The American Civil War (1861–1865) was a separatist conflict between the United States Federal government (the "Union") and eleven Southern slave states that declared their secession and formed the Confederate States of America, led by President Jefferson Davis. The Union, led by President Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party, opposed the expansion of slavery and rejected any right of secession. Fighting commenced on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a Federal military installation at Fort Sumter in South Carolina.

—Excerpted from American Civil War on Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia.

Fiction

Altsheler, Joseph A. (Joseph Alexander), 1862-1919

Wikipedia: Joseph Alexander Altsheler

Altsheler's series of "juvenile historical fiction" follows the experiences throughout the war of two cousins from Pendleton, Kentucky: Harry Kenton, who fights for the South, and Dick Mason, who fights for the North. See excerpt below.

Before the Dawn, A Story of the Fall of Richmond (English)
Before the Dawn, published 12 years before Altsheler published the first volume of his "Civil War Series", is an independent novel.

Craddock, Charles Egbert

see: Murfree, Mary Noailles

Crane, Stephen, 1871-1900

Wikipedia: Stephen Crane

Dawson, Sarah Morgan 1842-1909

A Confederate Girl's Diary (English)

De Forest, J. W., 1826-1906

Wikipedia: John William De Forest

The Brigade Commander (English)

Dixon, Thomas, 1864-1946

Wikipedia: Thomas Dixon, Jr.

Dixon is best known for his book The Clansman, which served as the inspiration for D. W. Griffith's controversial movie The Birth of a Nation.

A Man of the People, A Drama of Abraham Lincoln (English)
The Man in Gray, A Romance of North and South (English)
The Southerner, A Romance of the Real Lincoln (English)
The Victim, A Romance of the Real Jefferson Davis (English)

Fox, John, 1863-1919

The Little Shepherd of Kingdom Come (English)

Harris, Joel Chandler, 1848-1908

Wikipedia: Joel Chandler Harris

A Little Union Scout (English)

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 1804-1864

Sketches and Studies (English)
Includes Hawthorne's essay Chiefly about War Matters

Henty, G. A. (George Alfred), 1832-1902

Wikipedia: G. A. Henty

Friends, though divided
A Tale of the Civil War (English)
With Lee in Virginia: a story of the American Civil War (English)
With Lee in Virginia
A Story of the American Civil War (English)

Johnston, Mary, 1870-1936

Wikipedia: Mary Johnston (novelist)

The Long Roll (English)

Keenan, Henry Francis

The Iron Game
A Tale of the War (English)

King, Charles

A War-Time Wooing (English)

Lincoln, Natalie Sumner, 1885-1935

The Lost Despatch (English)

McElroy, John, 1829-1914

The Red Acorn (English)

Mitchell, S. Weir (Silas Weir), 1846-1929

Westways (English)

Murfree, Mary Noailles, 1850-1922

(Pen name: Charles Egbert Craddock)
Wikipedia: Mary Noailles Murfree

The Lost Guidon (English)
The Raid of the Guerilla (English)

Norton, Andre Alice, 1912-2005

Wikipedia: Andre Norton

Ride Proud, Rebel! (English)

Optic, Oliver, 1822-1897

The Blue and the Gray - Afloat
- Taken by the Enemy - Vol. 1 of 6 (English)
- Within the Enemy's Lines - Vol. 2 of 6 (English)
- On the Blockade - Vol. 3 of 6 (English)
- Stand by the Union - Vol. 4 of 6 (English)
- Fighting for the Right - Vol. 5 of 6 (English)
- A Victorious Union - Vol. 6 of 6 (English)

The Blue and the Gray on Land
- A Lieutenant At Eighteen - Vol. 3 of 6 (English)
- An Undivided Union - Vol. 6 of 6 (English)

Page, Thomas Nelson, 1835-1922

The Burial of the Guns (English)
A collection of short stories, several of which deal with the Civil War.

Parrish, Randall, 1858-1923

Love Under Fire (English)
My Lady of the North (English)

Peple, Edward Henry, 1869-1924

The Littlest Rebel (English)

Robins, Edward, 1862-1943

Chasing an Iron Horse
Or, A Boy's Adventures in the Civil War (English)

Piper, H. Beam, 1904-1964

Links for H. Beam Piper: Wikipedia

Rebel Raider (English)

Roe, Edward Payson, 1838-1888

His Sombre Rivals (English)
Miss Lou (English)
An Original Belle (English)
Taken Alive (English)

Non-Fiction

Abel, Annie Heloise

Wikipedia: Annie Heloise Abel

The American Indian as Participant in the Civil War (English)

Adams, Ephraim Douglass

Wikipedia: Ephraim Douglass Adams

Great Britain and the American Civil War (English)

Adams, F. Colburn (Francis Colburn)

Siege of Washington, D.C., written expressly for little people (English)

Addeman, Joshua M., 1840-1930

Reminiscences of two years with the colored troops
Personal Narratives of events in the War of the Rebellion, being papers read before the Rhode Island Soldiers and Sailors Historical Society. No. 7, Second Series (English)

Alcott, Louisa May, 1832-1888

Hospital Sketches (English)

Armstrong, William H.

Red-Tape and Pigeon-Hole Generals
As Seen From the Ranks During a Campaign in the Army of the Potomac (English)

Bancroft, George, 1800-1891

Memorial Address on the Life and Character of Abraham Lincoln
Delivered, at the Request of Both Houses of the Congress of America, Before Them, in the House of Representatives at Washington, on the 12th of February, 1866 (English)

Batten, John M., 1837-1916

Reminiscences of Two Years in the United States Navy (English)

Beatty, John

Wikipedia: John Beatty

The Citizen-Soldier
or, Memoirs of a Volunteer (English)
First-hand account of Beatty's service with the Third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 06/22/1861 through 01/01/1864.

Beers, Fannie A.

Memories
A Record of Personal Experience and Adventure During Four Years of War (English)

Bissell, George P.

The Twenty-fifth Regiment Connecticut Volunteers in the War of the Rebellion
History, Reminiscences, Description of Battle of Irish Bend, Carrying of Pay Roll, Roster (English)
(co-authors: Samuel K. Ellis, Thomas McManus, Henry Hill Goodell)

Blackwell, Sarah Ellen, 1843-1913

A Military Genius
Life of Anna Ella Carroll of Maryland (English)

Bowers, John Hugh, 1843-1913

Life of Abraham Lincoln
Little Blue Book Ten Cent Pocket Series No. 324 (English)

Brockett, Linus Pierpont, 1820-1893

Woman's Work in the Civil War
A Record of Heroism, Patriotism, and Patience (English)
(co-author: Mary C. Vaughn)

Browne, A. K.

The Story of the Kearsarge and Alabama (English)

Browne, Francis Fisher, 1843-1913

The Every-day Life of Abraham Lincoln
A Narrative and Descriptive Biography with Pen-Pictures and Personal Recollections by Those Who Knew Him (English)

Burnet, Alf

Incidents of the War: Humorous, Pathetic, and Descriptive (English)

Cable, George Washington, 1844-1925

Famous Adventures and Prison Escapes of the Civil War (English) (as Editor)

Charnwood, Godfrey Rathbone Benson, Baron, 1864-1945

Abraham Lincoln (English)

Chittenden, Lucius Eugene, 1824-1900

Wikipedia: Lucius E. Chittenden

A Report of the Debates and Proceedings in the Secret Sessions of the Conference Convention,
For Proposing Amendments to the Constitution of the United States,
Held at Washington, D.C., in February, A.D. 1861 (English)

Cist, Henry Martyn, 1839-1902

The Army of the Cumberland (English)
Cist was a general in the Union Army. His book includes the battles of Perryville, Stone's River, Chickamauga, Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge.

Cooke, John Esten, 1830-1886

Wikipedia: John Esten Cooke

A Life of General Robert E. Lee (English)
Mohun, or, the Last Days of Lee and his Paladins (English)

Cox, Jacob Dolson, 1828-1900

Wikipedia: Jacob Dolson Cox

Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1889

Wikipedia: Jefferson Davis

The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government (English)

Dawson, Sarah Morgan, 1842-1909

A Confederate Girl's Diary (English)

DeLeon, T. C.

Four Years in Rebel Capitals; An Inside View of Life in the Southern Confederacy from Birth to Death (English)

Dickert, D. Augustus

History of Kershaw's Brigade (English)
First-hand account of Dickert's service under the command of General Joseph Brevard Kershaw, McLaws' division, Longstreet's corps, Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, 12/10/1860 through 04/28/1865.

Dodge, Theodore A., 1842-1909

Wikipedia: Theodore Ayrault Dodge

The Campaign of Chancellorsville (English)
Analysis by Colonel Dodge of Lee's victory over a Northern army twice his size. See excerpt below.

Doubleday, Abner 1819-1893

Wikipedia: Abner Doubleday

Chancellorsville and Gettysburg
Campaigns of the Civil War - VI (English)
Reminiscences of Forts Sumter and Moultrie in 1860-'61 (English)

Duffy, Edward

History of the 159th Regiment, N.Y.S.V.
Compiled From the Diary of Lieut. Edward Duffy (English)

Dunaway, Wayland Fuller, 1841-1916

Reminiscences of a Rebel (English)

Ellis, Samuel K.

The Twenty-fifth Regiment Connecticut Volunteers in the War of the Rebellion
History, Reminiscences, Description of Battle of Irish Bend, Carrying of Pay Roll, Roster (English)
(co-authors: George P. Bissell, Thomas McManus, Henry Hill Goodell)

Fleming, Walter Linwood, 1874-1932

The Sequel of Appomattox : a Chronicle of the Reunion of the States (English)

Force, Manning Ferguson, 1824-1899

Wikipedia: Manning Force

From Fort Henry to Corinth
Campaigns of the Civil War.--II. (English)

Fremantle, Arthur J. L.

Wikipedia: Arthur Fremantle

Three Months in the Southern States, April-June 1863 (English)
Fremantle was a British officer. As a foreign observer attached to Longstreet's army, he witnessed the Gettysburg campaign. He returned to England to write this book predicting a Confederate victory.

Gildersleeve, Basil L., 1831-1924

Wikipedia: Basil Lanneau Gildersleeve

The Creed of the Old South 1865-1915 (English)

Goodell, Henry Hill

The Twenty-fifth Regiment Connecticut Volunteers in the War of the Rebellion
History, Reminiscences, Description of Battle of Irish Bend, Carrying of Pay Roll, Roster (English)
(co-authors: George P. Bissell, Samuel K. Ellis, Thomas McManus)

Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885

Wikipedia: Ulysses S. Grant

Grant's memoirs are available in six parts, or in two volumes, or complete in a single file.

The Memoirs of General Ulysses S. Grant, Part 1. (English)
The Memoirs of General Ulysses S. Grant, Part 2. (English)
The Memoirs of General Ulysses S. Grant, Part 3. (English)
The Memoirs of General Ulysses S. Grant, Part 4. (English)
The Memoirs of General Ulysses S. Grant, Part 5. (English)
The Memoirs of General Ulysses S. Grant, Part 6. (English)

Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant — Volume 1 (English)
Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant — Volume 2 (English)

Personal Memoirs of General U. S. Grant — Complete (English)

Greene, S. D., 1839-1884

The Monitor and the Merrimac
Both Sides of the Story (English)
(co-authors: H. Ashton Ramsay, E. W. Watson, J. L. Worden)

Hascall, Milo S., 1829-1904

Wikipedia: Milo Smith Hascall

Personal Recollections and Experiences Concerning the Battle of Stone River (English)
A Paper Read by Request before the Illinois Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S., at Chicago, Ill., Feb. 14, 1889.

Hay, John, 1835-1905

Abraham Lincoln: a History - Volume 01 (English)
(co-author: John George Nicolay)
Abraham Lincoln: a History - Volume 02 (English)
(co-author: John George Nicolay)

Hayden, Horace Edwin, 1837-1917

A Refutation of the Charges Made against the Confederate States of America of Having Authorized the Use of Explosive and Poisoned Musket and Rifle Balls during the Late Civil War of 1861-65 (English)

Henderson, G. F. R., 1854-1903

Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War (English)

Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 1823-1911

Wikipedia: Thomas Wentworth Higginson

Army Life in a Black Regiment (English)
Higginson's first-hand account of his service as commander of the First South Carolina Volunteers, the first slave regiment mustered into the service of the United States during the civil war.

Hill, Alfred J., 1833-1895

History of Company E of the Sixth Minnesota Regiment of Volunteer Infantry (English)
(co-author: Charles J. Stees)

Hill, Frederick Trevor, 1866-1930

On the Trail of Grant and Lee (English)

Howe, W. W.

Kinston, Whitehall and Goldsboro (North Carolina) Expedition, December, 1862 (English)

Huse, Caleb, 1831-1905

The Supplies for the Confederate Army
How They Were Obtained in Europe and How Paid For
Personal Reminiscences and Unpublished History (English)

Irwin, Richard B., 1839-1892

History of the Nineteenth Army Corps (English)

Keifer, Joseph Warren, 1836-1932

Wikipedia: J. Warren Keifer

Slavery and Four Years of War
A Political History of Slavery in the United States
Together with a Narrative of the Campaigns and Battles of the Civil War in which the Author Took Part: 1861-1865 (English)

Kinnear, John R.

History of the Eighty-Sixth Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry, During Its Term of Service (English)

Lawrence, George A., 1827-1876

Border and Bastille (English)
Lawrence, a British novelist, came to America intending to join the Confederate army. He was taken prisoner by Union forces, subsequently released based on his promise to return to England.

Leale, Charles A., 1842-1932

Wikipedia: Charles Leale

Lincoln's Last Hours (English)

Lee, Robert Edward, General, 1807-1870

Wikipedia: Robert E. Lee

Recollections and Letters of General Robert E. Lee (English)

Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865

Wikipedia: Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's First Inaugural Address (English)
Abraham Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address (English)
The Emancipation Proclamation (English)
Gettysburg Address (English)
Images from Writings of Abraham Lincoln (English)
Lincoln Letters (English)
Lincoln's Inaugural, Addresses and Letters (Selections) (English)
Speeches and Letters of Abraham Lincoln, 1832-1865 (English)
State of the Union Address (English)
Widger's Quotations from the Project Gutenberg Editions of the Works of Abraham Lincoln (English)

The Writings of Abraham Lincoln - Volume 1: 1832-1843 (English)
The Writings of Abraham Lincoln - Volume 2: 1843-1858 (English)
The Writings of Abraham Lincoln - Volume 3
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates (English)
The Writings of Abraham Lincoln - Volume 4
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates (English)
The Writings of Abraham Lincoln - Volume 5 (English)
The Writings of Abraham Lincoln - Volume 6: 1862-1863 (English)
The Writings of Abraham Lincoln - Volume 7: 1863-1865 (English)

Complete Project Gutenberg Abraham Lincoln Writings (English)

Little, George

A History of Lumsden's Battery, C.S.A (English)
(co-author: James Robert Maxwell)

Lodge, Henry Cabot, 1850-1924

Hero Tales from American History (English)
(co-author: Theodore Roosevelt)

Logan, John Alexander, 1826-1886

Wikipedia: John A. Logan

The Great Conspiracy, Volume 1 (English)
The Great Conspiracy, Volume 2 (English)
The Great Conspiracy, Volume 3 (English)
The Great Conspiracy, Volume 4 (English)
The Great Conspiracy, Volume 5 (English)
The Great Conspiracy, Volume 6 (English)
The Great Conspiracy, Volume 7 (English)

The Great Conspiracy, Complete (English)

Maxwell, James Robert

A History of Lumsden's Battery, C.S.A (English)
(co-author: George Little)

McCarthy, Carlton, 1847-

Detailed Minutiae of Soldier life in the Army of Northern Virginia, 1861-1865 (English)

McElroy, John, 1846-1929

Wikipedia: John McElroy

Andersonville (English)

McManus, Thomas

The Twenty-fifth Regiment Connecticut Volunteers in the War of the Rebellion
History, Reminiscences, Description of Battle of Irish Bend, Carrying of Pay Roll, Roster (English)
(co-authors: George P. Bissell, Samuel K. Ellis, Henry Hill Goodell)

Melville, Herman, 1819-1891

Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War (English)
(a book of poetry)
John Marr and Other Poems (English)
A book of Melville's collected poetry, including some, but not all, of the poems in Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War.

Moore, Edward A.

The Story of a Cannoneer Under Stonewall Jackson
in which is told the part taken by the Rockbridge Artillery in the Army of Northern Virginia (English)

Morse, John T. (John Torrey), 1840-1937

Abraham Lincoln, Volume 1 (English)
Abraham Lincoln, Volume 2 (English)

Nicolay, Helen, 1866-1954

The Boys' Life of Abraham Lincoln (English)

Nicolay, John George, 1832-1901

Abraham Lincoln: a History - Volume 01 (English)
(co-author: John Hay)
Abraham Lincoln: a History - Volume 02 (English)
(co-author: John Hay)

A Short Life of Abraham Lincoln
Condensed from Nicolay & Hay's Abraham Lincoln: A History (English)

Oakey, Daniel

History of the Second Massachusetts Regiment of Infantry: Beverly Ford (English)
Beverly Ford, on the Rappahannock River, is two miles northeast of Brandy Station, Virginia. Here Union troops under Brig. Gen. John Buford attacked Stuart's cavalry on June 9, 1863.
A paper read at the Officers' Reunion in Boston, May 12, 1884.

Olney, Warren, 1841-1921

"Shiloh" as Seen by a Private Soldier
With Some Personal Reminiscences (English)

Peck, George W. (George Wilbur), 1840-1916

Wikipedia: George Wilbur Peck

How Private George W. Peck Put Down The Rebellion
or, The Funny Experiences of a Raw Recruit - 1887 (English)
Maybe this is fiction. I perused the first few pages and it seemed to me a humorous but factual memoir.

Pickett, La Salle Corbell, 1848-1931

Literary Hearthstones of Dixie (English)
Profiles of eleven Southern authors and poets.

Pittenger, William, 1840-1904

Daring and Suffering:
A History of the Great Railroad Adventure (English)
First-hand account of the 1862 attempt by a small group of Union soldiers to infiltrate and destroy Southern rail lines, and their subsequent time as prisoners of war.

Potts, Mrs. Eugenia Dunlap

Historic Papers on the Causes of the Civil War (English)

Preston, Margaret J.

Beechenbrook
A Rhyme of the War (English)

Rains, George Washington, 1817-1898

History of the Confederate Powder Works (English)

Ramsay, H. Ashton

The Monitor and the Merrimac
Both Sides of the Story (English)
(co-authors: S. D. Greene, E. W. Watson, J. L. Worden)

Richardson, James D. (James Daniel), 1843-1914

A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents
Volume 6, part 1: Abraham Lincoln (English)

Rochelle, James Henry, 1826-1889

Life of Rear Admiral John Randolph Tucker (English)

Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919

Hero Tales from American History (English)
(co-author: Henry Cabot Lodge)

Schofield, John M., 1831-1906

Wikipedia: John Schofield

Forty-Six Years in the Army (English)
Schofield was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions at the battle of Wilson's Creek, Missouri, in August 1861. Later, he commanded the Army of the Ohio during Sherman's assault on Atlanta and during the battles of Franklin, Tennessee and Nashville. He later served as Secretary of War under President Andrew Johnson.