The Project Gutenberg EBook of Tintinnalogia, or, the Art of Ringing, by Richard Duckworth and Fabian Stedman This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Tintinnalogia, or, the Art of Ringing Wherein is laid down plain and easie Rules for Ringing all sorts of Plain Changes Author: Richard Duckworth and Fabian Stedman Release Date: June 12, 2006 [EBook #18567] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TINTINNALOGIA, OR, THE ART *** Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Daniel Emerson Griffith and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net TINTINNALOGIA: OR, THE ART OF RINGING. Wherein Is laid down plain and easie Rules for Ringing all sorts of _Plain Changes_. Together with Directions for Pricking and Ringing all _Cross Peals_; with a full Discovery of the Mystery and Grounds of each Peal. _As Also_ Instructions for _Hanging of Bells_, with all things belonging thereunto. _by a Lover of that ART._ A. Persii Sat. V. Disce: sed ira cadat naso, rugosaque sanna, LONDON, Printed for _F.S._ and are to be Sold by _Tho. Archer_, at his Shop under the _Dyal_ of St. _Dunstan's Church_ in _Fleet-street_, 1671. TO THE NOBLE SOCIETY OF COLLEDGE-YOUTHS. GENTLEMEN, I have seen a Treatise intituled, _de Tintinnabulis_--that is, of little Bells, the Language Latin, but pen'd by a _Dutchman_, being a Discourse of striking tunes on little Bells with traps under the feet, with several Books on several Instruments of Music, and Tunes prick't for the same; Then considering that the Well-wishers to either of them, took great pains to make plain the use of them, I thought it worth a Dayes labour, to write something on this Art or Science, that the Rules thereof might not be lost and obscured to some, as the _Chronicles_ before _William_ the Conqueror, being given only by Tradition from Father to Son. Wherefore I humbly intreat you favourably to accept this small Treatise, as a foundation whereon may be raised a famous Structure; and if any one objects a fault, excuse it with the Ringing term--He was Over-bell'd--So you will much oblige him that is a Well-wisher to your Recreation, CAMPANISTA. On the Ingenious Art of RINGING. What Musick is there that compar'd may be To well-tun'd Bells enchanting melody! Breaking with their sweet sound the willing Air, And in the listning ear the Soul ensnare; The ravisht Air such pleasure loth to lose, With thousand Echoes still prolongs each close; And gliding streams which in the Vallies trills, Assists its speed unto the neighbouring Hills; Where in the rocks & caves, with hollow gounds, The warbling lightsome Element rebounds. This for the Musick: In the Action's Health, And every Bell is a _Wit's_ Common-wealth For here by them we plainly may discern, How that Civility we are to learn. The Treble to the Tenor doth give place, And goes before him for the better grace: But when they chance to change, 'tis as a dance, They foot _A Galliard, à la mode de France_. An Eighteenscore's a figure dance, but _Grandsire_ Hath the Jig-steps! & Tendrings Peal doth answer The manner of _Corants_: A plain Six-score, Is like a _Saraband_, the motion slower. When Bells Ring round, and in their Order be, They do denote how Neighbours should agree; But if they Clam, the harsh sound spoils the sport, And 'tis like Women keeping _Dover_ Court For when all talk, there's none can lend an ear The others story, and her own to hear; But pull and hall, straining for to sputter What they can hardly afford time to utter. Like as a valiant Captain in the Field, By his Conduct, doth make the Foe to yield; Ev'n so, the leading Bell keeping true time, The rest do follow, none commits a Crime: But if one Souldier runs, perhaps a Troop Seeing him gone, their hearts begin to droop; Ev'n so the fault of one Bell spoils a Ring, (And now my _Pegasus_ has taken Wing.) Upon the Presentation of GRANDSIRE BOB To the COLLEDGE-YOUTHS, By the AUTHOR of that PEAL. Gentlemen of the Noble Crew Of _Colledge-Youths_, there lately blew A wind, which to my Noddle flew (upon a day when as it Snew;) Which to my Brains the Vapors drew And there began to work and brew, 'Till in my _Pericranium_ grew _Conundrums_, how some Peal that's New Might be compos'd? and to pursue These thoughts (which did so whet and hew My flat Invention) and to shew What might be done, I strait withdrew Myself to ponder--whence did accrue This _Grandsire Bob_, which unto you I Dedicate, as being due Most properly; for there's but few Besides, so ready at their Q---- (Especially at the first View) To apprehend a thing that's New; Though they'l pretend, and make a shew, As if the intricat'st they knew; What _Bob_ doth mean, and _Grandsire True_, And read the course without a Clue Of this new Peal: Yet though they screw Their shallow Brains, they'l ne're unglue The Method on't (and I'm a Jew) If I don't think this to be true, They see no more on't than blind _Hugh_. Well, let their tongues run _Titere tu_, Drink muddy Ale, or else _French Lieve_, Whil'st we our Sport and Art renew, And drink good Sack till Sky looks blew, So _Grandsire_ bids you All adieu. R.R. THE ART OF RINGING. Of the Beginning of _Changes_. It is an ancient _Proverb_ with us in _England_ (That _Rome_ was not built in a day) by which expression is declared, That difficult things are not immediately done, or in a short time accomplished: But for the _Art of Ringing_, it is admirable to conceive in how short a time it hath increased, that the very depth of its intricacy is found out; for within these Fifty or Sixty years last past, _Changes_ were not known, or thought possible to be _Rang_: Then were invented the _Sixes_, being the very ground of a _Six score_: Then the _Twenty_, and _Twenty-four_, with several other _Changes_. But _Cambridge Forty-eight_, for many years, was the greatest _Peal_ that was _Rang_ or invented; but now, neither _Forty-eight_, nor a _Hundred_, nor _Seven-hundred and twenty_, nor any Number can confine us; for we can _Ring Changes_, _Ad infinitum_. Although _Philosophers_ say, _No Number is infinite, because it can be numbred_; for _infinite_ is a quantity that cannot be taken or assigned, but there is (_infinitum quoad hos_) as they term it, that is _infinite_ in respect of our apprehension: Therefore a _Ringers_ knowledge may seem _infinite_ to dive so _infinitely_ into such an _infinite_ Subject; but least my Discourse should be _infinite_, I will conclude it, and proceed to the _Peals_ following. Before I Treat of the method and diversity of _Peals_, I think it not impertinent to speak something of the _Properties_ wherewith a _Young Ringer_ ought to be qualified, and then proceed to the _Peals_. _First_ then, before he is entred into a _Company_, it is presupposed, that he is able to _Set a Bell Fore-stroke and Back-stroke_, as the terms are: Next, that he know how to _Ring Round_, or _Under-sally_: Then, that he may be complete, it is convenient, that he understand the _Tuning of Bells_; for what is a _Musician_, unless he can _Tune_ his _Instrument_, although he plays never so well? To do which, let him learn on some _Instrument_, or _Wyer-Bells_, to know a _Third_, _Fifth_, and _Eighth_, which are the principal _Concords_: Or otherwise, let him get a _Pipe_ called a _Pitch-pipe_, which may be made by any _Organ-maker_, to contain _eight Notes_, or more, (according to his pleasure) with their _Flatts_ and _Sharps_, which will be very useful in the _Tuning of Bells_. And then this is a general Rule, begin at the _Tenor_, or _biggest Bell_, and count 3 _whole Notes_, then a _half Note_, or _Sharp_, 3 _whole Notes_, then a _half Note_, or _Sharp_; and so on, until you come to the _least Bell_ or _Treble_. For example on _four Bells_, 1:234, here the 432 are _whole_ _Notes_, and the _half Note_ or _Sharp_ is between 1 and 2. On _Five Bells_, 12:345 the 543 are _whole Notes_; and the _half Note_ or _Sharp_ is between 2 and 3. On _Six_, 123:456 the _half Note_ or _Sharp_ is between 3 and 4. On _Eight Bells_, 1:2345:678, one _half Note_ or _Sharp_ is between 5 and 6, and the other between 1 and 2. On _Ten_, 123:4567:8910; here one _half Note_ is between 7 and 8, and the next between 3 and 4. On _Twelve Bells_, 12:345:6789:10 11 12. Here one _half Note_ or _Sharp_ is between 9 and 10, the next between 5 and 6, and the other between 2 and 3, which last is made contrary to the former Rule, it being but _two whole Notes_ from the next _half Note_ to it; the reason is this, the _Ninth_ is one _whole Note_ below the _Eighth_, therefore the 2 must be a _whole Note_ below the _Treble_, otherwise they would not be a true _Eighth_, therefore the _half Note_ is put between 2 and 3. Now he that hath these Rules, and a good ear to judge of the _Concords_, may at any time cast his Verdict (as to Bells, whether they are well in _Tune_ or not) amongst the chief of the _Company_. Of the _Changes_. A _Change_ is made between _two Bells_ that strikes next to each other, by removing into each others places, as in these _two Figures_ 1, 2. make a _Change_ between them, and they will stand 2, 1. which is called a _Change_; make another _Change_ between them, and they will stand in their right places, as at first, 1, 2. These _two Changes_ are all that can be made on _two Bells_. The _Changes_ on three Bells. On _three Bells_ there are _six several Changes_ to be made; in _Ringing_ of which, there is _one Bell_ to be observed, which is called the _Hunt_, and the other two are _Extream Bells_ (but they cannot properly be so called, because every _Bell_ _hunts_ in the _six Changes_; yet because 'tis commonly _Rang_ by observing a _Hunt_ and _two Extream Bells_, I will therefore proceed in that course.) The name of _Hunt_ is properly given to it, because of its continual motion up and down amongst the other _Bells_, which motion is called _Hunting_, and the other _two_ are called _Extream Bells_, because when the _Hunt_ is either before or behind them, that is at the _Extream_, or utmost place, there is a _Change_ then to be made between them, called an _Extream Change_. There are two several wayes to _Ring_ the _six Changes_. One whereof is to make the _Treble_ the _Hunt_, and the other way is to make the _Tenor_ the _Hunt_. I will give an Example in _hunting_ the _Treble_, the _Bells_ are supposed to stand thus.-- 123 Now the _Treble_ must be _hunted_ up over the _Second_ and _Third_, which is to be done, by making a _Change_ between the _Treble_, and each of those two Bells in order; therefore first I remove the _Treble_ up over the _Second_, into the _seconds_ place, by making a _Change_ between the _Treble_ and _Second_, thus.-- 213 The _Treble_ being removed up over the _Second_, it must next be removed up over the _Third_, as in this _Change_.-- 231 Alwayes observe, that when the _Hunt_ moves from the foremost _Bell_ toward the hindmost, then it _hunts_ up, as in the _Changes_ next before; but when it moves or _hunts_ from the hindmost Bell, toward the Bell that leads, then it _hunts_ down, as appears by the _Changes_ following. The _Treble_ being _hunted_ up behind the _Extream_ Bells, an _Extream Change_ is next to be made between them.-- 321 Here you may observe, that if the _Hunt_ had been _hunted_ down without an _Extream Change_ first made, those _Changes_ in _hunting_ it down, would have been the same with those that were made in _hunting_ it up. The _Extream Change_ being made, the _Treble_ must be _hunted_ down again before the Bells thus.-- 312 132 The _Treble_ being now _hunted_ down, the next is to be an _Extream Change_.-- 123 which is the last _Change_ of the _six_. The other way to _Ring_ the _six Changes_, is, to make the _Tenor_ the _Hunt_, which being behind already, it must first be _hunted_ down, as in these _Changes_.-- 123 132 312 The _Third_, which is the _Hunt_, being _hunted_ down before the Bells, the _Extream Change_ must next be made between the 2, and 1. Which are the _Extream Bells_, thus.-- 321 The _Extream Change_ being made, the _Third_ must be _hunted_ up again.-- 231 213 The _Third_ being _hunted_ up, another _Extream_ must be made, which brings the Bells round in their right places.-- 123 The _Plain Changes_ on four Bells. On four Bells, there are _Twenty four several Changes_, in _Ringing_ of which, there is one Bell called the _Hunt_, and the other three are _Extream_ Bells; the _Hunt_ moves, and _hunts_ up and down continually, and lies but once in one place, except only when it comes before or behind the Bells, at which time it lies there twice together; it has the same course here, as in the _six Changes_ before set down; two of the _Extream_ Bells makes a _Change_ every time the _Hunt_ comes before or behind them. An Example I will here give, making the _Treble_ the _Hunt_, and the _Extream Changes_ I make between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from the _Hunt_. I set down the _four Figures_, representing the _four Bells_, thus.-- 1234 The _Treble_ must now be _hunted_ up behind the Bells, where it is to lie twice together, and then to _hunt_ down before them, where it must lie twice, and then _hunt_ up again as before. The _Hunt_ is alwayes one of the two Bells which makes every _Change_, except only when it comes before or behind the Bells, and it moves only over one Bell at a time; 'tis to be _hunted_ up after this manner.-- 2134 2314 2341 The _Treble_ being _hunted_ up behind the Bells, as appears by the last _Changes_, the next is to be an _Extream Change_ between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from the _Hunt_, which are the _Second_ and _Third_, thus.-- 3241 The _Extream_ being made, the _Treble_ must be _hunted_ down again, as in these _Changes_.-- 3214 3124 1324 The Treble being hunted down, there is another Extream Change to be made between the two farthest Bells from it, which are the Second and Fourth.-- 1342 The Extream being made, the Treble must be hunted as before, and so to the end of the Peal, making an Extream Change every time the Hunt comes before and behind the Bells.-- 3142 3412 3421 4321 4312 4132 1432 1423 4123 4213 4231 2431 2413 2143 1243 1234 The Twenty-four Changes are to be Rang another way, in hunting up the Treble, which is, by making every Extream Change between the two nearest Bells to the Hunt, as in these Changes, first I hunt the Treble up.-- 1234 2134 2314 2341 The Treble being hunted up, the Extream Change is to be made between the 3 and 4, which are the two nearest Bells to it, as in this Change, 2431 and so to the end of the Peal, making every Extream between the two nearest Bells to the Hunt all the way. These two wayes in _Ringing_ the _Twenty-four_, differs only in making the _Extream Changes_, one whereof is to make them between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from the _Hunt_, and the other to make them between the two nearest Bells to it. The _Twenty-four Changes_ are to be _Rang_ two wayes more in _hunting_ down the _Treble_; one way, is to make the _Extreams_ between the two farthest Bells from the _Hunt_; and the other, is to make them between the two nearest, as before. A short Example I will set down, the Bells stand thus.-- 1234 The _Treble_ should now be _hunted_ down, but it being already before the Bells, insomuch that it can be removed no lower; therefore the first must be an _Extream Change_, either between the two nearest, or two farthest Bells from the _Hunt_ at pleasure; the _Extream_ being made, the _Treble_ is to _hunt_ up, and so to the end of the _Peal_, in the same course as before. 1243 2143 2413 2431 4231 4213 4123 1423 1432 4132 4312 4321 3421 3412 3142 In _hunting_ the _Second_, _Third_, or _Fourth_, there is to be observed the same course, as in _hunting_ the _Treble_: A short Example I will set down, in _hunting_ the _Third_ up, and making the _Extream Changes_ between the two farthest _Bells_ from it.-- 1234 1243 2143 2134 2314 3214 _First_, I _hunt_ up the _third_ over the _fourth_; the _Hunt_ being up, I make an _extream_ between the _treble_ and _second_, and then _hunt_ down the _third_ again, as in these _changes_, which course is to be observed to the end of the _Peal_. I have insisted the longer upon the directions to the _Twenty-four changes_, because it is the ground and method in _Ringing_ all _plain changes_; and by understanding this aright, the Learner will more easily apprehend the course of all _plain_ and _single changes_ whatsoever. The _Twenty-four plain changes_ are to be _Rang_ sixteen several wayes; in _hunting_ one Bell, it is to be _Rang_ four ways; that is, two wayes in _hunting_ it up, and the other two wayes in _hunting_ it down, (as appears in my directions before in _hunting_ the _treble_:) so that in _hunting_ the 4 Bells, 'tis to be _Rang_ 4 times 4 wayes, which makes 16, some of which I have here set down. Treble Hunt up, Extream between the 2 farthest Bells from it. 1234 2134 2314 2341 3241 3214 3124 1324 1342 3142 3412 3421 4321 4312 4132 1432 1423 4123 4213 4231 2431 2413 2143 1243 1234 Second up, extream between the 2 nearest to it. 1234 1324 1342 1432 1423 1243 2143 2413 4213 4123 4132 4312 4321 4231 2431 2341 3241 3421 3412 3142 3124 3214 2314 2134 1234 Fourth down, Extream between the two farthest Bells from it. 1234 1243 1423 4123 4132 1432 1342 1324 3124 3142 3412 4312 4321 3421 3241 3214 2314 2341 2431 4231 4213 2413 2143 2134 1234 Some persons do observe to _Ring_ the _Twenty-four changes_ with a _whole Hunt_, and _half Hunt_; but that is an imperfect course; for there cannot be one _half hunt_ only, but there will unavoidably be three _half Hunts_ in one and the same _Twenty-four_; therefore I have set down the other way to _ring_ it, by observing a _hunt_, and _three extream_ Bells, which course is much more easie and true. In the _Twenty-four Changes_ are contained the _six Changes_; the _three Extream Bells_ in the _Twenty-four_ makes the _six Changes_ in course, every _extream change_ being one of the _six_, and the _Hunt_ hunting through each of the _six Changes_, makes _Twenty-four_: For Example, take the _three Extream_ Bells in the first _Twenty-four_ set down before, which are 234, and set down the _six Changes_ on them, thus.-- 234 324 342 432 423 243 234 Now take the first _Change_, which is 234, set the _Treble_ before it, and _hunt_ it through, thus.-- 1234 2134 2314 2341 The _Treble_ being _hunted_ up behinde, take the next _Change_ of the _six_, which is 324, set it directly under the _First_, and _hunt_ the _Treble_ down through it, thus.-- 3241 3214 3124 1324 And so take each of the other _six Changes_, and _hunt_ the _Treble_ through them, it will make _Twenty-four_. I will here insert two or three old _Peals_ on five Bells, which (though rejected in these dayes, yet) in former times were much in use, which for _Antiquity sake_, I here set down. And first, The _Twenty_ all over. The course is this--every Bell _hunts_ in order once through the Bells, until it comes behind them; and first the _Treble_ _hunts_ up, next the _Second_, and then the 3, 4 and 5, which brings the Bells round in their right places again, at the end of the _Twenty Changes_, as in this following _Peal_.-- 12345 21345 23145 23415 23451 32451 34251 34521 34512 43512 45312 45132 45123 54123 51423 51243 51234 15234 12534 12354 12345 This Peal is to be Rang, by hunting the Bells down, beginning with the Tenor, next the fourth, and so the third, second, and treble, which will bring the Bells round in course as before. An Eight and Forty. In this _Peal_, the _Fifth_ and _Fourth_ are both _whole Hunts_, each of which does _hunt_ down before the Bells by turns, and lies there twice together and then _hunts_ up again: The 1, 2 and 3 goes the _six changes_, one of which is made every time, either of the _whole Hunts_ lies before the Bells, as in the following _Changes_, where the _fifth_ hunts down the _first_; and lying before the Bells, there is a _change_ made between the 1 & 2, which is one of the _six changes_; and then the _fifth_ _hunts_ up again into its place, and the _fourth_ _hunts_ down, which lying before the Bells, there is another of the _six changes_ made between the 1 and 3, and then the _fourth_ _hunts_ up again, and the _fifth_ _hunts_ down next; in which course it continues to the end of the _Peal_, each of the _whole Hunts_ lying but twice at one time before the Bells, as in these following _changes_. 12345 12354 12534 15234 51234 52134 25134 21534 21354 21345 21435 24135 42135 42315 24315 23415 23145 23154 23514 25314 52314 53214 35214 32514 32154 32145 32415 34215 43215 43125 34125 31425 31245 31254 31524 35124 53124 51324 15324 13524 13254 13245 13425 14325 41325 41235 14235 12435 12345 _Cambridge_ Eight and Forty. Wherein it is observed, that the _Treble_ and _Second_ does never come behind, neither does the _Fifth_ and _Fourth_ come before, as in the following _Changes_. 12345 21345 21354 21534 25134 25314 23514 23154 32154 32514 35214 35124 31524 31254 31245 31425 34125 34215 32415 32145 23145 23415 24315 24135 21435 21453 24153 24513 25413 25143 21543 12543 15243 15423 14523 14253 12453 12435 14235 14325 13425 13245 13254 13524 15324 15234 12534 12354 12345 The _Plain Changes_ on five Bells. There are _Six-score Changes_ to be _Rang_ on _five Bells_, which are to be _Rang_, by observing a _whole Hunt_, a _half Hunt_, and _three Extream Bells_; the course of the _whole Hunt_, is the same with the _Hunt_ in the _Twenty-four Changes_, and _hunts_ up and down in the same manner. The _half Hunt_ moves once, that is, over one Bell every time, the _whole Hunt_ comes before and behind the Bells; but when the _half Hunt_ is removed either before or behind the _Extream Bells_, then there is an _Extream Change_ to be made. For Example, I make the _Treble_ the _whole Hunt_, and _hunt_ it up; and the _Second_ the _half Hunt_ and _half hunt_ it up, making every _Extream Change_ between the two farthest _Extream Bells_ from the _half Hunt_; the _Extream Bells_ are the _Third_, _Fourth_, _Fifth_: Now observe, that whereas in the _Twenty-four Changes_, an _Extream Change_ was alwayes made, when the _whole Hunt_ came before or behind the _Bells_, in these _Six-score_ _Changes_ an _Extream_ is alwayes to be made, when the _Half Hunt_ comes before or behind the _Extream Bells_; first the Treble is to be _hunted_ up, as in these _Changes_.-- 12345 21345 23145 23415 23451 The _whole Hunt_ being _hunted_ up, the _Second_, which is the _half Hunt_, must be _hunted_ up over one _Bell_, as in this _Change_.-- 32451 The _half Hunt_ being removed up over one _Bell_, the _whole Hunt_ must be _hunted_ down again, as in these _Changes_.-- 32415 32145 31245 13245 The _whole Hunt_ being _hunted_ down, the _half Hunt_ is to be removed up over the _Fourth_, which is the next _Bell_ to it.-- 13425 The _whole Hunt_ is to _hunt_ up as before.-- 31425 34125 34215 34251 Now the _half Hunt_ is to be _hunted_ up over the _Fifth_, which is the next _Bell_ to it, thus.-- 34521 Here the _Second_, which is the _half Hunt_, is removed quite up behind the _Extream_ _Bells_; yet the _Extream Change_ is not to be made, until the _whole Hunt_ has removed down through the _Bells_, as in these _Changes_.-- 34512 34152 31452 13452 And it is a constant Rule, that whensoever the _half Hunt_ has removed up behind the _Extream Bells_, or down before them, the _whole Hunt_ must _hunt_ through the Bells, before the _Extream Change_ is made, as in the last _Change_ but four, which is 3, 4, 5, 2, 1. the _Second_ being the _half Hunt_, is removed up behind the 3, 4, and 5. which are the _Extream_ Bells; and then the _whole Hunt_ being behind, _hunts_ immediately down; and now the _Extreame Change_ is to be made between the 3, and 4. which are the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from the _half Hunt_, as in this _Change_.-- 14352 The _Extream_ being made, the _whole Hunt_ and _half Hunt_ are to remove again; and first the _whole Hunt_ must be _hunted_ up.-- 41352 43152 43512 43521 Now the _half Hunt_ is to be _hunted_ down under one Bell, thus.-- 43251 The _half Hunt_ being removed, the _whole Hunt_ is to be _hunted_ down.-- 43215 43125 41325 14325 The _half Hunt_ is to be removed down under another Bell, as in this _Change_.-- 14235 Now I hunt up the Treble.-- 41235 42135 42315 42351 The Treble being _hunted_ up, I _hunt_ down the _Second_ before the _Extream_ Bells.-- 24351 Now I _hunt_ down the Treble again, and then make the _Extream Change_, as in these _Changes_.-- 24315 24135 21435 12435 12453 The last is the _Extream Change_, which is made between the _Third_ and _Fifth_; and this course is to be observed to the end of the _Six-score Changes_, which is set down at large at the end of the directions to this _Peal_. Another short Example I will insert, which is _Second_ down, and _Fourth_ up, (for that is the common Phrase amongst _Ringers_) whereby 'tis alwayes to be observed, that the first Bell which is named, is the _whole Hunt_, and the second that is named, is the _half Hunt_, as herein you may perceive; where _Second_ down, is meant, that the _Second_ Bell is the _whole Hunt_, and to _hunt_ down the first _Change_; and the _Fourth_ Bell is the _half Hunt_, and to _half hunt_ up, that is, to move up towards the hindmost Bell the first time it moves at the beginning of the _Peal_; which are only directions in making the first _Changes_, for one _whole Hunt_ and _half Hunt_ may be hunted several wayes, either up or down at pleasure. First, I _hunt_ down the _Second_.-- 12345 21345 The _Second_ being _hunted_ down, the _Fourth_, which is the _half Hunt_, must be removed up over one Bell, thus.-- 21354 The _half Hunt_ being removed, I must _hunt_ up the _Second_, as in these _Changes_.-- 12354 13254 13524 13542 31542 31524 31254 32154 23154 23145 Now the _Fourth_, which is the _half Hunt_, being behind the _Extream_ Bells, the next is to be an _Extream Change_, which may be made either between the two farthest Bells from the _half Hunt_, or the two nearest to it; and after the _Extream Change_ is made, the _whole Hunt_ and _half Hunt_ must be _hunted_ as before. These _Six-score Changes_ of _Second_ and _Fourth_, I have set down at large, at the end of my directions to these _Changes_ on five Bells. In every _Six-score_, the _Extream Changes_ may be made either between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from the _half Hunt_, or between the two nearest to it, observing to make all the _Extreams_ in one _Six-score_ alike; that is, if you make the first _Extream Change_ between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from the _half Hunt_, you must make all the following _Extreams_ in the same _Six score_ between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells also; or if you make the first _Extream_ in any _Six-score_ between the two nearest to the _half Hunt_, you must make all the following _Extreams_ in the same _Six-score_ between the two nearest also. The _Six-score_ plain and single _Changes_, are to be _Rang_ Eight-score several wayes; for although there are but _Six-score_ several _Changes_ on five _Bells_, yet by altering the _whole Hunt_, the _half Hunt_, and _Extreams_, the course of the _Changes_ are so altered, that the same _Changes_ doe not come all along together in any two of those Eight-score wayes. With one _whole Hunt_ and _half Hunt_, the _Six-score Changes_ are to be _Rang_, or set down eight several wayes; one way, is by _hunting_ the _whole Hunt_, and _half Hunt_ both up; the second way, is by _hunting_ the _whole Hunt_ and _half Hunt_ both down; the third way, is in _hunting_ the _whole Hunt_ up, and the _half Hunt_ down; the fourth way, is by _hunting_ the _whole Hunt_ down, and the _half Hunt_ up; each of these four wayes is to be _Rang_ two wayes more; one is, in making the _Extreams_ between the two farthest Extream Bells from the half Hunt, and the other way is in making them between the two nearest; for Example, in making the treble the whole Hunt, and second the half Hunt, the Six-score are to be Rang eight several wayes (viz.) Extream Changes to be made between the 2 farthest Extream Bells from the half Hunt. Treble and second both up Treble and second both down Treble down, and second up Treble up, and second down Extream Changes to be made between the two nearest Extream Bells to the half Hunt, which is called _Mediums_. Treble and second both up Treble and second both down Treble down, and second up Treble up, and second down On five Bells there are 20 Hunts, (i.e.) a whole Hunt, and half Hunt twenty times, and not one; and the same whole Hunt, and half Hunt twice, as appears by the following Figures, where they stand two and two together; one of which is the whole Hunt, and the other the half Hunt: for Example, the 2 highest Figures are 1.2 where the treble is the whole Hunt, and the second the half Hunt. The two next Figures are 1.3 where the treble is the whole Hunt, and the third the half Hunt; and likewise the two last, or lowest Figures, are 5.4 the fifth is the whole Hunt, and the fourth the half Hunt; and so of all the rest, the first Figure representing the whole Hunt, and the next to it the half Hunt. 1.2 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.1 1.3 2.3 3.2 4.2 5.2 1.4 2.4 3.4 4.3 5.3 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.4 So that there being twenty Hunts, and every one making eight Six-scores (as in the Example of treble and second) that is twenty (which are the number of Hunts;) multiplied by eight (which are the number of Six-scores made by each Hunt) does produce Eight-score several wayes to Ring the Six-score Changes. In the Six-score Changes are comprehended the Twenty-four, and the Six Changes: The Twenty-four Changes are made between the half Hunt, and the three Extream Bells; and the Six are made between the Extream Bells alone: The half Hunt in the Six-score, is the whole Hunt in the Twenty-four; and there is one Change in the Twenty-four made every time the whole Hunt comes before and behind the Bells; and one Change in the Six made every Extream: So that the Six-score rightly understood, is nothing else but hunting the half Hunt through every Change of the Six, which makes Twenty-four Changes: and then hunting the whole Hunt through each Change of the Twenty-four, which makes Six-score; for instance, in the first Six-score before set down, where the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, and the 345 the Extream Bells. I take the Extream Bells, and set down the six Changes on them thus.-- 345 435 453 543 534 354 345 Now I take the first of the six, which is 345, and set the second (which was the half Hunt in the Six-score) to it, and hunt it up behind thus.-- 2345 3245 3425 3452 Now I take the second Change of the six, which is 435, and set it directly under 345, and the second Bell to it, and hunt it down thus.-- 4352 4325 4235 2435 The second being hunted through the Change, I take the third Change in the six, which is 453, and hunt the second Bell through it, as before.-- 2453 4253 4523 4532 And in the same course, the second being hunted through each Change of the six, will make Twenty-four, one Change of the six, hunting the second Bell through it, makes four Changes; so that the six Changes by hunting the second through each of them, will make six times four Changes (i.e.) Twenty-four. And now hunt the Treble through each of the Twenty-four Changes, and 'twill make Six-score; the first of the Twenty-four is 2345, take the Treble, and hunt it through it thus.-- 12345 21345 23145 23415 23451 Now take the next Change of the Twenty-four, which is 3245, set it under the other Change, and hunt the Treble through it thus.-- 32451 32415 32145 31245 13245 And in the same manner, hunting the Treble through each Change of the Twenty-four, will produce Twenty-four times five Changes, which makes Six-score; one Change of the Twenty-four (in hunting the Treble through it) makes five Changes. In every Six-score on 5 Bells, there are 6 Extream Changes, there being twenty Changes from one Extream to another. It would be an endless undertaking to set down all these Peals at large, but for the convenience of the Learner, I have set down some part of several of them, which may with ease be prickt out to the end of each Peal, as the Learner pleases. Note, That in the following Peals there is a Line drawn at each Extream Change between the Figures, to shew where the Extreams are made; as in the next Peal there is a Line drawn between the Figures just 20 Changes from the beginning of the Peal, the change next after the Line is the Extream Change, which is 14352, and so of the rest; the Change next following each Line is the Extream. Treble and second both up, Extream between the two farthest Extream Bells from the half Hunt. 12345 21345 23145 23415 23451 32451 32415 32145 31245 13245 13425 31425 34125 34215 34251 34521 34512 34152 31452 13452 ----- 14352 41352 43152 43512 43521 43251 43215 43125 41325 14325 14235 41235 42135 42315 42351 24351 24315 24135 21435 12435 ----- 12453 21453 24153 24513 24531 42531 42513 42153 41253 14253 14523 41523 45123 45213 45231 45321 45312 45132 41532 14532 ----- 15432 51432 54132 54312 54321 54231 54213 54123 51423 15423 15243 51243 52143 52413 52431 25431 25413 25143 21543 12543 ----- 12534 21534 25134 25314 25341 52341 52314 52134 51234 15234 15324 51324 53124 53214 53241 53421 53412 53142 51342 15342 ----- 13542 31542 35142 35412 35421 35241 35214 35124 31524 13524 13254 31254 32154 32514 32541 23541 23514 23154 21354 12354 ----- 12345 Treble up, fifth down, Extreams between the two farthest Extream Bells from the half Hunt. 12345 21345 23145 23415 23451 23541 23514 23154 21354 12354 12534 21534 25134 25314 25341 52341 52314 52134 51234 15234 ----- 15243 51243 52143 52413 52431 25431 25413 25143 21543 12543 12453 21453 24153 24513 24531 24351 24315 24135 21435 12435 ----- 14235 41235 42135 42315 42351 42531 42513 42153 41253 14253 14523 41523 45123 45213 45231 54231 54213 54123 51423 15423 ----- 15432 51432 54132 54312 54321 45321 45312 45132 41532 14532 14352 41352 43152 43512 43521 43251 43215 43125 41325 14325 ----- 13425 31425 34125 34215 34251 34521 34512 34152 31452 13452 13542 31542 35142 35412 35421 53421 53412 53142 51342 15342 ----- 15324 51324 53124 53214 53241 35241 35214 35124 31524 13524 13254 31254 32154 32514 32541 32451 32415 32145 31245 13245 ----- 12345 Second down, and fourth up, Extream between the two farthest Bells from the half Hunt. 12345 21345 21354 12354 13254 13524 13542 ----- 31542 31524 31254 32154 23154 23145 32145 31245 31425 31452 34152 34125 34215 32415 23415 24315 42315 43215 43125 43152 ----- 43512 43521 43251 42351 24351 23451 Second and third both down, Extream between the two farthest Extream Bells from the half Hunt. 12345 21345 23145 32145 31245 31425 31452 ----- 31542 31524 31254 32154 23154 21354 12354 13254 13524 13542 15342 15324 15234 12534 21534 21543 12543 15243 15423 15432 51432 51423 51243 52143 Third and fifth both up, Extream between the two farthest Extream Bells from the half Hunt. 12345 12435 12453 ----- 21453 21435 21345 23145 32145 32154 23154 21354 21534 21543 25143 25134 25314 23514 32514 35214 53214 52314 52134 52143 ----- 52413 52431 Fourth down, Treble up, Extream between the two nearest Extream Bells to the half Hunt. 12345 12435 14235 41235 42135 24135 21435 21345 21354 23154 23145 23415 24315 42315 42351 24351 23451 23541 23514 ----- 25314 25341 25431 24531 42531 42513 24513 25413 25143 25134 21534 21543 21453 24153 42153 41253 14253 12453 12543 12534 ----- 15234 15243 15423 14523 41523 45123 54123 51423 51243 51234 52134 52143 52413 54213 45213 45231 54231 52431 52341 52314 ----- 53214 53241 Fifth down, treble up, Extream Changes between the two farthest Extream Bells from the Half Hunt. 12345 12354 12534 15234 51234 52134 25134 21534 21354 21345 23145 23154 23514 25314 52314 52341 25341 23541 23451 23415 32415 32451 32541 35241 53241 53214 35214 32514 32154 32145 31245 31254 Treble & second both down. 12345 12354 21354 23154 23514 23541 32541 32514 32154 31254 13254 13524 31524 35124 35214 35241 35421 Second & treble both down. 12345 21345 21354 12354 13254 13524 13542 31542 31524 31254 32154 23154 23514 32514 35214 35124 35142 35412 The Changes on six Bells. On six Bells there are Seven-hundred and twenty Changes to be made; but there are Peals of Six-score and Twelve-score Changes to be Rang on them. The Six-score Changes are to be made, by observing a whole Hunt and half Hunt, which are to be hunted in the same course, as in the Six-score on five Bells, and the Extream Changes to be made by the same Rule as they were on five Bells. The only difference between the Six-score on six Bells, and those on five, are this; whereas on five there are but three Extream Bells, on six there are four Extream Bells. And on five Bells, there are six Extream Changes in every Six-score; but on six, there are but four Extream Changes. And moreover, whereas in every Six-score on five Bells, the Changes were the same in each, although altered in course; but the Changes on six Bells are not the same in each, for several Six-scores has several Changes, one Six-score having many Changes which another has not, as in this Peal, treble and second both up, which is, 123456 213456 231456 234156 234516 234561 324561 324516 324156 321456 312456 132456 134256 314256 341256 342156 342516 342561 345261 345216 345126 341526 314526 134526 134562 314562 341562 345162 345612 345621 ------ 435621 435612 435162 431562 413562 143562 143526 413526 431526 435126 435216 435261 432561 432516 432156 431256 413256 143256 142356 412356 421356 423156 423516 423561 243561 243516 243156 241356 214356 124356 ------ 124365 214365 241365 243165 243615 243651 423651 423615 423165 421365 412365 142365 143265 413265 431265 432165 432615 432651 436251 436215 436125 431625 413625 143625 143652 413652 431652 436152 436512 436521 ------ 346521 346512 346152 341652 314652 134652 134625 314625 341625 346125 346215 346251 342651 342615 342165 341265 314265 134265 132465 312465 321465 324165 324615 324651 234651 234615 234165 231465 213465 123465 ------ 123456 There are other Peals to be Rang on six Bells, as Six-scores on the five smallest, the tenor lying behind all the way. Treble and second, or treble and fifth, with the tenor lying behind, makes very good Musick: Of which Peals I need not give you any Example, these Six-scores being the same with those on five Bells set down before. The Twelve-score Changes being only part of the Seven-hundred and twenty, and consequently the course of each being one and the same, I will therefore shew the course and method of the Seven-hundred and twenty, wherein the Twelve-score Changes are also included. In Ringing the Seven-hundred and Twenty, there is a whole Hunt, a half Hunt, a quarter Hunt, and three Extream Bells; the whole Hunt and half Hunt does hunt in the same course and method, as they did in the Six-score on five Bells, and in the last Six-score; and the quarter Hunt removes in the same course under the half Hunt, as the half Hunt does under the whole Hunt: for instance, when the whole Hunt is hunted either before or behind the Bells, then the half Hunt removes over one Bell; and when the half Hunt is removed before or behind the quarter Hunt and Extream Bells (at which time in a Six-score the Extream is made) then the quarter Hunt removes over one Bell, in the same course as the half hunt moves, when the whole Hunt is before or behind. An Example I will set down, which is 1, 2 and 3 all up, that is to say, treble the whole Hunt, and to hunt up, second the half Hunt, and to half hunt up, and third the quarter Hunt, and to quarter hunt up 4, 5 and 6 are Extream Bells; there is alwayes an Extream Change to be made when the quarter Hunt comes before or behind the Extream Bells, there are two wayes to make the Extreams, which are the same here, as in the Six-score on five, and made by the same Rule, I will here make it between the two farthest Extream Bells from the quarter Hunt. Now the treble and second being the whole Hunt and half Hunt, must be hunted in the same course, as in the Six-score on five Bells, after this manner. 123456 213456 231456 234156 234516 234561 324561 324516 324156 321456 312456 132456 134256 314256 341256 342156 342516 342561 345261 345216 345126 341526 314526 134526 134562 314562 341562 345162 345612 345621 The half Hunt being hunted up, the third is to remove up over one Bell, and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt to remove again thus. 435621 435612 435162 431562 413562 143562 143526 413526 431526 435126 435216 435261 432561 432516 432156 431256 413256 143256 142356 412356 421356 423156 423516 423561 243561 243516 243156 241356 214356 124356 The whole Hunt and half Hunt being hunted down, the quarter Hunt must remove up over the fifth, and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt must hunt up again, as in the following Changes. 124536 214536 241536 245136 245316 245361 425361 425316 425136 421536 412536 142536 145236 415236 451236 452136 452316 452361 453261 453216 453126 451326 415326 145326 145362 415362 451362 453162 453612 453621 The whole Hunt and half Hunt being hunted up, the quarter Hunt must be removed quite up over the sixth, as in this Change 456321 the quarter Hunt being hunted up behind the Extream Bells, yet the Extream Change is not to be made, until the whole Hunt and half Hunt have both removed thorough the Bells, as in these Changes. 456312 456132 451632 415632 145632 145623 415623 451623 456123 456213 456231 452631 452613 452163 451263 415263 145263 142563 412563 421563 425163 425613 425631 245631 245613 245163 241563 214563 124563 It is to be observed for a constant Rule, that when the quarter Hunt removes either quite up behind the Extream Bells, or down before them, the whole Hunt and half Hunt must hunt through the Bells before the Extream Change is to be made, as appears by the last Changes. The Extream Change is now to be made between the 4 and 5, being the two farthest Extream Bells from the third, which is the quarter Hunt, thus.-- 125463 The Extream being made, the whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt must be hunted as before; and first the whole Hunt and half Hunt are to be hunted up, as in these Changes. 215463 251463 254163 254613 254631 524631 524613 524163 521463 512463 152463 154263 514263 541263 542163 542613 542631 546231 546213 546123 541623 514623 154623 154632 514632 541632 546132 546312 546321 The whole Hunt and half Hunt being hunted up, the quarter Hunt must hunt down under the sixth, which is the next Bell to it, and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt must hunt down again, as in the Changes following. 543621 543612 543162 541362 514362 154362 154326 514326 541326 543126 543216 543261 542361 542316 542136 541236 514236 154236 152436 512436 521436 524136 524316 524361 254361 254316 254136 251436 215436 125436 The quarter Hunt must be hunted down under the Fourth, and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt are to hunt up again, as appears by these changes. 125346 215346 251346 253146 253416 253461 523461 523416 523146 521346 512346 152346 153246 513246 531246 532146 532416 532461 534261 534216 534126 531426 513426 153426 153462 513462 531462 534162 534612 534621 Now the quarter hunt is to be hunted down before the Extream Bells, and then the whole Hunt and half Hunt to hunt again before the Extream Change is made. 354621 354612 354162 351462 315462 135462 135426 315426 351426 354126 354216 354261 352461 352416 352146 351246 315246 135246 132546 312546 321546 325146 325416 325461 235461 235416 235146 231546 213546 123546 The quarter Hunt being before the Extream Bells, the Extream Change is to be made: Here are just Twelve-score Changes already set down, and the Bells may either be brought round, and so make an end at the Twelve-score, or else proceed forward to the end of the Seven hundred and twenty. If the bells are not brought round here, they cannot come round, until the Seven-hundred and twenty Changes are all made, and then they come round in course. To bring the Bells round at the end of these Twelve-score Changes, the Extream is to be made between the 5 and 4, which were the two Bells that made the last Extream Change, and brings them round in their right places again, as appears by these figures 123456. There are but two Extream Changes in every Twelve-score, wherein 'tis constantly observed, that the last Extream Change is to be made between those two Bells which made the first Extream, otherwise the Bells would not come round at the end of the Twelve-score. Here I have somewhat deviated from my directions before, in making the Extream Changes; for in the last Change, which is 123456, I made the Extream between the two nearest Extream Bells to the quarter Hunt; but the Twelve-score Changes are an imperfect Peal, being only a third part of the Changes which are to be made on six Bells, and therefore not to be brought round, unless the last Extream Change is made out of course. To have proceeded forward in the 720, the last Extream should have been made between the 4 and 6, which are the two farthest Extream Bells from the quarter Hunt, the Change next before the Extream, is 123546; now the 4 and 6 making an Extream Change, the Bells stand thus, 123564; the Extream being made, the whole _hunt_, half _hunt_, and quarter _hunt_ are to be hunted as before, and the Extream Changes to be made between the two farthest Extream Bells from the quarter _hunt_, which course will bring the Bells round in their right places at the end of the 720. In every 720, there are six Extream Changes, there being Six-score Changes between each. The Twelve-score Changes are to be Rang with any whole _hunt_, half _hunt_, and quarter _hunt_, observing to make the last Extream Change between those two Bells which made the first. The 720 plain Changes are to be rang or set down One thousand four hundred and forty several wayes, by altering the whole _hunt_, half _hunt_, quarter _hunt_, and Extream Bells (but the course of each is the same with that which is before set down) which I thus demonstrate. On 6 Bells, there are 120 several _hunts_, (viz.) a whole _hunt_, half _hunt_, and quarter _hunt_ Six-score several times, and not one and the same whole _hunt_, half _hunt_, and quarter _hunt_ twice, as appears by these Figures.-- 123 213 312 412 512 612 124 214 314 413 513 613 125 215 315 415 514 614 126 216 316 416 516 615 132 231 321 421 521 621 134 234 324 423 523 623 135 235 325 425 524 624 136 236 326 426 526 625 142 241 341 431 531 631 143 243 342 432 532 632 145 245 345 435 534 634 146 246 346 436 536 635 152 251 351 451 541 641 153 253 352 452 542 642 154 254 354 453 543 643 156 256 356 456 546 645 162 261 361 461 561 651 163 263 362 462 562 652 164 264 364 463 563 653 165 265 365 465 564 654 --- --- --- --- --- --- These Figures stand three and three together, each three represents the three Hunts; that is, the first is the whole Hunt, the second Figure the half Hunt, and the third the quarter Hunt; for Example, the first three are 123, the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, and the third the quarter Hunt: The next three Figures are 124, there the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, and the fourth the quarter Hunt; and the last three Figures are 654, where the sixth is the whole Hunt, the fifth the half Hunt, and the fourth the quarter Hunt, and so of all the rest. With one whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, the Seven-hundred and twenty Changes are to be Rang, or set down twelve several wayes; for instance, take the first three Hunts in these Figures, which are 123, where the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, and the third the quarter Hunt, which may be hunted six several wayes, as followeth. Treble, second and third, all up. Treble and second up, third down. Treble up, second and third down. Treble, second and third, all down. Treble and second down, third up. Treble down, second and third up. Each of these are to be Rang two wayes, one is to make the Extreams between the two farthest Extream Bells from the quarter Hunt, and the other way is to make the Extream between the two next Bells to the quarter Hunt. By treble, second and third all up, is meant, that the treble is the whole _hunt_, and to hunt up the first Change at the beginning of the Peal; the second is the half _hunt_, and to half hunt up; that is, to move up towards the hindmost Bells the first time it moves at the beginning of the Peal; and the third is the quarter _hunt_, and to move likewise toward the hindmost Bells the first time it removes. And by treble and second up, and third down, is meant, that the treble and second are to move up towards the hindmost Bell, the first time each removes at the beginning of the Peal; and the third being the quarter _hunt_, is to move down the first time, which are only directions for moving the _hunts_ at first, because they may be hunted either up or down. Sometimes it happens, that the _hunts_ cannot be hunted that way which is proposed, as in the 720, treble, second and third all down.-- 123456 The whole _hunt_ which is the treble, should now be hunted down; but it being already before the Bells, insomuch that it can be removed no lower; I should therefore remove the half _hunt_ down, but that being also down as low as it can go, I should move the quarter _hunt_; and that being also down before the Extream Bells, I can move it no lower, unless I should move it down under the second, which is the half _hunt_, which must not be done; for when the quarter _hunt_ is down next before the _Extream Bell_, it must be removed no lower; and when it is up next behind _Extream Bell_, it is to be removed up no higher; therefore it being now before the _Extream Bell_, the _Extream Change_ is to be made the first of all; and when that is done, the treble, second and third must be hunted up in course. Or if you make treble and second down, and third up, then the first Change is to be made, by moving the quarter _Hunt_ up over one _Bell_. And again, if you make Treble and Tenor both up, and Third down, first hunt up the Treble, and then the Tenor, which is the half _Hunt_, should be moved up; but it being already behind, the quarter _Hunt_, which is the Third, must move under one _Bell_, and then the whole _Hunt_ and half are to hunt in course after each other: Many Examples of this Nature I could set down, which for brevity sake I omit. I might demonstrate how the 720 are to be Rang twelve wayes, with each of the Six-score Hunts, as I did that of treble, second and third; but I think that altogether needless, since that Example makes it most plain and easie to be understood: But I will give a general Rule for hunting any whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, so as to produce six several wayes to Ring the 720 Changes, which is this: Whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt, all hunted up. Whole Hunt, and half Hunt hunted up, and quarter Hunt down. Whole Hunt hunted up, half Hunt and quarter Hunt down. Whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt hunted down. Whole Hunt and half Hunt hunted down, and quarter Hunt up. Whole Hunt hunted down, half Hunt and quarter Hunt hunted up. Which is a general Rule to Ring the 720 six wayes on any one of the Six-score Hunts; each of which six wayes, may be Rang two wayes more, by altering the _Extream Changes_, one of which is to make the _Extream Changes_ between the two next _Extream Bells_ to the quarter Hunt, and the other way is to make the _Extreams_ between the two farthest _Extream_ Bells from it. The 720 Changes are to be Rang 12 wayes with one whole Hunt, half Hunt, and quarter Hunt; so that with the Six-score Hunts, it is to be Rang Six-score times twelve wayes, which makes One thousand four hundred and forty several wayes to Ring this 720 plain Changes. In the 720, the half Hunt, the quarter Hunt, and the three _Extream_ Bells, makes the Six-score Changes on 5 Bells in a perfect course, the half Hunt and quarter hunt in the 720, being the whole Hunt and half Hunt in the Six-score; for Example, take the 23456, and set down the Six-score Changes on them, making the second the whole hunt, and the third the half hunt; which when you have set down, then take the Treble, and hunt it through every Change of that Six-score, and it will make 720 Changes, the same with those which I have set down before, The Twenty-four Changes on four Bells, and the six changes on three Bells, have also a perfect course in the 720, in the same manner as I told you they had in the Six-scores on five Bells. There is always one change in the Six-score made every time the whole hunt comes before or behind the bells, which is every sixth change; and there's one change of the Twenty-four made, every time the whole hunt and half hunt comes before or behind the bells, which is once in thirty changes; and one change of the six made every extream, that is once in six-score changes. You may take the six-score changes on five bells, treble the whole, and second the half hunt, before set down; and hunt the sixth bell through every change of that six score, which will make the 720 changes; Tenor the whole hunt, Treble the half hunt, and Second the quarter hunt. This is not material for a Learner to know, it being only for the instructions of those that know how to Ring it, but yet are ignorant of the true grounds thereof; therefore I have dissected it, and shewed the grounds of each part of it. In this place, I will add a word or two to those that practise to Ring the Changes. They that Ring the extream bells in the Twenty-four changes, must mind and observe the motion of the hunt, that they may the better know when to make the extream changes; and likewise in a six-score on five bells, he that Rings the half hunt, must observe the motion of the whole hunt; and they that Ring the extream bells, must observe the motions both of the whole hunt, and half hunt, that they may know when the half hunt is to move, and also when to make the extream changes; or else he that does Ring the half hunt, may give notice of the extream changes (by saying _Extream_) the change next before the extream is to be made. The same is to be observed in the changes on six bells. The whole hunt is the easiest bell to Ring in any changes, the half hunt is more plain and easie to Ring, than an extream bell. All changes are to be Rang either by _walking_ them (as the term is) or else Whole-pulls, or Half-pulls. By _walking_ them, is meant, that the bells go round, four, six, eight times, or more, in one change, which is commonly used by young Practisers; it may be sometimes on five bells, Ringing the Twenty-four changes on the treble, second, third, and fourth, the fifth bell striking behind every change; and many other changes of the like nature may be practised this way by young Ringers. Whole-pulls, is to Ring two Rounds in one change, that is, Fore-stroke and Back-stroke, and in a change; so that every time you pull down the bells at Sally, you make a new change differing from that at the Back-stroke next before; this Whole-pulls was altogether practised in former time, but of late there is a more quick and ready way practised, called Half-pulls, which is--only one round in a change, that is, one change made at the Fore-stroke, and another at the Back-stroke, which way is now altogether in use (unless it be at some great bells, which are too weighty to be managed up so high a Compass at the Back-stroke, as Half-pulls requires) it being now a common thing in _London_ to Ring the 720 _Changes_, _Trebles and Doubles_, and _Grandsire Bob_, _Half-pulls_, (which is commonly Rang with so round and quick a Compass, that in the space of half an hour, or little more, the 720 Changes are Rang out from the beginning to the end.) And also the Six-scores _Doubles and Singles_, _Old Doubles_, _Grandsire_, and many other cross Peals on five bells, are commonly Rang Half-pulls. In Ringing Half-pulls some Peals do cut Compass, that is--the whole _hunt_ comes to lead at the Back-stroke, to remedy which, make the first change of the Peal at the Back-stroke. By these following Rules, you shall know what Peals do cut Compass, and what not (i.e.) of plain and single changes. _On six Bells_, In hunting either the treble, the third, or the fifth bells down, cuts Compass; hunting them up, does not cut Compass. In hunting the second, fourth, or sixth bells up, cuts Compass; but hunting them down, does not cut Compass. These Rules (leaving out the Tenor) serves for five bells; and leaving out the fifth and Tenor, they serve for four bells. The Twelve score LONG HUNTS: Or the ESQUIRE'S Twelve-score. This Peal is to be Rang on six bells, having two whole _hunts_, and one half _hunt_; the common way of Ringing, it is to make the fifth and Tenor the whole _hunts_, and the Treble the half _hunt_. The Tenor and fifth does each _hunt_ down by turns, and when either of them comes down before the bells, it leads twice, and then _hunts_ up again. The Treble, second, third, and fourth, makes the Twenty-four changes, one of which is made every time either of the whole _hunts_ leads: For instance, the Tenor is first to be _hunted_ down, thus.-- 123456 123465 123645 126345 162345 612345 The tenor being hunted down, and lying before the bells, there is one change in the Twenty-four now to be made between treble and second, thus.-- 621345 The tenor is to be hunted up into its place, and the fifth hunts down.-- 261345 216345 213645 213465 213456 213546 215346 251346 521346 The fifth being now before the bells, there is another change in the Twenty-four to be made between the treble and third, as in this change.-- 523146 The fifth is now to hunt up, and the tenor to hunt down again, in which course they continue to the end of the Peal, observing to make an extream change, when the treble (which is the hunt in the Twenty-four) comes before or behind the extream bells. 253146 235146 231546 231456 231465 231645 This Peal may be Rang by making the Twenty-four changes Doubles and Singles, in the place of the Twenty-four plain Changes, and many other wayes, which I leave to the Learner to practise. The Variety of Changes on any Number of Bells. The changes on bells do multiply infinitely. On two bells there are two changes. On three bells are three times as many changes as there are on two; that is--three times two changes, which makes six. On four bells there are four times as many changes as on three; that is--four times six changes, which makes Twenty-four. On five bells there are five times as many changes as there are on four bells; that is--five times Twenty-four changes, which makes Six-score. On six bells are six times as many changes as there are on five; that is--six times Six-score changes, which makes Seven-hundred and twenty: And in the same manner, by increasing the number of bells, they multiply innumerably, as in the Table of Figures next following; where each of the Figures in the Column of the left hand, standing directly under one another (which are 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.) do represent the number of bells; and the Figures going along towards the right hand, directly from each of those twelve Figures, are the number of changes to be rung on that number of bells which the Figure represents: For Example, the uppermost Figure on the left hand is 2, which stands for two bells; and the Figure next to it on the right hand is also 2, which stands for two changes; that is to say, on two bells there are two changes. The next Figure below in the left Column is 3, which stands for three Bells; and the Figure next to it on the right hand is 6, which stands for six changes; that is--on three bells are six changes, and so of the rest as follows. bells changes 2 2 3 6 4 24 5 120 6 720 7 5040 8 40320 9 362880 10 3628800 11 39916800 12 479001600 The lowest of these figures are 479001600, that is, Four hundred seventy nine Millions, one thousand six hundred, which are all the changes that can be made on twelve bells: And supposing that twelve men should take 12 bells with intent to ring the changes on them, they would be Seventy five Years, ten Months, one Week and three Dayes in ringing them, according to the proportion of ringing 720 changes in an hour; reckoning 24 hours to the day, and 365 dayes in the Year. Having given Directions for all sorts of plain and single Changes, I will now proceed to Cross-peals, and first to Doubles and Singles on four Bells. Doubles And Singles on four Bells. On four bells there are 24 changes to be made Doubles and Singles, wherein are twelve double changes, and 12 single; next to every double change, there is a single; so that 2 double changes do not come together in any place throughout the Peal, neither does two single changes at any time come together; but one change is double, and the next is single, to the end of the Peal. Every double change is made between the four bells; that is--there are two changes made at one time, between the bells in treble and seconds places, and the bells in third and fourths places. Every single change is made between the two bells in the middle (i.e.) in seconds and thirds places; excepting the extream changes, which are single, and made between the two farthest extream bells from the Hunt. An Example I here set down, making the treble the Hunt, and I hunt it up at the beginning of the Peal (for it may be hunted either up or down at pleasure) and I make an extream change every time the whole Hunt comes before the bells. In ringing it, 'tis observed, that every bell hunts in course, and lies twice before, and twice behind, except only when the extream is to be made, and then the two farthest extream bells from the Hunt, does make a dodge, and then moves in their former course, as in these changes.-- 1234 2143 2413 4231 4321 3412 3142 1324 Now the hunt is before the bells, there is an extream change made between the two farthest bells from it, which are the 2 and 4, thus.-- 1342 The extream change being made, the bells are to move, as before, observing to make an extream change every time the whole hunt comes before the bells. 3124 3214 2341 2431 4213 4123 1432 1423 4132 4312 3421 3241 2314 2134 1243 1234 In this last Twenty-four, the treble is hunted up at the beginning; it may be rang by hunting it down, which is to be down, by making the first a single change, and then hunt it up as before. With one hunt this Peal may be rang six wayes (viz.) three wayes in hunting it up at the beginning of each Peal, and the other three wayes by hunting it down; the three wayes in hunting it up, differs only in making the extream changes; in one of the three wayes you must make an extream change every time the hunt comes before the bells to lead, as in the Twenty-four changes before set down. Another way is to make an extream every time the hunt comes behind. And the third way, is to make an extream every time the hunt comes before and behind the bells. The three wayes in hunting it down, are to be rang by making the extream changes, as in the three wayes before; in hunting one bell, there are six wayes to ring this Peal; therefore with the four bells (in making each of them to hunt) there are four times six wayes to ring it, which makes Twenty-four several wayes. And for the benefit of the Learner, I have set down certain Rules, shewing how to begin any of the aforesaid Peals (viz.) In hunting either the treble or third up, the first change is double; but in hunting either of them down, the first is single. In hunting the second or the fourth up, the first change is single; but in hunting either of them down, the first change in each Peal must be double. Doubles and Singles on five Bells. There is a Peal to be rang on five bells, called Doubles and Singles, wherein are Six-score several changes, sixty of which are double changes, and sixty are single; the double and single changes are so intermixt, that two double changes does not at any time come together in the Six-score; neither are two single changes made next to each other in any part of this Peal, but one change is double, and the next single, in which course they are made to the end. Every double change is made between the four foremost bells (i.e.) in treble, second, third, and fourth places. When the whole hunt is hunting up, each single change is made between the whole hunt, and the next bell above it. In hunting down the single changes are made between the whole hunt, and the next bell below it, the whole hunt being alwayes one of the two bells which makes every single change, except only when it leads, and then the single change is made in third and fourths places; but the extream is also a single change, and made (when the whole hunt leads) between the two farthest extream bells from the half hunt; the half hunt is to lie either before or behind the extream bells, when the extream changes are made, of which I shall shew you more anon. In this Peal there is a whole hunt, a half hunt, and three extream Bells; the whole hunt in a direct course does hunt up and down, and lies twice before, and twice behind all the way; every other bell leads twice together throughout the Peal. And when the whole hunt leaves the thirds place, hunting up, then every bell that comes into second and thirds places, does lie in each of those places twice together, until the whole hunt comes down again into thirds place, at which time the bell in fourths place lies there twice, and then makes a dodge with the bell in thirds place (unless an extream change is to be made) and so removes directly down before the bells. And that bell which comes into the tenors place (when the whole hunt leaves that place hunting down) lies still there, until the whole hunt removes up into that place again, except only when the extream is made behind, and then the bell in fourths place moves into tenors place, and lies there until the whole hunt moves up into that place. With one whole hunt, and half hunt, this Peal may be rang six wayes, in three of which the whole hunt is to be hunted up at the beginning of each Peal, which three wayes differs only in making the extream changes. One way, is to make an extream change every time the half hunt comes before the extream bells, as in the following Six-score. The second way, is to make an extream change every time the half hunt comes behind the extream bells. And the third way, is to make an extream every time, the half hunt comes before and behind the extream bells. In this last way there are six extreams in each Peal, but in the other two ways there are but three extreams in each Peal. The three wayes aforesaid, are to be rang, by hunting up the whole hunt; but it may be rang three wayes more, in hunting down the same whole hunt, in which three ways the extreams are to be made, as I shewed you before. The whole hunt is alwayes to lead when every extream change is made. This Peal I have set down at large, making the treble the whole hunt, the second the half hunt; and an extream change every time the half hunt comes before the extream bells, as in the following changes. I have drawn a Line between the figures at the extream changes, that next below the Line is the extream. 12345 21435 24135 42315 42351 24531 24513 42153 41253 14523 14253 41523 45123 54213 54231 45321 45312 54132 51432 15342 15432 51342 53142 35412 35421 53241 53214 35124 31524 13254 13524 31254 32154 23514 23541 32451 32415 23145 21345 12435 ----- 12453 21543 25143 52413 52431 25341 25314 52134 51234 15324 15234 51324 53124 35214 35241 53421 53412 35142 31542 13452 13542 31452 34152 43512 43521 34251 34215 43125 41325 14235 14325 41235 42135 24315 24351 42531 42513 24153 21453 12543 ----- 12534 21354 23154 32514 32541 23451 23415 32145 31245 13425 13245 31425 34125 43215 43251 34521 34512 43152 41352 14532 14352 41532 45132 54312 54321 45231 45213 54123 51423 15243 15423 51243 52143 25413 25431 52341 52314 25134 21534 12354 ----- 12345 This Peal may be rang Six-score several wayes; there being twenty hunts on five bells (that is--a whole hunt, and half hunt twenty times on five bells, and not one and the same whole hunt and half hunt twice, as I shewed more at large in the plain changes on five bells before set down) and with each hunt, that is, with one whole hunt and half hunt, it may be rang six wayes; so that multiply twenty, (which are the number of hunts) by six, (which are the number of Peals to be rung on each hunt) and it will produce Six-score several wayes to ring it. It may be prick't, or rang Six-score several wayes more, by making the extream changes when the whole hunt lies behind the bells, but those wayes are never practised; neither do I think it material to say any thing more of them in this place, having only inserted this, to shew the great variety there is in this Peal. It being somewhat difficult to know the true way of beginning each Peal, I have therefore set down certain Rules, shewing how the first changes in each are to be made. In hunting the treble, the third, or the fifth bells up, the first change in each Peal is to be made double. In hunting the treble down, the first change is single in third and fourths places, unless the half hunt lies so, as that the extream is to be made. In hunting the third or fifth down, the first change is to be made single, between the whole hunt, and the next bell below it. In hunting up the second or fourth, the first change in each Peal is single, between the whole hunt, and the next bell above it. In hunting down the second or fourth, the first change is to be made double. Every double change in all the Peals of Doubles and Singles, is made between the four foremost bells; that is--in treble, second, third and fourths places. Tendring's Six-score on five Bells. In this Peal are contained Six-score changes, which are Doubles and Singles, there being sixty double changes in it, and sixty single, which are so intermixt, that two double changes does not come together in any part of the Peal; neither are there 2 single changes at any time made together, but one change is double, and the next to it is single; in which course the changes are all made to the end of the Peal. Every single change is made between the 2 hindmost bells. There is a whole hunt and half hunt in it. The observation in ringing it, is this: When the whole hunt lies before the bells, and is to hunt up, first it moves up into seconds place, where it lies twice; then into thirds place, where it lies also twice; then into the fourths place, where it lies once; and in the tenors place once: Then it makes a dodge with the bell in fourths place, after which it lies twice behind; then it moves down into fourths place, and makes a dodge with the bell in tenors place, and then moves down into thirds place, where it lies twice, and in the seconds place twice, and then it leads four times; after which, it hunts again, as before. The course of the other four bells are exactly the same with that of the whole hunt, in moving up and down, except only when the Bob changes are made, and then they differ; but after the Bobs are made, their course is the same as before; every bell lies four times together before the bells, and twice in the seconds place without any alteration. In this Peal are two sorts of Bobs; one of which is called a double Bob, and the other a single Bob. The Rule for making the double Bob is this, when the whole hunt is hunting down, and lies in the seconds place, and the half hunt lies behind, then there's a double Bob; that is, two Bob-changes; one of which is made the next change, wherein the whole hunt moves down to lead; where having led four times, there is then another Bob-change to be made, in which the whole hunt moves up into the seconds place. The Rule for making the single Bob, is this, when the whole hunt has led four times, and the half hunt lies in thirds place; then the next change following is a single Bob, that is--one Bob-change, in which the whole hunt moves out of the trebles place up into the seconds place, every Bob is a double change, and made between the two first, and two last bells, the bell in thirds place lying still when each Bob is made, where it lies four times together, and then moves down; every time the whole hunt comes before the bells, there is either a single Bob, or a double Bob made. At every double Bob, those two bells that do dodge behind at the first Bob-change, continues dodging until the whole hunt moves up, and parts them: And likewise at the single Bob, those 2 bells which do dodge behind at the Bob-change, continue dodging until the whole hunt moves up, and parts them, as in the following changes, where the treble is the whole hunt, the tenor the half hunt, and the first is a Bob-change, being supposed to be the second Bob-change of a double Bob. 12345 21354 21345 23154 23145 32415 32451 34215 34251 43521 43512 45321 45312 54132 54123 51432 51423 15243 15234 12543 12534 21543 21534 25143 25134 52314 52341 53214 53241 35421 35412 34521 34512 43152 43125 41352 41325 14352 14325 13452 13425 31452 31425 34152 34125 43215 43251 42315 42351 24531 24513 25431 25413 52143 52134 51243 51234 15324 15342 13524 13542 31524 31542 35124 35142 53412 53421 54312 54321 45231 45213 42531 42513 24153 24135 21453 21435 12453 12435 14253 14235 41253 41235 42153 42135 24315 24351 23415 23451 32541 32514 35241 35214 53124 53142 51324 51342 15432 15423 14532 14523 41532 41523 45132 45123 54213 54231 52413 52431 25341 25314 23541 23514 32154 32145 31254 31245 13254 13245 12354 12345 This Peal was made out of _Grandsire_ on five bells, the Bob-changes in this, being the same with those in _Grandsire_, and made by the same Rule. Paradox on five Bells. This Peal of _Paradox_ is to be rang on five bells, wherein are Six-score changes, they are Doubles and Singles; that is--one change double, and another single; in which course they are made to the end of the Peal. Every single change is made in second and thirds places, except only when the whole Hunt leads, and then 'tis made in third and fourths places; but the extream Changes are (also single) and made between the two farthest extream bells from the half Hunt; the whole Hunt lies before the bells, when every extream change is made. Every bell lies four times together before, and four times behind, except only when the extream changes are made behind. There is a whole Hunt, a half Hunt, and three extream bells; the course of the whole Hunt is this, it being before the bells, first it moves up into the second and thirds places, then it makes a dodge with the bell in seconds place, and moves out of the thirds place up into fourths, where it lies alwayes twice, then moves up behind, where it lies four times, and then moves down into fourths place, where having lay twice, it hunts down into seconds place, and makes a dodge with the bell in thirds place, and then moves down before the bells, where having lay twice, it hunts as before; each of the other bells has the same course (in hunting up and down) as the whole Hunt until the whole Hunt leads, at which time every bell that comes into seconds place lies there twice together, unless the extream change is to be made in second and thirds places. In this following Peal the treble is the whole Hunt, and the second the half Hunt; the extream changes are made, when the half Hunt lies before the extream bells. 12435 21435 24135 21453 24153 42513 45213 42531 45231 54321 53421 54312 53412 35142 31542 35124 31524 13254 13524 15342 15432 51342 53142 51324 53124 35214 32514 35241 32541 23451 24351 23415 24315 42135 41235 42153 41253 14523 14253 12435 ----- 12453 21543 25143 21534 25134 52314 53214 52341 53241 35421 34521 35412 34512 43152 41352 43125 41325 14235 14325 13452 13542 31452 34152 31425 34125 43215 42315 43251 42351 24531 25431 24513 25413 52143 51243 52134 51234 15324 15234 12543 ----- 12534 21354 23154 21345 23145 32415 34215 32451 34251 43521 45321 43512 45312 54132 51432 54123 51423 15243 15423 14532 14352 41532 45132 41523 45123 54213 52413 54231 52431 25341 23541 25314 23514 32154 31254 32145 31245 13425 13245 12354 ----- 12345 I have drawn a Line between the Figures at the extream changes, that next below each Line is the extream; the first extream is Forty changes from the beginning. This Peal is grounded on the Twenty-four changes Doubles and Singles on four bells. The half Hunt, and three extream bells in this Peal, makes the Twenty four changes in a perfect course. There are four changes made in the Twenty-four every time the whole Hunt leads, which coming before the bells six times in the Six-score, and each time lying there four times together, makes six times four changes, which is Twenty four. 'Tis easily made out, if you take every change that is made when the whole Hunt is before the bells in the Six-score before, and set the changes down by themselves (leaving out the treble) where you will find, that the second, third, fourth and fifth, make the Twenty-four changes Doubles and Singles, in a perfect course; second is the Hunt, and the extreams are made when the Hunt is before. _Paradox_ may be rang Six-score several wayes. With one whole Hunt, and half Hunt, it may be rang six wayes, in three of which the whole Hunt is to be hunted up; and in the other three wayes it is to be hunted down, in which six wayes the extream changes are to be made by the same Rules, and in the same manner, as I shewed before in the Six-score Doubles and Singles on five bells; so that with the twenty Hunts, it may be prick't or rang twenty times six wayes, which makes Six-score. This Peal may be prick't Six-score wayes more, by making the extreams when the whole Hunt lies behind the bells, but that being never practised, I will say no more of it. I have here set down some general Rules for beginning the several Peals of _Paradox_ by the former course (i.e.) in making the extreams when the whole Hunt is before the bells. In hunting the treble up, the first change is double between the four first bells, thus.-- 12345 21435 In hunting the treble down, the first change is single in third and fourths places (thus.--12345 12435) unless the half Hunt lies so, that the extreams may be made. Second up, the first change is single in second and thirds places, thus.-- 12345 13245 Second down, the first change is double between the four first bells. Third up, the first change is double between the four first bells. Third down, the first change is single in second and thirds places. Fourth up, the first change is double between the four hindmost bells, thus.-- 12345 13254 Fourth down, the first change is double between the four first bells. Fifth up, the first change is single in second and thirds places. Fifth down, the first change is double between the four hindmost bells. If you observe these Rules aright, together with my former directions, you may with much ease prick down any Peal of _Paradox_. PHOENIX. On five Bells. This Peal has Six score changes in it, which are Doubles and Singles; the tenor is the whole Hunt, and the fourth the half Hunt. Every bell lies twice before, and four times behind; every single change is made in second and thirds places, and every bell that comes into fourths place, lies there twice together, until the tenor comes behind; at which time, the fourth lying in the seconds place, the next single change is made in third and fourths places; but the tenor lying behind, and the fourth in thirds place, then the two next following single changes are in third and fourths places. 12345 21354 23154 32514 35214 53241 52341 25431 24531 42513 45213 54123 51423 15432 14532 41352 43152 34125 34215 43125 41325 14352 13452 31542 35142 53124 51324 15234 12534 21543 25143 52413 54213 45231 42531 24351 23451 32415 32145 23415 23145 32154 31254 13524 15324 51342 53142 35412 34512 43521 45321 54231 52431 25413 24513 42153 41253 14235 14325 41235 42135 24153 21453 12543 15243 51234 52134 25314 23514 32541 35241 53421 54321 45312 43512 34152 31452 13425 13245 31425 31245 13254 12354 21534 25134 52143 51243 15423 14523 41532 45132 54312 53412 35421 34521 43251 42351 24315 24135 42315 43215 34251 32451 23541 25341 52314 53214 35124 31524 13542 15342 51432 54132 45123 41523 14253 12453 21435 21345 12435 12345 London Pleasure on five Bells. In this Peal called _London Pleasure_, are Six-score changes, which are all single. It being a confused Peal to ring, I shall say nothing more of it, but expose it to view, as in the following changes. 12345 21345 21354 12354 12534 21534 25134 25314 23514 23154 23145 23415 23451 23541 25341 52341 52314 52134 51234 15234 15243 51243 52143 25143 21543 12543 12453 21453 24153 24513 25413 52413 52431 25431 24531 24351 24315 24135 21435 12435 14235 41235 41253 14253 14523 41523 45123 45213 42513 42153 42135 42315 42351 42531 45231 54231 54213 54123 51423 15423 ----- 15432 ----- 51432 54132 45132 41532 14532 14352 41352 43152 43512 45312 54312 54321 45321 43521 43251 43215 43125 41325 14325 13425 31425 31452 13452 13542 31542 35142 35412 34512 34152 34125 34215 34251 34521 35421 53421 53412 53142 51342 15342 15324 51324 53124 35124 31524 13524 13254 31254 32154 32514 35214 53214 53241 35241 32541 32451 32415 32145 31245 13245 ----- 12345 What you please. Doubles and Singles on 5 Bells. Every bell leads four times, and lies behind twice, except when the extream is made behind, and twice in the seconds place, except when the extream is before; and note, when the treble is before the fourth stroke, the single is in second and third, the next time the single is behind; but at other times, the single is in third and fourths places. When any bell leaves leading, the double change is on the two first, and two last, and the extreams are made by turns, first behind, then before, and so on to the end, for there are six extreams. 12345 21354 21534 25143 25413 52431 52341 53214 53124 35142 35412 34521 34251 43215 43125 41352 41532 14523 14253 12435 ----- 12453 21435 21345 23154 23514 32541 32451 34215 34125 43152 43512 45321 45231 54213 54123 51432 51342 15324 15234 12543 ----- 15243 51234 51324 53142 53412 35421 35241 32514 32154 23145 23415 24351 24531 42513 42153 41235 41325 14352 14532 15423 ----- 15432 51423 51243 52134 52314 25341 25431 24513 24153 42135 42315 43251 43521 34512 34152 31425 31245 13254 13524 15342 ----- 13542 31524 31254 32145 32415 23451 23541 25314 25134 52143 52413 54231 54321 45312 45132 41523 41253 14235 14325 13452 ----- 13425 31452 31542 35124 35214 53241 53421 54312 54132 45123 45213 42531 42351 24315 24135 21453 21543 12534 12354 13245 ----- 12345 Reading Doubles. On five Bells. In this Peal are Six-score changes, the treble is a Hunt; and note when treble is in thirds place hunting up, the two foremost bells dodge until it comes into the same place hunting downwards; and alwayes when the treble is going to lead, the four first bells makes the double change, if the third be behind; but if it be before, the double is on the two first and two last; every bell lieth twice behind, except when the treble goes to lead, if the third be before; and note, when it is 1, 3, 2, there is a single in second and thirds places, which is twice, once at the Three-score end, and Six-score end. 12345 21435 24153 42513 24531 42351 24315 42135 41253 14523 15432 51342 53124 35214 53241 35421 53412 35142 31524 13542 15324 51234 52143 25413 52431 25341 52314 25134 21543 12453 14235 41325 43152 34512 43521 34251 43215 34125 31452 13425 14352 41532 45123 54213 45231 54321 45312 54132 51423 15243 12534 21354 23145 32415 23451 32541 23514 32154 31245 13254 12354 21534 25143 52413 25431 52341 25314 52134 51243 15423 14532 41352 43125 34215 43251 34521 43512 34152 31425 13452 14325 41235 42153 24513 42531 24351 42315 24135 21453 12543 15234 51324 53142 35412 53421 35241 53214 35124 31542 13524 15342 51432 54123 45213 54231 45321 54312 45132 41523 14253 12435 21345 23154 32514 23541 32451 23415 32145 31254 13245 12345 Old Doubles. On five Bells. This Peal call'd _Old Doubles_, is to be rang on five bells, wherein are Six-score changes, which are all Doubles, except only when the whole Hunt leads, and then there is always a single change made. It has a whole Hunt, a half Hunt, and three extream bells; every bell leads twice together all the way, and lies twice behind, except only when the whole Hunt leads, and then the bell behind lies there four times together, unless the extream is made behind, and then but twice. Every bell hunts in a perfect course, until the whole Hunt leads, and then the single is to be made, at which time the bell in seconds place lies there twice (unless the extream is made in second and thirds place) and every single change is made in third and fourths places, except the extreams which are (in this Peal) made by the same rule and after the same manner, as I shewed before in the Six-score call'd Doubles and Singles on five bells. In making the single changes in third and fourths places, it is observed, that the bell which lies in fourths place (the change next before the single) is hunting up; and in making the single change, it does dodge with the bell in thirds place, and so hunts up behind; and likewise the bell that lies in thirds place (in the change next before the single) is hunting down, and in making the single it does dodge with the bell in fourths place, and then hunts directly down. In this following Peal, the treble is the whole Hunt, the second the half Hunt, and an extream change is alwayes made, when the half Hunt lies before the extream bells next to the whole Hunt; every extream is made between the two farthest extream bells from the half Hunt, as in the following changes. 12345 21435 24153 42513 45231 54321 53412 35142 31524 13254 13524 31254 32145 23415 24351 42531 45213 54123 51432 15342 15432 51342 53124 35214 32541 23451 24315 42135 41253 14523 14253 41523 45132 54312 53421 35241 32514 23154 21345 12435 12453 21543 25134 52314 53241 35421 34512 43152 41325 14235 14325 41235 42153 24513 25431 52341 53214 35124 31542 13452 13542 31452 34125 43215 42351 24531 25413 52143 51234 15324 15234 51324 53142 35412 34521 43251 42315 24135 21453 12543 12534 21354 23145 32415 34251 43521 45312 54132 51423 15243 15423 51243 52134 25314 23541 32451 34215 43125 41352 14532 14352 41532 45123 54213 52431 25341 23514 32154 31245 13425 13245 31425 34152 43512 45321 54231 52413 25143 21534 12354 12345 This Peal of _Old Doubles_, is grounded on the Twenty-four changes Doubles and Singles on four bells, which are made in a perfect course herein; every time the whole Hunt leads, there are two changes made in the Twenty-four; the half Hunt, and three extream bells, makes the Twenty-four changes, and every single change in this Peal, is a single change in the Twenty-four. This Peal may be rang Six-score several wayes; with one whole Hunt, and half Hunt, it is to be rang six wayes (i.e.) three wayes in hunting up the whole Hunt at the beginning of the Peal, and the other wayes in hunting it down; in which six wayes, the Extream Changes are to be made by the same rule, and in the same manner, as those in the Six-score Doubles and Singles on five Bells, and _Paradox_ before set down; so that with the twenty Hunts, it may be rang twenty times six wayes, which makes Six-score. In these Six-score wayes, the whole Hunt is before the Bells when every single Change is made; but it may be rang Six-score several wayes more, by making the single Changes when the whole Hunt lies behind them, which being never practised, I will say no more of it. For the convenience and benefit of the Practitioner, I have set down certain rules, shewing how to begin each Peal of _Old Doubles_ (with any Hunt) by the former course (i.e.) in making the single Changes, when the whole Hunt lies before the Bells, these Rules serving only for moving the whole Hunt at the beginning of each Peal, for it may be hunted either up or down. In hunting either the treble, third, or fifth Bells up, the first change is made between the four foremost Bells, thus.-- 12345 21435 --The treble down, the first change is single in third and fourths places, unless the half Hunt lies so, as that the Extream is to be made. --The third or fifth down, the first change is between the four hindmost Bells, thus.-- 12345 13254 --The second or fourth up, the first change is between the four hindmost Bells. --The second or fourth down, the first change between the four foremost Bells. In ringing any of these Peals, where the first change is made between the four hindmost Bells, it must be made at the Back-stroke, otherwise the Bells will cut Compass all the way; every double change is made either between the four foremost, or four hindmost bells. New Doubles. On five Bells. In this Peal of _New Doubles_, there are Six-score Changes, which are all double, except only when the whole Hunt leads, and then there is alwayes a single Change made; it has a whole Hunt, a half Hunt, and three Extream Bells. The whole Hunt has a perfect course in hunting up and down, and lies twice before, and twice behind. When the whole Hunt leaves the thirds place hunting up, then each Bell that comes into that place, lies there twice, and then moves up behind; and the Bells in treble and seconds places, does continue dodging from the time that the whole Hunt hunts up out of thirds place, until it comes into that place again hunting down; and that Bell which comes into thirds place (when the whole Hunt leaves it hunting down, lies there twice