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Page 1

A.

A

A (named \'be in the English, and most commonly \'84 in other languages). The first letter of the English and of many other alphabets. The capital A of the alphabets of Middle and Western Europe, as also the small letter (a), besides the forms in Italic, black letter, etc., are all descended from the old Latin A, which was borrowed from the Greek Alpha, of the same form; and this was made from the first letter (Aleph, and itself from the Egyptian origin. The Aleph was a consonant letter, with a guttural breath sound that was not an element of Greek articulation; and the Greeks took it to represent their vowel Alpha with the \'84 sound, the Ph\'d2nician alphabet having no vowel symbols. This letter, in English, is used for several different vowel sounds. See Guide to pronunciation, §§ 43-74. The regular long a, as in fate, etc., is a comparatively modern sound, and has taken the place of what, till about the early part of the 17th century, was a sound of the quality of \'84 (as in far).

2. (Mus.) The name of the sixth tone in the model major scale (that in C), or the first tone of the minor scale, which is named after it the scale in A minor. The second string of the violin is tuned to the A in the treble staff. -- A sharp (A#) is the name of a musical tone intermediate between A and B. -- A flat (A♭) is the name of a tone intermediate between A and G. A per se (L. per se by itself), one pre\'89minent; a nonesuch. [Obs.]

O fair Creseide, the flower and A per se Of Troy and Greece. Chaucer.

A

A (# emph. #).

1. [Shortened form of an. AS. \'ben one. See One.] An adjective, commonly called the indefinite article, and signifying one or any, but less emphatically. "At a birth"; "In a word"; "At a blow". Shak. It is placed before nouns of the singular number denoting an individual object, or a quality individualized, before collective nouns, and also before plural nouns when the adjective few or the phrase great many or good many is interposed; as, a dog, a house, a man; a color; a sweetness; a hundred, a fleet, a regiment; a few persons, a great many days. It is used for an, for the sake of euphony, before words beginning with a consonant sound [for exception of certain words beginning with h, see An]; as, a table, a woman, a year, a unit, a eulogy, a ewe, a oneness, such a one, etc. Formally an was used both before vowels and consonants.

2. [Originally the preposition a (an, on).] In each; to or for each; as, "twenty leagues a day", "a hundred pounds a year", "a dollar a yard", etc.

A

A (#), prep. [Abbreviated form of an (AS. on). See On.]

1. In; on; at; by. [Obs.] "A God's name." "Torn a pieces." "Stand a tiptoe." "A Sundays" Shak. "Wit that men have now a days." Chaucer. "Set them a work." Robynson (More's Utopia)

2. In process of; in the act of; into; to; -- used with verbal substantives in -ing which begin with a consonant. This is a shortened form of the preposition an (which was used before the vowel sound); as in a hunting, a building, a begging. "Jacob, when he was a dying" Heb. xi. 21. "We'll a birding together." " It was a doing." Shak. "He burst out a laughing." Macaulay. The hyphen may be used to connect a with the verbal substantive (as, a-hunting, a-building) or the words may be written separately. This form of expression is now for the most part obsolete, the a being omitted and the verbal substantive treated as a participle.

A

A. [From AS. of off, from. See Of.] Of. [Obs.] "The name of John a Gaunt." "What time a day is it ?" Shak. "It's six a clock." B. Jonson.

A

A. A barbarous corruption of have, of he, and sometimes of it and of they. "So would I a done" "A brushes his hat." Shak.

A

A. An expletive, void of sense, to fill up the meter
A merry heart goes all the day, Your sad tires in a mile-a. Shak.

A-.

A-. A, as a prefix to English words, is derived from various sources. (1) It frequently signifies on or in (from an, a forms of AS. on), denoting a state, as in afoot, on foot, abed, amiss, asleep, aground, aloft, away (AS. onweg), and analogically, ablaze, atremble, etc. (2) AS. of off, from, as in adown (AS. ofd\'81ne off the dun or hill). (3) AS. \'be- (Goth. us-, ur-, Ger. er-), usually giving an intensive force, and sometimes the sense of away, on, back, as in arise, abide, ago. (4) Old English y- or i- (corrupted from the AS. inseparable particle ge-, cognate with OHG. ga-, gi-, Goth. ga-), which, as a prefix, made no essential addition to the meaning, as in aware. (5) French \'85 (L. ad to), as in abase, achieve. (6) L. a, ab, abs, from, as in avert. (7) Greek insep. prefix α without, or privative, not, as in abyss, atheist; akin to E. un-. Besides these, there are other sources from which the prefix a takes its origin.

A 1

A 1 (#). A registry mark given by underwriters (as at Lloyd's) to ships in first-class condition. Inferior grades are indicated by A 2 and A 3. A 1 is also applied colloquially to other things to imply superiority; prime; first-class; first-rate.

Aam

Aam (#), n. [D. aam, fr. LL. ama; cf. L. hama a water bucket, Gr. A Dutch and German measure of liquids, varying in different cities, being at Amsterdam about 41 wine gallons, at Antwerp 36\'ab, at Hamburg 38\'ac. [Written also Aum and Awm.]

Aard-vark

Aard"-vark` (#), n. [D., earth-pig.] (Zo\'94l.) An edentate mammal, of the genus Orycteropus, somewhat resembling a pig, common in some parts of Southern Africa. It burrows in the ground, and feeds entirely on ants, which it catches with its long, slimy tongue.

Aard-wolf

Aard"-wolf` (#), n. [D, earth-wolf] (Zo\'94l.) A carnivorous quadruped (Proteles Lalandii), of South Africa, resembling the fox and hyena. See Proteles.

Aaronic, Aaronical

Aa*ron"ic (#), Aa*ron"ic*al (#), a. Pertaining to Aaron, the first high priest of the Jews.

Aaron's rod

Aar"on's rod` (#). [See Exodus vii. 9 and Numbers xvii. 8]

1. (Arch.) A rod with one serpent twined around it, thus differing from the caduceus of Mercury, which has two.

2. (Bot.) A plant with a tall flowering stem; esp. the great mullein, or hag-taper, and the golden-rod.

Ab-

Ab- (#). [Latin prep., etymologically the same as E. of, off. See Of.] A prefix in many words of Latin origin. It signifies from, away , separating, or departure, as in abduct, abstract, abscond. See A-(6).

Ab

Ab (#), n. [Of Syriac origin.] The fifth month of the Jewish year according to the ecclesiastical reckoning, the eleventh by the civil computation, coinciding nearly with August. W. Smith.

Abaca

Ab"a*ca (#), n. [The native name.] The Manila-hemp plant (Musa textilis); also, its fiber. See Manila hemp under Manila.

Abacinate

A*bac"i*nate (#), v.t. [LL. abacinatus, p.p. of abacinare; ab off + bacinus a basin.] To blind by a red-hot metal plate held before the eyes. [R.]

Abacination

A*bac`i*na"tion (#), n. The act of abacinating. [R.]

Abaciscus

Ab`a*cis"cus (#), n. [Gr.Abacus.] (Arch.) One of the tiles or squares of a tessellated pavement; an abaculus.

Abacist

Ab"a*cist (#), n. [LL abacista, fr. abacus.] One who uses an abacus in casting accounts; a calculator.

Aback

A*back" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + back; AS. on b\'91c at, on, or toward the back. See Back.]

1. Toward the back or rear; backward. "Therewith aback she started." Chaucer.

2. Behind; in the rear. Knolles.

3. (Naut.) Backward against the mast;-said of the sails when pressed by the wind. Totten. To be taken aback. (a) To be driven backward against the mast; -- said of the sails, also of the ship when the sails are thus driven. (b) To be suddenly checked, baffled, or discomfited. Dickens.

Aback

Ab"ack (#), n. An abacus. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Abactinal

Ab*ac"ti*nal (#), a. [L. ab + E. actinal.] (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the surface or end opposite to the mouth in a radiate animal; -- opposed to actinal. "The aboral or abactinal area." L. Agassiz.

Abaction

Ab*ac"tion (#), n. Stealing cattle on a large scale. [Obs.]

Abactor

Ab*ac"tor (#), n. [L., fr. abigere to drive away; ab+agere to drive.] (Law) One who steals and drives away cattle or beasts by herds or droves. [Obs.]

Abaculus

A*bac"u*lus (#), n.; pl. Abaculi (#). [L., dim. of abacus.] (Arch.) A small tile of glass, marble, or other substance, of various colors, used in making ornamental patterns in mosaic pavements. Fairholt.

Abacus

Ab"a*cus (#), n.>; E. pl. Abacuses ; L. pl. Abaci (#). [L. abacus, abax, Gr.

1. A table or tray strewn with sand, anciently used for drawing, calculating, etc. [Obs.]

2. A calculating table or frame; an instrument for performing arithmetical calculations by balls sliding on wires, or counters in grooves, the lowest line representing units, the second line, tens, etc. It is still employed in China.

3. (Arch.) (a) The uppermost member or division of the capital of a column, immediately under the architrave. See Column. (b) A tablet, panel, or compartment in ornamented or mosaic work.

4. A board, tray, or table, divided into perforated compartments, for holding cups, bottles, or the like; a kind of cupboard, buffet, or sideboard. Abacus harmonicus (Mus.), an ancient diagram showing the structure and disposition of the keys of an instrument. Crabb.

Abada

Ab"a*da (#), n. [Pg., the female rhinoceros.] The rhinoceros. [Obs.] Purchas.

Abaddon

A*bad"don (#), n. [Heb. \'bebadd\'d3n destruction, abyss, fr. \'bebad to be lost, to perish.]

1. The destroyer, or angel of the bottomless pit; -- the same as Apollyon and Asmodeus.

2. Hell; the bottomless pit. [Poetic]

In all her gates, Abaddon rues Thy bold attempt. Milton.

Abaft

A*baft" (#), prep. [Pref. a-on + OE. baft, baften, biaften, AS. be\'91ftan; be by + \'91ftan behind. See After, Aft, By.] (Naut.) Behind; toward the stern from; as, abaft the wheelhouse. Abaft the beam. See under Beam.

Abaft

A*baft", adv. (Naut.) Toward the stern; aft; as, to go abaft.

Abaisance

A*bai"sance (#), n. [For obeisance; confused with F. abaisser, E. abase] Obeisance. [Obs.] Jonson.

Abaiser

A*bai"ser (#), n. Ivory black or animal charcoal. Weale.
Page 2

Abaist

A*baist" (#), p.p. Abashed; confounded; discomfited. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Abalienate

Ab*al"ien*ate (#), v.t. [L. abalienatus, p.p. of abalienare; ab + alienus foreign, alien. See Alien.]

1. (Civil Law) To transfer the title of from one to another; to alienate.

2. To estrange; to withdraw. [Obs.]

3. To cause alienation of (mind). Sandys.

Abalienation

Ab*al`ien*a"tion (#), n. [L. abalienatio: cf. F. abalianation.] The act of abalienating; alienation; estrangement. [Obs.]

Abalone

Ab`a*lo"ne (#), n. (Zo\'94l.) A univalve mollusk of the genus Haliotis. The shell is lined with mother-of-pearl, and used for ornamental purposes; the sea-ear. Several large species are found on the coast of California, clinging closely to the rocks.

Aband

A*band" (#), v.t. [Contracted from abandon.]

1. To abandon. [Obs.]

Enforced the kingdom to aband. Spenser.

2. To banish; to expel. [Obs.] Mir. for Mag.

Abandon

A*ban"don (#), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abandoned (#); p.pr. & vb.n. Abandoning.] [OF. abandoner, F.abandonner; a (L. ad)+bandon permission, authority, LL. bandum, bannum, public proclamation, interdiction, bannire to proclaim, summon: of Germanic origin; cf. Goth. bandwjan to show by signs, to designate OHG. banproclamation. The word meant to proclaim, put under a ban, put under control; hence, as in OE., to compel, subject, or to leave in the control of another, and hence, to give up. See Ban.]

1. To cast or drive out; to banish; to expel; to reject. [Obs.]

That he might . . . abandon them from him. Udall.
Being all this time abandoned from your bed. Shak.

2. To give up absolutely; to forsake entirely ; to renounce utterly; to relinquish all connection with or concern on; to desert, as a person to whom one owes allegiance or fidelity; to quit; to surrender.

Hope was overthrown, yet could not be abandoned. I. Taylor.

3. Reflexively : To give (one's self) up without attempt at self-control ; to yield (one's self) unrestrainedly ; -- often in a bad sense.

He abandoned himself . . . to his favorite vice. Macaulay.

4. (Mar. Law) To relinquish all claim to; -- used when an insured person gives up to underwriters all claim to the property covered by a policy, which may remain after loss or damage by a peril insured against. Syn. -- To give up; yield; forego; cede; surrender; resign; abdicate; quit; relinquish; renounce; desert; forsake; leave; retire; withdraw from. -- To Abandon, Desert, Forsake. These words agree in representing a person as giving up or leaving some object, but differ as to the mode of doing it. The distinctive sense of abandon is that of giving up a thing absolutely and finally; as, to abandon one's friends, places, opinions, good or evil habits, a hopeless enterprise, a shipwrecked vessel. Abandon is more widely applicable than forsake or desert. The Latin original of desert appears to have been originally applied to the case of deserters from military service. Hence, the verb, when used of persons in the active voice, has usually or always a bad sense, implying some breach of fidelity, honor, etc., the leaving of something which the person should rightfully stand by and support; as, to desert one's colors, to desert one's post, to desert one's principles or duty. When used in the passive, the sense is not necessarily bad; as, the fields were deserted, a deserted village, deserted halls. Forsake implies the breaking off of previous habit, association, personal connection, or that the thing left had been familiar or frequented; as, to forsake old friends, to forsake the paths of rectitude, the blood forsook his cheeks. It may be used either in a good or in a bad sense.

Abandon

A*ban"don, n. [F. abandon. fr. abandonner. See Abandon, v.] Abandonment; relinquishment. [Obs.]

Abandon

A`ban`don" (#), n. [F. See Abandon.] A complete giving up to natural impulses; freedom from artificial constraint; careless freedom or ease.

Abandoned

A*ban"doned (#), a.

1. Forsaken, deserted. "Your abandoned streams." Thomson.

2. Self-abandoned, or given up to vice; extremely wicked, or sinning without restraint; irreclaimably wicked ; as, an abandoned villain. Syn. -- Profligate; dissolute; corrupt; vicious; depraved; reprobate; wicked; unprincipled; graceless; vile. -- Abandoned, Profligate, Reprobate. These adjectives agree in expressing the idea of great personal depravity. Profligate has reference to open and shameless immoralities, either in private life or political conduct; as, a profligate court, a profligate ministry. Abandoned is stronger, and has reference to the searing of conscience and hardening of heart produced by a man's giving himself wholly up to iniquity; as, a man of abandoned character. Reprobate describes the condition of one who has become insensible to reproof, and who is morally abandoned and lost beyond hope of recovery.

God gave them over to a reprobate mind. Rom. i. 28.

Abandonedly

A*ban"doned*ly, adv. Unrestrainedly.

Abandonee

A*ban`don*ee" (#), n. (Law) One to whom anything is legally abandoned.

Abandoner

A*ban"don*er (#), n. One who abandons. Beau. & Fl.

Abandonment

A*ban"don*ment (#), n. [Cf. F. abandonnement.]

1. The act of abandoning, or the state of being abandoned; total desertion; relinquishment.

The abandonment of the independence of Europe. Burke.

2. (Mar. Law) The relinquishment by the insured to the underwriters of what may remain of the property insured after a loss or damage by a peril insured against.

3. (Com. Law) (a) The relinquishment of a right, claim, or privilege, as to mill site, etc. (b) The voluntary leaving of a person to whom one is bound by a special relation, as a wife, husband, or child; desertion.

4. Careless freedom or ease; abandon. [R.] Carlyle.

Abandum

A*ban"*dum (#), n. [LL. See Abandon.] (Law) Anything forfeited or confiscated.

Abanet

Ab"a*net (#), n. See Abnet.

Abanga

A*ban"ga (#), n. [Name given by the negroes in the island of St. Thomas.] A West Indian palm; also the fruit of this palm, the seeds of which are used as a remedy for diseases of the chest.

Abannation, Abannition

Ab`an*na"tion (#), Ab`an*nition (#), n. [LL. abannatio; ad + LL. bannire to banish.] (Old Law) Banishment. [Obs.] Bailey.

Abarticulation

Ab`ar*tic`u*la"tion (#), n. [L. ab + E. articulation : cf. F. abarticulation. See Article.] (Anat.) Articulation, usually that kind of articulation which admits of free motion in the joint; diarthrosis. Coxe.

Abase

A*base" (#), v.t. [imp.&p.p. Abased (#); p.pr. & vb. n. Abasing.] [F. abaisser, LL. abassare, abbassare ; ad + bassare, fr. bassus low. See Base, a.]

1. To lower or depress; to throw or cast down; as, to abase the eye. [Archaic] Bacon.

Saying so, he abased his lance. Shelton.

2. To cast down or reduce low or lower, as in rank, office, condition in life, or estimation of worthiness; to depress; to humble; to degrade.

Whosoever exalteth himself shall be abased. Luke xiv. ll.
Syn. -- To Abase, Debase, Degrade. These words agree in the idea of bringing down from a higher to a lower state. Abase has reference to a bringing down in condition or feelings; as to abase one's self before God. Debase has reference to the bringing down of a thing in purity, or making it base. It is, therefore, always used in a bad sense, as, to debase the coin of the kingdom, to debase the mind by vicious indulgence, to debase one's style by coarse or vulgar expressions. Degrade has reference to a bringing down from some higher grade or from some standard. Thus, a priest is degraded from the clerical office. When used in a moral sense, it denotes a bringing down in character and just estimation; as, degraded by intemperance, a degrading employment, etc. "Art is degraded when it is regarded only as a trade."

Abased

A*based" (#), a.

1. Lowered; humbled.

2. (Her.) [F. abaiss\'82.] Borne lower than usual, as a fess; also, having the ends of the wings turned downward towards the point of the shield.

Abasedly

A*bas"ed*ly (#), adv. Abjectly; downcastly.

Abasement

A*base"ment (#), n. [Cf. F. abaissement.] The act of abasing, humbling, or bringing low; the state of being abased or humbled; humiliation.

Abaser

A*bas"er (#), n. He who, or that which, abases.

Abash

A*bash" (#), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abashed (#); p.pr. & vb. n. Abashing.] [OE. abaissen, abaisshen, abashen, OF.esbahir, F. \'82bahir, to astonish, fr. L. ex + the interjection bah, expressing astonishment. In OE. somewhat confused with abase. Cf. Finish.] To destroy the self-possession of; to confuse or confound, as by exciting suddenly a consciousness of guilt, mistake, or inferiority; to put to shame; to disconcert; to discomfit.
Abashed, the devil stood, And felt how awful goodness is. Milton.
He was a man whom no check could abash. Macaulay.
Syn. -- To confuse; confound; disconcert; shame. -- To Abash, Confuse, Confound. Abash is a stronger word than confuse, but not so strong as confound. We are abashed when struck either with sudden shame or with a humbling sense of inferiority; as, Peter was abashed in the presence of those who are greatly his superiors. We are confused when, from some unexpected or startling occurrence, we lose clearness of thought and self-possession. Thus, a witness is often confused by a severe cross-examination; a timid person is apt to be confused in entering a room full of strangers. We are confounded when our minds are overwhelmed, as it were, by something wholly unexpected, amazing, dreadful, etc., so that we have nothing to say. Thus, a criminal is usually confounded at the discovery of his guilt.
Satan stood Awhile as mute, confounded what to say. Milton.

Abashedly

A*bash"ed*ly (#), adv. In an abashed manner.

Abashment

A*bash"ment (#), n. [Cf. F. \'82bahissement.] The state of being abashed; confusion from shame.

Abassi, Abassis

A*bas"si (#), A*bas"sis (#), n. [Ar.& Per. ab\'bes\'c6, belonging to Abas (a king of Persia).] A silver coin of Persia, worth about twenty cents.

Abatable

A*bat"a*ble (#), a. Capable of being abated; as, an abatable writ or nuisance.

Abate

A*bate" (#), v.t. [imp.& p.p. Abated, p.pr. & vb.n. Abating.] [OF. abatre to beat down, F. abattre, LL. abatere; ab or ad + batere, battere (popular form for L. batuere to beat). Cf. Bate, Batter.]

1. To beat down; to overthrow. [Obs.]

The King of Scots . . . sore abated the walls. Edw. Hall.

2. To bring down or reduce from a higher to a lower state, number, or degree; to lessen; to diminish; to contract; to moderate; toto cut short; as, to abate a demand; to abate pride, zeal, hope.

His eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated. Deut. xxxiv. 7.

3. To deduct; to omit; as, to abate something from a price.

Nine thousand parishes, abating the odd hundreds. Fuller.

4. To blunt. [Obs.]

To abate the edge of envy. Bacon.

5. To reduce in estimation; to deprive. [Obs.]

She hath abated me of half my train. Shak.

6. (Law) (a) To bring entirely down or put an end to; to do away with; as, to abate a nuisance, to abate a writ. (b) (Eng. Law) To diminish; to reduce. Legacies are liable to be abated entirely or in proportion, upon a deficiency of assets. To abate a tax, to remit it either wholly or in part.

Abate

A*bate" (#), v.i. [See Abate, v.t.]

1. To decrease, or become less in strength or violence; as, pain abates, a storm abates.

The fury of Glengarry . . . rapidly abated. Macaulay.

2. To be defeated, or come to naught; to fall through; to fail; as, a writ abates. To abate into a freehold, To abate in lands (Law), to enter into a freehold after the death of the last possessor, and before the heir takes possession. See Abatement, 4. Syn. -- To subside; decrease; intermit; decline; diminish; lessen. -- To Abate, Subside. These words, as here compared, imply a coming down from some previously raised or exited state. Abate expresses this in respect to degrees, and implies a diminution of force or of intensity; as, the storm abates, the cold abates, the force of the wind abates; or, the wind abates, a fever abates. Subside (to settle down) has reference to a previous state of agitation or commotion; as, the waves subside after a storm, the wind subsides into a calm. When the words are used figuratively, the same distinction should be observed. If we conceive of a thing as having different degrees of intensity or strength, the word to be used is abate. Thus we say, a man's anger abates, the ardor of one's love abates, "Winter rage abates". But if the image be that of a sinking down into quiet from preceding excitement or commotion, the word to be used is subside; as, the tumult of the people subsides, the public mind subsided into a calm. The same is the case with those emotions which are tumultuous in their nature; as, his passion subsides, his joy quickly subsided, his grief subsided into a pleasing melancholy. Yet if, in such cases, we were thinking of the degree of violence of the emotion, we might use abate; as, his joy will abate in the progress of time; and so in other instances.

Abate

A*bate (#), n. Abatement. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Abatement

A*bate"ment (#), n. [OF. abatement, F. abattement.]

1. The act of abating, or the state of being abated; a lessening, diminution, or reduction; removal or putting an end to; as, the abatement of a nuisance is the suppression thereof.

2. The amount abated; that which is taken away by way of reduction; deduction; decrease; a rebate or discount allowed.

3. (Her.) A mark of dishonor on an escutcheon.

4. (Law) The entry of a stranger, without right, into a freehold after the death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee. Blackstone. Defense in abatement, Plea in abatement, (Law), plea to the effect that from some formal defect (e.g. misnomer, want of jurisdiction) the proceedings should be abated.

Abater

A*bat"er (#), n. One who, or that which, abates.

Abatis, Abattis

Ab"a*tis, Aba"t*tis, (#) n. [F. abatis, abattis, mass of things beaten or cut down, fr. abattre. See Abate.] (Fort.) A means of defense formed by felled trees, the ends of whose branches are sharpened and directed outwards, or against the enemy.

Abatised

Ab"a*tised (#), a. Provided with an abatis.

Abator

A*ba"tor (#), n. (Law) (a) One who abates a nuisance. (b) A person who, without right, enters into a freehold on the death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee. Blackstone.

Abattoir

A`bat`toir" (#), n.; pl. Abattoirs (#). [F., fr. abattre to beat down. See Abate.] A public slaughterhouse for cattle, sheep, etc.

Abature

Ab"a*ture (#), n. [F. abatture, fr. abattre. See Abate.] Grass and sprigs beaten or trampled down by a stag passing through them. Crabb.

Abatvoix

A`bat`voix" (#), n. [F. abattre to beat down + voix voice.] The sounding-board over a pulpit or rostrum.

Abawed

Ab*awed" (#), p.p. [Perh. p.p. of a verb fr. OF. abaubir to frighten, disconcert, fr. L. ad + balbus stammering.] Astonished; abashed. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Abaxial, Abaxile

Ab*ax"i*al (#), Ab*ax"ile (#), a. [L. ab + axis axle.] (Bot.) Away from the axis or central line; eccentric. Balfour.

Abay

A*bay" (#), n. [OF. abay barking.] Barking; baying of dogs upon their prey. See Bay. [Obs.]

Abb

Abb (#), n. [AS. \'beweb, \'beb; pref. a- + web. See Web.] Among weaves, yarn for the warp. Hence, abb wool is wool for the abb.

Abba

Ab"ba (#), n. [Syriac abb\'be father. See Abbot.] Father; religious superior; -- in the Syriac, Coptic, and Ethiopic churches, a title given to the bishops, and by the bishops to the patriarch.

Abbacy

Ab"ba*cy (#), n.; pl. Abbacies (#). [L. abbatia, fr. abbas, abbatis, abbot. See Abbey.] The dignity, estate, or jurisdiction of an abbot.

Abbatial

Ab*ba"tial (#), a. [LL. abbatialis : cf. F. abbatial.] Belonging to an abbey; as, abbatial rights.

Abbatical

Ab*bat"ic*al (#), a. Abbatial. [Obs.]

Abb\'82

Ab"b\'82` (#), n.[F. abb\'82. See Abbot.] The French word answering to the English abbot, the head of an abbey; but commonly a title of respect given in France to every one vested with the ecclesiastical habit or dress. \'b5 After the 16th century, the name was given, in social parlance, to candidates for some priory or abbey in the gift of the crown. Many of these aspirants became well known in literary and fashionable life. By further extension, the name came to be applied to unbeneficed secular ecclesiastics generally. Littr\'82.

Abbess

Ab"bess (#), n. [OF.abaesse, abeesse, F. abbesse, L. abbatissa, fem. of abbas, abbatis, abbot. See Abbot.] A female superior or governess of a nunnery, or convent of nuns, having the same authority over the nuns which the abbots have over the monks. See Abbey.

Abbey

Ab"bey (#), n.; pl. Abbeys (#). [OF. aba\'8be, F. abbaye, L. abbatia, fr. abbas abbot. See Abbot.]

1. A monastery or society of persons of either sex, secluded from the world and devoted to religion and celibacy; also, the monastic building or buildings. &hand; The men are called monks, and governed by an abbot; the women are called nuns, and governed by an abbess.

2. The church of a monastery.


Page 3

In London, the Abbey means Westminster Abbey, and in Scotland, the precincts of the Abbey of Holyrood. The name is also retained for a private residence on the site of an abbey; as, Newstead Abbey, the residence of Lord Byron. Syn. -- Monastery; convent; nunnery; priory; cloister. See Cloister.

Abbot

Ab"bot (#), n. [AS. abbod, abbad, L. abbas, abbatis, Gr. abb\'be father. Cf. Abba, Abb\'90.]

1. The superior or head of an abbey.

2. One of a class of bishops whose sees were formerly abbeys. Encyc. Brit. Abbot of the people. a title formerly given to one of the chief magistrates in Genoa. -- Abbot of Misrule (or Lord of Misrule), in medi\'91val times, the master of revels, as at Christmas; in Scotland called the Abbot of Unreason. Encyc. Brit.

Abbotship

Ab"bot*ship (#), n. [Abbot + -ship.] The state or office of an abbot.

Abbreviate

Ab*bre"vi*ate (#), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abbreviated (#); p.pr. & vb.n. Abbreviating.] [L. abbreviatus, p.p. of abbreviare; ad + breviare to shorten, fr. brevis short. See Abridge.]

1. To make briefer; to shorten; to abridge; to reduce by contraction or omission, especially of words written or spoken.

It is one thing to abbreviate by contracting, another by cutting off. Bacon.

2. (Math.) To reduce to lower terms, as a fraction.

Abbreviate

Ab*bre"vi*ate (#), a. [L. abbreviatus, p.p.]

1. Abbreviated; abridged; shortened. [R.] "The abbreviate form." Earle.

2. (Biol.) Having one part relatively shorter than another or than the ordinary type.

Abbreviate

Ab*bre"vi*ate, n. An abridgment. [Obs.] Elyot.

Abbreviated

Ab*bre"vi*a`ted (#), a. Shortened; relatively short; abbreviate.

Abbreviation

Ab*bre`vi*a"tion (#), n. [LL. abbreviatio: cf. F. abbr\'82viation.]

1. The act of shortening, or reducing.

2. The result of abbreviating; an abridgment. Tylor.

3. The form to which a word or phrase is reduced by contraction and omission; a letter or letters, standing for a word or phrase of which they are a part; as, Gen. for Genesis; U.S.A. for United States of America.

4. (Mus.) One dash, or more, through the stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers, semiquavers, or demi-semiquavers. Moore.

Abbreviator

Ab*bre"vi*a`tor (#), n. [LL.: cf. F. abbr\'82viateur.]

1. One who abbreviates or shortens.

2. One of a college of seventy-two officers of the papal court whose duty is to make a short minute of a decision on a petition, or reply of the pope to a letter, and afterwards expand the minute into official form.

Abbreviatory

Ab*bre"vi*a*to*ry (#), a. Serving or tending to abbreviate; shortening; abridging.

Abbreviature

Ab*bre"vi*a*ture (#), n.

1. An abbreviation; an abbreviated state or form. [Obs.]

2. An abridgment; a compendium or abstract.

This is an excellent abbreviature of the whole duty of a Christian. Jer. Taylor.

Abb wool

Abb" wool (#). See Abb.

A B C

A B C" (#).

1. The first three letters of the alphabet, used for the whole alphabet.

2. A primer for teaching the alphabet and first elements of reading. [Obs.]

3. The simplest rudiments of any subject; as, the A B C of finance. A B C book, a primer. Shak.

Abdal

Ab"dal (#), n. [Ar. bad\'c6l, pl. abd\'bel, a substitute, a good, religious man, saint, fr. badala to change, substitute.] A religious devotee or dervish in Persia.

Abderian

Ab*de"ri*an (#), a. [From Abdera, a town in Thrace, of which place Democritus, the Laughing Philosopher, was a native.] Given to laughter; inclined to foolish or incessant merriment.

Abderite

Ab*de"rite (#), n. [L. Abderita, Abderites, fr. Gr. ' An inhabitant of Abdera, in Thrace. The Abderite, Democritus, the Laughing Philosopher.

Abdest

Ab"dest (#), n. [Per. \'bebdast; ab water + dast hand.] Purification by washing the hands before prayer; -- a Mohammedan rite. Heyse.

Abdicable

Ab"di*ca*ble (#), a. Capable of being abdicated.

Abdicant

Ab"di*cant (#), a. [L. abdicans, p.pr. of abdicare.] Abdicating; renouncing; -- followed by of.
Monks abdicant of their orders. Whitlock.

Abdicant

Ab"di*cant, n. One who abdicates. Smart.

Abdicate

Ab"di*cate (#), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abdicated (#); p.pr. & vb.n. Abdicating.] [L. abdicatus, p.p. of abdicare; ab + dicare to proclaim, akin to dicere to say. See Diction.]

1. To surrender or relinquish, as sovereign power; to withdraw definitely from filling or exercising, as a high office, station, dignity; as, to abdicate the throne, the crown, the papacy. &hand; The word abdicate was held to mean, in the case of James II., to abandon without a formal surrender.

The cross-bearers abdicated their service. Gibbon.

2. To renounce; to relinquish; -- said of authority, a trust, duty, right, etc.

He abdicates all right to be his own governor. Burke.
The understanding abdicates its functions. Froude.

3. To reject; to cast off. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

4. (Civil Law) To disclaim and expel from the family, as a father his child; to disown; to disinherit. Syn. -- To give up; quit; vacate; relinquish; forsake; abandon; resign; renounce; desert. -- To Abdicate, Resign. Abdicate commonly expresses the act of a monarch in voluntary and formally yielding up sovereign authority; as, to abdicate the government. Resign is applied to the act of any person, high or low, who gives back an office or trust into the hands of him who conferred it. Thus, a minister resigns, a military officer resigns, a clerk resigns. The expression, "The king resigned his crown," sometimes occurs in our later literature, implying that he held it from his people. -- There are other senses of resign which are not here brought into view.

Abdicate

Ab"di*cate (#), v.i. To relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or dignity.
Though a king may abdicate for his own person, he cannot abdicate for the monarchy. Burke.

Abdication

Ab`di*ca"tion (#), n. [L. abdicatio: cf. F. abdication.] The act of abdicating; the renunciation of a high office, dignity, or trust, by its holder; commonly the voluntary renunciation of sovereign power; as, abdication of the throne, government, power, authority.

Abdicative

Ab"di*ca*tive (#), a. [L. abdicativus.] Causing, or implying, abdication. [R.] Bailey.

Abdicator

Ab"di*ca`tor (#), n. One who abdicates.

Abditive

Ab"di*tive (#), a. [L. abditivus, fr. abdere to hide.] Having the quality of hiding. [R.] Bailey.

Abditory

Ab"di*to*ry (#), n. [L. abditorium.] A place for hiding or preserving articles of value. Cowell.

Abdomen

Ab*do"men (#), n. [L. abdomen (a word of uncertain etymol.): cf. F. abdomen.]

1. (Anat.) The belly, or that part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis. Also, the cavity of the belly, which is lined by the peritoneum, and contains the stomach, bowels, and other viscera. In man, often restricted to the part between the diaphragm and the commencement of the pelvis, the remainder being called the pelvic cavity.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The posterior section of the body, behind the thorax, in insects, crustaceans, and other Arthropoda.

Abdominal

Ab*dom"i*nal (#), a. [Cf. F. abdominal.]

1. Of or pertaining to the abdomen; ventral; as, the abdominal regions, muscles, cavity.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Having abdominal fins; belonging to the Abdominales; as, abdominal fishes. Abdominal ring (Anat.), a fancied ringlike opening on each side of the abdomen, external and superior to the pubes; -- called also inguinal ring.

Abdominal

Ab*dom"i*nal, n.; E. pl. Abdominals, L. pl. Abdominales. A fish of the group Abdominales.

Abdominales

Ab*dom`i*na"les (#), n. pl. [NL., masc. pl.] (Zo\'94l.) A group including the greater part of fresh-water fishes, and many marine ones, having the ventral fins under the abdomen behind the pectorals.

Abdominalia

Ab*dom`i*na"li*a (#), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of cirripeds having abdominal appendages.

Abdominoscopy

Ab*dom`i*nos"co*py (#), n. [L. abdomen + Gr. (Med.) Examination of the abdomen to detect abdominal disease.

Abdominothoracic

Ab*dom`i*no*tho*rac"ic (#), a. Relating to the abdomen and the thorax, or chest.

Abdominous

Ab*dom"i*nous (#), a. Having a protuberant belly; pot-bellied.
Gorgonius sits, abdominous and wan, Like a fat squab upon a Chinese fan. Cowper.

Abduce

Ab*duce" (#), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abduced (#); p.pr. & vb.n. Abducing.] [L. abducere to lead away; ab + ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf. Abduct.] To draw or conduct away; to withdraw; to draw to a different part. [Obs.]
If we abduce the eye unto either corner, the object will not duplicate. Sir T. Browne.

Abduct

Ab*duct" (#), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abducted (#); p.pr. & vb.n. Abducting.] [L. abductus, p.p. of abducere. See Abduce.]

1. To take away surreptitiously by force; to carry away (a human being) wrongfully and usually by violence; to kidnap.

2. To draw away, as a limb or other part, from its ordinary position.

Abduction

Ab*duc"tion (#), n. [L. abductio: cf. F. abduction.]

1. The act of abducing or abducting; a drawing apart; a carrying away. Roget.

2. (Physiol.) The movement which separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of the body.

3. (Law) The wrongful, and usually the forcible, carrying off of a human being; as, the abduction of a child, the abduction of an heiress.

4. (Logic) A syllogism or form of argument in which the major is evident, but the minor is only probable.

Abductor

Ab*duc"tor (#), n. [NL.]

1. One who abducts.

2. (Anat.) A muscle which serves to draw a part out, or form the median line of the body; as, the abductor oculi, which draws the eye outward.

Abeam

A*beam" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + beam.] (Naut.) On the beam, that is, on a line which forms a right angle with the ship's keel; opposite to the center of the ship's side.

Abear

A*bear" (#), v.t. [AS. \'beberan; pref. \'be- + beran to bear.]

1. To bear; to behave. [Obs.]

So did the faery knight himself abear. Spenser.

2. To put up with; to endure. [Prov.] Dickens.

Abearance

A*bear"ance (#), n. Behavior. [Obs.] Blackstone.

Abearing

A*bear"ing, n. Behavior. [Obs.] Sir. T. More.

Abecedarian

A`be*ce*da"ri*an (#), n. [L. abecedarius. A word from the first four letters of the alphabet.]

1. One who is learning the alphabet; hence, a tyro.

2. One engaged in teaching the alphabet. Wood.

Abecedarian, Abecedary

A`be*ce*da"ri*an, A`be*ce"da*ry (#), a. Pertaining to, or formed by, the letters of the alphabet; alphabetic; hence, rudimentary. Abecedarian psalms, hymns, etc., compositions in which (like the 119th psalm in Hebrew) distinct portions or verses commence with successive letters of the alphabet. Hook.

Abecedary

A`be*ce"da*ry (#), n. A primer; the first principle or rudiment of anything. [R.] Fuller.

Abed

A*bed" (#), adv. [Pref. a- in, on + bed.]

1. In bed, or on the bed.

Not to be abed after midnight. Shak.

2. To childbed (in the phrase "brought abed," that is, delivered of a child). Shak.

Abegge

A*beg"ge (#). Same as Aby. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Abele

A*bele" (#), n. [D. abeel (abeel-boom), OF. abel, aubel, fr. a dim. of L. albus white.] The white polar (Populus alba).
Six abeles i' the churchyard grow. Mrs. Browning.

Abelian, Abelite, Abelonian

A*bel"i*an (#), A"bel*ite (#), A`bel*o"ni*an (#), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect in Africa (4th century), mentioned by St. Augustine, who states that they married, but lived in continence, after the manner, as they pretended, of Abel.

Abelmosk

A"bel*mosk` (#), n. [NL. abelmoschus, fr. Ar. abu-l-misk father of musk, i.e., producing musk. See Musk.] (Bot.) An evergreen shrub (Hibiscus -- formerly Abelmoschus-moschatus
), of the East and West Indies and Northern Africa, whose musky seeds are used in perfumery and to flavor coffee; -- sometimes called musk mallow.

Ab er-de-vine

Ab` er-de-vine" (#), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European siskin (Carduelis spinus), a small green and yellow finch, related to the goldfinch.

Aberr

Ab*err" (#), v.i. [L. aberrare. See Aberrate.] To wander; to stray. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Aberrance, Aberrancy

Ab*er"rance (#), Ab*er"ran*cy (#), n. State of being aberrant; a wandering from the right way; deviation from truth, rectitude, etc. Aberrancy of curvature (Geom.), the deviation of a curve from a circular form.

Aberrant

Ab*er"rant (#), a. [L. aberrans, -rantis, p.pr. of aberrare.] See Aberr.]

1. Wandering; straying from the right way.

2. (Biol.) Deviating from the ordinary or natural type; exceptional; abnormal.

The more aberrant any form is, the greater must have been the number of connecting forms which, on my theory, have been exterminated. Darwin.

Aberrate

Ab"er*rate (#), v.i. [L. aberratus, p.pr. of aberrare; ab + errare to wander. See Err.] To go astray; to diverge. [R.]
Their own defective and aberrating vision. De Quincey.

Aberration

Ab`er*ra"tion (#), n. [L. aberratio: cf. F. aberration. See Aberrate.]

1. The act of wandering; deviation, especially from truth or moral rectitude, from the natural state, or from a type. "The aberration of youth." Hall. "Aberrations from theory." Burke.

2. A partial alienation of reason. "Occasional aberrations of intellect." Lingard.

Whims, which at first are the aberrations of a single brain, pass with heat into epidemic form. I. Taylor.

3. (Astron.) A small periodical change of position in the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the observer; called annual aberration, when the observer's motion is that of the earth in its orbit, and dairy or diurnal aberration, when of the earth on its axis; amounting when greatest, in the former case, to 20.4'', and in the latter, to 0.3''. Planetary aberration is that due to the motion of light and the motion of the planet relative to the earth.

4. (Opt.) The convergence to different foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays of light emanating from one and the same point, or the deviation of such rays from a single focus; called spherical aberration, when due to the spherical form of the lens or mirror, such form giving different foci for central and marginal rays; and chromatic aberration, when due to different refrangibilities of the colored rays of the spectrum, those of each color having a distinct focus.

5. (Physiol.) The passage of blood or other fluid into parts not appropriate for it.

6. (Law) The producing of an unintended effect by the glancing of an instrument, as when a shot intended for A glances and strikes B. Syn. -- Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; alienation; mania; dementia; hallucination; illusion; delusion. See Insanity.

Aberrational

Ab`er*ra"tion*al (#), a. Characterized by aberration.

Aberuncate

Ab`e*run"cate (#), v.t. [L. aberuncare, for aberruncare. See Averruncate.] To weed out. [Obs.] Bailey.

Aberuncator

Ab`e*run"ca*tor (#), n. A weeding machine.

Abet

A*bet" (#), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abetted (#); p.pr. & vb.n. Abetting.] [OF. abeter; a (L. ad) + beter to bait (as a bear), fr. Icel. beita to set dogs on, to feed, originally, to cause to bite, fr. Icel. b\'c6ta to bite, hence to bait, to incite. See Bait, Bet.]

1. To instigate or encourage by aid or countenance; -- used in a bad sense of persons and acts; as, to abet an ill-doer; to abet one in his wicked courses; to abet vice; to abet an insurrection. "The whole tribe abets the villany." South.

Would not the fool abet the stealth, Who rashly thus exposed his wealth? Gay.

2. To support, uphold, or aid; to maintain; -- in a good sense. [Obs.].

Our duty is urged, and our confidence abetted. Jer. Taylor.

3. (Law)To contribute, as an assistant or instigator, to the commission of an offense. Syn. -- To incite; instigate; set on; egg on; foment; advocate; countenance; encourage; second; uphold; aid; assist; support; sustain; back; connive at.

Abet

A*bet" (#), n. [OF. abet, fr. abeter.] Act of abetting; aid. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Abetment

A*bet"ment (#), n. The act of abetting; as, an abetment of treason, crime, etc.

Abettal

A*bet"tal (#), n. Abetment. [R.]
Page 4

Abetter, Abettor

A*bet"ter, A*bet*tor (#), n. One who abets; an instigator of an offense or an offender. &hand; The form abettor is the legal term and also in general use. Syn. -- Abettor, Accessory, Accomplice. These words denote different degrees of complicity in some deed or crime. An abettor is one who incites or encourages to the act, without sharing in its performance. An accessory supposes a principal offender. One who is neither the chief actor in an offense, nor present at its performance, but accedes to or becomes involved in its guilt, either by some previous or subsequent act, as of instigating, encouraging, aiding, or concealing, etc., is an accessory. An accomplice is one who participates in the commission of an offense, whether as principal or accessory. Thus in treason, there are no abettors or accessories, but all are held to be principals or accomplices.

Abevacuation

Ab`e*vac"u*a"tion (#), n. [Pref. ab- + evacuation.] (Med.) A partial evacuation. Mayne.

Abeyance

A*bey"ance (#), n. [OF. abeance expectation, longing; a (L. ad) + baer, beer, to gape, to look with open mouth, to expect, F. bayer, LL. badare to gape.]

1. (Law) Expectancy; condition of being undetermined. &hand; When there is no person in existence in whom an inheritance (or a dignity) can vest, it is said to be in abeyance, that is, in expectation; the law considering it as always potentially existing, and ready to vest whenever a proper owner appears. Blackstone.

2. Suspension; temporary suppression.

Keeping the sympathies of love and admiration in a dormant state, or state of abeyance. De Quincey.

Abeyancy

A*bey"an*cy (#), n. Abeyance. [R.] Hawthorne.

Abeyant

A*bey"ant (#), a. Being in a state of abeyance.

Abhal

Ab"hal (#), n. The berries of a species of cypress in the East Indies.

Abhominable

Ab*hom"i*na*ble (#), a. Abominable. [A false orthography anciently used; h was foisted into various words; hence abholish, for abolish, etc.]
This is abhominable, which he [Don Armado] would call abominable. Shak. Love's Labor's Lost, v. 1.

Abhominal

Ab*hom`i*nal (#), a. [L. ab away from + homo, hominis, man.] Inhuman. [Obs.] Fuller.

Abhor

Ab*hor" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abhorred (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Abhorring.] [L. abhorrere; ab + horrere to bristle, shiver, shudder: cf. F. abhorrer. See Horrid.]

1. To shrink back with shuddering from; to regard with horror or detestation; to feel excessive repugnance toward; to detest to extremity; to loathe.

Abhor that which is evil; cleave to that which is good. Rom. xii. 9.

2. To fill with horror or disgust. [Obs.]

It doth abhor me now I speak the word. Shak.

3. (Canon Law) To protest against; to reject solemnly. [Obs.]

I utterly abhor, yea, from my soul Refuse you for my judge. Shak.
Syn. -- To hate; detest; loathe; abominate. See Hate.

Abhor

Ab*hor", v. i. To shrink back with horror, disgust, or dislike; to be contrary or averse; -- with from. [Obs.] "To abhor from those vices." Udall.
Which is utterly abhorring from the end of all law. Milton.

Abhorrence

Ab*hor"rence (#), n. Extreme hatred or detestation; the feeling of utter dislike.

Abhorrency

Ab*hor"ren*cy (#), n. Abhorrence. [Obs.] Locke.

Abhorrent

Ab*hor"rent (#), a. [L. abhorens, -rentis, p. pr. of abhorrere.]

1. Abhorring; detesting; having or showing abhorrence; loathing; hence, strongly opposed to; as, abhorrent thoughts.

The persons most abhorrent from blood and treason. Burke.
The arts of pleasure in despotic courts I spurn abhorrent. Clover.

2. Contrary or repugnant; discordant; inconsistent; -- followed by to. "Injudicious profanation, so abhorrent to our stricter principles." Gibbon.

3. Detestable. "Pride, abhorrent as it is." I. Taylor.

Abhorrently

Ab*hor"rent*ly, adv. With abhorrence.

Abhorrer

Ab*hor"rer (#), n. One who abhors. Hume.

Abhorrible

Ab*hor"ri*ble (#), a. Detestable. [R.]

Abhorring

Ab*hor"ring (#), n.

1. Detestation. Milton.

2. Object of abhorrence. Isa. lxvi. 24.

Abib

A"bib (#), n. [Heb. ab\'c6b, lit. an ear of corn. The month was so called from barley being at that time in ear.] The first month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, corresponding nearly to our April. After the Babylonish captivity this month was called Nisan. Kitto.

Abidance

A*bid"ance (#), n. The state of abiding; abode; continuance; compliance (with).
The Christians had no longer abidance in the holy hill of Palestine. Fuller.
A judicious abidance by rules. Helps.

Abide

A*bide" (#), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Abode (#), formerly Abid(#); p. pr. & vb. n. Abiding (#).] [AS. \'beb\'c6dan; pref. \'be- (cf. Goth. us-, G. er-, orig. meaning out) + b\'c6dan to bide. See Bide.]

1. To wait; to pause; to delay. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To stay; to continue in a place; to have one's abode; to dwell; to sojourn; -- with with before a person, and commonly with at or in before a place.

Let the damsel abide with us a few days. Gen. xxiv. 55.

3. To remain stable or fixed in some state or condition; to continue; to remain.

Let every man abide in the same calling. 1 Cor. vii. 20.
Followed by by: To abide by. (a) To stand to; to adhere; to maintain.
The poor fellow was obstinate enough to abide by what he said at first. Fielding.
(b) To acquiesce; to conform to; as, to abide by a decision or an award.

Abide

A*bide", v. t.

1. To wait for; to be prepared for; to await; to watch for; as, I abide my time. "I will abide the coming of my lord." Tennyson. [[Obs.], with a personal object.

Bonds and afflictions abide me. Acts xx. 23.

2. To endure; to sustain; to submit to.

[Thou] shalt abide her judgment on it. Tennyson.

3. To bear patiently; to tolerate; to put up with.

She could not abide Master Shallow. Shak.

4. [Confused with aby to pay for. See Aby.] To stand the consequences of; to answer for; to suffer for.

Dearly I abide that boast so vain. Milton.

Abider

A*bid"er (#), n.

1. One who abides, or continues. [Obs.] "Speedy goers and strong abiders." Sidney.

2. One who dwells; a resident. Speed.

Abiding

A*bid"ing, a. Continuing; lasting.

Abidingly

A*bid"ing*ly, adv. Permanently. Carlyle.

Abies

A"bi*es (#), n. [L., fir tree.] (Bot.) A genus of coniferous trees, properly called Fir, as the balsam fir and the silver fir. The spruces are sometimes also referred to this genus.

Abietene

Ab"i*e*tene (#), n. [L. abies, abietis, a fir tree.] A volatile oil distilled from the resin or balsam of the nut pine (Pinus sabiniana) of California.

Abietic

Ab`i*et"ic (#), a. Of or pertaining to the fir tree or its products; as, abietic acid, called also sylvic acid. Watts.

Abietin, Abietine

Ab"i*e*tin, Ab"i*e*tine (#), n. [See Abietene.] (Chem.) A resinous obtained from Strasburg turpentine or Canada balsam. It is without taste or smell, is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol (especially at the boiling point), in strong acetic acid, and in ether. Watts.

Abietinic

Ab`i*e*tin"ic (#), a. Of or pertaining to abietin; as, abietinic acid.

Abietite

Ab"i*e*tite (#), n. (Chem.) A substance resembling mannite, found in the needles of the common silver fir of Europe (Abies pectinata). Eng. Cyc.

Abigail

Ab"i*gail (#), n. [The proper name used as an appellative.] A lady's waiting-maid. Pepys.
Her abigail reported that Mrs. Gutheridge had a set of night curls for sleeping in. Leslie.

Abiliment

A*bil"i*ment (#), n. Habiliment. [Obs.]

Ability

A*bil"i*ty (#), n.; pl. Abilities(#). [F. habilet\'82, earlier spelling habilit\'82 (with silent h), L. habilitas aptitude, ability, fr. habilis apt. See Able.] The quality or state of being able; power to perform, whether physical, moral, intellectual, conventional, or legal; capacity; skill or competence in doing; sufficiency of strength, skill, resources, etc.; -- in the plural, faculty, talent.
Then the disciples, every man according to his ability, determined to send relief unto the brethren. Acts xi. 29.
Natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study. Bacon.
The public men of England, with much of a peculiar kind of ability. Macaulay.
Syn. -- Capacity; talent; cleverness; faculty; capability; efficiency; aptitude; aptness; address; dexterity; skill. Ability, Capacity. These words come into comparison when applied to the higher intellectual powers. Ability has reference to the active exercise of our faculties. It implies not only native vigor of mind, but that ease and promptitude of execution which arise from mental training. Thus, we speak of the ability with which a book is written, an argument maintained, a negotiation carried on, etc. It always something to be done, and the power of doing it. Capacity has reference to the receptive powers. In its higher exercises it supposes great quickness of apprehension and breadth of intellect, with an uncommon aptitude for acquiring and retaining knowledge. Hence it carries with it the idea of resources and undeveloped power. Thus we speak of the extraordinary capacity of such men as Lord Bacon, Blaise Pascal, and Edmund Burke. "Capacity," says H. Taylor, "is requisite to devise, and ability to execute, a great enterprise." The word abilities, in the plural, embraces both these qualities, and denotes high mental endowments.

Abime or Abyme

A*bime" or A*byme"
(#), n. [F. ab\'8cme. See Abysm.] A abyss. [Obs.]

Abiogenesis

Ab`i*o*gen"e*sis (#), n. [Gr. (Biol.) The supposed origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents; spontaneous generation; -- called also abiogeny, and opposed to biogenesis.
I shall call the . . . doctrine that living matter may be produced by not living matter, the hypothesis of abiogenesis. Huxley, 1870.

Abiogenetic

Ab`i*o*ge*net"ic (#), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to abiogenesis. Ab`i*o*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

Abiogenist

Ab`i*og"e*nist (#), n. (Biol.) One who believes that life can be produced independently of antecedent. Huxley.

Abiogenous

Ab`i*og"e*nous (#), a. (Biol.) Produced by spontaneous generation.

Abiogeny

Ab`i*og"e*ny (#), n. (Biol.) Same as Abiogenesis.

Abiological

Ab`i*o*log"ic*al (#), a. [Gr. biological.] Pertaining to the study of inanimate things.

Abirritant

Ab*ir"ri*tant (#), n. (Med.) A medicine that diminishes irritation.

Abirritate

Ab*ir"ri*tate (#), v. t. [Pref. ab- + irritate.] (Med.) To diminish the sensibility of; to debilitate.

Abirritation

Ab*ir`ri*ta"tion (#), n. (Med.) A pathological condition opposite to that of irritation; debility; want of strength; asthenia.

Abirritative

Ab*ir"ri*ta*tive (#), a. (Med.) Characterized by abirritation or debility.

Abit

A*bit" (#), 3d sing. pres. of Abide. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Abject

Ab"ject (#), a. [L. abjectus, p. p. of abjicere to throw away; ab + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.]

1. Cast down; low-lying. [Obs.]

From the safe shore their floating carcasses And broken chariot wheels; so thick bestrown Abject and lost lay these, covering the flood. Milton.

2. Sunk to a law condition; down in spirit or hope; degraded; servile; groveling; despicable; as, abject posture, fortune, thoughts. "Base and abject flatterers." Addison. "An abject liar." Macaulay.

And banish hence these abject, lowly dreams. Shak.
Syn. -- Mean; groveling; cringing; mean-spirited; slavish; ignoble; worthless; vile; beggarly; contemptible; degraded.

Abject

Ab*ject" (#), v. t. [From Abject, a.] To cast off or down; hence, to abase; to degrade; to lower; to debase. [Obs.] Donne.

Abject

Ab"ject (#), n. A person in the lowest and most despicable condition; a castaway. [Obs.]
Shall these abjects, these victims, these outcasts, know any thing of pleasure? I. Taylor.

Abjectedness

Ab*ject"ed*ness (#), n. A very abject or low condition; abjectness. [R.] Boyle.

Abjection

Ab*jec"tion (#), n. [F. abjection, L. abjectio.]

1. The act of bringing down or humbling. "The abjection of the king and his realm." Joe.

2. The state of being rejected or cast out. [R.]

An adjection from the beatific regions where God, and his angels and saints, dwell forever. Jer. Taylor.

3. A low or downcast state; meanness of spirit; abasement; degradation.

That this should be termed baseness, abjection of mind, or servility, is it credible? Hooker.

Abjectly

Ab"ject*ly (#), adv. Meanly; servilely.

Abjectness

Ab"ject*ness, n. The state of being abject; abasement; meanness; servility. Grew.

Abjudge

Ab*judge" (#), v. t. [Pref. ab- + judge, v. Cf. Abjudicate.] To take away by judicial decision. [R.]

Abjudicate

Ab*ju"di*cate (#), v. t. [L. abjudicatus, p. p. of abjudicare; ab + judicare. See Judge, and cf. Abjudge.] To reject by judicial sentence; also, to abjudge. [Obs.] Ash.

Abjudication

Ab*ju`di*ca"tion (#), n. Rejection by judicial sentence. [R.] Knowles.

Abjugate

Ab"ju*gate (#), v. t. [L. abjugatus, p. p. of abjugare.] To unyoke. [Obs.] Bailey.

Abjunctive

Ab*junc"tive (#), a. [L. abjunctus, p. p. of abjungere; ab + jungere to join.] Exceptional. [R.]
It is this power which leads on from the accidental and abjunctive to the universal. I. Taylor.

Abjuration

Ab`ju*ra"tion (#), n. [L. abjuratio: cf. F. abjuration.]

1. The act of abjuring or forswearing; a renunciation upon oath; as, abjuration of the realm, a sworn banishment, an oath taken to leave the country and never to return.

2. A solemn recantation or renunciation; as, an abjuration of heresy. Oath of abjuration, an oath asserting the right of the present royal family to the crown of England, and expressly abjuring allegiance to the descendants of the Pretender. Brande & C.

Abjuratory

Ab*ju"ra*to*ry (#), a. Containing abjuration.

Abjure

Ab*jure" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abjured (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Abjuring (#).] [L. abjurare to deny upon oath; ab + jurare to swear, fr. jus, juris, right, law; cf. F. abjurer. See Jury.]

1. To renounce upon oath; to forswear; to disavow; as, to abjure allegiance to a prince. To abjure the realm, is to swear to abandon it forever.

2. To renounce or reject with solemnity; to recant; to abandon forever; to reject; repudiate; as, to abjure errors. "Magic I here abjure." Shak. Syn. -- See Renounce.

Abjure

Ab*jure", v. i. To renounce on oath. Bp. Burnet.

Abjurement

Ab*jure"ment (#), n. Renunciation. [R.]

Abjurer

Ab*jur"er (#), n. One who abjures.

Ablactate

Ab*lac"tate (#), v. t. [L. ablactatus, p. p. of ablactare; ab + lactare to suckle, fr. lac milk.] To wean. [R.] Bailey.

Ablactation

Ab`lac*ta"tion (#). n.

1. The weaning of a child from the breast, or of young beasts from their dam. Blount.

2. (Hort.) The process of grafting now called inarching, or grafting by approach.

Ablaqueate

Ab*la"que*ate (#), v. t. [L. ablaqueatus, p. p. of. ablaqueare; fr. ab + laqueus a noose.] To lay bare, as the roots of a tree. [Obs.] Bailey.

Ablaqueation

Ab*la`que*a"tion (#), n. [L. ablaqueatio.] The act or process of laying bare the roots of trees to expose them to the air and water. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Ablastemic

Ab`las*tem"ic (#), a. [Gr. (Biol.) Non-germinal.

Ablation

Ab*la"tion (#), n. [L. ablatio, fr. ablatus p. p. of auferre to carry away; ab + latus, p. p. of ferre carry: cf. F. ablation. See Tolerate.]

1. A carrying or taking away; removal. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Med.) Extirpation. Dunglison.

3. (Geol.) Wearing away; superficial waste. Tyndall.

Ablatitious

Ab`la*ti"tious (#), a. Diminishing; as, an ablatitious force. Sir J. Herschel.

Ablative

Ab"la*tive (#), a. [F. ablatif, ablative, L. ablativus fr. ablatus. See Ablation.]

1. Taking away or removing. [Obs.]

Where the heart is forestalled with misopinion, ablative directions are found needful to unteach error, ere we can learn truth. Bp. Hall.

2. (Gram.) Applied to one of the cases of the noun in Latin and some other languages, -- the fundamental meaning of the case being removal, separation, or taking away.

Ablative

Ab"la*tive, (Gram.) The ablative case. ablative absolute, a construction in Latin, in which a noun in the ablative case has a participle (either expressed or implied), agreeing with it in gender, number, and case, both words forming a clause by themselves and being unconnected, grammatically, with the rest of the sentence; as, Tarquinio regnante, Pythagoras venit, i. e., Tarquinius reigning, Pythagoras came.

Ablaut

Ab"laut (#), n. [Ger., off-sound; ab off + laut sound.] (Philol.) The substitution of one root vowel for another, thus indicating a corresponding modification of use or meaning; vowel permutation; as, get, gat, got; sing, song; hang, hung. Earle. <-- p. 5 -->

Ablaze

A*blaze" (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- + blaze.]

1. On fire; in a blaze, gleaming. Milman.

All ablaze with crimson and gold. Longfellow.

2. In a state of glowing excitement or ardent desire.

The young Cambridge democrats were all ablaze to assist Torrijos. Carlyle.

Able

A"ble (#), a. [Comp. Abler (#); superl. Ablest (#).] [OF. habile, L. habilis that may be easily held or managed, apt, skillful, fr. habere to have, hold. Cf. Habile and see Habit.]

1. Fit; adapted; suitable. [Obs.]

A many man, to ben an abbot able. Chaucer.

2. Having sufficient power, strength, force, skill, means, or resources of any kind to accomplish the object; possessed of qualifications rendering competent for some end; competent; qualified; capable; as, an able workman, soldier, seaman, a man able to work; a mind able to reason; a person able to be generous; able to endure pain; able to play on a piano.

3. Specially: Having intellectual qualifications, or strong mental powers; showing ability or skill; talented; clever; powerful; as, the ablest man in the senate; an able speech.

No man wrote abler state papers. Macaulay.

4. (Law) Legally qualified; possessed of legal competence; as, able to inherit or devise property. Able for, is Scotticism.

"Hardly able for such a march." Robertson. Syn. -- Competent; qualified; fitted; efficient; effective; capable; skillful; clever; vigorous; powerful.

Able

A"ble, v. t. [See Able, a.] [Obs.]

1. To make able; to enable; to strengthen. Chaucer.

2. To vouch for. "I 'll able them." Shak.

able

*a*ble (#). [F. -able, L. -abilis.] An adjective suffix now usually in a passive sense; able to be; fit to be; expressing capacity or worthiness in a passive sense; as, movable, able to be moved; amendable, able to be amended; blamable, fit to be blamed; salable. The form ible is used in the same sense. &hand; It is difficult to say when we are not to use -able instead of -ible. "Yet a rule may be laid down as to when we are to use it. To all verbs, then, from the Anglo-Saxon, to all based on the uncorrupted infinitival stems of Latin verbs of the first conjugation, and to all substantives, whencesoever sprung, we annex -able only." Fitzed. Hall.

Able-bodied

A`ble-bod"ied (#), a. Having a sound, strong body; physically competent; robust. "Able-bodied vagrant." Froude. -- A`ble-bod"ied*ness, n..

Ablegate

Ab"le*gate (#), v. t. [L. ablegatus, p. p. of ablegare; ab + legare to send with a commission. See Legate.] To send abroad. [Obs.] Bailey.

Ablegate

Ab"le*gate (#), n. (R. C. Ch.) A representative of the pope charged with important commissions in foreign countries, one of his duties being to bring to a newly named cardinal his insignia of office.

Ablegation

Ab`le*ga"tion (#), n. [L. ablegatio.] The act of sending abroad. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Able-minded

A`ble-mind"ed (#), a. Having much intellectual power. -- A`ble-mind"ed*ness, n.

Ableness

A"ble*ness (#), n. Ability of body or mind; force; vigor. [Obs. or R.]

Ablepsy

Ab"lep*sy (#), n. [Gr. Blindness. [R.] Urquhart.

Abler

A"bler (#), a., comp. of Able. -- A"blest (#), a., superl. of Able.

Ablet, Ablen

Ab"let (#), Ab"len
[F. ablet, ablette, a dim. fr. LL. abula, for albula, dim. of albus white. Cf. Abele.] (Zo\'94l.) A small fresh-water fish (Leuciscus alburnus); the bleak.

Abligate

Ab"li*gate (#), v. t. [L. ab + ligatus, p. p. of ligare to tie.] To tie up so as to hinder from. [Obs.]

Abligurition

Ab*lig`u*ri"tion (#), n. [L. abligurito, fr. abligurire to spend in luxurious indulgence; ab + ligurire to be lickerish, dainty, fr. lingere to lick.] Prodigal expense for food. [Obs.] Bailey.

Ablins

A"blins (#), adv. [See Able.] Perhaps. [Scot.]

Abloom

A*bloom" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + bloom.] In or into bloom; in a blooming state. Masson.

Ablude

Ab*lude" (#), v. t. [L. abludere; ab + ludere to play.] To be unlike; to differ. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Abluent

Ab"lu*ent (#), a. [L. abluens, p. pr. of. abluere to wash away; ab + luere (lavere, lavare). See Lave.] Washing away; carrying off impurities; detergent. -- n. (Med.) A detergent.

Ablush

A*blush" (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- + blush.] Blushing; ruddy.

Ablution

Ab*lu`tion (#), n. [L. ablutio, fr. abluere: cf. F. ablution. See Abluent.]

1. The act of washing or cleansing; specifically, the washing of the body, or some part of it, as a religious rite.

2. The water used in cleansing. "Cast the ablutions in the main." Pope.

3. (R. C. Ch.) A small quantity of wine and water, which is used to wash the priest's thumb and index finger after the communion, and which then, as perhaps containing portions of the consecrated elements, is drunk by the priest.

Ablutionary

Ab*lu"tion*a*ry (#), a. Pertaining to ablution.

Abluvion

Ab*lu"vi*on (#), n. [LL. abluvio. See Abluent.] That which is washed off. [R.] Dwight.

Ably

A"bly (#), adv. In an able manner; with great ability; as, ably done, planned, said.

-ably

-a*bly(#). A suffix composed of -able and the adverbial suffix -ly; as, favorably.

Abnegate

Ab"ne*gate (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abnegated; p. pr. & vb. n. Abnegating.] [L. abnegatus,p. p. of abnegare; ab + negare to deny. See Deny.] To deny and reject; to abjure. Sir E. Sandys. Farrar.

Abnegation

Ab`ne*ga"tion (#), n. [L. abnegatio: cf. F. abn\'82gation.] a denial; a renunciation.
With abnegation of God, of his honor, and of religion, they may retain the friendship of the court. Knox.

Abnegative

Ab"ne*ga*tive (#), a. [L. abnegativus.] Denying; renouncing; negative. [R.] Clarke.

Abnegator

Ab"ne*ga`tor(#), n. [L.] One who abnegates, denies, or rejects anything. [R.]

Abnet

Ab"net (#), n. [Heb.] The girdle of a Jewish priest or officer.

Abnodate

Ab"no*date (#), v. t. [L. abnodatus, p. p. of abnodare; ab + nodus knot.] To clear (tress) from knots. [R.] Blount.

Abnodation

Ab`no*da"tion (#), n. The act of cutting away the knots of trees. [R.] Crabb.

Abnormal

Ab*nor"mal (#), a. [For earlier anormal.F. anormal, LL. anormalus for anomalus, Gr. abnormis. See Anomalous, Abnormous, Anormal.] Not conformed to rule or system; deviating from the type; anomalous; irregular. "That deviating from the type; anomalous; irregular. " Froude.

Abnormality

Ab`nor*mal"i*ty (#), n.; pl. Abnormalities (#).

1. The state or quality of being abnormal; variation; irregularity. Darwin.

2. Something abnormal.

Abnormally

Ab*nor"mal*ly (#), adv. In an abnormal manner; irregularly. Darwin.

Abnormity

Ab*nor"mi*ty (#), n.; pl. Abnormities (#). [LL. abnormitas. See Abnormous.] Departure from the ordinary type; irregularity; monstrosity. "An abnormity . . . like a calf born with two heads." Mrs. Whitney.

Abnormous

Ab*nor"mous (#), a. [L. abnormis; ab + norma rule. See Normal.] Abnormal; irregular. Hallam.
A character of a more abnormous cast than his equally suspected coadjutor. State Trials.

Aboard

A*board" (#), adv. [Pref. a- on, in + board.] On board; into or within a ship or boat; hence, into or within a railway car.

2. Alongside; as, close aboard. Naut.: To fall aboard of, to strike a ship's side; to fall foul of. -- To haul the tacks aboard, to set the courses. -- To keep the land aboard, to hug the shore. -- To lay (a ship) aboard, to place one's own ship close alongside of (a ship) for fighting.

Aboard

A*board", prep.

1. On board of; as, to go aboard a ship.

2. Across; athwart. [Obs.]

Nor iron bands aboard The Pontic Sea by their huge navy cast. Spenser.

Abodance

A*bod"ance (#), n. [See Bode.] An omen; a portending. [Obs.]

Abode

A*bode" (#), pret. of Abide.

Abode

A*bode", n. [OE. abad, abood, fr. abiden to abide. See Abide. For the change of vowel, cf. abode, imp. of abide.]

1. Act of waiting; delay. [Obs.] Shak.

And with her fled away without abode. Spenser.

2. Stay or continuance in a place; sojourn.

He waxeth at your abode here. Fielding.

3. Place of continuance, or where one dwells; abiding place; residence; a dwelling; a habitation.

Come, let me lead you to our poor abode. Wordsworth.

Abode

A*bode", n. [See Bode, v. t.] An omen. [Obs.]
High-thundering Juno's husband stirs my spirit with true abodes. Chapman.

Abode

A*bode", v. t. To bode; to foreshow. [Obs.] Shak.

Abode

A*bode", v. i. To be ominous. [Obs.] Dryden.

Abodement

A*bode"ment (#), n. A foreboding; an omen. [Obs.] "Abodements must not now affright us." Shak.

Aboding

A*bod"ing (#), n. A foreboding. [Obs.]

Abolish

A*bol"ish (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abolished (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Abolishing.] [F. abolir, L. abolere, aboletum; ab + olere to grow. Cf. Finish.]

1. To do away with wholly; to annul; to make void; -- said of laws, customs, institutions, governments, etc.; as, to abolish slavery, to abolish folly.

2. To put an end to, or destroy, as a physical objects; to wipe out. [Archaic]

And with thy blood abolish so reproachful blot. Spenser.
His quick instinctive hand Caught at the hilt, as to abolish him. Tennyson.
Syn. -- To Abolish, Repeal, Abrogate, Revoke, Annul, Nullify, Cancel. These words have in common the idea of setting aside by some overruling act. Abolish applies particularly to things of a permanent nature, such as institutions, usages, customs, etc.; as, to abolish monopolies, serfdom, slavery. Repeal describes the act by which the legislature of a state sets aside a law which it had previously enacted. Abrogate was originally applied to the repeal of a law by the Roman people; and hence, when the power of making laws was usurped by the emperors, the term was applied to their act of setting aside the laws. Thus it came to express that act by which a sovereign or an executive government sets aside laws, ordinances, regulations, treaties, conventions, etc. Revoke denotes the act or recalling some previous grant which conferred, privilege, etc.; as, to revoke a decree, to revoke a power of attorney, a promise, etc. Thus, also, we speak of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Annul is used in a more general sense, denoting simply to make void; as, to annul a contract, to annul an agreement. Nullify is an old word revived in this country, and applied to the setting of things aside either by force or by total disregard; as, to nullify an act of Congress. Cancel is to strike out or annul, by a deliberate exercise of power, something which has operative force.

Abolishable

A*bol"ish*a*ble (#), a. [Cf. F. abolissable.] Capable of being abolished.

Abolisher

A*bol"ish*er (#), n. One who abolishes.

Abolishment

A*bol"ish*ment (#), n. [Cf. F. abolissement.] The act of abolishing; abolition; destruction. Hooker.

Abolition

Ab"o*li"tion (#), n. [L. abolitio, fr. abolere: cf. F. abolition. See Abolish.] The act of abolishing, or the state of being abolished; an annulling; abrogation; utter destruction; as, the abolition of slavery or the slave trade; the abolition of laws, decrees, ordinances, customs, taxes, debts, etc. &hand; The application of this word to persons is now unusual or obsolete

Abolitionism

Ab`o*li"tion*ism (#), n. The principles or measures of abolitionists. Wilberforce.

Abolitionist

Ab`o*li"tion*ist, n. A person who favors the abolition of any institution, especially negro slavery.

Abolitionize

Ab`o*li`tion*ize (#), v. t. To imbue with the principles of abolitionism. [R.] Bartlett.

Aboma

A*bo"ma (#), n. (Zo\'94l.) A large South American serpent (Boa aboma).

Abomasum, Abomasus

Ab`o*ma"sum (#), Ab`o*ma"sus (#), n. [NL., fr. L. ab + omasum (a Celtic word.] (Anat.) The fourth or digestive stomach of a ruminant, which leads from the third stomach omasum. See Ruminantia.

Abominable

A*bom"i*na*ble (#), a. [F. abominable. L. abominalis. See Abominate.]

1. Worthy of, or causing, abhorrence, as a thing of evil omen; odious in the utmost degree; very hateful; detestable; loathsome; execrable.

2. Excessive; large; -- used as an intensive. [Obs.] &hand; Juliana Berners . . . informs us that in her time [15th c.], "abomynable syght of monkes" was elegant English for "a large company of friars." G. P. Marsh.

Abominableness

A*bom"i*na*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being abominable; odiousness. Bentley.

Abominably

A*bom"i*na*bly (#), adv. In an abominable manner; very odiously; detestably.

Abominate

A*bom"i*nate (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abominated; p. pr. & vb. n. Abominating.] [L. abominatus, p. p. or abominari to deprecate as ominous, to abhor, to curse; ab + omen a foreboding. See Omen.] To turn from as ill-omened; to hate in the highest degree, as if with religious dread; loathe; as, to abominate all impiety. Syn. -- To hate; abhor; loathe; detest. See Hate.

Abomination

A*bom`i*na"tion (#), n. [OE. abominacioun, -cion, F. abominatio. See Abominate.]

1. The feeling of extreme disgust and hatred; abhorrence; detestation; loathing; as, he holds tobacco in abomination.

2. That which is abominable; anything hateful, wicked, or shamefully vile; an object or state that excites disgust and hatred; a hateful or shameful vice; pollution.

Antony, most large in his abominations. Shak.

3. A cause of pollution or wickedness. Syn. -- Detestation; loathing; abhorrence; disgust; aversion; loathsomeness; odiousness. Sir W. Scott.

Aboon

A*boon" (#), prep. and adv. Above. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]
Aboon the pass of Bally-Brough. Sir W. Scott.
The ceiling fair that rose aboon. J. R. Drake.

Aboral

Ab*o"ral (#), a. [L. ab. + E. oral.] (Zo\'94l.) Situated opposite to, or away from, the mouth.

Abord

A*bord" (#), n. [F.] Manner of approaching or accosting; address. Chesterfield.

Abord

A*bord" (#), v. t. [F. aborder, \'85 (L. ad) + bord rim, brim, or side of a vessel. See Border, Board.] To approach; to accost. [Obs.] Digby.

Aboriginal

Ab`o*rig"i*nal (#), a. [See Aborigines.]

1. First; original; indigenous; primitive; native; as, the aboriginal tribes of America. "Mantled o'er with aboriginal turf." Wordsworth.

2. Of or pertaining to aborigines; as, a Hindoo of aboriginal blood.

Aboriginal

Ab`o*rig"i*nal, n.

1. An original inhabitant of any land; one of the aborigines.

2. An animal or a plant native to the region.

It may well be doubted whether this frog is an aboriginal of these islands. Darwin.

Aboriginality

Ab`o*rig`i*nal"i*ty (#), n. The quality of being aboriginal. Westm. Rev.

Aboriginally

Ab`o*rig"i*nal*ly (#), adv. Primarily.

Aboriginess

Ab`o*rig"i*ness (#), n. pl. [L. Aborigines; ab + origo, especially the first inhabitants of Latium, those who originally (ab origine) inhabited Latium or Italy. See Origin.]

1. The earliest known inhabitants of a country; native races.

2. The original fauna and flora of a geographical area

Aborsement

A*borse"ment (#), n. Abortment; abortion. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Aborsive

A*bor"sive (#), a. Abortive. [Obs.] Fuller.

Abort

A*bort" (#), v. i. [L. abortare, fr. abortus, p. p. of aboriri; ab + oriri to rise, to be born. See Orient.]

1. To miscarry; to bring forth young prematurely.

2. (Biol.) To become checked in normal development, so as either to remain rudimentary or shrink away wholly; to become sterile.

Abort

A*bort", n. [L. abortus, fr. aboriri.]

1. An untimely birth. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

2. An aborted offspring. [Obs.] Holland.

Aborted

A*bort"ed, a.

1. Brought forth prematurely.

2. (Biol.) Rendered abortive or sterile; undeveloped; checked in normal development at a very early stage; as, spines are aborted branches.

The eyes of the cirripeds are more or less aborted in their mature state. Owen.

Aborticide

A*bor"ti*cide (#), n. [L. abortus + caedere to kill. See Abort.] (Med.) The act of destroying a fetus in the womb; feticide.

Abortifacient

A*bor`ti*fa"cient (#), a. [L. abortus (see Abort, v.) + faciens, p. pr. of facere to make.] Producing miscarriage. -- n. A drug or an agent that causes premature delivery.

Abortion

A*bor"tion (#), n. [L. abortio, fr. aboriri. See Abort.]

1. The act of giving premature birth; particularly, the expulsion of the human fetus prematurely, or before it is capable of sustaining life; miscarriage. &hand; It is sometimes used for the offense of procuring a premature delivery, but strictly the early delivery is the abortion, "causing or procuring abortion" is the full name of the offense. Abbott.


Page 6

2. The immature product of an untimely birth.

3. (Biol.) Arrest of development of any organ, so that it remains an imperfect formation or is absorbed.

4. Any fruit or produce that does not come to maturity, or anything which in its progress, before it is matured or perfect; a complete failure; as, his attempt. proved an abortiori.

Abortional

A*bor"tion*al (#), a. Pertaining to abortion; miscarrying; abortive. Carlyle.

Abortionist

A*bor"tion*ist, n. One who procures abortion or miscarriage.

Abortive

A*bor"tive (#), a. [L. abortivus, fr. aboriri. See Abort, v.]

1. Produced by abortion; born prematurely; as, an abortive child. [R.]

2. Made from the skin of a still-born animal; as, abortive vellum. [Obs.]

3. Rendering fruitless or ineffectual. [Obs.] "Plunged in that abortive gulf." Milton.

4. Coming to naught; failing in its effect; miscarrying; fruitless; unsuccessful; as, an abortive attempt. "An abortive enterprise." Prescott.

5. (Biol.) Imperfectly formed or developed; rudimentary; sterile; as, an abortive organ, stamen, ovule, etc.

6. (Med.) (a) Causing abortion; as, abortive medicines. Parr. (b) Cutting short; as, abortive treatment of typhoid fever.

Abortive

A*bor"tive, n.

1. That which is born or brought forth prematurely; an abortion. [Obs.] Shak.

2. A fruitless effort or issue. [Obs.]

3. A medicine to which is attributed the property of causing abortion.<-- now usu. abortifacient. --> Dunglison.

Abortively

A*bor"tive*ly, adv. In an abortive or untimely manner; immaturely; fruitlessly.

Abortiveness

A*bor"tive*ness, n. The quality of being abortive.

Abortment

A*bort"ment (#), n. Abortion. [Obs.]

Abought

A*bought" (#), imp. & p. p. of Aby. [Obs.]

Abound

A*bound" (#), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Abounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Abounding.] [OE. abounden, F. abonder, fr. L. abundare to overflow, abound; ab + unda wave. Cf. Undulate.]

1. To be in great plenty; to be very prevalent; to be plentiful.

The wild boar which abounds in some parts of the continent of Europe. Chambers.
Where sin abounded grace did much more abound. Rom. v. 20.

2. To be copiously supplied; -- followed by in or with. To abound in, to posses in such abundance as to be characterized by. -- To abound with, to be filled with; to possess in great numbers.

Men abounding in natural courage. Macaulay.
A faithful man shall abound with blessings. Prov. xxviii. 20.
It abounds with cabinets of curiosities. Addison.

About

A*bout" (#), prep. [OE. aboute, abouten, abuten; AS. \'bebutan, onbutan; on + butan, which is from be by + utan outward, from ut out. See But, Out.]

1. Around; all round; on every side of. "Look about you." Shak. "Bind them about thy neck." Prov. iii. 3.

2. In the immediate neighborhood of; in contiguity or proximity to; near, as to place; by or on (one's person). "Have you much money about you?" Bulwer.

3. Over or upon different parts of; through or over in various directions; here and there in; to and fro in; throughout.

Lampoons . . . were handed about the coffeehouses. Macaulay.
Roving still about the world. Milton.

4. Near; not far from; -- determining approximately time, size, quantity. "To-morrow, about this time." Exod. ix. 18. "About my stature." Shak.

He went out about the third hour. Matt. xx. 3.
&hand; This use passes into the adverbial sense.

5. In concern with; engaged in; intent on.

I must be about my Father's business. Luke ii. 49.

6. Before a verbal noun or an infinitive: On the point or verge of; going; in act of.

Paul was now aboutto open his mouth. Acts xviii. 14.

7. Concerning; with regard to; on account of; touching. "To treat about thy ransom." Milton.

She must have her way about Sarah. Trollope.

About

A*bout", adv.

1. On all sides; around.

'Tis time to look about. Shak.

2. In circuit; circularly; by a circuitous way; around the outside; as, a mile about, and a third of a mile across.

3. Here and there; around; in one place and another.

Wandering about from house to house. 1 Tim. v. 13.

4. Nearly; approximately; with close correspondence, in quality, manner, degree, etc.; as, about as cold; about as high; -- also of quantity, number, time. "There fell . . . about three thousand men." Exod. xxii. 28.

5. To a reserved position; half round; in the opposite direction; on the opposite tack; as, to face about; to turn one's self about. To bring about, to cause to take place; to accomplish. -- To come about, to occur; to take place. See under Come. -- To go about, To set about, to undertake; to arrange; to prepare. "Shall we set about some revels? Shak. -- Round about, in every direction around.

About-sledge

A*bout"-sledge" (#), n. The largest hammer used by smiths. Weale.

Above

A*bove" (#), prep. [OE. above, aboven, abuffe, AS. abufon; an (or on) on + be by + ufan upward; cf. Goth. uf under. \'fb199. See Over.]

1. In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface; over; -- opposed to below or beneath.

Fowl that may fly above the earth. Gen. i. 20.

2. Figuratively, higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; beyond; higher in measure or degree than; as, things above comprehension; above mean actions; conduct above reproach. "Thy worth . . . is actions above my gifts." Marlowe.

I saw in the way a light from heaven above the brightness of the sun. Acts xxxvi. 13.

3. Surpassing in number or quantity; more than; as, above a hundred. (Passing into the adverbial sense. See Above, adv., 4.) above all, before every other consideration; chiefly; in preference to other things. Over and above, prep. or adv., besides; in addition to.

Above

A*bove" (#), adv.

1. In a higher place; overhead; into or from heaven; as, the clouds above.

2. Earlier in order; higher in the same page; hence, in a foregoing page. "That was said above." Dryden.

3. Higher in rank or power; as, he appealed to the court above.

4. More than; as, above five hundred were present. Above is often used elliptically as an adjective by omitting the word mentioned, quoted, or the like; as, the above observations, the above reference, the above articles. -- Above is also used substantively. "The waters that come down from above." Josh. iii. 13. It is also used as the first part of a compound in the sense of before, previously; as, above-cited, above-described, above-mentioned, above-named, abovesaid, abovespecified, above-written, above-given.

Aboveboard

A*bove"board` (#), adv. Above the board or table. Hence: in open sight; without trick, concealment, or deception. "Fair and aboveboard." Burke. &hand; This expression is said by Johnson to have been borrowed from gamesters, who, when they change their cards, put their hands under the table.

Above-cited

A*bove"-cit`ed (#), a. Cited before, in the preceding part of a book or writing.

Abovedeck

A*bove"deck` (#), a. On deck; and hence, like aboveboard, without artifice. Smart.

Above-mentioned, Above-named

A*bove"-men`tioned (#), A*bove"-named`
(#), a. Mentioned or named before; aforesaid.

Abovesaid

A*bove"said` (#), a. Mentioned or recited before.

Abox

A*box" (#), adv. & a. (Naut.) Braced aback.

Abracadabra

Ab`ra*ca*dab"ra (#), n. [L. Of unknown origin.] A mystical word or collocation of letters written as in the figure. Worn on an amulet it was supposed to ward off fever. At present the word is used chiefly in jest to denote something without meaning; jargon.

Abradant

Ab*ra"dant (#), n. A material used for grinding, as emery, sand, powdered glass, etc.

Abrade

Ab*rade" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abraded; p. pr. & vb. n. Abrading.] [L. abradere, abrasum, to scrape off; ab + radere to scrape. See Rase, Raze.] To rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction; as, to abrade rocks. Lyell.

Abrade

A*brade" (#), v. t. Same as Abraid. [Obs.]

Abrahamic

A`bra*ham"ic (#), a. Pertaining to Abraham, the patriarch; as, the Abrachamic covenant.

Abrahamitic, ical

A`bra*ham*it"ic, *ic*al
(#), a. Relating to the patriarch Abraham.

Abraham-man or Abram-man

A"bra*ham-man`(#) or A"bram-man`
(#), n. [Possibly in allusion to the parable of the beggar Lazarus in Luke xvi. Murray (New Eng. Dict. ).] One of a set of vagabonds who formerly roamed through England, feigning lunacy for the sake of obtaining alms. Nares. To sham Abraham, to feign sickness. Goldsmith.

Abraid

A*braid" (#), v. t. & i. [OE. abraiden, to awake, draw (a sword), AS. \'bebredgan to shake, draw; pref. \'be- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning out) + bregdan to shake, throw. See Braid.] To awake; to arouse; to stir or start up; also, to shout out. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Abranchial

A*bran"chi*al (#), a. (Zo\'94l.) Abranchiate.

Abranchiata

A*bran`chi*a"ta (#), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of annelids, so called because the species composing it have no special organs of respiration.

Abranchiate

A*bran"chi*ate (#), a. (Zo\'94l.) Without gills.

Abrase

Ab*rase" (#), a. [L. abrasus, p. p. of abradere. See Abrade.] Rubbed smooth. [Obs.] "An abrase table." B. Jonson.

Abrasion

Ab*ra"sion (#), n. [L. abrasio, fr. abradere. See Abrade.]

1. The act of abrading, wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction; as, the abrasion of coins.

2. The substance rubbed off. Berkeley.

3. (Med.) A superficial excoriation, with loss of substance under the form of small shreds. Dunglison.

Abrasive

Ab*ra"sive (#), a. Producing abrasion. Ure.

Abraum or Abraum salts

A*braum" or A*braum" salts (#)
, n. [Ger., fr. abr\'84umen to remove.] A red ocher used to darken mahogany and for making chloride of potassium.

Abraxas

A*brax"as (#), n. [A name adopted by the Egyptian Gnostic Basilides, containing the Greek letters \'3ca\'3e, \'3cb\'3e, \'3cr\'3e, \'3ca\'3e, \'3cx\'3e, \'3ca\'3e, \'3cs\'3e, which, as numerals, amounted to 365. It was used to signify the supreme deity as ruler of the 365 heavens of his system.] A mystical word used as a charm and engraved on gems among the ancients; also, a gem stone thus engraved.

Abray

A*bray" (#), v. [A false form from the preterit abraid, abrayde.] See Abraid. [Obs.] Spenser.

Abreast

A*breast" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + breast.]

1. Side by side, with breasts in a line; as, "Two men could hardly walk abreast." Macaulay.

2. (Naut.) Side by side; also, opposite; over against; on a line with the vessel's beam; -- with of.

3. Up to a certain level or line; equally advanced; as, to keep abreast of [or with] the present state of science.

4. At the same time; simultaneously. [Obs.]

Abreast therewith began a convocation. Fuller.

Abregge

A*breg"ge (#), v. t. See Abridge. [Obs.]

Abrenounce

Ab`re*nounce" (#), v. t. [L. abrenuntiare; ab + renuntiare. See Renounce.] To renounce. [Obs.] "They abrenounce and cast them off." Latimer.

Abrenunciation

Ab`re*nun`ci*a"tion (#), n. [LL. abrenuntiatio. See Abrenounce.] Absolute renunciation or repudiation. [Obs.]
An abrenunciation of that truth which he so long had professed, and still believed. Fuller.

Abreption

Ab*rep"tion (#), n. [L. abreptus, p. p. of abripere to snatch away; ab + rapere to snatch.] A snatching away. [Obs.]

Abreuvoir

A`breu`voir" (#), n. [F., a watering place.] (Masonry) The joint or interstice between stones, to be filled with mortar. Gwilt.

Abricock

A"bri*cock (#), n. See Apricot. [Obs.]

Abridge

A*bridge" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abridged (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Abridging.] [OE. abregen, OF. abregier, F. abr\'82ger, fr. L. abbreviare; ad + brevis short. See Brief and cf. Abbreviate.]

1. To make shorter; to shorten in duration; to lessen; to diminish; to curtail; as, to abridge labor; to abridge power or rights. "The bridegroom . . . abridged his visit." Smollett.

She retired herself to Sebaste, and abridged her train from state to necessity. Fuller.

2. To shorten or contract by using fewer words, yet retaining the sense; to epitomize; to condense; as, to abridge a history or dictionary.

3. To deprive; to cut off; -- followed by of, and formerly by from; as, to abridge one of his rights.

Abridger

A*bridg"er (#), n. One who abridges.

Abridgment

A*bridg"ment (#), n. [OE. abregement. See Abridge.]

1. The act abridging, or the state of being abridged; diminution; lessening; reduction or deprivation; as, an abridgment of pleasures or of expenses.

2. An epitome or compend, as of a book; a shortened or abridged form; an abbreviation.

Ancient coins as abridgments of history. Addison.

3. That which abridges or cuts short; hence, an entertainment that makes the time pass quickly. [Obs.]

What abridgment have you for this evening? What mask? What music? Shak.
Syn. -- Abridgment, Compendium, Epitome, Abstract, Synopsis. An abridgment is made by omitting the less important parts of some larger work; as, an abridgment of a dictionary. A compendium is a brief exhibition of a subject, or science, for common use; as, a compendium of American literature. An epitome corresponds to a compendium, and gives briefly the most material points of a subject; as, an epitome of history. An abstract is a brief statement of a thing in its main points. A synopsis is a bird's-eye view of a subject, or work, in its several parts.

Abroach

A*broach" (#), v. t. [OE. abrochen, OF. abrochier. See Broach.] To set abroach; to let out, as liquor; to broach; to tap. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Abroach

A*broach", adv. [Pref. a- + broach.]

1. Broached; in a condition for letting out or yielding liquor, as a cask which is tapped.

Hogsheads of ale were set abroach. Sir W. Scott.

2. Hence: In a state to be diffused or propagated; afoot; astir. "Mischiefs that I set abroach." Shak.

Abroad

A*broad" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + broad.]

1. At large; widely; broadly; over a wide space; as, a tree spreads its branches abroad.

The fox roams far abroad. Prior.

2. Without a certain confine; outside the house; away from one's abode; as, to walk abroad.

I went to St. James', where another was preaching in the court abroad. Evelyn.

3. Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign countries; as, we have broils at home and enemies abroad. "Another prince . . . was living abroad." Macaulay.

4. Before the public at large; throughout society or the world; here and there; widely.

He went out, and began to publish it much, and to blaze abroad the matter. Mark i. 45.
To be abroad. (a) To be wide of the mark; to be at fault; as, you are all abroad in your guess. (b) To be at a loss or nonplused.

Abrogable

Ab"ro*ga*ble (#), a. Capable of being abrogated.

Abrogate

Ab"ro*gate (#), a. [L. abrogatus, p. p.] Abrogated; abolished. [Obs.] Latimer.

Abrogate

Ab"ro*gate (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abrogated; p. pr. & vb. n. Abrogating.] [L. abrogatus, p. p. of abrogare; ab + rogare to ask, require, propose. See Rogation.]

1. To annul by an authoritative act; to abolish by the authority of the maker or his successor; to repeal; -- applied to the repeal of laws, decrees, ordinances, the abolition of customs, etc.

Let us see whether the New Testament abrogates what we so frequently see in the Old. South.
Whose laws, like those of the Medes and Persian, they can not alter or abrogate. Burke.

2. To put an end to; to do away with. Shak. Syn. -- To abolish; annul; do away; set aside; revoke; repeal; cancel; annihilate. See Abolish.

Abrogation

Ab`ro*ga"tion (#), n. [L. abrogatio, fr. abrogare: cf. F. abrogation.] The act of abrogating; repeal by authority. Hume.

Abrogative

Ab"ro*ga*tive (#), a. Tending or designed to abrogate; as, an abrogative law.

Abrogator

Ab"ro*ga`tor (#), n. One who repeals by authority.

Abrood

A*brood" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + brood.] In the act of brooding. [Obs.] Abp. Sancroft.

Abrook

A*brook" (#), v. t. [Pref. a- + brook, v.] To brook; to endure. [Obs.] Shak.

Abrupt

Ab*rupt" (#), a. [L. abruptus, p. p. of abrumpere to break off; ab + rumpere to break. See Rupture.]

1. Broken off; very steep, or craggy, as rocks, precipices, banks; precipitous; steep; as, abrupt places. "Tumbling through ricks abrupt," Thomson.

2. Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious. "The cause of your abrupt departure." Shak.

3. Having sudden transitions from one subject to another; unconnected.

The abrupt style, which hath many breaches. B. Jonson.

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4. (Bot.) Suddenly terminating, as if cut off. Gray. Syn. -- Sudden; unexpected; hasty; rough; curt; unceremonious; rugged; blunt; disconnected; broken.

Abrupt

Ab*rupt" (#), n. [L. abruptum.] An abrupt place. [Poetic]
"Over the vast abrupt." Milton.

Abrupt

Ab*rupt", v. t. To tear off or asunder. [Obs.] "Till death abrupts them." Sir T. Browne.

Abruption

Ab*rup"tion (#), n. [L. abruptio, fr. abrumpere: cf. F. abruption.] A sudden breaking off; a violent separation of bodies. Woodward.

Abruptly

Ab*rupt"ly, adv.

1. In an abrupt manner; without giving notice, or without the usual forms; suddenly.

2. Precipitously. Abruptly pinnate (Bot.), pinnate without an odd leaflet, or other appendage, at the end. Gray.

Abruptness

Ab*rupt"ness, n.

1. The state of being abrupt or broken; craggedness; ruggedness; steepness.

2. Suddenness; unceremonious haste or vehemence; as, abruptness of style or manner.

Abscess

Ab"scess (#), n.; pl. Abscesses (#). [L. abscessus a going away, gathering of humors, abscess, fr. abscessus, p. p. of absedere to go away; ab, abs + cedere to go off, retire. See Cede.] (Med.) A collection of pus or purulent matter in any tissue or organ of the body, the result of a morbid process. Cold abscess, an abscess of slow formation, unattended with the pain and heat characteristic of ordinary abscesses, and lasting for years without exhibiting any tendency towards healing; a chronic abscess.

Abscession

Ab*sces"sion (#), n. [L. abscessio a separation; fr. absedere. See Abscess.] A separating; removal; also, an abscess. [Obs.] Gauden. Barrough.

Abscind

Ab*scind" (#), v. t. [L. absindere; ab + scindere to rend, cut. See Schism.] To cut off. [R.] "Two syllables . . . abscinded from the rest." Johnson.

Abscision

Ab*sci"sion (#), n. [L. abscisio.] See Abscission.

Absciss

Ab"sciss (#), n.; pl. Abscisses (#). See Abscissa.

Abscissa

Ab*scis"sa (#), n.; E. pl. Abscissas, L. pl. Absciss\'91. [L., fem. of abscissus, p. p. of absindere to cut of. See Abscind.] (Geom.) One of the elements of reference by which a point, as of a curve, is referred to a system of fixed rectilineal co\'94rdinate axes. When referred to two intersecting axes, one of them called the axis of abscissas, or of X, and the other the axis of ordinates, or of Y, the abscissa of the point is the distance cut off from the axis of X by a line drawn through it and parallel to the axis of Y. When a point in space is referred to three axes having a common intersection, the abscissa may be the distance measured parallel to either of them, from the point to the plane of the other two axes. Abscissas and ordinates taken together are called co\'94rdinates. -- OX or PY is the abscissa of the point P of the curve, OY or PX its ordinate, the intersecting lines OX and OY being the axes of abscissas and ordinates respectively, and the point O their origin.

Abscission

Ab*scis"sion (#), n. [L. abscissio. See Abscind.]

1. The act or process of cutting off. "Not to be cured without the abscission of a member." Jer. Taylor.

2. The state of being cut off. Sir T. Browne.

3. (Rhet.) A figure of speech employed when a speaker having begun to say a thing stops abruptly: thus, "He is a man of so much honor and candor, and of such generosity -- but I need say no more."

Abscond

Ab*scond" (#), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Absconded; p. pr. & vb. n. Absconding.] [L. abscondere to hide; ab, abs + condere to lay up; con + d\'ddre (only in comp.) to put. Cf. Do.]

1. To hide, withdraw, or be concealed.

The marmot absconds all winter. Ray.

2. To depart clandestinely; to steal off and secrete one's self; -- used especially of persons who withdraw to avoid a legal process; as, an absconding debtor.

That very homesickness which, in regular armies, drives so many recruits to abscond. Macaulay.

Abscond

Ab*scond", v. t. To hide; to conceal. [Obs.] Bentley.

Abscondence

Ab*scond"ence (#), n. Fugitive concealment; secret retirement; hiding. [R.] Phillips.

Absconder

Ab*scond"er (#), n. One who absconds.

Absence

Ab"sence (#), n. [F., fr. L. absentia. See Absent.]

1. A state of being absent or withdrawn from a place or from companionship; -- opposed to presence.

Not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence. Phil. ii. 12.

2. Want; destitution; withdrawal. "In the absence of conventional law." Kent.

3. Inattention to things present; abstraction (of mind); as, absence of mind. "Reflecting on the little absences and distractions of mankind." Addison.

To conquer that abstraction which is called absence. Landor.

Absent

Ab"sent (#), a. [F., fr. absens, absentis, p. pr. of abesse to be away from; ab + esse to be. Cf. Sooth.]

1. Being away from a place; withdrawn from a place; not present. "Expecting absent friends." Shak.

2. Not existing; lacking; as, the part was rudimental or absent.

3. Inattentive to what is passing; absent-minded; preoccupied; as, an absent air.

What is commonly called an absent man is commonly either a very weak or a very affected man. Chesterfield.
Syn. -- Absent, Abstracted. These words both imply a want of attention to surrounding objects. We speak of a man as absent when his thoughts wander unconsciously from present scenes or topics of discourse; we speak of him as abstracted when his mind (usually for a brief period) is drawn off from present things by some weighty matter for reflection. Absence of mind is usually the result of loose habits of thought; abstraction commonly arises either from engrossing interests and cares, or from unfortunate habits of association.

Absent

Ab*sent" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Absented; p. pr. & vb. n. Absenting.] [Cf. F. absenter.]

1. To take or withdraw (one's self) to such a distance as to prevent intercourse; -- used with the reflexive pronoun.

If after due summons any member absents himself, he is to be fined. Addison.

2. To withhold from being present. [Obs.] "Go; for thy stay, not free, absents thee more." Milton.

Absentaneous

Ab`sen*ta"ne*ous (#), a. [LL. absentaneus. See absent] Pertaining to absence. [Obs.]

Absentation

Ab`sen*ta"tion (#), n. The act of absenting one's self. Sir W. Hamilton.

Absentee

Ab`sen*tee" (#), n. One who absents himself from his country, office, post, or duty; especially, a landholder who lives in another country or district than that where his estate is situated; as, an Irish absentee. Macaulay.

Absenteeism

Ab`sen*tee"ism (#), n. The state or practice of an absentee; esp. the practice of absenting one's self from the country or district where one's estate is situated.

Absenter

Ab*sent"er (#), n. One who absents one's self.

Absently

Ab"sent*ly (#), adv. In an absent or abstracted manner.

Absentment

Ab*sent"ment (#), n. The state of being absent; withdrawal. [R.] Barrow.

Absent-minded

Ab`sent-mind"ed(#), a. Absent in mind; abstracted; preoccupied. -- Ab`sent-mind"ed*ness, n. -- Ab`sent-mind"ed*ly, adv.

Absentness

Ab"sent*ness (#), n. The quality of being absent-minded. H. Miller.

Absey-book

Ab"sey-book`(#), n. An A-B-C book; a primer. [Obs.] Shak.

Absinthate

Ab"sin"thate (#), n. (Chem.) A combination of absinthic acid with a base or positive radical.

Absinth, Absinthe

Ab"sinth`, Ab"sinthe` (#), n. [F. absinthe. See Absinthium.]

1. The plant absinthium or common wormwood.

2. A strong spirituous liqueur made from wormwood and brandy or alcohol.

Absinthial

Ab*sin"thi*al (#), a. Of or pertaining to wormwood; absinthian.

Absinthian

Ab*sin"thi*an (#), n. Of the nature of wormwood. "Absinthian bitterness." T. Randolph.

Absinthiate

Ab"sin"thi*ate (#), v. t. [From L. absinthium: cf. L. absinthiatus, a.] To impregnate with wormwood.

Absinthiated

Ab*sin"thi*a`ted (#), a. Impregnated with wormwood; as, absinthiated wine.

Absinthic

Ab*sin"thic (#), a. (Chem.) Relating to the common wormwood or to an acid obtained from it.

Absinthin

Ab*sin"thin (#), n. (Chem.) The bitter principle of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium). Watts.

Absinthism

Ab"sin*thism (#), n. The condition of being poisoned by the excessive use of absinth.

Absinthium

Ab*sin"thi*um (#), n. [L., from Gr. (Bot.) The common wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), an intensely bitter plant, used as a tonic and for making the oil of wormwood.

Absis

Ab"sis (#), n. See Apsis.

Absist

Ab*sist" (#), v. i. [L. absistere, p. pr. absistens; ab + sistere to stand, causal of stare.] To stand apart from; top leave off; to desist. [Obs.] Raleigh.

Absistence

Ab*sist"ence (#), n. A standing aloof. [Obs.]

Absolute

Ab"so*lute (#), a. [L. absolutus, p. p. of absolvere: cf. F. absolu. See Absolve.]

1. Loosed from any limitation or condition; uncontrolled; unrestricted; unconditional; as, absolute authority, monarchy, sovereignty, an absolute promise or command; absolute power; an absolute monarch.

2. Complete in itself; perfect; consummate; faultless; as, absolute perfection; absolute beauty.

So absolute she seems, And in herself complete. Milton.

3. Viewed apart from modifying influences or without comparison with other objects; actual; real; -- opposed to relative and comparative; as, absolute motion; absolute time or space. Absolute rights and duties are such as pertain to man in a state of nature as contradistinguished from relative rights and duties, or such as pertain to him in his social relations.

4. Loosed from, or unconnected by, dependence on any other being; self-existent; self-sufficing. &hand; In this sense God is called the Absolute by the Theist. The term is also applied by the Pantheist to the universe, or the total of all existence, as only capable of relations in its parts to each other and to the whole, and as dependent for its existence and its phenomena on its mutually depending forces and their laws.

5. Capable of being thought or conceived by itself alone; unconditioned; non-relative. &hand; It is in dispute among philosopher whether the term, in this sense, is not applied to a mere logical fiction or abstraction, or whether the absolute, as thus defined, can be known, as a reality, by the human intellect.

To Cusa we can indeed articulately trace, word and thing, the recent philosophy of the absolute. Sir W. Hamilton.

6. Positive; clear; certain; not doubtful. [R.]

I am absolute 't was very Cloten. Shak.

7. Authoritative; peremptory. [R.]

The peddler stopped, and tapped her on the head, With absolute forefinger, brown and ringed. Mrs. Browning.

8. (Chem.) Pure; unmixed; as, absolute alcohol.

9. (Gram.) Not immediately dependent on the other parts of the sentence in government; as, the case absolute. See Ablative absolute, under Ablative. Absolute curvature (Geom.), that curvature of a curve of double curvature, which is measured in the osculating plane of the curve. -- Absolute equation (Astron.), the sum of the optic and eccentric equations. -- Absolute space (Physics), space considered without relation to material limits or objects. -- Absolute terms. (Alg.), such as are known, or which do not contain the unknown quantity. Davies & Peck. -- Absolute temperature (Physics), the temperature as measured on a scale determined by certain general thermo-dynamic principles, and reckoned from the absolute zero. -- Absolute zero (Physics), the be ginning, or zero point, in the scale of absolute temperature. It is equivalent to -273° centigrade or -459.4° Fahrenheit. Syn. -- Positive; peremptory; certain; unconditional; unlimited; unrestricted; unqualified; arbitrary; despotic; autocratic.

Absolute

Ab"so*lute (#), n. (Geom.) In a plane, the two imaginary circular points at infinity; in space of three dimensions, the imaginary circle at infinity.

Absolutely

Ab"so*lute*ly, adv. In an absolute, independent, or unconditional manner; wholly; positively.

Absoluteness

Ab"so*lute*ness, n. The quality of being absolute; independence of everything extraneous; unlimitedness; absolute power; independent reality; positiveness.

Absolution

Ab`so*lu"tion (#), n. [F. absolution, L. absolutio, fr. absolvere to absolve. See Absolve.]

1. An absolving, or setting free from guilt, sin, or penalty; forgiveness of an offense. "Government . . . granting absolution to the nation." Froude.

2. (Civil Law) An acquittal, or sentence of a judge declaring and accused person innocent. [Obs.]

3. (R. C. Ch.) The exercise of priestly jurisdiction in the sacrament of penance, by which Catholics believe the sins of the truly penitent are forgiven. &hand; In the English and other Protestant churches, this act regarded as simply declaratory, not as imparting forgiveness.

4. (Eccl.) An absolving from ecclesiastical penalties, -- for example, excommunication. P. Cyc.

5. The form of words by which a penitent is absolved. Shipley.

6. Delivery, in speech. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Absolution day (R. C. Ch.), Tuesday before Easter.

Absolutism

Ab"so*lu`tism (#), n.

1. The state of being absolute; the system or doctrine of the absolute; the principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary government; despotism.

The element of absolutism and prelacy was controlling. Palfrey.

2. (Theol.) Doctrine of absolute decrees. Ash.

Absolutist

Ab"so*lu`tist (#), n.

1. One who is in favor of an absolute or autocratic government.

2. (Metaph.) One who believes that it is possible to realize a cognition or concept of the absolute. Sir. W. Hamilton.

Absolutist

Ab"so*lu`tist, a. Of or pertaining to absolutism; arbitrary; despotic; as, absolutist principles.

Absolutistic

Ab`so*lu*tis"tic (#), a. Pertaining to absolutism; absolutist.

Absolutory

Ab*sol"u*to*ry (#), a. [L. absolutorius, fr. absolvere to absolve.] Serving to absolve; absolving. "An absolutory sentence." Ayliffe.

Absolvable

Ab*solv"a*ble (#), a. That may be absolved.

Absolvatory

Ab*solv"a*to*ry (#), a. Conferring absolution; absolutory.

Absolve

Ab*solve" (#; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Absolved (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Absolving.] [L. absolvere to set free, to absolve; ab + solvere to loose. See Assoil, Solve.]

1. To set free, or release, as from some obligation, debt, or responsibility, or from the consequences of guilt or such ties as it would be sin or guilt to violate; to pronounce free; as, to absolve a subject from his allegiance; to absolve an offender, which amounts to an acquittal and remission of his punishment.

Halifax was absolved by a majority of fourteen. Macaulay.

2. To free from a penalty; to pardon; to remit (a sin); -- said of the sin or guilt.

In his name I absolve your perjury. Gibbon.

3. To finish; to accomplish. [Obs.]

The work begun, how soon absolved. Milton.

4. To resolve or explain. [Obs.] "We shall not absolve the doubt." Sir T. Browne.

Syn. -- To Absolve, Exonerate, Acquit. We speak of a man as absolved from something that binds his conscience, or involves the charge of wrongdoing; as, to absolve from allegiance or from the obligation of an oath, or a promise. We speak of a person as exonerated, when he is released from some burden which had rested upon him; as, to exonerate from suspicion, to exonerate from blame or odium. It implies a purely moral acquittal. We speak of a person as acquitted, when a decision has been made in his favor with reference to a specific charge, either by a jury or by disinterested persons; as, he was acquitted of all participation in the crime.

Absolvent

Ab*solv"ent (#), a. [L. absolvens, p. pr. of absolvere.] Absolving. [R.] Carlyle.

Absolvent

Ab*solv"ent, n. An absolver. [R.] Hobbes.

Absolver

Ab*solv"er (#), n. One who absolves. Macaulay.

Absonant

Ab"so*nant (#), a. [L. ab + sonans, p. pr. of sonare to sound.] Discordant; contrary; -- opposed to consonant. "Absonant to nature." Quarles.

Absonous

Ab"so*nous (#), a. [L. absonus; ab + sonus sound.] Discordant; inharmonious; incongruous. [Obs.] "Absonous to our reason." Glanvill.

Absorb

Ab*sorb" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Absorbed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Absorbing.] [L. absorbere; ab + sorbere to suck in, akin to Gr. absorber.]

1. To swallow up; to engulf; to overwhelm; to cause to disappear as if by swallowing up; to use up; to include. "Dark oblivion soon absorbs them all." Cowper.

The large cities absorb the wealth and fashion. W. Irving.

2. To suck up; to drink in; to imbibe; as a sponge or as the lacteals of the body. Bacon.

3. To engross or engage wholly; to occupy fully; as, absorbed in study or the pursuit of wealth.

4. To take up by cohesive, chemical, or any molecular action, as when charcoal absorbs gases. So heat, light, and electricity are absorbed or taken up in the substances into which they pass. Nichol. p. 8 Syn. -- To Absorb, Engross, Swallow up, Engulf. These words agree in one general idea, that of completely taking up. They are chiefly used in a figurative sense and may be distinguished by a reference to their etymology. We speak of a person as absorbed (lit., drawn in, swallowed up) in study or some other employment of the highest interest. We speak of a person as ebgrossed (lit., seized upon in the gross, or wholly) by something which occupies his whole time and thoughts, as the acquisition of wealth, or the attainment of honor. We speak of a person (under a stronger image) as swallowed up and lost in that which completely occupies his thoughts and feelings, as in grief at the death of a friend, or in the multiplied cares of life. We speak of a person as engulfed in that which (like a gulf) takes in all his hopes and interests; as, engulfed in misery, ruin, etc.

That grave question which had begun to absorb the Christian mind -- the marriage of the clergy. Milman.
Too long hath love engrossed Britannia's stage, And sunk to softness all our tragic rage. Tickell.
Should not the sad occasion swallow up My other cares? Addison.
And in destruction's river Engulf and swallow those. Sir P. Sidney.

Absorbability

Ab*sorb`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. The state or quality of being absorbable. Graham (Chemistry).

Absorbable

Ab*sorb"a*ble, a. [Cf. F. absorbable.] Capable of being absorbed or swallowed up. Kerr.

Absorbedly

Ab*sorb"ed*ly, adv. In a manner as if wholly engrossed or engaged.

Absorbency

Ab*sorb"en*cy (#), n. Absorptiveness.

Absorbent

Ab*sorb"ent (#), a. [L. absorbens, p. pr. of absorbere.] Absorbing; swallowing; absorptive. Absorbent ground (Paint.), a ground prepared for a picture, chiefly with distemper, or water colors, by which the oil is absorbed, and a brilliancy is imparted to the colors.

Absorbent

Ab*sorb"ent, n.

1. Anything which absorbs.

The ocean, itself a bad absorbent of heat. Darwin.

2. (Med.) Any substance which absorbs and neutralizes acid fluid in the stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, etc.; also a substance e. g., iodine) which acts on the absorbent vessels so as to reduce enlarged and indurated parts.

3. pl. (Physiol.) The vessels by which the processes of absorption are carried on, as the lymphatics in animals, the extremities of the roots in plants.

Absorber

Ab*sorb"er (#), n. One who, or that which, absorbs.

Absorbing

Ab*sorb"ing, a. Swallowing, engrossing; as, an absorbing pursuit. -- Ab*sorb"ing, adv.

Absorbition

Ab`sor*bi"tion (#), n. Absorption. [Obs.]

Absorpt

Ab*sorpt` (#), a. [L. absorptus, p. p.] Absorbed. [Arcahic.] "Absorpt in care." Pope.

Absorption

Ab*sorp"tion (#), n. [L. absorptio, fr. absorbere. See Absorb.]

1. The act or process of absorbing or sucking in anything, or of being absorbed and made to disappear; as, the absorption of bodies in a whirlpool, the absorption of a smaller tribe into a larger.

2. (Chem. & Physics) An imbibing or reception by molecular or chemical action; as, the absorption of light, heat, electricity, etc.

3. (Physiol.) In living organisms, the process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are absorbed and conveyed to the tissues and organs.

4. Entire engrossment or occupation of the mind; as, absorption in some employment.

Absorptive

Ab*sorp"tive (#), a. Having power, capacity, or tendency to absorb or imbibe. E. Darwin.

Absorptiveness

Ab*sorp"tive*ness, n. The quality of being absorptive; absorptive power.

Absorptivity

Ab`sorp*tiv"i*ty (#), n. Absorptiveness.

Absquatulate

Ab*squat"u*late (#), v. i. To take one's self off; to decamp. [A jocular word. U. S.]

Absque hoc

Abs"que hoc (#). [L., without this.] (Law) The technical words of denial used in traversing what has been alleged, and is repeated.

Abstain

Ab*stain" (#), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Abstained (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Abstaining.] [OE. absteynen, abstenen, OF. astenir, abstenir, F. abstenir, fr. L. abstinere, abstentum, v. t. & v. i., to keep from; ab, abs + tenere to hold. See Tenable.] To hold one's self aloof; to forbear or refrain voluntarily, and especially from an indulgence of the passions or appetites; -- with from.
Not a few abstained from voting. Macaulay.
Who abstains from meat that is not gaunt? Shak.
Syn. -- To refrain; forbear; withhold; deny one's self; give up; relinquish.

Abstain

Ab*stain", v. t. To hinder; to withhold.
Whether he abstain men from marrying. Milton.

Abstainer

Ab*stain"er (#), n. One who abstains; esp., one who abstains from the use of intoxicating liquors.

Abstemious

Ab*ste"mi*ous (#), a. [L. abstemius; ab, abs + root of temetum intoxicating drink.]

1. Abstaining from wine. [Orig. Latin sense.]

Under his special eye Abstemious I grew up and thrived amain. Milton.

2. Sparing in diet; refraining from a free use of food and strong drinks; temperate; abstinent; sparing in the indulgence of the appetite or passions.

Instances of longevity are chiefly among the abstemious. Arbuthnot.

3. Sparingly used; used with temperance or moderation; as, an abstemious diet. Gibbon.

4. Marked by, or spent in, abstinence; as, an abstemious life. "One abstemious day." Pope.

5. Promotive of abstemiousness. [R.]

Such is the virtue of the abstemious well. Dryden.

Abstemiousness

Ab*ste"mi*ous*ness, n. The quality of being abstemious, temperate, or sparing in the use of food and strong drinks. It expresses a greater degree of abstinence than temperance.

Abstention

Ab*sten"tion (#), a. [F. See Abstain.] The act of abstaining; a holding aloof. Jer. Taylor.

Abstentious

Ab*sten"tious (#), a. Characterized by abstinence; self-restraining. Farrar.

Absterge

Ab*sterge (#), v. t. [L. abstergere, abstersum; ab, abs + tergere to wipe. Cf. F absterger.] To make clean by wiping; to wipe away; to cleanse; hence, to purge. [R.] Quincy.

Abstergent

Ab*ster"gent (#), a. [L. abstergens, p. pr. of abstergere.] Serving to cleanse, detergent.

Abstergent

Ab*ster"gent, n. A substance used in cleansing; a detergent; as, soap is an abstergent.

Absterse

Ab*sterse" (#), v. t. To absterge; to cleanse; to purge away. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Abstersion

Ab*ster"sion (#), n. [F. abstersion. See Absterge.] Act of wiping clean; a cleansing; a purging.
The task of ablution and abstersion being performed. Sir W. Scott.

Abstersive

Ab*ster"sive (#), a. [Cf. F. abstersif. See Absterge.] Cleansing; purging. Bacon.

Abstersive

Ab*ster"sive, n. Something cleansing.
The strong abstersive of some heroic magistrate. Milton.

Abstersiveness

Ab*ster"sive*ness, n. The quality of being abstersive. Fuller.

Abstinence

Ab"sti*nence (#), n. [F. abstinence, L. abstinentia, fr. abstinere. See Abstain.]

1. The act or practice of abstaining; voluntary forbearance of any action, especially the refraining from an indulgence of appetite, or from customary gratifications of animal or sensual propensities. Specifically, the practice of abstaining from intoxicating beverages, -- called also total abstinence.

The abstinence from a present pleasure that offers itself is a pain, nay, oftentimes, a very great one. Locke.

2. The practice of self-denial by depriving one's self of certain kinds of food or drink, especially of meat.

Penance, fasts, and abstinence, To punish bodies for the soul's offense. Dryden.

Abstinency

Ab"sti*nen*cy (#), n. Abstinence. [R.]

Abstinent

Ab"sti*nent (#), a. [F. abstinent, L. abstinens, p. pr. of abstinere. See Abstain.] Refraining from indulgence, especially from the indulgence of appetite; abstemious; continent; temperate. Beau. & Fl.

Abstinent

Ab"sti*nent, n.

1. One who abstains.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect who appeared in France and Spain in the 3d century.

Abstinently

Ab"sti*nent*ly, adv. With abstinence.

Abstorted

Ab*stort"ed (#), a. [As if fr. abstort, fr. L. ab, abs + tortus, p. p. of torquere to twist.] Wrested away. [Obs.] Bailey.

Abstract

Ab"stract` (#; 277), a. [L. abstractus, p. p. of abstrahere to draw from, separate; ab, abs + trahere to draw. See Trace.]

1. Withdraw; separate. [Obs.]

The more abstract . . . we are from the body. Norris.

2. Considered apart from any application to a particular object; separated from matter; exiting in the mind only; as, abstract truth, abstract numbers. Hence: ideal; abstruse; difficult.

3. (Logic) (a) Expressing a particular property of an object viewed apart from the other properties which constitute it; -- opposed to concrete; as, honesty is an abstract word. J. S. Mill. (b) Resulting from the mental faculty of abstraction; general as opposed to particular; as, "reptile" is an abstract or general name. Locke.

A concrete name is a name which stands for a thing; an abstract name which stands for an attribute of a thing. A practice has grown up in more modern times, which, if not introduced by Locke, has gained currency from his example, of applying the expression "abstract name" to all names which are the result of abstraction and generalization, and consequently to all general names, instead of confining it to the names of attributes. J. S. Mill.

4. Abstracted; absent in mind. "Abstract, as in a trance." Milton. An abstract idea (Metaph.), an idea separated from a complex object, or from other ideas which naturally accompany it; as the solidity of marble when contemplated apart from its color or figure. -- Abstract terms, those which express abstract ideas, as beauty, whiteness, roundness, without regarding any object in which they exist; or abstract terms are the names of orders, genera or species of things, in which there is a combination of similar qualities. -- Abstract numbers (Math.), numbers used without application to things, as 6, 8, 10; but when applied to any thing, as 6 feet, 10 men, they become concrete. -- Abstract ∨ Pure mathematics. See Mathematics.

Abstract

Ab*stract" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abstracted; p. pr. & vb. n. Abstracting.] [See Abstract, a.]

1. To withdraw; to separate; to take away.

He was incapable of forming any opinion or resolution abstracted from his own prejudices. Sir W. Scott.

2. To draw off in respect to interest or attention; as, his was wholly abstracted by other objects.

The young stranger had been abstracted and silent. Blackw. Mag.

3. To separate, as ideas, by the operation of the mind; to consider by itself; to contemplate separately, as a quality or attribute. Whately.

4. To epitomize; to abridge. Franklin.

5. To take secretly or dishonestly; to purloin; as, to abstract goods from a parcel, or money from a till.

Von Rosen had quietly abstracted the bearing-reins from the harness. W. Black.

6. (Chem.) To separate, as the more volatile or soluble parts of a substance, by distillation or other chemical processes. In this sense extract is now more generally used.

Abstract

Ab*stract", v. t. To perform the process of abstraction. [R.]
I own myself able to abstract in one sense. Berkeley.

Abstract

Ab"stract` (#), n. [See Abstract, a.]

1. That which comprises or concentrates in itself the essential qualities of a larger thing or of several things. Specifically: A summary or an epitome, as of a treatise or book, or of a statement; a brief.

An abstract of every treatise he had read. Watts.
Man, the abstract Of all perfection, which the workmanship Of Heaven hath modeled. Ford.

2. A state of separation from other things; as, to consider a subject in the abstract, or apart from other associated things.

3. An abstract term.

The concretes "father" and "son" have, or might have, the abstracts "paternity" and "filiety." J. S. Mill.

4. (Med.) A powdered solid extract of a vegetable substance mixed with sugar of milk in such proportion that one part of the abstract represents two parts of the original substance. Abstract of title (Law), an epitome of the evidences of ownership. Syn. -- Abridgment; compendium; epitome; synopsis. See Abridgment.

Abstracted

Ab*stract"ed (#), a.

1. Separated or disconnected; withdrawn; removed; apart.

The evil abstracted stood from his own evil. Milton.

2. Separated from matter; abstract; ideal. [Obs.]

3. Abstract; abstruse; difficult. [Obs.] Johnson.

4. Inattentive to surrounding objects; absent in mind. "An abstracted scholar." Johnson.

Abstractedly

Ab*stract"ed*ly, adv. In an abstracted manner; separately; with absence of mind.

Abstractedness

Ab*stract"ed*ness, n. The state of being abstracted; abstract character.

Abstracter

Ab*stract"er (#), n. One who abstracts, or makes an abstract.

Abstraction

Ab*strac"tion (#), n. [Cf. F. abstraction. See Abstract, a.]

1. The act of abstracting, separating, or withdrawing, or the state of being withdrawn; withdrawal.

A wrongful abstraction of wealth from certain members of the community. J. S. Mill.

2. (Metaph.) The act process of leaving out of consideration one or more properties of a complex object so as to attend to others; analysis. Thus, when the mind considers the form of a tree by itself, or the color of the leaves as separate from their size or figure, the act is called abstraction. So, also, when it considers whiteness, softness, virtue, existence, as separate from any particular objects. &hand; Abstraction is necessary to classification, by which things are arranged in genera and species. We separate in idea the qualities of certain objects, which are of the same kind, from others which are different, in each, and arrange the objects having the same properties in a class, or collected body.

Abstraction is no positive act: it is simply the negative of attention. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. An idea or notion of an abstract, or theoretical nature; as, to fight for mere abstractions.

4. A separation from worldly objects; a recluse life; as, a hermit's abstraction.

5. Absence or absorption of mind; inattention to present objects.

6. The taking surreptitiously for one's own use part of the property of another; purloining. [Modern]

7. (Chem.) A separation of volatile parts by the act of distillation. Nicholson.

Abstractional

Ab*strac"tion*al (#), a. Pertaining to abstraction.

Abstractionist

Ab*strac"tion*ist, n. An idealist. Emerson.

Abstractitious

Ab`strac*ti"tious (#), a. Obtained from plants by distillation. [Obs.] Crabb.

Abstractive

Ab*strac"tive (#), a. [Cf. F. abstractif.] Having the power of abstracting; of an abstracting nature. "The abstractive faculty." I. Taylor.

Abstractively

Ab*strac"tive*ly, adv. In a abstract manner; separately; in or by itself. Feltham.

Abstractiveness

Ab*strac"tive*ness, n. The quality of being abstractive; abstractive property.

Abstractly

Ab"stract`ly (#; 277), adv. In an abstract state or manner; separately; absolutely; by itself; as, matter abstractly considered.

Abstractness

Ab"stract`ness, n. The quality of being abstract. "The abstractness of the ideas." Locke.

Abstringe

Ab*stringe" (#), v. t. [L ab + stringere, strictum, to press together.] To unbind. [Obs.] Bailey.

Abstrude

Ab*strude" (#), v. t. [L. abstrudere. See Abstruse.] To thrust away. [Obs.] Johnson.

Abstruse

Ab*struse" (#), a. [L. abstrusus, p. p. of abstrudere to thrust away, conceal; ab, abs + trudere to thrust; cf. F. abstrus. See Threat.]

1. Concealed or hidden out of the way. [Obs.]

The eternal eye whose sight discerns Abstrusest thoughts. Milton.

2. Remote from apprehension; difficult to be comprehended or understood; recondite; as, abstruse learning.

Profound and abstruse topics. Milman.

Abstrusely

Ab*struse"ly, adv. In an abstruse manner.

Abstruseness

Ab*struse"ness, n. The quality of being abstruse; difficulty of apprehension. Boyle.

Abstrusion

Ab*stru"sion (#), n. [L. abstrusio. See Abstruse.] The act of thrusting away. [R.] Ogilvie.

Abstrusity

Ab*stru"si*ty (#), n. Abstruseness; that which is abstruse. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Absume

Ab*sume" (#), v. t. [L. absumere, absumptum; ab + sumere to take.] To consume gradually; to waste away. [Obs.] Boyle.

Absumption

Ab*sump"tion (#; 215), n. [L. absumptio. See Absume.] Act of wasting away; a consuming; extinction. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Absurd

Ab*surd" (#), a. [L. absurdus harsh-sounding; ab + (prob) a derivative fr. a root svar to sound; not connected with surd: cf. F. absurde. See Syringe.] Contrary to reason or propriety; obviously and fiatly opposed to manifest truth; inconsistent with the plain dictates of common sense; logically contradictory; nonsensical; ridiculous; as, an absurd person, an absurd opinion; an absurd dream.
This proffer is absurd and reasonless. Shak.
'This phrase absurd to call a villain great. Pope.
p. 9
Syn. -- Foolish; irrational; ridiculous; preposterous; inconsistent; incongruous. -- Absurd, Irrational, Foolish, Preposterous. Of these terms, irrational is the weakest, denoting that which is plainly inconsistent with the dictates of sound reason; as, an irrational course of life. Foolish rises higher, and implies either a perversion of that faculty, or an absolute weakness or fatuity of mind; as, foolish enterprises. Absurd rises still higher, denoting that which is plainly opposed to received notions of propriety and truth; as, an absurd man, project, opinion, story, argument, etc. Preposterous rises still higher, and supposes an absolute inversion in the order of things; or, in plain terms, a "putting of the cart before the horse;" as, a preposterous suggestion, preposterous conduct, a preposterous regulation or law.

Absurd

Ab*surd" (#), n. An absurdity. [Obs.] Pope.

Absurdity

Ab*surd"i*ty (#), n.; pl. Absurdities (#). [L. absurditas: cf. F. absurdite.]

1. The quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment. "The absurdity of the actual idea of an infinite number." Locke.

2. That which is absurd; an absurd action; a logical contradiction.

His travels were full of absurdities. Johnson.

Absurdly

Ab*surd"ly, adv. In an absurd manner.

Absurdness

Ab*surd"ness, n. Absurdity. [R.]

Abuna

A*bu"na (#), n. [Eth. and Ar., our father.] The Patriarch, or head of the Abyssinian Church.

Abundance

A*bun"dance (#), n. [OE. (h)abudaunce, abundance, F. abundance, F. abondance, L. abundantia, fr. abundare. See Abound.] An overflowing fullness; ample sufficiency; great plenty; profusion; copious supply; superfluity; wealth: -- strictly applicable to quantity only, but sometimes used of number.
It is lamentable to remember what abundance of noble blood hath been shed with small benefit to the Christian state. Raleigh.
Syn. -- Exuberance; plenteousness; plenty; copiousness; overflow; riches; affluence; wealth. -- Abundance, Plenty, Exuberance. These words rise upon each other in expressing the idea of fullness. Plenty denotes a sufficiency to supply every want; as, plenty of food, plenty of money, etc. Abundance express more, and gives the idea of superfluity or excess; as, abundance of riches, an abundance of wit and humor; often, however, it only denotes plenty in a high degree. Exuberance rises still higher, and implies a bursting forth on every side, producing great superfluity or redundance; as, an exuberance of mirth, an exuberance of animal spirits, etc.

Abundant

A*bun"dant (#), a. [OE. (h)abundant, aboundant, F. abondant, fr. L. abudans, p. pr. of abundare. See Abound.] Fully sufficient; plentiful; in copious supply; -- followed by in, rarely by with. "Abundant in goodness and truth." Exod. xxxiv. 6. Abundant number (Math.), a number, the sum of whose aliquot parts exceeds the number itself. Thus, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, the aliquot parts of 12, make the number 16. This is opposed to a deficient number, as 14, whose aliquot parts are 1, 2, 7, the sum of which is 10; and to a perfect number, which is equal to the sum of its aliquot parts, as 6, whose aliquot parts are 1, 2., 3. Syn. -- Ample; plentiful; copious; plenteous; exuberant; overflowing; rich; teeming; profuse; bountiful; liberal. See Ample.

Abundantly

A*bun"dant*ly, adv. In a sufficient degree; fully; amply; plentifully; in large measure.

Aburst

A*burst" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + burst.] In a bursting condition.

Abusable

A*bus"a*ble (#), a. That may be abused.

Abusage

A*bus"age (#), n. Abuse. [Obs.] Whately (1634).

Abuse

A*buse" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abused (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Abusing.] [F. abuser; L. abusus, p. p. of abuti to abuse, misuse; ab + uti to use. See Use.]

1. To put to a wrong use; to misapply; to misuse; to put to a bad use; to use for a wrong purpose or end; to pervert; as, to abuse inherited gold; to make an excessive use of; as, to abuse one's authority.

This principle (if one may so abuse the word) shoots rapidly into popularity. Froude.

2. To use ill; to maltreat; to act injuriously to; to punish or to tax excessively; to hurt; as, to abuse prisoners, to abuse one's powers, one's patience.

3. To revile; to reproach coarsely; to disparage.

The . . . tellers of news abused the general. Macaulay.

4. To dishonor. "Shall flight abuse your name?" Shak.

5. To violate; to ravish. Spenser.

6. To deceive; to impose on. [Obs.]

Their eyes red and staring, cozened with a moist cloud, and abused by a double object. Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- To maltreat; injure; revile; reproach; vilify; vituperate; asperse; traduce; malign.

Abuse

A*buse" (#), n. [F. abus, L. abusus, fr. abuti. See Abuse, v. t.]

1. Improper treatment or use; application to a wrong or bad purpose; misuse; as, an abuse of our natural powers; an abuse of civil rights, or of privileges or advantages; an abuse of language.

Liberty may be endangered by the abuses of liberty, as well as by the abuses of power. Madison.

2. Physical ill treatment; injury. "Rejoice . . . at the abuse of Falstaff." Shak.

3. A corrupt practice or custom; offense; crime; fault; as, the abuses in the civil service.

Abuse after disappeared without a struggle.. Macaulay.

4. Vituperative words; coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; virulent condemnation; reviling.

The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of abuse, came to blows. Macaulay.

5. Violation; rape; as, abuse of a female child. [Obs.]

Or is it some abuse, and no such thing? Shak.
Abuse of distress (Law), a wrongful using of an animal or chattel distrained, by the distrainer. Syn. -- Invective; contumely; reproach; scurrility; insult; opprobrium. -- Abuse, Invective. Abuse is generally prompted by anger, and vented in harsh and unseemly words. It is more personal and coarse than invective. Abuse generally takes place in private quarrels; invective in writing or public discussions. Invective may be conveyed in refined language and dictated by indignation against what is blameworthy. C. J. Smith.

Abuseful

A*buse"ful (#), a. Full of abuse; abusive. [R.] "Abuseful names." Bp. Barlow.

Abuser

A*bus"er (#), n. One who abuses [in the various senses of the verb].

Abusion

A*bu"sion (#), n. [OE. abusion, abusioun, OF. abusion, fr. L. abusio misuse of words, f. abuti. See Abuse, v. t.] Evil or corrupt usage; abuse; wrong; reproach; deception; cheat. Chaucer.

Abusive

A*bu"sive (#), a. [Cf. F. abusif, fr. L. abusivus.]

1. Wrongly used; perverted; misapplied.

I am . . . necessitated to use the word Parliament improperly, according to the abusive acceptation thereof. Fuller.

2. Given to misusing; also, full of abuses. [Archaic] "The abusive prerogatives of his see." Hallam.

3. Practicing abuse; prone to ill treat by coarse, insulting words or by other ill usage; as, an abusive author; an abusive fellow.

4. Containing abuse, or serving as the instrument of abuse; vituperative; reproachful; scurrilous. "An abusive lampoon." Johnson.

5. Tending to deceive; fraudulent; cheating. [Obs.] "An abusive treaty." Bacon. Syn. -- Reproachful; scurrilous; opprobrious; insolent; insulting; injurious; offensive; reviling.

Abusively

A*bu"sive*ly, adv. In an abusive manner; rudely; with abusive language.

Abusiveness

A*bu"sive*ness, n. The quality of being abusive; rudeness of language, or violence to the person.
Pick out mirth, like stones out of thy ground, Profaneness, filthiness, abusiveness. Herbert.

Abut

A*but" (#), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Abutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Abutting.] [OF. abouter, aboter; cf. F. aboutir, and also abuter; a (L. ad) + OF. boter, buter, to push: cf. F. bout end, and but end, purpose.] To project; to terminate or border; to be contiguous; to meet; -- with on, upon, or against; as, his land abuts on the road.

Abutilon

A*bu"ti*lon (#), n. [Ar. aub\'d4t\'c6l\'d4n.] (Bot.) A genus of malvaceous plants of many species, found in the torrid and temperate zones of both continents; -- called also Indian mallow.

Abutment

A*but"ment (#), n.

1. State of abutting.

2. That on or against which a body abuts or presses; as (a) (Arch.) The solid part of a pier or wall, etc., which receives the thrust or lateral pressure of an arch, vault, or strut. Gwilt. (b) (mech.) A fixed point or surface from which resistance or reaction is obtained, as the cylinder head of a steam engine, the fulcrum of a lever, etc. (c) In breech-loading firearms, the block behind the barrel which receives the pressure due to recoil.

Abuttal

A*but"tal (#), n. The butting or boundary of land, particularly at the end; a headland. Spelman.

Abutter

A*but"ter (#), n. One who, or that which, abuts. Specifically, the owner of a contiguous estate; as, the abutters on a street or a river.

Abuzz

A*buzz" (#), a. [Pref. a- + buzz.] In a buzz; buzzing. [Colloq.] Dickens.

Aby, Abye

A*by", A*bye" (#), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Abought (#).] [AS. \'bebycgan to pay for; pref. \'be- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning out) + bycgan to buy. See Buy, and cf. Abide.]

1. To pay for; to suffer for; to atone for; to make amends for; to give satisfaction. [Obs.]

Lest to thy peril thou aby it dear. Shak.

2. To endure; to abide. [Obs.]

But nought that wanteth rest can long aby. Spenser.

Abysm

A*bysm" (#), n. [OF. abisme; F. abime, LL. abyssimus, a superl. of L. abyssus; Gr. Abyss.] An abyss; a gulf. "The abysm of hell." Shak.

Abysmal

A*bys"mal (#), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, an abyss; bottomless; unending; profound.
Geology gives one the same abysmal extent of time that astronomy does of space. Carlyle.

Abysmally

A*bys"mal*ly, adv. To a fathomless depth; profoundly. "Abysmally ignorant." G. Eliot.

Abyss

A*byss" (#), n. [L. abyssus a bottomless gulf, fr. Gr.

1. A bottomless or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep, immeasurable, and, specifically, hell, or the bottomless pit.

Ye powers and spirits of this nethermost abyss. Milton.
The throne is darkness, in the abyss of light. Dryden.

2. Infinite time; a vast intellectual or moral depth.

The abysses of metaphysical theology. Macaulay.
In unfathomable abysses of disgrace. Burke.

3. (Her.) The center of an escutcheon. &hand; This word, in its leading uses, is associated with the cosmological notions of the Hebrews, having reference to a supposed illimitable mass of waters from which our earth sprung, and beneath whose profound depths the wicked were punished. Encyc. Brit.

Abyssal

A*byss"al (#), a. [Cf. Abysmal.] Belonging to, or resembling, an abyss; unfathomable. Abyssal zone (Phys. Geog.), one of the belts or zones into which Sir E. Forbes divides the bottom of the sea in describing its plants, animals, etc. It is the one furthest from the shore, embracing all beyond one hundred fathoms deep. Hence, abyssal animals, plants, etc.

Abyssinian

Ab`ys*sin"i*an (#), a. Of or pertaining to Abyssinia. Abyssinian gold, an alloy of 90.74 parts of copper and 8.33 parts of zink. Ure.

Abyssinian

Ab`ys*sin"i*an, n.

1. A native of Abyssinia.

2. A member of the Abyssinian Church.

Acacia

A*ca"ci*a (#), n. (Antiq.) A roll or bag, filled with dust, borne by Byzantine emperors, as a memento of mortality. It is represented on medals.

Acacia

A*ca"cia (#), n.; pl. E. Acacias (#), L. Acaci\'91 (#). [L. from Gr. ak to be sharp. See Acute.]

1. A genus of leguminous trees and shrubs. Nearly 300 species are Australian or Polynesian, and have terete or vertically compressed leaf stalks, instead of the bipinnate leaves of the much fewer species of America, Africa, etc. Very few are found in temperate climates.

2. (Med.) The inspissated juice of several species of acacia; -- called also gum acacia, and gum arabic.

Acacin, Acacine

Ac"a*cin, Ac"a*cine (#), n. Gum arabic.

Academe

Ac`a*deme" (#), n. [L. academia. See Academy.] An academy. [Poetic] Shak.

Academial

Ac`a*de"mi*al (#), a. Academic. [R.]

Academian

Ac`a*de"mi*an (#), n. A member of an academy, university, or college.

Academic, Academical

Ac`a*dem"ic (#), Ac`a*dem"ic*al (#), a. [L. academicus: cf. F. acad\'82migue. See Academy.]

1. Belonging to the school or philosophy of Plato; as, the Academic sect or philosophy.

2. Belonging to an academy or other higher institution of learning; scholarly; literary or classical, in distinction from scientific. "Academic courses." Warburton. "Academical study." Berkeley.

Academic

Ac`a*dem"ic, n.

1. One holding the philosophy of Socrates and Plato; a Platonist. Hume.

2. A member of an academy, college, or university; an academician.

Academically

Ac`a*dem`ic*al*ly, adv. In an academical manner.

Academicals

Ac`a*dem"ic*als (#), n. pl. The articles of dress prescribed and worn at some colleges and universities.

Academician

Ac`a*de*mi"cian (#; 277), n. [F. acad\'82micien. See Academy.]

1. A member of an academy, or society for promoting science, art, or literature, as of the French Academy, or the Royal Academy of arts.

2. A collegian. [R.] Chesterfield.

Academicism

Ac`a*dem"i*cism (#), n.

1. A tenet of the Academic philosophy.

2. A mannerism or mode peculiar to an academy.

Academism

A*cad"e*mism (#), n. The doctrines of the Academic philosophy. [Obs.] Baxter.

Academist

A*cad"e*mist (#), n. [F. academiste.]

1. An Academic philosopher.

2. An academician. [Obs.] Ray.

Academy

A*cad"e*my (#), n.; pl. Academies (#). [F. acad\'82mie, L. academia. Cf. Academe.]

1. A garden or grove near Athens (so named from the hero Academus), where Plato and his followers held their philosophical conferences; hence, the school of philosophy of which Plato was head.

2. An institution for the study of higher learning; a college or a university. Popularly, a school, or seminary of learning, holding a rank between a college and a common school.

3. A place of training; a school. "Academies of fanaticism." Hume.

4. A society of learned men united for the advancement of the arts and sciences, and literature, or some particular art or science; as, the French Academy; the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; academies of literature and philology.

5. A school or place of training in which some special art is taught; as, the military academy at West Point; a riding academy; the Academy of Music. Academy figure (Paint.), a drawing usually half life-size, in crayon or pencil, after a nude model.

Acadian

A*ca"di*an (#), a. Of or pertaining to Acadie, or Nova Scotia. "Acadian farmers." Longfellow. -- n. A native of Acadie. Acadian epoch (Geol.), an epoch at the beginning of the American paleozoic time, and including the oldest American rocks known to be fossiliferous. See Geology. -- Acadian owl (Zo\'94l.), a small North American owl (Nyctule Acadica); the saw-whet.

Acajou

Ac"a*jou (#), n. [F. See Cashew.] (Bot.) (a) The cashew tree; also, its fruit. See Cashew. (b) The mahogany tree; also, its timber.

Acaleph, Acalephan

Ac"a*leph (#), Ac`a*le"phan (#) n.; pl. Acalephs (#), Acalephans (#). [See Acaleph\'91.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Acaleph\'91.

Acaleph\'91

Ac`a*le"ph\'91 (#), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. A group of C\'d2lenterata, including the Medus\'91 or jellyfishes, and hydroids; -- so called from the stinging power they possess. Sometimes called sea nettles.

Acalephoid

Ac`ale"phoid (#), a. [Acaleph + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to or resembling the Acaleph\'91 or jellyfishes.

Acalycine, Acalysinous

A*cal"y*cine (#), Ac`a*lys`i*nous
(#), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Without a calyx, or outer floral envelope.

Acanth

A*canth" (#), n. Same as Acanthus.

Acantha

A*can"tha (#), n. [Gr. Acute.]

1. (Bot.) A prickle.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A spine or prickly fin.

3. (Anat.) The vertebral column; the spinous process of a vertebra. Dunglison.

Acanthaceous

Ac"an*tha"ceous (#), a.

1. Armed with prickles, as a plant.

2. (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of which the acanthus is the type.


Page 10

Acanthine

A*can"thine (#), a. [L. acanthinus, Gr. Acanthus.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the plant acanthus.

Acanthocarpous

A*can`tho*car"pous (#), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having the fruit covered with spines.

Acanthocephala

A*can`tho*ceph"a*la (#), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of intestinal worms, having the proboscis armed with recurved spines.

Acanthocephalous

A*can`tho*ceph"a*lous (#), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a spiny head, as one of the Acanthocephala.

Acanthophorous

Ac`an*thoph"o*rous (#), a. [Gr. Spine-bearing. Gray.

Acanthopodious

A*can`tho*po"di*ous (#), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having spinous petioles.

Acanthopteri

Ac`an*thop"ter*i (#), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of teleostean fishes having spiny fins. See Acanthopterygii.

Acanthopterous

Ac`an*thop"ter*ous (#), a. [Gr.

1. (Zo\'94l.) Spiny-winged.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Acanthopterygious.

Acanthopterygian

Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*an (#), a. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the order of fishes having spinose fins, as the perch. -- n. A spiny-finned fish.

Acanthopterygii

Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*i (#), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes having some of the rays of the dorsal, ventral, and anal fins unarticulated and spinelike, as the perch.

Acanthopterygious

Ac`an*thop`ter*yg"i*ous (#), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having fins in which the rays are hard and spinelike; spiny-finned.

Acanthus

A*can"thus (#), n.; pl. E. Acanthuses (#), L. Acanthi (#). [L., from Gr. Acantha.]

1. (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous prickly plants, found in the south of Europe, Asia Minor, and India; bear's-breech.

2. (Arch.) An ornament resembling the foliage or leaves of the acanthus (Acanthus spinosus); -- used in the capitals of the Corinthian and Composite orders.

A cappella

A cap*pel"la (#). [It. See Chapel.] (Mus.) (a) In church or chapel style; -- said of compositions sung in the old church style, without instrumental accompaniment; as, a mass a capella, i. e., a mass purely vocal. (b) A time indication, equivalent to alla breve.

Acapsular

A*cap"su*lar (#), a. [Pref. a- not + capsular.] (Bot.) Having no capsule.

Acardiac

A*car"di*ac (#), a. [Gr. Without a heart; as, an acardiac fetus.

Acaridan

A*car"i*dan (#), n. [See Acarus.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a group of arachnids, including the mites and ticks.

Acarina

Ac`a*ri"na (#), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The group of Arachnida which includes the mites and ticks. Many species are parasitic, and cause diseases like the itch and mange.

Acarine

Ac"a*rine (#), a. (Med.) Of or caused by acari or mites; as, acarine diseases.

Acaroid

Ac"a*roid (#), a. [NL., acarus a mite + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Shaped like or resembling a mite.

Acarpellous

Ac`ar*pel"lous (#), a. [Pref. a- not + carpel.] (Bot.) Having no carpels.

Acarpous

A*car"pous (#), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Not producing fruit; unfruitful.

Acarus

Ac"a*rus (#), n.; pl. Acari (#). [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus including many species of small mites.

Acatalectic

A*cat`a*lec"tic (#), a. [L. acatalecticus, Gr. (Pros.) Not defective; complete; as, an acatalectic verse. -- n. A verse which has the complete number of feet and syllables.

Acatalepsy

A*cat"a*lep`sy (#), n. [Gr. Incomprehensibility of things; the doctrine held by the ancient Skeptic philosophers, that human knowledge never amounts to certainty, but only to probability.

Acataleptic

A*cat`a*lep"tic (#), a. [Gr. Incapable of being comprehended; incomprehensible.

Acater

A*ca"ter (#), n. See Caterer. [Obs.]

Acates

A*cates" (#), n. pl. See Cates. [Obs.]

Acaudate

A*cau"date (#), a. [Pref. a- not + caudate.] Tailless.

Acaulescent

Ac`au*les"cent (#), a. [Pref. a- not + caulescent.] (Bot.) Having no stem or caulis, or only a very short one concealed in the ground. Gray.

Acauline

A*cau"line (#), a. [Pref. a- not + cauline.] (Bot.) Same as Acaulescent.

Acaulose, Acaulous

A*cau"lose (#), A*cau"lous (#), a. [Gr. caulis stalk. See Cole.] (Bot.) Same as Acaulescent.

Accadian

Ac*ca"di*an (#), a. [From the city Accad. See Gen. x. 10.] Pertaining to a race supposed to have lived in Babylonia before the Assyrian conquest. -- Ac*ca"di*an, n., Ac"cad (#), n. Sayce.

Accede

Ac*cede" (#), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Acceded; p. pr. & vb. n. Acceding.] [L. accedere to approach, accede; ad + cedere to move, yield: cf. F. acc\'82dere. See Cede.]

1. To approach; to come forward; -- opposed to recede. [Obs.] T. Gale.

2. To enter upon an office or dignity; to attain.

Edward IV., who had acceded to the throne in the year 1461. T. Warton.
If Frederick had acceded to the supreme power. Morley.

3. To become a party by associating one's self with others; to give one's adhesion. Hence, to agree or assent to a proposal or a view; as, he acceded to my request.

The treaty of Hanover in 1725 . . . to which the Dutch afterwards acceded. Chesterfield.
Syn. -- To agree; assent; consent; comply; acquiesce; concur.

Accedence

Ac*ced"ence (#), n. The act of acceding.

Acceder

Ac*ced"er (#), n. One who accedes.

Accelerando

Ac*cel`er*an"do (#), a. [It.] (Mus.) Gradually accelerating the movement.

Accelerate

Ac*cel"er*ate (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accelerated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Accelerating.] [L. acceleratus, p. p. of accelerare; ad + celerare to hasten; celer quick. See Celerity.]

1. To cause to move faster; to quicken the motion of; to add to the speed of; -- opposed to retard.

2. To quicken the natural or ordinary progression or process of; as, to accelerate the growth of a plant, the increase of wealth, etc.

3. To hasten, as the occurence of an event; as, to accelerate our departure. Accelerated motion (Mech.), motion with a continually increasing velocity. -- Accelerating force, the force which causes accelerated motion. Nichol. Syn. -- To hasten; expedite; quicken; dispatch; forward; advance; further.

Acceleration

Ac*cel`er*a"tion (#), n. [L. acceleratio: cf. F. acc\'82l\'82ration.] The act of accelerating, or the state of being accelerated; increase of motion or action; as, a falling body moves toward the earth with an acceleration of velocity; -- opposed to retardation.
A period of social improvement, or of intellectual advancement, contains within itself a principle of acceleration. I. Taylor.
(Astr. & Physics.) Acceleration of the moon, the increase of the moon's mean motion in its orbit, in consequence of which its period of revolution is now shorter than in ancient times. -- Acceleration and retardation of the tides. See Priming of the tides, under Priming. -- Diurnal acceleration of the fixed stars, the amount by which their apparent diurnal motion exceeds that of the sun, in consequence of which they daily come to the meridian of any place about three minutes fifty-six seconds of solar time earlier than on the day preceding. -- Acceleration of the planets, the increasing velocity of their motion, in proceeding from the apogee to the perigee of their orbits.

Accelerative

Ac*cel"er*a*tive (#), a. Relating to acceleration; adding to velocity; quickening. Reid.

Accelerator

Ac*cel"er*a`tor (#), n. One who, or that which, accelerates. Also as an adj.; as, accelerator nerves.

Acceleratory

Ac*cel"er*a*to*ry (#), a. Accelerative.

Accelerograph

Ac*cel"er*o*graph (#), n. [Accelerate + -graph.] (Mil.) An apparatus for studying the combustion of powder in guns, etc.

Accelerometer

Ac*cel`er*om"e*ter (#), n. [Accelerate + -meter.] An apparatus for measuring the velocity imparted by gunpowder.

Accend

Ac*cend" (#), v. t. [L. accendere, accensum, to kindle; ad + cand\'cbre to kindle (only in compounds); rel. to cand\'c7re to be white, to gleam. See Candle.] To set on fire; to kindle. [Obs.] Fotherby.

Accendibility

Ac*cend`i*bil"i*ty (#), n. Capacity of being kindled, or of becoming inflamed; inflammability.

Accendible

Ac*cend"i*ble (#), a. Capable of being inflamed or kindled; combustible; inflammable. Ure.

Accension

Ac*cen"sion (#), n. The act of kindling or the state of being kindled; ignition. Locke.

Accensor

Ac*cen"sor (#), n. [LL., from p. p. accensus. See Accend.] (R. C. Ch.) One of the functionaries who light and trim the tapers.

Accent

Ac"cent` (#), n. [F. accent, L. accentus; ad + cantus a singing, canere to sing. See Cant.]

1. A superior force of voice or of articulative effort upon some particular syllable of a word or a phrase, distinguishing it from the others. &hand; Many English words have two accents, the primary and the secondary; the primary being uttered with a greater stress of voice than the secondary; as in as\'b7pira\'b6tion, where the chief stress is on the third syllable, and a slighter stress on the first. Some words, as an\'b7tiap\'b7o-plec\'b6tic, in-com\'b7pre-hen\'b7si-bil\'b6i-ty, have two secondary accents. See Guide to Pron., \'c5\'c5 30-46.

2. A mark or character used in writing, and serving to regulate the pronunciation; esp.: (a) a mark to indicate the nature and place of the spoken accent; (b) a mark to indicate the quality of sound of the vowel marked; as, the French accents. &hand; In the ancient Greek the acute accent (\'b7) meant a raised tone or pitch, the grave (`), the level tone or simply the negation of accent, the circumflex ( ~ or ^) a tone raised and then depressed. In works on elocution, the first is often used to denote the rising inflection of the voice; the second, the falling inflection; and the third (^), the compound or waving inflection. In dictionaries, spelling books, and the like, the acute accent is used to designate the syllable which receives the chief stress of voice.

3. Modulation of the voice in speaking; manner of speaking or pronouncing; peculiar or characteristic modification of the voice; tone; as, a foreign accent; a French or a German accent. "Beguiled you in a plain accent." Shak. "A perfect accent." Thackeray.

The tender accent of a woman's cry. Prior.

4. A word; a significant tone; (pl.) expressions in general; speech.

Winds! on your wings to Heaven her accents bear, Such words as Heaven alone is fit to hear. Dryden.

5. (Pros.) Stress laid on certain syllables of a verse.

6. (Mus.) (a) A regularly recurring stress upon the tone to mark the beginning, and, more feebly, the third part of the measure. (b) A special emphasis of a tone, even in the weaker part of the measure. (c) The rythmical accent, which marks phrases and sections of a period. (d) The expressive emphasis and shading of a passage. J. S. Dwight.

7. (Math.) (a) A mark placed at the right hand of a letter, and a little above it, to distinguish magnitudes of a similar kind expressed by the same letter, but differing in value, as y\'b7, y\'b7\'b7. (b) (Trigon.) A mark at the right hand of a number, indicating minutes of a degree, seconds, etc.; as, 12\'b727\'b7\'b7, i. e., twelve minutes twenty seven seconds. (c) (Engin.) A mark used to denote feet and inches; as, 6\'b7 10\'b7\'b7 is six feet ten inches.

Accent

Ac*cent" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accented; p. pr. & vb. n. Accenting.] [OF. accenter, F. accentuer.]

1. To express the accent of (either by the voice or by a mark); to utter or to mark with accent.

2. To mark emphatically; to emphasize.

Accentless

Ac"cent`less (#), a. Without accent.

Accentor

Ac*cen"tor (#), n. [L. ad. + cantor singer, canere to sing.]

1. (Mus.) One who sings the leading part; the director or leader. [Obs.]

2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of European birds (so named from their sweet notes), including the hedge warbler. In America sometimes applied to the water thrushes.

Accentuable

Ac*cen"tu*a*ble (#), a. Capable of being accented.

Accentual

Ac*cen"tu*al (#), a. Of or pertaining to accent; characterized or formed by accent.

Accentuality

Ac*cen`tu*al"i*ty (#), n. The quality of being accentual.

Accentually

Ac*cen"tu*al*ly (#), adv. In an accentual manner; in accordance with accent.

Accentuate

Ac*cen"tu*ate (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accentuated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Accentuating.] [LL. accentuatus, p. p. of accentuare, fr. L. accentus: cf. F. accentuer.]

1. To pronounce with an accent or with accents.

2. To bring out distinctly; to make prominent; to emphasize.

In Bosnia, the struggle between East and West was even more accentuated. London Times.

3. To mark with the written accent.

Accentuation

Ac*cen`tu*a"tion (#), n. [LL. accentuatio: cf. F. accentuation.] Act of accentuating; applications of accent. Specifically (Eccles. Mus.), pitch or modulation of the voice in reciting portions of the liturgy.

Accept

Ac*cept" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accepted; p. pr. & vb. n. Accepting.] [F. accepter, L. acceptare, freq. of accipere; ad + capere to take; akin to E. heave.]

1. To receive with a consenting mind (something offered); as, to accept a gift; -- often followed by of.

If you accept them, then their worth is great. Shak.
To accept of ransom for my son. Milton.
She accepted of a treat. Addison.

2. To receive with favor; to approve.

The Lord accept thy burnt sacrifice. Ps. xx. 3.
Peradventure he will accept of me. Gen. xxxii. 20.

3. To receive or admit and agree to; to assent to; as, I accept your proposal, amendment, or excuse.

4. To take by the mind; to understand; as, How are these words to be accepted?

5. (Com.) To receive as obligatory and promise to pay; as, to accept a bill of exchange. Bouvier.

6. In a deliberate body, to receive in acquittance of a duty imposed; as, to accept the report of a committee. [This makes it the property of the body, and the question is then on its adoption.] To accept a bill (Law), to agree (on the part of the drawee) to pay it when due. -- To accept service (Law), to agree that a writ or process shall be considered as regularly served, when it has not been. -- To accept the person (Eccl.), to show favoritism. "God accepteth no man's person." Gal. ii. 6. Syn. -- To receive; take; admit. See Receive.

Accept

Ac*cept", a. Accepted. [Obs.] Shak.

Acceptability

Ac*cept`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. [LL. acceptabilitas.] The quality of being acceptable; acceptableness. "Acceptability of repentance." Jer. Taylor.

Acceptable

Ac*cept"a*ble (#), a. [F. acceptable, L. acceptabilis, fr. acceptare.] Capable, worthy, or sure of being accepted or received with pleasure; pleasing to a receiver; gratifying; agreeable; welcome; as, an acceptable present, one acceptable to us.

Acceptableness

Ac*cept"a*ble*ness (#), n. The quality of being acceptable, or suitable to be favorably received; acceptability.

Acceptably

Ac*cept"a*bly, adv. In an acceptable manner; in a manner to please or give satisfaction.

Acceptance

Ac*cept"ance (#), n.

1. The act of accepting; a receiving what is offered, with approbation, satisfaction, or acquiescence; esp., favorable reception; approval; as, the acceptance of a gift, office, doctrine, etc.

They shall come up with acceptance on mine altar. Isa. lx. 7.

2. State of being accepted; acceptableness. "Makes it assured of acceptance." Shak.

3. (Com.) (a) An assent and engagement by the person on whom a bill of exchange is drawn, to pay it when due according to the terms of the acceptance. (b) The bill itself when accepted.

4. An agreeing to terms or proposals by which a bargain is concluded and the parties are bound; the reception or taking of a thing bought as that for which it was bought, or as that agreed to be delivered, or the taking possession as owner.

5. (Law) An agreeing to the action of another, by some act which binds the person in law. &hand; What acts shall amount to such an acceptance is often a question of great nicety and difficulty. Mozley & W. <-- p. 11 --> &hand; In modern law, proposal and acceptance are the constituent elements into which all contracts are resolved. Acceptance of a bill of exchange, check, draft, ∨ order, is an engagement to pay it according to the terms. This engagement is usually made by writing the word "accepted" across the face of the bill. Acceptance of goods, under the statute of frauds, is an intelligent acceptance by a party knowing the nature of the transaction.

6. Meaning; acceptation. [Obs.] Acceptance of persons, partiality, favoritism. See under Accept.

Acceptancy

Ac*cept"an*cy (#), n. Acceptance. [R.]
Here's a proof of gift, But here's no proof, sir, of acceptancy. Mrs. Browning.

Acceptant

Ac*cept"ant (#), a. Accepting; receiving.

Acceptant

Ac*cept"ant, n. An accepter. Chapman.

Acceptation

Ac`cep*ta"tion (#), n.

1. Acceptance; reception; favorable reception or regard; state of being acceptable. [Obs.]

This is saying worthy of all acceptation. 1 Tim. i. 15.
Some things . . . are notwithstanding of so great dignity and acceptation with God. Hooker.

2. The meaning in which a word or expression is understood, or generally received; as, term is to be used according to its usual acceptation.

My words, in common acceptation, Could never give this provocation. Gay.

Acceptedly

Ac*cept"ed*ly (#), adv. In a accepted manner; admittedly.

Accepter

Ac*cept"er (#), n.

1. A person who accepts; a taker.

2. A respecter; a viewer with partiality. [Obs.]

God is no accepter of persons. Chillingworth.

3. (Law) An acceptor.

Acceptilation

Ac*cep`ti*la"tion (#), n. [L. acceptilatio entry of a debt collected, acquittance, fr. p. p. of accipere (cf. Accept) + latio a carrying, fr. latus, p. p. of ferre to carry: cf. F. acceptilation.] (Civil Law) Gratuitous discharge; a release from debt or obligation without payment; free remission.

Acception

Ac*cep"tion (#), n. [L. acceptio a receiving, accepting: cf. F. acception.] Acceptation; the received meaning. [Obs.]
Here the word "baron" is not to be taken in that restrictive sense to which the modern acception hath confined it. Fuller.
Acception of persons or faces (Eccl.), favoritism; partiality. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Acceptive

Ac*cept"ive (#), a.

1. Fit for acceptance.

2. Ready to accept. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Acceptor

Ac*cept"or (#; 277), n. [L.] One who accepts; specifically (Law & Com.), one who accepts an order or a bill of exchange; a drawee after he has accepted.

Access

Ac*cess" (#; 277), n. [F. acc\'8as, L. accessus, fr. accedere. See Accede.]

1. A coming to, or near approach; admittance; admission; accessibility; as, to gain access to a prince.

I did repel his letters, and denied His access to me. Shak.

2. The means, place, or way by which a thing may be approached; passage way; as, the access is by a neck of land. "All access was thronged." Milton.

3. Admission to sexual intercourse.

During coverture, access of the husband shall be presumed, unless the contrary be shown. Blackstone.

4. Increase by something added; addition; as, an access of territory. [In this sense accession is more generally used.]

I, from the influence of thy looks, receive Access in every virtue. Milton.

5. An onset, attack, or fit of disease.

The first access looked like an apoplexy. Burnet.

6. A paroxysm; a fit of passion; an outburst; as, an access of fury. [A Gallicism]

Accessarily

Ac*ces"sa*ri*ly (#), adv. In the manner of an accessary.

Accessariness

Ac*ces"sa*ri*ness, n. The state of being accessary.

Accessary

Ac*ces"sa*ry (#; 277), a. Accompanying, as a subordinate; additional; accessory; esp., uniting in, or contributing to, a crime, but not as chief actor. See Accessory.
To both their deaths thou shalt be accessary. Shak.
Amongst many secondary and accessary causes that support monarchy, these are not of least reckoning. Milton.

Accessary

Ac*ces"sa*ry (277), n.; pl. Accessaries (#). [Cf. Accessory and LL. accessarius.] (Law) One who, not being present, contributes as an assistant or instigator to the commission of an offense. Accessary before the fact (Law), one who commands or counsels an offense, not being present at its commission. -- Accessary after the fact, one who, after an offense, assists or shelters the offender, not being present at the commission of the offense. &hand; This word, as used in law, is spelt accessory by Blackstone and many others; but in this sense is spelt accessary by Bouvier, Burrill, Burns, Whishaw, Dane, and the Penny Cyclopedia; while in other senses it is spelt accessory. In recent text-books on criminal law the distinction is not preserved, the spelling being either accessary or accessory.

Accessibility

Ac*cess`i*bil"i*ty (#), n. [L. accessibilitas: cf. F. accessibilit\'82.] The quality of being accessible, or of admitting approach; receptibility. Langhorne.

Accessible

Ac*cess"i*ble (#), a. [L. accessibilis, fr. accedere: cf. F. accessible. See Accede.]

1. Easy of access or approach; approachable; as, an accessible town or mountain, an accessible person.

2. Open to the influence of; -- with to. "Minds accessible to reason." Macaulay.

3. Obtainable; to be got at.

The best information . . . at present accessible. Macaulay.

Accessibly

Ac*cess"i*bly (#), adv. In an accessible manner.

Accession

Ac*ces"sion (#), n. [L. accessio, fr. accedere: cf. F. accession. See Accede.]

1. A coming to; the act of acceding and becoming joined; as, a king's accession to a confederacy.

2. Increase by something added; that which is added; augmentation from without; as, an accession of wealth or territory.

The only accession which the Roman empire received was the province of Britain. Gibbon.

3. (Law) (a) A mode of acquiring property, by which the owner of a corporeal substance which receives an addition by growth, or by labor, has a right to the part or thing added, or the improvement (provided the thing is not changed into a different species). Thus, the owner of a cow becomes the owner of her calf. (b) The act by which one power becomes party to engagements already in force between other powers. Kent.

4. The act of coming to or reaching a throne, an office, or dignity; as, the accession of the house of Stuart; -- applied especially to the epoch of a new dynasty.

5. (Med.) The invasion, approach, or commencement of a disease; a fit or paroxysm. Syn. -- Increase; addition; augmentation; enlargement.

Accessional

Ac*ces"sion*al (#), a. Pertaining to accession; additional. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Accessive

Ac*ces"sive (#), a. Additional.

Accessorial

Ac`ces*so"ri*al (#), a. Of or pertaining to an accessory; as, accessorial agency, accessorial guilt.

Accessorily

Ac*ces"so*ri*ly (#), adv. In the manner of an accessory; auxiliary.

Accessoriness

Ac*ces"so*ri*ness, n. The state of being accessory, or connected subordinately.

Accessory

Ac*ces"so*ry (#; 277), a. [L. accessorius. See Access, and cf. Accessary.] Accompanying as a subordinate; aiding in a secondary way; additional; connected as an incident or subordinate to a principal; contributing or contributory; said of persons and things, and, when of persons, usually in a bad sense; as, he was accessory to the riot; accessory sounds in music. &hand; Ash accents the antepenult; and this is not only more regular, but preferable, on account of easiness of pronunciation. Most orho\'89pists place the accent on the first syllable. Syn. -- Accompanying; contributory; auxiliary; subsidiary; subservient; additional; acceding.

Accessory

Ac*ces"so*ry, n.; pl. Accessories (#).

1. That which belongs to something else deemed the principal; something additional and subordinate. "The aspect and accessories of a den of banditti." Carlyle.

2. (Law) Same as Accessary, n.

3. (Fine Arts) Anything that enters into a work of art without being indispensably necessary, as mere ornamental parts. Elmes. Syn. -- Abettor; accomplice; ally; coadjutor. See Abettor.

Acciaccatura

Ac*ciac`ca*tu"ra (#), n. [It., from acciaccare to crush.] (Mus.) A short grace note, one semitone below the note to which it is prefixed; -- used especially in organ music. Now used as equivalent to the short appoggiatura.

Accidence

Ac"ci*dence (#), n. [A corruption of Eng. accidents, pl. of accident. See Accident, 2.]

1. The accidents, of inflections of words; the rudiments of grammar. Milton.

2. The rudiments of any subject. Lowell.

Accident

Ac"ci*dent (#), n. [F. accident, fr. L. accidens, -dentis, p. pr. of accidere to happen; ad + cadere to fall. See Cadence, Case.]

1. Literally, a befalling; an event that takes place without one's foresight or expectation; an undesigned, sudden, and unexpected event; chance; contingency; often, an undesigned and unforeseen occurrence of an afflictive or unfortunate character; a casualty; a mishap; as, to die by an accident.

Of moving accidents by flood and field. Shak.
Thou cam'st not to thy place by accident: It is the very place God meant for thee. Trench.

2. (Gram.) A property attached to a word, but not essential to it, as gender, number, case.

3. (Her.) A point or mark which may be retained or omitted in a coat of arms.

4. (Log.) (a) A property or quality of a thing which is not essential to it, as whiteness in paper; an attribute. (b) A quality or attribute in distinction from the substance, as sweetness, softness.

5. Any accidental property, fact, or relation; an accidental or nonessential; as, beauty is an accident.

This accident, as I call it, of Athens being situated some miles from the sea. J. P. Mahaffy.

6. Unusual appearance or effect. [Obs.] Chaucer. &hand; Accident, in Law, is equivalent to casus, or such unforeseen, extraordinary, extraneous interference as is out of the range of ordinary calculation.

Accidental

Ac`ci*den"tal (#), a. [Cf. F. accidentel, earlier accidental.]

1. Happening by chance, or unexpectedly; taking place not according to the usual course of things; casual; fortuitous; as, an accidental visit.

2. Nonessential; not necessary belonging; incidental; as, are accidental to a play. Accidental chords (Mus.), those which contain one or more tones foreign to their proper harmony. -- Accidental colors (Opt.), colors depending on the hypersensibility of the retina of the eye for complementary colors. They are purely subjective sensations of color which often result from the contemplation of actually colored bodies. -- Accidental point (Persp.), the point in which a right line, drawn from the eye, parallel to a given right line, cuts the perspective plane; so called to distinguish it from the principal point, or point of view, where a line drawn from the eye perpendicular to the perspective plane meets this plane. -- Accidental lights (Paint.), secondary lights; effects of light other than ordinary daylight, such as the rays of the sun darting through a cloud, or between the leaves of trees; the effect of moonlight, candlelight, or burning bodies. Fairholt. Syn. -- Casual; fortuitous; contingent; occasional; adventitious. -- Accidental, Incidental, Casual, Fortuitous, Contingent. We speak of a thing as accidental when it falls out as by chance, and not in the regular course of things; as, an accidental meeting, an accidental advantage, etc. We call a thing incidental when it falls, as it were, into some regular course of things, but is secondary, and forms no essential part thereof; as, an incremental remark, an incidental evil, an incidental benefit. We speak of a thing as casual, when it falls out or happens, as it were, by mere chance, without being prearranged or premeditated; as, a casual remark or encounter; a casual observer. An idea of the unimportant is attached to what is casual. Fortuitous is applied to what occurs without any known cause, and in opposition to what has been foreseen; as, a fortuitous concourse of atoms. We call a thing contingent when it is such that, considered in itself, it may or may not happen, but is dependent for its existence on something else; as, the time of my coming will be contingent on intelligence yet to be received.

Accidental

Ac`ci*den"tal (#), n.

1. A property which is not essential; a nonessential; anything happening accidentally.

He conceived it just that accidentals . . . should sink with the substance of the accusation. Fuller.

2. pl. (Paint.) Those fortuitous effects produced by luminous rays falling on certain objects so that some parts stand forth in abnormal brightness and other parts are cast into a deep shadow.

3. (Mus.) A sharp, flat, or natural, occurring not at the commencement of a piece of music as the signature, but before a particular note.

Accidentalism

Ac`ci*den"tal*ism (#), n. Accidental character or effect. Ruskin.

Accidentality

Ac`ci*den*tal"i*ty (#), n. The quality of being accidental; accidentalness. [R.] Coleridge.

Accidentally

Ac`ci*den"tal*ly (#), adv. In an accidental manner; unexpectedly; by chance; unintentionally; casually; fortuitously; not essentially.

Accidentalness

Ac`ci*den"tal*ness, n. The quality of being accidental; casualness.

Accidie

Ac"ci*die (#), n. [OF. accide, accidie, LL. accidia, acedia, fr. Gr. Sloth; torpor. [Obs.] "The sin of accidie." Chaucer.

Accipenser

Ac`ci*pen"ser (#), n. See Acipenser.

Accipient

Ac*cip"i*ent (#), n. [L. accipiens, p. pr. of accipere. See Accept.] A receiver. [R.] Bailey

Accipiter

Ac*cip"i*ter (#), n.; pl. E. Accipiters (#). L. Accipitres (#). [L., hawk.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of rapacious birds; one of the Accipitres or Raptores.

2. (Surg.) A bandage applied over the nose, resembling the claw of a hawk.

Accipitral

Ac*cip"i*tral (#), n. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a falcon or hawk; hawklike. Lowell.

Accipitres

Ac*cip"i*tres (#), n. pl. [L., hawks.] (Zo\'94l.) The order that includes rapacious birds. They have a hooked bill, and sharp, strongly curved talons. There are three families, represented by the vultures, the falcons or hawks, and the owls.

Accipitrine

Ac*cip"i*trine (#; 277), a. [Cf. F. accipitrin.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or belonging to the Accipitres; raptorial; hawklike.

Accismus

Ac*cis"mus (#), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) Affected refusal; coyness.

Accite

Ac*cite" (#), v. t. [L. accitus, p. p. of accire, accere, to call for; ad + ciere to move, call. See Cite.] To cite; to summon. [Obs.]
Our heralds now accited all that were Endamaged by the Elians. Chapman.

Acclaim

Ac*claim" (#), v. t. [L. acclamare; ad + clamare to cry out. See Claim, Clamor.] [R.]

1. To applaud. "A glad acclaiming train." Thomson.

2. To declare by acclamations.

While the shouting crowd Acclaims thee king of traitors. Smollett.

3. To shout; as, to acclaim my joy.

Acclaim

Ac*claim", v. i. To shout applause.

Acclaim

Ac*claim", n. Acclamation. [Poetic] Milton.

Acclaimer

Ac*claim"er (#), n. One who acclaims.

Acclamation

Ac`cla*ma"tion (#), n. [L. acclamatio: cf. F. acclamation.]

1. A shout of approbation, favor, or assent; eager expression of approval; loud applause.

On such a day, a holiday having been voted by acclamation, an ordinary walk would not satisfy the children. Southey.

2. (Antiq.) A representation, in sculpture or on medals, of people expressing joy. Acclamation medals are those on which laudatory acclamations are recorded. Elmes.

Acclamatory

Ac*clam"a*to*ry (#), a. Pertaining to, or expressing approval by, acclamation.

Acclimatable

Ac*cli"ma*ta*ble (#), a. Capable of being acclimated.

Acclimatation

Ac*cli`ma*ta"tion (#), n. [Cf. F. acclimation. See Acclimate.] Acclimatization.

Acclimate

Ac*cli"mate (#; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acclimated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acclimating.] [F. acclimater; \'85 (l. ad) + climat climate. See Climate.] To habituate to a climate not native; to acclimatize. J. H. Newman.

Acclimatement

Ac*cli"mate*ment (#), n. Acclimation. [R.]

Acclimation

Ac`cli*ma"tion (#), n. The process of becoming, or the state of being, acclimated, or habituated to a new climate; acclimatization.

Acclimatizable

Ac*cli"ma*ti`za*ble (#), a. Capable of being acclimatized.
Page 12

Acclimatization

Ac*cli"ma*ti*za"tion (#), n. The act of acclimatizing; the process of inuring to a new climate, or the state of being so inured. Darwin.

Acclimatize

Ac*cli"ma*tize (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acclimatized (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acclimatizing (#).] To inure or habituate to a climate different from that which is natural; to adapt to the peculiarities of a foreign or strange climate; said of man, the inferior animals, or plants.

Acclimature

Ac*cli"ma*ture (#; 135), n. The act of acclimating, or the state of being acclimated. [R.] Caldwell.

Acclive

Ac*clive" (#), a. Acclivous. [Obs.]

Accliffitous

Ac*cliff"i*tous (#), a. Acclivous. I. Taylor.

Acclivity

Ac*cliv"i*ty, n.; pl. Acclivities (#). [L. acclivitas, fr. acclivis, acclivus, ascending; ad + clivus a hill, slope, fr. root kli to lean. See Lean.] A slope or inclination of the earth, as the side of a hill, considered as ascending, in opposition to declivity, or descending; an upward slope; ascent.

Acclivous

Ac*cli"vous (#; 277), a. [L. acclivis and acclivus.] Sloping upward; rising as a hillside; -- opposed to declivous.

Accloy

Ac*cloy" (#), v. t. [OF. encloyer, encloer, F. enclouer, to drive in a nail, fr. L. in + clavus nail.] To fill to satiety; to stuff full; to clog; to overload; to burden. See Cloy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Accoast

Ac*coast" (#), v. t. & i. [See Accost, Coast.] To lie or sail along the coast or side of; to accost. [Obs.]
Whether high towering or accosting low. Spenser.

Accoil

Ac*coil" (#), v. t. [OE. acoillir to receive, F. accueillir; L. ad + colligere to collect. See Coil.]

1. To gather together; to collect. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. (Naut.) To coil together. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Accolade

Ac`co*lade" (#; 277), n. [F. accolade, It. accolata, fr. accollare to embrace; L. ad + collum neck.]

1. A ceremony formerly used in conferring knighthood, consisting am embrace, and a slight blow on the shoulders with the flat blade of a sword.

2. (Mus.) A brace used to join two or more staves.

Accombination

Ac*com*bi*na"tion (#), n. [L. ad + E. combination.] A combining together. [R.]

Accommodable

Ac*com"mo*da*ble (#), a. [Cf. F. accommodable.] That may be accommodated, fitted, or made to agree. [R.] I. Watts.

Accommodableness

Ac*com"mo*dable*ness, n. The quality or condition of being accommodable. [R.] Todd.

Accommodate

Ac*com"mo*date (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accommodated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Accommodating (#).] [L. accommodatus, p. p. of accommodare; ad + commodare to make fit, help; con- + modus measure, proportion. See Mode.]

1. To render fit, suitable, or correspondent; to adapt; to conform; as, to accommodate ourselves to circumstances. "They accomodate their counsels to his inclination." Addison.

2. To bring into agreement or harmony; to reconcile; to compose; to adjust; to settle; as, to accommodate differences, a dispute, etc.

3. To furnish with something desired, needed, or convenient; to favor; to oblige; as, to accommodate a friend with a loan or with lodgings.

4. To show the correspondence of; to apply or make suit by analogy; to adapt or fit, as teachings to accidental circumstances, statements to facts, etc.; as, to accommodate prophecy to events. Syn. -- To suit; adapt; conform; adjust; arrange.

Accommodate

Ac*com"mo*date, v. i. To adapt one's self; to be conformable or adapted. [R.] Boyle.

Accommodate

Ac*com"mo*date (#), a. [L. accommodatus, p.p. of accommodare.] Suitable; fit; adapted; as, means accommodate to end. [Archaic] Tillotson.

Accommodately

Ac*com"mo*date*ly, adv. Suitably; fitly. [R.]

Accommodateness

Ac*com"mo*date*ness, n. Fitness. [R.]

Accommodating

Ac*com"mo*da`ting (#), a. Affording, or disposed to afford, accommodation; obliging; as an accommodating man, spirit, arrangement.

Accommodation

Ac*com`mo*da"tion (#), n. [L. accommodatio, fr. accommodare: cf. F. accommodation.]

1. The act of fitting or adapting, or the state of being fitted or adapted; adaptation; adjustment; -- followed by to. "The organization of the body with accommodation to its functions." Sir M. Hale.

2. Willingness to accommodate; obligingness.

3. Whatever supplies a want or affords ease, refreshment, or convenience; anything furnished which is desired or needful; -- often in the plural; as, the accomodations -- that is, lodgings and food -- at an inn. Sir W. Scott.

4. An adjustment of differences; state of agreement; reconciliation; settlement. "To come to terms of accommodation." Macaulay.

5. The application of a writer's language, on the ground of analogy, to something not originally referred to or intended.

Many of those quotations from the Old Testament were probably intended as nothing more than accommodations. Paley.

6. (Com.) (a) A loan of money. (b) An accommodation bill or note. Accommodation bill, or note (Com.), a bill of exchange which a person accepts, or a note which a person makes and delivers to another, not upon a consideration received, but for the purpose of raising money on credit. -- Accommodation coach, or train, one running at moderate speed and stopping at all or nearly all stations. -- Accommodation ladder (Naut.), a light ladder hung over the side of a ship at the gangway, useful in ascending from, or descending to, small boats.

Accommodator

Ac*com"mo*da`tor (#), n. He who, or that which, accommodates. Warburton.

Accompanable

Ac*com"pa*na*ble (#), a. Sociable. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Accompanier

Ac*com"pa*ni*er (#), n. He who, or that which, accompanies. Lamb.

Accompaniment

Ac*com"pa*ni*ment (#), n. [F. accompagnement.] That which accompanies; something that attends as a circumstance, or which is added to give greater completeness to the principal thing, or by way of ornament, or for the sake of symmetry. Specifically: (Mus.) A part performed by instruments, accompanying another part or parts performed by voices; the subordinate part, or parts, accompanying the voice or a principal instrument; also, the harmony of a figured bass. P. Cyc.

Accompanist

Ac*com"pa*nist (#), n. The performer in music who takes the accompanying part. Busby.

Accompany

Ac*com"pa*ny (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accompanied (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Accompanying (#)] [OF. aacompaignier, F. accompagner, to associate with, fr. OF. compaign, compain, companion. See Company.]

1. To go with or attend as a companion or associate; to keep company with; to go along with; -- followed by with or by; as, he accompanied his speech with a bow.

The Persian dames, . . . In sumptuous cars, accompanied his march. Glover.
They are never alone that are accompanied with noble thoughts. Sir P. Sidney.
He was accompanied by two carts filled with wounded rebels. Macaulay.

2. To cohabit with. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert. Syn. -- To attend; escort; go with. -- To Accompany, Attend, Escort. We accompany those with whom we go as companions. The word imports an equality of station. We attend those whom we wait upon or follow. The word conveys an idea of subordination. We escort those whom we attend with a view to guard and protect. A gentleman accompanies a friend to some public place; he attends or escorts a lady.

Accompany

Ac*com"pa*ny, v. i.

1. To associate in a company; to keep company. [Obs.] Bacon.

Men say that they will drive away one another, . . . and not accompany together. Holland.

2. To cohabit (with). [Obs.] Milton.

3. (Mus.) To perform an accompanying part or parts in a composition.

Accompletive

Ac*com"ple*tive (#), a. [L. ad + complere, completum, to fill up.] Tending to accomplish. [R.]

Accomplice

Ac*com"plice (#), n. [Ac- (perh. for the article a or for L. ad) + E. complice. See Complice.]

1. A cooperator. [R.]

Success unto our valiant general, And happiness to his accomplices! Shak.

2. (Law) An associate in the commission of a crime; a participator in an offense, whether a principal or an accessory. "And thou, the cursed accomplice of his treason." Johnson. It is followed by with or of before a person and by in (or sometimes of) before the crime; as, A was an accomplice with B in the murder of C. Dryden uses it with to before a thing. "Suspected for accomplice to the fire." Dryden. Syn. -- Abettor; accessory; assistant; associate; confederate; coadjutor; ally; promoter. See Abettor.

Accompliceship

Ac*com"plice*ship (#), n. The state of being an accomplice. [R.] Sir H. Taylor.

Accomplicity

Ac`com*plic"i*ty (#), n. The act or state of being an accomplice. [R.]

Accomplish

Ac*com"plish (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accomplished (#), p. pr. & vb. n. Accomplishing.] [OE. acomplissen, OF. accomplir, F. accomplir; L. ad + complere to fill up, complete. See Complete, Finish.]

1. To complete, as time or distance.

That He would accomplish seventy years in the desolations of Jerusalem. Dan. ix. 2.
He had accomplished half a league or more. Prescott.

2. To bring to an issue of full success; to effect; to perform; to execute fully; to fulfill; as, to accomplish a design, an object, a promise.

This that is written must yet be accomplished in me. Luke xxii. 37.

3. To equip or furnish thoroughly; hence, to complete in acquirements; to render accomplished; to polish.

The armorers accomplishing the knights. Shak.
It [the moon] is fully accomplished for all those ends to which Providence did appoint it. Wilkins.
These qualities . . . go to accomplish a perfect woman. Cowden Clarke.

4. To gain; to obtain. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- To do; perform; fulfill; realize; effect; effectuate; complete; consummate; execute; achieve; perfect; equip; furnish. -- To Accomplish, Effect, Execute, Achieve, Perform. These words agree in the general idea of carrying out to some end proposed. To accomplish (to fill up to the measure of the intention) generally implies perseverance and skill; as, to accomplish a plan proposed by one's self, an object, a design, an undertaking. "Thou shalt accomplish my desire." 1 Kings v. 9.

He . . . expressed his desire to see a union accomplished between England and Scotland. Macaulay.
To effect (to work out) is much like accomplish. It usually implies some degree of difficulty contended with; as, he effected or accomplished what he intended, his purpose, but little. "What he decreed, he effected." Milton.
To work in close design by fraud or guile What force effected not. Milton.
To execute (to follow out to the end, to carry out, or into effect) implies a set mode of operation; as, to execute the laws or the orders of another; to execute a work, a purpose, design, plan, project. To perform is much like to do, though less generally applied. It conveys a notion of protracted and methodical effort; as, to perform a mission, a part, a task, a work. "Thou canst best perform that office." Milton.
The Saints, like stars, around his seat Perform their courses still. Keble.
To achieve (to come to the end or arrive at one's purpose) usually implies some enterprise or undertaking of importance, difficulty, and excellence.

Accomplishable

Ac*com"plish*a*ble (#), a. Capable of being accomplished; practicable. Carlyle.

Accomplished

Ac*com"plished (#), a.

1. Completed; effected; established; as, an accomplished fact.

2. Complete in acquirements as the result usually of training; -- commonly in a good sense; as, an accomplished scholar, an accomplished villain.

They . . . show themselves accomplished bees. Holland.
Daughter of God and man, accomplished Eve. Milton.

Accomplisher

Ac*com"plish*er (#), n. One who accomplishes.

Accomplishment

Ac*com"plish*ment (#), n. [F. accomplissement, fr. accomplir.]

1. The act of accomplishing; entire performance; completion; fulfillment; as, the accomplishment of an enterprise, of a prophecy, etc.

2. That which completes, perfects, or equips thoroughly; acquirement; attainment; that which constitutes excellence of mind, or elegance of manners, acquired by education or training. "My new accomplishment of dancing." Churchill. "Accomplishments befitting a station." Thackeray.

Accomplishments have taken virtue's place, And wisdom falls before exterior grace. Cowper.

Accompt

Ac*compt" (#; formerly #), n. See Account. &hand; Accompt, accomptant, etc., are archaic forms.

Accomptable

Ac*compt"a*ble (#), a. See Accountable.

Accomptant

Ac*compt"ant (#), n. See Accountant.

Accord

Ac*cord" (#), n. [OE. acord, accord, OF. acort, acorde, F. accord, fr. OF. acorder, F. accorder. See Accord, v. t.]

1. Agreement or concurrence of opinion, will, or action; harmony of mind; consent; assent.

A mediator of an accord and peace between them. Bacon.
These all continued with one accord in prayer. Acts i. 14.

2. Harmony of sounds; agreement in pitch and tone; concord; as, the accord of tones.

Those sweet accords are even the angels' lays. Sir J. Davies.

3. Agreement, harmony, or just correspondence of things; as, the accord of light and shade in painting.

4. Voluntary or spontaneous motion or impulse to act; -- preceded by own; as, of one's own accord.

That which groweth of its own accord of thy harvest thou shalt not reap. Lev. xxv. 5.
Of his own accord he went unto you. 2 Cor. vii. 17.

5. (Law) An agreement between parties in controversy, by which satisfaction for an injury is stipulated, and which, when executed, bars a suit. Blackstone. With one accord, with unanimity.

They rushed with one accord into the theater. Acts xix. 29.

Accord

Ac*cord", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accorded; p. pr. & vb. n. According.] [OE. acorden, accorden, OF. acorder, F. accorder, fr. LL. accordare; L. ad + cor, cordis, heart. Cf. Concord, Discord, and see Heart.]

1. To make to agree or correspond; to suit one thing to another; to adjust; -- followed by to. [R.]

Her hands accorded the lute's music to the voice. Sidney.

2. To bring to an agreement, as persons; to reconcile; to settle, adjust, harmonize, or compose, as things; as, to accord suits or controversies.

When they were accorded from the fray. Spenser.
All which particulars, being confessedly knotty and difficult can never be accorded but by a competent stock of critical learning. South.

3. To grant as suitable or proper; to concede; to award; as, to accord to one due praise. "According his desire." Spenser.

Accord

Ac*cord", v. i.

1. To agree; to correspond; to be in harmony; -- followed by with, formerly also by to; as, his disposition accords with his looks.

My heart accordeth with my tongue. Shak.
Thy actions to thy words accord. Milton.

2. To agree in pitch and tone.

Accordable

Ac*cord"a*ble (#), a. [OF. acordable, F. accordable.]

1. Agreeing. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Reconcilable; in accordance.

Accordance

Ac*cord"ance (#), n. [OF. acordance.] Agreement; harmony; conformity. "In strict accordance with the law." Macaulay. Syn. -- Harmony; unison; coincidence.

Accordancy

Ac*cord"an*cy (#), n. Accordance. [R.] Paley.

Accordant

Ac*cord"ant (#), a. [OF. acordant, F. accordant.] Agreeing; consonant; harmonious; corresponding; conformable; -- followed by with or to.
Strictly accordant with true morality. Darwin.
And now his voice accordant to the string. Coldsmith.

Accordantly

Ac*cord"ant*ly, adv. In accordance or agreement; agreeably; conformably; -- followed by with or to.

Accorder

Ac*cord"er (#), n. One who accords, assents, or concedes. [R.]

According

Ac*cord"ing, p. a. Agreeing; in agreement or harmony; harmonious. "This according voice of national wisdom." Burke. "Mind and soul according well." Tennyson.
According to him, every person was to be bought. Macaulay.
Our zeal should be according to knowledge. Sprat.
&hand; According to has been called a prepositional phrase, but strictly speaking, according is a participle in the sense of agreeing, acceding, and to alone is the preposition. According as, precisely as; the same as; corresponding to the way in which. According as is an adverbial phrase, of which the propriety has been doubted; but good usage sanctions it. See According, adv.
Is all things well, According as I gave directions? Shak.
The land which the Lord will give you according as he hath promised. Ex. xii. 25.
p. 13

According

Ac*cord"ing (#), adv. Accordingly; correspondingly. [Obs.] Shak.

Accordingly

Ac*cord"ing*ly, adv.

1. Agreeably; correspondingly; suitably; in a manner conformable.

Behold, and so proceed accordingly. Shak.

2. In natural sequence; consequently; so. Syn. -- Consequently; therefore; wherefore; hence; so. -- Accordingly, Consequently, indicate a connection between two things, the latter of which is done on account of the former. Accordingly marks the connection as one of simple accordance or congruity, leading naturally to the result which followed; as, he was absent when I called, and I accordingly left my card; our preparations were all finished, and we accordingly set sail. Consequently all finished, and we accordingly set sail. Consequently marks a closer connection, that of logical or causal sequence; as, the papers were not ready, and consequently could not be signed.

Accordion

Ac*cor"di*on (#), n. [See Accord.] (Mus.) A small, portable, keyed wind instrument, whose tones are generated by play of the wind upon free metallic reeds.

Accordionist

Ac*cor"di*on*ist, n. A player on the accordion.

Accordment

Ac*cord"ment (#), n. [OF. acordement. See Accord, v.] Agreement; reconcilement. [Obs.] Gower.

Accorporate

Ac*cor"po*rate (#), v. t. [L. accorporare; ad + corpus, corporis, body.] To unite; to attach; to incorporate. [Obs.] Milton.

Accost

Ac*cost" (#; 115), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accosted; p. pr. & vb. n. Accosting.] [F. accoster, LL. accostare to bring side by side; L. ad + costa rib, side. See Coast, and cf. Accoast.]

1. To join side to side; to border; hence, to sail along the coast or side of. [Obs.] "So much [of Lapland] as accosts the sea." Fuller.

2. To approach; to make up to. [Archaic] Shak.

3. To speak to first; to address; to greet. "Him, Satan thus accosts." Milton.

Accost

Ac*cost", v. i. To adjoin; to lie alongside. [Obs.] "The shores which to the sea accost." Spenser.

Accost

Ac*cost", n. Address; greeting. [R.] J. Morley.

Accostable

Ac*cost"a*ble (#), a. [Cf. F. accostable.] Approachable; affable. [R.] Hawthorne.

Accosted

Ac*cost"ed, a. (Her.) Supported on both sides by other charges; also, side by side.

Accouchement

Ac*couche"ment (#; 277), n. [F., fr. accoucher to be delivered of a child, to aid in delivery, OF. acouchier orig. to lay down, put to bed, go to bed; L. ad + collocare to lay, put, place. See Collate.] Delivery in childbed

Accoucheur

Ac*cou*cheur" (#), n. [F., fr. accoucher. See Accouchement.] A man who assists women in childbirth; a man midwife; an obstetrician.

Accoucheuse

Ac*cou*cheuse" (#), n. [F.., fem. of accoucher.] A midwife. [Recent] Dunglison.

Account

Ac*count" (#), n. [OE. acount, account, accompt, OF. acont, fr. aconter. See Account, v. t., Count, n., 1.]

1. A reckoning; computation; calculation; enumeration; a record of some reckoning; as, the Julian account of time.

A beggarly account of empty boxes. Shak.

2. A registry of pecuniary transactions; a written or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits, and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review; as, to keep one's account at the bank.

3. A statement in general of reasons, causes, grounds, etc., explanatory of some event; as, no satisfactory account has been given of these phenomena. Hence, the word is often used simply for reason, ground, consideration, motive, etc.; as, on no account, on every account, on all accounts.

4. A statement of facts or occurrences; recital of transactions; a relation or narrative; a report; a description; as, an account of a battle. "A laudable account of the city of London." Howell.

5. A statement and explanation or vindication of one's conduct with reference to judgment thereon.

Give an account of thy stewardship. Luke xvi. 2.

6. An estimate or estimation; valuation; judgment. "To stand high in your account." Shak.

7. Importance; worth; value; advantage; profit. "Men of account." Pope. "To turn to account." Shak. Account current, a running or continued account between two or more parties, or a statement of the particulars of such an account. -- In account with, in a relation requiring an account to be kept. -- On account of, for the sake of; by reason of; because of. -- On one's own account, for one's own interest or behalf. -- To make account, to have an opinion or expectation; to reckon. [Obs.]

s other part . . . makes account to find no slender arguments for this assertion out of those very scriptures which are commonly urged against it. Milton.
-- To make account of, to hold in estimation; to esteem; as, he makes small account of beauty. -- To take account of, or to take into account, to take into consideration; to notice. "Of their doings, God takes no account." Milton
. -- A writ of account (Law), a writ which the plaintiff brings demanding that the defendant shall render his just account, or show good cause to the contrary; -- called also an action of account. Cowell. Syn. -- Narrative; narration; relation; recital; description; explanation; rehearsal. -- Account, Narrative, Narration, Recital. These words are applied to different modes of rehearsing a series of events. Account turns attention not so much to the speaker as to the fact related, and more properly applies to the report of some single event, or a group of incidents taken as whole; as, an account of a battle, of a shipwreck, etc. A narrative is a continuous story of connected incidents, such as one friend might tell to another; as, a narrative of the events of a siege, a narrative of one's life, etc. Narration is usually the same as narrative, but is sometimes used to describe the mode of relating events; as, his powers of narration are uncommonly great. Recital denotes a series of events drawn out into minute particulars, usually expressing something which peculiarly interests the feelings of the speaker; as, the recital of one's wrongs, disappointments, sufferings, etc.

1. To reckon; to compute; to count. [Obs.]

The motion of . . . the sun whereby years are accounted. Sir T. Browne.

2. To place to one's account; to put to the credit of; to assign; -- with to. [R.] Clarendon.

3. To value, estimate, or hold in opinion; to judge or consider; to deem.

Accounting that God was able to raise him up. Heb. xi. 19.

4. To recount; to relate. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Account

Ac*count", v. i.

1. To render or receive an account or relation of particulars; as, an officer must account with or to the treasurer for money received.

2. To render an account; to answer in judgment; -- with for; as, we must account for the use of our opportunities.

3. To give a satisfactory reason; to tell the cause of; to explain; -- with for; as, idleness accounts for poverty. To account of, to esteem; to prize; to value. Now used only in the passive. "I account of her beauty." Shak.

Newer was preaching more accounted of than in the sixteenth century. Canon Robinson.

Accountabilability

Ac*count"a*bil`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. The state of being accountable; liability to be called on to render an account; accountableness. "The awful idea of accountability." R. Hall.

Accountable

Ac*count"a*ble (#), a.

1. Liable to be called on to render an account; answerable; as, every man is accountable to God for his conduct.

2. Capable of being accounted for; explicable. [R.]

True religion . . . intelligible, rational, and accountable, -- not a burden but a privilege. B. Whichcote.
Syn. -- Amenable; responsible; liable; answerable.

Accountable ness

Ac*count"a*ble ness, n. The quality or state of being accountable; accountability.

Accountably

Ac*count"a*bly, adv. In an accountable manner.

Accountancy

Ac*count"an*cy (#), n. The art or employment of an accountant.

Accountant

Ac*count"ant (#), n. [Cf. F. accomptant, OF. acontant, p. pr.]

1. One who renders account; one accountable.

2. A reckoner.

3. One who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts; an officer in a public office, who has charge of the accounts. Accountatn general, the head or superintending accountant in certain public offices. Also, formerly, an officer in the English court of chancery who received the moneys paid into the court, and deposited them in the Bank of England.

Accountant

Ac*count"ant, a. Accountable. [Obs.] Shak.

Accountantship

Ac*count"ant*ship (#), n. [Accountant + -ship.] The office or employment of an accountant.

Account book

Ac*count" book` (#). A book in which accounts are kept. Swift.

Accouple

Ac*cou"ple (#), v. t. [OF. acopler, F. accoupler. See Couple.] To join; to couple. [R.]
The Englishmen accoupled themselves with the Frenchmen. Hall.

Accouplement

Ac*cou"ple*ment (#), n. [Cf. F. accouplement.]

1. The act of coupling, or the state of being coupled; union. [R.] Caxton.

2. That which couples, as a tie or brace. [R.]

Accourage

Ac*cour"age (#), v. t. [OF. acoragier; \'85 (L. ad) + corage. See Courage.] To encourage. [Obs.]

Accourt

Ac*court" (#), v. t. [Ac-, for L. ad. See Court.] To treat courteously; to court. [Obs.] Spenser.

Accouter, Accoutre

Ac*cou"ter, Ac*cou"tre (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accoutered or Accoutred (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Accoutering or Accoutring.] [F. accouter, OF. accoutrer, accoustrer; \'85 (L. ad) + perh. LL. custor, for custos guardian, sacristan (cf. Custody), or perh. akin to E. guilt.] To furnish with dress, or equipments, esp. those for military service; to equip; to attire; to array.
Bot accoutered like young men. Shak.
For this, in rags accoutered are they seen. Dryden.
Accoutered with his burden and his staff. Wordsworth.

Accouterments, Accoutrements

Ac*cou"ter*ments, Ac*cou"tre*ments (#), n. pl. [F. accoutrement, earlier also accoustrement, earlier also accoustrement. See Accouter.] Dress; trappings; equipment; specifically, the devices and equipments worn by soldiers.
How gay with all the accouterments of war!

Accoy

Ac*coy" (#), v. t. [OF. acoyer; ac-, for L. ad. See Coy.]

1. To render quiet; to soothe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To subdue; to tame; to daunt. [Obs.]

Then is your careless courage accoyed. Spenser.

Accredit

Ac*cred"it (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accredited; p. pr. & vb. n. Accrediting.] [F. accr\'82diter; \'85 (L. ad) + cr\'82dit credit. See Credit.]

1. To put or bring into credit; to invest with credit or authority; to sanction.

His censure will . . . accredit his praises. Cowper.
These reasons . . . which accredit and fortify mine opinion. Shelton.

2. To send with letters credential, as an ambassador, envoy, or diplomatic agent; to authorize, as a messenger or delegate.

Beton . . . was accredited to the Court of France. Froude.

3. To believe; to credit; to put trust in.

The version of early Roman history which was accredited in the fifth century. Sir G. C. Lewis.
He accredited and repeated stories of apparitions and witchcraft. Southey.

4. To credit; to vouch for or consider (some one) as doing something, or (something) as belonging to some one. To accredit (one) with (something), to attribute something to him; as, Mr. Clay was accredited with these views; they accredit him with a wise saying.

Accreditation

Ac*cred`i*ta"tion (#), n. The act of accrediting; as, letters of accreditation.

Accrementitial

Ac`cre*men*ti"tial (#), a. (Physiol.) Pertaining to accremention.

Accrementition

Ac`cre*men*ti"tion (#), n. [See Accresce, Increment.] (Physiol.) The process of generation by development of blastema, or fission of cells, in which the new formation is in all respect like the individual from which it proceeds.

Accresce

Ac*cresce" (#), v. i. [L. accrescere. See Accrue.]

1. To accrue. [R.]

2. To increase; to grow. [Obs.] Gillespie.

Accrescence

Ac*cres"cence (#), n. [LL. accrescentia.] Continuous growth; an accretion. [R.]
The silent accrescence of belief from the unwatched depositions of a general, never contradicted hearsy. Coleridge.

Accrescent

Ac*cres"cent (#), a. [L. accrescens, -entis, p. pr. of accrescere; ad + crescere to grow. See Crescent.]

1. Growing; increasing. Shuckford.

2. (Bot.) Growing larger after flowering. Gray.

Accrete

Ac*crete" (#), v. i. [From L. accretus, p. p. of accrescere to increase.]

1. To grow together.

2. To adhere; to grow (to); to be added; -- with to.

Accrete

Ac*crete", v. t. To make adhere; to add. Earle.

Accrete

Ac*crete", a.

1. Characterized by accretion; made up; as, accrete matter.

2. (Bot.) Grown together. Gray.

Accretion

Ac*cre"tion (#), n. [L. accretio, fr. accrescere to increase. Cf. Crescent, Increase, Accrue.]

1. The act of increasing by natural growth; esp. the increase of organic bodies by the internal accession of parts; organic growth. Arbuthnot.

2. The act of increasing, or the matter added, by an accession of parts externally; an extraneous addition; as, an accretion of earth.

A mineral . . . augments not by grown, but by accretion. Owen.
To strip off all the subordinate parts of his as a later accretion. Sir G. C. Lewis.

3. Concretion; coherence of separate particles; as, the accretion of particles so as to form a solid mass.

4. A growing together of parts naturally separate, as of the fingers toes. Dana.

5. (Law) (a) The adhering of property to something else, by which the owner of one thing becomes possessed of a right to another; generally, gain of land by the washing up of sand or sail from the sea or a river, or by a gradual recession of the water from the usual watermark. (b) Gain to an heir or legatee, failure of a coheir to the same succession, or a co-legatee of the same thing, to take his share. Wharton. Kent.

Accretive

Ac*cre"tive (#), a. Relating to accretion; increasing, or adding to, by growth. Glanvill.

Accriminate

Ac*crim"i*nate (#), v. t. [L. ac- (for ad to) + criminari.] To accuse of a crime. [Obs.] -- Ac*crim`i*na"tion (#), n. [Obs.]

Accroach

Ac*croach" (#), v. t. [OE. acrochen, accrochen, to obtain, OF. acrochier, F. accrocher; \'85 (L. ad) + croc hook (E. crook).]

1. To hook, or draw to one's self as with a hook. [Obs.]

2. To usurp, as jurisdiction or royal prerogatives.

They had attempted to accroach to themselves royal power. Stubbs.

Accroachment

Ac*croach"ment (#), n. [Cf. F. accrochement.] An encroachment; usurpation. [Obs.] Bailey.

Accrual

Ac*cru"al (#), n. Accrument. [R.]

Accrue

Ac*crue" (#), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Accrued (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Accruing.] [See Accrue, n., and cf. Accresce, Accrete.]

1. To increase; to augment.

And though power failed, her courage did accrue. Spenser.

2. To come to by way of increase; to arise or spring as a growth or result; to be added as increase, profit, or damage, especially as the produce of money lent. "Interest accrues to principal." Abbott.

The great and essential advantages accruing to society from the freedom of the press. Junius.

Accrue

Ac*crue", n. [F. accr\'96, OF. acre\'81, p. p. of accroitre, OF. acroistre to increase; L. ad + crescere to increase. Cf. Accretion, Crew. See Crescent.] Something that accrues; advantage accruing. [Obs.]

Accruer

Ac*cru"er (#), n. (Law) The act of accruing; accretion; as, title by accruer.

Accrument

Ac*cru"ment (#), n. The process of accruing, or that which has accrued; increase. Jer. Taylor.

Accubation

Ac`cu*ba"tion (#), n. [L. accubatio, for accubatio, fr. accubare to recline; ad + cubare to lie down. See Accumb.] The act or posture of reclining on a couch, as practiced by the ancients at meals.

Accumb

Ac*cumb" (#), v. i. [L. accumbere; ad + cumbere (only in compounds) to lie down.] To recline, as at table. [Obs.] Bailey.

Accumbency

Ac*cum"ben*cy (#), n. The state of being accumbent or reclining. [R.]

Accumbent

Ac*cum"bent (#), a.

1. Leaning or reclining, as the ancients did at their meals.

The Roman.. accumbent posture in eating. Arbuthnot.

2. (Bot.) Lying against anything, as one part of a leaf against another leaf. Gray.

Accumbent cotyledons have their edges placed against the caulicle. Eaton.

Accumbent

Ac*cum"bent, n. One who reclines at table.

Accumber

Ac*cum"ber (#), v. t. To encumber. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Accumulate

Ac*cu"mu*late (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accumulated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Accumulating.] [L. accumulatus, p. p. of accumulare; ad + cumulare to heap. See Cumulate.] To heap up in a mass; to pile up; to collect or bring together; to amass; as, to accumulate a sum of money. Syn. -- To collect; pile up; store; amass; gather; aggregate; heap together; hoard. <-- p. 14 -->

Accumulate

Ac*cu"mu*late (#), v. i. To grow or increase in quantity or number; to increase greatly.
Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, Where wealth accumulates, and men decay. Goldsmith.

Accumulate

Ac*cu"mu*late (#), a. [L. accumulatus, p. p. of accumulare.] Collected; accumulated. Bacon.

Accumulation

Ac*cu`mu*la"tion (#), n. [L. accumulatio; cf. F. accumulation.]

1. The act of accumulating, the state of being accumulated, or that which is accumulated; as, an accumulation of earth, of sand, of evils, of wealth, of honors.

2. (Law) The concurrence of several titles to the same proof. Accumulation of energy or power, the storing of energy by means of weights lifted or masses put in motion; electricity stored. -- An accumulation of degrees (Eng. Univ.), the taking of several together, or at smaller intervals than usual or than is allowed by the rules.

Accumulative

Ac*cu"mu*la*tive (#), a. Characterized by accumulation; serving to collect or amass; cumulative; additional. -- Ac*cu"mu*la*tive*ly, adv. -- Ac*cu"mu*la*tive*ness, n.

Accumulator

Ac*cu"mu*la`tor (#), n. [L.]

1. One who, or that which, accumulates, collects, or amasses.

2. (Mech.) An apparatus by means of which energy or power can be stored, such as the cylinder or tank for storing water for hydraulic elevators, the secondary or storage battery used for accumulating the energy of electrical charges, etc.

3. A system of elastic springs for relieving the strain upon a rope, as in deep-sea dredging.

Accuracy

Ac"cu*ra*cy (#; 277), n. [See Accurate.] The state of being accurate; freedom from mistakes, this exemption arising from carefulness; exact conformity to truth, or to a rule or model; precision; exactness; nicety; correctness; as, the value of testimony depends on its accuracy.
The professed end [of logic] is to teach men to think, to judge, and to reason, with precision and accuracy. Reid.
The accuracy with which the piston fits the sides. Lardner.

Accurate

Ac"cu*rate (#), a. [L. accuratus, p. p. and a., fr. accurare to take care of; ad + curare to take care, cura care. See Cure.]

1. In exact or careful conformity to truth, or to some standard of requirement, the result of care or pains; free from failure, error, or defect; exact; as, an accurate calculator; an accurate measure; accurate expression, knowledge, etc.

2. Precisely fixed; executed with care; careful. [Obs.]

Those conceive the celestial bodies have more accurate influences upon these things below. Bacon.
Syn. -- Correct; exact; just; nice; particular. -- Accurate, Correct, Exact, Precise. We speak of a thing as correct with reference to some rule or standard of comparison; as, a correct account, a correct likeness, a man of correct deportment. We speak of a thing as accurate with reference to the care bestowed upon its execution, and the increased correctness to be expected therefrom; as, an accurate statement, an accurate detail of particulars. We speak of a thing as exact with reference to that perfected state of a thing in which there is no defect and no redundance; as, an exact coincidence, the exact truth, an exact likeness. We speak of a thing as precise when we think of it as strictly conformed to some rule or model, as if cut down thereto; as a precise conformity instructions; precisely right; he was very precise in giving his directions.

Accurately

Ac"cu*rate*ly, adv. In an accurate manner; exactly; precisely; without error or defect.

Accurateness

Ac"cu*rate*ness, n. The state or quality of being accurate; accuracy; exactness; nicety; precision.

Accurse

Ac*curse" (#), v. t. [OE. acursien, acorsien; pref. a + cursien to curse. See Curse.] To devote to destruction; to imprecate misery or evil upon; to curse; to execrate; to anathematize.
And the city shall be accursed. Josh. vi. 17.
Thro' you, my life will be accurst. Tennyson.

Accursed, Accurst

Ac*cursed" (#), Ac*curst" (#), p. p. & a. Doomed to destruction or misery; cursed; hence, bad enough to be under the curse; execrable; detestable; exceedingly hateful; -- as, an accursed deed. Shak. -- Ac*curs"ed*ly, adv. -- Ac*curs"ed*ness, n.

Accusable

Ac*cus"a*ble (#), a. [L. accusabilis: cf. F. accusable.] Liable to be accused or censured; chargeable with a crime or fault; blamable; -- with of.

Accusal

Ac*cus"al (#), n. Accusation. [R.] Byron.

Accusant

Ac*cus"ant (#), n. [L. accusans, p. pr. of accusare: cf. F. accusant.] An accuser. Bp. Hall.

Accusation

Ac`cu*sa"tion (#), n. [OF. acusation, F. accusation, L. accusatio, fr. accusare. See Accuse.]

1. The act of accusing or charging with a crime or with a lighter offense.

We come not by the way of accusation To taint that honor every good tongue blesses. Shak.

2. That of which one is accused; the charge of an offense or crime, or the declaration containing the charge.

[They] set up over his head his accusation. Matt. xxvii. 37.
Syn. -- Impeachment; crimination; censure; charge.

Accusatival

Ac*cu`sa*ti"val (#), a. Pertaining to the accusative case.

Accusative

Ac*cu"sa*tive (#), a. [F. accusatif, L. accusativus (in sense 2), fr. accusare. See Accuse.]

1. Producing accusations; accusatory. "This hath been a very accusative age." Sir E. Dering.

2. (Gram.) Applied to the case (as the fourth case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses the immediate object on which the action or influence of a transitive verb terminates, or the immediate object of motion or tendency to, expressed by a preposition. It corresponds to the objective case in English.

Accusative

Ac*cu"sa*tive, n. (Gram.) The accusative case.

Accusatively

Ac*cu"sa*tive*ly, adv.

1. In an accusative manner.

2. In relation to the accusative case in grammar.

Accusatorial

Ac*cu`sa*to"ri*al (#), a. Accusatory.

Accusatorially

Ac*cu`sa*to"ri*al*ly, adv. By way accusation.

Accusatory

Ac*cu"sa*to*ry (#), a. [L. accusatorius, fr. accusare.] Pertaining to, or containing, an accusation; as, an accusatory libel. Grote.

Accuse

Ac*cuse" (#), n. Accusation. [Obs.] Shak.

Accuse

Ac*cuse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accused (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Accusing.] [OF. acuser, F. accuser, L. accusare, to call to account, accuse; ad + causa cause, lawsuit. Cf. Cause.]

1. To charge with, or declare to have committed, a crime or offense; (Law) to charge with an offense, judicially or by a public process; -- with of; as, to accuse one of a high crime or misdemeanor.

Neither can they prove the things whereof they now accuse me. Acts xxiv. 13.
We are accused of having persuaded Austria and Sardinia to lay down their arms. Macaulay.

2. To charge with a fault; to blame; to censure.

Their thoughts the meanwhile accusing or else excusing one another. Rom. ii. 15.

3. To betray; to show. [L.] Sir P. Sidney.

Syn. -- To charge; blame; censure; reproach; criminate; indict; impeach; arraign. -- To Accuse, Charge, Impeach, Arraign. These words agree in bringing home to a person the imputation of wrongdoing. To accuse is a somewhat formal act, and is applied usually (though not exclusively) to crimes; as, to accuse of treason. Charge is the most generic. It may refer to a crime, a dereliction of duty, a fault, etc.; more commonly it refers to moral delinquencies; as, to charge with dishonesty or falsehood. To arraign is to bring (a person) before a tribunal for trial; as, to arraign one before a court or at the bar public opinion. To impeach is officially to charge with misbehavior in office; as, to impeach a minister of high crimes. Both impeach and arraign convey the idea of peculiar dignity or impressiveness.

Accused

Ac*cused" (#), a. Charged with offense; as, an accused person. Commonly used substantively; as, the accused, one charged with an offense; the defendant in a criminal case.

Accusement

Ac*cuse"ment (#), n. [OF. acusement. See Accuse.] Accusation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Accuser

Ac*cus"er (#), n. [OE. acuser, accusour; cf. OF. acuseor, fr. L. accusator, fr. accusare.] One who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault.

Accusingly

Ac*cus"ing*ly, adv. In an accusing manner.

Accustom

Ac*cus"tom (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accustomed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Accustoming.] [OF. acostumer, acustumer, F. accoutumer; \'85 (L. ad) + OF. costume, F. coutume, custom. See Custom.] To make familiar by use; to habituate, familiarize, or inure; -- with to.
I shall always fear that he who accustoms himself to fraud in little things, wants only opportunity to practice it in greater. Adventurer.
Syn. -- To habituate; inure; exercise; train.

Accustom

Ac*cus"tom, v. i.

1. To be wont. [Obs.] Carew.

2. To cohabit. [Obs.]

We with the best men accustom openly; you with the basest commit private adulteries. Milton.

Accustom

Ac*cus"tom, n. Custom. [Obs.] Milton.

Accustomable

Ac*cus"tom*a*ble (#), a. Habitual; customary; wonted. "Accustomable goodness." Latimer.

Accustomably

Ac*cus"tom*a*bly, adv. According to custom; ordinarily; customarily. Latimer.

Accustomance

Ac*cus"tom*ance (#), n. [OF. accoustumance, F. accoutumance.] Custom; habitual use. [Obs.] Boyle.

Accustomarily

Ac*cus"tom*a*ri*ly (#), adv. Customarily. [Obs.]

Accustomary

Ac*cus"tom*a*ry (#), a. Usual; customary. [Archaic] Featley.

Accustomed

Ac*cus"tomed (#), a.

1. Familiar through use; usual; customary. "An accustomed action." Shak.

2. Frequented by customers. [Obs.] "A well accustomed shop." Smollett.

Accustomedness

Ac*cus"tomed*ness, n. Habituation.
Accustomedness to sin hardens the heart. Bp. Pearce.

Ace

Ace (#), n.; pl. Aces (#). [OE. as, F. as, fr. L. as, assis, unity, copper coin, the unit of coinage. Cf. As.]

1. A unit; a single point or spot on a card or die; the card or die so marked; as, the ace of diamonds.

2. Hence: A very small quantity or degree; a particle; an atom; a jot.

I 'll not wag an ace further. Dryden.
To bate an ace, to make the least abatement. [Obs.]M/mark> -- Within an ace of, very near; on the point of. W. Irving.

Aceldama

A*cel"da*ma (#), n. [Gr. \'d3k\'c7l dam\'d3 the field of blood.] The potter's field, said to have lain south of Jerusalem, purchased with the bribe which Judas took for betraying his Master, and therefore called the field of blood. Fig.: A field of bloodshed.
The system of warfare . . . which had already converted immense tracts into one universal aceldama. De Quincey.

Acentric

A*cen"tric (#), a. [Gr. Not centered; without a center.

Acephal

Ac"e*phal (#), n. [Gr. ac\'82phale, LL. acephalus.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Acephala.

Acephala

A*ceph"a*la (#), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. Acephal.] (Zo\'94l.) That division of the Mollusca which includes the bivalve shells, like the clams and oysters; -- so called because they have no evident head. Formerly the group included the Tunicata, Brachiopoda, and sometimes the Bryozoa. See Mollusca.

Acephalan

A*ceph"a*lan (#), n. Same as Acephal.

Acephalan

A*ceph"a*lan, a. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Acephala.

Acephali

A*ceph"a*li (#), n. pl. [LL., pl. of acephalus. See Acephal.]

1. A fabulous people reported by ancient writers to have heads.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) (a) A Christian sect without a leader. (b) Bishops and certain clergymen not under regular diocesan control.

3. A class of levelers in the time of K. Henry I.

Acephalist

A*ceph"a*list (#), n. One who acknowledges no head or superior. Dr. Gauden.

Acephalocyst

A*ceph"a*lo*cyst (#), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A larval entozo\'94n in the form of a subglobular or oval vesicle, or hy datid, filled with fluid, sometimes found in the tissues of man and the lower animals; -- so called from the absence of a head or visible organs on the vesicle. These cysts are the immature stages of certain tapeworms. Also applied to similar cysts of different origin.

Acephalocystic

A*ceph`a*lo*cys"tic (#), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, the acephalocysts.

Acephalous

A*ceph"a*lous (#), a. [See Acephal.]

1. Headless.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Without a distinct head; -- a term applied to bivalve mollusks.

3. (Bot.) Having the style spring from the base, instead of from the apex, as is the case in certain ovaries.

4. Without a leader or chief.

5. Wanting the beginning.

A false or acephalous structure of sentence. De Quincey.

6. (Pros.) Deficient and the beginning, as a line of poetry. Brande.

Acerate

Ac"er*ate (#), n. [See Aceric.] (Chem.) A combination of aceric acid with a salifiable base.

Acerate

Ac"er*ate, a. Acerose; needle-shaped.

Acerb

A*cerb" (#), a. [L. acerbus, fr. acer sharp: cf. F. acerbe. See Acrid.] Sour, bitter, and harsh to the taste, as unripe fruit; sharp and harsh.

Acerbate

A*cerb"ate (#), v. t. [L. acerbatus, p. p. of acerbare, fr. acerbus.] To sour; to imbitter; to irritate.

Acerbic

A*cerb"ic (#), a. Sour or severe.

Acerbitude

A*cerb"i*tude (#), n. [L. acerbitudo, fr. acerbus.] Sourness and harshness. [Obs.] Bailey.

Acerbity

A*cerb"i*ty (#), n. [F. acerbit\'82, L. acerbitas, fr. acerbus. See Acerb.]

1. Sourness of taste, with bitterness and astringency, like that of unripe fruit.

2. Harshness, bitterness, or severity; as, acerbity of temper, of language, of pain. Barrow.

Aceric

A*cer"ic (#), a. [L. acer maple.] Pertaining to, or obtained from, the maple; as, aceric acid. Ure.

Acerose

Ac"er*ose` (#), a. [(a) L. acerosus chaffy, fr. acus, gen. aceris, chaff; (b) as if fr. L. acus needle: cf. F. ac\'82reux.] (Bot.) (a) Having the nature of chaff; chaffy. (b) Needle-shaped, having a sharp, rigid point, as the leaf of the pine.

Acerous

Ac"er*ous (#), a. Same as Acerose.

Acerous

Ac"er*ous, a. [Gr. &a; priv. + &keras; a horn.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Destitute of tentacles, as certain mollusks. (b) Without antenn\'91, as some insects.

Acerval

A*cer"val (#), a. [L. acervalis, fr. acervus heap.] Pertaining to a heap. [Obs.]

Acervate

A*cer"vate (#), v. t. [L. acervatus, p. p. of acervare to heap up, fr. acervus heap.] To heap up. [Obs.]

Acervate

A*cer"vate (#), a. Heaped, or growing in heaps, or closely compacted clusters.

Acervation

Ac`er*va"tion (#), n. [L. acervatio.] A heaping up; accumulation. [R.] Johnson.

Acervative

A*cer"va*tive (#), a. Heaped up; tending to heap up.

Acervose

A*cer"vose (#), a. Full of heaps. [R.] Bailey.

Acervuline

A*cer"vu*line (#), a. Resembling little heaps.

Acescence, Acescency

A*ces"cence (#), A*ces"cen*cy (#), n. [Cf. F. acescence. See Acescent.] The quality of being acescent; the process of acetous fermentation; a moderate degree of sourness. Johnson.

Acescent

A*ces"cent (#), a. [L. acescens, -entis, p. pr. of acescere to turn sour; inchoative of acere to be sour: cf. F. acescent. See Acid.] Turning sour; readily becoming tart or acid; slightly sour. Faraday.

Acescent

A*ces"cent, n. A substance liable to become sour.

Acetable

Ac"e*ta*ble (#), n. An acetabulum; or about one eighth of a pint. [Obs.] Holland.

Acetabular

Ac`e*tab"u*lar (#), a. Cup-shaped; saucer-shaped; acetabuliform.

Acetabulifera

Ac`e*tab`u*lif"e*ra (#), n. pl. [NL. See Acetabuliferous.] (Zo\'94l.) The division of Cephalopoda in which the arms are furnished with cup-shaped suckers, as the cuttlefishes, squids, and octopus; the Dibranchiata. See Cephalopoda.

Acetabuliferous

Ac`e*tab`u*lif"er*ous (#), a. [L. acetablum a little cup + -ferous.] Furnished with fleshy cups for adhering to bodies, as cuttlefish, etc.

Acetabuliform

Ac`e*tab"u*li*form (#), a. [L. acetabulum + -form.] (Bot.) Shaped like a shallow; saucer-shaped; as, an acetabuliform calyx. Gray.

Acetabulum

Ac`e*tab"u*lum (#), n. [L., a little saucer for vinegar, fr. acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.) A vinegar cup; socket of the hip bone; a measure of about one eighth of a pint, etc.

2. (Anat.) (a) The bony cup which receives the head of the thigh bone. (b) The cavity in which the leg of an insect is inserted at its articulation with the body. (c) A sucker of the sepia or cuttlefish and related animals. (d) The large posterior sucker of the leeches. (e) One of the lobes of the placenta in ruminating animals.

Acetal

Ac"e*tal (#), n. [Acetic + alcohol.] (Chem.) A limpid, colorless, inflammable liquid from the slow oxidation of alcohol under the influence of platinum black.

Acetaldehyde

Ac`et*al"de*hyde (#), n. Acetic aldehyde. See Aldehyde.

Acetamide

Ac`et*am"ide (#), n. [Acetyl + amide.] (Chem.) A white crystalline solid, from ammonia by replacement of an equivalent of hydrogen by acetyl.

Acetanilide

Ac`et*an"i*lide (#), n. [Acetyl + anilide.] (Med.) A compound of aniline with acetyl, used to allay fever or pain; -- called also antifebrine.

Acetarious

Ac`e*ta"ri*ous (#), a. [L. acetaria, n. pl., salad, fr. acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.] Used in salads; as, acetarious plants. <-- p. 15 -->

Acetary

Ac"e*ta*ry (#), n. [L. acetaria salad plants.] An acid pulp in certain fruits, as the pear. Grew.

Acetate

Ac"e*tate (#), n. [L. acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.] (Chem.) A salt formed by the union of acetic acid with a base or positive radical; as, acetate of lead, acetate of potash.

Acetated

Ac"e*ta`ted (#), a. Combined with acetic acid.

Acetic

A*ce"tic (#; 277), a. [L. acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.] (Chem.) (a) Of a pertaining to vinegar; producing vinegar; producing vinegar; as, acetic fermentation. (b) Pertaining to, containing, or derived from, acetyl, as acetic ether, acetic acid. The latter is the acid to which the sour taste of vinegar is due.

Acetification

A*cet`i*fi*ca"tion (#), n. The act of making acetous or sour; the process of converting, or of becoming converted, into vinegar.

Acetifier

A*cet"i*fi`er (#), n. An apparatus for hastening acetification. Knight.

Acetify

A*cet"i*fy (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acetified (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acetifying (#).] [L. acetum vinegar + -fly.] To convert into acid or vinegar.

Acetify

A*cet"i*fy, v. i. To turn acid. Encyc. Dom. Econ.

Acetimeter

Ac`e*tim"e*ter (#), n. [L. acetum vinegar + -meter: cf. F. ac\'82tim\'8atre.] An instrument for estimating the amount of acetic acid in vinegar or in any liquid containing acetic acid.

Acetimetry

Ac`e*tim"e*try (#), n. The act or method of ascertaining the strength of vinegar, or the proportion of acetic acid contained in it. Ure.

Acetin

Ac"e*tin (#), n. (Chem.) A combination of acetic acid with glycerin. Brande & C.

Acetize

Ac"e*tize (#), v. i. To acetify. [R.]

Acetometer

Ac`e*tom"e*ter (#), n. Same as Acetimeter. Brande & C.

Acetone

Ac"e*tone (#), n. [See Acetic.] (Chem.) A volatile liquid consisting of three parts of carbon, six of hydrogen, and one of oxygen; pyroacetic spirit, -- obtained by the distillation of certain acetates, or by the destructive distillation of citric acid, starch, sugar, or gum, with quicklime. &hand; The term in also applied to a number of bodies of similar constitution, more frequently called ketones. See Ketone.

Acetonic

Ac`e*ton"ic (#), a. Of or pertaining to acetone; as, acetonic bodies.

Acetose

Ac"e*tose (#), a. Sour like vinegar; acetous.

Acetosity

Ac`e*tos"i*ty (#), n. [LL. acetositas. See Acetous.] The quality of being acetous; sourness.

Acetous

A*ce"tous (#; 277), a. [L. acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.]

1. Having a sour taste; sour; acid. "An acetous spirit." Boyle. "A liquid of an acetous kind." Bp. Lowth.

2. Causing, or connected with, acetification; as, acetous fermentation. Acetous acid, a name formerly given to vinegar<-- which contains acetic acid -->.

Acetyl

Ac"e*tyl (#), n. [L. acetum vinegar + Gr. -yl.] (Chem.) A complex, hypothetical radical, composed of two parts of carbon to three of hydrogen and one of oxygen. Its hydroxide is acetic acid.

Acetylene

A*cet"y*lene (#), n. (Chem.) A gaseous compound of carbon and hydrogen, in the proportion of two atoms of the former to two of the latter. It is a colorless gas, with a peculiar, unpleasant odor, and is produced for use as an illuminating gas in a number of ways, but chiefly by the action of water on calcium carbide. Its light is very brilliant. Watts.

Ach, Ache

Ach, Ache (#), n. [F. ache, L. apium parsley.] A name given to several species of plants; as, smallage, wild celery, parsley. [Obs.] Holland.

Ach\'91an, Achaian

A*ch\'91"an (#), A*cha"ian (#) a. [L. Achaeus, Achaius; Gr. Of or pertaining to Achaia in Greece; also, Grecian. -- n. A native of Achaia; a Greek.

Acharnement

A*char"ne*ment (#), n. [F.] Savage fierceness; ferocity.

Achate

Ach"ate (#), n. An agate. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Achate

A*chate" (#), n. [F. achat purchase. See Cates.]

1. Purchase; bargaining. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. pl. Provisions. Same as Cates. [Obs.] Spenser.

Achatina

Ach`a*ti"na (#), n. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of land snails, often large, common in the warm parts of America and Africa.

Achatour

A*cha*tour" (#), n. [See Cater.] Purveyor; acater. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ache

Ache (#), n. [OE. ache, AS. \'91ce, ece, fr. acan to ache. See Ache, v. i.] Continued pain, as distinguished from sudden twinges, or spasmodic pain. "Such an ache in my bones." Shak. &hand; Often used in composition, as, a headache, an earache, a toothache.

Ache

Ache (#), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ached (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Aching (#).] [OE. aken, AS. acan, both strong verbs, AS. acan, imp. \'d3c, p. p. acen, to ache; perh. orig. to drive, and akin to agent.] To suffer pain; to have, or be in, pain, or in continued pain; to be distressed. "My old bones ache." Shak.
The sins that in your conscience ache. Keble.

Achean

A*che"an (#), a & n. See Ach\'91an, Achaian.

Achene, Achenium

A*chene" (#), A*che"ni*um (#) n. [Gr. (Bot.) A small, dry, indehiscent fruit, containing a single seed, as in the buttercup; -- called a naked seed by the earlier botanists. [Written also akene and ach\'91nium.]

Achenial

A*che"ni*al (#), a. Pertaining to an achene.

Acheron

Ach"e*ron (#), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Myth.) A river in the Nether World or infernal regions; also, the infernal regions themselves. By some of the English poets it was supposed to be a flaming lake or gulf. Shak.

Acherontic

Ach`e*ron"tic (#), a. Of or pertaining to Acheron; infernal; hence, dismal, gloomy; moribund.

Achievable

A*chiev"a*ble (#), a. Capable of being achieved. Barrow.

Achievance

A*chiev"ance (#), n. [Cf. OF. achevance.] Achievement. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

Achieve

A*chieve" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Achieved (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Achieving (#).] [OE. acheven, OF. achever, achiever, F. achever, to finish; \'85 (L. ad) + OF. chief, F. chef, end, head, fr. L. caput head. See Chief.]

1. To carry on to a final close; to bring out into a perfected state; to accomplish; to perform; -- as, to achieve a feat, an exploit, an enterprise.

Supposing faculties and powers to be the same, far more may be achieved in any line by the aid of a capital, invigorating motive than without it. I. Taylor.

2. To obtain, or gain, as the result of exertion; to succeed in gaining; to win.

Some are born great, some achieve greatness. Shak.
Thou hast achieved our liberty. Milton.
[[Obs]., with a material thing as the aim.]
Show all the spoils by valiant kings achieved. Prior.
He hath achieved a maid That paragons description. Shak.

3. To finish; to kill. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- To accomplish; effect; fulfill; complete; execute; perform; realize; obtain. See Accomplish.

Achievement

A*chieve"ment (#), n. [Cf. F. ach\'8avement, E. Hatchment.]

1. The act of achieving or performing; an obtaining by exertion; successful performance; accomplishment; as, the achievement of his object.

2. A great or heroic deed; something accomplished by valor, boldness, or praiseworthy exertion; a feat.

[The exploits] of the ancient saints . . . do far surpass the most famous achievements of pagan heroes. Barrow.
The highest achievements of the human intellect. Macaulay.

3. (Her.) An escutcheon or ensign armorial; now generally applied to the funeral shield commonly called hatchment. Cussans.

Achiever

A*chiev"er (#), n. One who achieves; a winner.

Achillean

Ach`il*le"an (#), a. Resembling Achilles, the hero of the Iliad; invincible.

Achilles' tendon

A*chil"les' ten"don (#), n. [L. Achillis tendo.] (Anat.) The strong tendon formed of the united tendons of the large muscles in the calf of the leg, an inserted into the bone of the heel; -- so called from the mythological account of Achilles being held by the heel when dipped in the River Styx.

Achilous

A*chi"lous (#), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Without a lip.

Aching

Ach"ing (#), a. That aches; continuously painful. See Ache. -- Ach"ing*ly, adv.
The aching heart, the aching head. Longfellow.

Achiote

A`chi*o"te (#), n. [Sp. achiote, fr. Indian achiotl.] Seeds of the annotto tree; also, the coloring matter, annotto.

Achlamydate

A*chlam"y*date (#), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Not possessing a mantle; -- said of certain gastropods.

Achlamydeous

Ach`la*myd"e*ous (#), a. (Bot.) Naked; having no floral envelope, neither calyx nor corolla.

Acholia

A*cho"li*a (#), n. [NL., from Gr. (Med.) Deficiency or want of bile.

Acholous

Ach"o*lous (#), a. (Med.) Lacking bile.

Achromatic

Ach`ro*mat"ic (#), a. [Gr. achromatique.]

1. (Opt.) Free from color; transmitting light without decomposing it into its primary colors.

2. (Biol.) Uncolored; not absorbing color from a fluid; -- said of tissue. Achromatic lens (Opt.), a lens composed usually of two separate lenses, a convex and concave, of substances having different refractive and dispersive powers, as crown and flint glass, with the curvatures so adjusted that the chromatic aberration produced by the one is corrected by other, and light emerges from the compound lens undecomposed. -- Achromatic prism. See Prism. -- Achromatic telescope, or microscope, one in which the chromatic aberration is corrected, usually by means of a compound or achromatic object glass, and which gives images free from extraneous color.

Achromatically

Ach`ro*mat"ic*al*ly (#), adv. In an achromatic manner.

Achromaticity

Ach`ro*ma*tic"i*ty (#), n. Achromatism.

Achromatin

A*chro"ma*tin (#), n. (Biol.) Tissue which is not stained by fluid dyes. W. Flemming.

Achromatism

A*chro"ma*tism (#), n. [Cf. F. achromatisme.] The state or quality of being achromatic; as, the achromatism of a lens; achromaticity. Nichol.

Achromatization

A*chro`ma*ti*za"tion (#), n. [Cf. F. achromatisation.] The act or process of achromatizing.

Achromatize

A*chro"ma*tize (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Achromatized (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Achromatizing (#).] [Gr. To deprive of color; to make achromatic.

Achromatopsy

A*chro"ma*top"sy (#), n. [Gr. Color blindness; inability to distinguish colors; Daltonism.

Achronic

A*chron"ic (#), a. See Acronyc.

Achro\'94dextrin

Ach`ro*\'94*dex"trin (#), n. [Gr. dextrin.] (Physiol. Chem.) Dextrin not colorable by iodine. See Dextrin.

Achroous

Ach"ro*ous (#), a. [Gr. Colorless; achromatic.

Achylous

A*chy"lous (#), a. [Gr. (Physiol.) Without chyle.

Achymous

A*chy"mous (#), a. [Gr. (Physiol.) Without chyme.

Acicula

A*cic"u*la (#), n.; pl. Acicul\'91 (#). [L., a small needle, dimin. of acus needle.] (Nat. Hist.) One of the needlelike or bristlelike spines or prickles of some animals and plants; also, a needlelike crystal.

Acicular

A*cic"u*lar (#), a. Needle-shaped; slender like a needle or bristle, as some leaves or crystals; also, having sharp points like needless. A*cic"u*lar*ly, adv.

Aciculate, Aciculated

A*cic"u*late (#), A*cic"u*la"ted (#) a. (Nat. Hist.) (a) Furnished with acicul\'91. (b) Acicular. (c) Marked with fine irregular streaks as if scratched by a needle. Lindley.

Aciculiform

A*cic"u*li*form (#), a. [L. acicula needle + -form.] Needle-shaped; acicular.

Aciculite

A*cic"u*lite (#), n. (Min.) Needle ore. Brande & C.

Acid

Ac"id (#), a. [L. acidus sour, fr. the root ak to be sharp: cf. F. acide. Cf. Acute.]

1. Sour, sharp, or biting to the taste; tart; having the taste of vinegar: as, acid fruits or liquors. Also fig.: Sour-tempered.

He was stern and his face as acid as ever. A. Trollope.

2. Of or pertaining to an acid; as, acid reaction.

Acid

Ac"id, n.

1. A sour substance.

2. (Chem.) One of a class of compounds, generally but not always distinguished by their sour taste, solubility in water, and reddening of vegetable blue or violet colors. They are also characterized by the power of destroying the distinctive properties of alkalies or bases, combining with them to form salts, at the same time losing their own peculiar properties. They all contain hydrogen, united with a more negative element or radical, either alone, or more generally with oxygen, and take their names from this negative element or radical. Those which contain no oxygen are sometimes called hydracids in distinction from the others which are called oxygen acids or oxacids. &hand; In certain cases, sulphur, selenium, or tellurium may take the place of oxygen, and the corresponding compounds are called respectively sulphur acids or sulphacids, selenium acids, or tellurium acids. When the hydrogen of an acid is replaced by a positive element or radical, a salt is formed, and hence acids are sometimes named as salts of hydrogen; as hydrogen nitrate for nitric acid, hydrogen sulphate for sulphuric acid, etc. In the old chemistry the name acid was applied to the oxides of the negative or nonmetallic elements, now sometimes called anhydrides.

Acidic

A*cid"ic (#), a. (Min.) Containing a high percentage of silica; -- opposed to basic. <-- 2. of or relating to acid; having the character of an acid, as an acidic solution. -->

Acidiferous

Ac`id*if"er*ous (#), a. [L. acidus sour + -ferous.] Containing or yielding an acid.

Acidifiable

A*cid"i*fi`a*ble (#), a. Capable of being acidified, or converted into an acid.

Acidific

Ac`id*if"ic (#), a. Producing acidity; converting into an acid. Dana.

Acidification

A*cid`i*fi*ca"tion (#), n. [Cf. F. acidification.] The act or process of acidifying, or changing into an acid.

Acidifier

A*cid"i*fi`er (#), n. (Chem.) A simple or compound principle, whose presence is necessary to produce acidity, as oxygen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, etc.

Acidify

A*cid"i*fy (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acidified (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acidifying (#).] [L. acidus sour, acid + -fy: cf. F. acidifier.]

1. To make acid; to convert into an acid; as, to acidify sugar.

2. To sour; to imbitter.

His thin existence all acidified into rage. Carlyle.

Acidimeter

Ac`id*im"e*ter (#), n. [L. acidus acid + -meter.] (Chem.) An instrument for ascertaining the strength of acids. Ure.

Acidimetry

Ac`id*im"e*try (#), n. [L. acidus acid + -metry.] (Chem.) The measurement of the strength of acids, especially by a chemical process based on the law of chemical combinations, or the fact that, to produce a complete reaction, a certain definite weight of reagent is required. -- Ac`id*i*met"ric*al (#), a.

Acidity

A*cid"i*ty (#), n. [L. acidites, fr. acidus: cf. F. acidit\'82. See Acid.] The quality of being sour; sourness; tartness; sharpness to the taste; as, the acidity of lemon juice.

Acidly

Ac"id*ly (#), adv. Sourly; tartly.

Acidness

Ac"id*ness (#), n. Acidity; sourness.

Acidulate

A*cid"u*late (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acidulated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acidulating (#).] [Cf. F. aciduler. See Acidulous.] To make sour or acid in a moderate degree; to sour somewhat. Arbuthnot.

Acidulent

A*cid"u*lent (#), a. Having an acid quality; sour; acidulous. "With anxious, acidulent face." Carlyle.

Acidulous

A*cid"u*lous (#), a. [L. acidulus, dim. of acidus. See Acid.] Slightly sour; sub-acid; sourish; as, an acidulous tincture. E. Burke. Acidulous mineral waters, such as contain carbonic anhydride.

Acierage

Ac`i*er*age (#), n. [F. aci\'82rage, fr. acier steel.] The process of coating the surface of a metal plate (as a stereotype plate) with steellike iron by means of voltaic electricity; steeling.

Aciform

Ac"i*form (#), a. [L. acus needle + -form.] Shaped like a needle.

Acinaceous

Ac"i*na"ceous (#), a. [L. acinus a grape, grapestone.] (Bot.) Containing seeds or stones of grapes, or grains like them.

Acinaces

A*cin"a*ces (#), n. [L., from Gr. (Anc. Hist.) A short sword or saber.

Acinaciform

Ac`i*nac"i*form (#), a. [L. acinaces a short sword + -form: cf. F. acinaciforme.] (Bot.) Scimeter-shaped; as, an acinaciform leaf.

Acinesia

Ac`i*ne"si*a (#), n. (Med.) Same as Akinesia.

Acinet\'91

Ac`i*ne"t\'91 (#), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of suctorial Infusoria, which in the adult stage are stationary. See Suctoria.

Acinetiform

Ac`i*net"i*form (#), a. [Acinet\'91 + -form.] (Zo\'94l.) Resembling the Acinet\'91.

Aciniform

A*cin"i*form (#), a. [L. acinus a grape, grapestone + -form: cf. F. acinoforme.]

1. Having the form of a cluster of grapes; clustered like grapes.

2. Full of small kernels like a grape.

Acinose, Acinous

Ac"i*nose` (#), Ac"i*nous (#) a. [L. acinosus, fr. acinus grapestone.] Consisting of acini, or minute granular concretions; as, acinose or acinous glands. Kirwan.
Page 16

Acinus

Ac"i*nus (#), n.; pl. Acini (#). [L., grape, grapestone.]

1. (Bot.) (a) One of the small grains or drupelets which make up some kinds of fruit, as the blackberry, raspberry, etc. (b) A grapestone.

2. (Anat.) One of the granular masses which constitute a racemose or compound gland, as the pancreas; also, one of the saccular recesses in the lobules of a racemose gland. Quain.

Acipenser

Ac`i*pen"ser (#), n. [L., the name of a fish.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of ganoid fishes, including the sturgeons, having the body armed with bony scales, and the mouth on the under side of the head. See Sturgeon.

Aciurgy

Ac"i*ur`gy (#), n. [Gr. Operative surgery.

Acknow

Ac*know" (#), v. t. [Pref. a- + know; AS. oncn\'bewan.]

1. To recognize. [Obs.] "You will not be acknown, sir." B. Jonson.

2. To acknowledge; to confess. [Obs.] Chaucer. To be acknown (often with of or on), to acknowledge; to confess. [Obs.]

We say of a stubborn body that standeth still in the denying of his fault, This man will not acknowledge his fault, or, He will not be acknown of his fault. Sir T. More.

Acknowledge

Ac*knowl"edge (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acknowledged (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acknowledging (#).] [Prob. fr. pref. a- + the verb knowledge. See Knowledge, and ci. Acknow.]

1. To of or admit the knowledge of; to recognize as a fact or truth; to declare one's belief in; as, to acknowledge the being of a God.

I acknowledge my transgressions. Ps. li. 3.
For ends generally acknowledged to be good. Macaulay.

2. To own or recognize in a particular character or relationship; to admit the claims or authority of; to give recognition to.

In all thy ways acknowledge Him. Prov. iii. 6.
By my soul, I'll ne'er acknowledge thee. Shak.

3. To own with gratitude or as a benefit or an obligation; as, to acknowledge a favor, the receipt of a letter.

They his gifts acknowledged none. Milton.

4. To own as genuine; to assent to, as a legal instrument, to give it validity; to avow or admit in legal form; as, to acknowledgea deed. Syn. -- To avow; proclaim; recognize; own; admit; allow; concede; confess. -- Acknowledge, Recognize. Acknowledge is opposed to keep back, or conceal, and supposes that something had been previously known to us (though perhaps not to others) which we now feel bound to lay open or make public. Thus, a man acknowledges a secret marriage; one who has done wrong acknowledges his fault; and author acknowledges his obligation to those who have aided him; we acknowledge our ignorance. Recognize supposes that we have either forgotten or not had the evidence of a thing distinctly before our minds, but that now we know it (as it were) anew, or receive and admit in on the ground of the evidence it brings. Thus, we recognize a friend after a long absence. We recognize facts, principles, truths, etc., when their evidence is brought up fresh to the mind; as, bad men usually recognize the providence of God in seasons of danger. A foreign minister, consul, or agent, of any kind, is recognized on the ground of his producing satisfactory credentials. See also Confess.

Acknowledgedly

Ac*knowl"edged*ly (#), adv. Confessedly.

Acknowledger

Ac*knowl"edg*er (#), n. One who acknowledges.

Acknowledgment

Ac*knowl"edg*ment (#), n.

1. The act of acknowledging; admission; avowal; owning; confession. "An acknowledgment of fault." Froude.

2. The act of owning or recognized in a particular character or relationship; recognition as regards the existence, authority, truth, or genuineness.

Immediately upon the acknowledgment of the Christian faith, the eunuch was baptized by Philip. Hooker.

3. The owning of a benefit received; courteous recognition; expression of thanks. Shak.

4. Something given or done in return for a favor, message, etc. Smollett.

5. A declaration or avowal of one's own act, to give it legal validity; as, the acknowledgment of a deed before a proper officer. Also, the certificate of the officer attesting such declaration. Acknowledgment money, in some parts of England, a sum paid by copyhold tenants, on the death of their landlords, as an acknowledgment of their new lords. Cowell. Syn. -- Confession; concession; recognition; admission; avowal; recognizance.

Aclinic

A*clin"ic (#), a. [Gr. (Physics.) Without inclination or dipping; -- said the magnetic needle balances itself horizontally, having no dip. The aclinic line is also termed the magnetic equator. Prof. August.

Acme

Ac"me (#), n. [Gr.

1. The top or highest point; the culmination.

The very acme and pitch of life for epic poetry. Pope.
The moment when a certain power reaches the acme of its supremacy. I. Taylor.

2. (Med.) The crisis or height of a disease.

3. Mature age; full bloom of life. B. Jonson.

Acne

Ac"ne (#), n. [NL., prob. a corruption of Gr. (Med.) A pustular affection of the skin, due to changes in the sebaceous glands.

Acnodal

Ac*no"dal (#), a. Pertaining to acnodes.

Acnode

Ac"node (#), n. [L. acus needle + E. node.] (Geom.) An isolated point not upon a curve, but whose co\'94rdinates satisfy the equation of the curve so that it is considered as belonging to the curve.

Acock

A*cock" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + cock.] In a cocked or turned up fashion.

Acockbill

A*cock"bill` (#), adv. [Prefix a- + cock + bill: with bills cocked up.] (Naut.) (a) Hanging at the cathead, ready to let go, as an anchor. (b) Topped up; having one yardarm higher than the other.

Acold

A*cold" (#), a. [Prob. p. p. of OE. acolen to grow cold or cool, AS. \'bec\'d3lian to grow cold; pref. a- (cf. Goth. er-, orig. meaning out) + c\'d3lian to cool. See Cool.] Cold. [Obs.] "Poor Tom's acold." Shak.

Acologic

Ac`o*log"ic (#), a. Pertaining to acology.

Acology

A*col"o*gy (#), n. [Gr. -logy.] Materia medica; the science of remedies.

Acolothist

A*col"o*thist (#), n. See Acolythist.

Acolyctine

Ac`o*lyc"tine (#), n. [From the name of the plant.] (Chem.) An organic base, in the form of a white powder, obtained from Aconitum lycoctonum. Eng. Cyc.

Acolyte

Ac`o*lyte (#), n. [LL. acolythus, acoluthus, Gr. acolyte.]

1. (Eccl.) One who has received the highest of the four minor orders in the Catholic church, being ordained to carry the wine and water and the lights at the Mass.

2. One who attends; an assistant. "With such chiefs, and with James and John as acolytes." Motley.

Acolyth

Ac"o*lyth (#), n. Same as Acolyte.

Acolythist

A*col"y*thist (#), n. An acolyte. [Obs.]

Aconddylose, Acondylous

A*cond"dy*lose` (#), A*con"dy*lous (#), a. [Gr. (Nat. Hist.) Being without joints; jointless.

Aconital

Ac`o*ni"tal (#), a. Of the nature of aconite.

Aconite

Ac"o*nite (#), n. [L. aconitum, Gr. aconit.]

1. (Bot.) The herb wolfsbane, or monkshood; -- applied to any plant of the genus Aconitum (tribe Hellebore), all the species of which are poisonous.

2. An extract or tincture obtained from Aconitum napellus, used as a poison and medicinally. Winter aconite, a plant (Eranthis hyemalis) allied to the aconites.

Aconitia

Ac`o*ni"ti*a (#), n. (Chem.) Same as Aconitine.

Aconitic

Ac`o*nit"ic (#), a. Of or pertaining to aconite.

Aconitine

A*con"i*tine (#), n. (Chem.) An intensely poisonous alkaloid, extracted from aconite.

Aconitum

Ac`o*ni"tum (#), n. [L. See Aconite.] The poisonous herb aconite; also, an extract from it.
Strong As aconitum or rash gunpowder. Shak.

Acontia

A*con"ti*a (#), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Threadlike defensive organs, composed largely of nettling cells (cnid\'91), thrown out of the mouth or special pores of certain Actini\'91 when irritated.

Acontias

A*con"ti*as (#), n. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Anciently, a snake, called dart snake; now, one of a genus of reptiles closely allied to the lizards.

Acopic

A*cop"ic (#), a. [Gr. priv. + (Med.) Relieving weariness; restorative.

Acorn

A"corn (#), n. [AS. \'91cern, fr. \'91cer field, acre; akin to D. aker acorn, Ger. ecker, Icel. akarn, Dan. agern, Goth. akran fruit, akrs field; -- orig. fruit of the field. See Acre.]

1. The fruit of the oak, being an oval nut growing in a woody cup or cupule.

2. (Naut.) A cone-shaped piece of wood on the point of the spindle above the vane, on the mast-head.

3. (Zo\'94l.) See Acorn-shell.

Acorn cup

A"corn cup (#). The involucre or cup in which the acorn is fixed.

Acorned

A"corned (#), a.

1. Furnished or loaded with acorns.

2. Fed or filled with acorns. [R.] Shak.

Acorn-shell

A"corn-shell` (#), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the sessile cirripeds; a barnacle of the genus Balanus. See Barnacle.

Acosmism

A*cos"mism (#), n. [Gr. A denial of the existence of the universe as distinct from God.

Acosmist

A*cos"mist (#), n. [See Acosmism.] One who denies the existence of the universe, or of a universe as distinct from God. G. H. Lewes.

Acotyledon

A*cot`y*le"don (#; 277), n. [Gr. Cotyledon.] (Bot.) A plant which has no cotyledons, as the dodder and all flowerless plants.

Acotyledonous

A*cot`y*led"on*ous (#; 277), a. Having no seed lobes, as the dodder; also applied to plants which have no true seeds, as ferns, mosses, etc.

Acouchy

A*cou"chy (#), n. [F. acouchi, from the native name Guiana.] (Zo\'94l.) A small species of agouti (Dasyprocta acouchy).

Acoumeter

A*cou"me*ter (#), n. [Gr. -meter
.]
(Physics.) An instrument for measuring the acuteness of the sense of hearing. Itard.

Acoumetry

A*cou"me*try (#), n. [Gr. -metry.] The measuring of the power or extent of hearing.

Acoustic

A*cous"tic (#; 277), a. [F. acoustique, Gr. Pertaining to the sense of hearing, the organs of hearing, or the science of sounds; auditory. Acoustic duct, the auditory duct, or external passage of the ear. -- Acoustic telegraph, a telegraph making audible signals; a telephone. -- Acoustic vessels, brazen tubes or vessels, shaped like a bell, used in ancient theaters to propel the voices of the actors, so as to render them audible to a great distance.

Acoustic

A*cous"tic, n. A medicine or agent to assist hearing.

Acoustical

A*cous"tic*al (#), a. Of or pertaining to acoustics.

Acoustically

A*cous"tic*al*ly (#), adv. In relation to sound or to hearing. Tyndall.

Acoustician

Ac`ous*ti"cian (#), n. One versed in acoustics. Tyndall.

Acoustics

A*cous"tics (#; 277), n. [Names of sciences in -ics, as, acoustics, mathematics, etc., are usually treated as singular. See -ics.] (Physics.) The science of sounds, teaching their nature, phenomena, and laws.
Acoustics, then, or the science of sound, is a very considerable branch of physics. Sir J. Herschel.
&hand; The science is, by some writers, divided, into diacoustics, which explains the properties of sounds coming directly from the ear; and catacoustica, which treats of reflected sounds or echoes.

Acquaint

Ac*quaint" (#), a. [OF. acoint. See Acquaint, v. t.] Acquainted. [Obs.]

Acquaint

Ac*quaint", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acquainted; p. pr. & vb. n. Acquainting.] [OE. aqueinten, acointen, OF. acointier, LL. adcognitare, fr. L. ad + cognitus, p. p. of cognoscere to know; con- + noscere to know. See Quaint, Know.]

1. To furnish or give experimental knowledge of; to make (one) to know; to make familiar; -- followed by with.

Before a man can speak on any subject, it is necessary to be acquainted with it. Locke.
A man of sorrows and acquainted with grief. Isa. liii. 3.

2. To communicate notice to; to inform; to make cognizant; -- followed by with (formerly, also, by of), or by that, introducing the intelligence; as, to acquaint a friend with the particulars of an act.

Acquaint her here of my son Paris' love. Shak.
I must acquaint you that I have received New dated letters from Northumberland. Shak.

3. To familiarize; to accustom. [Obs.] Evelyn. To be acquainted with, to be possessed of personal knowledge of; to be cognizant of; to be more or less familiar with; to be on terms of social intercourse with. Syn. -- To inform; apprise; communicate; advise.

Acquaintable

Ac*quaint"a*ble (#), a. [Cf. OF. acointable]. Easy to be acquainted with; affable. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Acquaintance

Ac*quaint"ance (#), n. [OE. aqueintance, OF. acointance, fr. acointier. See Acquaint.]

1. A state of being acquainted, or of having intimate, or more than slight or superficial, knowledge; personal knowledge gained by intercourse short of that of friendship or intimacy; as, I know the man; but have no acquaintance with him.

Contract no friendship, or even acquaintance, with a guileful man. Sir W. Jones.

2. A person or persons with whom one is acquainted.

Montgomery was an old acquaintance of Ferguson. Macaulay.
&hand; In this sense the collective term acquaintance was formerly both singular and plural, but it is now commonly singular, and has the regular plural acquaintances. To be of acquaintance, to be intimate. -- To take acquaintance of or with, to make the acquaintance of. [Obs.] Syn. -- Familiarity; intimacy; fellowship; knowledge. -- Acquaintance, Familiarity, Intimacy. These words mark different degrees of closeness in social intercourse. Acquaintance arises from occasional intercourse; as, our acquaintance has been a brief one. We can speak of a slight or an intimate acquaintance. Familiarity is the result of continued acquaintance. It springs from persons being frequently together, so as to wear off all restraint and reserve; as, the familiarity of old companions. Intimacy is the result of close connection, and the freest interchange of thought; as, the intimacy of established friendship.
Our admiration of a famous man lessens upon our nearer acquaintance with him. Addison.
We contract at last such a familiarity with them as makes it difficult and irksome for us to call off our minds. Atterbury.
It is in our power to confine our friendships and intimacies to men of virtue. Rogers.

Acquaintanceship

Ac*quaint"ance*ship, n. A state of being acquainted; acquaintance. Southey.

Acquaintant

Ac*quaint"ant (#), n. [Cf. F. acointant, p. pr.] An acquaintance. [R.] Swift.

Acquainted

Ac*quaint"ed, a. Personally known; familiar. See To be acquainted with, under Acquaint, v. t.

Acquaintedness

Ac*quaint"ed*ness, n. State of being acquainted; degree of acquaintance. [R.] Boyle.

Acquest

Ac*quest" (#), n. [OF. aquest, F. acqu\'88t, fr. LL. acquestum, acquis\'c6tum, for L. acquis\'c6tum, p. p. (used substantively) of acquirere to acquire. See Acquire.]

1. Acquisition; the thing gained. [R.] Bacon.

2. (Law) Property acquired by purchase, gift, or otherwise than by inheritance. Bouvier.

Acquiesce

Ac`qui*esce" (#), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Acquiesced (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acquiescing (#)] [L. acquiescere; ad + quiescere to be quiet, fr. quies rest: cf. F. acquiescer. See Quiet.]

1. To rest satisfied, or apparently satisfied, or to rest without opposition and discontent (usually implying previous opposition or discontent); to accept or consent by silence or by omitting to object; -- followed by in, formerly also by with and to.

They were compelled to acquiesce in a government which they did not regard as just. De Quincey.

2. To concur upon conviction; as, to acquiesce in an opinion; to assent to; usually, to concur, not heartily but so far as to forbear opposition. Syn. -- To submit; comply; yield; assent; agree; consent; accede; concur; conform; accept tacitly.

Acquiescence

Ac`qui*es"cence (#), n. [Cf. F. acquiescence.]

1. A silent or passive assent or submission, or a submission with apparent content; -- distinguished from avowed consent on the one hand, and on the other, from opposition or open discontent; quiet satisfaction.

2. (Crim. Law) (a) Submission to an injury by the party injured. (b) Tacit concurrence in the action of another. Wharton. p. 17

Acquiescency

Ac`qui*es"cen*cy (#), n. The quality of being acquiescent; acquiescence.

Acquiescent

Ac`qui*es"cent (#), a. [L. acquiescens, -; p. pr.] Resting satisfied or submissive; disposed tacitly to submit; assentive; as, an acquiescent policy.

Acquiescently

Ac`qui*es"cent*ly, adv. In an acquiescent manner.

Acquiet

Ac*qui"et (#), v. t. [LL. acquietare; L. ad + quies rest. See Quiet and cf. Acquit.] To quiet. [Obs.]
Acquiet his mind from stirring you against your own peace. Sir A. Sherley.

Acquirability

Ac*quir"a*bil"i*ty (#), n. The quality of being acquirable; attainableness. [R.] Paley.

Acquirable

Ac*quir"a*ble (#), a. Capable of being acquired.

Acquire

Ac*quire" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acquired (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acquiring (#).] [L. acquirere, acquisitum; ad + quarere to seek for. In OE. was a verb aqueren, fr. the same, through OF. aquerre. See Quest..] To gain, usually by one's own exertions; to get as one's own; as, to acquire a title, riches, knowledge, skill, good or bad habits.
No virtue is acquired in an instant, but step by step. Barrow.
Descent is the title whereby a man, on the death of his ancestor, acquires his estate, by right of representation, as his heir at law. Blackstone.
Syn. -- To obtain; gain; attain; procure; win; earn; secure. See Obtain.

Acquirement

Ac*quire"ment (#), n. The act of acquiring, or that which is acquired; attainment. "Rules for the acquirement of a taste." Addison.
His acquirements by industry were . . . enriched and enlarged by many excellent endowments of nature. Hayward.
Syn. -- Acquisition, Acquirement. Acquirement is used in opposition to a natural gift or talent; as, eloquence, and skill in music and painting, are acquirements; genius is the gift or endowment of nature. It denotes especially personal attainments, in opposition to material or external things gained, which are more usually called acquisitions; but this distinction is not always observed.

Acquirer

Ac*quir"er (#), n. A person who acquires.

Acquiry

Ac*quir"y (#), n. Acquirement. [Obs.] Barrow.

Acquisite

Ac"qui*site (#), a. [L. acquisitus, p. p. of acquirere. See Acquire.] Acquired. [Obs.] Burton.

Acquisition

Ac`qui*si"tion (#), n. [L. acquisitio, fr. acquirere: cf. F. acquisition. See Acquire.]

1. The act or process of acquiring.

The acquisition or loss of a province. Macaulay.

2. The thing acquired or gained; an acquirement; a gain; as, learning is an acquisition. Syn. -- See Acquirement.

Acquisitive

Ac*quis"i*tive (#), a.

1. Acquired. [Obs.]

He died not in his acquisitive, but in his native soil. Wotton.

2. Able or disposed to make acquisitions; acquiring; as, an acquisitive person or disposition.

Acquisitively

Ac*quis"i*tive*ly, adv. In the way of acquisition.

Acquisitiveness

Ac*quis"i*tive*ness, n.

1. The quality of being acquisitive; propensity to acquire property; desire of possession.

2. (Phren.) The faculty to which the phrenologists attribute the desire of acquiring and possessing. Combe.

Acquisitor

Ac*quis"i*tor (#), n. One who acquires.

Acquist

Ac*quist" (#), n. [Cf. Acquest.] Acquisition; gain. Milton.

Acquit

Ac*quit" (#), p. p. Acquitted; set free; rid of. [Archaic] Shak.

Acquit

Ac*quit", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acquitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Acquitting.] [OE. aquiten, OF. aquiter, F. acquitter; (L. ad) + OF. quiter, F. quitter, to quit. See Quit, and cf. Acquiet.]

1. To discharge, as a claim or debt; to clear off; to pay off; to requite.

A responsibility that can never be absolutely acquitted. I. Taylor.

2. To pay for; to atone for. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To set free, release or discharge from an obligation, duty, liability, burden, or from an accusation or charge; -- now followed by of before the charge, formerly by from; as, the jury acquitted the prisoner; we acquit a man of evil intentions.

4. Reflexively: (a) To clear one's self.k. (b) To bear or conduct one's self; to perform one's part; as, the soldier acquitted himself well in battle; the orator acquitted himself very poorly. Syn. -- To absolve; clear; exonerate; exonerate; exculpate; release; discharge. See Absolve.

Acquitment

Ac*quit"ment (#), n. [Cf. OF. aquitement.] Acquittal. [Obs.] Milton.

Acquittal

Ac*quit"tal (#), n.

1. The act of acquitting; discharge from debt or obligation; acquittance.

2. (Law) A setting free, or deliverance from the charge of an offense, by verdict of a jury or sentence of a court. Bouvier.

Acquittance

Ac*quit"tance (#), n. [OF. aquitance, fr. aquiter. See Acquit.]

1. The clearing off of debt or obligation; a release or discharge from debt or other liability.

2. A writing which is evidence of a discharge; a receipt in full, which bars a further demand.

You can produce acquittances For such a sum, from special officers. Shak.

Acquittance

Ac*quit"tance, v. t. To acquit. [Obs.] Shak.

Acquitter

Ac*quit"ter (#), n. One who acquits or releases.

Acrania

A*cra"ni*a (#), n. [NL., from Gr.

1. (Physiol.) Partial or total absence of the skull.

2. pl. (Zo\'94l.) The lowest group of Vertebrata, including the amphioxus, in which no skull exists.

Acranial

A*cra"ni*al (#), a. Wanting a skull.

Acrase, Acraze

A*crase", A*craze" (#), v. t. [Pref. a- + crase; or cf. F. \'82craser to crush. See Crase, Craze.]

1. To craze. [Obs.] Grafton.

2. To impair; to destroy. [Obs.] Hacket.

Acrasia, Acrasy

A*cra"si*a (#), Ac"ra*sy (#) n. [Gr. akrasia.] Excess; intemperance. [Obs. except in Med.] Farindon.

Acraspeda

A*cras"pe*da (#), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of acalephs, including most of the larger jellyfishes; the Discophora.

Acre

A"cre (#), n. [OE. aker, AS. \'91cer; akin to OS. accar, OHG. achar, Ger. acker, Icel. akr, Sw. \'86ker, Dan. ager, Goth. akrs, L. ager, Gr. ajra. \'fb2, 206.]

1. Any field of arable or pasture land. [Obs.]

2. A piece of land, containing 160 square rods, or 4,840 square yards, or 43,560 square feet. This is the English statute acre. That of the United States is the same. The Scotch acre was about 1.26 of the English, and the Irish 1.62 of the English. &hand; The acre was limited to its present definite quantity by statutes of Edward I., Edward III., and Henry VIII. Broad acres, many acres, much landed estate. [Rhetorical] -- God's acre, God's field; the churchyard.

I like that ancient Saxon phrase, which calls The burial ground, God's acre. Longfellow.

Acreable

A"cre*a*ble (#), a. Of an acre; per acre; as, the acreable produce.

Acreage

A"cre*age (#), n. Acres collectively; as, the acreage of a farm or a country.

Acred

A"cred (#), a. Possessing acres or landed property; -- used in composition; as, large-acred men.

Acrid

Ac"rid (#), a. [L. acer sharp; prob. assimilated in form to acid. See Eager.]

1. Sharp and harsh, or bitter and not, to the taste; pungent; as, acrid salts.

2. Causing heat and irritation; corrosive; as, acrid secretions.

3. Caustic; bitter; bitterly irritating; as, acrid temper, mind, writing. Acrid poison, a poison which irritates, corrodes, or burns the parts to which it is applied.

Acridity, Acridness

A*crid"i*ty (#), Ac"rid*ness (#) n. The quality of being acrid or pungent; irritant bitterness; acrimony; as, the acridity of a plant, of a speech.

Acridly

Ac"rid*ly (#), adv. In an acid manner.

Acrimonious

Ac"ri*mo"ni*ous (#), a. [Cf. LL. acrimonious, F. acrimonieux.]

1. Acrid; corrosive; as, acrimonious gall. [Archaic] Harvey.

2. Caustic; bitter-tempered' sarcastic; as, acrimonious dispute, language, temper.

Acrimoniously

Ac`ri*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. In an acrimonious manner.

Acrimoniousness

Ac`ri*mo"ni*ous*ness, n. The quality of being acrimonious; asperity; acrimony.

Acrimony

Ac"ri*mo*ny (#), n.; pl. Acrimonies (#). [L. acrimonia, fr. acer, sharp: cf. F. acrimonie.]

1. A quality of bodies which corrodes or destroys others; also, a harsh or biting sharpness; as, the acrimony of the juices of certain plants. [Archaic] Bacon.

2. Sharpness or severity, as of language or temper; irritating bitterness of disposition or manners.

John the Baptist set himself with much acrimony and indignation to baffle this senseless arrogant conceit of theirs. South.
Syn. -- Acrimony, Asperity, Harshness, Tartness. These words express different degrees of angry feeling or language. Asperity and harshness arise from angry feelings, connected with a disregard for the feelings of others. Harshness usually denotes needless severity or an undue measure of severity. Acrimony is a biting sharpness produced by an imbittered spirit. Tartness denotes slight asperity and implies some degree of intellectual readiness. Tartness of reply; harshness of accusation; acrimony of invective.
In his official letters he expressed, with great acrimony, his contempt for the king's character. Macaulay.
It is no very cynical asperity not to confess obligations where no benefit has been received. Johnson.
A just reverence of mankind prevents the growth of harshness and brutality. Shaftesbury.

Acrisia, Acrisy

A*cris"i*a (#), Ac"ri*sy (#), n. [LL. acrisia, Gr.

1. Inability to judge.

2. (Med.) Undecided character of a disease. [Obs.]

Acrita

Ac"ri*ta (#), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The lowest groups of animals, in which no nervous system has been observed.

Acritan

Ac"ri*tan (#), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Acrita. -- n. An individual of the Acrita.

Acrite

Ac"rite (#), a. (Zo\'94l.) Acritan. Owen.

Acritical

A*crit"ic*al (#), a. [Gr. (Med.) Having no crisis; giving no indications of a crisis; as, acritical symptoms, an acritical abscess.

Acritochromacy

Ac`ri*to*chro"ma*cy (#), n. [Gr. Color blindness; achromatopsy.

Acritude

Ac"ri*tude (#), n. [L. acritudo, from acer sharp.] Acridity; pungency joined with heat. [Obs.]

Acrity

Ac"ri*ty (#), n. [L. acritas, fr. acer sharp: cf. F. \'83cret\'82.] Sharpness; keenness. [Obs.]

Acroamatic, Acroamatical

Ac`ro*a*mat"ic (#), Ac`ro*a*mat"ic*al (#), a. [Gr. Communicated orally; oral; -- applied to the esoteric teachings of Aristotle, those intended for his genuine disciples, in distinction from his exoteric doctrines, which were adapted to outsiders or the public generally. Hence: Abstruse; profound.

Acroatic

Ac`ro*at"ic (#), a. [Gr. Same as Acroamatic.

Acrobat

Ac"ro*bat (#), n. [F. acrobate, fr. Gr. One who practices rope dancing, high vaulting, or other daring gymnastic feats.

Acrobatic

Ac`ro*bat"ic (#), a. [Cf. F. acrobatique.] Pertaining to an acrobat. -- Ac`ro*bat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Acrobatism

Ac"ro*bat*ism (#), n. Feats of the acrobat; daring gymnastic feats; high vaulting.

Acrocarpous

Ac`ro*car"pous (#), a. [Gr. (Bot.) (a) Having a terminal fructification; having the fruit at the end of the stalk. (b) Having the fruit stalks at the end of a leafy stem, as in certain mosses.

Acrocephalic

Ac`ro*ce*phal"ic (#), a. [Gr. Cephalic.] Characterized by a high skull.

Acrocephaly

Ac`ro*ceph"a*ly (#), n. Loftiness of skull.

Acroceraunian

Ac`ro*ce*rau"ni*an (#), a. [L. acroceraunius, fr. Gr. Of or pertaining to the high mountain range of "thunder-smitten" peaks (now Kimara), between Epirus and Macedonia. Shelley.

Acrodactylum

Ac`ro*dac"tyl*um (#), n. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The upper surface of the toes, individually.

Acrodont

Ac"ro*dont (#), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of a group of lizards having the teeth immovably united to the top of the alveolar ridge. -- a. Of or pertaining to the acrodonts.

Acrogen

Ac"ro*gen (#), n. [Gr. -gen.]

Acrogen

Ac"ro*gen (#), n. [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.) A plant of the highest class of cryptograms, including the ferns, etc. See Cryptogamia. The Age of Acrogens (Geol.), the age of coal plants, or the carboniferous era.

Acrogenous

Ac*rog"e*nous (#), a. (Bot.) Increasing by growth from the extremity; as, an acrogenous plant.

Acrolein

A*cro"le*in (#), n. [L. acer sharp + ol\'c7re to smell.] (Chem.) A limpid, colorless, highly volatile liquid, obtained by the dehydration of glycerin, or the destructive distillation of neutral fats containing glycerin. Its vapors are intensely irritating. Watts.

Acrolith

Ac"ro*lith (#), n. [L. acrolthus, Gr. with the ends made of stone; (Arch. & Sculp.) A statue whose extremities are of stone, the trunk being generally of wood. Elmes.

Acrolithan, Acrolithic

A*crol"i*than (#), Ac`ro*lith"ic (#), a. Pertaining to, or like, an acrolith.

Acromegaly

Ac`ro*meg"a*ly (#), n. [NL. acromegalia, fr. Gr. (Med.) Chronic enlargement of the extremities and face.

Acromial

A*cro"mi*al (#), a. [Cf. F. acromial.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the acromion. Dunglison.

Acromion

A*cro"mi*on (#), n. [Gr. acromion
.]
(Anat.) The outer extremity of the shoulder blade.

Acromonogrammatic

Ac`ro*mon`o*gram*mat"ic (#), a. [Gr. Having each verse begin with the same letter as that with which the preceding verse ends.

Acronyc, Acronychal

A*cron"yc (#), A*cron"ych*al (#), a. [Gr. (Astron.) Rising at sunset and setting at sunrise, as a star; -- opposed to cosmical. &hand; The word is sometimes incorrectly written acronical, achronychal, acronichal, and acronical.

Acronycally

A*cron"yc*al*ly, adv. In an acronycal manner as rising at the setting of the sun, and vise vers\'83.

Acronyctous

Ac"ro*nyc"tous (#), a. [Gr. (Astron.) Acronycal.

Acrook

A*crook" (#), adv. Crookedly. [R.] Udall.

Acropetal

A*crop"e*tal (#), a. [Gr. petere to seek.] (Bot.) Developing from below towards the apex, or from the circumference towards the center; centripetal; -- said of certain inflorescence.

Achrophony

A*chroph"o*ny (#), n. [Gr. The use of a picture symbol of an object to represent phonetically the initial sound of the name of the object.

Acropodium

Ac`ro*po"di*um (#), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The entire upper surface of the foot.

Acropolis

A*crop"o*lis (#), n. [Gr. The upper part, or the citadel, of a Grecian city; especially, the citadel of Athens.

Acropolitan

Ac"ro*pol"i*tan (#), a. Pertaining to an acropolis.

Acrospire

Ac"ro*spire (#), n. [Gr. (Bot.) The sprout at the end of a seed when it begins to germinate; the plumule in germination; -- so called from its spiral form.

Acrospire

Ac"ro*spire, v. i. To put forth the first sprout.

Acrospore

Ac"ro*spore (#), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A spore borne at the extremity of the cells of fructification in fungi.

Acrosporous

Ac"ro*spor"ous (#), a. Having acrospores.

Across

A*cross" (#; 115), prep. [Pref. a- + cross: cf. F. en croix. See Cross, n.] From side to side; athwart; crosswise, or in a direction opposed to the length; quite over; as, a bridge laid across a river. Dryden. To come across, to come upon or meet incidentally. Freeman. -- To go across the country, to go by a direct course across a region without following the roads.

Across

A*cross", adv.

1. From side to side; crosswise; as, with arms folded across. Shak.

2. Obliquely; athwart; amiss; awry. [Obs.]

The squint-eyed Pharisees look across at all the actions of Christ. Bp. Hall.

Acrostic

A*cros"tic (#) (#), n. [Gr.

1. A composition, usually in verse, in which the first or the last letters of the lines, or certain other letters, taken in order, form a name, word, phrase, or motto.

2. A Hebrew poem in which the lines or stanzas begin with the letters of the alphabet in regular order (as Psalm cxix.). See Abecedarian. Double acrostic, a species of enigma<-- crossword puzzle -->, in which words are to be guessed whose initial and final letters form other words.

Acrostic, Acrostial

A*cros"tic (#), A*cros"ti*al (#), n. Pertaining to, or characterized by, acrostics.

Acrostically

A*cros"tic*al*ly, adv. After the manner of an acrostic.

Acrotarsium

Ac`ro*tar"si*um (#), n. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The instep or front of the tarsus. <-- p. 18 -->

Acroteleutic

Ac`ro*te*leu"tic (#), n. [Gr. (Eccles.) The end of a verse or psalm, or something added thereto, to be sung by the people, by way of a response.

Acroter

Ac"ro*ter (#), n. [F. acrot\'8are. See Acroterium.] (Arch.) Same as Acroterium.

Acroterial

Ac`ro*te"ri*al (#), a. Pertaining to an acroterium; as, ornaments. P. Cyc.

Acroterium

Ac`ro*te`ri*um (#), n.; pl. Acrotplwia (#). [L., fr. Gr. (Arch.) (a) One of the small pedestals, for statues or other ornaments, placed on the apex and at the basal angles of a pediment. Acroteria are also sometimes placed upon the gables in Gothic architecture. J. H. Parker. (b) One of the pedestals, for vases or statues, forming a part roof balustrade.

Acrotic

A*crot"ic (#), a. [Gr. (Med.) Pertaining to or affecting the surface.

Acrotism

Ac"ro*tism (#), n. [Gr. (Med.) Lack or defect of pulsation.

Acrotomous

A*crot"o*mous (#), a. [Gr. (Min.) Having a cleavage parallel with the base.

Acrylic

A*cryl"ic (#), a. (Chem.) Of or containing acryl, the hypothetical radical of which acrolein is the hydride; as, acrylic acid.

Act

Act (#), n. [L. actus, fr. agere to drive, do: cf. F. acte. See Agent.]

1. That which is done or doing; the exercise of power, or the effect, of which power exerted is the cause; a performance; a deed.

That best portion of a good man's life, His little, nameless, unremembered acts Of kindness and of love. Wordsworth.
Hence, in specific uses: (a) The result of public deliberation; the decision or determination of a legislative body, council, court of justice, etc.; a decree, edit, law, judgment, resolve, award; as, an act of Parliament, or of Congress. (b) A formal solemn writing, expressing that something has been done. Abbott. (c) A performance of part of a play; one of the principal divisions of a play or dramatic work in which a certain definite part of the action is completed. (d) A thesis maintained in public, in some English universities, by a candidate for a degree, or to show the proficiency of a student.

2. A state of reality or real existence as opposed to a possibility or possible existence. [Obs.]

The seeds of plants are not at first in act, but in possibility, what they afterward grow to be. Hooker.

3. Process of doing; action. In act, in the very doing; on the point of (doing). "In act to shoot." Dryden.

This woman was taken . . . in the very act. John viii. 4.
Act of attainder. (Law) See Attainder. -- Act of bankruptcy (Law), an act of a debtor which renders him liable to be adjudged a bankrupt. -- Act of faith. (Ch. Hist.) See Auto-da-F\'82. -- Act of God (Law), an inevitable accident; such extraordinary interruption of the usual course of events as is not to be looked for in advance, and against which ordinary prudence could not guard. -- Act of grace, an expression often used to designate an act declaring pardon or amnesty to numerous offenders, as at the beginning of a new reign. -- Act of indemnity, a statute passed for the protection of those who have committed some illegal act subjecting them to penalties. Abbott. -- Act in pais, a thing done out of court (anciently, in the country), and not a matter of record. Syn. -- See Action.

Act

Act, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acted; p. pr. & vb. n. Acting.] [L. actus, p. p. of agere to drive, lead, do; but influenced by E. act, n.]

1. To move to action; to actuate; to animate. [Obs.]

Self-love, the spring of motion, acts the soul. Pope.

2. To perform; to execute; to do. [Archaic]

That we act our temporal affairs with a desire no greater than our necessity. Jer. Taylor.
Industry doth beget by producing good habits, and facility of acting things expedient for us to do. Barrow.
Uplifted hands that at convenient times Could act extortion and the worst of crimes. Cowper.

3. To perform, as an actor; to represent dramatically on the stage.

4. To assume the office or character of; to play; to personate; as, to act the hero.

5. To feign or counterfeit; to simulate.

With acted fear the villain thus pursued. Dryden.
To act a part, to sustain the part of one of the characters in a play; hence, to simulate; to dissemble. -- To act the part of, to take the character of; to fulfill the duties of.

Act

Act, v. i.

1. To exert power; to produce an effect; as, the stomach acts upon food.

2. To perform actions; to fulfill functions; to put forth energy; to move, as opposed to remaining at rest; to carry into effect a determination of the will.

He hangs between, in doubt to act or rest. Pope.

3. To behave or conduct, as in morals, private duties, or public offices; to bear or deport one's self; as, we know not why he has acted so.

4. To perform on the stage; to represent a character.

To show the world how Garrick did not act. Cowper.
To act as ∨ for, to do the work of; to serve as. -- To act on, to regulate one's conduct according to. -- To act up to, to equal in action; to fulfill in practice; as, he has acted up to his engagement or his advantages.<-- to act up, to misbehave -->

Actable

Act"a*ble (#), a. Capable of being acted. Tennyson.

Actinal

Ac"ti*nal (#), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the part of a radiate animal which contains the mouth. L. Agassiz.

Actinaria

Ac`ti*na"ri*a (#), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A large division of Anthozoa, including those which have simple tentacles and do not form stony corals. Sometimes, in a wider sense, applied to all the Anthozoa, expert the Alcyonaria, whether forming corals or not.

Acting

Act"ing (#), a.

1. Operating in any way.

2. Doing duty for another; officiating; as, an superintendent.

Actinia

Ac*tin"i*a (#), n.; pl. L. Actini\'91 (#), E. Actinias (#). [Latinized fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An animal of the class Anthozoa, and family Actinid\'91. From a resemblance to flowers in form and color, they are often called animal flowers and sea anemones. [See Polyp.]. (b) A genus in the family Actinid\'91.

Actinic

Ac*tin"ic (#), a. Of or pertaining to actinism; as, actinic rays.

Actiniform

Ac*tin"i*form (#), a. [Gr. -form.] Having a radiated form, like a sea anemone.

Actinism

Ac"tin*ism (#), n. [Gr. The property of radiant energy (found chiefly in solar or electric light) by which chemical changes are produced, as in photography.

Actinium

Ac*tin"i*um (#), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A supposed metal, said by Phipson to be contained in commercial zinc; -- so called because certain of its compounds are darkened by exposure to light.

Actino-chemistry

Ac`ti*no-chem"is*try (#), n. Chemistry in its relations to actinism. Draper.

Actinograph

Ac*tin"o*graph (#), n. [Gr. -graph.] An instrument for measuring and recording the variations in the actinic or chemical force of rays of light. Nichol.

Actinoid

Ac"tin*oid (#), a. [Gr. -oid.] Having the form of rays; radiated, as an actinia.

Actinolite

Ac*tin"o*lite (#), n. [Gr. -lite.] (Min.) A bright green variety of amphibole occurring usually in fibrous or columnar masses.

Actinolitic

Ac`tin*o*lit"ic (#), a. (Min.) Of the nature of, or containing, actinolite.

Actinology

Ac`ti*nol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science which treats of rays of light, especially of the actinic or chemical rays.

Actinomere

Ac*tin"o*mere (#), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the radial segments composing the body of one of the C\'d2lenterata.

Actinometer

Ac`ti*nom"e*ter (#), n. [Gr. -meter] (a) An instrument for measuring the direct heating power of the sun's rays. (b) An instrument for measuring the actinic effect of rays of light.

Actinometric

Ac`ti*no*met"ric (#), a. Pertaining to the measurement of the intensity of the solar rays, either (a) heating, or (b) actinic.

Actinometry

Ac`ti*nom"e*try (#), n.

1. The measurement of the force of solar radiation. Maury.

2. The measurement of the chemical or actinic energy of light. Abney.

Actinophorous

Ac`ti*noph"o*rous (#), a. [Gr. Having straight projecting spines.

Actinosome

Ac*tin"o*some (#), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The entire body of a c\'d2lenterate.

Actinost

Ac"tin*ost (#), n. [Gr. (Anat.) One of the bones at the base of a paired fin of a fish.

Actinostome

Ac*tin"o*stome (#), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The mouth or anterior opening of a c\'d2lenterate animal.

Actinotrocha

Ac`ti*not"ro*cha (#), n. pl. [NL.; Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A peculiar larval form of Phoronis, a genus of marine worms, having a circle of ciliated tentacles.

Actinozoa

Ac"ti*no*zo"a (#), n. pl. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of C\'d2lenterata, comprising the Anthozoa Ctenophora. The sea anemone, or actinia, is a familiar example.

Actinozoal

Ac`ti*no*zo"al (#), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Actinozoa.

Actinozo\'94n

Ac"ti*no*zo"\'94n (#), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Actinozoa.

Actinula

Ac*tin"u*la (#), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A kind of embryo of certain hydroids (Tubularia), having a stellate form.

Action

Ac"tion (#), n. [OF. action, L. actio, fr. agere to do. See Act.]

1. A process or condition of acting or moving, as opposed to rest; the doing of something; exertion of power or force, as when one body acts on another; the effect of power exerted on one body by another; agency; activity; operation; as, the action of heat; a man of action.

One wise in council, one in action brave. Pope.

2. An act; a thing done; a deed; an enterprise. (pl.): Habitual deeds; hence, conduct; behavior; demeanor.

The Lord is a Good of knowledge, and by him actions are weighed. 1 Sam. ii. 3.

3. The event or connected series of events, either real or imaginary, forming the subject of a play, poem, or other composition; the unfolding of the drama of events.

4. Movement; as, the horse has a spirited action.

5. (Mech.) Effective motion; also, mechanism; as, the breech action of a gun.

6. (Physiol.) Any one of the active processes going on in an organism; the performance of a function; as, the action of the heart, the muscles, or the gastric juice.

7. (Orat.) Gesticulation; the external deportment of the speaker, or the suiting of his attitude, voice, gestures, and countenance, to the subject, or to the feelings.

8. (Paint. & Sculp.) The attitude or position of the several parts of the body as expressive of the sentiment or passion depicted.

9. (Law) (a) A suit or process, by which a demand is made of a right in a court of justice; in a broad sense, a judicial proceeding for the enforcement or protection of a right, the redress or prevention of a wrong, or the punishment of a public offense. (b) A right of action; as, the law gives an action for every claim.

10. (Com.)A share in the capital stock of a joint-stock company, or in the public funds; hence, in the plural, equivalent to stocks. [A Gallicism] [Obs.]

The Euripus of funds and actions. Burke.

11. An engagement between troops in war, whether on land or water; a battle; a fight; as, a general action, a partial action.

12. (Music) The mechanical contrivance by means of which the impulse of the player's finger is transmitted to the strings of a pianoforte or to the valve of an organ pipe. Grove. Chose in action. (Law) See Chose. -- Quantity of action (Physics), the product of the mass of a body by the space it runs through, and its velocity. Syn. -- Action, Act. In many cases action and act are synonymous; but some distinction is observable. Action involves the mode or process of acting, and is usually viewed as occupying some time in doing. Act has more reference to the effect, or the operation as complete.

To poke the fire is an act, to reconcile friends who have quarreled is a praiseworthy action. C. J. Smith.

Actionable

Ac"tion*a*ble (#), a. [Cf. LL. actionabilis. See Action.] That may be the subject of an action or suit at law; as, to call a man a thief is actionable.

Actionably

Ac"tion*a*bly, adv. In an actionable manner.

Actionary, Actionist

Ac"tion*a*ry (#), Ac"tion*ist (#), n. [Cf. F. actionnaire.] (Com.) A shareholder in joint-stock company. [Obs.]

Actionless

Ac"tion*less, a. Void of action.

Activate

Ac"ti*vate (#), v. t. To make active. [Obs.]

Active

Ac"tive (#), a. [F. actif, L. activus, fr. agere to act.]

1. Having the power or quality of acting; causing change; communicating action or motion; acting; -- opposed to passive, that receives; as, certain active principles; the powers of the mind.

2. Quick in physical movement; of an agile and vigorous body; nimble; as, an active child or animal.

Active and nervous was his gait. Wordsworth.

3. In action; actually proceeding; working; in force; -- opposed to quiescent, dormant, or extinct; as, active laws; active hostilities; an active volcano.

4. Given to action; constantly engaged in action; energetic; diligent; busy; -- opposed to dull, sluggish, indolent, or inert; as, an active man of business; active mind; active zeal.

5. Requiring or implying action or exertion; -- opposed to sedentary or to tranquil; as, active employment or service; active scenes.

6. Given to action rather than contemplation; practical; operative; -- opposed to speculative or theoretical; as, an active rather than a speculative statesman.

7. Brisk; lively; as, an active demand for corn.

8. Implying or producing rapid action; as, an active disease; an active remedy.

9. (Gram.) (a) Applied to a form of the verb; -- opposed to passive. See Active voice, under Voice. (b) Applied to verbs which assert that the subject acts upon or affects something else; transitive. (c) Applied to all verbs that express action as distinct from mere existence or state. Active capital, Active wealth, money, or property that may readily be converted into money. Syn. -- Agile; alert; brisk; vigorous; nimble; lively; quick; sprightly; prompt; energetic.

Actively

Ac"tive*ly, adv.

1. In an active manner; nimbly; briskly; energetically; also, by one's own action; voluntarily, not passively.

2. (Gram.) In an active signification; as, a word used actively.

Activeness

Ac"tive*ness, n. The quality of being active; nimbleness; quickness of motion; activity.

Activity

Ac*tiv"i*ty (#), n.; pl. Activities (#). [Cf. F. activit\'82, LL. activitas.] The state or quality of being active; nimbleness; agility; vigorous action or operation; energy; active force; as, an increasing variety of human activities. "The activity of toil." Palfrey. Syn. -- Liveliness; briskness; quickness.

Actless

Act"less (#), a. Without action or spirit. [R.]

Acton

Ac"ton (#), n. [OF. aketon, auqueton, F. hoqueton, a quilted jacket, fr. Sp. alcoton, algodon, cotton. Cf. Cotton.] A stuffed jacket worn under the mail, or (later) a jacket plated with mail. [Spelled also hacqueton.] [Obs.] Halliwell. Sir W. Scott.

Actor

Ac"tor (#), n. [L. actor, fr. agere to act.]

1. One who acts, or takes part in any affair; a doer.

2. A theatrical performer; a stageplayer.

After a well graced actor leaves the stage. Shak.

3. (Law) (a) An advocate or proctor in civil courts or causes. Jacobs. (b) One who institutes a suit; plaintiff or complainant.

Actress

Ac`tress (#), n. [Cf. F. actrice.]

1. A female actor or doer. [Obs.] Cockeram.

2. A female stageplayer; a woman who acts a part.

Actual

Ac"tu*al (#; 135), a. [OE. actuel, F. actuel, L. actualis, fr. agere to do, act.]

1. Involving or comprising action; active. [Obs.]

Her walking and other actual performances. Shak.
Let your holy and pious intention be actual; that is . . . by a special prayer or action, . . . given to God. Jer. Taylor.

2. Existing in act or reality; really acted or acting; in fact; real; -- opposed to potential, possible, virtual, speculative, coceivable, theoretical, or nominal; as, the actual cost of goods; the actual case under discussion.

3. In action at the time being; now exiting; present; as the actual situation of the country. Actual cautery. See under Cautery. -- Actual sin (Theol.), that kind of sin which is done by ourselves in contradistinction to "original sin." Syn. -- Real; genuine; positive; certain. See Real. <-- p. 19 -->

Actual

Ac"tu*al (#), n. (Finance) Something actually received; real, as distinct from estimated, receipts. [Cant]
The accounts of revenues supplied . . . were not real receipts: not, in financial language, "actuals," but only Egyptian budget estimates. Fortnightly Review.

Actualist

Ac"tu*al*ist, n. One who deals with or considers actually existing facts and conditions, rather than fancies or theories; -- opposed to idealist. J. Grote.

Actuality

Ac`tu*al"i*ty (#), n.; pl. Actualities (#). The state of being actual; reality; as, the actuality of God's nature. South.

Actualization

Ac`tu*al*i*za"tion (#), n. A making actual or really existent. [R.] Emerson.

Actualize

Ac"tu*al*ize (#), v. t. To make actual; to realize in action. [R.] Coleridge.

Actually

Ac"tu*al*ly, adv.

1. Actively. [Obs.] "Neither actually . . . nor passively." Fuller.

2. In act or in fact; really; in truth; positively.

Actualness

Ac"tu*al*ness, n. Quality of being actual; actuality.

Actuarial

Ac`tu*a"ri*al (#), a. Of or pertaining to actuaries; as, the actuarial value of an annuity.

Actuary

Ac"tu*a*ry (#), n.; pl. Actuaries (#). [L. actuarius copyist, clerk, fr. actus, p. p. of agere to do, act.]

1. (Law) A registar or clerk; -- used originally in courts of civil law jurisdiction, but in Europe used for a clerk or registar generally.

2. The computing official of an insurance company; one whose profession it is to calculate for insurance companies the risks and premiums for life, fire, and other insurances.

Actuate

Ac"tu*ate (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Actuated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Actuating (#).] [LL. actuatus, p. p. of actuare, fr. L. actus act.]

1. To put into action or motion; to move or incite to action; to influence actively; to move as motives do; -- more commonly used of persons.

Wings, which others were contriving to actuate by the perpetual motion. Johnson.
Men of the greatest abilities are most fired with ambition; and, on the contrary, mean and narrow minds are the least actuated by it. Addison.

2. To carry out in practice; to perform. [Obs.] "To actuate what you command." Jer. Taylor. Syn. -- To move; impel; incite; rouse; instigate; animate.

Actuate

Ac"tu*ate (#), a. [LL. actuatus, p. p. of actuare.] Put in action; actuated. [Obs.] South.

Actuation

Ac`tu*a"tion (#), n. [Cf. LL. actuatio.] A bringing into action; movement. Bp. Pearson.

Actuator

Ac"tu*a`tor (#), n. One who actuates, or puts into action. [R.] Melville.

Actuose

Ac"tu*ose` (#), a. [L. actuosus.] Very active. [Obs.]

Actuosity

Ac`tu*os"i*ty (#), n. Abundant activity. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Acture

Ac"ture (#), n. Action. [Obs.] Shak.

Acturience

Ac*tu"ri*ence (#), n. [A desid. of L. agere, actum, to act.] Tendency or impulse to act. [R.]
Acturience, or desire of action, in one form or another, whether as restlessness, ennui, dissatisfaction, or the imagination of something desirable. J. Grote.

Acuate

Ac"u*ate (#), v. t. [L. acus needle.] To sharpen; to make pungent; to quicken. [Obs.] "[To] acuate the blood." Harvey.

Acuate

Ac"u*ate (#), a. Sharpened; sharp-pointed.

Acuation

Ac`u*a"tion (#), n. Act of sharpening. [R.]

Acuition

Ac`u*i"tion (#), n. [L. acutus, as if acuitus, p. p. of acuere to sharpen.] The act of sharpening. [Obs.]

Acuity

A*cu"i*ty (#), n. [LL. acuitas: cf. F. acuit\'82.] Sharpness or acuteness, as of a needle, wit, etc.

Aculeate

A*cu"le*ate (#), a. [L. aculeatus, fr. aculeus, dim. of acus needle.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Having a sting; covered with prickles; sharp like a prickle.

2. (Bot.) Having prickles, or sharp points; beset with prickles.

3. Severe or stinging; incisive. [R.] Bacon.

Aculeated

A*cu"le*a`ted (#), a. Having a sharp point; armed with prickles; prickly; aculeate.

Aculeiform

A*cu"le*i*form (#), a. Like a prickle.

Aculeolate

A*cu"le*o*late (#), a. [L. aculeolus little needle.] (Bot.) Having small prickles or sharp points. Gray.

Aculeous

A*cu"le*ous (#), a. Aculeate. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Aculeus

A*cu"le*us (#), n.; pl. Aculei (#). [L., dim. of acus needle.]

1. (Bot.) A prickle growing on the bark, as in some brambles and roses. Lindley.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A sting.

Acumen

A*cu"men (#), n. [L. acumen, fr. acuere to sharpen. Cf. Acute.] Quickness of perception or discernment; penetration of mind; the faculty of nice discrimination. Selden. Syn. -- Sharpness; sagacity; keenness; shrewdness; acuteness.

Acuminate

A*cu"mi*nate (#), a. [L. acuminatus, p. p. of acuminare to sharpen, fr. acumen. See Acumen.] Tapering to a point; pointed; as, acuminate leaves, teeth, etc.

Acuminate

A*cu"mi*nate (#), v. t. To render sharp or keen. [R.] "To acuminate even despair." Cowper.

Acuminate

A*cu"mi*nate, v. i. To end in, or come to, a sharp point. "Acuminating in a cone of prelacy." Milton.

Acumination

A*cu`mi*na"tion (#), n. A sharpening; termination in a sharp point; a tapering point. Bp. Pearson.

Acuminose

A*cu"mi*nose` (#), a. Terminating in a flat, narrow end. Lindley.

Acuminous

A*cu"mi*nous (#), a. Characterized by acumen; keen. Highmore.

Acupressure

Ac`u*pres"sure (#), n. [L. acus needle + premere, pressum, to press.] (Surg.) A mode of arresting hemorrhage resulting from wounds or surgical operations, by passing under the divided vessel a needle, the ends of which are left exposed externally on the cutaneous surface. Simpson.

Acupuncturation

Ac`u*punc`tu*ra"tion (#), n. See Acupuncture.

Acupuncture

Ac`u*punc"ture (#), n. [L. acus needle + punctura a pricking, fr. pungere to prick: cf. F. acuponcture.] Pricking with a needle; a needle prick. Specifically (Med.): The insertion of needles into the living tissues for remedial purposes.

Acupuncture

Ac`u*punc"ture (#), v. t. To treat with acupuncture.

Acustumaunce

A*cus"tum*aunce (#), n. See Accustomance. [Obs.]

Acutangular

A*cut"an`gu*lar (#), a. Acute-angled.

Acute

A*cute" (#), a. [L. acutus, p. p. of acuere to sharpen, fr. a root ak to be sharp. Cf. Ague, Cute, Edge.]

1. Sharp at the end; ending in a sharp point; pointed; -- opposed to blunt or obtuse; as, an acute angle; an acute leaf.

2. Having nice discernment; perceiving or using minute distinctions; penetrating; clever; shrewd; -- opposed to dull or stupid; as, an acute observer; acute remarks, or reasoning.

3. Having nice or quick sensibility; susceptible to slight impressions; acting keenly on the senses; sharp; keen; intense; as, a man of acute eyesight, hearing, or feeling; acute pain or pleasure.

4. High, or shrill, in respect to some other sound; -- opposed to grave or low; as, an acute tone or accent.

5. (Med.) Attended with symptoms of some degree of severity, and coming speedily to a crisis; -- opposed to chronic; as, an acute disease. Acute angle (Geom.), an angle less than a right angle. Syn. -- Subtile; ingenious; sharp; keen; penetrating; sagacious; sharp-witted; shrewd; discerning; discriminating. See Subtile.

Acute

A*cute", v. t. To give an acute sound to; as, he acutes his rising inflection too much. [R.] Walker.

Acuteangled

A*cute"*an`gled (#), a. Having acute angles; as, an acute-angled triangle, a triangle with every one of its angles less than a right angle.

Acutely

A*cute"ly, adv. In an acute manner; sharply; keenly; with nice discrimination.

Acuteness

A*cute"ness, n.

1. The quality of being acute or pointed; sharpness; as, the acuteness of an angle.

2. The faculty of nice discernment or perception; acumen; keenness; sharpness; sensitiveness; -- applied to the senses, or the understanding. By acuteness of feeling, we perceive small objects or slight impressions: by acuteness of intellect, we discern nice distinctions.

Perhaps, also, he felt his professional acuteness interested in bringing it to a successful close. Sir W. Scott.

3. Shrillness; high pitch; -- said of sounds.

4. (Med.) Violence of a disease, which brings it speedily to a crisis. Syn. -- Penetration; sagacity; keenness; ingenuity; shrewdness; subtlety; sharp-wittedness.

Acutifoliate

A*cu`ti*fo"li*ate (#), a. [L. acutus sharp + folium leaf.] (Bot.) Having sharp-pointed leaves.

Acutilobate

A*cu`ti*lo"bate (#), a. [L. acutus sharp + E. lobe.] (Bot.) Having acute lobes, as some leaves.

Ad-

Ad- (#). [A Latin preposition, signifying to. See At.] As a prefix ad- assumes the forms ac-, af-, ag-, al-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-, assimilating the d with the first letter of the word to which ad- is prefixed. It remains unchanged before vowels, and before d, h, j, m, v. Examples: adduce, adhere, adjacent, admit, advent, accord, affect, aggregate, allude, annex, appear, etc. It becomes ac- before qu, as in acquiesce.

Adact

Ad*act" (#), v. t. [L. adactus, p. p. of adigere.] To compel; to drive. [Obs.] Fotherby.

Adactyl, Adactylous

A*dac"tyl (#), A*dac"tyl*ous (#), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Without fingers or without toes. (b) Without claws on the feet (of crustaceous animals).

Adage

Ad"age (#), n. [F. adage, fr. L. adagium; ad + the root of L. aio I say.] An old saying, which has obtained credit by long use; a proverb.
Letting "I dare not" wait upon "I would," Like the poor cat i' the adage. Shak.
Syn. -- Axiom; maxim; aphorism; proverb; saying; saw; apothegm. See Axiom.

Adagial

A*da"gi*al (#), a. Pertaining to an adage; proverbial. "Adagial verse." Barrow.

Adagio

A*da"gio (#), a. & adv. [It. adagio; ad (L. ad) at + agio convenience, leisure, ease. See Agio.] (Mus.) Slow; slowly, leisurely, and gracefully. When repeated, adagio, adagio, it directs the movement to be very slow.

Adagio

A*da"gio, n. A piece of music in adagio time; a slow movement; as, an adagio of Haydn.

Adam

Ad"am (#), n.

1. The name given in the Bible to the first man, the progenitor of the human race.

2. (As a symbol) "Original sin;" human frailty.

And whipped the offending Adam out of him. Shak.
Adam's ale, water. [Coll.] -- Adam's apple.

1. (Bot.) (a) A species of banana (Musa paradisiaca). It attains a height of twenty feet or more. Paxton]. (b) A species of lime (Citris limetta).

2. The projection formed by the thyroid cartilage in the neck. It is particularly prominent in males, and is so called from a notion that it was caused by the forbidden fruit (an apple) sticking in the throat of our first parent. -- Adam's flannel (Bot.), the mullein (Verbascum thapsus). -- Adam's needle (Bot.), the popular name of a genus (Yucca) of liliaceous plants.

Adamant

Ad"a*mant (#), n. [OE. adamaunt, adamant, diamond, magnet, OF. adamant, L. adamas, adamantis, the hardest metal, fr. Gr. adamare to love, be attached to, the word meant also magnet, as in OF. and LL. See Diamond, Tame.]

1. A stone imagined by some to be of impenetrable hardness; a name given to the diamond and other substance of extreme hardness; but in modern minerology it has no technical signification. It is now a rhetorical or poetical name for the embodiment of impenetrable hardness.

Opposed the rocky orb Of tenfold adamant, his ample shield. Milton.

2. Lodestone; magnet. [Obs.] "A great adamant of acquaintance." Bacon.

As true to thee as steel to adamant. Greene.

Adamantean

Ad`a*man*te"an (#), a. [L. adamant\'c7us.] Of adamant; hard as adamant. Milton.

Adamantine

Ad`a*man"tine (#), a. [L. adamantinus, Gr.

1. Made of adamant, or having the qualities of adamant; incapable of being broken, dissolved, or penetrated; as, adamantine bonds or chains.

2. (Min.) Like the diamond in hardness or luster.

Adambulacral

Ad`am*bu*la"cral (#), a. [L. ad + E. ambulacral.] (Zo\'94l.) Next to the ambulacra; as, the adambulacral ossicles of the starfish.

Adamic, Adamical

A*dam"ic (#), A*dam"ic*al (#), a. Of or pertaining to Adam, or resembling him. Adamic earth, a name given to common red clay, from a notion that Adam means red earth.

Adamite

Ad"am*ite (#), n. [From Adam.]

1. A descendant of Adam; a human being.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of visionaries, who, professing to imitate the state of Adam, discarded the use of dress in their assemblies.

Adam's apple

Ad"am's ap"ple (#). See under Adam.

Adance

A*dance" (#), adv. Dancing. Lowell.

Adangle

A*dan"gle (#), adv. Dangling. Browning.

Adansonia

Ad`an*so"ni*a (#), n. [From Adanson, a French botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of great trees related to the Bombax. There are two species, A. digitata, the baobab or monkey-bread of Africa and India, and A. Gregorii, the sour gourd or cream-of-tartar tree of Australia. Both have a trunk of moderate height, but of enormous diameter, and a wide-spreading head. The fruit is oblong, and filled with pleasantly acid pulp. The wood is very soft, and the bark is used by the natives for making ropes and cloth. D. C. Eaton.

Adapt

A*dapt" (#), a. Fitted; suited. [Obs.] Swift.

Adapt

A*dapt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adapted; p. pr. & vb. n. Adapting.] [L. adaptare; ad + aptare to fit; cf. F. adapter. See Apt, Adept.] To make suitable; to fit, or suit; to adjust; to alter so as to fit for a new use; -- sometimes followed by to or for.
For nature, always in the right, To your decays adapts my sight. Swift.
Appeals adapted to his [man's] whole nature. Angus.
Streets ill adapted for the residence of wealthy persons. Macaulay.

Adaptability, Adaptableness

A*dapt`a*bil"i*ty (#), A*dapt"a*ble*ness (#), n. The quality of being adaptable; suitableness. "General adaptability for every purpose." Farrar.

Adaptable

A*dapt"a*ble (#), a. Capable of being adapted.

Adaptation

Ad`ap*ta"tion (#), n. [Cf. F. adaptation, LL. adaptatio.]

1. The act or process of adapting, or fitting; or the state of being adapted or fitted; fitness. "Adaptation of the means to the end." Erskine.

2. The result of adapting; an adapted form.

Adaptative

A*dapt"a*tive (#), a. Adaptive. Stubbs.

Adaptedness

A*dapt"ed*ness (#), n. The state or quality of being adapted; suitableness; special fitness.

Adapter

A*dapt"er (#), n.

1. One who adapts.

2. (Chem.) A connecting tube; an adopter. <-- 2. any device connecting two parts of an apparatus (e.g. tubes of different diameters, or electric cords with different plug types); a device allowing an apparatus to be used for purposes other than originally intended -->

Adaption

A*dap"tion (#), n. Adaptation. Cheyne.

Adaptive

A*dapt"ive (#), a. Suited, given, or tending, to adaptation; characterized by adaptation; capable of adapting. Coleridge. -- A*dapt"ive*ly, adv.

Adaptiveness

A*dapt"ive*ness, n. The quality of being adaptive; capacity to adapt.

Adaptly

A*dapt"ly, adv. In a suitable manner. [R.] Prior.

Adaptness

A*dapt"ness, n. Adaptedness. [R.]

Adaptorial

Ad`ap*to"ri*al (#), a. Adaptive. [R.]

Adar

A"dar (#), n. [Heb. ad\'84r.] The twelfth month of the Hebrew ecclesiastical year, and the sixth of the civil. It corresponded nearly with March.

Adarce

A*dar"ce (#), n. [L. adarce, adarca, Gr. A saltish concretion on reeds and grass in marshy grounds in Galatia. It is soft and porous, and was formerly used for cleansing the skin from freckles and tetters, and also in leprosy. Dana.

Adatis

Ad"a*tis (#), n. A fine cotton cloth of India.

Adaunt

A*daunt" (#), v. t. [OE. adaunten to overpower, OF. adonter; \'85 (L. ad) + donter, F. dompter. See Daunt.] To daunt; to subdue; to mitigate. [Obs.] Skelton.

Adaw

A*daw" (#), v. t. [Cf. OE. adawe of dawe, AS. of dagum from days, i. e., from life, out of life.] To subdue; to daunt. [Obs.]
The sight whereof did greatly him adaw. Spenser.

Adaw

A*daw", v. t. & i. [OE. adawen to wake; pref. a- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-) + dawen, dagon, to dawn. See Daw.] To awaken; to arouse. [Obs.]
A man that waketh of his sleep He may not suddenly well taken keep Upon a thing, ne seen it parfitly Till that he be adawed verily. Chaucer.

Adays

A*days" (#), adv. [Pref. a- (for on) + day; the final s was orig. a genitive ending, afterwards forming adverbs.] By day, or every day; in the daytime. [Obs.] Fielding.

Ad captandum

Ad cap*tan"dum (#). [L., for catching.] A phrase used adjectively sometimes of meretricious attempts to catch or win popular favor.

Add

Add (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Added; p. pr. & vb. n. Adding.] [L. addere; ad + dare to give, put. Cf. Date, Do.]

1. To give by way of increased possession (to any one); to bestow (on).

The Lord shall add to me another son. Gen. xxx. 24.

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2. To join or unite, as one thing to another, or as several particulars, so as to increase the number, augment the quantity, enlarge the magnitude, or so as to form into one aggregate. Hence: To sum up; to put together mentally; as, to add numbers; to add up a column.

Back to thy punishment, False fugitive, and to thy speed add wings. Milton.
As easily as he can add together the ideas of two days or two years. Locke.

3. To append, as a statement; to say further.

He added that he would willingly consent to the entire abolition of the tax. Macaulay.
Syn. -- To Add, Join, Annex, Unite, Coalesce. We add by bringing things together so as to form a whole. We join by putting one thing to another in close or continuos connection. We annex by attaching some adjunct to a larger body. We unite by bringing things together so that their parts adhere or intermingle. Things coalesce by coming together or mingling so as to form one organization. To add quantities; to join houses; to annex territory; to unite kingdoms; to make parties coalesce.

Add

Add (#), v. i.

1. To make an addition. To add to, to augment; to increase; as, it adds to our anxiety. "I will add to your yoke." 1 Kings xii. 14.

2. To perform the arithmetical operation of addition; as, he adds rapidly.

Addable

Add"a*ble (#), a. [Add, v. + -able.] Addible.

Addax

Ad"dax (#), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the largest African antelopes (Hippotragus, ∨ Oryx, nasomaculatus). &hand; It is now believed to be the Strepsiceros (twisted horn) of the ancients. By some it is thought to be the pygarg of the Bible.

Addeem

Ad*deem" (#), v. t. [Pref. a- + deem.] To award; to adjudge. [Obs.] "Unto him they did addeem the prise." Spenser.

Addendum

Ad*den"dum (#), n.; pl. Addenda (#). [L., fr. addere to add.] A thing to be added; an appendix or addition. Addendum circle (Mech.), the circle which may be described around a circular spur wheel or gear wheel, touching the crests or tips of the teeth. Rankine.

Adder

Add"er (#), n. [See Add.] One who, or that which, adds; esp., a machine for adding numbers.

Adder

Ad"der, n. [OE. addere, naddere, eddre, AS. n\'91dre, adder, snake; akin to OS. nadra, OHG. natra, natara, Ger. natter, Goth. nadrs, Icel. na\'ebr, masc., na\'ebra, fem.: cf. W. neidr, Gorn. naddyr, Ir. nathair, L. natrix, water snake. An adder is for a nadder.]

1. A serpent. [Obs.] "The eddre seide to the woman." Wyclif. Gen. iii. 4. )

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small venomous serpent of the genus Vipera. The common European adder is the Vipera (or Pelias) berus. The puff adders of Africa are species of Clotho. (b) In America, the term is commonly applied to several harmless snakes, as the milk adder, puffing adder, etc. (c) Same as Sea Adder. &hand; In the sculptures the appellation is given to several venomous serpents, -- sometimes to the horned viper (Cerastles).

Adder fly/

Ad"der fly/ (#). A dragon fly.

Adder's-tongue

Ad"der's-tongue` (#), n. (Bot.) (a) A genus of ferns (Ophioglossum), whose seeds are produced on a spike resembling a serpent's tongue. (b) The yellow dogtooth violet. Gray.

Adderwort

Ad"der*wort` (#), n. (Bot.) The common bistort or snakeweed (Polygonum bistorta).

Addibility

Add`i*bil"i*ty (#), n. The quantity of being addible; capability of addition. Locke.

Addible

Add"i*ble (#), a. Capable of being added. "Addible numbers." Locke.

Addice

Ad"dice (#), n. See Adze. [Obs.] Moxon.

Addict

Ad*dict" (#), p. p. Addicted; devoted. [Obs.]

Addict

Ad*dict", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Addicted; p. pr. & vb. n. Addicting.] [L. addictus, p. p. of addicere to adjudge, devote; ad + dicere to say. See Diction.]

1. To apply habitually; to devote; to habituate; -- with to. "They addict themselves to the civil law." Evelyn.

He is addicted to his study. Beau. & Fl.
That part of mankind that addict their minds to speculations. Adventurer.
His genius addicted him to the study of antiquity. Fuller.
A man gross . . . and addicted to low company. Macaulay.

2. To adapt; to make suitable; to fit. [Obs.]

The land about is exceedingly addicted to wood, but the coldness of the place hinders the growth. Evelyn.
Syn. -- Addict, Devote, Consecrate, Dedicate. Addict was formerly used in a good sense; as, addicted to letters; but is now mostly employed in a bad sense or an indifferent one; as, addicted to vice; addicted to sensual indulgence. "Addicted to staying at home." J. S. Mill. Devote is always taken in a good sense, expressing habitual earnestness in the pursuit of some favorite object; as, devoted to science. Consecrate and dedicate express devotion of a higher kind, involving religious sentiment; as, consecrated to the service of the church; dedicated to God.

Addictedness

Ad*dict"ed*ness, n. The quality or state of being addicted; attachment.

Addiction

Ad*dic"tion (#), n. [Cf. L. addictio an adjudging.] The state of being addicted; devotion; inclination. "His addiction was to courses vain." Shak.

Addison's disease

Ad"di*son's dis*ease" (#). [Named from Thomas Addison, M. D., of London, who first described it.] (Med.) A morbid condition causing a peculiar brownish discoloration of the skin, and thought, at one time, to be due to disease of the suprarenal capsules (two flat triangular bodies covering the upper part of the kidneys), but now known not to be dependent upon this causes exclusively. It is usually fatal.

Additament

Ad*dit"a*ment (#), n. [L. additamentum, fr. additus, p. p. of addere to add.] An addition, or a thing added. Fuller.
My persuasion that the latter verses of the chapter were an additament of a later age. Coleridge.

Addition

Ad*di"tion (#), n. [F. addition, L. additio, fr. addere to add.]

1. The act of adding two or more things together; -- opposed to subtraction or diminution. "This endless addition or addibility of numbers." Locke.

2. Anything added; increase; augmentation; as, a piazza is an addition to a building.

3. (Math.) That part of arithmetic which treats of adding numbers.

4. (Mus.) A dot at the right side of a note as an indication that its sound is to be lengthened one half. [R.]

5. (Law) A title annexed to a man's name, to identify him more precisely; as, John Doe, Esq.; Richard Roe, Gent.; Robert Dale, Mason; Thomas Way, of New York; a mark of distinction; a title.

6. (Her.) Something added to a coat of arms, as a mark of honor; -- opposed to abatement. Vector addition (Geom.), that kind of addition of two lines, or vectors, AB and BC, by which their sum is regarded as the line, or vector, AC. Syn. -- Increase; accession; augmentation; appendage; adjunct.

Additional

Ad*di"tion*al (#), a. Added; supplemental; in the way of an addition.

Additional

Ad*di"tion*al, n. Something added. [R.] Bacon.

Additionally

Ad*di"tion*al*ly, adv. By way of addition.

Additionary

Ad*di"tion*a*ry (#), a. Additional. [R.] Herbert.

Addititious

Ad`di*ti"tious (#), a. [L. addititius, fr. addere.] Additive. [R.] Sir J. Herschel.

Additive

Ad"di*tive (#), a. [L. additivus.] (Math.) Proper to be added; positive; -- opposed to subtractive.

Additory

Ad"di*to*ry (#), a. Tending to add; making some addition. [R.] Arbuthnot.

Addle

Ad"dle (#), n. [OE. adel, AS. adela, mud.]

1. Liquid filth; mire. [Obs.]

2. Lees; dregs. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Addle

Ad"dle, a. Having lost the power of development, and become rotten, as eggs; putrid. Hence: Unfruitful or confused, as brains; muddled. Dryden.

Addle

Ad"dle, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Addled (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Addling (#).] To make addle; to grow addle; to muddle; as, he addled his brain. "Their eggs were addled." Cowper.

Addle

Ad"dle, v. t. & i. [OE. adlen, adilen, to gain, acquire; prob. fr. Icel. \'94\'eblask to acquire property, akin to o\'ebal property. Cf. Allodial.]

1. To earn by labor. [Prov. Eng.] Forby.

2. To thrive or grow; to ripen. [Prov. Eng.]

Kill ivy, else tree will addle no more. Tusser.

Addle-brain, Addle-head, Addle-pate

Ad"dle-brain` (#), Ad"dle-head` (#), Ad"dle-pate (#), n. A foolish or dull-witted fellow. [Colloq.]

Addle-brained, Addle-headed, Addle-pated

Ad"dle-brained` (#), Ad"dle-head`ed (#), Ad"dle-pa`ted (#), a. Dull-witted; stupid. "The addle-brained Oberstein." Motley.
Dull and addle-pated. Dryden.

Addle-patedness

Ad"dle-pa`ted*ness (#), n. Stupidity.

Addlings

Ad"dlings (#), n. pl. [See Addle, to earn.] Earnings. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.

Addoom

Ad*doom" (#), v. t. [Pref. a- + doom.] To adjudge. [Obs.] Spenser.

Addorsed

Ad*dorsed" (#), a. [L. ad + dorsum, back: cf. F. adoss\'82.] (Her.) Set or turned back to back.

Address

Ad*dress" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Addressed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Addressing.] [OE. adressen to raise erect, adorn, OF. adrecier, to straighten, address, F. adresser, fr. \'85 (L. ad) + OF. drecier, F. dresser, to straighten, arrange. See Dress, v.]

1. To aim; to direct. [Obs.] Chaucer.

And this good knight his way with me addrest. Spenser.

2. To prepare or make ready. [Obs.]

His foe was soon addressed. Spenser.
Turnus addressed his men to single fight. Dryden.
The five foolish virgins addressed themselves at the noise of the bridegroom's coming. Jer. Taylor.

3. Reflexively: To prepare one's self; to apply one's skill or energies (to some object); to betake.

These men addressed themselves to the task. Macaulay.

4. To clothe or array; to dress. [Archaic]

Tecla . . . addressed herself in man's apparel. Jewel.

5. To direct, as words (to any one or any thing); to make, as a speech, petition, etc. (to any one, an audience).

The young hero had addressed his players to him for his assistance. Dryden.

6. To direct speech to; to make a communication to, whether spoken or written; to apply to by words, as by a speech, petition, etc., to speak to; to accost.

Are not your orders to address the senate? Addison.
The representatives of the nation addressed the king. Swift.

7. To direct in writing, as a letter; to superscribe, or to direct and transmit; as, he addressed a letter.

8. To make suit to as a lover; to court; to woo.

9. (Com.) To consign or intrust to the care of another, as agent or factor; as, the ship was addressed to a merchant in Baltimore. To address one's self to. (a) To prepare one's self for; to apply one's self to. (b) To direct one's speech or discourse to.

Address

Ad*dress" (#), v. i.

1. To prepare one's self. [Obs.] "Let us address to tend on Hector's heels." Shak.

2. To direct speech. [Obs.]

Young Turnus to the beauteous maid addrest. Dryden.
&hand; The intransitive uses come from the dropping out of the reflexive pronoun.

Address

Ad*dress, n. [Cf. F. adresse. See Address, v. t.]

1. Act of preparing one's self. [Obs.] Jer Taylor.

2. Act of addressing one's self to a person; verbal application.

3. A formal communication, either written or spoken; a discourse; a speech; a formal application to any one; a petition; a formal statement on some subject or special occasion; as, an address of thanks, an address to the voters.

4. Direction or superscription of a letter, or the name, title, and place of residence of the person addressed.

5. Manner of speaking to another; delivery; as, a man of pleasing or insinuating address.

6. Attention in the way one's addresses to a lady. Addison.

7. Skill; skillful management; dexterity; adroitness. Syn. -- Speech; discourse; harangue; oration; petition; lecture; readiness; ingenuity; tact; adroitness.

Addressee

Ad`dress*ee" (#), n. One to whom anything is addressed.

Addression

Ad*dres"sion (#), n. The act of addressing or directing one's course. [Rare & Obs.] Chapman.

Adduce

Ad*duce" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adduced (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adducing (#).] [L. adducere, adductum, to lead or bring to; ad + ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf. Adduct.] To bring forward or offer, as an argument, passage, or consideration which bears on a statement or case; to cite; to allege.
Reasons . . . were adduced on both sides. Macaulay.
Enough could not be adduced to satisfy the purpose of illustration. De Quincey.
Syn. -- To present; allege; advance; cite; quote; assign; urge; name; mention.

Adducent

Ad*du"cent (#), a. [L. addunces, p. pr. of adducere.] (Physiol.) Bringing together or towards a given point; -- a word applied to those muscles of the body which pull one part towards another. Opposed to abducent.

Adducer

Ad*du"cer (#), n. One who adduces.

Adducible

Ad*du"ci*ble (#), a. Capable of being adduced.
Proofs innumerable, and in every imaginable manner diversified, are adducible. I. Taylor.

Adduct

Ad*duct" (#), v. t. [L. adductus, p. p. of adducere. See Adduce.] (Physiol.) To draw towards a common center or a middle line. Huxley.

Adduction

Ad*duc"tion (#), n. [Cf. F. adduction. See Adduce.]

1. The act of adducing or bringing forward.

An adduction of facts gathered from various quarters. I. Taylor.

2. (Physiol.) The action by which the parts of the body are drawn towards its axis]; -- opposed to abduction. Dunglison.

Adductive

Ad*duc"tive (#), a. Adducing, or bringing towards or to something.

Adductor

Ad*duc"tor (#), n. [L., fr. adducere.] (Anat.) A muscle which draws a limb or part of the body toward the middle line of the body, or closes extended parts of the body; -- opposed to abductor; as, the adductor of the eye, which turns the eye toward the nose.
In the bivalve shells, the muscles which close the values of the shell are called adductor muscles. Verrill.

Addulce

Ad*dulce" (#), v. t. [Like F. adoucir; fr. L. ad. + dulcis sweet.] To sweeten; to soothe. [Obs.] Bacon.

Adeem

A*deem" (#), v. t. [L. adimere. See Ademption.] (Law) To revoke, as a legacy, grant, etc., or to satisfy it by some other gift.

Adelantadillo

A`de*lan`ta*dil"lo (#), n. [Sp.] A Spanish red wine made of the first ripe grapes.

Adelantado

A`de*lan*ta"do (#), n. [Sp., prop. p. of adelantar to advance, to promote.] A governor of a province; a commander. Prescott.

Adelaster

Ad*e*las"ter (#), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A provisional name for a plant which has not had its flowers botanically examined, and therefore has not been referred to its proper genus.

Adeling

Ad"el*ing (#), n. Same as Atheling.

Adelocodonic

A*del`o*co*don"ic (#), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Applied to sexual zooids of hydroids, that have a saclike form and do not become free; -- opposed to phanerocodonic.

Adelopod

A*del"o*pod (#), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An animal having feet that are not apparent.

Adelphia

A*del"phi*a (#), n. [Gr. (Bot.) A "brotherhood," or collection of stamens in a bundle; -- used in composition, as in the class names, Monadelphia, Diadelphia, etc.

Adelphous

A*del"phous (#), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having coalescent or clustered filaments; -- said of stamens; as, adelphous stamens. Usually in composition; as, monadelphous. Gray.

Adempt

A*dempt" (#), p. p. [L. ademptus, p. p. of adimere to take away.] Takes away. [Obs.]
Without any sinister suspicion of anything being added or adempt. Latimn.

Page 21

Ademption

A*demp"tion (#), n. [L. ademptio, fr. adimere, ademptum, to take away; ad + emere to buy, orig. to take.] (Law) The revocation or taking away of a grant donation, legacy, or the like. Bouvier.

Aden- or Adeno-

Aden- or Adeno-. [Gr. Combining forms of the Greek word for gland; -- used in words relating to the structure, diseases, etc., of the glands.

Adenalgia, Adenalgy

Ad`e*nal"gi*a (#), Ad"e*nal`gy (#), n. [Gr. (Med.) Pain in a gland.

Adeniform

A*den"i*form (#), a. [Aden- + -form.] Shaped like a gland; adenoid. Dunglison.

Adenitis

Ad`e*ni"tis (#), n. [Aden- + -itis.] (Med.) Glandular inflammation. Dunglison.

Adenographic

Ad`e*no*graph"ic (#), a. Pertaining to adenography.

Adenography

Ad`e*nog"ra*phy (#), n. [Adeno- + -graphy.] That part of anatomy which describes the glands.

Adenoid, Adenoidal

Ad"e*noid (#), Ad`e*noid"al (#) a. Glandlike; glandular.

Adenological

Ad`e*no*log"ic*al (#), a. Pertaining to adenology.

Adenology

Ad`e*nol"o*gy (#), n. [Adeno- + -logy.] The part of physiology that treats of the glands.

Adenophorous

Ad`e*noph"o*rous (#), a. [Adeno- + Gr. (Bot.) Producing glands.

Adenophyllous

Ad`e*noph"yl*lous (#), a. [Adeno- + Gr. (Bot.) Having glands on the leaves.

Adenose

Ad"e*nose` (?; 277), a. Like a gland; full of glands; glandulous; adenous.

Adenotomic

Ad`e*no*tom"ic (#), a. Pertaining to adenotomy.

Adenotomy

Ad`e*not"o*my (#), n. [Adeno- + Gr. (Anat.) Dissection of, or incision into, a gland or glands.

Adenous

Ad"e*nous (#), a. Same as Adenose.

Adeps

Ad"eps (#), n. [L.] Animal fat; lard.

Adept

A*dept" (#), n. [L. adeptus obtained (sc. artem), adipsci to arrive ad + apisci to pursue. See Apt, and cf. Adapt.] One fully skilled or well versed in anything; a proficient; as, adepts in philosophy.

Adept

A*dept", a. Well skilled; completely versed; thoroughly proficient.
Beaus adept in everything profound. Cowper.

Adeption

A*dep"tion (#), n. [L. adeptio. See Adept, a.] An obtaining; attainment. [Obs.]
In the wit and policy of the capitain consisteth the chief adeption of the victory. Grafton.

Adeptist

A*dept"ist, n. A skilled alchemist. [Obs.]

Adeptness

A*dept"ness, n. The quality of being adept; skill.

Adequacy

Ad"e*qua*cy (#), n. [See Adequate.] The state or quality of being adequate, proportionate, or sufficient; a sufficiency for a particular purpose; as, the adequacy of supply to the expenditure.

Adequate

Ad"e*quate (#), a. [L. adaequatus, p. p. of adaequare to make equal to; ad + aequare to make equal, aequus equal. See Equal.] Equal to some requirement; proportionate, or correspondent; fully sufficient; as, powers adequate to a great work; an adequate definition.
Ireland had no adequate champion. De Quincey.
Syn. -- Proportionate; commensurate; sufficient; suitable; competent; capable.

Adequate

Ad"e*quate (#), v. t. [See Adequate, a.]

1. To equalize; to make adequate. [R.] Fotherby.

2. To equal. [Obs.]

It [is] an impossibility for any creature to adequate God in his eternity. Shelford.

Adequately

Ad"e*quate*ly (#), adv. In an adequate manner.

Adequateness

Ad"e*quate*ness, n. The quality of being adequate; suitableness; sufficiency; adequacy.

Adequation

Ad`e*qua"tion (#), n. [L. adaequatio.] The act of equalizing; act or result of making adequate; an equivalent. [Obs.] Bp. Barlow.

Adesmy

A*des"my (#), n. [Gr. (Bot.) The division or defective coherence of an organ that is usually entire.

Adessenarian

Ad*es`se*na"ri*an (#), n. [Formed fr. L. adesse to be present; ad + esse to be.] (Eccl. Hist.) One who held the real presence of Christ's body in the eucharist, but not by transubstantiation.

Adfected

Ad*fect"ed (#), a. [L. adfectus or affectus. See Affect, v.] (Alg.) See Affected, 5.

Adfiliated

Ad*fil"i*a`ted (#), a. See Affiliated. [Obs.]

Adfiliation

Ad*fil`i*a"tion (#), n. See Affiliation. [Obs.]

Adfluxion

Ad*flux"ion (#), n. See Affluxion.

Adhamant

Ad*ha"mant (#), a. [From L. adhamare to catch; ad + hamus hook.] Clinging, as by hooks.

Adhere

Ad*here" (#), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Adhered (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adhering (#).] [L. adhaerere, adhaesum; ad + haerere to stick: cf. F. adh\'82rer. See Aghast.]

1. To stick fast or cleave, as a glutinous substance does; to become joined or united; as, wax to the finger; the lungs sometimes adhere to the pleura.

2. To hold, be attached, or devoted; to remain fixed, either by personal union or conformity of faith, principle, or opinion; as, men adhere to a party, a cause, a leader, a church.

3. To be consistent or coherent; to be in accordance; to agree. "Nor time nor place did then adhere." Every thing adheres together." Shak. Syn. -- To attach; stick; cleave; cling; hold

Adherence

Ad*her"ence (#), n. [Cf. F. adh\'82rence, LL. adhaerentia.]

1. The quality or state of adhering.

2. The state of being fixed in attachment; fidelity; steady attachment; adhesion; as, adherence to a party or to opinions. Syn. -- Adherence, Adhesion. These words, which were once freely interchanged, are now almost entirely separated. Adherence is no longer used to denote physical union, but is applied, to mental states or habits; as, a strict adherence to one's duty; close adherence to the argument, etc. Adhesion is now confined chiefly to the physical sense, except in the phrase "To give in one's adhesion to a cause or a party."

Adherency

Ad*her"en*cy (#), n.

1. The state or quality of being adherent; adherence. [R.]

2. That which adheres. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Adherent

Ad*her"ent (#), a. [L. adhaerens, -entis, p. pr.: cf. F. adh\'82rent.]

1. Sticking; clinging; adhering. Pope.

2. Attached as an attribute or circumstance.

3. (Bot.) Congenitally united with an organ of another kind, as calyx with ovary, or stamens with petals.

Adherent

Ad*her"ent, n.

1. One who adheres; one who adheres; one who follows a leader, party, or profession; a follower, or partisan; a believer in a particular faith or church.

2. That which adheres; an appendage. [R.] Milton. Syn. -- Follower; partisan; upholder; disciple; supporter; dependent; ally; backer.

Adherently

Ad*her"ent*ly, adv. In an adherent manner.

Adherer

Ad*her"er (#), n. One who adheres; an adherent.

Adhesion

Ad*he"sion (#), n. [L. adhaesio, fr. adhaerere: cf. F. adh\'82sion.]

1. The action of sticking; the state of being attached; intimate union; as the adhesion of glue, or of parts united by growth, cement, or the like.

2. Adherence; steady or firm attachment; fidelity; as, to error, to a policy.

His adhesion to the Tories was bounded by his approbation of their foreign policy. De Quincey.

3. Agreement to adhere; concurrence; assent.

To that treaty Spain and England gave in their adhesion. Macaulay.

4. (Physics) The molecular attraction exerted between bodies in contact. See Cohesion.

5. (Med.) Union of surface, normally separate, by the formation of new tissue resulting from an inflammatory process.

6. (Bot.) The union of parts which are separate in other plants, or in younger states of the same plant. Syn. -- Adherence; union. See Adherence.

Adhesive

Ad*he"sive (#), a. [Cf. F. adh\'82sif.]

1. Sticky; tenacious, as glutinous substances.

2. Apt or tending to adhere; clinging. Thomson. Adhesive attraction. (Physics) See Attraction. -- Adhesive inflammation (Surg.), that kind of inflammation which terminates in the reunion of divided parts without suppuration. -- Adhesive plaster, a sticking; a plaster containing resin, wax, litharge, and olive oil.

Adhesively

Ad*he"sive*ly, adv. In an adhesive manner.

Adhesiveness

Ad*he"sive*ness, n.

1. The quality of sticking or adhering; stickiness; tenacity of union.

2. (Phren.) Propensity to form and maintain attachments to persons, and to promote social intercourse.

Adhibit

Ad*hib"it (#), v. t. [L. adhibitus, p. p. of adhibere to hold to; ad + habere to have.]

1. To admit, as a person or thing; to take in. Muirhead.

2. To use or apply; to administer. Camden.

3. To attach; to affix. Alison.

Adhibition

Ad`hi*bi"tion (#), n. [L. adhibitio.] The act of adhibiting; application; use. Whitaker.

Ad hominem

Ad hom"i*nem (#). [L., to the man.] ` phrase applied to an appeal or argument addressed to the principles, interests, or passions of a man.

Adhort

Ad*hort" (#), v. t. [L. adhortari. See Adhortation.] To exhort; to advise. [Obs.] Feltham.

Adhortation

Ad`hor*ta"tion (#), n. [L. adhortatio, fr. adhortari to advise; ad + hortari to exhort.] Advice; exhortation. [Obs.] Peacham.

Adhortatory

Ad*hor"ta*to*ry (#), a. Containing counsel or warning; hortatory; advisory. [Obs.] Potter.

Adiabatic

Ad`i*a*bat"ic (#), a. [Gr. (Physics) Not giving out or receiving heat. -- Ad`i*a*bat`ic*al*ly, adv. Adiabatic line or curve, a curve exhibiting the variations of pressure and volume of a fluid when it expands without either receiving or giving out heat. Rankine.

Adiactinic

Ad`i*ac*tin"ic (#), a. [Pref. a- not + diactinic.] (Chem.) Not transmitting the actinic rays.

Adiantum

Ad`i*an"tum (#), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of ferns, the leaves of which shed water; maidenhair. Also, the black maidenhair, a species of spleenwort.

Adiaphorism

Ad`i*aph"o*rism (#), n. Religious indifference.

Adiaphorist

Ad`i*aph"o*rist (#), n. [See Adiaphorous.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of the German Protestants who, with Melanchthon, held some opinions and ceremonies to be indifferent or nonessential, which Luther condemned as sinful or heretical. Murdock.

Adiaphoristic

Ad`i*aph`o*ris"tic (#), a. Pertaining to matters indifferent in faith and practice. Shipley.

Adiaphorite

Ad`i*aph"o*rite (#), n. Same as Adiaphorist.

Adiaphorous

Ad`i*aph"o*rous (#), a. [Gr.

1. Indifferent or neutral. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Med.) Incapable of doing either harm or good, as some medicines. Dunglison.

Adiaphory

Ad`i*aph"o*ry, n. [Gr. Indifference. [Obs.]

Adiathermic

Ad`i*a*ther"mic (#), a. [Gr. Not pervious to heat.

Adieu

A*dieu" (#), interj. & adv. [OE. also adew, adewe, adue, F. dieu, fr. L. ad to + deus God.] Good-by; farewell; an expression of kind wishes at parting.

Adieu

A*dieu", n.; pl. Adieus (#). A farewell; commendation to the care of God at parting. Shak.

Adight

A*dight" (#), v. t. [p. p. Adight.] [Pref. a- (intensive) + OE. dihten. See Dight.] To set in order; to array; to attire; to deck, to dress. [Obs.]

Ad infinitum

Ad in`fi*ni"tum (#). [L., to infinity.] Without limit; endlessly.

Ad interim

Ad in"ter*im (#)[L.] Meanwhile; temporary.

Adepescent

Ad`e*pes"cent (#), a. [L. adeps, adipis, fat + -escent.] Becoming fatty.

Adipic

A*dip"ic (#), a. [L. adeps, adipis, fat.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, fatty or oily substances; -- applied to certain acids obtained from fats by the action of nitric acid. <-- 2. adipic acid. a dicarboxylic acid containing six carbon atoms in a linear chain -->

Adipocerate

Ad`i*poc"er*ate (#), v. t. To convert adipocere.

Adipoceration

Ad`i*poc`er*a"tion (#), n. The act or process of changing into adipocere.

Adipocere

Ad"i*po*cere` (#), n. [L. adeps, adipis, fat + cera wax: cf. F. adipocere.] A soft, unctuous, or waxy substance, of a light brown color, into which the fat and muscle tissue of dead bodies sometimes are converted, by long immersion in water or by burial in moist places. It is a result of fatty degeneration.

Adipoceriform

Ad`i*po*cer"i*form (#), a. [Adipocere + -form.] Having the form or appearance of adipocere; as, an adipoceriform tumor.

Adipocerous

Ad`i*poc"er*ous (#), a. Like adipocere.

Adipose

Ad"i*pose` (?; 277), a. [L. adeps, adipis, fat, grease.] Of or pertaining to animal fat; fatty. Adipose fin (Zo\'94l.), a soft boneless fin. -- Adipose tissue (Anat.), that form of animal tissue which forms or contains fat.

Adiposeness, Adiposity

Ad"i*pose`ness (#), Ad`i*pos"i*ty (#), n. The state of being fat; fatness.

Adipous

Ad"i*pous (#), a. Fatty; adipose. [R.]

Adipsous

A*dip"sous (#), a. [Gr. Quenching thirst, as certain fruits.

Adipsy

Ad"ip*sy (#), n. [Gr. (Med.) Absence of thirst.

Adit

Ad"it (#), n. [L. aditus, fr. adire, , to go to; ad + ire to go.]

1. An entrance or passage. Specifically: The nearly horizontal opening by which a mine is entered, or by which water and ores are carried away; -- called also drift and tunnel.

2. Admission; approach; access. [R.]

Yourself and yours shall have Free adit. Tennyson.

Adjacence, Adjacency

Ad"ja"cence (#), Ad*ja"cen*cy (#),[Cf. LL. adjacentia.]

1. The state of being adjacent or contiguous; contiguity; as, the adjacency of lands or buildings.

2. That which is adjacent.[R.] Sir T. Browne.

Adjacent

Ad*ja"cent (#), a. [L. adjacens, -centis, p. pr. of adjacere to lie near; ad + jac to lie: cf. F. adjacent.] Lying near, close, or contiguous; neighboring; bordering on; as, a field adjacent to the highway. "The adjacent forest." B. Jonson. Adjacent or contiguous angle. (Geom.) See Angle. Syn. -- Adjoining; contiguous; near. -- Adjacent, Adjoining, Contiguous. Things are adjacent when they lie close each other, not necessary in actual contact; as, adjacent fields, adjacent villages, etc.
I find that all Europe with her adjacent isles is peopled with Christians. Howell.
Things are adjoining when they meet at some line or point of junction; as, adjoining farms, an adjoining highway. What is spoken of as contiguous should touch with some extent of one side or the whole of it; as, a row of contiguous buildings; a wood contiguous to a plain.

Adjacent

Ad*ja"cent, n. That which is adjacent. [R.] Locke.

Adjacently

Ad*ja"cent*ly, adv. So as to be adjacent.

Adject

Ad*ject" (#), v. t. [L. adjectus, p. p. of adjicere to throw to, to add to; ad + ac to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.] To add or annex; to join. Leland.

Adjection

Ad*jec"tion (#), n. [L. adjectio, fr. adjicere: cf. F. adjection. See Adject.] The act or mode of adding; also, the thing added. [R.] B. Jonson.

Adjectional

Ad*jec"tion*al (#), a. Pertaining to adjection; that is, or may be, annexed. [R.] Earle.

Adjectitious

Ad`jec*ti"tious (#), [L. adjectitius.] Added; additional. Parkhurst.

Adjectival

Ad`jec*ti"val (#), a. Of or relating to the relating to the adjective; of the nature of an adjective; adjective. W. Taylor (1797)

Adjectivally

Ad`jec*ti"val*ly, adv. As, or in the manner of, an adjective; adjectively.

Adjective

Ad"jec*tive (#), a. [See Adjective, n.]

1. Added to a substantive as an attribute; of the nature of an adjunct; as, an word sentence.

2. Not standing by itself; dependent. Adjective color, a color which requires to be fixed by some mordant or base to give it permanency.

3. Relating to procedure. "The whole English law, substantive and adjective." Macaulay.

Adjective

Ad"jec*tive, n. [L. adjectivum (sc. nomen), neut. of adjectivus that is added, fr. adjicere: cf. F. adjectif. See Adject.]

1. (Gram.) A word used with a noun, or substantive, to express a quality of the thing named, or something attributed to it, or to limit or define it, or to specify or describe a thing, as distinct from something else. Thus, in phrase, "a wise ruler," wise is the adjective, expressing a property of ruler.

2. A dependent; an accessory. Fuller.

Adjective

Ad"jec*tive, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjectived (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjectiving (#).] To make an adjective of; to form or change into an adjective. [R.]
Language has as much occasion to adjective the distinct signification of the verb, and to adjective also the mood, as it has to adjective time. It has . . . adjectived all three. Tooke.

Adjectively

Ad"jec*tive*ly, adv. In the manner of an adjective; as, a word used adjectively.

Adjoin

Ad*join" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjoined (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjoining.] [OE. ajoinen, OF. ajoindre, F. adjoindre, fr. L. adjungere; ad + jungere to join. See Join, and cf. Adjunct.] To join or unite to; to lie contiguous to; to be in contact with; to attach; to append.
Corrections . . . should be, as remarks, adjoined by way of note. Watts.

Page 22

Adjoin

Ad*join" (#), v. i.

1. To lie or be next, or in contact; to be contiguous; as, the houses adjoin.

When one man's land adjoins to another's. Blackstone.
&hand; The construction with to, on, or with is obsolete or obsolescent.

2. To join one's self. [Obs.]

She lightly unto him adjoined side to side. Spenser.

Adjoinant

Ad*join"ant (#), a. Contiguous. [Obs.] Carew.

Adjoining

Ad*join"ing, a. Joining to; contiguous; adjacent; as, an adjoining room. "The adjoining fane." Dryden.
Upon the hills adjoining to the city. Shak.
Syn. -- Adjacent; contiguous; near; neighboring; abutting; bordering. See Adjacent.

Adjoint

Ad"joint (#), n. An adjunct; a helper. [Obs.]

Adjourn

Ad*journ (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjourned (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjourning (#).] [OE. ajornen, OF. ajoiner, ajurner, F. ajourner; OF. a (L. ad) + jor, jur, jorn, F. jour, day, fr. L. diurnus belonging to the day, fr. dies day. Cf. Journal, Journey.] To put off or defer to another day, or indefinitely; to postpone; to close or suspend for the day; -- commonly said of the meeting, or the action, of convened body; as, to adjourn the meeting; to adjourn a debate.
It is a common practice to adjourn the reformation of their lives to a further time. Barrow.
'Tis a needful fitness That we adjourn this court till further day. Shak.
Syn. -- To delay; defer; postpone; put off; suspend. -- To Adjourn, Prorogue, Dissolve. These words are used in respect to public bodies when they lay aside business and separate. Adjourn, both in Great Britain and this country, is applied to all cases in which such bodies separate for a brief period, with a view to meet again. Prorogue is applied in Great Britain to that act of the executive government, as the sovereign, which brings a session of Parliament to a close. The word is not used in this country, but a legislative body is said, in such a case, to adjourn sine die. To dissolve is to annul the corporate existence of a body. In order to exist again the body must be reconstituted.

Adjourn

Ad*journ", v. i.To suspend business for a time, as from one day to another, or for a longer period, or indefinitely; usually, to suspend public business, as of legislatures and courts, or other convened bodies; as, congress adjourned at four o'clock; the court adjourned without day.

Adjournal

Ad*journ"al (#), n. Adjournment; postponement. [R.] "An adjournal of the Diet." Sir W. Scott.

Adjournment

Ad*journ"ment (#), n. [Cf. f. adjournement, OF. ajornement. See Adjourn.]

1. The act of adjourning; the putting off till another day or time specified, or without day.

2. The time or interval during which a public body adjourns its sittings or postpones business.

Adjudge

Ad*judge" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjudged (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjudging (#).] [OE. ajugen, OF. ajugier, fr. L. adjudicare; ad + judicare to judge. See Judge, and cf. Adjudicate.]

1. To award judicially in the case of a controverted question; as, the prize was adjudged to the victor.

2. To determine in the exercise of judicial power; to decide or award judicially; to adjudicate; as, the case was adjudged in the November term.

3. To sentence; to condemn.

Without reprieve, adjudged to death For want of well pronouncing Shibboleth. Milton.

4. To regard or hold; to judge; to deem.

He adjudged him unworthy of his friendship. Knolles.
Syn. -- To decree; award; determine; adjudicate; ordain; assign.

Adjudger

Ad*judg"er (#), n. One who adjudges.

Adjudgment

Ad*judg"ment (#), n. The act of adjudging; judicial decision; adjudication. Sir W. Temple.

Adjudicate

Ad*ju"di*cate (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjudicated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjudicating (#)] [L. adjudicatus, p. p. of adjudicare. See Adjudge.] To adjudge; to try and determine, as a court; to settle by judicial decree.

Adjudicate

Ad*ju"di*cate, v. i. To come to a judicial decision; as, the court adjudicated upon the case.

Adjudication

Ad*ju`di*ca"tion (#), n. [L. adjudicatio: cf. F. adjudication.]

1. The act of adjudicating; the act or process of trying and determining judicially.

2. A deliberate determination by the judicial power; a judicial decision or sentence. "An adjudication in favor of natural rights." Burke.

3. (Bankruptcy practice) The decision upon the question whether the debtor is a bankrupt. Abbott.

4. (Scots Law) A process by which land is attached security or in satisfaction of a debt.

Adjudicative

Ad*ju"di*ca*tive (#), a. Adjudicating.

Adjudicator

Ad*ju"di*ca`tor (#), n. One who adjudicates.

Adjudicature

Ad*ju"di*ca*ture (#), n. Adjudication.

Adjugate

Ad"ju*gate (#), v. t. [L. adjugatus, p. p. of adjugare; ad + jugum a yoke.] To yoke to. [Obs.]

Adjument

Ad"ju*ment (#), n. [L. adjumentum, for adjuvamentum, fr. adjuvare to help; ad + juvare to help.] Help; support; also, a helper. [Obs.] Waterhouse.

Adjunct

Ad"junct` (#), a. [L. adjunctus, p. p. of adjungere. See Adjoin.] Conjoined; attending; consequent.
Though that my death were adjunct to my act. Shak.
Adjunct notes (Mus.), short notes between those essential to the harmony; auxiliary notes; passing notes.

Adjunct

Ad"junct`, n.

1. Something joined or added to another thing, but not essentially a part of it.

Learning is but an adjunct to our self. Shak.

2. A person joined to another in some duty or service; a colleague; an associate. Wotton.

3. (Gram.) A word or words added to quality or amplify the force of other words; as, the History of the American Revolution, where the words in italics are the adjunct or adjuncts of "History."

4. (Metaph.) A quality or property of the body or the mind, whether natural or acquired; as, color, in the body, judgment in the mind.

5. (Mus.) A key or scale closely related to another as principal; a relative or attendant key. [R.] See Attendant keys, under Attendant, a.

Adjunction

Ad*junc"tion (#), n. [L. adjunctio, fr. adjungere: cf. F. adjonction, and see Adjunct.] The act of joining; the thing joined or added.

Adjunctive

Ad*junc"tive (#), a. [L. adjunctivus, fr. adjungere. See Adjunct.] Joining; having the quality of joining; forming an adjunct.

Adjunctive

Ad*junc"tive, n. One who, or that which, is joined.

Adjunctively

Ad*junc"tive*ly, adv. In an adjunctive manner.

Adjunctly

Ad*junct"ly (#), adv. By way of addition or adjunct; in connection with.

Adjuration

Ad`ju*ra"tion (#), n. [L. adjuratio, fr. adjurare: cf. F. adjuration. See Adjure.]

1. The act of adjuring; a solemn charging on oath, or under the penalty of a curse; an earnest appeal.

What an accusation could not effect, an adjuration shall. Bp. Hall.

2. The form of oath or appeal.

Persons who . . . made use of prayer and adjurations. Addison.

Adjuratory

Ad*ju"ra*to*ry (#), a. [L. adjuratorius.] Containing an adjuration.

Adjure

Ad*jure" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjured (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjuring (#)]. [L. adjurare, adjurdium, to swear to; later, to adjure: cf. F. adjurer. See Jury.] To charge, bind, or command, solemnly, as if under oath, or under the penalty of a curse; to appeal to in the most solemn or impressive manner; to entreat earnestly.
Joshua adjured them at that time, saying, Cursed be the man before the Lord, that riseth up and buildeth this city Jericho. Josh. vi. 26.
The high priest . . . said . . . I adjure thee by the living God, that thou tell us whether thou be the Christ. Matt. xxvi. 63.
The commissioners adjured them not to let pass so favorable an opportunity of securing their liberties. Marshall.

Adjurer

Ad*jur"er (#), n. One who adjures.

Adjust

Ad*just" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Adjusting.] [OF. ajuster, ajoster (whence F. ajouter to add), LL. adjuxtare to fit; fr. L. ad + juxta near; confused later with L. ad and justus just, right, whence F. ajuster to adjust. See Just, v. t. and cf. Adjute.]

1. To make exact; to fit; to make correspondent or conformable; to bring into proper relations; as, to adjust a garment to the body, or things to a standard.

2. To put in order; to regulate, or reduce to system.

Adjusting the orthography. Johnson.

3. To settle or bring to a satisfactory state, so that parties are agreed in the result; as, to adjust accounts; the differences are adjusted.

4. To bring to a true relative position, as the parts of an instrument; to regulate for use; as, to adjust a telescope or microscope. Syn. -- To adapt; suit; arrange; regulate; accommodate; set right; rectify; settle.

Adjustable

Ad*just"a*ble (#), a. Capable of being adjusted.

Adjustage

Ad*just"age (#), n. [Cf. Ajutage.] Adjustment. [R.]

Adjuster

Ad*just"er (#), n. One who, or that which, adjusts.

Adjustive

Ad*just"ive (#), a. Tending to adjust. [R.]

Adjustment

Ad*just"ment (#), n. [Cf. F. ajustement. See Adjust.]

1. The act of adjusting, or condition of being adjusted; act of bringing into proper relations; regulation.

Success depends on the nicest and minutest adjustment of the parts concerned. Paley.

2. (Law) Settlement of claims; an equitable arrangement of conflicting claims, as in set-off, contribution, exoneration, subrogation, and marshaling. Bispham.

3. The operation of bringing all the parts of an instrument, as a microscope or telescope, into their proper relative position for use; the condition of being thus adjusted; as, to get a good adjustment; to be in or out of adjustment. Syn. -- Suiting; fitting; arrangement; regulation; settlement; adaptation; disposition.

Adjutage

Ad"ju*tage (#), n. Same as Ajutage.

Adjutancy

Ad"ju*tan*cy (#), n. [See Adjutant.]

1. The office of an adjutant.

2. Skillful arrangement in aid; assistance.

It was, no doubt, disposed with all the adjutancy of definition and division. Burke.

Adjutant

Ad"ju*tant (#), n. [L. adjutans, p. pr. of adjutare to help. See Aid.]

1. A helper; an assistant.

2. (Mil.) A regimental staff officer, who assists the colonel, or commanding officer of a garrison or regiment, in the details of regimental and garrison duty. Adjutant general (a) (Mil.), the principal staff officer of an army, through whom the commanding general receives communications and issues military orders. In the U. S. army he is brigadier general. (b) (Among the Jesuits), one of a select number of fathers, who resided with the general of the order, each of whom had a province or country assigned to his care.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A species of very large stork (Ciconia argala), a native of India; -- called also the gigantic crane, and by the native name argala. It is noted for its serpent-destroying habits.

Adjutator

Ad"ju*ta`tor (#), n. (Eng. Hist.) A corruption of Agitator.

Adjute

Ad*jute" (#), v. t. [F. ajouter; confused with L. adjutare.] To add. [Obs.]

Adjutor

Ad*ju"tor (#), n. [L., fr. adjuvare. See Aid.] A helper or assistant. [Archaic] Drayton.

Adjutory

Ad*ju"to*ry (#), a. [L. adjutorius.] Serving to help or assist; helping. [Obs.]

Adjutrix

Ad*ju"trix (#), n. [L. See Adjutor.] A female helper or assistant. [R.]

Adjuvant

Ad"ju*vant (#), a. [L. adjuvans, p. pr. of adjuvare to aid: cf. F. adjuvant. See Aid.] Helping; helpful; assisting. [R.] "Adjuvant causes." Howell.

Adjuvant

Ad"ju*vant, n.

1. An assistant. [R.] Yelverton.

2. (Med.) An ingredient, in a prescription, which aids or modifies the action of the principal ingredient.

Adlegation

Ad`le*ga"tion (#), n. [L. adlegatio, allegatio, a sending away; fr. adlegare, allegare, to send away with a commission; ad in addition + legare to send as ambassador. Cf. Allegation.] A right formerly claimed by the states of the German Empire of joining their own ministers with those of the emperor in public treaties and negotiations to the common interest of the empire. Encyc. Brit.

Ad libitum

Ad lib"i*tum (#). At one's pleasure; as one wishes.

Adlocution

Ad`lo*cu"tion (#), n. See Allocution. [Obs.]

Admarginate

Ad*mar"gin*ate (#), v. t. [Pref. ad- + margin.] To write in the margin. [R.] Coleridge.

Admaxillary

Ad*max"il*la*ry (#), a. [Pref. ad- + maxillary.] (Anat.) Near to the maxilla or jawbone.

Admeasure

Ad*meas"ure (?; 135), v. t. [Cf. OF. amesurer, LL. admensurare. See Measure.]

1. To measure.

2. (Law) To determine the proper share of, or the proper apportionment; as, to admeasure dower; to admeasure common of pasture. Blackstone.

2. The measure of a thing; dimensions; size.

3. (Law) Formerly, the adjustment of proportion, or ascertainment of shares, as of dower or pasture held in common. This was by writ of admeasurement, directed to the sheriff.

Admeasurer

Ad*meas"ur*er (#), n. One who admeasures.

Admensuration

Ad*men`su*ra"tion (#), n. [LL. admensuratio; L. ad + mensurare to measure. See Mensuration.] Same as Admeasurement.

Adminicle

Ad*min"i*cle (#), n. [L. adminculum support, orig., that on which the hand rests; ad + manus hand + dim. ending -culym.]

1. Help or support; an auxiliary. Grote.

2. (Law) Corroborative or explanatory proof. In Scots law, any writing tending to establish the existence or terms of a lost deed. Bell.

Adminicular

Ad`mi*nic"u*lar (#), a. Supplying help; auxiliary; corroborative; explanatory; as, adminicular evidence. H. Spencer.

Adminiculary

Ad`mi*nic"u*la*ry (#), a. Adminicular.

Administer

Ad*min"is*ter (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Administered (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Administering.] [OE. aministren, OF. aministrer, F. administer, fr. L. administrare; ad + ministrare to serve. See Minister.]

1. To manage or conduct, as public affairs; to direct or superintend the execution, application, or conduct of; as, to administer the government or the state.

For forms of government let fools contest: Whate'er is best administered is best. Pope.

2. To dispense; to serve out; to supply; execute; as, to administer relief, to administer the sacrament.

[Let zephyrs] administer their tepid, genial airs. Philips.
Justice was administered with an exactness and purity not before known. Macaulay.

3. To apply, as medicine or a remedy; to give, as a dose or something beneficial or suitable. Extended to a blow, a reproof, etc.

A noxious drug had been administered to him. Macaulay.

4. To tender, as an oath.

Swear . . . to keep the oath that we administer. Shak.

5. (Law) To settle, as the estate of one who dies without a will, or whose will fails of an executor. Syn. -- To manage; conduct; minister; supply; dispense; give out; distribute; furnish.

Administer

Ad*min"is*ter, v. i.

1. To contribute; to bring aid or supplies; to conduce; to minister.

A fountain . . . administers to the pleasure as well as the plenty of the place. Spectator.

2. (Law) To perform the office of administrator; to act officially; as, A administers upon the estate of B.

Administer

Ad*min"is*ter, n. Administrator. [Obs.] Bacon.

Administerial

Ad*min`is*te"ri*al (#), a. Pertaining to administration, or to the executive part of government.

Administrable

Ad*min"is*tra*ble (#), a. Capable of being administered; as, an administrable law.

Administrant

Ad*min"is*trant (#), a. [F., p. pr. of administrer. See Administer.] Executive; acting; managing affairs. -- n. One who administers.

Administrate

Ad*min"is*trate (#), v. t. [L. administratus, p. p. of administrare.] To administer. [R.] Milman.

Administration

Ad*min`is*tra"tion (?; 277), n. [OE. administracioun, L. administratio: cf. F. administration.]

1. The act of administering; government of public affairs; the service rendered, or duties assumed, in conducting affairs; the conducting of any office or employment; direction; management.

His financial administration was of a piece with his military administration. Macaulay.

2. The executive part of government; the persons collectively who are intrusted with the execution of laws and the superintendence of public affairs; the chief magistrate and his cabinet or council; or the council, or ministry, alone, as in Great Britain.

A mild and popular administration. Macaulay.
The administration has been opposed in parliament. Johnson.

3. The act of administering, or tendering something to another; dispensation; as, the administration of a medicine, of an oath, of justice, or of the sacrament.


Page 23

4. (Law) (a) The management and disposal, under legal authority, of the estate of an intestate, or of a testator having no competent executor. (b) The management of an estate of a deceased person by an executor, the strictly corresponding term execution not being in use. Administration with the will annexed, administration granted where the testator has appointed no executor, or where his appointment of an executor for any cause has failed, as by death, incompetency, refusal to act, etc. Syn. -- Conduct; management; direction; regulation; execution; dispensation; distribution.

Administrative

Ad*min"is*tra`tive (#), a. [L. administrativus: cf. F. administratif.] Pertaining to administration; administering; executive; as, an administrative body, ability, or energy. -- Ad*min"is*tra`tive*ly, adv.

Administrator

Ad*min`is*tra"tor (#), n. [L.]

1. One who administers affairs; one who directs, manages, executes, or dispenses, whether in civil, judicial, political, or ecclesiastical affairs; a manager.

2. (Law) A man who manages or settles the estate of an intestate, or of a testator when there is no competent executor; one to whom the right of administration has been committed by competent authority.

Administratorship

Ad*min`is*tra"tor*ship, n. The position or office of an administrator.

Administratrix

Ad*min`is*tra"trix (#), n. [NL.] A woman who administers; esp., one who administers the estate of an intestate, or to whom letters of administration have been granted; a female administrator.

Admirability

Ad`mi*ra*bil"i*ty (#), n. [L. admirabilitac.] Admirableness. [R.] Johnson.

Admirable

Ad"mi*ra*ble (#), a. [L. admirabilis: cf. F. admirable.]

1. Fitted to excite wonder; wonderful; marvelous. [Obs.]

In man there is nothing admirable but his ignorance and weakness. Jer. Taylor.

2. Having qualities to excite wonder united with approbation; deserving the highest praise; most excellent; -- used of persons or things. "An admirable machine." "Admirable fortitude." Macaulay. Syn. -- Wonderful; marvelous; surprising; excellent; delightful; praiseworthy.

Admirableness

Ad"mi*ra*ble*ness, n. The quality of being admirable; wonderful excellence.

Admirably

Ad"mi*ra*bly, adv. In an admirable manner.

Admiral

Ad"mi*ral (#), n. [OE. amiral, admiral, OF. amiral, ultimately fr. Ar. am\'c6r-al-bahr commander of the sea; Ar. am\'c6r is commander, al is the Ar. article, and am\'c6r-al, heard in different titles, was taken as one word. Early forms of the word show confusion with L. admirabilis admirable, fr. admirari to admire. It is said to have been introduced into Europe by the Genoese or Venetians, in the 12th or 13th century. Cf. Ameer, Emir.]

1. A naval officer of the highest rank; a naval officer of high rank, of which there are different grades. The chief gradations in rank are admiral, vice admiral, and rear admiral. The admiral is the commander in chief of a fleet or of fleets.

2. The ship which carries the admiral; also, the most considerable ship of a fleet.

Like some mighty admiral, dark and terrible, bearing down upon his antagonist with all his canvas straining to the wind, and all his thunders roaring from his broadsides. E. Everett.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A handsome butterfly (Pyrameis Atalanta) of Europe and America. The larva feeds on nettles. Admiral shell (Zo\'94l.), the popular name of an ornamental cone shell (Conus admiralis). Lord High Admiral, a great officer of state, who (when this rare dignity is conferred) is at the head of the naval administration of Great Britain.

Admiralship

Ad"mi*ral*ship, n. The office or position oaf an admiral; also, the naval skill of an admiral.

Admiralty

Ad"mi*ral*ty (#), n.; pl. Admiralties (#). [F. amiraut\'82, for an older amiralt\'82, office of admiral, fr. LL. admiralitas. See Admiral.]

1. The office or jurisdiction of an admiral. Prescott.

2. The department or officers having authority over naval affairs generally.

3. The court which has jurisdiction of maritime questions and offenses. &hand; In England, admiralty jurisdiction was formerly vested in the High Court of Admiralty, which was held before the Lord High Admiral, or his deputy, styled the Judge of the Admiralty; but admiralty jurisdiction is now vested in the probate, divorce, and admiralty division of the High Justice. In America, there are no admiralty courts distinct from others, but admiralty jurisdiction is vested in the district courts of the United States, subject to revision by the circuit courts and the Supreme Court of the United States. Admiralty jurisprudence has cognizance of maritime contracts and torts, collisions at sea, cases of prize in war, etc., and in America, admiralty jurisdiction is extended to such matters, arising out of the navigation of any of the public waters, as the Great Lakes and rivers.

4. The system of jurisprudence of admiralty courts.

5. The building in which the lords of the admiralty, in England, transact business.

Admirance

Ad*mir"ance (#), n. [Cf. OF. admirance.] Admiration. [Obs.] Spenser.

Admiration

Ad`mi*ra"tion (#), n. [F., fr. L. admiratio. See Admire.]

1. Wonder; astonishment. [Obs.]

Season your admiration for a while. Shak.

2. Wonder mingled with approbation or delight; an emotion excited by a person or thing possessed of wonderful or high excellence; as, admiration of a beautiful woman, of a landscape, of virtue.

3. Cause of admiration; something to excite wonder, or pleased surprise; a prodigy.

Now, good Lafeu, bring in the admiration. Shak.
Note of admiration, the mark (!), called also exclamation point. Syn. -- Wonder; approval; appreciation; adoration; reverence; worship.

Admirative

Ad*mir"a*tive (#), a. Relating to or expressing admiration or wonder. [R.] Earle.

Admire

Ad*mire" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Admired (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Admiring (#).] [F. admirer, fr. L. admirari; ad + mirari to wonder, for smirari, akin to Gr. smi, and E. smile.]

1. To regard with wonder or astonishment; to view with surprise; to marvel at. [Archaic]

Examples rather to be admired than imitated. Fuller.

2. To regard with wonder and delight; to look upon with an elevated feeling of pleasure, as something which calls out approbation, esteem, love, or reverence; to estimate or prize highly; as, to admire a person of high moral worth, to admire a landscape.

Admired as heroes and as gods obeyed. Pope.
&hand; Admire followed by the infinitive is obsolete or colloquial; as, I admire to see a man consistent in his conduct. Syn. -- To esteem; approve; delight in.

Admire

Ad*mire", v. i.To wonder; to marvel; to be affected with surprise; -- sometimes with at.
To wonder at Pharaoh, and even admire at myself. Fuller.

Admired

Ad*mired" (#), a.

1. Regarded with wonder and delight; highly prized; as, an admired poem.

2. Wonderful; also, admirable. [Obs.] "Admired disorder." " Admired Miranda." Shak.

Admirer

Ad*mir"er (#), n. One who admires; one who esteems or loves greatly. Cowper.

Admiring

Ad*mir"ing, a. Expressing admiration; as, an admiring glance. -- Ad*mir"ing*ly, adv. Shak.

Admissibility

Ad*mis`si*bil"i*ty (#), n. [Cf. F. admissibilit\'82.] The quality of being admissible; admissibleness; as, the admissibility of evidence.

Admissible

Ad*mis"si*ble (#), a. [F. admissible, LL. admissibilis. See Admit.] Entitled to be admitted, or worthy of being admitted; that may be allowed or conceded; allowable; as, the supposition is hardly admissible. -- Ad*mis"si*ble*ness, n. -- Ad*mis"si*bly, adv.

Admission

Ad*mis"sion (#), n. [L. admissio: cf. F. admission. See Admit.]

1. The act or practice of admitting.

2. Power or permission to enter; admittance; entrance; access; power to approach.

What numbers groan for sad admission there! Young.

3. The granting of an argument or position not fully proved; the act of acknowledging something

The too easy admission of doctrines. Macaulay.

4. (Law) Acquiescence or concurrence in a statement made by another, and distinguishable from a confession in that an admission presupposes prior inquiry by another, but a confession may be made without such inquiry.

5. A fact, point, or statement admitted; as, admission made out of court are received in evidence.

6. (Eng. Eccl. Law) Declaration of the bishop that he approves of the presentee as a fit person to serve the cure of the church to which he is presented. Shipley. Syn. -- Admittance; concession; acknowledgment; concurrence; allowance. See Admittance.

Admissive

Ad*mis"sive (#), a.Implying an admission; tending to admit. [R.] Lamb.

Admissory

Ad*mis"so*ry (#), a. Pertaining to admission.

Admit

Ad*mit" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Admitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Admitting.] [OE. amitten, L. admittere, admissum; ad + mittere to send: cf. F. admettre, OF. admettre, OF. ametre. See Missile.]

1. To suffer to enter; to grant entrance, whether into a place, or into the mind, or consideration; to receive; to take; as, they were into his house; to admit a serious thought into the mind; to admit evidence in the trial of a cause.

2. To give a right of entrance; as, a ticket one into a playhouse.

3. To allow (one) to enter on an office or to enjoy a privilege; to recognize as qualified for a franchise; as, to admit an attorney to practice law; the prisoner was admitted to bail.

4. To concede as true; to acknowledge or assent to, as an allegation which it is impossible to deny; to own or confess; as, the argument or fact is admitted; he admitted his guilt.

5. To be capable of; to permit; as, the words do not admit such a construction. In this sense, of may be used after the verb, or may be omitted.

Both Houses declared that they could admit of no treaty with the king. Hume.

Admittable

Ad*mit"ta*ble (#), a. Admissible. Sir T. Browne.

Admittance

Ad*mit"tance (#), n.

1. The act of admitting.

2. Permission to enter; the power or right of entrance; also, actual entrance; reception.

To gain admittance into the house. South.
He desires admittance to the king. Dryden.
To give admittance to a thought of fear. Shak.

3. Concession; admission; allowance; as, the admittance of an argument. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

4. Admissibility. [Obs.] Shak.

5. (Eng. Law) The act of giving possession of a copyhold estate. Bouvier. Syn. -- Admission; access; entrance; initiation. -- Admittance, Admission. These words are, to some extent, in a state of transition and change. Admittance is now chiefly confined to its primary sense of access into some locality or building. Thus we see on the doors of factories, shops, etc. "No admittance." Its secondary or moral sense, as "admittance to the church," is almost entirely laid aside. Admission has taken to itself the secondary or figurative senses; as, admission to the rights of citizenship; admission to the church; the admissions made by one of the parties in a dispute. And even when used in its primary sense, it is not identical with admittance. Thus, we speak of admission into a country, territory, and other larger localities, etc., where admittance could not be used. So, when we speak of admission to a concert or other public assembly, the meaning is not perhaps exactly that of admittance, viz., access within the walls of the building, but rather a reception into the audience, or access to the performances. But the lines of distinction on this subject are one definitely drawn.

Admittatur

Ad`mit*ta"tur (#), n. [L., let him be admitted.] The certificate of admission given in some American colleges.

Admitted, a. Received as true or valid; acknowledged. -- Admittedly

Ad*mit"ted (#), a. Received as true or valid; acknowledged. -- Ad*mit"ted*ly adv. Confessedly.

Admitter

Ad*mit"ter (#), n. One who admits.

Admix

Ad*mix" (#), v. t. [Pref. ad- + mix: cf. L. admixtus, p. p. of admiscere. See Mix.] To mingle with something else; to mix. [R.]

Admixtion

Ad*mix"tion (?; 106), n. [L. admixtio.] A mingling of different things; admixture. Glanvill.

Admixture

Ad*mix"ture (?; 135), n. [L. admiscere, admixtum, to admix; ad + miscere to mix. See Mix.]

1. The act of mixing; mixture.

2. The compound formed by mixing different substances together.

3. That which is mixed with anything.

Admonish

Ad*mon"ish (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Admonished (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Admonishing.] [OE. amonesten, OF. amonester, F. admonester, fr. a supposed LL. admonesstrare, fr. L. admonere to remind, warn; ad + monere to warn. See Monition.]

1. To warn or notify of a fault; to reprove gently or kindly, but seriously; to exhort. "Admonish him as a brother." 2 Thess. iii. 15.

2. To counsel against wrong practices; to cation or advise; to warn against danger or an offense; -- followed by of, against, or a subordinate clause.

Admonishing one another in psalms and hymns. Col. iii. 16.
I warned thee, I admonished thee, foretold The danger, and the lurking enemy. Milton.

3. To instruct or direct; to inform; to notify.

Moses was admonished of God, when he was about to make the tabernacle. Heb. viii. 5.

Admonisher

Ad*mon"ish*er (#), n. One who admonishes.

Admonishment

Ad*mon"ish*ment (#), n. [Cf. OF. amonestement, admonestement.] Admonition. [R.] Shak.

Admonition

Ad`mo*ni"tion (#), n. [OE. amonicioun, OF. amonition, F. admonition, fr. L. admonitio, fr. admonere. See Admonish.] Gentle or friendly reproof; counseling against a fault or error; expression of authoritative advice; friendly caution or warning. Syn. -- Admonition, Reprehension, Reproof. Admonition is prospective, and relates to moral delinquencies; its object is to prevent further transgression. Reprehension and reproof are retrospective, the former being milder than the latter. A person of any age or station may be liable to reprehension in case of wrong conduct; but reproof is the act of a superior. It is authoritative fault-finding or censure addressed to children or to inferiors.

Admonitioner

Ad`mo*ni"tion*er (#), n. Admonisher. [Obs.]

Admonitive

Ad*mon"i*tive (#), a. Admonitory. [R.] Barrow. -- Ad*mon"i*tive*ly, adv.

Admonitor

Ad*mon"i*tor (#), n. [L.] Admonisher; monitor.
Conscience is at most times a very faithful and prudent admonitor. Shenstone.

Admonitorial

Ad*mon`i*to"ri*al (#), a. Admonitory. [R.] "An admonitorial tone." Dickens.

Admonitory

Ad*mon"i*to*ry (#), a. [LL. admonitorius.] That conveys admonition; warning or reproving; as, an admonitory glance. -- Ad*mon"i*to*ri*ly, (#), adv.

Admonitrix

Ad*mon"i*trix (#), n. [L.] A female admonitor.

Admortization

Ad*mor`ti*za"tion (#), n. [LL. admortizatio. Cf. Amortization.] (Law) The reducing or lands or tenements to mortmain. See Mortmain.

Admove

Ad*move" (#), v. t. [L. admovere. See Move.] To move or conduct to or toward. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Adnascent

Ad*nas"cent (#), a. [L. adnascens, p. pr. of adnasci to be born, grow.] Growing to or on something else. "An adnascent plant." Evelyn.

Adnate

Ad"nate (#), a. [L. adnatus, p. p. of adnasci. See Adnascent, and cf. Agnate.]

1. (Physiol.) Grown to congenitally.

2. (Bot.) Growing together; -- said only of organic cohesion of unlike parts.

An anther is adnate when fixed by its whole length to the filament. Gray.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Growing with one side adherent to a stem; -- a term applied to the lateral zooids of corals and other compound animals.

Adnation

Ad*na"tion (#), n. (Bot.) The adhesion or cohesion of different floral verticils or sets of organs.

Adnominal

Ad*nom"i*nal (#), a. [L. ad + nomen noun.] (Gram.) Pertaining to an adnoun; adjectival; attached to a noun. Gibbs. -- Ad*nom"i*nal*ly, adv.

Adnoun

Ad"noun` (#), n. [Pref. ad- + noun.] (Gram.) An adjective, or attribute. [R.] Coleridge.

Adnubilated

Ad*nu"bi*la`ted (#), a. [L. adnubilatus, p. p. of adnubilare.] Clouded; obscured. [R.]

Ado

A*do" (#), (1) v. inf., (2) n. [OE. at do, northern form for to do. Cf. Affair.]

1. To do; in doing; as, there is nothing. "What is here ado?" J. Newton.

2. Doing; trouble; difficulty; troublesome business; fuss; bustle; as, to make a great ado about trifles.

With much ado, he partly kept awake. Dryden.
Let's follow to see the end of this ado. Shak.

Adobe

A*do"be (#), n. [Sp.] An unburnt brick dried in the sun; also used as an adjective, as, an adobe house, in Texas or New Mexico.

Adolescence

Ad`o*les"cence (#), n. [Fr., fr. L. adolescentia.] The state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; youth, or the period of life between puberty and maturity, generally considered to be, in the male sex, from fourteen to twenty-one. Sometimes used with reference to the lower animals.

Adolescency

Ad`o*les"cen*cy (#), n. The quality of being adolescent; youthfulness.
Page 24

Adolescent

Ad`o*les"cent (#), a. [L. adolescens, p. pr. of adolescere to grow up to; ad + the inchoative olescere to grow: cf. F. adolescent. See Adult.] Growing; advancing from childhood to maturity.
Schools, unless discipline were doubly strong, Detain their adolescent charge too long. Cowper.

Adolescent

Ad`o*les"cent, n. A youth.

Adonean

Ad`o*ne"an (#), a. [L. Adon.] Pertaining to Adonis; Adonic. "Fair Adonean Venus." Faber.

Adonic

A*don"ic (#), a. [F. adonique: cf. L. Adonius.] Relating to Adonis, famed for his beauty. -- n. An Adonic verse. Adonic verse, a verse consisting of a dactyl and spondee (#).

Adonis

A*do"nis (#), n. [L., gr. Gr.

1. (Gr. Myth.) A youth beloved by Venus for his beauty. He was killed in the chase by a wild boar.

2. A pre\'89minently beautiful young man; a dandy.

3. (Bot.) A genus of plants of the family Ranunculace\'91, containing the pheasaut's eye (Adonis autumnalis); -- named from Adonis, whose blood was fabled to have stained the flower.

Adonist

A*do"nist (#), n. [Heb. my Lords.] One who maintains that points of the Hebrew word translated "Jehovah" are really the vowel points of the word "Adonai." See Jehovist.

Adonize

Ad"o*nize (#), v. t. [Cf. F. adoniser, fr. Adonis.] To beautify; to dandify.
I employed three good hours at least in adjusting and adonozing myself. Smollett.

Adoor, Adoors

A*door (#), A*doors (#),At the door; of the door; as, out adoors. Shak.
I took him in adoors. Vicar's Virgil (1630).

Adopt

A*dopt" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adopted; p. pr. & vb. n. Adopting.] [L. adoptare; ad + optare to choose, desire: cf. F. adopter. See Option.]

1. To take by choice into relationship, as, child, heir, friend, citizen, etc. ; esp. to take voluntarily (a child of other parents) to be in the place of, or as, one's own child.

2. To take or receive as one's own what is not so naturally; to select and take or approve; as, to adopt the view or policy of another; these resolutions were adopted.

Adoptable

A*dopt"a*ble (#), a. Capable of being adopted.

Adopted

A*dopt"ed (#), a. Taken by adoption; taken up as one's own; as, an adopted son, citizen, country, word. -- A*dopt"ed*ly, adv.

Adopter

A*dopt"er (#), n.

1. One who adopts.

2. (Chem.) A receiver, with two necks, opposite to each other, one of which admits the neck of a retort, and the other is joined to another receiver. It is used in distillations, to give more space to elastic vapors, to increase the length of the neck of a retort, or to unite two vessels whose openings have different diameters. [Written also adapter.]

Adoption

A*dop"tion (#), n. [L. adoptio, allied to adoptare to adopt: cf. F. adoption.]

1. The act of adopting, or state of being adopted; voluntary acceptance of a child of other parents to be the same as one's own child.

2. Admission to a more intimate relation; reception; as, the adoption of persons into hospitals or monasteries, or of one society into another.

3. The choosing and making that to be one's own which originally was not so; acceptance; as, the adoption of opinions. Jer. Taylor.

Adoptionist

A*dop"tion*ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect which maintained that Christ was the Son of God not by nature but by adoption.

Adoptious

A*dop"tious (#), a. Adopted. [Obs.]

Adoptive

A*dopt"ive (#), a. [L. adoptivus: cf. F. adoptif.] Pertaining to adoption; made or acquired by adoption; fitted to adopt; as, an adoptive father, an child; an adoptive language. -- A*dopt"ive*ly, adv.

Adorability

A*dor`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. Adorableness.

Adorable

A*dor"a*ble (#), a. [L. adorabilis, fr. adorare: cf. F. adorable.]

1. Deserving to be adored; worthy of divine honors.

The adorable Author of Christianity. Cheyne.

2. Worthy of the utmost love or respect.

Adorableness

A*dor"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being adorable, or worthy of adoration. Johnson.

Adorably

A*dor"a*bly, adv. In an adorable manner.

Adoration

Ad`o*ra"tion (#), n. [L. adoratio, fr. adorare: cf. F. adoration.]

1. The act of playing honor to a divine being; the worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god.

The more immediate objects of popular adoration amongst the heathens were deified human beings. Farmer.

2. Homage paid to one in high esteem; profound veneration; intense regard and love; fervent devotion.

3. A method of electing a pope by the expression of homage from two thirds of the conclave.

[Pole] might have been chosen on the spot by adoration. Froude.

Adore

A*dore" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adored (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adoring (#).] [OE. aouren, anouren, adoren, OF. aorer, adorer, F. adorer, fr. L. adorare; ad + orare to speak, pray, os, oris, mouth. In OE. confused with honor, the French prefix a- being confused with OE. a, an, on. See Oral.]

1. To worship with profound reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as divine.

Bishops and priests, . . . bearing the host, which he [James adored. Smollett.

2. To love in the highest degree; to regard with the utmost esteem and affection; to idolize.

The great mass of the population abhorred Popery and adored Montouth. Macaulay.

Adore

A*dore", v. t. To adorn. [Obs.]
Congealed little drops which do the morn adore. Spenser.

Adorement

A*dore"ment (#), n. The act of adoring; adoration. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Adorer

A*dor"er (#), n. One who adores; a worshiper; one who admires or loves greatly; an ardent admirer. "An adorer of truth." Clarendon.
I profess myself her adorer, not her friend. Shak.

Adoringly

A*dor"ing*ly, adv. With adoration.

Adorn

A*dorn" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adorned (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adorning.] [OE. aournen, anournen, adornen, OF. aorner, fr. L. aaornare; ad + ornare to furnish, embellish. See Adore, Ornate.] To deck or dress with ornaments; to embellish; to set off to advantage; to render pleasing or attractive.
As a bride adorneth herself with her jewels. Isa. lxi. 10.
At church, with meek and unaffected grace, His looks adorned the venerable place. Goldsmith.
Syn. -- To deck; decorate; embellish; ornament; beautify; grace; dignify; exalt; honor. -- To Adorn, Ornament, Decorate, Embellish. We decorate and ornament by putting on some adjunct which is attractive or beautiful, and which serves to heighten the general effect. Thus, a lady's head-dress may be ornament or decorated with flowers or jewelry; a hall may be decorated or ornament with carving or gilding, with wreaths of flowers, or with hangings. Ornament is used in a wider sense than decorate. To embellish is to beautify or ornament richly, not so much by mere additions or details as by modifying the thing itself as a whole. It sometimes means gaudy and artificial decoration. We embellish a book with rich engravings; a style is embellished with rich and beautiful imagery; a shopkeeper embellishes his front window to attract attention. Adorn is sometimes identical with decorate, as when we say, a lady was adorned with jewels. In other cases, it seems to imply something more. Thus, we speak of a gallery of paintings as adorned with the works of some of the great masters, or adorned with noble statuary and columns. Here decorated and ornamented would hardly be appropriate. There is a value in these works of genius beyond mere show and ornament. Adorn may be used of what is purely moral; as, a character adorned with every Christian grace. Here neither decorate, nor ornament, nor embellish is proper.

Adorn

A*dorn", n. Adornment. [Obs.] Spenser.

Adorn

A*dorn", a. Adorned; decorated. [Obs.] Milton.

Adornation

Ad`or*na"tion (#), n. Adornment. [Obs.]

Adorner

A*dorn"er (#), n. He who, or that which, adorns; a beautifier.

Adorningly

A*dorn"ing*ly, adv. By adorning; decoratively.

Adornment

A*dorn"ment (#), n. [Cf. OF. adornement. See Adorn.] An adorning; an ornament; a decoration.

Adosculation

Ad*os"cu*la"tion (#), n. [L. adosculari, adosculatum, to kiss. See Osculate.] (Biol.) Impregnation by external contact, without intromission.

Adown

A*down" (#), adv. [OE. adun, adoun, adune. AS. of d\'d4ne off the hill. See Down.] From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on the ground. [Archaic] "Thrice did she sink adown." Spenser.

Adown

A*down", prep. Down. [Archaic & Poetic]
Her hair adown her shoulders loosely lay displayed. Prior.

Adpress

Ad*press" (#), v. t. [L. adpressus, p. p. of adprimere.] See Appressed. -- Ad*pressed", (#), a.

Adrad

A*drad" (#), p. a. [P. p. of adread.] Put in dread; afraid. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Adragant

Ad"ra*gant (#), n. [F., a corruption of tragacanth.] Gum tragacanth. Brande & C.

Adread

A*dread" (#), v. t. & i. [AS. andr\'91dan, ondr\'91; pref. a- (for and against) + dr\'91den to dread. See Dread.] To dread. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Adreamed

A*dreamed" (#), p. p. Visited by a dream; -- used in the phrase, To be adreamed, to dream. [Obs.]

Adrenal

Ad*re"nal (#), a. [Pref. ad- + renal.] (Anat.) Suprarenal.

Adrian

A"dri*an (#), a. [L. Hadrianus.] Pertaining to the Adriatic Sea; as, Adrian billows.

Adriatic

A`dri*at"ic (#), a. [L. Adriaticus, Hadriaticus, fr. Adria or Hadria, a town of the Veneti.] Of or pertaining to a sea so named, the northwestern part of which is known as the Gulf of Venice.

Adrift

A*drift" (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- (for on) + drift.] Floating at random; in a drifting condition; at the mercy of wind and waves. Also fig.
So on the sea shall be set adrift. Dryden.
Were from their daily labor turned adrift. Wordsworth.

Adrip

A*drip" (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- in + drip.] In a dripping state; as, leaves all adrip. D. G. Mitchell.

Adrogate

Ad"ro*gate (#), v. t. [See Arrogate.] (Rom. Law) To adopt (a person who is his own master).

Adrogation

Ad`ro*ga"tion (#), n. [L. adrogatio, arrogatio, fr. adrogare. See Arrogate.] (Rom. Law) A kind of adoption in ancient Rome. See Arrogation.

Adroit

A*droit" (#), a. [F. adroit; \'85 (L. ad) = droit straight, right, fr. L. directus, p. p. of dirigere. See Direct.] Dexterous in the use of the hands or in the exercise of the mental faculties; exhibiting skill and readiness in avoiding danger or escaping difficulty; ready in invention or execution; -- applied to persons and to acts; as, an adroit mechanic, an adroit reply. "Adroit in the application of the telescope and quadrant." Horsley. "He was adroit in intrigue." Macaulay. Syn. -- Dexterous; skillful; expert; ready; clever; deft; ingenious; cunning; ready-witted.

Adroitly

A*droit"ly, adv. In an adroit manner.

Adroitness

A*droit"ness, n. The quality of being adroit; skill and readiness; dexterity.
Adroitness was as requisite as courage. Motley.
Syn. -- See Skill.

Adry

A*dry" (#), a. [Pref. a- (for on) + dry.] In a dry or thirsty condition. "A man that is adry." Burton.

Adscititious

Ad`sci*ti"tious (#), a. [L. adscitus, p. p. of adsciscere, asciscere, to take knowingly; ad + sciscere to seek to know, approve, scire to know.] Supplemental; additional; adventitious; ascititious. "Adscititious evidence." Bowring. -- Ad`sci*ti"tious*ly, adv.

Adscript

Ad"script (#), a. [L. adscriptus, p. p. of adscribere to enroll. See Ascribe.] Held to service as attached to the soil; -- said of feudal serfs.

Adscript

Ad"script (#), n. One held to service as attached to the glebe or estate; a feudal serf. Bancroft.

Adscriptive

Ad*scrip"tive (#), a.[L. adscriptivus. See Adscript.] Attached or annexed to the glebe or estate and transferable with it. Brougham.

Adsignification

Ad*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion (#), n. Additional signification. [R.] Tooke.

Adsignify

Ad*sig"ni*fy (#), v. t. [L. adsignificare to show.] To denote additionally. [R.] Tooke.

Adstrict

Ad*strict" (#), v. t. -- Ad*stric"tion, (#) n. See Astrict, and Astriction.

Adstrictory

Ad*stric"to*ry (#), a. See Astrictory.

Adstringent

Ad*strin"gent (#), a. See Astringent.

Adularia

Ad`u*la"ri*a (#), n. [From Adula, a mountain peak in Switzerland, where fine specimens are found.] (Min.) A transparent or translucent variety of common feldspar, or orthoclase, which often shows pearly opalescent reflections; -- called by lapidaries moonstone.

Adulate

Ad"u*late (#), v. t. [L. adulatus, p. p. of adulari.] To flatter in a servile way. Byron.

Adulation

Ad`u*la"tion (#), n. [F. adulation, fr. L. adulatio, fr. adulari, adulatum, to flatter.] Servile flattery; praise in excess, or beyond what is merited.
Think'st thou the fiery fever will go out With titles blown from adulation? Shak.
Syn. -- Sycophancy; cringing; fawning; obsequiousness; blandishment. -- Adulation, Flattery, Compliment. Men deal in compliments from a desire to please; they use flattery either from undue admiration, or a wish to gratify vanity; they practice adulation from sordid motives, and with a mingled spirit of falsehood and hypocrisy. Compliment may be a sincere expression of due respect and esteem, or it may be unmeaning; flattery is apt to become gross; adulation is always servile, and usually fulsome.

Adulator

Ad"u*la`tor (#), n. [L., fr. adulari: cf. F. adulateur.] A servile or hypocritical flatterer. Carlyle.

Adulatory

Ad"u*la*to*ry (#), a. [L. adulatorius, fr. adulari: cf. OF. adulatoire.] Containing excessive praise or compliment; servilely praising; flattering; as, an adulatory address.
A mere rant of adulatory freedom. Burke.

Adulatress

Ad"u*la`tress (#), n. A woman who flatters with servility.

Adult

A*dult" (#), a. [L. adultus, p. p. of adolescere, akin to alere to nourish: cf. F. adulte. See Adolescent, Old.] Having arrived at maturity, or to full size and strength; matured; as, an adult person or plant; an adult ape; an adult age.

Adult

A*dult", n. A person, animal, or plant grown to full size and strength; one who has reached maturity. &hand; In the common law, the term is applied to a person who has attained full age or legal majority; in the civil law, to males after the age of fourteen, and to females after twelve.

Adulter

A*dul"ter (#), v. i. [L. adulterare.] To commit adultery; to pollute. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Adulterant

A*dul"ter*ant (#), n. [L. adulterans, p. pr. of adulterare.] That which is used to adulterate anything. -- a. Adulterating; as, adulterant agents and processes.

Adulterate

A*dul"ter*ate (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adulterated (#); p. pr. & vb. n Adulterating (#).] [L. adulteratus, p. p. of adulterare, fr. adulter adulterer, prob. fr. ad + alter other, properly one who approaches another on account of unlawful love. Cf. Advoutry.]

1. To defile by adultery. [Obs.] Milton.

2. To corrupt, debase, or make impure by an admixture of a foreign or a baser substance; as, to adulterate food, drink, drugs, coin, etc.

The present war has . . . adulterated our tongue with strange words. Spectator.
Syn. -- To corrupt; defile; debase; contaminate; vitiate; sophisticate.

Adulterate

A*dul"ter*ate, v. i. To commit adultery. [Obs.]

Adulterate

A*dul"ter*ate (#), a.

1. Tainted with adultery.

2. Debased by the admixture of a foreign substance; adulterated; spurious. -- A*dul"ter*ate*ly, adv. -- A*dul"ter*ate*ness, n.

Adulteration

A*dul`ter*a"tion (#), n. [L. adulteratio.]

1. The act of adulterating; corruption, or debasement (esp. of food or drink) by foreign mixture.

The shameless adulteration of the coin. Prescott.

2. An adulterated state or product.

Adulterator

A*dul"ter*a`tor (#), n. [L.] One who adulterates or corrupts. [R.] Cudworth.

Adulterer

A*dul"ter*er (#), n. [Formed fr. the verb adulter, with the E. ending -er. See Advoutrer.]

1. A man who commits adultery; a married man who has sexual intercourse with a woman not his wife.

2. (Script.) A man who violates his religious covenant. Jer. ix. 2.

Adulteress

A*dul"ter*ess (#), n. [Fem. from L. adulter. Cf. Advoutress.]

1. A woman who commits adultery.

2. (Script.) A woman who violates her religious engagements. James iv. 4.

Adulterine

A*dul"ter*ine (#), a.[L. adulterinus, fr. adulter.] Proceeding from adulterous intercourse. Hence: Spurious; without the support of law; illegal.
When any particular class of artificers or traders thought proper to act as a corporation without a charter, such were called adulterine guilds. Adam Smith.

Adulterine

A*dul"ter*ine, n. An illegitimate child. [R.]

Adulterize

A*dul"ter*ize (#), v. i. To commit adultery. Milton.

Adulterous

A*dul"ter*ous (#), a.

1. Guilty of, or given to, adultery; pertaining to adultery; illicit. Dryden.

2. Characterized by adulteration; spurious. "An adulterous mixture." [Obs.] Smollett.

Adulterously

A*dul"ter*ous*ly, adv. In an adulterous manner.

Adultery

A*dul"ter*y (#), n.; pl. Adulteries(#). [L. adulterium. See Advoutry.]

1. The unfaithfulness of a married person to the marriage bed; sexual intercourse by a married man with another than his wife, or voluntary sexual intercourse by a married woman with another than her husband.


Page 25

&hand; It is adultery on the part of the married wrongdoer. The word has also been used to characterize the act of an unmarried participator, the other being married. In the United States the definition varies with the local statutes. Unlawful intercourse between two married persons is sometimes called double adultery; between a married and an unmarried person, single adultery.

2. Adulteration; corruption. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. (Script.) (a) Lewdness or unchastity of thought as well as act, as forbidden by the seventh commandment. (b) Faithlessness in religion. Jer. iii. 9.

4. (Old Law) The fine and penalty imposed for the offense of adultery.

5. (Eccl.) The intrusion of a person into a bishopric during the life of the bishop.

6. Injury; degradation; ruin. [Obs.]

You might wrest the caduceus out of my hand to the adultery and spoil of nature. B. Jonson.

Adultness

A*dult"ness (#), n. The state of being adult.

Adumbrant

Ad*um"brant (#), a. [L. adumbrans, p. pr. of adumbrare.] Giving a faint shadow, or slight resemblance; shadowing forth.

Adumbrate

Ad*um"brate (#), v. t. [L. adumbratus, p. p. of adumbrare; ad + umbrare to shade; umbra shadow.]

1. To give a faint shadow or slight representation of; to outline; to shadow forth.

Both in the vastness and the richness of the visible universe the invisible God is adumbrated. L. Taylor.

2. To overshadow; to shade.

Adumbration

Ad`um*bra"tion (#), n. [L. adumbratio.]

1. The act of adumbrating, or shadowing forth.

2. A faint sketch; an outline; an imperfect portrayal or representation of a thing.

Elegant adumbrations of sacred truth. Bp. Horsley.

3. (Her.) The shadow or outlines of a figure.

Adumbrative

Ad*um"bra*tive (#), a. Faintly representing; typical. Carlyle.

Adunation

Ad`u*na"tion (#), n. [L. adunatio; ad + unus one.] A uniting; union. Jer. Taylor.

Adunc, Adunque

A*dunc", A*dunque" (#), a. (Zo\'94l.) Hooked; as, a parrot has an adunc bill.

Aduncity

A*dun"ci*ty (#), n. [L. aduncitas. See Aduncous.] Curvature inwards; hookedness.
The aduncity of the beaks of hawks. Pope.

Aduncous

A*dun"cous (#), a. [L. aduncus; ad + uncus hooked, hook.] Curved inwards; hooked.

Adure

A*dure" (#), v. t. [L. adurere; ad + urere to burn.] To burn up. [Obs.] Bacon.

Adust

A*dust" (#), a. [L. adustus, p. p. of adurere: cf. F. aduste.]

1. Inflamed or scorched; fiery. "The Libyan air adust." Milton.

2. Looking as if or scorched; sunburnt.

A tall, thin man, of an adust complexion. Sir W. Scott.

3. (Med.) Having much heat in the constitution and little serum in the blood. [Obs.] Hence: Atrabilious; sallow; gloomy.

Adusted

A*dust"ed, a. Burnt; adust. [Obs.] Howell.

Adustible

A*dust"i*ble (#), a. That may be burnt. [Obs.]

Adustion

A*dus"tion (?; 106), n. [L. adustio, fr. adurere, adustum: cf. F. adustion.]

1. The act of burning, or heating to dryness; the state of being thus heated or dried. [Obs.] Harvey.

2. (Surg.) Cauterization. Buchanan.

Ad valorem

Ad va*lo"rem (#). [L., according to the value.] (Com.) A term used to denote a duty or charge laid upon goods, at a certain rate per cent upon their value, as stated in their invoice, -- in opposition to a specific sum upon a given quantity or number; as, an ad valorem duty of twenty per cent.

Advance

Ad*vance" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Advanced (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Advancing (#)(#).] [OE. avancen, avauncen, F. avancer, fr. a supposed LL. abantiare; ab + ante (F. avant) before. The spelling with d was a mistake, a- being supposed to be fr. L. ad. See Avaunt.]

1. To bring forward; to move towards the van or front; to make to go on.

2. To raise; to elevate. [Archaic]

They . . . advanced their eyelids. Shak.

3. To raise to a higher rank; to promote.

Ahasueres . . . advanced him, and set his seat above all the princes. Esther iii. 1.

4. To accelerate the growth or progress; to further; to forward; to help on; to aid; to heighten; as, to advance the ripening of fruit; to advance one's interests.

5. To bring to view or notice; to offer or propose; to show; as, to advance an argument.

Some ne'er advance a judgment of their own. Pope.

6. To make earlier, as an event or date; to hasten.

7. To furnish, as money or other value, before it becomes due, or in aid of an enterprise; to supply beforehand; as, a merchant advances money on a contract or on goods consigned to him.

8. To raise to a higher point; to enhance; to raise in rate; as, to advance the price of goods.

9. To extol; to laud. [Obs.]

Greatly advancing his gay chivalry. Spenser.
Syn. -- To raise; elevate; exalt; aggrandize; improve; heighten; accelerate; allege; adduce; assign.

Advance

Ad*vance", v. i.

1. To move or go forward; to proceed; as, he advanced to greet me.

2. To increase or make progress in any respect; as, to advance in knowledge, in stature, in years, in price.

3. To rise in rank, office, or consequence; to be preferred or promoted.

Advanced to a level with ancient peers. Prescott.

Advance

Ad*vance", n. [Cf. F. avance, fr. avancer. See Advance, v.]

1. The act of advancing or moving forward or upward; progress.

2. Improvement or progression, physically, mentally, morally, or socially; as, an advance in health, knowledge, or religion; an advance in rank or office.

3. An addition to the price; rise in price or value; as, an advance on the prime cost of goods.

4. The first step towards the attainment of a result; approach made to gain favor, to form an acquaintance, to adjust a difference, etc.; an overture; a tender; an offer; -- usually in the plural.

[He] made the like advances to the dissenters. Swift.

5. A furnishing of something before an equivalent is received (as money or goods), towards a capital or stock, or on loan; payment beforehand; the money or goods thus furnished; money or value supplied beforehand.

I shall, with pleasure, make the necessary advances. Jay.
The account was made up with intent to show what advances had been made. Kent.
In advance (a) In front; before. (b) Beforehand; before an equivalent is received. (c) In the state of having advanced money on account; as, A is advance to B a thousand dollars or pounds.

Advance

Ad*vance" (#), a. Before in place, or beforehand in time; -- used for advanced; as, an advance guard, or that before the main guard or body of an army; advance payment, or that made before it is due; advance proofs, advance sheets, pages of a forthcoming volume, received in advance of the time of publication.

Advanced

Ad*vanced" (#), a.

1. In the van or front.

2. In the front or before others, as regards progress or ideas; as, advanced opinions, advanced thinkers.

3. Far on in life or time.

A gentleman advanced in years, with a hard experience written in his wrinkles. Hawthorne.
Advanced guard, a detachment of troops which precedes the march of the main body.

Advancement

Ad*vance"ment (#), n. [OE. avancement, F. avancement. See Advance, v. t.]

1. The act of advancing, or the state of being advanced; progression; improvement; furtherance; promotion to a higher place or dignity; as, the advancement of learning.

In heaven . . . every one (so well they love each other) rejoiceth and hath his part in each other's advancement. Sir T. More.
True religion . . . proposes for its end the joint advancement of the virtue and happiness of the people. Horsley.

2. An advance of money or value; payment in advance. See Advance, 5.

3. (Law) Property given, usually by a parent to a child, in advance of a future distribution.

4. Settlement on a wife, or jointure. [Obs.] Bacon.

Advancer

Ad*van"cer (#), n.

1. One who advances; a promoter.

2. A second branch of a buck's antler. Howell.

Advancive

Ad*van"cive (#), a. Tending to advance. [R.]

Advantage

Ad*van"tage (?; 61, 48), n. [OE. avantage, avauntage, F. avantage, fr. avant before. See Advance, and cf. Vantage.]

1. Any condition, circumstance, opportunity, or means, particularly favorable to success, or to any desired end; benefit; as, the enemy had the advantage of a more elevated position.

Give me advantage of some brief discourse. Shak.
The advantages of a close alliance. Macaulay.

2. Superiority; mastery; -- with of or over.

Lest Satan should get an advantage of us. 2 Cor. ii. 11.

3. Superiority of state, or that which gives it; benefit; gain; profit; as, the advantage of a good constitution.

4. Interest of money; increase; overplus (as the thirteenth in the baker's dozen). [Obs.]

And with advantage means to pay thy love. Shak.
Advantage ground, vantage ground. [R.] Clarendon. -- To have the advantage of (any one), to have a personal knowledge of one who does not have a reciprocal knowledge. "You have the advantage of me; I don't remember ever to have had the honor." Sheridan. -- To take advantage of, to profit by; (often used in a bad sense) to overreach, to outwit. Syn. -- Advantage, Advantageous, Benefit, Beneficial. We speak of a thing as a benefit, or as beneficial, when it is simply productive of good; as, the benefits of early discipline; the beneficial effects of adversity. We speak of a thing as an advantage, or as advantageous, when it affords us the means of getting forward, and places us on a "vantage ground" for further effort. Hence, there is a difference between the benefits and the advantages of early education; between a beneficial and an advantageous investment of money.

Advantage

Ad*van"tage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Advantaged (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Advantaging (#).] [F. avantager, fr. avantage. See Advance.] To give an advantage to; to further; to promote; to benefit; to profit.
The truth is, the archbishop's own stiffness and averseness to comply with the court designs, advantaged his adversaries against him. Fuller.
What is a man advantaged, if he gain the whole world, and lose himself, or be cast away? Luke ix. 25.
To advantage one's self of, to avail one's self of. [Obs.]

Advantageable

Ad*van"tage*a*ble (#), a. Advantageous. [Obs.]

Advantageous

Ad`van*ta"geous (#), a. [F. avantageux, fr. avantage.] Being of advantage; conferring advantage; gainful; profitable; useful; beneficial; as, an advantageous position; trade is advantageous to a nation.
Advabtageous comparison with any other country. Prescott.
You see . . . of what use a good reputation is, and how swift and advantageous a harbinger it is, wherever one goes. Chesterfield.

Advantageously

Ad`van*ta"geous*ly, adv. Profitably; with advantage.

Advantageousness

Ad`van*ta"geous*ness, n. Profitableness.

Advene

Ad*vene" (#), v. i. [L. advenire; ad + venire to come: cf. F. avenir, advenir. See Come.] To accede, or come (to); to be added to something or become a part of it, though not essential. [R.]
Where no act of the will advenes as a coefficient. Coleridge.

Advenient

Ad*ven"ient (#), a. [L. adviens, p. pr.] Coming from outward causes; superadded. [Obs.]

Advent

Ad`vent (#), n. [L. adventus, fr. advenire, adventum: cf. F. avent. See Advene.]

1. (Eccl.) The period including the four Sundays before Christmas. Advent Sunday (Eccl.), the first Sunday in the season of Advent, being always the nearest Sunday to the feast of St. Andrew (Now. 30). Shipley.

2. The first or the expected second coming of Christ.

3. Coming; any important arrival; approach.

Death's dreadful advent. Young.
Expecting still his advent home. Tennyson.

Adventist

Ad"vent*ist (#), n. One of a religious body, embracing several branches, who look for the proximate personal coming of Christ; -- called also Second Adventists. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

Adventitious

Ad`ven*ti"tious (#), a. [L. adventitius.]

1. Added extrinsically; not essentially inherent; accidental or causal; additional; supervenient; foreign.

To things of great dimensions, if we annex an adventitious idea of terror, they become without comparison greater. Burke.

2. (Nat. Hist.) Out of the proper or usual place; as, adventitious buds or roots.

3. (Bot.) Accidentally or sparingly spontaneous in a country or district; not fully naturalized; adventive; -- applied to foreign plants.

4. (Med.) Acquired, as diseases; accidental. -- Ad`ven*ti"tious*ly, adv. -- Ad`ven*ti"tious*ness, n.

Adventive

Ad*ven"tive (#), a.

1. Accidental.

2. (Bot.) Adventitious. Gray.

Adventive

Ad*ven"tive, n. A thing or person coming from without; an immigrant. [R.] Bacon.

Adventual

Ad*ven"tu*al (?; 135), a. Relating to the season of advent. Sanderson.

Adventure

Ad*ven"ture (?; 135), n. [OE. aventure, aunter, anter, F. aventure, fr. LL. adventura, fr. L. advenire, adventum, to arrive, which in the Romance languages took the sense of "to happen, befall." See Advene.]

1. That which happens without design; chance; hazard; hap; hence, chance of danger or loss.

Nay, a far less good to man it will be found, if she must, at all adventures, be fastened upon him individually. Milton.

2. Risk; danger; peril. [Obs.]

He was in great adventure of his life. Berners.

3. The encountering of risks; hazardous and striking enterprise; a bold undertaking, in which hazards are to be encountered, and the issue is staked upon unforeseen events; a daring feat.

He loved excitement and adventure. Macaulay.

4. A remarkable occurrence; a striking event; a stirring incident; as, the adventures of one's life. Bacon.

5. A mercantile or speculative enterprise of hazard; a venture; a shipment by a merchant on his own account. A bill of adventure (Com.), a writing setting forth that the goods shipped are at the owner's risk. Syn. -- Undertaking; enterprise; venture; event.

Adventure

Ad*ven"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adventured (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Adventuring (#).] [OE. aventuren, auntren, F. aventurer, fr. aventure. See Adventure, n.]

1. To risk, or hazard; jeopard; to venture.

He would not adventure himself into the theater. Acts xix. 31.

2. To venture upon; to run the risk of; to dare.

Yet they adventured to go back. Bunyan,
Discriminations might be adventured. J. Taylor.

Adventure

Ad*ven"ture, v. i. To try the chance; to take the risk.
I would adventure for such merchandise. Shak.

Adventureful

Ad*ven"ture*ful (#), a. Given to adventure.

Adventurer

Ad*ven"tur*er (#), n. [Cf. F. aventurier.]

1. One who adventures; as, the merchant adventurers; one who seeks his fortune in new and hazardous or perilous enterprises.

2. A social pretender on the lookout for advancement.

Adventuresome

Ad*ven"ture*some (#), a. Full of risk; adventurous; venturesome. -- Ad*ven"ture*some*ness, n.

Adventuress

Ad*ven"tur*ess (#), n. A female adventurer; a woman who tries to gain position by equivocal means.

Adventurous

Ad*ven"tur*ous (#), a. [OE. aventurous, aunterous, OF. aventuros, F. aventureux, fr. aventure. See Adventure, n.]

1. Inclined to adventure; willing to incur hazard; prone to embark in hazardous enterprise; rashly daring; -- applied to persons.

Bold deed thou hast presumed, adventurous Eve. Milton.

2. Full of hazard; attended with risk; exposing to danger; requiring courage; rash; -- applied to acts; as, an adventurous undertaking, deed, song. Syn. -- Rash; foolhardy; presumptuous; enterprising; daring; hazardous; venturesome. See Rash.

Adventurously

Ad*ven"tur*ous*ly, adv. In an adventurous manner; venturesomely; boldly; daringly.

Adventurousness

Ad*ven"tur*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being adventurous; daring; venturesomeness.

Adverb

Ad"verb (#), n. [L. adverbium; ad + verbum word, verb: cf. F. adverbe.] (Gram.) A word used to modify the sense of a verb, participle, adjective, or other adverb, and usually placed near it; as, he writes well; paper extremely white.

Adverbial

Ad*ver"bi*al (#), a. [L. adverbialis: cf. F. adverbial.] Of or pertaining to an adverb; of the nature of an adverb; as, an adverbial phrase or form.

Adverbiality

Ad*ver`bi*al"i*ty (#), n. The quality of being adverbial. Earle.

Adverbialize

Ad*ver"bi*al*ize (#), v. t. To give the force or form of an adverb to.

Adverbially

Ad*ver"bi*al*ly, adv. In the manner of an adverb.

Adversaria

Ad`ver*sa"ri*a (#), n. pl. [L. adversaria (sc. scripta), neut. pl. of adversarius.] A miscellaneous collection of notes, remarks, or selections; a commonplace book; also, commentaries or notes.
These parchments are supposed to have been St. Paul's adversaria. Bp. Bull.

Adversarious

Ad`ver*sa"ri*ous (#), a. Hostile. [R.] Southey.

Adversary

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad`ver*sa*ry (#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose
Page 26

or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.

His ancient knot of dangerous adversaries. Shak.
Agree with thine adversary quickly. Matt. v. 25.
It may be thought that to vindicate the permanency of truth is to dispute without an adversary. Beattie.
The Adversary, The Satan, or the Devil. Syn. -- Adversary, Enemy, Opponent, Antagonist. Enemy is the only one of these words which necessarily implies a state of personal hostility. Men may be adversaries, antagonists, or opponents to each other in certain respects, and yet have no feelings of general animosity. An adversary may be simply one who is placed for a time in a hostile position, as in a lawsuit, an argument, in chess playing, or at fence. An opponent is one who is ranged against another (perhaps passively) on the opposing side; as a political opponent, an opponent in debate. An antagonist is one who struggles against another with active effort, either in a literal fight or in verbal debate.

Adversary

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad"ver*sa*ry (#), a.

1. Opposed; opposite; adverse; antagonistic. [Archaic] Bp. King.

2. (Law) Having an opposing party; not unopposed; as, an adversary suit.

Adversative

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*ver"sa*tive (#), a. [L. adversativus, fr. adversari.] Expressing contrariety, opposition, or antithesis; as, an adversative conjunction (but, however, yet, etc. ); an adversative force. -- Ad*ver"sa*tive*ly, adv.

Adversative

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*ver"sa*tive, n. An adversative word. Harris.

Adverse

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad"verse (#), a. [OE. advers, OF. avers, advers, fr. L. adversus, p. p. advertere to turn to. See Advert.]

1. Acting against, or in a contrary direction; opposed; contrary; opposite; conflicting; as, adverse winds; an adverse party; a spirit adverse to distinctions of caste.

2. Opposite. "Calpe's adverse height." Byron.

3. In hostile opposition to; unfavorable; unpropitious; contrary to one's wishes; unfortunate; calamitous; afflictive; hurtful; as, adverse fates, adverse circumstances, things adverse.

Happy were it for us all if we bore prosperity as well and wisely as we endure an adverse fortune. Southey.
Adverse possession (Law), a possession of real property avowedly contrary to some claim of title in another person. Abbott. Syn. -- Averse; reluctant; unwilling. See Averse.

Adverse

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*verse" (#), v. t. [L. adversari: cf. OF. averser.] To oppose; to resist. [Obs.] Gower.

Adversely

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad"verse*ly (277), adv. In an adverse manner; inimically; unfortunately; contrariwise.

Adverseness

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad"verse*ness, n. The quality or state of being adverse; opposition.

Adversifoliate, Adversifolious

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*ver`si*fo"li*ate (#), Ad*ver`si*fo"li*ous (#) a. [L. adver + folium leaf.] (Bot.) Having opposite leaves, as plants which have the leaves so arranged on the stem.

Adversion

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*ver"sion (#), n.[L. adversio] A turning towards; attention. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Adversity

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*ver"si*ty (#), n.; pl. Adversities(#). [OE. adversite, F. adversit\'82, fr. L. adversitas.]

1. Opposition; contrariety. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Adversity is not without comforts and hopes. Bacon.
Syn. -- Affliction; distress; misery; disaster; trouble; suffering; trial.

Advert

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*vert" (#), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Adverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Adverting.] [L. advertere, v. t., to turn to; ad + vertere to turn: cf. F. avertir. See Advertise.] To turn the mind or attention; to refer; to take heed or notice; -- with to; as, he adverted to what was said.
I may again advert to the distinction. Owen.
Syn.- To refer; allude; regard. See Refer.

Advertence, Advertency

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*vert"ence (#), Ad*vert"en*cy (#),[OF. advertence, avertence, LL. advertentia, fr. L. advertens. See Advertent.] The act of adverting, of the quality of being advertent; attention; notice; regard; heedfulness.
To this difference it is right that advertence should be had in regulating taxation. J. S. Mill.

Advertent

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*vert"ent (#), a. [L. advertens, -entis, p. pr. of advertere. See Advert.] Attentive; heedful; regardful. Sir M. Hale. -- Ad*vert"ent*ly, adv.

Advertise

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad`ver*tise" (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Advertised (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Advertising (#).] [F. avertir, formerly also spelt advertir, to warn, give notice to, L. advertere to turn to. The ending was probably influenced by the noun advertisement. See Advert.] To give notice to; to inform or apprise; to notify; to make known; hence, to warn; -- often followed by of before the subject of information; as, to advertise a man of his loss. [Archaic]
I will advertise thee what this people shall do. Num. xxiv. 14.

4. To give public notice of; to announce publicly, esp. by a printed notice; as, to advertise goods for sale, a lost article, the sailing day of a vessel, a political meeting. Syn. -- To apprise; inform; make known; notify; announce; proclaim; promulgate; publish.

Advertisement

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*ver"tise*ment (?; 277), n. [F.avertisement, formerly also spelled advertissement, a warning, giving notice, fr. avertir.]

1. The act of informing or notifying; notification. [Archaic]

An advertisement of danger. Bp. Burnet.

2. Admonition; advice; warning. [Obs.]

Therefore give me no counsel: My griefs cry louder than advertisement. Shak.

3. A public notice, especially a paid notice in some public print; anything that advertises; as, a newspaper containing many advertisement.

Advertiser

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad`ver*tis"er (#), n. One who, or that which, advertises.

Advice

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*vice" (#), n. [OE. avis, F. avis; + OF. vis, fr. L. visum seemed, seen; really p. p. of videre to see, so that vis meant that which has seemed best. See Vision, and cf. Avise, Advise.]

1. An opinion recommended or offered, as worthy to be followed; counsel.

We may give advice, but we can not give conduct. Franklin.

2. Deliberate consideration; knowledge. [Obs.]

How shall I dote on her with more advice, That thus without advice begin to love her? Shak.

3. Information or notice given; intelligence; as, late advices from France; -- commonly in the plural. &hand; In commercial language, advice usually means information communicated by letter; -- used chiefly in reference to drafts or bills of exchange; as, a letter of advice. McElrath.

4. (Crim. Law) Counseling to perform a specific illegal act. Wharton. Advice boat, a vessel employed to carry dispatches or to reconnoiter; a dispatch boat. -- To take advice. (a) To accept advice. (b) To consult with another or others. Syn. -- Counsel; suggestion; recommendation; admonition; exhortation; information; notice.

Advisability

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*vis`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. The quality of being advisable; advisableness.

Advisable

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*vis"a*ble (#), a.

1. Proper to be advised or to be done; expedient; prudent.

Some judge it advisable for a man to account with his heart every day. South.

2. Ready to receive advice. [R.] South. Syn. -- Expedient; proper; desirable; befitting.

Advisable-ness

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*vis"a*ble-ness, n. The quality of being advisable or expedient; expediency; advisability.

Advisably

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*vis"a*bly, adv. With advice; wisely.

Advise

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*vise" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Advised (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Advising (#).] [OE. avisen to perceive, consider, inform, F. aviser, fr. LL. advisare. advisare; ad + visare, fr. L. videre, visum, to see. See Advice, and cf. Avise.]

1. To give advice to; to offer an opinion, as worthy or expedient to be followed; to counsel; to warn. "I shall no more advise thee." Milton.

2. To give information or notice to; to inform; -- with of before the thing communicated; as, we were advised of the risk. To advise one's self, to bethink one's self; to take counsel with one's self; to reflect; to consider. [Obs.]

Bid thy master well advise himself. Shak.
Syn. -- To counsel; admonish; apprise; acquaint.

Advise

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*vise", v. t.

1. To consider; to deliberate. [Obs.]

Advise if this be worth attempting. Milton.

2. To take counsel; to consult; -- followed by with; as, to advise with friends.

Advisedly

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*vis"ed*ly (#), adv.

1. Circumspectly; deliberately; leisurely. [Obs.] Shak.

2. With deliberate purpose; purposely; by design. "Advisedly undertaken." Suckling.

Advisedness

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*vis"ed*ness n. Deliberate consideration; prudent procedure; caution.

Advisement

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*vise"ment (#), n. [OE. avisement, F. avisement, fr. aviser. See Advise, and cf. Avisement.]

1. Counsel; advise; information. [Archaic]

And mused awhile, waking advisement takes of what had passed in sleep. Daniel.

2. Consideration; deliberation; consultation.

Tempering the passion with advisement slow. Spenser.

Adviser

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*vis"er (#), n. One who advises.

Advisership

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*vis"er*ship, n. The office of an adviser. [R.]

Adviso

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*vi"so (#), n. [Cf. Sp. aviso. See Advice.] Advice; counsel; suggestion; also, a dispatch or advice boat. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Advisory

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*vi"so*ry (#), a. Having power to advise; containing advice; as, an advisory council; their opinion is merely advisory.
The General Association has a general advisory superintendence over all the ministers and churches. Trumbull.

Advocacy

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad"vo*ca*cy (#), n. [OF. advocatie, LL. advocatia. See Advocate.] The act of pleading for or supporting; work of advocating; intercession.

Advocate

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad"vo*cate (#), n. [OE. avocat, avocet, OF. avocat, fr. L. advocatus, one summoned or called to another; properly the p. p. of advocare to call to, call to one's aid; ad + vocare to call. See Advowee, Avowee, Vocal.]

1. One who pleads the cause of another. Specifically: One who pleads the cause of another before a tribunal or judicial court; a counselor. &hand; In the English and American Law, advocate is the same as "counsel," "counselor," or "barrister." In the civil and ecclesiastical courts, the term signifies the same as "counsel" at the common law.

2. One who defends, vindicates, or espouses any cause by argument; a pleader; as, an advocate of free trade, an advocate of truth.

3. Christ, considered as an intercessor.

We have an Advocate with the Father. 1 John ii. 1.
Faculty of advocates (Scot.), the Scottish bar in Edinburgh. -- Lord advocate (Scot.), the public prosecutor of crimes, and principal crown lawyer. -- Judge advocate. See under Judge.

Advocate

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad"vo*cate (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Advocated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Advocating (#).] [See Advocate, n., Advoke, Avow.] To plead in favor of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly.
To advocate the cause of thy client. Bp. Sanderson (1624).
This is the only thing distinct and sensible, that has been advocated. Burke.
Eminent orators were engaged to advocate his cause. Mitford.

Advocate

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad"vo*cate, v. i. To act as advocate. [Obs.] Fuller.

Advocateship

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad"vo*cate*ship, n. Office or duty of an advocate.

Advocation

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad`vo*ca"tion (#), n. [L. advocatio: cf. OF. avocation. See Advowson.]

1. The act of advocating or pleading; plea; advocacy. [Archaic]

The holy Jesus . . . sits in heaven in a perpetual advocation for us. Jer. Taylor.

2. Advowson. [Obs.]

The donations or advocations of church livings. Sanderson.

3. (Scots Law) The process of removing a cause from an inferior court to the supreme court. Bell.

Advocatory

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad"vo*ca*to*ry (#), a. Of or pertaining to an advocate. [R.]

Advoke

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*voke" (#), v. t. [L. advocare. See Advocate.] To summon; to call. [Obs.]
Queen Katharine had privately prevailed with the pope to advoke the cause to Rome. Fuller.

Advolution

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad`vo*lu"tion (#), n. [L. advolvere, advolutum, to roll to.] A rolling toward something. [R.]

Advoutrer

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*vou"trer (#), n. [OF. avoutre, avoltre, fr. L. adulter. Cf. Adulterer.] An adulterer. [Obs.]

Advoutress

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*vou"tress (#), n. An adulteress. [Obs.] Bacon.

Advoutry, Advowtry

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*vou"try, Ad*vow"try (#), n. [OE. avoutrie, avouterie, advoutrie, OF. avoutrie, avulterie, fr. L. adulterium. Cf. Adultery.] Adultery. [Obs.] Bacon.

Advowee

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*vow*ee" (#), n. [OE. avowe, F. avou\'82, fr. L. advocatus. See Advocate, Avowee, Avoyer.] One who has an advowson. Cowell.

Advowson

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*vow"son (?; 277), n. [OE. avoweisoun, OF. avo\'89son, fr. L. advocatio. Cf. Advocation.] (Eng. Law) The right of presenting to a vacant benefice or living in the church. [Originally, the relation of a patron (advocatus) or protector of a benefice, and thus privileged to nominate or present to it.] &hand; The benefices of the Church of England are in every case subjects of presentation. They are nearly 12,000 in number; the advowson of more than half of them belongs to private persons, and of the remainder to the crown, bishops, deans and chapters, universities, and colleges. Amer. Cyc.

Advoyer

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*voy"er (#), n. See Avoyer. [Obs.]

Adward

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad*ward" (#), n. Award. [Obs.] Spenser.

Adynamia

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad`y*na"mi*a (#), n. [NL. adynamia, fr. Gr. (Med.) Considerable debility of the vital powers, as in typhoid fever. Dunglison.

Adynamic

Ad`ver*sa*ry (#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad`y*nam"ic (#), a. [Cf. F. adynamique. See Adynamy.]

1. (Med.) Pertaining to, or characterized by, debility of the vital powers; weak.

2. (Physics) Characterized by the absence of power or force. Adynamic fevers, malignant or putrid fevers attended with great muscular debility.

Adynamy

Ad`ver*sa*ry (#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> A*dyn"a*my (#), n. Adynamia. [R.] Morin.

Adytum

Ad`ver*sa*ry (#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Ad"y*tum (#), n. Adyta (#). [L., fr. Gr. The innermost sanctuary or shrine in ancient temples, whence oracles were given. Hence: A private chamber; a sanctum.

Adz, Adze

Ad`ver*sa*ry (#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Adz, Adze (#), n. [OE. adese, adis, adse, AS. adesa, adese, ax, hatchet.] A carpenter's or cooper's tool, formed with a thin arching blade set at right angles to the handle. It is used for chipping or slicing away the surface of wood.

Adz

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> Adz, v. t. To cut with an adz. [R.] Carlyle.

\'92 or Ae

Ad`ver*sa*ry
(#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> \'92 or Ae. A diphthong in the Latin language; used also by the Saxon writers. It answers to the Gr. \'91
was generally replaced by a, the long e
or ee. In derivatives from Latin words with ae, it is mostly superseded by e. For most words found with this initial combination, the reader will therefore search under the letter E.

\'92cidium

Ad`ver*sa*ry (#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> \'92*cid"i*um (#), n.; pl. \'92cidia (#). [NL., dim. of Gr. (Bot.) A form of fruit in the cycle of development of the Rusts or Brands, an order of fungi, formerly considered independent plants.

\'92dile

Ad`ver*sa*ry (#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> \'92"dile (#), n. [L. aedilis, fr. aedes temple, public building. Cf. Edify.] A magistrate in ancient Rome, who had the superintendence of public buildings, highways, shows, etc.; hence, a municipal officer.

\'92dileship

Ad`ver*sa*ry (#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> \'92"dile*ship, n. The office of an \'91dile. T. Arnold.

\'92gean

Ad`ver*sa*ry (#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> \'92*ge"an (#), a. [L. Aegeus; Gr. Of or pertaining to the sea, or arm of the Mediterranean sea, east of Greece. See Archipelago.

\'92gicrania

Ad`ver*sa*ry (#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> \'92`gi*cra"ni*a (#), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Arch.) Sculptured ornaments, used in classical architecture, representing rams' heads or skulls.

\'92gilops

Ad`ver*sa*ry (#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> \'92g"i*lops (#), n. [L. aegilopis, Gr.

1. (Med.) An ulcer or fistula in the inner corner of the eye.

2. (Bot.) (a) The great wild-oat grass or other cornfield weed. Crabb. (b) A genus of plants, called also hardgrass.

\'92gis

Ad`ver*sa*ry (#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> \'92"gis (#), n. [L. aegis, fr. Gr. A shield or protective armor; -- applied in mythology to the shield of Jupiter which he gave to Minerva. Also fig.: A shield; a protection.

\'92gophony

Ad`ver*sa*ry (#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> \'92*goph"o*ny (#), n. Same as Egophony.

\'92grotat

Ad`ver*sa*ry (#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> \'92*gro"tat (#), n. [L., he is sick.] (Camb. Univ.) A medical certificate that a student is ill.

\'92neid

Ad`ver*sa*ry (#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> \'92*ne"id (#), n. [L. Aeneis, Aeneidis, or -dos: cf. F. .] The great epic poem of Virgil, of which the hero is \'92neas.

A\'89neous

Ad`ver*sa*ry (#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> A*\'89"ne*ous (#), a. [L. a\'89neus.] (Zo\'94l.) Colored like bronze.

\'92olian

Ad`ver*sa*ry (#), n.; pl. Adversaries (#). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose26 or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe.> \'92*o"li*an (#), a. [L. Aeolius, Gr.

1. Of or pertaining to \'92olia or \'92olis, in Asia Minor, colonized by the Greeks, or to its inhabitants; \'91olic; as, the \'92olian dialect.

2. Pertaining to \'92olus, the mythic god of the winds; pertaining to, or produced by, the wind; a\'89rial.

Viewless forms the \'91olian organ play. Campbell.
\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the
Page 27

volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.

\'92olic

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.
> \'92*ol"ic (#), a. [L. Aeolicus; Gr. \'92olian, 1; as, the \'92olic dialect; the \'92olic mode.

\'92olipile, \'92olipyle

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92*ol"i*pile, \'92*ol"i*pyle (#), n. [L. aeolipilae; Aeolus god of the winds + pila a ball, or Gr. i. e., doorway of \'92olus); cf. F. \'82olipyle.] An apparatus consisting chiefly of a closed vessel (as a globe or cylinder) with one or more projecting bent tubes, through which steam is made to pass from the vessel, causing it to revolve. [Written also eolipile.] &hand; Such an apparatus was first described by Hero of Alexandria about 200 years b. c. It has often been called the first steam engine.

\'92olotropic

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92`o*lo*trop"ic (#), a. [Gr. (Physics) Exhibiting differences of quality or property in different directions; not isotropic. Sir W. Thomson.

\'92olotropy

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92`o*lot"ro*py (#), n. (Physics) Difference of quality or property in different directions.

\'92olus

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92"o*lus (#), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Gr. & Rom. Myth.) The god of the winds.

\'92on

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92"on (#), n. A period of immeasurable duration; also, an emanation of the Deity. See Eon.

\'92onian

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92*o"ni*an (#), a. [Gr. Eternal; everlasting. "\'92onian hills." Tennyson.

\'92pyornis

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92`py*or"nis (#), n. [Gr. A gigantic bird found fossil in Madagascar.

A\'89rate

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A"\'89r*ate (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. A (#); p. pr. & vb. n. A (#).] [Cf. F. a\'82rer. See Air,v. t.]

1. To combine or charge with gas; usually with carbonic acid gas, formerly called fixed air.

His sparkling sallies bubbled up as from a\'89rated natural fountains. Carlyle.

2. To supply or impregnate with common air; as, to a\'89rate soil; to a\'89rate water.

3. (Physiol.) To expose to the chemical action of air; to oxygenate (the blood) by respiration; to arterialize. A\'89rated bread, bread raised by charging dough with carbonic acid gas, instead of generating the gas in the dough by fermentation.

A\'89ration

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*a"tion (#), n. [Cf. F. a\'82ration.]

1. Exposure to the free action of the air; airing; as, a\'89ration of soil, of spawn, etc.

2. (Physiol.) A change produced in the blood by exposure to the air in respiration; oxygenation of the blood in respiration; arterialization.

3. The act or preparation of charging with carbonic acid gas or with oxygen.

A\'89rator

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A"\'89r*a`tor (#), n. That which supplies with air; esp. an apparatus used for charging mineral waters with gas and in making soda water.

A\'89rial

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A*\'89"ri*al (#), a. [L. a\'89rius. See Air.]

1. Of or pertaining to the air, or atmosphere; inhabiting or frequenting the air; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air; as, a\'89rial regions or currents. "A\'89rial spirits." Milton. "A\'89rial voyages." Darwin.

2. Consisting of air; resembling, or partaking of the nature of air. Hence: Unsubstantial; unreal.

3. Rising aloft in air; high; lofty; as, a\'89rial spires.

4. Growing, forming, or existing in the air, as opposed to growing or existing in earth or water, or underground; as, a\'89rial rootlets, a\'89rial plants. Gray.

5. Light as air; ethereal. A\'89rial acid, carbonic acid. [Obs.] Ure. -- A\'89rial perspective. See Perspective.

A\'89riality

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A*\'89`ri*al"i*ty (#), n. The state of being a\'89rial; [R.] De Quincey.

A\'89rially

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A*\'89"ri*al*ly (#), adv. Like, or from, the air; in an a\'89rial manner. "A murmur heard a\'89rially." Tennyson.

Aerie

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> Ae"rie (?; 277), n. [OE. aire, eire, air, nest, also origin, descent, OF. aire, LL. area, aera, nest of a bird of prey, perh. fr. L. area an open space (for birds of prey like to build their nests on flat and open spaces on the top of high rocks). Cf. Area.] The nest of a bird of prey, as of an eagle or hawk; also a brood of such birds; eyrie. Shak. Also fig.: A human residence or resting place perched like an eagle's nest.

A\'89riferous

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*if"er*ous (#), a. [L. a\'89r air + -ferous: cf. F. a\'82rif\'8are.] Conveying or containing air; air-bearing; as, the windpipe is an a\'89riferous tube.

A\'89rification

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*i*fi*ca"tion (#), n. [Cf. F. a\'82rification. See A.]

1. The act of combining air with another substance, or the state of being filled with air.

2. The act of becoming a\'89rified, or of changing from a solid or liquid form into an a\'89riform state; the state of being a\'89riform.

A\'89riform

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A"\'89r*i*form (?; 277), a. [L. a\'89r air + -form: cf. F. a\'82riforme.] Having the form or nature of air, or of an elastic fluid; gaseous. Hence fig.: Unreal.

A\'89rify

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A"\'89r*i*fy (#), v. t. [L. a\'89r air + -fly.]

1. To infuse air into; to combine air with.

2. To change into an a\'89riform state.

A\'89ro-

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A"\'89r*o-. [Gr. The combining form of the Greek word meaning air.

A\'89robies

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A"\'89r*o*bies (#), n. pl. [A\'89ro- + Gr. (Biol.) Micro\'94rganisms which live in contact with the air and need oxygen for their growth; as the microbacteria which form on the surface of putrefactive fluids.

A\'89robiotic

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*o*bi*ot"ic (?; 101), a. (Biol.) Related to, or of the nature of, a\'89robies; as, a\'89robiotic plants, which live only when supplied with free oxygen.

A\'89rcyst

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A"\'89r*cyst (#), n. [A\'89ro- + cyst.] (Bot.) One of the air cells of algals.

A\'89rodynamic

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A"\'89r*o*dy*nam"ic (#), a. Pertaining to the force of air in motion.

A\'89rodynamics

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*o*dy*nam"ics (#), n. [A\'89ro- + dynamics: cf. F. a\'82rodynamique.] The science which treats of the air and other gaseous bodies under the action of force, and of their mechanical effects.

A\'89rognosy

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*og"no*sy (#), n. [A\'89ro- + Gr. a\'82rognosie.] The science which treats of the properties of the air, and of the part it plays in nature. Craig.

A\'89rographer

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*og"ra*pher (#), n. One versed in a\'89ography: an a\'89rologist.

A\'89rographic, A\'89rographical

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*o*graph"ic (#), A`\'89r*o*graph"ic*al (#), a. Pertaining to a\'89rography; a\'89rological.

A\'89rography

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*og"ra*phy (#), n. [A\'89ro- + -graphy: cf. F. a\'82rographie.] A description of the air or atmosphere; a\'89rology.

A\'89rohydrodynamic

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*o*hy`dro*dy*nam"ic (#), a. [A\'89ro- + hydrodynamic.] Acting by the force of air and water; as, an a\'89rohydrodynamic wheel.

A\'89rolite

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A"\'89r*o*lite (#), n. [A\'89ro- + -lite: cf. F. a\'82rolithe.] (Meteor.) A stone, or metallic mass, which has fallen to the earth from distant space; a meteorite; a meteoric stone. &hand; Some writers limit the word to stony meteorites.

A\'89rolith

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A"\'89r*o*lith (#), n. Same as A.

A\'89rolithology

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*o*li*thol"o*gy (#), n. [A\'89ro- + lithology.] The science of a\'89rolites.

A\'89rolitic

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*o*lit"ic (#), a. Of or pertaining to a\'89rolites; meteoric; as, a\'89rolitic iron. Booth.

A\'89rologic, A\'89rological

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*o*log"ic (#), A`\'89r*o*log"ic*al (#), a. Of or pertaining to a\'89rology.

A\'89rologist

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*ol"o*gist (#), n. One versed in a\'89rology.

A\'89rology

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*ol"o*gy (#), n. [A\'89ro- + -logy: cf. F. a\'82rologie.] That department of physics which treats of the atmosphere.

A\'89romancy

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A"\'89r*o*man`cy (#), n. [A\'89ro- + -mancy: cf. F. a\'82romancie.] Divination from the state of the air or from atmospheric substances; also, forecasting changes in the weather.

A\'89rometer

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*om"e*ter (#), n. [A\'89ro- + -meter: cf. F. \'82rom\'8atre.] An instrument for ascertaining the weight or density of air and gases.

A\'89rometric

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*o*met"ric (#), a. Of or pertaining to a\'89rometry; as, a\'89rometric investigations.

A\'89rometry

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*om"e*try (#), n. [A\'89ro- + -metry: cf. F. \'82rom\'82trie.] The science of measuring the air, including the doctrine of its pressure, elasticity, rarefaction, and condensation; pneumatics.

A\'89ronaut

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A"\'89r*o*naut (?; 277), n. [F. a\'82ronaute, fr. Gr. Nautical.] An a\'89rial navigator; a balloonist.

A\'89ronautic, A\'89ronautical

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*o*naut"ic (#), A`\'89r*o*naut"ic*al (#), a. [Cf. F. a\'82ronauitique.] Pertaining to a\'89ronautics, or a\'89rial sailing.

A\'89ronautics

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*o*naut"ics (#), n. The science or art of ascending and sailing in the air, as by means of a balloon; a\'89rial navigation; ballooning.

A\'89rophobia, A\'89rophoby

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*o*pho"bi*a (#), A`\'89r*oph"o*by (#), n. [A\'89ro- + Gr. a\'82rophobie.] (Med.) Dread of a current of air.

A\'89rophyte

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A"\'89r*o*phyte (, n. [A\'89ro- + Gr. a\'82rophyte.] (Bot.) A plant growing entirely in the air, and receiving its nourishment from it; an air plant or epiphyte.

A\'89roplane

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A"\'89r*o*plane` (, n. [A\'89ro- + plane.] A flying machine, or a small plane for experiments on flying, which floats in the air only when propelled through it.

A\'89roscope

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A"\'89r*o*scope (, n. [A\'89ro- + Gr. (Biol.) An apparatus designed for collecting spores, germs, bacteria, etc., suspended in the air.

A\'89roscopy

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*os"co*py (, n. [A\'89ro- + Gr. The observation of the state and variations of the atmosphere.

\'92rose

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92*rose" (, a. [L. aerosus, fr. aes, aeris, brass, copper.] Of the nature of, or like, copper; brassy. [R.]

A\'89rosiderite

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*o*sid"er*ite (, n. [A\'89ro- + siderite.] (Meteor.) A mass of meteoric iron.

A\'89rosphere

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A"\'89r*o*sphere (, n. [A\'89ro- + sphere: cf. F. a\'82rosph\'8are.] The atmosphere. [R.]

A\'89rostat

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A"\'89r*o*stat (, n. [F. a\'82rostat, fr. Gr. Statics.]

1. A balloon.

2. A balloonist; an a\'89ronaut.

A\'89rostatic \'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*o*stat"ic (, A`\'89r*o*stat"ic*al (, a. [A\'89ro- + Gr. a\'82rostatique. See Statical, Statics.]

1. Of or pertaining to a\'89rostatics; pneumatic.

2. A\'89ronautic; as, an a\'89rostatic voyage.

A\'89rostatics

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*o*stat"ics (, n. The science that treats of the equilibrium of elastic fluids, or that of bodies sustained in them. Hence it includes a\'89ronautics.

A\'89rostation

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89r*os*ta"tion (, n. [Cf. F. a\'82rostation the art of using a\'89rostats.]

1. A\'89rial navigation; the art of raising and guiding balloons in the air.

2. The science of weighing air; a\'89rostatics. [Obs.]

\'92ruginous

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92*ru"gi*nous (, a. [L. aeruginosus, fr. aerugo rust of copper, fr. aes copper: cf. F. \'82rugineux.] Of the nature or color of verdigris, or the rust of copper.

\'92rugo

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92*ru"go (, n. [L. aes brass, copper.] The rust of any metal, esp. of brass or copper; verdigris.

Aery

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> Ae"ry (, n. An aerie.

A\'89ry

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A"\'89r*y (, a. [See Air.] A\'89rial; ethereal; incorporeal; visionary. [Poetic] M. Arnold.

\'92sculapian

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92s`cu*la"pi*an (, a. Pertaining to \'92sculapius or to the healing art; medical; medicinal.

\'92sculapius

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92s`cu*la"pi*us (, n. [L. Aesculapius, Gr. (Myth.) The god of medicine. Hence, a physician.

\'92sculin

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92s"cu*lin (, n. Same as Esculin.

\'92sopian, Esopian

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92*so"pi*an, E*so"pi*an (, a. [L. Aesopius, from Gr. (.] Of or pertaining to \'92sop, or in his manner.

\'92sopic, Esopic

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92*sop"ic, E*sop"ic (
, a. [L. Aesopicus, Gr. Same as \'92sopian.

\'92sthesia

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92s*the"si*a (, n. [Gr. (Physiol.) Perception by the senses; feeling; -- the opposite of an\'91sthesia.

\'92sthesiometer, Esthesiometer

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92s*the`si*om"e*ter, Es*the`si*om"e*ter (
, n. [Gr. \'92sthesia) + \'cfmeter.] An instrument to measure the degree of sensation, by determining at how short a distance two impressions upon the skin can be distinguished, and thus to determine whether the condition of tactile sensibility is normal or altered.

\'92sthesis

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92s*the""sis (, n. [Gr. Sensuous perception. [R.] Ruskin.

\'92sthesodic

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92s`the*sod"ic (, a. [Gr. esth\'82sodique.] (Physiol.) Conveying sensory or afferent impulses; \'d0 said of nerves.

\'92sthete

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92s"thete (, n. [Gr. One who makes much or overmuch of \'91sthetics. [Recent]

\'92sthetic \'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92s*thet"ic (, \'92s*thet"ic*al (, a. Of or Pertaining to \'91sthetics; versed in \'91sthetics; as, \'91sthetic studies, emotions, ideas, persons, etc. -- \'92s*thet"ic*al*ly, adv.

\'92sthetican

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92s`the*ti"can (#), n. One versed in \'91sthetics.

\'92stheticism

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92s*thet"i*cism (#), n. The doctrine of \'91sthetics; \'91sthetic principles; devotion to the beautiful in nature and art. Lowell.

\'92sthetics, Esthetics

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92s*thet"ics, Es*thet"ics (
, n. [Gr. \'84sthetik, F. esth\'82tique.] The theory or philosophy of taste; the science of the beautiful in nature and art; esp. that which treats of the expression and embodiment of beauty by art.

\'92stho-physiology

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92s`tho-phys`i*ol"o*gy(#), n. [Gr. physiology.] The science of sensation in relation to nervous action. H. Spenser.

\'92stival

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92s"ti*val (#), a. [L. aestivalis, aestivus, fr. aestas summer.] Of or belonging to the summer; as, \'91stival diseases. [Spelt also estival.]

\'92stivate

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92s"ti*vate (#), v. i. [L. aestivare, aestivatum.]

1. To spend the summer.

2. (Zo\'94l.) To pass the summer in a state of torpor. [Spelt also estivate.]

\'92stivation

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92s`ti*va"tion (#), n.

1. (Zo\'94l.) The state of torpidity induced by the heat and dryness of summer, as in certain snails; -- opposed to hibernation.

2. (Bot.) The arrangement of the petals in a flower bud, as to folding, overlapping, etc.; prefloration. Gray. [Spelt also estivation.]

\'92stuary

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92s"tu*a*ry (?; 135), n. & a. See Estuary.

\'92stuous

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92s"tu*ous (#), a. [L. aestuosus, fr. aestus fire, glow.] Glowing; agitated, as with heat.

A\'89theogamous

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A*\'89`the*og"a*mous (#), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Propagated in an unusual way; cryptogamous.

\'92ther

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92"ther (#), n. See Ether.

\'92thiops mineral

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92"thi*ops min"er*al (#). (Chem.) Same as Ethiops mineral. [Obs.]

\'92thogen

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92th"o*gen (#), n. [Gr. -gen.] (Chem.) A compound of nitrogen and boro

\'92thrioscope

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92"thri*o*scope (#), n. [Gr. An instrument consisting in part of a differential thermometer. It is used for measuring changes of temperature produced by different conditions of the sky, as when clear or clouded.

\'92tiological

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92`ti*o*log"ic*al (#), a. Pertaining to \'91tiology; assigning a cause. -- \'92`ti*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

\'92tiology

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> \'92`ti*ol"o*gy (#), n. [L. aetologia, Gr. \'82tiologie.]

1. The science, doctrine, or demonstration of causes; esp., the investigation of the causes of any disease; the science of the origin and development of things.

2. The assignment of a cause.

A\'89tites

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A`\'89*ti"tes (#), n. [L., fr. Gr. See Eaglestone.

Afar

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A*far" (#), adv. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.] At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off.
The steep where Fame's proud temple shines afar. Beattie.

Afeard

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A*feard" (#), p. a. [OE. afered, AS. \'bef, p. p. of \'bef to frighten; \'be- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning out) + fran to frighten. See Fear.] Afraid. [Obs.]
Be not afeard; the isle is full of noises. Shak.

Afer

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> A"fer (#), n. [L.] The southwest wind. Milton.

Affability

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> Af`fa*bil"i*ty (#), n. [L. affabilitas: cf. F. affabilit\'82.] The quality of being affable; readiness to converse; courteousness in receiving others and in conversation; complaisant behavior.
Affability is of a wonderful efficacy or power in procuring love. Elyot

Affable

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> Af"fa*ble (#), a. [F. affable, L. affabilis, fr. affari to speak to; ad + fari to speak. See Fable.]

1. Easy to be spoken to or addressed; receiving others kindly and conversing with them in a free and friendly manner; courteous; sociable.

An affable and courteous gentleman. Shak.
His manners polite and affable. Macaulay.

2. Gracious; mild; benign.

A serene and affable countenance. Tatler.
Syn. -- Courteous; civil; complaisant; accessible; mild; benign; condescending.

Affableness

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> Af"fa*ble*ness, n. Affability.

Affably

\'92olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the 27 volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. -- >mcol>\'92olian harp, \'92olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; -- usually placed at an open window. Moore. -- \'92olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes.> Af"fa*bly, adv. In an affable manner; courteously.
Page 28

Affabrous

Af"fa*brous (#), a. [L. affaber workmanlike; ad + faber.] Executed in a workmanlike manner; ingeniously made. [R.] Bailey.

Affair

Af*fair" (#), n. [OE. afere, affere, OF. afaire, F. affaire, fr. a faire to do; L.. ad + facere to do. See Fact, and cf. Ado.]

1. That which is done or is to be done; matter; concern; as, a difficult affair to manage; business of any kind, commercial, professional, or public; -- often in the plural. "At the head of affairs." Junius. "A talent for affairs." Prescott.

2. Any proceeding or action which it is wished to refer to or characterize vaguely; as, an affair of honor, i. e., a duel; an affair of love, i. e., an intrigue.

3. (Mil.) An action or engagement not of sufficient magnitude to be called a battle.

4. Action; endeavor. [Obs.]

And with his best affair Obeyed the pleasure of the Sun. Chapman.

5. A material object (vaguely designated).

A certain affair of fine red cloth much worn and faded. Hawthorne.

Affamish

Af*fam"ish (#), v. t. & i. [F. affamer, fr. L. ad + fames hunger. See Famish.] To afflict with, or perish from, hunger. [Obs.] Spenser.

Affamishment

Af*fam"ish*ment (#), n. Starvation. Bp. Hall.

Affatuate

Af*fat"u*ate (#), v. t. [L. ad + fatuus foolish.] To infatuate. [Obs.] Milton.

Affear

Af*fear" (#), v. t. [OE. aferen, AS. \'bef. See Afeard.] To frighten. [Obs.] Spenser.

Affect

Af*fect" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affected; p. pr. & vb. n. Affecting.] [L. affectus, p. p. of afficere to affect by active agency; ad + facere to make: cf. F. affectere, L. affectare, freq. of afficere. See Fact.]

1. To act upon; to produce an effect or change upon.

As might affect the earth with cold heat. Milton.
The climate affected their health and spirits. Macaulay.

2. To influence or move, as the feelings or passions; to touch.

A consideration of the rationale of our passions seems to me very necessary for all who would affect them upon solid and pure principles.

3. To love; to regard with affection. [Obs.]

As for Queen Katharine, he rather respected than affected, rather honored than loved, her. Fuller.

4. To show a fondness for; to like to use or practice; to choose; hence, to frequent habitually.

For he does neither affect company, nor is he fit for Shak.
Do not affect the society of your inferiors in rank, nor court that of the great. Hazlitt.

5. To dispose or incline.

Men whom they thought best affected to religion and their country's liberty. Milton.

6. To aim at; to aspire; to covet. [Obs.]

This proud man affects imperial Dryden.

7. To tend to by affinity or disposition.

The drops of every fluid affect a round figure. Newton.

8. To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to feign; to assume; as, to affect ignorance.

Careless she is with artful care, Affecting to seem unaffected. Congreve.
Thou dost affect my manners. Shak.

9. To assign; to appoint. [R.]

One of the domestics was affected to his special service. Thackeray.
Syn. -- To influence; operate; act on; concern; move; melt; soften; subdue; overcome; pretend; assume.

Affect

Af*fect", n. [L. affectus.] Affection; inclination; passion; feeling; disposition. [Obs.] Shak.

Affectation

Af`fec*ta"tion (#), n. [L. affectatio: cf. F. affectation.]

1. An attempt to assume or exhibit what is not natural or real; false display; artificial show. "An affectation of contempt." Macaulay.

Affectation is an awkward and forced imitation of what should be genuine and easy, wanting the beauty that accompanies what is natural what is natural. Locke.

2. A striving after. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

3. Fondness; affection. [Obs.] Hooker.

Affectationist

Af`fec*ta"tion*ist, n. One who exhibits affectation. [R.] Fitzed. Hall.

Affected

Af*fect"ed (#), p. p. & a.

1. Regarded with affection; beloved. [Obs.]

His affected Hercules. Chapman.

2. Inclined; disposed; attached.

How stand you affected his wish? Shak.

3. Given to false show; assuming or pretending to posses what is not natural or real.

He is . . . too spruce, too affected, too odd. Shak.

4. Assumed artificially; not natural.

Affected coldness and indifference. Addison.

5. (Alg.) Made up of terms involving different powers of the unknown quantity; adfected; as, an affected equation.

Affectedly

Af*fect"ed*ly, adv.

1. In an affected manner; hypocritically; with more show than reality.

2. Lovingly; with tender care. [Obs.] Shak.

Affectedness

Af*fect"ed*ness, n. Affectation.

Affecter

Af*fect"er (#), n. One who affects, assumes, pretends, or strives after. "Affecters of wit." Abp. Secker.

Affectibility

Af*fect`i*bil"i*ty (#), n. The quality or state of being affectible. [R.]

Affectibl Af*fect"i*bl (#), a. That may be affected. [R.]
Lay aside the absolute, and, by union with the creaturely, become affectible. Coleridge.

Affecting

Af*fect"ing, a.

1. Moving the emotions; fitted to excite the emotions; pathetic; touching; as, an affecting address; an affecting sight.

The most affecting music is generally the most simple.

2. Affected; given to false show. [Obs.]

A drawling; affecting rouge. Shak.

Affectingly

Af*fect"ing*ly (#), adv. In an affecting manner; is a manner to excite emotions.

Affection

Af*fec"tion (#), n. [F. affection, L. affectio, fr. afficere. See Affect.]

1. The act of affecting or acting upon; the state of being affected.

2. An attribute; a quality or property; a condition; a bodily state; as, figure, weight, etc. , are affections of bodies. "The affections of quantity." Boyle.

And, truly, waking dreams were, more or less, An old and strange affection of the house. Tennyson.

3. Bent of mind; a feeling or natural impulse or natural impulse acting upon and swaying the mind; any emotion; as, the benevolent affections, esteem, gratitude, etc. ; the malevolent affections, hatred, envy, etc.; inclination; disposition; propensity; tendency.

Affection is applicable to an unpleasant as well as a pleasant state of the mind, when impressed by any object or quality. Cogan.

4. A settled good will; kind feeling; love; zealous or tender attachment; -- often in the pl. Formerly followed by to, but now more generally by for or towards; as, filial, social, or conjugal affections; to have an affection for or towards children.

All his affections are set on his own country. Macaulay.

5. Prejudice; bias. [Obs.] Bp. Aylmer.

6. (Med.) Disease; morbid symptom; malady; as, a pulmonary affection. Dunglison.

7. The lively representation of any emotion. Wotton.

8. Affectation. [Obs.] "Spruce affection." Shak.

9. Passion; violent emotion. [Obs.]

Most wretched man, That to affections does the bridle lend. Spenser.
Syn. -- Attachment; passion; tenderness; fondness; kindness; love; good will. See Attachment; Disease.

Affectional

Af*fec"tion*al (#), a. Of or pertaining to the affections; as, affectional impulses; an affectional nature.

Affectionate

Af*fec"tion*ate (#), a. [Cf. F. affectionn\'82.]

1. Having affection or warm regard; loving; fond; as, an affectionate brother.

2. Kindly inclined; zealous. [Obs.] Johson.

Man, in his love God, and desire to please him, can never be too affectionate. Sprat.

3. Proceeding from affection; indicating love; tender; as, the affectionate care of a parent; affectionate countenance, message, language.

4. Strongly inclined; -- with to. [Obs.] Bacon. Syn. -- Tender; attached; loving; devoted; warm; fond; earnest; ardent.

Affectionated

Af*fec"tion*a`ted, a. Disposed; inclined. [Obs.]
Affectionated to the people. Holinshed.

Affectionately

Af*fec"tion*ate*ly, adv. With affection; lovingly; fondly; tenderly; kindly.

Affectionateness

Af*fec"tion*ate*ness, n. The quality of being affectionate; fondness; affection.

Affectioned

Af*fec"tioned (#), a.

1. Disposed. [Archaic]

Be kindly affectioned one to another. Rom. xii. 10.

2. Affected; conceited. [Obs.] Shak.

Affective

Af*fec"tive (#), a. [Cf. F. affectif.]

1. Tending to affect; affecting. [Obs.] Burnet.

2. Pertaining to or exciting emotion; affectional; emotional. Rogers.

Affectively

Af*fec"tive*ly, adv. In an affective manner; impressively; emotionally.

Affectuous

Af*fec"tu*ous (?; 135), a. [L. affectuous: cf. F. affectueux. See Affect.] Full of passion or emotion; earnest. [Obs.] -- Af*fec"tu*ous*ly, adv. [Obs.] Fabyan.

Affeer

Af*feer" (#), v. t. [OF. aforer, afeurer, to tax, appraise, assess, fr. L. ad + forum market, court of justice, in LL. also meaning pri.]

1. To confirm; to assure. [Obs.] "The title is affeered." Shak.

2. (Old Law) To assess or reduce, as an arbitrary penalty or amercement, to a certain and reasonable sum.

Amercements . . . were affeered by the judges. Blackstone.

Affeerer, Affeeror

Af*feer"er (#), Af*feer"or (#), n. [OF. aforeur, LL. afforator.] (Old Law) One who affeers. Cowell.

Affeerment

Af*feer"ment (#), n. [Cf. OF. aforement.] (Old Law) The act of affeering. Blackstone.

Afferent

Af"fer*ent (#), a. [L. afferens, p. pr. of afferre; ad + ferre to bear.] (Physiol.) Bearing or conducting inwards to a part or organ; -- opposed to efferent; as, afferent vessels; afferent nerves, which convey sensations from the external organs to the brain.

Affettuoso

Af*fet`tu*o"so (#), adv. [It.] (Mus.) With feeling.

Affiance

Af*fi"ance (#), n. [OE. afiaunce trust, confidence, OF. afiance, fr. afier to trust, fr. LL. affidare to trust; ad + fidare to trust, fr. L. fides faith. See Faith, and cf. Affidavit, Affy, Confidence.]

1. Plighted faith; marriage contract or promise.

2. Trust; reliance; faith; confidence.

Such feelings promptly yielded to his habitual affiance in the divine love. Sir J. Stephen.
Lancelot, my Lancelot, thou in whom I have Most joy and most affiance. Tennyson.

Affiance

Af*fi"ance, v. t. [imp. Affianced (#); p. pr. Affiancing (#).] [Cf. OF. afiancier, fr. afiance.]

1. To betroth; to pledge one's faith to for marriage, or solemnly promise (one's self or another) in marriage.

To me, sad maid, he was affianced. Spenser.

2. To assure by promise. [Obs.] Pope.

Affiancer

Af*fi"an*cer (#), n. One who makes a contract of marriage between two persons.

Affiant

Af*fi"ant (#), n. [From p. pr. of OF. afier, LL. affidare. See Affidavit.] (Law) One who makes an affidavit. [U. S.] Burrill. Syn. -- Deponent. See Deponent.

Affidavit

Af`fi*da"vit (#), n. [LL. affidavit he has made oath, perfect tense of affidare. See Affiance, Affy.] (Law) A sworn statement in writing; a declaration in writing, signed and made upon oath before an authorized magistrate. Bouvier. Burrill. &hand; It is always made ex parte, and without cross-examination, and in this differs from a deposition. It is also applied to written statements made on affirmation. Syn. -- Deposition. See Deposition.

Affile

Af*file" (#), v. t. [OF. afiler, F. affiler, to sharpen; a (L. ad) + fil thread, edge.] To polish. [Obs.]

Affiliable

Af*fil"i*a*ble (#), a. Capable of being affiliated to or on, or connected with in origin.

Affiliate

Af*fil"i*ate (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affiliated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Affiliating (#).] [LL. adfiliare, affiliare, to adopt as son; ad + filius son: cf. F. affilier.]

1. To adopt; to receive into a family as a son; hence, to bring or receive into close connection; to ally.

Is the soul affiliated to God, or is it estranged and in rebellion? I. Taylor.

2. To fix the paternity of; -- said of an illegitimate child; as, to affiliate the child to (or on or upon) one man rather than another.

3. To connect in the way of descent; to trace origin to.

How do these facts tend to affiliate the faculty of hearing upon the aboriginal vegetative processes? H. Spencer.

4. To attach (to) or unite (with); to receive into a society as a member, and initiate into its mysteries, plans, etc.; -- followed by to or with. Affiliated societies, societies connected with a central society, or with each other.

Affiliate

Af*fil"i*ate, v. i. To connect or associate one's self; -- followed by with; as, they affiliate with no party.

Affiliation

Af*fil`i*a"tion (#), n. [F. affiliation, LL. affiliatio.]

1. Adoption; association or reception as a member in or of the same family or society.

2. (Law) The establishment or ascertaining of parentage; the assignment of a child, as a bastard, to its father; filiation.

3. Connection in the way of descent. H. Spencer.

Affinal

Af*fi"nal (#), a. [L. affinis.] Related by marriage; from the same source.

Affine

Af*fine" (#), v. t. [F. affiner to refine; (L. ad) + fin fine. See Fine.] To refine. [Obs.] Holland.

Affined

Af*fined" (#), a. [OF. afin\'82 related, p. p., fr. LL. affinare to join, fr. L. affinis neighboring, related to; ad + finis boundary, limit.] Joined in affinity or by any tie. [Obs.] "All affined and kin." Shak.

Affinitative

Af*fin"i*ta*tive (#), a. Of the nature of affinity. -- Af*fin"i*ta*tive*ly, adv.

Affinitive

Af*fin"i*tive, a. Closely connected, as by affinity.

Affinity

Af*fin"i*ty (#), n.; pl. Affinities(#). [OF. afinit\'82, F. affinit\'82, L. affinites, fr. affinis. See Affined.]

1. Relationship by marriage (as between a husband and his wife's blood relations, or between a wife and her husband's blood relations); -- in contradistinction to consanguinity, or relationship by blood; -- followed by with, to, or between.

Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh. 1 Kings iii. 1.

2. Kinship generally; close agreement; relation; conformity; resemblance; connection; as, the affinity of sounds, of colors, or of languages.

There is a close affinity between imposture and credulity. Sir G. C. Lewis.

2. Companionship; acquaintance. [Obs.]

About forty years past, I began a happy affinity with William Cranmer. Burton.

4. (Chem.) That attraction which takes place, at an insensible distance, between the heterogeneous particles of bodies, and unites them to form chemical compounds; chemism; chemical or elective affinity or attraction.

5. (Nat. Hist.) A relation between species or highe

6. (Spiritualism) A superior spiritual relationship or attraction held to exist sometimes between persons, esp. persons of the opposite sex; also, the man or woman who exerts such psychical or spiritual attraction.

Affirm

Af*firm" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affirmed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Affirming.] [OE. affermen, OF. afermer, F. affirmer, affermir, fr. L. affirmare; ad + firmare to make firm, firmus firm. See Firm.]

1. To make firm; to confirm, or ratify; esp. (Law), to assert or confirm, as a judgment, decree, or order, brought before an appelate court for review.

2. To assert positively; to tell with confidence; to aver; to maintain as true; -- opposed to deny.

Jesus, . . . whom Paul affirmed to be alive. Acts xxv. 19.

3. (Law) To declare, as a fact, solemnly, under judicial sanction. See Affirmation, 4. Syn. -- To assert; aver; declare; asseverate; assure; pronounce; protest; avouch; confirm; establish; ratify. -- To Affirm, Asseverate, Aver, Protest. We affirm when we declare a thing as a fact or a proposition. We asseverate it in a peculiarly earnest manner, or with increased positiveness as what can not be disputed. We aver it, or formally declare it to be true, when we have positive knowledge of it. We protest in a more public manner and with the energy of perfect sincerity. People asseverate in order to produce a conviction of their veracity; they aver when they are peculiarly desirous to be believed; they protest when they wish to free themselves from imputations, or to produce a conviction of their innocence.

Affirm

Af*firm", v. i.

1. To declare or assert positively.

Not that I so affirm, though so it seem To thee, who hast thy dwelling here on earth. Milton.

2. (Law) To make a solemn declaration, before an authorized magistrate or tribunal, under the penalties of perjury; to testify by affirmation.

Affirmable

Af*firm"a*ble (#), a. Capable of being affirmed, asserted, or declared; -- followed by of; as, an attribute affirmable of every just man.

Affirmance

Af*firm"ance (#), n. [Cf. OF. afermance.]

1. Confirmation; ratification; confirmation of a voidable act.

This statute . . . in affirmance of the common law. Bacon.

2. A strong declaration; affirmation. Cowper.


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Affirmant

Af*firm"ant (#), n. [L. affirmans, -antis, p. pr. See Affirm.]

1. One who affirms or asserts.

2. (Law) One who affirms of taking an oath.

Affirmation

Af`fir*ma"tion (#), n. [L. affirmatio: cf. F. affirmation.]

1. Confirmation of anything established; ratification; as, the affirmation of a law. Hooker.

2. The act of affirming or asserting as true; assertion; -- opposed to negation or denial.

3. That which is asserted; an assertion; a positive as, an affirmation, by the vender, of title to property sold, or of its quality.

4. (Law) A solemn declaration made under the penalties of perjury, by persons who conscientiously decline taking an oath, which declaration is in law equivalent to an oath. Bouvier.

Affirmative

Af*firm"a*tive (#), a. [L. affirmativus: cf. F. affirmatif.]

1. Confirmative; ratifying; as, an act affirmative of common law.

2. That affirms; asserting that the fact is so; declaratory of what exists; answering "yes" to a question; -- opposed to negative; as, an affirmative answer; an affirmative vote.

3. Positive; dogmatic. [Obs.] J. Taylor.

Lysicles was a little by the affirmative air of Crito. Berkeley.

4. (logic) Expressing the agreement of the two terms of a proposition.

5. (Alg.) Positive; -- a term applied to quantities which are to be added, and opposed to negative, or such as are to be subtracted.

Affirmative

Af*firm"a*tive, n.

1. That which affirms as opposed to that which denies; an affirmative proposition; that side of question which affirms or maintains the proposition stated; -- opposed to negative; as, there were forty votes in the affirmative, and ten in the negative.

Whether there are such beings or not, 't is sufficient for my purpose that many have believed the affirmative. Dryden.

2. A word or phrase expressing affirmation or assent; as, yes, that is so, etc.

Affirmatively

Af*firm"a*tive*ly, adv. In an affirmative manner; on the affirmative side of a question; in the affirmative; -- opposed to negatively.

Affirmatory

Af*firm"a*to*ry (#), a. Giving affirmation; assertive; affirmative. Massey.

Affirmer

Af*firm"er (#), n. One who affirms.

Affix

Af*fix" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affixed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Affixing.] [LL. affixare, L. affixus, p. p. of affigere to fasten to; ad + figere to fasten: cf. OE. affichen, F. afficher, ultimately fr. L. affigere. See Fix.]

1. To subjoin, annex, or add at the close or end; to append to; to fix to any part of; as, to affix a syllable to a word; to affix a seal to an instrument; to affix one's name to a writing.

2. To fix or fasten in any way; to attach physically.

Should they [caterpillars] affix them to the leaves of a plant improper for their food. Ray.

3. To attach, unite, or connect with; as, names affixed to ideas, or ideas affixed to things; to affix a stigma to a person; to affix ridicule or blame to any one.

4. To fix or fasten figuratively; -- with on or upon; as, eyes affixed upon the ground. [Obs.] Spenser. Syn. -- To attach; subjoin; connect; annex; unite.

Affix

Af"fix (#), n.; pl. Affixes (#). [L. affixus, p. p. of affigere: cf. F. affixe.] That which is affixed; an appendage; esp. one or more letters or syllables added at the end of a word; a suffix; a postfix.

Affixion

Af*fix"ion (#), n. [L. affixio, fr. affigere.] Affixture. [Obs.] T. Adams.

Affixture

Af*fix"ture (?; 135), n. The act of affixing, or the state of being affixed; attachment.

Afflation

Af*fla"tion (#), n. [L. afflatus, p. p. of afflare to blow or breathe on; ad + flare to blow.] A blowing or breathing on; inspiration.

Afflatus

Af*fla"tus (#), n. [L., fr. afflare. See Afflation.]

1. A breath or blast of wind.

2. A divine impartation of knowledge; supernatural impulse; inspiration.

A poet writing against his genius will be like a prophet without his afflatus. Spence.

Afflict

Af*flict" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Afflicted; p. pr. & vb. n. Afflicting.] [L. afflictus, p. p. of affigere to cast down, deject; ad + fligere to strike: cf. OF. aflit, afflict, p. p. Cf. Flagellate.]

1. To strike or cast down; to overthrow. [Obs.] "Reassembling our afflicted powers." Milton.

2. To inflict some great injury or hurt upon, causing continued pain or mental distress; to trouble grievously; to torment.

They did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. Exod. i. 11.
That which was the worst now least afflicts me. Milton.

3. To make low or humble. [Obs.] Spenser.

Men are apt to prefer a prosperous error before an afflicted truth. Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- To trouble; grieve; pain; distress; harass; torment; wound; hurt.

Afflict

Af*flict", p. p. & a. [L. afflictus, p. p.] Afflicted. [Obs.] Becon.

Afflictedness

Af*flict"ed*ness, n. The state of being afflicted; affliction. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Afflicter

Af*flict"er (#), n. One who afflicts.

Afflicting

Af*flict"ing, a. Grievously painful; distressing; afflictive; as, an afflicting event. -- Af*flict"ing*ly, adv.

Affliction

Af*flic"tion (#), n. [F. affliction, L. afflictio, fr. affligere.]

1. The cause of continued pain of body or mind, as sickness, losses, etc.; an instance of grievous distress; a pain or grief.

To repay that money will be a biting affliction. Shak.

2. The state of being afflicted; a state of pain, distress, or grief.

Some virtues are seen only in affliction. Addison.
Syn. -- Calamity; sorrow; distress; grief; pain; adversity; misery; wretchedness; misfortune; trouble; hardship. -- Affliction, Sorrow, Grief, Distress. Affliction and sorrow are terms of wide and general application; grief and distress have reference to particular cases. Affliction is the stronger term. The suffering lies deeper in the soul, and usually arises from some powerful cause, such as the loss of what is most dear -- friends, health, etc. We do not speak of mere sickness or pain as "an affliction," though one who suffers from either is said to be afflicted; but deprivations of every kind, such as deafness, blindness, loss of limbs, etc., are called afflictions, showing that term applies particularly to prolonged sources of suffering. Sorrow and grief are much alike in meaning, but grief is the stronger term of the two, usually denoting poignant mental suffering for some definite cause, as, grief for the death of a dear friend; sorrow is more reflective, and is tinged with regret, as, the misconduct of a child is looked upon with sorrow. Grief is often violent and demonstrative; sorrow deep and brooding. Distress implies extreme suffering, either bodily or mental. In its higher stages, it denotes pain of a restless, agitating kind, and almost always supposes some struggle of mind or body. Affliction is allayed, grief subsides, sorrow is soothed, distress is mitigated.

Afflictionless

Af*flic"tion*less (#), a. Free from affliction.

Afflictive

Af*flic"tive (#), a. [Cf. F. afflictif.] Giving pain; causing continued or repeated pain or grief; distressing. "Jove's afflictive hand." Pope.
Spreads slow disease, and darts afflictive pain. Prior.

Afflictively

Af*flic"tive*ly, adv. In an afflictive manner.

Affluence

Af"flu*ence (#), n. [F. affluence, L. affluentia, fr. affluens, p. pr. of affluere to flow to; ad + fluere to flow. See Flux.]

1. A flowing to or towards; a concourse; an influx.

The affluence of young nobles from hence into Spain. Wotton.
There is an unusual affluence of strangers this year. Carlyle.

2. An abundant supply, as of thought, words, feelings, etc.; profusion; also, abundance of property; wealth.

And old age of elegance, affluence, and ease. Coldsmith.
Syn. -- Abundance; riches; profusion; exuberance; plenty; wealth; opulence.

Affluency

Af"flu*en*cy (#), n. Affluence. [Obs.] Addison.

Affluent

Af"flu*ent (#), a. [Cf. F. affluent, L. affluens, -entis, p. pr. See Affluence.]

1. Flowing to; flowing abundantly. "Affluent blood." Harvey.

2. Abundant; copious; plenteous; hence, wealthy; abounding in goods or riches.

Language . . . affluent in expression. H. Reed.
Loaded and blest with all the affluent store, Which human vows at smoking shrines implore. Prior.

Affluent

Af"flu*ent, n. A stream or river flowing into a larger river or into a lake; a tributary stream.

Affluently

Af"flu*ent*ly, adv. Abundantly; copiously.

Affluentness

Af*flu*ent*ness, n. Great plenty. [R.]

Afflux

Af"flux` (#), n. [L. affluxum, p. p. of affluere: cf. F. afflux. See Affluence.] A flowing towards; that which flows to; as, an afflux of blood to the head.

Affluxion

Af*flux"ion (#), n. The act of flowing towards; afflux. Sir T. Browne.

Affodill

Af"fo*dill (#), n. Asphodel. [Obs.]

Afforce

Af*force" (#), v. t. [OF. afforcier, LL. affortiare; ad + fortiare, fr. L. fortis strong.] To re\'89nforce; to strengthen. Hallam.

Afforcement

Af*force"ment (#), n. [OF.]

1. A fortress; a fortification for defense. [Obs.] Bailey.

2. A re\'89nforcement; a strengthening. Hallam.

Afforciament

Af*for"ci*a*ment (#), n. See Afforcement. [Obs.]

Afford

Af*ford" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Afforded; p. pr. & vb. n. Affording.] [OE. aforthen, AS. gefor, for, to further, accomplish, afford, fr. for forth, forward. The prefix ge- has no well defined sense. See Forth.]

1. To give forth; to supply, yield, or produce as the natural result, fruit, or issue; as, grapes afford wine; olives afford oil; the earth affords fruit; the sea affords an abundant supply of fish.

2. To give, grant, or confer, with a remoter reference to its being the natural result; to provide; to furnish; as, a good life affords consolation in old age.

His tuneful Muse affords the sweetest numbers. Addison.
The quiet lanes . . . afford calmer retreats. Gilpin.

3. To offer, provide, or supply, as in selling, granting, expending, with profit, or without loss or too great injury; as, A affords his goods cheaper than B; a man can afford a sum yearly in charity.

4. To incur, stand, or bear without serious detriment, as an act which might under other circumstances be injurious; -- with an auxiliary, as can, could, might, etc.; to be able or rich enough.

The merchant can afford to trade for smaller profits. Hamilton.
He could afford to suffer With those whom he saw suffer. Wordsworth.

Affordable

Af*ford"a*ble (#), a. That may be afforded.

Affordment

Af*ford"ment (#), n. Anything given as a help; bestowal. [Obs.]

Afforest

Af*for"est (#), v. t. [LL. afforestare; ad + forestare. See Forest.] To convert into a forest; as, to afforest a tract of country.

Afforestation

Af*for`es*ta"tion (#), n. The act of converting into forest or woodland. Blackstone.

Afformative

Af*form"a*tive (#), n. An affix.

Affranchise

Af*fran"chise (#), v. t. [F. affranchir; (L. ad) + franc free. See Franchise and Frank.] To make free; to enfranchise. Johnson.

Affranchisement

Af*fran"chise*ment (#), n. [Cf. F. affranchissement.] The act of making free; enfranchisement. [R.]

Affrap

Af*frap" (#), v. t. & i. [Cf. It. affrappare, frappare, to cut, mince, F. frapper to strike. See Frap.] To strike, or strike down. [Obs.] Spenser.

Affray

Af*fray" (#), v. t. [p. p. Affrayed.] [OE. afraien, affraien, OF. effreer, esfreer, F. effrayer, orig. to disquiet, put out of peace, fr. L. ex + OHG. fridu peace (akin to E. free). Cf. Afraid, Fray, Frith inclosure.] [Archaic]

1. To startle from quiet; to alarm.

Smale foules a great heap That had afrayed [affrayed] me out of my sleep. Chaucer.

2. To frighten; to scare; to frighten away.

That voice doth us affray. Shak.

Affray

Af*fray" (#), n. [OE. afrai, affrai, OF. esfrei, F. effroi, fr. OF. esfreer. See Affray, v. t.]

1. The act of suddenly disturbing any one; an assault or attack. [Obs.]

2. Alarm; terror; fright. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. A tumultuous assault or quarrel; a brawl; a fray. "In the very midst of the affray." Motley.

4. (Law) The fighting of two or more persons, in a public place, to the terror of others. Blackstone. &hand; A fighting in private is not, in a legal sense, an affray. Syn. -- Quarrel; brawl; scuffle; encounter; fight; contest; feud; tumult; disturbance.

Affrayer

Af*fray"er (#), n. One engaged in an affray.

Affrayment

Af*fray"ment (#), n. Affray. [Obs.] Spenser.

Affreight

Af*freight" (#), v. t. [Pref. ad- + freight: cf. F. affr\'82ter. See Freight.] To hire, as a ship, for the transportation of goods or freight.

Affreighter

Af*freight"er (#), n. One who hires or charters a ship to convey goods.

Affreightment

Af*freight"ment (#), n. [Cf. F. affr\'82tement.] The act of hiring, or the contract for the use of, a vessel, or some part of it, to convey cargo.

Affret

Af*fret" (#), n. [Cf. It. affrettare to hasten, fretta haste.] A furious onset or attack. [Obs.] Spenser.

Affriction

Af*fric"tion (#), n. [L. affricare to rub on. See Friction.] The act of rubbing against. [Obs.]

Affriended

Af*friend"ed (#), p. p. Made friends; reconciled. [Obs.] "Deadly foes . . . affriended." Spenser.

Affright

Af*fright" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affrighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Affrighting.] [Orig. p. p.; OE. afright, AS. \'befyrhtan to terrify; \'be- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning out) + fyrhto fright. See Fright.] To impress with sudden fear; to frighten; to alarm.
Dreams affright our souls. Shak.
A drear and dying sound Affrights the flamens at their service quaint. Milton.
Syn. -- To terrify; frighten; alarm; dismay; appall; scare; startle; daunt; intimidate.

Affright

Af*fright", p. a. Affrighted. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Affright

Af*fright", n.

1. Sudden and great fear; terror. It expresses a stronger impression than fear, or apprehension, perhaps less than terror.

He looks behind him with affright, and forward with despair. Goldsmith.

2. The act of frightening; also, a cause of terror; an object of dread. B. Jonson.

Affrightedly

Af*fright"ed*ly, adv. With fright. Drayton.

Affrighten

Af*fright"en (#), v. t. To frighten. [Archaic] "Fit tales . . . to affrighten babes." Southey.

Affrighter

Af*fright"er (#), n. One who frightens. [Archaic]

Affrightful

Af*fright"ful (#), a. Terrifying; frightful. -- Af*fright"ful*ly, adv. [Archaic]
Bugbears or affrightful apparitions. Cudworth.

Affrightment

Af*fright"ment (#), n. Affright; the state of being frightened; sudden fear or alarm. [Archaic]
Passionate words or blows . . . fill the child's mind with terror and affrightment. Locke.

Affront

Af*front" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affronted; p. pr. & vb. n. Affronting.] [OF. afronter, F. affronter, to confront, LL. affrontare to strike against, fr. L. ad + frons forehead, front. See Front.]

1. To front; to face in position; to meet or encounter face to face. [Obs.]

All the sea-coasts do affront the Levant. Holland.
That he, as 't were by accident, may here Affront Ophelia. Shak.

2. To face in defiance; to confront; as, to confront; as, to affront death; hence, to meet in hostile encounter. [Archaic]

3. To offend by some manifestation of disrespect; to insult to the face by demeanor or language; to treat with marked incivility.

How can any one imagine that the fathers would have dared to affront the wife of Aurelius? Addison.
Syn. -- TO insult; abuse; outrage; wound; illtreat; slight; defy; offend; provoke; pique; nettle.

Affront

Af*front", n. [Cf. F. affront, fr. affronter.]

1. An encounter either friendly or hostile. [Obs.]

I walked about, admired of all, and dreaded On hostile ground, none daring my affront. Milton.

2. Contemptuous or rude treatment which excites or justifies resentment; marked disrespect; a purposed indignity; insult.

Offering an affront to our understanding. Addison.

3. An offense to one's self-respect; shame. Arbuthnot. Syn. -- Affront, Insult, Outrage. An affront is a designed mark of disrespect, usually in the presence of others. An insult is a personal attack either by words or actions, designed to humiliate or degrade. An outrage is an act of extreme and violent insult or abuse. An affront piques and mortifies; an insult irritates and provokes; an outrage wounds and injures.

Captious persons construe every innocent freedom into an affront. When people are in a state of animosity, they seek opportunities of offering each other insults. Intoxication or violent passion impels men to the commission of outrages. Crabb.

Affront\'82

Af*fron*t\'82" (#), a. [F. affront\'82, p. p.] (Her.) Face to face, or front to front; facing.

Affrontedly

Af*front"ed*ly (#), adv. Shamelessly. [Obs.] Bacon.

Affrontee

Af*fron*tee", n. One who receives an affront. Lytton.

Affronter

Af*front"er (#), n. One who affronts, or insults to the face.

Affrontingly

Af*front"ing*ly, adv. In an affronting manner.

Affrontive

Af*front"ive (#), a. Tending to affront or offend; offensive; abusive.
How affrontive it is to despise mercy. South.

Page 30

Affrontiveness

Af*front"ive*ness (#), n. The quality that gives an affront or offense. [R.] Bailey.

Affuse

Af*fuse" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affused (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Affusing (#).] [L. affusus, p. p. of affundere to pour to; ad + fundere. See Fuse.] To pour out or upon. [R.]
I first affused water upon the compressed beans. Boyle.

Affusion

Af*fu"sion (#), n. [Cf. F. affusion.] The act of pouring upon, or sprinkling with a liquid, as water upon a child in baptism. Specifically: (Med) The act of pouring water or other fluid on the whole or a part of the body, as a remedy in disease. Dunglison.

Affy

Af*fy" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affied (#); p. pr. Affying.] [OF. afier, LL. affidare. Cf. Affiance.]

1. To confide (one's self to, or in); to trust. [Obs.]

2. To betroth or espouse; to affiance. [Obs.] Shak.

3. To bind in faith. [Obs.] Bp. Montagu.

Affy

Af*fy", v. i. To trust or confide. [Obs.] Shak.

Afghan

Af"ghan (#), a. Of or pertaining to Afghanistan.

Afghan

Af"ghan, n.

1. A native of Afghanistan.

2. A kind of worsted blanket or wrap.

Afield

A*field" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + field.]

1. To, in, or on the field. "We drove afield." Milton.

How jocund did they drive their team afield! Gray.

2. Out of the way; astray.

Why should he wander afield at the age of fifty-five! Trollope.

Afire

A*fire" (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- + fire.] On fire.

Aflame

A*flame" (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- + flame.] Inflames; glowing with light or passion; ablaze. G. Eliot.

Aflat

A*flat" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + flat.] Level with the ground; flat. [Obs.] Bacon.

Aflaunt

A*flaunt" (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- + flaunt.] In a flaunting state or position. Copley.

Aflicker

A*flick"er (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- + flicker.] In a flickering state.

Afloat

A*float" (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- + float.]

1. Borne on the water; floating; on board ship.

On such a full sea are we now afloat. Shak.

2. Moving; passing from place to place; in general circulation; as, a rumor is afloat.

3. Unfixed; moving without guide or control; adrift; as, our affairs are all afloat.

Aflow

A*flow" (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- + flow.] Flowing.
Their founts aflow with tears. R. Browning.

Aflush

A*flush" (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- + flush, n.] In a flushed or blushing state.

Aflush

A*flush", adv. & a. [Pref. a- + flush, a.] On a level.
The bank is . . . aflush with the sea. Swinburne.

Aflutter

A*flut"ter (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- + flutter.] In a flutter; agitated.

Afoam

A*foam" (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- + foam.] In a foaming state; as, the sea is all afoam.

Afoot

A*foot" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + foot.]

1. On foot.

We 'll walk afoot a while. Shak.

2. Fig.: In motion; in action; astir; in progress.

The matter being afoot. Shak.

Afore

A*fore" (#), adv. [OE. afore, aforn, AS. onforan or \'91tforan; pref. a- + fore.]

1. Before. [Obs.]

If he have never drunk wine afore. Shak.

2. (Naut.) In the fore part of a vessel.

Afore

A*fore", prep.

1. Before (in all its senses). [Archaic]

2. (Naut.) Before; in front of; farther forward than; as, afore the windlass. Afore the mast, among the common sailors; -- a phrase used to distinguish the ship's crew from the officers.

Aforecited

A*fore"cit`ed (#), a. Named or quoted before.

Aforegoing

A*fore"go`ing (#), a. Go\'c6ng before; foregoing.

Aforehand

A*fore"hand` (#) adv. Beforehand; in anticipation. [Archaic or Dial.]
She is come aforehand to anoint my body. Mark xiv. 8.

Aforehand

A*fore"hand`, a. Prepared; previously provided; -- opposed to behindhand. [Archaic or Dial.]
Aforehand in all matters of power. Bacon.

Aforementioned

A*fore"men`tioned (#), a. Previously mentioned; before-mentioned. Addison.

Aforenamed

A*fore"named` (#), a. Named before. Peacham.

Aforesaid

A*fore"said` (#), a. Said before, or in a preceding part; already described or identified.

Aforethought

A*fore"thought` (#), a. Premeditated; prepense; previously in mind; designed; as, malice aforethought, which is required to constitute murder. Bouvier.

Aforethought

A*fore"thought`, n. Premeditation.

Aforetime

A*fore"time` (#), adv. In time past; formerly. "He prayed . . . as he did aforetime." Dan. vi. 10.

A fortiori

A for`ti*o"ri (#). [L.] (Logic & Math.) With stronger reason.

Afoul

A*foul" (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- + foul.] In collision; entangled. Totten. To run afoul of, to run against or come into collision with, especially so as to become entangled or to cause injury.

Afraid

A*fraid" (#), p. a. [OE. afrayed, affraide, p. p. of afraien to affray. See Affray, and cf. Afeard.] Impressed with fear or apprehension; in fear; apprehensive. [Afraid comes after the noun it limits.] "Back they recoiled, afraid." Milton. &hand; This word expresses a less degree of fear than terrified or frightened. It is followed by of before the object of fear, or by the infinitive, or by a dependent clause; as, to be afraid of death. "I am afraid to die." "I am afraid he will chastise me." "Be not afraid that I your hand should take." Shak. I am afraid is sometimes used colloquially to soften a statement; as, I am afraid I can not help you in this matter. Syn. -- Fearful; timid; timorous; alarmed; anxious.

Afreet

Af"reet (#), n. Same as Afrit.

Afresh

A*fresh" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + fresh.] Anew; again; once more; newly.
They crucify . . . the Son of God afresh. Heb. vi. 6.

Afric

Af"ric (#), a. African. -- n. Africa. [Poetic]

African

Af"ri*can (#), a. [L. Africus, Africanus, fr. Afer African.] Of or pertaining to Africa. African hemp, a fiber prerared from the leaves of the Sanseviera Guineensis, a plant found in Africa and India. -- African marigold, a tropical American plant (Tagetes erecta). -- African oak ∨ African teak, a timber furnished by Oldfieldia Africana, used in ship building. <-- African violet African-American, a United States citizen of African descent-->

African

Af"ri*can, n. A native of Africa; also one ethnologically belonging to an African race.

Africander

Af`ri*can"der (#), n. One born in Africa, the offspring of a white father and a "colored" mother. Also, and now commonly in Southern Africa, a native born of European settlers.

Africanism

Af"ri*can*ism (#), n. A word, phrase, idiom, or custom peculiar to Africa or Africans. "The knotty Africanisms . . . of the fathers." Milton.

Africanize

Af"ri*can*ize (#), v. t. To place under the domination of Africans or negroes. [Amer.] Bartlett.

Afrit, Afrite, Afreet

Af"rit (#), Af"rite(#), Af"reet
(#), n. [Arab. 'ifr\'c6t.] (Moham. Myth.) A powerful evil jinnee, demon, or monstrous giant.

Afront

A*front" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + front.] In front; face to face. -- prep. In front of. Shak.

Aft

Aft (#), adv. & a. [AS. \'91ftan behind; orig. superl. of of, off. See After.] (Naut.) Near or towards the stern of a vessel; astern; abaft.

After

Aft"er (#), a. [AS. \'91fter after, behind; akin to Goth. aftaro, aftra, backwards, Icel. aptr, Sw. and Dan. efter, OHG. aftar behind, Dutch and LG. achter, Gr. -ter is an old comparative suffix, in E. generally -ther (as in other), and after is a compar. of of, off. Of; cf. Aft.]

1. Next; later in time; subsequent; succeeding; as, an after period of life. Marshall. &hand; In this sense the word is sometimes needlessly combined with the following noun, by means of a hyphen, as, after-ages, after-act, after-days, after-life. For the most part the words are properly kept separate when after has this meaning.

2. Hinder; nearer the rear. (Naut.) To ward the stern of the ship; -- applied to any object in the rear part of a vessel; as the after cabin, after hatchway. It is often combined with its noun; as, after-bowlines, after-braces, after-sails, after-yards, those on the mainmasts and mizzenmasts. After body (Naut.), the part of a ship abaft the dead flat, or middle part.

After

Aft"er, prep.

1. Behind in place; as, men in line one after another. "Shut doors after you." Shak.

2. Below in rank; next to in order. Shak.

Codrus after PhDryden.

3. Later in time; subsequent; as, after supper, after three days. It often precedes a clause. Formerly that was interposed between it and the clause.

After I am risen again, I will go before you into Galilee. Matt. xxvi. 32.

4. Subsequent to and in consequence of; as, after what you have said, I shall be careful.

5. Subsequent to and notwithstanding; as, after all our advice, you took that course.

6. Moving toward from behind; following, in search of; in pursuit of.

Ye shall not go after other gods. Deut. vi. 14.
After whom is the king of Israel come out? 1 Sam. xxiv. 14.

7. Denoting the aim or object; concerning; in relation to; as, to look after workmen; to inquire after a friend; to thirst after righteousness.

8. In imitation of; in conformity with; after the manner of; as, to make a thing after a model; a picture after Rubens; the boy takes after his father. To name or call after, to name like and reference to.

Our eldest son was named George after his uncle. Goldsmith.

9. According to; in accordance with; in conformity with the nature of; as, he acted after his kind.

He shall not judge after the sight of his eyes. Isa. xi. 3.
They that are after the flesh do mind the things of the flesh. Rom. viii. 5.

10. According to the direction and influence of; in proportion to; befitting. [Archaic]

He takes greatness of kingdoms according to bulk and currency, and not after their intrinsic value. Bacon.
After all, when everything has been considered; upon the whole. -- After (with the same noun preceding and following), as, wave after wave, day after day, several or many (waves, etc.) successively. -- One after another, successively. -- To be after, to be in pursuit of in order to reach or get; as, he is after money.

After

Aft"er, adv. Subsequently in time or place; behind; afterward; as, he follows after.
It was about the space of three hours after. Acts. v. 7.
&hand; After is prefixed to many words, forming compounds, but retaining its usual signification. The prefix may be adverbial, prepositional, or adjectival; as in after- described, after-dinner, after-part. The hyphen is sometimes needlessly used to connect the adjective after with its noun. See Note under After, a., 1.

Afterbirth

Aft"er*birth` (#), n. (Med.) The placenta and membranes with which the fetus is connected, and which come away after delivery.

Aftercast

Aft"er*cast` (#), n. A throw of dice after the game in ended; hence, anything done too late. Gower.

Afterclap

Aft"er*clap` (#), n. An unexpected subsequent event; something disagreeable happening after an affair is supposed to be at an end. Spenser.

Aftercrop

Aft"er*crop` (#), n. A second crop or harvest in the same year. Mortimer.

After damp

Aft"er damp` (#). An irrespirable gas, remaining after an explosion of fire damp in mines; choke damp. See Carbonic acid.

After-dinner

Aft"er-din`ner(#), n. The time just after dinner. "An after-dinner's sleep." Shak. [Obs.] -- a. Following dinner; post-prandial; as, an after-dinner nap.

After-eatage

Aft"er-eat`age(#), n. Aftergrass.

Aftereye

Aft"er*eye` (#), v. t. To look after. [Poetic] Shak.

Aftergame

Aft"er*game` (#), n. A second game; hence, a subsequent scheme or expedient. Wotton. Aftergame at Irish, an ancient game very nearly resembling backgammon. Beau. & Fl.

After-glow

Aft"er-glow(#), n. A glow of refulgence in the western sky after sunset.

Aftergrass

Aft"er*grass` (#), n. The grass that grows after the first crop has been mown; aftermath.

Aftergrowth

Aft"er*growth` (#), n. A second growth or crop, or (metaphorically) development. J. S. Mill.

Afterguard

Aft"er*guard` (#), n. (Naut.) The seaman or seamen stationed on the poop or after part of the ship, to attend the after-sails. Totten.

After-image

Aft"er-im`age(#), n. The impression of a vivid sensation retained by the retina of the eye after the cause has been removed; also extended to impressions left of tones, smells, etc.

Afterings

Aft"er*ings (#), n. pl. The last milk drawn in milking; strokings. [Obs.] Grose.

Aftermath

Aft"er*math (#), n. [After + math. See Math.] A second moving; the grass which grows after the first crop of hay in the same season; rowen. Holland.

After-mentioned

Aft"er-men`tioned(#), a. Mentioned afterwards; as, persons after-mentioned (in a writing).

Aftermost

Aft"er*most (#), a. superl. [OE. eftemest, AS. \'91ftemest,akin to Gothic aftumist and aftuma, the last, orig. a superlative of of, with the superlative endings -te, -me, -st.]

1. Hindmost; -- opposed to foremost.

2. (Naut.) Nearest the stern; most aft.

Afternoon

Aft"er*noon" (#), n. The part of the day which follows noon, between noon and evening.

After-note

Aft"er-note`(#), n. (Mus.) One of the small notes occur on the unaccented parts of the measure, taking their time from the preceding note.

Afterpains

Aft"er*pains` (#), n. pl. (Med.) The pains which succeed childbirth, as in expelling the afterbirth.

Afterpiece

Aft"er*piece` (#), n.

1. A piece performed after a play, usually a farce or other small entertainment.

2. (Naut.) The heel of a rudder.

After-sails

Aft"er-sails`(#), n. pl. (Naut.) The sails on the mizzenmast, or on the stays between the mainmast and mizzenmast. Totten.

Aftershaft

Aft"er*shaft` (#), n. (Zo\'94l.) The hypoptilum.

Aftertaste

Aft"er*taste` (#), n. A taste which remains in the mouth after eating or drinking.

Afterthought

Aft"er*thought` (#), n. Reflection after an act; later or subsequent thought or expedient.

Afterwards, Afterward

Aft"er*wards (#), Aft"er*ward (#), adv. [AS. \'91fteweard, a., behind. See Aft, and -ward (suffix). The final s in afterwards is adverbial, orig. a genitive ending.] At a later or succeeding time.

Afterwise

Aft"er*wise` (#), a. Wise after the event; wise or knowing, when it is too late.

After-wit

Aft"er-wit` (#), n. Wisdom or perception that comes after it can be of use. "After-wit comes too late when the mischief is done." L'Estrange.

After-witted

Aft"er-wit`ted (#), a. Characterized by afterwit; slow-witted. Tyndale.

Aftmost

Aft"most (#), a. (Naut.) Nearest the stern.

Aftward

Aft"ward (#), adv. (Naut.) Toward the stern.

Aga or Agha

A*ga" or A*gha" (#)
, n. [Turk. adh\'be a great lord, chief master.] In Turkey, a commander or chief officer. It is used also as a title of respect.

Again

A*gain" (?; 277), adv. [OE. agein, agayn, AS. ongegn, onge\'a0n, against, again; on + ge\'a0n, akin to Ger. gegewn against, Icel. gegn. Cf. Gainsay.]

1. In return, back; as, bring us word again.

2. Another time; once more; anew.

If a man die, shall he live again? Job xiv. 14.

3. Once repeated; -- of quantity; as, as large again, half as much again.

4. In any other place. [Archaic] Bacon.

5. On the other hand. "The one is my sovereign . . . the other again is my kinsman." Shak.

6. Moreover; besides; further.

Again, it is of great consequence to avoid, etc. Hersche
Again and again, more than once; often; repeatedly. -- Now and again, now and then; occasionally. -- To and again, to and fro. [Obs.] De Foe. &hand; Again was formerly used in many verbal combinations, as, again-witness, to witness against; again-ride, to ride against; again-come, to come against, to encounter; again-bring, to bring back, etc.

Again, Agains

A*gain" (#), A*gains" (#), prep. Against; also, towards (in order to meet). [Obs.]
Albeit that it is again his kind. Chaucer.

Againbuy

A*gain"buy` (#), v. t. To redeem. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Againsay

A*gain"say` (#), v. t. To gainsay. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Against

A*gainst" (?; 277), prep. [OE. agens, ageynes, AS. ongegn. The s is adverbial, orig. a genitive ending. See Again.]

1. Abreast; opposite to; facing; towards; as, against the mouth of a river; -- in this sense often preceded by over.

Jacob saw the angels of God come against him. Tyndale.

2. From an opposite direction so as to strike or come in contact with; in contact with; upon; as, hail beats against the roof.

3. In opposition to, whether the opposition is of sentiment or of action; on the other side; counter to; in contrariety to; hence, adverse to; as, against reason; against law; to run a race against time.

The gate would have been shut against her. Fielding.
An argument against the use of steam. Tyndale.

4. By of before the time that; in preparation for; so as to be ready for the time when. [Archaic or Dial.]

Urijah the priest made it, against King Ahaz came from Damascus. 2 Kings xvi. 11.
Against the sun, in a direction contrary to that in which the sun appears to move.

Againstand

A*gain"stand` (#), v. t. To withstand. [Obs.]

Againward

A*gain"ward (#), adv. Back again. [Obs.]
Page 31

Agalactia, Agalaxy

Ag`a*lac"ti*a (#), Ag"a*lax`y (#), n. [Gr. (Med.) Failure of the due secretion of milk after childbirth.

Agalactous

Ag`a*lac"tous (#), a. Lacking milk to suckle with.

Agal-agal

A`gal-a"gal (#), n. Same as Agar-agar.

Agalloch, Agallochum

Ag"al*loch (#), A*gal"lo*chum (#), n. [Gr. aguru, Heb. pl. ah\'bel\'c6m.] A soft, resinous wood (Aquilaria Agallocha) of highly aromatic smell, burnt by the orientals as a perfume. It is called also agalwood and aloes wood. The name is also given to some other species.

Agalmatolite

Ag`al*mat"o*lite (#), n. [Gr. -lite: cf. F. agalmatolithe.] (Min.) A soft, compact stone, of a grayish, greenish, or yellowish color, carved into images by the Chinese, and hence called figure stone, and pagodite. It is probably a variety of pinite.

Agama

Ag"a*ma (#), n.; pl. Agamas (#). [From the Caribbean name of a species of lizard.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of lizards, one of the few which feed upon vegetable substances; also, one of these lizards.

Agami

Ag"a*mi (#), n.; pl. Agamis (#). [F. agex>, fr. the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A South American bird (Psophia crepitans), allied to the cranes, and easily domesticated; -- called also the gold-breasted trumpeter. Its body is about the size of the pheasant. See Trumpeter.

Agamic

A*gam"ic (#), a. [Agamous.] (a) (Biol.) Produced without sexual union; as, agamic or unfertilized eggs. (b) Not having visible organs of reproduction, as flowerless plants; agamous.

Agamically

A*gam"ic*al*ly (#), adv. In an agamic manner.

Agamist

Ag"a*mist (#), n. [See Agamous.] An unmarried person; also, one opposed to marriage. Foxe.

Agamogenesis

Ag`a*mo*gen"e*sis (#), n. [Gr. (Biol.) Reproduction without the union of parents of distinct sexes: asexual reproduction.

Agamogenetic

Ag`a*mo*ge*net"ic (#), n. (Biol.) Reproducing or produced without sexual union. -- Ag`a*mo*ge*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv.
All known agamogenetic processes end in a complete return to the primitive stock. Huxley.

Agamous

Ag"a*mous (#), a. [Gr. (Biol.) Having no visible sexual organs; asexual. In Bo>., cryptogamous.

Aganglionic

A*gan`gli*o"nic (#), a. [Pref. a- not + ganglionic.] (Physiol.) Without ganglia.

Agape

A*gape" (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- + gape.] Gaping, as with wonder, expectation, or eager attention.
Dazzles the crowd and sets them all agape. Milton.

Agape

Ag"a*pe (#), n.; pl. Agap\'91 (#). [Gr. The love feast of the primitive Christians, being a meal partaken of in connection with the communion.

Agar-agar

A`gar-a"gar (#), n. [Ceylonese local name.] A fucus or seaweed much used in the East for soups and jellies; Ceylon moss (Gracilaria lichenoides).

Agaric

Ag"a*ric (?; 277), n. [L. agaricum, Gr. Agara, a town in Sarmatia.]

1. (Bot.) A fungus of the genus Ag/xex>, of many species, of which the common mushroom is an example.

2. An old name for severwal species of Polyporus, corky fungi growing on decaying wood. &hand; The "female agaric" (Polyporus officinalic) was renowned as a cathartic; the "male agaric" (Polyporus igniarius) is used for preparing touchwood, called punk of German tinder. Agaric mineral, a light, chalky deposit of carbonate of lime, sometimes called rock milk, formed in caverns or fissures of limestone.

Agasp

A*gasp" (#), adv. & a. [. a- + gasp.] In a state of gasping. Coleridge.

Agast or Aghast

A*gast" or A*ghast"
(#), v. t. To affright; to terrify. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser.

Agast

A*gast" (#), p. p. & a. See Aghast.

Agastric

A*gas"tric (#), a. [Gr. (Physiol.) Having to stomach, or distinct digestive canal, as the tapeworm.

Agate

A*gate" (#), adv. [Pref. a- on + gate way.] On the way; agoing; as, to be agate; to set the bells agate. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Agate

Ag"ate (#), n. [F. agate, It. agata, L. achates, fr. Gr.

1. (Min.) A semipellucid, uncrystallized variety of quartz, presenting various tints in the same specimen. Its colors are delicately arranged in stripes or bands, or blended in clouds. &hand; The fortification agate, or Scotch pebble, the moss agate, the clouded agate, etc., are familiar varieties.

2. (Print.) A kind of type, larger than pearl and smaller than nonpareil; in England called ruby. &hand; This line is printed in the type called agate.

3. A diminutive person; so called in allusion to the small figures cut in agate for rings and seals. [Obs.] Shak.

4. A tool used by gold-wire drawers, bookbinders, etc.; -- so called from the agate fixed in it for burnishing.

Agatiferous

Ag`a*tif"er*ous (#), a. [Agate + -ferous.] Containing or producing agates. Craig.

Agatine

Ag"a*tine (#), a. Pertaining to, or like, agate.

Agatize

Ag"a*tize (#), v. t. [Usually p. p. Agatized(#).] To convert into agate; to make resemble agate. Dana.

Agaty

Ag"a*ty (#), a. Of the nature of agate, or containing agate.

Agave

A*ga"ve (#), n. [L. Agave, prop. name, fr. Gr. (bot.) A genus of plants (order Amaryllidace\'91) of which the chief species is the maguey or century plant (A. Americana), wrongly called Aloe. It is from ten to seventy years, according to climate, in attaining maturity, when it produces a gigantic flower stem, sometimes forty feet in height, and perishes. The fermented juice is the pulque of the Mexicans; distilled, it yields mescal. A strong thread and a tough paper are made from the leaves, and the wood has many uses.

Agazed

A*gazed" (#), p. p. [Only in p. p.; another spelling for aghast.] Gazing with astonishment; amazed. [Obs.]
The whole army stood agazed on him. Shak.

Age

Age (#), n. [OF. aage, eage, F. \'83ge, fr. L. aetas through a supposed LL. aetaticum. L. aetas is contracted fr. aevitas, fr. aevum lifetime, age; akin to E. aye ever. Cf. Each.]

1. The whole duration of a being, whether animal, vegetable, or other kind; lifetime.

Mine age is as nothing before thee. Ps. xxxix. 5.

2. That part of the duration of a being or a thing which is between its beginning and any given time; as, what is the present age of a man, or of the earth?

3. The latter part of life; an advanced period of life; seniority; state of being old.

Nor wrong mine age with this indignity. Shak.

4. One of the stages of life; as, the age of infancy, of youth, etc. Shak.

5. Mature age; especially, the time of life at which one attains full personal rights and capacities; as, to come of age; he (or she) is of age. Abbott. In the United States, both males and females are of age when twenty-one years old.

6. The time of life at which some particular power or capacity is understood to become vested; as, the age of consent; the age of discretion. Abbott.

7. A particular period of time in history, as distinguished from others; as, the golden age, the age of Pericles. "The spirit of the age." Prescott.

Truth, in some age or other, will find her witness. Milton.
Archeological ages are designated as three: The Stone age (the early and the later stone age, called paleolithic and neolithic), the Bronze age, and the Iron age. During the Age of Stone man is supposed to have employed stone for weapons and implements. See Augustan, Brazen, Golden, Heroic, Middle.

8. A great period in the history of the Earth. The geologic ages are as follows: 1. The Arch\'91an, including the time when was no life and the time of the earliest and simplest forms of life. 2. The age of Invertebrates, or the Silurian, when the life on the globe consisted distinctively of invertebrates. 3. The age of Fishes, or the Devonian, when fishes were the dominant race. 4. The age of Coal Plants, or Acrogens, or the Carboniferous age. 5. The Mesozoic or Secondary age, or age of Reptiles, when reptiles prevailed in great numbers and of vast size. 6. The Tertiary age, or age of Mammals, when the mammalia, or quadrupeds, abounded, and were the dominant race. 7. The Quaternary age, or age of Man, or the modern era. Dana.

9. A century; the period of one hundred years.

Fleury . . . apologizes for these five ages. Hallam.

10. The people who live at a particular period; hence, a generation. "Ages yet unborn." Pope.

The way which the age follows. J. H. Newman.
Lo! where the stage, the poor, degraded stage, Holds its warped mirror to a gaping age. C. Sprague.

11. A long time. [Colloq.] "He made minutes an age." Tennyson. Age of a tide, the time from the origin of a tide in the South Pacific Ocean to its arrival at a given place. -- Moon's age, the time that has elapsed since the last preceding conjunction of the sun and moon. &hand; Age is used to form the first part of many compounds; as, agelasting, age-adorning, age-worn, age-enfeebled, agelong. Syn. -- Time; period; generation; date; era; epoch.

Age

Age, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Aged (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Aging (#).] To grow aged; to become old; to show marks of age; as, he grew fat as he aged.
They live one hundred and thirty years, and never age for all that. Holland.
I am aging; that is, I have a whitish, or rather a light-colored, hair here and there. Landor.

Age

Age, v. t. To cause to grow old; to impart the characteristics of age to; as, grief ages us.

Aged

A"ged (#), a.

1. Old; having lived long; having lived almost to or beyond the usual time allotted to that species of being; as, an aged man; an aged oak.

2. Belonging to old age. "Aged cramps." Shak.

3. (#) Having a certain age; at the age of; having lived; as, a man aged forty years.

Agedly

A"ged*ly, adv. In the manner of an aged person.

Agedness

A"ged*ness, n. The quality of being aged; oldness.
Custom without truth is but agedness of error. Milton.

Ageless

Age"less (#), a. Without old age limits of duration; as, fountains of ageless youth.

Agen

A*gen" (#), adv. & prep. See Again. [Obs.]

Agency

A"gen*cy (#), n.; pl. Agencies (#). [agentia, fr. L. agens, agentis: cf. F. agence. See Agent.]

1. The faculty of acting or of exerting power; the state of being in action; action; instrumentality.

The superintendence and agency of Providence in the natural world. Woodward.

2. The office of an agent, or factor; the relation between a principal and his agent; business of one intrusted with the concerns of another.

3. The place of business of am agent. Syn. -- Action; operation; efficiency; management.

Agend

A"gend (#), n. See Agendum. [Obs.]

Agendum

A*gen"dum (#), n.; pl. Agenda (#). [L., neut. of the gerundive of agere to act.]

1. Something to be done; in the pl., a memorandum book.

2. A church service; a ritual or liturgy. [In this sense, usually Agenda.]

Agenesic

Ag`e*nes"ic (#), a. [See Agensis.] (Physiol.) Characterized by sterility; infecund.

Agenesis

A*gen"e*sis (#), n. [Gr. (Physiol.) Any imperfect development of the body, or any anomaly of organization.

Agennesis

Ag`en*ne"sis (#), n. [Gr. (Physiol.) Impotence; sterility.

Agent

A"gent (#), a. [L. agens, agentis, p. pr. of agere to act; akin to Gr. aka to drive, Skr. aj. Actingpatient
, or sustaining, action.
[Archaic] "The body agent." Bacon.

Agent

A"gent, n.

1. One who exerts power, or has the power to act; an actor.

Heaven made us agents, free to good or ill. Dryden.

2. One who acts for, or in the place of, another, by authority from him; one intrusted with the business of another; a substitute; a deputy; a factor.

3. An active power or cause; that which has the power to produce an effect; as, a physical, chemical, or medicinal agent; as, heat is a powerful agent.

Agential

A*gen"tial (#), a. Of or pertaining to an agent or an agency. Fitzed. Hall.

Agentship

A"gent*ship (#), n. Agency. Beau. & Fl.

Ageratum

A*ger"a*tum (#), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of plants, one species of which (A. Mexicanum) has lavender-blue flowers in dense clusters.

Aggeneration

Ag*gen`er*a"tion (#), n. [L. aggenerare to beget in addition. See Generate.] The act of producing in addition. [Obs.] T. Stanley.

Agger

Ag"ger (#), n. [L., a mound, fr. aggerere to bear to a place, heap up; ad + gerere to bear.] An earthwork; a mound; a raised work. [Obs.] Hearne.

Aggerate

Ag"ger*ate (#), v. t. [L. aggeratus, p. p. of aggerare. See Agger.] To heap up. [Obs.] Foxe.

Aggeration

Ag`ger*a"tion (#), n. [L. aggeratio.] A heaping up; accumulation; as, aggerations of sand. [R.]

Aggerose

Ag`ger*ose" (#), a. In heaps; full of heaps.

Aggest

Ag*gest" (#), v. t. [L. aggestus, p. p. of aggerere. See Agger.] To heap up. [Obs.]
The violence of the waters aggested the earth. Fuller.

Agglomerate

Ag*glom"er*ate (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Agglomerated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Agglomerating (#).] [L. agglomeratus, p. p. of agglomerare; ad + glomerare to form into a ball. See Glomerate.] To wind or collect into a ball; hence, to gather into a mass or anything like a mass.
Where he builds the agglomerated pile. Cowper.

Agglomerate

Ag*glom"er*ate, v. i. To collect in a mass.

Agglomerate, Agglomerated

Ag*glom"er*ate (#), Ag*glom"er*a`ted (#), a.

1. Collected into a ball, heap, or mass.

2. (Bot.) Collected into a rounded head of flowers.

Agglomerate

Ag*glom"er*ate (#), n.

1. A collection or mass.

2. (Geol.) A mass of angular volcanic fragments united by heat; -- distinguished from conglomerate.

Agglomeration

Ag*glom`er*a"tion (#), n. [Cf. F. agglom\'82ration.]

1. The act or process of collecting in a mass; a heaping together.

An excessive agglomeration of turrets. Warton.

2. State of being collected in a mass; a mass; cluster.

Agglomerative

Ag*glom"er*a*tive (#), a. Having a tendency to gather together, or to make collections.
Taylor is eminently discursive, accumulative, and (to use one of his own words) agglomerative. Coleridge.

Agglutinant

Ag*glu"ti*nant (#), a. [L. agglutinans, -antis, p. pr. of agglutinare.] Uniting, as glue; causing, or tending to cause, adhesion. -- n. Any viscous substance which causes bodies or parts to adhere.

Agglutinate

Ag*glu"ti*nate (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Agglutinated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Agglutinating.] [L. agglutinatus, p. p. of agglutinare to glue or cement to a thing; ad + glutinare to glue; gluten glue. See Glue.] To unite, or cause to adhere, as with glue or other viscous substance; to unite by causing an adhesion of substances.

Agglutinate

Ag*glu"ti*nate (#), a.

1. United with glue or as with glue; cemented together.

2. (physiol.) Consisting of root words combined but not materially altered as to form or meaning; as, agglutinate forms, languages, etc. See Agglutination, 2.

Agglutination

Ag*glu`ti*na"tion (#), n. [Cf. F. agglutination.]

1. The act of uniting by glue or other tenacious substance; the state of being thus united; adhesion of parts.

2. (Physiol.) Combination in which root words are united with little or no change of form or loss of meaning. See Agglutinative, 2.

Agglutinative

Ag*glu"ti*na*tive (#), a. [Cf. F. agglutinatif.]

1. Pertaining to agglutination; tending to unite, or having power to cause adhesion; adhesive.

2. (Philol.) Formed or characterized by agglutination, as a language or a compound.

In agglutinative languages the union of words may be compared to mechanical compounds, in inflective languages to chemical compounds. R. Morris.
Cf. man-kind, heir-loom, war-like, which are agglutinative compounds. The Finnish, Hungarian, Turkish, the Tamul, etc., are agglutinative languages. R. Morris.
Agglutinative languages preserve the consciousness of their roots. Max M\'81ller.

Aggrace

Ag*grace" (#), v. t. [Pref. a- + grace: cf. It. aggraziare, LL. aggratiare. See Grace.] To favor; to grace. [Obs.] "That knight so much aggraced." Spenser.
Page 32

Aggrace

Ag*grace" (#), n. Grace; favor. [Obs.] Spenser.

Aggrandizable

Ag"gran*di"za*ble (#), a. Capable of being aggrandized.

Aggrandization

Ag*gran`di*za"tion (#), n. Aggrandizement. [Obs.] Waterhouse.

Aggrandize

Ag"gran*dize (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aggrandized (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Aggrandizing (#).] [F. agrandir; \'85 (L. ad) + grandir to increase, L. grandire, fr. grandis great. See Grand, and cf. Finish.]

1. To make great; to enlarge; to increase; as, to aggrandize our conceptions, authority, distress.

2. To make great or greater in power, rank, honor, or wealth; -- applied to persons, countries, etc.

His scheme for aggrandizing his son. Prescott.

3. To make appear great or greater; to exalt. Lamb. Syn. -- To augment; exalt; promote; advance.

Aggrandize

Ag"gran*dize, v. i. To increase or become great. [Obs.]
Follies, continued till old age, do aggrandize. J. Hall.

Aggrandizement

Ag*gran"dize*ment (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. agrandissement.] The act of aggrandizing, or the state of being aggrandized or exalted in power, rank, honor, or wealth; exaltation; enlargement; as, the emperor seeks only the aggrandizement of his own family. Syn. -- Augmentation; exaltation; enlargement; advancement; promotion; preferment.

Aggrandizer

Ag"gran*di`zer (#), n. One who aggrandizes, or makes great.

Aggrate

Ag*grate" (#), v. t. [It. aggratare, fr. L. ad + gratus pleasing. See Grate, a.] To please. [Obs.]
Each one sought his lady to aggrate. Spenser.

Aggravate

Ag"gra*vate (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aggravated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Aggravating.] [L. aggravatus, p. p. of aggravare. See Aggrieve.]

1. To make heavy or heavier; to add to; to increase. [Obs.] "To aggravate thy store." Shak.

2. To make worse, or more severe; to render less tolerable or less excusable; to make more offensive; to enhance; to intensify. "To aggravate my woes." Pope.

To aggravate the horrors of the scene. Prescott.
The defense made by the prisioner's counsel did rather aggravate than extenuate his crime. Addison.

3. To give coloring to in description; to exaggerate; as, to aggravate circumstances. Paley.

4. To exasperate; to provoke; to irritate. [Colloq.]

If both were to aggravate her parents, as my brother and sister do mine. Richardson (Clarissa).
Syn. -- To heighten; intensify; increase; magnify; exaggerate; provoke; irritate; exasperate.

Aggravating

Ag"gra*va`ting (#), a.

1. Making worse or more heinous; as, aggravating circumstances.

2. Exasperating; provoking; irritating. [Colloq.]

A thing at once ridiculous and aggravating. J. Ingelow.

Aggravatingly

Ag"gra*va`ting*ly, adv. In an aggravating manner.

Aggravation

Ag`gra*va"tion (#), n. [LL. aggravatio: cf. F. aggravation.]

1. The act of aggravating, or making worse; -- used of evils, natural or moral; the act of increasing in severity or heinousness; something additional to a crime or wrong and enhancing its guilt or injurious consequences.

2. Exaggerated representation.

By a little aggravation of the features changed it into the Saracen's head. Addison.

3. An extrinsic circumstance or accident which increases the guilt of a crime or the misery of a calamity.

4. Provocation; irritation. [Colloq.] Dickens.

Aggravative

Ag"gra*va*tive (#), a. Tending to aggravate. Ag*gres"sive*ly, adv. -- Ag*gres"sive*ness, n.
No aggressive movement was made. Macaulay.

Aggressor

Ag*gres"sor (#), n. [L.: cf. F. agresseur.] The person who first attacks or makes an aggression; he who begins hostility or a quarrel; an assailant.
The insolence of the aggressor is usually proportioned to the tameness of the sufferer. Ames.

Aggrievance

Ag*griev"ance (#), n. [OF. agrevance, fr. agrever. See Aggrieve.] Oppression; hardship; injury; grievance. [Archaic]

Aggrieve

Ag*grieve" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aggrieved (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Aggrieving (#).] [OE. agreven, OF. agrever; a (L. ad) + grever to burden, injure, L. gravare to weigh down, fr. gravis heavy. See Grieve, and cf. Aggravate.] To give pain or sorrow to; to afflict; hence, to oppress or injure in one's rights; to bear heavily upon; -- now commonly used in the passive TO be aggrieved.
Aggrieved by oppression and extortion. Macaulay.

Aggrieve

Ag*grieve", v. i. To grieve; to lament. [Obs.]

Aggroup

Ag*group" (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aggrouped (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Aggrouping.] [F. agrouper; \'85 (L. ad) + groupe group. See Group..] To bring together in a group; to group. Dryden.

Aggroupment

Ag*group"ment (#), n. Arrangement in a group or in groups; grouping.

Aggry, Aggri

Ag"gry, Ag"gri (#)
, a. Applied to a kind of variegated glass beads of ancient manufacture; as, aggry beads are found in Ashantee and Fantee in Africa.

Aghast

A*ghast" (#), v. t. See Agast, v. t. [Obs.]

Aghast

A*ghast" (#), a & p. p. [OE. agast, agasted, p. p. of agasten to terrify, fr. AS. pref. \'be- (cf. Goth. us-, G. er-, orig. meaning out) + g to terrify, torment: cf. Goth. usgaisjan to terrify, primitively to fix, to root to the spot with terror; akin to L. haerere to stick fast, cling. See Gaze, Hesitate.] Terrified; struck with amazement; showing signs of terror or horror.
Aghast he waked; and, starting from his bed, Cold sweat in clammy drops his limbs o'erspread. Dryden.
The commissioners read and stood aghast. Macaulay.

Agible

Ag"i*ble (#), a. [Cf. LL. agibilis, fr. L. agere to move, do.] Possible to be done; practicable. [Obs.] "Fit for agible things." Sir A. Sherley.

Agile

Ag"ile (#), a. [F. agile, L. agilis, fr. agere to move. See Agent.] Having the faculty of quick motion in the limbs; apt or ready to move; nimble; active; as, an agile boy; an agile tongue.
Shaking it with agile hand. Cowper.
Syn. -- Active; alert; nimble; brisk; lively; quick.

Agilely

Ag"ile*ly, adv. In an agile manner; nimbly.

Agileness

Ag"ile*ness, n. Agility; nimbleness. [R.]

Agility

A*gil"i*ty (#), n. [F. agili\'82, L. agilitas, fr. agilis.]

1. The quality of being agile; the power of moving the limbs quickly and easily; nimbleness; activity; quickness of motion; as, strength and agility of body.

They . . . trust to the agility of their wit. Bacon.
Wheeling with the agility of a hawk. Sir W. Scott.

2. Activity; powerful agency. [Obs.]

The agility of the sun's fiery heat. Holland.

Agio

Ag"i*o (#), n.; pl. Agios (#). [It. aggio exchange, discount, premium, the same word as agio ease. See Ease.] (Com.) The premium or percentage on a better sort of money when it is given in exchange for an inferior sort. The premium or discount on foreign bills of exchange is sometimes called agio.

Agiotage

Ag"i*o*tage (#), n. [F. agiotage, fr. agioter to practice stockjobbing, fr. agio.] Exchange business; also, stockjobbing; the maneuvers of speculators to raise or lower the price of stocks or public funds.
Vanity and agiotage are to a Parisian the oxygen and hydrogen of life. Landor.

Agist

A*gist" (#), v. t. [OF. agister; \'85 (L. ad) + gister to assign a lodging, fr. giste lodging, abode, F. g\'8cte, LL. gistum, gista, fr. L. jacitum, p. p. of jac to lie: cf. LL. agistare, adgistare. See Gist.] (Law) To take to graze or pasture, at a certain sum; -- used originally of the feeding of cattle in the king's forests, and collecting the money for the same. Blackstone.

Agistator

Ag`is*ta"tor (#), n. [LL.] See Agister.

Agister, Agistor

A*gist"er, A*gist"or (#), n. [Anglo-Norman agistour.] (Law) (a) Formerly, an officer of the king's forest, who had the care of cattle agisted, and collected the money for the same; -- hence called gisttaker, which in England is corrupted into guest-taker. (b) Now, one who agists or takes in cattle to pasture at a certain rate; a pasturer. Mozley & W.

Agistment

A*gist"ment (#), n. [OF. agistement. See Agist.] (Law) (a) Formerly, the taking and feeding of other men's cattle in the king's forests. (b) The taking in by any one of other men's cattle to graze at a certain rate. Mozley & W. (c) The price paid for such feeding. (d) A charge or rate against lands; as, an agistment of sea banks, i. e., charge for banks or dikes.

Agitable

Ag"i*ta*ble (#), a. [L. agitabilis: cf. F. agitable.] Capable of being agitated, or easily moved. [R.]

Agitate

Ag"i*tate (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Agitated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Agitating (#).] [L. agitatus, p. p. of agitare to put in motion, fr. agere to move: cf. F. agiter. See Act, Agent.]

1. To move with a violent, irregular action; as, the wind agitates the sea; to agitate water in a vessel. "Winds . . . agitate the air." Cowper.

2. To move or actuate. [R.] Thomson.

3. To stir up; to disturb or excite; to perturb; as, he was greatly agitated.

The mind of man is agitated by various passions. Johnson.

4. To discuss with great earnestness; to debate; as, a controversy hotly agitated. Boyle.

5. To revolve in the mind, or view in all its aspects; to contrive busily; to devise; to plot; as, politicians agitate desperate designs. Syn. -- To move; shake; excite; rouse; disturb; distract; revolve; discuss; debate; canvass.

Agitatedly

Ag"i*ta`ted*ly, adv. In an agitated manner.

Agitation

Ag`i*ta"tion (#), n. [L. agitatio: cf. F. agitation.]

1. The act of agitating, or the state of being agitated; the state of being moved with violence, or with irregular action; commotion; as, the sea after a storm is in agitation.

2. A stirring up or arousing; disturbance of tranquillity; disturbance of mind which shows itself by physical excitement; perturbation; as, to cause any one agitation.

3. Excitement of public feeling by discussion, appeals, etc.; as, the antislavery agitation; labor agitation. "Religious agitations." Prescott.

4. Examination or consideration of a subject in controversy, or of a plan proposed for adoption; earnest discussion; debate.

A logical agitation of the matter. L'Estrange.
The project now in agitation. Swift.
Syn. -- Emotion; commotion; excitement; trepidation; tremor; perturbation. See Emotion.

Agitative

Ag"i*ta*tive (#), a. Tending to agitate.

Agitato

A`gi*ta"to (#), a. [It., agitated.] (Med.) Sung or played in a restless, hurried, and spasmodic manner.

Agitator

Ag"i*ta`tor (#), n. [L.]

1. One who agitates; one who stirs up or excites others; as, political reformers and agitators.

2. (Eng. Hist.) One of a body of men appointed by the army, in Cromwell's time, to look after their interests; -- called also adjutators. Clarendon.

3. An implement for shaking or mixing.

Agleam

A*gleam" (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- + gleam.] Gleaming; as, faces agleam. Lowell.

Aglet, Aiglet

Ag"let (#), Aig"let (#), n. [F. aiguillette point, tagged point, dim. of aiguilee needle, fr. LL. acucula for acicula, dim. of L. acus needle, pinagleter to hook on. See Acute, and cf. Aiguillette.]

1. A tag of a lace or of the points, braids, or cords formerly used in dress. They were sometimes formed into small images. Hence, "aglet baby" (Shak.), an aglet image.

2. (Haberdashery) A round white staylace. Beck.

Agley

A*gley" (#), adv. Aside; askew. [Scotch] Burns.

Aglimmer

A*glim"mer (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- + glimmer.] In a glimmering state. Hawthorne.

Aglitter

A*glit"ter (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- + glitter.] Clittering; in a glitter.

Aglossal

A*glos"sal (#), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Without tongue; tongueless.

Aglow

A*glow" (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- + glow.] In a glow; glowing; as, cheeks aglow; the landscape all aglow.

Aglutition

Ag`lu*ti"tion (#), n. [Pref. a- not + L. glutire to swallow.] (Med.) Inability to swallow.

Agminal

Ag"mi*nal (#), a. [L. agminalis; agmen, agminis, a train.] Pertaining to an army marching, or to a train. [R.]

Agminate, Agminated

Ag"mi*nate (#), Ag"mi*na`ted (#), a. [L. agmen, agminis, a train, crowd.] (Physiol.) Grouped together; as, the agminated glands of Peyer in the small intestine.

Agnail

Ag"nail (#), n. [AS. angn\'91gl; ange vexation, trouble + n\'91gel nail. Cf. Hangnail.]

1. A corn on the toe or foot. [Obs.]

2. An inflammation or sore under or around the nail; also, a hangnail.

Agnate

Ag"nate (#), a. [L. agnatus, p. p. of agnasci to be born in addition to; ad + nasci (for gnasci) to be born. Cf. Adnate.]

1. Related or akin by the father's side; also, sprung from the same male ancestor.

2. Allied; akin. "Agnate words." Pownall.

Assume more or less of a fictitious character, but congenial and agnate with the former. Landor.

Agnate

Ag"nate, n. [Cf. F. agnat.] (Civil Law) A relative whose relationship can be traced exclusively through males.

Agnatic

Ag*nat"ic (#), a. [Cf. F. agnatique.] Pertaining to descent by the male line of ancestors. "The agnatic succession." Blackstone.

Agnation

Ag*na"tion (#), n. [L. agnatio: cf. F. agnation.]

1. (Civil Law) Consanguinity by a line of males only, as distinguished from cognation. Bouvier.


Page 33

Agnition

Ag*ni"tion (#), n. [L. agnitio, fr. agnoscere. See Notion.] Acknowledgment. [Obs.] Grafton.

Agnize

Ag*nize" (#), v. t. [Formed like recognize, fr. L. agnoscere.] To recognize; to acknowledge. [Archaic]
I do agnize a natural and prompt alacrity. Shak.

Agnoiolgy

Ag`noi*ol"*gy (#), n. [Gr. -logy.] (Metaph.) The doctrine concerning those things of which we are necessarily ignorant.

Agnomen

Ag*no"men (#), n. [L.; ad + nomen name.]

1. An additional or fourth name given by the Romans, or account of some remarkable exploit or event; as, Publius Caius Scipio Africanus.

2. An additional name, or an epithet appended to a name; as, Aristides the Just.

Agnominate

Ag*nom"i*nate (#), v. t. To name. [Obs.]

Agnomination

Ag*nom`i*na"tion (#), n. [L. agnominatio. See Agnomen.]

1. A surname. [R.] Minsheu.

2. Paronomasia; also, alliteration; annomination.

Agnostic

Ag*nos"tic (#), a. [Gr. Professing ignorance; involving no dogmatic; pertaining to or involving agnosticism. -- Ag*nos"tic*al*ly (#), adv.

Agnostic

Ag*nos"tic, n. One who professes ignorance, or denies that we have any knowledge, save of phenomena; one who supports agnosticism, neither affirming nor denying the existence of a personal Deity, a future life, etc.

Agnosticism

Ag*nos"ti*cism (#), n. That doctrine which, professing ignorance, neither asserts nor denies. Specifically: (Theol.) The doctrine that the existence of a personal Deity, an unseen world, etc., can be neither proved nor disproved, because of the necessary limits of the human mind (as sometimes charged upon Hamilton and Mansel), or because of the insufficiency of the evidence furnished by physical and physical data, to warrant a positive conclusion (as taught by the school of Herbert Spencer); -- opposed alike dogmatic skepticism and to dogmatic theism.

Agnus

Ag"nus (#), n.; pl. E. Agnuses (#); L. Agni (#). [L., a lamb.] Agnus Dei.

Agnus castus

Ag"nus cas"tus (#). [Gr. (Bot.) A species of Vitex (V. agnus castus); the chaste tree. Loudon.
And wreaths of agnus castus others bore. Dryden.

Agnus Dei

Ag"nus De"i (#). [L., lamb of God.] (R. C. Ch.) (a) A figure of a lamb bearing a cross or flag. (b) A cake of wax stamped with such a figure. It is made from the remains of the paschal candles and blessed by the Pope. (c) A triple prayer in the sacrifice of the Mass, beginning with the words "Agnus Dei."

Ago

A*go" (#), a. & adv. [OE. ago, agon, p. p. of agon to go away, pass by, AS. \'beg\'ben to pass away; \'be- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning out) + g\'ben to go. See Go.] Past; gone by; since; as, ten years ago; gone long ago.

Agog

A*gog" (#), a. & adv. [Cf. F. gogue fun, perhaps of Celtic origin.] In eager desire; eager; astir.
All agog to dash through thick and thin. Cowper.

Agoing

A*go"ing (#), adv. [Pref. a- + p. pr. of go.] In motion; in the act of going; as, to set a mill agoing.

Agon

Ag"on (#), n.; pl. Agones (#). [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A contest for a prize at the public games.

Agone

A*gone" (#), a. & adv. Ago. [Archaic> & Poet.]
Three days agone I fell sick. 1 Sam. xxx. 13.

Agone

A"gone (#), n. [See Agonic.] Agonic line.

Agonic

A*gon"ic (#), a. [Gr. Not forming an angle. Agonic line (Physics), an imaginary line on the earth's surface passing through those places where the magnetic needle points to the true north; the line of no magnetic variation. There is one such line in the Western hemisphere, and another in the Eastern hemisphere.

Agonism

Ag"o*nism (#), n. [Gr. Agon.] Contention for a prize; a contest. [Obs.] Blount.

Agonist

Ag"o*nist (#), n. [Gr. One who contends for the prize in public games. [R.]

Agonistic, Agonistical

Ag`o*nis"tic (#), Ag`o*nis"tic*al (#), a. [Gr. Agonism.] Pertaining to violent contests, bodily or mental; pertaining to athletic or polemic feats; athletic; combative; hence, strained; unnatural.
As a scholar, he [Dr. Parr] was brilliant, but he consumed his power in agonistic displays. De Quincey.

Agonistically

Ag`o*nis"tic*al*ly, adv. In an agonistic manner.

Agonistics

Ag`o*nis"tics (#), n. The science of athletic combats, or contests in public games.

Agonize

Ag"o*nize (#), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Agonized (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Agonizing (#).] [F. agoniser, LL. agonizare, fr. Gr. Agony.]

1. To writhe with agony; to suffer violent anguish.

To smart and agonize at every pore. Pope.

2. To struggle; to wrestle; to strive desperately.

Agonize

Ag"o*nize, v. t. To cause to suffer agony; to subject to extreme pain; to torture.
He agonized his mother by his behavior. Thackeray.

Agonizingly

Ag"o*ni`zing*ly (#), adv. With extreme anguish or desperate struggles.

Agonothete

Ag"o*no*thete` (#), n. [Gr. [Antiq.] An officer who presided over the great public games in Greece.

Agonothetic

Ag`o*no*thet"ic (#), a. [Gr. Pertaining to the office of an agonothete.

Agony

Ag"o*ny (#), n.; pl. Agonies (#). [L. agonia, Gr. agonie. See Agon.]

1. Violent contest or striving.

The world is convulsed by the agonies of great nations. Macaulay.

2. Pain so extreme as to cause writhing or contortions of the body, similar to those made in the athletic contests in Greece; and hence, extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; paroxysm of grief; specifically, the sufferings of Christ in the garden of Gethsemane.

Being in an agony he prayed more earnestly. Luke xxii. 44.

3. Paroxysm of joy; keen emotion.

With cries and agonies of wild delight. Pope.

4. The last struggle of life; death struggle. Syn. -- Anguish; torment; throe; distress; pangs; suffering. -- Agony, Anguish, Pang. These words agree in expressing extreme pain of body or mind. Agony denotes acute and permanent pain, usually of the whole system., and often producing contortions. Anguish denotes severe pressure, and, considered as bodily suffering, is more commonly local (as anguish of a wound), thus differing from agony. A pang is a paroxysm of excruciating pain. It is severe and transient. The agonies or pangs of remorse; the anguish of a wounded conscience. "Oh, sharp convulsive pangs of agonizing pride!" Dryden.

A-good

A-good(#), adv. [Pref. a- + good.] In earnest; heartily. [Obs.] "I made her weep agood." Shak.

Agora

Ag"o*ra (#), n. [Gr. An assembly; hence, the place of assembly, especially the market place, in an ancient Greek city.

Agouara

A*gou"a*ra (#), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) The crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus), found in the tropical parts of America.

Agouta

A*gou"ta (#), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A small insectivorous mammal (Solenodon paradoxus), allied to the moles, found only in Hayti.

Agouti, Agouty

A*gou"ti, A*gou"ty (#), n. [F. agouti, acouti, Sp. aguti, fr. native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A rodent of the genus Dasyprocta, about the size of a rabbit, peculiar to South America and the West Indies. The most common species is the Dasyprocta agouti.

Agrace

A*grace" (#), n. & v. See Aggrace. [Obs.]

Agraffe

A*graffe" (#), n. [F. agrafe, formerly agraffe, OF. agrappe. See Agrappes.]

1. A hook or clasp.

The feather of an ostrich, fastened in her turban by an agraffe set with brilliants. Sir W. Scott.

2. A hook, eyelet, or other device by which a piano wire is so held as to limit the vibration.

Agrammatist

A*gram"ma*tist (#), n. [Gr. A illiterate person. [Obs.] Bailey.

Agraphia

A*graph"i*a (#), n. [Gr. The absence or loss of the power of expressing ideas by written signs. It is one form of aphasia.

Agraphic

A*graph"ic (#), a. Characterized by agraphia.

Agrappes

A*grappes" (#), n. pl. [OF. agrappe, F. agrafe; a + grappe (see Grape) fr. OHG. kr\'bepfo hook.] Hooks and eyes for armor, etc. Fairholt.

Agrarian

A*gra"ri*an (#), a. [L. agrarius, fr. ager field.]

1. Pertaining to fields, or lands, or their tenure; esp., relating to am equal or equitable division of lands; as, the agrarian laws of Rome, which distributed the conquered and other public lands among citizens.

His Grace's landed possessions are irresistibly inviting to an agrarian experiment. Burke.

2. (Bot.) Wild; -- said of plants growing in the fields.

Agrarian

A*gra"ri*an, n.

1. One in favor of an equal division of landed property.

2. An agrarian law. [R.]

An equal agrarian is perpetual law. Harrington.

Agrarianism

A*gra"ri*an*ism (#), n. An equal or equitable division of landed property; the principles or acts of those who favor a redistribution of land.

Agrarianize

A*gra"ri*an*ize (#), v. t. To distribute according to, or to imbue with, the principles of agrarianism.

Agre, Agree

A*gre", A*gree" (#), adv. [F. \'85 gr\'82. See Agree.] In good part; kindly. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Agree

A*gree" (#), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Agreed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Agreeing.] [F. agr\'82er to accept or receive kindly, fr. \'85 gr\'82; \'85 (L. ad) + gr\'82 good will, consent, liking, fr. L. gratus pleasing, agreeable. See Grateful.]

1. To harmonize in opinion, statement, or action; to be in unison or concord; to be or become united or consistent; to concur; as, all parties agree in the expediency of the law.

If music and sweet poetry agree. Shak.
Their witness agreed not together. Mark xiv. 56.
The more you agree together, the less hurt can your enemies do you. Sir T. Browne.

2. To yield assent; to accede; -- followed by to; as, to agree to an offer, or to opinion.

3. To make a stipulation by way of settling differences or determining a price; to exchange promises; to come to terms or to a common resolve; to promise.

Agree with thine adversary quickly. Matt. v. 25.
Didst not thou agree with me for a penny ? Matt. xx. 13.

4. To be conformable; to resemble; to coincide; to correspond; as, the picture does not agree with the original; the two scales agree exactly.

5. To suit or be adapted in its effects; to do well; as, the same food does not agree with every constitution.

6. (Gram.) To correspond in gender, number, case, or person. &hand; The auxiliary forms of to be are often employed with the participle agreed. "The jury were agreed." Macaulay. "Can two walk together, except they be agreed ?" Amos iii. 3. The principal intransitive uses were probably derived from the transitive verb used reflexively. "I agree me well to your desire." Ld. Berners. Syn. -- To assent; concur; consent; acquiesce; accede; engage; promise; stipulate; contract; bargain; correspond; harmonize; fit; tally; coincide; comport.

Agree

A*gree" (#), v. t.

1. To make harmonious; to reconcile or make friends. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. To admit, or come to one mind concerning; to settle; to arrange; as, to agree the fact; to agree differences. [Obs.]

Agreeability

A*gree`a*bil"i*ty (#), n. [OF. agreablete.]

1. Easiness of disposition. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. The quality of being, or making one's self, agreeable; agreeableness. Thackeray.

Agreeable

A*gree"a*ble (#), a. [F. agr\'82able.]

1. Pleasing, either to the mind or senses; pleasant; grateful; as, agreeable manners or remarks; an agreeable person; fruit agreeable to the taste.

A train of agreeable reveries. Goldsmith.

2. Willing; ready to agree or consent. [Colloq.]

These Frenchmen give unto the said captain of Calais a great sum of money, so that he will be but content and agreeable that they may enter into the said town. Latimer.

3. Agreeing or suitable; conformable; correspondent; concordant; adapted; -- followed by to, rarely by with.

That which is agreeable to the nature of one thing, is many times contrary to the nature of another. L'Estrange.

4. In pursuance, conformity, or accordance; -- in this sense used adverbially for agreeably; as, agreeable to the order of the day, the House took up the report. Syn. -- Pleasing; pleasant; welcome; charming; acceptable; amiable. See Pleasant.

Agreeableness

A*gree"a*ble*ness, n.

1. The quality of being agreeable or pleasing; that quality which gives satisfaction or moderate pleasure to the mind or senses.

That author . . . has an agreeableness that charms us. Pope.

2. The quality of being agreeable or suitable; suitableness or conformity; consistency.

The agreeableness of virtuous actions to human nature. Pearce.

3. Resemblance; concordance; harmony; -- with to or between. [Obs.]

The agreeableness between man and the other parts of the universe. Grew.

Agreeably

A*gree"a*bly, adv.

1. In an agreeably manner; in a manner to give pleasure; pleasingly. "Agreeably entertained." Goldsmith.

2. In accordance; suitably; consistently; conformably; -- followed by to and rarely by with. See Agreeable, 4.

The effect of which is, that marriages grow less frequent, agreeably to the maxim above laid down. Paley.

3. Alike; similarly. [Obs.]

Both clad in shepherds' weeds agreeably. Spenser.

Agreeingly

A*gree"ing*ly, adv. In an agreeing manner (to); correspondingly; agreeably. [Obs.]

Agreement

A*gree"ment (#), n. [Cf. F. agr\'82ment.]

1. State of agreeing; harmony of opinion, statement, action, or character; concurrence; concord; conformity; as, a good agreement subsists among the members of the council.

What agreement hath the temple of God with idols ? 2 Cor. vi. 16.
Expansion and duration have this further agreement. Locke.

2. (Gram.) Concord or correspondence of one word with another in gender, number, case, or person.

3. (Law) (a) A concurrence in an engagement that something shall be done or omitted; an exchange of promises; mutual understanding, arrangement, or stipulation; a contract. (b) The language, oral or written, embodying reciprocal promises. Abbott. Brande & C. Syn. -- Bargain; contract; compact; stipulation.

Agreer

A*gre"er (#), n. One who agrees.

Agrestic

A*gres"tic (#), a. [L. agrestis, fr. ager field.] Pertaining to fields or the country, in opposition to the city; rural; rustic; unpolished; uncouth. "Agrestic behavior." Gregory.

Agrestical

A*gres"tic*al (#), a. Agrestic. [Obs.]

Agricolation

A*gric`o*la"tion (#), n. [L., agricolatio.] Agriculture. [Obs.] Bailey.

Agricolist

A*gric"o*list (#), n. A cultivator of the soil; an agriculturist. Dodsley.

Agricultor

Ag"ri*cul`tor (#), n. [L., fr. ager field + cultor cultivator.] An agriculturist; a farmer. [R.]

Agricultural

Ag`ri*cul"tur*al (#), a. Of or pertaining to agriculture; connected with, or engaged in, tillage; as, the agricultural class; agricultural implements, wages, etc. -- Ag`ri*cul"tur*al*ly, adv. Agricultural ant (Zo\'94l.), a species of ant which gathers and stores seeds of grasses, for food. The remarkable species (Myrmica barbata) found in Texas clears circular areas and carefully cultivates its favorite grain, known as ant rice.

Agriculturalist

Ag`ri*cul"tur*al*ist, n. An agriculturist (which is the preferred form.)

Agriculture

Ag"ri*cul`ture (?; 135), n. [L. agricultura; ager field + cultura cultivation: cf. F. agriculture. See Acre and Culture.] The art or science of cultivating the ground, including the harvesting of crops, and the rearing and management of live stock; tillage; husbandry; farming.

Agriculturism

Ag`ri*cul"tur*ism (#), n. Agriculture. [R.]

Agriculturist

Ag`ri*cul"tur*ist, n. One engaged or skilled in agriculture; a husbandman.
The farmer is always a practitioner, the agriculturist may be a mere theorist. Crabb.

Agrief

A*grief" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + grief.] In grief; amiss. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Agrimony

Ag"ri*mo*ny (#), n. [OE. agremoyne, OF. aigremoine, L. agrimonia for argemonia, fr. Gr. (Bot.) (a) A genus of plants of the Rose family. (b) The name is also given to various other plants; as, hemp agrimony (Eupatorium cannabinum); water agrimony (Bidens). &hand; The Agrimonia eupatoria, or common agrimony, a perennial herb with a spike of yellow flowers, was once esteemed as a medical remedy, but is now seldom used.
Page 34

Agrin

A*grin" (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- + grin.] In the act of grinning. "His visage all agrin." Tennyson.

Agriologist

Ag`ri*ol"o*gist (#), n. One versed or engaged in agriology.

Agriology

Ag`ri*ol"o*gy (#), n. [Gr. -logy.] Description or comparative study of the customs of savage or uncivilized tribes.

Agrise

A*grise" (#), v. i. [AS. \'begr\'c6san to dread; \'be- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning out) + gr\'c6san, for gr (only in comp.), akin to OHG. gr, G. grausen, to shudder. See Grisly.] To shudder with terror; to tremble with fear. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Agrise

A*grise", v. t.

1. To shudder at; to abhor; to dread; to loathe. [Obs.] Wyclif.

2. To terrify; to affright. [Obs.]

His manly face that did his foes agrise. Spenser.

Agrom

A"grom (#), n. [Native name.] (Med.) A disease occurring in Bengal and other parts of the East Indies, in which the tongue chaps and cleaves.

Agronomic, Agronomical

Ag`ro*nom"ic (#), Ag`ro*nom"ic*al (#), [Cf. F. agronomique.] Pertaining to agronomy, of the management of farms.

Agronomics

Ag`ro*nom"ics (#), n. The science of the distribution and management of land.

Agronomist

A*gron"o*mist (#), n. One versed in agronomy; a student of agronomy.

Agronomy

A*gron"o*my (#), n. [Gr. agronomie.] The management of land; rural economy; agriculture.

Agrope

A*grope" (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- + grope.] In the act of groping. Mrs. Browning.

Agrostis

A*gros"tis (#), n. [L., fr. Gr. A genus of grasses, including species called in common language bent grass. Some of them, as redtop (Agrostis vulgaris), are valuable pasture grasses.

Agrostographic, Agrostographical

A*gros`to*graph"ic (#), A*gros`to*graph"ic*al (#), a. [Cf. F. agrostographique.] Pertaining to agrostography.

Agrostography

Ag`ros*tog"ra*phy (#), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A description of the grasses.

Agrostologic, Agrostological

A*gros`to*log"ic (#), A*gros`to*log"ic*al (#), a. Pertaining to agrostology.

Agrostologist

Ag`ros*tol"o*gist (#), n. One skilled in agrostology.

Agrostology

Ag`ros*tol"ogy (#), n. [Gr. -logy.] That part of botany which treats of the grasses.

Aground

A*ground" (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- + ground.] On the ground; stranded; -- a nautical term applied to a ship when its bottom lodges on the ground. Totten.

Agroupment

A*group"ment (#), n. See Aggroupment.

Agrypnotic

Ag`ryp*not"ic (#), n. [Gr. agrypnotique.] Anything which prevents sleep, or produces wakefulness, as strong tea or coffee.

Aguardiente

A`guar*di*en"te (#), n. [Sp., contr. of agua ardiente burning water (L. aqua water + ardens burning).]

1. A inferior brandy of Spain and Portugal.

2. A strong alcoholic drink, especially pulque. [Mexico and Spanish America.]

Ague

A"gue (#), n. [OE. agu, ague, OF. agu, F. aigu, sharp, OF. fem. ague, LL. (febris) acuta, a sharp, acute fever, fr. L. acutus sharp. See Acute.]

1. An acute fever. [Obs.] "Brenning agues." P. Plowman.

2. (Med.) An intermittent fever, attended by alternate cold and hot fits.

3. The cold fit or rigor of the intermittent fever; as, fever and ague.

4. A chill, or state of shaking, as with cold. Dryden. Ague cake, an enlargement of the spleen produced by ague. -- Ague drop, a solution of the arsenite of potassa used for ague. -- Ague fit, a fit of the ague. Shak. -- Ague spell, a spell or charm against ague. Gay. -- Ague tree, the sassafras, -- sometimes so called from the use of its root formerly, in cases of ague. [Obs.]

Ague

A"gue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Agued (#).] To strike with an ague, or with a cold fit. Heywood.

Aguilt

A*guilt" (#), v. t. To be guilty of; to offend; to sin against; to wrong. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Aguise

A*guise" (#), n. Dress. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Aguise

A*guise", v. t. [Pref a- + guise.] To dress; to attire; to adorn. [Obs.]
Above all knights ye goodly seem aguised. Spenser.

Aguish

A"gu*ish (#), a.

1. Having the qualities of an ague; somewhat cold or shivering; chilly; shaky.

Her aguish love now glows and burns. Granville.

2. Productive of, or affected by, ague; as, the aguish districts of England. T. Arnold. A"gu*ish*ness, n.

Agush

A*gush" (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- + gush.] In a gushing state. Hawthorne.

Agynous

Ag"y*nous (#), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Without female organs; male.

Ah

Ah (#), interj. [OE. a: cf. OF. a, F. ah, L. ah, Gr. \'be, Icel. \'91, OHG. \'be, Lith. \'a0, \'a0\'a0.] An exclamation, expressive of surprise, pity, complaint, entreaty, contempt, threatening, delight, triumph, etc., according to the manner of utterance.

Aha

A*ha" (#), interj. [Ah, interj. + ha.] An exclamation expressing, by different intonations, triumph, mixed with derision or irony, or simple surprise.

Aha

A*ha", n. A sunk fence. See Ha-ha. Mason.

Ahead

A*head" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + head.]

1. In or to the front; in advance; onward.

The island bore but a little ahead of us. Fielding.

2. Headlong; without restraint. [Obs.] L'Estrange. To go ahead. (a) To go in advance. (b) To go on onward. (c) To push on in an enterprise. [Colloq] -- To get ahead of. (a) To get in advance of. (b) To surpass; to get the better of. [Colloq.]

Aheap

A*heap" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + heap.] In a heap; huddled together. Hood.

Aheight

A*height" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + height.] Aloft; on high. [Obs.] "Look up aheight." Shak.

Ahem

A*hem" (#), interj. An exclamation to call one's attention; hem.

Ahey

A*hey" (#), interj. Hey; ho.

Ahigh

A*high" (#), adv. On high. [Obs.] Shak.

Ahold

A*hold" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + hold.] Near the wind; as, to lay a ship ahold. [Obs.] Shak.

Ahorseback

A*horse"back (#), adv. On horseback.
Two suspicious fellows ahorseback. Smollet.

Ahoy

A*hoy" (#), interj. [OE. a, interj. + hoy.] (Naut.) A term used in hailing; as, "Ship ahoy."

Ahriman

Ah"ri*man (#), n. [Per.] The Evil Principle or Being of the ancient Persians; the Prince of Darkness as opposer to Ormuzd, the King of Light.

Ahu

A"hu (#), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) The Asiatic gazelle.

Ahull

A*hull" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + hull.] (Naut.) With the sails furled, and the helm lashed alee; -- applied to ships in a storm. See Hull, n.

Ahungered

A*hun"gered (#), a. [Pref. a- + hungered.] Pinched with hunger; very hungry. C. Bront\'82.

Ai

A"i (#), n.; pl. Ais (#). [Braz. a\'8b, ha\'8b, from the animal's cry: cf. F. a\'8b.] (Zo\'94l.) The three-toed sloth (Bradypus tridactylus) of South America. See Sloth.

Aiblins, Ablins

Ai"blins, A"blins (#)
, adv. [See Able.] Perhaps; possibly. [Scotch] Burns.

Aich's metal

Aich's met"al (#). A kind of gun metal, containing copper, zinc, and iron, but no tin.

Aid

Aid (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aided (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Aiding.] [F. aider, OF. aidier, fr. L. adjutare to help, freq. of adjuvare to help; ad + juvare to help. Cf. Adjutant.] To support, either by furnishing strength or means in co\'94peration to effect a purpose, or to prevent or to remove evil; to help; to assist.
You speedy helpers . . . Appear and aid me in this enterprise. Shak.
Syn. -- To help; assist; support; sustain; succor; relieve; befriend; co\'94perate; promote. See Help.

Aid

Aid, n. [F. aide, OF. a\'8bde, a\'8be, fr. the verb. See Aid, v. t.]

1. Help; succor; assistance; relief.

An unconstitutional mode of obtaining aid. Hallam.

2. The person or thing that promotes or helps in something done; a helper; an assistant.

It is not good that man should be alone; let us make unto him an aid like unto himself. Tobit viii. 6.

3. (Eng. Hist.) A subsidy granted to the king by Parliament; also, an exchequer loan.

4. (Feudal Law) A pecuniary tribute paid by a vassal to his lord on special occasions. Blackstone.

5. An aid-de-camp, so called by abbreviation; as, a general's aid. Aid prayer (Law), a proceeding by which a defendant beseeches and claims assistance from some one who has a further or more permanent interest in the matter in suit. -- To pray in aid, to beseech and claim such assistance.

Aidance

Aid"ance (#), n. [Cf. OF. aidance.] Aid. [R.]
Aidance 'gainst the enemy. Shak.

Aidant

Aid"ant (#), a. [Cf. F. aidant, p. pr. of aider to help.] Helping; helpful; supplying aid. Shak.

Aid-de-camp

Aid"-de-camp` (#), n.; pl. Aids-de-camp. (#). [F. aide de camp (literally) camp assistant.] (Mil.) An officer selected by a general to carry orders, also to assist or represent him in correspondence and in directing movements.

Aider

Aid"er (#), n. One who, or that which, aids.

Aidful

Aid"ful (#), a. Helpful. [Archaic.] Bp. Hall.

Aidless

Aid"less, a. Helpless; without aid. Milton.

Aid-major

Aid"-ma`jor (#), n. The adjutant of a regiment.

Aiel

Ai"el (#), n. See Ayle. [Obs.]

Aiglet

Aig"let (#), n. Same as Aglet.

Aigre

Ai"gre (#), a. [F. See Eager.] Sour. [Obs.] Shak.

Aigremore

Ai"gre*more (#), n. [F. origin unknown.] Charcoal prepared for making powder.

Aigret, Aigrette

Ai"gret (#), Ai*grette (#), n. [F., a sort of white heron, with a tuft of feathers on its head; a tuft of feathers; dim. of the same word as heron. See Heron, and cf. Egret, Egrette.]

1. (Zo\'94l.) The small white European heron. See Egret.

2. A plume or tuft for the head composed of feathers, or of gems, etc. Prescott.

3. A tuft like that of the egret. (Bot.) A feathery crown of seed; egret; as, the aigrette or down of the dandelion or the thistle.

Aiguille

Ai`guille" (#), n. [F., a needle. See Aglet.]

1. A needle-shaped peak.

2. An instrument for boring holes, used in blasting.

Aiguillette

Ai`guil*lette" (#), n. [F. See Aglet.]

1. A point or tag at the end of a fringe or lace; an aglet.

2. One of the ornamental tags, cords, or loops on some military and naval uniforms.

Aigulet

Ai"gu*let (#), n. See Aglet. Spenser.

Ail

Ail (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ailed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Ailing.] [OE. eilen, ailen, AS. eglan to trouble, pain; akin to Goth. us-agljan to distress, agls troublesome, irksome, aglo, aglitha, pain, and prob. to E. awe. To affect with pain or uneasiness, either physical or mental; to trouble; to be the matter with; -- used to express some uneasiness or affection, whose cause is unknown; as, what ails the man? I know not what ails him.
What aileth thee, Hagar? Gen. xxi. 17.
&hand; It is never used to express a specific disease. We do not say, a fever ails him; but, something ails him.

Ail

Ail, v. i. To be affected with pain or uneasiness of any sort; to be ill or indisposed or in trouble.
When he ails ever so little . . . he is so peevish. Richardson.

Ail

Ail, n. Indisposition or morbid affection. Pope.

Ailanthus

Ai*lan"thus (#), n. Same as Ailantus.

Ailantus

Ai*lan"tus (#), n. [From aylanto, i. e., tree of heaven, the name of the tree in the Moluccas.] (Bot.) A genus of beautiful trees, natives of the East Indies. The tree imperfectly di

Ailette

Ai*lette (#), n. [F. ailette, dim. of aile wing, L. ala.] A small square shield, formerly worn on the shoulders of knights, -- being the prototype of the modern epaulet. Fairholt.

Ailment

Ail"ment (#), n. Indisposition; morbid affection of the body; -- not applied ordinarily to acute diseases. "Little ailments." Landsdowne.

Ailuroidea

Ai`lu*roid"e*a (#), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of the Carnivora, which includes the cats, civets, and hyenas.

Aim

Aim (#), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Aimed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Aiming.] [OE. amen, aimen, eimen, to guess at, to estimate, to aim, OF. esmer, asmer, fr. L. aestimare to estimate; or perh. fr. OF. aesmer; ad) + esmer. See Estimate.]

1. To point or direct a missile weapon, or a weapon which propels as missile, towards an object or spot with the intent of hitting it; as, to aim at a fox, or at a target.

2. To direct the indention or purpose; to attempt the accomplishment of a purpose; to try to gain; to endeavor; -- followed by at, or by an infinitive; as, to aim at distinction; to aim to do well.

Aim'st thou at princes? Pope.

3. To guess or conjecture. [Obs.] Shak.

Aim

Aim, v. t. To direct or point, as a weapon, at a particular object; to direct, as a missile, an act, or a proceeding, at, to, or against an object; as, to aim a musket or an arrow, the fist or a blow (at something); to aim a satire or a reflection (at some person or vice).

Aim

Aim, n. [Cf. OF. esme estimation, fr. esmer. See Aim, v. i.]

1. The pointing of a weapon, as a gun, a dart, or an arrow, in the line of direction with the object intended to be struck; the line of fire; the direction of anything, as a spear, a blow, a discourse, a remark, towards a particular point or object, with a view to strike or affect it.

Each at the head leveled his deadly aim. Milton.

2. The point intended to be hit, or object intended to be attained or affected.

To be the aim of every dangerous shot. Shak.

3. Intention; purpose; design; scheme.

How oft ambitious aims are crossed! Pope.

4. Conjecture; guess. [Obs.]

What you would work me to, I have some aim. Shak.
To cry aim (Archery), to encourage. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- End; object; scope; drift; design; purpose; intention; scheme; tendency; aspiration.

Aimer

Aim"er (#), n. One who aims, directs, or points.

Aimless

Aim"less, a. Without aim or purpose; as, an aimless life. -- Aim"less*ly, adv. -- Aim"less*ness, n.

Aino

Ai"no (#), n. [Said to be the native name for man.] One of a peculiar race inhabiting Yesso, the Kooril Islands etc., in the northern part of the empire of Japan, by some supposed to have been the progenitors of the Japanese. The Ainos are stout and short, with hairy bodies.

Ain't

Ain't (#). A contraction for are not and am not; also used for is not. [Colloq. or llliterate speech]. See An't.

Air

Air (#), n. [OE. air, eir, F. air, L. a\'89r, fr. Gr. wind. In sense 10 the French has taking a meaning fr. It. aria atmosphere, air, fr. the same Latin word; and in senses 11, 12, 13 the French meaning is either fr. L. aria, or due to confusion with F. aire, in an older sense of origin, descent. Cf. A, Debonair, Malaria, Wind.]

1. The fluid which we breathe, and which surrounds the earth; the atmosphere. It is invisible, inodorous, insipid, transparent, compressible, elastic, and ponderable. &hand; By the ancient philosophers, air was regarded as an element; but modern science has shown that it is essentially a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen, with a small amount of carbon dioxide, the average proportions being, by volume: oxygen, 20.96 per cent.; nitrogen, 79.00 per cent.; carbon dioxide, 0.04 per cent. These proportions are subject to a very slight variability. Air also always contains some vapor of water.

2. Symbolically: Something unsubstantial, light, or volatile. "Charm ache with air." Shak.

He was still all air and fire. Macaulay
. [Air and fire being the finer and quicker elements as opposed to earth and water.]

3. A particular state of the atmosphere, as respects heat, cold, moisture, etc., or as affecting the sensations; as, a smoky air, a damp air, the morning air, etc.

4. Any a\'89riform body; a gas; as, oxygen was formerly called vital air. [Obs.]

5. Air in motion; a light breeze; a gentle wind.

Let vernal airs through trembling osiers play. Pope.

6. Odoriferous or contaminated air.

7. That which surrounds and influences.

The keen, the wholesome air of poverty. Wordsworth.

8. Utterance abroad; publicity; vent.

You gave it air before me. Dryden.

9. Intelligence; information. [Obs.] Bacon.

10. (Mus.) (a) A musical idea, or motive, rhythmically developed in consecutive single tones, so as to form a symmetrical and balanced whole, which may be sung by a single voice to the stanzas of a hymn or song, or even to plain prose, or played upon an instrument; a melody; a tune; an aria. (b) In harmonized chorals, psalmody, part songs, etc., the part which bears the tune or melody -- in modern harmony usually the upper part -- is sometimes called the air.

11. The peculiar look, appearance, and bearing of a person; mien; demeanor; as, the air of a youth; a heavy air; a lofty air. "His very air." Shak.

12. Peculiar appearance; apparent character; semblance; manner; style.

It was communicated with the air of a secret. Pope.

12. pl. An artificial or affected manner; show of pride or vanity; haughtiness; as, it is said of a person, he puts on airs. Thackeray.


Page 35

14. (Paint.) (a) The representation or reproduction of the effect of the atmospheric medium through which every object in nature is viewed. New Am. Cyc. (b) Carriage; attitude; action; movement; as, the head of that portrait has a good air. Fairholt.

15. (Man.) The artificial motion or carriage of a horse. &hand; Air is much used adjectively or as the first part of a compound term. In most cases it might be written indifferently, as a separate limiting word, or as the first element of the compound term, with or without the hyphen; as, air bladder, air-bladder, or airbladder; air cell, air-cell, or aircell; air-pump, or airpump. Air balloon. See Balloon. -- Air bath. (a) An apparatus for the application of air to the body. (b) An arrangement for drying substances in air of any desired temperature. -- Air castle. See Castle in the air, under Castle. -- Air compressor, a machine for compressing air to be used as a motive power. -- Air crossing, a passage for air in a mine. -- Air cushion, an air-tight cushion which can be inflated; also, a device for arresting motion without shock by confined air. -- Air fountain, a contrivance for producing a jet of water by the force of compressed air. -- Air furnace, a furnace which depends on a natural draft and not on blast. -- Air line, a straight line; a bee line. Hence Air-line, adj.; as, air-line road. -- Air lock (Hydr. Engin.), an intermediate chamber between the outer air and the compressed-air chamber of a pneumatic caisson. Knight. -- Air port (Nav.), a scuttle or porthole in a ship to admit air. -- Air spring, a spring in which the elasticity of air is utilized. -- Air thermometer, a form of thermometer in which the contraction and expansion of air is made to measure changes of temperature. -- Air threads, gossamer. -- Air trap, a contrivance for shutting off foul air or gas from drains, sewers, etc.; a stench trap. -- Air trunk, a pipe or shaft for conducting foul or heated air from a room. -- Air valve, a valve to regulate the admission or egress of air; esp. a valve which opens inwardly in a steam boiler and allows air to enter. -- Air way, a passage for a current of air; as the air way of an air pump; an air way in a mine. -- In the air. (a) Prevalent without traceable origin or authority, as rumors. (b) Not in a fixed or stable position; unsettled. (c) (Mil.) Unsupported and liable to be turned or taken in flank; as, the army had its wing in the air. -- To take air, to be divulged; to be made public. -- To take the air, to go abroad; to walk or ride out.

Air

Air (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Aired (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Airing.] [See Air, n., and cf. A.]

1. To expose to the air for the purpose of cooling, refreshing, or purifying; to ventilate; as, to air a room.

It were good wisdom . . . that the jail were aired. Bacon.
Were you but riding forth to air yourself. Shak.

2. To expose for the sake of public notice; to display ostentatiously; as, to air one's opinion.

Airing a snowy hand and signet gem. Tennyson.

3. To expose to heat, for the purpose of expelling dampness, or of warming; as, to air linen; to air liquors.

Air bed

Air" bed` (#). A sack or matters inflated with air, and used as a bed.

Air bladder

Air" blad`der (#).

1. (Anat.) An air sac, sometimes double or variously lobed, in the visceral cavity of many fishes. It originates in the same way as the lungs of air-breathing vertebrates, and in the adult may retain a tubular connection with the pharynx or esophagus.

2. A sac or bladder full of air in an animal or plant; also an air hole in a casting.

Air brake

Air" brake` (#). (Mach.) A railway brake operated by condensed air. Knight.

Air-built

Air"-built` (#), a. Erected in the air; having no solid foundation; chimerical; as, an air-built castle.

Air cell

Air" cell` (#).

1. (Bot.) A cavity in the cellular tissue of plants, containing air only.

2. (Anat.) A receptacle of air in various parts of the system; as, a cell or minute cavity in the walls of the air tubes of the lungs; the air sac of birds; a dilatation of the air vessels in insects.

Air chamber

Air" cham`ber (#).

1. A chamber or cavity filled with air, in an animal or plant.

2. A cavity containing air to act as a spring for equalizing the flow of a liquid in a pump or other hydraulic machine.

Air cock

Air" cock` (#). A faucet to allow escape of air.

Air-drawn

Air"-drawn" (#), a. Drawn in air; imaginary.
This is the air-drawn dagger. Shak.

Air drill

Air" drill` (#). A drill driven by the elastic pressure of condensed air; a pneumatic drill. Knight.

Air engine

Air" engine` (#). An engine driven by heated or by compressed air. Knight.

Airer

Air"er (#), n.

1. One who exposes to the air.

2. A frame on which clothes are aired or dried.

Air gas

Air" gas` (#). See under Gas.

Air gun

Air" gun` (#). A kind of gun in which the elastic force of condensed air is used to discharge the ball. The air is powerfully compressed into a reservoir attached to the gun, by a condensing pump, and is controlled by a valve actuated by the trigger. <-- airhead -->

Air hole

Air" hole` (#).

1. A hole to admit or discharge air; specifically, a spot in the ice not frozen over.

2. (Founding) A fault in a casting, produced by a bubble of air; a blowhole.

Airily

Air"i*ly (#), adv. In an airy manner; lightly; gaily; jauntily; fippantly.

Airiness

Air"i*ness, n.

1. The state or quality of being airy; openness or exposure to the air; as, the airiness of a country seat.

2. Lightness of spirits; gayety; levity; as, the airiness of young persons.

Airing

Air"ing (#), n.

1. A walk or a ride in the open air; a short excursion for health's sake.

2. An exposure to air, or to a fire, for warming, drying, etc.; as, the airing of linen, or of a room.

Air jacket

Air" jack`et (#). A jacket having air-tight cells, or cavities which can be filled with air, to render persons buoyant in swimming.

Airless

Air"less (#), a. Not open to a free current of air; wanting fresh air, or communication with the open air.

Air level

Air" lev`el (#). Spirit level. See Level.

Airlike

Air"like` (#), a. Resembling air.

Airling

Air"ling (#), n. A thoughtless, gay person. [Obs.] "Slight airlings." B. Jonson.

Airometer

Air*om"e*ter (#), n. [Air + -meter.] A hollow cylinder to contain air. It is closed above and open below, and has its open end plunged into water.

Air pipe

Air" pipe` (#). A pipe for the passage of air; esp. a ventilating pipe.

Air plant

Air" plant` (#). (Bot.) A plant deriving its sustenance from the air alone; an a\'89rophyte. &hand; The "Florida moss" (Tillandsia), many tropical orchids, and most mosses and lichens are air plants. Those which are lodged upon trees, but not parasitic on them, are epiphytes.

Air poise

Air" poise` (#). [See Poise.] A

Air pump

Air" pump` (#).

1. (Physics) A kind of pump for exhausting air from a vessel or closed space; also, a pump to condense air of force in into a closed space.

2. (Steam Engines) A pump used to exhaust from a condenser the condensed steam, the water used for condensing, and any commingled air.

Air sac

Air" sac` (#). (Anat.) One of the spaces in different parts. of the bodies of birds, which are filled with air and connected with the air passages of the lungs; an air cell.

Air shaft

Air" shaft` (#). A passage, usually vertical, for admitting fresh air into a mine or a tunnel.

Air-slacked

Air"-slacked` (#), a. Slacked, or pulverized, by exposure to the air; as, air-slacked lime.

Air stove

Air" stove` (#). A stove for heating a current of air which is directed against its surface by means of pipes, and then distributed through a building.

Air-tight

Air"-tight` (#), a. So tight as to be impermeable to air; as, an air-tight cylinder.

Air-tight

Air"-tight`, n. A stove the draft of which can be almost entirely shut off. [Colloq. U. S.]

Air vessel

Air" ves`sel (#). A vessel, cell, duct, or tube containing or conducting air; as the air vessels of insects, birds, plants, etc.; the air vessel of a pump, engine, etc. For the latter, see Air chamber. The air vessels of insects are called trache\'91, of plants spiral vessels.

Airward, Airwards

Air"ward (#), Air"wards (#), adv. Toward the air; upward. [R.] Keats.

Airy

Air"y (#), a.

1. Consisting of air; as, an airy substance; the airy parts of bodies.

2. Relating or belonging to air; high in air; a\'89rial; as, an airy flight. "The airy region." Milton.

3. Open to a free current of air; exposed to the air; breezy; as, an airy situation.

4. Resembling air; thin; unsubstantial; not material; airlike. "An airy spirit." Shak.

5. Relating to the spirit or soul; delicate; graceful; as, airy music.

6. Without reality; having no solid foundation; empty; trifling; visionary. "Airy fame." Shak.

Empty sound, and airy notions. Roscommon.

7. Light of heart; vivacious; sprightly; flippant; superficial. "Merry and airy." Jer. Taylor.

8. Having an affected manner; being in the habit of putting on airs; affectedly grand. [Colloq.]

9. (Paint.) Having the light and a\'89rial tints true to nature. Elmes.

Aisle

Aisle (#), n. [OF. ele, F. aile, wing, wing of a building, L. ala, contr. fr. axilla.] (Arch.) (a) A lateral division of a building, separated from the middle part, called the nave, by a row of columns or piers, which support the roof or an upper wall containing windows, called the clearstory wall. (b) Improperly used also for the have; -- as in the phrases, a church with three aisles, the middle aisle. (c) Also (perhaps from confusion with alley), a passage into which the pews of a church open.

Aisled

Aisled (#), a. Furnished with an aisle or aisles.

Aisless

Ais"less (#), a. Without an aisle.

Ait

Ait (#), n. [AS. \'c6eg, \'c6g, island. See Eyot.] An islet, or little isle, in a river or lake; an eyot.
The ait where the osiers grew. R. Hodges (1649).
Among green aits and meadows. Dickens.

Ait

Ait (#), n. Oat. [Scot.] Burns.

Aitch

Aitch (#), n. The letter h or H.

Aitchbone

Aitch"bone` (#), n. [For nachebone. For loss of n, cf. Adder. See Natch.] The bone of the rump; also, the cut of beef surrounding this bone. [Spelt also edgebone.]

Aitiology

Ai`ti*ol"o*gy (#), n. See \'92tiology.

Ajar

A*jar" (#), adv. [OE. on char ajar, on the turn; AS. cerr, cyrr, turn, akin to G. kehren to turn, and to D. akerre. See Char.] Slightly turned or opened; as, the door was standing ajar.

Ajar

A*jar" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + jar.] In a state of discord; out of harmony; as, he is ajar with the world.

Ajog

A*jog" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + jog.] On the jog.

Ajutage

Aj"u*tage (#), n. [F. ajutage, for ajoutage, fr. ajouter to add, LL. adjuxtare, fr. L. ad + juxta near to, nigh. Cf. Adjutage, Adjustage, Adjust.] A tube through which is water is discharged; an efflux tube; as, the ajutage of a fountain.

Ake

Ake (#), n. & v. See Ache.

Akene

A*kene" (#), n. (Bot.) Same as Achene.

Aketon

Ak"e*ton (#), n. [Obs.] See Acton.

Akimbo

A*kim"bo (#), a. [Etymology unknown. Cf. Kimbo.] With a crook or bend; with the hand on the hip and elbow turned outward. "With one arm akimbo." Irving.

Akin

A*kin" (#), a. [Pref. a- (for of) + kin.]

1. Of the same kin; related by blood; -- used of persons; as, the two families are near akin.

2. Allied by nature; partaking of the same properties; of the same kind. "A joy akin to rapture." Cowper.

The literary character of the work is akin to its moral character. Jeffrey.
&hand; This adjective is used only after the noun.

Akinesia

Ak`i*ne"si*a (#), n. [Gr. (Med.) Paralysis of the motor nerves; loss of movement. Foster.

Akinesic

Ak`i*ne"sic (#), a. (med.) Pertaining to akinesia.

Aknee

A*knee" (#), adv. On the knee. [R.] Southey.

Aknow

Ak*now" (#). Earlier form of Acknow. [Obs.] To be aknow, to acknowledge; to confess. [Obs.]

Al

Al (#), a. All. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Al-

Al-. A prefix. (a) [AS. eal.] All; wholly; completely; as, almighty,almost. (b) [L. ad.] To; at; on; -- in OF. shortened to a-. See Ad-. (c) The Arabic definite article answering to the English the; as, Alkoran, the Koran or the Book; alchemy, the chemistry.

Al

Al. conj. Although; if. [Obs.] See All, conj.

Ala

A"la (#), n.; pl. Al\'91 (#). [L., a wing.] (Biol.) A winglike organ, or part.

Alabama period

Al`a*ba"ma pe"ri*od (#). (Geol.) A period in the American eocene, the lowest in the tertiary age except the lignitic.

Alabaster

Al"a*bas"ter (#), n. [L. alabaster, Gr. Alabastron, the name of a town in Egypt, near which it was common: cf. OF. alabastre, F. alb\'83tre.]

1. (Min.) (a) A compact variety or sulphate of lime, or gypsum, of fine texture, and usually white and translucent, but sometimes yellow, red, or gray. It is carved into vases, mantel ornaments, etc. (b) A hard, compact variety of carbonate of lime, somewhat translucent, or of banded shades of color; stalagmite. The name is used in this sense by Pliny. It is sometimes distinguished as oriental alabaster.

2. A box or vessel for holding odoriferous ointments, etc.; -- so called from the stone of which it was originally made. Fosbroke.

Alabastrian

Al`a*bas"tri*an (#), a. Alabastrine.

Alabastrine

Al`a*bas"trine (#), a. Of, pertaining to, or like, alabaster; as alabastrine limbs.

Alabastrum

Al`a*bas"trum (#), n.; pl. Alabastra (#). [NL.] (Bot.) A flower bud. Gray.

Alack

A*lack" (#), interj. [Prob. from ah! lack! OE. lak loss, failure, misfortune. See Lack.] An exclamation expressive of sorrow. [Archaic. or Poet.] Shak.

Alackaday

A*lack"a*day` (#), interj. [For alack the day. Cf. Lackaday.] An exclamation expressing sorrow. &hand; Shakespeare has "alack the day" and "alack the heavy day." Compare "woe worth the day."

Alacrify

A*lac"ri*fy (#), v. t. [L. alacer, alacris, lively + -fly.] To rouse to action; to inspirit.

Alacrious

A*lac"ri*ous (#), a. [L. alacer, alacris.] Brisk; joyously active; lively.
'T were well if we were a little more alacrious. Hammond.

Alacriously

A*lac"ri*ous*ly, adv. With alacrity; briskly.

Alacriousness

A*lac"ri*ous*ness, n. Alacrity. [Obs.] Hammond.

Alacrity

A*lac"ri*ty (#), n. [L. alacritas, fr. alacer lively, eager, prob. akin to Gr. aljan zeal.] A cheerful readiness, willingness, or promptitude; joyous activity; briskness; sprightliness; as, the soldiers advanced with alacrity to meet the enemy.
I have not that alacrity of spirit, Nor cheer of mind that I was wont to have. Shak.

Aladinist

A*lad"in*ist (#), n. [From Aladin, for Ala Eddin, i. e., height of religion, a learned divine under Mohammed II. and Bajazet II.] One of a sect of freethinkers among the Mohammedans.

Alalonga, or Alilonghi

Al`a*lon"ga (#), or Al`i*lon"ghi
(#), n. (Zo\'94l.) The tunny. See Albicore.

Alamire

A`la*mi"re (#), n. [Compounded of a la mi re, names of notes in the musical scale.] The lowest note but one in Guido Aretino's scale of music.

Alamodality

Al`a*mo*dal"i*ty (#), n. The quality of being \'85 la mode; conformity to the mode or fashion; fashionableness. [R.] Southey.

Alamode

Al"a*mode` (#), adv. & a. [F. \'85 la mode after the fashion.] According to the fashion or prevailing mode. "Alamode beef shops." Macaulay.

Alamode

Al"a*mode`, n. A thin, black silk for hoods, scarfs, etc.; -- often called simply mode. Buchanan.

Alamort

Al`a*mort" (#), a. [F. \'85 la mort to the death. Cf. Amort.] To the death; mortally.

Alan

A*lan" (#), n. [OF. alan, alant; cf. Sp. alano.] A wolfhound. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Aland

A*land" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + land.] On land; to the land; ashore. "Cast aland." Sir P. Sidney.

Alanine

Al"a*nine (#), n. [Aldehyde + the ending -ine. The -n- is a euphonic insertion.] (Chem.) A white crystalline base, C3H7NO2, derived from aldehyde ammonia.<-- one of the amino acids found in the protein of most living tissues -->

Alantin

A*lan"tin (#), n. [G. alant elecampane, the Inula helenium of Linn\'91us.] (Chem.) See Inulin.

Alar

A"lar (#), a. [L. alarius, fr. ala wing: cf. F. alaire.]

1. Pertaining to, or having, wings.

2. (Bot.) Axillary; in the fork or axil. Gray.


Page 36

Alarm

A*larm" (#), n. [F. alarme, It. all' arme to arms ! fr. L. arma, pl., arms. See Arms, and cf. Alarum.]

1. A summons to arms, as on the approach of an enemy.

Arming to answer in a night alarm. Shak.

2. Any sound or information intended to give notice of approaching danger; a warming sound to arouse attention; a warning of danger.

Sound an alarm in my holy mountain. Joel ii. 1.

3. A sudden attack; disturbance; broil. [R.] "These home alarms." Shak.

Thy palace fill with insults and alarms. Pope.

4. Sudden surprise with fear or terror excited by apprehension of danger; in the military use, commonly, sudden apprehension of being attacked by surprise.

Alarm and resentment spread throughout the camp. Macaulay.

5. A mechanical contrivance for awaking persons from sleep, or rousing their attention; an alarum. Alarm bell, a bell that gives notice on danger. -- Alarm clock or watch, a clock or watch which can be so set as to ring or strike loudly at a prearranged hour, to wake from sleep, or excite attention. -- Alarm gauge, a contrivance attached to a steam boiler for showing when the pressure of steam is too high, or the water in the boiler too low. -- Alarm post, a place to which troops are to repair in case of an alarm. Syn. -- Fright; affright; terror; trepidation; apprehension; consternation; dismay; agitation; disquiet; disquietude. -- Alarm, Fright, Terror, Consternation. These words express different degrees of fear at the approach of danger. Fright is fear suddenly excited, producing confusion of the senses, and hence it is unreflecting. Alarm is the hurried agitation of feeling which springs from a sense of immediate and extreme exposure. Terror is agitating and excessive fear, which usually benumbs the faculties. Consternation is overwhelming fear, and carries a notion of powerlessness and amazement. Alarm agitates the feelings; terror disorders the understanding and affects the will; fright seizes on and confuses the sense; consternation takes possession of the soul, and subdues its faculties. See Apprehension.

Alarm

A*larm", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alarmed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Alarming.] [Alarm, n. Cf. F. alarmer.]

1. To call to arms for defense; to give notice to (any one) of approaching danger; to rouse to vigilance and action; to put on the alert.

2. To keep in excitement; to disturb.

3. To surprise with apprehension of danger; to fill with anxiety in regard to threatening evil; to excite with sudden fear.

Alarmed by rumors of military preparation. Macaulay.

Alarmable

A*larm"a*ble (#), a. Easily alarmed or disturbed.

Alarmed

A*larmed" (#), a. Aroused to vigilance; excited by fear of approaching danger; agitated; disturbed; as, an alarmed neighborhood; an alarmed modesty.
The white pavilions rose and fell On the alarmed air. Longfellow.

Alarmedly

A*larm"ed*ly (#), adv. In an alarmed manner.

Alarming

A*larm"ing, a. Exciting, or calculated to excite, alarm; causing apprehension of danger; as, an alarming crisis or report. -- A*larm"ing*ly, adv.

Alarmist

A*larm"ist, n. [Cf. F. alarmiste.] One prone to sound or excite alarms, especially, needless alarms. Macaulay.

Alarum

A*lar"um (?; 277), n. [OE. alarom, the same word as alarm, n.] See Alarm. [Now Poetic] &hand; The variant form alarum is now commonly restricted to an alarm signal or the mechanism to sound an alarm (as in an alarm clock.)

Alary

Al"a*ry (#), a. [L. alarius, fr. ala wing.] Of or pertaining to wings; also, wing-shaped.
The alary system of insects. Wollaston.

Alas

A*las" (#), interj. [OE. alas, allas, OF. alas, F. h\'82las; a interj. (L. ah.) + las wretched (that I am), L. lassus weary, akin to E. late. See Late.] An exclamation expressive of sorrow, pity, or apprehension of evil; -- in old writers, sometimes followed by day or white; alas the day, like alack a day, or alas the white.

Alate

A*late" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + late.] Lately; of late. [Archaic]
There hath been alate such tales spread abroad. Latimer.

Alate, Alated

A"late (#), A"la*ted (#), a. [L. alatus, from ala wing.] Winged; having wings, or side appendages like wings.

Alatern, Alaternus

Al"a*tern (#), Al`a*ter"nus (#), n. [L. ala wing + terni three each.] (Bot.) An ornamental evergreen shrub (Rhamnus alaternus) belonging to the buckthorns.

Alation

A*la"tion (#), n. [F., fr. L. alatus winged.] The state of being winged.

Alaunt

A*launt" (#), n. See Alan. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Alb

Alb (#), n. [OE. albe, LL. alba, fr. L. albus white. Cf. Album and Aube.] A vestment of white linen, reaching to the feet, an enveloping the person; -- in the Roman Catholic church, worn by those in holy orders when officiating at mass. It was formerly worn, at least by clerics, in daily life.

Albacore

Al"ba*core (#), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Albicore.

Alban

Al"ban (#), n. [L. albus white.] (Chem.) A white crystalline resinous substance extracted from gutta-percha by the action of alcohol or ether.

Albanian

Al*ba"ni*an (#), a. Of or pertaining to Albania, a province of Turkey. -- n. A native of Albania.

Albata

Al*ba"ta (#), n. [L. albatus, p. p. of albare to make white, fr. albus white.] A white metallic alloy; which is made into spoons, forks, teapots, etc. British plate or German silver. See German silver, under German.

Albatross

Al"ba*tross (#), n. [Corrupt. fr. Pg. alcatraz cormorant, albatross, or Sp. alcatraz a pelican: cf. Pg. alcatruz, Sp. arcaduz, a bucket, fr. Ar. al-q\'bedus the bucket, fr. Gr. ka`dos, a water vessel. So an Arabic term for pelican is water-carrier, as a bird carrying water in its pouch.] (Zo\'94l.) A web-footed bird, of the genus Diomedea, of which there are several species. They are the largest of sea birds, capable of long-continued flight, and are often seen at great distances from the land. They are found chiefly in the southern hemisphere.

Albe, Albee

Al`be", Al`bee" (#), conj. [See Albeit.] Although; albeit. [Obs.]
Albe Clarissa were their chiefest founderess. Spenser.

Albedo

Al*be"do (#), n. [L., fr. albus white.] Whiteness. Specifically: (Astron.) The ratio which the light reflected from an unpolished surface bears to the total light falling upon that surface.

Albeit

Al`be"it (#), conj. [OE. al be although it be, where al is our all. Cf. Although.] Even though; although; notwithstanding. Chaucer.
Albeit so masked, Madam, I love the truth. Tennyson.

Albertite

Al"bert*ite (#), n. (Min.) A bituminous mineral resembling asphaltum, found in the county of A.

Albertype

Al"ber*type (#), n. [From the name of the inventor, Albert, of Munich.] A picture printed from a kind of gelatine plate produced by means of a photographic negative.

Albescence

Al*bes"cence (#), n. The act of becoming white; whitishness.

Albescent

Al*bes"cent (#), a. [L. albescens, p. pr. of albescere to grow white, fr. albus white.] Becoming white or whitish; moderately white.

Albicant

Al"bi*cant (#), a. [L. albicans, p. pr. of albicare, albicatum, to be white, fr. albus white.] Growing or becoming white.

Albication

Al`bi*ca"tion (#), n. The process of becoming white, or developing white patches, or streaks.

Albicore

Al"bi*core (#), n. [F. albicore (cf. Sp. albacora, Pg. albacor, albacora, albecora), fr. Ar. bakr, bekr, a young camel, young cow, heifer, and the article al: cf. Pg. bacoro a little pig.] (Zo\'94l.) A name applied to several large fishes of the Mackerel family, esp. Orcynus alalonga. One species (Orcynus thynnus), common in the Mediterranean and Atlantic, is called in New England the horse mackerel; the tunny. [Written also albacore.]

Albification

Al`bi*fi*ca"tion (#), n. [Cf. F. albification: L. albus white + ficare (only in comp.), facere, to make.] The act or process of making white. [Obs.]

Albigenses, Albigeois

Al`bi*gen"ses (#), Al`bi`geois" (#), n. pl. [From Albi and Albigeois, a town and its district in the south of France, in which the sect abounded.] (Eccl. Hist.) A sect of reformers opposed to the church of Rome in the 12th centuries. The Albigenses were a branch of the Catharists (the pure). They were exterminated by crusades and the Inquisition. They were distinct from the Waldenses.

Albigensian

Al`bi*gen"sian (#), a. Of or pertaining to the Albigenses.

Albiness

Al*bi"ness (#), n. A female albino. Holmes.

Albinism

Al"bi*nism (#), n. The state or condition of being an albino: abinoism; leucopathy.

Albinistic

Al`bi*nis"tic (#), a. Affected with albinism.

Albino

Al*bi"no (?; 277), n.; pl. Albinos (#). [Sp. or Pg. albino, orig. whitish, fr. albo white, L. albus.] A person, whether negro, Indian, or white, in whom by some defect of organization the substance which gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes is deficient or in a morbid state. An albino has a skin of a milky hue, with hair of the same color, and eyes with deep red pupil and pink or blue iris. The term is also used of the lower animals, as white mice, elephants, etc.; and of plants in a whitish condition from the absence of chlorophyll. Amer. Cyc. &hand; The term was originally applied by the Portuguese to negroes met with on the coast of Africa, who were mottled with white spots.

Albinoism

Al*bi"no*ism (#), n. The state or condition of being an albino; albinism.

Albinotic

Al`bi*not"ic (#), a. Affected with albinism.

Albion

Al"bi*on (#), n. [Prob. from the same root as Gael. alp a height or hill. "It may have been bestowed on the land lying behind the white cliffs visible from the coast of Gaul. Albany, the old name of Scotland, means probably the "hilly land." I. Taylor.] An ancient name of England, still retained in poetry.
In that nook-shotten isle of Albion. Shak.

Albite

Al"bite (#), n. [L. albus white.] (Min.) A mineral of the feldspar family, triclinic in crystallization, and in composition a silicate of alumina and soda. It is a common constituent of granite and of various igneous rocks. See Feldspar.

Albolith

Al"bo*lith (#), n. [L. albus white + -lith.] A kind of plastic cement, or artificial stone, consisting chiefly of magnesia and silica; -- called also albolite.

Alborak

Al"bo*rak (?; 277), n. [Ar. al-bur\'beq, fr. baraqa to flash, shine.] The imaginary milk-white animal on which Mohammed was said to have been carried up to heaven; a white mule.

Albugineous

Al`bu*gin"e*ous (#), a. [See Albugo.] Of the nature of, or resembling, the white of the eye, or of an egg; albuminous; -- a term applied to textures, humors, etc., which are perfectly white.

Albugo

Al*bu"go (#), n.; pl. Albugines (#). [L., whiteness, fr. albus white.] (Med.) Same as Leucoma.

Album

Al"bum (#), n. [L., neut. of albus white: cf. F. album. Cf. Alb.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.) A white tablet on which anything was inscribed, as a list of names, etc.

2. A register for visitors' names; a visitors' book.

3. A blank book, in which to insert autographs sketches, memorial writing of friends, photographs, etc.

Albumen

Al*bu"men (#), n. [L., fr. albus white.]

1. The white of an egg.

2. (Bot.) Nourishing matter stored up within the integuments of the seed in many plants, but not incorporated in the embryo. It is the floury part in corn, wheat, and like grains, the oily part in poppy seeds, the fleshy part in the cocoanut, etc.

3. (Chem.) Same as Albumin.

Albumenize

Al*bu"men*ize (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Albumenized (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Albumenizing.] To cover or saturate with albumen; to coat or treat with an albuminous solution; as, to albuminize paper.

Album Gr\'91cum

Al"bum Gr\'91"cum (#). [L., Greek white.] Dung of dogs or hyenas, which becomes white by exposure to air. It is used in dressing leather, and was formerly used in medicine.

Albumin

Al*bu"min (#), n. (Chem.) A thick, viscous nitrogenous substance, which is the chief and characteristic constituent of white of eggs and of the serum of blood, and is found in other animal substances, both fluid and solid, also in many plants. It is soluble in water is coagulated by heat ad by certain chemical reagents. Acid albumin, a modification of albumin produced by the action of dilute acids. It is not coagulated by heat. -- Alkali albumin, albumin as modified by the action of alkaline substances; -- called also albuminate.

Albuminate

Al*bu"mi*nate (#), n. (Chem.) A substance produced by the action of an alkali upon albumin, and resembling casein in its properties; also, a compound formed by the union of albumin with another substance.

Albuminiferous

Al*bu`mi*nif"er*ous (#), a. [L. albumen + -ferous.] Supplying albumen.

Albuminimeter

Al*bu`mi*nim"e*ter (#), n. [L. albumen, albuminis + -meter: cf. F. albuminim\'8atre.] An instrument for ascertaining the quantity of albumen in a liquid.

Albuminin

Al*bu"mi*nin (#), n. (Chem.) The substance of the cells which inclose the white of birds' eggs.

Albuminiparous

Al*bu`mi*nip"a*rous (#), a. [L. albumen + parere to bear, bring forth.] Producing albumin.

Albuminoid

Al*bu"mi*noid (#), a. [L. albumen + -oid.] (Chem.) Resembling albumin. -- n. One of a class of organic principles (called also proteids) which form the main part of organized tissues.<-- = protein. --> Brunton.

Albuminoidal

Al*bu`mi*noid"al (#), a. (Chem.) Of the nature of an albuminoid.

Albuminose

Al*bu"mi*nose` (#), n. (Chem.) A diffusible substance formed from albumin by the action of natural or artificial gastric juice. See Peptone. <-- *note* this term is used in this dictionary in the sense now expressed as "proteinaceous" -->

Albuminous, Albuminose

Al*bu"mi*nous (#), Al*bu"mi*nose` (#), a. [Cf. F. albumineux.] Pertaining to, or containing, albumen; having the properties of, or resembling, albumen or albumin. -- Al*bu"mi*nous*ness, n.

Albuminuria

Al*bu`mi*nu"ri*a (#), n. [NL., fr. L. albumen + Gr. (Med.) A morbid condition in which albumin is present in the urine.

Albumose

Al"bu*mose` (#), n. [From albumin.] (Chem.) A compound or class of compounds formed from albumin by dilute acids or by an acid solution of pepsin. Used also in combination, as antialbumose, hemialbumose.

Alburn

Al"burn (#), n. [L. alburnus, fr. L. albus white. Cf. Auburn.] (Zo\'94l.) The bleak, a small European fish having scales of a peculiarly silvery color which are used in making artificial pearls.

Alburnous

Al*bur"nous (#), a. Of or pertaining to alburnum; of the alburnum; as, alburnous substances.

Alburnum

Al*bur"num (#), n. [L., fr. albus white.] (Bot.) The white and softer part of wood, between the inner bark and the hard wood or duramen; sapwood.

Albyn

Al"byn (#), n. [See Albion.] Scotland; esp. the Highlands of Scotland. T. Cambell.

Alcade

Al*cade" (#), n. Same as Alcaid.

Alcahest

Al"ca*hest (#), n. Same as Alkahest.

Alcaic

Al*ca"ic (#), a. [L. Alca\'8bcus, Gr. Pertaining to Alc\'91us, a lyric poet of Mitylene, about 6000 b. c. -- n. A kind of verse, so called from Alc\'91us. One variety consists of five feet, a spondee or iambic, an iambic, a long syllable, and two dactyls.

Alcaid, Alcayde

Al*caid", Al*cayde" (#)
, n. [Sp. alcaide, fr. Ar. al-q\'be\'c6d governor, fr. q\'beda to lead, govern.]

1. A commander of a castle or fortress among the Spaniards, Portuguese, and Moors.

2. The warden, or keeper of a jail.

Alcalde

Al*cal"de (#), n. [Sp. alcalde, fr. Ar. al-q\'bed\'c6 judge, fr. qada to decide, judge. Hence, the cadi of the Turks. Cf. Cadi.] A magistrate or judge in Spain and in Spanish America, etc. Prescott. &hand; Sometimes confounded with Alcaid.

Alcalimeter

Al`ca*lim"e*ter, n. See Alkalimeter.

Alcanna

Al*can"na (#), n. [Sp. alcana, alhe, fr. Ar. al-hinn\'be. See Henna, and cf. Alkanet.] (Bot.) An oriental shrub (Lawsonia inermis) from which henna is obtained.

Alcarraza

Al`car*ra"za (#), n.; pl. Alcarrazas. (#) [Sp., from Ar. al-kurr\'bez earthen vessel.] A vessel of porous earthenware, used for cooling liquids by evaporation from the exterior surface.
Page 37

Alcayde

Al*cayde" (#), n. Same as Alcaid.

Alcazar

Al*ca"zar (#), n. [ fr. Ar. al the + qacr (in pl.) a castle.] A fortress; also, a royal palace. Prescott.

Alcedo

Al*ce"do (#), n. [L., equiv. to Gr. Halcyon.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of perching birds, including the European kingfisher (Alcedo ispida). See Halcyon.

Alchemic, Alchemical

Al*chem"ic (#), Al*chem"ic*al (#), a. [Cf. F. alchimique.] Of or relating to alchemy.

Alchemically

Al*chem"ic*al*ly, adv. In the manner of alchemy.

Alchemist

Al"che*mist (#), n. [Cf. OF. alquemiste, F. alchimiste.] One who practices alchemy.
You are alchemist; make gold. Shak.

Alchemistic, Alchemistical

Al`che*mis"tic (#), Al`che*mis"tic*al (#), a. Relating to or practicing alchemy.
Metaphysical and alchemistical legislators. Burke.

Alchemistry

Al"che*mis*try (#), n. Alchemy. [Obs.]

Alchemize

Al"che*mize (#), v. t. To change by alchemy; to transmute. Lovelace.

Alchemy

Al"che*my (#), n. [OF. alkemie, arquemie, F. alchimie, Ar. al-k\'c6m\'c6a, fr. late Gr. alquimia, It. alchimia. Gr. fundere to pour, Goth. guitan, AS. ge\'a2tan, to pour, and so to E. fuse. See Fuse, and cf. Chemistry.]

1. An imaginary art which aimed to transmute the baser metals into gold, to find the panacea, or universal remedy for diseases, etc. It led the way to modern chemistry.

2. A mixed metal composed mainly of brass, formerly used for various utensils; hence, a trumpet. [Obs.]

Put to their mouths the sounding alchemy. Milton.

3. Miraculous power of transmuting something common into something precious.

Kissing with golden face the meadows green, Gilding pale streams with heavenly alchemy. Shak.

Alchymic, a., Alchymist, n., Alchymistic, a., Alchymy

Al*chym"ic (#), a., Al"chy*mist (#), n., Al`chy*mis"tic (#), a., Al"chy*my (#), n.
See Alchemic, Alchemist, Alchemistic, Alchemy.

Alco

Al"co (#), n. A small South American dog, domesticated by the aborigines.

Alcoate, Alcohate

Al"co*ate (#), Al"co*hate (#), n. Shortened forms of Alcoholate.

Alcohol

Al"co*hol (#), n. [Cf. F. alcool, formerly written alcohol, Sp. alcohol alcohol, antimony, galena, OSp. alcofol; all fr. Ar. al-kohl a powder of antimony or galena, to paint the eyebrows with. The name was afterwards applied, on account of the fineness of this powder, to highly rectified spirits, a signification unknown in Arabia. The Sp. word has bot meanings. Cf. Alquifou.]

1. An impalpable powder. [Obs.]

2. The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by distillation. [Obs.] Boyle.

3. Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified spirit (called also ethyl alcohol); the spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or distilled liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it in considerable quantity. It is extracted by simple distillation from various vegetable juices and infusions of a saccharine nature, which have undergone vinous fermentation. &hand; As used in the U. S. "Pharmacop&oe;ia, alcohol contains 91 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 9 per cent of water; and diluted alcohol (proof spirit) contains 45.5 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 54.5 per cent of water.

4. (Organic Chem.) A class of compounds analogous to vinic alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking, they are hydroxides of certain organic radicals; as, the radical ethyl forms common or ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH); methyl forms methyl alcohol (CH3.OH) or wood spirit; amyl forms amyl alcohol (C5H11.OH) or fusel oil, etc.

Alcoholate

Al"co*hol*ate (#), n. [Cf. F. alcolaie.] (Chem.) A crystallizable compound of a salt with alcohol, in which the latter plays a part analogous to that of water of crystallization. Graham.

Alcoholature

Al`co*hol"a*ture (#), n. [Cf. F. alcoolature.] (Med.) An alcoholic tincture prepared with fresh plants. New Eng. Dict.

Alcoholic

Al`co*hol"ic (#), a. [Cf. F. alcolique.] Of or pertaining to alcohol, or partaking of its qualities; derived from, or caused by, alcohol; containing alcohol; as, alcoholic mixtures; alcoholic gastritis; alcoholic odor.

Alcoholic

Al`co*hol"ic, n.

1. A person given to the use of alcoholic liquors.

2. pl. Alcoholic liquors.

Alcoholism

Al"co*hol*ism (#), n. [Cf. F. alcoolisme.] (Med.) A diseased condition of the system, brought about by the continued use of alcoholic liquors.

Alcoholization

Al`co*hol`i*za"tion (#), n. [Cf. F. alcoolisation.]

1. The act of reducing a substance to a fine or impalpable powder. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. The act rectifying spirit.

3. Saturation with alcohol; putting the animal system under the influence of alcoholic liquor.

Alcoholize

Al"co*hol*ize (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Alcoholized (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Alcoholizing.] [Cf. F. alcooliser.]

1. To reduce to a fine powder. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. To convert into alcohol; to rectify; also, to saturate with alcohol.

Alcoholometer, Alcoholmeter

Al`co*hol*om"e*ter (#), Al`co*hol"me*ter (#), n. [Alcohol + -meter.] (Chem.) An instrument for determining the strength of spirits, with a scale graduated so as to indicate the percentage of pure alcohol, either by weight or volume. It is usually a form of hydrometer with a special scale.

Alcoholometric, Alcoholometrical, Alcoholmetrical

Al`co*hol`o*met"ric (#), Al`co*hol`o*met"ric*al (#), Al`co*hol*met"ric*al (#)
, a. Relating to the alcoholometer or alcoholometry.
The alcoholometrical strength of spirituous liquors. Ure.

Alcoholometry

Al`co*hol"om"e*try (#), n. The process or method of ascertaining the proportion of pure alcohol which spirituous liquors contain.

Alcohometer, n., Alcohometric

Al`co*hom"e*ter (#), n., Al`co*ho*met"ric
, a. Same as Alcoholometer, Alcoholometric.

Alco\'94metry

Al`co*\'94m"e*try (#), n. See Alcoholometry. &hand; The chemists say alcom\'8atre, alcoom\'8atrie, doubtless by the suppression of a syllable in order to avoid a disagreeable sequence of sounds. (Cf. Idolatry.) Littr\'82.

Alcoran

Al"co*ran (?; 277), n. [ets>alcoran, fr. Ar. al-qor\'ben, orig. the reading, the book, fr. qaraa to read. Cf. Koran.] The Mohammedan Scriptures; the Koran (now the usual form). [Spelt also Alcoran.]

Alcoranic

Al`co*ran"ic (#), a. Of or pertaining to the Koran.

Alcoranist

Al`co*ran"ist, n. One who adheres to the letter of the Koran, rejecting all traditions.

Alcove

Al"cove (?; 277), n. [F. alc\'93ve, Sp. or Pg. alcoba, from Ar. al-quobbah arch, vault, tent.]

1. (Arch.) A recessed portion of a room, or a small room opening into a larger one; especially, a recess to contain a bed; a lateral recess in a library.

2. A small ornamental building with seats, or an arched seat, in a pleasure ground; a garden bower. Cowper.

3. Any natural recess analogous to an alcove or recess in an apartment.

The youthful wanderers found a wild alcove. Falconer.

Alcyon

Al"cy*on (#), n. See Halcyon.

Alcyonacea

Al`cy*o*na"ce*a (#), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of soft-bodied Alcyonaria, of which Alcyonium is the type. See Illust. under Alcyonaria.

Alcyonaria

Al`cy*o*na"ri*a (#), n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the orders of Anthozoa. It includes the Alcyonacea, Pennatulacea, and Gorgonacea.

Alcyones

Al*cy"o*nes (#), n. pl. [L., pl. of Alcyon.] (Zo\'94l.) The kingfishers.

Alcyonic

Al`cy*on"ic (#), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Alcyonaria.

Alcyonium

Al`cy*o"ni*um (#), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fleshy Alcyonaria, its polyps somewhat resembling flowers with eight fringed rays. The term was also formerly used for certain species of sponges.

Alcyonoid

Al"cy*o*noid (#), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the Alcyonaria. -- n. A zo\'94phyte of the order Alcyonaria.

Alday

Al"day (#), adv. Continually. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Aldebaran

Al*deb"a*ran (#), n. [Ar. al-debar\'ben, fr. dabar to follow; so called because this star follows upon the Pleiades.] (Astron.) A red star of the first magnitude, situated in the eye of Taurus; the Bull's Eye. It is the bright star in the group called the Hyades.
Now when Aldebaran was mounted high Above the shiny Cassiopeia's chair. Spenser.

Aldehyde

Al"de*hyde (#), n. [Abbrev. fr. alcohol dehydrogenatum, alcohol deprived of its hydrogen.] (Chem.) A colorless, mobile, and very volatile liquid obtained from alcohol by certain of oxidation. &hand; The aldehydes are intermediate between the alcohols and acids, and differ from the alcohols in having two less hydrogen atoms in the molecule, as common aldehyde (called also acetic aldehyde or ethyl aldehyde), C2H4O; methyl aldehyde, CH2O. Aldehyde ammonia (Chem.), a compound formed by the union of aldehyde with ammonia.

Aldehydic

Al`de*hy"dic (#), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to aldehyde; as, aldehydic acid. Miller.

Alder

Al"der (#), n. [OE. aldir, aller, fr. AS. alr, aler, alor, akin to D. els, G. erle, Icel. erlir, erli, Swed. al, Dan. elle, el, L. alnus, and E. elm.] (Bot.) A tree, usually growing in moist land, and belonging to the genus Alnus. The wood is used by turners, etc.; the bark by dyers and tanners. In the U. S. the species of alder are usually shrubs or small trees. Black alder. (a) A European shrub (Rhamnus frangula); Alder buckthorn. (b) An American species of holly (Ilex verticillata), bearing red berries.

Alder, Aller

Al"der (#), Al"ler (#), a. [From ealra, alra, gen. pl. of AS. eal. The d is excrescent.] Of all; -- used in composition; as, alderbest, best of all, alderwisest, wisest of all. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Alder-liefest

Al`der-lief"est (#), a. [For allerliefest dearest of all. See Lief.] Most beloved. [Obs.] Shak.

Alderman

Al"der*man (#), n.; pl. Aldplwmen (#). [AS. aldormon, ealdorman; ealdor an elder + man. See Elder, n.]

1. A senior or superior; a person of rank or dignity. [Obs.] &hand; The title was applied, among the Anglo-Saxons, to princes, dukes, earls, senators, and presiding magistrates; also to archbishops and bishops, implying superior wisdom or authority. Thus Ethelstan, duke of the East-Anglians, was called Alderman of all England; and there were aldermen of cities, counties, and castles, who had jurisdiction within their respective districts.

3. One of a board or body of municipal officers next in order to the mayor and having a legislative function. They may, in some cases, individually exercise some magisterial and administrative functions.

Aldermancy

Al"der*man*cy (#), n. The office of an alderman.

Aldermanic

Al"der*man"ic (#), a. Relating to, becoming to, or like, an alderman; characteristic of an alderman.

Aldermanity

Al`der*man"i*ty (#), n.

1. Aldermen collectively; the body of aldermen.

2. The state of being an alderman. [Jocular]

Aldermanlike

Al`der*man*like` (#), a. Like or suited to an alderman.

Aldermanly

Al"der*man*ly, a. Pertaining to, or like, an alderman.

Aldermanly

Al"der*man*ly, a. Pertaining to, or like, an alderman. "An aldermanly discretion." Swift.

Aldermanry

Al"der*man*ry (#), n.

1. The district or ward of an alderman.

2. The office or rank of an alderman. [R.] B. Jonson.

Aldermanship

Al"der*man*ship, n. The condition, position, or office of an alderman. Fabyan.

Aldern

Al"dern (#), a. Made of alder.

Alderney

Al"der*ney (#), n. One of a breed of cattle raised in Alderney, one of the Channel Islands. Alderneys are of a dun or tawny color and are often called Jersey cattle. See Jersey, 3.

Aldine

Al"dine (?; 277), a. (Bibliog.) An epithet applied to editions (chiefly of the classics) which proceeded from the press of Aldus Manitius, and his family, of Venice, for the most part in the 16th century and known by the sign of the anchor and the dolphin. The term has also been applied to certain elegant editions of English works.

Ale

Ale (#), n. [AS. ealu, akin to Icel., Sw., and Dan. \'94l, Lith. alus a kind of beer, OSlav. ol beer. Cf. Ir. ol drink, drinking.]

1. An intoxicating liquor made from an infusion of malt by fermentation and the addition of a bitter, usually hops. &hand; The word ale, in England and the United States, usually designates a heavier kind of fermented liquor, and the word beer a lighter kind. The word beer is also in common use as the generic name for all malt liquors.

2. A festival in English country places, so called from the liquor drunk. "At wakes and ales." B. Jonson."On ember eves and holy ales." Shak.

Aleak

A*leak" (#), adv. & a. [Pref. a- + leak.] In a leaking condition.

Aleatory

A"le*a*to*ry (#), a. [L. aleatorius, fr. alea chance, die.] (Law) Depending on some uncertain contingency; as, an aleatory contract. Bouvier.

Alebench

Ale"bench` (#), n. A bench in or before an alehouse. Bunyan.

Aleberry

Ale"ber`ry (#), n. [OE. alebery, alebrey; ale + bre broth, fr. AS. br\'c6w pottage.] A beverage, formerly made by boiling ale with spice, sugar, and sops of bread.
Their aleberries, caudles, possets. Beau. & Fl.

Alecithal

A*lec"i*thal (#), a. [Gr. (Biol.) Applied to those ova which segment uniformly, and which have little or no food yelk embedded in their protoplasm. Balfour.

Aleconner

Ale"con`ner (#), n. [/Ale + con, OE. cunnen to test, AS. cunnian to test. See Con.] Orig., an officer appointed to look to the goodness of ale and beer; also, one of the officers chosen by the liverymen of London to inspect the measures used in public houses. But the office is a sinecure. [Also called aletaster.] [Eng.]

Alecost

Ale"cost` (#), n. [Ale + L. costus an aromatic plant: cf. Costmary.] (Bot.) The plant costmary, which was formerly much used for flavoring ale.

Alectorides

Al`ec*tor"i*des (#), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of birds including the common fowl and the pheasants.

Alectoromachy

A*lec`to*rom"a*chy (#), n. [Gr. Cockfighting.

Alectoromancy

A*lec"to*ro*man`cy (#), n. See Alectryomancy.

Alectryom'achy

A*lec`try*om'a*chy (#), n. [Gr. Cockfighting.

Alectryomancy

A*lec"try*o*man`cy (#), n. [Gr. -mancy.] Divination by means of a cock and grains of corn placed on the letters of the alphabet, the letters being put together in the order in which the grains were eaten. Amer. Cyc.

Alee

A*lee" (#), adv. [Pref. a- + lee