Philosophy (Bookshelf)

Philosophy is the discipline concerned with questions of how one should live (ethics); what sorts of things exist and what are their essential natures (metaphysics); what counts as genuine knowledge (epistemology); and what are the correct principles of reasoning (logic). The word itself is of Ancient Greek origin: φιλοσοφία (philosophía), a compound of φίλος (phílos: friend, or lover) and σοφία (sophía: wisdom).

—Excerpted from Philosophy on Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia.

Modern

• René Descartes Discours de la méthode (French) 
• René Descartes Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting One's Reason and of Seeking Truth in the Sciences 
• René Descartes Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting One's Reason and of Seeking Truth in the Sciences (Audio, Human-read) 
• René Descartes Metodin esitys Mielenliikutuksien tutkistelu. Metafyysillisiä mietelmiä (Finnish) 
• René Descartes The Selections from the Principles of Philosophy 
• David Hume An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding 
• David Hume An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals 
• David Hume A Treatise of Human Nature 
• David Hume Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion 

Nineteenth Century

• John Stuart Mill Auguste Comte and Positivism 
• John Stuart Mill Autobiography 
• John Stuart Mill Considerations on Representative Government 
• John Stuart Mill Essays on some unsettled Questions of Political Economy 
• John Stuart Mill Utilitarianism 

Twentieth Century

• John Dewey Democracy and Education: an introduction to the philosophy of education 
• Ludwig Wittgenstein Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus 

Ancient

• Plato The Republic