The Project Gutenberg EBook of The American Architect and Building News, Vol. 27, Jan-Mar, 1890, by Various This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: The American Architect and Building News, Vol. 27, Jan-Mar, 1890 Author: Various Release Date: May 24, 2007 [EBook #21596] Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICAN ARCHITECT *** Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Sam W. and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net THE AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND BUILDING NEWS VOL XXVII JANUARY-MARCH 1890 TICKNOR & CO. PUBLISHERS. 211 TREMONT ST. BOSTON. S. J. PARKHILL & CO. Printers Boston Mass. [Illustration: The AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND BUILDING NEWS] INDEX TO VOLUME XXVII. JANUARY-MARCH, 1890. Abattoirs, 128 Aberbrothwick. The Abbey of, 13 Aboriginal Races of America. The, 151 ACCIDENTS:-- Fall of a Hotel in Sydney, N.S.W., 184 " " " Scaffold, 104 " " St. Louis Academy of Music, 66 " " the Roof of the Flora Hall, Hamburg, 196 Agreement between Architect and Client, 30 Albany Capitol. Defective Gutters on the, 97 Aluminium from Bauxite, 194 Alva. Statue of the Duke of, 74 America. The Aboriginal Races of, 151 _American Architect_ Travelling-Scholarship Design for a New White House. The, 158 American Bricks, 77 A.I.A. Convention. The, 79 " Illinois Chapter of, 182 " Philadelphia Chapter, 46 " St. Louis Chapter, 206 " Washington Chapter, 43 Amsterdam. High-level Bridge for, 47 Ancient Architecture, 19, 35, 51 Andre, Architect. Death of Jules, 145 " The Career of M. Jules, 162 "Angelus." Millet's, 12 Apartment-house. The, 3 ARCHAEOLOGICAL:-- Burial Mounds, 99, 151 Cleopatra's Tomb, 141 Delphi. The Proposed Excavations at, 65 Dighton Rock. The, 93 Hissarlik Controversy. The, 144 History of Habitation. The, 149, 168 Locrian Town. The Site of a, 16 Maya. Temples of Ancient, 204 Mesopotamia. Explorations in, 160 Obelisk. Protecting the New York, 178, 207 Persian Court Art, 16 Rome. Discovery of an Ancient Viaduct in, 80 St. Emilion. The Monolithic Church of, 16 Scandinavia. Discoveries in, 63 Uxmal, 204 Vikings. The Art of the, 37, 53 Yucatan. Ancient Temples in, 204 " Exploring Expedition. A New, 112 " Ruins and Works of Art in, 58 Arches. Concrete, 1 ARCHITECT:-- New York State. The, 206 ARCHITECTS:-- Annoyances of. The, 194 Chimney-flues and, 146 Dismissal of. The Right of, 158 Examinations and Diplomas, 162 in Canada. The Registration of, 183 " Spanish America, 18 Incomes of. The, 1, 47, 127 Libel-suit Between. A, 206 New South Wales Institute of. Quarrel in the, 183 of Mons Cathedral. The, 114 Office. A Chicago, 50 Ontario Association of, 41 Philadelphia Master-Builders and the, 161 Reputation of. The Influence of Architectural Journals on the, 17 Responsibility of. The, 2, 130 Stray Thoughts for Young, 90 Suit against a Railroad. An, 194 ARCHITECTURAL:-- Club. Boston, 95 Drawings at the League Exhibition, 40, 57, 143 " Philadelphia Exhibitions of, 107, 146 Education at Munich, 181 " in France, 162 Exhibition at the Pennsylvania Academy, 107 Journals on the Reputation of Architects. The Influence of, 17 League Exhibition. The, 40, 57, 143 Prints. Arranging, 207 Shades and Shadows, 56 Styles. Changes of, 108 Water-color Drawings, 107 ARCHITECTURE:-- Ancient, 19, 35, 51 at Evanston, Ill., 118 Civil and Domestic, 19, 35, 51, 67, 83 Decoration and, 6 Funerary, 99, 115, 131, 147, 163 History of. The, 150 in Baltimore, 187 " Brooklyn, 5 of the Brooklyn Institute. Department of, 206 Military, 179, 195 Sculpture and, 7 Spanish. Sir Frederick Leighton on a Device of, 146 Study of. The, 6 Army Engineer and our Public Buildings. The, 143 Arranging Architectural Prints, 207 Art Museum. The Cost of a Small, 23 " of the Vikings. The, 37, 53 " The Tariff on Works of, 18 Artificial-ice Skating-rink. An, 145 Artists. Quarrel among French, 80 Asphalt Paving, 82 Assyrian Architecture, 20 " Fortifications, 179 " Tombs, 116, 144 Australia. Engineering Triumphs in, 106 " Letters from, 106, 183 " Roman Catholic Buildings in, 107 Automatic Sprinklers in Mills, 177 BALTIMORE:-- Architecture in, 187 Building-permits in, 97 Letters from, 187 Pennsylvania Steel Company's Works near. The, 188 Railway. The proposed "Belt Line," 188 Balveny Castle, Scotland, 61 Barye Exhibition. The, 10 Barye's English Admirer, 15 Bauxite. Aluminium from, 194 Belgian Prizes and Honors, 34 Belle Isle Dam. The Straits of, 48 Belt Line Railway for Baltimore. A, 188 Berlin Industrial Museum Exhibition, 174 " Technical College. The, 140 Beryt or Fluid Marble, 160 Bids. The Right of Revising, 194 "Black-lining"? What is, 65 Books on School-houses, 207 Borrowing Suburban Fire-Engines, 18, 146 BOSTON:-- Architectural Club, 95 Building Laws. The, 109 Fires. Water Used in, 79 Letter from, 190 Lock-out in the Freestone-Cutting Trade, 161, 177 Manufacturers Mutual Fire Insurance Company. Annual Report of, 177 Museum of Fine Arts. The, 175, 190 Society of Architects, 14 Walking-delegate's Power. A, 193 Botticher _vs._ Dr. Schliemann. Dr., 144 Bourse du Commerce, Paris. The New, 185 Brentano, Architect. Death of Signor, 130 Brick. Cheap Unbaked Colored, 176 Bricks. American, 77 Bridge at London. The Tower, 192 " for Amsterdam. High-level, 47 " Testing the Forth, 160 " The Hawkesbury Railway, 106 Bridges in China. Ancient, 96 British Museum. Electric-Light at the, 104 Brooklyn. Architecture in, 5 " Institute. Department of Architecture of the, 206 Bronze Gates for Cologne Cathedral, 135 Brunswick Monument at Geneva. The, 18 Buenos Ayres, 18 Builders. Convention of National Association of Master, 34, 81 BUILDING:-- Committee. A Competitor's Suit against a, 104 Contracts. German, 82 Laws. The Boston, 109 Permits in Baltimore, 97 Safe, 121, 135, 197 Stones. Decay of, 98 Swedish Penalties for Bad, 72 Syndicate. Proposed, 81 Trades. Troubles in the, 193 Bull-fights in Paris, 130 Bull-ring for Paris. Proposed, 50 Bureau of Ethnology's Fifth Annual Report. The, 151 Burial-mounds, 99, 151 Building and the Underwriters. Safe, 49, 97 Burmese Temples. Jewels in, 58 Burnham & Root's Office, 50 Byzantine Architecture, 52 Canada. Letters from, 41, 104, 182 " Proposed Public Buildings in, 104 " The History of Education in, 183 " The Registration of Architects in, 183 Cast-iron and its Treatment for Artistic Purposes, 201 " Pavements, 192 Castle Campbell, Scotland, 127 " of St. Angelo, Rome. The, 208 " " Vincigliata, Italy. The, 62 Casts at the Boston Art Museum, 190 Catacombs, 147 Cathedral. Bronze Gates for Cologne, 135 " Drawings at the League Exhibition, 30, 62 " of Mons. The, 114 " " St. Machar. The, 27 " Strasbourg, 153 " The Completion of Milan, 130 " Towers, 92, 102 Cathedrals. Clearing away Buildings around, 162 Cats. Egyptian Mummy, 208 Cawdor Castle, Scotland, 110 Celtic Tumuli, 99 Cement. Palming off Poor, 113 Cemented Surfaces. Painting on, 146 Cemeteries. Mediaeval, 164 Cemetery Vaults, 47 Centennial Hall, Sydney, N.S.W., 184 Charges. A Question of, 207 CHICAGO:-- Letters from, 118, 182 Suburban Building in. Rapid Transit and, 182 World's Fair. The, 177, 182 Chimney. A Tall, 16 " flues. Architects and, 146 China. Ancient Bridges in, 96 Chinese Architecture, 19 Christians. The Primitive, 147 Church-restoring by Lottery, 128 " Towers, 91, 92, 102 Churches. The Picturesque Lighting of, 146 Cippi, 134 Circular Annoyance. The, 194 "City of the Gods," Mexico. The, 172 Civil and Domestic Architecture, 19, 35, 51, 67, 83 Clark, Architect. Death of George, 63 Cleopatra's Tomb, 141 Clerk-of-works Question. The, 79, 111, 159 Cohesive Construction, 123 Cologne Cathedral. Bronze Gates for, 135 " " Clearing away Buildings around, 162 Color Changes in New York Buildings, 108 Colored Brick. Cheap unbaked, 176 Columbaria, 134 Columns. Ventilating Wooden, 31 Commission on a Standing Party-wall, 142 Commissioner of the Albany Capital The, 206 Commissions. The Question of, 31, 159 Compensation. A Question of, 207 COMPETITIONS:-- Drawings, 40, 62, 65 Grant Monument. The, 145 Hartford Railroad Station. The, 194 Montreal Insane Asylum, 104 New York Episcopal Cathedral, 40, 62 Quebec City-hall. The, 63 Sheffield Municipal Buildings. The, 33 Competitor's Suit against a Building-committee. A, 104 Composite Metal. A New, 93 Concentrated Residence in various Countries, 88, 119 Concrete Arches, 1 "Concrete." Laying a Foundation of Dry, 113 Concrete. Wrong Methods of Mixing, 114 Conde. Fremiet's Figure of, 76 Congressional Palace. The Mexican, 96 Construction. Cohesive, 123 " German, 155 " Improvements in Mill, 177 " Slow-burning, 29, 97 Contract. The Lowell City-hall, 194 " " "Standard Form" of, 81 " taking Labor Syndicates, 194 Contracting Syndicate. Proposed, 81 Contractors. Great, 95 Contractor's Profit-sharing. A, 2, 43 Contracts. German Building, 82 " Importance of Written, 65 Convention of National Association of Master-Builders, 34, 81 Copan in Yucatan. The Ruins of, 59 Copper-rolling. Remarkable, 80 Corrections, 79 Cotman. John Sell, 174 Count and his Machine. A Mysterious, 112 County Council. The London, 104 Coverings for Steam-pipes, 22, 157 Craigievar Castle, Scotland, 189 Dalmeny Church, Scotland, 189 Dam. The Straits of Belle Isle, 48 Dangers of Electricity. The, 15, 27 Dead. The Disposition of the, 24 Deaths from Electricity, 15, 27 Decay of Building Stones. The, 98 Decoration and Architecture, 6 Decorative Paintings in the new Bourse du Commerce, Paris. The, 185 Delphi. The Proposed Excavations at, 65 Dessication of the Dead, 25 Dighton Rock. The, 93 Directory. A Lamp-post, 98 Dismissal of an Architect. The Right of, 158 Divining-rod. The, 15 Domes. Spires, Towers and, 91, 101 Domestic Architecture. Civil and, 19, 35, 51, 67, 83 Doors. Fire, 156 Drawing Instruments. A Yale Professor's Trouble through Prescribing, 66 Drawings at Architectural League Exhibition, 40, 57, 143 " " Philadelphia. Exhibition of Architectural, 107, 146 " "Black-lining" Competition, 65 Durand, Architect. Death of George F., 1 Duty on Window-glass. The, 31 Earnings of Architects. The, 1 East River Tunnel. The Proposed, 178 Education in Canada. The History of, 183 Effigies. Funeral, 164 Egyptian Architecture, 20 " Fortifications. Ancient, 179 " Tombs, 99, 115 Eight-hour Movement. The, 1, 93, 194 ELECTRIC:-- Light at the British Museum, 104 Lights and Motors, 79 Railways, 64, 111, 128 Reading light for Railways, 50 Welding, 176 Wire. The Queen of Greece and an, 128 Electrical Terms, 44 Electricity and Insurance, 79 " The Dangers of, 15, 27 Elevator in Stockholm. An American, 111 Emperor Frederick. A Statue of the, 208 Engine. A new Style of Railway, 82 Engineer and our Public Buildings. The Army, 143 ENGINEERING:-- Bridge. A complete Account of the Forth, 177 " for Amsterdam. High-level, 47 " London's Tower, 192 " Testing the Forth, 160 " The Hawkesbury Railway, 106 " in China. Ancient, 96 Dam. The Straits of Belle Isle, 48 Docks at Vizagapatam. Mud, 63 Electric Railways, 64, 111 Elevator in Stockholm. American, 111 Railroad. A Pneumatic Street, 95 " for Baltimore. A Proposed Belt-line, 188 Tower for the Exhibition of 1892. High, 177 " The Watkin, 16, 105 Tunnel. The East River, 178 " " St. Clair River, 128 " " Washington Aqueduct, 103 Water-power. A Remarkable, 47 "Entombment" in Mexico. A Titian, 60 Entombment. Sanitary, 24 Episcopal Cathedral, New York, Competition, 40, 62 Equestrian Monuments, 72, 170 Estimates. Builders' and Sub-Contractors', 161 Ethnology's Fifth Annual Report. The Bureau of, 151 Etruscan Architecture, 36 " Tombs, 131 Evanston, Ill. Architecture at, 118 Evaporation of Water in Traps, 15 Examinations and Diplomas. Architects', 162 EXHIBITION:-- Architectural League. The, 40, 57, 143 Boston Architectural Club, 95 of 1892. The Chicago, 177 EXHIBITIONS:-- of Architectural Drawings at Philadelphia, 107, 146 EXPOSITION OF 1889:-- Algerian Pavilion at the, 105 Buildings of the, 21, 105 Cairo Street at the, 105 Cochin-Chinese Pavilion at the, 106 Colonial Sections at the, 105 Double Statue at the, 32 Forestry Pavilion at the, 105 History of Habitation at the, 149, 168 Indian Pavilion at the, 105 Palaces of Liberal and Fine Arts, 21 Pavilions at the. The City of Paris, 21 Portuguese Pavilion at the, 105 Sanitary Exhibits at the, 21 Spanish Pavilion at the, 105 Tunisian Pavilion at the, 106 Views of Old Paris at the, 21 Fall of a Hotel in Sydney, N.S.W., 184 " " St. Louis Academy of Music, 66 " " the Roof of the Flora Hall, Hamburg, 196 Ferstel. Baron, 66 Feudal Military Architecture, 195 Fifteenth Century "Working-day." A, 155 FIRE:-- Apparatus, 29 Backs, 201, 203 Destruction of Toronto University by, 182 Doors, 156 Engines. Borrowing Suburban, 18, 146 in Secretary Tracy's House. The, 186 Loss. Reducing the, 28 Fireplace Throat. The Open, 159 Fireproof Floor. The Schneider, 158 " Whitewash, 208 FIRES:-- in American Cities, 97 " Mills. Extinguishing, 177 Water Used in Boston, 79 "Flats," 3 Flues. Floor-beams and, 146 Floor. Beams and Flues, 146 " The Schneider Fireproof, 158 Font in St. Peter Mancroft, 62 Forth Bridge Issue of "_Engineering_," 177 " " Testing the, 160 Fortifications. Ancient Egyptian, 179 " Assyrian, 179 " Greek, 179 " Modern, 195 " Roman, 180 Foundation of Dry "Concrete." A, 113 Foundations. A New Process of Preparing, 160 France. Architectural Education in, 162 Frederick the Great's Tomb, 144 Freestone-Cutters. Lock-out among Boston, 161, 177 Fremiet's Figure of Conde, 76 French Architects. Proposed Licensing of, 162 " " The Responsibility of, 2 Frost on Stone. The Action of, 98 Funerary Architecture, 99, 115, 131, 147, 163 Gallic Architecture, 52 Garnier's History of Habitation, 149, 168 Gates for Cologne Cathedral. Bronze, 135 Geneva. The Brunswick Monument at, 16 German Building Contracts, 82 " Construction, 155 Glass. The Duty on Window, 31 " The Salviati Murano, 207 " Lined Tubes for Underground Wires, 160 Grant Monument Competition. The, 145 Gravity Transit, 178 Great Wall of China. The, 19 Greek Architecture, 35 " Fortifications, 179 " Mouldings, 139 " Tombs, 131 "Gods," Mexico. "The City of the," 172 Gustavus Adolphus. Statue of, 74 Gutters on the Albany Capitol. Defective, 97 Habitation. History of, 149, 168 Halls. The Sizes of Some Large, 184 Hand _vs._ Machine Work, 108 Hawkesbury Railway Bridge. The, 106 Hawthorn Tree of Cawdor. The, 110 Hay Fuel, 159 Heat. Loss of Power by Radiation of, 22, 157 Heating by Hot-water, 33 Hindoo Architecture, 19 " Tombs, 148 History of Habitation, 149, 168 Horse in Sculpture. The, 72, 170 Hot-water Heating, 33 Hotel. A Paper, 160 " at the Pyramids. A, 160 House of St. Simon, Angouleme, 61 Houses for Workingmen, 105 Hungary. Railway Zones in, 178 Hydraulic Power in London, 155 " Pressure. Rocks Upheaved by, 26 Hypogea, 115 Ice for Domestic Use, 34 " Skating-rink. An Artificial, 145 " The Power of, 118 Illinois Chapter A.I.A. The, 182 Incomes of Architects. The, 1, 47, 127 India-rubber Paving, 192 Industrial Museum. The Berlin, 174 Inspection of Buildings in New York, 31 " " School-houses. State, 129 Insurance. A Question of, 18, 146 " and Electricity, 79 " and Safe Building, 49, 97 " Company. Annual Report of Boston Manufacturers Mutual Fire, 177 " Companies and Building Construction. The, 49, 97 Interiors. Photographing, 96 International Edition. Our, 17, 18, 65 Iron and its Treatment for Artistic Purposes. Cast, 201 Japanese Collections at the Boston Art Museum. The, 192 Jewels in Burmese Temples, 58 Jewish Architecture, 20 Judean Tombs, 117 Keely, Architect. Death of Charles, 18 Kirby's Drawings. Mr. H. P., 107 Labor Syndicates. Contract-taking, 194 " Troubles, 130, 161, 177, 193 Lamp-post Directory. A, 98 Land Values in Milwaukee, 160 "Lantern of the Dead." The, 164 Laths. A Corner in, 192 Lead-pencils, 178 League Exhibition. The Architectural, 40, 57, 143 Leclere Prize. The Achille, 50 LEGAL:-- Alterations and Old Material, 109 Boston Building Laws. The, 109 Commission on a Standing Party-wall, 142 Compensation for Designs, 31 Competitor's Suit against a Building-committee. A, 104 Contracts. Importance of Written, 65 Dismissal. Right of, 158 Libel Suit between Architects. A, 206 Lien Law. The New Rhode Island, 113 Owner's Right to Build. An, 97 Responsibility of Architects. The, 2, 130 Suit against a Railroad. An Architect's, 194 "Trolley" System. Decision against the, 128 Understanding between Architect and Client, 159 Van Beers Suits. The, 80 Leighton on a Device of Spanish Architecture. Sir Frederick, 146 LETTERS FROM:-- Australia, 106, 183 Boston, 190 Canada, 41, 104, 182 Chicago, 118, 182 London, 42, 104 New York, 108 Paris, 21, 105, 185 Philadelphia, 197 Washington, 43, 186 Libel-suit between Architects. A, 206 Licensing of Architects. The, 162 Lien Law. The New Rhode Island, 113 Light-house at Houstholm. The, 88 Lighting Effects. Picturesque Interior, 146 Lime in Architect's Specifications, 161 Lock-out among Boston Freestone-Cutters, 161, 177 Locomotive. A New Style of, 82 Locrian Town. The Site of a, 16 LONDON:-- British Museum. Electric-light at the, 104 County Council. The, 104 Houses for Workingmen, 105 Hydraulic Power. The Distribution of, 155 Letters from, 42, 104 National Portrait Gallery. The New, 208 Prize-men of the R.I.B.A., 104 St. Saviour's, Southwark, 43 Subways for. Proposed, 43 Tower Bridge. The, 192 Waterhouse's Annual Address before the R.I.B.A. Mr., 42 Watkin Tower. The, 16, 105 Lottery. Church Restoring by, 128 Louis XIV. Equestrian Statues of, 170 Lowell City-hall Contracts. The, 194 Machine-work. Hand _vs._, 103 Magnesia Coverings for Steam-pipes, 23, 157 Manual Training-school Pupils, 96 Marble and Freestone Cutters, 161 " Beryt or Fluid, 160 Marcus Curtius. Statue of, 172 Massachusetts. State Inspection of School-houses in, 129 Master-builders' Attempt to Discipline Architects. The Philadelphia, 161 Mausoleums, 133 Maximilian at Innsbruck. Tomb of, 61 Maximilian I. Statue of, 76 Maya. Temples of Ancient, 204 McAlpine, Civil Engineer. Death of, W. J., 129 McArthur, Jr., Architect. Death of John, 33 " " The Late John, 48 Mediaeval Architecture, 52, 67 " Cemeteries, 164 " Tombs, 163 Mesopotamia. Explorations in, 160 Metal. A new Composite, 93 Mexican Congressional Palace. The Proposed, 96 " Pyramids, 172 Mexico. A Titian "Entombment" in, 60 " "The City of the Gods," 172 Milan Cathedral. The Completion of, 130 Military Architecture, 179, 195 Mill-construction. Improvements in, 177 Millet's "Angelus," 12 Milwaukee. Land Values in, 160 Missouri State Association of Architects, 46 Modern Fortifications, 195 " Tombs, 166 Monolithic Church of St. Emilion, 16 Mons. The Cathedral of, 114 Monument to the Emperor William. National, 32 " " Prison-ship Martyrs, 128 Monuments. Equestrian, 72, 170 " Funerary, 99, 115, 131, 147, 163 " New York, 151 Mosaic. The Salviati, 208 Mouldings. Greek, 139 Mud-docks at Vizagapatam, 63 Mummy Cats. Egyptian, 208 Munich. The Royal Polytechnicum at, 181 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. The, 175, 190 " The Cost of a small, 23 Mussulman Architecture, 52 Naples. Heavy Rains at, 95 National Portrait Gallery, London. The New, 208 Natural-gas Supply. The, 32 Neutral Axis. To Find the, 111 New South Wales Institute of Architects. Quarrel in the, 183 NEW YORK:-- Architectural League Exhibition, 40, 57, 143 Architecture. Color in, 108 Barye Exhibition. The, 10 City-hall Park. The, 138 East River Tunnel. The, 178 Episcopal Cathedral Competition. The, 40, 62 Inspection of Buildings in, 31 Letters from, 108 Monuments, 151 Obelisk. The Protection of the, 178, 207 Paintings at the Barye Exhibition, 11 Tenement-houses, 89, 119 Newark Architectural Sketch-Club, 30 Northwestern University. The Buildings of the, 118 Nun. A Written Contract Necessary even when Dealing with a, 65 Oak-trees built into Chimney-walls, 146 " Warfare on, 10 Obelisk. Protection of the New York, 198, 207 OBITUARY:-- Andre. Jules, Architect, 145 Brentano. Signor, Architect, 130 Clark. George, Architect, 63 Durand. George F., Architect, 1 Keely. Charles, Architect, 18 McAlpine. W. J., Civil Engineer, 129 McArthur, Jr. John, Architect, 33 Oudinot. Eugene, Glass-stainer, 81 Roberts. E. L., Architect, 177 Sidel. Edouard, Architect, 113 Wells. Joseph M., Architect, 95 Office. A Chicago Architect's, 50 Ontario Association of Architects, 41 Open-fireplace Throat. The, 159 Oriental Textiles at Berlin, 175 " Tombs, 148 Oudinot, Glass-stainer. Death of Eugene, 81 Owner's Right to Build. An, 97 Paint for Underground Work. A Cheap, 146 Painting on Cemented Surfaces, 146 Paintings at the Barye Exhibition, 11 " " " Boston Art Museum, 191 Palace of San Giorgio, Genoa, 64 Paper Hotel. A, 160 Paraffine Process used on the Egyptian Obelisk. The, 178, 207 PARIS:-- Bourse du Commerce. The New, 185 Bull-fights in, 130 Bull-ring Proposed for. A, 50 Halle au Ble. The, 185 Lamp-post Directory. A, 98 Letters from, 21, 105, 185 Model School-house. A, 82 Peabody Homes in, 56 Plasterers, 94 _Salons_. The Proposed two, 80 Skating-rink. An Artificial Ice, 145 PARIS EXPOSITION:-- Algerian Pavilion at the, 105 Buildings of the, 21, 105 Cairo Street at the, 105 Cochin-Chinese Pavilion at the, 106 Colonial Sections at the, 105 Double Statue at the, 32 Forestry Pavilion at the, 105 History of Habitation at the, 149, 168 Indian Pavilion at the, 105 Palaces of Liberal and Fine Arts, 21 Pavilions at the. The City of Paris, 21 Portuguese Pavilion at the, 105 Sanitary Exhibits at the, 21 Spanish Pavilion at the, 105 Tunisian Pavilion at the, 106 Views of Old Paris at the, 21 Pavement. India-rubber, 192 Pavements. Cast-iron, 192 Paving. Asphalt, 82 Peabody Homes in Paris, 56 Pencils. Lead, 178 Persian Court Art, 16 " Tombs, 117 PHILADELPHIA:-- Architectural Exhibition at the Art Club, 146 " " at the Penn. Academy, 107 Chapter, A.I.A., 46 Letters from, 107 Master-builders' Attempt to Discipline Architects. The, 161 T-Square Club, 206 Phoenician Architecture, 20 " Tombs, 117 Photographing Interiors, 96 Pirating Sculpture, 160 Planning of School-buildings. The, 81 Plaster-of-Paris and Marshmallow, 48 Plasterers. Paris, 94 Plate-glass. Protecting, 8 " Works Convention. The, 176 Pneumatic Street Railroad. A, 95 Polytechnicum at Munich. The Royal, 181 Polytechnique. The Zurich, 154 Power in London. Hydraulic, 155 " Lost by Radiation of Heat, 22, 156 Prehistoric Ruins of Yucatan. The, 58 Prints. Arranging Architectural, 207 Prison-ship Martyrs' Monument. The, 128 Prize-winners. The R.I.B.A., 104 Profit-sharing. A Contractor's, 2, 43 Protecting Building Stone, 98 Public Buildings in Canada. Proposed, 104 Pueblo Indians and the Works of the Rio Grande Irrigation Co. The, 63 Pyramids, 100 " A Hotel at the, 160 " Mexican, 172 Quebec City-hall Competition. The, 63 Queen of Greece and an Electric-wire. The, 128 Radiation of Heat. Loss of Power by, 22, 156 Railroad. A Pneumatic Street, 95 " An Architect's Suit against a, 194 Railway Bridge. The Hawkesbury, 106 " Zones in Hungary, 178 Railways. Electric, 64, 111, 128 Rains at Naples. Heavy, 95 Rantzau. Statuette of Marshal, 76 Rapid Transit for Chicago, 182 Ravenna. The Early Christian Tombs at, 147 Reading-light for Railways. Electric, 50 Registration of Architects in Canada. The, 183 Renaissance Architecture, 69 " Tombs, 165 Report of Boston Manufacturers Mutual Fire Insurance Company. Annual, 177 " The Bureau of Ethnology's Fifth Annual, 151 Reputation of Architects. The Influence of Architectural Journals on the, 17 Residence in Various Countries. Concentrated, 88, 119 Responsibility of Architects. The, 2, 130 Revising Bids. The Right of, 194 Rhode Island Lien Law. The New, 113 Richardson, H. H., 145 Rio Janeiro. The Sewage of, 156 Roberts, Architect. Death of E. L., 177 Rock. The Dighton, 93 Rocks Upheaved by Hydraulic Pressure, 26 Roman Architecture, 36, 51 " Catholic Buildings in Australia, 107 " Fortifications, 180 " Tombs, 133 Romanesque Tombs, 163 ROME:-- Castle of St. Angelo. The, 208 Vandalism in, 79 Vatican Museum. The, 208 Viaduct in. Discovery of an Ancient, 80 Rotting. To Prevent Wood from, 146 Royal Institute of British Architects. Prize-winners, 104 Ruskin and His Work. John, 49 Safe Building, 121, 135, 197 St. Alban's Abbey. The Restoration of, 42 " Angelo, Rome. The Castle of, 208 " Clair River Tunnel. The, 128 " Emilion. The Monolithic Church of, 16 " Louis Academy of Music. Fall of, 66 " " Chapter, A.I.A., 206 " Regulus Church. St. Andrews, 45 " Salvator's Church, St. Andrews, 46 " Saviour's, Southwark. The Restoration of, 43 " Sebald. Restoring the Church of, 128 _Salons_. The Proposed Two, 80 Salviati. Death of Dr., 208 Sandstone. The Structure of, 9 Sandy Foundations, 160 SANITARY:-- Concentrated Residence in Various Countries, 88, 119 Dessication of the Dead, 25 Entombment, 24 Exhibits at the Paris Exposition, 21 Inspection of New York Buildings, 31 Sewage of Rio Janeiro. The, 156 Tenement-houses, 88, 119 Ventilation of School-buildings, 82, 129 Sarcophagi, 163 Scaffold Accidents, 104 Scandinavian Art, 37, 53, 63 Schliemann _vs._ Dr. Botticher. Dr., 144 Schmiedbarenguss, 93 Schneider Fireproof Floor. The, 158 Scholar. Our Travelling. 153, 181 School-buildings. The Planning of, 81 " House at Evanston, Ill. A, 118 " " The Model, 82 " Houses. Books on, 207 " " The Ventilation of 82, 129 Sculpture and Architecture, 7 " Pirating, 160 " The Horse in, 72, 170 Sewage of Rio Janeiro. The, 156 Sgraffito-work, 154 Shades and Shadows. Architectural, 56 Sidel, Architect. Death of Edouard, 113 Skating-rink in Paris. An Artificial-Ice, 145 Slater Memorial Museum. The, 23 Slow-burning Construction, 29, 97 Soldiers' Home at Washington. The, 143 South America. Architects in, 18 Spanish Architecture. A Device of, 146 Specifications Should be _Specific_. Good, 161 "Spectator" on the Underwriters' Interest in Building. The, 49 Spires, Towers and Domes, 91, 101 Sprinklers in Mills. Automatic, 177 Stand-pipes and the Underwriters, 49 State Architect. The New York, 206 Statue Giving a Double Image, 32 " of the Emperor Frederick. A, 208 Steam-pipes and Woodwork, 48 " Coverings for, 22, 156 Steel Company's Works near Baltimore. The Pennsylvania, 188 Stelae, 99, 115 Stevens, Sculptor. Alfred, 201, 203 Stockholm. An American Elevator in, 111 Stones. The Decay of Building, 98 Straightening Walls, 22 Strasbourg Cathedral, 153 " University, 154 Stray Thoughts for Young Architects, 90 Strikes and Lockouts. Threatened, 130 Styles. Changes of Architectural, 108 Subterranean Tombs, 115, 147 Suburban Building in Chicago, 132 Subways in London. Proposed, 43 Suspension-bridges. Chinese, 96 Swedish Penalties for Bad Building, 72 Syndicate. Proposed Contracting, 81 Syndicates. Contract-taking Labor, 191 Tapestries at Berlin. Exhibition of Textiles and, 174 Tariff on Works of Art. The, 18 Taxation of Roman Catholic Property in Montreal. The Exemption from, 42 Technical College. The Berlin, 140 Temples of Ancient Maya, 204 Tenement-houses, 88, 119 Teotihuacan, Mexico, 172 Testing the Forth Bridge, 160 Textiles and Tapestries at Berlin. Exhibition of, 174 Thirty Year's War. The, 72 Thoughts for Young Architects. Stray, 90 Titian "Entombment" in Mexico. A, 60 Tobacco in England. The first Use of, 110 Tomb. Cleopatra's, 141 " Frederick the Great's, 144 " of Cecilia Metella, 134 " " Maximilian at Innsbruck, 61 TOMBS:-- Assyrian, 116 Egyptian, 99, 115 Etruscan, 131 Greek, 131 Hindoo, 148 Judean, 117 Mediaeval, 163 Modern, 166 Oriental, 148 Persian, 117 Phoenician, 117 Renaissance, 165 Roman, 133 Romanesque, 163 Subterranean, 115, 147 TORONTO:-- Architectural Sketch-Club, 142 Burning of the University. The, 182 Proposed Improvements in, 42 Tower for the Exhibition of 1892. High, 177 " The Watkin, 16, 105 Towers and Domes. Spires, 91, 101 Towns. The Laying-out of, 184 Tracy's House. The Fire in Secretary, 186 Trade Surveys, 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 144, 160, 176, 192, 208 Trades-unions, 193 Training-school Pupils, 96 Traps. Evaporation of Water in, 15 Travelling-Scholar. Our, 153, 181 "Trolley" System. Decision against the, 128 T-Square Club, Philadelphia. The, 206 Tumuli. Celtic, 99 Tunnel. The East River, 178 " " St. Clair River, 128 " " Washington Aqueduct, 103 Underground Wires. Glass-lined Tubes for, 160 " Work. A Cheap Paint for, 146 Understanding between Architect and Client. The, 159 Underwriter's Interest in Building. The _Spectator_ on the, 49 Undermining. Well-sinking by, 98 University. Strasbourg, 154 Uxmal, 204 Van Beers. The Artist Jan, 80 Vandalism in Rome, 79 Vane in Burmah. A Jewelled, 58 Vatican. Art at the, 208 Ventilating Wooden Columns, 31 Ventilation of School-buildings, 82, 129 Verplanck Homestead. The, 26 Viaduct in Rome. Discovery of an Ancient, 80 Vikings. The Art of the, 37, 53 Walking Delegate. The Power of a, 193 Wall. Collapse of a Retaining, 113 Walls. Straightening, 22 Walnut Logs, 192 Warren's Sketches at the League Exhibition. Mr., 57, 143 WASHINGTON:-- Aqueduct Tunnel. The, 103 Building in. Recent and Future, 44 Chapter, A.I.A., 43 Letters from, 43, 186 Railroad. A Pneumatic Street, 95 Soldiers' Home Building. The, 143 Tracy's House. The Fire in Secretary, 186 Water-color Drawings. Architectural, 107 " Painting. Books on, 31 Waterhouse's Annual Address before the R.I.B.A. Mr., 42 Water-power. A Remarkable, 47 " supply of London. The, 156 " used in Boston Fires, 79 Watkin Tower. The, 16, 105 Wattle-tree. The, 10 Welding. Electric, 176 Well-sinking by Undermining, 98 Wells, Architect. Death of Joseph M., 95 White House. The _American Architect_ Travelling-scholarship Design for a new, 158 Whitewash. Fireproof, 208 Will. The Power of the, 112 William of Orange. Statue of, 74 Wood from Rotting. To Prevent, 146 "Working-day." A Fifteenth-century, 155 Working-drawings, 63 World's Fair. The Chicago, 177, 182 Yucatan. Ancient Temples of, 204 " Exploring Expedition. A New, 112 " Ruins and Works of Art in, 58 Zones in Hungary. Railway, 178 ILLUSTRATIONS. [_The figures refer to the number of the journal, and not to the page._] DETAILS. Old Iron and Brasswork at Providence, R.I., 737 Renaissance Doorways, Toulouse, France, 737 DWELLINGS. Balveny Castle, Scotland, 735 Block of Houses for E. K. Greene, Kearney, Neb. Frank, Bailey & Farmer, Architects, 741 Cottage at Tuxedo, N.Y. Renwick, Aspinwall & Russell, Architects, 744 " for Dr. T. H. Willard, Jr., Greenville, N.Y. Adolph Haak, Architect, 737 House at Malden, Mass. Chamberlin & Whidden, Architects, 738 " " Rochester, N.Y. W. C. Walker, Architect, 736 HOUSE OF:-- J. R. Burnett, Orange, N.J. F. W. Beall, Architect, 743 C. H. Elmendorff, Kearney, Neb. Frank, Bailey & Farmer, Architects, 737 C. De Lacey Evan, Ruxton, Md. E. G. W. Dietrich, Architect, 734 Geo. W. Frank, Kearney, Neb. Frank, Bailey & Farmer, Architects, 743 Capt. Jesse H. Freeman, Brookline, Mass. W. A. Rodman, Architect, 738 Prof. C. E. Hart, New Brunswick, N.J. H. R. Marshall, Archt., 736 J. H. Howe, Rochester, N.Y. Nolan Bros., Architects, 736 Julius Howells, Chicago, Ill. Wm. H. Pfau, Architect, 740 A. H. Stem, Minnetonka Beach, Minn. A. H. Stem, Architect, 741 W. S. Wells, Newport, R.I. G. E. Harding & Co., Architects, 736 Albert Will, Rochester, N.Y. Otto Block, Architect, 735 Houses for Potter Palmer, Chicago, Ill. C. M. Palmer, Architect, 735 " " Dr. A. Wharton, St. Paul, Minn. A. H. Stem, Architect, 739 Netley Corners, Minneapolis, Minn. J. C. Plant, Architect, 744 Premises of G. G. Booth, Detroit, Mich. Mason & Rice, Architects, 740 Suggestion for the Executive Mansion by Theodore F. Laist. Successful Design for the American Architect Travelling-Scholarship. Workman's Dwelling-house on the Cohesive System, 739 ECCLESIASTICAL. Aberbrothwick Abbey, Arbroath, Scotland, 732 Baptist Church, Gardiner, Me. Stevens & Cobb, Architects, 737 Cathedral of St. Machar, Aberdeen, Scotland, 733 Chapel, St. Paul's School, Concord, N.H. Henry Vaughan, Architect, 742 Competitive Design for First Baptist Church, Malden, Mass. Lewis & Phipps, Architects, 740 COMPETITIVE DESIGN FOR THE:-- Cathedral of St. John the Divine, New York, N.Y. Glenn Brown, Architect, 732 Cram & Wentworth, Architects, 738 (_Imp._) B. G. Goodhue, Architect, 738 (_Imp._) J. R. Rhind, Architect, 743 (_Imp._) Congregational Church, Wakefield, Mass. Hartwell & Richardson, Architects, 744 Dalmeny Church, Linlithgow, Scotland, 743 (_Imp._) Design for Presbyterian Church, Memphis, Tenn. W. Albert Swasey, Architect, 742 First Baptist Church, Elmira, N.Y. Pierce & Dockstader, Architects, 739 Memorial "Church of the Angels," Los Angeles, Cal. E. A. Coxhead, Architect, 733 St. Augustine Roman Catholic Church Buildings, Brooklyn, N.Y. Parfitt Bros., Architects, 733 " Luke's Church, Mansfield, O. W. G. Preston, Architect, 744 " Regulus's Church, St. Andrews, Scotland, 734 (_Imp._) " Salvator's Church, St. Andrews, Scotland, 734 (_Imp._) Sketch for a Church. Edward Stotz, Architect, 742 Throop Ave. Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn, N.Y. Fowler & Hough, Architects, 742 EDUCATIONAL. High School, Cambridge, Mass. Chamberlin & Austin, Architects, 743 " " Los Angeles, Cal. J. N. Preston & Son, Architects, 738 School-house, Lewiston, Me. Geo. F. Coombs, Architect, 735 University, Strasbourg, Germany. Prof. Worth, Architect, 741 FOREIGN. Aberbrothwick Abbey, Arbroath, Scotland, 732 Balveny Castle, Scotland, 735 Cathedral of St. Machar, Aberdeen, Scotland, 733 Central Dome of Exhibition Buildings, Paris, France, 740 Dalmeny Church, Linlithgow, Scotland, 743 (_Imp._) Hall, Craigievar Castle, Aberdeen, Scotland, 743 (_Imp._) Renaissance Doorways, Toulouse, France, 737 St. Regulus's Church, St. Andrews, Scotland, 734 (_Imp._) " Salvator's Church, St. Andrews, Scotland, 734 (_Imp._) Tower, St. Etienne du Mont, Paris, France, 737 Town Hall, Sydney, N.S.W., 743 University, Strasbourg, Germany. Prof. Worth, Architect, 741 HOTELS. Alicia Springs Hotel, Pennfield, Pa. E. Culver, Architect, 738 Hotel de Soto, Savannah, Ga. W. G. Preston, Architect, 733 Sketch for Hotel at Norton, Va. Geo. T. Pearson, Architect, 734 INTERIORS. Hall, Craigievar Castle, Aberdeen, Scotland, 743 (_Imp._) " in House of W. R. Ray, Los Angeles, Cal. W. Redmore Ray, Architect, 740 Sitting-room in House of J. H. Howe, Rochester, N.Y. Nolan Bros., Architects, 736 MERCANTILE. Anniston City Land Co. Building, Anniston, Ala. Chisolm & Green, Architects, 734 Building for the Boston Real Estate Trust. Cabot, Everett & Mead, Architects, 744 Design for an Office-building, Boston, Mass. C. H. Blackall, Archt., 734 Factory Building, on the Cohesive System, 739 Sketch of Store, Boston, Mass. Wait & Cutter, Architects, 732 MISCELLANEOUS. Alcove Sleeping-car, 742 Heads of Mexican Gods, 742 Vault, Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, N.Y. Renwick, Aspinwall & Russell, Architects, 744 PUBLIC. Central Dome of Exhibition Buildings, Paris, France, 740 Town-hall, East Providence, R.I. W. K. Walker & Son, Architects, 738 " Sydney, N.S.W., 743 RAILROAD. Competitive Designs for Railroad-stations, by the Rochester Architectural Sketch Club, 738 STABLES. Sketch of Stable, Paterson, N.J. C. Edwards, Architect, 735 TOWERS AND SPIRES. Tower, St. Etienne du Mont, Paris, France, 737 " Sketched from the Competitive Design of C. B. Atwood, Architect, for the New City-hall, New York, N.Y., 736 Town Clock-tower. Designed by Willis Polk, Architect, 736 BARONIAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL ANTIQUITIES OF SCOTLAND. Aberbrothwick Abbey, 732 Balveny Castle, 735 Castle Campbell, 739 (_Int._) Cawdor Castle, 738 (_Int._) Craigievar Castle, 743 (_Imp._) Dalmeny Church, 743 (_Imp._) St. Machar's Cathedral, 733 " Regulus's Church, 734 (_Imp._) " Salvator's Church, 734 (_Imp._) ROTCH SCHOLARSHIP DRAWINGS. [_Published only in the Imperial and International Editions._] Angers Cathedral, 734 (_Imp._) Catania, 734 (_Imp._) Notre Dame, Poitiers, 734 (_Imp._) Pierrefonds, 734 (_Imp._) St. Ours, Loches, 731 (_Imp._) ILLUSTRATIONS.--INTERNATIONAL EDITION. [_The figures refer to the number of the journal and not to the page._] COLORED PRINTS. [_Published only in the Imperial and International Editions._] Detail of Entrance, Osborn Hall, New Haven, Conn. Bruce Price, Architect, 744 (_Imp._) House of W. A. Burnham, Boston, Mass. E. C. Curtis, Archt., 739 (_Imp._) Ruined Chapel of Charles V, Yuste, Spain, 732 Street View in Dinan, France, 736 Torre del Vino, Alhambra, Granada, Spain, 732 U.S. Trust Co.'s Building, New York, N.Y. R. W. Gibson, Architect, 734 (_Imp._) DETAILS. Capitals from Chamber of Commerce, Cincinnati, O. H. H. Richardson and Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge, _Successors_, Architects, 740 (_Gel._) Detail of Entrance, Osborn Hall, New Haven, Conn. Bruce Price, Architect, 744 (_Gel._) Entrance, Holcombe, Chatham, Eng. John Belcher, Architect, 739 Font and Canopy, St. Peter, Mancroft, Norwich, Eng. Frank T. Baggallay, Architect, 735 House-gable on Taubenstrasse, Berlin, Germany. Herr Holst, Architect, 742 (_Gel._) Piers of the Cathedral Portico, Lucca, Italy, 739 (_Gel._) Porte Cochere, Paris, France, 744 (_Gel._) Portico, Ecole de Medicine, Paris, France, 741 (_Gel._) Window in Grisaille Glass. W. R. Lethaby, Designer, 740 Wrought-iron Gates, Chelmsford, Eng., 732 DWELLINGS. A Country House. Horace R. Appelbee, Architect, 732 Black Knoll, Brockenhurst, Eng. R. T. Blomfield, Architect, 742 Butler's Wood, Chislehurst, Eng. Ernest Newton, Architect, 733 Castle Campbell, Clackmannan, Scotland, 739 Cawdor Castle, Nairn, Scotland, 738 Chateau de Josselin, Morbihan, France, 733 (_Gel._) Coombe Warren, Kingston, England. George Devey, Architect, 732, 734 Folkton Manor House, Eng. E. J. May, Architect, 743 Hall Place, Tonbridge, Eng. George Devey, Architect, 741 Holcombe, Chatham, Eng. John Belcher, Architect, 735, 738 House at Exeter, Eng. James Crocker, Architect, 733 " " Goring-on-Thames, Eng. Geo. W. Webb, Architect, 740 " " Tunbridge Wells, Eng. George Devey, Architect, 741 House-gable on Taubenstrasse, Berlin, Germany. Herr Holst, Archt., 742 (_Gel._) House, James St., Buckingham Gate, London, Eng. R. T. Blomfield, Architect, 742 " near Birmingham, Eng. Essex & Nicol, Architects, 743 HOUSE OF:-- J. Benic, Karlstadt, Austria. Hans Pruckner, Architect, 743 (_Gel._) Mrs. Charles Blake, Boston, Mass. Sturgis & Cabot, Archts., 732 (_Gel._) Charles F. Brush, Cleveland, O. George H. Smith, Archt., 742 (_Gel._) W. A. Burnham, Boston, Mass. E. C. Curtis, Architect, 739 (_Gel._) Mrs. Consino, Santiago, Chili, 733, 734 Senor Cuda, Santiago, Chili, 740 (_Gel._) Mrs. S. T. Everett, Cleveland, O. C. F. & J. A. Schweinfurth, Architects, 735 (_Gel._) Herr Hatner, Buda-Pesth, Austria. Alfred Wellisch, Archt., 744 (_Gel._) Mrs. T. T. Haydock, Cincinnati, O. J. W. McLaughlin, Archt., 743 (_Gel._) Edwin Long, R.A., Hampstead, Eng. R. Norman Shaw, Architect, 744 Mr. McKenna, Santiago, Chili, 740 (_Gel._) E. D. Pearce, Providence, R.I. Rotch & Tilden, Architects, 740 G. M. Smith, Providence, R.I. Stone, Carpenter & Willson, Architects, 733 (_Gel._) St. Simon, Angouleme, France, 735 House on the Rauchstrasse, Berlin, Germany. Kaiser & Grossheim, Archts., 741 (_Gel._) " " " Yorkstrasse, Berlin, Germany. Herr Rintz, Architect, 744 (_Gel._) Mill Pond Farm, Cranbrook, Eng. M. E. Macartney, Architect, 743 Official Residence of the Intendente, Santiago, Chili, 734 Palace of Count Pallavicini, Vienna, Austria. Herr Von Hohenberg, Architect, 743 (_Gel._) Residence of the Former Viceroy of the Province, Santiago, Chili, 738 (_Gel._) Semi-detached Houses, Ripon, Eng. T. Butler Wilson, Architect, 740 The Gables, Felixstowe, Eng. William A. Thorp, Architect, 740 Vicarage, Tweedmouth, Eng. F. R. Wilson, Architect, 744 Villa Blanca, near Innsbruck, Austria. J. W. Deininger, Archt., 740 (_Gel._) ECCLESIASTICAL. All Saints' Church, Leek, Eng. R. Norman Shaw, Architect, 735 " " " London, Eng. Christopher & White, Architects, 743 Cathedral, Quimper, France, 742 (_Gel._) Chapel of St. Mary of Nazareth, Edgware, Eng. James Brooks, Architect, 736 Church of All Saints, Falmouth, Eng. J. D. Sedding, Archt., 737 " " St. John the Baptist, Reading, Eng. E. Prioleau Warren, Architect, 737 " " " Martin, Seamer, Eng. C. Hodgson Fowler, Architect, 742 Cloister, Poblet, Spain, 737 (_Gel._) COMPETITIVE DESIGN FOR THE:-- Cathedral of St. John the Divine, New York, N.Y. Edward C. Casey, Architect, 736 Stephen C. Earle, Architect, 736 John L. Faxon, Architect, 736 Design for a Village Church. Gerald C. Horsley, Architect, 740 " " Church of the Good Shepherd, London, Eng. T. Phillips Figgis, Archt., 733 Episcopal Church, West Medford, Mass. H. H. Richardson, Archt., 737 (_Gel._) Font and Canopy, St. Peter Mancroft, Norwich, Eng. Frank T. Baggallay, Architect, 735 Interior of St. Paul Extra Muros, Rome, Italy, 734 (_Gel._) " " the Cathedral, Albi, France, 734 (_Gel._) " " " Hofkirche with Tomb of Maximilian I, Innsbruck, Austria, 735 (_Gel._) " " " Recoletu Church, Santiago, Chili, 735 (_Gel._) Parish Room and School, Charleton, Devon, Eng. F. J. Commin, Architect, 739 Ruined Chapel of Charles V, Yuste, Spain, 732 Wesleyan Chapel, Leeds, Eng. T. Butler Wilson, Architect, 734 EDUCATIONAL. Board School, Bromley, Kent, Eng. Vacher & Hellicar, Architects, 739 COMPETITIVE DESIGN FOR:-- Gymnasium for Brown University, Providence, R.I. Gould & Angell, Architects, 741 Stone, Carpenter & Willson, Architects, 741 Design for a Board School. Geo. W. Webb, Architect, 733 Old Facade, Ecole de Medecine, Paris, France, 741 (_Gel._) Osborn Hall, New Haven, Conn. Bruce Price, Architect, 741 (_Gel._) Parish Room and School, Charleton, Devon, Eng. F. J. Commin, Architect, 739 Swimming-bath and Gymnasium, Grocers' Company's Schools, Hackney Downs, Eng. Henry C. Boyes, Architect, 736 FOREIGN. All Saints' Church, Leek, Eng. R. Norman Shaw, Architect, 735 " " " London, Eng. Christopher & White, Archts., 743 Arch of Septimus Severus, Rome, Italy, 734 Auditorium of the Palace of the Trocadero, Paris, France, 732 (_Gel._) "Bargello," Florence, Italy. The, 734 Black Knoll, Brockenhurst, Eng. R. T. Blomfield, Architect, 742 Board School, Bromley, Kent, Eng. Vacher & Hellicar, Architects, 739 Business Premises, London, Eng. Frederick Wallen, Architect. 738 Butler's Wood, Chislehurst, Eng. Ernest Newton, Architect, 733 "Ca' d'Oro," Venice, Italy. The, 734 Castle Campbell, Clackmannan, Scotland, 739 Cathedral, Quimper, France, 742 (_Gel._) Cawdor Castle, Nairn, Scotland, 738 Chapel of St. Mary of Nazareth, Edgware, Eng. James Brooks, Architect, 736 Chateau de Josselin, Morbihan, France, 733 (_Gel._) Church of All Saints, Falmouth, Eng. J. D. Sedding, Archt., 737 " " St. John the Baptist, Reading, Eng. E. Prioleau Warren, Architect, 737 " " " Martin, Seamer, Eng. C. Hodgson Fowler, Architect, 742 Clee Park Hotel, Grimsby, Eng. E. W. Farebrother, Architect, 738 Cloister, Poblet, Spain, 737 (_Gel._) Congress Hall and Chamber of Deputies, Santiago, Chili, 738 (_Gel._) Coombe Warren, Kingston, England. George Devey, Architect, 732 Corridor in House of Edwin Long, R.A., Hampstead, Eng. R. Norman Shaw, Architect, 744 Design for Church of the Good Shepherd, London, Eng. T. Phillips Figgis, Architect, 733 Dining-room, Coombe Warren, Kingston, Eng. George Devey, Archt., 734 Drawing-room, Holcombe, Chatham, Eng. John Belcher, Architect, 736 Entrance, Holcombe, Chatham, Eng. John Belcher, Architect, 739 Folkton Manor House, Eng. E. J. May, Architect, 743 Font and Canopy, St. Peter Mancroft, Norwich, Eng. Frank T. Baggallay, Architect, 735 Frome Union Offices, Frome, Eng. Drake & Bryan, Architects, 744 Grand Hotel, Vienna, Austria. Carl Tietz, Architect, 741 (_Gel._) Hall, Castle Campbell, Clackmannan, Scotland. The, 739 " Coombe House, near Shaftesbury, Eng. E. Towry White, Architect, 736 " Holcombe, Chatham, Eng. The, 738 Hill Place, Tonbridge, Eng. George Devey, Architect, 741 Holcombe, Chatham, England. John Belcher, Architect, 733, 736 House at Exeter, Eng. James Crocker, Architect, 733 " " Goring-on-Thames, Eng. Geo. W. Webb, Architect, 740 " " Tunbridge Wells, England. George Devey, Archt., 741 House-gable on Taubenstrasse, Berlin, Germany, 742 (_Gel._) House, James St., Buckingham Gate, London, Eng. R. T. Blomfield, Architect, 742 " near Birmingham, Eng. Essex & Nicol, Architects, 743 HOUSE OF:-- J. Benic, Karlstadt, Austria. Hans Pruckner, Architect, 743 (_Gel._) Mrs. Consino, Santiago, Chili, 733, 734 Senor Cuda, Santiago, Chili, 740 (_Gel._) Herr Hatner, Buda-Pesth, Austria. Alfred Wellisch, Archt., 744 (_Gel._) Edwin Long, R.A., Hampstead, Eng. R. Norman Shaw, Archt., 744 Mr. McKenna, Santiago, Chili, 740 (_Gel._) St. Simon, Angouleme, France, 735 House on the Rauchstrasse, Berlin, Germany. Kaiser & Grossheim, Archts., 741 (_Gel._) " " " Yorkstrasse, Berlin, Germany. Herr Rintz, Architect, 744 (_Gel._) Interior in the Chateau de Josselin, Morbihan, France, 732, 733 (_Gel._) " of St. Paul Extra Muros, Rome, Italy, 734 (_Gel._) " " the Cathedral, Albi, France, 734 (_Gel._) " " " Hofkirche, with Tomb of Maximilian I, Innsbruck, Austria, 735 (_Gel._) " " " Recoletu Church, Santiago, Chili, 735 (_Gel._) Italian Sketches, 734 Kitchen, Castello di Vincigliata, Italy. G. Fancelli, Architect, 735 "Lloyds," Trieste, Austria. Baron Heinrich von Ferstel, Architect, 740 (_Gel._) Mill Pond Farm, Cranbrook, Eng. M. E. Macartney, Architect, 743 New Bourse du Commerce, Paris, France. H. Blondel, Architect, 735 " Premises, Chester, Eng. T. M. Lockwood, Architect, 737 Official Residence of the Intendente, Santiago, Chili, 734 Old Facade, Ecole de Medecine, Paris, France, 741 (_Gel._) Painting by Puvis de Chavannes in the Grand Hall of the Sorbonne, Paris, France, 743 (_Gel._) Palace of Count Pallavicini, Vienna, Austria. Herr Von Hohenberg, Architect, 743 (_Gel._) " " the Liberal Arts, Paris, France. J. C. Formige, Architect, 735 Parish Room and School, Charleton, Devon, Eng. F. J. Commin, Architect, 739 Piers of the Cathedral Portico, Lucca, Italy, 739 (_Gel._) Porte Cochere, Paris, France, 744 (_Gel._) Portico, Ecole de Medecine, Paris, France, 741 (_Gel._) Railway Tavern, Grimsby, Eng. E. W. Farebrother, Architect, 738 Residence of the Former Viceroy of the Province, Santiago, Chili, 738 (_Gel._) Ruined Chapel of Charles V, Yuste, Spain, 732 Savings Bank, Linz, Austria. Austrian Building Co., Architects, 742 (_Gel._) Semi-detached Houses, Ripon, Eng. T. Butler Wilson, Architect, 740 Stables, Holcombe, Chatham, Eng. John Belcher, Architect, 739 Street View in Dinan, France, 736 " " " Santiago, Chili, 736 (_Gel._) Swimming-bath and Gymnasium, Grocers' Company's Schools, Hackney Downs, Eng. Henry C. Boyes, Architect, 736 Temples of Faustina and Romulus, Rome, Italy, 734 The Gables, Felixstowe, Eng. William A. Thorp, Architect, 740 Torre del Vino, Alhambra, Granada, Spain, 732 Vicarage, Tweedmouth, Eng. F. R. Wilson, Architect, 744 Villa Blanca, near Innsbruck, Austria. J. W. Deininger, Architect, 740 (_Gel._) Warehouse, Stockholm, Sweden. A. Egendomen, Architect, 735 Wesleyan Chapel, Leeds, Eng. T. Butler Wilson, Architect, 734 Wrought-iron Gates, Chelmsford, Eng., 732 GELATINE. [_Published only in the Imperial and International Editions._] Auditorium of the Palace of the Trocadero, Paris, France, 732 Capitals from Chamber of Commerce, Cincinnati, O. H. H. Richardson and Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge _Successors_, Architects, 740 (_Imp._) Cathedral, Quimper, France, 742 Chateau de Josselin, Morbihan, France, 733 Cloister, Poblet, Spain, 737 Congress Hall and Chamber of Deputies, Santiago, Chili, 738 Detail of Entrance, Osborn Hall, New Haven, Conn. Bruce Price, Architect, 744 (_Imp._) Entrance Hall in House of Prof. C. E. Hart, New Brunswick, N.J. H. R. Marshall, Architect, 736, (_Imp._) Episcopal Church, West Medford, Mass. H. H. Richardson, Archt., 737 (_Imp._) Grand Hotel, Vienna, Austria. Carl Tietz, Architect, 741 House-gable on Taubenstrasse, Berlin, Germany. Herr Holst, Archt., 742 HOUSE OF:-- J. Benic, Karlstadt, Austria. Hans Pruckner, Architect, 743 Mrs. Charles Blake, Boston, Mass. Sturgis & Cabot, Archts., 732 (_Imp._) Charles F. Brush, Cleveland, O. George H. Smith, Archt., 742 (_Imp._) Senor Cuda, Santiago, Chili, 740 Mrs. S. T. Everett, Cleveland, O. C. F. & J. A. Schweinfurth, Architects, 735 (_Imp._) Herr Hatner, Buda-Pesth, Austria. Alfred Wellisch, Architect, 744 Mrs. T. T. Haydock, Cincinnati, O. J. W. McLaughlin, Architect, 743 (_Imp._) Mr. McKenna, Santiago, Chili, 740 G. M. Smith, Providence, R.I. Stone, Carpenter & Willson, Architects, 733 (_Imp._) House on the Rauchstrasse, Berlin, Germany. Kaiser & Grossheim, Architects, 741 House on the Yorkstrasse, Berlin, Germany. Herr Rintz, Archt., 744 Interior in the Chateau de Josselin, Morbihan, France, 732, 733 " of St. Paul Extra Muros, Rome, Italy, 734 " " the Cathedral, Albi, France, 734 " " " Hofkirche with Tomb of Maximilian I, Innsbruck, Austria, 735 " " " Recoletu Church, Santiago, Chili, 735 Interiors in House at Malden, Mass. Chamberlin & Whidden, Architects, 738 (_Imp._) "Lloyds," Trieste, Austria. Baron Heinrich von Ferstel, Architect, 740 Old Facade, Ecole de Medecine, Paris, France, 741 Osborn Hall, New Haven, Conn. Bruce Price, Architect, 741 (_Imp._) Painting by Puvis de Chavannes in the Grand Hall of the Sorbonne, Paris, France, 743 Palace of Count Pallavicini, Vienna, Austria. Herr Von Hohenberg, Architect, 743 Piers of the Cathedral Portico, Lucca, Italy, 739 Porte Cochere, Paris, France, 744 Portico, Ecole de Medecine, Paris, France, 741 Residence of the Former Viceroy of the Province, Santiago, Chili, 738 Savings Bank, Linz, Austria. Austrian Building Co., Architects, 742 Street View in Santiago, Chili, 736 Villa Blanca, near Innsbruck, Austria. J. W. Deininger, Architect, 740 HOTELS. Clee Park Hotel, Grimsby, Eng. E. W. Farebrother, Architect, 738 Grand Hotel, Vienna, Austria. Carl Tietz, Architect, 741 (_Gel._) Railway Tavern, Grimsby, Eng. E. W. Farebrother, Architect, 738 INTERIORS. Auditorium of the Palace of the Trocadero, Paris, France, 732 (_Gel._) Church of All Saints, Falmouth, Eng. J. D. Sedding, Archt., 737 " " St. Martin, Seamer, Eng. C. Hodgson Fowler, Architect, 742 Corridor in House of Edwin Long, R.A., Hampstead, Eng. R. Norman Shaw, Architect, 744 Dining-room, Coombe Warren, Kingston, Eng. George Devey, Archt., 734 Drawing-room, Holcombe, Chatham, Eng. John Belcher, Archt., 736 Entrance Hall in House of Prof. C. E. Hart, New Brunswick, N.J. H. R. Marshall, Architect, 736 (_Gel._) Hall, Castle Campbell, Clackmannan, Scotland. The, 739 " Coombe House, near Shaftesbury, Eng. E. Towry White, Architect, 736 " Holcombe, Chatham, Eng. John Belcher, Architect, 738 Interior in the Chateau de Josselin, Morbihan, France, 732, 733 (_Gel._) " of All Saints' Church, Leek, Eng. R. Norman Shaw, Architect, 735 " " St. Paul Extra Muros, Rome, Italy, 734 (_Gel._) " " the Cathedral, Albi, France, 734 (_Gel._) " " " Hofkirche with Tomb of Maximilian I, Innsbruck, Austria, 735 (_Gel._) " " " Recoletu Church, Santiago, Chili, 735 (_Gel._) Interiors in House at Malden, Mass. Chamberlin & Whidden, Architects, 738 (_Gel._) Kitchen, Castello di Vincigliata, Italy. G. Fancelli, Architect, 735 Painting by Puvis de Chavannes in the Grand Hall of the Sorbonne, Paris, France, 743 (_Gel._) Swimming-bath and Gymnasium, Grocers' Company's Schools, Hackney Downs, Eng. Henry C. Boyes, Architect, 736 MERCANTILE. Business Premises, London, England. Frederick Wallen, Architect, 738 "Lloyds," Trieste, Austria. Baron Heinrich von Ferstel, Architect, 740 (_Gel._) New Premises, Chester, Eng. T. M. Lockwood, Architect, 737 Savings Bank, Linz, Austria. Austrian Building Co., Archts., 742 (_Gel._) U.S. Trust Co.'s Building, New York, N.Y. R. W. Gibson, Architect, 734 (_Gel._) Warehouse, Stockholm, Sweden. A. Egendomen, Architect, 735 MISCELLANEOUS. Historical Figures from the Lord Mayor's Procession, 732 Italian Sketches, 734 "Lion and Serpent." A. L. Barye, Sculptor, 732 New Year's Day in the Olden Time, 735 Norwich, from the Cromer Road, by John Sell Cotman, 742 Painting by Puvis de Chavannes in the Grand Hall of the Sorbonne, Paris, France, 743 (_Gel._) Sketches in Normandy, by Herbert Railton, 739 Street View in Dinan, France, 736 " " " Santiago, Chili, 736 (_Gel._) Swimming-bath and Gymnasium, Grocers' Company's Schools, Hackney Downs, Eng. Henry C. Boyes, Architect, 736 Winter, from a Painting by Nicolas Lancret, 741 MONUMENTAL. Interior of the Hofkirche with Tomb of Maximilian I, Innsbruck, Austria, 735 (_Gel._) PUBLIC. Congress Hall and Chamber of Deputies, Santiago, Chili, 738 (_Gel._) Frome Union Offices, Frome, England. Drake & Bryan, Architects, 744 New Bourse du Commerce, Paris, France. H. Blondel, Architect, 735 Palace of the Liberal Arts, Paris, France. J. C. Formige, Archt., 735 STABLES. Stables, Holcombe, Chatham, England. John Belcher, Architect, 739 TOWERS AND SPIRES. Torre del Vino, Alhambra, Granada, Spain, 732 TEXT CUTS. [_These figures refer to the page of text, not to the plates._] Arch at Naples, 77 Axe-head, 89 Bracteates, 53, 54 Capitals, 60, 91, 94, 156 Cartoon for Sgraffito, 3 Centennial Hall, Sydney, 184 Chair from Khorsabad, 72 CIVIL & DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE:-- Basilica. A Roman, 51 Baths of Caracalla. Plan of, 36 Colonnade of the Louvre, Paris, 70 Foscari Palace, Venice, 68 Fountain, Place Stanislas, Nancy, 85 Garde-Meuble, Paris, 83 Gare d'Orleans, Paris, 88 Halle au Ble, Paris, 83, 84 Halles Centrales, Paris, 87, 88 Hotel de Ville, Brussels, 67 " " " Paris, 69 " " " St. Antonin, France, 51 " des Invalides, Paris, 70, 71 Library of St. Genevieve, Paris, 87 Mint, Paris. The, 83 Monument of Lysicrates, 35 Odeon, Paris. The, 84 Opera-House, Paris, 86 Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, 67 Place Stanislas, Nancy, 85 Procurazie Nuove, Venice, 68 Strozzi Palace, Florence, 70 Theatre of Herculaneum, 51 Tower of the Winds, 36 Copper-plates from Etowah Mound, 153 "Dance," Paris Opera-House. Carpeaux's, 101 Doorway, Newport, R.I., 28 Doorways. Carved Church, 38, 39 Dormer, 58 Entrance, Stokesay Castle, 155 Equestrian Designs, 72, 170 EQUESTRIAN MONUMENTS:-- Conde. The Great, 76 Louis XIV, 170, 171 Gustavus Adolphus, 73 Maximilian I, 74 Marcus Curtius, 170 Marshal Rantzau, 76 William of Orange, 72 Fibula, 54 FUNERARY ARCHITECTURE:-- Absalom's Tomb, 116 Campo Santo at Genoa, 167 " " " Pisa, 164 Catacombs, 147 Celtic Tumuli, 99 Egyptian Tombs, 100 Etruscan Tombs, 131 Hypogea, 115 Mausoleum of Taghlak, 148 Mediaeval Tombs, 163 Mougheir Tombs, 115 Phoenician Tombs, 116 Pyramids. The, 100 Roman Cippus, 134 " Columbarium, 134 " Funerary Urn, 134 Sepulchral Chapel at Paris, 167 Stelae, 116 Tomb at Montmorency, 166 Tomb at Palmyra, 134 Tomb at Pompeii, 133 Tomb in S. Maria del Popolo, Rome, 165 Tomb of Louis de Breze, Rouen, 165 Cecilia Metella, Rome, 132 Hadrian, 132, 133 Louis XII, St. Denis, 164 Mazarin, Paris, 166 Nakschi Roustam, 117 Paul III, Rome, 166 St. Stephen, Obazine, 163 Marshal Saxe, Strasbourg, 167 Theodoric, Ravenna, 147 Tombs at Mycenae, 131 Tombs at Telmissus and Theron, 131 Tombs in India, 148 Tombs in Judea and Asia Minor, 117 Tomb of the Caliphs at Cairo, 148 Urn Containing Heart of Francis I, 164 George Inn, Norton, Eng., 44 Hall in House of J. H. Howe, Rochester, N.Y. Nolan Bros., Architects, 78 Hinge. Wrought-iron, 135 HISTORY OF HABITATION:-- Aztec Dwelling. An, 169 Byzantine House, 151 Egyptian House, 150 Etruscan House, 168 Gallo-Roman House, 150 Hebrew House, 169 Inca Dwelling, 149 Pelasgian Hut, 149 Phoenician House, 168 Horns. Golden, 55, 56 House of A. A. Carey, Cambridge, Mass. Sturgis & Brigham, Architects, 23 Impost, 50 Martyrs Column, Naples, Italy, 22 MILITARY ARCHITECTURE:-- Arch of Austria. The Louvre, 195 Assyrian Fortress, 179 Bastioned City. A, 196 Enceinte of Constantinople, 180 Fortification. Section of a, 196 Fortresses. Egyptian, 179 Plan of Tiryns, 179 Towers of Messene, 180 Tyre, 180 Wall of Castellum of Jublaius, 180 Wall of Chateau Gaillard, 195 Walls of Pompeii, 180 Walls of Verona, 180 "Modern Improvements." "All the," 109, 141, 156, 174 Monument. Scandinavian, 55 " to Egmont and Horn, Brussels, 9 " " Liszt, 5 " " Minine and Pojarsky, Russia, 27 " " the Heroes of the Franco-Prussian War, Berlin, 19 Pulpit, 10 Quintus Church, Mainz, 172 Scabbard Ornament, 40 Sculpture, Campanile of St. Mark's, 57, 93 Sword Hilt, 37 Tower, 24 Turret, Rothenburg, Ger., 204 Verplanck Homestead, Fishkill, N.Y., 26 Waterspout, 90 Window at Ulm, 201 INDEX BY LOCATION. [_The figures refer to the number of the journal, and not to the page._] Aberdeen, Scotland. Cathedral of St. Machar, 733 (_Reg._) " " Hall, Craigievar Castle, 743 (_Imp._) Albi, France. Interior of the Cathedral, 734 (_Int._) Angouleme, France. House of St. Simon, 735 (_Int._) Anniston, Ala. Anniston City Land Co. Building. Chisolm & Green, Architects, 734 (_Reg._) Arbroath, Scotland. Aberbrothwick Abbey, 732 (_Reg._) Balveny Castle, Scotland, 735 (_Reg._) Berlin, Ger. House-gable on Taubenstrasse. Herr Holst, Architect, 742 (_Int._) " " House on the Rauchstrasse. Kaiser & Grossheim, Architects, 741 (_Int._) " " House on the Yorkstrasse. Herr Rintz, Architect, 744 (_Int._) Birmingham, Eng. House near, Essex & Nicol, Architects, 743 (_Int._) BOSTON, MASS.:-- Building for the Boston Real Estate Trust, 744 (_Reg._) Design for an Office-building. C. H. Blackall, Architect, 734 (_Reg._) House of Mrs. Charles Blake. Sturgis & Cabot, Architects, 732 (_Imp._) " " W. A. Burnham. E. C. Curtis, Archt., 739 (_Imp._) Sketch of Store. Wait & Cutter, Architects, 732 (_Reg._) Brockenhurst, Eng. Black Knoll. R. T. Blomfield, Architect, 742 (_Int._) Bromley, Eng. Board School. Vacher & Hellicar, Architects, 739 (_Int._) Brookline, Mass. House of Capt. Jesse H. Freeman. W. A. Rodman, Architect, 738 (_Reg._) Brooklyn, N.Y. St. Augustine's Roman Catholic Church Buildings. Parfitt Bros., Architects, 733 (_Reg._) " " Throop Avenue Presbyterian Church. Fowler & Hough, Architects, 742 (_Reg._) " " Vault, Greenwood Cemetery. Renwick, Aspinwall & Russell, Archts., 744 (_Reg._) Buda-Pesth, Austria. House of Herr Hatner. Alfred Wellisch, Architect, 744 (_Int._) Cambridge, Mass. High School. Chamberlin & Austin, Architects, 743 (_Reg._) Castle of Vincigliata, Italy. Kitchen. G. Fancelli, Architect, 735 (_Int._) Charleton, Eng. Parish Room and School. F. J. Commin, Architect, 739 (_Int._) Chatham, Eng. Holcombe. John Belcher, Architect, 735, 736, 738, 739 (_Int._) Chelmsford, Eng. Wrought-iron Gates, 732 (_Int._) Chester, Eng. New Premises. T. M. Lockwood, Architect, 737 (_Int._) Chicago, Ill. House of Julius Howells. Wm. H. Pfau, Architect, 740 (_Reg._) " " Houses for Potter Palmer. C. M. Palmer, Architect, 735 (_Reg._) Chislehurst, Eng. Butler's Wood. Ernest Newton, Architect, 733 (_Int._) Cincinnati, O. Capitals from Chamber of Commerce. H. H. Richardson and Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge, Successors, Architects, 740 (_Imp._) " " House for Mrs. T. T. Haydock. J. W. McLaughlin, Architect, 743 (_Imp._) Clackmannan, Scotland. Castle Campbell, 739 (_Int._) Cleveland, O. House of Chas. F. Brush, George H. Smith, Architect, 742 (_Imp._) " " House of Mrs. S. T. Everett. C. F. & J. A. Schweinfurth, Architects, 735 (_Imp._) Concord, N.H. Chapel, St. Paul's School. Henry Vaughan, Architect, 742 (_Reg._) Cranbrook, Eng. Mill Pond Farm. M. E. Macartney, Architect, 743 (_Int._) Detroit, Mich. Premises of G. G. Booth. Mason & Rice, Architects, 740 (_Reg._) Dinan, France. Street View, 736 (_Int._) East Providence, R.I. Town-hall. W. R. Walker & Son, Archts., 738 (_Reg._) Edgware, Eng. Chapel of St. Mary of Nazareth. James Brooks, Architect, 736 (_Int._) Elmira, N.Y. First Baptist Church. Pierce & Dockstader, Archts., 739 (_Reg._) Exeter, Eng. House at. James Crocker, Architect, 733 (_Int._) Falmouth, Eng. Church of All Saints. J. D. Sedding, Architect, 737 (_Int._) Felixstowe, Eng. The Gables. William A. Thorp, Architect, 740 (_Int._) Frome, Eng. Frome Union Offices. Drake & Bryan, Architects, 744 (_Int._) Gardiner, Me. Baptist Church. Stevens & Cobb, Architects, 737 (_Reg._) Goring-on-Thames, Eng. House. Geo. W. Webb, Architect, 740 (_Int._) Granada, Spain. Torre del Vino, Alhambra, 732 (_Int._) Greenville, N.Y. Cottage for Dr. T. H. Willard, Jr. Adolph Haak, Architect, 737 (_Reg._) Grimsby, Eng. Clee Park Hotel. E. W. Farebrother, Architect, 738 (_Int._) " " Railway Tavern. E. W. Farebrother, Architect, 738 (_Int._) Hackney Downs, Eng. Swimming-bath and Gymnasium, Grocers' Company Schools. H. C. Bowes, Archt., 736 (_Int._) Hampstead, Eng. House of Edwin Long, R.A. R. Norman Shaw, Architect, 734 (_Int._) Innsbruck, Austria. Interior of the Hofkirche, with Tomb of Maximilian I, 735 (_Int._) " " Villa Blanca, near. T. W. Deininger, Architect, 740 (_Int._) Karlstadt, Austria. House of J. Benic. Hans Pruckner, Architect, 743 (_Int._) Kearney, Neb. Block of Houses for E. K. Greene. Frank, Bailey & Farmer, Architects, 741 (_Reg._) " " House of C. H. Elmendorff. Frank, Bailey & Farmer, Architects, 737 (_Reg._) " " House of Geo. W. Frank. Frank, Bailey & Farmer, Architects, 743 (_Reg._) Kingston, Eng. Coombe Warren. George Devey, Archt., 732, 734 (_Int._) Leeds, Eng. Wesleyan Chapel. T. Butler Wilson, Architect, 734 (_Int._) " " All Saints' Church. R. Norman Shaw, Architect, 735 (_Int._) Lewiston, Me. School-house. Geo. F. Coombs, Architect, 735 (_Reg._) Linlithgow, Scotland. Dalmeny Church, 742 (_Imp._) Linz, Austria. Savings Bank. Austrian Building Co., Architects, 742 (_Int._) LONDON, ENG.:-- All Saints' Church. Christopher & White, Architects, 743 (_Int._) Business Premises. Frederick Wallen, Architect, 738 (_Int._) Design for Church of the Good Shepherd. T. Phillips Figgis, Architect, 733 (_Int._) House, James Street, Buckingham Gate. R. T. Blomfield, Architect, 742 (_Int._) Los Angeles, Cal. Hall in House of W. R. Ray. W. Redmore Ray, Architect, 740 (_Reg._) " " " High-School. J. N. Preston & Son, Archts., 738 (_Reg._) " " " Memorial "Church of the Angels." E. A. Coxhead, Archt., 733 (_Reg._) Lucca, Italy. Piers of the Cathedral Portico, 739 (_Int._) Malden, Mass. Competitive Design for the First Baptist Church. Lewis & Phipps, Architects, 740 (_Reg._) " " House. Chamberlin & Whidden, Architects, 738 (_Reg._) " " Interiors in House at. Chamberlin & Whidden, Architects, 738 (_Imp._) Mansfield, O. St. Luke's Church. W. G. Preston, Architect, 744 (_Reg._) Memphis, Tenn. Design for Presbyterian Church. W. Albert Swasey, Architect. 742 (_Reg._) Minneapolis, Minn. Netley Corners. J. C. Plant, Architect, 744 (_Reg._) Minnetonka Beach, Minn. House of A. H. Stem. A. H. Stem, Architect, 741 (_Reg._) Morbihan, France. Chateau de Josselin, 733 (_Int._) " " Interior in the Chateau de Josselin, 732, 733 (_Int._) Nairn, Scotland. Cawdor Castle, 738 (_Int._) New Brunswick, N.J. Entrance-hall in House of Prof. C. E. Hart. H. R. Marshall, Architect, 736 (_Imp._) " " " House of Prof. C. E. Hart. H. R. Marshall, Architect, 736 (_Reg._) New Haven, Conn. Osborn Hall. Bruce Price, Architect, 741, 744 (_Imp._) Newport, R.I. House of W. S. Wells. G. E. Harding & Co., Archts., 736 (_Reg._) NEW YORK, N.Y.:-- Competitive Design for the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. Glenn Brown, Architect, 732 (_Reg._) Edward C. Casey, Archt., 736 (_Int._) Cram & Wentworth, Architects, 738 (_Imp._) Stephen C. Earle, Archt., 736 (_Int._) John L. Faxon, Architect, 736 (_Int._) B. G. Goodhue, Archt., 738 (_Imp._) J. R. Rhind, Architect, 743 (_Imp._) U.S. Trust Co.'s Building. R. W. Gibson, Architect, 734 (_Imp._) Normandy. Sketches in. By Herbert Railton, 739 (_Int._) Norton, Va. Sketch for Hotel at. Geo. T. Pearson, Architect, 734 (_Reg._) Norwich, Eng. Font and Canopy, St. Peter, Mancroft. Frank T. Baggallay, Architect, 735 (_Int._) Orange, N.J. House of J. R. Burnett. F. W. Beall, Architect, 743 (_Reg._) PARIS, FRANCE:-- Auditorium of the Palace of the Trocadero, 732 (_Int._) Central Dome of Exhibition Buildings, 740 (_Reg._) Ecole de Medecine, 741 (_Int._) New Bourse du Commerce. H. Blondel, Architect, 735 (_Int._) Painting by Puvis de Chavannes in the Grand Hall of the Sorbonne, 743 (_Int._) Palace of the Liberal Arts. J. C. Formige, Architect, 735 (_Int._) Porte Cochere, 744 (_Int._) Tower, St. Etienne du Mont, 737 (_Reg._) Paterson, N.J. Sketch of Stable. C. Edwards, Architect, 735 (_Reg._) Pennfield, Pa. Alicia Springs Hotel. E. Culver, Architect, 738 (_Reg._) Poblet, Spain. Cloister, 737 (_Int._) PROVIDENCE, R.I.:-- Competitive Design for Gymnasium for Brown University. Gould & Angell, Architects, 741 (_Int._) Competitive Design for Gymnasium for Brown University. Stone, Carpenter & Willson, Archts., 741 (_Int._) House of E. D. Pearce. Rotch & Tilden, Archts., 740 (_Int._) " " G. M. Smith. Stone, Carpenter & Willson, Architects, 733 (_Imp._) Old Iron and Brass Work, 737 (_Reg._) Quimper, France, Cathedral, 742 (_Int._) Reading, Eng. Church of St. John the Baptist. E. Prioleau Warren, Architect, 737 (_Int._) Ripon, Eng. Semi-detached Houses. T. Butler Wilson, Architect, 740 (_Int._) Rochester, N.Y. House of J. H. Howe. Nolan Bros., Architects, 736 (_Reg._) " " House of Albert Will. Otto Block, Architect, 735 (_Reg._) " " House on Portsmouth Terrace. W. C. Walker, Architect, 736 (_Reg._) Rome, Italy. Interior of St. Paul Extra Muros, 734 (_Int._) Ruxton, Md. House of C. De Lacey Evan. E. G. W. Dietrich, Architect, 734 (_Reg._) St. Andrews, Scotland. Churches of St. Regulus and St. Salvator, 734 (_Imp._) St. Paul, Minn. Houses for Dr. A. Wharton. A. H. Stem, Archt., 739 (_Reg._) SANTIAGO, CHILI:-- Congress Hall and Chamber of Deputies, 738 (_Int._) House of Mrs. Consino, 733, 734 (_Int._) " " Senor Cuda, 740 (_Int._) " " Mr. McKenna, 740 (_Int._) Interior of the Recoletu Church, 735 (_Int._) Official Residence of the Intendente, 734 (_Int._) Residence of the former Viceroy of the Province, 738 (_Int._) Street View, 736 (_Int._) Savannah, Ga. Hotel de Soto. W. G. Preston, Architect, 733 (_Reg._) Seamer, Eng. Church of St. Martin. C. Hodgson Fowler, Archt., 742 (_Int._) Shaftesbury, Eng. Hall, Coombe House, near. E. T. White, Archt., 736 (_Int._) Stockholm, Sweden. Warehouse. A. Egendomen, Architect, 735 (_Int._) Strasbourg, Germany. University. Prof. Worth, Architect, 741 (_Reg._) Sydney, N.S.W. Town-hall, 743 (_Reg._) Tonbridge, Eng. Hall Place. George Devey, Architect, 741 (_Int._) Toulouse, France. Renaissance Doorways, 737 (_Reg._) Trieste, Austria. Lloyds. Baron Heinrich von Ferstel, Architect, 740 (_Int._) Tunbridge Wells, Eng. House. George Devey, Architect, 741 (_Int._) Tuxedo, N.Y. Cottage at. Renwick, Aspinwall & Russell, Architects, 744 (_Reg._) Tweedmouth, Eng. Vicarage. F. R. Wilson, Architect, 744 (_Int._) Vienna, Austria. Grand Hotel. Carl Tietz, Architect, 741 (_Int._) " " Palace of Count Pallavicini. Herr Von Hohenberg, Archt., 743 (_Int._) Wakefield, Mass. Congregational Church. Hartwell & Richardson Architects, 744 (_Reg._) West Medford, Mass. Episcopal Church. H. H. Richardson, Architect, 737 (_Imp._) Yuste, Spain. Ruined Chapel of Charles V, 732 (_Int._) THE AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND BUILDING NEWS. VOL. XXVII. Copyright, 1890, by TICKNOR & COMPANY, Boston, Mass. No. 732. Entered at the Post-office at Boston as second-class matter. JANUARY 4, 1890. [Illustration: CONTENTS] SUMMARY:-- The Incomes of Architects.--Death of Mr. George F. Durand, Architect.--Concrete Arches.--An Architect's Responsibility for Exceeding the Stipulated Cost of a Building.--A French Case in Point.--A Contractor Engages in Profit-Sharing with his Workmen. 1 THE APARTMENT-HOUSE. 3 ARCHITECTURE IN BROOKLYN. 5 THE STRUCTURE OF SANDSTONE. 9 THE BARYE EXHIBITION. 10 ILLUSTRATIONS:-- "The Lion and the Serpent."--Auditorium of the Palace of the Trocadero, Paris, France.--An Interior in the Chateau de Josselin, Morbihan, France.--Torre del Vino, Alhambra, Granada, Spain.--Ruins of the Chapel of Charles V, Yuste, Spain.--Coombe Warren, Kingston, England: Garden Front.--Coombe Warren, Kingston, England: Entrance Front.--A Gentleman's Country House.--Wrought-Iron Gates, Duke Street, England.--Historical Figures from Lord Mayor's Procession, 1889.--House of Mrs. Charles Blake, Beacon Street, Boston, Mass.--Competitive Designs for the Cathedral of St. John the Divine, New York, N.Y.--Abbey of Aberbrothwick: Gallery over Entrance.--Abbey of Aberbrothwick: The Western Doorway.--Design for a Store. 12 SOCIETIES. 14 COMMUNICATIONS.-- Barye's Admirer.--Evaporation of Water in Traps. 15 NOTES AND CLIPPINGS. 15 TRADE SURVEYS. 16 * * * * * That extraordinary phenomenon, which those who read many newspapers sometimes encounter, of the inspiration of two writers following tracks so closely parallel that their effusions are word for word the same from beginning to end, was recently to be observed in the case of the New York _Herald_ and the Pittsburgh _Leader_, which published on the same day an article devoted to architects or, rather, to their incomes, which held up these fortunate professional men as objects to be envied, if not by all the world, at least by journalists, many of whom have just now a way of writing about rich men or women which suggests the idea that the journalist himself was brought up in a jail, and sees nothing but the pockets of those whom he favors with his attention. The present writers, after half a column or so of rubbish about the grandeur of American buildings, furnish the New York and Pittsburgh public with the information that "there are in the city of New York at least ten architects whose annual net income is in excess of a hundred thousand dollars, while in Philadelphia, Chicago, Boston and St. Louis there are quite as many who can spend a like amount of money every year without overdrawing their bank accounts." This is certainly very liberal to the architects, but what follows is even more so. "There are," we are told, in addition to the magnates just mentioned, "hosts of comparatively small fry whose annual profits will pass the fifty-thousand-dollar mark." If an architect whose net income is only a thousand dollars a week belongs to the "small fry," what name would these journalists have for the remaining insignificant beings who practise architecture faithfully and skilfully, and thank Providence sincerely if their year's work shows a profit of three thousand dollars? Yet, with a tolerably extended acquaintance in the profession, we are inclined to think that this list includes the greater part of the architects in this country. As to the architects whose usual income from their business is a hundred thousand dollars, they are pure myths. The New York-Pittsburgh authority mentions by name Mr. R. M. Hunt as one of them. As a counterpoise to this piece of information, we will mention what a worthy contractor once said to us about Mr. Hunt. The builders were not, in those days, very fond of our venerated President. He had altogether too many new ideas to suit their conservatism, which looked with horror on anything out of the common way. "The fact is," said the contractor, in a burst of confidence, "Mr. Hunt never could get a living at all if he hadn't a rich wife." By averaging these two pieces of misinformation, after the manner of the commissioners of statistics, one may, perhaps, get some sort of notion of what a very able and distinguished architect in New York, seconded by skilful and devoted assistants, can make out of his business; but men so successful are extremely rare exceptions in the profession, and the "hosts" of "small fry" whose annual profits amount to fifty thousand dollars, of course, do not exist. It would be a waste of time to notice such ridiculous assertions, were it not that they do a great deal of harm to the profession and the public: to the profession by making people believe that architects are combined to extort an unreasonable compensation for their work; and to the public by spreading the idea that the profession of architecture is just the one in which their sons can become rapidly rich without much trouble. It would be a useful thing to publish here, as is done in England, the value of the estate left at their death by architects of distinction, although in many cases this is greatly increased by inheritance, by marriage, by fortunate investments or by outside employment; but, if this should be done, it would be not less useful to publish also a few true accounts of the early trials and struggles of architects. How many of them have we known who have given drawing-lessons, illustrated books, designed wall-papers, supervised laborers, delivered lyceum-lectures or written for newspapers, happy if they could earn two dollars a day while waiting for a vacancy in the "hosts" of architects with a thousand dollars a week income. How many more, who were glad of the help of their faithful young wives in eking out the living which had love for its principal ingredient. And of those who have persisted until time and opportunity have brought them a comparatively assured, though modest position, how many have found their way to it through architecture? If we are not mistaken, less than half of the trained students in architecture turned out by our technical schools are to be found in the profession six years later. The others, ascertaining, on a closer view, that their expected income of fifty thousand dollars a year is farther off than they anticipated, and that fifty thousand cents is about as much as they can expect for a good many years to come, drift away into other employments, and some of them, no doubt, will be much astonished to learn from the newspaper reporters what they have missed. * * * * * We regret very much to hear of the death of Mr. George F. Durand, Vice-President of the Canadian Society of Architects; which occurred at London, Ontario, last week. Mr. Durand was young in the profession, being only thirty-nine years old, but was very widely and favorably known among architects and the public, both in Canada and elsewhere. He was a native of London, but after spending a short time in the office of the city engineer there, he went to Albany, N.Y., where he was employed by Mr. Thomas Fuller as his chief assistant in the work on the new capitol, which was then in Mr. Fuller's hands. When Mr. Fuller was superseded, Mr. Durand left Albany with him, and, after a year spent in Maine, with a granite company, he returned to his native city, where he soon found constant and profitable employment, having for several years built a large part of the most important structures in Western Ontario. The London _Advertiser_, to which we owe most of our information as to his works, offers to his relatives and friends the sincere sympathy of the public which it represents, and we are sure that the architects of the United States will join with their brethren in Canada in mourning the loss of one who, at so early an age, had conquered for himself so conspicuous a place in his laborious profession. * * * * * Some interesting experiments on concrete arches were made recently, during the construction of the new railway station at Erfurt. Some of the rooms were to be covered with concrete floors, carried on iron beams, while others, of smaller size, were intended to be spanned by arches extending from wall to wall. One of the latter, something over seven feet in width, was covered with concrete, flat on top, and forming on the underside a segmental arch, the thickness of the material at the crown of the arch being four inches, and about eleven inches at the springing. The concrete was made of "Germania" Portland cement, mixed dry with gravel, moistened as required, and well rammed on the centring; and skew-backs were cut in the brick walls at the springing line, extending two courses higher, so as to give room for the concrete to take a firm hold on the walls. Fourteen days after completion, this floor was loaded with bricks and sacks of cement to the amount of more than six hundred pounds per square foot, without suffering any injury, although, after the load was on, a workman hammered with a pick on the concrete, close to the loaded portion, so as to provoke the cracking of the arch if there had been any tendency to rupture. In the other cases, the concrete arches being turned between iron beams, the strength of the floor was limited by that of the beams, so the extreme load could not be put on; but the curious fact was established that a section of concrete flat on top, and forming a regular segmental arc beneath, was far stronger than one in which a portion of the under surface was parallel to the upper; showing, apparently, that the arched form, even with homogeneous concrete, causes the conversion of a large part of a vertical pressure into lateral thrust, reducing by so much the tendency of the load to break the concrete transversely. This observation is important theoretically as well as practically. It has been of late generally maintained that a concrete arch is not an arch at all, but a lintel, without thrust, and that the common form, flat above and arched beneath, is objectionable, as it gives least material at the centre, where a lintel is most strained. The Erfurt experiments directly contradict this view, and it remains for some students of architecture to render the profession a service by repeating them, and, at the same time, actually determining the thrust, for a given load, of arches of particular forms. Until this is done, the concrete construction, which is likely, we may hope, to become before many years the prevailing one in our cities, will be practised with difficulty and uncertainty, if not with danger. Incidentally, a trial was made of the effect of freezing on the concrete. The floor of a room arched in four bays, between iron beams, had just been finished when the weather became cold, and on the morning after its completion the thermometer stood at twenty above zero. The concrete had not been protected in any way, and the contractor was notified that it had been frozen, and must be removed. This was early in December, and it was about the first of April before the work of removal, preliminary to replacing the concrete with new material, was begun. Three bays had been wholly or partly removed when the hardness of the concrete under the workmen's tools attracted attention, and the arch remaining intact was tested with a load of three hundred pounds per square foot, which it bore perfectly. * * * * * The question how far an architect can be held responsible in damages, in cases where the cost of work exceeds the estimates, is examined in a recent number of _La Semaine des Constructeurs_, and some considerations are mentioned which are new to us. According to Fremy-Ligneville, the most familiar authority on the subject, the architect incurs no responsibility whatever, either for his own estimates or those of other people, unless he intentionally and fraudulently misleads his client by a pretended estimate. In this case, as in that of any other fraud, he is liable for the results of his crime. Except under such circumstances, however, the architect's estimate of cost is simply an expression of opinion, the correctness of which he does not guarantee, any more than a lawyer guarantees the correctness of an opinion, although important interests may depend upon it. The owner can estimate the value of the architect's opinion, as of the lawyer's, by the professional reputation of the man who gives it, and, if he wishes to be more secure, he can go to another architect, as he would to another lawyer, for an independent estimate. Moreover, if the owner of the projected building is still anxious that the cost should be strictly limited to the sum estimated by the architects, he can have a contract drawn by which the builder shall be obliged to complete it for that sum, and can have his plans and specifications examined by competent authority, to see if they include everything necessary. This ought to make him reasonably sure what his house will cost him, provided he does not himself make changes in the plans or specifications. If he has omitted to take this precaution, and, as his building goes on, he finds that it is likely to exceed the estimate, he has another excellent opportunity to protect himself, by ordering immediately such changes in the plans and specifications for the work yet remaining to be done as may reduce the expense to the desired amount, and by doing so he generally suffers no damage, as, if he does not get all he expected to for his money, he gets all his money will pay for. * * * * * With all these opportunities for revising and testing the correctness of an architect's estimate, the man who neglects to avail himself of any of them, and who allows the work on his house to go on, after it has become evident that it will cost more than the estimate, has, according to M. Fremy-Ligneville, no claim against any one on account of his disappointment. Of course, the architect should be as careful in his estimates as his experience allows him to be, and any conscientious man would try not to mislead a client, but both he and his client must remember that when the tenders of the builders themselves usually vary from fifty to a hundred per cent for the same piece of work, an architect's estimate cannot be anything more than an opinion. Moreover, the architect should not forget that, being an opinion, and not a guaranty, he is not only at liberty to modify it as much and as often as he sees fit, but is bound to do so, and to inform his client at once of the change, when fuller information, or alteration in the circumstances, shall show him that the original estimate is likely to be exceeded. If he does this frankly, although his client may be disappointed, he cannot reproach the architect with trying to deceive him, and there will probably still be time to make the changes necessary for reducing the expense to the desired point. In a case decided in Paris in July, 1855, a man was condemned to pay fifty-four thousand francs for repairs done on a house. He proved that his architect had estimated the expense at seven or eight thousand, but it was shown that the architect had subsequently informed him that it would be necessary to do more work than was at first contemplated, and that he had made inquiries about the matter, and had turned out his tenants so that the work might be done, and had paid the contractors more than the sum originally estimated; and the court thought he had no case at all against the architect. * * * * * The great building firm of Peto Brothers, in England, having been awarded a contract for a large public building, have taken advantage of what, as they say, they consider a favorable opportunity to initiate a system of profit-sharing with their men, in accordance with a circular which is printed in the _Builder_. The system described by the circular is very simple. It is to apply for the present, only to the contract mentioned, but, if it works well, will be extended to future cases. Under the arrangement proposed one-quarter of the net profits of the contract are, when the building is done and the accounts settled, to be divided, as a bonus above their wages, among the men who have worked on it, in proportion to the wages they have earned. The conditions under which each man is entitled to his share are that he shall have worked long enough on the contract to have earned five pounds, at the regular rate of wages; that he shall not have neglected his duty, or misconducted himself, or wasted his time, or in other ways have acted so as to diminish the profits of the contract, or injure the reputation of the firm for good and honest work; and, that he shall not have engaged in any strike for shorter hours, or for wages above the schedule of wages which prevailed at the time the contract was made, and upon which the contract price was based. That the workmen may assure themselves of the fairness with which the division is carried out they are invited by the circular to send a representative to watch the making-up of the accounts by the auditor of the firm, and to sign the balance-sheet. In order to identify the claimants, every man must obtain a printed ticket from the time-keeper, on beginning his work, countersigned by the foreman, and noting the day and hour when his employment commenced, with his name, number and wages. This is to be again signed and countersigned when he leaves, and must be produced to secure a share in the dividend. Unpretending as it is, this bids fair to be one of the most interesting experiments in social science yet tried, and unless the trades-unions in England have forgotten their prowess, it will not be carried out without a struggle. Our readers will remember Mr. Lewis H. Williams's experiences in trying a similar plan with his carpenters in New York, and his final victory, but he had only one union to contend with, and that not a very compact one, while Messrs. Peto Brothers will have all the building trades about their ears at once, and the great question whether men shall be allowed to do only a fixed amount of work in a day, and that amount as small as possible, or whether they shall be allowed to work as they please, will be fairly brought before the parties for decision. THE APARTMENT-HOUSE. [Illustration: "THE SURE REVOLVING TEST OF TIME--PAST AND PRESENT" CARTOON FOR SGRAFFITO by HEYWOOD SUMNER.] From _Building News_. Most people are willing to admit that they cannot afford to pay over twice as much for a thing as it is worth; but few in this country are aware that they do this very thing when they build for themselves an independent city dwelling-house or pay a rent equivalent to or greater than the interest on this outlay. In the old country the secret of obtaining luxury and economy combined in building has been learned, and rich and poor, fashionable and unfashionable alike live in "flats." In America, people have not yet learned this lesson, but cling to the old and barbarous custom of living _perpendicularly_ in isolated towers, with all the cares and worries that go with isolated management. [Illustration: Figure 1.] Nothing shows more clearly than this, how much man is a creature of habit. In his savage state, the nature of his existence necessitated the isolated hut. As civilization advanced, however, the necessity for, and enormous advantages of cooeperation became evident, but habit perpetuated the isolated dwelling long after the reasons for its existence had disappeared, and it required centuries for civilized men to learn that cooeperation is an element as essential to perfection in the arrangement of their habitations as it is in other things. _A given accommodation may be obtained in the form of a "flat" for less than one-half the outlay required to obtain it in the form of an independent dwelling built on the same land._ The form of comparison herein presented has never, to my knowledge, been heretofore made, and the results are as surprising as they are important and interesting. The estimates of cost have been made by several competent contractors on scale drawings and accurate specifications, are easily verified and hence may be accepted as reliable. Figure 1 is one of the plans of our apartment-house which is to be built on the Back Bay, Boston. Figure 2 shows the floor-plans of an independent house which might be built on the same land. Both figures are drawn to the same scale for convenience in comparing the dimensions. The independent-house (which I shall, in contradistinction to the "flat," designate as the "tower" to mark its prominent point of difference from the "flat" in form) contains a kitchen, pantry, furnace-room, fuel-cellar, laundry, dining-room, china-closet, parlor, eight bed-chambers provided with suitable closets, two bath-rooms, a trunk-room, a front staircase extending from the first floor to the attic, and a back staircase extending from the basement to the third floor. What will these accommodations cost in this form and what in the form of a "flat" in an apartment-house? The apartment-house contains a public kitchen, steam-heating, ventilating and electric-lighting isolated plants, fuel-cellar, laundry, cafe, billiard-room, gentlemen's smoking-room, ladies' parlor, small public dining-rooms, and eighty suites, _averaging_ five rooms, a bath-room and closets in each, and with a trunk or storage-room in the basement for each suite; four elevators and four fireproof staircases of iron and marble enclosed in brick walls from basement to roof. The suites are of different sizes to suit the proposed occupants, and will have from two to twelve or more rooms of varying dimensions as desired. They are partly "housekeeping" suites, _i. e._, having kitchens and dining-rooms; partly "hotel" suites, _i. e._, having neither kitchens nor dining-rooms, the occupants preferring to use the public cafe and dining-rooms; and partly "semi-housekeeping" suites, _i. e._, having dining-rooms and china-closets with dumb-waiters connecting them with the public-kitchen, but no independent kitchen. The "housekeeping" suites require one more bed-room than the others, to accommodate a private cook. Assuming now at first in our comparison those conditions which are least favorable to the apartment-house, we will take one of the "housekeeping" suites, having precisely the same number and size of rooms as we find in our independent house or "tower" and compare costs. The only difference in the accommodation in each case is that, in the "flat," the rooms are accessible to one another without the use of stairs, while in the "tower" six flights of stairs in all are used, constituting in the aggregate a ladder, as it were, of about a hundred steps; also in the fact that in the "tower" the owner has to manage his own heating, ventilating and hot-water supply apparatus, while in the "flat" this work is done for him; that in the "tower" wooden staircases and no elevators are used, while in the "flat" fireproof staircases enclosing elevators are provided; that in the "tower" the main partitions are often of wood while in the flat they are of brick a foot thick and each "flat" is separated from its neighbor by a brick wall a foot thick and all the floors are completely deadened against the transmission of sound; and finally that in the "tower" no external fire-escape is provided, while the "flat" has convenient external fire-escapes of iron. Otherwise the accommodations are in both cases precisely the same. The total cost of this apartment-house, including the building-lot valued at, say, $5 a square foot, has been carefully estimated at $617,771. This is the highest of two competitive estimates given by two responsible builders, and comprises general cooking-plant, electric-lighting, steam-heating and ventilating apparatus, iron staircases and fire-escapes, elevators, copper roofing, architect's commission, and, in short, everything required for occupancy and use except wall-paper. The first floor contains 16,688 square feet of available room. (By "available" I mean room which is directly occupied by, and which must be separately provided for each owner. That is, it excludes staircases, furnace, laundry, etc., which might be used in common by many owners and therefore need not be duplicated for each, and which are only indirectly serviceable to each owner in contributing to the usefulness of those which are directly enjoyed.) The six floors above contain 23,288 square feet of available room each, making a total of 156,416 square feet. Adding 10,880 square feet for basement storage and trunk-room for the suites, and 2,000 square feet in the basement for barber's shop, apothecary, carriage and other offices along the street fronts, we have a total of 169,296 square feet of available room in the entire apartment-house. Dividing the total cost $617,771 by this figure we have $3.65 for the cost of each square foot of available room in the building. Our "tower" measures twenty-five feet front on party lines, by seventy feet deep. Its available rooms comprise parlor, library, music-room, eight closeted-chambers, two bath-rooms, a trunk-room, a dining-room, and we may add a kitchen for those who still believe in having an independent cook. The area of these rooms is as follows: Parlor 374 sq. ft. Library 374 " Music-room 154 " Chamber No. 1 384 " Chamber No. 2 528 " Chamber No. 3 170 " Chamber No. 4 252 " Chamber No. 5 162 " Chamber No. 6 286 " Chamber No. 7 242 " Chamber No. 8 315 " 2 Bath-rooms 144 " Trunk-room 136 " Dining-room 408 " Kitchen 384 " China-closet 136 " Other closets 410 " Making a total of 4,859 square feet of available room in the "tower." Its total cost on a twenty-five foot lot of the average depth on the Back Bay, _i. e._, 112 feet, the land being valued as before at $5 per square foot, would be at the lowest estimate $32,000 at the present prices, the wood finish being equally good with that in the "flat." If we figure, however, for the same style of lighting, heating, ventilating and fireproofing, and provide an elevator and outside fire-escape, the cost could not be put below $40,000. The same amount of available space, _i. e._, 4,859 square feet in our "flat" would cost at $3.65 per square foot as above estimated, $17,735. If now we consider that the management of a private kitchen and an Irish cook does not actually constitute the essence of a home in its broadest sense, but, that on the contrary, it really deprives a home of its greatest charm, namely, peace of mind and rest of body, the kitchen and the cook's bed-chamber may be omitted from our "flat" in view of the public kitchen. The area of our "flat" then becomes 4,475 square feet, which, at $3.65 per foot, brings the cost down to a little over $16,000. Finally, if we omit the dining-room also, with its china-closet, our area becomes 3,931 square feet, and the cost only $14,350 for the "flat," against $40,000 for the "tower," the former being but little over a third of the latter. So much for the saving in the case of a large family and large suite. For a small suite, such as would be required for a single person, or a small family of two or three persons, the saving at once mounts to a very much larger figure; so much so, indeed, as to render the use of the isolated house in such cases a most inordinate extravagance, except for the very rich. Thus a single person, or a family of two or three, could be very comfortably provided for with three or four rooms, and a bath-room in an apartment-house having a good cafe. Estimating the rooms to measure 18 x 22 feet, their area would be a little over 400 feet each, including closets, and their cost $1,460 apiece; or for smaller rooms of, say, 14 x 15 feet, or 224 square-feet surface, the cost would be but $818 apiece. An isolated dwelling, on the same land, of only eighteen feet frontage and fifty feet deep, would cost, including the lot at $5 a foot, not less than $18,000 or $8,000, without the land. Of course, in such an isolated dwelling, electric-lighting, steam-heating, fireproof stairs, and other luxuries of the "flat," would hardly be expected. By the arrangement of our apartment-house, there are twenty-four corner-suites out of the eighty. These have direct sunlight on either one or both of their exposed fronts, and may be estimated as worth fifty per cent more than the rest. In other words, 3/10 of the whole available room space is worth fifty per cent more, and 7/10 correspondingly less than the average price of $3.65 per foot. Therefore, $3.65 x 1-1/2 = $5.47 = price of corner-suites per foot, 3/10 x the total area 169,296 square feet = 50,788 square feet x $5.47 = $277,810, which, deducted from $617,771, leaves $339,961 to represent the total cost of the remaining 7/10. The total area 169,296 x 7/10 = 118,507 square feet of available space in the inner-suites. Hence $339,961/118,507 = $2.86 as the price per square foot of the inner-suites, or all suites which are not corner-suites. Now, as our estimates on the "tower" were made on the basis of its being an inner building in a block and not a corner-house, our estimates for the "flat" should be on a basis of $2.86, instead of $3.65, as taken. Therefore, our suite of 4,859 square feet would be but $13,896 if the "flat" were any other than a corner one, and if the public kitchen and cafe were used, it would be $11,242, or _but a little more than a quarter of that of the "tower!"_ The foregoing figures are easily explained, and their correctness verified by the following simple diagrams and considerations: [Illustration: Figure 2.] In Figure 2 the shaded parts of the plans represent the unavailable room which, under the apartment-house system, are rendered unnecessary, and they are practically wasted. Thus the eighty families, by uniting their eighty homes in one cooeperative apartment, save 156 staircases consisting of seventy-six front and eighty back staircases, seventy-eight furnaces, seventy-nine laundries, etc., and nearly all the space they occupy, and the land, foundation and roof they represent. [Illustration: Figure 3.] This waste space may be graphically shown by the diagrams in Figure 3. The large black-and-white line represents the "tower," and the shorter the "flat." The black part of each line denotes unavailable, and the white part available room, the sum of the two denoting the total cubical contents of each dwelling. The white parts of the lines measure the same length in each case, because the amount of available room in "tower" and "flat" is assumed at the outset to be the same. Thus in the "tower," the front and back staircases and halls take up 22,000 cubic feet out of the total 106,000 cubic feet covered by the entire building. In the "flat" the proportional part of the halls and staircases for each suite is represented by a comparatively insignificant quantity as shown. Again, an enormous waste is shown in the flooring, roof and air-spaces of the "tower," while this item is but a trifle in the "flat." The six floors, each 16 inches thick, and the roofing make up together in the "tower" 12,000 cubic feet, or nearly the equivalent of an entire story. Add to this 12,000 cubic feet of air-space under the roof and over the concrete, and we have in these items a waste of 24,000 cubic feet, against only 4,000 in the "flat." Thus we see that the waste space in the "tower" actually exceeds the available. Yet it must be paid for at the same rate with the latter. Deducting the waste in the "flat" from that in the "tower," we find the balance of waste space in the "tower" to be equal to the available, showing graphically that the "tower" must cost, in these items alone, just twice as much as the "flat." [Illustration: Figure 4.] Figure 4 shows a block-plan on a very small scale of the apartment-house, and a block-plan on the same scale of 40 "towers" adjoining each other, and having the same available space as the apartment-house. These plans show how much more land is required to give the same accommodations (minus the conveniences and luxuries of an apartment-house) in the "tower" system than in the "flat." The shaded portions in each block-plan represent the aggregate of available room in each case. This shows very strikingly what an enormous proportion of land and material is wasted in the "tower" system. In short, the possible saving in first cost for each family adopting the "flat" system of building lies between $14,265 and $28,758, making an aggregate saving for the 80 families occupying the apartment of between one and two millions of dollars. The annual running expenses are also greatly in favor of the "flat" system when the advantages of cooeperation are used to its greatest extent. Eighty independent Irish cooks give way to a professional _chef_ and half-a-dozen _attaches_. The wages and maintenance of the 80 cooks would amount to an annual sum of not less than $40,000; those of the _chef_ and his assistants to hardly $10,000, making in this one item a possible annual saving of $30,000. The management of the 80 independent Irish cooks, if possible at all, could only be accomplished by the constant struggle of 80 worried and largely inexperienced owners or their wives. The management of the _chef_ and his _attaches_ could more easily be managed by a single person, either selected from among the 80 families and suitably recompensed, or employed as a professional manager at a regular salary. Or the entire control of the _cafe_, and kitchen could be let out by contract to some suitable caterer, if preferred. Corresponding savings are evidently possible in every other department of housekeeping, including steam-heating, ventilating, laundry-work, lighting and elevator-work. In all of these particulars, cooeperation, judiciously conducted, has been shown to yield surprising economies. But there are other advantages even more important than its economy in favor of the "flat." Freedom from housekeeping cares has already been touched upon. In the "tower," life is spent in training and treating with servants, mechanics and market-men. The private cook is a volcano in a house, slumbering at times, but always ready to burst forth into destructive eruption. True repose is out of the question, and we are told that "the motive for foreign travel of perhaps one-half of Americans is rest from household cares and the enjoyment of good attendance, freed from any responsibility in its organization and management." Security against burglary and fire is another. In a good apartment-house, trained watchmen stand on guard night and day to protect the occupants, and stand-pipes, hose and fire-buckets are provided in all the halls, and kept in repair for emergency. The family may leave their apartments for travel summer or winter, knowing that their property is as secure as modern appliances, system and ingenuity can make it. Not so with our isolated dwelling. The cost of providing all these means of protection is too great to make them practicable. The result is that the fear of burglary and fire at all times causes uneasiness, particularly on the part of the wife during the absence of her husband. Beauty in the architectural arrangement of the rooms is a third advantage of the "flat." In this it has all the advantage of the double house or residence of the immensely rich. The rooms may be grouped in a manner which renders possible the highest architectural effect, whereas in the "tower" the perpendicular arrangement evidently precludes such opportunity by limiting the design to a wearisome and monotonous repetition from basement to attic. No argument can be sustained against the "flat" on the ground of transmission of sound or want of privacy and isolation, for sound may be as fully deadened as in the "tower" by means of the 12-inch brick separating walls shown in our plan, and the most improved deafening treatment of the floor-joists. Isolation may be made complete in the "flat," the private halls and front doors of each suite being in every respect the equivalent of those in the "tower"; the only difference being that with the "flat" the outer world begins with the public hall and its elevator, while with the "tower" it begins with the public street and its horse-car. Add to these advantages the possibility for a greatly enlarged and delightful social intercourse which a properly arranged and conducted apartment-house provides, and we have as near an approach to the ideal of a human habitation as has yet been devised. J. P. PUTNAM. ARCHITECTURE IN BROOKLYN. [Illustration] The city of Brooklyn has at last waked up to realize her size and importance architecturally. Brooklyn, though growing very rapidly and having many buildings of importance, has really had very little good architecture, for the simple reason that the profession, not being in any way organized, could not, as a rule, receive the treatment due respectable architects. For this reason many young men who would not be capable of practising elsewhere, have flocked to this city, and by various methods, many of which are far from honorable, have succeeded in getting control of most of the work. However, we hope for better things. The Brooklyn Institute some time ago decided to organize a Department of Architecture, and for this purpose a meeting of architects was called, which led to several more meetings and the attendance at these was exceedingly hopeful for the new department, some forty or fifty architects signifying their willingness to help along in the work; finally a public meeting was held in the Institute on Friday December 13, at which some six or seven hundred persons were present, and the Department was fully organized; the constitution carefully thought-out at the previous meetings was adopted, and the following list of officers chosen: _President_, G. L. Morse; _Vice-President_, Louis De Coppet Berg; _Secretary_, William B. Tubby; _Treasurer_, Gustave A. Jahn; _Committee on Current Work_, Richard M. Upjohn, R. L. Daus and Louis De Coppet Berg; _Committee on Museum and Library_, Walter E. Parfitt, Pierre Le Brun; and Wm. Hamilton Gibson; _Committee on Competitions and Awards_, R. L. Daus, D. E. Laub, Russell Sturgis; _Committee on Professional Practice_, Walter Dickson, Albert F. D'Oench, Richard M. Upjohn; _Committee on Social Intercourse_, H. P. Fowler, Charles T. Mott and General Ingram. During the necessary intervals of balloting, etc., the President, Mr. George L. Morse, made a short address, setting forth the history of the previous meetings, and congratulating the local architects on the prospect of having a strong and well-organized society. Mr. Louis De Coppet Berg, of the firm of J. C. Cady & Co., Architects, then addressed the meeting as follows:-- When a young man enters a profession, and particularly the profession of architecture, if perchance he gets an original idea, or a little knowledge, he at once becomes very secretive, tries to keep it all to himself for fear some one else will benefit by it, and marks all his drawings "The property of...," and "Not to be copied, or used, without the consent of the author, _under penalty of the law_." As he grows a little older in his profession he begins to find out that a few others have ideas as well as himself, and know a little something once in a while; and as he grows still older he finds that there are a great many others, who know a great deal more than he does, and who have a great many better ideas than he has; and then it is, that he longs for communication with his professional brethren, and he finds that, in order to get the benefit of their ideas and knowledge, he must freely communicate his own to them. Hence it is that in most of the large cities we find some association of architects; Brooklyn, however, the third city of the Union, is unique in this respect, that it has absolutely no place where professional architects can meet and discuss the different problems of their profession. To remedy this evil, the Brooklyn Institute proposed to establish a Department of Architecture, and for this purpose called together a large number of local architects. Now, we have decided that, if we have any Department at all, it shall be a live one; and this reminds me of a squib I read in the paper the other day, telling how, somewhere in Spain, they had unearthed an old painting, which was pronounced a genuine Murillo. It was said that the experts could not as yet determine whether the subject of the cracked and dingy old canvas was a Madonna or a Bull Fight, but that, nevertheless, they did not hesitate to declare that it was a great acquisition to art. Now, that is the trouble with most associations of architects; if the subject for discussion is only old, cracked and dingy enough, they are happy. Nothing delights them more than to spend all their time and energies in discussing Etruscan or other antique architectures, or the exact differentiations between the many styles of architecture. Now, while we value the history of an art, and shall give it all due attention, we propose to remember that the modern architect, besides being an artist, must be one of the most practical and executive of business men. We admit that our ancestors in the profession designed beautiful castles, magnificent cathedrals and lovely chateaux, but we remember that these castles, these cathedrals, these chateaux were planned without any comfort; that they had no plumbing devices, no methods for cooking, no systems of heating or ventilation, and no way of getting light but the miserable taper; while to-day the architect, besides being a thorough artist, who knows how to design and to color, besides being thoroughly up in the history of his art, must know how to plan for comfort, to construct for strength and stability; must understand all the details of boilers, machinery, dynamos, electric-wiring, heating and ventilating systems, plumbing and sanitation, and lastly must be able to manage the complicated finances of large undertakings. Now, to carry out these ideas in our work, we shall, in the first place, establish a museum and library, to which we shall welcome all gifts of books, pictures, models, casts, etc., whether illustrating the artistic, or the practical side of the profession. Then we shall have a course of monthly, public lectures by competent authorities, the subjects of which will probably be very largely chosen from the artistic side of the profession. We also propose to have stated meetings of the Department monthly, at which some carefully selected papers will be read by experts, the subjects of which will be given out as long in advance as possible, in order that all may be thoroughly prepared for a full and open discussion; and then, after these meetings, in order to promote sociability amongst the members, and to show how thoroughly practical we are, we propose to have something to eat. We also hope later to establish schools, not only for young men, but particularly for draughtsmen, where they can be taught, not only the art of drawing, but also the many practical branches connected with the profession. The meeting was also addressed by the Rev. Dr. Chas. H. Hall, President of the Associate Members. He spoke at great length and kept his audience intensely interested by describing his own acquaintance with architecture, beginning with the original negro log-house down South, then the prim buildings of old Andover and Harvard, and finally how he saw the great former St. Ann's of Brooklyn, the likeness of which, he said, could be seen any day on the piers of New York when they were unloading dry-goods boxes; and how he finally went abroad and saw the beautiful architecture of Paris, which he could not praise enough. He was also unstinted in his praise of the modern beauty and architecture of Washington. He also spoke of his visits to London, and, while he admitted that Englishmen thought their architecture beautiful, he took exception, and claimed that the great St. Paul's, though beautiful to the English eye, was a cold barren building, blacked with smoke inside and out, a place where you could not be comfortable, nor hear the speaker at any distance. We regret that we are not able to give a verbatim account of his witty address. At the end of Dr. Hall's address, the lecturer of the evening, Professor Russell Sturgis, architect, of New York, addressed the meeting as follows, his subject being "The Study of Architecture," with particular reference to the architecture of to-day. ADDRESS OF MR. RUSSELL STURGIS. With regard to architecture and all the arts of decoration, there is a strange difference between the practice of them, and such study as looks toward practice, on the one hand, and the history and theory of them, with such study as that involves, on the other. Quite completely are these two studies separated, each from the other. A man may be most active and successful as a practising designer, and successful in an artistic way, too, with no knowledge and little thought of the history of his own branch of art, and with little curiosity as to its philosophy or its poetry. And, on the other hand, a man may be a very earnest student, and a happy and delighted student of the history and criticism of art, and know nothing, and care as little, about the profession or practice of any art, or about studio ways and studio traditions. I do not know that in any branch of human study this distinction is so marked and so strong. This is to be regretted, for many reasons, but it can hardly be done away with so long as the community is generally careless of both the theoretical and the practical--so long as the students and the practitioners alike feel themselves nearly isolated units, floating in a sea of good-humored indifference. This state of things only time can alter. Only time can civilize our new community in intellectual and perspective matters; but there are some other conditions which are more immediately in our power to modify, perhaps--let us see: It is as true as if it had not been repeated, even to fatigue and boredom, that the arts of decoration have been in a bad way for a good part of the century past, at least among some European and Europeanized nations. I do not imagine that a Frenchman would admit that architecture and the arts of decoration had ever languished in his own society. Your cultivated Frenchman would say that some periods were better than others, but that there were no bad periods; he would say that, to be sure, the style of the First Napoleon's Empire was not a very fortunate style,--too stiff, too absurdly pseudo-classic, unworthy of France, a poor enough successor of the dainty and playful art of Louis XV, or the somewhat more refined and restrained art of Louis XVI: but he would say that it was art still, and the period a not wholly inartistic period; and even of the dull times of the Napoleon of Peace, from 1830 to 1848, while he would confess to a great deal of languor and lack of public spirit of all sorts, except in the struggle which the Romantic artists, headed by Delacroix, waged with the Classicists, headed by Ingres; while he would admit that the abundant wood-cuts and lithographs, the painting and statues much less abundant even in proportion, and the buildings very few and unimportant, were not sufficient to make up a great artistical epoch, that is, for France; yet as for its being an epoch without art,--such a thing as that, he would say France had not known since she was France. And he would be right. But if said of England it would be pretty nearly true, if it were said that the whole amount of art of the decorative kind that existed in England between 1810 and 1850, for instance, would fill but a small museum, and that its quality would fill but slight requirements, it would require a bold Anglophil to contradict. There came a dull pall, like that of her own black fogs, over social London, and the stucco-fronted languors of Baker Street and Portland Place are no worse than were the dull monotony of the interiors behind them. Veneered and polished mahogany furniture, very much too large and too heavy for the rooms; black haircloth, like the grave clothes of Art, for the covering of everything that could be sat upon; cold, brownish-red curtains, of shiny but not lustrous material; silver candlesticks of monstrous design,--these, and such as these, were the decorative objects which our fathers or our grandfathers admired, or felt that they must admire for want of better, during the unhappy years that I have cited. The delicate carvings that the furniture of a generation just previous had received, were forgotten. People put up with Chippendale chairs in their dining-rooms because they had belonged to their fathers and nothing special was offered to take their place; but there is no record that they cared for them. The richer and more fantastic carvings of Grinling Gibbons had never obtained any general recognition nor availed to modify the woodwork of the domestic interiors of England. The brocades and flowered silks which the eighteenth century had revelled in, and if in England not strong enough artistically to produce them itself, had brought into England from other lands;--these were replaced by the dismal things I have alluded to, and no vestige of them seems to have remained in the parlors of that unhappy time. Richness of costume had disappeared with the wars of the French Revolution. Embroidered silk coats had given place gradually to claret-colored and blue broadcloth, and this gave place to black, and all variety in costume had disappeared completely; and now, from 1810 to 1850, fantastically varied and interesting house-furnishing and decoration had followed, as I suppose it inevitably must follow; costume, being, one fears, a necessary part of anything like a prosperous artistic epoch. Out of this gloomy depression the Anglo-Saxon world, in England and in this country, is trying to emerge. It began its efforts with the perfectly natural conviction that by studying the artistic history of the past, something could be done to benefit the arts of the present. The Gothic revival, which you have heard of so much, and which was followed with real ardor and with unquestioning zeal by crowds of devotees for years, beginning with, perhaps, 1840, was an attempt along the most obvious lines,--along what seemed to be the line of least resistance, to change the metaphor. To develop anew an old art, which had flourished so greatly in the past,--how easy! and how certain! How certain were the enthusiasts of that time, that by earnestly poring over and closely analyzing and heartily loving the buildings of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, such buildings, and others like them, could be built in the nineteenth! How happy was the conviction of all these men that it was not more difficult than that! The secret of what had been done was to be found in the phenomena themselves. There, in this parish church, in this cathedral, lay the secret of their charm. Let us analyze first, they said, and let us put together again the ingredients that our analysis shall have discovered, and we will re-create the thing that we are in search of. In like manner, in the minor arts, the people of 1850 felt, or some of them did, that they did not know how to weave curtains that it was worth any one's while to hang up, except to shut out the light and shut in the warmth; that so far as beauty of texture, beauty of pattern, and beauty of color went, they were powerless to produce anything of any avail. But they saw that the Venetians of the sixteenth century and the Florentines of the seventeenth century and the French of the eighteenth century had produced splendid stuffs; and although there were no museums in those days that condescended to anything so humble, such stuffs were still to be bought of the bric-a-brac dealers, and very cheap, too, and still existed, rolled up in some old garrets. By studying them, surely the art of making others like them could be learned. And so around the whole circle of the arts of decoration, it was believed, and in thoroughly good faith, and with, as it seemed, perfectly good reason, that the study of what had been would suffice, with zeal and patience and good will, to the production of what should be. Well, the experiment has failed. Archaeology is the most delightful of pursuits, but it is not particularly conducive of good art. The German professor, who knows the most about Phidian sculpture, is as far as his youngest pupil from being able to produce anything Phidian, but, of course, this is not a fair example. The German professor does not profess to be a sculptor. Let us say then, that that sculptor now alive who knows the most, theoretically and historically about Greek art, is as far as his most ignorant contemporary and rival from having Greek methods of work. This is a safe proposition. I do not know who he is, nor can any one tell me. It is not a question of men, but of principles. The study of the monuments of