Project Gutenberg's Through the Year With Famous Authors, by Mabel Patterson

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license


Title: Through the Year With Famous Authors

Author: Mabel Patterson

Release Date: January 5, 2013 [EBook #40412]

Language: English

Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THROUGH THE YEAR WITH FAMOUS AUTHORS ***




Produced by Steven desJardins and the Online Distributed
Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net

THROUGH THE YEAR
WITH FAMOUS AUTHORS

BY
MABEL PATTERSON

WALTER NEALE
PUBLISHER OF GENERAL LITERATURE
118 East 28th Street
New York

Copyright, 1925
BY
MABEL PATTERSON

[Pg 2]

JANUARY

[Pg 3]

JANUARY

Maria Edgeworth, a noted English novelist, was born in Black Bourton, Oxfordshire, January 1, 1767, and died in Edgeworthstown, Ireland, May, 1849. She wrote: “Early Lessons,” “Castle Rackrent,” “Tales of Fashionable Life,” “Belinda,” “Leonora,” “Moral Tales,” “The Modern Griselda,” “Helen,” “Ormond,” and “Patronage.”

Richard Henry Horne, a famous English miscellaneous writer, was born January 1, 1803, and died March 13, 1884. His principal works are: “The Dreamer and the Worker,” “Cosmo de’ Medici,” “Orion,” “A New Spirit of the Age,” “The Death of Marlowe,” “Judas Iscariot, A Miracle Play,” “Australian Facts and Prospects,” and “Exposition of the False Medium, and Barriers Excluding Men of Genius from the Public.”

Arthur Hugh Clough, an English poet of great renown, was born in Liverpool, January 1, 1819; and died[Pg 4] at Florence, Italy, November 13, 1861. Among his noted works may be mentioned: “Ambarvalia: Poems by Thomas Burbidge and A. H. Clough,” “Poems and Prose Remains,” “Plutarch’s Lives: the Translation called Dryden’s Corrected,” etc.

Alexander Petöfi, a celebrated Hungarian poet, was born at Kis-Koros, near Pesth, January 1, 1823, and died July 31, 1849. His chief works are: “The Wine-Bibbers,” “Coriolanus” (a drama), and his famous song “Talpra Magyar” (Up, Magyar), the Hungarian Marseillaise.

Paul Hamilton Hayne, a distinguished American poet, was born in Charleston, S. C., January 1, 1830, and died at Augusta, Ga., July 6, 1886. He has written: “Sonnets and Other Poems,” “Avolio, a Legend of the Island of Cos,” “Legends and Lyrics,” “The Mountain of the Lovers,” etc.

Philip Freneau, a noted American poet, was born in New York City, January 2, 1752, and died near Freehold,[Pg 5] N. J., December 18, 1832. He wrote: “Eutaw Springs,” “The College Examination,” “The Home of Night,” “The Indian Student,” and “Lines to a Wild Honeysuckle.”

William Lyon Phelps, a celebrated university professor and literary critic, was born at New Haven, Connecticut, January 2, 1865. He has written “Selections from the Poetry and Prose of Thomas Gray,” “Irving’s Sketch Book,” “The Best Plays of Chapman,” “The Novels of Samuel Richardson,” (20 vols.), “The Works of Jane Austen” (12 vols.), “Stevenson’s Essays,” “The Pure Gold of Nineteenth Century Literature,” “Essays on Modern Novelists,” “Essays on Russian Novelists,” “Essays on Books,” “The Advance of the English Novel,” “The Advance of English Poetry,” “Reading the Bible,” “Essays on Modern Dramatists.”

Douglas William Jerrold, a noted English humorist, was born in London, England, January 3, 1803, and died there June 8, 1857. Some of his well-known works are: “The Rent Day,” “Retired from Business,” “Story of a Feather,” “Nell Gwynne,” “The Bubbles of the Day.”

Jacob Grimm, a famous philologist, archæologist, and folklorist, was born at Hanau, January 4, 1785, and died at Berlin, September 20, 1863. He wrote: “The Poetry of the Meistersingers,” “German Mythology,” “History of[Pg 6] the German Language,” “German Grammar,” etc. His fame rests, however, upon his celebrated work, “Fables for Children,” written in collaboration with his brother Wilhelm, and best-known as, “Grimm’s Fairy Tales.”

Sir Isaac Newton, the renowned English philosopher and mathematician, was born at Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, January 5, 1643, and died at Kensington, March 31, 1727. Among his works are: “Principia,” “Theory of Light and Colors,” “Optical Readings,” “On Motion,” “Opticks,” etc.

Charles Sumner, a distinguished American statesman, was born in Boston, January 6, 1811, and died in Washington, D. C., March 11, 1874. His speeches, orations, etc., were collected and published (1870-83) in a 15-vol. edition.

Louise de la Ramée (Ouida), a famous English novelist of French extraction, was born at Bury St. Edmunds, January 7, 1839, and died January 25, 1908. Among her numerous works are: “Held in Bondage,” “Strathmore,” “Chandos,” “Idalia,” “Under Two Flags,” “A Leaf in[Pg 7] the Storm,” “Pascarel,” “In a Winter City,” “Friendship,” “A Village Commune,” “Wanda,” “A House Party,” “Guilderoy,” “Moths,” “A Rainy June,” “Views and Opinions,” etc.

Alfred Russel Wallace, a renowned English naturalist, was born at Usk in Monmouthshire, January 8, 1822, and died November 7, 1913. He wrote: “Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro,” “The Malay Archipelago,” “On the Geographical Distribution of Animals,” “Tropical Nature,” “Darwinism: An Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection,” “Man’s Place in the Universe,” “My Life: A Record of Events and Opinions,” “Is Mars Habitable?” “The World of Life,” “Social Environment and Moral Progress,” “The Revolt of Democracy,” etc.

William Wilkie Collins, a celebrated English novelist, was born in London, January 8, 1824, and died there September 23, 1889. He wrote: “The New Magdalen,” “No Name,” “Antonia,” “Basil,” “The Dead Secret,” “Armadale,” “Man and Wife,” “Poor Miss Finch,” “Miss or Mrs.?” “The Law and the Lady,” “The Two Destinies,” “Heart and Science,” “I Say No,” “The Legacy of Cain,” “The Moonstone,” and “The Woman in White,” his greatest novel.[Pg 8]

Denton Jaques Snider, a distinguished American author, was born in Mt. Gilead, Ohio, January 9, 1841. He is best known by his famous work, “A Walk in Hellas.” His other works include: “Homer in Chios,” “Johnny Appleseed’s Rhymes,” “Ancient European Philosophy,” “Modern European Philosophy,” “Architecture,” “World’s Fair Studies,” “Commentaries on Froebel’s Play Songs,” “The Will and Its World,” “The Life of Frederick Froebel,” “The Father of History,” “Herodotus,” “Social Institutions,” “The State,” “A Tour in Europe,” “Cosmos and Diacosmos,” etc.

Aubrey Thomas De Vere, a famous Irish poet and descriptive and political essayist, son of Sir Aubrey De Vere, was born January 10, 1814, and died in 1902. Among his works are: “Poems,” “Irish Odes,” “Alexander the Great,” “Picturesque Sketches of Greece and Turkey,” “Constitutional and Unconstitutional Political Action,” “The Foray of Queen Meave and Other Legends of Ireland’s Heroic Age,” “The Sisters,” “Legends of the Saxon Saints,” “St. Peter’s Chains,” “Essays Chiefly on Poetry,” “Essays Chiefly Literary and Ethical,” “Recollections,” etc.[Pg 9]

Charles George Douglas Roberts, a celebrated Canadian poet, was born in Douglas, N. B., January 10, 1860. Among his publications are: “Orion and Other Poems,” “In Divers Tones,” “Canterbury Poets,” “History of Canada,” “A Sister to Evangeline,” “The Heart of the Ancient Wood,” “The Kindred of the Wild,” “Barbara Ladd,” “The Watchers of the Trails,” “The Heart that Knows,” “The House in the Water,” “Neighbours Unknown,” “The Feet of the Furtive,” “Babes of the Wild,” “The Ledge on Bald Face,” “In the Morning of Time,” etc.

Alexander Hamilton, an illustrious American statesman, was born in the Island of Nevis, West Indies, January 11, 1757, and died near New York, July 12, 1804. His “Collected Works,” appeared in 1851.

Eugénie de Guérin, a famous French diarist and prose-writer, was born January 11, 1805, and died May 31, 1848. Jointly with her brother Maurice, she wrote the “Journals,” and “Letters.[Pg 10]”

Bayard Taylor, an eminent American poet, and novelist, was born at Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, January 11, 1825, and died at Berlin, Germany, December 19, 1878. His noted works are: “Views Afoot,” “The American Legend,” “Poems and Ballads,” “Poems of the Orient,” “Travels in Greece and Russia,” “Poems of Home and Travel,” “At Home and Abroad,” “Hannah Thurston,” “The Story of Kennett,” “By-Ways of Europe,” “The Masque of the Gods,” “Egypt and Iceland,” “Home Pastorals, Ballads, and Lyrics,” “Dramatic Works,” “Critical Essays and Literary Notes,” etc.

Governor John Winthrop, first Colonial governor of Massachusetts, and a distinguished writer, was born near Groton, Suffolk, England, January 12, 1587, and died at Boston, March 26, 1649. He wrote: “A Modell of Christian Charity,” “Arbitrary Government Described,” and a “History of New England from 1630 to 1649,” which was left by him in MS., and found in his “Life and Letters,” by Robert C. Winthrop.

Edmund Burke, an eminent British statesman and orator, was born in Dublin, January 12, 1729, and died in Beaconsfield, England, July 9, 1797. He wrote: “A Philo[Pg 11]sophical Inquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful,” “Reflections on the French Revolution,” “Letters on a Regicide Peace,” “Works and Correspondence.”

Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon, a celebrated French dramatist, was born at Dijon, January 13, 1674, and died at Paris, June 14, 1762. His plays include; “The Death of Brutus’s Children,” “Idomeneus,” “Atreus and Thyestes,” “Electra,” “Rhadamistus and Zénobia,” “Xerxes,” “Semiramis,” “Pyrrhus,” and “Catalina.”

Samuel Woodworth, a noted American poet and journalist, was born at Scituate, Mass., January 13, 1785, and died in New York City, December 9, 1842. His poem, “The Old Oaken Bucket,” won for him great fame.

Ethel Lynn Beers, a well-known American poet, was born in Goshen, N. Y., January 13, 1827, and died in Orange, N. J., October 10, 1879. She is the author of “All Quiet Along the Potomac, and Other Poems.”[Pg 12]

Harriet Waters Preston, a distinguished American scholar, translator, and writer, was born in Danvers, Mass., January 14 (?), 1836, and died in 1911. Besides her translations of Mistral’s “Mireio,” Virgil’s “Georgics,” etc., she has published: “Aspendale,” “Troubadours and Trouvéres,” “Love in the Nineteenth Century,” “A Year in Eden,” etc.

Jean Baptiste Poquelin (Molière), the greatest of French dramatists, was born in Paris, January 15 (?), 1622, and died there, February 17, 1673. Among his famous works are: “The Misanthrope,” “The Learned Ladies,” “The School for Wives,” “The Imaginary Invalid,” “The Miser,” “Don Juan,” “The School for Husbands,” and “Tartuffe,” which is considered by many to be his masterpiece.

Franz Grillparzer, a renowned Austrian poet and dramatist, was born in Vienna, January 15, 1791, and died there January 21, 1872. Among his noted works are: “Blanche of Castile,” “The Ancestress,” “Sappho,” “The Jewess of Toledo,” “The Poor Minstrel,” etc., also two famous poems, “Waves of Ocean; Thrills of Love,” and “In Thy Camp is Austria.”[Pg 13]

Sarah Doudney, a noted English writer of fiction, was born near Portsmouth, England, January 15, 1843. She has written: “Under Grey Walls,” “The Pilot’s Daughters,” “Nothing But Leaves,” “Under False Colours,” “The Lesson of the Water Mill,” “The Missing Rubies,” “When We Two Parted,” “Through Pain to Peace,” “Pilgrims of the Night,” “A Cluster of Roses,” “Silent Strings,” “One of the Few,” “Shadow and Shine,” etc.

Louis de Rouvroy, Duc de Saint-Simon, the great French annalist, was born January 16, 1675, and died March 2, 1755. His notable works are: His famous “Memoirs,” published in twenty volumes.

Benjamin Franklin, the renowned American philosopher and statesman, was born in Boston, January 16, 1706, and died in Philadelphia, April 17, 1790. He wrote his own “Autobiography,” and other important works.[Pg 14]

Pedro Calderon de la Barca, the great Spanish dramatist, was born at Madrid, January 17, 1600, and died May 25, 1681. Among his dramas may be mentioned: “The Wonder-Working Magician,” “The Schism of England,” “The Alcalde of Zalamea,” “No Magic Like Love,” “The Divine Orpheus.”

Count Vittorio Alfieri, a celebrated Italian dramatist, was born at Asti in Piedmont, January 17, 1749, and died at Florence, October 8, 1803. Among his many works may be mentioned: “Cleopatra,” “Polinice,” “Antigone,” “Agide,” “Bruto,” “Saul,” “Filippo,” etc. He also wrote: “Tyranny,” “Essays on Literature and Government,” odes on “American Independence,” and “Memoirs of His Life.”

Charles de Secondant, Baron de Montesquieu, a famous French historian and political philosopher, was born near Bordeaux, January 18, 1689, and died in Paris, February 10, 1755. He wrote: “Persian Letters,” “The Temple of Cnidus,” “Causes of Roman Greatness and Decline,” “Dialogue of Sylla Eucrates and Lysimachus,” “Works,” etc. Also his renowned work, “Spirit of Laws,” his masterpiece.[Pg 15]

Daniel Webster, the illustrious American statesman and orator, was born in Salisbury, N. H., January 18, 1782, and died in Marshfield, Mass., October 24, 1852.

Edouard René Lefèbvre de Laboulaye, a distinguished French jurist, historian, and writer of tales, was born at Paris, January 18, 1811, and died there May 25, 1883. His greatest work is a “Political History of the United States, 1620-1789,” (3 vols.) 1856-66. His other works are: “The United States and France,” “Paris in America,” and a novel “Prince Caniche.” His best known works of fiction are the three series of “Blue Stories.”

James Ryder Randall, a celebrated American song-writer, was born in Baltimore, Md., January 18, 1839, and died in 1908. His poems include: “The Sole Entry,” “Arlington,” “The Cameo Bracelet,” “The Battle Cry of the South,” and his famous poem, “My Maryland![Pg 16]”

Henry Austin Dobson, a famous English poet and man of letters, was born at Plymouth, January 18, 1840, and died April 1, 1921. He has written: “Proverbs in Porcelain,” “Old-World Idyls,” “Eighteenth-Century Vignettes,” “Vignettes in Rhyme and Vers de Société,” “Four French Women,” “The Paladin of Philanthropy,” “Side-Walk Studies,” “De Libris,” “Old Kensington Palace,” “At Prior Park,” “Rosalba’s Journal and Other Papers”; also “Lives of Fielding, Steele, Goldsmith,” “William Hogarth,” “Horace Walpole,” “Richardson,” “Fanny Burney,” etc.

Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, the renowned French author was born in Havre, January 19, 1737, and died at Eragny-sur-Oise, January 21, 1814. His works include: “Voyage to the Isle of France,” “Studies of Nature,” “The Indian Cottage,” “Vows of a Solitary,” “Harmonies of Nature,” “On Nature and Morality,” “Voyage to Silesia,” “Stories of Travel,” “The Death of Socrates,” and his most famous work, “Paul and Virginia.”

Auguste Comte, the great French philosopher, was born at Montpellier, January 19, 1798, and died in Paris, September 5, 1857. His most celebrated works are: “Positive Philosophy,” and “Positive Polity.[Pg 17]”

Edgar Allan Poe, a celebrated American poet and story-writer, was born in Boston, January 19, 1809, and died in Baltimore, Maryland, October 7, 1849. His poems include: “The Raven, and Other Poems,” “Tamerlane and Other Poems,” “Eureka, a Prose Poem,” “Poems,” etc.

Rt. Hon. Augustine Birrell, a distinguished English essayist, was born in Wavertree, near Liverpool, January 19, 1850. He has written: “Obiter Dicta,” “Res Judicatæ,” “Life of Charlotte Brontë,” “Men, Women and Books,” “Collected Essays,” “William Hazlitt,” “Andrew Marvell,” “Miscellanies,” “In the Name of the Bodleian,” “Frederick Locker Lampson,” etc.

Nathaniel Parker Willis, a celebrated American journalist and poet, was born at Portland, Maine, January 20, 1806, and died at Idlewild on the Hudson, New York, January 20, 1867. Some of his writings are: “People I Have Met,” “Inklings of Adventure,” “Letters from Under a Bridge,” “Famous Persons and Places,” “Poems,” etc.[Pg 18]

Richard Le Gallienne, a noted English author, was born in Liverpool, January 20, 1866. He has written: “The Religion of a Literary Man,” “My Lady’s Sonnets,” “Prose Fancies,” “Sleeping Beauty and other Prose Fancies,” “The Quest of the Golden Girl,” “The Life Romantic,” “Pieces of Eight,” etc.

Sir Edward Shepherd Creasy, a famous English historian was born at Bexley in Kent, January 21, 1812, and died January 27, 1878. He wrote: “Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World,” “The History of the Ottoman Turks,” “History of England,” “Rise and Progress of the English Constitution,” “Historical and Critical Account of the Several Invasions of England,” etc.

Walter Neale, a noted American author and man of letters, was born at Eastville, Va., January 21, 1873. Among his works are: “The Betrayal” (a novel), “The Sovereignty of the States,” and numerous essays, poems, addresses, etc.[Pg 19]

Francis Bacon, the great English philosopher, was born in London, January 22, 1561, and died April 9, 1626. Some of his works are: “The Advancement of Learning,” “On the Colors of Good and Evil,” “Novum Organum,” his immortal “Essays,” and many histories, among them “Elizabeth,” “Henry VII” and “Henry VIII.”

Gotthold Ephraim Von Lessing, a famous German poet, was born at Kamenz, in Upper Lusatia, January 22, 1729, and died at Brunswick, February 15, 1781. Among his writings are: “Letters on Literature,” “Nathan the Wise,” “Philotas,” “The Woman-Hater,” “The Jews,” “Trifles,” (a collection of poems), “The Free-Thinker,” “Education of the Human Race,” etc.

George Noel Gordon, Lord Byron, the renowned English poet, was born in London, January 22, 1788, and died at Missolonghi, Greece, April 19, 1824. Some of his celebrated works are: “English Bards and Scotch Reviewers,” “Hours of Idleness,” “Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage,” “The Corsair,” “Hebrew Melodies,” “Lara,” “Manfred,” “The Prisoner of Chillon,” “The Lament of Tasso,” “Don Juan,” etc.[Pg 20]

Josiah Quincy, a distinguished American lawyer, was born in Boston, January 23, 1744, and died April 26, 1775. His important works are: “Observations on the Boston Port Bill,” and “An Address of the Merchants, Traders, and Freeholders of Boston.”

Marie Henri Beyle, a famous French novelist and critic, was born in Grenoble, January 23, 1783, and died in Paris, March 23, 1842. He has written, “History of Painting in Italy,” “Rome, Naples, and Florence in 1817,” “About Love,” and his celebrated work, “The Chartreuse (Carthusian Nun) of Parma.”

Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais, a renowned French dramatist, was born in Paris, January 24, 1732, and died there, May 18, 1799. His greatest plays are: “The Barber of Seville,” and “The Marriage of Figaro.”

Robert Burns, a Scotch poet of world-wide fame, was born in Alloway, January 25, 1759, and died in Dumfries,[Pg 21] July 21,1796. His most famous poems are: “Hallowe’en,” “The Cotter’s Saturday Night,” “To a Mountain Daisy,” “Twa Dogs,” “Tam O’Shanter,” and “Highland Mary.”

Sir Thomas Noon Talfourd, an eminent English author and statesman, was born at Doxey, near Stafford, January 26, 1795, and died at Stafford, March 13, 1854. His works include: “An Attempt to Estimate the Poetical Talent of the Present Age,” “Poems on Various Subjects,” “History of the Roman Republic,” “History of Greece,” “Final Memorials of Charles Lamb,” “Critical and Miscellaneous Essays,” etc.

Richard Bentley, a celebrated English critic and essayist, was born in Oulton, Yorkshire, January 27, 1662, and died July, 1742. His important works are: “Dissertation on the Epistles of Phalaris,” and “Latin Epistle to John Mill, Containing Critical Observations on the Chronicle of Joannes Malala.”

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Von Schelling, an eminent German thinker and philosopher, was born at Leon[Pg 22]berg, Wurtemberg, January 27, 1775, and died at the Ragaz baths, Switzerland, August 28, 1854. Among his many works are: “On the Possibility of a Form of philosophy,” “Ideas for a Philosophy of Nature,” “On the Soul of the World,” “Philosophy and Religion,” etc. Four posthumous volumes are: “Introduction to the Philosophy of Mythology,” “Philosophy of Mythology,” and “Philosophy of Revelation,” in two separate volumes.

Lewis Carroll, nom de plume of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, a distinguished English clergyman and writer on mathematical subjects was born January 27, 1832, and died in January, 1898. His principal works are: “A Syllabus of Plane Algebraical Geometry,” “Guide to the Mathematical Student,” etc. Also: “The Hunting of the Snark,” “Rhyme and Reason,” “Euclid and His Modern Rivals,” “Game of Logic,” “Mathematica Curiosa,” and his two popular tales for children, entitled “Alice in Wonderland,” and “Through the Looking-Glass.”

Christian Felix Weisse, a noted German poet and writer, was born at Annaberg, January 28, 1726, and died at Leipsic, December 16, 1804. He wrote: “Sportive Lays,” “Lays of the Amazons,” “Songs for Children,” etc.[Pg 23]

Sabine Baring-Gould, a renowned English antiquary and novelist, was born in Exeter, January 28, 1834; died January, 1924. Among his numerous works may be mentioned: “Lives of the Saints,” “Yorkshire Oddities,” “In the Roar of the Sea,” “The Deserts of Southern France,” “A Garland of Country Song,” “Old Fairy Tales Retold,” “Napoleon Bonaparte,” “A Study of St. Paul,” “A Book of the Riviera,” “A Book of the Rhine,” “A Book of the Pyrenees,” “Devonshire Characters,” “Cornish Characters,” “The Land of Teck,” “Cliff Castles and Cave Dwellings,” “The Church Revival,” and his most famous work, “Curious Myths of the Middle Ages.”

Emanuel Swedenborg, the famous Swedish mystic philosopher and author, was born in Stockholm, January 29, 1688, and died there March 29, 1772. His notable works include: “Principles of Chemistry,” “Conjugal Love and its Chaste Delights,” “Opera Philosophica et Mineralia,” “Domini Jesu Christi Servus,” etc.[Pg 24]

Thomas Paine, an eminent American publicist, was born at Thetford in Norfolkshire, England, January 29, 1737, and died at New Rochelle, New York, June 8, 1809. The most important of his Works are: “Decline and Fall of the English System of Finance,” “Common-Sense,” “The Age of Reason,” “The Rights of Man.”

Charles Rollin, a noted French historian and professor of belles-lettres, was born at Paris, January 30, 1661, and died September 14, 1741. His chief works are: “On the Study of Belles-Lettres,” “Ancient History” (12 vols. 1730-1738), and “History of Rome.”

Walter Savage Landor, the celebrated English poet and prose writer, was born at Ipsley Court, Warwickshire, January 30, 1775, and died at Florence, September 17, 1864. His best known works are: “The Pentameron,” “The Hellenics,” “Popery, British and Foreign,” “Poems,” “Antony and Octavius: Scenes for the Study,” “Heroic Idylls, with Additional Poems,” and his most famous work, “Imaginary Conversations of Literary Men and Statesmen.[Pg 25]”

Adelbert von Chamisso, a famous German lyrist, was born at the castle of Boncourt Champagne, January 30, 1781, and died at Berlin, August 21, 1838. His most celebrated work is “Peter Schlemihl,” which has been translated into all the principal languages of Europe.

Bernard Barton, a noted English poet, was born in Carlisle, January 31, 1784, and died in Woodbridge, February 19, 1849. He published: “Metrical Effusions,” “Devotional Verses,” “Household Verses,” etc.

John Henry Boner, a well-known American poet and literary worker, was born at Salem, N. C., January 31, 1845, and died in 1903. He is best remembered for his volume of verse, “Whispering Pines.”

FOOTNOTES:

[Pg 26]

[Pg 27]

FEBRUARY

[Pg 28]

[Pg 29]

FEBRUARY

Richard Whately, a distinguished English clergyman and educator, archbishop of Dublin, was born in London, February 1, 1787, and died in Dublin, October 8, 1863. His writings include: “Elements of Logic,” “A General View of the Rise, Progress, and Corruptions of Christianity,” “The Use and Abuse of Party Feeling in Matters of Religion,” “Bacon’s Essays, with Annotations,” “Miscellaneous Lectures and Reviews,” etc.

Hannah More, a celebrated English religious writer, was born at Stapleton, Gloucestershire, February 2, 1745, and died at Clifton, September 7, 1833. She wrote: “Practical Piety,” “Religion of the Fashionable World,” “Sacred Dramas,” “The Shepherd of Salisbury Plain,” etc.

William Henry Burleigh, a noted American poet and journalist was born in Woodstock, Conn., February 2, 1812, and died in Brooklyn, N. Y., March 18, 1871. A collection of his poems was published in 1840.[Pg 30]

Horace Greeley, a famous American editor and controversial writer, was born in Amherst, N. H., February 3, 1811, and died in New York, November 29, 1872. He wrote: “Glances at Europe,” “The American Conflict,” “Recollections of a Busy Life,” etc.

Frederick William Robertson, a distinguished English clergyman, was born in London, February 3, 1816, and died at Brighton, August 15, 1853. His works were collected and published after his death under the following titles: “Expository Lectures on St. Paul’s Epistles to the Corinthians,” “Lectures and Addresses on Literary and Social Topics,” “Notes on Genesis,” “Sermons Preached at Trinity Chapel, Brighton.”

Walter Bagehot, a famous English writer on political economy and government, was born in Langport, Somersetshire, February 3, 1826, and died there March 24, 1877. He wrote: “The English Constitution,” “Lombard Street: A Description of the Money Market,” “Literary Studies,” etc. His complete works were published in 1889.[Pg 31]

Sidney Lanier, a celebrated American poet, was born at Macon, Ga., February 3, 1842, and died at Lynn, N. C., September 7, 1881. He wrote: “The English Novel and the Principles of its Development,” “The Science of English Verse,” etc. His poems were collected and published after his death.

Mark Hopkins, a distinguished American educator and religious and ethical writer, was born at Stockbridge, Mass., February 4, 1802; and died at Williamstown, Mass., June 17, 1887. Among his works are: “Evidences of Christianity,” “The Law of Love, and Love as a Law,” “An Outline Study of Man,” etc.

George Morris Cohen Brandes, a distinguished Danish man of letters, was born at Copenhagen, February 4, 1842. He wrote: “Critiques and Portraits,” “French Aesthetics in Our Day,” “The Idea of Fate Among the Ancients,” and his masterpiece, “Main Currents of 19th Century Literature.” Also, “Men of the Modern Revival,” “A Study of Ibsen,” “Goethe,” “Poems,” “English: Main Currents,” “Eminent Authors,” “Poland,” “Recollections of My Childhood and Youth,” “Complete Works,” (21 vols.), “Voltaire,” “Caesar,” (2 vols.), “The World War,” etc.[Pg 32]

Charles Churchill, a famous English satirical poet, was born in Westminster, February 5, 1731, and died at Boulogne, November 4, 1764. He wrote: “The Farewell,” “The Ghost,” “The Conference,” “The Author,” “The Prophecy of Famine,” and “The Rosciad,” the satire that won his fame.

Henry Howard Brownell, a noted American poet and writer of historical sketches, was born at Providence, R. I., February 6, 1820, and died at East Hartford, Conn., October 31, 1872. He published his many verses in “Lyrics of a Day, or Newspaper Poetry by a Volunteer in the U. S. Service.” In “The Bay Fight” he describes the battle of Mobile Bay.

Frederic William Henry Myers, a distinguished English poet and critic, was born at Duffield, England, February 6, 1843, and died January 17, 1901. He has written: “Science and a Future Life,” “Renewal of Youth and Other Poems,” “Essays, Modern and Classical,” “St. Paul,” “English Men of Letters,” etc. Also a posthumous work called “Human Personality and Its Survival of Bodily Death,” (2 vols.), 1903.[Pg 33]

Sir Thomas More, the great English statesman and miscellaneous writer, was born in London, February 7, 1478, and was executed July 6, 1535. He wrote: “History of Richard III,” “Life of John Picus, Earl of Mirandola,” and “Utopia” (which was his most celebrated work), etc.

Charles Dickens, one of the most famous of English novelists, was born at Landport, in Portsea, February 7, 1812, and died June 9, 1870. His most famous works are: “Oliver Twist,” “Pickwick Papers,” “Sketches by Boz,” “Nicholas Nickleby,” “Old Curiosity Shop,” “A Christmas Carol,” “American Notes,” “The Cricket on the Hearth,” “The Chimes,” “Pictures from Italy,” “Dombey and Son,” “The Battle of Life,” “David Copperfield,” “The Haunted Man,” “Bleak House,” “Little Dorrit,” “A Child’s History of England,” “Great Expectations,” “A Tale of Two Cities,” “Hard Times,” “Our Mutual Friend,” etc.

Robert Burton, a famous English writer, was born at Lindley, Leicestershire, February 8, 1577, and died January 25, 1640. His greatest work was: “Anatomy of Melancholy.[Pg 34]”

John Ruskin, the renowned English essayist and critic, was born in London, February 8, 1819, and died January 20, 1900. His principal works are: “The Seven Lamps of Architecture,” “Modern Painters,” “The Stones of Venice,” “Elements of Drawing,” “The Two Paths,” “Political Economy of Art,” “Lectures on Art,” “The Art of England,” “Verona and Other Lectures,” “Sesame and Lilies,” “Munera Pulveris,” “The Crown of Wild Olive,” “Love’s Meinie,” “The Eagle’s Nest,” “The Queen of the Air,” “Arrows of the Chace,” “Proserpina,” “The King of the Golden River,” etc.

William Tecumseh Sherman, one of the greatest of American generals, was born in Lancaster, O., February 8, 1820, and died in New York City, February 14, 1891. He published: “Memoirs of Gen. William T. Sherman by Himself” (2 vols.).

Richard Watson Gilder, a distinguished American poet, was born in Bordentown, N. J., February 8, 1844, and died in 1909. His works include: “Two Worlds and Other Poems,” “Five Books of Song,” “Lyrics,” “The New Day,” “The Great Remembrance and Other Poems,” and “The Celestial Passion.[Pg 35]”

James Parton, a famous American writer, was born at Canterbury, England, February 9, 1822, and died at Newburyport, Mass., October 17, 1891. A few of his works are: “Life and Times of Aaron Burr,” “General Butler in New Orleans,” “Life of Thomas Jefferson,” “Famous Americans of Recent Times,” “Life of Horace Greeley,” “Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin,” “Life of Voltaire,” “Humorous Poetry of the English Language,” “Topics of the Time,” etc.

Sir Anthony Hope Hawkins (“Anthony Hope”) a celebrated English author was born February 9, 1863. Among his works are: “The Prisoner of Zenda,” “The Dolly Dialogues,” “Rupert of Hentzau,” “Double Harness,” “The Great Miss Driver,” “A Young Man’s Year,” “Beaumaroy Home from the Wars,” “Lucinda,” etc. Plays: “The Adventure of Lady Ursula,” “Pilkerton’s Peerage,” etc.

Charles Lamb, the great English essayist, was born in London, February 10, 1775, and died at Edmonton, December 27, 1834. Among his essays may be mentioned: “Essays of Elia,” “Last Essays of Elia,” and his famous work, “Tales from the Plays of Shakespeare” (Mary and Charles Lamb).[Pg 36]

Henry Hart Milman, a celebrated English clergyman, historian, and poet, was born in London, February 10, 1791, and died near Ascot, September 24, 1868. He wrote: “Fall of Jerusalem,” “History of Christianity under the Empire,” “History of the Jews,” and his most important work, “The History of Latin Christianity down to the Death of Pope Nicholas V.”

William Falconer, a noted Scotch poet, was born February 11, 1732, and died in 1769. He wrote: “The Demagogue,” a “Universal Dictionary of the Marine,” and numerous odes, satires and poems; the most famous of his poems being “The Shipwreck.”

Lydia Maria Child, a famous American prose-writer, was born in Medford, Mass., February 11, 1802, and died in Wayland, Mass., October 20, 1880. Among her numerous works may be mentioned, “Philothea,” “Fact and Fiction,” “Looking Toward Sunset,” “Miria: A Romance of the Republic,” “Hobomok,” “Aspirations of the World,” etc.

Abraham Lincoln, the great “War President,” was born in Hardin County, Ky., February 12, 1809, and died[Pg 37] at Washington, D. C., April 15, 1865. His “Address,” at the dedication of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg, Pa., and his “Second Inaugural Address,” won for him everlasting fame.

Charles Robert Darwin, the famous English naturalist and philosopher, was born at Shrewsbury, February 12, 1809, and died April 19, 1882. He wrote: “The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex,” “The Expression of the Emotions in Men and Animals,” “A Naturalist’s Voyage,” “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection,” etc.

George Meredith, a noted British novelist and poet, was born at Portsmouth, Hampshire, February 12, 1828, and died May 18, 1909. Some of his famous works are: “Evan Harrington,” “Harry Richmond,” “Ordeal of Richard Feverel,” “Rhoda Fleming,” “Vittoria,” “The Adventures of Harry Richmond,” “Beauchamp’s Career,” “The Egoist,” “The Tragic Comedians,” “Diana of the Crossways,” “Poems and Lyrics of the Joy of Earth,” “Ballads and Poems of Tragic Life,” “A Reading of Earth,” “One of Our Conquerors,” “The Amazing Marriage,” etc.

Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, a celebrated French diplomat, was born at Paris, February 13, 1754, and died at Valencay, May 17, 1838. His “Memoirs” were[Pg 38] first published in 1891-92 in (5 vols.); his “Correspondence with Louis XVIII, during the Congress of Vienna,” in 1881, his “Diplomatic Correspondence,” in 1889-91 in (3 vols.) and “Unpublished Letters of Talleyrand to Napoleon, 1800-1809,” in 1889.

Mrs. Julia Caroline (Ripley) Dorr, a noted American poet and novelist, was born in Charleston, S. C., February 13, 1825, and died in 1913. Her works include: “Afternoon Songs,” “Daybreak, an Easter Poem,” “Poems,” “Lanmere,” “Expiation,” “Farmingdale,” “Bermuda,” “Sibyl Huntington,” and “A Cathedral Pilgrimage.”

Israel Zangwill, a renowned English-Jewish novelist, was born in London, February 14, 1864. He has published: “The Premier and the Painter,” “The Bachelors’ Club,” “The Big Bow Mystery,” “The Old Maids’ Club,” “Children of the Ghetto,” “Merely Mary Ann,” “Ghetto Tragedies,” “The Master,” “The King of Schnorrers,” “Without Prejudice,” “The Mantle of Elijah,” “The Next Religion,” “Plaster Saints.”

Jeremy Bentham, a distinguished English writer on ethics and jurisprudence, was born February 15, 1748, and died in 1832. His collected works (11 volumes) were published in 1843, and include: “A Fragment on Govern[Pg 39]ment,” “View of the Hard Labor Bill,” “Rationale of Punishment and Rewards,” “Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation,” “The Panopticon, or the Inspection House,” “Manual of Political Economy,” “Poor Laws and Pauper Management,” “Constitutional Code,” etc.

Rufus Wilmot Griswold, a distinguished American journalist and prose-writer, born in Benson, Vt., February 15, 1815, and died in New York, August 27, 1857. His works include: “Poets and Poetry of America,” “Poets and Poetry of England in the Nineteenth Century,” “Prose Writers of America,” “Female Poets of America,” etc.

Silas Weir Mitchell, a distinguished American physician, poet and novelist, was born in Philadelphia, February 15, 1829, and died January 4, 1914. He has written: “In War Time,” “Poems,” “Hephzibah Guinness, and Other Stories,” “Hugh Wynne,” “The Adventures of François,” “The Red City,” “Westways,” “Complete Poems,” etc.

Joseph Viktor Von Scheffel, an eminent German poet and novelist, was born at Karlsruhe, February 16, 1826,[Pg 40] and died April 9, 1886. He wrote: “Gaudeamus,” “Ekkehard,” “Mountain Psalms,” and his famous epic poem, “The Trumpeter of Säkkingen,” which won for him great fame, and has reached more than 250 editions.

Ernst Haeckel, a renowned German naturalist, was born at Potsdam, February 16, 1834, and died in 1919. Among his most famous works are: “On the Division of Labor in Nature and Human Life,” “On the Origin and Genealogy of the Human Race,” “Life in the Great Marine Animals,” “The Arabian Corals,” “The System of the Medusa,” “A Visit to Ceylon,” “Riddle of the Universe,” “Natural History of Creation,” “Souvenirs of Algeria,” “Monoism as Connected with Religion and Science,” etc.

Mrs. Rose (Terry) Cooke, a noted American poet and short-story writer, was born at West Hartford, Conn., February 17, 1827, and died at Pittsfield, Mass., July 18, 1892. Her complete poems were published in 1888, and her stories were published in book form under the titles: “Somebody’s Neighbors,” “Root-Bound,” “The Sphinx’s Children,” “Happy Dodd,” “Huckleberries,” “Steadfast,” a novel, appeared in 1889.[Pg 41]

Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, a celebrated English historian and statesman, was born at Dinton, Wiltshire, February 18, 1609, and died at Rouen, France, December 9, 1674. His famous works are: “History of the Civil War in Ireland,” “History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England,” “Essay on an Active and Contemplative Life.”

Nicolas Copernicus, a famous Polish astronomer, was born at Thorn, Poland, February 19, 1473, and died at Frauenburg, Prussia, May 24, 1543. He wrote: “Revolutions of the Celestial Orbs (De Orbium Cœlestium Revolutionibus).”

Gustave Nadaud, a well-known French composer and song-writer, was born in Roubaix, February 20, 1820, and died in Paris, April 28, 1893. He wrote a novel, “An Idyll,” and published “Songs,” “More Songs,” “Unpublished Songs,” and “New Songs.[Pg 42]”

John Henry Newman, a celebrated religious writer, first in the Church of England, and later in the Roman Catholic Church, was born in London, February 21, 1801, and died at Birmingham, August 11, 1890. His principal works are: “Five Letters on Church Reform,” “St. Bartholomew’s Eve,” “Plain and Parochial Sermons,” “Loss and Gain,” “Verses on Religious Subjects,” “Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent,” “Lectures on Justification,” “The Arians of the Fourth Century,” “Tracts for the Times,” “Hymns for the Use of the Birmingham Oratory,” and “Apologia pro Vita Sua,” his most celebrated work.

(James) Brander Matthews, a famous American author, was born in New Orleans, February 21, 1852. Among his works may be mentioned: “French Dramatists of the Nineteenth Century,” “With My Friends,” “Studies of the Stage,” “Bookbindings, Old and New,” “Introduction to the Study of American Literature,” “Aspects of Fiction,” “A Confident To-morrow,” “The Historical Novel,” “Parts of Speech,” “Essays in English,” “Development of the Drama,” “Recreations of an Anthologist,” “Inquiries and Opinions,” “The American of the Future,” “A Study of the Drama,” “Molière,” “Shakespeare as a Playwright,” “These Many Years,” etc.[Pg 43]

George Washington, the illustrious American statesman and first President of the United States, was born at Pope’s Creek, Westmoreland County, Va., February 22, 1732, and died at Mt. Vernon, Va., December 14, 1799.

Arthur Schopenhauer, a renowned German philosopher, was born at Dantzic, February 22, 1788, and died at Frankfort-on-the-Main, September, 1860. He wrote: “The Fourfold Root of the Principle of the Sufficient Cause,” “The World as Will and Representation,” “On Vision and Colors,” “The Two Fundamental Problems of Ethic,” “Parerga and Paralipomena,” etc.

William Barnes, a celebrated English poet and philologist, was born in Dorsetshire, February 22, 1800, and died in Winterbourne Came, in October, 1886. He wrote many works on philology, and a series of “Poems of Rural Life in Dorsetshire Dialect,” “Poems of Rural Life,” etc.

James Russell Lowell, the great American poet and critic, was born at Cambridge, Mass., February 22, 1819,[Pg 44] and died there August 12, 1891. Some of his works are: “The Bigelow Papers,” “A Year’s Life,” “Poems,” “Under the Willows and Other Poems,” “My Study Windows,” “Among My Books,” “Latest Literary Essays and Addresses,” “Heartsease and Rue,” “Political Essays,” “Democracy, and Other Addresses.”

Sara Flower Adams, a noted English hymn-writer, was born at Great Harlow, Essex, February 22, 1805, and died August, 1848. She wrote many lyrics and hymns, the most popular of which is “Nearer, My God, to Thee!”

Margaret Elizabeth (Munson) Sangster, a celebrated American poet and prose-writer, was born in New Rochelle, N. Y., February 22, 1838, and died in 1912. Among her writings are: “May Stanhope and her Friend,” “Little Kingdom of Home,” “Good Manners for all Occasions,” “Radiant Motherhood,” “Easter Bells,” “Little Knight and Ladies,” “Lyrics of Love,” “Fairest Girlhood,” “Eleanor Lee,” “A Little Book of Homespun Verse,” “Women of the Bible,” “The Story Bible,” “From My Youth Up—an Autobiography,” “My Garden of Hearts,” and her famous poems, “Our Own” and “Are the Children at Home?[Pg 45]”

Samuel Pepys, a famous English diarist, was born in London, February 23, 1633, and died there May 26, 1703. His fame rests on the remarkable “Diary” that bears his name.

Emma (Hart) Willard, a noted American educator, historian, and poet, was born at New Berlin, Conn., February 23, 1787, and died at Troy, N. Y., April 15, 1870. She has written: “A History of the United States,” “Universal History in Perspective,” etc. She also wrote: “Rocked in the Cradle of the Deep,” and much other verse.

Margaret Wade Deland, a famous American author, was born at Allegheny, Pa., February 23, 1857. She has written: “John Ward, Preacher,” “The Old Garden and Other Verses,” “Old Chester Tales,” “Dr. Lavendar’s People,” “The Common Way,” “The Awakening of Helena Richie,” “An Encore,” “The Iron Woman,” “The Voice,” “Partners,” “The Hands of Esau,” “Around Old Chester,” “The Rising Tide,” etc.[Pg 46]

George William Curtis, a distinguished American author, was born in Providence, R. I., February 24, 1824, and died at Staten Island, August 31, 1892. His works include: “The Howadji in Syria,” “Nile Notes of a Howadji,” “Manners upon the Road,” “Lotus Eating,” “Prue and I,” “Potiphar Papers,” “Trumps,” etc.

William Clark Russell, a noted English-American novelist, was born in New York City, February 24, 1844, and died in 1911. Among his numerous sea stories and novels are: “The Wreck of the Grosvenor,” “A Sailor’s Sweetheart,” “My Watch Below,” “A Sea Queen,” “Jack’s Courtship,” “A Strange Voyage,” “The Frozen Pirate,” “The Death Ship,” “Marooned,” “The Romance of Jenny Harlowe,” “The Good Ship Mohock,” “Overdue,” “The Ship’s Adventure,” “Abandoned,” “Voyage at Anchor,” “Yarn of Old Harbor Town,” etc.

Grant Allen (Charles Grant Blairfindie Allen), a celebrated English naturalist, essayist, and novelist, was born in Kingstone, Canada, February 24, 1848, and died October 24, 1899. His most noted works are “The Devil’s[Pg 47] Die,” “Under Sealed Orders,” “Recalled to Life,” “The Woman Who Did,” “Strange Stories,” “The British Barbarians,” “Science in Arcady,” “Vignettes from Nature,” “Colin Clout’s Calendar,” “The Color Sense,” “Colors of Flowers,” “Flowers and Their Pedigrees,” “Force and Nature,” etc.

Carlo Goldoni, a noted Italian comedy-writer, was born in Venice, February 25, 1707, and died at Paris, January 6, 1793. He wrote: “The Good Father,” “The Singer,” “Pamela,” “Belisarius,” “The Venetian Gondolier,” “Rosamond,” and “The Coffee House.”

Dominique François Arago, an eminent French astronomer and physicist, was born near Perpignan, February 26, 1786, and died in Paris, October 2, 1853. Among his publications are: “Popular Lectures on Astronomy,” “Meteorological Essays,” “Biographies of Scientific Men,” and his own “Autobiography.”

Victor Hugo, the great French novelist, was born at Besançon, February 26, 1802, and died at Paris, May 22, 1885. His most famous works are: “Odes and Ballads,[Pg 48]” “New Odes,” “The Orientals,” “Various Odes and Poems,” “Twilight Songs,” “Inner Voices,” “Sunbeams and Shadows,” “Autumn Leaves,” “Songs of the Streets and Woods,” “The Four Winds of the Spirit,” “The Legend of the Ages,” “Notre Dame de Paris,” “The Last Day of a Condemned Man,” “Claude Gueux,” “Napoleon the Little,” “Les Misérables,” “The Man Who Laughs,” “Acts and Words,” “History of a Crime,” “The Toilers of the Sea,” etc. Also numerous plays, among them, “Amy Robsart,” “Cromwell,” “Hernani,” “Lucretia Borgia,” “Marie Tudor,” and “Esmeralda.”

John Pentland Mahaffy, a distinguished Irish classical scholar and historian, was born at Chapponnaire, Switzerland, February 26, 1839, and died in 1919. Among his publications are: “Social Life in Greece,” “Rambles and Studies in Greece,” “Greek Life and Thought,” “Greece Under Roman Sway,” “History of Classical Greek Literature,” “The Silver Age of the Greek World,” “The Empire of the Ptolemies,” etc.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, one of the greatest of American poets, was born at Portland, Me., February 27,[Pg 49] 1807, and died at Cambridge, Mass., March 24, 1882. His celebrated works include: “Voices of the Night,” “Hyperion,” “Poems on Slavery,” “Ballads and Other Poems,” “The Spanish Student,” “Poets and Poetry of Europe,” “Evangeline, a Tale of Acadie,” “The Seaside and the Fireside,” “The Golden Legend,” “A Volume of Poems,” “Song of Hiawatha,” “Poems,” “Courtship of Miles Standish,” “Tales of a Wayside Inn,” “A New England Tragedy,” “Excelsior,” “The Skeleton in Armor,” “The Building of a Ship,” etc.

Joseph Ernest Renan, the renowned French Semitic-Orientalist; historian, philologist, and essayist, was born at Treguier, Brittany, February 27, 1823, and died at Paris, October 2, 1892. Among his numerous works may be mentioned: “General History of the Semitic Languages,” “The Life of Jesus,” “Marcus Aurelius,” “Studies in Religious History,” “Questions of the Day,” “Recollections of My Youth,” “New Studies in Religious History,” “Discourses and Conferences,” “Dialogue of the Dead,” “The Song of Songs,” and “Ecclesiastes.”

Richard Garnett, a noted English librarian and author, was born at Litchfield, February 27, 1835, and died April 13, 1906. He wrote: “Primula,” “Io in Egypt,” “Idylls[Pg 50] and Epigrams,” “The Queen and Other Poems,” “Collected Poems,” “The Twilight of the Gods,” “A Short History of Italian Literature,” “Essays in Librarianship and Bibliophily,” etc.

Agnes M. F. R. Darmesteter, a distinguished English poet, was born in Leamington, February 27, 1857. Her writings include: “A Handful of Honeysuckle,” “Lyrics,” “Retrospect,” “Arden,” a novel, “Emily Brontë,” “The New Arcadia and Other Poems,” “An Italian Garden, a Book of Songs,” “The End of the Middle Ages,” “Essays and Questions in History,” “Life of Renan,” “Collected Poems,” “The Fields of France,” “The Return to Nature,” “The French Ideal,” “Twentieth Century French Writers,” “Madame de Sévigne,” etc.

Michel Eyquem de Montaigne, the illustrious French moral philosopher, was born at Château Montaigne, Perigord, February 28, 1533, and died September 13, 1592. His remarkable “Essays” won for him world-wide fame.

Berthold Auerbach, a renowned German novelist, was born at Nordstetten, Wurtemberg, February 28, 1812, and died at Cannes, France, February 8, 1882. He wrote: “The[Pg 51] Educated Citizen, a Book for the Thinking Human Mind,” “Poet and Merchant,” “Spinoza,” “The Professor’s Lady,” “Little Barefoot,” “Joseph in the Snow,” “Edelweiss,” “New Life,” “The Head Forester,” “The Villa on the Rhine,” “Waldfried, a Family History,” “Black Forest Village Stories,” “After Thirty Years,” and his most noted work, “On the Heights.”

Arthur Symons, a celebrated writer of prose and verse, was born in Wales, February 28, 1865. His publications include: “An Introduction to the Study of Browning,” “Days and Nights,” “Silhouettes,” “London Nights,” “Amoris Victima,” “Studies in Two Literatures,” “The Symbolist Movement in Literature,” “Images of Good and Evil,” “Collected Poems,” “Plays, Acting, and Music,” “Cities,” “Studies in Prose and Verse,” “Spiritual Adventures,” “A Book of Twenty Songs,” “The Fool of the World,” “Studies in Seven Arts,” “Cities of Italy,” “The Romantic Movement in English Poetry,” “Knave of Hearts,” “Figures of Several Centuries,” “Tragedies,” etc.

John Byrom, a noted English poet, and writer of hymns, was born at Kersel Cell, near Manchester, February 29, 1692, and died in 1763. He wrote a famous poem “Colin and Phoebe.” A collection of his poems was published in 1773.

FOOTNOTES:

[Pg 52]

[Pg 53]

MARCH

[Pg 54]

[Pg 55]

MARCH

George Moritz Ebers, a famous German Egyptologist and novelist, was born at Berlin, March 1, 1837, and died August 7, 1898. Among his noted works are: “The Sisters,” “The Emperor,” “Serapis,” “Joshua,” “Cleopatra,” “Homo Sum,” “Uarda,” “The Bride of the Nile,” and “An Egyptian Princess,” his most celebrated work.

William Dean Howells, a celebrated American novelist and poet, was born at Martinsville, O., March 1, 1837, and died in 1921. Among his numerous works are: “Italian Journeys,” “Poets and Poetry of the West,” “Poems,” “A Day’s Pleasure,” “A Little Girl Among the Old Masters,” “Indian Summer,” “Modern Italian Poets,” “The Shadow of a Dream,” “A Little Swiss Sojourn,” “My Year in a Log Cabin,” “My Literary Passions,” “Impressions and Experiences,” “A Previous Engagement,” “Certain Delightful English Towns,” “Through the Eye[Pg 56] of the Needle,” “Fennel and Rue,” “Imaginary Interviews,” “The Seen and Unseen in Stratford-on-Avon,” “Years of My Youth,” “A Modern Instance,” “The Lady of the Aristook,” “The Rise of Silas Lapham.”

Sir John Davies, a noted English poet and judge, was bom in Tisbury, Wiltshire, March 2, 1570, and died December 7 or 8, 1626. He wrote: “Know Thyself,” “The Orchestra,” and “Hymns to Astraea.”

Carl Schurz, a famous German-American journalist and statesman, was born near Cologne, Prussia, March 2, 1829, and died in 1906. His most celebrated speeches are: “The Irrepressible Conflict,” “The Doom of Slavery,” “The Abolition of Slavery as a War Measure,” “Life of Henry Clay,” “Eulogy on Charles Sumner,” etc.

Edmund Waller, a renowned English poet and parliamentarian, was born at Coleshill, March 3, 1605, and died at Beaconsfield, October 21, 1687. He published a volume of poems in 1645, and another in 1664.[Pg 57]

Thomas Otway, a noted English dramatist, was born at Trotton, near Midhurst, Sussex, March 3, 1652, and died in April, 1685. His famous plays include “Don Carlos, Prince of Spain,” “The Orphan, or the Unhappy Marriage,” “The History and Fall of Caius Marius,” “Venice Preserved, or a Plot Discover’d,” etc.

Etienne Pivert de Sénancour, a distinguished French writer, born at Paris, March 4 (?), 1770, and died at St. Cloud, January 10, 1846. He wrote: “Reveries on the Primitive State of Man,” “Love According to Primordial Laws, and According to the Conventions of Society,” “Free Meditations of an Unknown Solitary on Detachment from the World,” “Isabella,” and “Obermann,” his most celebrated work.

Sir Austen Henry Layard, a celebrated English traveler, was born at Paris, March 5, 1817, and died July 5, 1894. Among his publications are: “Nineveh and Babylon,” “Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia,” “Nineveh and Its Remains.[Pg 58]”

Constance Fenimore Woolson, a well-known American poet and novelist, was born at Claremont, N. H., March 5, 1848, and died at Venice, January, 1894. Her principal works are: “Rodman the Keeper,” “For the Major,” “Anne,” “East Angels,” “Horace Chase,” “Jupiter Lights,” and “Castle Nowhere.”

Michaelangelo Buonarotti, one of the greatest of Italian sculptors and poets, was born at Caprese, March 6, 1475, and died at Rome, February 18, 1564. His “Poems” were published in 1863, and a volume of “Letters” in 1865.

Elizabeth Barrett Browning, a famous English poetess, was born in Durham, March 6, 1809, and died in Florence, June 30, 1861. Her principal poems are: “The Drama of Exile,” “A Vision of Poets,” “The Seraphim,” “Romance of the Swan’s Nest,” “Aurora Leigh,” “The Cry of the Children,” “Lady Geraldine’s Courtship,” and “Sonnets from the Portuguese.[Pg 59]”

George Du Maurier, a celebrated illustrator, cartoonist, and novelist, was born in Paris, March 6, 1834, and died in London, October 8, 1896. He wrote and illustrated three noted stories, “Peter Ibbetson,” “Trilby,” and “The Martian.”

Edward Payson Roe, a noted American novelist, was born in Orange County, N. Y., March 7, 1838, and died at Cornwall, N. Y., July 19, 1888. He wrote: “Barriers Burned Away,” “What Can She Do?” “The Opening of a Chestnut Burr,” “From Jest to Earnest,” “Near to Nature’s Heart,” “A Knight of the Nineteenth Century,” “A Face Illumined,” “A Day of Fate,” “Without a Home,” “A Young Girl’s Wooing,” “Nature’s Serial Story,” “Driven Back to Eden,” “He Fell in Love with His Wife,” “A Hornet’s Nest,” “Miss Lou,” “Taken Alive, and Other Stories,” etc.

Charles Merivale, a famous English historian, was born March 8, 1808, and died December 27, 1893. He wrote:[Pg 60] “General History of Rome from the Foundation of the City to the Fall of Augustulus,” and in 1862 he very successfully translated Keats’ “Hyperion” into Latin verse.

Christopher P. Cranch, a noted American poet and artist, was born in Alexandria, Va., March 8, 1813, and died in Cambridge, Mass., January 20, 1892. His publications include: “Poems,” “The Last of the Huggermuggers,” and “Ariel and Caliban, with Other Poems.”

Edwin Percy Whipple, a distinguished American literary critic, was born at Gloucester, Mass., March 8, 1819, and died in Boston, June 16, 1886. He published: “Essays and Reviews” (2 vols. 1848-49), “Lectures on Subjects Connected with Literature and Life,” “Character and Characteristic Men,” “The Literature of the Age of Elizabeth,” “Success and Its Conditions.” He also wrote: “Recollections of Eminent Men,” “American Literature and Other Papers,” and “Outlooks on Society, Literature, and Politics.” The latter works were published after his death.

William Cobbett, a distinguished English essayist and political writer, was born in Farnham, March 9, 1762, and[Pg 61] died at Normandy Farm, near Farnham, June, 1835. He wrote: “The Political Proteus,” “Legacy to Laborers,” “Advice to Young Men,” etc.

Friedrich von Schlegel, a celebrated German critic and philologist, was born at Hanover, March 10, 1772, and died at Dresden, January 12, 1829. Among his publications are: “History of Greek and Roman Poetry,” “The Greeks and Romans,” “Fragments,” “Poems,” “Alarcos,” “Language and Wisdom of the Indians,” “On the Schools of Grecian Poetry,” “Modern History,” “History of Ancient and Modern Literature,” “Philosophy of Life,” etc.

Baron Joseph Von Eichendorff, a distinguished German poet, was born at the castle of Lubowitz in Silesia, March 10, 1788, and died at Neisse, November 26, 1857. His famous works include: “Presage and Presence,” “War to the Philistines,” “The Last Hero of Marienburg,” etc.

Torquato Tasso, a renowned Italian poet, was born at Sorrento, Italy, March 11, 1544, and died at Rome, April 25, 1595. He published: “Rinaldo,” “Aminta,” “Torismondo,” and his masterpiece, “Jerusalem Delivered.”[Pg 62]

Francis Wayland, a distinguished American clergyman, author, and educator, was born in New York City, March 11, 1796, and died in Providence, Rhode Island, September 30, 1865. Among his notable works are: “Elements of Moral Science,” “Elements of Political Economy,” “The Limitations of Human Responsibility,” “Elements of Intellectual Philosophy,” “Sermons to Churches,” etc., etc.

Bishop George Berkeley, the eminent Irish clergyman and author, was born near Kilkenny, March 12, 1685, and died at Oxford, England, January 14, 1753. His writings include: “Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision,” “The Analyst,” “The Principles of Human Knowledge,” his famous “Commonplace Book, 1703-6,” etc.

Thomas Buchanan Read, a celebrated American portrait-painter and poet, was born in Pennsylvania, March 12, 1822, and died in 1872. His most famous works are: “The House by the Sea,” “Poems,” “Lays and Ballads,” “Poetical Works,” “A Summer Story,” “The New Pastoral,” “The Pilgrims of the Great St. Bernard,” “The Good Samaritans,” “A Voyage to Iceland,” “Sylvia; or The Lost Shepherd,” “Drifting.[Pg 63]”

Joseph Priestley, an English theologian, physicist, and philosopher of great fame, was born at Fieldhead, near Leeds, March 13, 1733, and died near Philadelphia, February 6, 1804. His principal writings are: “Observations on Different Kinds of Air,” “History of Electricity,” “The Doctrine of Phlogiston Established,” “History of the Corruptions of Christianity,” “Disquisitions on Matter and Spirit,” and “Institutes of Natural and Revealed Religion.”

Augustus John Cuthbert Hare, a noted English descriptive writer, was born in Rome, March 13, 1834, and died in 1903. He wrote: “A Winter at Mentone,” “Walks in Rome,” “Wanderings in Spain,” “Walks in London,” “Days near Paris,” “Cities of Southern Italy and Sicily,” “Memorials of a Quiet Life,” “Story of My Life,” etc.

Thomas Hart Benton, a distinguished American statesman and author, was born near Hillsborough, Orange County, N. C., March 14, 1782, and died in Washington, D.[Pg 64] C., April 10, 1858. His chief publications are his “Abridgment of the Debates of Congress” and his “Thirty Years’ View.”

Charles Dibdin, a noted English lyric and dramatic poet, and actor, was born at Southampton, March 15, 1745, and died July 25, 1814. He wrote: “History of the Stage,” “Sea Songs,” and many plays and operettas.

Paul Ludwig Heyse, a famous German poet and novelist, was born in Berlin, March 15, 1830, and died in 1914. He has written: “The Sabines,” “The Brothers,” “Ourika,” “Rafael,” “Children of the World,” etc.; also his celebrated tragedy “Francesca da Rimini.”

James Madison, the fourth President of the United States, was born at Port Conway, Va., March 16, 1751, and died at Montpelier, Vt., June 28, 1836. His “Complete Works” have been published in six volumes.[Pg 65]

Madame Roland, a noted French author and Republican politician, was born in Paris, March 17, 1754, and died November 8, 1793. Her “Letters” and “Memoirs,” published after her death, have made her famous.

Thomas Chalmers, a famous Scottish theologian, was born in Anstruther, Fifeshire, March 17, 1780, and died in Edinburgh, May 30, 1847. His works were collected (23 vols., 1836-42), “Posthumous Works” (9 vols., 1847-49), “Select Works” (12 vols., 1854-79).

Jean Ingelow, a celebrated English poet and novelist was born in Boston, Lincolnshire, March 17, 1830, and died in London, July 19, 1897. Among her writings are: “A Rhyming Chronicle of Incidents and Feelings,” “Home Thoughts and Home Scenes,” “Round of Days,” “A Story of Doom and Other Poems,” “Mopsa the Fairy,” “Little Wonder Horn,” “Studies for Stories,” “A Sister’s Bye Hours,” “Quite Another Story,” “A Motto Changed,” “Songs of Seven,” etc.

Madame de Lafayette, a noted French novelist, was baptized at Paris, March 18, 1634, and died there, May 25,[Pg 66] 1693. She wrote: “The Princess de Montpensier,” “Zaide,” “History of Henrietta of England,” “Memoirs of the Court of France for the Years 1688 and 1689,” and “The Princess of Cleves,” her most celebrated work.

John Caldwell Calhoun, an illustrious American statesman, was born in Abbeville Dist., S. C., March 18, 1782, and died in Washington, March 31, 1850. His works include his famous treatise: “On the Constitution and Government of the United States,” and a “Discourse on Government.”

Grover Stephen Cleveland, a distinguished American diplomat and President of the United States from 1885 to 1889, and again from 1893 to 1897, was born at Caldwell, Essex County, New Jersey, March 18, 1837, and died in 1908. He published: “Presidential Problems,” “Fishing and Hunting Sketches.”

William Allingham, a noted Irish poet, was born at Ballyshannon, March 19, 1828, and died at Hampstead, near London, November 18, 1889. His most celebrated work is: “Lawrence Bloomfield in Ireland.[Pg 67]”

Ovid (Publius Ovidius Naso), the great Roman poet, was born at Sulmo, March 20, 43 B.C., and died at Tomi, A.D. 17. He wrote: “Heroids,” “Metamorphoses,” “Fasti,” “Art of Love,” “Epistles,” “Amours,” etc.

Henrik Ibsen, a famous Norwegian dramatist, was born in Skien, March 20, 1828, and died in 1906. His most noted plays are: “The Pillars of Society,” “The Warriors at Helgeland,” “Love’s Comedy,” “The Wild Duck,” “An Enemy of the People,” “Ghosts,” “Hedda Gabler,” and “A Doll’s House.”

Jean Paul Friedrich Richter, the celebrated German philosopher and humorist, was born at Wunsiedel, Bavaria, March 21, 1763, and died at Bayreuth, November 14, 1825. His noted works were: “The Country Valley,” “Titan,” “Flower, Fruit, and Thorn Pieces,” “The Invisible Lodge,” “The Life of Quintus Fixlein,” “The Jubilating Senior,” “Introduction to Aesthetics,” “Hesperus,” “Wild Oats,” etc.[Pg 68]

Henry Kirke White, a noted English poet, was born at Nottingham, March 21, 1785, and died October 19, 1806. He published: “Clifton Grove, a Sketch in Verse with Other Poems,” which was dedicated to Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire. He also wrote numerous religious verses.

Mathilde Blind, a celebrated German-English poet, was born in Mannheim, March 21, 1847, and died in London, November 26, 1896. Among her writings are: “Life of George Eliot,” “Madame Roland,” “The Heather on Fire,” “Ascent of Man,” “Dramas in Miniature,” “The Prophecy of St. Oran, and Other Poems,” “Songs and Sonnets,” and “Birds of Passage.”

Edward Moore, a famous English dramatist and fabulist, was born at Abingdon, March 22, 1712, and died in London, March 1, 1757. He wrote: “Fables for the Female Sex,” “Gil Blas,” “Poems, Fables, and Plays,” “Dramatic Works,” etc.[Pg 69]

Francis W. Bourdillon, a noted English poet, was born March 22, 1852. He has published: “Among the Flowers and Other Poems,” “Ailes d’Alouette,” “A Lost God,” “Bedside Readings,” “Sursom Corda,” “Nephele,” “Through the Gateway,” “Aucassin and Nicolette,” “Prelude and Romances,” etc.

Madison Julius Cawein, a distinguished American poet, was born in Louisville, Ky., March 23, 1865, and died December 7, 1914. Among his works are: “Blooms of the Berry,” “The Triumph of Music,” “Lyrics and Idyls,” “Days and Dreams,” “Moods and Memories,” “Accolon of Gaul,” “Intimations of the Beautiful,” “Red Leaves and Roses,” “Undertones,” and “Poems of Nature and Love.”

Joel Barlow, a famous American poet and statesman, was born in Redding, Conn., March 24, 1754, and died near Cracow, Poland, December 24, 1812. He wrote: “The Vision of Columbus,” “The Columbiad,” “The Conspiracy of Kings,” and his celebrated poem, “Hasty Pudding.[Pg 70]”

William Morris, a celebrated English poet and writer on socialism, was born near London, March 24, 1834, and died at Hammersmith, October 3, 1896. His poetical writings include: “Defence of Guenevere and Other Poems,” “Life and Death of Jason,” “The Earthly Paradise,” “Love Is Enough,” “Poems by the Way,” “The Story of Sigurd,” etc. He also wrote: “The House of the Wolfings,” “The Roots of the Mountains,” “Hopes and Fears for Art,” etc., and translated the “Æneid” in 1876, and the “Odyssey” in 1887.

John Dunlop, a noted Scottish song-writer, was born March 25 (?), 1755, and died at Port Glasgow, September 4, 1820. His Most famous song is, “Oh, Dinna Ask Me Gin I Lo’e Ye,” which won for him great fame.

William Edward Hartpole Lecky, a distinguished English historian, was born in Dublin, Ireland, March 26, 1838, and died in 1903. Among his works may be mentioned: “History of the Rise and Influence of the Spirit[Pg 71] of Rationalism in Europe,” “The Leaders of Public Opinion in Ireland,” “A History of England in the 18th Century,” “A History of Ireland in the 18th Century,” “Democracy and Liberty,” “A History of European Morals from Augustus to Charlemagne.”

Alfred Edward Housman, a noted English poet, was born March 26, 1859. Among his poetical pieces are: “A Shropshire Lad,” “The Recruit,” “The Street Sounds to the Soldiers’ Tread,” “The Day of Battle,” “On the Idle Hill of Summer,” “Loveliest of Trees,” etc.

Alfred Victor, Comte de Vigny, a celebrated French writer, was born in Loches, March 27, 1799, and died in Paris, September 17, 1863. His works include: “Cinq-Mars,” “Consultations of Dr. Noir,” etc. He also wrote several plays, “Chatterton” being the most famous.

Charles Mackay, a noted Scottish poet, journalist, and miscellaneous writer, was born at Perth, March 27, 1814, and died in London, December 24, 1889. He wrote: “Voices[Pg 72] from the Mountains,” “Voices from the Crowd,” “The Salamandrine, or Love and Immortality,” etc.

Johann Amos Comenius, an illustrious theologian and educator, was born at Nivnitz (?), Moravia, March 28, 1592, and died at Amsterdam, November 15, 1670. He has written: “Gate of Languages Unlocked,” “World of Sense Depicted,” “Great Didactics, or the Whole Art of Teaching Everything,” etc.

Samuel Sewall, a distinguished American jurist, was born in Bishopstoke, England, March 28, 1652, and died in Boston, January 1, 1730. He wrote: “The Selling of Joseph,” “The Accomplishment of Prophecies,” “A Memorial Relating to the Kennebec Indians,” “A Description of the New Heaven,” His “Diary” was published in the “Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society.”

Pierre Simon, Marquis de Laplace, a renowned French mathematician and physical astronomer, was born at Beaumont-en-Auge, March 28, 1749, and died at Paris, March 5, 1827. His works include: “Exposition of the System of the Universe,” “Mechanism of the Heavens,” “Analytic Theory of Probabilities,” “Philosophical Essay on Probabilities,” etc.[Pg 73]

Orville Dewey, a noted American clergyman and man of letters, was born in Sheffield, Mass., March 28, 1794, and died there, March 21, 1882. Among his works are: “Discourses on Human Nature,” “Discourses on the Nature of Religion,” “The Problem of Human Destiny,” etc.

James Darmesteter, a distinguished French Orientalist, was born at Château-Salins, March 28, 1849, and died October 19, 1894. Among his writings may be mentioned: “Ormazd and Ahriman,” “Iranian Studies,” “Origins of Persian Poetry,” and “Selected Essays.”

David Everett, a noted American journalist and miscellaneous writer, was born at Princeton, Mass., March 29, 1770, and died at Marietta, Ohio, December 21, 1813. He wrote: “Common Sense in Deshabille or the Farmer’s Monitor,” “The Rights and Duties of Nations,” and “Darenzel, or the Persian Patriot.[Pg 74]”

Sir Henry Wotton, a famous English diplomatist, poet, and miscellaneous writer, was born at Boughton, Malherbe, Kent, March 30, 1568, and died at Eton, December, 1639. He wrote: “State of Christendom,” “Poems,” “Elements of Architecture,” etc.

John Fiske, a renowned American historian, was born at Hartford, Conn., March 30, 1842, and died at Gloucester, Mass., July 4, 1901. He has written: “Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy,” “The Unseen World,” “Darwinism,” “American Political Ideas,” “The Critical Period of American History,” “The Idea of God,” “The American Revolution,” “The Beginnings of New England,” “The Discovery of America,” “Dutch and Quaker Colonies in America” (1899), “Civil Government of the United States,” “The Mississippi Valley in the Civil War,” “Old Virginia and her Neighbors,” 2 vols., etc.

Paul Verlaine, a celebrated French poet and story writer was born at Metz, March 30, 1844, and died at Paris, January 8, 1896. He wrote: “Saturnine Poems,” “Gay Festivals,” “Memoirs of a Widower,” “Stories Without Words,” “Love,” “Dedications,” “Good Luck,” “My Hospitals,” etc.[Pg 75]

René Descartes, the illustrious French philosopher, was born at La Haye, Touraine, March 31, 1596, and died at Stockholm, February 11, 1650. His works include: “Discourse on Method,” “Meditations in Elementary Philosophy,” “Philosophical Beginnings,” “Dioptrique,” “Meteors,” “Geometry,” “Treatise on the Passions,” and “Letters to the Princess Elizabeth.”

Andrew Marvell, a famous English poet and satirist, was born at Winstead, Yorkshire, March 31, 1621, and died in London, August 18, 1678. He wrote: “The Nymph Complaining,” “The Rehearsal Transposed,” “Horatian Ode on Cromwell’s Return from Ireland,” and his well-known “Poems on Affairs of State.”

Edward Fitzgerald, a renowned English poet, was born at Bredfield House, near Suffolk, March 31, 1809, and died June 14, 1883. Among his writings are: “The Mighty Magician,” “Six Dramas from Calderon,” and “The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám.” These are all translations of foreign poems.[Pg 76]

Andrew Lang, a noted English poet, story-teller and literary critic, was born at Selkirk, Scotland, March 31, 1844, and died in 1912. Among his works are: “Letters to Dead Authors,” “Helen of Troy,” “Ballads and Lyrics of Old France,” “Custom and Myth,” “Myth, Ritual, and Religion,” “Ballades in Blue China,” etc.[Pg 77]

FOOTNOTES:

APRIL

[Pg 78]

[Pg 79]

APRIL

Anthèlme Brillat-Savarin, a distinguished French author, was born April 1, 1755, and died in 1826. His fame rests on the noted work: “Physiology of Taste.”

Otto Edward Leopold Von Bismarck, the renowned German statesman, was born at Schonhausen, April 1, 1815, and died in 1898. “Bismarck’s Letters” won for him a place in literature.

Edmond Rostand, a noted French dramatist, was born in Marseilles, April 1, 1868, and died in 1918. His notable plays include: “Les Romanesques,” “La Princesse Lointaine,” “La Samaritaine,” “Cyrano de Bergerac,” “L’Aiglon,” “Poems,” “Les Musardises,” “Pour la Grèce,” “Un Soir à Hernani,” “Les Mots,” “Chantecler,” “Le Cantique de l’Aile,” “Le Printemps de l’Aile,” etc.[Pg 80]

Thomas Jefferson, a distinguished American statesman, was born at Shadwell, Va., April 2, 1743, and died at Monticello, Va., July 4, 1826. He wrote: “Notes on Virginia,” “Autobiography,” “Correspondence,” etc. The Declaration of Independence was also written by him.

Hans Christian Andersen, a renowned Danish poet and story writer, was born at Odense, April 2, 1805, and died August 4, 1875. He wrote: “The Poet’s Bazar,” “Only a Fiddler,” “The Picture Book Without Pictures,” “The Improvisatore,” and his celebrated “Wonder Tales” for children. Among his dramatic compositions are: “Raphaella,” “The Two Baronesses,” “The Flowers of Happiness,” etc.

John Forster, a noted English biographer and historical writer, was born in Newcastle-on-Tyne, April 2, 1812, and died in London, February 2, 1876. He wrote: “Life of Charles Dickens,” “Statesmen of the Commonwealth of England,” “Life of Oliver Goldsmith,” “Biographical and Historical Essays,” etc.

George Herbert, a celebrated English poet, was born in Montgomery Castle, Montgomeryshire, April 3, 1593, and[Pg 81] died at Bemerton, Wiltshire, in 1633. His most noted poems are: “Sweet Day, So Cool, So Calm, So Bright,” “Virtue,” “Life,” “Love,” “Discipline,” “Holy Baptism,” etc.

Washington Irving, the renowned American historian, biographer, and man of letters, was born in New York, April 3, 1783, and died at “Sunnyside,” near Tarrytown, N. Y., November 28, 1859. His principal works are: “The Alhambra,” “Mahomet and His Successors,” “Conquest of Granada,” “The Sketch Book,” “Bracebridge Hall,” “Life and Times of Christopher Columbus,” “Companions of Columbus,” “Life of Washington,” “A Voyage to the Eastern Part of Terra Firma,” a translation; “Life of Oliver Goldsmith,” “Astoria,” “History of New York, by Diedrich Knickerbocker,” “The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell,” “The Rocky Mountains: Journal of Captain B. L. E. Bonneville,” etc.

Edward Everett Hale, a distinguished American divine and prose-writer, was born in Boston, Mass., April 3, 1822, and died June 10, 1909. Among his writings are: “The Man Without a Country,” “My Double and How He Undid Me,” “Ten Times One is Ten,” “The Skeleton in the Closet,” “In His Name,” “Ups and Downs,” “Philip Nolan’s Friends,” “The Kingdom of God,” “East and West,” “Ralph Waldo Emerson,” “Memories of a Hundred Years,” “We, the People,” “Prayers in the Senate,” “Foundations of the Republic,” etc.[Pg 82]

Harriet Elizabeth (Prescott) Spofford, a noted American poet and novelist, was born in Calais, Me., April 3, 1835, and died August 15, 1921. Among her noted works are: “New England Legends,” “Poems,” “Ballads about Authors,” “The Marquis of Carabas,” “A Master Spirit,” “In Titian’s Garden,” “The Thief in the Night,” “The Amber Gods, and Other Stories,” “In a Cellar,” etc.

John Burroughs, a famous American essayist, was born in Roxbury, N. Y., April 3, 1837, and died in 1921. He has written: “Winter Sunshine,” “Fresh Fields,” “Wake-Robin,” “Birds and Poets,” “Locusts and Wild Honey,” “Sharp Eyes,” “Signs and Seasons,” “Riverely,” “The Light of Day,” “Ways of Nature,” “Camping and Tramping with Roosevelt,” “Under the Apple Trees,” etc.

Margaret Wilson Oliphant, a well-known Scotch novelist, was born April 4, 1828, and died in 1897. Among her numerous works may be mentioned: “Zaidee,” “The Story of Valentine and His Brother,” “In Trust,” “A House Divided Against Itself,” “Sir Tom,” “The Cuckoo[Pg 83] in the Nest,” “English Literature at the End of the Eighteenth and Beginning of the Nineteenth Century,” “Victorian Age of English Literature,” “Makers of Florence, Venice, and Rome,” “The Reign of Queen Anne,” “The Makers of Modern Rome,” “William Blackwood and His Sons,” etc.

Thomas Hobbes, a renowned English philosopher, was born in Malmesbury, April 5, 1588, and died at Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire, December 4, 1679. A few of his many works are: “De Cive,” “Human Nature,” “De Corpore Politico,” and “Leviathan, or the Matter, Form, and Power of a Commonwealth,” considered his masterpiece.

William Congreve, an eminent English dramatist, was born in Bardsley, near Leeds, April 5, 1670, and died at London, January 19, 1729. Among his comedies are: “The Double Dealer,” “The Mourning Bride,” “The Old Bachelor,” and “Love for Love.”

Sydney Thompson Dobell, a famous English poet, was born at Cranbrook, in Kent, April 5, 1824, and died in 1874. He wrote: “England in Time of War,” and two noted poems, “The Roman” and “Balder.” “Thoughts on Art, Philosophy and Religion,” appeared after his death.[Pg 84]

Frank Richard Stockton, a celebrated American author, was born in Philadelphia, April 5, 1834, and died April 20, 1902. Among his popular works may be mentioned: “Rudder Grange,” “The Lady or the Tiger,” “The Casting Away of Mrs. Leeks and Mrs. Aleshine,” “The Dusantes,” “Tales Out of School,” “Adventures of Captain Horn,” “The Great Stone of Sardis,” “The Watchmaker’s Wife and Other Stories,” “Pomona’s Travels,” “Mrs. Cliff’s Yacht,” “Kate Bonnett,” etc.

Algernon Charles Swinburne, an eminent English poet, was born in London, April 5, 1837; and died April 10, 1909. His publications include: “Poems and Ballads,” “The Queen Mother and Rosamond,” “Bothwell,” “Songs of the Springtides,” “A Century of Roundels,” “The Sisters,” “Studies in Song,” “Songs of Two Nations,” “Chastelard,” “Ode on the Proclamation of the French[Pg 85] Republic,” “Songs Before Sunrise,” “Atalanta in Calydon,” “Under the Microscope,” “Tristram of Lyonesse and Other Poems,” “Marino Faliero,” “A Midsummer Holiday and Other Poems,” “Locrine,” a tragedy, a third series of “Poems and Ballads,” “Astrophel and Other Poems,” “The Tale of Balen,” “Rosamund, Queen of the Lombards,” a tragedy, etc.

John Pierpont, a well-known American clergyman and poet, was born in Litchfield, Conn., April 6, 1785, and died in Medford, Mass., August 27, 1866. He wrote: “Airs of Palestine, and Other Poems,” also, his famous poem “Warren’s Address at the Battle of Bunker Hill.”

Edmund Hamilton Sears, a noted American clergyman, religious writer and poet was born in Sandisfield, Mass., April 6, 1810, and died at Weston, Mass., January 14, 1876. He wrote: “Regeneration,” “Pictures of the Olden Time,” “Athanasia,” “Christian Lyrics,” “The Fourth Gospel: the Heart of Christ,” “Sermons and Songs of the Christian Life,” “Christ in the Life,” etc.[Pg 86]

William Wordsworth, the great English poet, was born at Cockermouth, Cumberland, April 7, 1770, and died at Rydal Mount, April 23, 1850. Among his noted works are: “The Excursion,” “Lyrical Ballads,” “The Prelude,” “Peter Bell,” “The Waggoner,” “Sonnets,” “Yarrow Revisited and Other Poems,” “Poems,” “An Evening Walk,” etc.

William Ellery Channing, a distinguished American theologian, was born at Newport, R. I.; April 7, 1780, and died at Bennington, Vt.; April, 1842. His works were published in 1848, and comprise the following: “Youth of the Poet and Painter,” “Thoreau the Poet-Naturalist,” “Conversation in Rome Between an Artist and Catholic, and a Critic,” etc.

Edmond Scherer, a celebrated French essayist and critic, was born in Paris, April 8, 1815, and died at Ver[Pg 87]sailles, March 16, 1889. Among his writings are: “Miscellanies of Religious Criticism,” “Letters to my Pastor,” “Criticism and Belief,” “Miscellanies of Religious History,” etc.

Fisher Ames, a famous American statesman and orator, was born at Dedham, Mass., April 9, 1758, and died there, July 4, 1808. He wrote many essays and orations.

Ludwig Von Beethoven, a renowned German composer, was born at Bonn, April 9, 1770, and died at Vienna, in 1827. Besides his numerous musical productions, he won literary fame by his “Correspondence” and “Brentano Letters.”

William Hazlitt, a celebrated English prose-writer and critic, was born in Maidstone, Kent, April 10, 1778, and died in London, September 18, 1830. He wrote: “The Spirit of the Age,” “Characters of Shakespeare’s Plays,” “Lectures on English Poets,” etc.

Lewis Wallace (“Lew Wallace”), a famous American general, lawyer, and novelist, was born at Brookville,[Pg 88] Ind., April 10, 1827, and died in 1905. Among his notable works are: “The Fair God,” “Ben Hur,” “The Life of Gen. Benjamin Harrison,” “Commodus: a Tragedy,” “The Boyhood of Christ,” “The Prince of India,” etc.

Louise (Chandler) Moulton, a noted American poet, story-writer, and critic, was born in Pomfret, Conn., April 10, 1835, and died August 10, 1908. She wrote: “The True Flag,” “This, That and the Other,” “Juno Clifford,” “Bed-Time Stories,” “Firelight Stories,” “Stories Told at Twilight,” “In the Garden of Dreams,” “Poems,” etc.; also, “Miss Eyre from Boston and Other Stories,” “Lazy Tours in Spain,” etc.

Christopher Smart, a famous English poet, was born at Shipbourne, Kent, April 11, 1722, and died May 21, 1771. His works include: “Translation of the Psalms of David,” “The Hilliad: An Epic Poem,” “Song to David,” “Power of the Supreme Being,” “Poems,” “Poems on Several Occasions,” etc.[Pg 89]

George Canning, an English statesman, orator, and writer of great distinction, was born in London, April 11, 1770, and died at Chiswick, August 8, 1827. He wrote: “The Needy Knife-Grinder,” “The Rovers,” etc.

Edward Everett, a famous American statesman, was born at Dorchester, Mass., April 11, 1794, and died January 15, 1865. Among his writings were: “Mount Vernon Papers,” “Defense of Christianity,” “Orations and Speeches,” etc.

Henry Clay, an eminent American orator and statesman, was born in Hanover, Va., April 12, 1777, and died at Washington, D. C., June 29, 1852. His “Complete Works,” were edited in 1857.

Donald Grant Mitchell (“Ik Marvel”), a famous American novelist and essayist, was born at Norwich,[Pg 90] Conn., April 12, 1822, and died in 1908. He wrote: “Dream Life,” “My Farm of Edgewood,” “Doctor Johns,” “Bound Together,” “Wet Days at Edgewood,” “English Lands, Letters and Kings,” and his most noted work, “Reveries of a Bachelor.”

Thomas Percy, a noted English poet, was born at Bridgenorth in Shropshire, April 13, 1728 or 1729, and died at Dromore, Ireland, September 30, 1811. He wrote: “The Hermit of Warkworth,” the song, “O Nanny, Wilt Thou Gang Wi’ Me?” and published a collection of old ballads and songs under the title “Reliques of Ancient English Poetry.”

Horace Bushnell, an eminent American clergyman, was born near Litchfield, Connecticut, April 14, 1802, and died at Hartford, Conn., in 1876. Among his numerous works may be mentioned: “Christian Nurture,” “God in Christ,” “Christ in Theology,” “The Vicarious Sacrifice,” “Nature and the Supernatural,” “Moral Uses of Dark Things,” “The Age of Homespun,” “Forgiveness and Law,” “Work and Play,” “The Character of Jesus,” “Christ and His Salvation,” etc.

John Lothrop Motley, a famous American historian and diplomatist, was born at Dorchester, Mass., April 15,[Pg 91] 1814, and died in Dorsetshire, England, May 29, 1877. Among his works are: “Rise of the Dutch Republic,” “History of the United Netherlands,” “Causes of the Civil War in America,” “Life of John of Barneveld,” etc.

Henry James, a distinguished American novelist and miscellaneous prose-writer, was born in New York, April 15, 1843, and died in February, 1916. Among his numerous works may be mentioned: “Roderick Hudson,” “A Passionate Pilgrim and Other Tales,” “The American,” “French Poets and Novelists,” “Daisy Miller: a Study,” “A Bundle of Letters,” “The Diary of a Man of Fifty,” “Washington Square,” “A Little Tour in France,” “The Portrait of a Lady,” “The Bostonians,” “The Tragic Muse,” “Partial Portraits,” “The Real Thing and Other Tales,” “The Private Life,” “The Wheel of Time,” “The Princess Casamassima,” “Essays in London and Elsewhere,” etc.

Bliss Carman, a celebrated Canadian poet, was born at Fredericton, N. B., April 15, 1861. He has written: “Low Tide on Grand Pré: A Book of Lyrics,” “Songs from Vagabondia,” “Behind the Arras: A Book of the Unseen,” “A Winter Holiday,” “Christmas Eve at St. Kavin’s,” “Ode for the Coronation,” “Pipes of Pan No. I,” “Pipes of Pan No. II,” “The Kinship of Nature,” “The Friendship of Art,” “The Poetry of Life,” “The Making of Personality,” “Sappho,” “Daughters of Dawn,” “Oxford Book of American Verse,” “Earth Deities,” “April Airs,” etc.[Pg 92]

Louis Adolphe Thiers, a renowned French statesman and author, was born at Marseilles, April 16, 1797, and died at St. Germain, September 3, 1877. He wrote: “History of John Law,” “Man and Matter,” “On Property,” “History of the Consulate and the Empire,” and his most famous work, “History of the French Revolution.”

Anatole France (Jacques Anatole Thibault), a celebrated French critic, poet and novelist, was born at Paris, April 16, 1844. He has written: “The Yule Log,” “Our Children: Scenes in Town and in the Fields,” “The Garden of Epicurus,” “Abeille,” “Poems,” “The Crime of Sylvester Bonnard,” “The Wishes of Jean Servien,” “Balthazar,” “Thais,” “My Friend’s Book,” “Le Jongleur de Notre Dame,” “Histoire de Jeanne d’Arc,” “La Revolte des Anges,” etc.

William Gilmore Simms, a distinguished American poet and novelist, was born in Charleston, S. C., April 17, 1806, and died there June 11, 1870. His publications include: “The Wigwam and the Cabin; or, Tales of the South,” “Atalantis: A Tale of the Sea,” “Castle Dismal,” “The Maroon, and Other Tales,” “The Yemassee,” and “War Poetry of the South.”[Pg 93]

George Henry Lewes, a celebrated English historical and miscellaneous writer, was born at London, April 18, 1817, and died there November 28, 1878. Among his writings are: “The Life and Works of Goethe,” “History of Philosophy from Thales to Comte,” “The Physiology of Common Life,” “Seaside Studies,” “Studies in Animal Life,” “Aristotle: A Chapter from the History of Science,” “Problems of Life and Mind,” “The Physical Basis of Mind,” “Ranthorpe,” “The Noble Heart,” etc.

Robert Blair, a noted Scottish poet, was born at Edinburgh, April 19 (?), 1699, and died February 4, 1746. His reputation as a poet rests solely on his famous poem, “The Grave,” written in blank verse.

Marcus Aurelius, the great Roman emperor, was born in Rome, April 20, A.D., 121, and died in Pannonia, March 17, 180. His “Meditations” have been handed down to posterity.[Pg 94]

Dinah Maria Mulock Craik, a famous English novelist, was born in Stoke-upon-Trent, April 20, 1826, and died at London, October, 1887. The best known of her works are: “The Ogilvies,” “John Halifax, Gentleman,” “Two Marriages,” “A Brave Lady,” and “A Noble Life.”

William Henry Davies, a noted Welsh poet, was born in Monmouthshire, April 20, 1870. He has written: “The Soul’s Destroyer,” “New Poems,” “Nature Poems,” “Farewell to Poesy,” “Songs of Joy,” “Foliage,” “The Bird of Paradise,” “Child Lovers,” “Collected Poems,” “The Autobiography of a Super-Tramp,” “A Pilgrim in Wales,” “A Poet’s Pilgrimage.”

Friedrich Froebel, an eminent German educator, was born at Oberweissbach, April 21, 1782, and died at Marienthal, June 21, 1852. He won fame by his celebrated work, “The Education of Man.[Pg 95]”

Reginald Heber, a famous English hymn-writer and clergyman, was born in Cheshire, April 21, 1783, and died at Trichinopoly, India, April 2, 1826. His prose writings include the Bampton lectures on “The Personality and Office of the Christian Comforter,” “Life of Jeremy Taylor,” “Journey Through India,” etc. His fame rests, however, on his hymns, “From Greenland’s Icy Mountains,” and “Holy, Holy, Holy! Lord God Almighty!”

Charlotte Brontë, a famous English novelist, was born in Thornton, April 21, 1816, and died in Haworth, March 31, 1855. She wrote: “Shirley,” “Villette,” “The Professor,” and “Jane Eyre,” her most famous work.

Adolphe Hippolyte Taine, an illustrious French historian and critic, was born at Vouziers (Ardennes), April 21, 1828, and died at Paris, March 5, 1893. Among his publications are: “Essay on La Fontaine’s Fables,” “Essay on Livy,” “Journey to the Pyrenees,” “French Philosophers in the Nineteenth Century,” “Essays in Criticism and History,” “Notes on England,” “Contemporary English Writers,” “History of English Literature,” “English Idealism,” “New Essays in Criticism and History,” “Phil[Pg 96]osophy of Art,” “Philosophy of Art in Italy,” “Tour in Italy, Naples, Rome, Florence, and Venice,” “Notes on Paris,” “The Ideal in Art,” “Philosophy of Art in Greece,” “On the Understanding,” “The Old Régime,” “The Revolutionary Governments,” etc.

Henry Fielding, a celebrated English novelist, was born at Sharpham Park, Somersetshire, April 22, 1707, and died at Lisbon, October 8, 1754. His most famous works are: “Tom Jones, or the History of a Foundling,” “The Adventures of Joseph Andrews,” “Amelia,” and “The History of Jonathan Wild.”

Emmanuel Kant, an eminent German philosopher, was born at Königsberg, April 22, 1724, and died there, February 12, 1804. His three famous works are: “Critique of the Practical Reason,” “Critique of Pure Reason,” and “Critique of the Power of Judgment.”

Anne Louise Germaine (Necker), Baroness de Staël-Holstein, a celebrated French writer, was born in Paris, April 22, 1766, and died there July 14, 1817. She wrote: “Letters on the Character and Writings of J. J. Rousseau,” “Corinne,” “Delphine,” “Literature in Relation to Social Institutions,” etc.[Pg 97]

Philip James Bailey, a noted English poet, was born in Basford, Nottinghamshire, April 22, 1816, and died in 1902. He wrote: “The Universal Hymn,” “The Age,” “The Mystic,” “The Angel World,” and his great poem, “Festus.”

William Shakespeare, the great English poet, was born at Stratford-on-Avon, April 23, 1564, and he died there April 23, 1616. Among his famous works may be mentioned: “Henry VI,” “Richard III,” “Taming of the Shrew,” “Love’s Labour’s Lost,” “Comedy of Errors,” “Two Gentlemen of Verona,” “Romeo and Juliet,” “The Merchant of Venice,” “A Midsummer Night’s Dream,” “Henry V,” “All’s Well That Ends Well,” “The Merry Wives of Windsor,” “As You Like It,” “Julius Cæsar,” “Much Ado About Nothing,” “Twelfth Night,” “Hamlet,” “Othello,” “King Lear,” “Macbeth,” “Measure for Measure,” “Antony and Cleopatra,” “Cymbeline,” “A Winter’s Tale,” “The Tempest,” etc., etc.

James Anthony Froude, a celebrated English historian, was born at Dartington in Devonshire, April 23, 1818, and[Pg 98] died in London, October 20, 1894. Among his works are: “Luther: A Short Biography,” “Shadows of a Cloud,” “Nemesis of Faith,” “History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth,” “The English in Ireland in the Eighteenth Century,” “Influence of the Reformation on the Scottish Character,” “Thomas Carlyle,” “Short Studies on Great Subjects,” “Spanish Story of the Armada,” etc.

Edwin Markham, a noted American poet, was born at Oregon City, Oregon, April 23, 1852. He is best known by his famous poem, “The Man with the Hoe.”

John Trumbull, a famous American lawyer, poet, and wit, was born in Westbury, Conn., April 24, 1750, and died at Detroit, Mich., May 10, 1831. He wrote: “The Progress of Dullness,” “McFingal,” which won for him his greatest fame, and several other works. His “Poetical Works” were published in 1820.

Anthony Trollope, an illustrious English novelist, was born in London, April 24, 1815, and died there, De[Pg 99]cember 6, 1882. Among his numerous publications may be mentioned: “The Kellys and the O’Kellys,” “La Vendée,” “The Warden,” “Barchester Towers,” “Doctor Thorne,” “The Bertrams,” “Castle Richmond,” “Orley Farm,” “Tales of All Countries,” “The Struggles of Brown, Jones and Robinson,” “North America,” “Rachel Ray,” “Hunting Sketches,” “Traveling Sketches,” “The Claverings,” “British Sports and Pastimes,” “He Knew He Was Right,” “Mary Gresley,” “Ralph the Heir,” “The Golden Lion of Granpère,” “Phineas Redux,” “South Australia and Western Australia,” “Lady Anna,” “The Prime Minister,” “The American Senator,” “South Africa,” “John Caldigate,” “Cousin Henry,” “The Duke’s Children,” “Life of Cicero,” “Ayala’s Angel,” “Marion Fay,” “The Fixed Period,” “Kept in the Dark,” etc. His “Autobiography” appeared in 1883.

Anne Reeve Aldrich, a noted American poet and novelist, was born in New York, April 25, 1866, and died there June 22, 1892. She wrote: “The Rose of Flame,” “The Feet of Love,” “Songs About Life, Love and Death,” etc.

Johann L. Uhland, an eminent German poet, was born at Tubingen, April 26, 1787, and died November 13, 1862.[Pg 100] He wrote: “Walther von der Vogelweide,” “The Old French Epos,” “The Myth of Thor, according to Norse Tradition,” etc. Also two dramas: “Ludwig the Bavarian,” and “Ernest, Duke of Suabia.” His ballads and songs also won for him great renown.

David Hume, a famous British philosopher and historian, was born in Edinburgh, April 26, 1711, and died there August 25, 1776. Among his works may be mentioned: “Political Discourses,” “An Inquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals,” “Four Dissertations,” “A Treatise on Human Nature,” “History of England,” “Two Essays,” “Natural History of Religion,” “Essays, Moral and Political,” etc.

Charles Farrar Browne (“Artemus Ward”), a noted American humorist, was born at Waterford, Me., April 26, 1834, and died at Southampton, England, March 6, 1867. He wrote: “Artemus Ward, His Book,” and “Artemus Ward, His Travels.”

Edward Gibbon, a renowned English historian, was born at Putney, Surrey, April 27, 1737, and died at London, January 15, 1794. His notable works are: “History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,” “Critical Ob[Pg 101]servations,” “Essay on the Study of Literature,” and “Miscellaneous Works, with Memoir Composed by Himself.”

Herbert Spencer, the celebrated English philosopher, was born at Derby, April 27, 1820, and died December 8, 1903. Among his noted works are: “Principles of Psychology,” “Classification of the Sciences,” “Education,” “Essays,” “The Study of Sociology,” “Data of Ethics,” “Principles of Sociology,” “Political Institutions,” etc.

Ulysses Simpson Grant, the greatest of American generals, and eighteenth President of the United States, was born at Point Pleasant, Ohio, April 27, 1822, and died at Mt. McGregor near Saratoga Springs, N. Y., July 23, 1885. His “Personal Memoirs,” won for him everlasting literary fame.

George Colman, the Elder, a celebrated English dramatist, was born in Florence, Italy, April 28, 1733, and died in London, August 14, 1794. Among his comedies are: “The Deuce Is in Him,” “New Brooms,” “Man and Wife,” “The Separate Maintenance.[Pg 102]”

John Arbuthnot, a famous Scottish humorist, was born near Arbuthnot Castle, Kincardineshire, Scotland, April 29, 1667, and died in London, February 27, 1735. His most celebrated work was, “The History of John Bull.”

Edward Rowland Sill, a distinguished American poet, was born in Windsor, Conn., April 29, 1841, and died in Cleveland, O., February 27, 1887. His poetical works include: “The Venus of Milo, and Other Poems,” “The Hermitage, and Other Poems,” and “Poems,” published after his death.

Sir John Lubbock, a renowned English naturalist and paleontologist, was born in London, April 30, 1834, and died in 1913. Among his many works are: “Prehistoric Times as Illustrated by Ancient Remains,” “The Origin of Civilization and the Primitive Condition of Man,” “Origin and Metamorphoses of Insects,” “Ants, Bees, and Wasps,” “On the Senses, Instincts and Intelligence of Animals,” “The Beauties of Nature and the Wonders of the World,” “Flowers, Fruits and Leaves,” “The Pleasures of Life,” “The Use of Life,” “The Scenery of Switzerland and the Causes to Which It Is Due,” “The Scenery of England,” “Essays and Ad[Pg 103]dresses,” “Free Trade,” “Notes on the Life History of the British Flowering Plants,” “Marriage, Totemism, and Religion,” “Peace and Happiness,” etc.

George John Douglas Campbell, eighth Duke of Argyll, a noted English philosophical, scientific, and political writer, and statesman, was born in Ardencaple, Castle Dumbartonshire, April 30, 1823, and died in 1900. Among his notable works are: “The Reign of Law,” “Primeval Man,” “Iona,” “The Eastern Question,” “The Unity of Nature,” “The Unseen Foundations of Society.”

[Pg 104]

FOOTNOTES:

[Pg 105]

MAY

[Pg 106]

[Pg 107]

MAY

Joseph Addison, a famous English essayist and poet, was born at Milston, Wiltshire, May 1, 1672, and died in London, June 17, 1719. He wrote 41 original papers in the “Tattler,” and 34 with Steele; 274 in the “Spectator,” 24 to a revived “Spectator,” and 2 to Steele’s “Lover.” His other works include: “Letters from Italy” (a poem), “The Campaign” (a poem), “Fair Rosamond” (an opera), “Remarks on Several Parts of Italy,” and “Cato” (a tragedy).

James Ford Rhodes, a distinguished American historian, was born in Cleveland, Ohio, May 1, 1848. He is best known by his noted work in two volumes, “History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850.” His other works include, “Historical Essays,” “Lectures on the American Civil War Delivered at Oxford,” “History of the Civil War,” “History of the United States from Hayes to McKinley,” etc.[Pg 108]

Novalis, the nom de plume of Friedrich Von Hardenburg, a noted German philosopher and mystic, was born in Saxony, May 2, 1772, and died, 1801. Among his writings are: “Hymns to the Night,” “Disciples at Sais,” and “Heinrich von Ofterdingen.”

John Gorham Palfrey, a distinguished American clergyman and author, was born in Boston, May 2, 1796, and died in Cambridge, Mass., April 26, 1881. He published numerous sermons, lectures, addresses, etc., but “The History of New England,” won for him world-wide fame.

Jerome K. Jerome, a famous English writer, was born at Walsall, May 2, 1861. Among his works are: “Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow,” “Three Men in a Boat,” “Novel Notes,” “John Ingerfield,” “Fennel,” “Ruth,” “Passing of the Third Floor Back,” “Esther Castways,” “Malvina of Brittany,” “All Roads Lead to Calvary,” etc.

Niccolo Machiavelli, a renowned Italian statesman and political and historical writer was born at Florence, May[Pg 109] 3, 1469, and died there, June 22, 1527. He wrote: “Mandragola,” “The Prince,” “Florentine History,” “Discourses,” “Art of War,” etc.

August Friedrich Ferdinand von Kotzebue, a famous German dramatist, was born at Weimar, May 3, 1761, and died at Mannheim, March 23, 1819. His best known works are: “The Spaniards in Peru,” “The Stranger,” “Misanthropy and Repentance,” “German Provincials,” “The Indians in England,” and his noted novel, “Sorrows of the Ortenberg Family.”

Edward Dowden, a distinguished Irish poet and historian of literature, was born at Cork, May 3, 1843, and died in 1913. He has written: “Life of Percy Bysshe Shelley,” “Primer of French Literature,” “Studies in Literature,” “Poems,” “Southey,” “Shakespeare, His Mind and Art,” “Introduction to Shakespeare,” “Wordsworth,” “New Studies in Literature,” “The French Revolution and English Literature,” “A History of French Literature,” “Robert Browning,” “Michel de Montaigne,” “Essays: Modern and Elizabethan,” “Poetical Works” (2 vols.). His “Letters” appeared in 1914.

William Hickling Prescott, a famous American historian, was born at Salem, Mass., May 4, 1796, and died[Pg 110] in New York, January 28, 1859. He wrote: “History of Ferdinand and Isabella,” “History of the Conquest of Mexico,” “History of the Conquest of Peru,” “Critical Essays,” “History of the Reign of Philip II of Spain,” etc.

Horace Mann, a noted American educator and educational writer was born in Franklin, Mass., May 4, 1796, and died in Yellow Springs, Ohio, August 2, 1859. He published: “A Few Thoughts for a Young Man,” “Slavery: Letters and Speeches,” “Powers and Duties of Woman,” etc.

Thomas Henry Huxley, a renowned English scientist, was born in Ealing, May 4, 1825, and died June 29, 1895. Among his famous works are: “Evidence as to Man’s Place in Nature,” “On the Educational Value of the Natural-History Sciences,” “Lectures on the Elements of Comparative Anatomy,” “Lessons in Elementary Physiology,” “On the Physical Basis of Life,” “Half Hours with Modern Scientists,” “American Addresses,” “An Introduction to the Classification of Animals,” “Science and Culture, and Other Essays,” etc., etc.

John William Draper, a famous physiologist, historical and miscellaneous prose-writer, was born near Liverpool, England, May 5, 1811, and died at Hastings-on-the-Hudson, N. Y., January 4, 1882. He has written: “Human Physiology,” “History of the Intellectual Development of[Pg 111] Europe,” “History of the American Civil War,” and his most celebrated work, “History of the Conflict Between Religion and Science.”

Joseph Joubert, an eminent French moralist and writer of aphorisms, was born in Montignac, Périgord, May 6, 1754, and died at Paris in 1824. Most of his epigrammatic work was published after his death, the titles of the volumes being, “Thoughts,” and “Thoughts, Essays, Maxims, and Correspondence.”

Elizabeth Drew (Barstow) Stoddard, a noted American novelist and poet, was born in Mattapoisett, Mass., May 6, 1823, and died in 1902. Among her works are: “Temple House,” “Two Men,” “The Morgesons,” and “Poems,” collected and published in 1895, etc.

Robert Browning, the renowned English poet, was born in Camberwell, May 7, 1812, and died in Venice, December 12, 1889. Among his poetical works are: “A Soul’s Tragedy,” “The Return of the Druses,” “Colombe’s Birth[Pg 112]day,” “Strafford,” “Pauline,” “Christmas Eve and Easter Day,” “Fifine at the Fair,” “Men and Women,” “King Victor and King Charles,” “Jocoseria,” “Red-Cotton Nightcap Country,” “Dramatic Idylls,” “Pippa Passes,” etc.

Alain René Le Sage, a famous French novelist and dramatist, was born at Sarzeau, near Cannes, May 8, 1668, and died at Boulogne-sur-Mer, November 17, 1747. His greatest works were: “The Bachelor of Salamanca,” “Gil Blas,” “The Life and Adventures of M. de Beauchène,” “The Devil on Two Sticks,” and two well-known comedies, “Crispin His Master’s Rival,” and “Turcaret.”

Jean Charles Léonard Simon de Sismondi, an illustrious Swiss historian, was born at Geneva, May 9, 1773, and died there, June 25, 1842. His most noted works are: “History of the Italian Republics in the Middle Ages,” “History of the New Birth of Liberty in Italy,” “History of the Fall of the Roman Empire,” “History of the French,” “Julia Severa: or, the Year 492,” and “Literature of the South of Europe.”

James Matthew Barrie, a noted Scottish author, was born in Kirriemuir, Forfarshire, May 9, 1860. He has written: “When a Man’s Single,” “Better Dead,” “Auld Licht Idylls,” “A Window in Thrums,” “My Lady Nicotine,” “Sentimental Tommy,” “Margaret Ogilvy,” “The Little Minister,” “Tommy and Grizel,” “The Little White Bird,[Pg 113]” “Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens,” “Peter and Wendy,” Dramatic works are: “The Professor’s Love Story,” “The Wedding Guest,” “Little Mary,” “Peter Pan,” “Alice-Sit-by-the-Fire,” “What Every Woman Knows,” “The Legend of Leonora,” “The Will,” “The Adored One,” “Half an Hour,” “Der Tag,” “Rosy Rapture,” “A Kiss for Cinderella,” “Seven Women,” “Dear Brutus,” “Echoes of the War,” etc.

James Bryce, a noted British statesman, diplomat, and historian, was born in Belfast, May 10, 1838, and died Jan. 22, 1922. His most important works are: “The Holy Roman Empire” and “The American Commonwealth.”

Thomas Noel, a noted English poet, was born May 11, 1799, and died in 1861. Among his volumes of verse are: “Rhymes and Roundelayes,” etc.

Charles Joseph, Prince de Ligne, a distinguished Belgian soldier and miscellaneous writer, was born at Brussels, May 12, 1735, and died December 13, 1814. He wrote: “Military, Literary and Sentimental Miscellanies,” “Life of Prince Eugene of Savoy,” etc.[Pg 114]

Giuseppi Giusti, a notable Italian poet and political satirist, was born in Monsummano, May 12, 1809, and died in Florence, March 31, 1850. His first masterpiece was the poem “Dies Iræ,” other pieces are: “The Boot,” “The Crowned,” “The Investiture of a Knight,” and the satires written from 1847 to 1849.

Dante Gabriel Rossetti, the renowned English painter and poet, was born in London, May 12, 1828, and died at Birchington, Kent, April 9, 1882. Among his poetical works are: “Blessed Damozel,” “Sister Helen,” “The White Ship,” “The House of Life,” “The King’s Tragedy,” “Hand and Soul,” and “Rose Mary.” Also: translations of “Early Italian Poets.”

George Edward Woodberry, a famous American poet and miscellaneous writer, was born at Beverly, Mass., May 12, 1855. He has written: “The North Shore Watch, and Other Poems,” “History of Wood Engraving,” “Life of Edgar Allan Poe,” “The Flight and Other Poems,[Pg 115]” “North Africa and the Desert,” “Shakespeare: An Address,” “Great Writers,” “Poems,” “The Inspiration of Poetry,” “Wendell Phillips,” “Two Phases of Criticism,” “Ideal Passion” (sonnets).

John Sullivan Dwight, a noted American musical critic, was born at Boston, May 13, 1813, and died September 5, 1893. His noted poem is, “God Save the State.”

Alphonse Daudet, a distinguished French novelist, was born at Nîmes, May 13, 1840, and died December 16, 1897. He wrote: “The Little Thing: Story of a Child,” “Letters from My Mill,” “Monday Tales,” “Fromont, Jr. and Risler, Sr.,” “The Nabob,” “Kings in Exile,” “Numa Roumestan,” “The Gospeller,” “Sappho,” “Tartarin,” “Prodigious Adventures of Tartarin,” “Tartarin in the Alps,” “Port Tarascon,” “Thirty Years of Paris,” “Recollections of a Man of Letters,” etc.

Timothy Dwight, a celebrated American Congregational clergyman, was born in Northampton, Mass., May 14, 1752, and died in New Haven, Conn., January 11, 1817. He wrote: “Observations on Language,” “Essay on[Pg 116] Light,” “Greenfield Hill” “Travels in New England and New York,” “Theology Explained and Defended,” etc.

Sir Thomas Henry Hall Caine, an eminent English novelist, was born at Runcorn, Cheshire, May 14, 1853. His most noted works are: “The Deemster,” “A Son of Hagar,” “Recollections of Rossetti,” “The Scapegoat,” “The Shadow of a Crime,” “The Manxman,” “The Christian,” “The White Prophet,” “The Prodigal Son,” “The Woman Thou Gavest Me,” etc. Also: “The Drama of 365 Days,” “Scenes in the Great War,” “Britain’s Daughters,” etc.

Samuel Laman Blanchard, a noted British author and journalist, was born May 15, 1804, and died February 15, 1845. He published “Lyric Offerings,” etc.; and edited numerous magazine journals.

Honoré de Balzac, the greatest of French novelists, was born in Tours, May 16, 1799, and died in Paris, August 18, 1850. He wrote in all about 97 celebrated novels. Among them: “Le Vieille Fille,” “Contrat De Marriage,” “Le Colonel Chabert,” “Les Chouans,” “Pierrette,[Pg 117]” “Seraphita,” “Les Employés,” “Modeste Mignon,” “Histoire Des Treize,” “Début Dans La Vie,” “Ursule Mirouet,” “Eugène Grandet,” “Cousin Pons,” “Le Père Goriot,” “Les Paysans,” “Cousine Bette,” etc., etc.

René François Armand Sully-Prudhomme, a famous French poet, was born at Paris, May 16, 1839, and died in 1907. He has written: “The Broken Vase,” “Stanzas and Poems,” “The Stables of Augeas,” “The Wildernesses,” “Revolt of the Flowers,” “Reflections on the Art of Versification,” etc.

Isaac Disraeli, a distinguished English literary essayist, compiler and historian, was born at Enfield in Middlesex, May 17, 1766, and died January 9, 1848. Among his writings are: “Curiosities of Literature,” “Calamities of Authors,” “Quarrels of Authors,” “Miscellanies, or Literary Recollections,” etc. Also: “Commentaries on the Life and Reign of Charles I.”

John Wilson (Christopher North), a noted Scottish writer, was born May 18, 1785, at Paisley, and died April 3, 1854. Among his works are: “The Isle of Palms,” “The City of the Plague,” “Lights and Shadows of Scottish Life,” “The Trials of Margaret Lindsay,” “The Foresters,” etc.[Pg 118]

Johann Gottlieb Fichte, a renowned German philosopher, was born at Rammenau in Upper Lusatia, May 19, 1762, and died at Berlin, January 27, 1814. Among his works are: “Foundations of the Whole Doctrine of Science,” “Introduction to the Doctrine of Science,” “The Doctrine of Science,” “System of Moral Doctrine,” “Man’s Destiny,” and his celebrated treatise, “Essay Toward a Critique of All Revelation.”

John Stuart Mill, a famous English philosophical writer, logician, and political economist, was born in London, May 20, 1806, and died at Avignon, France, May 8, 1873. Among the most important of his works are: “Essay on Liberty,” “Logic,” “Political Economy,” “On the Subjection of Women,” “Examination of Sir William Hamilton’s Philosophy,” “Auguste Comte and Positivism,” and “Utilitarianism.” His “Autobiography” appeared in 1873.

Alfred Domett, a noted British statesman and poet, was born at Camberwell Grove, Surrey, May 20, 1811, and[Pg 119] died in 1887. The best known of his works are: “Ranolf and Amohia, a South Sea Day Dream,” and “Flotsam and Jetsam: Rhymes Old and New.”

Alexander Pope, the renowned English poet, was born at London, May 21, 1688, and died at Twickenham on the Thames, May 30, 1744. His most famous works are: “Homer’s Odyssey,” “The Iliad of Homer,” translated, “Epistles from Eloisa to Abelard,” “The Rape of the Lock,” “The Temple of Fame,” “Essay on Criticism,” “The Dunciad,” “Imitations of Horace,” “Essay on Man,” etc.

Joseph Fouché (Duke of Otranto), a celebrated French statesman, was born May 21, 1759, and died in 1820. A few of his famous political pamphlets and reports are: “Réflexions sur le jugement de Louis Cofret,” “Réflexions sur l’éducation publique,” “Rapport et project de loi relatif aux Collèges,” etc.

John Hookham Frere, a noted English poet, translator, and diplomatist, was born in London, May 21, 1769, and died in Malta, January 7, 1846. He produced: the “Prospectus and Specimen of an Intended National Work... Relating to King Arthur and his Round Table,” known as[Pg 120] “The Monks and the Giants”; a literary burlesque, and numerous translations.

James Sheridan Knowles, a famous Irish actor, lecturer and dramatist, was born at Cork, May 21, 1784, and died at Torquay, England, November 30, 1862. Among his dramas are: “Caius Gracchus,” “William Tell,” “Alfred the Great,” “The Wife: a Tale of Mantua,” “The Rose of Aragon,” and his three masterpieces, “Virginius,” “The Hunchback,” and “The Love Chase.”

Richard Grant White, an eminent American journalist, critic, and Shakespearean scholar, was born in New York City, May 22, 1822, and died there, April 8, 1885. Among his books are: “National Hymns: A Lyrical and National Study for the Times,” “Memoirs of the Life of William Shakespeare, with an Essay Towards the Expression of His Genius,” “Poetry of the Civil War,” “Words and Their Uses,” “England Without and Within,” etc.

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, a renowned Scotch story and romance writer, was born in Edinburgh, May 22, 1859.[Pg 121] His works include: “A Study in Scarlet,” “The Sign of the Four,” “The White Company,” “The Great Shadow,” “Adventures of Sherlock Holmes,” “The Hound of the Baskervilles,” “Adventures of Gerard,” “Return of Sherlock Holmes,” “Sir Nigel,” “Through the Magic Door,” “The Fires of Fate,” “The Crime of the Congo,” “The Lost World,” “The Case of Oscar Slater,” “The Valley of Fear,” “A Visit to Three Fronts,” “His Last Bow,” etc.

Thomas Hood, the great English poet, was born in London, May 23, 1799, and died there May 3, 1845. Among his poetical works are: “The Haunted House,” “Whims and Oddities,” “The Plea of the Midsummer Fairies,” and “The Hostler’s Lament,” “The Bridge of Sighs,” and “The Song of the Shirt.”

Sarah Margaret Fuller, Marchioness d’Ossoli, best known as “Margaret Fuller,” was born at Cambridgeport, Mass., May 23, 1810, and died in 1850. She wrote: “Art, Literature, and Drama,” “At Home and Abroad,” “Life Without and Life Within,” and a collection of essays on “Women in the Nineteenth Century.[Pg 122]”

William Whewell, a noted English philosopher and scientist, was born at Lancaster, May 24, 1794, and died at Cambridge, March 6, 1866. Among his works are: “History of the Inductive Sciences,” “Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences,” “Lectures on Political Economy,” “Elements of Morality,” etc.

Maurice Francis Egan, a distinguished man of letters, was born in Philadelphia, May 24, 1852 and died in 1923. His works include: “That Girl of Mine,” “That Lover of Mine,” “A Garden of Roses,” “Stories of Duty,” “The Life Around Us,” “Lectures on English Literature,” “A Primer of English Literature,” “A Gentleman,” “The Flower of the Flock,” “Preludes” (poetry), “Songs and Sonnets,” “Everybody’s St. Francis.”

Edward Bulwer-lytton, Lord Lytton, the renowned English novelist, poet and dramatist, was born in London, May 25, 1803, and died in Torquay, January 18, 1873. Among his famous novels are: “Eugene Aram,” “Pelham,” “Last Days of Pompeii,” “Pilgrims of the Rhine,” “Last of the Barons,” “Ernest Maltravers,” “A Strange Story,” “Rienzi,” “Devereux,” “Falkland,” “Harold,” “The Coming Race,” “The Caxtons,” and three noted[Pg 123] dramas, “Money,” “Richelieu,” and “The Lady of Lyons.”

Ralph Waldo Emerson, the famous American philosopher, essayist and poet, was born in Boston, May 25, 1803, and died at Concord, Mass., April 27, 1882. He wrote: “The American Scholar,” “Man the Reformer,” “Nature,” “The Young American,” “The Conduct of Life,” “Letters and Social Aims,” “Tribute to Walter Scott,” “Society and Solitude,” “Representative Men,” “Miscellanies,” “Essays,” “Poems,” “May Day and Other Pieces,” etc.

Mary Wortley, Lady Montagu, a celebrated English letter-writer, was born at Thoresby, Notts, May 26, 1689, and died in England, August 21, 1762. Her “Letters” won for her great literary fame.

Julia Ward Howe, a famous American poet, essayist, lecturer, biographer, and writer of travels, was born in New York, May 27, 1819, and died in 1910. Among her[Pg 124] works are: “Life of Margaret Fuller,” “Trip to Cuba,” “Sex and Education,” “The World’s Own,” “Later Lyrics,” “From the Oak to the Olive,” and her celebrated “Battle Hymn of the Republic.”

Enoch Arnold Bennett, a famous English author and journalist, was born at North Staffordshire, May 27, 1867. Among his many works are: “The Truth About an Author,” “A Great Man,” “The Old Wives’ Tale,” “The Regent,” “The Price of Love,” “Over There,” “War Scenes on the Western Front,” “Books and Persons,” “The Pretty Lady,” “The Roll Call,” “Things That Have Interested Me.” Among his plays are: “Milestones” (with Edward Knoblauch), “The Great Adventure,” “The Title,” “Judith,” “Sacred and Profane Love.”

John Kendrick Bangs, a noted American humorist and novelist, was born May 27, 1862, and died January 21, 1922. Among his publications are “Coffee and Repartee,” “Mr. Bonaparte of Corsica,” “Water Ghost and Other Stories,” “A Houseboat on the Styx,” “A Rebellious Heroine,” “The Pursuit of the Houseboat,” “Olympian Nights,” “Over the Plum Pudding,” “Mollie and the Unwise Man,” “The Inventions of the Idiot,” “Songs of Cheer,” “Little Book of Christmas,” “Line o’ Cheer for Each Day of the Year,” “The Foothills of Parnassas,” “From Pillar to Post,” “Half-Hours with the Idiot.[Pg 125]”

Thomas Moore, one of the greatest of Irish poets, was born at Dublin, May 28, 1779, and died near Devizes, February 25, 1852. His most famous works were: “Irish Melodies,” “Loves of the Angels,” “Odes and Epistles,” “The Twopenny Post Bag,” “History of Ireland,” “The Epicurean,” and “Lalla Rookh,” his most famous work.

Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz, a renowned Swiss naturalist, was born at Motier, Switzerland, May 28, 1807, and died at Cambridge, Mass., December 14, 1873. He published: “Studies of Glaciers,” “Principles of Zoölogy,” “The Structure of Animal Life,” “Scientific Results of a Journey in Brazil,” etc.

Patrick Henry, an illustrious American orator, was born at Studley, Va., May 29, 1736, and died at Red Hill, Va., June 6, 1799. His numerous speeches may be found in a (3 vols.) book, entitled “Life,” by William Wirt Henry.[Pg 126]

Frederick Locker-Lampson, a noted English poet, was born at Greenwich, May 29, 1821, and died in 1895. His fame rests principally upon his “Society Verses.”

(Thomas) Gerald Massey, a celebrated English poet, was born near Tring, Hertfordshire, May 29, 1828, and died October 29, 1907. He published “Voices of Freedom and Lyrics of Love,” “The Ballad of Babe Cristabel,” “War Waits,” and “A Tale of Eternity.” He collected the best of these volumes into a two-volume edition of poems called “My Lyrical Life.” He also wrote: “The Book of the Beginnings,” “The Natural Genesis,” and his most important work, “Ancient Egypt: The Light of the World.”

Gilbert Keith Chesterton, a famous English author was born in London, May 29, 1874. He has published: “Robert Browning,” “Charles Dickens,” “George Bernard Shaw,” “What’s Wrong with the World?” “The Victorian Age in Literature,” “The Wisdom of Father Brown,” “Poems,” “A Shilling for My Thoughts,” “A Short History of England,” “Irish Impressions,” “The Superstition of Divorce,” etc.[Pg 127]

Alfred Austin, a noted English poet, critic and journalist, was born at Headingly, near Leeds, May 30, 1835, and died in 1913. He was appointed poet laureate of England in 1896. Among his writings are: “The Golden Age: A Satire,” “The Tower of Babel,” “The Human Tragedy,” “Veronica’s Garden,” etc.

Johann Ludwig Tieck, a celebrated German poet and miscellaneous writer, was born in Berlin, May 31, 1773, and died there, April 28, 1853. Among his works may be mentioned: “William Lovell,” “Ostrich Plumes,” “Abdallah,” “Peter Lebrecht: A Story Without Adventures,” “Prince Zerbino,” “Romantic Fancies,” “Life and Death of St. Genevieve,” “Love Songs of the Suabian Past,” “Old English Dramatists,” “The Tourists,” “The Old Man of the Mountain,” “Society in the Country,” “Dramatic Pages,” “The Betrothal,” “Musical Joys and Sorrows,” etc.

Walt Whitman, a renowned American poet, was born at West Hills, L. I., May 31, 1819, and died at Camden,[Pg 128] N. J., March 26, 1892. He wrote: “Leaves of Grass,” “As a Strong Bird on Pinions Free, and Other Poems,” “Two Rivulets” “November Boughs,” “Memoranda During the War,” “Drum Taps,” “Passage to India,” etc.

James Jeffrey Roche, a noted American author, was born in Queen’s County, Ireland, May 31, 1847, and died in 1908. He has written: “Songs and Satires,” “Ballads of Blue Water,” “Life of John Boyle O’Reilly,” “His Majesty the King; A Romance of the Harem,” etc.[Pg 129]

FOOTNOTES:

JUNE

[Pg 130]

[Pg 131]

JUNE

Henry Francis Lyte, a distinguished British clergyman and poet, was born at Kelso, Scotland, June 1, 1793, and died at Nice, France, November 20, 1847. He has written: “The Spirit of the Psalms,” and some well-known hymns, among them, “Abide with Me,” “Jesus, I My Cross Have Taken,” “Praise, My Soul,” “The King of Heaven,” etc.

Grace Aguilar, a celebrated English novelist, was born at Hackney, June 2, 1816, and died at Frankfort-on-the-Main, September 16, 1847. She wrote: “The Spirit of Judaism,” “Women of Israel,” “Home Influence,” “The Days of Bruce,” “The Vale of Cedars,” etc.

John G. Saxe, a noted American humorous poet, was born in Highgate, Vt., June 2, 1816, and died in Albany, N. Y., March 31, 1887. His most popular poems include: “Rhyme of the Rail,” and “The Proud Miss McBride.[Pg 132]”

Thomas Hardy, the renowned English novelist, was born in Dorsetshire, June 2, 1840. Among his noted works are: “Desperate Remedies,” “Under the Greenwood Tree,” “A Pair of Blue Eyes,” “Far from the Madding Crowd” (Cornhill), “The Hand of Ethelberta,” “The Return of the Native,” “The Trumpet Major,” “A Laodicean,” “Two on a Tower,” “The Mayor of Casterbridge,” “The Woodlanders,” “Tess of the D’Urbervilles,” “Jude the Obscure,” “The Well Beloved,” “Wessex Tales,” “A Group of Noble Dames,” “Life’s Little Ironies,” “A Changed Man, The Waiting Supper and Other Tales,” “Wessex Poems,” “Poems of the Past and the Present,” “The Dynasts” Pt. 1, 2, 3 (1903, 1906, 1908), “Time’s Laughing Stocks,” “Satires of Circumstance,” “Moments of Vision and Miscellaneous Verses,” “Complete Poetical Works.”

Sydney Smith, the famous English wit, essayist and clergyman, was born at Woodford, Essex, June 3, 1771, and died in London, February 22, 1845. Among his publications are: “Three Letters to Archdeacon Singleton on the Ecclesiastical Commission,” “Letters,” “Papers,” “Peter Plymley’s Letters,” etc.

Norman Macleod, a distinguished Scottish divine and miscellaneous writer, was born at Campbeltown, June 3,[Pg 133] 1812, and died at Glasgow, June 16, 1872. Among his writings are: “Peeps at the Far East,” “Wee Davie,” “The Earnest Student,” “Character Sketches,” “Parish Papers,” and “The Starling.”

Paul Scarron, a noted French poet, novelist, and dramatist, was born at Paris, June 4, 1610, and died there October 14, 1660. His works include: “The Ridiculous Heir,” “Jodelet,” “Don Japhet of Armenia,” “The Scholar of Salamanca,” and his best known work the “Comic Romance.” His travesty of the Æneid (1648-53) was considered a masterpiece of its kind.

Adam Smith, a celebrated Scotch political economist, was born at Kirkcaldy, June 5, 1723, and died at Edinburgh, July 17, 1790. Among his works may be mentioned: “Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations,” “Theory of Moral Sentiments,” and “Origin of Languages.”

Pierre Corneille, the illustrious French dramatist, was born at Rouen, June 6, 1606, and died in Paris, September 30, 1684. He wrote: “The Gallery of the Palace,” “The[Pg 134] Lady’s Maid,” “Mélite,” “The Widow,” “The Palais Royal,” “Medea,” “The Dramatic Illusion,” “Pompey,” “The Liar,” “The Sequel to the Liar,” “Cinna,” “Horace,” “Théodore,” “Polyeucte,” “Don Sancho,” “The Golden Fleece,” “The Cid,” etc., etc.

Ambrose Bierce, a noted American author and journalist, was born in Ohio, June 6, 1842, disappeared in 1913. His best known works are: “In the Midst of Life,” “Shapes of Clay,” and “Can Such Things Be?” His “Collected Works,” in 12 volumes, were published 1909-1912.

Amelia Blandford Edwards, a celebrated English novelist and Egyptologist, was born in London, June 7, 1831, and died April 15, 1892. She has published: “My Brother’s Wife,” “Hand and Glove,” “In the Days of My Youth,” “A Thousand Miles up the Nile,” etc.

Charles Reade, a renowned English novelist, was born at Ipsden, June 8, 1814, and died April 11, 1884. Among his numerous productions are: “Peg Woffington,” “It’s Never Too Late to Mend,” “The Course of True Love[Pg 135] Never Did Run Smooth,” “The Double Marriage; or White Lies,” “Hard Cash,” “The Cloister and the Hearth,” “Foul Play,” “Put Yourself in His Place,” “A Terrible Temptation,” “A Simpleton,” “A Woman Hater,” etc. His plays include: “Gold,” “Masks and Faces,” “The Courier of Lyons,” “Two Loves and a Life,” “The King’s Rivals,” etc.

John Howard Payne, an American dramatist and author, was born in New York City, June 9, 1792, and died in Tunis, Africa, April 10, 1852. His fame rests upon the celebrated lyric “Home, Sweet Home,” introduced in his drama, the “Maid of Milan.” His other plays are “Brutus,” “Virginius,” and “Charles II.”

Sir Richard Doddridge Blackmore, a renowned English novelist, was born in Longworth, Berkshire, June 9, 1825, and died January 22, 1900. Some of his well-known novels are: “The Maid of Sker,” “Cripps the Carrier,” “Clara Vaughan,” “Sir Thomas Upmore,” “Alice Lorraine,” “Christowell,” “Spring-haven,” “Erema,” “Mary Anerley,” and his most celebrated novel, “Lorna Doone.[Pg 136]”

Francis Miles Finch, a noted American poet and judge, was born in Ithaca, N. Y., June 9, 1827, and died in 1907. He is the author of the well-known lyrics, “Nathan Hale,” and “The Blue and the Gray.”

Lady Anne Isabelle (Thackeray) Ritchie, a distinguished English miscellaneous writer, was born in London, June 9, 1838, and died in 1919. She has written: “Old Kensington,” “Toilers and Spinsters,” “Miss Angel,” “Bluebeard’s Keys,” “Mme. de Sévigné,” “Lord Tennyson and his Friends,” “Records of Tennyson, Ruskin, and Browning,” etc.

Sir Edwin Arnold, the famous English poet and journalist, was born in Rochester, June 10, 1832, and died in 1904. His greatest works are: “Indian Idylls,” “Pearls of the Faith,” “The Light of the World,” “Japonica,” “The Tenth Muse and Other Poems,” “Sa’di in the Gar[Pg 137]den,” and his most famous work: “The Light of Asia, a Poetic Presentation of the Life and Teaching of Gautama.”

George Wither, a celebrated English poet and soldier, was born at Brentworth, June 11, 1588, and died in London, May 2, 1667. Among his writings are: “Fidelia,” “The Shepherd’s Hunting,” “Hymns and Songs of the Church,” “The Motto,” “Abuses Stript and Whipt,” and his best-known song, “Shall I, Wasting in Despair.”

James Ballantine, a noted Scotch poet, was born in Edinburgh, on June 11, 1808, and died December 18, 1877. His poetical works include: “The Gaberlunzie’s Wallet,” “One Hundred Songs,” etc.

Mrs. Humphry Ward (Mary Augusta Arnold), a famous English novelist, was born at Hobart Town, Tasmania,[Pg 138] June 11, 1851, and died in 1920. She has written: “Milly and Ollie,” “Miss Bretherton,” “Robert Elsmere,” “The History of David Grieve,” “Marcella,” “The Story of Bessie Costrell,” “Sir George Tressady,” “Eleanor,” “Lady Rose’s Daughter,” “The Marriage of William Ashe,” “Fenwick’s Career,” “Diana Mallory,” “Daphne,” “Canadian Born,” “England’s Effort,” “Towards the Goal,” “Missing,” etc.

Harriet Martineau, a notable English reformer and miscellaneous writer, was born at Norwich, June 12, 1802, and died at Ambleside, June 27, 1876. Among her most noted works are: “Society in America,” “Deerbrook,” “History of England During the Thirty Years’ Peace,” “Philosophy of Comte,” “British Rule in India,” “Biographical Sketches,” etc.

Frances Burney—Madame D’Arblay, a celebrated English novelist, was born in King’s Lynn, Norfolk, June 13, 1752, and died in Bath, January 6, 1840. Among her noted works are: “Evelina, or a Young Lady’s Entrance into the World,” “Cecilia,” “Camilla,” and “The Wanderer, or Female Difficulties.[Pg 139]”

Charles Kingsley, the distinguished English novelist, poet, and philanthropist, was born at Holne, near Dartmoor, Devonshire, June 13, 1819, and died at Eversley, Hampshire, January 23, 1875. He wrote many novels, among them: “Hypatia,” “The Saint’s Tragedy,” (a drama in verse), “Alton Locke, Tailor and Poet,” “Westward, Ho!” “Yeast,” “The Water Babies,” (a fairy tale). Also “Lectures Delivered in America,” “Poems,” “Andromeda and Other Poems,” etc.

William Butler Yeats, a famous Irish poet and writer of romance, was born in Dublin, June 13, 1865. He has written: “The Wanderings of Oisin,” “Celtic Twilight,” “Poems,” “The Secret Rose,” “Irish Folk Lore,” “Fairy Tales,” “Irish Stories,” “The Wind Among the Reeds,” “The Countess Kathleen,” “The Shadowy Waters,” “Ideas of Good and Evil,” “In the Seven Woods,” “Hour Glass and Other Plays,” “The King’s Threshold,” “Deirdre,” “The Green Helmet and Other Poems,” “Plays for an Irish Theatre,” etc.

Harriet Beecher Stowe, a renowned American novelist, was born at Litchfield, Conn., June 14, 1811, and died at[Pg 140] Hartford, Conn., July 1, 1896. Among her numerous works are: “Sunny Memories of Foreign Lands,” “First Geography for Children,” “The Minister’s Wooing,” “Religious Poems,” “Agnes of Sorrento,” “Men of Our Times,” “Earthly Care a Heavenly Discipline,” “House and Home Papers,” “Palmetto Leaves,” “The Ravages of a Carpet,” “The Chimney Corner,” “Little Foxes,” “Lives and Deeds of Our Self-Made Men,” etc., etc. Also her famous works: “Uncle Tom’s Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly,” “Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin,” and “Uncle Tom’s Emancipation.”

Thomas Randolph, a noted English poet and dramatist, was born near Daventry in Northamptonshire, and was baptized June 15, 1605, and died in 1635. Among his plays are: “The Jealous Lovers,” “The Muses’ Looking-Glasse,” etc.

Isaac Barrow, a distinguished English theologian, classical scholar and mathematician, was born at London, June 16, 1630, and died at London, April, 1677. The best edition of his theological works is that of Rev. A. Napier (1859).

John Wesley, a celebrated English divine and writer, was born at Epworth, June 17, 1703, and died March 2, 1791. He wrote: “Doctrine of Original Sin,” “Explanatory Notes on the New Testament,” “Preservative Against[Pg 141] Unsettled Notions in Religion,” “A Calm Address to Our American Colonies,” “Survey of the Wisdom of God in Creation,” “Notes on the Old and New Testaments,” etc.

Mrs. Frances Sargent (Locke) Osgood, a well-known American poet, was born in Boston, June 18, 1811, and died in Hingham, Mass., May 12, 1850. She published: “Wreath of Wild Flowers,” “Poetry of Flowers,” “Poems,” etc.

McDonald Clarke, a noted American poet, was born in Bath, Maine, June 18, 1778, and died in New York, March 5, 1842. His works include: “Poetic Sketches,” “The Belles of Broadway,” etc.

Thomas Fuller, a famous English divine and historian, was baptized on June 19, 1608, and died in 1661. Among his famous works are: “David’s Heinous Sin,” “History of the Holy War,” “Church History of Britain,” etc. “The Worthies of England,” is the work for which he is now esteemed.

Blaise Pascal, a renowned French philosopher and mathematician, was born at Clermont Ferrand, in Auvergne,[Pg 142] June 19, 1623, and died at Paris, August 19, 1662. His writings include: “Letters Written by Louis Montalte to a Friend in the Provinces,” more widely known as the “Provincial Letters,” and his “Thoughts on Religion” (Pensées), which was published after his death.

Anna Lætitia Barbauld, a celebrated English poet and essayist, was born in Kibworth-Harcourt, Leicestershire, June 20, 1743, and died in Stoke Newington, March 9, 1825. She wrote: “Early Lessons for Children,” “Devotional Pieces,” “Hymns in Prose for Children,” “Eighteen Hundred and Eleven,” etc.

Mrs. Celia (Leighton) Thaxter, a famous American poet, was born at Portsmouth, N. H., June 20, 1836, and died in 1894. She has written: “Poems for Children,” “Idyls and Pastorals,” “Poems,” “Drift-Weed,” “The Yule Log,” “Letters,” “An Island Garden,” “Among the Isles of Shoals,” “Stories and Poems for Children,” etc.

William Edmonstoune Aytoun, a noted Scottish humorist, was born in Edinburgh, June 21, 1813, and died at Blackhills, near Elgin, August 4, 1865. He wrote: “Ballads of Scotland,” and his most famous work, “Lays of the[Pg 143] Scottish Cavaliers.” With Theodore Martin he wrote the celebrated “Bon Gaultier Ballads.”

William Stubbs, a noted English historical writer, was born at Knaresborough, June 21, 1825, and died April 22, 1901. His most famous work is: “The Constitutional History of England.” He also published: “Lectures on Mediæval and Modern History.”

Richard Hildreth, a renowned American historian, was born in Deerfield, Mass., June 22, 1807, and died in Florence, Italy, July 11, 1865. Among his works are: “History of Banks,” “Theory of Morals,” “Theory of Politics,” and his most noted work, “History of the United States.”

Sir Henry Rider Haggard, a celebrated English novelist was born in Norfolk, June 22, 1856. Among his numerous works are: “Cetewayo and His White Neighbors,” “Dawn,” “The Witch’s Head,” “King Solomon’s[Pg 144] Mines,” “She,” “Jess,” “Allan Quatermain,” “Cleopatra,” “Allan’s Wife,” “Beatrice,” “Nada, the Lily,” “The People of the Mist,” “Heart of the World,” “Joan Haste,” “Rural England,” “Pearl Maiden,” “The Way of the Spirit,” “Benita,” “Fair Margaret,” “The Yellow God,” “Regeneration,” “Red Eve,” “Marie,” “Child of Storm,” “The Holy Flower,” “The Ivory Child,” “Love Eternal,” “Moon of Israel,” “When the World Shook,” etc.

Alan Seeger, a noted American poet, was born in New York City, June 22, 1888, and was killed on the field of Belloy en Santene, France, July 4, 1916. He will always be remembered for his famous poem, “I Have a Rendezvous with Death.”

Lucy Larcom, a noted American poet, was born at Beverly, Mass., June 23 (?), 1826, and died in Boston in 1893. Her works include: “Poems,” “An Idyl of Work, a Story in Verse,” “As It Is in Heaven,” and “The Unseen Friend.[Pg 145]”

Sir Lewis Morris, a distinguished British poet, was born at Penbryn, June 23, 1833, and died November 13, 1907. His poetical works include: “Songs of Two Worlds,” “The Epic of Hades” (his best-known work) “Songs Unsung,” “A Vision of Saints,” “The Ode of Life,” “Idylls and Lyrics,” “The New Rambler,” and “Gwen.”

Jean Baptiste Massillon, a renowned French preacher, was born at Hyères, June 24, 1663, and died at Clermont, September 18, 1742. His sermons have been translated into English, also the funeral oration on Louis XIV. (London, 1872.)

John B. O’Keefe, a famous Irish dramatist, was born in Dublin, June 24, 1747, and died at Southampton, February 4, 1833. Among his plays are: “The Young Quaker,” “The Poor Soldier,” “Peeping Tom,” “Wild Oats,” “The Castle of Andalusia,” “Sprigs of Laurel,” etc.

Silvio Pellico, an illustrious Italian poet, was born at Saluzzo, in Piedmont, June 24, 1788, and died at Turin,[Pg 146] January 31, 1854. Among his tragedies are: “Iginia of Asti,” “Ester of Engaddi,” “Leonerio of Dertonia,” “Laodicea,” “Eufemio of Messina,” “Gismonda da Mendrisio,” “Thomas More,” “Herodias,” and “Francesca da Rimini,” his most celebrated tragedy.

Henry Ward Beecher, a distinguished American clergyman, was born in Litchfield, Conn., June 24, 1813, and died in Brooklyn, New York, March 8, 1887. He wrote: “Freedom and War,” “Norwood, or Village Life in New England,” “Eyes and Ears,” “Star Papers: or Experiences of Art and Nature,” etc. His “Sermons” were edited by Dr. Lyman Abbott in 1868.

William Paley, a noted English divine and philosopher, was born at Peterborough, June 25 (?), 1743, and died May 25, 1805. He published his lectures, revised and enlarged under the title of “The Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy”; also “Deity Collected from the Appearances of Nature.”

John Horne Tooke, a celebrated English political writer and grammarian, was born at Westminster, June 25, 1736, and died at Wimbledon, March 18, 1812. His principal work was: “Epea Pteroenta (Winged Words); or The Diversions of Purley.[Pg 147]”

Philip Doddridge, a distinguished English non-conformist divine, was born in London, June 26, 1702, and died in Lisbon, Portugal, October 26, 1751. Among his works are: “The Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul,” “The Family Expositor,” and “Evidences of Christianity.”

Lafcadio Hearn, a noted American journalist and miscellaneous writer, was born at Santa Maura, Ionian Islands, June 27, 1850, and died September 26, 1904. He has written: “Two Years in the French West Indies,” “Youma,” “Some Chinese Ghosts,” “Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan,” “Gleanings in Buddha-fields,” “Out of the East,” “Kokoro,” “Exotics and Retrospectives,” “Shadowings,” “A Japanese Miscellany,” “Kotto,” “Japanese Fairy Tales,” “Kwaidan,” etc.

Jean Jacques Rousseau, the renowned French writer, was born in Geneva, June 28, 1712, and died at Ermenonville near Paris, July 2, 1778. Among his numerous works may be mentioned: “A Project of Perpetual Peace,” “To the Archbishop of Paris,” “Letters from the Mountain,” “Consolations of My Life,” “Memoir on the Shape of the Earth,” “The Village Soothsayer,” “Letter on French Music,” “On Political Economy,” “Letters to Voltaire,[Pg 148]” “Narcissus,” “The Social Contract,” “Letters on His Exile,” and his famous, “Confessions.”

Joseph Mazzini, a famous Italian patriot, was born at Genoa, June 28 (?), 1805, and died at Pisa, March 10, 1872. “Complete Works” (18 vols.), 1861-91. His “Memoirs” were published in 1875.

Frederick William Faber, a distinguished English hymn-writer, was born in Calverley, Yorkshire, June 28, 1814, and died at the Oratory, Brompton, September 26, 1863. His collection of “Hymns” appeared in 1848.

John Boyle O’Reilly, a celebrated Irish-American poet and prose-writer, was born near Drogheda, Ireland, June 28, 1844, and died at Hull, Mass., August 10, 1890. He wrote: “Songs of the Southern Seas,” “Moondyne,” etc.

Thomas Dunn English, a noted American writer, was born in Philadelphia, June 29, 1819, and died in 1902. He is best remembered by his famous song, “Ben Bolt.[Pg 149]”

Mortimer Collins, a famous English novelist and poet, was born in Plymouth, June 29, 1827, and died at Knowl Hill, Berkshire, July 28, 1876. His novels include: “Who Is the Heir,” “Sweet Anne Page,” “The Ivory Gate,” “The Vivian Romance,” “The Marquis and Merchant,” “Two Plunges for a Pearl,” “Blacksmith and Scholar,” etc. Also: “Idyls and Rhymes,” “Summer Songs,” and “The British Birds.”

John Bach McMaster, a renowned American historian, was born at Brooklyn, N. Y., June 29, 1852. He has written: “Brief History of the United States,” “Cambridge Modern History,” “A Primary School History of the United States,” “Daniel Webster,” “The Struggle for the Social, Political and Industrial Rights of Man,” “Life and Times of Stephen Girard,” and his most famous work, “History of the People of the United States.”

Nicholas Rowe, a distinguished English dramatist and poet-laureate, was born at Little Barford, Bedfordshire,[Pg 150] June 30 (?), 1674, and died December 6, 1718. He is best known as the translator of Lucan’s “Pharsalia.” He was the author of many successful plays, the most popular being: “Tamerlane,” “The Fair Penitent,” “Jane Shore,” and “Lady Jane Grey.”

Harriet (Winslow) Sewall, a noted American poet, was born at Portland, Me., June 30, 1819, and died at Wellesley, Mass., February, 1889. “Poems, with a Memoir,” was published in 1889.[Pg 151]

FOOTNOTES:

JULY

[Pg 152]

[Pg 153]

JULY

Joseph Hall (Bishop Hall), a famous English bishop and satirist, was born at Bristow Park near Ashby de la Zouch, Leicestershire, July 1, 1574, and died in 1656. He wrote “Episcopacy by Divine Right,” “An Humble Remonstrance to the High Court of Parliament,” “Of Toothless Satyrs,” “Christian Moderation,” “Contemplations,” etc.

Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, a renowned German poet, was born at Quedlinburg, July 2, 1724, and died at Hamburg, 1803. He is best known by his great epic, “The Messiah,” and his “Odes.”

George Sand (Baronne Dudevant), the great French novelist, was born in Paris, July 2, 1804, and died at Nohant, June 7, 1876. Among her numerous works may be mentioned: “Indiana,” “Aldo the Poet,” “The Private Secretary,” “Andrè,” “A Winter at Majorca,” “Gabriel,” “Pauline,” “Horace,” “The Seven Strings of the Lyre,” “Consuelo,” “The Companion of a French Tour,[Pg 154]” “Isidora,” “The Countess of Rudolstadt,” “The Miller of Angibault,” “The Castle of Solitude,” “The Master Ringers,” “Story of My Life,” “The Snow Man,” “Flavia,” “Tamaris,” “The Last Love,” “Cadio,” “A Rolling Stone,” “The Little Daughter,” “Narcissus,” “Village Walks,” “Loves of the Golden Age,” “Journal of a Tourist During the War,” etc., etc.

Richard Henry Stoddard, a distinguished American lyric poet, was born at Hingham, Mass., July 2, 1825, and died in 1903. His works include: “Abraham Lincoln: A Horatian Ode,” “Poems,” “The Lion’s Cub,” “Songs of Summer,” etc.

Theodore Chickering Williams, a noted American clergyman, educator and author, was born at Brookline, Mass., July 2, 1855, and died in 1915. He has written: “Character Building,” “Elegies of Tibullus,” “Virgil’s Æneid,” “Poems of Belief,” “Virgil’s Georgics and Eclogues,” etc.

Henry Grattan, a noted Irish orator and statesman, was born in Dublin, July 3, 1746, and died in London, June 4, 1820. He wrote: “Letters on the Irish Union,” “Correspondence,” and numerous speeches.[Pg 155]

Nathaniel Hawthorne, a famous American novelist and short-story writer, was born in Salem, Mass., July 4, 1804, and died at Plymouth, N. H., May 19, 1864. He wrote: “The House of the Seven Gables,” “Tanglewood Tales,” “The Wonder Book,” “Tales of the White Hills,” “Twice-Told Tales,” “Mosses from an Old Manse,” “Fanshawe,” “Our Old Home,” “The Marble Faun,” “The Scarlet Letter,” etc.

George Borrow, a distinguished English philologist, and traveler, was born in East Dereham, Norfolk, July 5, 1803, and died in Oulton, Suffolk, July 30, 1881. Among his writings are: “Romano Lavo Lil, or Word-Book of the Romany,” “The Zincali, or Gipsies of Spain,” “The Bible in Spain,” “Lavengro,” “The Romany Rye,” and “Wild Wales.”

Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibnitz, a renowned German philosopher and scholar, was born at Leipsic, July 6, 1646, and died at Hanover, November 14, 1716. Among his writ[Pg 156]ings are: “Essays on God’s Goodness, Man’s Freedom, and the Origin of Evil,” “Principles of Nature and Grace,” “New Essays on the Human Understanding,” etc.

Alexander Wilson, a celebrated Scotch-American ornithologist, was born at Paisley, Scotland, July 6, 1766, and died in Philadelphia, August 23, 1813. His most important work, “American Ornithology,” won for him great fame.

George Darley, a noted Irish poet and critic, was born in Dublin, July 7, 1795, and died near Rome, November 23, 1846. He wrote: “Sylvia, or the May Queen,” “Nepenthe,” “Errors of Extasie and Other Poems,” and numerous studies of other men’s work.

Robert Gilfillan, a renowned Scotch poet, was born in Dumfermline, July 7, 1798, and died at Leith, December 4, 1850. His “Original Songs” have made him famous, the best known of the collection being: “In the Days o’ Langsyne,” “Peter McCraw,” and “The Exile’s Song.[Pg 157]”

Jean de La Fontaine, the great French fabulist and poet, was born at Château-Thierry, in Champagne, July 8, 1621, and died in Paris, April 13, 1695. His principal works were: “Stories and Novels,” “Adonis,” “The Loves of Psyche,” and his celebrated “Fables.”

Fitz-Greene Halleck, a celebrated American poet, was born in Guilford, Conn., July 8, 1790, and died there, November 19, 1867. His most important poems were: “Fanny,” and “Marco Bozzaris.”

William Vaughn Moody, a noted American poet, was born at Spencer, Indiana, July 8, 1869, and died at Colorado Springs, October 17, 1910. He is best known by his famous poem, “An Ode in Time of Hesitation,” which won for him lasting fame. Among his dramas are: “The Masque of Judgment,” “The Great Divide,” and “The Faith-Healer.” With R. W. Lovett, he wrote: “History of English Literature,” etc.

Henry Hallam, a distinguished English historian, was born at Windsor, July 9, 1777, and died at Pickhurst, Kent,[Pg 158] January 21, 1859. His noted works are: “Constitutional History of England,” “Introduction to the Literature of Europe During the Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries,” and “A View of the State of Europe During the Middle Ages.”

John Calvin, a renowned reformer and theologian, was born at Noyon, in Picardy, France, July 10, 1509; and died in Geneva, May 27, 1564. He wrote: “Commentaries on the New Testament,” and “Institutes of the Christian Religion,” the latter his most famous work.

Sir William Blackstone, an eminent English jurist and writer on law, was born in London, July 10, 1723, and died in 1780. He won great celebrity by his famous “Commentaries on the Laws of England.”

Frederick Marryat (Captain Marryat), a celebrated English novelist, was born in London, July 10, 1792, and[Pg 159] died at Langham, Norfolk, August 9, 1848. His best known works are: “The King’s Own,” “Frank Mildmay,” “Peter Simple,” “Mr. Midshipman Easy,” “Japhet in Search of a Father,” “Masterman Ready,” etc.

Joseph Xavier Boniface Saintine, known as Saintine, the renowned French littérateur and dramatist, was born in Paris, July 10, 1798, and died there, January 21, 1865. He wrote numerous plays, but his story, “Picciola,” won for him world-wide fame.

John Quincy Adams, an illustrious American statesman and publicist, and sixth President of the United States, was born at Braintree, Mass., July 11, 1767, and died in Washington, D. C., February 21, 1848. He published: “Letters on Silesia,” etc. The “Diary of J. Q. Adams,” and his “Memoirs” appeared after his death.

Sir Arthur Helps, a noted English essayist, historian and miscellaneous writer, was born at Streatham, Surrey, July 11, 1813, and died in London, March 7, 1875. Among his best works are: “Friends in Council,” “Companions of My Solitude,” “Realmah,” “Spanish Conquest in America,” “Casimir Maremma” (a romance), etc.[Pg 160]

Henry David Thoreau, an eminent American writer, was born in Concord, Mass., July 12, 1817, and died there May 6, 1862. His works include: “Familiar Letters,” “Summer,” “Winter,” “Autumn,” “A Week on the Concord and Merrimac Rivers,” “Early Spring in Massachusetts,” “Poems of Nature,” “The Maine Woods,” “A Yankee in Canada,” “Excursions,” “Letters to Various Persons,” and “Cape Cod.”

Josiah Tucker (Dean Tucker), a noted English economist and divine, was born at Laugharne, Carmarthenshire, July 13, 1712, and died November 4, 1799. His “Important Questions on Commerce” (1755), won for him great fame.

John Clare, a celebrated English poet, was born in Helpstone, near Peterborough, July 13, 1793, and died at Northampton, May 20, 1864. His “Poems, Descriptive of Rural Life and Scenery,” won for him great fame.

William Oldys, a distinguished English biographer and antiquary, was born July 14, 1696, and died April 15,[Pg 161] 1761. He wrote: “The British Librarian,” “The Life of Sir Walter Raleigh,” “The Universal Spectator,” etc.

John Gibson Lockhart, a renowned Scotch biographer and son-in-law of Walter Scott, was born at Cambusnethan, Lanark, July 14, 1794, and died November 25, 1854. He wrote: “Reginald Dalton,” “Adam Blair,” “Valerius,” “Matthew Wald,” “Life of Robert Burns,” a volume of translations of “Ancient Spanish Ballads,” and his most celebrated work, “Life of Sir Walter Scott.”

James Aldrich, a noted American poet, was born at Mattituck, L. I., July 14, 1810, and died in New York, September 9, 1856. His most celebrated poem, “A Death-Bed,” won for him great fame.

Clement Clarke Moore, a distinguished American poet and educational writer, was born in New York City, July 15, 1779, and died in Newport, R. I., July 10, 1863. He is[Pg 162] best known by his famous poem, “A Visit from St. Nicholas.”

Henry Edward Cardinal Manning, a famous English Roman Catholic prelate, was born July 15, 1808, at Totteridge in Hertfordshire, and died in London, January 14, 1892. Among his publications are: “Petri Privilegium,” “The True Story of the Vatican Council,” “The Temporal Mission of the Holy Ghost,” “The Catholic Church and Modern Society,” “The Internal Mission of the Holy Ghost,” “England and Christendom,” “Sin and Its Consequences,” etc.

William Winter, a distinguished American journalist and dramatic critic, was born at Gloucester, Mass., July 15, 1836, and died in 1917. He has written: “Life of Henry Irving,” “The Wanderers,” “Stage Life of Mary Anderson,” “The Queen’s Domain,” “Life of Edwin Booth,” “The Convent, and Other Poems,” “The Jeffersons,” “English Rambles,” “Life of Ada Rehan,” “Thistle-down,” “Poems,” “Other Days, Being Chronicles and Memories of the Stage,” “Life and Art of Richard Mansfield,” “Vagrant Memories,” etc.[Pg 163]

Sir Joshua Reynolds, the great English painter, was born at Plympton Earls, Devonshire, July 16, 1723, and died in London, February 23, 1792. His fifteen addresses delivered at the Royal Academy constitute the well-known “Discourses of Sir Joshua Reynolds.”

Isaac Watts, a celebrated English clergyman and hymn-writer, was born at Southampton, July 17, 1674, and died at Theobalds, Newington, November 25, 1748. He wrote many religious works, among them: “The Improvement of the Mind,” “Logic; or, the Right Use of Reason in the Inquiry after Truth,” and his famous “Psalms and Hymns.”

Martin Farquhar Tupper, a famous English writer, was born in London, July 17, 1810, and died November 29, 1889. He published: “Geraldine and Other Poems,” “My Life as an Author,” etc. His fame, however, rests on his notable work, “Proverbial Philosophy,” (1838-1867).

William Makepeace Thackeray, the renowned English novelist, was born in Calcutta, India, July 18, 1811, and died December 24, 1863. Among his celebrated works are: “Irish Sketch-Book,” “The Book of Snobs,” “Barry Lyndon,” “Comic Tales and Sketches,” “A Shabby-Genteel Story,” “Men’s Wives,” “Our Street,” “Mrs. Perkins’s Ball,” “English Humorists of the Eighteenth Century,” “Dr. Birch and His Young Friends,” “Vanity Fair,” “The History of Pendennis,” “The History of Henry Esmond,” “The Newcomes,” “The Four Georges,” “The Rose and the Ring,” “The Virginians,” “The Adventures of Philip,” etc.

Victor Cherbuliez, a distinguished French romancist, was born at Geneva, July 19, 1829, and died in 1899. Under the name of “G. Valbert,” he wrote: “A Horse by Phidias,” “A Political Spain,” “Foreign Profiles,” “Art and Nature“; also, “Romance of a Respectable Woman,” “Prosper Randoce,” “Miss Rovel,” “Samuel Brohl & Co.,” etc.

Ferdinand Brunetière, a celebrated French critic, and man of letters, was born at Toulon, July 19, 1849, and died[Pg 165] December 9, 1906. Among his publications are: “Études critiques,” “Le Roman Naturaliste,” “Histoire et Littérature,” “Discours Académiques,” “Discours de Combat,” “L’Action Sociale du Christianisme,” “Sur les Chemins de la Croyance,” etc.

Francesco Petrarch, the greatest of Italian lyric poets, was born at Arezzo, July 20, 1304, and died at Arquà, July 18, 1374. He wrote: “Africa,” “Memoranda,” “Of Contempt of the World,” “Of the Solitary Life,” “Of the Remedies for Either Fortune,” “Rime,” “Of Illustrious Men,” “Metrical Epistles,” etc.

Thomas Lovell Beddoes, a noted English poet and dramatist, was born at Clifton, July 20, 1803, and died at Basle, January 26, 1849. He wrote: “The Improvisatore,” and “The Bride’s Tragedy,” “Poetical Works” (London, 1890), and “Letters” (London, 1894), were edited by Edmond Gosse.

Matthew Prior, an eminent English poet, was born at Wimborne in Dorsetshire, July 21, 1664, and died at Wim[Pg 166]pole in Cambridgeshire, September 18, 1721. Among his noted works are: “Solomon,” “Alma; or, the Progress of the Mind,” and “Poems on Several Occasions.”

Anthony Ashley Cooper, first Earl of Shaftesbury, a distinguished English statesman, was born in Wimborne, St. Giles, Dorsetshire, July 22, 1621, and died in Amsterdam, January 22, 1683. His notable work was: “Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, and Times,” a collection of his numerous writings.

George Washington Bungay, a noted journalist and poet, was born in Walsingham, England, July 22, 1818, and died July 10, 1892. The best known of his many poems are: “The Creed of the Bells,” and “The English Sparrow.” He also wrote: “Abraham Lincoln Songster,” “Pen Portraits of Illustrious Abstainers,” etc.

Coventry Keassey Deighton Patmore, a celebrated English poet, was born at Woodford in Essex, July 23, 1823, and died in 1896. He wrote: “The Unknown Eros,[Pg 167]” “Amelia,” “The Rod, the Root and the Flower,” “The Angel in the House,” “Principle in Art, and Other Essays,” etc.

Alexandre Dumas, the Elder, an illustrious French dramatist and romancist, was born at Villière Cotterets, Aisne, July 24, 1803 (?), and died near Dieppe, December 5, 1870. A few of his great romances are: “The Count of Monte Cristo,” “The Three Musketeers,” “Twenty Years After,” “The Knight of Maison-Rouge,” “Viscount de Bragelonne,” “Queen Margot,” etc., etc. Some of his historical romances are: “Joan of Arc,” “Michelangelo and Raffaelle,” “Louis XIV and His Age,” etc. His most famous plays were: “Henri III. and His Court,” “Antony,” “Charles VII with His Grand Vassals,” “Napoleon Bonaparte,” “Mdlle. de Belle-Isle,” “Marriage under Louis XV,” “The Misses St. Cyr,” etc. He also wrote entertaining narratives of his travels in Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Spain, North Africa, Syria, Egypt, etc.

Josiah Gilbert Holland, a famous American poet and novelist and editor, was born at Belchertown, Mass., July 24, 1819, and died in New York, October 12, 1881. Among his works are: “Letters to the Young,” “Life of Abraham Lincoln,” “Plain Talks on Familiar Subjects,” “Nicholas Minturn,” etc. Also poems under the titles: “Bitter Sweet,” “Kathrina,” “The Mistress of the Manse,” “Garnered Sheaves,” etc.[Pg 168]

Rt. Hon. Arthur James Balfour, a distinguished English author and statesman, was born July 25, 1848. He has written: “A Defence of Philosophic Doubt,” “The Foundations of Belief,” “Essays and Addresses,” “Economic Notes on Insular Free Trade,” “Speeches” (1880-1905), on “Fiscal Reform,” “Criticism and Beauty,” “Theism and Humanism,” etc.

Winthrop Mackworth Praed, a celebrated English poet, was born in London, July 26, 1802, and died in 1839. Among his best known pieces are: “The Red Fisherman,” “Private Theatricals,” “Every-Day Characters,” “School and Schoolfellows,” “A Letter of Advice,” “Our Ball,” “My Partner,” “My Little Cousins,” etc.

George Bernard Shaw, a famous British author and playwright, was born in Dublin, July 26, 1856. He has written, “The Quintessence of Ibsenism,” “The Sanity of Art,” “The Perfect Wagnerite,” “The Common Sense of Municipal Training,” “Socialism and Superior Brains,” “Common Sense about the War,” etc. Also: “The Admirable Bashville,” “Man and Superman,” “John Bull’s Other Island,” “How He Lied to Her Husband,” “Major Barbara,” “The Doctor’s Dilemma,” “Getting Married,” “Misalliance,” “Fanny’s First Play,” “Androcles and the[Pg 169] Lion,” “Pygmalion,” “Overruled,” “Great Catherine,” “The Music-Cure,” “O’Flaherty, V. C.,” “An Unsocial Socialist,” “The Devil’s Disciple,” “Cæsar and Cleopatra,” “The Man of Destiny,” “You Never Can Tell,” “Back to Methuselah” (cycle of plays), etc.

Thomas Campbell, a Scottish poet, of great fame, was born at Glasgow, July 27, 1777; and died at Boulogne, France June, 15, 1844. The best known of his poems are: “Gertrude of Wyoming,” “Pleasures of Hope,” “Lochiel’s Warning,” “The Exile of Erin,” “Battle of the Baltic,” “Ye Mariners of England,” etc.

Alexandre Dumas, the Younger, the renowned French dramatist and romancist, was born at Paris, July 27, 1824, and died November 28, 1895. A few of his famous romances are: “A Woman’s Romance,” “Césarine,” “Camille,” etc. Also, “The Divorce Question,” “The Clemenceau Case,” “The Natural Son,” “The Friend of Women,” “Claude’s Wife,” “The Danicheffs,” “Joseph Balsamo,” “Françillon,” etc.

Hilaire Belloc, a celebrated English author, was born July 27, 1870. Among his works are: “Verses and Sonnets,” “Paris,” “Robespierre,” “Path to Rome,[Pg 170]” “Hills and the Sea,” “Marie Antoinette,” “The Green Overcoat,” “The Mercy of Allah,” “General Sketch of the European War, 1st Phase,” “The Last Days of the French Monarchy.”

Stephen Phillips, a noted English author and poet, was born near the City of Oxford, July 28, 1868, and died December 9, 1915. Among his poetical pieces are: “The Woman with the Dead Soul,” “Marpessa,” “The Wife,” “After Rain,” “Thoughts at Sunrise,” “Thoughts at Noon.” The first volume of his “Poems” appeared in 1897, and “New Poems” in 1907.

Alexis de Tocqueville, a distinguished French publicist and writer, was born at Vermeuil (Seine-et-Oise), July 29, 1805, and died at Cannes, April 16, 1859. His writings include: “The Old Régime and the Revolution,” “Democracy in America,” and “Works,” 9 vols., which appeared in 1860-65.

Samuel Rogers, a famous English poet, was born at Newington Green, London, July 30, 1763, and died in Lon[Pg 171]don, December 18, 1855. He wrote “The Voyage of Columbus,” “Italy,” “Human Life,” “Pleasures of Memory,” and “Jacqueline.”

John Stuart Blackie, a notable Scottish author was born in Glasgow, July 31, 1809, and died in Edinburgh, March 2, 1895. His works include translations from the Greek and German; moral and religious and other philosophy; also, “Lays of the Highlands and Islands,” “Language and Literature of the Scottish Highlands,” “Wisdom of Goethe,” “Life of Burns,” “Essays on Subjects of Moral and Social Interest,” “Self-Culture,” etc.

[Pg 172]

FOOTNOTES:

[Pg 173]

AUGUST

[Pg 174]

[Pg 175]

AUGUST

Thomas Warton, a distinguished English clergyman, critic, was born at Basingstoke, August 1 (?), 1728, and died at Oxford, May 21, 1790. He was poet-laureate of England in 1785. He wrote: “History of English Poetry,” etc.

Francis Marion Crawford, a celebrated American author, was born in Bagni di Lucca, Italy, August 2, 1854, and died in 1909. Among his noted works are: “Dr. Claudius,” “Mr. Isaacs,” “A Tale of a Lonely Parish,” “Zoroaster,” “With the Immortals,” “Sant’ Ilario,” “The Witch of Prague,” “Love in Idleness,” “A Rose of Yesterday,” “Don Orsino,” “Via Crucis,” “In the Palace of the King,” “The Heart of Rome,” “Fair Margaret,” and its sequel, “Prima Donna.”

Sir William Watson, a famous English poet, was born at Wharfedale, August 2, 1858. He has published: “The Prince’s Quest,” “Epigrams of Art,” “Wordsworth’s[Pg 176] Grave, and Other Poems,” “Lachrymæ Musarum,” “Excursions in Criticism,” “The Eloping Angels,” “Odes, and Other Poems,” “The Purple East,” “The Year of Shame,” “The Hope of the World,” “Collected Poems,” “For England: Poems Written During Estrangement,” “New Poems,” “Pencraft; A Plea for the Older Ways,” “Retrogression,” “The Man Who Saw,” “The Superhuman Antagonists,” etc.

Henry Cuyler Bunner, a celebrated American poet and story-writer, was born in Oswego, N. Y., August 3, 1855, and died in Nutley, N. J., May 11, 1896. He wrote: “A Woman of Honor,” “Airs from Arcady and Elsewhere,” “The Runaway Browns,” “Zadoc Pine and Other Stories,” “Jersey Street and Jersey Lane,” “The Midge,” “Short Sixes,” etc.

Percy Bysshe Shelley, the renowned English poet, was born at Field Place, near Horsham, Sussex, August 4, 1792, and was drowned off the coast of Italy, July 8, 1822. Among his many works may be mentioned: “A Poetical Essay on the Existing State of Things,” “Queen Mab: A Philosophic Poem,” “Rosalind and Helen: A Modern[Pg 177] Eclogue; with Other Poems,” “Hellas: A Lyrical Drama,” “Adonais: an Elegy on the Death of John Keats,” “The Cenci: A Tragedy,” “Prometheus Unbound: a Lyrical Drama,” “An Address to the Irish People,” “Alastor, or the Spirit of Solitude, and Other Poems,” “A Vindication of Natural Diet,” “A Refutation of Deism,” etc.

Walter (Horatio) Pater, a distinguished English literary and art critic, was born at London, August 4, 1839, and died at Oxford, July 30, 1894. He wrote: “The Renaissance: Studies in Art and Poetry,” “Marius the Epicurean,” “Imaginary Portraits,” “Appreciations,” “Plato and Plato-nism,” “The Child in the House,” etc.

Guy de Maupassant, a noted French novelist, was born at the Château de Miromesnil, (Seine-Inférieure), August 5, 1850, and died in Paris, July 6, 1893. Among his many works are: “In the Sunshine,” “On the Water,” “The Left Hand,” “The Sisters Rondoli,” “Peter and John,” “Strong as Death,” “Tales of Day and Night,” “Our Heart,” “A Wondering Life,” etc.

François de Salignac de la Mothe Fénélon, an illustrious French theologian and writer, was born in the Château[Pg 178] Fénélon, in Perigord, Dordogne, August 6, 1651, and died January 7, 1715. He wrote: “Life of Charlemagne,” “Exposition of the Maxims of the Saints Regarding the Inner Life,” “Fables,” “Treatise on the Education of Young Girls,” and his most noted work, “Telemachus.”

Alfred Tennyson, Lord Tennyson, one of the greatest of English poets, was born at Somersby, Lincolnshire, August 6, 1809, and died at Aldworth, October 6, 1892. Among his famous works are: “Maud and Other Poems,” “Queen Mary,” “The Princess,” “The Foresters,” “Enoch Arden,” “The Holy Grail,” “Harold,” “The Idylls of the King,” “Tiresias,” “Locksley Hall Sixty Years After,” “Poems, Chiefly Lyrical,” “In Memoriam,” etc.

Joseph Rodman Drake, a noted American poet, was born at New York, August 7, 1795, and died September 21, 1820. Among his poetical works are: “The Culprit Fay,” “Abelard to Héloise,” “The American Flag,” etc.

Frederick William Farrar, a celebrated English clergyman, was born at Bombay, India, August 7, 1831, and died[Pg 179] March 22, 1903. His most notable works are: “Life and Works of Saint Paul,” “The Witness of History to Christ,” “The Life of Christ,” “The Early Days of Christianity,” “Eternal Hope,” “The Origin of Language,” “Chapters on Language,” “Families of Speech,” “Language and Languages,” “Darkness and Dawn,” “The Voice from Sinai,” “The Life of Christ as represented in Art,” “Gathering Clouds,” and “The Bible, Its Meaning and Supremacy.”

Francis Hutcheson, a distinguished Scotch educator and philosopher was born at Drumalig, Ulster, Ireland, August 8, 1694, and died in Glasgow about 1746. He was the author of “Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue,” “Nature and Conduct of the Passions and Affections,” “System of Moral Philosophy,” etc.

Francis Scott Key, a noted American poet, was born in Frederick County, Md., August 9, 1780, and died at Baltimore, January 11, 1843. He is best known as the author of “The Star Spangled Banner.[Pg 180]”

Izaak Walton, a celebrated English author, was born in Stafford, England, August 9, 1593, and died at Winchester, December 15, 1683. His most famous work was: “The Complete Angler: or, the Contemplative Man’s Recreation.” He also wrote the biographies of a number of famous men, known as “Walton’s Lives.”

John Dryden, the renowned English poet, was born at Aldwinkle, Northamptonshire, August 9, 1631, and died in London, May 1, 1700. His most famous works were: “The Hind and the Panther,” “Alexander’s Feast,” and “Absalom and Achitophel,” also a number of noted plays including: “Marriage à la Mode,” “The Conquest of Grenada,” “The Spanish Friar,” “Don Sebastian,” “All for Love,” etc.

Henry Mackenzie, a noted Scotch novelist, essayist and [Pg 181]miscellaneous writer, was born at Edinburgh, August 10, 1745, and died there January 14, 1831. He wrote: “The Man of the World,” “Julia de Roubigné,” “Works” (8 vols.), and “The Man of Feeling,” his most famous work.

Robert Green Ingersoll, a distinguished American orator, lecturer and lawyer, was born in Dresden, N. Y., August 11, 1833, and died at Dobbs Ferry, N. Y., July 21, 1899. He has published: “Some Mistakes of Moses,” “Lectures, Complete,” “Great Speeches,” “Prose Poems and Selections.”

Octave Feuillet, a celebrated French novelist, was born at St. Lô, August 11, 1821, and died at Paris, December 29, 1890. He wrote: “The Great Old Man,” “The History of Sibylla,” “Julie de Trécœur,” “A Marriage in High Life,” “Story of a Parisienne,” “La Morte,” and his most notable work, “Romance of a Poor Young Man.”

Mrs. Sarah Morgan (Bryant) Piatt, a noted American poet, was born at Lexington, Ky., August 11, 1836. Her[Pg 182] best known works are: “A Woman’s Poems,” “A Voyage to the Fortunate Isles,” “Dramatic Persons and Moods,” “The Witch in the Glass,” “An Enchanted Castle,” etc.

Robert Southey, an English poet and prose-writer, of great renown, was born in Bristol, August 12, 1774, and died March 21, 1843. He wrote: “A Vision of Judgment,” “Joan of Arc,” “Thalaba the Destroyer,” “The Curse of Kehama,” “Life of Nelson,” “The Doctor,” “Book of the Church,” “Life of John Bunyan,” “Life of John Wesley,” “History of Brazil,” etc.

Edith Matilda Thomas, a famous American poet, was born in Chatham, Ohio, August 12, 1854. She has written: “A New Year’s Masque,” “The Round Year,” “Children of the Seasons,” “Babes of the Year,” “Babes of the Nation,” “Lyrics and Sonnets,” “Heaven and Earth,” “The Inverted Torch,” “Fair Shadow Land,” “In Sunshine Land,” “In the Young World,” “A Winter Swallow, and Other Verse,” “The Dancers,” “Cassia and[Pg 183] Other Verse,” “Children of Christmas,” “The Guest of the Gate,” “The White Messenger,” “The Flower from the Ashes,” etc.

Goldwin Smith, a renowned English historian, essayist and educator, was born at Reading, Berkshire, August 13, 1823, and died June 7, 1910. He has written: “Irish History and Irish Character,” “Foundation of the American Colonies,” “England and America,” “The Civil War in America,” “Lectures on the Study of History,” “Short History of England,” “Life of Cowper,” “Life of Jane Austen,” “Guesses at the Riddle of Existence,” “Reminiscences” (1910), “The Empire,” “My Memory of Gladstone,” etc.

Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward, a celebrated American novelist, was born at Andover, Mass., August 13, 1844, and died in 1911. Among her many works are: “Ellen’s Idol,” “Gypsy Stories,” “Men, Women and Ghosts,” “Poetic Studies,” “The Story of Avis,” “Old Maid’s Paradise,” “Sealed Orders,” “Beyond the Gates,” “Songs of the Silent World,” “The Gates Between,” “A Struggle for Immortality,” “The Life of Christ,” “Trixy,” “Walled In,” and her most famous work, “Gates Ajar.”

Park Benjamin, a noted American journalist, poet, and lecturer, was born at Demerara, British Guiana, August 14,[Pg 184] 1809 and died in New York, September 12, 1864. Among his poetical pieces are: “The Old Sexton,” “Poetry,” “Infatuation,” “The Nautilus,” “To One Beloved,” and “The Contemplation of Nature.”

Sir Walter Besant, a distinguished English novelist, was born in Portsmouth, August 14, 1838, and died June 10, 1901. Among his noted works may be mentioned: “The Golden Butterfly,” “Ready Money Mortiboy,” “The Seamy Side,” “Studies in Early French Poetry,” “When George the Third Was King,” “The French Humorists,” “All Sorts and Conditions of Men,” “Dorothy Foster,” “All in a Garden Fair,” “The Ivory Gate,” “The Master Craftsman,” “Beyond the Dreams of Avarice,” “St. Katharine’s by the Tower,” “Armorel of Lyonnesse,” “The Rebel Queen,” etc. The first three works mentioned were written in collaboration with James Rice.

John Galsworthy, a famous English author, was born at Combe in Surrey, August 14, 1867. His publications in[Pg 185]clude: “The Man of Property,” “A Motley,” “Moods, Songs and Doggerels,” “The Inn of Tranquillity,” “A Sheaf,” Vol. I; “Beyond,” “A Sheaf,” Vol. II; “Saint’s Progress,” “In Chancery,” “Awakening,” “To Let,” etc. Plays: “The Silver Box,” “The Pigeon,” “The Eldest Son,” “The Skin Game,” “A Family Man,” etc.

Jeremy Taylor, a renowned English theological writer, was born August 15, 1613, at Cambridge, and died at Lisburn, Ireland, August 13, 1667. His most celebrated works are: “The Great Exemplar of Sanctity and Holy Life,” “Discourse on the Liberty of Prophesying,” “The Rule and Exercise of Holy Living,” and “The Rule and Exercise of Holy Dying.”

Sir Walter Scott, a Scotch novelist and poet of great fame, was born in Edinburgh, August 15, 1771, and died at Abbotsford, September 21, 1832. Among his many works may be mentioned: “The Lay of the Last Minstrel,” “Ballads and Lyrical Pieces,” “Rokeby,” “Marmion,” “The Lady of the Lake,” “Waverley,” “Guy Mannering,” “The Field of Waterloo,” “The Lord of the Isles,” “Rob Roy,” “Harold the Dauntless,” “Ivanhoe,” “The Bride of Lammermoor: A Legend of Montrose,” “Kenilworth,” “The Abbot,” “The Monastery,” “The Pirate,” “Tales of the Crusaders: The Betrothed, The Talisman,” “History of Scotland,” “Tales of a Grandfather,” “Essays on Ballad[Pg 186] Poetry,” “The Eve of St. John: A Border Ballad,” “Life of Dryden,” “Life of Swift,” etc., etc.

Thomas De Quincey, a celebrated English author, was born in Manchester, August 15, 1785, and died December 8, 1859. Besides his numerous essays and papers on historical literary and miscellaneous topics, he wrote: “Confessions of an English Opium Eater,” “Letters to a Young Man Whose Education Has Been Neglected,” “Logic of Political Economy,” “Klosterheim,” “Leaders in Literature,” “Suspiria de Profundis: Essays on Style and Rhetoric,” “Joan of Arc,” “Autobiographic Sketches,” “Literary Reminiscences,” etc., etc.

William Miller, a noted Scotch poet, was born in Bridgegate, Glasgow, August 16, 1810, and died at Glasgow, August 20, 1872. He wrote: “Scottish Nursery Songs and Other Poems,” his best known poem being “Wee Willie Winkie.”

David Crockett, a celebrated American politician, hunter and humorist, was born at Limestone, Tenn., August 17, 1786,[Pg 187] and was killed at Fort Alamo, San Antonio, Texas, March 16, 1836. He wrote: “Sketches and Eccentricities,” “Tour to the North and Down East,” his “Autobiography,” etc.

Henry Drummond, a distinguished Scotch geologist and religious writer, was born at Stirling, August 17, 1851, and died at Tunbridge Wells, England, March 11, 1897. His most famous works are: “Natural Law in the Spiritual World,” “The Ascent of Man,” “Tropical Africa,” “Pax Vobiscum,” “The Greatest Thing in the World,” “The Programme of Christianity.”

Lord John Russell, a famous English statesman, was born in London, August 18, 1792, and died at Pembroke Lodge, Richmond Park, May 28, 1878. He is best remembered by his historical works, “Life of William Lord Russell,” “Memoirs of the Affairs of Europe” (2 vols.) “Correspondence of John, 4th Duke of Bedford,” etc.

Charles Francis Adams, an eminent American statesman, publicist, and miscellaneous writer, was born at Boston, August 18, 1807, and died at Boston, November 21, 1886. His best known work was: “Life and Works of John Adams.[Pg 188]”

Thomas William Parsons, a distinguished American poet, was born at Boston, August 18, 1819, and died September 3, 1892. Among his writings are: “The Old House at Sudbury,” “Ghetto di Roma,” “The Magnolia,” “The Shadow of the Obelisk,” etc. He also made a metrical translation of Dante’s “Inferno.”

Robert Williams Buchanan, a celebrated English author, was born in Warwickshire, August 18, 1841, and died in 1901. He wrote: “Idylls and Legends of Inverburn,” “Undertones,” “London Poems,” “North Coast Poems,” “Ballads of Love, Life and Humor,” “The City of Dreams,” “A Child of Nature,” “The Shadow of the Sword,” “Foxglove Manor,” etc.

Pierre Jean de Béranger, a famous French poet, was born in Paris, August 19, 1780, and died there July 16,[Pg 189] 1857. Some of his noted songs are: “The Old Flag,” “Les Petits Coups,” “The Old Corporal,” “Roger Bontemps,” “Little Red Man,” “Little Gray Man,” “King of Yvetot,” “My Grandmother,” “The Marquis of Carabas,” and his “Autobiography.”

Robert Herrick, a renowned English poet and royalist clergyman, was born in London, August 20, 1591, and died at Dean Prior, Devonshire, October 15, 1674. He wrote: “Noble Numbers,” and “Hesperides.”

Jules Michelet, a famous French historian, was born in Paris, August 21, 1798, and died at Hyères, February 9, 1874. His principal works are: “History of France,” “History of the Revolution,” “Abridgment of Modern History,” “Of the Jesuits,” “Of the Priest, the Wife, and the Family,” “Of the People,” “Poland and Russia,” etc.

John Tyndall, an eminent British physicist and writer on science, was born at Leighlin Bridge, near Carlow, Ireland,[Pg 190] August 21, 1820, and died at Haslemere, Surrey, England, December 4, 1893. He has written: “Philosophical Transactions in Glaciers of the Alps,” “Mountaineering in 1861,” “Dust and Disease,” “Hours of Exercise in the Alps,” “Sound: A Course of Eight Lectures,” “Nine Lectures on Light,” “Essays on the Use and Limit of the Imagination in Science,” “The Forms of Water in Clouds and Rivers, Ice and Glaciers,” “Essays on the Floating Matter of the Air,” “New Fragments,” etc.

James Kirke Paulding, a distinguished American novelist, was born in Dutchess County, N. Y., August 22, 1779, and died at Hyde Park, N. Y., April 6, 1860. Among his famous works may be mentioned: “The United States and England,” “Lay of a Scotch Fiddle,” “Letters on Slavery,” “The Diverting History of John Bull and Brother Jonathan,” “Koningsmarke,” “John Bull in America,” “Westward Ho!” “The Dutchman’s Fireside,” “Life of George Washington,” etc.

William Ernest Henley, a noted British poet, critic, and editor, was born at Gloucester, August 23, 1849, and died July 11, 1903. Among his works are: “Views and Reviews,” “Poems,” “London Voluntaries,” “Hawthorn and Lavender,” etc.[Pg 191]

Theodore Parker, an American preacher and reformer of great celebrity, was born at Lexington, Mass., August 24, 1810, and died at Florence, May 10, 1860. He wrote: “Ten Sermons on Religion,” “Theism, Atheism and the Popular Theology,” and his most celebrated work: “Discourse on Matters Pertaining to Religion.”

John Gottfried von Herder, a distinguished German philosopher and historian of literature, was born at Mohrungen, August 25, 1744, and died at Weimar, December 18, 1803. Among his works are: “Voices of Nations in Song,” “Fragments on Recent German Literature,” “The Cid,” “Ideas for a Philosophy of the History of Mankind,” “Spirit of Hebrew Poetry,” etc.

Francis Bret Harte, a celebrated American poet and short-story writer, was born in Albany, N. Y., August 25,[Pg 192] 1839, and died in 1902. Among his many works are: “The Luck of Roaring Camp, and Other Sketches,” “The Heathen Chinee,” “Plain Language from Truthful James,” “Poems,” “East and West Poems,” “Echoes of the Foot-Hills,” “Poetical Works,” “Thankful Blossom,” “Drift from Two Shores,” “Flip and Other Stories,” “By Shore and Sedge,” “The Queen of the Pirate Isle,” “On the Frontier,” “Snow Bound at Eagle’s,” “Tales of the Argonauts and Other Sketches,” “A Waif of the Plains,” “Three Partners,” and “In the Hollow of the Hills.”

Henry Fawcett, a famous English political economist, was born at Salisbury, August 26, 1833, and died in Cambridge, November 6, 1884. His publications include: “Free Trade and Protection,” “Indian Finance,” etc. His celebrated work, “Manual of Political Economy,” won for him great fame.

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, an eminent German philosopher, was born at Stuttgart, August 27, 1770, and died at Berlin, November 14, 1831. Among his writings are: “On the Difference Between the Fichtean and Schellingian Systems,” “The Orbits of the Planets,” “Phenomenology of the Human Mind,” “System of Science,” “Principles of the Philosophy of Law, or the Law of Nature and Political Science,” “Encyclopædia of the Philosophical Sciences,” etc.[Pg 193]

François Elie Jules Lemaître, a famous French literary critic and dramatist, was born in Vennecy (Loiret), August 27, 1853, and died in 1914. He is the author of five volumes of literary biographies, “Contemporaries: Being Literary Studies and Portraits.” Among his plays are: “La Revoltée,” “Deputy Leveau,” “The Kings,” “The Pardon,” etc. Also: “Médallions” (poems), “Petites Orientales” (poems), “Corneille and Aristotle’s Poetics,” “Myrrha Stories.”

Barthold Georg Niebuhr, a great German historian, was born at Copenhagen, August 27, 1776, and died at Bonn, January 2, 1831. His writings include: “Roman History,” “Lectures on the History of Rome,” “Lectures on Ancient History,” “Grecian Heroic History,” “Minor Historical and Philological Writings,” etc.

Johann Wolfgang Goethe, one of the greatest poets the world has ever known, was born at Frankfort on the Main, August 28, 1749, and died at Weimar, March 22, 1832. His most famous works are: “Sorrows of Young Werther,” “Erwin and Elmira,” “Stella,” “Prometheus,” “Iphigenia,” “Tasso,” “Wilhelm Meister,” and[Pg 194] his greatest work, “Faust.” He also wrote: “Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship,” “Fiction and Truth,” “Hermann and Dorothea,” “Elective Affinities,” “Wilhelm Meister’s Years of Travel,” etc.

Sir Aubrey De Vere, a famous Irish poet, was born August 28, 1788, and died in 1846. Among his works are: “Julian, the Apostate: A Dramatic Poem,” “The Duke of Mercia: an Historical Drama,” “The Song of Faith, Devout Exercises and Sonnets,” “Mary Tudor: an Historical Drama,” was published after his death in 1847.

John Locke, an eminent English philosopher, was born at Wrington, near Bristol, August 29, 1632, and died at Oates (Essex), October 28, 1704. His philosophical writings include: “An Epistle on Tolerance,” “Essay Concerning Human Understanding,” “Two Treatises on Government,” etc. He also wrote: “Some Thoughts Concerning Reading and Study,” “Some Thoughts on Education,” “Elements of Natural Philosophy,” and many other works.

Frederick Denison Maurice, a celebrated English divine and theological and philosophical writer, was born[Pg 195] near Lowestoft, Suffolk, August 29, 1805, and died in London, April 1, 1872. Among his works are: “Ancient Philosophy,” “Theological Essays,” “Modern Philosophy,” “Mediæval Philosophy,” “The Friendship of Books,” etc., and a novel, “Eustace Conway.”

Oliver Wendell Holmes, a distinguished American man of letters, was born at Cambridge, Mass., August 29, 1809, and died at Boston, October 7, 1894. The most important of his works are: “Urania,” “The Iron Gate,” “Songs in Many Keys,” “Poems,” “Songs of Many Seasons,” “Elsie Venner,” “The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table,” “The Professor at the Breakfast Table,” “The Poet at the Breakfast Table,” “Soundings from the Atlantic,” “Our Hundred Days in Europe,” “John Lothrop Motley,” “A Mortal Antipathy,” “Ralph Waldo Emerson,” “Over the Teacups,” etc.

Maurice Maeterlinck, a celebrated Belgian poet, was born in Flanders, August 29, 1864. Among his works are: “The Seven Princesses,” “The Blind,” “The Intruder,” “The Treasure of the Humble,” “Hot-House Blooms,” “La Princesse Maleine,” “Alladine et Palomides,” “Douze Chansons,” “La Sagesse et la Destinée,” “Le Temple Enseveli,” “The Double Garden,” “The Blue Bird,” “La Mort,” “The Light Beyond,” etc.[Pg 196]

Jean de La Bruyère, a famous French moralist and satirist, was born in Paris, August 30 (?), 1645, and died at Versailles, May 10, 1696. His fame rests on his great work, “The Characters of Theophrastus, Translated from the Greek, with the Characters or Manners of this Century.”

Charles (James) Lever, a noted Irish novelist, was born at Dublin, August 31, 1806, and died at Trieste, June 1, 1872. He wrote: “Confessions of Harry Lorrequer,” “Charles O’Malley,” “Arthur O’Leary,” “Jack Hinton the Guardsman,” “Tom Burke of Ours,” “The O’Donoghue,” “Con Cregan,” “Roland Cashel,” “The Daltons, or Three Roads in Life,” “Luttrell of Arran,” “The Fortunes of Glencore,” “Davenport Dunn,” “Sir Brooke Fosbrooke,” “The Bramleighs of Bishop’s Folly,” “Lord Kilgobbin,” etc.

Théophile Gautier, a renowned French poet and novelist, was born in Tarbes, Hautes Pyrenees, August 31, 1811, and died near Paris, in 1872. Among his famous works may be mentioned: “Young France,” “Albertus,” “Poems,” “History of Romanticism,” “A Journey in Spain,” “Italy,” “Constantinople,” “Miltona,” “The Golden Fleece,” “Arria Marcella,” “Mademoiselle Dafne,” “The Nest of Nightingales,” “The Loving Dead,” “The Chain of Gold,” “Jean and Jeannette,” “The Tiger Skin,” “Spirite,” “Modern Art,” “The Arts in Europe,” etc., etc.[Pg 197]

FOOTNOTES:

SEPTEMBER

[Pg 198]

[Pg 199]

SEPTEMBER

Marguerite, Countess of Blessington, a distinguished Irish descriptive writer and novelist, was born in Knockbrit, Tipperary, September 1, 1789, and died in Paris, June 4, 1849. Among her works are: “The Idler in Italy,” “The Idler in France,” “Conversations with Lord Byron,” etc.

Lydia Huntley Sigourney, a noted American author, was born in Norwich, Conn., September 1, 1791, and died in Hartford, Conn., June 10, 1865. She wrote: “Letters to Young Ladies,” “Letters to Mothers,” “Scenes in My Native Land,” “Voice of Flowers,” “Letters to My Pupils,” “The Daily Councelor,” “Gleanings,” (poetry), “The Man of Uz, and Other Poems,” etc.

Ernst Curtius, a renowned German archæologist and historian, was born at Lubeck, September 2, 1814, and died[Pg 200] in 1896. He wrote: “Peloponnesus,” and his famous, “History of Greece.”

Eugene Field, a noted poet and humorous journalist, was born at St. Louis, Mo., September 2, 1850, and died November 4, 1895. He wrote: “The Love Affairs of a Bibliomaniac,” “The Holy Cross, and Other Tales,” “Love Songs of Childhood,” “A Little Book of Western Verse,” and “A Second Book of Verse.”

Robert South, a famous English divine, was born at Hackney, Middlesex, September 3, 1634, and died July 8, 1716. A collection of his sermons was published in 1692 in six volumes.

François René Auguste, Vicomte de Chateaubriand, a renowned French statesman, traveler, novelist and historical writer, was born at St. Malo, September 4, 1768, and died at Paris, July 4, 1848. Among his works are: “The Genius of Christianity” (his most famous work), “Atala,” “René,” and “The Natchez,” also “The Martyrs, or Triumph of the Christian Religion,” “A Journey from Paris to Jerusalem,” “An Essay on English Literature,” and translated Milton’s “Paradise Lost.[Pg 201]”

Christopher Martin Wieland, a celebrated German poet and prose-writer, was born in Oberholzheim, Suabia, September 5, 1733, and died January 20, 1813. He wrote: “Agathon,” “The New Amadis,” “The Golden Mirror,” and “Oberon,” his most famous work. He also translated the greater part of Shakespeare into German.

Giovanni Domenico Ruffini, a distinguished Italian littérateur, was born at Genoa, September 6, 1807, and died at Taggia, November 2, 1881. He published: “Lorenzo Benoni” (a romance), “Lavinia,” etc.; also, “Doctor Antonio,” his most famous book.

George Louis le Clerc, Comte de Buffon, a famous French naturalist, was born at Montbard, September 7, 1707, and died April 16, 1788. His “Natural History,” won for him world-wide fame.

Ludovico Ariosto, an illustrious Italian poet, was born at Reggio, September 8, 1474, and died at Ferrara, June 6, 1533. His most famous work is: “Orlando Furioso.”[Pg 202]

Richard Chenevix Trench, a noted Anglican archbishop and poet, was born at Dublin on September 9, 1807, and died March 28, 1886. He wrote: “The Story of Justin Martyr, and Other Poems,” “Sabbation,” “Honor Neale, and Other Poems,” “Poems from Eastern Sources,” “The Study of Words,” “English Past and Present,” “A Select Glossary of English Words,” “Notes on the Parables,” “Notes on the Miracles,” etc.

Count Lyof Alekséevich Tolstoi, the great Russian novelist, was born on the family estate of Yasnaya Polyana in the government of Tula, Russia, September 9, 1828, and died in 1910. His most celebrated works are: “In What My Faith Consists,” “Cossacks,” “Sevastopol,” “War and Peace,” “Master and Man,” “My Confession,” “The Kreutzer Sonata,” and “Anna Karénina.”

Philip Gilbert Hamerton, a distinguished English artist and art-writer, was born at Laneside, Lancashire, September 10, 1834; and died near Boulogne, France, November 5, 1894. Among his works are: “Etching and Etchers,” “Thoughts About Art,” “Painting in France,” “The Quest of Happiness,” “The Graphic Arts,” “Contemporary French Painters,” “Human Intercourse,” “The Intellectual Life,” and “A Painter’s Camp in the Highlands.[Pg 203]”

James Thomson, a famous Scotch poet, was born at Ednam, September 11, 1700, and died August 27, 1748. His most celebrated poems are: “The Seasons,” and “The Castle of Indolence.”

Joanna Baillie, a celebrated Scottish poet, was born in Bothwell, Lanarkshire, September 11, 1762, and died at Hampstead, England, February 23, 1851. She wrote: “Plays on the Passions,” and numerous poems and songs.

Charles Dudley Warner, an eminent American journalist and miscellaneous writer, was born at Plainfield, Mass., September 12, 1829, and died in 1900. Among his noted works are: “My Summer in a Garden,” “Backlog Studies,” “My Winter on the Nile,” “Life of Captain John Smith,” “Washington Irving,” “A Roundabout Journey,” “Their Pilgrimage,” “Book of Eloquence,” “A Little Journey in the World,” “As We Were Saying,” “The Golden House,” “The Relation of Literature to Life,” “Studies in the South and West, with Comments on Canada,” “That Fortune,” etc. In collaboration with[Pg 204] Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain) he wrote: “The Gilded Age.” He was editor of the “American Men of Letters” series, and of “The Library of the World’s Best Literature.”

William Sharp, a distinguished British critic and man of letters, was born September 12, 1856, and died in 1905. Among his works are: “Humanity and Man,” “The Conqueror’s Dream, and Other Poems,” “Dante Gabriel Rossetti,” “Shakespeare’s Songs, Poems, and Sonnets,” “Sonnets of this Century,” “Shelley,” “Romantic Ballads,” “Sospiri di Roma,” “Flower o’ the Vine,” “Sospiri d’ Italia,” etc.

Julius Charles Hare, a famous English divine and theological writer, was born at Valdagno, Italy, September 13, 1795, and died in England, January 23, 1855. He wrote: “Mission of the Comforter,” “The Contest with Rome,” “Vindication of Luther,” and conjointly with A. W. Hare, “Guesses at Truth.”

Alexander von Humboldt, a renowned German scientist, was born in Berlin, September 14, 1769, and died there May 6, 1859. He wrote: “Voyages to the Equinoctial Re[Pg 205]gions of the New Continent,” “Observations on Zoölogy and Comparative Anatomy,” “View of the Cordilleras and of the Monuments of the Indigenous Races of America,” and “Cosmos,” his most celebrated work.

Phoebe Cary, a noted American poetess and prose-writer, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, September 14, 1824, and died in Newport, Rhode Island, July 31, 1871. With her sister, she published many books, among them, “Poems of Faith, Hope, and Love,” and “Poems and Parodies.”

François, Duc de la Rochefoucauld, an illustrious French classicist and philosopher, was born at Paris, September 15, 1613, and died there March 17, 1680. His most celebrated works were: “Reflections, or Moral Sentences and Maxims,” better known as “Maxims,” and his “Memoirs.”

James Fenimore Cooper, a famous American novelist, and historian, was born in Burlington, N. J., September 15, 1789, and died at Cooperstown, N. Y., September 14, 1851. A few of his celebrated novels are: “The Spy,” “The Pilot,” “Precaution,” “The Pioneers,” “The Last of the Mohicans,” “The Prairie,” “The Red Rover,” “The Water-Witch,” “Homeward Bound,” “The Pathfinder,” “The Deerslayer,” “The Redskins,” “The Ways of the Hour,” etc.[Pg 206]

William Augustus Muhlenberg, a noted American philanthropist and Protestant Episcopal clergyman, was born in Philadelphia, Penn., September 16, 1796, and died in New York, April, 1877. He wrote: “A Plea for Christian Hymns,” and many well-known hymns, among them: “Saviour Who Thy Flock Art Feeding,” “Shout the Glad Tidings,” and “I Would Not Live Alway.”

Francis Parkman, an eminent American historian, was born at Boston, September 16, 1823, and died at Jamaica Plain, Mass., November 8, 1893. He wrote: “The Oregon Trail: Prairie and Rocky Mountain Life,” “History of the Conspiracy of Pontiac,” “The Pioneers of France in the New World,” “The Jesuits in North America,” “La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West,” “The Old Régime in Canada,” “Count Frontenac and New France under Louis XIV,” “Montcalm and Wolfe,” and “A Half-Century of Conflict.”

Hamlin Garland, a celebrated American story writer, was born in La Crosse, Wis., September 16, 1860. His works include: “Main Traveled Roads,” “A Spoil of Office,” “Prairie Folks,” “Prairie Songs,” “Crumbling Idols,[Pg 207]” “A Little Norsk,” “Rose of Dutcher’s Coolly,” “Jason Edwards,” “The Eagle’s Heart,” “Her Mountain Lover,” “Hesper,” “The Light of the Star,” “The Long Trail,” “Money Magic,” “The Shadow World,” “Victor Olnee’s Discipline,” “Other Main Traveled Roads,” “A Son of the Middle Border,” etc.

Alfred Noyes, a noted English writer, was born at Staffordshire, September 16, 1880. He has written, “Robin Hood,” “Tales of the Mermaid Tavern,” “The Winepress,” “The Sea in English Poetry,” “A Salute from the Fleet,” “The Flower of Old Japan,” “Poems,” “Forty Singing Seamen,” “Walking Shadows,” “The Elfin Artist,” (New Poems).

John Foster, a famous English author, and dissenting minister, best known as the “Essayist,” was born near Halifax, Yorkshire, September 17, 1770, and died October 15, 1843. His fame rests chiefly on his celebrated “Essays.” He also wrote: “Essay on Popular Ignorance,” “Discourse on Missions,” etc.

Samuel Johnson, a renowned English critic, essayist, lexicographer, and poet, was born in Lichfield, September 18, 1709, and died in London, December 13, 1784. Among his many works may be mentioned: “Life of Richard Savage,” “The Vanity of Human Wishes,” “Life of Dryden,[Pg 208]” “Plan for a Dictionary,” “The Rambler,” “Irene,” “The Idler,” “Shakespeare with Notes,” “The False Alarm,” “Taxation no Tyranny,” “Rasselas,” “English Poets,” etc.

John Townsend Trowbridge, a celebrated American poet, novelist and general writer, was born in Ogden, N. Y., September 18, 1827, and died in 1916. He has written: “Martin Merrivale,” “Neighbor Jackwood,” “The Old Battle Ground,” “The Drummer Boy,” “The Three Scouts,” “Coupon Bonds,” “The Story of Columbus,” “The Jack Hazard Series,” “The Silver Medal Series,” “The Emigrant’s Story, and Other Poems,” “At Sea,” “The Pewee,” “Hearts and Faces,” “The Vagabonds,” “The Book of Gold, and Other Poems,” “The Start in Life Series,” “The Tide Mill Series,” “Poetical Works,” “My Own Story,” etc.

Clinton Scollard, a popular American poet and author, was born in New York, September 18, 1860. He has published: “Pictures in Song,” “Old and New World Lyrics,” “Under Summer Skies,” “Lyrics and Legends of Christmastide,” “Odes and Elegies,” “From the Lips of the Sea,” “Poems—A Selection from the Harvest of Thirty Years of Song,” “A Christmas Garland,” “A Knight of the Highway,” “A Son of a Tory,” “The Lutes of Morn,” “Lyrics of the Dawn,” “Footfaring,” etc.[Pg 209]

Henry Peter Brougham, Lord Brougham, a distinguished British statesman and author, was born in Edinburgh, September 19, 1778, and died at Cannes, France, May 7, 1868. His most important works are: “Lives of Men of Letters and Science,” “Speeches,” and “Sketches of the Statesmen of the Time of George III.”

Hartley Coleridge, a celebrated English poet, and man of letters, (son of Samuel Taylor Coleridge), was born at Bristol, September 19, 1796, and died in 1849. His writings include: “Biographia Borealis,” “The Worthies of Yorkshire and Lancashire,” “Essays and Marginalia,” and some exquisite sonnets, published in the London Magazine.

Sir Charles Sedley, a noted English dramatist, was born at Aylesford in Kent, September 20, 1639, and died August 20, 1701. Besides his tragedies and comedies, he wrote a famous song, “Phyllis.”

John Home, a well-known Scotch dramatist, was born in Leith, near Edinburgh, September 21, 1722, and died at[Pg 210] Merchiston near Edinburgh, September 5, 1808. His most celebrated plays are: “Alfred,” “The Fatal Discovery,” “Agis,” and his tragedy, “Douglas.” He also wrote, “History of the Rebellion in Scotland in 1755-56.”

Edmund William Gosse, a famous English poet, essayist, and critic, was born in London, September 21, 1849. He has written: “On Viol and Flute,” “The Unknown Lover,” “Madrigals, Songs, and Sonnets,” “Life of Jeremy Taylor,” “French Profiles,” “Coventry Patmore,” “Life of Sir Thomas Browne,” “Father and Son,” “Henrik Ibsen,” “Two Visits to Denmark,” “Portraits and Studies,” “Collected Essays” (5 vols.), “Life of Swinburne,” “Lord Redesdale’s Further Memories,” “Three French Moralists,” “Diversions of a Man of Letters,” “Malherbe,” etc.

Herbert George Wells, a distinguished English author, was born at Bromley, Kent, September 21, 1868. Among his many works may be mentioned: “The Wheels of Chance,” “Certain Personal Matters,” (essays), “The War of the Worlds,” “The Sleeper Awakes,” “Love and Mr. Lewisham,” “Anticipations,” “The Sea Lady,” “Mankind in the Making,” “The Food of the Gods,” “A Modern Utopia,” “The War in the Air,” “Ann Veronica,” “The[Pg 211] New Machiavelli,” “Marriage,” “The Passionate Friends,” “An Englishman Looks at the World,” “The World Set Free,” “The Peace of the World,” “The Research Magnificent,” “What is Coming?” “Mr. Britling Sees it Through,” “The Soul of a Bishop,” “Joan and Peter,” “The Come Back,” etc.

Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield, a famous English man of affairs and of the world, was born in London, September 22, 1694, and died March 24, 1773. His “Letters to His Son” won for him everlasting literary fame.

Theodore Edward Hook, a famous English wit and novelist, was born in London, September 22, 1788, and died August 24, 1841. He wrote: “Macwell,” “Gilbert Gurney,” “Gurney Married,” “Births, Deaths and Marriages.” “His Sayings and Doings,” were published in 1824, 1825 and in 1828.

Jane Porter, a distinguished English novelist, was born at Durham, September 23, 1776, and died at Bristol,[Pg 212] May 24, 1850. Among her stories are: “Thaddeus of Warsaw,” “The Scottish Chiefs,” “The Pastor’s Fireside,” etc.

Hjalmar Hjorth Boyesen, a celebrated American novelist, was born at Frederiksvarn, Norway, September 23, 1848, and died in New York, October 4, 1895. He has written: “Idyls of Norway and Other Poems,” “Tales from Two Hemispheres,” “Ilka on the Hilltop and Other Stories,” “A Norseman’s Pilgrimage,” “Gunnar,” and “A Daughter of the Philistines.”

Samuel Rutherford Crockett, a distinguished Scotch novelist, was born in Little Duchrae, Galloway, September 24, 1862, and died in 1914. He has written “The Stickit Minister,” “The Lilac Sun-Bonnet,” “Lad’s Love,” “Joan of the Sword Hand,” “The Dark o’ the Moon,” “The Banner of Blue,” “An Adventure in Spain,” “Maid Margaret,” “Cherry Riband,” “Flower o’ the Corn,” “Kit Kennedy,” “The Red Axe,” “The Bloom of the Heather,” “The White Plume of Navarre,” “Anne of the Barricades,” “Patsy,” “Sandy,” etc.[Pg 213]

Felicia Dorothea Browne Hemans, a noted English-Irish poet, was born in Liverpool, September 25, 1793, and died at Redesdale, near Dublin, May 16, 1835. Her most famous works are: “Tales and Historic Scenes in Verse,” “Songs of the Cid,” “Lays of Many Lands,” “The Siege of Valencia, the Last Constantine,” and “Domestic Affections.”

Thomas Chandler Haliburton (Sam Slick), a famous Canadian author, was born at Windsor, Nova Scotia, September 26 (?), 1796, and died near London, August 27, 1865. He is best known by his famous “Sam Slick” papers.

Jacques Bénigne Bossuet, a renowned French theologian, was born at Dijon, September 27, 1627, and died April 12, 1704. He wrote: “Discourse upon Universal History Down to the Empire of Charlemagne,” “History of the Variations of the Protestant Churches,” and the “Defense of the Famous Declaration Which the Gallican Clergy Approved Regarding the Power of the Church.” His “Complete Works,” in 46 volumes, were published 1815-19.[Pg 214]

Epes Sargent, a celebrated American journalist, author and dramatist, was born in Gloucester, Mass., September 27, 1813, and died in Boston, December 31, 1880. His works include: “Change Makes Change,” “The Priestess,” “Wealth and Worth,” “Peculiar: A Tale of the Great Transition,” “Songs of the Sea,” “Life of Henry Clay,” “A Life on the Ocean Wave,” etc.

Henri Frédéric Amiel, an eminent Swiss essayist, poet, and philosophical critic, was born at Geneva, September 27, 1821, and died there, March 11, 1881. His writings include: “Millet Grains,” “Study on Mme. de Staël,” “The Literary Movement in Romanish Switzerland,” etc. His famous “Journal” appeared after his death.

William Julius Mickle, a noted Scottish poet, was born at Langholm, Dumfriesshire, September 28, 1735, and died[Pg 215] at Forest Hill, October 28, 1788. He wrote: “Syr Martyn,” “Almada Hill,” “Cumnor Hall,” etc.

Prosper Mérimée, a renowned French essayist and litterateur, was born at Paris, September 28, 1803, and died at Cannes, September 23, 1870. He wrote: “Historic Monuments,” “Historic and Literary Medleys,” “Mateo Falcone,” “Guzla,” “Plays of Clara Gazul,” and his most celebrated works: “Colomba” and “Carmen.”

Francis Turner Palgrave, a distinguished English poet and art critic, was born September 28, 1824, and died in 1897. He wrote: “Essays on Art,” “Lyrical Poems,” “The Visions of England,” “The Life of Jesus Christ Illustrated from the Italian painters of the 14th, 15th and 16th Centuries,” “Idylls and Songs,” “Hymns,” “Amenophis and Other Poems,” “The Golden Treasury,” etc.

Mrs. Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell, a famous English novelist, was born in Chelsea, September 29, 1810, and died November 12, 1865. Among her notable works are: “Mary Barton,” “Ruth,” “Lizzie Leigh,” “Sylvia’s Lovers,” “Wives and Daughters,” “The Life of Charlotte Brontë,” and “Cranford,” her most celebrated work.[Pg 216]

Richard Brinsley Sheridan, the renowned British dramatist and parliamentary orator, was born in Dublin, September 30, 1751, and died at London, July 7, 1816. His dramatic works include: “The Rivals,” “The School for Scandal,” “The Critic,” and “The Duenna.” His most famous speeches are: “The Perfumery Speech” and the “Begum Speech.”

Hermann Sudermann, a celebrated German novelist and dramatist, was born at Matziken, East Prussia, September 30, 1857. Among his works are: “Dame Care,” “In the Twilight,” “Honor,” “The Cat Bridge,” “The Destruction of Sodom,” “Brothers and Sisters,” “Home,” “Battle of the Butterflies,” “Iolanthe’s Wedding,” “Once on a Time,” “The Undying Past,” “Das Hohe Lied,” “Strand-kinder,” “The Indian Lily,” “Der gute Ruf,” etc.[Pg 217]

FOOTNOTES:

OCTOBER

[Pg 218]

[Pg 219]

OCTOBER

Henry St. John, Viscount Bolingbroke, a distinguished English statesman, author, and orator, was born at Battersea, October 1, 1678, and died there, December 12, 1751. His principal works are: “Letters on the Spirit of Patriotism,” “Letters on the Study of History,” “The Idea of a Patriot King,” and “A Dissertation on Parties.”

Rufus Choate, an eminent American lawyer, orator and statesman, was born at Essex, Mass., October 1, 1799, and died at Halifax, N. S., July 13, 1859. His “Works” (2 vols.) were published in 1863.

Theodore Tilton, a noted American journalist, lecturer, editor, and verse-writer, was born in New York City, October 2, 1835, and died in 1907. He wrote: “Thou and I,” “The Sexton’s Tale, and Other Poems,” “Suabian[Pg 220] Stories,” “Tempest-Tossed,” “Sanctum Sanctorum: or An Editor’s Proof Sheets,” etc.

George Bancroft, a famous American historian and statesman, was born in Worcester, Mass., October 3, 1800, and died in Washington, D. C., January 17, 1891. His most famous work is the “History of the United States.”

Pasquale Villari, a distinguished Italian historian, was born at Naples, October 3, 1827, and died in 1914. His principal works are: “Niccolo Machiavelli and His Times,” “Ancient Legends and Traditions Illustrating the Divine Comedy,” “Essays Critical, Historical and Literary,” “Teaching History,” “The School and the Social Question in Italy.”

François Guizot, an illustrious French historian and statesman, was born at Nîmes, October 4, 1787, and died at Val Richer, near Lisieux, September 12, 1874. He wrote: “History of the English Revolution,” “Corneille and his Time,” “The History of Civilization in Europe,” “The History of Civilization in France,” “Memoirs,” “Shakes[Pg 221]peare and His Times,” “History of France for my Grandchildren,” etc.

Jonathan Edwards, a famous American divine and theological writer, was born in East Windsor, Conn., October 5, 1703, and died at Princeton, N. J., March 22, 1758. Among his works may be mentioned: “The Great Christian Doctrine of Original Sin Defended,” “An Inquiry into the Modern Prevailing Notions Respecting that Freedom of the Will which Is Supposed to Be Essential to Moral Agency,” “A Dissertation Concerning the End for which God Created the World,” and “The Nature of True Virtue.”

Denis Diderot, a famous French philosopher and encyclopædist, was born at Langres, October 5, 1713, and died July 31, 1784. He wrote: “Philosophic Reflections,” “A Skeptic’s Walk,” “The Nun,” “Rameau’s Nephew,” “Little Papers,” etc.

Horace Walpole, a famous English author and letter-writer, was born in London, October 5, 1717, and died there March 2, 1797. His works include: “Anecdotes of Painters in England,” “The Castle of Otranto,” “Historic Doubts on the Life and Reign of Richard III,” “The Mys[Pg 222]terious Mother,” “Memoirs of the Last Ten Years of the Reign of George II,” etc. His chief fame rests upon his celebrated letters, 9 vols., which were published in 1857-59.

John Addington Symonds, a distinguished English critic and historian of literature, was born at Bristol, October 5, 1840, and died at Rome, April 19, 1893. He wrote: “Studies of the Greek Poets,” “Sketches in Italy and Greece,” “Introduction to the Study of Dante,” “Shakespeare’s Predecessors,” “Sketches and Studies in Italy,” and his greatest work: “The Renaissance in Italy.”

George Henry Boker, a noted American poet and dramatist, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., October 6, 1823, and died there January 2, 1890. His plays include: “Anne Boleyn,” “The Betrothed,” “Calaynos,” “All the World’s a Mask,” and “Francesca da Rimini.” Also, “Poems of the War,” “Sonnets,” “Königsmark and Other Poems,” etc.

James Whitcomb Riley, a celebrated American poet, was born at Greenfield, Ind., October 7, 1853, and died July 22, 1916. Among his writings are: “The Old Swimmin’ Hole and ’Leven More Poems,” “Green Fields and Running Brooks,” “Child Rhymes,” “Love Lyrics,” “The Golden Year,” “Songs of Summer,” “The Rose,” “The Riley Baby Book,” “Songs of Friendship,” “Songs of Cheer,” “Old Schoolday Romances,” “Songs of Home,[Pg 223]” “Down Around the River and Other Poems,” “A Summer’s Day and Other Poems,” “All the Year Round,” “Knee-Deep in June and Other Poems,” “The Prayer-Perfect and Other Poems,” “A Song of Long Ago,” “When My Dreams Come True,” “Away,” “Do They Miss Me?” “Friendship,” etc.

John Hay, a famous American poet and prose-writer, was born in Salem, Ind., October 8, 1838, and died in 1905. His literary fame rests on his famous “Pike County Ballads.”

Edmund Clarence Stedman, a distinguished American man of letters, was born in Hartford, Conn., October 8, 1833, and died in 1908. He wrote: “Nature and Elements of Poetry,” “Poets of America,” “Victorian Anthology,” “Victorian Poets,” “Poems Now First Collected,” etc.

Elizabeth Akers Allen, a noted American poet, was born at Strong, Me., October 9, 1832, and died in 1911. She wrote: “The Silver Bridge and Other Poems,” and a[Pg 224] volume of “Poems,” the best known among them being: “Rock Me to Sleep, Mother.”

George Pope Morris, a celebrated American journalist and song-writer, was born in Philadelphia, October 10, 1802, and died in New York City, July 6, 1864. He wrote: “Poems,” “The Little Frenchman,” “Briercliff,” and his famous song, “Woodman Spare That Tree.”

Hugh Miller, a distinguished Scottish geologist, was born at Cromarty, October 11, 1802, and died near Edinburgh, December 2, 1856. His most notable works are: “The Old Red Sandstone,” “Footprints of the Creator,” “Testimony of the Rocks,” “Poems,” “Scenes and Legends of the North of Scotland,” etc.

George Washington Cable, a famous American novelist, was born in New Orleans, La., October 12, 1844. He has written: “The Silent South,” “The Creoles of Louisiana,” “Old Creole Days,” “Dr. Sevier,” “Strange True Stories of Louisiana,” “The Busy Man’s Bible,[Pg 225]” “John March, Southerner,” “The Negro Question,” “Strong Hearts,” “Kincaid’s Battery,” “Gideon’s Band,” “The Amateur Garden,” etc.

William Motherwell, a Scottish poet and antiquary of great fame, was born at Glasgow, October 13, 1797, and died there, November 1, 1835. His most famous works are: “Minstrelsy, Ancient and Modern,” and “Poems, Narrative and Lyrical.”

Thomas Haynes Bayly, a noted English poet and novelist, was born in Bath, October 13, 1797, and died at Cheltenham, April 22, 1839. He wrote 36 dramas, including among them: “The Aylmers,” “Perfection,” and “The Legend of Killarney.”

William Penn, a distinguished writer, and the founder of Pennsylvania, was born at London, October 14, 1644, and died July 30, 1718. Among his notable works were: “A Sandy Foundation Shaken,” “Truth Exalted,” “No Cross, No Crown,” “Reasonableness of Toleration,” and “Primitive Christianity Revived in the Faith and Practice of the People Called Quakers.[Pg 226]”

Thomas Osborne Davis, a famous Irish poet and journalist was born in Mallow, County Cork, October 14, 1814, and died in Dublin, September 15, 1845. His “Poems” and his “Literary and Historical Essays” were collected in 1846.

Allan Ramsay, an eminent Scottish poet, was born in Leadhills, Lanarkshire, October 15, 1686, and died in Edinburgh, January 7, 1758. His most noted works are: “Fables and Tales,” “Tartana; or, The Plaid,” “The Evergreen,” “Fair Assembly,” “The Tea-Table Miscellany,” “Health,” “Thirty Fables,” and “Gentle Shepherd,” his most celebrated work.

Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish poet and author, was born in Dublin, October 15, 1856, and died in 1900. Among his works are: “Poems,” “The Picture of Dorian Gray,” “The Happy Prince and Other Tales,” etc.; also three noted plays: “Lady Windermere’s Fan,” “A Woman of No Importance,” and “The Importance of Being Earnest.”

John Tillotson, a distinguished English archbishop, was born in Sowerby, Yorkshire, October 16, 1630, and died in London, November 22, 1694. His manuscript sermons were published after his death, with the “Rule of Faith,” by Ralph Barker.[Pg 227]

Noah Webster, the eminent American lexicographer and journalist, was born at West Hartford, Conn., October 16, 1758, and died in New Haven, May 28, 1843. He published “Sketches of American Policy,” “Philosophical and Practical Grammar of the English Language,” “A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language,” and his magnum opus, “American Dictionary of the English Language.”

Sir John Bowring, a famous English author and diplomat, was born in Exeter, October 17, 1792, and died there, November 23, 1872. Among his writings are: “Specimens of the Polish Poets,” “Specimens of the Russian Poets,” “Ancient Poetry and Romances of Spain,” “Servian Popular Poetry,” “The Flowery Scroll: A Chinese Novel,” “The Kingdom and People of Siam,” “Cheskian Anthology,” and “A Visit to the Philippine Islands.”

Frederic Harrison, a renowned English essayist, and publicist, was born in London, October 18, 1831. He wrote: “Order and Progress,” “The Study of History,” “Oliver Cromwell,” “The Meaning of History,” “Choice of Books,” “Annals of an Old Manor House,” “Chatham,[Pg 228]” “Life of Ruskin,” “Memories and Thoughts,” “Carlyle and the London Library,” “My Alpine Jubilee,” “National and Social Problems,” “Among My Books,” “The Positive Evolution of Religion,” “Autobiographic Memoirs,” “The German Peril,” “On Society,” “Jurisprudence and Conflict of Nations,” “Obiter Scripta,” “Novissima Verba,” etc.

Helen Fiske Jackson (“H. H.”), a noted American poet and miscellaneous writer, was born October 18, 1831, and died in 1885. Among her publications are: “Poems,” “Bits of Talk,” “Hetty’s Strange History,” “A Century of Dishonor,” and “Ramona,” her most famous work.

Sir Thomas Browne, a celebrated English antiquary and physician, was born in London, October 19, 1605, and died in 1682. His principal work is “Religio Medici.” After his death a collection of his fugitive pieces was published, followed by “Christian Morals,” a collection of aphorisms.

John Adams, an illustrious American statesman and publicist, and second President of the United States, was[Pg 229] born at Braintree (now Quincy), Massachusetts, October 19, 1735, and died there, July 4, 1826. His most celebrated work was: “Defence of the Constitution and Government of the United States.”

Leigh Hunt, a famous English poet, critic, and essayist, was born in Southgate, October 19, 1784; and died at Putney, August 28, 1859. The most important of his works are: “The Story of Rimini,” “Recollections of Byron,” “A Legend of Florence,” and “Sir Ralph Esher.”

Robert Pollok, a noted Scottish poet, was born at North Moorhouse, Renfrewshire, October 19, 1798, and died September 17, 1827. He published “Tales of the Covenanters,” and his famous poem, “The Course of Time.”

Thomas Hughes, a celebrated English essayist and story-writer, was born at Donnington Priory, near Newbury, October 20, 1823, and died in 1896. He wrote: “Our Old Church: What Shall We Do With It?” “Rugby,” “The Manliness of Christ,” and his two celebrated works, “Tom Brown’s School Days,” and “Tom Brown at Oxford.[Pg 230]”

George Colman, the Younger, a famous English dramatist and humorous poet, was born in London (?), October 21, 1762, and died there October 17, 1836. He wrote: “Broad Grins,” “Poetic Vagaries,” etc. Among his comedies are: “The Iron Chest,” “John Bull,” and “The Heir-at-Law.”

Samuel Taylor Coleridge, a renowned English poet and philosopher, was born at Ottery, St. Mary, Devonshire, October 21, 1772, and died July 25, 1834. Among his famous works are: “Fall of Robespierre” (a play), “Moral and Political Lecture Delivered at Bristol,” “Conciones ad Populum,” “The Plot Discovered,” “Poems on Various Subjects,” “The Destiny of Nations,” “Ode to the Departing Year,” “Pears in Solitude,” “Wallenstein,” “Remorse, a Tragedy,” “Biographia Literaria,” “Aids to Reflection,” etc. “The Ancient Mariner,” was published in 1798, in a volume of “Lyrical Ballads,” with Wordsworth.

Alphonse Marie Louis de Lamartine, an eminent French poet, was born at Milly, near Macon, October 21, 1790, and died at Passy, March 1, 1869. His greatest works were: “Poetic and Religious Harmonies,” “Jocelyn,” “Poetical Meditations,” “New Poetical Meditations,” “History of the Girondins,” “The Fall of an Angel,” “Confidences,” “New Confidences,” and the “History of the Restoration.[Pg 231]”

Samuel Francis Smith, a noted American clergyman and hymn-writer, was born in Boston, October 21, 1808, and died in 1895. He wrote: “Mythology and Early Greek History,” “Knights and Sea Kings,” “Poor Boys Who Became Great,” and his famous hymn, “America.”

Sir Philip Francis, a celebrated Irish-English public man and writer, was born in Dublin, October 22, 1740, and died in London, December 23, 1818. He won celebrity by the “Letters” signed “Junius,” which appeared in the Public Advertiser of London, from 1768 to 1772.

Robert Bridges, a renowned English author and poet, was born October 23, 1844. He has been poet-laureate of England since 1913. He has written: “Essay on Milton’s Prosody,” “Critical Essay on Keats,” “The Growth of Love,” “Eros and Psyche,” “Prometheus the Firegiver,” “Demeter, a Masque,” “The Spirit of Man: An Anthology in English and French,” “Ibant Obscuri,” and some notable plays, among them: “Nero” (Parts I and II), “Palicio,” “Ulysses,” “Christian Captives,” “Achilles in Scyros,” “Humours of the Court,” “Feast of Bacchus,” etc.[Pg 232]

George Edward Bateman Saintsbury, an eminent English critic and literary historian, was born at Southampton, October 23, 1845. Among his numerous works are: “Primer of French Literature,” “Short History of French Literature,” “Marlborough,” “Elizabethan Literature,” “Essays in English Literature,” “Essays on French Novelists,” “Nineteenth Century Literature,” “Sir Walter Scott,” “A Short History of English Literature,” “Matthew Arnold,” “History of Criticism and Literary Taste in Europe,” “History of English Prosody,” “History of English Criticism,” “The English Novel,” “First Book of English Literature,” “A History of the French Novel,” Vol. 1 (1917) and Vol. 2 (1919).

Sir James Mackintosh, a distinguished Scottish lawyer, philosopher, and politician, was born at Aldourie, Inverness-shire, October 24, 1765, and died in London, May 30, 1832. Among his writings are: “History of England,” “Life of Sir Thomas More,” “Modern British Essayists,” and “Dissertation on the Progress of Ethical Philosophy.”

James Beattie, a noted Scottish poet, was born in Laurencekirk, Kincardineshire, October 25, 1735, and died in[Pg 233] Aberdeen, August 18, 1803. His writings include: “The Minstrel,” “Dissertations Moral and Critical,” “The Evidences of the Christian Religion Briefly and Plainly Stated,” “The Elements of Moral Science,” and his famous “Essay on Truth.”

Thomas Babington, Lord Macaulay, a renowned English historian, essayist, poet and statesman, was born at Rothley Temple, Leicestershire, October 25, 1800, and died at Kensington, December 28, 1859. His most famous works are: “Lays of Ancient Rome,” and the “History of England.”

Charles Sprague, a noted American poet, was born in Boston, October 26, 1791, and died there, January 22, 1875. He wrote: “The Family Meeting,” “The Winged Worshippers,” and “Curiosity.” A collection of his works entitled “Poetical and Prose Writings,” was published in 1841.

James Macpherson, a famous Scottish author, known as the author of the “Ossian” poems, was born at Ruthven,[Pg 234] Inverness-shire, October 27, 1736, and died February 17, 1796. He published the “Poems of Ossian,” consisting of “Fingal, an Epic Poem in Six Books” (1762), “Temora, an Epic Poem in Eight Books” (1764); he also wrote: “History of Great Britain” (1775).

Theodore Roosevelt, a celebrated American politician and author, and twenty-sixth President of the United States, was born in New York City, October 27, 1858, and died January 6, 1918. He has written: “Essays on Practical Politics,” “The Naval War of 1812,” “Life of Thomas Hart Benton,” “The Wilderness Hunter,” “The Winning of the West,” “Gouverneur Morris,” “Ranch Life and Hunting Trail,” “History of New York City,” “Hunting Trips of a Ranchman,” “The Outdoor Pastimes of an American Hunter,” “African Game Trails,” “Theodore Roosevelt: an Autobiography,” “History as Literature,” “Life History of African Big Game,” “A Hunter Naturalist in the Brazilian Wilderness,” “Fear God and Take Your Own Part,” “A Book Lover’s Holiday in the Open,” “The Foes of Our Own Household,” etc.

Adam Lindsay Gordon (Lionel Gordon), a noted Australian poet, was born October 28, 1833, and died June 24, 1870. His volumes of verse include: “Sea Spray and Smoke Drift,” “Ashtaroth: A Dramatic Lyric,” “Bush Ballads and Galloping Rhymes.[Pg 235]”

James Boswell, a famous Scottish biographer, was born in Edinburgh, October 29, 1740, and died in London, May 19, 1795. He wrote: “An Account of Corsica and Memoirs of Pascal Paoli,” “Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides with Samuel Johnson,” etc. His “Life of Dr. Samuel Johnson” is considered the most interesting biography that has ever been written.

André Marie de Chénier, a renowned French poet, was born at Constantinople, October 30, 1762, and died July 25, 1794. Among his writings were: “Liberty,” “Invention,” “Dithyrambic on the Tennis Play,” and a beautiful elegy, “The Girl Captive.”

Adelaide Anne Procter, an English poetess of great fame, was born at London, October 30, 1825, and died February 3, 1864. Her celebrated “Legends and Lyrics,” went through many editions.

John Evelyn, a renowned English diarist, was born at Wotton, in Surrey, October 31, 1620, and died February[Pg 236] 27, 1706. His writings are: “A Parallel of Ancient and Modern Architecture,” “Sculptura, or the History and Art of Chalcography and Engraving on Copper,” “Sylva,” etc.; also his famous “Diary.”

John Keats, an eminent English poet, was born in London, October 31, 1795, and died in Rome, 1821. He wrote: “Endymion, a Poetic Romance,” “Lamia, Isabella, the Eve of St. Agnes, and Other Poems,” including, also, the unfinished epic, “Hyperion.” “The Letters of John Keats to Fanny Brawne” appeared in 1878, and the “Letters to His Family and Friends” in 1891.

William Cowper Prime, a distinguished American man of letters, was born at Cambridge, N. Y., October 31, 1825, and died in 1905. He wrote: “Owl Creek Letters,” “The Old House by the River,” “Later Years,” “Tent Life in the Holy Land,” “Boat Life in Egypt and Nubia,” “The Holy Cross,” “Pottery and Porcelain of All Times and Nations,” etc. He also wrote the famous hymn, “O, Mother Dear, Jerusalem.[Pg 237]”

FOOTNOTES:

NOVEMBER

[Pg 238]

[Pg 239]

NOVEMBER

Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, an eminent French critic and poet, was born in Paris, November 1, 1636, and died March 13, 1711. A few of his noted works are: “The Art of Poetry,” “The Farewell of a Poet to the City of Paris,” and his masterpiece, “The Reading Desk.”

William Haines Lytle, a distinguished American general and poet, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, November 2, 1826, and was killed at the Battle of Chickamauga, Tenn., September 20, 1863. His best-known poems are “Antony to Cleopatra,” and “Jacqueline.”

Benvenuto Cellini, a famous Italian sculptor, metal-worker, and writer of memoirs, was born in Florence, November 3, 1500, and died there, February 13, 1571. His[Pg 240] “Autobiography” won for him an important place in letters.

William Cullen Bryant, the celebrated American poet, was born in Cummington, Mass., November 3, 1794, and died in New York, June 12, 1878. His poetical works include: “The Yellow Violet,” “Poems,” “To a Water-fowl,” “The Ages,” “The West Wind,” “June,” “The Fountain and Other Poems,” “Death of the Flowers,” “The White-Footed Deer and Other Poems,” “The Flood of Years,” and his famous “Thanatopsis.” He also wrote: “Letters of a Traveler,” “Letters from the East,” “Letters from Spain,” etc.

Augustus Montague Toplady, a distinguished Anglican divine, was born November 4, 1740, and died August 11, 1778. He is chiefly known as a writer of hymns and poems including: “Rock of Ages,” and the collections entitled, “Poems on Sacred Subjects.”

James Montgomery, a noted English poet and hymn-writer, was born at Irvine, Ayrshire, Scotland, November[Pg 241] 4, 1771, and died at Sheffield, England, April 30, 1854. He wrote: “The World Before the Flood,” “The West Indies,” “Greenland,” “Original Hymns,” “Prose by a Poet,” etc.

Hans Sachs, the famous German meistersinger, was born at Nuremberg, November 5, 1494, and died January 19 or 20, 1576. A complete collection of his works has never been published.

Washington Allston, a renowned American painter, poet, and romancer, was born at Waccamaw, S. C., November 5, 1779, and died at Cambridge, Mass., July 9, 1843. He wrote: “The Sylph of the Seasons and Other Poems,” “Monaldi,” “Lectures on Art and Poems,” etc.

Ella Wheeler Wilcox, a popular American poet, was born at Johnstown Centre, Wis., November 5, 1845, and died October 31, 1919. Among her volumes are: “Maurine,” “Poems of Passion,” “Poems of Pleasure,” etc. She is best known for her poem, “The Way of the World.”[Pg 242]

Colley Cibber, a noted English dramatist, was born in London, November 6, 1671, and died there, December 12, 1757. Among his dramatic works are: “Love’s Last Shift,” “She Would and She Would Not,” “The Careless Husband,” and “Love Makes a Man.”

William Black, a celebrated Scottish novelist, was born November 6, 1841, and died in 1898. Among his popular novels are: “Love or Marriage,” “In Silk Attire,” “A Daughter of Heth,” “Madcap Violet,” “Three Feathers,” “Yolande,” “The Strange Adventures of a Phaeton,” “Macleod of Dare,” “White Heather,” “Donald Ross of Heimra,” “Highland Cousins,” “Wild Eelin,” and his most famous work, “A Princess of Thule.” He also wrote a “Life of Goldsmith.”

Andrew Dickson White, a distinguished American scholar and diplomat, was born at Homer, N. Y., November 7, 1832, and died in 1918. He has written: “Outlines of Lectures on Mediæval and Modern History,” “The Plan of Organization for Cornell University,” “The New Education,” “Report on Co-Education of the Sexes,” “The Warfare of Science,” “Seven Great Statesmen in the Warfare of Humanity with Unreason,” “The Work of[Pg 243] Benjamin Hale,” “Lecture on the Problem of High Crime in the United States,” etc.

William Wirt, a renowned American lawyer and author, was born at Bladensburg, Md., November 8, 1772, and died at Washington, D. C., February 18, 1834. He wrote: “Letters of a British Spy,” “The Rainbow,” and his best known work, “Sketches of the Life and Character of Patrick Henry.”

Edward Robert Bulwer, Earl of Lytton (“Owen Meredith”), an English poet and novelist of great fame, was born in London, November 8, 1831, and died in Paris, November 24, 1891. His writings include: “The Wanderer,” “Clytemnestra, the Earl’s Return, and Other Poems,” “Fables in Song,” “Glenaveril,” “King Poppy,” “The Ring of Amasis,” and his famous novel in verse, “Lucile.”

Mark Akenside, a noted English poet, was born at Newcastle-on-Tyne, November 9, 1721, and died in London, June 23, 1770. His most famous work, “Pleasures of the Imagination,” won for him great fame.[Pg 244]

Ivan Sergeyevitch Turgenev, a celebrated Russian novelist, was born in Orel, November 9, 1818, and died in Bougival, near Paris, September 3, 1883. Among his numerous works may be mentioned: “Improvidence,” “Poems,” “The Conversation,” “Two Friends,” “Quiet Life,” “First Love,” “On the Eve,” “Hamlet and Don Quixote,” “Fathers and Children,” “Visions,” “The Brigadier,” “A Strange Tale,” “The Watch,” “Some One Knocks,” “The Dream,” “Song of Triumphant Love,” “The Old Portraits,” “A House of Gentlefolk,” “Poems in Prose,” etc., etc.

Martin Luther, the illustrious church reformer, was born at Eisleben, in Saxony, November 10, 1483, and died there, February 18, 1546. Among his works may be mentioned: “The Babylonian Captivity of the Church,” “The Slave Will,” “Letters,” “Table Talk,” and the treatise, “Against Henry, King of England.”

Oliver Goldsmith, the renowned English-Irish poet, novelist, and dramatist, was born in Pallas, County Longford, Ireland, November 10, 1728, and died at London, April 4, 1774. Among his celebrated works may be mentioned: “The Traveller,” “The Citizen of the World,[Pg 245]” “The Good-Natured Man,” “She Stoops to Conquer,” “The Deserted Village,” and “The Vicar of Wakefield.”

Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller, the great German poet and dramatist, was born in Marbach on the Neckar, November 10, 1759, and died at Weimar, May 9, 1805. His greatest works are: “Inquiry into the Connection Between the Animal and Spiritual Nature of Man,” “Don Carlos,” “The Robbers,” “Fiesco,” “History of the Revolt of the Netherlands from Spanish Rule,” “History of the Thirty Years’ War,” “The Ghost Seer,” “Love and Intrigue,” “The Piccolomini,” “Maria Stuart,” “The Bride of Messina,” “The Maid of Orleans,” “William Tell,” etc.

George Macdonald, a famous Scottish poet and novelist, was born at Huntley, November 10, 1824, and died in 1905. Besides his numerous poems, he has written: “Annals of a Quiet Neighborhood,” “Robert Falconer,” “David Elginbrod,” “Wilfred Cumbermede,” “Malcolm,” “Sir Gibbie,” “What’s Mine’s Mine,” “Lilith,” “Unspoken Sermons”; also, “The Princess and the Goblin,” “At the Back of the North Wind,” etc.

Cincinnatus Heine Miller (Joaquin Miller), a noted American poet, was born in Wabash District, Ind., Novem[Pg 246]ber 10, 1841, and died in 1912. Among his works are: “The Baroness of New York,” “The Danites,” “Songs of the Soul,” “Songs of Mexican Seas,” “Collected Poems,” “’49, or the Gold Seekers of the Sierras,” etc.

Henry Van Dyke, a distinguished Presbyterian clergyman and diplomat, was born in Germantown, Pennsylvania, November 10, 1852. Among his numerous works are: “The Story of the Psalms,” “The Poetry of Tennyson,” “The Christ Child in Art,” “The Friendly Year,” “The Ruling Passion,” “The Blue Flower,” “The Open Door,” “Select Poems of Tennyson,” “Music and Other Poems,” “Out of Doors in the Holy Land,” “The Spirit of America,” “The Story of the Other Wise Man,” “Poems in War Times,” “The Red Flower,” “Collected Poems,” “The Sad Shepherd,” “The Mansion,” “The Unknown Quantity,” “The Grand Canyon and Other Poems,” “The Lost Boy,” etc.

William Maginn, a famous Irish scholar, poet and journalist, was born at Cork, November 11, 1793, and died at Walton on Thames, August 20, 1842. With Hugh Fraser, he founded Fraser’s Magazine in 1830. A partial collection of his writings is found in “Miscellanies” (1855-57), edited by R. Shelton Mackenzie. His best stories are “Bob Burke’s Duel with Ensign Brady” and “The City of Demons.[Pg 247]”

Louis Charles Alfred de Musset, one of the greatest of French poets, was born in Paris, November 11, 1810, and died there, May 1, 1857. Among his writings are: “Tales of Spain and Italy,” “A Night of May,” “A Night of December,” “A Night of August,” “A Night of October,” “Letter to Lamartine,” “Hope in God,” “Nights,” “Emmeline,” “Titian’s Son,” “Frederick and Bernerette,” “A Play in an Arm-Chair,” etc.

Henry Mills Alden, a celebrated American editor, poet, and prose-writer, was born at Mt. Tabor, Vt., November 11, 1836, and died October 7, 1919. Among his works are: “God in His World,” “The Ancient Lay of Sorrow,” “A Study of Death,” “Magazine Writing and the New Literature,” and “Harper’s Pictorial History of the Civil War” (with A. H. Guernsey).

Thomas Bailey Aldrich, a renowned American poet, author, and essayist, was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, November 11, 1836, and died in 1907. His works include: “Marjorie Daw and Other People,” “Prudence Palfrey,” “Complete Poems,” “The Queen of Sheba,[Pg 248]” “The Stillwater Tragedy,” “The Story of a Bad Boy,” etc.

Richard Baxter, an eminent English divine and author, was born at Rowton, Shropshire, November 12, 1615, and died in London, December 8, 1691. His literary fame rests chiefly on his celebrated work, “The Saints’ Everlasting Rest.”

Joseph Hopkinson, a noted American jurist and composer of the famous patriotic song, “Hail Columbia,” was born at Philadelphia, November 12, 1770, and died there, January 15, 1842.

Ray Palmer, a distinguished American clergyman, and hymn-writer, was born at Little Compton, R. I., November 12, 1808, and died at Newark, N. J., March 29, 1887. He published: “Spiritual Improvement,” “Hymns and Sa[Pg 249]cred Pieces,” “Hymns of My Holy Hours,” etc. His best known hymn is, “My Faith Looks up to Thee,” which has been translated into twenty languages.

Saint Augustine, the most famous of the Latin fathers of the Church, and of patristic writers, was born in Tagasta, Numidia, November 13, 354, and died at Hippo, August 28, 430. His most noted works are: “City of God,” “Grace of Christ,” “Original Sin,” and his “Confessions.”

Esaias Tegnér, an illustrious Swedish poet, was born at Kyrkerud, Wermland, Sweden, November 13, 1782, and died at Wexiö, November 2, 1846. He wrote: “Frithiof’s Saga” (epic ballads), “Axel,” “Nattvärdsbarned,” and his celebrated poem, “Svea,” crowned by the Swedish Academy.

Robert Louis Stevenson, a Scotch novelist, poet and essayist, of great renown, was born in Edinburgh, November 13, 1850, and died at Apia, Samoa, December 3, 1894. Among his publications are: “Familiar Studies of Men and Books,” “An Inland Voyage,” “Edinburgh: Picturesque Notes,” “New Arabian Nights,” “Treasure Island,[Pg 250]” “Prince Otto,” “A Child’s Garden of Verses,” “Kidnapped,” “The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,” “Underwoods,” “Memoirs and Portraits,” “Ballads,” “The Merry Men and Other Tales,” “The Black Arrow,” “The Ebb Tide,” “A Foot-Note to History: Eight Years of Trouble in Samoa,” “David Balfour,” “Island Nights’ Entertainments,” “Essays and Criticisms,” etc.

Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger, a noted Danish poet, was born near Copenhagen, November 14, 1779, and died January 20, 1850. He has written: “The Life of Christ Annually Repeated in Nature,” “Poems,” “First Song of the Edda,” “Palnatoke,” “A Journey to Langeland,” “Earl Hakon,” “Axel and Valborg,” “The Little Shepherd Boy,” “Socrates,” “Hamlet,” etc.

Richard Henry Dana (The Elder), an American poet and essayist of great fame, was born at Cambridge, Massachusetts, November 15, 1787, and died February 2, 1879. His poetical works include: “The Dying Raven,” “The Buccaneers,” “The Change of Home,” etc. Among his short stories are: “Edward and Mary,” and “Paul Fenton.”

Charles Blanc, a distinguished French art critic, was born November 15, 1813, and died in 1882. He wrote: “A[Pg 251] History of Painters of All Schools,” “The Treasure of Curiosity,” “Grammar of the Arts of Design,” “The Dutch School of Painters,” “Grammar of Painting and Engraving,” etc.

Jean Baptiste le Rond d’Alembert, an eminent French philosopher, mathematician and man of letters, was born in Paris, November 16, 1717, and died there, October 9, 1783. Among his works are: “Literary and Philosophical Miscellanies,” “Elements of Philosophy,” etc. He also wrote the “Preliminary Discourse,” or introduction to the great French Encyclopedia.

John Bright, a distinguished English statesman, was born near Rochdale, in Lancashire, November 16, 1811, and died March 27, 1889. His “Public Letters,” appeared in 1885, and his speeches and addresses were published in the years 1867-69-79.

George Grote, a famous English historian, was born in Clay Hill, Kent, November 17, 1794, and died in London,[Pg 252] June 18, 1871. He is best known by his celebrated work, “History of Greece.”

William Schwenck Gilbert, a celebrated English librettist and comic-poet and prose-writer, was born in London, November 18, 1836, and died in 1911. He wrote: “The Bab Ballads,” and several famous comic operas, among which are: “Pinafore,” “Patience,” “The Mikado,” “Ruddygore,” and “The Pirates of Penzance.”

John Bunyan, a renowned English author, was born in Elstow, Bedford, November 19 (?), 1628, and died in London, August 31, 1688. He wrote numerous works, the most famous being: “The Pilgrim’s Progress,” “Grace Abounding,” and the “Holy War.”

Thomas Chatterton, the famous young English poet, was born in Bristol, November 20, 1752, and died at London, August 25, 1770. He wrote numerous poems and plays, but he is best remembered as the author of the so-called “Rowley Poems,” which were collected and published by T. Tyrwhitt in 1777.[Pg 253]

François Marie Arouet de Voltaire, the illustrious French writer, was born in Paris, November 21, 1694, and died there, May 30, 1778. Among his famous works are: “Artemire,” “Mariamne,” “Letters on the English,” “History of Charles XII,” “Philosophical Letters,” “The Temple of Taste,” “Elements of Newton’s Philosophy,” “The Maid of Orleans,” “The Prodigal Son,” “Mérope,” “Discourse on Man,” “Poem on Natural Law,” “Candide,” “Semiramis,” “Amélie,” “Republican Ideas,” “Tales,” “Catechism of the Honest Man,” “Irene,” “Tancrède,” “Socrates,” “Century of Louis XV,” “The Bible at Last Explained,” “Zaïre,” “The Ingenuous One,” etc., etc.

Bryan Waller Procter, an eminent English poet and man of letters, was born in Wiltshire, November 21, 1787, and died at London, October 4, 1874. Among his works are: “A Sicilian Story,” “Dramatic Scenes and Other Poems,” “Mirandola” (a tragedy), “English Songs,” “The Flood of Thessaly,” “Essays and Tales,” “Charles Lamb: a Memoir,” and the “Life of Edmund Kean.”

Sir A. T. Quiller-Couch, a celebrated English writer of fiction, was born in Cornwall, November 21, 1863. He has written: “The Astonishing History of Troy Town,” “Dead man’s Rock,” “The Splendid Spur,” “The Blue Pavilions,” “The Delectable Duchy,” “Wandering Heath,[Pg 254]” “Adventures in Criticism,” “Poems and Ballads,” “The Ship of Stars,” “The Westcotes,” “The White Wolf,” “From a Cornish Window,” “Sir John Constantine,” “True Tilda,” “Brother Copas,” “The Vigil of Venus and Other Poems,” “Lady Good-for-Nothing,” “News from the Duchy,” “The Oxford Book of Ballads,” “Poison Island,” “Corporal Sam and Other Stories,” “Nicky-Nan Reservist,” “On the Art of Writing,” “Hocken and Hunken,” etc.

Mary Ann Evans (“George Eliot”), the great English novelist, was born at Arbury Farm, Chilvers Coton, Warwickshire, November 22, 1819, and died in London, December 22, 1880. Among her many works are: “Scenes of Clerical Life,” “Adam Bede,” “The Mill on the Floss,” “Romola,” “The Spanish Gypsy,” “Agatha” (a poem), “Felix Holt,” “Daniel Deronda,” “Middlemarch,” “Jubal and Other Poems,” etc., etc.

Justin McCarthy, an eminent Irish politician, journalist, historian, novelist and miscellaneous writer, was born at Cork, November 22, 1830, and died April 24, 1912. He has written: “A History of Our Own Times,” “History of the Four Georges,” “A Fair Saxon,” “Lady Judith,” “The Story of Gladstone’s Life,” “Modern England,” “The Reign of Queen Anne,” “Reminiscences,” “The[Pg 255] Story of an Irishman,” “Irish Recollections,” etc. Also the biographies of Sir Robert Peel, Pope Leo XIII, and W. E. Gladstone.

Benedict Spinoza, a renowned philosopher, was born at Amsterdam, November 23, 1632, and died at The Hague, February 21, 1677. He wrote: “Tractate on God and Man and Man’s Felicity,” “Theologico-Political Tractate,” and his most famous work, “Ethics Demonstrated Geometrically.”

Laurence Sterne, an English novelist of great fame, was born at Clonmel, Ireland, November 24, 1713, and died in London, March 18, 1768. His most noted works are: “Tristram Shandy,” “The Sermons of Mr. Yorick,” and “A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy.”

Henry Thomas Buckle, a distinguished English historian, was born in Lee, Kent, November 24, 1821, and died in Damascus, May 29, 1862. He is best known for his great work, “The History of Civilization in England” (2 vols. 1857-61). His “Miscellaneous and Posthumous Works” were edited by Helen Taylor in 1872, and a new edition by Grant Allen in 1880.[Pg 256]

Lope de Vega, “Tome Burguillos,” a renowned Spanish dramatist, was born in Madrid, November 25, 1562, and died August 21, 1635. Among his many works may be mentioned: “Jerusalem Conquered,” “Angelica,” “King and Peasant,” “Circe,” “Andromeda,” “Philomela,” “Orpheus,” “Proserpine,” “San Isidro,” “The Dragon,” “The Maid of Almudena,” “Journey Through My Country,” besides numerous sonnets, etc.

William Cowper, an illustrious English poet, was born in Great Berkhamstead, Hertfordshire, November 26, 1731, and died at East Dereham, Norfolk, April 25, 1800. His works include: “Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey,” “The Task,” “Poems” (1798), etc.

Frances Anne Kemble, a noted English actress, was born in London, November 27, 1809, and died there, January 16, 1893. She wrote: “Recollections of a Girlhood,[Pg 257]” “Recollections of Later Life,” “Journal of a Residence on a Georgia Plantation,” and her “Journal.”

William Blake, a celebrated English poet and artist, was born in London, November 28, 1757, and died there, August 12, 1827. He has published: “Poetical Sketches,” “Songs of Innocence,” “Songs of Experience,” etc. His “Prophetic Books,” including: “Book of Thel,” “Marriage of Heaven and Hell,” “Book of Urizen,” “Book of Los,” “Book of Ahania,” “Jerusalem,” and “Milton,” are famous. His greatest artistic work is in “Illustrations to the Book of Job.”

Victor Cousin, a distinguished French philosopher, was born in Paris, November 28, 1792, and died at Cannes, January 2, 1867. He wrote: “Mme. de Longueville,” “Mme. de Hautefort,” “Jacqueline Pascal,” “French Society in the 17th Century,” “History of Philosophy,” etc. His translation of “Plato,” also won for him great fame.

Amos Bronson Alcott, a noted American philosophical writer, and educator, was born at Wolcott, Conn., November 29, 1799, and died at Boston, March 4, 1888. His principal works are: “Orphic Sayings,” “Tablets,” “Concord Days,” “Table-Talk,” “Sonnets and Canzonets,” “Ralph Waldo Emerson: His Character and Genius,” “New Connecticut,” etc.[Pg 258]

Wendell Phillips, an American social and political reformer of great fame, was born at Boston, November 29, 1811, and died there, February 2, 1884. Among his writings are: “Can Abolitionists Vote or Take Office?” “The Constitution a Pro-Slavery Compact,” “Defense of the Anti-Slavery Movement,” “Review of Webster’s Speech of March 7th,” “Speeches, Lectures, and Letters,” “Addresses,” etc.

Sir Philip Sidney, a famous English courtier and man of letters, was born at Penshurst in Kent, November 30, 1554, and died at Arnheim, October 17, 1586. His best known works are: “Arcadia,” “Sonnets,” “Apology for Poetry,” and a versified translation of the “Psalms.”

Jonathan Swift, the celebrated English prose satirist, was born in Dublin, November 30, 1667, and died there, October 19, 1745. He wrote: “Advice to the October Club,” “Tale of a Tub,” “Meditation upon a Broomstick,” “Battle of the Books,” “Project for the Advancement of Religion,” “Public Spirit of the Whigs,” “A Modest Proposal,” “Drapier’s Letters,” “Remarks on the Barrier Treaty,” “Sentiments of a Church of England Man,” and “Gulliver’s Travels,” his most important work.[Pg 259]

Mark Lemon, a noted English playwright, was born in London, November 30, 1809, and died at Crawley in Sussex, May 23, 1870. Among his comedies and dramas are: “Hearts Are Trumps,” “Lost and Won,” “Arnold of Winkelried,” “Domestic Economy,” etc.

Samuel Langhorne Clemens, (“Mark Twain”), the distinguished American humorist, was born in Missouri, November 30, 1835, and died in 1910. He has written: “The Innocents Abroad,” “Huckleberry Finn,” “A Tramp Abroad,” “The Jumping Frog,” “Old Times on the Mississippi,” “Roughing It,” “Tom Sawyer,” “The Prince and the Pauper,” “The Gilded Age,” “Pudd’nhead Wilson,” “Following the Equator,” “A Double-Barreled Detective Story,” etc.

[Pg 260]

FOOTNOTES:

[Pg 261]

DECEMBER

[Pg 262]

[Pg 263]

DECEMBER

James Hogg, a famous Scotch pastoral poet, was born in Ettrick, December 1, 1770, and died at Eltrive Lake, November 21, 1835. He wrote: “Poems and Songs,” “The Mountain Bard,” “Scottish Pastorals,” and “The Queen’s Wake,” his most famous work.

David Masson, a noted Scottish author, was born at Aberdeen, December 2, 1822, and died in 1907. He wrote: “The Life of Milton in connection with the History of His Time,” “Essays, Biographical and Critical,” “British Novelists,” “Recent British Philosophy,” “Carlyle Personally and His Writings,” “Edinburgh Sketches and Memories,” etc.

Robert Bloomfield, a celebrated English poet, was born at Honington, December 3, 1766, and died in Shefford, in[Pg 264] 1823. Among his poetical pieces are: “The Milk Maid,” “The Sailor’s Return,” and his most famous poetical work, “The Farmer’s Boy.”

Thomas Carlyle, a Scotch biographer, historian, and miscellaneous writer of great fame, was born at Ecclefechan, December 4, 1795, and died in London, February 4, 1881. Among his celebrated works may be mentioned: “Life of Schiller,” “Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship,” a translation; “The French Revolution,” “Life and Letters of Oliver Cromwell,” “German Romance,” “Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History,” “Chartism,” “Past and Present,” “Life of Sterling,” “Friedrich II,” “Latter-Day Pamphlets,” “Inaugural Address at Edinburgh,” etc.

Christina Georgina Rossetti, a renowned English poetess, was born in London, December 5, 1830, and died December 29, 1894. Among her works are: “The Prince’s Progress,” “Sing-Song: A Nursery Rhyme Book,” “Seek and Find,” “Speaking Likenesses,” “A Pageant, and Other Poems,” “Letter and Spirit,” “Annus Domini: A Prayer for Each Day in the Year,” “Verses,” and her most celebrated work, “Goblin Market.[Pg 265]”

Richard Harris Barham, a famous English poet, was born in Canterbury, December 6, 1788, and died in London, June 17, 1845. Under the nom de plume of “Thomas Ingoldsby,” he wrote the celebrated “Ingoldsby Legends.” He also wrote: “Life of Theodore Hook,” “My Cousin Nicholas,” etc.

Friedrich Max Müller, an eminent German-English Sanskrit scholar and comparative philologist, was born at Dessau, December 6, 1823, and died in 1900. He has written: “History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature,” “Science of Language,” “Chips from a German Workshop,” “Science of Religion,” “Essays on Language, Mythology, and Religion,” “Science of Thought,” “My Autobiography,” “Last Essays,” appeared after his death, also, “Life and Letters of the Right Honorable Friedrich Max Müller,” by his wife.

Joseph Conrad, a renowned English author, of Polish parentage, was born December 6, 1857. Among his works are: “An Outcast of the Islands,” “The Nigger of the Narcissus,” “Typhoon,” “The Mirror of the Sea,” “The Secret Agent,” “Under Western Eyes,” “Some Reminiscenses,” “Chance,” “Within the Tides,” “Victory,” “The Shadow Line,” “The Arrow of Gold,” “Rescue,” “Notes on Life and Letters.[Pg 266]”

Allan Cunningham, a noted Scotch poet and miscellaneous writer, was born in Keir, Dumfriesshire, December 7, 1784, and died in London, October 30, 1842. His best known works are: “Lord Roldan,” “Paul Jones,” “Sir Marmaduke Maxwell,” and his most famous work, “Critical History of the Literature of the Last Fifty Years.”

Henry Timrod, a famous American Southern poet and author, was born at Charleston, S. C., December 8, 1829, and died at Columbia, S. C., October 6, 1867. His “Poems” appeared in 1860.

Joel Chandler Harris, a noted American journalist and story writer, was born at Eatonton, Georgia, December 8, 1848, and died July 3, 1908. He has written: “Daddy Jake, the Runaway,” “The Folk-Lore of the Old Plantation,” etc. He is best known, however, by his famous “Uncle Remus” sketches.[Pg 267]

John Milton, one of the greatest of English poets, was born in London, December 9, 1608, and died there November 8, 1674. His most famous works were: “Paradise Lost,” “Paradise Regained,” “Comus,” “Lycidas,” “L’Allegro,” “Il Penseroso,” “Samson Agonistes,” “Areopagitica,” “The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates,” and the “Defence of the English People.”

Robert Treat Paine, Jr., a celebrated American poet, was born in Taunton, Mass., December 9, 1773, and died in Boston, November 13, 1811. He is best known as the author of two songs, “Rise, Columbia,” and “Adams and Liberty.” Among his poems are: “The Invention of Letters,” and “The Ruling Passion.”

Eugene Sue, a famous French romancer, was born in Paris, December 10, 1804, and died at Annecy, July 3, 1857. He wrote: “Kernock the Pirate,” “History of the[Pg 268] French Navy,” “History of the War Navies of All Nations,” “The Seven Deadly Sins,” “Martin the Foundling,” “The Mysteries of the People,” “The Jouffroy Family,” “The Secrets of the Confessional,” “The Mysteries of Paris,” and “The Wandering Jew.”

Edward Eggleston, a distinguished American historian and novelist, was born in Vevay, Ind., December 10, 1837, and died in 1902. Among his noted works are: “The Circuit Rider,” “The End of the World,” “Roxy,” “The Hoosier Schoolmaster,” “The Graysons,” “The Faith Doctor,” “Queer Stories for Boys and Girls,” “The Hoosier Schoolboy,” “Schoolmasters’ Stories,” “Mr. Blake’s Walking-Stick,” “School History of the United States,” “Household History of the United States,” “First Book in American History,” “The Beginners of a Nation,” “The Transit of Civilization,” etc.

Julia Pardoe, a noted English historical and miscellaneous writer, was born at Beverly, Yorkshire, December 11 (?), 1806, and died in London, November 26, 1862. Among her many works are: “Traditions of Portugal,” “City of the Sultan,” “Louis XIV and the Court of France,” “The Jealous Wife,” “The Court and Reign of Francis I,” “Marie de’ Medici,” “Episodes of French History During the Consulate,” “A Life Struggle,” and numerous lyrics.[Pg 269]

Gerald Griffin, a famous Irish novelist, poet and dramatist, was born at Limerick, December 12, 1803, and died at Cork, June 12, 1840. He wrote: “Tales of the Munster Festivals,” “The Collegians,” “Holland Tide: or Munster Popular Tales,” “The Invasion,” “Gisippus, or the Forgotten Friend,” “Tales of My Neighborhood,” etc.

Gustave Flaubert, a renowned French novelist, was born at Rouen, December 12, 1821, and died there, May 8, 1880. Among his writings are: “Salammbô,” “The History of a Young Man,” “The Temptation of St. Anthony,” “Three Stories,” and “Madame Bovary,” his greatest novel.

Heinrich Heine, an eminent German poet, was born at Düsseldorf, December 13, 1799, and died at Paris, February 17, 1856. Among his works are: “Pictures of Travel,” “Almansor,” “Radcliff,” “Poems,” “Book of Songs,” “New Poems,” “History of Recent Polite Literature in Germany,” “The Salon,” “Doctor Faust,” “The Romantic School,” “Shakespeare’s Maids and Matrons,” “The Romancers,” “Miscellaneous Writings,” etc.[Pg 270]

Phillips Brooks, a famous American clergyman of the Episcopal Church, was born in Boston, December 13, 1835, and died there, January 23, 1893. He published many volumes of sermons and lectures, including: “Letters of Travel,” “Lectures on Preaching,” and “Essays and Addresses.”

Hamilton Wright Mabie, a celebrated American essayist, critic, and editor, was born in Cold Spring, N. Y., December 13, 1846, and died in 1916. His works include: “Norse Stories Retold from the Eddas,” “My Study Fire,” “Short Studies in Literature,” “Nature and Culture,” “Books and Culture,” “Work and Culture,” “Works and Days,” “Backgrounds of Literature,” “The Great Word,” “What and How to Read,” “Writers of Knickerbocker,” “American Ideals, Character and Life,” “Japan To-day and To-morrow,” etc., etc.

Charles Wolfe, a distinguished Irish clergyman and poet, was born at Dublin, December 14, 1791, and died at Cove of Cork (now Queenstown), February 21, 1823. His literary fame rests wholly upon his “Burial of Sir John Moore.[Pg 271]”

Frances Ridley Havergal, a noted English poet and religious writer, was born at Astley, Worcestershire, December 14, 1836, and died at Swansea, Wales, June 3, 1879. She wrote: “The Four Happy Days,” “Under the Surface” poems; “Royal Graces and Loyal Gifts” (6 vols., 1879), “Under His Shadow,” etc.

Henry Fothergill Chorley, a famous English critic and miscellaneous writer, was born in Blackley Hurst, Lancashire, December 15, 1808, and died in London, February 15, 1872. He wrote a famous play, “Old Love and New Fortune,” and several novels, among them: “Conti,” “The Prodigy,” and “The Lion.”

Jane Austen, a renowned English novelist, was born in Steventon, Hampshire, December 16, 1775, and died in Winchester, July 18, 1817. Her most famous works[Pg 272] are: “Mansfield Park,” “Sense and Sensibility,” and “Pride and Prejudice.”

Sir Humphry Davy, an eminent English chemist, philosopher and man of letters, was born at Penzance, Cornwall, December 17, 1778, and died at Geneva, Switzerland, May 29, 1829. He wrote: “Consolations in Travel, or the Last Days of a Philosopher,” “Chemical and Philosophical Researches,” “On the Safety Lamp and on Flame,” etc.

John Greenleaf Whittier, a renowned American poet, was born at Haverhill, Massachusetts, December 17, 1807, and died at Hampton Falls, New Hampshire, September 1892. Among his noted poems are: “Barbara Frietchie,” “Skipper Ireson’s Ride,” “Snow-Bound,” “Maud Muller,” “My Playmate,” “Laus Deo,” “My Birthday,” and “The Tent on the Beach.”

Charles Wesley, a famous English clergyman and poet, was born at Epworth, Lincolnshire, December 18, 1708, and died in London, March 29, 1788. He was called “the poet of Methodism,” but many of his beautiful hymns are used in all denominations of the Protestant church.[Pg 273]

George Denison Prentice, a distinguished American journalist, poet, and author, was born at Preston, Conn., December 18, 1802, and died January 22, 1870. He published in 1860, “Prenticeana” a collection of pointed paragraphs. His other works are: “Life of Henry Clay,” and “Poems.”

Margaret Junkin Preston, a celebrated American author, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., December 19 (?), 1825, and died in 1897. She has written: “Silverwood” (a novel), “Old Songs and New,” “Cartoons,” “Beechen-brook,” “Colonial Ballads,” “For Love’s Sake,” “Aunt Dorothy,” etc.

John Fletcher, the renowned English dramatist, was born in Rye, Sussex, December 20 (?), 1579 and died in London, August, 1625. A few of his famous plays are: “The Wild Goose Chase,” “The Loyal Subject,” “Monsieur Thomas,” “The Faithful Shepherdess,” “A Wife for a Month,” “Wit Without Money,” “The Chances,” “Bonduca,” “The Mad Lover,” and “Rule a Wife and Have a Wife.” His name has always been associated with that of Francis Beaumont, and together they wrote many plays;[Pg 274] but the beforementioned works were written by Fletcher alone.

Mary Elizabeth Mapes Dodge, a noted American editor, poet and author, was born in New York City, December 20 (?),1838, and died in 1905. She has written: “Irvington Stories,” “Along the Way” (poems), “Theophilus and Others,” “The Land of Pluck,” “Donald and Dorothy,” “The Golden Gate,” “Poems and Verses,” and “Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates,” her most famous work.

Jean Baptiste Racine, the illustrious French dramatist, was born at La Ferté-Milon, December 21, 1639, and died at Paris, April 26, 1699. His greatest works were: “The Thebaid,” “The Pleaders,” “Alexander,” “Berenice,” “Bajazet,” “Esther,” “Athalie,” “Mithridates,” “Iphigenia,” “The Chaplain’s Wig,” “Phædra,” “Nymphs of the Seine,” “Letters,” and “Abridgment of the History of Port Royal,” his last dramatic work.

Benjamin Disraeli, Lord Beaconsfield, an eminent English statesman and novelist, was born in London, December 21, 1804, and died April 19, 1881. Among his celebrated works are: “The Young Duke,” “Vivian Grey,” “Venetia,” “The Rise of Iskander,” “Henrietta Temple,” “The[Pg 275] Revolutionary Epic,” “Sibyl,” “Tancred,” “Lothair,” and “Endymion.”

Thomas Wentworth Higginson, a distinguished American poet, essayist and novelist, was born in Cambridge, Mass., December 22, 1823, and died in 1911. Among his writings are: “Atlantic Essays,” “Out-Door Papers,” “The Afternoon Landscape,” “Life of Margaret Fuller,” “Short Studies of American Authors,” “Young Folks’ History of the United States,” “Concerning All of Us,” “Cheerful Yesterdays,” “Old Cambridge,” “Contemporaries,” “Henry Wadsworth Longfellow,” “Part of a Man’s Life,” “Life of Stephen Higginson,” etc.

Charles Stuart Calverley, a noted English poet and humorist, was born at Martley, Worcestershire, December 22, 1831, and died February 17, 1884. He wrote: “Verses and Translations,” and “Society Verses.”

Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, the great French literary critic, was born at Boulogne-sur-Mer, December 23, 1804, and died at Paris, October 13, 1869. He wrote: “Literary Critiques and Portraits,” “Literary Portraits,” “History of Port Royal,” “Contemporary Portraits,” “Picture of French Poetry in the Sixteenth Century,[Pg 276]” “Meditations in August,” “Consolations,” “Poems,” his celebrated “Monday Talks,” etc.

Samuel Smiles, a famous British author, was born at Haddington, Scotland, December 23, 1812, and died, April 16, 1904. He wrote: “Lives of the Engineers,” “Industrial Biography,” “James Brindley and the Early Engineers,” “Lives of Boulton and Watt,” “Life of Thomas Telford,” “Life of George Stephenson,” “The Life of a Scotch Naturalist” (Thomas Edward), “Robert Dick,” “George Moore,” “Men of Invention and Industry,” “Life and Labor,” “A Publisher and His Friends,” “Jasmin,” “Josiah Wedgwood,” “History of Ireland,” etc. Also, “Self-Help,” “Character,” “Thrift,” and “Duty.”

George Crabbe, a celebrated English poet, was born in Aldborough, Suffolk, December 24, 1754, and died at Trowbridge, Wiltshire, February 3, 1832. His most famous poems are: “The Parish Register,” “The Village,” “Tales in Verse,” and “The Borough.”

Augustin Eugène Scribe, a distinguished French dramatist, was born in Paris, December 24, 1791, and[Pg 277] died February 20, 1861. His collected “Œuvres,” (76 vols. 1874-85), contains all his works.

Adam Mickiewicz, the most celebrated of Slavic poets, was born near Novogròdek, Lithuania, December 24, 1798, and died at Constantinople, November 26, 1855. Among his famous works are: “Crimean Sonnets,” “Lectures on Slavic Literature,” “The Books of the Polish People and of the Polish Pilgrimage,” the ballad, “Dziady,” and three famous epics: “Pan Tadeusz,” “Conrad Wallenrod,” and “Grazyna.”

Matthew Arnold, an eminent English poet, essayist and critic, was born at Laleham, December 24, 1822, and died at Liverpool, April 15, 1888. His principal works are: “Empedocles on Etna,” “The Strayed Reveler and Other Poems,” “New Poems,” “Essays in Criticism,” “Lectures on the Study of Celtic Literature,” “Culture and Anarchy,” “Friendship’s Garland,” “Mixed Essays,” “Irish Essays,” “Last Essays on Church and Religion,” and “Discourses on America.”

John Morley (Viscount Morley), a renowned English statesman, essayist, editor, critic and biographer, was[Pg 278] born at Blackburn, Lancashire, December 24, 1838. He has written: “Life of Oliver Cromwell,” “Life of Gladstone,” “Life of Cobden,” “Sir Robert Walpole,” “Studies in Literature,” “Cromwell,” “Literary Essays,” “Notes on Politics,” “Recollections,” etc.

William Collins, a celebrated English poet, was born in Chichester, December 25, 1721, and died there, June 12, 1759. His principal works were: “Ode to Evening,” “The Passions,” “Ode on the Death of Thomson,” and the “Dirge to Cymbeline.”

William Barnes Rhodes, a noted English dramatic writer, was born December 25, 1772, and died November 1, 1826. He wrote: “The Satires of Juvenal, Translated into English Verse,” “Epigrams,” and his famous burlesque, “Bombastes Furioso.”

Thomas Gray, the renowned English poet, was born at Cornhill, London, December 26, 1716, and died at Cambridge, July 24, 1771. He wrote: “Ode to Adversity,” “Progress of Poesy,” “The Bard,” “Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College,” and his most famous work, “Elegy in a Country Churchyard.[Pg 279]”

Johannes Kepler, a German astronomer of great fame, was born at Weil, Würtemberg, December 27, 1571, and died at Ratisbon, November 15, 1630. His most famous work was: “New Astronomy, with Commentaries on the Motions of Mars.”

Woodrow Wilson, a famous American educator and author, and twenty-eighth President of the United States, was born at Staunton, Va., December 28, 1856, and died at Washington, D. C., February 3, 1924. His works include: “Congressional Government: A Study of American Politics,” “The State: Elements of Historical and Practical Politics,” “Division and Reunion,” “Epochs of American History,” “An Old Master, and Other Political Essays,” “Mere Literature and Other Essays,” “George Washington,” “A History of the American People,” “Constitutional Government in the United States,” “The New Freedom,” “When a Man Comes to Himself,” “On Being Human.”

William Ewart Gladstone, the eminent English statesman, essayist, and translator from the classics, was[Pg 280] born in Liverpool, December 29, 1809, and died in 1898. His works include: “Studies in Homer and the Homeric Age,” “Church and State,” “Juventus Mundi,” “Homeric Synchronism,” “Gleanings of Past Years,” etc.

Rudyard Kipling, a renowned English short-story writer, poet, and novelist, was born at Bombay, India, December 30, 1865. Among his writings are: “Life’s Handicap,” “Mine Own People,” “Many Inventions,” “Soldiers Three,” “The Light That Failed,” “The Seven Seas,” “Barrack Room Ballads,” “The Jungle Books,” “Captains Courageous,” “The Day’s Work,” “Stalky and Co.,” “Just So Stories for Little Children,” “Kim,” “The Five Nations,” “Traffics and Discoveries,” “Puck of Pook’s Hill,” “Actions and Reactions,” “Rewards and Fairies,” “The Harbour Watch” (a play), “The New Armies in Training,” “France at War,” “Fringes of the Fleet,” “A Diversity of Creatures,” “The Years Between,” etc.

Gottfried August Bürger, an eminent German poet, was born at Molmerswende, near Ballenstedt, Anhalt, December 31, 1747 (or January 1, 1748), and died in Göttingen, June 8, 1794. He wrote: “The Parson’s Daughter,” “The Wild Huntsman,” “The Song of the Brave Man,” “Kaiser and Abbot,” “The Robber Count,” “The Wives of Weinsberg,” and his most famous ballad, “Lenore.”[Pg 281]

James Thomas Fields, a noted American publisher and author, was born at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, December 31, 1817, and died in Boston, April 24, 1881. He published: “Underbrush,” “Yesterdays with Authors,” etc.

Alexander Smith, a famous Scottish poet, was born in Kilmarnock, December 31, 1830, and died at Wardie, near Edinburgh, January 5, 1867. Among his poetical works are: “City Poems,” “Edwin of Deira,” and “A Life Drama,” his most famous work. His prose works include: “Miss Oona McQuarrie,” “Alfred Hagart’s Household,” “Dreamthorpe,” “A Summer in Skye,” etc.

[Pg 282]

FOOTNOTES:

[Pg 283]

APPENDIX

[Pg 284]

[Pg 285]

APPENDIX

Hesiod, a renowned Greek poet, born at Ascra in Bœotia, and lived in the ninth century (?), B.C. Among his writings are the: “Theogony,” “Works and Days,” “The Shield of Hercules,” etc.

Homer, the greatest of epic poets, author of the “Iliad” and “Odyssey.” The date of his birth has never been known, but is generally set at the eighth or ninth century B.C.

Æsop, a famous Greek fabulist, lived in the seventh century, B.C.

Solon, the renowned Athenian legislator, lived about 638-559 B.C. The constitution which he gave to Athens, made him famous.[Pg 286]

Sappho, a celebrated Greek poet, was born in the Island of Lesbos, about 612 B.C. Little is known of her life. Only fragments of her poems remain. We have in complete form a “Hymn to Aphrodite” and an “Ode to a Beautiful Girl.”

Theognis of Megara, a famous Greek elegiac poet, flourished in the latter half of the sixth century B.C. Over one thousand of his verses have come down to our time.

Parmenides, a celebrated Greek philosopher of the fifth century B.C., was born at Elea in Southern Italy. He wrote one famous work on philosophy entitled: “On Nature.” It was divided into three sections, “Proem,” “Truth,” and “Opinion,” but only fragments of this work have come down to our time.

Anacreon, a famous lyric poet, of Greece, was born at Teos, in Ionia, 562 (?) B.C., and died 477 B.C. A few of his authentic compositions have come down to our times.

Simonides, a renowned Greek lyric poet, was born in the Island of Ceos about 556 B.C., and died about 468 B.C.[Pg 287] Some of his famous “Epigrams,” have come down to our times.

Confucius, the head of Chinese religious and social philosophy, was born about 551 B.C., and died 478 B.C. He wrote: “Analects,” etc., and is credited with having compiled the “Ancient Poems.” His last work is called “Annals of Lee” or “Spring and Autumn.”

Heraclitus, a renowned Greek philosopher, born in Ephesus, about 535 B.C., died about 475 B.C.

Æschylus, the greatest of the Greek dramatists, was born at Eleusis, Attica, 525 B.C., and died at Gela, Sicily, 456 B.C. Of his numerous works only seven tragedies remain, “The Suppliants,” “The Persians,” “The Seven Against Thebes,” “Prometheus Bound,” “Agamemnon,” “Choephori,” and “Eumenides.”

Pindar, the greatest of the Greek lyric poets, was born at Cynoscephalæ near Bœotian Thebes, 522 B.C., and died at Argos, about 450 B.C. The Alexandrine scholars divided his poems into 17 books, comprising Hymns, Pæans, Dithyrambs, Encomia, and Songs of Victory.[Pg 288]

Sophocles, the great Greek tragic poet, was born at Colonus near Athens, about 495 B.C.; and died about 405 B.C. His seven great tragedies are: “Antigone,” “Electra,” “Ajax,” “Trachiniæ,” “Philoctetes,” “Œdipus Tyrannus,” and “Œdipus at Colonus.”

Herodotus, “The Father of History,” was born at Halicarnassus, in Caria, about 490 B.C., and died at Thurii, in Magna Græcia, between 428 B.C. and 426 B.C. His “Exposition of History” in nine books, won for him everlasting fame.

Euripides, a great Greek tragic poet, was born at Athens, about 480 B.C., and died about 406 B.C. Nineteen of his dramas have come down to our time: “Alcestis,” “Andromache,” “Hecube,” “Bacchæ,” “Helena,” “Electra,” “Heraclidæ,” “The Mad Hercules,” “The Suppliants,” “Hippolytus,” “Iphigenia at Tauris,” “Ion,” “Iphigenia at Aulis,” “Medea,” “Orestes,” “Rhesus,” “The Trojan Women,” “The Phœnissæ,” and “Cyclops.”

Hippocrates, a noted Greek philosopher and writer, termed the “Father of Medicine,” was born according to Soranus, in Cos, in the first year of the 80th Olimpiad,[Pg 289] i.e., in 460 B.C. The earliest Greek edition of the Hippocratic writings is that which was published by Aldus and Asulanus at Venice in 1526.

Socrates, the renowned Athenian philosopher, was born at Athens, about 470 B.C., and died 399 B.C. He left no writings, but his philosophical method and his teaching are to be found in the works of his contemporaries and disciples.

Aristophanes, the greatest of the Greek writers of comedy, (448-380 B.C.), was born at Athens. Only eleven of his 44 plays have come down to us. They are: “The Knights,” “The Clouds,” “The Wasps,” “The Acharnians,” “The Peace,” “The Lyristrate,” “The Birds,” “The Thesmophoriazusæ,” “The Frogs,” “The Ecclesiazusæ,” and “Plutus.”

Plato, the renowned Greek philosopher, was born at Athens, about 427 B.C., and died there 347 B.C. Among his famous dialogues are: “Apology,” “Lysis,” “Charmides,” “Laches,” “Protagoras,” “Meno,” “Gorgias,” “Io,” “Euthyphro,” “Crito,” “Phædrus,” “The Sophist,” “The Politician,” “Parmenides,” “Symposium,” “Phædo,” “The Republic,” “The Laws,” etc.[Pg 290]

Xenophon, a famous Greek author, was born at Athens, about 430 B.C., and died in Corinth, about 355 B.C. He is the author of: “Encomium of Agesilaus,” “Horsemanship,” “Hipparchicus,” “Cynegeticus,” “Cyropædeia,” “Lacedæmonian Polity,” “Hieron,” “Athenian Finance,” “Symposium,” “Apology of Socrates,” “Œconomicus,” and his most celebrated works, the “Hellenics” and “Anabasis.”

Theocritus, the greatest of Greek bucolic poets, lived in the first half of the third century B.C. Thirty-one of his idyls and pastorals and a number of his epigrams have been preserved.

Aristotle, the most renowned of Greek philosophers, was born at Stagira, Macedonia, 384 B.C., and died at Chalcis, Eubœa, 322 B.C. He wrote numerous treatises on philosophy.

Demosthenes, a renowned Athenian orator, was born about 384 B.C., and died at Calauria, 322 B.C. Besides his numerous orations, he wrote the “Olynthiacs” and the “Philippics,” and his great speech, “On the Crown.[Pg 291]”

Æschines, a great Athenian orator, rival of Demosthenes, lived 389-314 B.C.

Callimachus, a renowned Greek poet, born in Cyrene, flourished in the third century B.C. Besides his tragedies, comedies, elegies and hymns, he wrote the epics, “Hecale” and “Galatea,” a “Hymn to Jupiter,” and an “Epitaph on Heracleitus.”

Titus Maccius Plautus, a celebrated Roman comic poet, was born at Sarsina in Umbria, about 254 B.C., and died at Rome about 184 B.C. His “Captives” has been declared “the best constructed drama in existence.”

Marcus Porcius Cato, the Censor, a famous Roman statesman and pamphleteer (234-149 B.C.) He wrote many tractates on different subjects, but only one of them, “On Farming,” has come down to our times. Of “Beginnings” we have only a few fragments.

Polybius, a celebrated Greek historian, was born at Megalopolis in Arcadia, 204 B.C., and died 122 B.C. His “Histories,” won for him great fame.[Pg 292]

Terence, the renowned Latin writer of comedy, was born at Carthage, about 185 B.C., and died about 159 B.C. Among his writings are: “Andria,” “Hecyra,” “Heautontimorumenos,” “Eunuchus,” “Phormio,” and “Adelphi.”

Marcus Tullius Cicero, the prince of Roman orators, a distinguished writer on philosophy, rhetoric, morals, etc., was born at Arpinum, 106 B.C., and died 43 B.C. Among his treatises on the art of oratory are: “The Orator, to Marcus Brutus,” “Of the Orator,” and “Brutus, or of Illustrious Orators.” His philosophical writings include: “The Academics,” “Tusculan Disputations,” “Of Definitions of Good and Evil.” Of discussions of moral questions, we have the practical treatise, “Of Mutual Offices.” Theological questions are examined in the two treatises, “Of Divinations” and “Of the Nature of the Gods”; also the treatises, “Of Old Age,” “Of Friendship,” “Of Consolation.” The letters of Cicero are extant to the number of 864, under the titles: “To Intimate Friends” (16 books), “To Atticus” (also 16 books), “To Quintus,” his brother, (3 books), and “Correspondence with M. Brutus” (in 2 books).

Caius Julius Cæsar, the great Roman general and writer of memoirs, was probably born about 100 B.C.; killed March 15, 44 B.C. Besides his famous “Commentaries,” he wrote a grammatical treatise, “On Analogy,” but it has not come down to our times.[Pg 293]

Titus Lucretius Carus, a renowned Roman poet, was born about 98 B.C., and died 55 B.C. His one work, “On Nature,” in six books, is considered one of the greatest of Latin didactic poems.

Caius Valerius Catullus, the greatest of Roman lyric poets, was born at Verona, 84 B.C., and died 54 B.C. A number of his compositions have come down to our time, The most celebrated are those “To Lesbia,” “The Boat,” and “Address to Himself.”

Virgil, the greatest of Roman epic poets, was born at Andes near Mantua, October 5, 70 B.C., and died at Brundisium, September 21, 19 B.C. He wrote the “Georgics,” “Bucolics,” and the epic, “The Æneid,” in 12 books.

Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus), the great Latin lyric poet, was born at Venusia, Italy, December 8, 65 B.C., and died at Rome November 27, 8 B.C. He wrote: “Satires,” “Epodes,” “Odes,” and his famous “Epistles.”

Livy, the great Roman historian, was born at Patavium (Padua), 59 B.C., and died there A.D. 17. He wrote the[Pg 294] “History of Rome from the Founding of the City,” in 142 “books,” many of which have been lost.

Albius Tibullus, a renowned Roman poet, was born about 54 B.C., and died probably in 19 B.C. Three books of his elegies have come down to us.

Sextus Propertius, the great Roman elegiac poet, was born at Aassisium, about 50 B.C., and died about 15 B.C. His poems consist of four books.

Sallust, a famous Roman historian, was born about 86 B.C., and died at Rome, about 34 B.C. He wrote: “The Conspiracy of Catiline,” and “The History of the War Against Jugurtha.”

Lucius Annaeus Seneca, an illustrious Roman philosopher, was born at Corduba, in Spain, about the year 4 B.C., and died A.D. 65. Many of his writings have come down to our time, among them 124 “Epistles to Lucilius,” containing exhortations to the practice of virtue: “On Providence,” “Anger,” “Of Benefits,” and “Natural History Questions,” also, several tragedies, among them, “Phædra,” “Thyestes,” and “Medea.”[Pg 295]

Quintus Curtius Rufus a notable Eoman historian, was born about the first century A.D. He is the author of “De Rebus Gestis Alexandri Magni” (Deeds of Alexander the Great), in ten books, the first two of which are lost.

Pliny the Elder, a celebrated Roman compiler of encyclopædic knowledge, was born at Novum Comum, (Como), A.D. 23; and died A.D. 79. He wrote: “A Natural History” in 37 books, compiled from more than 2,000 volumes.

Aulus Persius Flaccus, a famous Latin satiric poet, was born at Volaterræ in Etruria, 34 A.D., and died A.D. 62. He wrote six satires, and they are all extant.

Quintilian, the famous Roman rhetorician, was born about A.D. 35, at Calagurris (Calahorra), Spain, and died about A.D. 95 or 96. His great work, “Institutionis Oratoriæ,” is one of the most renowned classical works on rhetoric.

Marcus Annaeus Lucanus (Lucan), a celebrated Latin poet, was born at Cordova, Spain, A.D. 39, and died at[Pg 296] Rome, A.D. 65. He is best known by his epic poem, “Pharsalia.”

Publius Papinius Statius, a famous Roman poet, was born at Naples, about A.D. 45, and died there, about A.D. 96. His chief work is, “The Thebaid,” an epic poem in twelve books.

Epictetus, a celebrated Greek Stoic philosopher, was born at Hierapolis in Phrygia, about A.D. 50. No works of his have come down to our time, but his maxims were collected and published in the “Encheiridion,” or Handbook, and the “Commentaries” in eight books.

Publius Cornelius Tacitus, a great Latin historian, was born about A.D. 54. He wrote the dialogue “De Oratoribus,” the “Annals,” the “Agricola,” the “Germania,” (“On the Manners of the Germans”), and his “History.”

Juvenal, the renowned Latin poet, was born at Aquinum, about A.D. 60, and died about A.D. 140. Sixteen of his famous satires are extant.[Pg 297]

Pliny the Younger, a noted Roman orator, nephew of Pliny the Elder, was born at Comum, A.D. 61, and died about 113. Of his numerous forensic works, only one oration is extant, “The Panegyric,” also his “Letters.”

Plutarch, the celebrated Greek moralist, practical philosopher, and biographer was born at Chæronea in Bœotia. The year of his birth and death are not known, but he was very old at the death of Trajan, A.D. 117. He wrote: “Parallel Lives,” and many “Moral Treatises,” including “The Education of Children,” “The Right Way of Hearing,” “Precepts About Health,” “Cessation of Oracles,” “The Pythian Responses,” “The Retarded Vengeance of the Deity,” “The Dæmon of Socrates,” “The Virtues of Women,” “On the Fortune of the Romans,” “Political Counsels,” “On Superstition,” “On Isis and Osiris,” “On the Pace of the Moon’s Disk,” “On the Opinions Accepted by the Philosophers.”

Lucian, the celebrated Greek satirist, was born at Samosata, in northern Syria, about 120 A.D., and died about 200 A.D. Among his writings are: “Praise of Demosthenes,” “Dialogues of the Gods,” “Dialogues of the Sea Gods,” “Dialogues of the Dead,” “The True History,” “Lucius; or The Ass,” “Death of Peregrinus,” “The[Pg 298] Fisherman,” “The Sea Voyage, or Votive Offerings,” “The Sale of Lives,” “Alexander, or The False Prophet,” “Hermotimus,” etc.

Martial, a famous Latin poet, was born at Bilbilis, Spain, A.D. 50 (?), and died in Spain, 102 (?). His fame rests upon his “Epigrams” in fifteen books.

Suetonius, a famous Latin chronicler, grammarian, and critic, flourished in the early part of the second century of our era. His works include: “Distinguished Orators,” “Illustrious Grammarians,” “Lives of the Cæsars,” etc.

Saint Ambrose, one of the fathers of the Latin Church, born at Trèves, Gaul, probably A.D. 340, died at Milan, April 4, A.D. 397. His writings include: “Of the Duties of the Clergy,” “Hexæmeron,” hymns, etc. He became bishop of Milan in 374.

Diogenes Laertius, a famous Greek compiler of anecdotes, flourished about A.D. 200-250, a native of Lærte in[Pg 299] Cilicia. He wrote a collection of notes and memoranda (in 10 books), “On the Lives, Teachings, and Sayings of Famous Men.”

St. John Chrysostom, a noted Greek Church father, born in Antioch, Syria, 350 (?), and died at Comana, 407. His works, comprising homilies, commentaries, liturgies, epistles, etc., can be found in 13 volumes, fol. (1718).

Boëthius, a famous Roman didactic poet and statesman, was born between 470 and 475, and died about 525. His celebrated “Consolation of Philosophy” won for him lasting fame.

Omar Khayyám, a celebrated Persian poet, mathematician, and astronomer, was born at Nishapur, in 1050 (?), and died there in 1123 (?). His fame rests on the “Rubáiyát,” or “Quatrains,”—four-line stanzas with the third unrhymed. Fitzgerald’s was the first English translation to make these quatrains widely known.

Pierre Abélard, a famous French scholastic philosopher and theologian, was born near Nantes, 1079, and died April[Pg 300] 21, 1142. His romantic and tragic love for Héloïse is told in his “Story of My Misfortunes.”

Bernard of Clairvaux, St. Bernard, a renowned French theologian, church father, and saint, was born at Fontaines, near Dijon, in 1091, and died at Clairvaux, January 12, 1153. He wrote five books on “Reflection,” and his famous hymn, “Jesu, the Very Thought of Thee,” is popular in the churches of our day.

Bernard of Cluny, a famous French monk and poet, who flourished in the twelfth century, is best known for his noted work, “On Contempts of the World.”

St. Francis d’Assisi, a renowned Italian preacher, and poet, founder of the Franciscan order, was born at Assisi in Umbria, Italy, 1182, and died October 12, 1226. The most famous of his hymns is the “Canticle of the Sun.”

Sadi, one of the greatest of Persian poets, was born at Shiraz, in 1184, and died in 1291 (?). He wrote: “Bus[Pg 301]tán,” or “The Fruit Garden,” and “Gulistán,” or “The Rose Garden,” also his “Divan.”

Saint Bonaventura, an Italian theologian and scholar of great fame, was born at Bagnarea, 1221, and died in 1274. His real name was Giovanni di Fidenza. He wrote: “Life of Saint Francis,” “Progress of the Mind Towards God,” etc.

Thomas Aquinas, a great mediæval theologian and philosopher, was born at Aquino in the kingdom of Naples, about 1225, and died at Fossa Nuova, March 7, 1274. Among his works are: “Sum of Catholic Belief Against the Heathen,” “Exposition of All the Epistles of St. Paul,” and his most famous work, the “Sum of Theology.”

Dante Alighieri, the greatest of Italian poets, was born in Florence 1265, and died in Ravenna, September 14, 1321. He wrote: the “New Life,” the “Banquet,” and the “Divine Comedy.”

John Wyclif, a renowned scholar, was born near Richmond, England, about 1324, and died December 31, 1384.[Pg 302] His great work was the translation of the entire Bible into English.

John Gower, a noted English poet, was born in Kent in 1325 (?), and died in London in August (or September), 1408. Among his works are: “Voice of One Crying” (Vox Clamantis), “Mirror of Meditation” (Speculum Meditantis), and “Lover’s Confession” (Confessio Amantis).

Geoffrey Chaucer, the father of English poetry, was born in London (?), 1328 or 1340, and died there October 25, 1400. He wrote: “Troilus and Cressida,” “The Parliament of Fowles,” “Boke of the Duchesse,” “The House of Fame,” “The Legend of Good Women,” and his most famous work, “Canterbury Tales.”

Thomas à Kempis, a renowned German mystic, was born at Kempen, near Cologne in 1380, and died in 1471. He was the author of the “Imitation of Christ,” which is said to be the most popular book in the world, with the exception of the Bible.

Sir Thomas Malory, the British author of the renowned “Morte d’Arthur,” was born about 1430, and died after 1470.[Pg 303]

Philippe de Comines, a celebrated French chronicler, was born at Comines, about 1445, and died at the Château of Argenton, October 17, 1510. His famous “Memoirs” won for him great fame.

François Villon, a renowned French poet, was born in 1431, and died 1460 (?). He wrote: “The Greater Testament,” and the “Smaller Testament: Its Codicil”; a collection of poems and a volume of “Ballades.”

’Abd-urrahmán Jami, the last of Persia’s classic poets, was born in Jam, Khorasan, in 1414, and died in May (?), 1492 or 1493. His best known works are: “The Abode of Spring,” “The Chain of Gold,” “The Loves of Joseph and Zuleika and of Mejnun and Leila.”

Desiderius Erasmus, a renowned Dutch humanist, was born at Rotterdam, 1465 or 1467, and died July 12, 1536. He wrote a noted volume of “Colloquies,” a collection of “Adages,” and a celebrated satire, “The Praise of Folly”; besides numerous works on the ancients—Cicero, Seneca, Aristotle, St. Augustine, St. Jerome, etc.; also a noted treatise on “Free-Will.”[Pg 304]

Marguerite d’Angoulême, or de Valois, Queen of Navarre, and famous for her stories, poems and letters, was born in 1492, and died in Bigorre in 1549. She is best known in literature by the celebrated “Heptameron,” a collection of tales; “Pearls of the Pearl of Princesses” (poems), and her “Letters,” which were published in 1841-42.

François Rabelais, the greatest of French satirists, was born at Chinon, Touraine, about 1495, and died in 1553. His fame rests upon the two works, “Gargantua,” and “Pantagruel.”

Sir Thomas Wyatt, a distinguished English poet and diplomatist, was born at Arlington Castle, Kent, in 1503, and died at Sherborne, October 11, 1542. He wrote many poems, chiefly love sonnets after the Italian manner.

Roger Ascham, a famous English scholar and prose writer, was born at Kirby Wiske, near Northallerton, in[Pg 305] 1515, and died in London, December 30, 1568. His most noted works are: “Toxophilus,” and “The Schoolmaster.”

Luiz de Camoëns, Portugal’s greatest poet, was born at Lisbon, in 1524 or 1525, and died June 10, 1580. He is best known by “The Lusiads,” which is considered the national epic of Portugal.

Thomas Tusser, a noted English poet was born at Rivenhall, Essex, in 1527, and died in London about 1580. He was the author of “Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry, United to as Many of Good Housewifery,” etc.

Bishop John Still, a celebrated English writer of comedy, was born at Grantham, in Lincolnshire, in 1543, and died February 26, 1607. He is reputed to be the author of “A Ryght Pithy Pleasant, and Merrie Comedy, Intytuled Gammer Gurton’s Needle.[Pg 306]”

Cervantes, a renowned Spanish romancist, was born at Alcalà de Henares in 1547, and died at Madrid, April 23, 1616. Of his many romances and stories, his fame rests entirely on his celebrated work, “Don Quixote.”

Edmund Spenser, the famous English poet, was born about 1552, and died at London, January 13, or 16, 1599. Among his works are: “Amoretti,” “Four Hymns,” “The Shepherd’s Calendar,” “Astrophel,” “Complaints,” “Daphnaida,” “Colin Clout’s Come Home Again,” and “The Faerie Queene,” his most famous work.