. _v.n._, se rider, onduler, serpenter. =crisp´ing=, _n._, action de friser, de boucler, _f._ =crisp´ing-i´ron= (-aï’eur’n) _ou_ =crisp´ing-pin= (-pine), _n._, fer à friser, _m._ =crisp´ness=, _n._, fragilité; qualité de ce qui est croquant, sec, cassant, _f._; état de ce qui est frisé, _m._; frisure; friabilité, _f._ =crisp´y=, _adj._, frisé; (of pastry) croquant; sec, cassant. =crite´rion= (craï-tî-ri-eune), _n._, épreuve, _f._; critérium, _m._ =crit´ic=, _n._, critique, _m._ =crit´ical=, _adj._, de la critique; critique; difficile; délicat, judicieux. — affair; _affaire délicate_, _f._ =crit´ically=, _adv._, d’une manière critique; de crise; en critique, avec soin. =crit´icalness=, _n._, (ant.) caractère critique, _m._; délicatesse d’appréciation, _f._ =crit´icism= (-ciz’m), _n._, critique, censure, _f._ =crit´icizable=, _adj._, critiquable. =crit´icize= (-çaîze), _v.a._, critiquer; faire la critique =de=. =crit´icize=, _v.n._, faire de la critique. =critique´= (-tîke), _n._, observation critique; critique, _f._ =croak= (crôke), _n._, (of frogs) coassement; (of rooks) croassement; (fig.) grognement, _m._ =croak=, _v.n._, (of frogs) coasser; (of rooks) croasser; (fig.) gronder, grogner, (pop.) (to die) crever, claquer. =croak´er= (crôk’-), _n._, grognon; faiseur de jérémiades, _m._, pessimiste, _m._ =croak´ing=, _n._ _V._ =croak= (noun). =cro´ceous= (crô-sheusse), _adj._, safrané, de safran. =crock= (croke), _n._, pot de terre, _m._; cruche, suie, _f._; noir de fumée, _m._ =crock´ery= (crok’eur’i) _ou_ =crock´ery-ware= (-wère), _n._, faïence, vaisselle, _f._ =croc´odile= (-daïl _ou_ -dil), _n._, crocodile, _m._; _adj._, de crocodile. =cro´cus= (crô-), _n._, safran, crocus, _m._ =croft=, _n._, petit clos, _m._; petite ferme, _f._; pré, courtil, _m._ =croft´er=, _n._, petit fermier, paysan, closier, _m._ =croisade´=, _n._ _V._ =crusade=. =crone= (crône), _n._, vieille brebis; vieille femme; vieille, _f._ =cro´net= (crô-nète), _n._, (vet.) couronne, _f._ =cro´ny= (crô-), _n._, vieux ami; vieux camarade; compère, _m._; vieille connaissance, _f._ =crook= (crouke), _n._, courbure; (of a shepherd) houlette, _f._, (of bishops) crosse, _f._; (fig.) détour, _m._ By hook or by —; _de quelque façon que ce soit_; _de manière ou d’autre_; _par un moyen ou par un autre_. =crook=, _v.a._, courber, tortuer; pervertir, appliquer mal à propos. =crook´-back=, _n._, bossu, _m._, bossue, _f._ =crook´-backed= (-bak’te), _adj._, à dos voûté; voûté; bossu. =crook´ed= (crouk’ède), _adj._, courbe; courbé; tortueux; crochu; (fig.) pervers; tortu, de travers. =crook´edly=, _adv._, tortueusement, de travers. =crook´edness=, _n._, courbure, _f._; état tortu; (fig.) travers, _m._, perversité, _f._ =crook´-kneed= (-nîde), _adj._, bancal, cagneux. =crook´-legged= (-lègd’e), _adj._, bancal, qui a les jambes cagneuses, tortues. To be —; _avoir les jambes cagneuses_, _tortues_; _être bancal_. =crook´-neck= (-nèke), _n._, (bot.) gourde; calebasse, _f._ =crook´-shouldered= (-shôl’deur’de), _adj._, qui a une épaule plus haute que l’autre. =croon=, _v.n._, gémir, geindre; (to sing in a low voice) chanter à voix basse. _v.a._, (fig.) murmurer doucement, susurrer. =crop=, _n._, (of a bird) jabot, _m._; (agri., hort.) récolte, moisson; cueillette; tonte, _f._ Neck and —; _entièrement_, _complètement_. Second —; _regain_, _m._ =crop=, _v.a._, cueillir (of fruit); récolter; moissonner, faucher; couper le bout; (horses) écourter; (of animals) brouter; tondre. =crop=, _v.n._, donner une récolte. To — out; (geol.) _affleurer_. =crop´-eared= (-îr’de), _n._, cheval essorillé, cheval bretaudé, _m._ =crop´per=, _n._, pigeon à gros jabot, _m._ To come a —; _tomber de son haut_; (fig.) _faire fiasco_; _aller à vau l’eau_. =crop´ping=, _n._, action de couper; mutilation; (of animals) action de brouter; (agri.) exploitation d’un champ, _f._ =cro´sier= (crô-jeur), _n._, crosse (of a bishop), _f._ =cros´let= (cros’lète), _n._, (her.) croisette, _f._ =cross=, _n._, croix, _f._; (of roads, streets) carrefour, _m._, croisée, _f._; (fig.) revers, malheur, _m._; traverse, contrariété, _f._; (of breeds) croisement, _m._ On the —; _de travers_, _en biais_. Sign of the —; _signe de croix_, _signe de la croix_, _m._ Criss-cross; _croisé_, _en croix_. To take up the —; (fig.) _se sacrifier à quelque pieux objet_. =cross=, _adj._, oblique; en travers; de travers; fâcheux, contraire; bourru, maussade; méchant, de mauvaise humeur. — woman; _femme de mauvaise humeur_, _f._ — answer; _réponse de travers_, _f._ =cross=, _v.a._, croiser; faire le signe de la croix =sur=; faire une croix =sur=; (zoöl.) croiser; (of letters) se croiser; (fig.) franchir; contrarier, contrecarrer. To — again; _repasser_. To — out; _effacer_, _rayer_, _biffer_. To — over; _traverser_. To — a threshold; _franchir un seuil_. To — one’s self; _faire le signe de la croix_; _se signer_; _se croiser_. To — one’s mind; _se présenter à l’esprit_. =cross=, _v.n._, être en travers; traverser. =cross=, _prep._, à travers. — country; _à travers champs_. =cross´-action=, _n._, procès en reconvention, _m._ =cross´-armed= (-ârm’de), _adj._, qui a les bras croisés; (bot.) à paires croisées; opposé, croisé. =cross´-arrow=, _n._, flèche d’arbalète, _f._, carreau, _m._ =cross´bar= (-bâr), _n._, (carp.) traverse, _f._ =cross´bar-shot=, _n._, (artil.) boulet ramé, ange, _m._ =cross´-beam= (-bîme), _n._, (carp.) traverse, _f._, traversin, _m._, solive croisée, _f._; (nav.) traversin, _m._ =cross´-bearer= (-bèr’-), _n._, porte-croix, _m._ =cross´bow= (-bô), _n._, arbalète, _f._ =cross´bow-man= (-ma’n), _n._, arbalétrier, archer, _m._ =cross´-bred=, _adj._, métis. =cross´-breed= (-brîde), _n._, race croisée, _f._ =cross´-breeding=, _n._, croisement, _m._ =cross´bun= (-beune), _n._, baba marqué, _m._, _ou_ brioche marquée, _f._, d’une croix. =cross´-cut= (-keute), _v.a._, couper en travers, _n._, traverse, _f._, raccourci, _m._ =cross´cut-saw= (-sō), _n._, scie à deux mains, _f._ =cross´-examination= (-né-), _n._, (jur.) interrogatoire contradictoire, _m._ =cross´-examine= (-ègz’am’ine), _v.a._, (jur.) interroger contradictoirement. =cross´-eye=, _n._, strabisme, _m._ =cross´-eyed=, _adj._, affecté de strabisme, louche. =cross´-fire=, _n._, feu croisé, _m._ =cross´-framing= (-fré’m’-), _n._, (carp.) traverse, _f._ =cross´-grained= (gré’n’de), _adj._, (of wood) dont la veine est à rebours; dont le fil est irrégulier; (pers.) rebours, revêche, acariâtre. To be —; _avoir l’esprit mal tourné_; _être acariâtre_. =cross´-hands= (-ha’n’dze), _n._, (dancing) chaîne anglaise, _f._ =cross´-hatch= (-hat’she), _v.a._, (engr.) contre-hacher. =cross´-hatching=, _n._, (engr.) contre-hachure, _f._ =cross´ing=, _n._, passage à niveau, _m._; (of streets) passage d’un trottoir à l’autre, _m._; (on the sea) traversée, _f._; (of animals) croisement; (fig.) travers, _m._, contrariété, _f._; (ant.) signe de croix, _m._ — point; (railways) _croisière_, _f._ =cross´jack= (-djak), _n._, (nav.) voile carrée, _f._ =cross´-keys=, _n._, clefs en sautoir, _f.pl._ =cross´-legged= (-lèg’de), _adj._, qui a les jambes croisées. =cross´-like= (-laïke), _adj._, (bot.) cruciforme; en croix; (surg.) crucial. =cross´ly=, _adv._, en travers; (fig.) malheureusement; mal; de travers; avec mauvaise humeur; contrairement. =cross´ness=, _n._, travers, _m._; mauvaise humeur, méchanceté, _f._ =cross´-patch=, _n._, mauvais coucheur (of a man) _m._; pie-grièche (of a woman), _f._ =cross´-path=, _n._, chemin de traverse, _m._ =cross´-pawl= (-pōl), _n._, (nav.) lisse., _f._ =cross´piece= (-pîce), _n._, (carp.) entretoise; traverse, _f._ =cross´-post= (-pôste), _n._, service de correspondance des postes, _m._ =cross´-purpose= (-peur’poss), _n._, système contraire, but contraire, _m._, opposition, contradiction, _f._; contresens; malentendu; quiproquo, _m._; énigme, _f._; (game) propos interrompu, _m._ To be at —s; _se contrecarrer_. =cross-ques´tion= (-kwèst’ieune), _v.a._, interroger contradictoirement. _n._, question captieuse, _f._ =cross´-road= (-rôde), _n._, chemin de traverse, _m._ =cross´-sea=, _n._, mer clapoteuse, _f._ =cross´-shaped= (-shé’p’te), _adj._, en forme de croix; cruciforme. =cross´-street=, _n._, rue transversale, _f._ =cross´-summons=, _n._, reconvention, _f._ =cross´-wind= (-wi’n’de), _n._, vent contraire, _m._ =cross´-wise= (-waïze), _adv._, en croix; en forme de croix; en travers; en sautoir. =crotch´et= (crotsh’ète), _n._, (mas.) étai, _m._; (mus.) noire, _f._; (surg.) crochet, _m._; (idea) lubie, marotte, _f._; (knitting) crochet, _m._ =crotch´eted= (-èt’ède), _adj._, (mus.) mesuré. =crotch´ety= (-èt’i), _adj._, sujet aux lubies, capricieux. =crouch= (craoutsche), _v.n._, se tapir; se blottir; (fig.) ramper, s’abaisser =devant=, faire le chien couchant =auprès de=. =croup=, _n._, (of animals) croupe, _f._; (of birds) croupion; (med.) croup, _m._ =croupade´=, _n._, (man.) croupade, _f._ =crow= (crô), _n._, (orni.) corbeau, _m._; corneille, _f._; levier de fer; chant du coq, _m._ As the — flies; _à vol d’oiseau_; _en ligne directe_. To have a — to pluck with any one; _avoir maille à partir avec quelqu’un_. To pluck _ou_ pull a —; _disputer pour des riens_. =crow=, _v.n._, (_preterit_, Crew, Crowed; _past part._, Crowed) (of cocks) chanter. To — over; _chanter victoire_ =sur=. =crow´-bar= (-bâr), _n._, pince, _f._, levier, monseigneur, _m._ =crow´berry=, _n._, (bot.) camarine, _f._ =crowd= (craoude), _n._, foule, cohue, _f._, rassemblement, _m._ =crowd=, _v.a._, presser; serrer, encombrer. To — with; _remplir_ =de=. To — sail; (nav.) _forcer de voiles_; _faire force de voiles_. =crowd=, _v.n._, affluer; se presser; se présenter en foule. To — in; _arriver en foule_. To — out; _sortir en foule_. To — round; _entourer en foule_. =crow´foot= (-foute), _n._, (milit.) chausse-trape; (bot.) renoncule; (nav.) araignée, _f._ =crows´foot=, _n._, patte d’oie, _f._, éperon, _m._ =crow´-keeper= (-kîp’-), _n._, épouvantail, _m._ =crown= (craoune), _n._, couronne, _f._; sommet; (piece of money) écu, _m._, couronne, _f._; (nav.) collet; (of a hat) fond, _m._; forme; (of a stag) couronne, meule, _f._; sommet (of the head); accomplissement, _m._; (jur.) partie publique; (arch.) clef, _f._ — prince; _prince royal_; _prince héréditaire_; _prince impérial_, _m._ The —; _l’Etat_. To come to the —; _monter sur le trône_. On his coming to the —; _à son avénement au trône_. =crown=, _v.a._, couronner; (at draughts) damer. To — all; _pour comble de malheur_. =crown´ing=, _n._, couronnement, comble, accomplissement, _m._ _adj._, dernier, final, suprême. As a — misfortune; _pour comble de malheur_. =crown´land= (-la’n’de), _n._, domaine de la couronne, _m._ =crown´-side= (-saïde), _n._, (jur.) cour criminelle, partie publique, _f._ =crown´-wheel= (-hwîl), _n._, (horl.) roue de champ, roue de rencontre, _f._ =crown´-witness=, _n._, témoin à charge, _m._ =crown´-work= (-weurke), _n._, (fort.) ouvrage à couronne, _m._; couronne, _f._ =croyn= (croïne), _v.n._, (hunt.) réer, raire. =cruch´et= (creutsh’ète), _n._, (orni.) ramier, _m._ =cru´cial= (crou-shi-), _adj._, crucial, en croix; (fig.) définitif, décisif. — test; _épreuve décisive_, _f._ =cru´cible= (crou-ci-b’l), _n._, creuset, _m._ =crucif´erous= (crou-cif-eur-), _adj._, crucifère. =cru´cifier= (crou-ci-faï’eur), _n._, celui qui crucifie, _m._ =cru´cifix= (crou-ci-fikse), _n._, crucifix, christ, _m._ =crucifix´ion= (-fik’sheune), _n._, crucifiement, crucifiment, _m._; crucifixion, _f._ =cru´ciform=, _adj._, cruciforme. =cru´cify= (-faïe), _v.a._, crucifier. =crude= (croude), _adj._, cru; informe; indigeste; brut, grossier; imparfait. =crude´ly=, _adv._, crûment. =crude´ness=, _n._, crudité, _f._ =cru´dity=, _n._, crudité, nature informe, _f._ =cru´el= (crou’èl), _adj._, cruel. =cru´elly=, _adv._, cruellement. =cru´elty=, _n._, cruauté, _f._, acte barbare, inhumain, _m._; (jur.) mauvais traitements, _m.pl._; voies de fait, _f.pl._ =cru´et= (crou’ète), _n._, burette, _f._; huilier, _m._ =cru´et-stand= (-sta’n’d), _n._, huilier, _m._; ménagère, _f._ =cruise= (crouze), _n._, croisière, course, _f._ On a —; _en croisière_. Cruising squadron; _croisière_, _f._ =cruise=, _v.n._, croiser; faire la course. =cruis´er=, _n._, croiseur, _m._ =crum= _ou_ =crumb= (creume), _n._, mie; miette, _f._ _v.a._, émietter, paner. —-brush; _brosse à miettes_, _f._ —-cloth; _dessus de table_, _m._ =crum´ble= (creu’m’b’l), _v.a._, émietter; pulvériser; broyer; réduire en poussière. =crum´ble=, _v.n._, s’émier; s’émietter; tomber en poussière. — down; _tomber en ruine_, _s’écrouler_; (of earth) _s’ébouler_. =crum´my=, _adj._, plein de mie; tendre. =crump= (creu’m’pe), _adj._, courbé, crochu. =crum´pet= (creu’m’pète), _n._, madeleine, _f._ =crum´ple= (creu’m’p’l), _v.a._, rider; chiffonner; froisser. =crum´ple=, _v.n._, se rider, se chiffonner, se ratatiner. =crum´pling=, _n._, (ant.) pomme ratatinée, _f._ =crunch= (creu’n’she), _v.a._ _V._ =craunch=. =cru´or= (crou-eur), _n._, sang; grumeau, _m._ =crup´per= (creup’-), _n._, croupe; croupière, _f._ =cru´ral= (crou’-), _adj._, crural. =crusade´= (crou-céde), _n._, croisade, _f._ =crusad´er=, _n._, croisé, _m._ =cru´set= (crou-cète), _n._, creuset, _m._ =crush= (creushe), _n._, écrasement, choc, _m._; foule, cohue, bagarre, _f._ =crush=, _v.a._, écraser; détruire, accabler; opprimer; étouffer, anéantir. To — in; _enfoncer_. To — out; _tirer_ =de=, _faire sortir_ =de=; _exprimer_. To — out a rebellion; _étouffer une rébellion_. =crush=, _v.n._, se serrer; se presser. =crush´er=, _n._, écraseur, concasseur; pilon, _m._ =crush´-hat=, _n._, (theat.) claque, _m._ =crush´ing=, _n._, broiement, broîment, écrasement, _m._ =crush´ing-machine= (-ma-shîne), _n._, machine à broyer, _f._; (metal.) bocard, (agr.) concasseur; pilon, _m._ =crush´-room=, _n._, (theat.) foyer, _m._ =crust= (creuste), _n._, croûte, _f._ =crust=, _v.a._, incruster, couvrir d’une croûte. =crust=, _v.n._, s’incruster, former une croûte, s’encroûter. =crusta´cea= (creus-té-shi-a), _n.pl._, crustacés, _m.pl._ =crusta´ceous= (-té-sheusse), _adj._, crustacé. =crus´tily=, _adv._, d’une manière morose, d’une manière hargneuse, d’un air bourru. =crus´tiness=, _n._, qualité de ce qui a de la croûte; (fig.) humeur hargneuse, mauvaise humeur, dureté, _f._ =crus´ty=, _adj._, qui a beaucoup de croûte, couvert d’une croûte; (fig.) hargneux, morose, maussade. =crutch= (creutshe), _n._, béquille, _f._ On —es; _avec des béquilles_. =crutch=, _v.a._, soutenir avec des béquilles. =cry= (craïe), _n._, cri, _m._; (ant.) (pack of hounds) meute, _f._ Much — and little wool; _plus de bruit que de besogne_. In full —; (of hounds) _donnant de la voix_. =cry=, _v.n._, crier; (to weep) pleurer. To — aloud; _élever la voix_. To — off; _quitter la partie_, _refuser de procéder_. To — out; _s’écrier_; _crier_; _se récrier_. To — to; _réclamer_, _invoquer_. To — out against; _se récrier_ =contre=. =cry=, _v.a._, crier. To — down; _décrier_, _censurer_, _blâmer_. To — out; _crier très fort_. To — up; _exalter_, _prôner_; _vanter_. =cry´ing=, _n._, cri, _m._, cris, _m.pl._, (weeping) pleurs, _m.pl._, larmes, _f._ =cry´ing=, _adj._, criant; qui pleure. A — shame; _une vraie honte_. =crypt= (cripte), _n._, (ecc.) crypte, _f._; (anat.) crypte, _m._ and _f._ =cryp´tic= _ou_ =cryp´tical=, _adj._, secret, occulte. =cryp´tically=, _adv._, secrètement. =cryp´togam=, _n._, (bot.) cryptogame, _f._ =cryptog´amous=, _adj._, (bot.) cryptogame. =cryptog´raphy=, _n._, cryptographie, stéganographie, _f._ =crys´tal=, _n._, cristal, _m._ =crys´tal=, _adj._, de cristal. =crys´talline= (-laïne _ou_ -line), _adj._, cristallin. — lens; _cristallin_ (of the eye), _m._ =crystalliza´tion= (-laï-zé-), _n._, cristallisation, _f._ =crys´tallize= (-laïze), _v.a._, cristalliser. =crys´tallize=, _v.n._, se cristalliser. =crys´tal-oil=, _n._, naphte pur, _m._ =cub= (keube), _n._, petit; (of a bear) ourson; (of a lion) lionceau; (of a wolf) louveteau; (of a fox) renardeau; (pop.) gamin, _m._ An unlicked —; _un ours mal léché_. =cub=, _v.n._, mettre bas. =cu´bature= (kiou-ba-tioure), _n._, cubature, _f._, cubage, _m._ =cube= (kioube), _n._, cube, _m._ — root; _racine cubique_, _f._ =cube=, _v.a._, cuber. =cu´beb= (kiou-bèbe), _n._, cubèbe, _m._ =cu´bic= _ou_ =cu´bical= (kiou-), _adj._, cubique, cube. =cu´biform=, _adj._, cubique, en cube. =cu´bit= (kiou-), _n._, (anat.) cubitus, _m._; (measure) coudée, _f._ =cu´bital=, _adj._, cubital. =cuck´ing-stool= (keuk’ign’stoul), _n._, (jur.) sellette de correction, _f._ =cuck´old= (keuk’-), _n._, cocu, cornard, _m._ =cuck´old=, _v.a._, faire cocu. =cuck´oldom= (-deume), _n._, cocuage, _m._ =cuc´koo= (couk’ou), _n._, coucou, _m._ =cu´cullate= _ou_ =cucullated= (kiou-keul-léte, -ède), _adj._, encapuchonné. =cu´cumber= (kiou-keu’m’-), _n._, concombre, _m._ =cucurbita´ceous= (kiou-keur-bi-té-sheusse), _adj._, cucurbitacé. =cu´curbite= (kiou-keur-), _n._, cucurbite, _f._ =cud= (keude), _n._, aliments, _m.pl._; (of ruminants) panse, _f._; chique de tabac, _f._ To chew the —; ruminer. =cud´bear= (-bère), _n._, couleur pourpre, _f._ =cud´dle= (keud’d’l), _v.a._, embrasser étroitement, serrer, caresser. =cud´dle=, _v.n._, se blottir; se ramasser, se pelotonner; s’embrasser étroitement, s’étreindre. =cud´dy= (keud’-), _n._, (nav.) petite cabine, cuisine, _f._; (ich.) charbonnier, _m._ =cudg´el= (keud’djèl), _n._, gourdin; bâton, _m._, trique, _f._ =cudg´el=, _v.a._, bâtonner. To be —ed; _recevoir des coups de bâton_. =cud´geling=, _n._, coups de bâton, _m.pl._; volée de coups, _f._; bastonnade, _f._ =cudg´el-proof= (-proufe), _adj._, à l’épreuve du gourdin. =cue= (kiou), _n._, queue de billard; (thea.) réplique, _f._; (fig.) avis, mot, _m._, instruction; (fig.) veine, _f._ To give the —; (thea.) _donner la réplique_; (fig.) _donner le mot_ =à=; _faire la leçon_ =à=. To miss —; _faire fausse queue_. — rack; _porte-queues_, _m._ — tip; _procédé_, _m._ =cue=, _v.a._, tresser en queue. =cuff= (keuf), _v.a._, souffleter; donner des coups de patte =à=; gourmer. =cuff=, _n._, coup de poing; coup de patte, _m._; taloche, _f._; (of a coat) parement; (of a gown) poignet, _m._; manchette, _f._ =cuirass´= (kwî-), _n._, cuirasse, _f._ =cuirassier´= (kwî-ras’sîre), _n._, cuirassier, _m._ =cuish= _ou_ =cuisse= (kwice), _n._, cuissard, _m._ =cu´linary= (kiou-), _adj._, de cuisine; culinaire. =cull= (keul), _v.a._, recueillir, cueillir, choisir, trier. =cul´lender=, _n._, couloire, passoire, _f._ =cul´ler= (keul’-), _n._, trieur, _m._, trieuse, _f._ =cul´let=, _n._, (broken glass) grésil, _m._ =cul´lis=, _n._, (broth) coulis, _m._ =culm= (keulme), _n._, (bot.) chaume, _m._; (min.) houille sèche, anthracite, _f._ =cul´minate= (keul-), _v.n._, (astron.) culminer; (fig.) se terminer =en=; finir =par=. =culmina´tion= (-né-), _n._, (astron.) culmination, _f._ =culpabil´ity= (keul-), _n._, culpabilité, _f._ =cul´pable=, _adj._, coupable. =cul´pableness=, _n._, culpabilité, _f._ =cul´pably=, _adv._, d’une manière coupable, coupablement. =cul´prit= (keul’-), _n._, accusé, _m._, accusée, _f._; criminel, _m._, criminelle, _f._; coupable, prévenu, inculpé, _m._, inculpée, _f._ =cult=, _n._, hommage, culte, _m._ =cul´ter= (keul’-), _n._, soc; coutre, _m._ _V._ =coulter=. =cul´tivable=, _adj._, cultivable. =cul´tivate= (keul’-), _v.a._, cultiver. =cultiva´tion= (-vé-), _n._, culture, _f._ Under —; _en culture_. =cul´tivator= (-vé-teur), _n._, cultivateur, _m._ =cul´ture= (keult’ioure), _n._, culture, _f._; (fig.) instruction, éducation, culture, _f._ =cul´ture=, _v.a._, cultiver. =cul´tureless=, _adj._, sans culture; inculte. =cul´verin= (keul-veur’ine), _n._, coulevrine, _f._ =cul´vert= (keul-veurt), _n._, rigole _f._; ponceau, petit aqueduc, _m._ =cum´ber= (keu’m’-), _n._, embarras, obstacle, _m._ —-field; _traînasse_, _renouée des oiseaux_, _f._ =cum´ber=, _v.a._, embarrasser =de=; encombrer =de=. =cum´bersome= (-seume), =cum´brous=, _adj._, embarrassant, gênant, incommode, lourd; à charge. =cum´bersomely=, _adv._, d’une manière embarrassante. =cum´bersomeness=, _n._, embarras, fardeau, _m._ =cum´brance=, _n._, embarras, fardeau, _m._, gêne, _f._ =cum´in= (keu’m’ine), _n._, (bot.) cumin, _m._ =cu´mulate= (kiou-miou-), _v.a._, accumuler; cumuler. =cumula´tion= (-lé-), _n._, accumulation; (jur.) cumulation, _f._ =cu´neal= (kiou-ni-), _adj._, en forme de coin; cunéaire. =cu´neate= _ou_ =cu´neated= (-ède), _adj._, en coin, cunéaire. =cune´iform= (kiou-nî-i-) _ou_ =cu´niform= (kiou-ni-), _adj._, cunéiforme, en forme de coin. =cun´ning= (keu’n’-), _n._, finesse; adresse; ruse, astuce, _f._ =cun´ning=, _adj._, fin, rusé, adroit, astucieux. =cun´ningly=, _adv._, avec finesse; avec artifice; adroitement; par ruse. =cun´ningness=, _n._, ruse, finesse, _f._ =cup= (keupe), _n._, tasse, coupe, _f._; gobelet; (bot.) calice, _m._; (med.) ventouse, _f._ In one’s —s; _dans les vignes du Seigneur_; _ivre_; _pris de vin_. — and ball; _bilboquet_, _m._ —ful; _tassée_; _plein une tasse_. The parting —; _le coup de l’étrier_, _m._ =cup=, _v.a._, ventouser. =cup´bearer= (-bèr’-), _n._, échanson, _m._ =cup´board= (keub’eurde), _n._, armoire, _f._; buffet, placard, _m._ =cu´pel= (kiou-), _n._, (chem.) coupelle, _f._ =cupella´tion= (kiou-pèl-lé-), _n._, coupellation, _f._ =cupid´ity= (kiou-), _n._, cupidité, _f._ =cu´pola= (kiou-), _n._, coupole, _f._ =cup´ping=, _n._, application de ventouses, _f._ =cup´ping-glass= (-glâce), _n._, ventouse, _f._ =cu´preous= (kiou-pri-), _adj._, cuivreux. =cu´pulate= (kiou-piou-), _adj._, (bot.) muni d’une cupule, cupulé. =cu´pule= (kiou-pioul), _n._, (bot.) cupule, _f._ =cur= (keur), _n._, chien de rue, mauvais chien, chien hargneux, _m._; (pers.) vilain chien, vilain animal, _m._ =cur´able= (kiou-ra-b’l), _adj._, guérissable, curable. =cur´ableness=, _n._, curabilité, _f._ =cur´açoa= (kiou-ra-çô), _n._, curaçao (liqueur), _m._ =cur´acy= (kiou-), _n._, vicariat, _m._; cure, _f._ =cur´ate= (kiou-), _n._, vicaire, desservant, _m._ =cur´ative= (kiou-ré-), _adj._, curatif. =cura´tor= (kiou-ré-teur), _n._, administrateur, (museum) conservateur; (jur.) curateur, _m._ =curb= (keurbe), _n._, (man.) gourmette, _f._; (fig.) frein, _m._; (of a well) margelle; (of a foot pavement) bordure; (vet.) tare, _f._ — chain; _gourmette_, _f._ =curb=, _v.a._, (man.) gourmer; (fig.) réprimer, contenir, brider; mettre un frein =à=. =curb´less=, _adj._, effréné, sans frein. =curb´-stone= (-’stône), _n._, bordure, _f._ =curcu´lio= (keur-kiou-), _n._, (ent.) charançon, _m._ =cur´cuma= (keur-kiou-), _n._, (bot.) curcuma, _m._ =curd= (keurde), _n._, caillé, lait caillé, _m._; caillebotte, _f._; grumeau, _m._ =curd=, _v.a._, cailler, figer. =cur´dle= (keur’d’l), _v.a._, cailler; figer. =cur´dle=, _v.n._, se cailler, se figer. =curd´y=, _adj._, caillé, figé. =cure= (kioure), _n._, guérison; cure, _f._; remède, _m._; (ecc.) cure, _f._ — of souls; _charge d’âmes_, _f._ =cure=, _v.a._, guérir; (of hay) sécher; (meat) mariner, saler; (fig.) remédier =à=, corriger. =cure´less=, _adj._, incurable. =cur´er=, _n._, guérisseur, médecin; (of meat, fish) saleur, _m._ =cur´few= (keur-fiou), _n._, couvre-feu, _m._ =cur´few-bell=, _n._, couvre-feu, _m._ =curios´ity= (kiou-ri-oss’-), _n._, curiosité, _f._ Old —; _bric à brac_, _m._ Dealer in curiosities; _marchand de bric à brac_; _antiquaire_, _m._ =cu´rious= (kiou-), _adj._, curieux; exact; délicat; difficile. — of _ou_ after; _curieux_ =de=, _à la recherche_ =de=. =cu´riously=, _adv._, curieusement. — enough; _par une singulière coïncidence_. =curl= (keurl), _n._, boucle; ondulation, _f._ =curl=, _v.a._, boucler; friser; (fig.) faire onduler. To — up; _retrousser_, _faire tourbillonner_. =curl=, _v.n._, friser, boucler; (of the serpent) se replier, s’entortiller; (of the vine) s’entrelacer; (of smoke, waves) tourbillonner, onduler, ondoyer. To — up; _se pelotonner_ (of cats); _se blottir_; _se recoquiller_; _se retrousser_. =curl´-cloud=, _n._, cirrus, _m._ =curled= (keur’l’de), _adj._, (bot.) crispé, crépu; frisé, bouclé. =cur´lew= (keur-liou), _n._, (orni.) courlieu, courlis, _m._ =curl´iness= (keurl’-), _n._, frisure, _f._, frisé, _m._ =curl´ing=, _n._, frisure; (of waves) ondulation, _f._ =curl´ing-irons= (-ai’eurn’z) _ou_ =curl´ing-tongs= (-to’gnze), _n.pl._, fer à friser, _m.sing._ =curl´-paper=, _n._, papillote, _f._ =curl´y=, _adj._, frisé; bouclé; (fig.) qui ondule. — headed; _qui a la tête frisée_, _qui a les cheveux bouclés_. =curmud´geon= (keur-meud’jeune), _n._, ladre, pingre; grippe-sou, _m._, pingresse, _f._ =curmud´geonly=, _adv._, en ladre, de ladre. =cur´rant= (keur’ra’n’te), _n._, groseille à grappes, _f._ Dried —s; _raisin de Corinthe_, _m._ Black —; _cassis_, _m._ Red —; _groseille rouge_, _f._ White —; _groseille blanche_, _f._ =cur´rant-bush= (-boushe), _n._, groseiller à grappes; gadellier, _m._ =cur´rency= (keur-rè’n’-), _n._, (of money) cours, _m._, circulation, _f._; (fig.) cours, crédit, _m._, vogue, _f._ Legal —; _monnaie légale_, _f._ Paper —; _circulation de papier-monnaie_, _f._ To give — to; _donner cours_ =à=. =cur´rent=, _adj._, courant; (fig.) admis, reçu, qui a cours. — account; (com.) _compte courant_, _m._ — price; _prix courant_, _m._ To pass —; _avoir cours_; _être admis_. =cur´rent=, _n._, courant d’eau; courant; cours, _m._ =cur´rently=, _adv._, continuellement; couramment; généralement. It is — reported that; _on prétend que_ ou _le bruit court que_. =cur´ricle= (keur’ri-k’l), _n._, cabriolet à deux roues, _m._; chaise de poste, _f._ =curric´ulum=, _n._, cours; cours d’études, _m._ =cur´rier= (keur-ri-eur), _n._, corroyeur, _m._ =cur´rish= (keur-rishe), _adj._, hargneux, brutal. =cur´rishly=, _adv._, d’une manière hargneuse. =cur´ry= (keur-ri), _v.a._, corroyer; (a horse) étriller; (pers.) rosser, étriller; (cook.) accommoder au cari. To — favor with; _s’insinuer dans les bonnes grâces_ =de= ou _se faire bien venir_ =de=. =cur´ry=, =cur´ry-powder=, _n._, cari, _m._ =cur´ry-comb= (-côme), _n._, étrille, _f._ =curse= (keurse), _n._, malédiction, _f._, blasphème; fléau, malheur, _m._ =curse=, _v.a._, maudire, affliger. =curse=, _v.n._, proférer des malédictions; jurer, (pop.) sacrer. To be —d with; _être affligé_ =de=; _avoir pour son malheur_. He is —d with; _il a le malheur d’avoir_. =curs´ed= (keurs’ède), _adj._, maudit, exécrable. =curs´edly=, _adv._, abominablement; terriblement. =curs´edness=, _n._, (ant.) noirceur, méchanceté, _f._ =curs´er=, _n._, qui maudit, blasphémateur, _m._ =cur´sitor= (keur-si-teur), _n._, (ant.) greffier de la Cour de Chancellerie, _m._ =cur´sorily= (keur-), _adv._, rapidement; à la hâte, superficiellement. =cur´soriness= (keur-), _n._, examen rapide, _m._ =cur´sory= (keur-), _adj._, rapide, léger, superficiel; précipité. =curst= (keurste), _adj._, (ant.) odieux, détestable, vexatoire, méchant, malfaisant. =curt= (keurte), _adj._, court, bref; sec; concis. =curtail´= (keur-téle), _v.a._, retrancher; réduire; raccourcir; abréger, rogner, tronquer; amoindrir, diminuer; écourter. To — of; _priver_ =de=. =curtail´ment=, _n._, réduction, _f._; retranchement, raccourcissement, abrégé, _m._ =cur´tain= (keur-tine), _n._, rideau, _m._; (fort.) courtine, _f._; (thea.) rideau, _m._, toile, _f._ —-rod; _tringle_, _f._ — lecture; _semonce conjugale_, _f._ — hook, pin, rest; _patère_, _f._ — pole; _porte-rideaux_, _m.f._ =cur´tain=, _v.a._, garnir de rideaux; (fig.) envelopper, voiler. =cur´tain-arm= (-arme) _ou_ =cur´tain-band= (-ba’n’d), _n._, embrasse, _f._ =curt´sy= (keurt’-), _n._, révérence. _v.n._, faire la révérence. =cur´vated= (keur-vé-tède), _adj._, courbé. =curva´tion= (keur-vé-), _n._, courbure, _f._ =cur´vature= (keur-va-tioure), _n._, courbure, _f._ =curve= (keurve), _adj._, courbe. =curve=, _n._, (geom.) courbe, _f._ =curve=, _v.a._, courber; cintrer. _v.n._, se courber, devenir courbe, décrire une courbe. =curvet´= (keur-vète), _v.n._, (man.) faire des courbettes; sauter, gambader. =curvet´=, _n._ (man.) courbette, _f._; tour, _m._; (fig.) fredaine, _f._ =curvilin´eal= _ou_ =curvilin´ear= (keur-), _adj._, curviligne. =cush´ion= (coush’eune), _n._, coussin; (of a steam engine) matelas; (of a pump) coussinet, _m._; (billiards) bande, _f._ =cush´ion=, _v.a._, asseoir sur un coussin; garnir de coussins; (fig.) mettre de côté; étouffer; (at billiards) acculer à la bande. =cush´ioned= (coush’eu’n’de), _adj._, garni de coussins; (billiards) acculé à la bande. =cusp= (keuspe), _n._, corne du croissant, pointe; (anat.) cuspide, _f._; (arch.) lobe, _m._ =cus´pated= (keus-pét’ède), _ou_ =cus´pidal= (keus’-) _adj._, (ant.) terminé en pointe. =cus´pidated= (keus’pi-dét’ède), _adj._, terminé en pointe. =cuss=, _n._, vaurien, chenapan, _m._ =cuss´edness=, _n._, perversité, méchanceté, _f._ =cus´tard= (keus-), _n._, crème cuite au four, _f._; flan, _m._ — apple; (bot.) _anone_, _f._; _cœur de bœuf_, _m._ =cus´tody= (keus’-) _n._, garde; arrestation, prison, détention, _f._ To give any one into —; _faire arrêter quelqu’un_. To commit to any one’s —; _confier à la garde de quelqu’un_. In —; _en état d’arrestation_. In close —; _au secret_. =cus´tom= (keus’-), _n._, coutume, habitude, _f._; usage, _m._; pratique; douane; (of a shop) pratique, _f._, chalands, _m.pl._, achalandage, _m._ To clear the —s; _passer_ (quelque chose) _en douane_. =cus´tomable= (keus’to’m’a-b’l), _adj._, (l.u.) habituel; accoutumé; sujet aux droits de douane. =cus´tomably=, _adv._, de coutume; par habitude, habituellement. =cus´tomarily= (keus’-), _adv._, ordinairement, communément, habituellement, d’habitude. =cus´tomariness=, _n._, habitude, fréquence, _f._ =cus´tomary= (keus’-), _adj._, ordinaire; (jur.) coutumier; d’usage; reçu. =cus´tomer= (keus’-), _n._, chaland, client; habitué, _m._; pratique, _f._; (pop.) individu, particulier, _m._ To know one’s —s; _connaître son monde_. Ugly —; _mauvais coucheur_, _m._ Queer —; _drôle d’individu_, _m._ =cus´tom-house= (-haouce), _n._, douane, _f._ — officer; _employé de la douane_; _douanier_, _m._ =cus´toms-duty= (-diou-), _n._, droit de douane, _m._ =cut= (keute), _n._, (with a sharp instrument) coup, _m._; balafre, estafilade, _f._; (piece cut off) morceau, _m._; (place cut open) coupure; (of clothes) coupe; (engr.) gravure, vignette, estampe; (at cards) coupe; (channel) coupure, _f._; chenal, _m._; (words) ironie incisive, _f._, reproche vif, mot piquant, trait; coup de patte, _m._; (figure) tournure; (short way) traverse, _f._; le plus court, au plus court. To draw —s; _tirer à la courte paille_. To take a short —; _prendre un raccourci_. To take the shortest —; _prendre le chemin le plus court_. =cut=, _v.a._, (_preterit_ and _past part._, Cut) couper, tailler, fendre; trancher. To — one’s teeth; _faire ses dents_. To — a figure; _faire figure_. To — capers; _faire des siennes_. To — some one; _rompre_ =avec=, _planter là_, _laisser là_; _passer quelqu’un dans la rue_. To — a loaf; _entamer un pain_. To — down; _abattre_; (mil.) _tailler en pièces_, _écraser_; (to clip) _rogner_, _abréger_, _réduire_. To — off; _supprimer_; _retrancher_; _extirper_; _élider_; _séparer_; _couper_, _trancher_, _tailler_; _intercepter_; _priver_; _empêcher_. To — small; _hacher_; _rapetisser_. To — short; _interrompre_; _abréger_. To — to the heart; _fendre le cœur_ =à=; _affliger_. To — up; _ouvrir_; _couper_; _écharper_; _disséquer_; _découper_. To — asunder; _déchirer_; _trancher_; _exclure_; _couper_; _briser_; (mil.) _écharper_; _tailler en piéces_. To — out; _tailler_; _couper_; _ôter_, _retrancher_; (fig.) _surpasser_, _éclipser_. To — out work for any one; _tailler de la besogne_ =à=. To — one’s way; _se frayer un chemin_. To — one’s sticks, to — it; _filer_, _déguerpir_. To — across; _couper en travers_. To — along; _filer_, _jouer des jambes_. To — off with a shilling; _ne rien laisser_ =à=; _déshériter_. To — to pieces; (mil.) _écharper_, _tailler en pièces_; (criticism) _abîmer_. =cut=, _v.n._, couper, se couper, percer, tailler. To — and come again; _revenir au plat_. =cut and dried=, _adj._, tout prêt, tout fait. =cuta´neous= (kiou-té-ni-), _adj._, cutané. =cu´ticle= (kiou-ti-k’l), _n._, cuticule, pellicule, _f._; épiderme, _m._ =cutic´ular= (kiou-tik’iou-), _adj._, épidermique. =cut´lass= (keut’-), _n._, coutelas, _m._ =cut´ler= (keut’-), _n._, coutelier, _m._ =cut´lery=, _n._, coutellerie, _f._ =cut´let= (keut’-), _n._, côtelette, _f._ =cut´purse= (-peurse), _n._, coupeur de bourse, _m._ =cut´ter= (keut’-), _n._, coupeur, coupoir; (nav.) canot, cotre, cutter; (tech.) burin, _m._ =cut´throat= (-thrôte), _n._, coupe-jarret, _m._ — place; _coupe-gorge_, _m._ =cut´ting= (keut’-), _n._, incision; (of wood, of cards, of hair) coupe; (hort.) bouture, _f._ =cut´ting=, _adj._, incisif; piquant; poignant, caustique; tranchant, mordant. =cut´ting-en´gine= (-è’n’djine), _n._, machine à diviser, _f._ =cut´ting-knife= (-naïfe), _n._, (print.) coupoir, _m._ =cut´ting-out-machine= (-aoute-ma-shîne), _n._, (coin.) emporte-pièce, _m._ =cut´ting-press= (-prèce), _n._, (bookbind.) rognoir, _m._ =cut´tle= _ou_ =cut´tle-fish= (keut’t’l, -fishe), _n._, (mol.) sèche, seiche; pieuvre, _f._ =cut´tle-bone=, _n._, (conch.) os de sèche, _m._ =cut´tle-fish=, _n._, seiche, _f._ =cut´ty-pipe=, _n._, brûle-gueule, _m._ =cut´water= (-wōteur), _n._, (engineering) avant-bec; arrière-bec; (orni.) coupeur d’eau, bec-en-ciseaux; (nav.) tailler, _m._ =cy´cle= (çaï’k’l), _n._, cycle, _m._ — of the sun; _cycle solaire_. — of the moon; _cycle lunaire_. =cy´cloid= (çaï-cloïde), _n._, cycloïde, _f._ =cy´clop= (çaï-), _n._, cyclope, _m._ =cyclopæ´dia= (çaï-klo-pî-), _n._, encyclopédie, _f._ =cyclope´an= (çaï-clo-pî-), _adj._, cyclopéen. =cyclop´ic= (çaï-), _adj._, de cyclope; cyclopéen. =cyg´net=, _n._, jeune cygne, _m._ =cyl´inder= (ci-), _n._, cylindre; (of a pump) corps de pompe, _m._ =cylindra´ceous= (ci-li’n’dré-sheusse), _adj._, (l.u.) cylindrique. =cylin´dric= _ou_ =cylin´drical= (ci-li’n’-), _adj._, cylindrique. =cyma´tium= (si-mé-shi-eume), _n._, (arch.) cymaise, _f._ =cym´bal= (si’m’-), _n._, cymbale, _f._ =cym´bal-player= (-plé’-), _n._, cymbalier, _m._ =cynan´che= (si-na’gn’ki), _n._, (med.) esquinancie, _f._ =cyn´ic=, _n._, cynique, _m._ =cyn´ic= _ou_ =cyn´ical=, _adj._, cynique. =cyn´ically=, _adj._, cyniquement, d’une manière cynique. =cyn´icism= (-ciz’m), _n._, cynisme, _m._ =cyn´osure= (çaï-no-shioure _ou_ ci-), _n._, cynosure, _f._, point d’attraition, point de mire, _m._ The — of all eyes; _l’objet de tous les regards_, _m._ =cy´press= _ou_ =cy´press-tree= (çaï-prèce, -tri) _n._, cyprès, _m._ =cy´press-wood= (-woude), _n._, cyprès, bois de cyprès, _m._ =cyst= _ou_ =cys´tis= (ciste _ou_ -tiss), _n._, (surg.) kyste, _m._ =cysti´tis= (cis-taï-tiss), _n._, (med.) cystite, _f._ =cystot´omy= (cis’to-), _n._, cystotomie, _f._ =cyt´isus= (-ceuss), _n._, (bot.) cytise; faux ébénier, _m._ =czar= (zâr), _n._, tsar, czar, _m._ =czari´na= (-rî-), _n._, tsarine, czarine, _f._ =czar´ish=, _adj._, tsarien, czarien. =czar´owitz= (zar’o-vitse) _n._, tsarowitz, czarowitz, _m._ D =d=, quatrième lettre de l’alphabet, d, _m._; (mus.) ré, _m._ =dab=, _n._, coup léger, _m._; éclaboussure, tache; (pers., pop.) expert, adepte, _f._; (a bit) petit morceau, _m._; (ich.) limande, _f._ To be a — at; _exceller_ =à= ou =en=; _s’entendre_ =à=; _être au fait_ =de=. =dab=, _v.a._, toucher légèrement; éponger à petits coups; étuver. =dab´ble= (dab’b’l), _v.a._, barbouiller, souiller, éclabousser. =dab´ble=, _v.n._, barboter, patauger. To — in; _se mêler_ =de=, _s’ingérer_ =dans=; _toucher_ =à=. =dab´bler=, _n._, barboteur; bousilleur; barbouilleur, _m._ =dab´chick= (-tshik), _n._, (orni.) le petit grèbe, grèbe castagneux, _m._ =dab´ster=, _n._, malin; passé maître, _m._ =dace=, _n._, (ich.) vandoise, _f._; dard, _m._ =dachs´hund=, _n._, basset allemand, _m._ =dac´tyle=, _n._, dactyle, _m._ =dac´tylic=, _n._, dactylique. =dad= _ou_ =dad´dy=, _n._, papa, _m._ —-long-legs; (ent.) _faucheur_, _faucheux_, _m._ =da´do= (dé-dô), _n._, (arch.) dé; fût vertical, (of rooms) lambris, _m._ =daf´fodil=, _n._, asphodèle, narcisse des prés, _m._ =daft=, _adj._, stupide, sot; à moitié fou. =dag=, _n._, (ant.) dague, _f._ =dag´ger= (dag’gheur), _n._, poignard, _m._; dague; (print.) croix, _f._ At —s drawn; _à couteaux tirés_. — knife; _couteau-poignard_, _m._ To look —s at; _lancer des regards foudroyants_ =à=. =dag´gers-drawing= (-’gheurz’drō’-), _n._, action de tirer les poignards du fourreau; mettre l’épée à la main; mettre flamberge au vent; violente querelle, _f._ To be at —; _être à couteaux tirés_ =avec=, _être toujours à se quereller_. =dag´gle= (dag’g’l), _v.n._, se crotter; se traîner dans la boue. =dag´gle=, _v.a._, crotter; traîner dans la boue. =dag´gle-tail= (-téle), _adj._ _V._ =draggle-tailed=. =Da´gon= (dé-), _n._, Dagon, _m._ =daguerre´otype= (-taïpe), _n._, daguerréotype, _m._ =dah´lia= (dâ-), _n._, (bot.) dahlia, _m._ =dai´ly= (dé-li), _adj._, journalier, quotidien; (astron.) diurne. =dai´ly=, _adv._, journellement, tous les jours. =dain´tily= (dé’n’-), _adv._, délicatement, élégamment; avec délicatesse; avec friandise. =dain´tiness=, _n._, délicatesse, _f._, goût difficile, _m._ =dain´ty=, _n._, friandise, _f._ =dain´ty= (dé’n’-), _adj._, friand, délicat; difficile. =dai´ry= (dé-ri), _n._, laiterie; (shop) crémerie, _f._ =dai´ry-farm= (-fârme), _n._, laiterie en gros, _f._ =dai´ryist= (-ri-iste), _n._, (l.u.) laitier, crémier, _m._ =dai´ry-maid= (-méde), _n._, fille de laiterie, laitière, _f._ =dai´ry-man= (-ma’n), _n._, garçon de laiterie; laitier, crémier, _m._ =dai´ry-room= (-roume), _n._, laiterie (lieu où l’on tient le lait), _f._ =dai´ry-wom´an= (-woum’a’n), _n._, laitière, crémière, _f._ =dais=, _n._, estrade, _f._; (ant.) dais, _m._ =dai´sy= (dé-zi), _n._, marguerite, pâquerette, _f._ =dai´sy-cutter= (-cut’-), _n._, (man.) cheval qui rase le tapis, _m._ =dai´sy-rake= (-réke), _n._, râteau à gazon, _m._ =dale=, _n._, vallon, _m._; vallée, _f._ Up hill and down —; _par monts et par vaux_. =dales´man=, _n._, habitant des vallées, _m._ =dal´liance= (dal’li-), _n._, folâtrerie, _f._; badinage, _m._; caresses, _f.pl._; (ant.) délai, _m._ =dal´lier= (dal’li-), _n._, folâtre, _m._; personne légère, _f._ =dal´ly= (dal’li), _v.n._, tarder, différer; s’amuser; badiner; folâtrer; perdre son temps. =dam= (dame), _n._, (of animals) mère; (at draughts) dame damée, dame; (of a canal) dame, _f._; (of a river) barrage, batardeau, _m._; digue, _f._ =dam=, _v.n._, diguer, barrer, endiguer, contenir; (fig.) arrêter. =dam´age= (dam’édje), _n._, dommage; tort, dégât; (fig.) préjudice, détriment, _m._; (nav.) avarie, _f.pl._, (jur.) dommages-intérêts, dommages et intérêts, _m.pl._ =dam´age=, _v.a._, endommager; avarier; (fig.) faire tort =à=; nuire =à=, compromettre. =dam´age=, _v.n._, s’endommager. =dam´ageable= (-’édj’a-b’l), _adj._, susceptible de s’endommager, avariable. =damascene´= (-’cîne), _n._, prune de Damas, _f._ =dam´ask=, _n._, damas, _m._ _adj._, damassé. — rose; _rose incarnate_, _f._ =dam´ask=, _v.a._, damasser. =damaskeen´= (-’kîne), _v.a._, damasquiner. =damaskeen´ing=, _n._, (art) damasquinerie; (ornament) damasquinure, _f._ =dam´asking=, _n._, damassure, _f._ =dam´ask-worker=, _n._, damasseur, _m._ =dam´assin=, _n._, damassin, _m._; damesquette, _f._ =dame= (déme), _n._, dame; mère; maîtresse d’école, _f._ —’s violet; (bot.) _julienne des jardins_, _f._ =damn= (da’m’), _v.a._, damner; condamner; désapprouver; siffler (as a mark of disapprobation); jurer après; envoyer au diable. —! _sacrebleu!_ =dam´nable= (da’m’na’b’l), _adj._, damnable, maudit, odieux, pernicieux. =dam´nably=, _adv._, odieusement, abominablement, diablement. =damna´tion= (da’m’né-), _n._, damnation, _f._ =dam´natory= (da’m’na-tori), _adj._, condamnatoire. =damned= (da’m’de _ou_ da’m’nède), _adj._, damné; (l.ex.) maudit, odieux, détestable, exécrable. =damp= (da’m’pe), _n._, humidité, vapeur, _f._; froid, _m._; (fig.) tristesse, _f._, abattement, _m._ Choke —; _mofette_, _f._; _acide carbonique_, _m._ =damp=, _adj._, humide; moite; (fig.) triste, abattu. =damp=, _v.a._, rendre humide; humecter; (fig.) décourager, abattre, ralentir, refroidir. To — the spirits of; _décourager_. =damp´er=, _n._, éteignoir; (piano) étouffoir, _m._, pédale douce, sourdine, _f._; (of a chimney) registre; (fig.) éteignoir; rabat-joie, _m._ To put a — on; _jeter un voile de tristesse_ =sur=. =damp´ish=, _adj._, un peu humide, moite. =damp´ness=, _n._, humidité, moiteur, _f._ =dam´sel= (da’m’zèl), _n._, jeune fille, suivante, demoiselle, _f._ =dam´son= (da’m’z’n), _n._, prune de Damas, _f._ =dam´son-tree= (-trî), _n._, prunier de Damas, _m._ =dance= (da’n’se), _n._, danse, _f._, bal, _m._ To lead the —; _mener la danse_. — music; _air de danse_, _air dansant_, _m._ The — of death; _danse macabre_. To lead any one a —; _houspiller_, ou _malmener_, _quelqu’un_. =dance=, _v.n._, danser; agiter. — attendance; _faire le pied de grue_; _faire antichambre_; (fam.) _croquer le marmot_. =dance=, _v.a._, danser; faire danser. =dan´cer=, _n._, danseur, _m._, danseuse, _f._ =dan´cing=, _n._, danse, _f._ =dan´cing=, _adj._, de danse. —-master; _maître de danse_, _m._ —-room; _salle de danse_, _f._ — party; _soirée dansante_, _f._, _bal_, _m._ =dan´delion= (da’n’dé-laï’one), _n._, (bot.) dent-de-lion, _f._; pissenlit, _m._ =dan´dle= (da’n’d’l), _v.a._, dorloter; bercer, dodiner. =dan´druff= (da’n’dreufe), _n._, dartre farineuse, crasse (_de la tête_), _f._; pellicules, _f.pl._ =dan´dy=, _n._, dandy, élégant, petit-maître, gandin, _m._ =dan´dy=, _adj._, de dandy; élégant. =dan´dyism=, _n._, dandysme, _m._ =Dane=, _n._, Danois, _m._, Danoise, _f._ =dane´wort= (-weurte), _n._, hièble, yèble, _f._ =dan´ger= (dé’n’djeur), _n._, danger, péril, _m._ =dan´gerless=, _adj._, sans danger. =dan´gerous=, _adj._, dangereux. =dan´gerously=, _adv._, dangereusement. =dan´gle= (da’gn’g’l), _v.n._, pendiller. _v.a._, laisser pendre, balancer, agiter. To — after; _être aux trousses_ =de=; _être pendu à la ceinture_ =de=. =dan´gler=, _n._, godelureau, parasite, _m._ =Dan´ish= (dé’n’-), _adj._, danois. =Dan´ish=, _n._, danois (language), _m._ =dank=, _adj._, moite, humide. =dank=, _n._, humidité, _f._ =dank´ishness=, _n._, humidité, _f._ =dap´per=, _adj._, éveillé; leste; vif, fringant, pimpant. — couplets; _couplets sémillants_, _m.pl._ =dap´perling=, _n._, nain, petit bonhomme, _m._ =dap´ple= (dap’p’l), _adj._, pommelé, truité, miroité. —-gray; _gris pommelé_, _m._ =dap´ple=, _v.a._, tacheter, pommeler, barioler. _v.n._, se pommeler, se tacheter. =dare=, _v.n._ (_preterit_, Durst), oser, risquer. =dare=, _v.a._, défier; braver; affronter, provoquer. I — say; _j’ose dire que_; _il est probable que_; _je crois bien que_; _sans doute que_; _je parie que_. I — say! _eh bien, oui!_; _par exemple!_ To — to do; _oser faire_. If you — me to do it; _si vous me défiez de le faire_. =dare´-devil=, _n._ and _adj._, audacieux, désespéré; un risque-tout. =dar´ing=, _adj._, audacieux, hardi, vaillant. =dar´ing=, _n._, hardiesse, audace, _f._ =dar´ingly=, _adv._, audacieusement, hardiment. =dark= (dârke), _n._, ténèbres, _f.pl._; obscurité, ignorance, nuit, _f._ =dark=, _adj._, obscur, sombre; noir; (fig.) caché, mystérieux. — lantern; _lanterne sourde_, _f._ To be —; _faire sombre_; _faire nuit_. The — ages; _l’âge des ténèbres_, _le moyen-âge_, _m._ To see only the — side (of anything); _voir tout en noir_. — working; _mystérieux_. =dark´en= (dâr’k’n), _v.a._, obscurcir, assombrir; (the complexion) brunir; (colors in painting) assourdir; (fig.) troubler, embarrasser. =dark´en=, _v.n._, s’obscurcir; se rembrunir, s’assombrir. =dark´ening=, _n._, obscurcissement, assombrissement; rembrunissement; (of colors) assourdissement, _m._ =dark´ish=, _adj._, un peu sombre; noirâtre, un peu brun. =dark´ling=, _adj._, (ant.) dans l’obscurité, dans les ténèbres. =dark´ly=, _adv._, obscurément; sourdement; dans les ténèbres. =dark´ness=, _n._, obscurité, _f._; ténèbres, _f.pl._, (of colors) teinte sombre, _f._; (of the skin), teint brun, _m._ =dark´some= (-seume), _adj._, sombre. =dar´ky=, _n._, (fam.) moricaud, _m._ =dar´ling= (dâr-), _n._, favori, _m._; favorite, _f._; chéri, _m._, chérie, _f._; mignon, _m._, mignonne, _f._; bien-aimé, _m._, bien-aimée, _f._; ange; chou, _m._ =dar´ling=, _adj._, chéri, favori, bien-aimé. =darn= (dârne), _n._, reprise, _f._ =darn=, _v.a._, repriser; faire des reprises =à=. =dar´nel= (dâr-), _n._, ivraie, _f._ =darn´ing=, _n._, reprise, _f._ — cotton; _coton à repriser_, _m._ — needle; _aiguille à repriser_, _f._ =dart= (dârte), _n._, dard; trait, _m._ =dart=, _v.a._, darder; lancer =contre=. =dart=, _v.n._, se lancer, s’élancer =sur=; fondre =sur=; partir comme un trait. =dash=, _n._, choc; coup, élan; (with a pen) trait, _m._; (small quantity) teinte, _f._, (fig.) grain, _m._, pointe, _f._; soupçon, _m._ To cut a —; _mener grand train_, _trancher du grand_. A — of vinegar; _un filet de vinaigre_. =dash=, _v.a._, frapper; écraser, heurter, briser; barrer, biffer; (fig.) détruire; (writing) souligner. To — against; _heurter_ =contre=. To — away; _jeter_, _repousser_. To — up; _faire sauter_, _faire jaillir_. To — in pieces; _briser en morceaux_. To — down; _précipiter_, _renverser_. To — out; _effacer_; _faire sauter_. To — off; _ébaucher_, _esquisser_; (fam.) _brocher_. =dash=, _v.n._, se heurter, se briser; se précipiter, jaillir. To — through; _se précipiter_, _s’élancer à travers_. To — in; _interrompre vivement_. To — up (to a carriage); _s’élancer_ =jusqu’à=. =dash´ing=, _adj._, fougueux; brillant, superbe; pimpant, élégant. =das´tard=, _n._, lâche, _m.f._; poltron, _m._, poltronne, _f._ =das´tard=, _adj._, lâche; poltron. =das´tardize= (-’aïze), _v.a._, (ant.) effrayer, faire peur =à=. =das´tardliness=, _n._, poltronnerie, lâcheté, _f._ =das´tardly=, _adj._, lâche; poltron. =das´tardy=, _n._, (ant.) lâcheté, poltronnerie, _f._ =da´ta= (dé-), _n.pl._, données, _f.pl._ =date=, _n._, date, échéance, _f._; (of money) millésime, _m._; (bot.) datte, _f._ — rack; _semainier_, _m._ Out of —; _suranné_, _vieilli_; _passé de mode_, _démodé_; (com.) (_i.e._ overdue) _périmé_. To pass out of —; _passer_, _vieillir_; (com.) _périmer_. Dated, under — of; _en date_ =de=. To bring up to —; _mettre à jour_. =date=, _v.a._ and _n._, dater; (from) dater =de=. =date´less=, _adj._, sans date. =date´-tree= (-trî), _n._, dattier, _m._ =da´tive= (dé-), _adj._, datif. =da´tive= (dé-), _n._, datif, _m._ =da´tum= (dé-teume), _n._, (_data_) donnée, _f._; (mec.) repère, _m._ — line; _ligne de repère_, _f._ =daub= (dōbe), _v.a._, barbouiller; enduire; (fig.) surcharger, déguiser; flatter grossièrement, flagorner. =daub=, _n._, barbouillage, _m._; (paint.) croûte, _f._ =daub´er=, _n._, barbouilleur, crouton, _m._, (fig.) flagorneur. =daub´y=, _adj._, gluant, visqueux. =daugh´ter= (dō’teur), _n._, fille, _f._ —-in-law; _belle-fille_, _bru_, _f._ Step-—; _belle-fille_, _f._ Grand-—; _petite-fille_, _f._ =daugh´terly=, _adj._, filial. _adv._, en fille, filialement. =daunt= (dâ’n’te _ou_ dō’n’te), _v.a._, dompter; effrayer, intimider, abattre. =daunt´less=, _adj._, indomptable, intrépide. =daunt´lessness=, _n._, intrépidité, _f._ =dau´phin= (dō-fine), _n._, Dauphin, _m._ =dau´phiness=, _n._, Dauphine, _f._ =dav´enport=, _n._, bureau, secrétaire, _m._ =da´vit= (dé-vite), _n._, (nav.) davier, bossoir, _m._ =daw´dle= (dō’d’l), _v.n._, lambiner, muser, baguenauder, flâner. =daw´dler=, _n._, flâneur, lambin, musard, _m._ =dawn= (dō’ne), _n._, aube, aurore, _f._; point du jour, _m._ =dawn=, _v.n._, poindre, paraître, se lever, luire. (fig.) briller; naître, percer. =day= (dé), _n._, jour, _m._; journée; (fig.) bataille, victoire, _f._ To-—; _aujourd’hui_. — before yesterday; _avant-hier_. — after to-morrow; _après-demain_. Better —s; _des jours meilleurs_. — by —; _de jour en jour_. Every —; _tous les jours_. All —; _tout le jour_; _toute la journée_. The — after; _le lendemain_. This —; _aujourd’hui_; _ce jour-ci_. From this —; _dès aujourd’hui_. Two —s after; _le surlendemain_, _m._ Two —s before; _l’avant veille_, _f._ The — of the month; _le quantième du mois_. Broad —; _plein jour_. Every two —s, every other —; _tous les deux jours_. In our —s; _de nos jours_. Good —; _bonjour_. Any —; _d’un jour à l’autre_; _n’importe quel jour_. By the —; _à la journée_. At the present —; _de nos jours_. In the —s of old; _au temps jadis_. In the —s of; _au temps_ =de=; _du temps_ =de=. In former —s; _autrefois_, _jadis_. The — before; _la veille_. The — before that on which; _la veille du jour où_. This — last year; _l’an dernier à pareil jour_. This — week; _d’aujourd’hui en huit_. This — fortnight; _d’aujourd’hui en quinze_. The better the — the better the deed; _bon jour_, _bonne œuvre_. Sufficient for the — is the evil thereof; _à chaque jour suffit sa peine_. To carry, _ou_ win, the —; _remporter la victoire_. To have one’s —s; _avoir ses jours_; _être journalier_. To have had its —; (of a thing) _avoir servi son temps_. =day´boarder=, _n._, demi-pensionnaire, _m._ =day´book= (-bouke), _n._, (com.) journal; livre journal, _m._ =day´break= (-brèke), _n._, point du jour, _m._; pointe du jour, aube, aurore, _f._ =day´light= (-laïte), _n._, jour, _m._, lumière du jour, _f._ Broad —; _grand jour_. By —; _de jour_. In broad —; _au grand jour_, _en plein jour_. =day´ly=. _V._ =daily=. =day´pupil=, _n._, externe, _m._ =day´spring=, _n._, jour naissant, _m._; aurore, aube, _f._ =day´-star=, _n._, étoile du matin, _f._; soleil, _m._ =day’s´-work= (dé’z’weurke), _n._, ouvrage d’un jour, _m._; journée, _f._; travail du jour, _m._ =day´time= (-taïme), _n._, (from sunrise to sunset) jour, _m._; journée, _f._ In the —; _pendant le jour_, _pendant la journée_. =day´-wearied= (-wî-ride), _adj._, fatigué de sa journée. =daze=, _n._, pierre brillante, _f._ =daz´zle= _ou_ =daze= (daz’z’l), _v.a._, éblouir, étourdir, stupéfier. =daz´zle=, _v.n._, (l.u.) être ébloui, s’éblouir. =daz´zling=, _n._, éblouissement, _m._ =daz´zling=, _adj._, éblouissant. =daz´zlingly=, _adv._, d’une manière éblouissante. =dea´con= (dî’k’n), _n._, diacre, _m._ =dea´coness= (dî’kn’èce), _n._, diaconesse, _f._ =dea´conry= (dî’k’n-ri) _ou_ =dea´conship= (dî’k’n-), _n._, diaconat, _m._ =dead= (dède), _adj._, mort; inanimé; inerte, insensible; lourd, pesant; (of liquor) éventé; (of fire) sans flamme; (of sound) sourd; (of colors) terne, mat. — body; _cadavre_, _corps mort_, _m._ — coal; _charbon éteint_, _m._ — sleep; _profond sommeil_, _m._ — of the night; _silence de la nuit_, _m._ — time of the year; _morte-saison_, _f._ — wall; _muraille isolée_ ou _sans baies_, _f._; _mur blanc_, _m._ — calm; _calme plat_, _m._ Money lying —; _de l’argent qui dort_, _m._ To drop down —; _tomber mort_. — drunk; _ivre-mort_. — beat; _éreinté_. — house; _morgue_, _f._ — letter; (inoperative) _lettre morte_, _f._; _lettre tombée au rebut_. — letter office; _bureau des rebuts_, _m._ — lift; _dernière extrémité_, _f._; _état désespéré_, _m._ — march; _marche funèbre_, _f._ — season; _morte-saison_, _f._ —lock; (fig.) _impasse_, _f._; _arrêt forcé_, _m._ — level; _niveau_, _m._ — reckoning; (nav.) _route estimée_, _f._ — set; _vive attaque_; _tentative désespérée_, _f._ — shot; _qui a un tir infaillible_. — stop; _halte subite_, _f._ — weight; _poids inerte_; _fardeau pesant_, _m._ — water; _remous_, _m._ — wood; _bois mort_, _m._ =dead=, _n._, (of the winter) cœur, fort; (of the night) milieu, _m._ The —; _les morts_, _m.pl._ =dead´en= (dèd’d’n), _v.a._, amortir; (to blunt) émousser; (liquor) éventer; (gold and silver) matir, amatir; (of sounds) assourdir. =dead´liness=, _n._, caractère mortel, _m._, nature mortelle, _f._ =dead´ly=, _adj._, mortel, à mort; (fig.) extrêmement, profondément. — dull; _profondément triste_. — nightshade; _belladonne_, _f._ =dead´ly=, _adv._, mortellement. =dead´ness=, _n._, mort, _f._; (fig.) engourdissement, _m._, stagnation, froideur, (of sound) matité, _f._ =deaf= (dèfe), _adj._, sourd; (fig.) insensible. — as a post; _sourd comme un pot_. =deaf´en= (dèf’f’n), _v.a._, rendre sourd; assourdir; étourdir. =deaf´ening=, _adj._, assourdissant. =deaf´ly= (dèf’li), _adv._, (of hearing) mal, imparfaitement. =deaf´ness= (dèf’-), _n._, surdité, _f._ =deal= (dîl), _n._, quantité; (at cards) donne, _f._; (wood) bois blanc, sapin, bois de sapin, _m._ A great —, a good —; _beaucoup_ =de=. By a good —; _à beaucoup près_. A good — to do; _beaucoup_, ou _fort_, _à faire_. =deal=, _v.a._, distribuer; répartir; (at cards) donner; (blows) porter. To — blows; _frapper_. =deal=, _v.n._, agir, traiter, en user =avec=; mener; conduire, (to throw) lancer; diriger, gouverner (of commerce). To — by any one; _traiter quelqu’un_; _en user à l’égard de quelqu’un_. To — with any one; _en user_ =avec= _quelqu’un_; (com.) _donner sa pratique_, _se faire servir chez quelqu’un_. To have to — with; _avoir affaire_ =à=. =deal´er=, _n._, marchand, _m._; (at cards) personne qui donne, _f._, donneur, _m._ =deal´ing=, _n._, conduite, manière d’agir, _f._; procédé, _m._; affaire, occupation, _f._; relations, _f.pl._, rapports, _m.pl._ Double —; _duplicité_, _f._ =dean= (dîne), _n._, doyen, _m._ =dean´ery= (dî’n’euri) _ou_ =dean´ship= (dî’n’-), _n._, doyenné, décanat, _m._ =dear= (dîre), _n._, cher; cher ami, _m._; chère; chère amie, bonne, _f._ =dear!= _int._, mon Dieu! Oh — me! _Ah, mon Dieu!_ =dear=, _adj._, cher; chéri; précieux, joli, gentil, charmant. =dear=, _adv._, cher; beaucoup. =dear´ly=, _adv._, chèrement; tendrement. =dear´ly-bought=, =dear´bought= (-bōte), _adj._, acheté cher, payé cher. =dear´ness=, _n._, cherté; (fig.) tendresse, _f._ =dearth= (deurth), _n._, disette, _f._ =death= (dèth), _n._, mort, _f._; (hunt.) hallali; (poet.) trépas; (jur.) décès, _m._ It will be the — of me; _j’en mourrai_. To be frozen to —; _mourir de froid_. To beat to —; _assommer de coups_. To catch one’s —; _attraper la mort_. To bleed to —; _saigner à blanc_; _perdre tout son sang_. That child will be the — of me; _cet enfant me tuera_. To drink one’s self to —; _se tuer à force de boire_. To die a natural —; _mourir de sa belle mort_. To be sick unto —; _être malade_ =à= _en mourir_. To pine to —; _mourir de chagrin_. To put to —; _mettre à mort_. To frighten to —; _faire mourir de frayeur_. To sound the —; (hunt.) _sonner l’hallali_. =death´-bed= (-bède), _n._, lit de mort, _m._ On one’s —; _à son lit de mort_; _au lit de la mort_. =death´-bell=, _n._, cloche funèbre, _f._; glas funèbre, _m._ =death´-blow= (-blô), _n._, coup de la mort; coup mortel, _m._; (fig.) ruine complète; destruction, _f._; coup de grâce, _m._ =death´-boding= (-bod’-), _adj._, qui présage la mort. =death´-darting= (-dârt’-), _adj._, qui lance la mort; meurtrier. =death´-dealing=, _adj._, qui donne la mort. =death´-hunter= (-heu’n’t-), _n._, croque mort, _m._ =death´less=, _adj._, immortel, impérissable. =death´like= (-laïke), _adj._, semblable à la mort; de mort; cadavéreux. =death´-note= (-nôte), _n._, son de mort, _m._ =death´-psalm= (-sâme), _n._, psaume des morts, de Profundis, _m._ =death´-rate=, _n._, mortalité, proportion des décès, _f._ =death´-rattle= (-rat’t’l), _n._, râle de la mort, râle de l’agonie, râle, _m._ =death’s´-door= (dèths’dôre), _n._, porte du tombeau, _f._ At —; _à deux doigts de la mort_, _à l’article de la mort_. =death’s´-head= (dèths’hède), _n._, tête de mort, _f._ =death´-shot= (-shote), _n._, coup mortel, _m._ =death´-struggle= (-strug’g’l), _n._, agonie, _f._ =death´-throes= (-thrôze), agonie, _f._ To be in one’s —; _agoniser_. =death´-warrant= (-wor’ra’n’te), _n._, ordre d’exécution; arrêt de mort, _m._ =death´watch= (-wōtshe), _n._, (ent.) horloge de la mort, _f._ =death´wound=, _n._, blessure mortelle, _f._ =debar´= (di-bâr), _v.a._, exclure =de=; priver =de=; empêcher =de=; frustrer =de=, défendre, interdire. =debark´= (di-bârke), _v.a._, débarquer. =debarka´tion=, _n._, débarquement, _m._ =debase´= (di-béce), _v.a._, avilir; abaisser; abâtardir, ravaler; (chem.) adultérer, falsifier, frelater; dénaturer; (coin.) altérer, falsifier. =debase´ment= (-béce-), _n._, abaissement, avilissement, _m._; (chem.) falsification, (coin.) altération, sophistication, _f._; frelatage, _m._ =debas´er= (-béce-), _n._, personne qui abaisse, qui avilit, _f._ =debas´ing= (-béce-), _adj._, avilissant. =debat´able= (di-bét’a-b’l), _adj._, contestable, sujet à contestation. =debate´= (di-béte), _n._, débat, _m._; débats, _m.pl._; discussion, contestation, dispute, _f._ =debate´=, _v.a._, débattre, discuter, disputer. =debate´=, _v.n._, discuter =sur=; délibérer =sur=. =deba´ter=, _n._, personne qui discute, _f._; orateur parlementaire; argumentateur, _m._ =debauch´= (di-bōtsh), _n._, débauche, _f._ =debauch´=, _v.a._, débaucher corrompre, pervertir. =debauch´edly= (di-bōtsh’èd-), _adv._, dans la débauche, en débauché. =debauchee´= (dèb-ō-shî), _n._, libertin, débauché, _m._ =debauch´er= (di-bōtsh’-), _n._, débaucheur, _m._, débaucheuse, _f._; corrupteur, _m._, corruptrice, _f._ =debauch´ery= (di-bōtsheur’i), _n._, débauche, _f._ =debauch´ment=, _n._, (ant.) débauche, _f._ =deben´ture= (di-bè’n’t’ioure), _n._, reconnaissance d’une dette, obligation, _f._; (at the customs) certificat de prime, _m._ — holder; _porteur d’obligations_, _m._ =debil´itate= (di-), _v.a._, débiliter, affaiblir. =debilita´tion= (-li-té-), _n._, debilitation, _f._; affaiblissement, _m._ =debil´ity=, _n._, débilité; faiblesse, _f._ =deb´it= (dèb’ite), _n._, débet, débit, doit, _m._ To carry to any one’s —; _porter au débit de quelqu’un_. — balance; _solde débiteur_, _m._ — side; _débit_, _doit_. =deb´it=, _v.a._, débiter =de=, passer au débit =de=. =debonair´= (dèb’o-nére), _adj._, débonnaire, doux, poli, complaisant. =debonair´ly=, _adv._, (ant.) débonairement. =debonair´ness=, _n._, (ant.) débonnaireté, bonhomie, _f._ =debouch´= (dè-boushe), _v.n._, déboucher. =debou´ching=, _n._, débouchement. =debt= (dète), _n._, dette; obligation; créance, _f.pl._, dettes, _f.pl._; passif, _m.sing._ Bad —; _mauvaise créance_. Floating —; _dette courante_, (fin.) _dette flottante_. Large —; _grosse dette_. National —; _dette publique_. Outstanding —; _créance courante_, _créance à recouvrer_. Passive —; _dette passive_. Privileged —; _créance privilégiée_. — due; _créance exigible_. To admit a —; _reconnaître une dette_. To be in — to any one; _devoir à quelqu’un_, _être le débiteur_ =de=. To contract a —; _contracter une dette_. To discharge a —; _acquitter une dette_. To prove a —; _produire ses titres de créance_. To run, _ou_ get, into —; _faire des dettes_, _s’endetter_. To recover a —; _recouvrer une créance_. Deeply in —; _accablé de dettes_. I am in your —; _je suis votre débiteur_. To pay the — of nature; _payer le tribut de la nature_. Out of — out of danger; _qui ne doit rien n’a rien à craindre_. To get out of some one’s —; _s’acquitter_ =envers=. =debtee´= (dèt’î), _n._, (jur.) créancier, _m._ =deb´tor= (dèt’teur), _n._, débiteur, _m._, débitrice, _f._ — and creditor; _débiteur et créancier_, _m._ — side; _débit_, _doit_, _m._ —s’ prison; _prison pour dettes_, _f._ =dec´ade= (dèk-éde), _n._, dizaine; décade, _f._ =deca´dence= _ou_ =deca´dency= (di-ké-), _n._, décadence, _f._ =dec´agon= (dèk’-), _n._, (geom.) décagone, _m._ =dec´agram= (dèk’-), _n._, décagramme, _m._ =decahe´dron= (dèk’a-hî-), _n._, décaèdre, _m._ =dec´alitre= (-lî-teur), _n._, décalitre, _m._ =dec´alogue= (dèk’a-loghe), _n._, décalogue, _m._ =Decam´eron=, _n._, décaméron, _m._ =decamp´= (di-ca’m’pe), _v.n._, (milit.) lever le camp; (fig.) décamper; déguerpir. =decamp´ment=, _n._, décampement, _m._ =decan´gular= (dèk’a’gn-ghiou-), _adj._, décagone. =decant´= (di-), _v.a._, décanter, transvaser. =decant´er=, _n._, carafe, _f._ Small —; _carafon_, _m._ =decap´itate= (di-), _v.a._, décapiter. =decapita´tion= (-’i-té-), _n._, décapitation, _f._ =dec´astich= (dék’a-stike), _n._, dizain, _m._ =dec´astyle= (dèk’a-staïle), _n._, décastyle, _m._ =decay´= (di-ké), _n._, décadence; ruine, _f._; déclin, délabrement, dépérissement, _m._ To fall into —; _tomber en ruine_, _en décadence_, _se délabrer_. — of bones, teeth; _carie des os_, _des dents_, _f._ =decay´=, _v.n._, tomber en décadence, se délabrer, se perdre; dépérir; se gâter; se carier. =decease´= (di-cîce), _n._, décès, _m._; mort, _f._ =decease´=, _v.n._, décéder; mourir. =deceased´= (di-cîste), _adj._, décédé; mort. =deceased´=, _n._, défunt, _m._, défunte, _f._ =deceit´= (di-cîte), _n._, déception; supercherie, fourberie, tromperie, ruse; (jur.) fraude, _f._; artifice, _m._ =deceit´ful= (-foule), _adj._, trompeur; (of things) décevant. =deceit´fully=, _adv._, frauduleusement. =deceit´fulness=, _n._, caractère trompeur, _m._; fausseté, tromperie, _f._ =deceit´less=, _adj._, sincère. =deceiv´able= (di-cîv’a-b’l), _adj._, facile à tromper; trompeur; illusoire; décevant. =deceive´= (di-cîve), _v.a._, décevoir; tromper. =deceiv´er=, _n._, imposteur, trompeur, _m._, trompeuse, _f._ =Decem´ber= (di-cè’m’beur), _n._, décembre, _m._ =decem´vir= (di-cè’m’veur), _n._, décemvir, _m._ =decem´virate=, _n._, décemvirat, _m._ =de´cency= (dî-cè’n’-), _n._, bienséance; décence, _f._; convenances, _f.pl._ =decen´nial= (di-), _adj._, décennal. =de´cent= (dî-), _adj._, bienséant, décent, honnête, propre, présentable, passable. =de´cently=, _adv._, décemment; convenablement, modérément. =decentraliza´tion=, _n._, décentralisation. =decen´tralize=, _v.a._, décentraliser. =decep´tible= (di-), _adj._, décevable. =decep´tion= (di-), _n._, tromperie, fraude, déception, illusion, _f._ =decep´tive= (di-cèp’-), _adj._, décevant, trompeur, mensonger, déceptif. =decharm´= (di-tshârme), _v.a._, désenchanter; rompre un charme. =decide´= (di-çaïde), _v.a._, décider; décider =de=. =decide´=, _v.n._, décider; se décider; se prononcer =pour=. =deci´ded= (-’ède), _adj._, décidé, prononcé; positif, bien arrêté; ferme, résolu. =deci´dedly=, _adv._, décidément; positivement, certainement, résolument. =deci´der= (di-caïd’eur), _n._, arbitre, juge, _m._ =decid´uous= (di-cid’iou-), _adj._, (bot.) caduque (of leaves), _f._ =dec´igram=, _n._, décigramme, _m._ =dec´ilitre= (dè-ci-lî-teur), _n._, décilitre, _m._ =dec´imal=, _adj._, décimal. =dec´imal=, _n._, décimale, fraction décimale, _f._ =dec´imate=, _v.a._, décimer. =decima´tion= (-mé-), _n._, décimation, _f._ =deci´pher= (di-çaï’-), _v.a._, déchiffrer. =deci´pherable=, _adj._, déchiffrable. =deci´pherer=, _n._, déchiffreur, _m._ =deci´sion= (di-ci-jeune), _n._, décision; résolution; fermeté; (end) issue, _f._ To come to a —; _prendre un parti_. =deci´sive= (di-çaï-cive), _adj._, décisif; tranchant, prononcé. To be — of; _décider_ =de=. =deci´sively=, _adv._, décisivement, d’une manière décisive. =deci´siveness=, _n._, caractère décisif, _m._ =deck= (dèke), _n._, (nav.) pont; (of merchant ships) tillac, _m._ Lower —; _franc tillac_. Quarter-—; _gaillard d’arrière_, _m._ Fore-—; _gaillard d’avant_, _m._ =deck= (dèke), _v.a._, parer =de=; orner; embellir =de=; (nav.) ponter, couvrir d’un pont. =deck´er=, _n._, personne qui pare, _f._; vaisseau ponté, _m._ Three-—; _vaisseau à trois ponts_, _m._ =deck´ing=, _n._, ornement, _m._ =declaim´= (di-cléme), _v.a._ and _n._, déclamer, haranguer. =declai´mer=, _n._, déclamateur, _m._ =declama´tion= (dèk-la-mé-), _n._, déclamation, _f._; discours public, _m._ =declam´atory= (-ma-), _adj._, déclamatoire. =declar´able= (di-clèr-a-b’l’), _adj._, déclarable. =declara´tion= (dèk-la-ré-), _n._, déclaration; proclamation; manifestation, _f._ =declar´ative= (di-clèr-a-), _adj._, explicatif; (jur.) déclaratif. =declar´atorily= (di-clèr-a-), _adv._, par déclaration. =declar´atory= (di-clèr-a-), _adj._, énonciatif; (jur.) déclaratoire; déclaratif. =declare´= (di-clère), _v.a._, déclarer; annoncer; constater, assurer, affirmer, proclamer. To — one’s self guilty; _s’avouer coupable_. =declare´=, _v.n._, se déclarer, se prononcer =pour=. I —! _par exemple!_ _ma parole!_ To — off; _quitter la partie_, _refuser de procéder_; _tirer son épingle du jeu_. =declar´edly= (di-clèr’èd-), _adv._, formellement, ouvertement. =declar´er=, _n._, personne qui annonce, _f._ =declen´sion= (di-clè’n’-), _n._, (gram.) déclinaison; (fig.) décadence, _f._; déclin, _m._; pente, inclinaison, _f._ =decli´nable= (di-claï’n’a-b’l), _adj._, déclinable. =declina´tion= (dèk-li-né-), _n._, déclin, _m._; descente; décadence; (gram., ant.) déclinaison, (astr., phys.) déclinaison, _f._ =declin´atory= (di-cli’n’a-tori), _adj._, (jur.) déclinatoire. =decline´= (di-claïne), _n._, déclin, _m._; décadence; (med.) maladie de langueur, _f._; marasme, _m._ To be in a —; _être atteint de marasme_. =decline´=, _v.a._, pencher, incliner; refuser; éviter; (gram.) décliner. =decline´=, _v.n._, pencher; décliner; (of price) baisser. To — from; _dévier_ =de=. =decliv´ity=, _n._, déclivité, pente, _f._; penchant, _m._ =decliv´ous= (di-claï-), _adj._, en pente; déclive. =decoct´=, _v.a._, faire bouillir. =decoc´tible= (-i-b’l), _adj._, (ant.) qui peut être bouilli. =decoc´tion=, _n._, décoction, _f._ =decol´late=, _v.a._, décoller, décapiter. =decolla´tion= (-lé-), _n._, décollation, _f._ =decolora´tion= (di-keul-eur’é-), _n._, décoloration. =decol´or= (di-keul-eur) _ou_ =decol´orate= (di-keul’eur’éte), _v.a._, décolorer. =decom´plex= (dî-co’m’-), _adj._, composé d’idées complexes. =decompos´able=, _adj._, décomposable. =decompose´= (dî-co’m’poze), _v.a._, décomposer. _v.n._, se décomposer. =decompos´ite=, _adj._, surcomposé. =decomposi´tion= (dî-co’m’po-zish’eune), _n._, décomposition, _f._ =decompound´= (dî-co’m’paou’n’de), _v.a._, (l.u.) décomposer par moyens mécaniques. =dec´orate= (dèk’-), _v.a._, décorer, orner, embellir. =decora´tion= (-ré-), _n._, décoration, _f._; ornement, embellissement, _m._ =dec´orative= (-ré-), _adj._, de décoration, décoratif. =dec´orator= (-ré-teur), _n._, décorateur, _m._ =deco´rous= (di-cô- _ou_ dèk’o-), _adj._, bienséant, convenable, décent. =deco´rously=, _adv._, convenablement; avec bienséance, décemment. =decor´ticate=, _v.a._, décortiquer. =decortica´tion= (-ké-), _n._, décortication, _f._ =deco´rum= (-cô-reume), _n._, bienséance, _f._; décorum, _m._; convenances, _f.pl._ =decoy´= (di-coïe), _v.a._, leurrer, attirer dans un piège, amorcer. =decoy´=, _n._, leurre, piège, (pers.) mouchard, mouton, _m._ — bird; _appeau_, _appeleur_, _m._ — duck; _appelant_, _canard privé_, (fig.) _leurre_, _m._ =decrease´= (di-crîce), _n._, décroissement, _m._; décroissance, diminution, _f._; déclin, _m._; (of water) décrue, _f._; (of the moon) décours; (com.) déchet, _m._ =decrease´=, _v.n._, diminuer; décroître. =decrease´=, _v.a._, faire décroître, diminuer, amoindrir. =decree´= (di-crî), _n._, décret, arrêt, jugement, _m._; ordonnance, _f._ =decree´=, _v.a._, décréter; ordonner; arrêter, décerner. =dec´rement= (dèc’ri-), _n._, décroissement; décours, _m._ =decrep´it= (di-crèp’ite), _adj._, décrépit, cassé, affaibli par l’âge, caduc. =decrep´itate= (di-crèp’-), _v.a._, calciner une substance qui décrépite; faire décrépiter. =decrep´itate= (di-crèp’-), _v.n._, décrépiter, crépiter. =decrepita´tion= (-té-), _n._, décrépitation, crépitation, _f._ =decrep´itness= (di-crèp’-) _ou_ =décrep´itude= (dè-crèp’i-tioude), _n._, décrépitude, vieillesse, _f._ =decres´cent= (di-crès’-), _adj._, décroissant. =decre´tal= (-crî-), _adj._, décretal. =decre´tal=, _n._, décrétale, _f._; recueil de décrétales, _m._ =dec´retory= (dèc’ri-tori), _adj._, décrété; décisif, définitif, péremptoire. =decri´al= (di-craï-), _n._, décri, dénigrement, _m._ =decry´= (di-craïe), _v.a._, décrier. =decum´bent= (di-keu’m’-), _adj._, (bot.) couché, décombant. =dec´uple= (dèk’iou-p’l), _adj._, décuple. =decu´rion= (di-kiou-), _n._, décurion, _m._ =decus´sate= (di-keus’-) _ou_ decus´sated (-tède), _adj._, (bot.) décussé; (conch.) strié en croix. =decussa´tion= (-sé-), _n._, décussation, _f._ =ded´icate= (dèd-), _v.a._, dédier =à=; dévouer =à=; consacrer =à=. =ded´icated=, _adj._, dédié =à=, consacré =à=. =dedica´tion= (-ké-), _n._, dédicace, _f._ =ded´icator= (-ké-teur), _n._, personne qui fait une dédicace, _f._ =ded´icatory= (-ké-tori), _adj._, dédicatoire. =deduce´= (di-diouce), _v.a._, déduire =de=, inférer =de=, conclure =de=, tirer =de=. =deduce´ment=, _n._, déduction, _f._ =dedu´cible= (-ci-b’l), _adj._, qu’on peut déduire. =deduct´= (di-deukte), _v.a._, déduire, rabattre; retrancher, défalquer. =deduc´tion=, _n._, déduction; conséquence; (com.) remise, _f._ =deduc´tive=, _adj._, conséquent, déductif. — reasoning; _raisonnement par déduction_, _m._ =deduc´tively=, _adv._, par déduction. =deed= (dîde), _n._, action, _f._; acte; fait; exploit; (com.) titre, contrat, _m._ Private —; _acte sous seing privé_, _m._ =deed´less=, _adj._, inactif; obscur. =deem= (dîme), _v.a._, juger; penser, croire, estimer; prendre =pour=; considérer _ou_ regarder comme. To — it a favour; _l’estimer une faveur_. To — it right; _juger convenable_ =de=; _croire devoir_. To — it prudent; _penser qu’il est prudent_ =de=. To be —ed; _être réputé_, _passer_ =pour=. =deep= (dîpe), _n._, mer, _f._; océan; abîme, _m._; profondeur, _f._ — sea lead; (nav.) _grande sonde_, _f._ =deep= (dîpe), _adj._, profond; (fig.) grand, extrême; (of color) foncé; (at play) gros; (of sound) grave; (of mourning) grand; (b.s.) rusé, fin. This well is thirty feet —; _ce puits a trente pieds de profondeur_, ou _est profond de trente pieds_, ou _a une profondeur de trente pieds_. — mourning; _grand deuil_, _m._ Two, three —; (mil.) _sur deux_, _sur trois rangs_. To go — into; _traiter_ =à= _fond_. — in debt; _accablé de dettes_. To be eight feet —; _avoir huit pieds de profondeur_. =deep´en= (dîp’p’n), _v.a._, approfondir; assombrir; (color) rendre plus foncé; (sound) rendre plus grave. =deep´en=, _v.n._, devenir plus profond, plus foncé. =deep´drawn=, _adj._, long, profond. =deep´-fetched= (-fètsh’te), _adj._, profond, tiré par les cheveux. =deep´-laid=, _adj._, infernal; ténébreux, secret. =deep´ly=, _adv._, profondément; vivement; extrêmement; (of color) fortement; (of sound) gravement; (b.s.) avec ruse. =deep´ness=, _n._, profondeur; (b.s.) ruse, _f._ _V._ =depth=. =deep´-read=, _adj._, érudit. =deep´-rooted=, _adj._, enraciné, invétéré. =deep´-sea line=, _n._, grande sonde, _f._ =deep´-seated=, _adj._, profond, enraciné. =deep´toned=, _adj._, aux tons graves, _m.pl._ =deep´waisted=, _adj._, (of a ship) haut-encastillé. =deer= (dîre), _n._, daim, _m._, daine, _f._; bête fauve, _f._; cerf, _m._ Fallow —; _daim_. Red —; _cerf commun_. — hound; _limier_, _m._ =deer´-stalker= (-stōk’-), _n._, chasseur à l’affût (de bêtes fauves). =deer´-stalking=, _n._, chasse à l’affût. =deface´= (di-), _v.a._, défigurer; effacer; dégrader, détériorer. =deface´ment=, _n._, dégradation; détérioration; action d’effacer, _f._ =defa´cer=, _n._, destructeur, -trice, _m.f._ =defal´cate= (di-), _v.a._, défalquer; retrancher, détourner. =defalca´tion= (dî-fal-ké-), _n._, défalcation, diminution, déduction, _f._; (com.) détournement de fonds, déficit, _m._ =defama´tion= (dèf-a-mé-), _n._, diffamation, _f._ =defama´tory= (-tori), _adj._, diffamatoire, diffamant. =defame´= (di-), _v.a._, diffamer. =defa´mer=, _n._, diffamateur, _m._ =default´= (di-fōlte), _n._, défaut, manque, _m._; (jur.) contumace, _f._ In — of; _à défaut_ =de=. To suffer —; (jur.) _faire défaut_. By —; _par contumace_, _par défaut_. =default´=, _v.n._, (jur.) faire défaut, ne pas comparaître. =default´er= (-fōlt’-), _n._, délinquant, _m._, délinquante, _f._; (jur.) défaillant, _m._, défaillante, _f._; contumace, _m.f._; personne qui ne remplit pas ses engagements, _f._; (of recruits) conscrit réfractaire; (private money) auteur d’un détournement de fonds; (of public moneys) concussionnaire, _m._ =defea´sance= (di-fî-za’n’ce), _n._, (jur.) abrogation; contre-lettre, _f._ =defea´sible= (di-fîz’i-b’l), _adj._, annulable. =defeat´= (di-fîte), _n._, défaite; déroute, _f._, échec, insuccès, _m._ =defeat´=, _v.a._, défaire, mettre en déroute, vaincre; faire échouer; (fig.) annuler, repousser, déjouer, frustrer; (evade) échapper =à=, éluder. =def´ecate= (dèf’i-kéte), _v.a._, déféquer. =defeca´tion=, _n._, défécation, _f._ =defect´= (di-fècte), _n._, défaut, _m._; défectuosité, imperfection, _f._, (jur.) vice, _m._ =defec´tion= (di-fèk-), _n._, défection; apostasie; révolte, _f._ =defec´tive= (di-fèc-), _adj._, défectueux, défectif; en défaut, fautif; (jur.) vicieux; (gram.) défectif. =defec´tively=, _adv._, défectueusement. =defec´tiveness=, _n._, (jur.) état vicieux, _m._; défectuosité, _f._ =defend´= (di-), _v.a._, défendre, protéger, préserver. =defend´able= (-a-b’l), _adj._, qui peut se justifier; tenable. =defend´ant=, _n._, défendeur, _m._, défenderesse, _f._; intimé, _m._, intimée, _f._ =defend´er=, _n._, défenseur, _m._ =defense´= (di-), _n._, défense, protection, _f._ =defense´less=, _adj._, sans défense. =defen´sible= (-si-b’l), _adj._, défendable; soutenable; justifiable; excusable. =defen´sive=, _adj._, défensif. =defen´sive=, _n._, défensive, _f._ On the —; _sur la défensive_. =defen´sively=, _adv._, pour la défense. =defer´= (di-feur), _v.a._, différer, remettre, renvoyer; ajourner. =defer´= (di-feur), _v.n._, différer; (submit) déférer =à=. To — to any one; _déférer_ =à= _quelqu’un_; _s’en rapporter_ =à= _quelqu’un_. =def´erence= (dèf’eur-), _n._, déférence, _f._ Out of — to; _par déférence_ =pour=. =def´erent= (dèf’eur-), _adj._, qui transporte; conducteur. =def´erent=, _n._, véhicule; moyen de transport; (anat.) canal, _m._ =deferen´tial= (dèf’i-rè’n’shal), _adj._, de déférence, déférentiel; respectueux. =deferen´tially=, _adv._, avec déférence, avec respect. =defi´ance= (di-faï’-), _n._, défi, _m._ To set at —; _défier_, _braver_. In — of; _au mépris_ =de=, _en dépit_ =de=. =defi´cience= _ou_ =defi´ciency= (dè-fish’-), _n._, manque, défaut, _m._; insuffisance, imperfection, faiblesse, _f._; déficit, _m._ =defi´cient= (di-fish’-), _adj._, défectueux; insuffisant, faible, peu avancé, imparfait. To be — in; _être faible_ =en=; _manquer_ =de=; _ne pas avoir_; _être dépourvu_ =de=. He is — in those qualities; _ces qualités lui manquent_. =def´icit= (dèf-), _n._, déficit, _m._ =defi´er= (di-faï-), _n._, qui défie, qui brave, provocateur. =defile´= (di-faïl), _n._, défilé, _m._ =defile´= (di-faïl), _v.a._, souiller; déshonorer, corrompre, débaucher; violer. =defile´=, _v.n._, (mil.) défiler. =defile´ment= (di-faïl-), _n._, action de souiller; souillure, _f._; (fort.) défilement, _m._ =defi´ler=, _n._, corrupteur, _m._, corruptrice, _f._; ravisseur, _m._ =defi´nable= (di-faï’n’-), _adj._, définissable. =define´= (di-faïne), _v.a._, définir; déterminer; limiter; accentuer, marquer. =defi´ner=, _n._, qui définit, _f._ =def´inite= (dèf’i-nite), _adj._, défini; déterminé. =def´inite=, _n._, défini, _m._ =def´initely=, _adv._, d’une manière déterminée. =def´initeness=, _n._, caractère déterminé, _m._ =defini´tion= (dèf’i-nish’eune), _n._, définition, _f._ =defin´itive= (di-fi’n’i-tive), _adj._, définitif. =defin´itive=, _n._, (gram.) déterminatif, _m._ =defin´itively=, _adv._, définitivement, en définitive. =defin´itiveness=, _n._, caractère définitif, _m._ =deflagrabil´ity= (di-flé-gra-), combustibilité, _f._ =defla´grable= _ou_ =def´la-= (di-fié-gra-b’l _ou_ dèf’la-), _adj._, combustible. =def´lagrate= (dèf-la-), _v.a._, (chem.) faire brûler avec flamme. _v.n._, brûler avec flamme. =deflagra´tion= (-gré-), _n._, déflagration, _f._ =deflect´= (di-flècte), _v.a._, faire dévier. _v.n._, dévier; (of the needle) décliner. =deflec´tion=, _n._, déviation, déclinaison, _f._ =deflora´tion= (dèf’lo-ré-), _n._, défloration. =deflour´= _ou_ =deflower´= (di-flaoueur), _v.a._, déflorer; déshonorer; (fig.) flétrir. =deflour´er= _ou_ =deflower´er=, _n._, celui qui déflore, ravisseur, _m._ =deflux´ion= (di-fleuk’sheune), _n._, (med.) écoulement, _m._ =deforce´= (di-fôrce), _v.a._, (jur.) détenir, déposséder. =deforce´ment=, _n._, (jur.) détention, usurpation, _f._ =defor´ciant= (di-fôr-shi-), _n._, (jur.) détenteur, _m._ =deform´=, _v.a._, déformer, défigurer, enlaidir. =deforma´tion= (di-form’é-), _n._, déformation, _f._; défigurement, _m._ =deformed´=, _adj._, difforme, contrefait. =deform´edly= (di-form’èd’-), _adv._, d’une manière difforme. =deform´ity=, _n._, difformité, laideur, _f._ =defraud´= (di-frōde), _v.a._, frauder, frustrer, tromper; priver =de=, dépouiller =de=. =defraud´er=, _n._, fraudeur, _m._, fraudeuse, _f._ =defray´= (di-fré), _v.a._, défrayer; payer; (to make up for) couvrir. =defray´er= (di-fré-eur), _n._, qui défraye, amphitryon, _m._ =defray´ment= _ou_ =defray´ing=, _n._, défrayement, _m._ =deft= (dèf’te), _adj._, adroit, habile; leste, accort, convenable. =deft´ly=, _adv._, adroitement, lestement. =deft´ness=, _n._, gentillesse, adresse, habileté, _f._ =defunct´= (di-feu’gn’cte), _adj._, défunt, trépassé, décédé. =defunct´=, _n._, défunt, _m._, défunte, _f._ =defy´= (di-faïe), _v.a._, défier, braver; narguer. =defy´er=, _n._ _V._ =defier=. =degen´eracy= (di-djè’n’èr’-), _n._, dégénération, _f._; abâtardissement, _m._ =degen´erate= (di-djè’n’èr’-), _adj._, dégénéré, abâtardi. =degen´erate=, _v.n._, dégénérer, s’abâtardir. =degen´erately=, _adv._, avec dégénération. =degen´erateness= _ou_ =degenera´tion=, _n._, dégénération, _f._; abâtardissement, _m._ =degen´erous=, _adj._, dégénéré; bas, vil, misérable; indigne. =deglu´tinate= (di-gliou’-), _v.a._, décoller, dégluer. =degluti´tion= (dèg-liou-tish’eune), _n._, déglutition, _f._ =degrada´tion= (dèg-ra-dé-), _n._, dégradation, _f._; avilissement, _m._ =degrade´= (di-), _v.a._, dégrader; avilir. =degra´ded= (-ède), _adj._, dégradé. =degra´ding=, _adj._, dégradant. =degra´dingly=, _adv._, d’une manière dégradante, _ou_ avilissante. =degree´= (di-grî), _n._, degré; rang, ordre, _m._; qualité, condition, _f._ University —; _grade universitaire_, _m._ To a certain —; _jusqu’à un certain point_. By —s, _peu à peu_, _graduellement_. To a —; _à l’extrême_, _au possible_. =degusta´tion= (di-gheus-té-), _n._, (ant.) dégustation, _f._ =dehisce´= (di-hice), _v.n._, (bot.) s’ouvrir; être déhiscent. =dehis´cence=, _n._, (bot.) déhiscence, _f._ =dehis´cent=, _adj._, (bot.) déhiscent. =de´icide= (dî-i-çaïde), _n._, déicide, _m._ =deifica´tion= (dî-i-fi-ké-), _n._, déification, _f._ =de´iform= (dî-i-), _adj._, divin. =de´ify= (dî-i-faïe), _v.a._, déifier, diviniser. =deign= (déne), _v.n._, daigner, _v.a._, accorder, daigner accorder. =de´ism= (dî-iz’m), _n._, déisme, _m._ =de´ist= (dî-iste), _n._, déiste, _m._ =de´ity= (dî-i-), _n._, divinité; (myth.) déité, _f._ =deject´=, _v.a._, abaisser; abattre; affliger. =deject´ed=, _adj._, abattu, triste. =deject´edly=, _adv._, dans l’abattement; tristement, d’un air triste. =deject´edness=, _n._, abattement, _m._ =dejec´tion=, _n._, abattement, _m._; (med.) défécation, déjection, _f._ =dejec´ture= (-’ioure), _n._ _sing._, (med.) évacuations alvines, _f.pl._ =delay´= (di-lé), _n._, délai, retardement, retard, _m._ =delay´=, _v.a._, différer, remettre, retarder, arrêter. _v.n._, tarder, s’arrêter. All is not lost that is —ed; _ce qui est différé n’est pas perdu_. =delay´er= (di-lé-eur), _n._, temporiseur, _m._ =de´le= (dî-li), _v.a._, (print.) deleatur, _m._ =delect´able= (di-lèc-ta-b’l), _adj._, délectable. =delect´ableness=, _n._, délectation, _f._, caractère délectable, _m._ =delect´ably=, _adv._, délectablement, d’une manière délectable. =delecta´tion= (-té-), _n._, délectation, _f._ =del´egacy=, _n._, délégation, _f._ =del´egate= (dèl’î-), _adj._, délégué. =del´egate= (dèl’î-), _n._, délégué, _m._ =del´egate= (dèl’î-), _v.a._, déléguer. =delega´tion= (dèl-i-ghé-), _n._, délégation, _f._ =del´egator=, _n._, (jur.) délégant, délégateur, _m._, délégatrice, _f._ =delete´=, _v.a._, effacer, rayer, biffer. =delete´rious= (dèl-i-tî-), _adj._, délétère, nuisible. =dele´tion= (di-lî-), _n._, rature, _f._; grattage, _m._ =del´etory= (dèl-i-tori), _n._, chose qui efface, _f._ =delf=, =delft=, _ou_ =delft´-ware= (-wère), _n._, faïence de Delft, _f._ =delib´erate= (di-lib’eur’-), _adj._, délibéré; mûri, réfléchi, avisé. =delib´erate=, _v.n._, délibérer. To — upon; _délibérer_ =sur=. =delib´erately=, _adv._, mûrement; de propos délibéré; à dessein. =delib´erateness=, _n._, délibération, réflexion; circonspection, prudence, _f._ =delibera´tion= (-eur’é-), _n._, délibération, _f._ =delib´erative= (-eur-a-), _adj._, délibérant; délibératif. =delib´eratively=, _adv._, par délibération. =del´icacy= (dèl-i-), _n._, délicatesse, _f._, (dainty) friandise, _f._ =del´icate= (dèl-i-), _adj._, délicat. =del´icately=, _adv._, délicatement. =del´icateness=, _n._, délicatesse, _f._ =deli´cious= (di-lish’eusse), _adj._, délicieux. =deli´ciously=, _adv._, délicieusement. =deli´ciousness=, _n._, délices, _f.pl._, excellence, volupté, _f._; charme, _m._ =delight´= (di-lâïte), _n._, délices, _f.pl._, délice; plaisir, _m._ =delight´=, _v.a._, plaire =à=; faire les délices =de=, enchanter; ravir, charmer. =delight´=, _v.n._ To — in; _faire ses délices_ =de=; _se plaire_ =à=; _prendre plaisir_ =à=; _goûter_; _se faire un plaisir_ =de=; _trouver son bonheur_ =à= ou =dans=. To be —ed to; _être enchanté_ =de=. =delight´ful= (-foule), _adj._, délicieux, charmant, ravissant. =delight´fully=, _adv._, délicieusement, à ravir. =delight´fulness=, _n._, charme, _m._; délices, _f.pl._ =delight´less=, _adj._, sans charme. =delight´some= (-seume), _adj._, agréable, délicieux. =delight´somely=, _adv._, agréablement. =delight´someness=, _n._, agrément, _m._ =delin´eament= (di-li’n’i-), _n._, délinéation, _f._ =delin´eate= (di-li’n’i-), _v.a._, faire la délinéation =de=; esquisser, dessiner, tracer; (fig.) décrire; peindre. =delinea´tion= (di-li’n’i-é-), _n._, délinéation; esquisse; (fig.) peinture, description, _f._ =delin´eator= (di-li’n’i-é-teur), _n._, dessinateur; peintre, _m._ =delin´quency= (di-li’gn’kwè’n’-), _n._, délit, _m._; faute, _f._ =delin´quent= (di-li’gn’kwè’n’te), _n._, délinquant, _m._; délinquante, _f._ =del´iquate= (dèl-i-kwéte) _ou_ =deliq´uiate= (di-lik-kwi-éte), _v.a._ and _n._, liquéfier; se liquéfier. =deliqua´tion= (dèl-i-kwé-), _n._, (ant.) déliquescence, _f._ =deliquesce´= (dè-li-kwèce), _v.n._, tomber en déliquescence. =deliques´cence=, _n._, déliquescence, _f._ =deliques´cent=, _adj._, déliquescent. =deliq´uium= (di-lik’wi-eume), _n._, (chem.) deliquium, _m._; (med.) syncope, _f._ =delir´ious= (di-), _adj._, délirant, en délire; dans le délire; de délire. To be —; _avoir le délire_, _délirer_. To become —; _tomber dans le délire_. =delir´iousness=, _n._, délire, _m._ =delir´ium= (di-lir-i-eume), _n._, délire, transport de joie, _m._ — tremens; _delirium tremens_, _m._ =deliv´er= (di-), _v.a._, délivrer; sauver; (letters) distribuer; (a letter, a parcel) remettre; (goods, a place) livrer; (a speech) prononcer; (a woman) délivrer, accoucher. To — from; _délivrer_ =de=; _sauver_ =de=. To — in; _délivrer_; _donner_. To — up; _livrer_; _remettre_; _rendre_. To — one’s self up to; _se livrer_ =à=. To — a message to; _remettre un message_ =à=. To — one’s self over to; _se rendre_, _s’abandonner_ =à=. =deliv´erable=, _adj._, (com.) livrable. =deli´verance=, _n._, délivrance, _f._; acquittement par un jury; (of a woman) accouchement, _m._, délivrance, _f._ =deliv´erer=, _n._, libérateur, _m._, libératrice, _f._; sauveur, _m._, (of circulars) distributeur, _m._; (com.) livrancier, livreur, _m._ =deliv´ery=, _n._, délivrance, remise, _f._; (of speech) débit, _m._, diction; (com.) livraison; (of letters) distribution, _f._; (of a woman) accouchement, _m._, délivrance, _f._ Payment on —; (com.) _payement contre livraison_, _m._ =dell=, _n._, creux; vallon, _m._ =del´phine=, _adj._, du Dauphin (de France). =delu´dable= (di-lioud’a-b’l), _adj._, facile à tromper. =delude´= (di-lioude), _v.a._, tromper, abuser. To — one’s self; _se faire illusion_, _s’abuser_. =delu´der=, _n._, trompeur, séducteur, imposteur, _m._ =del´uge= (dèl’lioudje), _n._, déluge, _m._ =del´uge=, _v.a._, inonder =de=. =delu´sion= (di-liou-jeune), _n._, illusion, déception, _f._ =delu´sive= (di-liou-cive) _ou_ =delu´sory= (-ço-), _adj._, illusoire, trompeur. =delu´siveness=, _n._, caractère illusoire, _m._, nature trompeuse, _f._ =delve= (dèlve), _v.a._, creuser; fouir, bêcher; (fig.) sonder, pénétrer. =dem´agogue=, _n._, démagogue, _m._ =demain´= (di-méne) _ou_ =demesne´= (di-mîne), _n._, domaine, _m._; propriété, _f._; bien-fonds, _m._ =demand´= (di-mâ’n’de), _n._, demande, réclamation, requête, _f._; appel, (outlet) débouché, débit, _m._; (fig.) recherche, _f._ In great —; _très demandé_, _très recherché_. In little —; _peu demandé_. On —; (com.) _à présentation_. In full of all —s; _pour solde de tout compte_. =demand´=, _v.a._, demander; réclamer; exiger, requérir. =demand´able= (-’a-b’l), _adj._, exigible. =demand´ant=, _n._, (jur.) demandeur, _m._, demanderesse, _f._ =demand´er=, _n._, demandeur, personne qui demande, _f._ =demarca´tion= (dî-mar-ké-), _n._, démarcation, _f._ =demean´= (di-mîne), _v.a._, abaisser, avilir, dégrader; conduire; traiter. To — one’s self; _s’abaisser_ =jusqu’à=, _s’avilir_, _se dégrader_, _se ravaler_; _se comporter_, _se conduire_. =demea´nor= (di-mî’n’eur), _n._, conduite, _f._; maintien, _m._; tenue, allure, _f._ =demen´tate=, _adj._, fou, en démence. =demen´tate=, _v.a._, rendre fou, aliéner. =demen´ted=, _adj._, fou, insensé. =demer´it=, _n._, démérite, _m._ =demer´it=, _v.a._, (ant.) démériter. =demerito´rious=, _adj._, déméritoire. =dem´i= (dèm’i), _adj._, demi, à demi. =dem´i-deify= (-dî-i-faïe), _v.a._, déifier à demi. =dem´i-devil= (-dèv’l), _n._, demi-démon, _m._ =dem´i-ditone= (-daï-tône), _n._, (mus.) tierce mineure; petite tierce, _f._ =dem´i-god=, _n._, demi-dieu, _m._ =dem´i-john= (-djone), _n._, dame-jeanne, _f._ =dem´i-lance=, _n._, demi-pique, _f._ =dem´i-lune= (-lioune), _n._, (fort.) demi-lune, _f._ =dem´i-quaver= (-kwé-), _n._, (mus.) double croche, _f._ =dem´i-rep= (-rèpe), _n._, (ant.) demi-vertu, _f._ =demi´sable= (di-maïz’a-b’l), _adj._, (jur.) qui peut être affermé; affermable. =demise´= (dî-maïze), _n._, décès, _m._; mort; (jur.) translation, _ou_ transmission, de propriété, _f._ =demise´=, _v.a._, affermer, donner à ferme _ou_ à bail, louer; léguer; (jur.) faire transport =de=. =demi-sem´i-quaver=, _n._, triple croche, _f._ =demis´ing=, _n._, affermage, _m._ =demis´sion= (dî-mish’eune), _n._, relâchement, _m._; dégradation, démission, _f._ =dem´i-tone= (-tône), _n._, demi-ton, _m._ =dem´i-wolf= (-woulfe), _n._, chien métis _ou_ chien-loup, _m._ =demobiliza´tion=, _n._, démobilisation, _f._ =demob´ilize=, _v.a._, démobiliser. =democ´racy=, _n._, démocratie, _f._ =dem´ocrat=, _n._, démocrate, _m._ =democrat´ic= _ou_ =democrat´ical=, _adj._, démocratique. =democrat´ically=, _adv._, démocratiquement. =demol´ish= (di-), _v.a._, démolir. =demol´isher=, _n._, démolisseur. =demoli´tion= (-lish’eune), _n._, démolition, _f._ =de´mon= (dî-), _n._, démon, diable, _m._ =demo´niac=, _n._, démoniaque, _m.f._ =demo´niac= (-mô-) _ou_ =demoniacal= (dèm’o-naï’a-), _adj._, démoniaque. =demo´nian= (-mô-), _adj._, démoniaque. =demonol´ogy= (-dji), _n._, démonographie, _f._ =demon´strable= (di-mo’n’stra-b’l), _adj._, démontrable. =demon´strably=, _adv._, par la démonstration; démonstrativement. =dem´onstrate=, _v.a._, démontrer. =demonstra´tion= (-stré-), _n._, démonstration, _f._ =demon´strative= (-stra-), _adj._, démonstratif; qui montre clairement. =demon´stratively=, _adv._, démonstrativement. =dem´onstrator= (-stra-teur _ou_ -stré-), _n._, démonstrateur, _m._ =demon´stratory=, _adj._, qui tend à démontrer. =demoraliza´tion= (di-mor-al-i-zé-), _n._, démoralisation, _f._ =demor´alize= (-aïze), _v.a._, démoraliser. =demul´cent= (di-meul-), _adj._, adoucissant, émollient. =demur´= (di-meur), _n._, hésitation, objection, incertitude; difficulté, _f._; doute, _m._ =demur´=, _v.n._, hésiter; balancer; temporiser; (jur.) opposer une exception péremptoire. To — to; _objecter_, _faire objection_ =à=, _s’opposer_ =à=; _se refuser_ =à=; _ne pas admettre_. =demure´= (di-mioure), _adj._, réservé, posé, grave, modeste; (b.s.) prude, d’une modestie affectée. =demure´ly=, _adv._, gravement, modestement; (b.s.) avec une modestie affectée. =demure´ness=, _n._, gravité, modestie; (b.s.) pruderie, modestie affectée, _f._ =demur´rage= (di-meur’rédge), _n._, (com. nav.) indemnité pour détention de marchandises, pour surestarie, _f._ =demur´rer= (di-meur-’), _n._, personne qui hésite, qui balance, _f._; temporiseur, _m._; (jur.) exception péremptoire, _f._ =demy´= (di-maïe), _n._, (of paper) coquille, _f._, papier carré, _m._; (of a book) petit format; (at Oxford) boursier, _m._ =demy´ship=, _n._, bourse, _f._ =den= (dène), _n._, antre, repaire, _m._; tanière (menageries); loge, _f._; bouge, taudis, _m._ =den´ary= (dè’n’-), _adj._, décimal; (l.u.) dénaire. =dena´tionalize= (di-nash’eu’n’al-aïze), _v.a._, dénationaliser. =den´droid= (dè’n’droïd), _adj._, (bot.) dendroïde, arborescent. =deni´able= (di-naï-a-b’l), _adj._, niable. =deni´al= (di-naï-al), refus, déni, _m._, _f._; dénégation, _f._; (of St. Peter) reniement, renîment, _m._ Flat —; _démenti_; _refus net_, _m._; _dénégation formelle_, _f._ =deni´er= (di-naï’eur), _n._, personne qui nie, _f._ =den´igrate= (dè’n’i-), _v.a._, noircir; calommier; dénigrer. =denigra´tion= (-’gré-), _n._, dénigrement, _m._; calomnie, médisance, _f._ =deniza´tion= (dè’n’i-zé-), _n._, petite naturalisation, _f._; droit de cité, _m._ =den´izen= (dè’n’i-z’n) _ou_ =den´ison= (dé’n’i-z’n), _n._, (English jur.) étranger qui a obtenu les petites lettres de naturalisation en Angleterre; citoyen, habitant, _m._ =den´izen=, _v.a._, donner droit de cité =à=. =denom´inate= (di-), _v.a._, nommer, appeler; désigner sous le nom =de=. =denomina´tion= (-né-), _n._, dénomination, _f._; nom, _m._ =denom´inative=, _adj._, dénominatif. =denom´inator= (-né-teur), _n._, dénominateur, _m._ =denota´tion= (dî’n’o-té-), _n._, dénotation, _f._ =denote´= (di-nôte), _v.a._, dénoter, marquer, montrer, indiquer, démontrer. =denounce´= (di-naou’n’ce), _v.a._, dénoncer; déclarer. =denounce´ment=, _n._, dénonciation, déclaration, _f._ =denoun´cer=, _n._, dénonciateur, _m._, dénonciatrice, _f._ =dense= (dè’n’se), _adj._, dense; épais, compact. =densely=, _adv._, en masse; à l’excès, par une foule compacte. =den´sity=, _n._, densité, épaisseur, _f._ =dent= (dè’n’te), _n._, creux, _m._, coche, bosse, entaille, _f._ =dent=, _v.a._, denteler, bossuer; faire une coche, des coches, une entaille; marquer. =dent´al= (dè’n’-), _adj._, dentaire, dental, des dents; (gram.) dental. =dent´al=, _n._, (gram.) dentale, _f._; (conch.) dentale, _m._ — surgeon; _chirurgien dentiste_, _m._ =den´tate= (dè’n’-) _ou_ =den´tated= (-’ède), _adj._, (bot.) denté, dentelé. =den´ticle= (dè’n’-ti-k’l), _n._, (arch.) denticules, _m.pl._ =dentic´ulate= (dè’n’tik’iou-) _ou_ =dentic´ulated= (-ède), _adj._, (arch.) dentelé; (bot.) denticulé. =denticula´tion=, _n._, dentelure, _f._ =den´tifrice=, _n._, dentifrice, _m._ =den´til= (dè’n’-) _ou_ =den´tel= (dè’n’-), _n._, (arch.) modillon, _m._ =den´tist=, _n._, dentiste, _m._ =den´tistry=, _n._, art du dentiste, _m._; dentisterie, _f._ =denti´tion=, _n._, dentition, _f._ =denu´date= (di-niou-) _ou_ =denude´= (di-nioude), _v.a._, dénuder, dénuer, dépouiller, dégarnir. =denuda´tion= (-dé-), _n._, dénudation, _f._ =denuncia´tion= (di-neu’n’shi-), _n._, dénonciation, _f._ =denun´ciator= (-é-teur), _n._, dénonciateur, _m._, dénonciatrice, _f._ =deny´= (di-naïe), _v.a._, nier, démentir, (jur.) dénier; renier; refuser; rejeter; renoncer =à=. — one’s self; _faire abnégation_ =de= _soi-même_; _faire dire qu’on n’est pas chez soi_, _faire défendre sa porte_ =à=; _se refuser quelque chose_. To — anything to any one; _refuser quelque chose_ =à= _quelqu’un_. Not to be denied; _incontestable_. He is not to be denied; _il le veut à tout prix_; _rien ne peut le retenir_, _le repousser_, _l’arrêter_. =deobstruct´= (dî-ob-streucte), _v.a._, dégager, débarrasser, nettoyer; désobstruer. =deob´struent= (di-ob-strou’-), _adj._, désobstruant, désobstructif. =deodoriza´tion=, _n._, désinfection, _f._ =deo´dorize=, _v.a._, désinfecter. =deo´dorizer=, _n._, désinfectant, désinfecteur. =deo´dorizing=, _adj._, désinfectant, désinfecteur; _n._, désinfection. =deop´pilate= (di-), _v.a._, désopiler, désobstruer. =deox´idate= (di-), _v.a._, désoxyder. =deoxidiza´tion= (-’aïzé-), _n._, désoxydation, _f._ =deox´idize= (-daïze), _v.a._, désoxyder. =deox´ygenate= (di-oks’i-djè’n’-), _v.a._, désoxygéner. =deoxygena´tion=, _n._, désoxygénation, _f._ =depart´=, _v.n._, partir; sortir; s’éloigner; (fig.) se départir =de=, se désister =de=, renoncer =à=; s’évanouir; mourir. To — from; _s’écarter_ =de=. =depart´=, _v.a._, quitter. To — this life; _mourir_; _quitter ce monde_. =depart´ment=, _n._, département, service, _m._; partie, _f._; rayon, _m._ Manager of a —; (com.) _chef de service_; _chef de rayon_, _m._ Intelligence —; _service des renseignements_, _m._ =depart´ure= (-ioure), _n._, départ; éloignement; désistement, écart, _m._; déviation, séparation, mort, _f._; trépas, _m._ =depend´= (di-), _v.n._, pendre; dépendre =de=; reposer =sur=; demeurer dans la dépendance =de=. To — on; _dépendre_ =de=, _se fier_ =à=, _compter_ =sur=, _se reposer_ =sur=. — upon it; _soyez en sûr_, _comptez y bien_, _comptez là-dessus_, _croyez le bien_. =depend´able= (-’a-b’l), _adj._, sur lequel on peut compter. =depend´ance=, _n._ _V._ =dependence=. =depend´ant= _ou_ =depend´ent=, _adj._, dépendant; pendant, qui pend. =depend´ant= _ou_ =depend´ent=, _n._, personne dépendante, _f._; subordonné, _m._ To be — on; _dépendre_ =de=. =depend´antly= _ou_ =depend´ently=, _adv._, dépendamment. =depend´ence= _ou_ =depend´ency=, _n._, dépendance; confiance, _f._ Foreign —; _possession à l’étranger_, _colonie_, _f._ No — can be placed on what he says; _il est impossible de se fier à ce qu’il dit_; _on ne saurait compter sur lui_. =depend´er=, _n._, personne dépendante, _f._ =dephlegm´= (di-flème), _v.a._, (ant.) déflegmer. =dephlegma´tion= (dî-flè’m’é-), _n._, déflegmation, _f._ =depict´= (di-), _v.a._, peindre, dépeindre, décrire. =dep´ilate= (dèp’-), _v.a._, (med.) épiler. =depila´tion= (-lé-), (med.) _n._, épilation, dépilation, _f._ =depil´atory= (-tori), _adj._, dépilatif; dépilatoire, épilatoire. =depil´atory=, _n._, dépilatoire, _m._ =deplor´able= (di-plô-ra-b’l), _adj._, déplorable, pitoyable. =deplor´ableness=, _n._, état déplorable, _m._ =deplor´ably=, _adv._, déplorablement; pitoyablement. =deplore´= (di-plôre), _v.a._, déplorer, lamenter. =deplor´er=, _n._, personne qui déplore, _f._ =deploy´= (di-ploïe), _v.a._, (milit.) déployer. _v.n._, (milit.) se déployer. In —ing distance; _à intervalle de déploiement_. =deploy´ing= _ou_ =deploy´ment=, _n._, déploiement. =depluma´tion= (di-plou-mé-), _n._, action de plumer, _f._ =deplume´= (di-ploume), _v.a._, plumer, déplumer. =depon´ent= (di-pô-), _n._, (jur.) déposant; (gram.) déponent, _m._ =depop´ulate= (di-pop’iou-), _v.a._, dépeupler. =depop´ulate=, _v.n._, (ant.) se dépeupler. =depopula´tion= (-lé-), _n._, dépeuplement, _m._; dépopulation, _f._ =depop´ulator= (-teur), _n._, personne qui dépeuple, destructeur, _m._ =deport´=, _v.a._, déporter. To — one’s self; _se comporter_; _se conduire_. =deporta´tion= (dî-por-té-), _n._, déportation, _f._ =deport´ment= (di-pôrt’-), _n._, maintien, air, _m._; tenue; conduite, _f._, maniéres, _f.pl._ =depos´al= (di-pô-zal), _n._, déposition, destitution, _f._ =depose´= (di-pôze), _v.a._ and _n._, déposer (from) =de=. To — to a fact; _déposer_ =sur= ou =de=. =depos´er=, _n._, qui dépose, qui prive d’une dignité, _f._ =depos´it= (di-poz’ite), _n._, dépôt, versement, _m._; arrhes, _f.pl._ To leave a —; _déposer des arrhes_. — account; _compte de dépôt_, _m._ =depos´it=, _v.a._, déposer, mettre bas. =depos´itary= (di-poz’-), _n._, dépositaire, _m._ =deposi´tion= (dèp’o-zish’eune), _n._, déposition, _f._; dépôt, _m._ =depos´itor= (-’eur), _n._, (at a bank) déposant, _m._, déposante, _f._; (com.) dépositeur, _m._, dépositrice, _f._ =depos´itory= (-tori), _n._, dépôt, (pers.) dépositaire; (book) répertoire, _m._ =de´pot= (dé-pô), _n._, dépôt, _m._ =deprava´tion= (dèp-ré-vé-), _n._, dépravation, _f._ =deprave´= (di-), _v.a._, dépraver, corrompre. =depraved´= (d-prév’de), _adj._, dépravé, corrompu. To become —; _se dépraver_, _se corrompre_. =deprav´edly= (-’èd’-), _adv._, d’une manière dépravée. =déprav´edness= (-’èd’-), _n._, corruption, dépravation, _f._ =deprave´ment=, _n._, (ant.) dépravation, _f._ =depra´ver=, _n._, corrupteur, _m._; corruptrice, _f._ =deprav´ity= (di-prav’-), _n._, dépravation, _f._ =dep´recate= (dèp’ri-kéte), _v.a._, détourner par la prière; conjurer; repousser, désapprouver; regretter; s’opposer =à=. I strongly — his interfering; _je m’oppose fortement à ce qu’il intervienne_. =dep´recatingly=, _adv._, en suppliant, en s’excusant. =depreca´tion=, _n._, déprécation, supplication, excuse _f._ =dep´recative= _ou_ =dep´recatory= (-tori), _adj._, de déprécation, de supplication, suppliant, d’excuse. =depre´ciate= (di-prî-shi-), _v.a._, déprécier. =depre´ciate=, _v.n._, se déprécier, tomber, perdre sa valeur. =depreda´tion=, _n._, dépréciation, _f._ =depre´ciator= (-teur), _n._, dépréciateur, _m._ =dep´redate= (dèp’ri-), _v.a._, piller, saccager, ravager, détruire. =dep´redate=, _v.n._, commettre des déprédations. =depreda´tion= (-dé-), _n._, déprédation, destruction, _f._; ravage, _m._ =dep´redator= (-teur), _n._, pillard, déprédateur, _m._ =depress´= (di-prèce), _v.a._, baisser; abaisser abattre, accabler, ruiner; déprimer; décourager; (to sink) incliner; (to flatten) aplatir; humilier; faire languir; (of prices) faire baisser. =depressed´=, _adj._, abattu; (low) bas; (flat) aplati; (hollow) creux. =depres´sion= (-prèsh’eune), _n._, abaissement; affaissement, aplatissement; (fig.) abattement, _m._, (surg.) dépression, _f._ =depres´sor= (dè-prèss’eur), _n._, oppresseur (anat.) abaisseur, _m._ =depriva´tion= (dèp’raïv’é-), _n._, privation; perte, _f._ =deprive´= (dè-praïve), _v.a._, priver =de=; dépouiller =de=; (fig.) révoquer, interdire =à=. =depth= (dèp’th), _n._, profondeur; hauteur, _f._; (recess) enfoncement; (of the seasons) fort, cœur; (of the night) milieu; (print.) (of the letters) corps, _m._; (math.) hauteur, épaisseur, _f._; (nav.) (of the hold) creux, _m._; (of a sail) chute, _f._ — of winter; _cœur de l’hiver_, _m._ To go beyond one’s —; _perdre pied_; (fig.) _parler sans connaissance de cause_, ou _de ce qu’on ignore_. To be in one’s —; _avoir pied_. To get in one’s —; _prendre fond_. =depth´less=, _adj._, sans profondeur. =dep´urate= (dèp’iou-), _v.a._, (ant.) dépurer. =dep´urate=, _adj._, dépuré. =depura´tion= (-ré-), _n._, (med.) dépuration, _f._ =dep´uratory= (-tori), _adj._,(med.) dépuratoire. =deputa´tion= (dèp’iou-té-), _n._, députation, délégation, _f._ =depute´= (di-pioute) _v.a._, députer; déléguer. =dep´uty=, _n._, député, délégué, adjoint, _m._ —-governor; _lieutenant-gouverneur_, _m._ —-chairman; _vice-président_, _m._ —-mayor; _adjoint au maire_, _adjoint_, _m._ —-manager; _sous-director_, _m._ — judge; _juge suppléant_, _m._ =derac´inate=, _v.a._, (l.u.) déraciner. =derange´= (di-ré’n’dje), _v.a._, déranger; désorganiser; troubler l’esprit =de=. To be —d; _avoir le cerveau dérangé_; _être fou_. =derange´ment=, _n._, dérangement; trouble, _m._; aliénation mentale, folie, _f._ =der´elict= (dèr’i-), _adj._, délaissé, abandonné. — ship; _vaisseau abandonné_, _m._ =der´elict=, _n._, (jur.) objet abandonné, _m._; épave, _f._ =derelic´tion=, _n._, abandon, _m._ =deride´= (di-raïde), _v.a._, tourner en dérision; railler; se moquer =de=, se rire =de=. =deri´der=, _n._, moqueur, _m._, moqueuse, _f._; railleur, _m._, railleuse, _f._ =deri´dingly=, _adv._, par dérision. =deri´sion= (di-rij’eune), _n._, dérision, moquerie, _f._; objet de dérision, _m._ =deri´sive= (di-raï-cive), _adj._, dérisoire. =deri´sively=, _adv._, par dérision. =deri´sory= (di-raï-sori), _adj._, dérisoire. =deri´vable= (di-raïv’a-b’l), _adj._, dérivable; qui dérive, qui peut dériver; à puiser; qu’on peut tenir =de=. =deriva´tion= (dèr-i-vé-), _n._, dérivation; origine, _f._ =deriv´ative= (di-riv’-), _adj._, dérivé; (med.) dérivatif. =deriv´ative=, _n._, (gram.) dérivé; (mus.) accord dérivé; (med.) dérivatif, _m._ =deriv´atively=, _adv._, par dérivation. =derive´= (di-raïve), _v.a._, (water) faire dériver; dériver =de=; (gram.) faire dériver; (fig.) recueillir, retirer, tirer =de=. =derive´=, _v.n._, venir =de=, provenir =de=. =derm=, =der´ma=, _ou_ =der´mis= (deurm’-), _n._, (anat.) derme, _m._ =dern´ier= (deur-ni-eur), _adj._, (jur.) dernier. =der´ogate= (dèr-o-ghéte), _v.a._, dénigrer, déprécier; (jur.) déroger =à=. =der´ogate=, _v.n._, dégénérer; se dégrader. To — from; _déroger_ =à=; _porter atteinte_ =à=. =der´ogated= (-ède), _part._, diminué de valeur; dégradé, endommagé. =deroga´tion= (-ghé-), _n._, dérogation, _f._; détriment, _m._; atteinte, _f._ =derog´atory=, _adj._, dérogatoire, qui porte atteinte =à=, dérogeant =à=. =derog´ative=, _adj._, dérogatoire, indigne. =der´rick=, _n._, (nav.) martinet, _m._ — boom; _mât de charge_, _m._ To rig a —; _pousser une vergue en bataille_. =der´vis= (deur-) _ou_ =der´vise= (-vaïze), _n._, dervis, derviche, _m._ =des´cant= (dès’-), _n._, chant, air, morceau d’ensemble; discours, _m._; dissertation, _f._ =des´cant=, _v.n._, discourir =de= _ou_ =sur=; s’étendre =sur=. To — on; _commenter_ =sur=; _s’appesantir_ =sur=. =descend´= (di-), _v.a._ and _n._, descendre, tomber. To — upon; _tomber_ =sur=; (of inheritance) passer =à=; (to lower one’s self) s’abaisser =jusqu’à= _ou_ =à=. To be —ed from; _descendre_ =de=, _tirer son origine_ =de=. =descend´ant=, _n._, descendant, _m._, descendante, _f._ =descend´ent=, _adj._, descendant, issu =de=; qui descend, provenant =de=. =descen´sion= (di-cè’n’sheune), _n._, descente, _f._, (fig.) abaissement, _m._; chute, _f._ =descent´= (di’-), _n._, descente; chute; descendance, postérité, _f._, (of lineage) naissance, origine, souche; (of pistons) descente, _f._ =descri´bable=, _adj._, descriptible. =describe´= (di-scraïbe), _v.a._, décrire, dépeindre, peindre. =descri´ber=, _n._, auteur d’une description, (st.e.) peintre, descripteur, _m._ =descri´er= (di-scraï-), _n._, personne qui découvre, _f._ =descrip´tion= (di-scrip’-), _n._, description, _f._; (of a person) signalement, _m._; qualité, sorte, espèce, _f._; genre, _m._ =descry´=, _v.a._, découvrir, apercevoir; explorer, reconnaître. =des´ecrate= (dèss’i-), _v.a._, profaner. =desecra´tion= (-cré-), _n._, profanation, _f._ =desert´= (di-zeurte), _n._, mérite, _m._; mérites, _m.pl._; désert, _m._; solitude, _f._ =des´ert= (dèz’eurte), _adj._, désert, solitaire. =desert´= (di-zeurte), _v.a._, abandonner; déserter, quitter. =desert´= (di-zeurte), _v.n._, (mil.) déserter. =desert´er= (di-zeurt’-), _n._, déserteur; transfuge, _m._ =deser´tion= (di-zeur-), _n._, désertion, _f._, abandon, _m._ =deserve´= (di-zeurve), _v.a._ and _n._, mériter. =deserv´edly= (-ède-), _adv._, à bon droit, justement, à juste titre. =deser´ver=, _n._, personne méritante, _f._ =deserv´ing=, _adj._, de mérite; méritant. =deshabille´= (dèss’a-bile), _n._, déshabillé, _m._ =desic´cant= (di-cik’-), _adj._, dessiccatif, siccatif. =desic´cant=, _n._, dessiccatif, siccatif, _m._ =des´iccate= (di-cik’-), _v.a._, sécher, dessécher. =des´iccate=, _v.n._, sécher, se dessécher. =desicca´tion= (-’ké-), _n._, dessiccation, _f._ =desic´cative= (di-cik’-), _adj._, dessiccatif, siccatif. =desic´cative=, _n._, dessiccatif, siccatif, _m._ =desidera´tum=, (di-cid’eur’é-teume), _n._, chose à désirer, lacune, _f._; desideratum, _m._ =design´= (di-çaïne _ou_ -zaïne), _m._, dessein, projet; (drawing) dessin, _m._, (manu.) modèle, _m._ By —; à dessein. To have —s upon; (of things) _convoiter_, _rechercher_, _aspirer à posséder_; (of persons) _avoir des desseins_ =sur=. =design´=, _v.a._, dessiner; destiner =à=; désigner; avoir le dessein =de=, projeter, concevoir; se proposer =de=. =design´able= (di-çai’n’ab’l), _adj._, que l’on peut désigner. =des´ignate= (dèss’ig-néte), _v.a._, désigner; nommer. _adj._, désigné, nommé. =designa´tion= (dèss’ig-né-), _n._, désignation, (Scotch jur.) destination, _f._ =design´edly= (di-çai’n’èd-), _adv._, à dessein, avec intention, de propos délibéré. =design´er= (di-çaï’n’eur), _n._, dessinateur; inventeur; (b.s.) machinateur, intrigant, _m._ =design´ing= (di-çai’n’-), _adj._, artificieux, intrigant. =design´less= (di-çai’n-), _adj._, sans dessein. =design´lessly=, _adv._, par inadvertance, sans dessein. =desir´able= (di-zaïeur’a-b’l), _adj._, désirable, à désirer, à souhaiter, agréable. =desir´ableness=, _n._, caractère désirable, avantage, _m._ =desir´ably=, _adv._, désirablement, avantageusement. =desire´= (di-zaïeur), _n._, désir, _m._, envie, prière, demande, _f._ By —; _sur demande_; _à la demande_ =de=. =desire´= (di-zaïeur), _v.a._, désirer; souhaiter; prier; ordonner =à=, charger =de=. =desire´less=, _adj._, exempt de désirs. =desir´er=, _n._, personne qui désire, _f._ =desir´ous= (di-zaïeur’-), _adj._, qui désire; désireux =de=, empressé =de=. To be — of; _avoir le désir_ =de=; _avoir envie_ =de=; _être empressé_ =de=. =desist´= (di-ciste), _v.n._, se désister =de=; cesser =de=; renoncer =à=, abandonner. =desist´ance= (di-ci’st’-), _n._, désistement, abandon, refus, _m._ =desk= (dèske), _n._, pupitre, bureau, _m._; (in a church or school) chaire, _f._; (for music or lectern) lutrin, _m._ =des´olate= (dèss’o-), _adj._, désolé, isolé, inhabité, solitaire, dévasté. =des´olate=, _v.a._, désoler; dévaster, ravager; dépeupler. =des´olately=, _adv._, d’une manière désolée. =desola´tion= (-lé-), _n._, désolation, _f._ Abomination of —; (script.) _l’abomination de la désolation_, _f._ =des´olator=, _n._, désolateur, _m._, -trice, _f._ =despair´= (di-spère), _n._, désespoir, _m._ In —; _au désespoir_. =despair´=, _v.n._, désespérer =de=, se désespérer. His life is despaired of; _on désespère de le sauver_. =despair´er=, _n._, désespéré, personne au désespoir, _f._ =despair´ingly=, _adv._, d’une manière désespérante; sans espoir, avec désespoir. =despatch´= (di-) _ou_ =dispatch´=, _n._, dépêche, _f._; envoi, _m._; promptitude, expédition, diligence, _f._ — boat; _aviso_, _m._ To use all —; _user de diligence_. =despatch´= _ou_ =dispatch´=, _v.a._, dépêcher, envoyer; expédier, exécuter. =despatch´ful= _ou_ =dis-=, _adj._, expéditif, prompt. =despera´do= (dès-peu-ré-dô), _n._, énergumène; homme dangereux, désespéré, enragé, forcené, _m._ =des´perate= (dès-peur-), _adj._, désespéré, désespérant; dont on désespère; furieux, forcené; à outrance, acharné, terrible. — fight; _combat acharné_, _m._ =des´perately=, _adv._, en désespéré; (l.u.) désespérément; d’une manière désespérée; terriblement, excessivement, éperdument. =des´perateness=, _n._, fureur, furie, _f._, acharnement, _m._ =despera´tion= (-ré-), _n._, désespoir, _m._; fureur, exaspération, _f._, acharnement, _m._ =des´picable= (dès-pi-ca-b’l), _adj._, méprisable. =des´picableness=, _n._, caractère méprisable, _m._; bassesse, _f._ =des´picably=, _adv._, bassement, d’une manière méprisable. =despi´sable= (di-spaïz’a-b’l), _adj._, méprisable. =despise´= (di-spaïze), _v.a._, mépriser, dédaigner. =despi´sedness= (di-spaïz’èd-), _n._, avilissement, _m._ =despi´ser= (di-spaïz’-), _n._, contempteur, _m._ =despi´sing=, _n._, mépris, dédain, _m._ =despi´singly=, _adv._, avec mépris. =despite´= (di-spaïte), _n._, dépit, _m._; haine, _f._ =despite´=, _v.a._, dépiter. =despite´=, _prep._, en dépit =de=, malgré. =despite´ful= (-foule), _adj._, qui a du dépit. =despite´fully=, _adv._, avec dépit. =despite´fulness=, _n._, dépit, _m._ =despoil´= (di-spoïl), _v.a._, dépouiller. =despoil´er=, _n._, spoliateur, _m._, spoliatrice, _f._ =despolia´tion= (di-spo-li-é-), _n._, spoliation, _f._ =despond´= (di-spo’n’de), _v.n._, se décourager; être abattu, se laisser abattre; désespérer =de=. =despon´dency=, _n._, abattement, désespoir, découragement, _m._ =despon´dent=, _adj._, découragé, abattu, désespéré. =despon´dently=, _adv._, dans l’abattement; avec désespoir. =des´pot=, _n._, despote, tyran, _m._ =despot´ic= _ou_ =despot´ical= (dès’-), _adj._, despotique. =despot´ically=, _adv._, despotiquement; en despote. =des´potism= (-’iz’m), _n._, despotisme, _m._ =desquama´tion= (dès’kwa-mé-), _n._, desquamation, _f._ =dessert´= (dèz’zeurte), _n._, dessert, _m._ At —; _au dessert_. _adj._, de dessert. — apple, pear; _pomme_, _poire_, _à couteau_, ou _à dessert_, _f._ — knife, plate; _couteau_, _m._, _assiette_, _f._, _à dessert_. — wine; _vin de dessert_, _m._ — spoon and fork; _couvert à dessert_, _m._ =destina´tion= (-né-), _n._, destination, _f._ =des´tine= (dès-tine), _v.a._, destiner =à=, désigner, marquer, fixer, indiquer. =des´tiny=, _n._, destin, _m._; destinée, _f._ =des´titute= (dès-ti-tioute), _adj._, dépourvu =de=, destitué =de=; privé =de=; dénué =de=; dans le dénûment, dans la misère, abandonné, délaissé. =destitu´tion= (-ti-tiou-), _n._, dénuement, dénûment, délaissement, abandon, _m._; privation, _f._ =destroy´= (di-stroïe), _v.a._, détruire, exterminer, ruiner, perdre; gâter, abîmer. =destroy´er=, _n._, destructeur, _m._ =destroy´ing=, _adj._, destructeur, destructif, _n._, destruction, _f._ =destructibil´ity= (di-streuct’-), _n._, destructibilité, _f._ =destruc´tible= (di-streuct’i-b’l), _adj._, destructible. =destruc´tion=, _n._, destruction, _f._; meurtre, massacre, carnage, _m._; (fig.) perte, ruine, perdition, _f._ =destruc´tive=, _adj._, destructeur, destructif, funeste, mortel, fatal. — distillation; (chem.) _distillation sèche_, _f._ =destruc´tively=, _adv._, d’une manière destructive. =destruc´tiveness=, _n._, caractère, _ou_ pouvoir, destructeur, _m._, nature destructive, _f._ =des´uetude= (déss’-wi-tioude), _n._, désuétude, _f._ =des´ultorily= (dèss’-eul-tori-), _adv._, par sauts et par bonds; à bâtons rompus, sans suite, d’une manière décousue. =des´ultoriness=, _n._, défaut de liaison; défaut de méthode; manque d’esprit de suite, _m._ =des´ultory= (dèss-eul-tori), _adj._, (of work) par sauts et par bonds; à bâtons rompus; décousu; sans suite; changeant, irrégulier. In a — manner; _sans méthode_, _sans suite_. =detach´= (di-tatshe), _v.a._, détacher, isoler, séparer. To become —ed; _se détacher_. =detached´=, _adj._, détaché, isolé; (of houses) entre cour et jardin. =detach´ment=, _n._, action de détacher, _f._; détachement, _m._ =detail´= (di-téle), _n._, détail, _m._ In —; _minutieusement_, _en détail_. =detail´=, _v.a._, détailler. =detail´er=, _n._, narrateur de détails, (liter.) détailliste, _m._ =detain´= (di-téne), _v.a._, retenir; tenir; détenir, arrêter, empêcher. =detain´er=, _n._, personne qui retient; détenteur, _m._; détention, _f._ Writ of —; (jur.) _mandat d’arrestation provisoire_, _m._ Forcible —; (jur.) _usurpation_ ou _prise de possession par violence_, _f._ =detect´= (di-tècte), _v.a._, découvrir; surprendre. =detect´er=, _n._, personne qui découvre, _f._; dénonciateur, révélateur, _m._ =detec´tion=, _n._, découverte, _f._ =detec´tive=, _n._, agent, espion de la police criminelle, de la police secrète, _m._; agent de sûreté, mouchard, flic, argousin, _m._ =detent´= (di-), _n._, (horl.) détente, _f._ =deten´tion= (di-), _n._, action de retenir, _f._; retard, _m._; (jur.) détention, _f._; (delay) retard, _m._ =deter´= (di-teur), _v.a._, détourner =de=; empêcher =de=; retenir; arrêter; effrayer, décourager. =deterge´= (di-teurdje), _v.a._, déterger. =deter´gent=, _adj._, détergent, détersif. =deter´gent=, _n._, détersif, _m._ =dete´riorate= (di-tî-), _v.a._, détériorer; faire dégénérer. =dete´riorate=, _v.n._, (of things) se détériorer; (pers.) dégénérer. =deteriora´tion= (-rio-ré-), _n._, (of things) détérioration; (pers.) dégénération, _f._ =deter´minable= (di-teur-mi-na-b’l), _adj._, déterminable. =deter´minate= (di-teur-), _adj._, déterminé, établi, réglé, arrêté, décidé; définitif, décisif, fixé; (pers.) résolu. =deter´minately=, _adv._, déterminément, résolument. =determina´tion= (-né-), _n._, détermination; décision; résolution; direction, (jur.) fin, expiration, _f._ =deter´minative=, _adj._, déterminatif; déterminant. =deter´mine= (di-teur-mine), _v.a._, déterminer, décider, régler. =deter´mine=, _v.n._, se déterminer; se décider; résoudre; finir, expirer, se terminer. =deter´mined= (-mi’n’de), _adj._, déterminé. =deter´minedly= (-mi’n’dli), _adv._, déterminément. =deter´sion= (di-teur-), _n._, détersion, _f._ =deter´sive= (di-teur-), _adj._, détersif. =deter´sive=, _n._, détersif, _m._ =detest´= (di-tèste), _v.a._, détester, abhorrer. =detest´able=, _adj._, détestable; abominable, odieux, atroce. =detest´ably=, _adv._, détestablement, abominablement. =detesta´tion= (-ès-té-), _n._, détestation, exécration, _f._ To hold in —; _avoir en horreur_, _exécrer_. =detest´er=, _n._, personne qui déteste, ennemi juré, _f._ =dethrone´= (di-thrône), _v.a._, détrôner. =dethrone´ment=, _n._, détrônement, _m._ =dethro´ner=, _n._, personne qui détrône, _f._; détrôneur (Voltaire). =det´onate= (dèt-o-), _v.n._, détoner, fulminer. =det´onate=, _v.a._, faire détoner. =det´onating=, _n._, détonation, _f._ _adj._, à détonation, fulminant. Detonating powder; _poudre fulminante_, _f._ =detona´tion= (dèto-né-), _n._, détonation, fulmination, _f._ =detour´= (dé-tour), _n._, détour, _m._ =detract´= (di-tracte), _v.a._ and _n._, enlever =à=; diminuer =de=, ôter =à=; dénigrer, rabattre. =detract´er=, _n._, détracteur, _m._ =detract´ingly=, _adv._, par détraction, par dénigrement. =detrac´tion= (di-trac-), _n._, action d’enlever; détraction, _f._; dénigrement, _m._ =detrac´tive=, _adj._, détracteur. =detrac´tory= (-’eur-), _adj._, dérogatoire; détracteur. =detrac´tress=, _n._, médisante, _f._ =det´riment=, _n._, détriment; préjudice; dommage, _m._ =detrimen´tal=, _adj._, préjudiciable =à=, nuisible =à=. _n._, (fig.) valet de cœur, _m._ =detrimen´tally=, _adv._, d’une manière préjudiciable. =detri´tus= (di-traï-), _n._, (geol.) détritus, débris, _m._ =detrude´= (di-troude), _v.a._, précipiter, repousser; refouler; chasser, reléguer. =detrun´cate= (di-treu’gn-), _v.a._, tronquer, écourter, couper. =detrunca´tion=, _n._, coupe; mutilation, _f._ =deuce= (diouce), _n._, deux, _m._ =deuce= _ou_ =deuse= (diouce), _n._, (l.ex.) diable; diantre, _m._ The —! _diantre!_ _diable!_ The — is in it; _le diable s’en mêle_; (at play) _deux_. Double —; _double deux_. =Deuteron´omy= (diou-teur’-), _n._, Deutéronome, _m._ =dev´astate= (dèv’as-), _v.a._, dévaster. =dev´astating=, _adj._, dévastateur. =devasta´tion=, _n._, dévastation, _f._ =devel´op= (di-vèl’-), _v.a._, développer. =devel´opment=, _n._, développement, _m._; exposition, _f._ — theory; _théorie de l’évolution_, _du transformisme_, _f._ — of doctrine; (theol.) _évolution du dogme_, _f._ =devest´= (di-vèste), _v.a._, (jur.) désinvestir =de=. =devex´ity= (di-vèks’-), _n._, courbure, inclinaison, _f._ =de´viate= (di-vî-), _v.n._, dévier =de=, se dévier; s’égarer, s’écarter =de=. =devia´tion=, _n._, déviation, _f._; égarement; écart, _m._ =device´= (di-vaïce), _n._, devise, _f._; dessein, plan, projet; artifice, moyen, stratagème, _m._; invention, _f._ =dev´il= (dèv’l), _n._, diable, démon, _m._ She-—; _diablesse_, _f._ The —! _ah diable!_ How, _ou_ what, the —; _que diable_. The — take; (_que_) _le diable emporte_. The — is in him; _il a le diable au corps_. The — on two sticks; _le diable boiteux_. There is the — to pay; _c’est le diable à confesser_. Dare-—; _téméraire_, _audacieux_. — may care; _imprudent_, _téméraire_, _insouciant_. To give the — his due; _rendre justice au diable_. To play the very —; _faire le diable à quatre_. Talk of the — and you’re sure to see his horns; _quand on parle du loup, on en voit la queue_. —-fish; _poulpe_, _m._, _pieuvre_ (V. Hugo), _f._ =dev´ilet= _ou_ =dev´iling=, _n._ _V._ =dev´ilkin=. =dev´ilish= (dèv’l-ishe), _adj._, maudit, diabolique, satané. =dev´ilishly=, _adv._, diaboliquement, diablement, en diable. =dev´ilishness=, _n._, caractère diabolique, _m._ =dev´ilkin= (dèv’l-), =dev´ilet= (dèv’lète), _ou_ =dev´iling= (dèv’l-), _n._, diablotin, _m._ =de´vious= (di-vi-), _adj._, détourné, écarté; (fig.) errant, vagabond, faux. — course; _fausse direction_. =de´viously=, _adv._, en déviant; d’une manière détournée; (fig.) à tort. =devi´sable= (di-vaïz’-a-b’l), _adj._, imaginable; (jur.) (of property) disponible. =devise´= (di-vaïze), _n._, disposition testamentaire, _f._, legs, _m._ =devise´=, _v.a._, projeter; imaginer, inventer; chercher, songer =à=; tramer; machiner; (jur.) disposer par testament =de=; léguer =à=. =devise´=, _v.n._, projeter. =devisee´= (dèv-i-zî), _n._, (jur.) héritier institué, légataire universel, _m._ =devi´ser= (di-vaïz’-), _n._, inventeur, _m._ =devi´sor= (di-vaï-zeur _ou_ -zor), _n._, (jur.) testateur, _m._, testatrice, _f._, légateur, _m._, -trice, _f._ =devoid´= (di-voïde), _adj._, privé =de=; exempt =de=; dénué =de=; dépourvu =de=. =devolu´tion= (dèv’o-liou-), _n._, dévolution, _f._ =devolve´= (di-), _v.a._, rouler; transférer, transmettre. =devolve´=, _v.n._, échoir =à=; tomber; être dévolu =à=; incomber =à=. It —s upon me; _c’est à moi qu’il appartient_ =de=; ou _c’est à moi qu’il incombe_ =de=. =devolved´=, _adj._, dévolu, échu. =devote´= (di-vôte), _v.a._, dévouer =à=, vouer =à=, consacrer =à=. =devote´=, _n._, dévot, _m._, dévote, _f._ =devo´ted=, _adj._, dévoué, consacré, voué; (accursed) maudit, -e. =devo´tedly=, _adv._, avec dévouement. =devo´tedness=, _n._, dévouement, _m._ =devotee´= (dèv’o-tî), _n._, dévot, _m._, dévote, _f._; (b.s.) faux dévot, _m._, fausse dévote, _f._; bigot, _m._, bigote, _f._, cagot, _m._, cagote, _f._ =devo´tion= (di-vô-), _n._, dévotion; offrande; prières, _f.pl._; empressement; dévouement, _m._ — chair; _prie-dieu_, _m._ =devo´tional=, _adj._, (of things) de dévotion; (pers.) religieux; porté à la dévotion. =devo´tionalist= _ou_ =devo´tionist=, _n._, dévot, _m._, dévote, _f._; (b.s.) faux dévot, _m._, fausse dévote, _f._; bigot, _m._, bigote, _f._ =devour´= (di-vaour), _v.a._, dévorer. =devour´er=, _n._, monstre dévorant; dévoreur, vorace, _m._, dévoreuse, _f._, (of things) destructeur, _m._ To be a — of books; _dévorer les livres_. =devour´ingly=, _adv._, en dévorant, avec voracité. =devout´= (di-vaoute), _adj._, dévot, pieux, fervent, sincère. =devout´less=, _adj._, indévot. =devout´lessness=, _n._, indévotion (l.u.), _f._ =devout´ly=, _adv._, dévotement. =devout´ness=, _n._, dévotion, piété, _f._ =dew= (diou), _n._, rosée, _f._ =dew=, _v.a._, (ant.) couvrir de rosée; mouiller, arroser, tremper. =dew´-bent= (-bè’n’te), _adj._, qui plie sous la rosée; chargé de rosée. =dew´-bespan´gled= (-bè-spa’gn’g’l’de), _adj._, parsemé de rosée. =dew´-besprent´=, _adj._, couvert de rosée. =dew´-drop=, _n._, goutte de rosée, _f._ =dew´-dropping=, _adj._, qui dégoutte de rosée. =dew´-lap=, _n._, fanon, _m._ =dew´-lapt=, _adj._, qui a un fanon; à fanon. =dew´-sprinkled= (-spri’gn’k’l’de), _adj._, couvert de rosée. =dew´-worm= (-weurme), _n._, (ent.) lombric terrestre; ver de terre, _m._ =dew´y= (diou-i), _adj._, de rosée; couvert, _ou_ humide, de rosée. =dex´ter= (dèks’teur), _adj._, droit; (her.) dextre. =dexter´ity= (-tèr’-), _n._, dextérité, adresse, _f._ =dex´terous= (-teur’-), _adj._, adroit; habile. =dex´terously=, _adv._, adroitement, habilement. =dex´terousness=, _n._, dextérité, adresse, _f._ =dex´tral=, _adj._, (l.u.) droit. =dextral´ity=, _n._, (l.u.) situation à droite, _f._ =dex´trine=, _n._, (chem.) dextrine, _f._ =dey=, _n._, dey, _m._ =diabe´tes= (daï’a-bî-tize), _n._ _sing._ and _pl._, (med.) diabète, _m.sing._ =diabet´ic= _ou_ =diabet´ical= (daï-a-bèt’-), _adj._, diabétique. =diabol´ic= _ou_ =diabol´ical= (daï’a-), _adj._, diabolique. =diabol´ically=, _adv._, diaboliquement. =diabol´icalness=, _n._, caractère diabolique, _m._ =diach´ylum= (daï’ak’i-leume), _ou_ =diach´ylon= (-lone), _n._, diachylum, diachylon, _m._ =diaco´dium= (daï-a-cô-di-eume), _n._, diacode, _m._ =diac´onal= (daï-ac’o-), _adj._, diaconal. =diacous´tics= (daï-a-caous-tikse), _n.pl._, diacoustique, _f.sing._ =diadel´phia= (daï-a-), _n._, (bot.) diadelphie, _f._ =di´adem= (daï-a-), _n._, diadème, _m._ =di´ademed= (-dè’m’de), _adj._, ceint d’un diadème. =di´adrom= (daï-a-), _n._, (l.u.) vibration du pendule; durée de cette vibration, _f._ =diær´esis= (daï-èr-i-ciss), _n._ (diæreses), tréma, _m._; (surg.) diérèse, _f._ =diagnos´tic= (daï-ag-), _adj._, diagnostique. =diagnos´tic=, _n._, diagnostique, _m._ =diag´onal= (daï-ag-), _adj._, diagonal. =diag´onal=, _n._, diagonale, _f._ =diag´onally=, _adv._, diagonalement. =di´agram= (daï-a-), _n._, diagramme, _m._; figure, _f._ =di´al= (daï’al), _n._, cadran, _m._ Sun-—; _cadran solaire_, _m._ =di´alect= (daï-a-), _n._, dialecte; langage, _m._ =dialec´tic= _ou_ =dialec´tical=, _adj._, dialectique. =dialec´tically=, _adv._, dialectiquement. =dialecti´cian= (daï-a-lèc-tish’a’n), _n._, dialecticien, logicien, _m._ =dialec´tics= (daï-a-lèc-tikse), _n.pl._, dialectique, _f.sing._ =di´aling= (daï-al’-), _n._, gnomonique, _f._ =di´alist= (daï-al’-), _n._, faiseur de cadrans, _m._ =dial´ogist= (daï-al’o-djiste), _n._, interlocuteur; auteur de dialogues; (l.u.) dialogiste, _m._ =dialogis´tic= _ou_ =dialogis´tical=, _adj._, dialogique. =dialogis´tically=, _adv._, en forme de dialogue. =di´alogue= (daï-a-loghe), _n._, dialogue; entretien, _m._ =di´alogue-writer= (-raït’-), _n._, auteur de dialogues, (l.u.) dialogiste, _m._ =di´al-plate= (daï-al-pléte), _n._, cadran, _m._ =di´al-work= (-weurke), _n._, (horl.) cadrature, _f._ =diam´eter= (daï-am’i-), _n._, diamètre, _m._ =diam´etral=, =diamet´ric=, _ou_ =diamet´rical= (daï-a-), _adj._, diamétral. =diam´etrally= _ou_ =diamet´rically=, _adv._, diamétralement. =di´amond= (daï’a-meu’n’de), _n._, diamant; (at cards) carreau; (geom.) rhombe, _m._ Set of —s; _garniture de diamants_, _f._ Cut —; _diamant taillé_. False —; _faux diamant_; _diamant faux_. Polished —; _diamant poli_. Rough —; _diamant brut_. True —; _vrai diamant_. Wrought —; _diamant travaillé_. Glazier’s —; _diamant de vitrier_. Rose —; _diamant en rose_, _m._; _rose_, _f._ — of the first water; _diamant de première eau_. To set a —; _monter un diamant_. — setter; _sertisseur de diamants_. —-cutter; _diamantaire_; _lapidaire_, _m._ —-cutting; _taille de diamant_, _f._ — shaped; _rhomboïdal_, _en carreau_, _en losange_. — cut; _taillé en diamant_. — dust; _égrisé_, _m._; _égrisée_, _f._ — cut —; _fin contre fin_. — beetle; _entime_, _m._ =dian´dria= (daï-), _n._, (bot.) diandrie, _f._ =diapa´son= (daï’a-pé-z’n), _n._, diapason, _m._ =di´aper= (daï’a-), _n._, toile ouvrée, _f._, linge ouvré, _m._; (arch.) panneau à arabesques, _m._ =di´aper=, _v.a._, varier de plusieurs couleurs, diaprer; ouvrer, damasser. =diaphane´ity= (daï’a-fa-nî-i-), _n._, diaphanéité, _f._ =diaphan´ic= _ou_ =diaph´anous=, _adj._, diaphane. =diaphore´sis= (daï-a-fo-rî-cice), _n._, diaphorèse, _f._ =di´aphragm= (daï-a-frame), _n._, diaphragme, _m._ =di´arist= (daï-a-), _n._, personne qui tient un journal, _f._ =diarrhœ´a= (daï-a-rî-a), _n._, diarrhée, _f._ =diarthro´sis= (daï-ar-thrô-cice), _n._, diarthrose, _f._ =di´ary= (daï-a-), _n._, journal, agenda, _m._ Weekly —; _semainier_, _m._ =di´astase= (daï-as-téce), _n._, (chem.) diastase, _f._ =dias´tasis= (daï-as-ta-cice), _n._, (surg.) diastase, _f._ =dias´tole= (daï-as-to-lî), _n._, (physiol.) diastole, _f._ =di´astyle= (daï-a-staïle), _n._, (arch.) diastyle, _m._ =diath´esis= (daï-ath-i-cice), _n._, diathèse, _f._ =diaton´ic= (daï-a-), _adj._, (mus.) diatonique. =di´atribe= (daï-a-traïbe), _n._, diatribe, _f._ =dib´ble= (dib’b’l), _n._, plantoir, _m._ =dib´ble=, _v.a._, (agri.) planter au plantoir. =dib´stone= (-stône), _n._, palet, _m._ =dice= (daïce), _n.pl._ _V._ =die=, _n._ =dice´-box= (-bokse), _n._, cornet à dés, _m._ =di´cer=, _n._, joueur aux dés, _m._ =dichot´omy= (daï-cot’-), _n._, (bot.) dichotomie, _f._ _the_ =dick´ens!= (dik’è’n’ze), _int._, (l.ex.) diantre! =dick´y=, _n._, siège de derrière, _m._; (shirt-front) chemisette, _f._ Come — bird! _venez petit!_ =dicotyle´don= (daï-cot’i-li-), _n._, (bot.) dicotylédone, _f._ =dicotyle´donous=, _adj._, dicotylédone. =dic´tate=, _n._, précepte; ordre, _m._; règle, inspiration, voix, impulsion, _f._ =dic´tate=, _v.a._, dicter. _v.n._, faire la loi =à=; commander =à=. =dicta´tion= (dic-té-), _n._, dictée; (fig.) injonction, prescription, _f._ =dicta´tor= (-té-teur), _n._, dictateur, _m._ =dictato´rial= (-tô-), _adj._, dictatorial, de dictateur; impérieux; dogmatique; (fig.) arrogant; autoritaire; magistral. =dicta´torship= (-té-teur’-), _n._, dictature, _f._ =dic´tatory= (-té-tori), _adj._, arrogant; dogmatique; tranchant; magistral. =dicta´ture= (-té-tioure), _n._, dictature, _f._ =dic´tion= (dik’sheune), _n._, diction, _f._; débit, _m._ =dic´tionary= (dik’sheu’n’a-), _n._, dictionnaire, _m._ =did=, _v._ _V._ =do=. =didac´tic= _ou_ =didac´tical=, _adj._, didactique. =didac´tically=, _adv._, didactiquement. =did´apper= (did’ap’eur), _n._, (orni.) plongeon, _m._ =did´dle= (did’d’l), _v.n._, chanceler en marchant; vétiller; perdre son temps. =did´dle=, _v.a._, duper, (pop.) enfoncer, mettre dedans, flouer, filouter. =didel´phys= (daï-), _n._, (mam.) didelphe, _m._ =did´ymous=, _adj._, (bot.) didyme. =didyna´mia= (-né-), _n._, (bot.) didynamie, _f._ =die= (daïe), _n._, (_dice_) dé à jouer, _m._; (fig.) chance, _f._, hasard, _m._ The — is cast; _le sort_, ou _le dé_, _en est jeté_. A cast of the —; _un coup de dé_. =die= (daïe), _n._, (_dies_) (for stamping) coin, _m._ — sinking; _gravure en creux_, _f._ =die= (daïe), _v.n._, mourir; s’éteindre. To — away; _s’éteindre_, _se mourir_; (fig.) _s’évanouir_, _se dissiper_; _disparaître_, _cesser_. To — off, _ou_ out; _s’éteindre_; _disparaître_, _s’oublier_. To be dying; _se mourir_. To be dying with; _mourir_ =de=. To — broken-hearted; _mourir de chagrin_. To — the death of; _mourir de la mort_ =de=. To — a natural death; _mourir de sa belle mort_. To — hard; _avoir la vie dure_; _lutter contre la mort_. I am dying to see you; _je meurs d’envie de vous voir_. =die´sis= (daï’î-cice), _n._, (mus.) dièse, _m._; (print.) croix double (‡), _f._ =di´et= (daï’ète), _n._, (assembly) diète; (food) nourriture; (med.) diète, _f._, régime, _m._ =di´et=, _v.a._, (med.) mettre à la diète, mettre au régime; nourrir. =di´et=, _v.n._, faire diète, être au régime; se nourrir. =di´etary=, _n._, diète, _f._; régime alimentaire, régime diététique, _m._; nourriture, _f._ =di´etary=, _adj._, de diète. =di´eter=, =dietet´ist= (daï-èt’-), _n._, diététiste, _m._ =dietet´ic= _ou_ =dietet´ical= (daï’-), _adj._, diététique. =dietet´ics= (daï-), _n.pl._, diététique, _f._ =di´etine= (daï’-è-), _n._, diétine, _f._ =dif´fer= (dif’feur), _v.n._, différer =de=; n’être pas de l’avis =de=; différer d’opinion =avec=; se quereller =avec=; être brouillé =avec=; être en désaccord =avec=. =dif´ference=, _n._, différence; (quarrel) dispute, _f._; différend, _m._ To pay the —; _faire l’appoint_. It makes no —; _cela ne fait rien_; _cela est égal_. To split the —; _partager le différend_. =dif´ference=, _v.a._, différencier. =dif´ferent=, _adj._, différent. =differen´tial= (-shal), _adj._, différentiel. =differen´tiate=, _v.a._, (math.) différentier. =differentia´tion=, _n._, (math.) différentiation, _f._ =dif´ferently=, _adv._, différemment. =dif´ficult= (-keulte), _adj._, difficile; malaisé. It was — for him to; _il avait de la difficulté_ =à=. =dif´ficulty= (-keul-), _n._, difficulté; peine, _f._; embarras, _m._; (_pl._) embarras pécuniaire, _m._ Without —; _sans peine_, _aisément_. With —; _avec peine_. To be in —ies; _être dans la gêne_, _être gêné_. =dif´fidence=, _n._, défiance, diffidence, _f._; manque de confiance en soi-même, _m._; hesitation, modestie, réserve; timidité, _f._ =dif´fident=, _adj._, défiant; timide; hésitant; modeste. To be — of; _se défier_ =de=; _n’avoir pas de confiance_ =en=; _douter_ =de=. =dif´fidently=, _adv._, avec défiance; avec hésitation; timidement. =dif´fluent= (dif’flou’-), _adj._, (ant.) coulant, fluide. =difform´=, _adj._, difforme, irrégulier. =difform´ity=, _n._, difformité, _f._ =diffrac´tion=, _n._, (phys.) diffraction, _f._ =diffuse´= (dif’fiouce), _adj._, diffus, verbeux; répandu, étendu. =diffuse´= (-fiouze), _v.a._, répandre. =diffused´= (dif’fiouz’de), _past part._, répandu; irrégulier, (opt.) diffus. =diffus´edly= (-fiouz’èd-), _adv._, diffusément, d’une manière étendue. =diffuse´ly= (-fiouss’-), _adv._, diffusément. =diffu´sion= (dif’fiou-jeune), _n._, diffusion, dispersion; propagation, _f._ =diffu´sive= (-fiou-cive), _adj._, qui se répand, qui peut se répandre; qui s’étend au loin; (of style) diffus, étendu. =diffu´sively=, _adv._, au loin, dans toutes les directions. =diffu´siveness=, _n._, abondance; extension; verbosité, diffusion, _f._ =dig=, _v.a._, (_preterit_ and _past part._, Dug _ou_ Digged) creuser; bêcher; piocher; fouiller. To — out; _retirer_, _extraire_, _déterrer_. To — up; _défoncer_, _déterrer_, _arracher_. To — open; _ouvrir_. To — through; _percer_, _transpercer_. =dig=, _v.n._, bêcher, piocher; creuser la terre; faire des fouilles. _n._, coup de coude, _m._ =di´gest= (daï-djèste), _n._, digeste, sommaire, _m._ =digest´= (di-djèste), _v.a._, classer, rédiger, arranger, élaborer, étudier, méditer, digérer; (food) digérer; (chem.) faire digérer. =digest´=, _v.n._, digérer. =digest´er= (di-), _n._, (chem.) digesteur, _m._; marmite de Papin, _f._ =diges´tible= (di-), _adj._, digestible; qui se digère. =diges´tion= (di-djèst’ieune), _n._, digestion, _f._; (fig.) examen approfondi, _m._ =diges´tive= (di-), _adj._, digestif. =diges´tive=, _n._, digestif, _m._ =dig´ger= (dig’gheur), _n._, personne qui bêche, _f._; terrassier; (for gold) chercheur d’or, mineur, _m._ =dig´ging= (-ghigne), _n._, fouille, _f._; déblai; terrassement, _m.pl._, mines d’or, _f._, placers, _m.pl._ =dight= (daïte), _adj._, (ant.) orné, paré. =dig´it= (didj’ite), _n._, mesure de 20 millimètres, _f._; doigt; (arith.) chiffre, _m._ =dig´ital= (didj’i-), _adj._, (anat.) digital. =dig´itate= (didj’i-) _ou_ =dig´itated= (-ède), _adj._, (bot., anat.) digité. =dig´nified= (dig-ni-faïde), _adj._, revêtu d’une dignité; plein de dignité, digne, noble, fier; solennel. =dig´nify= (dig-ni-faïe), _v.a._, dignifier (V. Hugo); élever à une dignité; donner de la dignité =à=; élever, illustrer; revêtir d’un titre; honorer, exalter, ennoblir; décorer =de=. =dig´nitary= (dig-ni-), _n._, dignitaire, _m._ =dig´nity= (dig-ni-), _n._, dignité, _f._ =di´graph= (daï-), _n._, digramme, _m._ =digress´= (di-), _v.n._, faire une digression; s’écarter =de=; s’égarer =dans=. =digres´sion= (di-grèsh’eune), _n._, digression; faute, _f._; écart, _m._ =digres´sional= (-grèsh’eu’n’-), _adj._, de digression. =digres´sive= (di-), _adj._, de digression. =digres´sively=, _adv._, par digression. =dike= (daïke), _n._, digue, _f._; fossé, _m._ =dike=, _v.a._, endiguer; entourer d’un fossé. =dilac´erate= (dï-lass’eur’-), _v.a._, dilacérer. =dilacera´tion= (-’eur’é-), _n._, dilacération, _f._ =dilania´tion= (di-lé-ni-é-), _n._, (ant.) action de déchirer, action de mettre en pièces, _f._ =dilap´idate=, _v.a._, délabrer, dilapider. —d; _en mauvais état_, _tombant en ruine_. =dilap´idate=, _v.n._, se délabrer, se dilapider, tomber en ruine. =dilapida´tion= (di-lap-i-dé-), _n._, délabrement, _m._; dilapidation, _f._ =dilap´idator= (-dé-teur), _n._, dilapidateur, _m._; dilapidatrice, _f._ =dilatabil´ity= (di-lét’-), _n._, dilatabilité, _f._ =dila´table= (di-lét’-a-b’l), _adj._, dilatable. =dilata´tion= (dil-a-té-), _n._, dilatation, _f._ =dilate´= (daï-), _v.a._, dilater, élargir, étendre. =dilate´=, _v.n._, se dilater; (to descant) s’appesantir, s’étendre =sur=. =dila´tor= (daï-lé-teur), _n._, (med.) dilatateur, _m._ =dil´atoriness= (dil-a-tori-), _n._, lenteur, négligence, _f._; retard, _m._ =dil´atory= (dil-a-tori), _adj._, négligent, lent, (jur.) dilatoire. =dilem´ma= (di-), _n._, dilemme; embarras, _m._ =dilettan´te= (dil-èt-ta’n’ti), _n._, (dilettanti) amateur des beaux arts; (mus.) dilettante, _m._ =dil´igence= (dil-i-djè’n’ce), _n._, diligence, assiduité, _f._; soin, _m._; (coach) diligence, _f._ =dil´igent= (dil-i-djè’n’te), _adj._, diligent, appliqué. =dil´igently=, _adv._, diligemment, avec application. =dill=, _n._, (bot.) anet, _m._ =dil´ly-dally=, _v.n._, lanterner, barguigner. =dil´ly-dallying=, _n._, lanternerie, _f._; (fam.) barguignage, _m._ =dil´uent= (dil’iou-), _adj._, délayant, qui délaye. =dilute´= (di-lioute), _v.a._, détremper; délayer; diluer; étendre d’eau; (wine) couper; (fig.) affaiblir. =dilu´ter=, _n._, (med.) délayant, _m._ =dilu´tion=, =dilu´ting= (di-liou-), _n._, (of liquids) dilution, _f._; délayement; (fig.) affaiblissement, _m._ =dilu´vial= _ou_ =dilu´vian= (di-liou-), _adj._, diluvien. =dim=, _adj._, obscur, obscurci, trouble, blafard; (of light) terne, pâle, faible; sombre. To be — sighted; _avoir la vue troublé_. =dim=, _v.a._, obscurcir; offusquer; (to sully) ternir; (to surpass) éclipser. =dimen´sion=, _n._, dimension, proportion, étendue, _f._ =dimidia´tion= (-mi-di-é-), _n._, division en deux parties égales, _f._ =dimin´ish=, _v.a._, diminuer, abaisser, amoindrir; (to take away) ôter, retrancher =de=. =dimin´ish=, _v.n._, diminuer. =dimin´ishingly=, _adv._, désavantageusement. =diminu´tion= (-niou-), _n._, diminution, _f._ =dimin´utive=, _adj._, petit, diminutif. =dimin´utive=, _n._, diminutif, _m._ =dimin´utively=, _adv._, dans de petites proportions; désavantageusement; en petit. =dimin´utiveness=, _n._, petitesse; exiguïté, _f._ =dim´issory= (-’is’sori), _adj._, dimissorial. =dim´ity=, _n._, basin, _m._ =dim´ly=, _adv._, obscurément, indistinctement, faiblement, confusément; sans éclat. =dim´mish=, _adj._, un peu obscur; terne. =dim´ness=, _n._, état obscurci; obscurcissement, _m._; obscurité; faiblesse; couleur terne, _f._ =dim´ple= (di’m’p’l), _n._, fossette, _f._ =dim´ple=, _v.a._, former en fossette. =dim´ple=, _v.n._, former des fossettes; (fig.) se plisser, se rider. =dim´ply=, _adv._, plein de fossettes. =din=, _n._, bruit étourdissant, fracas, tumulte; (of arms) cliquetis, _m._ =din=, _v.a._, étourdir, abasourdir; (to repeat) corner. =dine= (daïne), _v.n._, dîner (=de=). To — out; _dîner en ville_, _dîner dehors_. To — out in the country; _dîner à la campagne_. To — with Duke Humphrey; _dîner par cœur_. =dine=, _v.a._, donner à dîner =à=; nourrir. =di´ner=, _n._, dîneur, (b.s.) pique-assiette, _m._ =ding´-dong= (dign’dogne), _n._, tintement des cloches, dine-dindon, carillon, _m._ =din´giness= (di’n’-dji-), _n._, couleur sombre; air sombre, _m._; pauvreté, _f._; aspect sale, _m._ =din´gle= (di’gn’g’l), _n._, vallon, _m._ =din´gle-dan´gle= (di’gn’g’l-da’gn’g’l), _adv._, en pendillant. =din´gy= (di’n’-dji), _adj._, sombre; sale; petit, mesquin. =di´ning= (daï’n’-), _n._, action de dîner, _f._ — hall; _réfectoire_, _m._ =di´ning-room= (-roume), _n._, salle à manger, _f._ =di´ning-rooms= (-roum’ze), _n.pl._, restaurant, _m.sing._ =di´ning-table= (-té-b’l), _n._, table à manger, table, _f._ =din´ner= (di’n’eur), _n._, dîner, dîné, _m._ — time; _heure du dîner_, _f._ — service; _service de table_, _m._ — lift; _monte-plats_, _m._ — wagon; _servante_, _étagère de service_, _f._ — napkin; _serviette de table_, _f._ =dint= (di’n’te), _n._, coup, _m._; coche, dent, marque d’un coup; (fig.) force, puissance, _f._ By — of; _à force de_. =dint=, _v.a._, bossuer, bosseler. =dinumera´tion= (daï-niou-meur’é-), _n._, énumération, _f._; dénombrement, _m._ =dioc´esan= (daï-o-cî-ça’n), _adj._, diocésain. =dioc´esan=, _n._, évêque diocésain, _m._ =di´ocese= (daï-ô-cice), _n._, diocèse, _m._ =diœ´cia= (daï-î-shi-a), _n._, (bot.) diœcie, _f._ =diop´tric= _ou_ =diop´trical= (daï-), _adj._, dioptrique. =diop´trics= (daï-op-trikse), _n.pl._, dioptrique, _f.sing._ =diora´ma= (daï-o-râ-), _n._, diorama, _m._ =dip=, _v.a._, plonger; tremper; mouiller. =dip=, _v.n._, plonger; (of the needle) incliner; (mines) s’incliner. To — into; _s’engager_ =dans=; (of books) _feuilleter_, _parcourir_, _effleurer_. =dip=, _n._, plongeon, (geol.) plongement, _m._; (of the needle) inclinaison; (candle) chandelle à la baguette, _f._ To have a —; _prendre un bain_ (_de mer_). =diph´thong= (dip’tho’gne), _n._, diphtongue, _f._ =dip´loe= (dip-lo-i), _n._, (anat.) diploé, _m._ =diplo´ma= (di-plô-), _n._, diplôme, _m._ =diplo´macy= (di-plô-), _n._, diplomatie, _f._ =dip´lomat=, _n._, diplomate, _m._ =diplomat´ic=, _adj._, diplomatique. =diplomat´ics= (-’ikse), _n.pl._, diplomatique, _f.sing._ =diplo´matist= (-plô-), _n._, diplomate, _m._ =dip´per=, _n._, plongeur, _m._ =dip´ping=, _n._, plongement, (fall) abaissement, _m._; (mines) inclinaison; (into books) lecture rapide, _f._; effleurement, _m._ =dip´tera= (dip-tira) _ou_ =dip´terans= (dip-tî-ra’n’ze), _n.pl._, (ent.) diptères, _m.pl._ =dip´teral= _ou_ =dip´terous= (-teur-), _adj._, (ent.) diptère. =dire= (daïeur), _adj._, terrible, affreux; cruel. =direct´=, _adj._, direct, droit, exprès, formel, positif, clair. — taxes; _contributions directes_, _f.pl._ =direct´=, _adv._, directement. =direct´=, _v.a._, diriger; rapporter, conduire; commander; ordonner; conseiller, prescrire; enseigner, renseigner, indiquer, donner des renseignements, des instructions, =à=. To — a letter; _adresser une lettre_. To — attention; _appeler l’attention_ =de= _..._ =à= ou =sur=. =direc´tion=, _n._, direction, conduite, _f._; ordre, _m._, instruction, _f._; sens, côté, _m._; (of a letter) adresse, suscription, _f._; (of the wind) lit, _m._ In all —s; _de tous côtés_. =direc´tive=, _adj._, directeur, qui dirige, qui guide; indicatif. =direct´ly=, _adv._, directement, immédiatement; (of time) tout de suite, immédiatement; (as soon as) aussitôt que. =direct´ness=, _n._, mouvement direct, _m._; direction en droite ligne; (fig.) droiture, _f._ — of purpose; _à propos_, _m._; _justesse_, _précision_, _f._; _droiture_, _f._ =direct´or= (-teur), _n._, directeur, administrateur, guide, chef; (of the Bank of France) régent, _m._ =direct´orate=, _n._, conseil d’administration, _m._ =directo´rial=, _adj._, directorial, de directeur. =direc´tory=, _n._, directoire, _m._; direction, _f._; conseil d’administration; (for addresses) almanach des adresses, _m._ =direc´tress=, _n._, directrice, _f._ =dire´ful= (daïeur’foule), _adj._, terrible, affreux; cruel. =dire´fully=, _adv._, terriblement, affreusement, cruellement. =dire´fulness=, _n._, horreur, calamité, _f._ =dirge= (deurdje), _n._, chant funèbre, chant de mort, _m._ =dirk= (deurke), _n._, dague, _f._; poignard, _m._ =dirt= (deurte), _n._, boue; saleté; fange; ordure; crotte, crasse, _f._ =dirt=, _v.a._, salir, souiller, crotter. =dir´tily=, _adv._, salement; vilainement, bassement. =dir´tiness=, _n._, saleté, malpropreté; (fig.) bassesse, vilenie, _f._ =dir´ty=, _adj._, sale, crasseux; crotté; malpropre; (fig.) bas, sale, vilain. — action; _action sale_, _f._ — fellow; _saligaud_, _m._ — work; _saleté_, _f._ To be —; (of roads) _faire sale_. =dir´ty=, _v.a._, salir, crotter; (fig.) souiller. =disabil´ity= (diss’-), _n._, incapacité; impuissance; (jur.) inhabilité, _f._ =disa´ble= (diz’é-b’l), _v.a._, rendre incapable; mettre hors d’état =de=; mettre hors de service; renverser; détruire; (jur.) rendre inhabile =à=; (mil.) mettre hors de combat; (of a battery) démonter; (nav.) désemparer. =disa´bled=, _adj._, hors d’état =de=; hors de service; rendu incapable =de=; (mil.) hors de combat; estropié; (nav.) désemparé. — soldier; _invalide_, _m._ =disa´bling=, _adj._, qui rend incapable; (jur.) qui frappe d’incapacité légale, qui rend inhabile. =disabuse´= (diss’a-biouze), _v.a._, désabuser. =disabus´ing=, _n._, désabusement, _m._ =disaccus´tom= (diss’ac’keus’teume), _v.a._, désaccoutumer, déshabituer. =disacknowl´edge=, _v.a._, renier, désavouer. =disacquain´tance= (diss’ac’kwé’n’t’-), _n._, (ant.) cessation de connaissance, _f._ =disadvan´tage= (diss’ad-vâ’n’tédje), _n._, désavantage, inconvénient, _m._; (loss) perte, _f._ At a —, to —; _avec désavantage_; _à son désavantage_; _à perte_. =disadvan´tage=, _v.a._, désavantager. =disadvanta´geous= (-té-djeusse), _adj._, désavantageux. =disadvanta´geously=, _adv._, désavantageusement. =disadvanta´geousness=, _n._, désavantage, _m._ =disaffect´= (diss’-), _v.a._, aliéner les esprits; indisposer, mécontenter; (disorder) déranger. =disaffect´ed= (-ède), _adj._, mal disposé; indisposé; mécontent. =disaffect´edly=, _adv._, avec désaffection, avec mécontentement. =disaffect´edness= _ou_ =disaffec´tion=, _n._, désaffection, _f._ =disaffirm´= (diss’af’feurme), _v.a._, nier, désavouer; (jur.) infirmer. =disaffirm´ance=, _n._, réfutation; (jur.) infirmation, _f._; rejet, _m._ =disaffor´est= (diss’af’for’èste), _v.a._, déclarer ne plus être forêt; (fig.) cultiver; (to denude) déboiser. =disag´gregate= (diss’ag’grî-), _v.a._, désagréger. =disaggrega´tion= (diss’ag’grî-ghé-), _n._, désagrégation, _f._ =disagree´= (diss’a-grî), _v.n._, différer; ne pas s’accorder; ne pas convenir =à=. To — with; _faire mal_ =à=; _incommoder_. To — with any one; _ne pas s’accorder_ =avec=, _être brouillé_ =avec= _quelqu’un_; _ne pas être de l’avis_ =de=. To — to; _ne pas accéder_ =à=; _refuser d’accéder_ =à=. My dinner disagreed with me; _mon dîner m’a fait mal_, ou _n’a pas bien passé_. =disagree´able= (diss’a-grî-a-b’l), _adj._, désagréable; fâcheux. =disagree´ableness=, _n._, désagrément, _m._, nature désagréable, _f._ =disagree´ably=, _adv._, désagréablement. =disagree´ment= (diss’a-grî-), _n._, différence, dissemblance, diversité, _f._; différend, désaccord, _m._; différence d’opinion; brouillerie, _f._ =disallow´= (diss’al’laou), _v.a._, désapprouver, rejeter, désavouer; ne pas admettre, refuser, défendre, interdire. =disallow´=, _v.n._, ne pas permettre. =disallow´able= (-a-b’l), _adj._, défendu, interdit; qui n’est pas permis; inadmissible. =disallow´ance=, _n._, défense, désapprobation; prohibition, _f._; refus d’admettre, _m._ =disappear´= (diss’ap’pîre), _v.a._, disparaître. =disappear´ance= (diss’-), _n._, disparition, _f._ =disappoint´= (diss’ap-pôï’n’te), _v.a._, contrarier; désappointer, désillusionner; frustrer; manquer de parole =à=; tromper; (to defeat) déconcerter, déjouer. He was —ed in love; _il a eu des chagrins d’amour_. =disappoint´ment= (diss’ap-pôï’n’t’-), _n._, contrariété, _f._; désappointement, _m._; espérance déçue, _f._; contretemps, mécompte, _m._ =disapproba´tion= (diss’ap-pro-bé-), _n._, désapprobation, _f._ =disap´probatory= (diss’ap-pro-ba-tori), _adj._, désapprobateur. =disapprove´= (diss’ap-prouve), _v.a._, désapprouver, blâmer. =disarm´= (diz’ârme), _v.a._, désarmer. =disarm´ing=, =disarm´ament=, _n._, désarmement, _m._ =disarrange´=, _v.a._, déranger, désajuster. =disarrange´ment= (diss’ar-ré’n’dje-), _n._, dérangement; désordre; désajustement, _m._ =disarray´= (diss’ar-ré), _v.a._, déshabiller; mettre en désarroi, en désordre; déranger. =disarray´=, _n._, désarroi, désordre, _m._; déroute, confusion, _f._ =disas´ter= (diz’-), _n._, désastre, malheur, sinistre, _m._ =disas´trous=, _adj._, désastreux. =disas´trously=, _adv._, désastreusement. =disas´trousness=, _n._, nature désastreuse, _f._ =disavow´= (diss’a-vaou), _v.a._, désavouer. =disavow´al=, _n._, désaveu, _m._ =disband´=, _v.a._, licencier; congédier; disperser. =disband´=, _v.n._, se séparer, se disperser, se débander, (milit.) être licencié. =disband´ing=, _n._, licenciement, _m._; (fig.) débandement, _m._; dispersion, _f._ =disbar´=, _v.a._, rayer du tableau des avocats. =disbelief´= (-bi-lîfe), _n._, incrédulité, _f._; manque de foi, _m._ =disbelieve´= (-bi-lîve), _v.a._, ne pas croire, refuser de croire. To — every word of; _ne pas croire un seul mot_ =de=. =disbeliev´er=, _n._, incrédule, _m.f._ =disbench´= (diz’bè’n’she), _v.a._, chasser de son siège, chasser de son banc (ant.); (jur.) rayer du tableau des avocats. =disbranch´= (diz’brâ’n’she), _v.a._, ébrancher. =disbud´= (diz’beude), _v.a._, ébourgeonner. =disbud´ding=, _n._, ébourgeonnement, _m._ =disbur´den= (diz’beur-d’n), _v.a._, décharger =de=; débarrasser =de=; alléger =de=; (fig.) ouvrir, soulager. To — one’s heart to; _ouvrir son cœur_ =à=. =disburse´= (diz’beurse), _v.a._, débourser, dépenser. =disburse´ment=, _n._, déboursement, _m._; déboursés, _m.pl._; mise de fonds, _f._; paiement, _m._; dépense, _f._ =disbur´ser=, _n._, personne qui débourse, _f._ =disc= (diske), _n._, disque, _m._ =discard´= (dis’cârde), _v.a._, congédier; écarter; mettre de côté; exclure, éliminer, supprimer; renvoyer; (to reject) rejeter, repousser. To —; (at cards) _faire son écart_, _écarter_. =discern´= (diz’zeurne), _v.a._, discerner, distinguer; (fig.) juger. =discern´er=, _n._, juge, observateur, _m._ =discern´ible= (diz’zeurn’i-b’l), _adj._, perceptible, visible, qui peut être discerné. =discern´ibleness=, _n._, visibilité, _f._ =discern´ibly=, _adv._, visiblement. =discern´ing=, _adj._, judicieux, éclairé, attentif. =discern´ingly=, _adv._, avec discernement. =discern´ment=, _n._, discernement; jugement, _m._ =discharge´= (dis-tshârdje), _n._, déchargement, _m._; émission, _f._; écoulement, _m._; (of fire-arms, etc.) décharge, volée, _f._; (of arrows) décochement, _m._; (from prison) mise en liberté, libération, _f._; élargissement; (of a duty) accomplissement, _m._, exécution, _f._; exercice; (of a servant) congé, _m._, (exemption) exemption de service, libération, _f._; (milit.) congé définitif, _m._; (payment) quittance, (med.) suppuration; (of bankrupts) réhabilitation, _m._ — pipe; _tuyau de décharge_, _m._ =discharge´= (dis-tshârdje), _v.a._, décharger; (a servant) congédier, renvoyer; (from confinement) (to let out) lâcher, laisser échapper; libérer, élargir; (a debt) acquitter, payer, liquider; (arrows) décocher, lancer; (fire-arms) décharger; (a duty) s’acquitter =de=, accomplir; (milit., nav.) congédier, (as unfit for service) réformer; (jur.) acquitter; (to emit) lancer, jeter; (from an oath, etc.) délier, exempter =de=, dispenser =de=. =dischar´ger=, _n._, qui décharge, qui congédie, _f._; (phys.) excitateur, _m._ =dischar´ging=, _n._, (nav.) désarmement, _m._ — pipe; _tuyau de décharge_; (nav.) _tuyau de vidange_, _m._ — rod; (electricity) _excitateur_, _m._ =disci´ple= (dis’çaï’p’l), _n._, disciple, _m._ =disci´ple=, _v.a._, enseigner, endoctriner, instruire. =disci´pleship=, _n._, état de disciple, _m._ =dis´ciplinable= (-a-b’l), _adj._, disciplinable; soumis à la discipline. =disciplina´rian= (-né-), _adj._, disciplinaire. =disciplina´rian=, _n._, personne rigide pour la discipline, _f._; (milit.) instructeur, _m._ To be a good —; _savoir tenir une classe_; _entendre bien la discipline_. =dis´ciplinary=, _adj._, disciplinaire. =dis´cipline=, _n._, discipline, _f._ =dis´cipline=, _v.a._, discipliner, former, instruire, accoutumer à l’ordre; (fig.) contenir, restreindre, tenir en laisse. =disclaim´= (dis-cléme), _v.a._, désavouer, renier, nier, répudier; se défendre =de=. =disclaim´er=, _n._, personne qui désavoue, qui renie, _f._; désaveu public, _m._ =disclose´= (-clôze), _v.a._, découvrir, révéler; divulguer; (fig.) mettre au jour, faire voir. =disclo´ser=, _n._, révélateur, _m._, révélatrice, _f._ =disclo´sure= (-clô’jeur), _n._, déclaration, révélation; découverte, divulgation, _f._ =discol´or= (dis’keul’leur), _v.a._, décolorer. =discolora´tion= (dis’keul’leur-é-), _n._, décoloration, _f._ =discom´fit= (dis-keu’m’fite), _n._, défaite, déroute; dispersion, _f._; renversement, _m._ =discom´fit=, _v.a._, défaire; mettre en déroute; mettre en fuite; disperser; vaincre; (fig.) dérouter, déconfire. =discom´fiture= (-’ioure), _n._, défaite, déroute, (fig.) déconfiture, _f._ =discom´fort= (-keu’m’feurte), _n._, désolation, affliction, gêne, douleur; privation, incommodité, _f._; désagrément, malaise, _m._ =discom´fort=, _v.a._, affliger; chagriner, incommoder, gêner, inquiéter; attrister. =discommend´=, _v.a._, blâmer, censurer. =discommend´able= (-’a-b’l), _adj._, blâmable, censurable. =discommend´ableness=, _n._, caractère blâmable, _m._ =discommenda´tion=, _n._, blâme, _m._ =discommend´er=, _n._, désapprobateur, censeur, _m._ =discommode´= (-môde), _v.a._ _V._ =incommode=. =discommo´dious=, _adj._, (ant.) incommode. =discom´mon=, _v.a._, priver du droit de vaine pâture. =discompose´= (-pôze), _v.a._, déranger, troubler; mettre hors de soi, agiter; irriter, chagriner; (of the features) défaire. =discompo´sure= (-pô’jeur), _n._, dérangement; trouble, désordre, _m._, agitation, _f._ =disconcert´= (-ceurte), _v.a._, déconcerter, troubler. =disconform´ity=, _n._, dissemblance, contradiction, _f._ =discongru´ity= (-grou-), _n._, disconvenance, _f._ =disconnect´=, _v.a._, désunir, séparer, diviser; (machinery) désembrayer. =disconnec´tion=, _n._, désunion, séparation, division, _f._ =discon´solate=, _adj._, inconsolable, désolé. =discon´solately=, _adv._, inconsolablement. =discon´solateness=, _n._, désolation, _f._ =discontent´=, _adj._, mécontent. =discontent´=, _n._, mécontentement, _m._ =discontent´=, _v.a._, mécontenter. =discontent´ed=, _adj._, mécontent =de= (with). =discontent´edly=, _adv._, avec mécontentement; à contre-cœur. =discontent´edness=, _n._, (ant.) mécontentement, _m._ =discontent´ing=, _adj._, peu satisfaisant. =discontent´ment=, _n._, mécontentement, _m._ =discontin´uance= (-’iou-) _ou_ =discontinua´tion= (-’iou-é-), _n._, cessation; discontinuation; (separation) discontinuité, _f._ =discontin´ue= (-ti’n’iou), _v.a._ and _n._, discontinuer. =discontinu´ity= (-niou-), _n._, discontinuité, _f._ =discontin´uous=, _adj._, (ant.) discontinu. =dis´cord=, =discor´dance=, _ou_ =discor´dancy=, _n._, discorde; (mus.) dissonance, _f._; discordance, _f._ =discor´dant=, _adj._, discordant, en désaccord. =discor´dantly=, _adv._, sans accord; d’une manière discordante. =dis´count= (dis-caou’n’te), _n._, escompte, _m._; (abatement) remise, diminution de prix, _f._; rabais, _m._; (arith.) règle d’escompte, _f._ At a —; _déprécié_; _au rabais_; _en baisse_; _à perte_; (fig.) _en défaveur_, _décrédité_, _tombé_. To be at a —; _ne pas valoir cher_. — bank; _comptoir d’escompte_, _m._ =dis´count=, _v.a._, déduire; décompter; retrancher; (allow) faire une remise =de=; (com.) escompter. To — one’s losses; _faire la part du feu_. =dis´count=, _v.n._, (com.) faire l’escompte. =discount´able= (-a-b’l), _adj._, escomptable. =discoun´tenance= (-tè-), _n._, défaveur, _f._; mauvais accueil, _m._; froideur, _f._ =discoun´tenance=, _v.a._, décontenancer, désapprouver, décourager, recevoir froidement; (fig.) s’opposer =à=; combattre. =dis´counter=, _n._, (com.) escompteur, _m._ =dis´counting=, _n._, escompte, _m._ =discour´age= (-keur’édje), _v.a._, décourager, rebuter; détourner, dissuader. =discour´agement=, _n._, découragement, _m._ =discour´ager=, _n._, personne qui décourage, _f._ =discourse´= (-côrse), _n._, discours; traité; entretien, langage, propos, _m._; conversation, _f._ =discourse´=, _v.n._, discourir =de= _ou_ =sur=; parler =de= _ou_ =sur=; s’entretenir =de=; raisonner =de=; traiter =de=. To — in public; _parler en public_. =discour´ser=, _n._, discoureur, _m._ =discour´sive=, _adj._, discursif; dialogué. =discour´teous= (-kôrt’ieusse), _adj._, impoli, incivil; discourtois. =discour´teously=, _adv._, discourtoisement, impoliment, incivilement. =discour´tesy= (-keur-té-ci), _n._, impolitesse; discourtoisie, _f._ =discov´er= (-keuv’-), _v.a._, découvrir; révéler; montrer; constater; faire voir; voir, apercevoir; laisser percer; s’apercevoir =de=. =discov´erable= (-a-b’l), _adj._, qui peut être découvert; facile à découvrir; visible; apparent. =discov´erer=, _n._, auteur d’une découverte; révélateur, _m._, révélatrice, _f._ =discov´ery=, _n._, découverte, révélation, _f._, scandale, éclat, _m._ =discred´it= (dis-crèd’ite), _n._, discrédit; déconsidération; déshonneur, _m._, honte, _f._ =discred´it=, _v.a._, ne pas croire; décréditer; déshonorer; discréditer, déconsidérer. =discred´itable= (-a-b’l), _adj._, peu honorable; compromettant; déshonorant; honteux. =discreet´= (dis’crîte), _adj._, discret, prudent, circonspect, sage. =discreet´ly=, _adv._, discrètement, sagement, prudemment. =discreet´ness=, _n._, discrétion, _f._ =discrep´ance= _ou_ =discrep´ancy= (-crèp’-), _n._, différence, contradiction, _f._ =discrep´ant=, _adj._, différent; opposé; en contradiction =avec=. =discrete´= (dis’crîte), _adj._, séparé, discret; (arith.) simple. =discre´tion= (-krèsh’eune), _n._, discrétion, prudence, sagesse, _f._; jugement, discernement, _m._ Years of —; _âge de discrétion_, _de raison_, _m._ To surrender at —; _se rendre à discrétion_. To use one’s own —; _faire ce que l’on juge à propos_, _faire à sa guise_. =discre´tional=. _V._ =discretionary=. =discre´tionary= (-krèsh’-), _adj._, discrétionnaire, facultatif. — power; (jur.) _pouvoir discrétionnaire_; _pouvoir illimité_, _m._ =discre´tionally= _ou_ =discre´tionarily=, _adv._, à discrétion, à la discrétion, au jugement de quelqu’un. =discre´tive= (-crî-), _adj._, disjonctif; séparé, distinct, (med.) discret. =discre´tively=, _adv._, d’une manière disjonctive. =discrim´inable= (-na-b