The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chenodia, by Jacob Bigelow This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Chenodia The Classic Mother Goose Author: Jacob Bigelow Release Date: May 10, 2009 [EBook #28745] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHENODIA *** Produced by Louise Hope, David Edwards and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) [Transcriber's Note: This text is intended for users whose text readers cannot use the "real" (Unicode/UTF-8) version of the file. The "oe" ligature used in Latin verses is shown in brackets as [oe]. All Greek text, including the title of the book, has been transliterated and shown between +marks+: +Eugamoi, deipnôi tacheôs hekastos+ Typographical errors are listed at the end of the e-text.] +CHÊNÔIDIA+. [Bookplate: 1650. SIGILL: COLL: HARVARD: CANTAB: NOV: ANGL: The Gift of Jacob Bigelow, M.D., of Boston. (H. U. 1806) 13 Nov. 1871.] Harvard College Library-- from Dr. Bigelow-- +CHÊNÔIDIA+, or THE CLASSICAL MOTHER GOOSE. Argutos inter strepere anser olores. By Jacob Bigelow CAMBRIDGE: _Printed_ (_Not Published_): University Press. 1871. 1871, Nov. 13 Gift of Jacob Bigelow, M.D. LL.D. of Boston. (H. U. 1806.) University Press: Welch, Bigelow, & Co., Cambridge. PREFACE. The work familiarly known as "Mother Goose's Melodies" has the dignity of being already an undoubted classic among the most incipient cultivators of literature in the United States. It is a compilation taken mostly from "Gammer Gurton's Garland" or the "Nursery Parnassus," an English child's book about a century old, of which various editions have been published in London, Glasgow, and other places. It is stated in one of its late prefaces that it was originally issued at Stockton in a small twopenny brochure, without date, printed by and for R. Christopher. Sir Harris Nicholas says it appeared in the year 1783. The American "Mother Goose" contains many interpolated articles indigenous in the Western hemisphere, which are of various, and some even of doubtful merit. In England, the "Arundines Cami," the "Sabrinæ Corolla," and other representative works of distinguished seminaries, have occasionally drawn on "Gammer Gurton" for materials of their classic versions. These versions are sometimes stately in their prosodial exactness, and at other times as playfully loose as the original English ditties first set to rhyme by Gurton and afterwards copied by Goose.[A] The _Chenodia_, now first printed, an experiment for the author's own amusement, partly in classic verse of various metres, partly in mediæval and unclassic rhyme, and partly, like the original English, in no metre at all, is tendered as an offset for any disparagement of the dead languages contained in two essays read in 1865 and 1866, at a time when classical studies were paramount in Harvard University and other colleges of the United States. J. B. [Footnote A: There appears to be some reason for believing that at least a century before Gammer Gurton's works were published in England, a bodily "Mother Goose" was at work on the other side of the Channel. In Scott's novel of "Woodstock," chapter 28, Charles II., then a fugitive, says: "It reminds me, like half the things I meet with in this world, of the 'Contes de Commère l'Oye.'" Not having been able to obtain a sight of "Commère l'Oye," we must leave the original claim for authorship as a field for future controversy.] CONTENTS. PAGE Sprattus et Uxor 9 Par Avium 10 Rex Arthurus 11 Mors Turdo-Galli 12 Puer Cæruleus 13 Vetula Calceocola 14 Canis Kevensis 14 Diccora Dogium 15 Thomæ Quadrijugæ 16 Homunculus et Puellula 17 Bopipias 20 Advenæ Mendici 20 Lunicola 21 Magi Gothamenses 22 Jackus et Jilla 23 Felis in Fidibus 24 Grumbo Gigas 25 Miles Redux 26 Ansercula 27 Labor et Cura 28 CHENODIA. SPRATTUS ET UXOR. Jack Spratt could eat no fat, His wife could eat no lean, And so between them both They licked the platter clean. Sprattus horrescens adipem recusat, Uxor et non vult tolerare macrum: Conjuges digni! potuêre sic de- tergere lancem. +Sprattos ômêstês stear exeleipen; Hê gunê sphodrôs apepheugen ischnon; Eugamoi, deipnôi tacheôs hekastos Pant' apoleichei.+ PAR AVIUM. Two little birds were sitting on a stone, One flew away and then there was one, T' other flew away and then there was none, So the poor stone was left all alone. One of the little birds back again flew, In came t' other and then there were two; Says one bird to t' other, "How do you do?" "Very well, I thank you; pray how do you?" Fama est par avium venisse insistere saxo, Quarum primâ abeunte superstitit inde secunda: Illa autem fugiens jam vix vestigia liquit, Et saxum m[oe]rens in campo luget inani. Ecce autem rediens avium comparuit una, Altera non segnis sociam complectitur almam: Arreptâque manu, "Quid agis dulcissima rerum?" "Suaviter ut nunc est, et jam cupio omnia quæ vis." REX ARTHURUS. When King Arthur ruled the land, He ruled it like a king: He bought four pecks of barley-meal To make a brave pudding. A pudding brave the king did make And stuffed it well with plums; Great lumps of suet he put into it, As big as both his thumbs. The king and queen partook thereof, And all the court beside; And what they did not eat that night, The queen next morning fried. Angliæ rex imperio potitus, Hordei nactus modium farinæ, Ordinat c[oe]nâ properè institutâ Sternere mensam. Mira farrago exoritur culinâ, Turgidis uvis maculata passis Intus et frustis adipis referta Pollicis instar. Rex et affines epulantur omnes Principes magni dominæque lectæ: Alma regina exoriente luce Fragmina frixit. MORS TURDO-GALLI. Who killed Cock Robin? I, says the sparrow; With my bow and arrow, I killed Cock Robin. Quis Turdo-gallum necavit? En, adsum qui feci, Qui telum conjeci; Jaculis et arcu Passer interfeci. PUER CÆRULEUS. Little Boy Blue, come blow your horn, The cow's in the meadow, the sheep in the corn. Where's the little boy that looks after the sheep? Under the haycock fast asleep. C[oe]rule parve puer, cornu nunc suscipe cantum. Per segetes errant pecudes, per pascua vaccæ. Ah, ubi nunc ovium custos tam parvulus absit? En, gregis oblitus sub f[oe]no dormit opaco. VETULA CALCEOCOLA. There was an old woman who lived in a shoe, Who had so many children she didn't know what to do; She gave them some broth without any bread, And whipt them all soundly and sent them to bed. Calceus inclusit vetulam turbamque suorum, Multum quæ luctans natos compescuit arctos; Jus illis profert oblita apponere panem, Verberibusque datis dormitum sæva remittit. CANIS KEVENSIS. I am his Highness's dog at Kew. Pray tell me, sir, whose dog are you? Principis excelsi coram canis ecce Kevensis. Dic mihi vicissim quæso cujus canis es tu? DICCORA DOGIUM. Dickory dickory dock, The mouse ran up the clock, The clock struck one, The mouse ran down, Dickory dickory dock. Diccora diccora dogium, Ascendit mus horologium. Insonuit hora, Fugit mus sine morâ, Diccora diccora dogium. +Dikkora dikkora dogion+ Anebê mus eis hôrologion; Hen! hôra ephê; Ho de mus katebê. Dikkora dikkora dogion.+ +Archete Dikkorikas moisai philai archet' aoidas. Êgerthê poth' hurax, anebê d' eis hôrologêtên; Kôdônos phthongon deinon katepheuge phobêtheis. Lêgete Dikkorikas moisai ite lêget' aoidas.+ THOMÆ QUADRIJUGÆ. Tom's coach and six, whither in such haste going? But a short journey, to his own undoing. Quadrijugis Thomas quo nunc se proripit ille? Abiit in celerem--brevis est via, nota--ruinam. HOMUNCULUS ET PUELLULA. There was a little man, And he wooed a little maid, And he said, Little maid, will you wed wed wed? I have little more to say, Then will you ay or nay, For the least said is soonest mended ded ded. Homunculus eximius puellulam amavit, Quam ut nubendam duceret sic ore compellavit: Quid verbis opus pluribus? Dic _volo_, dicve _nolo_, Sat verbum sapientibus: responde sine dolo. Then the little maid replied, "Should I be your little bride, Pray, what shall we have for to eat eat eat? Will the flame that you are rich in Make a fire in the kitchen, Or the little god of love turn the spit spit spit?" Responsum dat puellula,--Si flectar ad nubendum Dic, quæso, quid cibarii habebimus edendum? Amorem credis ignem in culinâ servaturum, Aut parvulum Cupidinem jam veru versaturum? Then the little man replied, And, they say, a little sighed, For his little heart was big with sorrow sorrow sorrow, "My offers are but small, But you have my little all; And what we haven't got we must borrow borrow borrow." Replicuit homunculus suspiriis convulsus, Ingenti ægritudine cor parvulum perculsus, Non multa quidem profero, sed omnia relinquo; Et quicquid nobis deerit petemus a propinquo. The little man thus spoke; His heart was almost broke; And all for the sake of her charms charms charms. So the little maid relented, And softened she consented The little man to take to her arms arms arms. Sic fatur ille lacrymans ex corde desolato, Et propter pulchritudinem ad mortem vulnerato. Mollitur tum puellula, amorem et agnovit, Beatumque homunculum amplexu suo fovit. BOPIPIAS. Little Bo Peep has lost her sheep, And couldn't tell where to find 'em. Let 'em alone, and they'll come home, And bring their tails behind 'em. Parvula Bopipias amissos quæritat agnos, Nec reperire locum quo latuêre potest. Desine, Bopipias, redeuntes nocte videbis, Caudasque incolumes post sua crura ferent. ADVENÆ MENDICI. Hark, hark, the dogs do bark, The beggars have come to town; Some in rags and some in jags, And some in velvet gowns. En! cum canum latratu, Et multo ululatu; Veniunt mendici repentes, Egeni, pannosi, Squalentes, exosi, Vel sericas togas gerentes. LUNICOLA. The man in the moon came down at noon, Inquiring the way to Norwich. The man of the South has burnt his mouth, Eating cold milk porridge. Lunicola, meridie, ad terram descendebat, Et viam ad Norvicum assidue quærebat. Australis vir ineptus est et os excoriavit, Dum lacteum perfrigidum incontinens voravit. MAGI GOTHAMENSES. Three wise men of Gotham Went to sea in a bowl. If the bowl had been stronger, My song had been longer. Tres magi Gothamenses In scypho mare tranant Si cymba secura, Canenda sint plura. Cives tres docti Gothamenses æquora verrunt, Crater et fragilis corpora obesa vehit. Mox en tempestas, surguntque ad sidera fluctus. Musa dolens casum nunc memorare nequit. JACKUS ET JILLA. Jack and Jill Went up the hill, To draw a pail of water; Jack fell down And broke his crown, And Jill came tumbling after. Jackus cum Jillâ Formosâ ancillâ, Aquam hauriturus collem ascendebat; Prolabitur Jackus, Caput miserè fractus, Et Jilla desperata in fatum ruebat. FELIS IN FIDIBUS. Heigh diddle diddle, The cat and the fiddle, The cow jumped over the moon. The little dog laughed To see such a craft, And the dish ran away with the spoon. Hidideldelis, In fidibus felis, Super lunam vacca saltavit. Tum risit canicula, Visâ re tam ridiculâ, Et lanx cochleare raptavit. GRUMBO GIGAS. Fee! faw! fum! I smell the blood of an Englishman. Dead or alive, I will have some. Fe! fau! fum! Sanguinem odoror Anglicum. Seu vivum seu mortuum, Bibendum est mihi aliquantum. +Phê! phou! phôn! Haimatos osphrainomai tôn Anglôn; Ê nekron ê zôn Chairêsô pinôn.+ MILES REDUX. Who comes here? A Grenadier. What do you want? A pot of beer. Where's your money? I've forgot. Get you gone, You drunken sot. Heus! Quis illic? Ductor militiæ. Quid petis hic? Cantharum cervisiæ. Ubi moneta? Loqueris oblito. O, ebriose, In malum abito. ANSERCULA. Goosey goosey gander, Where shall you wander? Up stairs, down stairs, In my lady's chamber. Ansercula vagula, blandula, Quæ nunc abibis in loca? Sursum, deorsum, In dominæ cubiculum. LABOR ET CURA. Double double, Toil and trouble. Fire burn and Caldron bubble. Ingeminat labor, Ingeminante curâ, Cum flamma ardescit, Aqua ebullitura. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Handwriting: The following were written by hand in the original. The bookplate and the title page are definitely by the same person; the others are less certain. 1806 was Jacob Bigelow's Harvard graduation year. Bookplate: Text beginning "The Gift of..." "Harvard College Library, from Dr. Bigelow--" Title Page: "By / Jacob Bigelow" Entire "Gift of..." section, ending with parenthesized "H. U. 1806" Errata (noted by transcriber) Sprattos ômêstês stear exeleipen;+ [Greek text printed with incorrect accents on last word] PUER CÆRULEUS / C[oe]rule parve puer [inconsistent spelling unchanged] The man of the South has burnt his mouth, [. for ,] Fee! faw! fum! [hand-written correction "f/" in margin: third "f" is damaged so it looks like "r" or "i"] End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chenodia, by Jacob Bigelow *** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHENODIA *** ***** This file should be named 28745-8.txt or 28745-8.zip ***** This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: https://www.gutenberg.org/2/8/7/4/28745/ Produced by Louise Hope, David Edwards and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. *** START: FULL LICENSE *** THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at https://gutenberg.org/license). Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works 1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. 1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. 1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. 1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United States. 1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: 1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed: This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org 1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. 1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. 1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg-tm License. 1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. 1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided that - You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." - You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work. - You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. 1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. 1.F. 1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. 1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem. 1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. 1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. 1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life. Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official page at https://pglaf.org For additional contact information: Dr. Gregory B. Newby Chief Executive and Director gbnewby@pglaf.org Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS. The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit https://pglaf.org While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate. International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: https://www.gutenberg.org This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.