The Project Gutenberg EBook of Sketch of Grammar of the Chippeway Languages, by
John Summerfield
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Title: Sketch of Grammar of the Chippeway Languages
To Which is Added a Vocabulary of some of the Most Common Words
Author: John Summerfield
Release Date: November 14, 2006 [EBook #19807]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ASCII
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This e-text consists of two books:
Spellings for the Schools in the Chipeway
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Sketch of Grammar of the Chippeway Language
In the first book (Spellings...), the hyphen - is used to separate syllables. In the second book (Grammar...) the hyphen seems to represent the glottal stop.
In the word lists of the first book, the first entry in each column was sometimes— but not consistently— capitalized. This capitalization has been retained, whether or not the e-text layout replicates the original.
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Contents (list added by transcriber)
Adjectives (including Numbers)
Verbs
Conjugation of "to love" (active)
Conjugation of "to be"
Conjugation of "to be loved" (passive)
Participles, Adverbs, Prepositions, Conjunctions, Interjections
Ah-na-she-nah-pa, Oo-te-ke-too-we-nun; Ka-ke-ke-noo-ah-mah-ween-twah e-kewh, Ka-nah-wah-pahn-tah-gigk Mah-ze-nah-e-kun.
|
Kah nah sah wah keene neene weene meene owh howh ewh |
Neeje keeje weeje moose koose noose meezhe peezhe neezhe weezhe moozhe |
Squach shwas quaich paske kaugk mongk shongk jeese aahe tdush |
|
Ah keh ah keeng ah kik ah mik ahn doohm ah nungk ah owh ah pa ah pweh ah sin ah tick |
ah toon e mah e kewh e newh e qua I yahdt kah yawsk ke tahn ke quis ke nwazhe mah quah |
me nick me quom me zeh me squeh me tigk nah maih ne gigk ne peh ne peeng ne sing |
|
Ne sweh oo chawzhe oo kaudt oo kowh oo kun oo mah oo nick |
oo ninje oon taus oo pin oo saum Oo zidt oo skonzhe oo taih |
qui yuck shing quawk shing koub shing kaugk tah zheh te pigk wah zhusk |
|
Ah zheh a shkum a sance a squach a tah a yaudt a zheh che mon che pywh ka che ka kate ka gooh ke kah |
ke kooh ke zhick ke zis ki ya koo koosh mah che mah kuk mah mick mah noo mahn tdah ma quah me chim me kun |
me kaunce me nance me quaich me quon me tdush me owh me zhusk nah nindt na kowh na yaub ne win ning kah |
|
noo sa noo tdin noo tding noong koom oo jee pah mah pa kah pe toon |
poo neh se peh sah keh sau kie she shebe tain ta wa nain |
wa quain wau poose we kah we nin we yause we pidt ween sah |
|
Ah je chaugk ah kah mingk ah neen teh ah ne moosh ah ne peesh ah noo kee ah pa kish ah quing koos ah she kun ah wah kahn ah wa seeh ah yah pa |
ah zhoo gun a me quahn a yah chick a yah yun a zhah yun ka yah peh mah ke sin mah ne toonce mah ne toosh mah ske moodt me ke seh me sah owh |
nah kah mooh ne zhe kaih oo me meh oo nah kun oo ne shkaudt oo que son oon tah shahn oo ske zhick oo se tongk pe je nuck shah wain tung shah wa nim |
|
E nah shka e qua sance e shkoo ta ke na pigk ke noo zhai |
mah noo min me quain tun me sah poose me she min me she kaih |
me she nuck me tig koonce mun tah min nah ma koos nah ma pin |
|
Pah ke tin wau be gun |
wau bah maudt wau be min |
|
Ah nah quodt e we te ing koo che ing koo twaus ish pe ming ka ah koo kah kah keh kah nah ka kah ke nick kah ke nah |
kah shah kance kah sah meh kah moo keede kah we kah ka ka keh ka koo weene ka ke quait ke me wun ke nah wah ke ke che |
ke she kudt ke she kuck koo se non me nah wah me ne zis me ze saih moo koo mon mun ne too mun ne toogk nah koo shah |
|
nah too way neen ah windt ne se tum ning ke che noo se non nowh ah quay oo che pway oo ke mah oo me squeem pah pah say pe me zeh |
pe na sheeh pe pah kim pe she keh sah ke maih sah ke toodt se wah quahn shah kah nosh shong qua sheh shoo ne yah tah be schooch tah que shin |
ta pain tungk ta pwa tungk tain ta seh wah ne toodt wah wah noon wa koo nain wa wa neh weje e shin wig ke waum we nah wah we wah quahn |
|
Ah chit ah mooh ah kuck koo jeesh ah sun ah kooh ah wah se seh e nah pe yook ke pah e kun ke pim oo say ke tah e kun |
me squah ta seh ne pwah kah win ne wah pah tahn oo ka yah wis oo mah kah keh oo mong ke zheh oo tah pe nick oo tah pe nun |
oo ta e min oo que se mon oo wig ke waum pah ske se gun she kah kah winzhe ta pwa tah wick wah oo na seh |
|
Ah quah tah sheeh ah se ke nauk ah zhah wah maig ain tah che yungk ke zhe tah yook maun nah ta nis |
na pwah kah chick pah kah ah quaih too too shah boo waug ke koo mon wah wah ska sheh |
|
Ah kin tah soo win ah nah me ah win ah ne she nah pay ah quah ne pe sahn ah sin ne se kah ke moo te schke win ke nah we schke win mah ze nah e kun me ne te we nun me skoo te se min me tig quah ke zin mon nain e te win ne kah ne se took |
neeng ke te mah kis ne skah te se win nin tah wa mah took ne te ke koo took oo kah ke qua win oo zhe pe e kun pah kun te se win pah pah ke wah yahn shah wa ne te win sah ke e te win ween tah mah we shin we too kah we shin |
|
Pa zhe go kah zhee peen tah kah ta waun oo ke mah we win |
oo te ke too win she pe koo pah tick wah ne squa se win |
Too toosh pim me tay
|
Kah ke pah te se win kah ke qua we ne neh kah nah wah pa me shin kah nah wa ne me shin |
mah noo min e ka zheeh mah kah ta e ne neh e she wa pe se win ta pwa yain tah moo win |
|
Ke too ke mah me non kah ke pah te se win na nahn tah we e waidt |
oo mah ze nah e kun wah wah pe koo noo jhee |
|
ka ke noo ah mah kaidt mah che ah ye e wish |
ah koo koo pe nah gun ah wah che wun nah gun |
Ahn e me tah koo zin.
11Neeng-ke-che noo-se-non, Ish-pe-ming a-yah-yun. Ka-che-mun-ne-too-we-ne-kah-soo-yun. Ke-ke-che-ke-too-ke-mah-we-win pe-tah-we-she-nom. A-na-ne-me-wong-kane oo-mah-ke-zhe ah-keeng ne-kah-e-she-we-pe-se-min; tah-pe-schooch a-she-wa-buk e-we-ty Ish-pe-ming. Me-she-she-nom ka-ne-tah-soo ke-she-kuk me-chim pe-mah-te-se-win. Ki-ya pa-kah-shah-wa-ne-me-she-nom che-sah-ke-che-wa-pe-nah-mah-we-yong mah-che-ah-ye-e-wish, nah-sab-e-koo a-she shah-wa-ne-mong-ke-twah oo-kooh kah-pah-tah-e-yah-me-ke-chik, ki-ya keen e-she-shah-wa-ne-me-she-nom. Ka-goo we-kah ing-koo-chee ah-ne-e-she-we-she-she-kah-kane che-nah-ne-sah-ne-se-yong; mah-noo sah-koo kah-ke-nah shah-koo-te-nah-mah-we-she-nom mah-che-ah-ye-e-wish. Keen-mah-ween ke te-pain-tahn ke-che-oo-ke-mah-we-win, ki-ya euh ke-che-e-she-wa-pe-se-win, ki-ya euh ah-nah-me-ah-win ka-che-me-nwa-tah-quok, kah-ke-nik ki-ya kah-ke-nik.—Amen.
O Ke-sha-mun-ne-too Ish-pe-ming a-yah-yun, Shah-wain-tah-mah-we-she-nom mahn-tdah me-chim pe-mah-te-se-win, 12 kah-pah-ke-te-nah-mah-we-yongk; me-tdush ka-oon-je mah-skah-we-se-yongk che-ah-noo-ke-tah-koo yun; me-owh Jesus Christ a-pa-ne-moo-yongk. Amen.
O Ke-sha-mun-ne-too, neeng-keche Noo-se-non, me-quaich wa-wa-neh kah-we-se-ne-yongk noo-koom, ki-ya ain-tah-soo-ke-she-kuck shah-wain-ne-me-yongk; me-sab-owh Jesus Christ kah-ke-nigk ka-ah-pa-ne-moo yongk. Amen.
The following pages were written as an exercise for my leisure hours, while attending the Oneida Conference Seminary during the past winter. As it is the first attempt that, to my knowledge, has ever been made to reduce the Chippeway language to any system, it cannot be expected to be otherwise than imperfect, and perhaps may hereafter be found to be, in some respects, erroneous. It is, however, as free from errors as my present means have enabled me to make it. It has been printed at the request of my friends, by a fellow student, at his own suggestion and expense.
J. SUMMERFIELD.
Cazenovia, April 10, 1834.
3The Letters used in the Chippeway Language, are twenty-one, viz. A, a; B, b; C, c; D, d; E, e; G, g; H, h; I, i; J, j; K, k; M, m; N, n; O, o; P, p; Q, q; S, s; T, t; U, u; W, w; Y, y; Z, z. F, L, R, V, and X, are not used.
There are, in the Chippeway Language, ten parts of Speech, namely, the article, the noun, the pronoun, the adjective, the verb, the participle, the adverb, the preposition, the conjunction, and the interjection.
There is but one Article, used definitely both in the masculine and neuter genders, viz. Owh, the, m.; Ewh, the, n.
A Noun is the name of any person, place, or thing; as, Eneneh, man; Kahdahnahqueeng, Kingston; metig, tree.
Nouns are of two sorts, Common and Proper.
Common Nouns stand for kinds containing many sorts, or for sorts containing many individuals under them; as, Ahwaseeh, animal; eneneh, man; kegownh, fish; penaseh, bird.
Proper Nouns are the names appropriated to individuals, as, Charles, Cazenovia, Ganges. [N.B. Proper names, with a few exceptions, are the same as in English.]
To Nouns belong gender, person, number, and case.
Gender is the distinction of nouns with regard to sex.
Nouns have three genders, the masculine, the feminine, and the neuter.
The masculine gender denotes males; as, Eneneh, man.
The feminine gender is applied to animals, fishes, and birds; as, Nahbak, a she bear, &c.
The neuter gender denotes things without sex; as, Wewahquon, a hat.
Number is the distinction of objects as one or more.
4 Nouns are of two numbers, the singular and the plural.
The singular number implies but one object; as, Mahzenahegun, a book.
The plural number implies more than one; as, Mahzhenahegahnun, books.
Nouns have three cases, the nominative, the possessive, and the objective.
The nominative case simply expresses the name of a thing, &c.; as, Owh quewesanceoobahkahmegezeh, the boy plays.
The possessive case expresses the relation of property or possession, and always ends with the letter o; as, Noosayo wegewaum, my father's house.
The objective case expresses the object of an action or of relation; as John owejeahn Charles, John assists Charles.
Nouns may be declined in the following manner:
| Singular. | Plural. | |
| Nom. Case, | Eneneh, man. | Enenewug, men. |
| Poss. Case, | Eneneho, man's. | Enenewugo, men's. |
| Obj. Case, | Eneneh, man. | Enenewug, men. |
A Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun, to avoid repeating the same word; as, Pahpenatum eneneh, the man is happy; Pahpenatum, he is happy.
There are three personal pronouns, viz. Neen, I; keen, thou; ween, he; with their plurals, Nenahwind, we; kenahwah, ye or you; wenahwah, they.
Personal pronouns have person, number, gender and case.
The persons of pronouns are three in each number, viz.
|
Neen, I, is the first person, Keen, thou, is the second person, Ween, he, is the third person, |
Singular. | |
|
Nenahwind, we, is the first person, Kenahwah, you, is the second person, Wenahwah, they, is the third person, |
Plural. | |
Number.—Pronouns have two numbers, the singular and the plural.
5 Case.—Pronouns have three cases, the nominative, the possessive, and the objective.
Pronouns cannot be declined. The cases of each person have the same form.
| First person. | Singular. | Plural. |
|---|---|---|
| Nom. | Neen, I. | Nenahwind, we. |
| Poss. | Neen, mine. | Nenahwind, ours. |
| Obj. | Neen, me. | Nenahwind, us. |
An Adjective is a word added to a noun to express its quality; as, quahnoj eneneh, a good man; menwawezheh eneneh, an industrious man.
Adjectives are not varied to agree with their nouns, nor do they have any regular comparison.
The following is a list of Numeral Adjectives:
| Pazhick, | 1 |
| Neezhe, | 2 |
| Nesweh, | 3 |
| Newin, | 4 |
| Nahnun, | 5 |
| Ingoodwahsweh, | 6 |
| Neswahsweh, | 7 |
| Shahsweh, | 8 |
| Shongsweh, | 9 |
| Metahsweh, | 10 |
Metahsweh ahshepazhick, |
11 |
| Metahsweh ahsheneezhe, | 12 |
| Metahsweh ahshenesweh, | 13 |
| Metahsweh ahshenewin, | 14 |
| Metahsweh ahshenahnun, | 15 |
Metahsweh ahsheingoodwahsweh, |
16 |
| Metahsweh ahsheneswahsweh, | 17 |
| Metahsweh ahsheswahsweh, | 18 |
| Metahsweh ahsheshongsweh, | 19 |
| Nestahnah, | 20 |
| Nestahnah ahshepachick, | 21 |
| Nestahnah ahsheneezhe, | 22 |
| Nestahnah ahshenesweh, | 23 |
| Nestahnah ahshenewin, | 24 |
| Nestahnah ahshenahnun, | 25 |
Nestahnah ahsheingoodwahsweh, |
26 |
| Nestahnah ahsheneswahsweh, | 27 |
| Nestahnah ahsheshahsweh, | 28 |
| Nestahnah absheshongsweh, | 29 |
| Nesemetahnah, | 30 |
| Nemedahnah, | 40 |
| Nahnemedahnah, | 50 |
| Ingoodwahsemedahnah, | 60 |
| Neswahsemedahnah, | 70 |
| Swahsemedahnah, | 80 |
| Shonggahswehmedahnah, | 90 |
| Ingoodwak, | 100 |
| Nezhwak, | 200 |
| Neswak, | 300 |
| Newak, | 400 |
| Nahnwak, | 500 |
| Ingoodwahswak, | 600 |
| Nezhahswak, | 700 |
| Shawhswak, | 800 |
| Shongahswak, | 900 |
| Medahswak, | 1000 |
| Neezhemedahswak, | 2000 |
| Medahswehdahswak, | 10,000 |
| Nestahnahdahswak, | 20,000 |
| Nemedahnahdahswak, | 40,000 |
A Verb is a word which signifies to be, to do, or to suffer; as, Nedahyah, I am; Nedebahkoonewa, I rule; Nedebahkoonegoo, I am ruled.
Verbs are of three kinds, active, passive, and neuter.
A Verb Active expresses an action, and necessarily implies an agent and an object acted upon; as, Nezhahgeah James, I love James.
A Verb Passive expresses passion or a suffering or the receiving of an action, and implies an object acted upon, and an agent by which it is acted upon; as, Chezhahwaneding, to be loved; John oojezhahwanemah neen, John is loved by me.
A Verb Neuter expresses neither action nor passion, but being or a state of being; as, Nenebah, I sleep; Nenahmahdub, I sit.
Verbs have number, person, mood and tense.
Verbs have two numbers, the singular and the plural.
There are three persons in each number; as,
| Pers. | Singular. | Plural. |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | Nezhahwanega, I love. |
Nezhahwanegamin, we love. |
| 2. | Kezhahwanega, thou lovest. |
Kezhahwanegaim, you love. |
| 3. | Zhawanega, he loves. |
Zhahwanegawug, they love. |
The moods are five, Indicative, Subjunctive, Imperative, Potential, and the Infinitive.
The Indicative declares or affirms positively, or it asks a question; as, Zhahwanega, he loves; Zhahwaneganah? Does he love?
The Subjunctive expresses action or passion in a doubtful manner; as, Kespin zhahwanegaid, if he loves.
The Imperative is used for commanding, exhorting, and entreating; as, Mahjahn keen, depart thou; Noodahmooyook, do thou listen.
The Potential implies possibility, liberty, power, will; as, Tahgemewan kahnahbuge, it may rain; Kegahwesenemin kiya kahmenequamin, we shall eat and drink.
The Infinitive simply expresses the signification of the verb; as, Cheezechegang, to do; Chegegedoong, to speak.
7Verbs have six tenses, the present, the imperfect, the perfect, the pluperfect, the first and second future tenses.
The present tense represents a present action as taking place at the time in which it is mentioned; as, Nebop, I laugh; Newob, I see; Nedenadum, I think.
The imperfect tense denotes past action or event however distant, finished, but without defining the exact time of its completion; as, Oodanongezahbahneeg ahpe naquaskahwod, they were travelling to the town when he met them.
The perfect tense refers not only to what is past but also conveys an allusion to the present time; as, Ahzheh negegezhetoon nemahzhenahegun, I have finished my letter.
The pluperfect tense represents a thing, not only as past, but also as prior to some other point of time specified in the sentence; as, Ahzehnegegezhetonahbun letter chebwabedahgweshing, I had finished my letter before he arrived.
The first future tense represents the action as yet to come, either with or without respect to the precise time when; as, Owh kezis tahbemookahum wahbung, the sun will rise to-morrow.
The second future tense represents a future action that will be accomplished before another future action; as, Negahwesenenahbun nahwahquaig, I shall have dined at twelve o'clock.
A Verb is conjugated in the following manner:
| Sing. | 1. Nezhahwanega, | I love. |
| 2. Kezhahwanega, | Thou lovest. | |
| 3. Zhahwanega, | He loves. | |
| Plur. | 1. Nezhahwanegamin, | We love. |
| 2. Kezhahwanegaim, | Ye or you love. | |
| 3. Zhahwanegawug, | They love. |
| Sing. | 1. Ahzehnegezhahwanega, |
I have loved. |
2. Ahzehkegezhahwanega, |
Thou hast loved. | |
3. Ahzehkezhahwanega, |
He has loved. | |
| Plur. | 1. Ahzehnegezhahwanegamin, |
We have loved. |
2. Ahzehkegezhahwanegaim, |
Ye or you have loved. |
|
3. Ahzehkezhahwanegawug, |
They have loved. |
| Sing. | 1. Ahzehnegezhahwaneganahbun, |
I had loved. |
2. Ahzehkegezhahwaneganahbun, |
Thou hadst loved. | |
3. Ahzehkezhahwanegabun, |
He had loved. | |
| Plur. | 1. Ahzehnegezhawanegaminahbun, |
We had loved. |
2. Ahzehkegezhahwanegamwahbun, |
You had loved. | |
3. Ahzehkezhahwanegabahneeg, |
They had loved. |
| Sing. | 1. Negahzhahwanega, | I shall or will love. |
| 2. Kegahzhahwanega, | Thou shalt or wilt love. |
|
| 3. Tahzhahwanega, | He shall or will love. |
|
| Plur. | 1. Negahzhahwanegamin, |
We shall or will love. |
2. Kegahzhahwanegaim, |
You shall or will love. |
|
3. Tahzhahwanegawug, |
They shall or will love. |
| Sing. | 1. Negahzhahwaneganahbun, |
I shall have loved. |
2. Kegahzhahwaneganahbun, |
Thou wilt have loved. |
|
3. Tahzhahwanegabun, |
He will have loved. | |
| Plur. | 1. Negahzhahwanegaminahbun, |
We shall have loved. |
2. Kegahzhahwanegamwahbun, |
You will have loved. |
|
3. Tahzhahwanegabahneeg, |
They will have loved. |
| Sing. | 1. Nedahzhahwanega, | I may love. |
| 2. Kedahzhahwanega, | Thou mayest love. | |
| 3. Tahzhahwanega, | He may love. | |
| Plur. | 1. Nedahzhahwanegamin, |
We may love. |
2. Kedahzhahwanegaim, |
You may love. | |
3. Tahzhahwanegawug. |
They may love. |
| Sing. | 1. Nedahgezhahwanega, |
I might love. |
2. Kedahgezhahwanega, |
Thou mightest love. | |
| 3. Tahgezhahwanega, | He might love. | |
| Plur. | 1. Nedahgezhahwanegamin, |
We might love. |
2. Kedahgezhahwanegaim, |
You might love. | |
3. Tahgezhahwanegawug, |
They might love. |
| Sing. | 1. Nedahgewezhahwanega, |
I may have loved. |
2. Kedahgewezhahwanega, |
Thou mayst have loved. |
|
3. Tahgewezhahwanega, |
He may have loved. | |
| Plur. | 1. Nedahgewezhahwanegamin, |
We may have loved. |
2. Kedahgewezhahwanegaim, |
You may have loved. | |
3. Tahgewezhahwanegawug, |
They may have loved. |
| Sing. | 1. Nedahgewezhahwaneganahbun, |
I might have loved. |
2. Kedahgewezhahwaneganahbun, |
Thou mightest have loved. |
|
3. Tahgewezhahwanegabun, |
He might have loved. |
|
| Plur. | 1. Nedahgewezhahwanegaminahbun, |
We might have loved. |
2. Kedahgewezhahwanegamwahbun, |
You might have loved. |
|
3. Tahgewezhahwanegabahneeg, |
They might have loved. |
| Sing. | Kespin zhahwanegayaun, |
If I love. |
Kespin zhahwanegayun, |
If thou lovest. | |
Kespin zhahwahnegaid, |
If he loves. | |
| Plur. | Kespin zhahwanegayong, |
If we love. |
Kespin zhahwanegayaig, |
If you love. | |
Kespin zhahwanegawod, |
If they love. |
| Pres. | Chezhahwanegang, | To love. |
| Perf. | Chegezhahwanegang, | To have loved. |
| Fut. | Ahyegwahwezhahwanegang, | To be about to love. |
| Present, | Zhahwaneding, | Loving. |
| Perfect, | Zhahwanemind, | Loved. |
| Sing. | Nedahyah, | I am. |
| Kedahyah, | Thou art. | |
| Ahyah, | He is. | |
| Plur. | Nedahyahmin, | We are. |
| Kedahyaum, | Ye or you are. | |
| Ahyahwug, | They are. |
| Sing. | Nedahyahnahbun, | I was. |
| Kedahyahnahbun, | Thou wast. | |
| Ahyahbun, | He was. | |
| Plur. | Nedahyahmenahbun, | We were. |
| Kedahyahmwahbun, | You were. | |
| Ahyahbahneeg, | They were. |
| Sing. | Nedahgeweahyahnahbun, |
I had been. |
Kedahgeweahyahnahbun, |
Thou hadst been. | |
| Keweahyahbun, | He had been. | |
| Plur. | Nedahgeweahyahmin, | We had been. |
| Kedahgeweahyaum, | You had been. | |
| Keahyahbahneeg, | They had been. |
| Sing. | Negahahyah, | I shall be. |
| Kegahahyah, | Thou wilt be. | |
| Tahahyah, | He will be. | |
| Plur. | Negahahyahmin, | We shall be. |
| Kegahahyaum, | You will be. | |
| Tahahyahwug, | They will be. |
| Sing. | Negahgeahyahnahbun, | I shall have been. |
| Kegahgeahyahnahbun, | Thou wilt have been. |
|
| Tahgeahyahbun, | He will have been. | |
| Plur. | Negahgeahyahmenahbun, |
We shall have been. |
Kegahgeahyahmwahbun, |
You will have been. | |
| Tahgeahyahbahneeg, | They will have been. |
| Sing. | Tahgahnenegahahyah, | Let me be. |
| Ahyaun kegeahyahun, | Be thou or do thou be. |
|
| Tahgahweendahahyah, | Let him be. | |
| Plur. | Tahgahnenahwindnegahahyahmin, |
Let us be. |
| Ahyahyook, | Be ye or you or do you be. |
|
| Tahgahdahahyahwug, | Let them be. |
| Singular. | Koonemah-nedahgeahyah, |
I might be. |
Koonemah-kedahgeahyah, |
Thou mightest be. | |
Koonemah-tahgeahyah, |
He might be. | |
| Plural. | Koonemah-nedahgeahyahmin, |
We might be. |
Koonemah-kedahgeahyaum, |
You might be. | |
Koonemah-tahgeahyahwug, |
They might be. |
| Singular. | Koonemah-nedahgeahyahnahbun, |
I may have been. |
Koonemah-kedahgeahyahnahbun, |
Thou mayst have been. |
|
Koonemah-tahgeahyahbun, |
He may have been. | |
| Plural. | Koonemah nedahgeahyahminnahbun, |
We may have been. |
Koonemah kedahgeahyahmwahbun, |
You may have been. | |
Koonemah tahgeahyahbahneeg, |
They may have been. |
| Singular. | Koonemah nedahgeweahyahnahbun, |
I might have been. |
Koonemah kedahgeweahyahnahbun, |
Thou mightest have been. |
|
Koonemah tahgeweahyahbun, |
He might have been. | |
| Plural. | Koonemah nedahgeweahgahmenanbun, |
We might have been. |
Koonemah kedahgeweahyahmwahbun, |
You might have been. |
|
Koonemah tahgeweahyahbahneeg, |
They might have been. |
| Sing. | Kespin ahyahyaun, | If I be. |
| Kespin ahyahyun, | If thou be. | |
| Kespin ahyaud, | If he be. | |
| Plur. | Kespin ahyahyong, | If we be. |
| Kespin ahyahyaig, | If you be. | |
| Kespin ahyahwaud, | If they be. |
| Present. | Cheahyong, | To be. |
| Perfect. | Chegeahyong, | To have been. |
| Pres. | Ahyong, Being. | Perf. | Ahyod, Been. |
| Singular. | Nezhahwanemegoo, | I am loved. |
| Kezhahwanemegoo, | Thou art loved. | |
| Zhahwanemah, | He is loved. | |
| Plural. | Nezhahwanemegoomin, | We are loved. |
| Kezhahwanemegoom, | You are loved. | |
| Zhahwanemahwug, | They are loved. |
| Singular. | Nezhahwanemegoonahbun, |
I was loved. |
Kezhahwanemegoonahbun, |
Thou wast loved. | |
| Zhahwanemahbun, | He was loved. | |
| Plural. | Nezhahwanemegoomenahbun, |
We were loved. |
Kezhahwanemegoomwahbun, |
You were loved. | |
| Zhahwanemahbahneeg, | They were loved. |
| Singular. | Negezhahwanemegoonahbun, |
I had been loved. |
Kegezhahwanemegoonahbun, |
Thou hadst been loved. |
|
| Kezhahwanemahbun, | He had been loved. | |
| Plural. | Negezhahwanemegoomenahbun, |
We had been loved. |
Kegezhahwanemegoomwahbun, |
You had been loved. | |
Kezhahwanemahbahneeg, |
They had been loved. |
| Singular. | Negahzhahwanemegoo, | I shall be loved. |
| Kegahzhahwanemegoo, | Thou wilt be loved. | |
| Tazhahwanemah, | He will be loved. | |
| Plural. | Negahzhahwanemegoomin, |
We shall be loved. |
Kegahzhahwanemegoom, |
You will be loved. | |
| Tahzhahwanemahwug, | They will be loved. |
| Singular. | Negahgezhahwanemegoo, |
I shall have been loved. |
Kegahgezhahwanemegoo, |
Thou wilt have been loved. |
|
| Tahgezhahwanemah, | He will have been loved. |
|
| Plural. | Negahgezhahwanemegoomin, |
We shall have been loved. |
Kegahgezhahwanemegoom, |
You will have been loved. |
|
Tahgezhahwanemahwug, |
They will have been loved. |
| Singular. | |
|---|---|
Nedahkoonemahzhahwanemegoo, |
I may be loved. |
Kedahkoonemahzhahwanemegoo, |
Thou mayest be loved. |
Tahkoonemahzhahwanemah, |
He may be loved. |
| Plural. | |
Nedahkoonemahzhahwanemegoomin, |
We may be loved. |
Kedahkoonemahzhahwanemegoom, |
You may be loved. |
Tahkoonemahzhahwanemahwug, |
They may be loved. |
| Singular. | |
|---|---|
Nedahgekoonemahzhahwanemegoo, |
I might be loved. |
Kedahgekoonemahzhahwanemegoo, |
Thou mightest be loved. |
Tahgekoonemahzhahwanemah, |
He might be loved. |
| Plural. | |
Nedahgekoonemahzhahwanemegoomin, |
We might be loved. |
Kedahgekoonemahzhahwanemegoom, |
You might be loved. |
Tahgekoonemahzhahwanemahwug, |
They might be loved. |
| Singular. | |
|---|---|
Nedahgekoonemahkezhahwanemegoonahbun, |
I might have been loved. |
Kedahgekoonemahkezhahwanemegoonahbun, |
Thou mightest have been loved. |
Tahgekoonemahkezhahwanemahbun, |
He might have been loved. |
| Plural. | |
Nedahgekoonemahkezhahwanemegoomenahbun, |
We might have been loved. |
Kedahgekoonemahkezhahwanemegoomwahbun, |
You might have been loved. |
Tahgekoonemahkezhahwanemahbahneeg, |
They might have been loved. |
| Singular. | Kespin zhahwanemegooyaun, |
If I be loved. |
Kespin zhahwanemegooyun, |
If thou be loved. | |
Kespin zhahwanemind, |
If he be loved. | |
| Plural. | Kespin zhahwanemegooyong, |
If we be loved. |
Kespin zhahwanemegooyaig, |
If you be loved. | |
Kespin zhahwanemindwah, |
If they be loved. |
| Present. | Chezhahwanemegoong, | To be loved. |
| Perfect. | Chegezhahwanemegoong, | To have been loved. |
| Present. | Zhahwanemegoong, | Being loved. |
| Perfect. | Zhahwanemind, | Loved. |
A Participle is a word derived from a Verb, and has the nature of a verb and also of an adjective.
Verbs have two participles, the present and the perfect.
The present participle denotes action or being continued, but not finished. It generally ends in ing, eng, or g; as, Tebahkooneding, Ruling, &c.
The perfect participle denotes action or being, finished. This can also be distinguished by its ending in ed or d; as Pahpid, laughed; Shoshomequanid, smiled.
An Adverb is a word used to modify the sense of a verb, &c.; as, Kagate quahnoj eneneh, a truly good man.
1. Ingooding, once; neshing, twice; nesing, thrice.
2. Netum, first; Esquache, lastly.
3. Omah, here; ahnedeh, where; negoojee, somewhere; kahweenegoojee, nowhere; ishpeming nahkayah, upward; nesahye-ee nahkayah, downward; esquayong nahkayah, backward; negaun nahkayah, forward, &c.
4. Noogoom, now; chekezheguk, to-day; mawezhah, long ago; pejenahgooh, yesterday; noomahyah, lately; wahbung, to-morrow; bahmah, by and by; kahmahsheh, not yet; kahyahsekah, instantly; waweeb, immediately.
18 5. Pahgee, little; ahneenmenik, how much.
6. Koonemah, perhaps; mekahweh, perchance.
7. Kagate, verily; aahe, yes, &c.
8. Kah, no; kahweengahnahga, not at all.
9. Ahneen, how; ahneeshnah, why; ahnahpe, when.
10. Nahwuj, more; kagahkoo, most.
Prepositions serve to connect words with one another and to show the relation between them; as, Cazenove angkeojemahjahkezhodt York, he went from Cazenovia to York.
Pahzhejahye-ee, over; ahnahmahye-ee, under; shepahye-ee, through; ishpeming, above; nesahye-ee, below; keoonjee, from; peoonjee, from; ahwashema, beyond; chegahye-ee, near; negaun, before; Ishquayong, behind; wahsah, off; oogejahye-ee, on or upon; magwaahye-ee, among; ahzheh, after; ahpahgahjeahye-ee, against; ahgahmahye-ee, across; kewetahye-ee, around; nahwahye-ee, amidst; enahkayah, toward, &c.
A Conjunction is a word used to connect sentences, so as out of two to make one.
Conjunctions are of two sorts, the Copulative and the Disjunctive.
The following are some of the Conjunctions:
Cop. Kiya, and; Kespin, if; Owh, that; nahyanze, both; dushween, then; ahpe, since; mesah, therefore; ahnesh, wherefore.
Dis. Atah, but; ahzheh, as; dush, than; koone, though; mahmesahwahwah, unless; kespuge, except; pooch, yet.
An Interjection is a word used to express the sudden emotions of the speaker; as, Tahwah! pemahdezewin 19 nelojegootoge! Alas! I fear for life! O neboowin! Ahneshekewesahgandahmoowin? O death! Where is thy sting?
Earnestness or Grief; O! ah! tahwah, alas!
Joy; Yahhahne! yahhahne! &c.
Wonder; Mahmahkahdahkahmig, strange! hahe, hah!
Aversion; Saih! ahwas, away!
Attention; Nah, hark! Nahbin, behold!
Surprise or Fear; Ingee! Tauneyohne! yohe!
Laughter; Ha! ha! ha!
Requesting silence; Easta, hist! pezahnahbin, silence!
Calling; ahneene, halloo!
Salutation; Mequaich, welcome!
Kegahweendahmoonin kache dahkooahyod ahdesookaun, kecheoneshesheh dushweengooh.
Wahgoosh ingooding keezhahgoobun haberdashero dahdahwawegahmig. Emah metahskahkahmig ahyahtanegoobun kache gwahnahjewong mask, keoonje ozhechegahdagoobun ahwegah cheahyood mamahjenood ahpe herongh azhe obahkahmegezhejin. Ewh mask egewh mawezhah, meowh ahpe owh ahdesookaun tebaindahgowk, ahgwahnahung kahkenah ewh ostegwan dahgooh helmiting, kiya kahwekah mamahjenood ezheoobahkahmegezhese ayahsenenegoon. Mahmahdah wechegawenebun, owhdush ezhechegang kahweendush kedahwahbahdah zhenon ewh odangowh owh wabahkahmegezid, kiya koonemah anahnookewenegwain nahchebahpid or mahwid, ewh mask ahpun ewh nahsob azhenahgowk.
Owh wahgoosh kahgezheyaindum, wahjapezeh. Oge quakenon ewh mask menahwah kiya menahwah. Oge gahnahwahbahdaun emah ahgwahjeeye-ee, kiya gahnahwahbahdaun emah peenjahye-ee.
Ewh ahgwahjeeye-ee keche shooshoo ahyahgoobun 20 kiya kegezhechegahdagoobun! Ewh peenjahye-ee webahgoobun. Kagate onesheshin oostegwan ayaug omah, ekedoo owh wahgoosh; kagate mejenahwa yahdahkahmig kahwenaindib ahyahsenoog!
Nahnind quahnoj quewesansug ahyahwug kiya equasansug kemahzheh ekoogenedwah oowh enaindahmoowod kahween kagoo ohbahbah mahndahsenahwah, ewh atah oobeshegadahgoosewenewah, ahgoonwatahtesuwod kagoo chekekadahmoowod medush azhe quakeskahwod enahkahkayah wahwazheowening. Koonemah eneneh odah ahtood ewh onindj emah ostegwahning onowh pazhik kiya tahekedooh kahekedood owh wahgoosh kagate sahquahnoj owh oostegwan omah ayog kagate sah mejenah wayahdahkahmig ahyah senoog ewh wenaindib.
Eneneh tahezhah ishpeming, ahyahnzig menoo bemahdezewin, ahyahnzig kechetwahwezewin, ahyahnzig ogemahwewin, ahyahnzig kekenooahmahdewin, ahyahwahsig wejekewayun; kah dushween tahezhahsee ewhety ishpeming ahyahwahsig Christ.
A man may go to heaven without health, without wealth, without honor, without learning, without friends; but he can never go to heaven without Christ.
21It is difficult with us to speak the words themselves.—The words odoon, onik, okod, ozid, okun, do not mean respectively, mouth, arm, leg, foot, bone; but his mouth, his arm, his leg, his foot, his bone. By leaving out the letter o we have the words mouth, arm, &c. themselves: thus, doon, nik, kod, zid, kun. The former is the usual way of speaking, the latter is correct.
By the following illustration it will be better understood how words are formed:
| my | thy or your | his | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nindj, | a hand, | nenindj, | kenindj, | onindj, |
| Nik, | an arm, | nenik, | kenik, | onik, |
| Doon, | a mouth, | nedoon | kedoon, | odoon, |
| Bid, | a tooth, | nebid, | kebid, | owebid, |
| Daih, | a heart, | nedaih, | kedaih, | odaih, |
| Kown, | a liver, | nekown, | kekown, | okown, |
| Kun, | a bone, | nekun, | kekun, | okun, |
| Skunze, | a nail, | neskunze, | keskunze, | oskunze, |
| Kod, | a leg, | nekod, | kekod, | okod, |
| Bowm, | a thigh, | nebowm, | kebowm, | obowm, |
| Dis, | a navel, | nedis, | kedis, | odis, |
| Pun, | a light, | nepun, | kepun, | opun, |
| Zid, | a foot, | nezid, | kezid, | ozid, |
| Yos, | flesh, | neyos, | keyos, | oweyos, |
| Yowh, | a body, | neyowh, | keyowh, | oweyowh, |
| Oose, | father, | noose, | koose, | osun, |
| Gah, | mother, | negah, | kegah, | ogeen, |
| Siyahn, | brother, | nesiyahn, | kesiyahn, | osiyayun, |
| Shema, | sister, | neshema, | keshema, | oshemayun, |
| Tahwug, | an ear, | netahwug, | ketahwug, | otahwug. |
The order of entries is as in the original.
| A. | |
|
Aahe, adv. yes Ahbenoojhee, n. a child Ahbewin, n. a room Ahnind, adj. some Ahpe, adv. then, when Ahkeh, n. the earth Ahkeeng, in the earth Ahzheh, adv. after Ahneendeh, adv. where? Ahyahyun, v. art thou Ahweyah, n. a certain one Ahnung, sing., Ahnungoog, plu. n. a star Ahyah, v. he is, was Ahneen, adv. how? Ahwon, n. fog, dew, mist Ahsin, n. a stone Ahnewh, n. a bullet Ahnahquod, n. a cloud Ahnookewin, n. a work Ahnemeke, n. thunder Ahkoozewin, n. sickness Ahpahbewin, n. a saddle, or a thing to sit on Ahpwahgun, n. a pipe Ahnahpe, adv. when Ahgwahnahung, pt. covered Ahgwahjeeng, outdoors Ahpequashemoon, n. pillow Ahkookoobenahgun, Ahwahjewahnahgun, n. a basket, the latter signifies a vessel to carry or gather with Ahnahmeahwin, n. religion Aindahnahbid, v. sitteth Aindahyaun, n. my house or home Aiskum, adv. more Anwahchegaid, n. a prophet Amequahn, n. a spoon Atah, conj. but Ahsamah, n. tobacco Ahnahmahkahmig, Ahnahmahkeeng, under the earth or ground Ahgahming, n. other side Ahyahmook, v. receive it, or take it Ahshum, v. feed him, or give him something to eat Ahgahwahta, n. a shadow Ahwashema, prep. beyond Ahgwewin, n. a garment Ahgookayowh, n. a bait, or something to allure animals to a snare Ahgahjewin, n. bashfulness Ahquahnebesohn, n. rainbow 24Azhenekahdaig, Adahming, n. name of a thing or place. In asking a question we say what is the name of that thing or place? Ahgwahjeeye-ee, n. outside Anahnookewenegwain, business, or it was his business Anaindahmon, n. thy will Azheahyog, v. as it is Azhegooh, v. as we Azhemahmahjenoojin, part. played or acted Ahgoonwatahdezoowod, v. they refuse Ahyahsenenegoon, when there is none or no Ainind, pt. called Ahwas, adv. away Ahsub, n. a net |
Ahyog, is here Ahpugn, adv. always, usually, the same Ahmooh, n. a bee Ahmik, n. a beaver Ahnim, n. a mean fellow Ahnit, n. a spear Ahnebeesh, n. a leaf Ahnwabewin, n. a rest Ahnahmeawegahmig, n. a church, meeting-house, or praying-house Ahskekoomon, n. lead Ahskahtowhe, n. a skin or hide Asquach, adv. falsely, vain Ahdesookaun, n. story, fable Ahnwahtin, not boisterous Ahwebah, n. or adj. calm Ahkahkahzha, n. coal Ahyegagah, adv. soon, directly Ahnoodezeh, adv. greedy Ahnowh, prep. though Ahtoon, put it down Ahneenmenik, adv. how much Ahneendeh, adv. where Ahneendehnahkayah, adv. which way Ahnahmahye-ee, prep. under Ahpahgahjeahye-ee, prep. against Ahyahwug, v. there are Ahgahmahye-ee, prep. across Ahneeshnah, adv. why Ahdick, n. a rein-deer Ahjedahmoo, n. a red squirrel Ahsahnahgoo, n. a black squirrel Ahgwegoos, n. a chip-monk Ahkuckoojeesh, n. a ground-hog Ahdoomahkoomasheeh, n. a monkey, which signifies louse catcher or hunter Ahnemoosh, n. a dog Aasebun, n. a raccoon Aayabegoo, n. an ant Aayanee, n. opossum Ahzhahwahmaig, n. a salmon Ahshegun, n. rock-bass Ahgwahdahsheh, n. sun-fish Ahwahsesee, n. cat-fish Ahmahkahkee, n. a toad Ahgoonaqua, n. tree-toad Ahndaig, n. a raven Ahshahgeh, n. a crane Ahsegenak, n. a black-bird Ahjegahdashib, n. water-hen Ahsenesekab, n. gravel Ahkik, n. a kettle Ahbewh, n. a paddle 25Ahzod, n. poplar Ahneshenahbay, n. an Indian man Apahgeeshemoog, n. west Ahahwa, n. a species of duck Ahwahkaun, n. cattle Ahgahwosk, n. gypsum Ahshahwask, n. a sword Ahgwesemon, n. a pumpkin Ahgwejekinzhaegun, n. an and-iron Ahskebug, n. a green leaf Ahgahwahtaown, n. an umbrella Ahdahwaweneneh, n. a merchant Ahkahnok, n. a corn-cob Azheshahwask, n. a rifle Ahnejemin, n. pease Auskig, n. a seal Ahgookewahsegun, n. sealing-wax Ahpahgedoon, v. throw it |
| B. | |
|
Bakah, v. to stop Bahmah, adv. by and by Bazhig, adj. one Bahtay, n. smoke Bahgaun, n. a nut Bahbegwon, n. a bugle Bakahnuk, adj. the other Bahnahjetoon, v. destroy it Bahtahzewin, n. sin Bahgundahegawegahmig, n. a barn, or a house to thresh grain in |
Bewegahegun, n. a chip Bemahdezewin, n. life Beezhahyaun, v. if I come Bemoosain, v. to walk Bewahbik, n. iron Bedoon, v. bring it, or fetch it Benetoon, v. clean it Boodahwahgun, n. chimney, fire-place Bewuyh, n. fur |
| C. | |
|
Chegahye-ee, prep. near Cheahnwabing, v. to rest Cheshahdahegun, n. broom, sweeping instrument Chepahping, pt. laughing Chebwah, prep. before |
Chebuyh, n. a corpse, dead body Chemaun, n. a boat, a canoe Chemenewung, v. to yield fruit Chese, n. a turnip Chahchaum, v. to sneeze Cheahyong, v. to be |
| D. | |
|
Dush, conj. but Dushween, adv. then, there. |
Doombenon, v. to lift Doon, n. a mouth Dahdahwawegahnig, n. a store or shop Danguyh, n. the face |
| E. | |
|
Eneneh, n. a man Enenewug, n. men Equa, n. a woman Equawug, n. women 26Equasance, n. a girl, or little woman Emeh, adv. there (near,)—sometimes means, into, or in the Ewhety, adv. there (distant,) in that place Egewh, pro. them Enah! int. hark! see! Enewh, pro. these Ezhah, v. to go Ewh, a. the Eskooday, n. fire |
Esquache, adj. last Ezhahdah, v. let us go Esquahdaim, n. a door Enaindahmoowin, n. mind, thought, will Ekedoowin, n. a word Eebahdun, n. butter Enenahbik, n. a rock Enenahtig, n. a maple-tree Ezhechegaid, n. means or manner Ekedooh, v. to say, or he said Enahkayah, prep. towards Ewedehnahkayah, adv. that way Enaindahming, pt. thinking Equah, n. a louse. |
| H. | |
|
How, v. let us |
Hah! int. the same as Ha! in English. |
| I. | |
|
Ishpeming, n. heaven, or above Inggoojhee, adv. somewhere Ingoodwahsweh, adj. six Ishpemesahgoong, n. chamber Ingoodwak, adj. one hundred Inggooding, adv. once |
Inggwahekaun, n. the grave Innoozoowahgun, n. a name-sake Ingee! int. This word is used by children when they are afraid of something that is large Inggoodoogunze, n. a cluster of fruit. |
| K. | |
|
Keshamunedoo, n. Merciful Spirit or Being Kechemunedoo, n. God, or Great Good Spirit Kecheahjechaugk, n. Great Holy Spirit Kecheogemah, n. King, or great Chief Kedemahganemeshin, have mercy on me Kegekaindaun, v. thou knowest Kechegahmeh, n. a lake Kegezhaib, n. the morning Ketegahnans, n. a garden Kedahyah, v. thou art Kedahyaum, v. you are Ke-ne-nah? Is it you? Kahween, adv. no sir, no, no Kah, adv. no Keen, pro. you, or thou Koosay, n. sing. your father Koone, n. snow Kezis, n. the sun Kiya, conj. and Kegwis, n. your son 27Kegah, n. your mother Ketegaun, n. a field Kahkenah, adj. all, whole Koosenon, n. our father Koosewah, n. pl. your father Koosemah, v. may, might Kahgequawin, n. law Kahbabeboon, all winter Kahbanebin, all summer Kahgenig, adv. forever Kahwekah, adv. never Kagooshish, n. something Kebemoosay, v. he walked Kedaun, n. your daughter Kezheguk, n. day Kezhik, n. sky Kahweenegoojee, adv. nowhere Kegedoon, v. to speak, (in the imperative mood) Ke-ekedooh, v. he said Kedenin, I tell you Keskeezhik, n. your eye Kooskoozin, v. to awake Kespin, conj. if Kesenah, adj. cold Kagooh, shall not Keche, adj. great Kechauze, n. your nose Ketegaweneneh, n. a husbandman Keskejewahyaun, n. a waist-coat Kewadenoong, n. north Kekewaown, n. a flag Kagate, adv. truly, verily Koondun, v. swallow it Kahmahsheh, adv. not yet Kahskahdin, v. to congeal, to freeze Kagooween, you shall not, or thou shall not |
Kagebahdezid, n. a fool Kenebood, pt. died Kategang, v. to sow or plant Keskahkezhegang, v. to reap Kahgega, adj. eternal Kazhedin, adv. immediately Keahgoonwatum, v. he denied Ketezeh, Kekahe, adj. old Kegaung, n. a virgin Kegowh, n. a fish Keskemon, n. a whet-stone Keskeboojegun, n. a saw Kechepezoon, n. a girdle, a sash, a belt Kebeshang, adj. deaf Kepahgah, adj. thick Kebesquang, adj. hoarse Kesahgehenah? Do you love me? Kenahweskewin, n. falsehood Kashahweahyah, adj. loose Kondahegwahsowin, n. thimble, an instrument used to push with in sewing Kahyahtenewaid, n. a mid-wife Kahezhewabuk, it was so Kekenahwahjechegun, n. a sign or mark Kegedooweneneh, n. a speaker or lawyer Kahgahgewinze, n. hemlock Kahgahgeh, n. wind-pipe Kekindewin, n. a covenant Kezebegahegahnahboo, n. soap suds Kahskahkoonegun, n. corn-crib Kahskahegun, n. a scraper 28Koozhe, n. a beak Koonekahdin, n. frost, snow Kechemekun, n. a high-way Kagah, adv. mostly Kahweengagoo, n. nothing Kegahweendahmoon, I will tell you Kahgequaweneneh, n. an exhorter, or preacher Kegowhyekaweneneh, n. a fisherman Kekaindahmoowad, v. to learn, to know Kahgahnahga, do not Kemahzeh, adv. badly Kegezhechegahdagoobun, pt. completed Kahgezheyaindum, adj. sagacious Kagahgoo, adv. almost Kahyask, n. a gull Kahgahgehshee, n. a crow Kookoosh, n. a hog Kookookoo-ooh, n. an owl Kenoozha, n. a pike Kewetahye-ee, prep. around Kedahgahbezhew, n. a wild-cat Kaugk, n. a porcupine Kahgebahdezewin, n. foolishness Keskekechegun, n. a partition |
| M. | |
|
Mahnedoo, n. a spirit Mahjahn, v. march on Mahzhenahegun, n. a book, paper, &c. Mahjemunedoo, n. an evil spirit, or the devil Mahzhenenee, n. an image Mahskemoodance, n. satchel Mahkahday, n. powder, or black Megwon, n. a feather, quill Mekun, n. a road Mejim, n. food Mezhusk, n. hay, weed, grass Menesis, n. hair, of the head Mequom, n. ice Metig, n. a tree Mesheh, n. fire-wood Metigmahkuk, n. a trunk Meowh, only, the one to whose Minjemeneshin, v. hold me Metigmahkezin, n. shoe, or wooden shoe Me-ewhmenek, it is enough Mahdwayahbegahegun, n. a fiddle, or a sonorific instrument, whose strings are capable of vibrating Megezeh, n. an eagle Moozhuk, adv. often Mookoomon, n. a knife Moozwahgun, n. scissors Menookahmeh, n. spring, a season of the year Menahwahzeh, adj. cheerful Mequamdun, v. remember it Mezhenahwa, n. a disciple Mahkundwaweneneh, n. a robber Mahmahweh, adv. together Mezheshenom, v. give us Mesquagin, n. purple Mahkahdaeneneh, n. a black man Mahkahdaequa, n. a black woman 29Mawezhah, adv. anciently, long ago Metegwob, n. a bow Moskin, n. full Mahdwawa, n. a sound Menoodahchin, adv. enough Menekaun, n. seed Menequang, v. to drink Mahskoosen, n. a marsh, a bog, a fen Mamangwah, n. a butterfly Mahskeeg, n. a swamp Mahmahjenoowin, n. miracle Mahnahtaneseweneneh, n. a shepherd Mahskahwezewin, strength Mahjetong, v. to begin Mahkuk, n. a pail, or box Mahkahkoosug, n. a barrel Megahzooweneneh, n. a soldier, a man of war, or a fighting man Mahmahkahdezing, v. to boast Megoos, n. an awl Menis, n. an island Mahwewin, v. to cry Memenik, v. be quiet Mahskekeh, n. medicine |
Mahnedoosh, n. an insect, a worm Mahbah, this one Mesahkoodoonahgun, n. beard, the hair that grows on the lips and chin Mondahmin, n. corn Mechekahnok, n. a fence Metegoominzhe, n. an oak Mahskooda, n. plains, flats, or level ground Mahgeahyah, adj. big Mahgoobedoong, v. to squeeze Mayahgezid, n. a stranger Menahwah, adv. again, more and more Mamahjenoojin, v. he played Metahskahkahmig, n. the ground, or on the ground Menoomenik, adj. sufficient Mamahjenood, n. an actor Magwaahye-ee, prep. among Mahnahtanis, n. a sheep Meshebezhee, n. a lion Mahengun, n. a wolf Mesahbooze, n. a goat Mahquah, n. a bear Moaze, n. a moose Mahskoodaysay, n. a quail Mahnoomenekashee, n. a mud-hen Mezhesay, n. a turkey Mesahmaig, n. a whale Mahzhahmagoos, n. trout Mahnoomin, n. rice Mezheh, adv. everywhere Magwah, adv. while Manmooyahwahgaindahmoowin, n. thankfulness Meshejemin, n. a currant, (fruit) Mahzahn, n. a thistle Mahjegooday, n. a petticoat Menekahnekah, adv. seedy Mejenahwayahdahkahmig, n. pity Mahmahdahwechegawenebun, it was a strange custom Menesenoo, n. a hero Mesquahsin, n. brick, which signifies, red stone Mesahowh, that is 30Moosay, n. a worm Moong, n. a loon Meene, n. a kind of fruit Mahjekewis, adj. the eldest Meskoodesemin, n. a bean Mategwahkezinekaid, n. a shoe-maker Menahwenahgowd, v. look pleasant Meneweyook, v. be fruitful Megeskun, n. a hook Mezesok, n. a horse-fly Mahwahdooskahegun, n. a rake Mookoojegun, n. a plane, or drawing-knife Mahskemood, n. a bag Moonegwana, n. a meadow-lark Meshawa, n. an elk Mahskekeweneneh, n. a physician. |
| N. | |
|
Nebahgun, n. a bed, a place to sleep on Newewesin, I want to eat Nonggon, adj. light Nee, Ne, pro. I, me, my Negah, n. my mother Neezhe, adj. two Nesweh, adj. three Newin, adj. four Nahnun, adj. five Newob, v. I see Noongoom, adv. now Nahgudge, adv. little while Nedaih, n. my heart Nekod, n. my leg Noodin, n. wind Nahdin, v. go and fetch it Nezid, n. my foot Nagowh, n. sand Noodosh, adj. least Neenatah, but me, only me Nezhekaih, adj. alone Netum, adj. first Negaun, prep. before Nahpahna, n. flour Nahsahkoonun, open it Nebahkahda, I am hungry Nahbahgesug, n. a board Nahgahmoowin, n. a hymn, or a song Nahme-eding, pt. meeting Nahongahnik, n. a maid Nahwahye-ee, n. diameter Nejekewa, n. a comrade Nejee, n. a friend Nanahdahwe-ewaid, n. a saviour Nahbequon, n. a vessel, a ship Nahbequahneshee, n. a sailor, or a man that sails or attends ships |
Nebewah, n. many Nahboob, n. soup Neweahyahwah, I want him Nasawin, n. breath Nedezedaahe, v. I dare Nahzequaegun, n. a curry-comb Nekebee, covered with water, or overflowed Nayob, back again Nahgowh, n. a sleeve Nedenaindum, v. I think Nahwahquay, n. the middle of the day, noon Neskahdezewin, n. anger 31Nasagwahbedaoonance, n. a pin, which signifies to prick with Negekaindaun, v. I know Nebwahkahwin, n. wisdom Newahwezhandum, v. I am glad Nahmahdahbin, v. sit thou Nahmahdahbing, v. to sit Noodahgoozing, pt. roaring Nedekedoowin, my word Negetim, I am lazy Nezheka, adv. apart Nesahye-ee, adv. down Negaunnahkayah, adv. forward Nesahye-ee, prep. below Nahwahye-ee, prep. amidst Nahmaih, n. a sturgeon Nahmabin, n. mullet Nekah, n. a wild goose Nahkayah, n. a way Nebeh, n. water Nebeeng, In the water |
| O. | |
|
Ogemah, n. a chief Oojechog, n. a soul Oondaus, v. to come Omah, adv. here Owh, a. the Oowh, pro. this Oogooh, pro. those, their Oogemekaun, he found it Oogeoozhetoon, he made it Oodahpenun, take it Oonekig, n. a parent Oopegagun, n. a rib Opequoj, n. an air-bladder Oonzegun, n. a boiler, or a kettle Oodanggowh, n. his face,— Oochauze, n. his nose Oodoon, n. his mouth Onowh, n. his cheek Ostegawn, n. his head Oskezhizk, n. his eye Omahmowh, n. eyebrow Odanegoom, n. nostril Odaih, n. heart Onik, n. arm Otahwug, n. ear Okod, n. leg Ozid, n. foot Onoogun, n. hip Onindj, n. hand Ojetud, n. tendon Oquagun, n. neck Opequon, n. back Obowm, n. thigh Okahkegun, n. breast Ozhebeenguyh, n. tear Omesud, n. paunch Odoosquahyob, n. vein Okun, n. bone |
Odaewaun, n. their heart Oskunze, n. nail of the finger and the hoof of a horse, or all kinds of hoofs Odaun, n. daughter Ootanowh, n. town, city, village, however we say kecheotanowh for great town or city, by adding nance, it means small town or village Odataig, n. gills of a fish Onejegun, n. fin of a fish Ozhegown, n. tail of a fish 32Okodahkik, n. a pot, a kettle that has legs, or a leg-kettle Oozaum, adv. too much Oogee, pro. he Opin, n. a potatoe Obewuyh, n. fur Omemee, n. a pigeon Onegwegun, n. a wing Oskenahway, n. a youth, a young man Odahbaun, n. a sled Ongwahmezin, be ye faithful Oogaah, n. pickerel Ogejebeeg, surface of the water Ozhahwahnoong, n. south Okayahwis, n. herring Oojeeg, n. a fisher Ogah, n. mother Oose, n. father Opecheh, n. a robin Onesheshid, a clever one Ookoozhe, n. a beak Oskezegookahjegun, n. spectacle Onahgooshig, n. the evening Okahquon, n. shin Ogeeozheaun, he made them Ogeeozhetoon, he made it Oskunzhekahjegun, n. a horse-shoe Oombahquahegun, n. a lever |
| P. | |
|
Pabahmahjemood, n. a messenger Poonahkunjegun, n. anchor Pookedoonze, n. a pear Pahdahkemoojeskahjegun, n. a spur Pewakoodahmahgun, n. shavings Pahketaegun, n. a hammer Pemenegun, n. a gimlet, an auger Penahquahn, n. a comb Pezhekeence, n. a calf Pesahkahmegeboojegun, n. a harrow Pequahegun, n. a hill Pabahbahgahne, n. a pancake Pazhegwahnoong, one place Panggwon, adj. dry Pahquonge, n. a stump Pahgasaun, n. a plum Pahpenadumoowin, n. happiness Pahquazhegun, n. bread Pahskezegun, n. a gun Pahquazhegunush, n. wheat Pahnezid, adj. holy Pazhegoogahzhee, n. a horse or an animal not cloven-footed Pashebeegun, n. a rule Peshegaindahgoozewin, n. glory Pepoon, n. winter Pezahneewawin, n. peace Pahzegween, v. to arise Penasewug, n. fowls Pewahbum, v. come and see him Pewahbundun, v. come and see it Pajeewe, adj. weak Pesahgeskebik, n. darkness Pesekun, put it on Peenzekahwahgun, n. a coat or loose garment |
33
Pahwahbekezegun, n. a stove or an iron box that is capable of being warmed through Pahzhejeahje-ee, prep. over Peendahgun, n. a pocket or pouch Peendig, n. inside Paquahkoostegowng, block-headed Pequahquod, n. a ball or knot Poodahwain, make fire Poodahjegun, n. a musical or blowing instrument Pookedaemin, n. a mandrake Pahmetahgun, n. a servant Pahbegwah, adj. rough Pahquahskezhegun, n. a scythe Papahmebahegood, n. a rider, a name for a dragoon Pamahdezid, the living Pahsquagin, n. leather Pahbahgewahyaun, n. a shirt, calico Pengwahshahgid, adj. naked Pezindun, v. to hear, to listen Pinggweh, n. ashes Pungee, adj. little, not enough Peendegaye-ee, prep. within Pegwih, n. gum, wax Pemeday, n. oil, grease Pequok, n. an arrow Pooch, v. must Pahkahahquay, n. a cock,—this bird has derived its name from its crowing; so nearly all birds Pahpahsay, n. a wood-pecker; this, from its pecking Penaih, n. a partridge Pahkaunnahkayah, adv. another way |
| Q. | |
|
Quatahmegwaindahgoozid, n. the Almighty Quewesance, n. a boy Quahnoj, adj. good Quakenun, turn it over Quesqueshin, n. a whistle |
Quahbahegun, n. a shovel Quahnahjewun, adj. handsome Quaich, adj. tenth Quiyuk, adv. straight, right Quaichegooh, just as |
| S. | |
|
Shahgooda-a, n. a coward Shahwanemeshin, bless me Shewetahgun, n. salt Shahwemin, n. a grape Shemahgun, n. a shield Shooneyah, n. silver, money Shenganedewin, n. hatred Sahnahgud, adj. difficult Sahkahown, n. a cane Sanahbanh, n. silk, or ribin Sasahbob, n. a rope, thread Shongahswak, adj. nine hundred Shewahbik, n. alum, or iron of an acid taste Shewon, adj. sour Shonggahsweh, adj. nine Sebeeh, n. a river Sebeeng, in the river |
Shegah, n. a widow Shinggwok, n. a pine tree Shahgahnosh, a white man 34Shinggoos, n. a weasel Shonggwasheh, n. a mink Shepahye-ee, prep. through Shegog, n. a skunk Shesheeb, n. a duck Sahgahquahegun, n. a nail Shegwanahbik, n. a grind-stone Shegwanahwis, n. fish-worm Shesheeb-ahkik, n. a tea-kettle; (see shesheeb and ahkik,) Sahgedoonabejegun, n. a bridle Sahgahegun, n. a screw Shegahgahwinze, n. an onion Shahboonegaunce, n. a needle, it signifies to pull or push through |
| T. | |
|
Tahnahgwud, v. appear Tedebawe, n. the shore Tebahegezeswon, n. a watch or clock Tabanegaid, n. Lord Tabahkoonewaid, n. a judge or ruler Tebahkoonegawin, n. judgment Tabwayaindahmoowin, n. a creed Takoonewaid, n. a constable Tabwawin, n. truth Tahbeskooch, v. to equal Tahweahyah, n. space |
Tabwatun, v. believe thou Tebahegun, n. a measure; by adding ce, we have, cup Toodooshahboo, n. milk Tawaegun, n. a drum; (see mahdwayahbegahegun,) Tegowh, n. a wave Tebik, n. night Tahgah, v. to let Tahwah, int. alas! |
| U. | |
|
Undoom, call him |
Umba, come and let us go |
| W. | |
|
Wah, pro. what Wahwon, n. an egg Weyos, n. flesh, meat Webid, n. a tooth Ween, pro. him Wewon, his wife Waquain, pro. whoever Wewahquon, n. a hat Wahbegun, n. clay Wahsayah, n. light Wagoonan, what is it? Wekah, long before Wahbemin, n. an apple Weendun, tell it Wanain, who is it? Weyowh, n. a body Wahjewh, n. a mountain or hill Wahowh, pro. this Wenegun, n. marrow Wenesis, n. hair Wanankeen, who art thou? Wesabgun, adj. bitter Wagoosing, n. the son Wahbeda, v. to ripen Wenin, n. fat Wahnekaun, n. a ditch Wahbezewin, n. paleness Weenzhoob, n. gall 35Wenud, adj. dirty Wahwahbegoonojhee, n. a mouse Wahsahkoonajegun, n. a candle, or a thing that produces light Wahsachegun, n. a window Wahbahnahnug, n. the morning-star Wahsahmoowin, n. lightning Wesenewagun, n. a table, or something to eat on Wegewaum, n. a house |
Wetookahweshin, help me Wetoopahmeshin, eat with me Wanepuzhe, adv. freely Wahyaskud, in the beginning Weendahmahweshin, tell me Wahgedahkahmig, on land Wawaneh, thank you Wahsahgung, n. pepper, or a bitter substance Wahskoobung, adj. sweet Wekahnesun, his brother Wahwazhetaun, v. prepare thou Wahnahgak, n. bark Wahbemoojechaugown, n. a looking-glass; something used to see the image in Weendegooh, n. a giant Weyahgahsahne, n. dust Wedookoodahdedah, let us help each other Wequajeoong, v. to struggle Wenaindib, n. brains Wahbezhasheh, n. a martin Wahwahskasheh, n. a deer Wahwahtaseh, n. a lightning-bug Wahwahyayah, adj. round Wahgoosh, n. a fox Wahnesquazewin, n. carelessness Wahgahquod, n. an axe Wahbahbik, n. tin Wahbejeskezhegwa, adj. wall-eyed Wob, v. to see Wahzeswon, n. a nest Wahbooyon, n. a blanket Wahnechega, v. to misdo Wahnewenon, v. to mislead Wahbemenahboo, n. cider Wesahgok, n. ash Wegwos, n. birch tree, and its bark Wegoobeminze, n. bass-wood Wak, n. spawn |
| Z. | |
|
Zhahwanedewin, n. love Zahzahgewejegun, n. an offering Zagezewin, v. to fear |
Zegahundahgawin, n. baptism Zhahgemaih, n. a musketoe Zheezebahquod, n. sugar. |
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