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Title: The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick
       Including the Life by Jocelin, Hitherto Unpublished in America, and His Extant Writings


Author: Various

Editor: James O'Leary

Release Date: June 1, 2006  [eBook #18482]

Language: English

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THE MOST ANCIENT LIVES OF SAINT PATRICK;

Including the Life by Jocelin, Hitherto Unpublished in America,
and His Extant Writings.

Illustrated with the Most Ancient Engravings
of Our Great National Saint;

With a Preface and Chronological Table.
by
Rev. James O'Leary, D.D.

Fifth Edition.







[Frontispiece: Images of Saint Columba, Saint Patrick, and Saint
Brigida, Taken from the Spicilegium Sanctorum, and engraven at Paris,
A.D. 1629, by Messingham.]




New York:
P. J. Kenedy, No. 5 Barclay Street.
1880.
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1874, by
P. J. Kenedy,
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.




TO THE

RIGHT REV. T. W. CROKE, D.D.,

Bishop of Auckland, New Zealand,

HOPING THAT HE MAY YET BE SET DOWN AS

The St. Patrick of New Zealand,

FROM HIS FORMER PUPIL, COLABORER, AND COMPANION,

J. O'LEARY.




TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface

The Confession of St. Patrick

St. Patrick's Epistle to Coroticus

St. Fiech's Metrical Life of St. Patrick

Tripartite Life: Part I

Tripartite Life: Part II

Tripartite Life: Part III

The Proeme of Jocelyn

The Life and Acts of St. Patrick by Jocelin

   CHAPTER

         I
        II  How a Fountain burst forth, and how Sight
            and Learning were given to the Blind.
       III  Of the Stone of Saint Patrick.
        IV  Of the Well dried up.
         V  How he produced Fire from Ice.
        VI  How the Sister of St. Patrick was healed.
       VII  How he restored to Life his Foster-Father.
      VIII  Of the Sheep released from the Wolf.
        IX  Of the Cow freed from an Evil Spirit,
            and Five other Cows restored to Health.
         X  Of the Water turned into Honey, and of his Nurse
            restored to Health.
        XI  How the Fort was Cleansed.
       XII  Of the Religious Conversation of Saint Patrick.
      XIII  How Saint Patrick was Carried into Ireland.
       XIV  Of Milcho's Dream, and of its Interpretation.
        XV  Of the Angel Victor appearing to Saint Patrick.
       XVI  How St. Patrick was Redeemed from Slavery.
      XVII  How he Relieved those who were Perishing of Hunger.
     XVIII  Of his Fast continued for Twenty Days.
       XIX  How he Overcame the Temptation of the Enemy.
        XX  How he was again made Captive, and released
            by the Miracle of the Kettle.
       XXI  Of Saint Patrick's Vision.
      XXII  How he dwelt with the blessed Germanus, and how
            he received the Habit from Saint Martin.
     XXIII  Of the Flesh-meat changed into Fishes.
      XXIV  How in his Journey to Rome he Found the Staff of Jesus.
       XXV  How he Journeyed unto Rome, and was made a Bishop;
            and of Palladius, the Legate of Ireland.
      XXVI  How he Saw and Saluted the Lord.
     XXVII  Of the Miraculous Voyage of the Leper.
    XXVIII  How he beheld Devils.
      XXIX  Of the River sentenced to perpetual Sterility.
       XXX  How the Dry Land was turned into a Marsh.
      XXXI  Of his coming into Ulidia, and of the Prophecy
            of the Magicians on his coming.
     XXXII  How a Fierce Dog was suddenly Tamed;
            of the Conversion of Dichu; and how a Fountain
            rose out of the Earth.
    XXXIII  Of the Evil-doer Swallowed up by the Earth.
     XXXIV  Of the Aged Man restored unto his Youth.
      XXXV  Of the Death of Rius.
     XXXVI  Of the Death of Milcho.
    XXXVII  Of the Holy Mochna.
   XXXVIII  Of the Hostages of Dichu which were Freed by an Angel.
     XXXIX  Of Saint Benignus, and of the Prophecy which was made of him.
        XL  The Fire that was Lighted by Patrick.
       XLI  Of the Holy Man named Hercus.
      XLII  How the Magician was Destroyed.
     XLIII  Of the Miraculous but Terrible Rescue of Saint Patrick.
      XLIV  How the Saint Escaped the Deadly Snares.
       XLV  Of the Poison mingled in the Wine.
      XLVI  Of the Fantastic Snow.
     XLVII  How the Darkness was Dispersed.
    XLVIII  How the Magician and his Garment were consumed, and
            Benignus and the Garment of St. Patrick preserved unhurt.
      XLIX  Of Many who were Swallowed up by the Earth, and how
            the rest were Converted unto God.
         L  Of the Sisters and the Nephews of St. Patrick.
        LI  How Saint Lumanus Sailed against the Wind and the Stream.
       LII  How Forkernus and his Parents were Converted and Baptized.
      LIII  Of the Prophecy of St. Patrick on Coyrbre,
            and of the Unfruitfulness of a River.
       LIV  Of Conallus, and of the Prophecy of Patrick concerning him.
        LV  Of the Altar of Saint Patrick.
       LVI  Of the Images destroyed from Heaven, and
            of the Fountain produced from the Earth.
      LVII  How the Darkness was Dispersed.
     LVIII  Of the Virgins who went unto Heaven.
       LIX  Of the Magician Struck by Lightning,
            and of Twelve Thousand Men Converted unto Christ.
        LX  Of another Magician whom the Earth swallowed up.
       LXI  How another Magician is Sunken up to the Ears,
            and again is Raised up.
      LXII  How a huge Stone was raised by the Saint.
     LXIII  How the Women were raised from Death.
      LXIV  Two Women who were pregnant are with their Infants
            rescued from Death unto Life.
       LXV  How he builded a Church of Clay alone.
      LXVI  Of the two Rivers, Dubh and Drobhaois.
     LXVII  Of the Voice that issued from the Sepulchre.
    LXVIII  Of his Journey, and of his manifold Miracles.
      LXIX  The Prophecy of the Saint Concerning Dublinia;
            and the Sick Man cured.
       LXX  A Fountain is produced out of the Earth.
      LXXI  The Dead are raised up; the King and the People are
            converted; a Fountain is produced, and Tribute promised.
     LXXII  Of the Sentence pronounced on Murinus.
    LXXIII  Foylge is punished with a double Death, and the
            deceiving Fiend is driven out of his body.
     LXXIV  Of the Saint's Prophecy concerning the Kings of Momonia.
      LXXV  How Dercardius and his Companions were destroyed.
     LXXVI  Of the Quarrel of the Two Brothers.
    LXXVII  Fourteen Thousand Men are miraculously refreshed
            with the Meat of Five Animals.
   LXXVIII  Nineteen Men are raised by Saint Patrick from the Dead.
     LXXIX  The King's Daughter becomes a Nun.
      LXXX  The King Echu is raised from Death.
     LXXXI  A Man of Gigantic Stature is revived from Death.
    LXXXII  Of Another Man who was Buried and Raised Again.
   LXXXIII  Of the Boy who was torn in pieces by Swine
            and restored unto Life.
    LXXXIV  The Prayers of the Saint confer Beauty on an Ugly Man.
     LXXXV  The Stature of the same Man is increased unto
            a sufficient Height.
    LXXXVI  Of Saint Olcanus, the Teacher and Bishop,
            raised out of the Earth.
   LXXXVII  How the Tooth of Saint Patrick shone in the River.
  LXXXVIII  The Saint Prophesieth of the Virgin Treha,
            and a Veil is placed on her Head by an Angel.
    LXXXIX  Saint Patrick Prophesieth of the Sanctity
            of Saint Columba.
        XC  The River is Divided in Twain, and Blessed.
       XCI  The Prophecy that Patrick made unto Connedus.
      XCII  Of Mannia and the other Islands Converted unto God.
     XCIII  Of the Saint's Prophecy concerning Six Priests,
            and of a Skin which he bestowed to them.
      XCIV  Saint Patrick Continueth his Preaching Three Days.
       XCV  Of the Vision of the Blessed Brigida,
            and its Explanation.
      XCVI  Of the Angels of God, of the Heavenly Light,
            and of the Prophecy of Saint Patrick.
     XCVII  The Temptation of the Nun is Subdued.
    XCVIII  Of Saint Comhgallus, and the Monastery foreshowed
            of Heaven.
      XCIX  The Saint Prophesieth of the Obstinate Fergus
            and of his Children.
         C  The Malediction of the Saint is laid upon the Stones
            of Usniach.
        CI  Of the Woman in Travail, and of her Offspring.
       CII  The Bishop Saint Mel catcheth Fishes on the Dry Land.
      CIII  The Footprints of Certain Virgins are impressed on a Stone.
       CIV  The Earth is raised in the midst of the Stream.
        CV  Of the Altar and the Four Chalices discovered under
            the Earth.
       CVI  A Treasure is Twice discovered in the Earth by Swine.
      CVII  Saint Patrick prophesieth of the two Brothers.
     CVIII  The Penitence of Asycus the Bishop.
       CIX  The Tempest of the Sea is Composed.
        CX  The Miracle of the Waters is Repeated.
       CXI  Of the Cowl of Saint Patrick which remained untouched
            by the Sea.
      CXII  Of the Veil that was sent from Heaven.
     CXIII  Of the Holy Leper, of the New Fountain,
            of the Angelic Attendance, and the Prophecy
            of Patrick thereon.
      CXIV  Of the Lake which was removed by Saint Patrick.
       CXV  Patrick understandeth the Conscience
            of Saint Fiechus, and blesseth him.
      CXVI  The Chariot is, by the Decision of the Angel,
            sent unto Fiechus.
     CXVII  The Several Offices of a certain Monastery are
            appointed by an Angel.
    CXVIII  The Prophecy of Saint Patrick concerning the
            Men of Callria.
      CXIX  Certain Cheeses are converted into Stones,
            and many Wicked Men are drowned.
       CXX  Of the Pitfalls passed over without danger,
            and the Prophecies of the Saint.
      CXXI  The Prophecy of the Saint on a Certain Village.
     CXXII  The Sentence prophetically declared.
    CXXIII  The Prophecy of the Saint on a Certain Bishop
            and on the one who consecrated him.
     CXXIV  The Blind Man is restored to Sight; from him
            who seeeth is Sight taken; and three are relieved
            of Lameness.
      CXXV  Nine Evil-doers are consumed by Fire from Heaven,
            and a Fountain is produced out of the Earth.
     CXXVI  Another Magician is in like manner Consumed.
    CXXVII  A Grove is cursed by the Saint.
   CXXVIII  The Sentence pronounced by the Saint on his Deceivers.
     CXXIX  A Mountain is swallowed up in the Earth,
            and again it is raised.
      CXXX  Euchodius is cursed by the Saint, and his Son is blessed.
     CXXXI  Of Saint Sennachus the Bishop.
    CXXXII  The Miracle which is worked for Certain Hewers of Wood.
   CXXXIII  A Hone is divided by Saint Patrick, and the Oppressor
            is drowned.
    CXXXIV  An Angel foretelleth to Patrick of Saint Moccheus.
     CXXXV  The Sentence pronounced by Patrick on Moccheus.
    CXXXVI  The Saint prophesieth of two Brothers,
            and a Fountain is produced out of the Earth.
   CXXXVII  The Saint Prophesieth of a Certain Youth.
  CXXXVIII  Of Conallus and of his Shield.
    CXXXIX  A Heavenly Light shineth around Saint Patrick,
            and Victor is converted unto the Faith.
       CXL  A Certain Cymbal of Saint Patrick is lost and
            found again.
      CXLI  The Obedience of Saint Volchanus.
     CXLII  Of Saint Rodanus, the Herdsman of Patrick.
    CXLIII  Of Saint Kertennus, the Bishop of Clochor.
     CXLIV  Of a Boy who was blessed by Saint Patrick.
      CXLV  Of a Woman who was raised from Death.
     CXLVI  The Testimony of One who was revived from Death.
    CXLVII  The Cross that was not observed; and the Voice
            which issued from the Sepulchre.
   CXLVIII  A Goat bleateth in the Stomach of a Thief.
     CXLIX  Of the Cloaks which fell from Heaven.
        CL  A wicked Tyrant is transformed into a Fox.
       CLI  The wicked Man Machaldus and his Companions
            are converted unto the Faith.
      CLII  The Penitence of Machaldus.
     CLIII  A Meadow is overflowed by the Sea.
      CLIV  A Stone is changed into Milk, and Milk is changed
            into Stones.
       CLV  A Wagon laden with Twigs is saved from the Fire.
      CLVI  The Saint is preserved untouched from the falling Rain.
     CLVII  The Fingers of Saint Patrick shine with Light.
    CLVIII  Fire is also seen to issue from his Mouth.
      CLIX  The holy Virgin Memhessa departeth unto God.
       CLX  Of the Work which was done in the Lord's Day.
      CLXI  A certain Man is healed, and a Horse revived,
            in a place which is called Feart.
     CLXII  Of the Vessel which was given unto Saint Patrick,
            and again taken from him.
    CLXIII  Ardmachia is given unto Saint Patrick; and a Fountain
            is produced out of the Earth.
     CLXIV  The Saint beholdeth a Vision of Angels, and cureth
            Sixteen Lepers.
      CLXV  Of the City of Ardmachia, and Twelve of its Citizens.
     CLXVI  At the Direction of the Angels Saint Patrick goeth
            unto Rome.
    CLXVII  The Acts of Saint Patrick while returning from Rome.
   CLXVIII  The Acts of St. Patrick after he had Returned.
     CLXIX  Of the Threefold Plagues of Hibernia.
      CLXX  The Threefold Plague is driven out of Hibernia
            by Saint Patrick.
     CLXXI  Without Earthly Food the Saint completeth a Fast
            of Forty Days.
    CLXXII  He banisheth the Demons forth of the Island.
   CLXXIII  Troops of Angels appear unto the Saint.
    CLXXIV  The Saint titheth Hibernia and the Dwellers therein.
     CLXXV  The different States of Hibernia are in a Heavenly
            Vision shown unto the Saint.
    CLXXVI  The Answer of Saint Patrick to Secundinus.
   CLXXVII  Secundinus composeth a Hymn in Honor of Saint Patrick.
  CLXXVIII  The Soul of a Certain Sinner is by Saint Patrick
            freed from Demons.
    CLXXIX  How the Saint appeared unto Colmanus while singing
            his Hymn.
     CLXXX  The Admirable Contemplations of the Saint.
    CLXXXI  Saint Patrick beholdeth the Souls of the Rich and
            of the poor Man sent unto different Places.
   CLXXXII  Saint Vinvaloeus is miraculously stayed by Saint
            Patrick from his purposed Journey.
  CLXXXIII  The Daily Prayers and Genuflexions of the Saint.
   CLXXXIV  How he passed the Night Season.
    CLXXXV  The Habit, the Bearing, and the Acts of Saint Patrick.
   CLXXXVI  Of the Sick whom he healed, and the Dead whom he
            raised; and of his Disciples who recorded his Acts.
  CLXXXVII  The Angelic Voice showeth unto Saint Patrick of his
            Death and of the Place of his Burial.
 CLXXXVIII  The Place of his Sepulture is foreshown by a Light
            from Heaven.
   CLXXXIX  Saint Brigida bringeth unto Saint Patrick the Garment
            which was to enshroud his Body.
       CXC  The Death of Saint Patrick.
      CXCI  The Number of the Years of his Life.
     CXCII  The Funeral Honors which Men and Angels paid unto
            the Body of the Saint.
    CXCIII  The Light continueth for Twelve Days.
     CXCIV  The Miraculous Rising of the Sea between
            the Contending People.
      CXCV  Two Wains appear, the which are sent by a Miracle.
     CXCVI  The Sepulture of Saint Patrick in the City of Dunum.

A Chronological Table to the Lives of St. Patrick




ILLUSTRATIONS

Images of Saint Columba, Saint Patrick, and Saint Brigida,
  Taken from the Spicilegium Sanctorum, and engraven at Paris,
  A.D. 1629, by Messingham. . . . . . . _Frontispiece_

The Saint Patrick of Ancient Ages

The Saint Patrick of Medieval Times

The Saint Patrick of Our Own Century




PREFACE.

The present volume has three objects in view: first, to present the
life of Saint Patrick without writing a history of the national church
which he founded or introducing irrelevant matter; secondly, to place
his life and character before the reader as they have been handed down
to us in the most ancient extant documents, without overcoating or
withholding anything in the originals; and, thirdly, to deliver to the
public at as low a price as possible the original documents grouped
together.

At first I had intended to present the Seven Lives of St. Patrick as
published by Colgan; but, to my knowledge, there is no copy of the
_Acta Triadis Thaumaturgae_ in this country, and the four lives which I
have omitted--that is, by Benignus, Patrick Junior, Eiselan the Wise,
and Probus--are of little consequence.  The metrical life by St. Fiech
is undoubtedly the most ancient and the most removed from saintly
imaginings of miracles.  The other two, that by Saint MacEvin and that
by Jocelin, appear to have been elaborate compendiums of stories
written in antecedent ages, and extant in their time, concerning Saint
Patrick.  Of the life by Saint Fiech I have made a rude translation
corresponding with the original; of the Tripartite I have given
Professor Hennessy's version; and of the extraordinary biography by
Jocelin I reproduce, for the first time in this country, the rendering
from Colgan by Mr. Swift, as published by the Hibernia Press Company,
at Dublin, in 1809.  Colgan's Latin version of the Life of Saint
Patrick by Jocelin is given by the Bollandists, and may be seen in many
libraries in this country; but the original Lives, as published at
Louvain, are at the Irish College in Rome and at Trinity College,
Dublin.  A copy may be found elsewhere, but, if so, it is exceedingly
valuable, forasmuch as it is exceedingly rare.  The Life of Saint
Patrick by Saint Fiech will convey an estimate of his character about
the time of his death; the Tripartite life by Saint MacEvin will
probably impart the notions of the eighth century; and the life by
Jocelin will communicate the exaggerations of mediaeval times in the
twelfth century.  The public will thus have fairly placed before them
the thoughts of ages about Saint Patrick through seven centuries after
his death.  I supply the reader with the Confession and Epistle
attributed to Saint Patrick, though I incline to the opinion that they
are the issue of an age subsequent to that of Ireland's Saint.  The
Chronotaxis or Chronological Table at the end of the book I have made
out from the work by the Bollandists, which seems to have been prepared
with scholarly and judicious diligence.

Of the illustrations, it is to be stated that the one prefixed to the
life of St. Fiech has been an heirloom in the family of Counsellor
Shechan, of this city, and is taken from an old Irish prayer-book,
supposed to be between three and five hundred years old.  The
frontispiece and the illustration fronting the Tripartite Life are
taken from the Spicelegium, were engraved by Messengham, with the
approbation of the French King and the Paris Archbishop, at Paris, in
1629, and were reproduced at Dublin in 1809.  They are now re-engraved
for the first time in this country.  The illustration prefixed to the
life by Jocelin is of ancient date, and supposed to have been suggested
by the representation of St. Patrick in the Kilkenny Cathedral.

I hold myself responsible in no way whatsoever for the statements of
St. Fiech, St. MacEvin, or Jocelin, but I present to the reader what
they asserted they had received from antiquity.  Their narratives may
be pronounced fables, or legends, or inventions, or superstitions, or
histories.  On their intrinsic merits I am silent, except inasmuch as
they breathe a firm belief in the omnipresence of God amongst men,
strangely at variance with the lifeless, frosty indifference of our own
day, and are, in addition, savored with a holy heat of charity and a
high moral tone.  Without comment, then, from me, I present to you in
America, kind readers, Saint Patrick, the Apostle and Patron of Ireland
and the Irish race, as I received him from my ancestors.  I neither
overstate, nor under-estimate, nor withheld anything.  Judge for
yourselves.

REV. JAMES O'LEARY, D.D.




THE CONFESSION OF ST. PATRICK.


_THE BEGINNING OF THE BOOKS OF THE BISHOP ST. PATRICK._

I, Patrick, a sinner, the rudest and least of all the faithful, and
most contemptible to very many, had for my father Calpornius, a deacon,
the son of Potitus, a priest, who lived in Bannaven Taberniae, for he
had a small country-house close by, where I was taken captive when I
was nearly sixteen years of age.  I knew not the true God, and I was
brought captive to Ireland with many thousand men, as we deserved; for
we had forsaken God, and had not kept His commandments, and were
disobedient to our priests, who admonished us for our salvation.  And
the Lord brought down upon us the anger of His Spirit, and scattered us
among many nations, even to the ends of the earth, where now my
littleness may be seen amongst strangers.  And there the Lord showed me
my unbelief, that at length I might remember my iniquities, and
strengthen my whole heart towards the Lord my God, who looked down upon
my humiliation, and had pity upon my youth and ignorance, and kept me
before I knew him, and before I had wisdom or could distinguish between
good and evil, and strengthened and comforted me as a father would his
son.

Therefore I cannot and ought not to be silent concerning the great
benefits and graces which the Lord has bestowed upon me in the land of
my captivity, since the only return we can make for such benefits is,
after God has reproved us, to extol and confess His wonders before
every nation under heaven.

For there is no other God, nor ever was, nor shall be hereafter, except
the Lord, the unbegotten Father, without beginning, by whom all things
have their being, who upholds all things, as we have said; and His Son,
Jesus Christ, whom, together with the Father, we testify to have always
existed before the origin of the world, spiritually with the Father,
ineffably begotten before every beginning; and by Him were the visible
things made--was made man, death being overthrown, in the heavens.  And
he hath given Him all power over every name of things in heaven and
earth and hell, that every tongue should confess to Him that Jesus
Christ is Lord, and whose coming we expect ere long to judge the living
and dead; who will render to every one according to his works; who hath
poured forth abundantly on us both the gift of His Spirit and the
pledge of immortality; who makes the faithful and obedient to become
the sons of God and coheirs with Christ; whom we confess and adore one
God in the Trinity of the holy Name.  For He Himself has said by the
prophet: "Call upon me in the day of thy trouble: I will deliver thee,
and thou shalt magnify me."  And again he says: "It is honorable to
reveal and confess the works of God."

Although I am imperfect in many things, I wish my brothers and
acquaintances to know my dispositions, that they may be able to
understand the desire of my soul.  I am not ignorant of the testimony
of my Lord, who declares in the psalm: "Thou wilt destroy all that
speak a lie."  And again: "The mouth that belieth, killeth the soul."
And the same Lord: "Every idle word that men shall speak, they shall
render an account for it in the Day of Judgment."  Therefore I ought,
with great fear and trembling, to dread this sentence in that day when
no one shall be able to withdraw or hide himself, but all must give an
account, even of the least sins, before the judgment-seat of the Lord
Christ.

Therefore, although I thought of writing long ago, I feared the censure
of men, because I had not learned as the others who studied the sacred
writings in the best way, and have never changed their language since
their childhood, but continually learned it more perfectly, while I
have to translate my words and speech into a foreign tongue; and it can
be easily proved from the style of my writings how I am instructed in
speech and learning, for the Wise Man says: "By the tongue wisdom is
discerned, and understanding and knowledge and learning by the word of
the wise."  But what avails an excuse, however true, especially when
accompanied with presumption?  For I, in my old age, strive after that
which I was hindered from learning in my youth.  But who will believe
me?  And if I say what I have said before, that as a mere youth, nay,
almost a boy in words, I was taken captive, before I knew what I ought
to seek and to avoid.  Therefore I blush to-day and greatly dread to
expose my ignorance, because I am not able to express myself briefly,
with clear and well-arranged words, as the spirit desires and the mind
and intellect point out.  But if it had been given to me as to others,
I would not have been silent for the recompense; and although it may
seem to some who think thus that I put myself forward with my ignorance
and too slow tongue, nevertheless it is written, "The tongues of
stammerers shall speak readily and plain"; how much more ought we to
undertake this who are the epistle of Christ for salvation unto the
ends of the earth, written in pure heart, if not with eloquence, yet
with power and endurance, "not written with ink, but with the Spirit of
the living God"; and again the Spirit testifies, "Husbandry, it was
ordained by the Most High."

Therefore I undertook this work at first, though a rustic and a
fugitive, and not knowing how to provide for the future; but this I
know for certain: that before I was humbled, I was like a stone lying
in deep mire, until He who is powerful came, and in his mercy raised me
up, and indeed again succored and placed me in His part; and therefore
I ought to cry out loudly, and thank the Lord in some degree for all
his benefits, here and after, which the mind of man cannot estimate.
Therefore be amazed, both great and small who fear God; rhetoricians
and ye of the Lord, hear and enquire who aroused me, a fool, from the
midst of those who seem to be wise, and skilled in the law, and
powerful in speech and in all things, and hath inspired me (if indeed I
be such) beyond others, though I am despised by this world, so that,
with fear and reverence and without murmuring, I should faithfully
serve this nation, to whom the charity of Christ hath transferred me,
and given me for my life, if I shall survive; and that at last with
humility and truth I should serve them.

In the measure, therefore, of the faith of the Trinity it behoves me to
distinguish without shrinking from danger, and to make known the gift
of God and everlasting consolation, and, without fear, confidently to
spread abroad the name of God everywhere, so that after my death I may
leave it to my Gallican brethren and to my sons, many thousands of whom
I have baptized in the Lord.  And I was neither worthy nor deserving
that the Lord should so favor me, his servant, after such afflictions
and great difficulties, after captivity, after many years, as to grant
me such grace for this nation--a thing which, still in my youth, I had
neither hoped for nor thought of.

But after I had come to Ireland, I was daily tending sheep, and I
prayed frequently during the day, and the love of God, and His faith
and fear, increased in me more and more, and the spirit was stirred; so
that in a single day I have said as many as a hundred prayers, and in
the night nearly the same; so that I remained in the woods, and on the
mountain, even before the dawn, I was roused to prayer, in snow, and
ice, and rain, and I felt no injury from it, nor was there any
slothfulness in me, as I see now, because the spirit was then fervent
in me.  And there one night I heard a voice, while I slept, saying to
me: "Thou dost fast well; fasting thou shalt soon go to thy country."
And again, after a very short time, I heard a response, saying to me:
"Behold, thy ship is ready."  And the place was not near, but perhaps
about two hundred miles distant, and I had never been there, nor did I
know any one who lived there.

Soon after this, I fled, and left the man with whom I had been six
years, and I came in the strength of the Lord, who directed my way for
good; and I feared nothing until I arrived at that ship.  And the day
on which I came the ship had moved out of her place; and I asked to go
and sail with them, but the master was displeased, and replied angrily:
"Do not seek to go with us."  And when I heard this, I went from them
to go thither where I had lodged; and I began to pray as I went; but
before I had ended my prayer, I heard one of them calling out loudly
after me, "Come quickly, for these men are calling you"; and I returned
to them immediately, and they began saying to me; "Come, we receive
thee in good faith; make such friendship with us as you wish."  And
then that day I disdained to supplicate them, on account of the fear of
God; but I hoped of them that they would come into the faith of Jesus
Christ, for they were Gentiles; and this I obtained from them; and
after three days, we reached land, and for twenty-eight days we
journeyed through a desert, and their provisions failed, and they
suffered greatly from hunger; and one day the master began to say to
me: "What sayest thou, O Christian?  Your God is great and
all-powerful; why canst thou not, then, pray for us, since we are
perishing with hunger, and may never see the face of man again?"  And I
said to them plainly: "Turn sincerely to the Lord my God, to whom
nothing is impossible, that He may send us food on your way until ye
are satisfied, for it abounds everywhere for Him."  And with God's help
it was so done; for, lo! a flock of swine appeared in the way before
our eyes, and they killed many of them, and remained there two nights,
much refreshed and filled with their flesh; for many of them had been
left exhausted by the wayside.  After this, they gave the greatest
thanks to God, and I was honored in their eyes.

They also found wild honey, and offered me some of it, and one of them
said: "This is offered in sacrifice, thanks be to God"; after this, I
tasted no more.  But the same night, while I was sleeping, I was
strongly tempted by Satan (of which I shall be mindful as long as I
shall be in this body), and there fell, as it were, a great stone upon
me, and there was no strength in my limbs.  And then it came into my
mind, I know not bow, to call upon Elias, and at the same moment I saw
the sun rising in the heavens; and while I cried out Elias with all my
might, behold! the splendor of the sun was shed upon me, and
immediately shook from me all heaviness.  And I believe that Christ my
Lord cried out for me; and I hope that it will be so in the day of my
adversity, as the Lord testifies in the Gospel: "It is not you that
speak," etc.

Some time after, I was taken captive; and on the first night I remained
with them I heard a divine response, saying: "You shall be two months
with them"; and so it was.  On the sixtieth night the Lord delivered me
out of their hands, and on the road He provided for us food, and fire,
and dry weather daily, until on the fourteenth day we all came.  As I
have above mentioned, we journeyed twenty-eight days through a desert,
and on the night of our arrival we had no provisions left.

And again, after a few years, I was with my relations in Britain, who
received me as a son, and earnestly besought me that then, at least,
after I had gone through so many tribulations, I would go nowhere from
them.  And there I saw, in the midst of the night, a man who appeared
to come from Ireland, whose name was Victorious, and he had innumerable
letters with him, one of which he gave to me; and I read the
commencement of the epistle containing "The Voice of the Irish"; and as
I read aloud the beginning of the letter, I thought I heard in my mind
the voice of those who were near the wood of Focluti, which is near the
western sea; and they cried out: "We entreat thee, holy youth, to come
and walk still amongst us."  And my heart was greatly touched, so that
I could not read any more, and so I awoke.  Thanks be to God that,
after very many years, the Lord hath granted them their desire!

And on another night, whether in me or near me God knows, I heard
eloquent words which I could not understand until the end of the
speech, when it was said: "He who gave His life for thee is He who
speaks in thee"; and so I awoke full of joy.  And again, I saw one
praying within me, and I was, as it were, within my body, and I heard,
that is, above the inner man, and there he prayed earnestly with
groans.  And I was amazed at this, and marvelled, and considered who
this could be who prayed in me.  But at the end of the prayer it came
to pass that it was a bishop, and I awoke and remembered that the
apostle said: "Likewise the Spirit also helpeth our infirmity, for we
know not what we should pray for as we ought, but the Spirit Himself
asketh for us with unspeakable groanings."  And again: "The Lord is our
advocate, who also maketh intercession for us."  [And when I was tried
by some of my elders, who came and spoke of my sins as an objection to
my laborious episcopate, I was on that day sometimes strongly driven to
fall away here and for ever.  But the Lord spared a proselyte and a
stranger for His name's sake, and mercifully assisted me greatly in
that affliction, because I was not entirely deserving of reproach.  I
pray God that they may not be found guilty of giving an occasion of
sin; they found me after thirty years, and brought against me words
that I had confessed before I was a deacon; from anxiety, with sorrow
of mind, I told my dearest friend what I had done in my youth, in one
day, nay, rather in one hour, because I was not then able to overcome.
I know not, God knows, if I was then fifteen years of age, and from my
childhood I did not believe in the living God, but remained in death
and unbelief until I was severely chastised, and, in truth, I have been
humbled by hunger and nakedness; and even now I did not come to Ireland
of my own will until I was nearly worn out.  But this proved a blessing
to me, for I was thus corrected by the Lord, and he made me fit to be
to-day that which was once far from my thoughts, so that I should care
for the salvation of others, for at that time I had no thought even for
myself.

And in the night of the day in which I was reproved for the things
above mentioned, I saw in the night.] I saw in a vision of the night a
writing without honor before me.  And then I heard an answer saying to
me, "We have heard with displeasure the face of the elect without a
name."  He did not say, "Thou hast badly seen," but "We have badly
seen," as if he had there joined himself to me, as he said: "He that
touches you is as he who toucheth the apple of my eye."  Therefore I
give thanks to Him who comforted me in all things that He did not
hinder me from the journey which I had proposed, and also as regards my
work which I had learned of Christ.  But from this thing I felt no
little strength, and my faith was approved before God and man.

Therefore I dare to say that my conscience does not reproach me now or
for the future.  I have the testimony of God now that I have not lied
in the words I have told you.  [But I feel the more grieved that my
dearest friend, to whom I would have trusted even my life, should have
occasioned this.  And I learned from certain brethren that, before this
defence, when I was not present, nor even in Britain, and with which I
had nothing to do, that he defended me in my absence.  He had even said
to me with his own lips: "Thou art going to be given the rank of
bishop," though I was not worthy of it.  How, then, did it happen to
him that afterwards, before all persons, good and bad, he should
detract me publicly, when he had before this freely and gladly praised
me?  And the Lord, who is greater than all?  I have said enough.
Still, I ought not to hide the gift of God which he gave me in the land
of my captivity, for I sought him earnestly then, and found him there,
and He preserved me from all iniquity, I believe, through the
indwelling of His Spirit, which worketh within me unto this day more
and more.  But God knows, if it were man who spoke this to me, I would
perhaps be silent for the love of Christ.

Therefore I give unceasing thanks to my God, who preserved me faithful
in the day of my temptation, so that I can to-day offer him sacrifice
confidently--the living sacrifice of my soul to Christ my Lord, who
preserved me from all my troubles, so that I may say to Him: "Who am I,
O Lord! or what is my calling, that divine grace should have so wrought
with me, so that to-day I can so rejoice amongst the nations, and
magnify Thy name, wherever I am, not only in prosperity, but also in
adversity?" and I ought to receive equally whatever happens to me,
whether good or evil, giving God thanks in all things, who hath shown
me that I should, undoubtingly, without ceasing, believe in Him who
hath heard me though I am ignorant, and that I should undertake, in
those days, so holy and wonderful a work, and imitate those of whom our
Lord predicted of old that they should preach His Gospel to all nations
for a testimony before the end of the world; which has been
accomplished, as we have seen.  Behold, we are witnesses that the
Gospel has been preached to the limits of human habitation.]

But it is too long to detail my labors particularly, or even partially.
I will briefly say how the good God often delivered me from slavery and
from twelve dangers by which my soul was threatened, besides many
snares, and what in words I cannot express, and with which I will not
trouble my readers.  But God knows all things, even before they come to
pass [as he does me, a poor creature.  Therefore the divine voice very
often admonished me to consider whence came this wisdom, which was not
in me, who neither knew God nor the number of my days.  Whence did I
obtain afterwards the great and salutary gift to know or love God, and
to leave my country and my relations, although many gifts were offered
to me with sorrow and tears.  And I offended many of my seniors then
against my will.  But, guided by God, I yielded in no way to them--not
to me, but to God be the glory, who conquered in me, and resisted them
all; so that I came to the Irish people to preach the Gospel, and bear
with the injuries of the unbelieving, and listen to the reproach of
being a stranger, and endure many persecutions, even to chains, and to
give up my freedom for the benefit of others.  And if I be worthy, I am
ready to give up my life unhesitatingly and most cheerfully for His
name, and thus, if the Lord permit, I desire to spend it even until my
death.]

For I am truly a debtor to God, who has given me so much grace that
many people should be born again to God through me, and that for them
everywhere should be ordained priests for this people, newly come to
the faith, which the Lord took from the ends of the earth, as He
promised formerly by His prophets: "Our fathers falsely prepared idols,
and there is no profit in them, to thee the Gentiles come and will
say."  And again: "I have set thee to be the light of the Gentiles,
that thou mayest be for salvation unto the utmost parts of the earth."
And thus I wait the promise of Him who never fails, as He promises in
the Gospel: "They shall come from the east and the west [from the north
and from the south], and shall sit down with Abraham and Isaac and
Jacob."  So we believe that the faithful shall come from all parts of
the world.

Therefore we ought to fish well and diligently; as the Lord taught and
said: "Come ye after me, and I will make you fishers of men."  And
again: "Behold, saith the Lord, I send many fishers and many hunters,"
etc.  Therefore we should, by all means, set our nets in such a manner
that a great multitude and a crowd may be caught therein for God, and
that everywhere there may be priests who shall baptize and exhort a
people who so need it and desire it; as the Lord teaches and admonishes
in the Gospel, saying: "Going, therefore, teach ye all nations,
baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy
Ghost, even to the consummation of the world."  And again: "Go ye into
the whole world, and preach the Gospel to every creature; he that
believeth and is baptized shall be saved, but he that believeth not
shall be condemned."  The rest are examples.  [And again: "This Gospel
of the kingdom shall be preached in the whole world for a testimony to
all nations, and then shall the consummation come."  And again, the
Lord, speaking by the prophet, says: "And it shall come to pass in the
last days, saith the Lord, that I will pour out my spirit upon all
flesh, and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, your old men
shall dream dreams, and your young men shall see visions.  Moreover,
upon my servants and handmaids in those days I will pour forth my
spirit, and they shall prophesy."  And Osee saith: "And I will say to
that which was not my people: Thou art my people: and to her who hath
not found mercy; and they shall say; Thou art my God.  And in the place
where I said to them, You are not my people, it shall be said to them,
Ye are the sons of the living God."]

Wherefore behold how in Ireland they who never had the knowledge _of
God_, and hitherto only worshipped unclean idols, have lately become
the people of the Lord, and are called the sons of God.  The sons of
the Scoti and the daughters of princes are seen to be monks and virgins
of Christ.  [And there was one blessed Irish maiden, of adult age,
noble and very beautiful, whom I baptized, and after a few days she
came to us for a reason, and gave us to understand that she had
received a command from God, and was informed that she was to become a
virgin of Christ, and to draw near to God.  Thanks be to God, six days
after this she most excellently and eagerly entered on this state of
life, which all the virgins of God now adopt, even against the will of
their parents, even enduring reproaches and persecution from them, and
notwithstanding they increase in number; and as for those who are born
again in this way, we know not their number, except the widows and
those who observe continency.  But those who are in slavery are most
severely persecuted, yet they persevere in spite of terrors and
threats.  But the Lord has given grace to many of my handmaids, for
they zealously imitate him as far as they are able.

Therefore, though I could have wished to leave them, and had been ready
and very desirous to go to Britannia, as if to my country and parents,
and not that alone, but to go even to Gallia, to visit my brethren, and
to see the face of my Lord's saints; and God knows that I desired it
greatly.  But I am bound in the spirit, and he who witnesseth will
account me guilty if I do it, and I fear to lose the labor which I have
commenced--and not I, but the Lord Christ, who commanded me to come and
be with them for the rest of my life; if the Lord grants it, and keeps
me from every evil way, that I should not sin before him.  But I hope
that which I am bound to do, but I trust not myself as long as I am in
this body of death, for he is strong who daily tries to turn me from
the faith, and from the sincere religious chastity to Christ my Lord,
to which I have dedicated myself to the end of my life, but the flesh,
which is in enmity, always draws me to death--that is, to unlawful
desires, that must be unlawfully gratified--and I know in part that I
have not led a perfect life like other believers.  But I confess to my
Lord, and do not blush before him, because I tell the truth, that from
the time I knew him in my youth the love of God and his fear increased
within me, and until now, by the favor of the Lord, I have kept the
faith.

Let him who pleases insult and laugh at me; I will not be silent,
neither do I conceal the signs and wonders that the Lord hath shown to
me many years before they took place, as he who knew all things even
before the world began.  Therefore I ought to give thanks to God
without ceasing, who often pardoned my uncalled-for folly and
negligence, who did not let his anger turn fiercely against me, who
allowed me to work with him, though I did not promptly follow what was
shown me and what the Spirit suggested; and the Lord had compassion on
me among thousands and thousands, because he saw my good-will; but then
I knew not what to do, because many were hindering my mission, and were
talking behind my back, and saying: "Why does he run into danger among
enemies who know not God?"  This was not said with malice, but because
they did not approve of it, but, as I now testify, because of my
rusticity, you understand; and I did not at once recognize the grace
which was then in me, but now _I know I should have known before_.

Therefore I have simply related to my brethren and fellow-servants who
have believed me why I have preached and still preach to strengthen and
confirm your faith.  Would that you also might aim at higher things and
succeed better.  This shall be my glory, because a wise son is the
glory of his father.  You know and God knows how I have lived among you
from my youth up, both faithful in truth and sincere in heart; also, I
have given the faith to the people among whom I dwell, and I will
continue to do so.  God knows I have not overreached any of them, nor
do I think of it, because of God and his Church, lest I should excite
persecution for them and all of us, and lest the name of the Lord
should be blasphemed through me; for it is written, "Woe to the man
through whom the name of the Lord is blasphemed."  For though I am
unskilled in names, I have endeavored to be careful even with my
Christian brethren, and the virgins of Christ, and devout women, who
freely gave me gifts, and cast of their ornaments upon the altar; but I
returned them, though they were offended with me because I did so.  But
I, for the hope of immortality, guarded myself cautiously in all
things, so that they could not find me unfaithful, even in the smallest
matter, so that unbelievers could not defame or detract from my
ministry in the least.

But when it happened that I baptized so many thousand men, did I expect
even half a "screpall" from them?  Tell me, and I will return it to
you.  Or when the Lord ordained clergy through my humility and
ministry, did I confer the grace gratuitously?  If I asked of any of
them even the value of my shoe, tell me, and I will repay you more.  I
rather spent for you as far as I was able; and among you and everywhere
for you I endured many perils in distant places, where none had been
further or had ever come to baptize, or ordain the clergy, or confirm
the people.  By the grace of the Lord I labored freely and diligently
in all things for your salvation.  At this time also I used to give
rewards to kings, whose sons I hired, who travelled with me, and who
understood nothing but [to protect] me and my companions.  And on one
day they wished to kill me; but the time had not come yet; but they put
me in irons, and carried off all we possessed.  But on the fourteenth
day the Lord released me from their power, and what was ours was
restored to us through God and through the friends we had before
secured.

You know how much I expended on the judges in the districts which I
visited most frequently.  For I think I paid them not less than the
hire of fifteen men, that you might have the benefit of my presence,
and that I might always enjoy you in the Lord.  I do not regret it, nor
is it sufficient for me.  I still spend, and will still spend, for your
souls.]  Behold, I call God to witness on my soul that I do not lie,
neither that you may have occasion, nor that I hope for honor from any
of you; sufficient for me is the honor of truth.  But I see that now in
the present world I am greatly exalted by the Lord; and I was not
worthy nor fit to be thus exalted, for I know that poverty and calamity
are more suitable for me than riches and luxury.  But even Christ the
Lord was poor for us.

Truly, I, a poor and miserable creature, even if I wished for wealth,
have it not; neither do I judge myself, because I daily expect either
death, or treachery, or slavery, or an occasion of some kind or
another.  [But I fear none of these things, relying on the heavenly
promise; for I have cast myself into the hands of the omnipotent God,
who rules everywhere; as the prophet says: "Cast thy care upon the
Lord, and He shall sustain thee."

Behold, now I commend my soul to my most faithful God, whose mission I
perform, notwithstanding my unworthiness; but because He does not
accept persons, and has chosen me for this office, to be one of the
least of His ministers.  "What shall I render to Him for all the things
that He hath rendered to me?"  But what shall I say or promise to my
Lord?  For I see nothing unless He gives Himself to me; but He searches
the heart and reins, because I ardently desire and am ready that He
should give me to drink His cup, as He has permitted others to do who
have loved Him.  Wherefore may my Lord never permit me to lose His
people whom He has gained in the ends of the earth.  I pray God,
therefore, that He may give me perseverance, and that He may vouchsafe
to permit me to give Him faithful testimony for my God until my death.
And if I have done anything good for my God, whom I love, I beseech Him
to grant to me that with those proselytes and captives I may pour out
my blood for His name, even if my body should be denied burial, and be
miserably torn limb from limb by dogs or fierce beasts, or that the
birds of heaven should devour it.  I believe most certainly that if
this should happen to me, I have gained both soul and body; for it is
certain that we shall rise one day in the brightness of the sun--that
is, the glory of Christ Jesus our Redeemer--as sons of God but as joint
heirs with Christ, and to become conformable to His image.

For that sun which we see rises daily for us; but it will not rule or
continue in its splendor for ever, and all who adore it shall suffer
very miserably.  But we who believe in and adore the true sun, Christ,
who will never perish, neither he who shall do His will, but even as
Christ shall abide for ever, who reigns with God the Father Almighty,
and with the Holy Spirit, before the ages, and now, and for ever and
ever.  Amen.

Behold, again and again, I shall briefly declare the words of my
confession.  I testify in truth and in joy of heart, before God and His
holy angels, that I never had any occasion, except the Gospel and its
promises, for returning to that people from whom I had before with
difficulty escaped.]

But I beseech those who believe in and fear God, whoever may condescend
to look into or receive this writing, which Patrick, the ignorant
sinner, has written in Ireland, that no one may ever say, if I have
ever done or demonstrated anything, however little, that it was my
ignorance.  But do you judge, and let it be believed firmly, that it
was the gift of God.  And this is my confession before I die.

Thus far is what Patrick wrote with his own hand; he was translated to
heaven on the seventeenth of March.




ST. PATRICK'S EPISTLE TO COROTICUS.


_ST. PATRICK'S EPISTLE TO THE CHRISTIAN SUBJECTS OF THE TYRANT
COROTICUS._

I, Patrick, a sinner and unlearned, have been appointed a bishop in
Ireland, and I accept from God what I am.  I dwell amongst barbarians
as a proselyte and a fugitive for the love of God.  He will testify
that it is so.  It is not my wish to pour forth so many harsh and
severe things; but I am forced by zeal for God and the truth of Christ,
who raised me up for my neighbors and sons, for whom I have forsaken my
country and parents, and would give up even life itself, if I were
worthy.  I have vowed to my God to teach these people, though I should
be despised by them, to whom I have written with my own hand to be
given to the soldiers to be sent to Coroticus--I do not say to my
fellow-citizens, nor to the fellow-citizens of pious Romans, but to the
fellow-citizens of the devil, through their evil deeds and hostile
practices.  They live in death, companions of the apostate Scots and
Picts, blood-thirsty men, ever ready to redden themselves with the
blood of innocent Christians, numbers of whom I have begotten to God
and confirmed in Christ.

On the day following that in which they were clothed in white and
received the chrism of neophytes, they were cruelly cut up and slain
with the sword by the above mentioned; and I sent a letter by a holy
priest, whom I have taught from his infancy, with some clerics, begging
that they would restore some of the plunder or the baptized captives;
but they laughed at them.  Therefore I know not whether I should grieve
most for those who were slain, or for those whom the devil insnared
into the eternal pains of hell, where they will be chained like him.
For whoever commits sin is the slave of sin, and is called the son of
the devil.

Wherefore let every man know who fears God that they are estranged from
me, and from Christ my God, whose ambassador I am--these patricides,
fratricides, and ravening wolves, who devour the people of the Lord as
if they were bread; as it is said: "The wicked have dissipated thy
law," wherein in these latter times Ireland has been well and
prosperously planted and instructed.  Thanks be to God, I usurp
nothing; I share with these whom He hath called and predestinated to
preach the Gospel in much persecution, even to the ends of the earth.
But the enemy hath acted invidiously towards me through the tyrant
Coroticus, who fears neither God nor His priests whom He hath chosen,
and committed to them the high, divine power: "Whomsoever they shall
bind on earth shall be bound in heaven."

I beseech you, therefore, who are the holy ones of God and humble of
heart, that you will not be flattered by them, and that you will
neither eat nor drink with them, nor receive their alms, until they do
penance with many tears, and liberate the servants of God and the
baptized hand-maids of Christ, for whom he was crucified and died.  "He
that offereth sacrifice of the goods of the poor, is as one that
sacrificeth the son in the presence of the father."  "Riches, he saith,
which the unjust accumulate shall be vomited forth from his belly, the
angel of death shall drag him away, he shall be punished with the fury
of dragons, the tongue of the adder shall slay him, inextinguishable
fire shall consume him."  Hence, "Woe to those who fill themselves with
things which are not their own."  And "what doth it profit a man if he
gain the whole world and suffer the loss of his soul?"  It were too
long to discuss one by one, or to select from the law, testimonies
against such cupidity.  Avarice is a mortal sin.  "Thou shall not covet
thy neighbor's goods."  "Thou shall not kill."  The homicide cannot
dwell with Christ.  "He who hateth his brother is a murderer," and "and
he who loveth not his brother abideth in death."  How much more guilty
is he who hath defiled his hands with the blood of the sons of God,
whom He hath recently acquired in the ends of the earth by our humble
exhortations!

Did I come to Ireland according to God or according to the flesh?  Who
compelled me?  I was led by the Spirit, that I should see my relatives
no more.  Have I not a pious mercy towards that nation which formerly
took me captive?  According to the flesh, I am of noble birth, my
father being a Decurio.  I do not regret or blush for having bartered
my nobility for the good of others.  I am a servant in Christ unto a
foreign people for the ineffable glory of eternal life, which is in
Christ Jesus my Lord; though my own people do not acknowledge me: "A
prophet is without honor in his own country."  Are we not from one
stock, and have we not one God for our Father?  As He has said: "He
that is not with me is against me, and he that gathereth not with me
scattereth."  Is it not agreed that one pulleth down and another
buildeth?  I seek not my own.

Not to me be praise, but to God, who hath put into my heart this desire
that I should be one of the hunters and fishers whom, of old, God hath
announced should appear in the last days.  I am reviled--what shall I
do, O Lord?  I am greatly despised.  Lo! thy sheep are torn around me,
and plundered by the above-mentioned robbers, aided by the soldiers of
Coroticus: the betrayers of Christians into the hands of the Picts and
Scots are far from the charity of God.  Ravening wolves have scattered
the flock of the Lord, which, with the greatest diligence, was
increasing in Ireland; the sons of the Irish and the daughters of kings
who are monks and virgins of Christ are too many to enumerate.
Therefore the oppression of the great is not pleasing to thee now, and
never shall be.

Who of the saints would not dread to share in the feasts or amusements
of such persons?  They fill their houses with the spoils of the
Christian dead, they live by rapine, they know not the poison, the
deadly food, which they present to their friends and children; as Eve
did not understand that she offered death to her husband, so are all
those who work evil: they labor to work out death and eternal
punishment.

It is the custom of the Christians of Rome and Gaul to send holy men to
the Franks and other nations, with many thousand solidi, to redeem
baptized captives.  You who slay them, and sell them to foreign nations
ignorant of God, deliver the members of Christ, as it were, into a den
of wolves.  What hope have you in God?  Whoever agrees with you, or
commands you, God will judge him.  I know not what I can say, or what I
can speak more of the departed sons of God slain cruelly by the sword.
It is written: "Weep with them that weep."  And again: "If any member
suffers anything, all the members suffer with it."  Therefore the
Church laments and bewails her sons and daughters, not slain by the
sword, but sent away to distant countries, where sin is more shameless
and abounds.  There free-born Christian men are sold and enslaved
amongst the wicked, abandoned, and apostate Picts.

Therefore I cry out with grief and sorrow.  O beautiful and
well-beloved brethren and children! whom I have brought forth in Christ
in such multitudes, what shall I do for you?  I am not worthy before
God or man to come to your assistance.  The wicked have prevailed over
us.  We have become outcasts.  It would seem that they do not think we
have one baptism and one Father, God.  They think it an indignity that
we have been born in Ireland; as He said: "Have ye not one God?  Why do
ye each forsake his neighbor?"  Therefore I grieve for you--I grieve, O
my beloved ones!  But, on the other hand, I congratulate myself I have
not labored for nothing--my journey has not been in vain.  This
horrible and amazing crime has been permitted to take place.  Thanks be
to God, ye who have believed and have been baptized have gone from
earth to paradise.  Certainly, ye have begun to migrate where there is
no night or death or sorrow; but ye shall exult like young bulls loosed
from their bonds and tread down the wicked under your feet as dust.

Truly, you shall reign with the apostles and prophets and martyrs, and
obtain the eternal kingdom, as He hath testified, saying: "They shall
come from the east and the west, and shall sit down with Abraham and
Isaac and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven."  Without are dogs, and
sorcerers, and murderers, and liars, and perjurers, and they shall have
their part in the everlasting lake of fire.  Nor does the apostle say
without reason: "If the just are scarcely saved, where shall the
sinner, the impious, and the transgressor of the law appear?"  Where
will Coroticus and his wicked rebels against Christ find themselves
when they shall see rewards distributed amongst the baptized women?
What will he think of his miserable kingdom, which shall pass away in a
moment, like clouds or smoke, which are dispersed by the wind?  So
shall deceitful sinners perish before the face of the Lord, and the
just shall feast with great confidence with Christ, and judge the
nations, and rule over unjust kings, for ever and ever.  Amen.

I testify before God and His angels that it shall be so, as He hath
intimated to my ignorance.  These are not my words that I have set
forth in Latin, but those of God and the prophets and apostles, who
never lied: "He that believeth shall be saved, but he that believeth
not shall be condemned."

God hath said it.  I entreat whosoever is a servant of God that he be a
willing bearer of this letter, that he be not drawn aside by any one,
but that he shall see it read before all the people in the presence of
Coroticus himself, that, if God inspire them, they may some time return
to God, and repent, though late; that they may liberate the baptized
captives, and repent for their homicides of the Lord's brethren; so
that they may deserve of God to live and to be whole here and
hereafter.  The peace of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy
Ghost.  Amen.


[Illustration: The Saint Patrick of Ancient Ages.]




ST. FIECH'S METRICAL LIFE OF ST. PATRICK.

_Written in the Irish Language about 1,400 years ago_.


  I

  At Nemthur Saint Patrick was born,
    As history handed it down;
  And when but sixteen years of age,
    A captive was led from that town.


  II.

  Siccoth was Saint Patrick's first name;
    His father Calphurn without miss;
  His grandfather Otide was styled;
    He was nephew of Deacon Odisse.


  III.

  Six years did he live in dark bonds,
    And the food of the Gentile ate not;
  And Cathraige by men he was called,
    Since to work for four homes was his lot.


  IV.

  To the servant of Milcho 'twas said
    To pass o'er the seas and the plain;
  Then stood angel Victor on rock,
    And his footprints to this day remain.


  V.

  Departed Saint Patrick o'er Alps--
    On his way all successful he hies;
  And with German remained in the South
    'Neath Letavia's wide-spreading skies.


  VI.

  In the isles of the Tyrrhenian sea
    Saint Patrick some period awaits,
  And as canon with German he reads,
    As his history still to us states


  VII.

  To Hibernia Saint Patrick returned,
    By visions from angels induced;
  For visions to him appeared oft,
    And his mind to subjection reduced.


  VIII.

  Soul-saving was Patrick's intent,
    For 'twas to far Foclut's dark flood;
  He had heard the entreaty and wail
    Of children in Foclut's far woods.


  IX.

  For asked they the saint to make haste
    And Letavia's wide lands desert,
  That from error's dark ways Eire's men
    He might in life's pathways direct.


  X.

  Foretold Eire's seers years of peace,
    Which were to remain through all time;
  But the grandeurs of Tara the proud
    Were to vanish in dust, as earth's slime.


  XI.

  To Leary, the monarch, Druids told
    Of the advent of Patrick the saint;
  And their visions were true, as we know
    From the facts which his histories paint.


  XII.

  Renowned was Saint Patrick through life,
    And of error he was a dire foe;
  Hence for ever his name shall be grand
    Among the nations, as ages shall flow.


  XIII.

  The Apocalypse sang he, and hymns,
    And three fifty full psalms, day by day;
  He instructed and praised and baptized,
    And all time he continued to pray.


  XIV.

  Nor could any cold e'er prevent
    That he stayed in the water o'er nights;
  And to gain the grand kingdom of heaven,
    Through the day he used preach on the heights.


  XV.

  By the far-famous fount of the North,
    Benibarka! thy waters sha'n't cease;
  For a hundred full psalms he used sing
    Each night the Lord's praise to increase.


  XVI.

  Then he slept on a cold bed of stone,
    And with a wet cover was dressed;
  A stone was his pillow each night--
    Such, such was the saint's nightly rest.


  XVII.

  To the people the Gospel was preached,
    With power and with miracles signed;
  The blind and the lepers were cured,
    And Death his dead subjects resigned.


  XVIII.

  Saint Patrick did preach to the Scots,
    And in Letavia much he endured,
  That whom he had won to the Lord
    In Judgment's dread day be secured.


  XIX.

  Emir's and proud Erimon's sons
    A demon contrived to ensnare;
  And them did dread Satan engulf
    In the dark, fearful depths of his lair,


  XX.

  Until our apostle arrived,
    Who rescued and set them all free,
  Through sixty long years of his life
    To Christ's cross the brave Fenians flee.


  XXI.

  Great darkness o'er Eire was spread,
    And its people their idols adored,
  Nor in the true Godhead believed,
    Nor the Trinity, too, of the Lord.


  XXII.

  At Armagh the realm's throne has been placed,
    To Emania a glory to be;
  And far-famed is Dundalethglas church,
    Nor let fame from Temoria flee.


  XXIII.

  To Armagh, in his infirm old age,
    Saint Patrick desired much to go;
  But God's angel at noon met the saint,
    And induced him his wish to forego.


  XXIV.

  Southward to the angel he came
    (For Victor had been his good guide),
  And the bush in which Victor appeared
    Burned bright, and a voice from it cried:


  XXV.

  "At Armagh let the government be,
    And to Christ let all glory be brought;
  Indeed, thou shalt come unto heaven;
    Thou obtainedst, because thou hadst sought.


  XXVI.

  "A hymn which you sing while alive
    Shall to Celts a proud armament be;
  And at judgment the Irish surround
    Their father, their patron, in thee."


  XXVII.

  After Patrick, good Tassach remained;
    When Patrick to Tassach Christ gave,
  Tassach said: "He from me shall receive";
    And the prediction of Tassach was grave.


  XXVIII.

  For the night was installed a bright day,
    And that day for one year did remain;
  So that over all Eire the fair
    Light's brilliance and brightness did reign.


  XXIX.

  Bethoron a battle beheld
    Of great Nun against Chanaan's sons,
  In which Gabaon saw the sun stand,
    As the Scriptural narrative runs.


  XXX.

  For brave Josue stood the bright sun
    To witness the wicked all slain;
  Why not for Saint Patrick thrice more
    To illumine Hibernia's plain?


  XXXI.

  For all Eire's good clergy were come
    To bury Saint Patrick with pride;
  And the sounds of the singing from heaven
    Cast them sleeping all round, far and wide.


  XXXII.

  Saint Patrick's pure soul fled his frame
    (His works immortality make);
  And on the first night after death,
    The angels of God watched his wake.


  XXXIII.

  And when Patrick departed from life,
    To the other Saint Patrick came he;
  And to Jesus, of Mary the Son,
    The two passed, bright and pure, great and free.


  XXXIV.

  In Patrick pride's stain was not found;
    And great were the works that adorn
  This good son of Christ, Mary's Son!
    With God's blessing Saint Patrick was born.


[Illustration: The Saint Patrick of Medieval Times.]




TRIPARTITE LIFE.

PART I.

The people who sat in darkness saw a great light, and they who were in
the land and in the shadow of death received light by which came their
illumination.

Patrick, then, was of the Britons of Alcluaid by origin.  Calpurnn was
his father's name.  He was a noble priest.  Potid was his grandfather's
name, whose title was a deacon.  Conceis was his mother's name.  She
was of the Franks, and a sister to Martin.  In Nemtur, moreover, the
man St. Patrick was born; and the flag (stone) on which St. Patrick was
born would give forth water when any one swore a false oath upon it, as
if it were lamenting the false testimony.  If the oath was true,
however, the stone would continue in its natural condition.

When the man St. Patrick was born, he was taken to a blind, flat-faced
man to be baptized.  Gornias was the priest's name; and he had no water
out of which he could perform the baptism until he made the sign of the
cross over the ground with the infant's hand, when a fountain of water
burst forth.  Gornias washed his face, and his eyes were opened to him;
and he, who had learned no letter, read the baptism.  God wrought three
miracles through Patrick in this place--viz., the fountain of water
through the ground, his eyesight to the blind man, and his reading the
_ordo_ of the baptism without knowing a letter up to that time.  And
Patrick was subsequently baptized.  A church was founded, moreover,
over this well in which Patrick was baptized; and the well is at the
altar, and it has the form of the cross, as the learned report.

Many prodigies and miracles were wrought through Patrick in his youth,
but we shall only relate a few out of many of them.  One time Patrick
was in his nurse's house, in winter time, when a great flood and rain
filled his nurse's residence, so that the vessels and furniture of the
house were floating about, and the fire was extinguished.  Patrick then
cried to his nurse, as usual with children when desiring food.  Then
his nurse said to him: "That is not what troubles us; there is
something else we would rather do than to prepare food for thee; even
the fire is extinguished."  When Patrick heard these words, truly, he
sought a certain spot in the house to which the water had not reached;
and he dipped his hand in the water, and five drops fell from Patrick's
fingers, and they were suddenly changed into five sparks, and the fire
glowed, and the water rose not.  The names of God and of Patrick were
magnified thereby.  Another time, as Patrick was playing amongst his
companions, in the time of winter and cold in particular, he collected
his armful of pieces of ice, which he brought home to his nurse.  Then
his nurse said: "It would be better for you to bring us withered
brambles to warm ourselves with than what you have brought."  Thereupon
he said to his nurse:

"Believe thou, because God is powerful thereto, that even the sheets of
ice will burn like faggots."  And no sooner were the pieces of ice
placed on the fire, and he had breathed on them, than they burned like
faggots.  The names of God and Patrick were magnified through this
miracle.

One time, when Patrick and his sister (_i.e._, Lupait) were herding
sheep, the lambs came suddenly to their dams, as is customary with
them, to drink milk.  When Patrick and his sister saw this, they ran
quickly to prevent them.  The girl fell, and her head struck against a
stone, so that death was nigh unto her.  As soon as Patrick perceived
that his sister was lying down, and that death was nigh unto her, he
wept loudly; and he raised her up immediately, and made the sign of the
cross over the wound, and it healed without any illness.
(Nevertheless, the signs of the "white wound" would appear there.)  And
they came home as if no evil had happened to them.  Another time,
Patrick was with the sheep, when a wolf took away a sheep from him.
His nurse reproved him greatly therefor.  The wolf brought the sheep
whole to the same place on the morrow; and the restoration in this way
was wonderful--viz., the wolf's dislike regarding the habitual food.

When Patrick's nurse, therefore, saw him magnified by God in prodigies
and miracles, she used to love him very much, and would not wish to go
anywhere without him.  One time his nurse went to milk the cow.  He
went with her to get a drink of new milk.  The cow [became mad] in the
_booley_, and killed five other cows.  The nurse was much grieved, and
asked him to resuscitate the cows.  He resuscitated the cows, then, so
that they were quite well, and he cured the mad cow; and the names of
God and Patrick were magnified through this miracle.

There was a great assembly held by the Britons.  He went to the
assembly with his nurse and his guardian.  It happened that his
guardian died in the assembly.  All were hushed into silence thereat;
and his relatives cried, and his friends wept, and they said, "Why,
thou _gilla_, didst thou let the man who was carrying thee die?"  As
regards the _gilla_ moreover, he ran to his guardian, and placed his
hands about his neck, and said to him, "Arise, and let us go home."  He
arose forthwith at Patrick's word, and they went home safe afterwards.

The boys of the place in which Patrick was nursed were wont to bring
honey to their mothers from the bees' nests.  Then his nurse said to
Patrick: "Although every other boy brings honey to his nurse, you bring
none to me."  Patrick afterwards carried off a bucket to the water, and
filled it, and blessed the water, so that it changed into honey; and it
healed every disease and ailment to which it was applied.

One time the King of Britain's steward went to command Patrick and his
nurse to go and clean the hearth of the royal house in Al-Cluaid.
Patrick and his nurse went.  Then it was that the angel came, and said
to Patrick: "Pray, and it will not be necessary for you to perform that
work."  Patrick prayed.  The angel afterwards cleaned the hearth.  Then
Patrick said: "Though all the firewood in Britain were burned in that
fireplace, there would be no ashes of it on the morrow."  And this,
indeed, is fulfilled yet.  Another time, the King of Britain's steward
went to demand tribute of curds and butter from Patrick's nurse; and
she had nothing that she would give for the rent.  Then it was that
Patrick made curds and butter of the snow, and they were taken to the
king; and the moment they were exhibited to the king, afterwards they
changed into the nature of snow again.  The king thereupon forgave the
rent to Patrick for ever.

The cause of Patrick's coming to Erinn was as follows: The seven sons
of Fechtmad--viz., the seven sons of the King of Britain--were on a
naval expedition, and they went to plunder in Armoric-Letha; and a
number of the Britons of Srath-Cluaidh were on a visit with their
kinsmen, the Britons of Armoric-Letha, and Calpurn, son of Potit,
Patrick's father, and his mother--_i.e._, Conches, daughter of Ocbas of
the Galls--_i.e._, of the Franks--were killed in the slaughter in
Armorica.  Patrick and his two sisters--viz., Lupait and Tigris--were
taken prisoners, moreover, in that slaughter.  The seven sons of
Fechtmad went afterwards on the sea, having with them Patrick and his
two sisters in captivity.  The way they went was around Erinn,
northwards, until they landed in the north; and they sold Patrick to
Miliuc, son of Buan--_i.e._, to the King of Dal-Araidhe.  They sold his
sisters in Conaille-Muirthemhne.  And they did not know this.  Four
persons, truly, that purchased him.  One of them was Miliuc.  It was
from this that he received the name that is Cothraige, for the reason
that he served four families.  He had, indeed, four names. . .

[Here a leaf is missing from both the Bodleian and British Museum MSS.
of the Tripartite Life, the contents of which would fill eight pages of
similar size to the foregoing.]

When Patrick had completed his sixtieth year, and had learned
knowledge, his auxiliary angel, Victor (for he was of assistance to him
when he [Patrick] was in bondage with Miliuc, and regarding everything
besides which he might wish), went to him, and said to him: "You are
commanded from God to go to Erinn, to strengthen faith and belief, that
you may bring the people, by the net of the Gospel, to the harbor of
life; for all the men of Erinn call out your name, and they think it
seasonable and fit that you should come."  Patrick afterwards bade
farewell to Germanus, and gave him a blessing; and a trusted senior
went with him from Germanus, to guard him and testify for him; his name
was Segetius, and he was by grade a priest, and he it was who usually
kept the _Ordo_ of the church besides Germanus.

Patrick went subsequently on the sea, his company being nine.  Then he
went upon an island, where he saw a withered old woman on her hands at
the door of a house.  "Whence is the hag?" asked Patrick; "great is her
infirmity."  A young man answered, and said: "She is a descendant of
mine," said the young man; "if you could see the mother of this girl, O
cleric! she is more infirm still."  "In what way did this happen?"
enquired Patrick.  "Not difficult to tell," said the young man.  "We
are here since the time of Christ.  He came to visit us when He was on
earth amongst men; and we made a feast for him, and he blessed our
house and blessed ourselves; but this blessing reached not our
children; and we shall be here without age or decay for ever.  And it
is long since thy coming was foretold to us," said the young man; "and
God 'left it with us' [_i.e._, prophesied to us] that thou wouldst come
to preach to the Gaeidhel; and He left a token with us, _i.e._, His
_bachall_ (crozier), to be given to thee."  "I will not take it," said
Patrick, "until He Himself gives me His _bachall_."  Patrick remained
three days and three nights with them; and he went afterwards into
Sliabh-Hermoin, near the island, where the Lord appeared unto him, and
commanded him to go and preach to the Gaeidliel; and He gave him the
Bachall-Isa, and said that it would be of assistance to him in every
danger and every difficulty in which he would be.  And Patrick besought
three requests of him--viz., (1) to be at His right hand in the kingdom
of heaven; (2) that he (Patrick) might be the judge of the Gaeidhel on
the Day of Judgment; and (3) as much as the nine companions could carry
of gold and silver to give to the Gaeidhel for believing.

The Airchinnech that was in Rome at that time was Celestinus, the
forty-second man from Peter.  He sent Palladius, a high deacon, with
twelve men, to instruct the Gaeidhel (for to the comarb of Peter
belongs the instruction of Europe), in the same way as Barnabas went
from Peter to instruct the Romans, etc.  When Palladius arrived in the
territory of Leinster--_i.e._, at Inbher-Dea--Nathi, son of Garchu,
opposed him, and expelled him.  And Palladius baptized a few there, and
founded three churches--viz., Cill-fine (in which he left his books,
and the casket with the relics of Paul and Peter, and the tablet in
which he used to write), and Tech-na-Roman, and Doinhnach-Airte, in
which Silvester and Solonius are.  On turning back afterwards, sickness
seized him in the country of the Cruithne, and he died of it.

When Patrick heard this thing, and knew that it was for him God
designed the apostleship of Erinn, he went subsequently to Rome to
receive grade; and it was Celestinus, Abbot of Rome, who read _grada_
(orders, degrees) over him; Germanus and Amatho, King of the Romans,
being present with them.

When Patrick came from Rome, where he arrived was at Inbher-Dea, in
Leinster.  Nathi, son of Garchu, came also against him.  Patrick cursed
him.  Sinell, moreover, the son of Finnchadh, was the first who
believed in Erinn through Patrick's teaching.  Hence it was that
Patrick blessed him and his seed.  On the same day Auxilius and
Eserninus, and others of Patrick's people, were ordained; and it was
then, also, that the name Patricius--_i.e._, a name of power with the
Romans--was given to him; _i.e._, a hostage-liberating man.  It was he,
moreover, who loosened the hostageship and bondage of the Gaeidhel to
the devil.  And when they were reading the _grada_ (orders, degrees),
the three choirs responded--viz., the choir of the men of heaven, and
the choir of the Romans, and the choir of the children from the woods
of Fochlud--all whom cried out, "Hibernienses omnes," etc.  In illis
diebus autem gesta sunt in predictis ita.  In that time there was a
fierce pagan king in Erinn--_i.e._, Laeghaire Mac Neill--and his seat
and royal hold was in Tara.  In the fifth year of the reign of
Laeghaire Mac Neill Patrick came to Erinn.  The eighth year of the
reign of Lughaidh he died.  The eighth year of the reign of Theodosius,
the forty-fifth man from Augustus, Patrick came; eight years Celestine
was then prince, as Gelasius said.

This valiant king, then--_i.e._, Laeghaire Mac Neill--possessed druids
and enchanters, who used to foretell through their druidism and through
their paganism what was in the future for them.  Lochru and Luchat Mael
were their chiefs; and these two were authors of that art of
pseudo-prophecy.  They prophesied, then, that a mighty, unprecedented
prophet would come across the sea, with an unknown code of
instructions, with a few companions, whom multitudes would obey, and
who would obtain dignity and reverence from the men of Erinn; and that
he would expel kings and princes from their governments, and would
destroy all the idolatrous images; and that the faith which would
arrive would live for ever in Erin.  Two years, or three, before the
arrival of Patrick, what they used to prophesy was [as follows];

  "A _Tailcend_ (_i.e._, Patrick) shall come across the stormy sea.
  His garment head-pierced, his staff head-bent,
  His _mias_ (_i.e._, altar) in the east of his house;
  His people all shall answer, Amen, amen."


Baile-Cuinn (the Ecstasy of Conn, a rhapsody so called) dixit:  "A
_Tailcend_ shall come who will found cemeteries, make cells new, and
pointed music-houses, with conical caps [bencopar], and have princes
bearing croziers."  "When these signs shall come," said they, "our
adoration and our _gentility_ (paganism) will vanish, and faith and
belief will be magnified."  As it was foretold then and represented, so
it happened and was fulfilled.

When Patrick completed his voyage, and his ship entered the harbor at
Inbher-Dea, in the territory of Leinster, he brought his ships to the
shore.  Then it was that he decided to go to instruct Miliuc.  He
thought fit as he labored at first for his body, that he should labor
for his soul.  He then put stick to shore, and proceeded on a
prosperous voyage, past the coast of Erinn, eastwards, until he stopped
in Inbher-Domnand.  He found no fish there, and cursed it.  He went to
Inis-Patrick: and he sent to Inbher-Nainge, where nothing was found for
him.  He cursed this also, and both are unfruitful.  Then it was that
Benen came into his company.  Soon after, Patrick slept awhile, and all
the odoriferous flowers that the youth could find, he would put them
into the cleric's bosom.  Patrick's people said to Benen: "Stop doing
that, lest thou shouldst awake Patrick."  Patrick said: "He will be the
heir of my kingdom."  He went to Inbher-Boindi, where he found fish.
He blessed it, and the _Inbher_ is fruitful.  He found druids in that
place who denied the virginity of Mary.  Patrick blessed the ground,
and it swallowed the druids.  Patrick went afterwards from
Inis-Patrick, past Conaille, and past the coast of Ulster, until he
stopped at Inbher-Brena.  He went afterwards to Inbher-Slani, where the
clerics hid their ships; and they went ashore to put off their fatigue,
and to rest; so that there it was the swine-herd of Dichu, son of
Trichim, found them, where Sabhall-Patrick is to-day.  When he saw the
divines and the clerics, he thought they were robbers or thieves, and
he went to tell his lord; whereupon Dichu came, and set his dog at the
clerics.  Then it was that Patrick uttered the prophetic verse, "Ne
tradas bestis, etc., et canis obmutuit."  When Dichu saw Patrick, he
became gentle, and he believed, and Patrick baptized him; so that he
was the first in Ulster who received faith and baptism from Patrick.
Then it was that Dichu presented the Sabhall to Patrick.  Patrick said:

  "The blessing of God on Dichu,
  Who gave to me the Sabhall;
  May he be hereafter
  Heavenly, joyous, glorious.

  "The blessing of God on _Dichu_--
  Dichu with full folds (flocks);
  No one of his sept or kindred
  Shall die, except after a long life."


Patrick went to preach to Miliuc, as we have said, and took gold with
him to prevail on him to believe; for he knew that he (Miliuc) was
covetous regarding gold.  But when Miliuc heard that Patrick had
arrived, he wished not to believe for him, and to abandon the pagan
religion.  He thought it unbecoming to believe for his servant, and to
submit to him.  The counsel that a demon taught him was this: He went
into his royal house with his gold and silver; and he set the house on
fire, and was burned with all his treasures, and his soul went to hell.
Then it was that Patrick proceeded past the northern side of Sliabh-Mis
(there is a cross in that place), and he saw the fire afar off.  He
remained silent for the space of two or three hours, thinking what it
could be, and he said, "That is the fire of Miliuc's house," said
Patrick, "after his burning himself in the middle of his house, that he
might not believe in God in the end of his life.  As regards the man
who persuaded him thereto," added he, "there shall not be a king or
righdamhna of his family, and his seed and race shall be 'in service'
for ever, and his soul shall not return from hell to the judgment, nor
after judgment."  After he had said these words, he turned _deisel_
(right-hand-wise) and went back again into the territory of Uladh,
until he arrived at Magh-inis, to Dichu, son of Trichim, and he
remained there a long time disseminating faith, so that he brought all
the Ulidians, with the net of the Gospel, to the harbor of life.

Patrick went subsequently from Sabhall southwards, that he might preach
to Ros, son of Trichim.  He it was that resided in Derlus, to the south
of Dun-leth-glaise (Downpatrick).  There is a small city (cathair,
_i.e._, civitas, but also meaning a bishop's _see_) there this
day--_i.e._, Brettain, ubi est Episcopus Loarn qui ausus est increpare
Patricium tenentem manum pueri ludentis justa Ecclesiam suam.  As
Patrick was then on his way, he saw a tender youth herding pigs.
Mochae his name.  Patrick preached to him, and baptized him, and cut
his hair, and gave him a copy of the gospels and a reliquary.  And he
gave him also, another time, a _bachall_ which had been given them from
God--viz., its head into Patrick's bosom, and its end in Mochae's
bosom; and this is the Detech-Mochae of Noendruim; and Mochae promised
Patrick a shorn pig every year.  And this, indeed, is still given.

When the solemnity of Easter approached, Patrick considered that there
was no place more suitable to celebrate the high solemnity of the
year--_i.e._, the Easter--than in Magh-Bregh, the place where the head
of the idolatry and druidism of Erinn was--viz., in Temhair.  They
afterwards bade farewell to Dichu, son of Trichim, and put their
vessels on the sea; and they proceeded until they anchored in
Inbher-Colptha.  They left their vessels in the Inbher, and went by
land until they reached Ferta-fer-féc, and Patrick's tent was fixed in
this place, and he cut the Easter fire.  It happened, however, that
this was the time in which the great festival of the Gentiles--_i.e._,
the _Fes of Tara_--was usually celebrated.  The kings and princes and
chieftains were wont to come to Laeghaire Mac Neill to Tara, to
celebrate this festival.  The druids and the magicians were also wont
to come to prophesy to them.  The fire of every hearth in Erinn was
usually extinguished on that night, and it was commanded by the king
that no fire should be lighted in Erinn before the fire of Tara, and
neither gold nor silver would be accepted from any one who would light
it, but he should suffer death for it.  Patrick knew not this thing;
and if he knew it, it would not prevent him.

As the people of Tara were thus, they saw the consecrated Easter fire
at a distance which Patrick had lighted.  It illuminated all
Magh-Bregh.  Then the king said: "That is a violation of my prohibition
and law; and do you ascertain who did it."  "We see the fire," said the
druids, "and we know the night in which it is made.  If it is not
extinguished before morning," added they, "it will never be
extinguished.  The man who lighted it will surpass the kings and
princes, unless he is prevented."  When the king heard this thing, he
was much infuriated.  Then the king said: "That is not how it shall be;
but we will go," said he, "until we slay the man who lighted the fire."
His chariot and horses were yoked for the king, and they went, in the
end of the night, to Ferta-fer-féc.  "You must take care," said the
druids, "that you go not to the place where the fire was made, lest you
worship the man who lighted it; but stay outside, and let him be called
out to you, that he may know you to be a king, and himself a subject;
and we will argue in your presence."  "It is good counsel," said the
king; "it shall be done as you say."  They proceeded afterwards until
they unyoked their horses and chariots in front of the _Ferta_.
Patrick was "whispered" out to them; and it was commanded by them that
no one should rise up before him, lest he should believe in him.
Patrick rose and went out; and when he saw the chariots and horses
unyoked, he sang the prophetic stanza:

  "Hi in curribus et hi in eorus (equis),
  Nos autem, in nomine Domini Dei nostri ma."

They were then before him, and the rims of their shields against their
chins; and none of them rose up before him, except one man alone, in
whom was a figure from God--_i.e._, Ere, son of Dega.  He is the Bishop
Ere who is [commemorated] in Slaine of Magh-Bregh to-day.  Patrick
blessed him, and he believed in God, and confessed the Catholic faith,
and was baptized; and Patrick said to him: "Your seat (_cathair_, chair
or city) on earth shall be noble"; and Patrick's (_comarb_) successor
is bound to bend the knee before his _comarb_ in consideration of his
submission.

Each then questioned the other--viz., Patrick and Laeghaire.  Lochru
went fiercely, enviously, with contention and questions, against
Patrick; and then he began to denounce the Trinity and the Catholic
faith.  Patrick looked severely at him, and cried out to God with a
loud voice, and he said: "Domine qui omnia potes et in tua potestate
consistit quidquid est, quique nos misisti huc ad nomen tuum gentibus
praedicandum hic impius qui blasphemat nomen tuum, elevatur nunc foras,
et cito moriatur.  Et his dictis elevatus est magus in aëra et iterum
desuper cito dejectus sparso ad lapidem cerebro comminutus et mortus
fuerat coram eis."  The pagans became afraid at this.  But the king was
much infuriated against Patrick, and he determined to kill him.  He
told his people to slay the cleric.  When Patrick observed this
thing--the rising up against him of the pagans--he cried out with a
loud voice, and said: "Et exurget Deus et dissipentur inimici ejus, et
fugiant qui oderunt eum a facie ejus, sicut defecit fumus deficit sic
deficiant sicut fluit caera a facie ignis; sic pereint peccatorus facie
Domini."  Immediately darkness went over the sun, and great shaking and
trembling of the earth occurred.  They thought it was heaven that fell
upon the earth; and the horses started off, frightened, and the wind
blew the chariots across the plains, and all rose against each other in
the assembly; and they were all attacking each other, so that fifty men
of them fell in this commotion through Patrick's malediction.  The
Gentiles fled in all directions, so that only three remained--viz.,
Laeghaire, and his queen, and a man of his people; et timuerunt valde,
veniensque regina ad Patricium (_i.e._, Angass, daughter of Tassagh,
son of Liathan), dixit: "Ei homo juste et potens ne perdas regem.  The
king will go to thee, and will submit to thee, and will kneel, and will
believe in God."  Laeghaire went then, and knelt before Patrick, and
gave him a "_false peace_."  Not long after this, the king beckoned
Patrick aside, and what he meditated was to kill him; but this happened
not, because God had manifested this intention to Patrick.  Laeghaire
said to Patrick, "Come after me, O cleric! to Tara, that I may believe
in thee before the men of Erinn"; and he then placed men in ambush
before Patrick in every pass from Ferta-fer-féc to Tara, that they
might kill him.  But God did not permit it.  Patrick went, accompanied
by eight young clerics (maccleirech), and Benen as a _gilla_, along
with them; and Patrick blessed them before going, and a _dicheltair_
(garment of invisibility) went over them, so that not one of them was
seen.  The Gentiles who were in the ambuscades, however, saw eight wild
deer going past them along the mountain, and a young fawn after them,
and a pouch on his shoulder--viz., Patrick, and his eight [clerics],
and Benen after them, and his (Patrick's) _polaire_ (satchel, or
epistolary) on his back.

Laeghaire went afterwards, about twilight, to Tara, in sorrow and
shame, with the few persons who escaped in his company.  On the day
succeeding Easter Sunday the men of Erinn went to Tara to drink the
feast; for the _Fes_ of Tara was a principal day with them.  When they
were banqueting, and thinking of the conflict they waged the day
before, they saw Patrick, who arrived in the middle of Tara, januis
clausis ut Christus in cennaculum; because Patrick meditated: "I will
go," said he, "so that my readiness may be manifested before the men of
Erinn.  I shall not make a candle under a bushel of myself.  I will
see," said he, "who will believe me, and who will not believe me."  No
one rose up before him inside but _Dubhtach_ Mac Ua Lugair alone, the
king's royal poet, and a tender youth of his people (viz., his name was
Fiacc; it is he who is [commemorated] in Slebhte to-day).  This
Dubhtach, truly, was the first man who believed that day in Tara.
Patrick blessed him and his seed.  Patrick was then called to the
king's bed, that he might eat food, and to prove him in prophecy
(_i.e._, in Venturis rebus).  Patrick did not refuse this, because he
knew what would come of it.  The druid Luchat Mael went to drink with
him, for he wished to revenge on Patrick what he had done to his (the
druid's) companion the day before.  The druid Luchat Mael put a drop of
poison into the goblet which was beside Patrick, that he might see what
Patrick would do in regard to it.  Patrick observed this act, and he
blessed the goblet, and the ale adhered to it, and he turned the goblet
upside-down afterwards, and the poison which the druid put into it fell
out of it.  Patrick blessed the goblet again, and the ale changed into
its natural state.  The names of God and Patrick were magnified
thereby.  The hosts then went and took up their station outside Tara.
"Let us work miracles," said Luchat Mael, "before the multitude in this
great plain."  Patrick asked; "What are they?"  The druid said: "Let us
bring snow upon the plain, so that the plain may be white before us."
Patrick said to him: "I do not wish to go against the will of God."
The druid said: "I will bring the snow upon the plain, though you like
it not."  He then began the druidic poetry and the demoniacal arts
until the snow fell so that it would reach the girdles of men; and all
saw and wondered greatly.  Patrick said: "We see this; send it away, if
you can."  The druid answered: "I cannot do that thing until this time
to-morrow."  "By my _debhro_," said Patrick, "in evil is thy power, and
not in good."  Patrick blessed the plain before him, towards the four
points, and the snow immediately disappeared, without rain, without
sun, without wind, at Patrick's word.  Darkness afterwards went over
the face of the earth, through the incantations of the druid.  The
multitudes cried out thereat.  Patrick said: "Expelli tenebras."  The
druid answered: "I am not able to-day."  Patrick prayed the Lord, and
blessed the plain, and the darkness was expelled, and the sun shone
out, and all gave thanks.  They were for a long time contending thus
before the king--_i.e._, as Nero said to Simon and Peter--et ait rex ad
illos, "Libros vestros in aqua mittite, et ilium cujus libri illesi
evaserint adorabimus."  Respondit Patricius: "Faciam ego"; et dixit
magus: "Nolo ego ad judicium ire aquae cum ipso; aquam etiam Deum
habet"; because he heard that it was through water Patrick used to
baptize.  Et respondit rex: "Mittite igitur in igne"; et ait Patricius:
"Promptus sum;" at magus nolens dixit; "Hic homo versa vice in alternos
annos nunc aquam nunc ignem deum veneratur."  "It is not this that
shall be done," said Patrick; "for since you say that it is the fire I
adore, go you, if you wish, into a house apart, and well closed, and a
student of my people along with you, and let my _casula_ be about you,
and your druidic tunic about my student (_mac cleirech_); and fire will
be applied to the house, that God may decide between you there."  This
counsel was agreed to by the men of Erinn, including Laeghaire.  The
house was then made, one-half of dry faggots, and the other half of
fresh materials.  The druid was put into the fresh part, and Patrick's
_casula_ about him.  Benen, however, was put into the dry part, with
the druid's tunic about him.  The house was afterwards closed and
fastened on the outside, before the multitude, and fire was applied to
it.  A great prodigy occurred there through Patrick's prayers.  The
fresh part of the house was burned, as well as the druid under the
casula, and not a bit of the _casula_ was destroyed.  The dry portion,
in which was Benen, however, was not burned, and God preserved Benen
under the druid's tunic, and the tunic was burned, so that it was
reduced to ashes.  The king was greatly enraged against Patrick for the
killing of his druid.  He arose, and would like to slay Patrick; but
God did not permit it, through the intercession of Patrick.  The anger
of God fell afterwards on the impious multitude, so that great numbers
of them died--viz., twelve thousand in one day.  Patrick said to
Laeghaire: "If you do not believe now, you shall die quickly; for the
anger of God will come upon your head."  When the king heard these
words, he was seized with great fear.  The king went into a house
afterwards to take counsel with his people.  "It is better for me,"
said he, "to believe in God than [to suffer] what is threatened to
me--my death."  It was after this that Laeghaire knelt to Patrick, and
believed in God, and many thousands believed in that day.

Then it was that Patrick said to Laeghaire: "Since you have believed in
God, and have submitted to me, length of life in thy sovereignty will
be given thee.  As a reward for thy disobedience some time ago,
however, there will be no king nor roydamhna from thee for ever, except
Lughaidh," the son of Laeghaire; for his mother implored Patrick that
he would not curse the infant that was in her womb, when Patrick said:
"I will not, until he comes against me."  Lughaidh then assumed the
sovereignty; and he went to Achadh-farcha.  There he said: "Is not that
the church of the cleric who said that there would be neither king nor
roydamhna from Laeghaire?"  After this, darts of lightning descended
from the heavens on his head, which killed him, and hence is [the name]
Achadh-farcha.  These miracles live to this day.  These are the
miracles the divines of Erinn knew, and through which they put a thread
of narration.  Columcille, son of Fedhlidhmidh, Ultan, the grand-son of
Conchobhar, Adamnan, the grandson of Tinne, Eleran the Wise, Ciaran of
Belach-duin, Cruimther Collait from Druim-Railgech, knew Patrick's
miracles in the first place, and composed them.

A man of truth, indeed, was this man, with purity of mind like the
Patriarchs; a true pilgrim like Abraham; gentle and forgiving of heart
like Moses; a praise-singing psalmist like David; a shrine of wisdom
like Solomon; a chosen vessel for proclaiming truth like Paul the
Apostle; a man full of grace and knowledge of the Holy Ghost like John;
the root of a holy herb-garden towards the children of faith; a vine
branch with fruitfulness; a sparkling fire, with power to heat and warm
the sons of life, in founding and dispensing charity.  A lion in
strength and might; a dove in gentleness and humility.  A serpent in
wisdom and cunning in regard to good; gentle, humble, mild, towards
sons of life; dark, ungentle, towards sons of death.  A slave in work
and labor for Christ; a king in dignity and power, for binding and
releasing, for enslaving and freeing, for killing and reviving.
Appropinquante autem hora obitus sui, sacrificium ab Episcopo Tassach
sumpsit quod viaticum vitae aeternae ex consilio Victoris acceperat, et
deinceps post mortuos suscitatos, post multum populum ad Deum
conversum, et post Episcopos et presbyteros in ecclesiis ordinatos, et
toto ordine Ecclesiastico conversa tota Scotia ad fidem Christi, anno
aetatis suae cxii. obdormivit in vitam aeternam.


PART II.

Euntes ergo docete omnes gentes baptizantes eos in nomine Patris, et
Filii, et Spiritus Sancti, docentes eos observare omnia quaecumque
mandavi vobis, etc.

When Patrick came with his fleet to Erinn, to preach to the Gaeidhel, and
went to Tara, he left Lomman in Inbher-Boinne, to take care of his ships,
during the forty nights of the Lent.  Patrick commanded him to row his
vessel against the [current of the] Boyne, until he would arrive at the
place were to-day Ath-Truim [Trim] is--at that time the _dún_ of
Fedhlimidh, where he (Lomman) found the son of Laeghaire
MacNeill--_i.e._, at Ath-Truim.  And in the morning, Fortchern,
Fedhlimidh's son, went and found Lomman, and his gospels before him.  He
wondered at the precepts he heard.  He believed, and was baptized by
Lomman.  And Fortchern was listening to the instruction, until his mother
went to seek him.  She welcomed the clerics, for she was of the Britons,
viz.: Scoth, daughter of the king of Britain.  Fedhlimidh himself came to
converse with Lomman; and he believed, and presented Ath-Truim to God and
Patrick, and to Lomman, and to Fortchern.  Patrick himself went and
founded Ath-Truim [Trim], twenty-five years before the foundation of
Ard-Macha.  Of the Britons, moreover, was the origin of Lomman, and his
mother was the sister of Patrick.

Lomman's brethren were, moreover, Bishop Munis in Forgnidhe in
Cuircne--_i.e._, in the north of Meath, to the south of the Ethne (Inny);
Broccaidh in Imlech-Achaidh, in Ciarraighe of Connacht; Broccan in
Brechmagh, in Ui-Dorthain; Mughenoc in Cill-Dumagloin, in the south of
Bregia.  They were the relatives, moreover, who were dear to Patrick by
consanguinity, and faith, and baptism, and instruction; and they
presented to Patrick whatever they possessed, land and churches, for
ever.  But, after some time, when Lomman's death drew nigh, Lomman and
his foster-son, _i.e._, Fortchern, went to converse with his brother,
_i.e._, Broccaid, and he committed his church to Patrick and Fortchern;
and Fortchern opposed it, that he might not inherit his father's
possessions, who gave the place to God and Patrick.  But Lomman said,
"You shall not receive my benediction unless you assume the abbacy of my
church."  Fortchern took upon him the abbacy after the death of Lomman,
for three days, when he went to Trim; and afterwards gave his church to
Cathlai, a pilgrim.  These are the offerings of Fedhlimidh, son of
Laeghaire, to St. Patrick, and to Lomman, and to Fortchern, viz.,
Ath-Truim, in the territory of Laeghaire of Bregia, and Imghae, in the
territory of Laeghaire of Meath.  The way in which all these offerings
were presented to Patrick, and to Lomman, and to Fortchernd, per (_sic_)
omnibus regibus majoribus et minoribus usque indiem judicii.  Prima feria
venit Patricius ad Taltenam, where the regal assembly was, to Cairpre,
the son of Niall.  It was he who desired the murder of Patrick, and who
drove Patrick's people into the river Sele, wherefore Patrick called him
the enemy of God, and said to him, "Thy seed shall serve thy brother's
seed," and there shall not be salmon in that river, through Patrick's
malediction.  Patrick went afterwards to Conall, the son of Niall, whose
residence was where Donagh-Patrick is this day, who received him with
great joy; and Patrick baptized him, and confirmed his royal seat for
ever.  And Patrick said to him: "Thy brother's seed shall serve thy seed
for ever; and strive to exercise charity towards my successors after me,
and the sons of thy sons, that they may be perpetual subjects to my sons
of faith."  Then it was that Conall measured a church for God and
Patrick, sixty feet in extent; and Patrick said: "Whichsoever of your
race diminishes this church shall not have a long reign, and he shall not
be prosperous."  They went early on Sunday morning to Rath-Airthir,
Cinaed and Dubhdaleithe, the two sons of Cerbhall, son of Maelodhra, son
of Aedh-Slaine, when they saw a young man lying down--_i.e._, the son of
Bresal.  One of them plunged a sword into him, and then throttled him.
The murderer then went past Tailten, up, on his straight road, and the
other went to Domnach-Patrick.  It was then that Patrick blessed that
part of the plain of Tailte, so that dead bodies are never borne off from
it.

    [A few lines of the MS. at this place are damaged.]


The Pasch being therefore finished, on the next day Patrick came to
_vadum duarum forcarum_ (Ath-da-laarg, near Kells; county Meath), and
founded a church there, and left the three brothers there with their
sister, viz., Cathaceus, and Cathurus, and Catnean; and Catnea, the
sister, who used to milk the deer.  He went afterwards to Druim
Corcortri, and founded a church there, and he left in it Diarmaid, son of
Restitutus.

When Patrick was going eastwards to Tara, to Laeghaire (for they had
formed a friendship), from Domhnach-Patrick, he blessed Conall, son of
Niall.  When he was going away, he threw his flagstone (_lec_) behind him
eastwards into the hill, _i.e._, where . . . . . .

    [A folio of the original MS. is missing here.]


And Maine knelt to Patrick and performed penance, and Patrick said, "Rex
non erit qui te non habebit; and thy injunctions shall be the longest
that will live in Erinn.  The person whom I have blessed also shall be a
king, _i.e._, Tuathal [Maelgarbh]."  And he [Tuathal] assumed the
sovereignty afterwards, and banished Diarmaid MacCerbhaill, so that he
was on _Loch-Ri_, and on _Derg-Derc_, and on _Luimnech_.

One day as Diarmaid went in his boat past the shore of Cluainmic-Nois,
Ciaran heard the noise and motion of the craft, and called him ashore,
and Ciaran said, "Come to me, for thou art a king's son, and mark out the
Redes [a church] and the Eclais-bec [a little church], and grant the
place to me."  He said, "I am not a king."  To whom Ciaran said, "You
will be a king to-morrow."  In that day, the king, Tuathal, came with
great bands to banish Diarmaid, when Maelmor (of the Conaille),
Diarmaid's foster-brother, killed him; and Maelmor was immediately slain.
Hence the old saying, "the feat of Maelmor."  Diarmaid afterwards assumed
the sovereignty of Erinn, through Ciaran's blessing when Diarmaid was
marking the site of Eclais-bec, and bowed down thrice.  He went to Tara,
and gave Ciaran an offering for every _tairlim_, along with Druimraithe.
Ocurrit nobis hic virtus etsi per ancificatione [_recte_ anticipationein].

Another time Patrick heard, through the malice of the vulgar, that Bishop
Mel had sinned with his sister, for they were wont to be in the same
house, praying to the Lord.  When Bishop Mel saw Patrick coming towards
him to Ard-Achadh [Ardagh] to reprove him, Bishop Mel went out to a hill
to fish in the pools and furrows.  When it was told to Patrick that he
had caught a salmon in this way, Patrick uttered the famous saying:
"Seorsim viri et seorsim foeminae ne occasionem dare intirmis inveniantur
et ne nomen Domini per nos blasphemetur, quid absit a nobis," for God
does not assist any unjust, false man; _i.e._, non temptabis Dominum Deum
tuum.  Bishop Mel's sister then went with fire in her _casula_, Patrick
then knew there was no sin between them, dicens, "Seorsum feminis ne
occasione dare infirmis inveniamur et ne non Domini per nos blasfemaretur
quod absit a nobis, et sic reliquit eos," _i.e._, Bri-Leith between them:
she in Druim-Cheu to the west of Bri-Leith; he (Bishop Mel) to the east
of it, in Ard-Achadh.

Patrick went afterwards into northern Tethbha, _i.e._, to the territory
of Cairbre, where Granard was presented to him by the sons of Cairbre,
and he left there Bishop Guessacht, son of Milchu, his foster-brother,
and the two sisters Emir, who first put up at Cluain-Bronaigh; and this
is the reason why the sides of the churches are joined to each other; and
it is the airchinnech (superior) of Granard that always ordains the head
nun in Cluain-Bronaigh.  The moment that Patrick blessed the veil on the
aforesaid virgins, their four feet sank into the rock, and the traces
exist in it always.  Patrick went afterwards across the water to
Magh-Slechta, where the arch-idol of Erinn was, _i.e._, Cenn Cruach, made
of gold and silver, surrounded by twelve other idols formed of bronze.
When Patrick saw the idols from the waters called Guthard (_i.e._, he
raised his voice--_guth_, voice; _ard_, high), and when he approached it,
he lifted his hand to lay the Bachall-Isa on it; but he could not, as the
idol inclined over to its right side (for towards the south its face was
turned), and the mark of the _bachall_ lives yet in its left side,
although the _bachall_ did not leave Patrick's hand.  And the ground
swallowed the other twelve idols as far as their heads; and they are in
that condition in commemoration of the prodigy.  And he cursed the demon
(idol), and banished him to hell; and he called all the people, with king
Laeghaire, who worshipped the idols; and all saw him (the demon), and
feared death unless Patrick would banish him to hell.  His _graif_
(fibula) fell from Patrick's garment whilst maintaining the conflict and
valor against the idol.  He cut away all the heath in the place until he
found his _graif_, and no heath grows in that place, nor in the plain
besides.  And he founded a church in that place, _i.e._,
Domhnach-Maighe-Slecht, and left there Mabran Barbarus, Patrick's
relative and prophet, and Patrick's well is there, ubi baptizavit multos.
Patrick went afterwards into the territory of Connacht, over Snamhda-en,
across the Shannon, where he found a ford, viz.: the land (bed of the
river) rose up under Patrick in the ford, and the learned will yet find
that _esker_.  And Patrick landed (_i.e._, on the Connacht side of the
Shannon) immediately, and then it was that Buadmael, Patrick's
charioteer, died, and was buried there.  Cill-Buaidhmael is the name (of
the church), and it is appropriate to Patrick.  When Laeghaire Mac
Neill's druids (_i.e._, Mael and Caplait, two brothers, who had fostered
Laeghaire's two daughters, Ethne the Fair, and Feidelm the Red) heard all
that Patrick had done, they brought thick darkness over all Magh-Nai,
through the power of the demon, for the space of three days and three
nights.  Patrick thereupon prayed to God, and bent his knees, and blessed
the plain, so that there was darkness for the druids, and light for all
others.  And he gave thanks to God, and all the darkness was banished
from Magh-Ai.  And they went past the Shannon to Duma-graidh, where he
ordained Ailbhe, a noble priest, who is [commemorated] in Senchua in
Ui-Ailella; and Patrick instructed him regarding a stone altar [which
was] in the mountain of Ui-Ailella, underground, and four glass Chalices
at its four corners: et dixit cavendum ne frangerantur orae fossurae.
Inter nepotes etiam Ailello fuit, et baptizavit Maineum sanctum quem
ordinavit Episcopus Bronus filius Iccni qui est i Caisel-Irra, servus Dei
socius Patricii.  Patrick went to Magh-glas, where he founded Cill-mor of
Magh-glas; and he left two of his people there, viz., Conleng and
Ercleng.  Deinde venit in fines Corcu-Achland, to the south of
Ui-Ailella, and to the north of Badhghna.  There were two brothers there,
viz., Id and Hono, who were druids.  Hono asked Patrick, "What will you
give me for this land?"  Patrick answered "Eternity."  Hono said, "You
possess gold: give it to me for it."  Patrick replied, "I have given
much, but God will give more."  He afterwards found a mass of gold in the
place where the pigs had been rooting, and Patrick gave the mass of gold
to him (_i.e._, to Hono) for his land.  Tir-in-brotha is its name now.
Dixit Patricius, "Nec rex eris nec de semine tuo regnabit in aeternum."
Illius vero lacrimis misertus est Patricius, dicens, "Non erit rex quem
tua progenies non jurabit," etc., quod impletur.  Cenel Maic Erce is the
strongest and most powerful [sept] in Connacht, but they do not govern
like high-kings.  Ona, son of Aengus, son of Ere Derg (Ere the Red), son
of Brian, de quo Ui-Honach, presented his house to Patrick; and
Imlech-Onon was its name at that time: Ailfinn, moreover, [is its name]
this day; from the _ail_ (rock) taken out of the well which was made by
Patrick in the fair green, and which is on the brink of the well, the
place has been named.  Et dixit illi Patricius: "Thy seed shall be
blessed, and the palm of laics and clerics shall be of thee for ever, and
the inheritance of this place shall belong to them."  Et posuit ibi
Assicum et Bite filium fratris Assicus (Assici?) et Cipiam matrem Bitei.
Episcopus Assicus sanctus episcopus, faber aereus Patricii: and he made
altars, and four-cornered book-cases, and four-cornered dishes, in honor
of Patrick; and a four-cornered dish of them was in Ard-Macha, and
another in Ailfinn, and another in Domnach-mor of Magli-Seola, on the
altar of the holy bishop Felanus in Ui-Briuin-Seola, far westwards from
Ailfinn.  Assicus, however, fled northwards to Sliabh-Liag, in
Tir-Boghaine, where he was on an island for seven years.  And his monks
sought him, and found him, after much trouble, in the mountain glens; and
they brought him away with them; and Assicus died with them in the
desert, and they buried him in Rath-Cunga, in Seirthe.  And the king of
that county gave to him, and to his monks after his death, the pasture of
one hundred cows with their calves, and twenty oxen, as a perpetual
offering; for he said that he would not again go to Magh-Ai, on account
of the falsehood which had been said there of him.  His remains are in
Rath-Cunga, and to Patrick belongs the church, upon which the people of
Colum-Cilleand of Ard-Sratha have encroached.  Patrick went from Elphin
to Dumacha (the mounds) of Ui-Ailella, and built a church there, _i.e._,
Senchell-Dumaighe, and he left Machet in it, and Cetchen, and Rodan, a
noble priest, and Mathona, Benen's sister, who received the veil from
Patrick and from Rodan, and who was a servitor to them.

When Patrick was at Dumha-graidh, ordaining the great multitude, he
smiled.  "What is that?" asked Benen.  "Bron, and the monk Olcan," said
Patrick, "who came towards me along Traig-Eothaili, and my foster-son,
Mac-Erca, with them; a wave of the sea made a great dash, and tried to
carry off the youth."  This was a prophecy.  He (Patrick) went through
the territory of Ui-Oilella, and founded the church eastwards in
Tamhnagh, and it was built by God and men: et ipsa fecit amicitiam ad
reliquias Assici Rodani; et successores eorum epulabantur invicem.  Post
hoc autem possuerunt episcopum Cairellum juxta sanctam Ecclesiam in
Tamhnagh, quem ordinaverunt Episcopum Patricii, viz., Bronus et Biteus.
Patrick went afterwards to the fountain, _i.e._, Clibech, on the slopes
of Cruachan, at sunrise.  The clerics sat down at the fountain.
Laeghaire Mac Neill's two daughters, viz., Eithne the Fair, and Feidelm
the Red, went early to the fountain to wash their hands, as they were
wont to do, when they found the synod of clerics at the well, with white
garments, and their books, before them.  They wondered at the appearance
of the clerics, and imagined they were _fir-sidhe_, or phantoms.  They
questioned Patrick.  "Whence are you, and whither have you come?  Is it
from the _sidhe_?  Are you gods?"  Patrick said to them, "It would be
better for you to believe in God than to ask regarding our race."  The
elder daughter said, "Who is your God, and in what place is he, in heaven
or in earth? is it under the earth, or on the earth, or in seas, or in
streams, or in hills, or in valleys?  Has He sons and daughters? has He
gold and silver?  Is there a profusion of every good in his kingdom?
Tell us plainly how we shall see Him, and how is He to be loved, and how
is He to be found.  Is He young or old? or is He ever-living?  Is He
beautiful, or have many fostered His son, or is His daughter handsome,
and dear to men of the world?"  St. Patrick, full of the Holy Spirit,
responded, "Our God is the God of all, the God of heaven and earth, the
God of the seas and rivers, the God of the sun and moon, and all the
other planets; the God of the high hills and low valleys; God over
heaven, in heaven, and under heaven; and He has a mansion, _i.e._,
heaven, and the earth, and the sea, and all things that are in them.  He
inspireth all things.  He quickeneth all things.  He enkindleth all
things.  He giveth light to the sun, and to the moon.  He created
fountains in the dry land, and placed dry islands in the sea, and stars
to minister to the greater lights.  He hath a Son, coeternal and coequal
with Himself; and the Son is not younger than the Father, nor is the
Father older than the Son.  And the Holy Ghost breatheth in them.  And
the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Ghost are not divided.  I desire,
moreover, to unite you to the Son of the heavenly king, for ye are
daughters of an earthly king."  And the daughters said, as if with one
mouth and one heart, "How shall we come to believe in that king?  Teach
us duly, that we may see the Lord face to face--teach us, and we will do
as you will say to us."  Et dixit Patrici: "Do you believe that through
baptism the sin of your mother and of your father shall be put away from
you?"  They answered, "We believe."  "Do you believe in repentance after
sin?"  "Yes."  And they were baptized.  And Patrick blessed a white veil
upon their heads; and they desired to see Christ face to face.  And
Patrick said to them: "You cannot see Christ except that you first taste
death, and unless you receive the body of Christ and His blood."  And the
daughters replied, saying: "Give us the Communion, that we may be able to
see the Prophesied One."  And they after this received the Communion, and
fell asleep in death, and Patrick placed them under covering, and in one
bed [grave]; and their friends made a great lamentation over them.  The
druids then entered into conflict with Patrick, on account of the
daughters having believed, and having gone to heaven, _i.e._, Mael and
Caplait.  Caplait came crying against Patrick, for it was he [Caplait]
who fostered the second daughter.  Patrick preached to him, and he
believed, and he cut off his hair.  After this the other druid came,
_i.e._, Mael, and said to Patrick: "My brother has believed for thee,"
said he; "it shall not serve nor strengthen him," said he; "I will again
lead him into paganism."  And he was thus insulting Patrick; but Patrick
preached to him, and the druid believed in God and Patrick.  And Patrick
shaved him; and hence "Mael is like Caplait" is a proverb; for it was
together that they believed.  And the day of weeping was finished, and
the maidens were interred there; and Sen-Donahnagh of Magh-Ai was
presented to Patrick for ever.  And others say the relics of the maidens
were brought to Ard-Macha, where they await the resurrection.

Patrick went afterwards to Tir-Caireda, and he founded a church at
Ard-lice, _i.e._, Sen-Domhnach, and he left Deacon Caeman in it.  And
Patrick erected Ard-Senlis, ubi posuit Lalloc sanctam et tenuit locum in
Campo Nento; and they went with Bishop Cethech to his country.  Of the
race of Ailill was his mother; of Cenel-Sai [nigh] of Cinacht, from
Domhnach-Sairigi at Damhliac-Cianain; and it was Bishop Cethech's custom
to celebrate the great pasch in Domhnach-Sairigi; and in Ath-da-lorg, in
Kells, he celebrated the little pasch, with Comgilla; for Cethech's
people used to say that Comgilla was Cethech's servitor.  Patrick went
afterwards to the territory of Ui-Maine, and he left there an arch-priest
(or deacon) of his people, _i.e._, Deacon Juis, and he erected Fidharta;
and Patrick left his books of orders and baptism with him; and he
baptized the Ui-Maine; and Deacon Juis, in his old age, baptized Ciaran
mac-int-sair, from Patrick's book, quia cxl anni fuit quando Ciaran
baptizavit, ut aiunt peritissimi.  Patrick's Franks, moreover, left him,
viz., fifteen brothers and one sister, viz., Bernicius and Hibernicius,
and Hernicus, etc., and Nitria, the sister.  And many places were given
to them.  One of these is Imgoe of Baislic, between Hy-Maine and
Magh-Nai.  Patrick described to them the likeness of the place with his
finger, from Cill-Garad, quia venerunt ad Patricium ut obteret illis de
locis quos invenerent.  Patrick also founded Cill-Garad, where Cethech
[was left], and Ferta-gethich together.  Then it was that Patrick made
the well which is called Uaran-garad, and he loved this water very much,
ut ipse dixit:

  "Uaran-gar--[Uaran-gar]--
  O well! which I have loved, which loved me;
  Alas! my cry, O dear God!
  That my drink is not from the pure well."


Patrick went afterwards to Magh-Selcae, _i.e._, to Dumha-Selca, where
there were young men, the six sons of Brian, viz., Bolcderc, Derthacht,
Echen, Cremthann, Caelcharna, Echuid; and Patrick wrote three names there
in three stones, viz., Jesus, Soter, Salvator.  Patrick blessed the
Ui-Briuin from Dumha-Selca, and Patrick's seat is there between the
stones in quibus scripsit literas, et nona (_sic_) episcoporum cum illo
illic fuerunt, viz., Bronus of Caisel-Irra, Sachelus of Baislic-mor in
Ciarraighe, Brocaid of Imlech-ech (brother to Lomman of Ath-truim),
Bronachus, presbyter, Rodan, Cassan, Benen, comarb of Patrick, and Benen,
brother of Cethech, Felartus, bishop, and his sister, a nun there, and
another sister, quae sit insola in mari Conmaicne, _i.e._,
Croch-Cuile-Conmaicne.  And he founded a church on Loch-Selca, _i.e._,
Domhnach-mor of Magh-Selca, in quo baptizavit Ui-Briuin et benedixit.
Patrick went to Gregraidhe of Loch-Techet, and founded a church there in
Drumma, and dug a well thereat, and no stream went into or came out of
it, but it was always full, and its name is Bithlan (_i.e._, ever full).
He afterwards founded Cill-Atrachta in Gregraidhe, and [left] Talan's
daughter in it, who received a veil from Patrick's hand.  And he left a
_teisc_ and chalice with Atracht, the daughter of Talan, son of Cathbadh,
of the Gregraidhe of Loch-Teched, sister of Caemhan of Airdne-Caemhain.
Patrick blessed a veil on her head.  Drummana was the name of the place
in which they were; Machaire is its name to-day.  A _casula_ was sent
down from heaven on Patrick's breast.  "You shall have this _casula_, O
nun!" said Patrick.  "No," said she, "not to me was it given, but to
thyself."

He then went to the sons of Erc; they carried off Patrick's horses, and
Patrick cursed them, saying: "Your seed shall serve the seed of your
brother for ever."  Patrick went into Magh-Airtich, and blessed a
place,;_i.e._, Ailech-Airtigh, in Telach-na-cloch.  And he went
afterwards into Drummut of Ciarraighe-Airtigh, where he found two
brothers fighting regarding the father's land after his death, _viz_,
Bibar and Lochru, Tamanchend's two sons.  Patrick stretched out his arms,
and their hands became fixed to the swords, so that they were not able to
lift or lower them, "Sit ye," said Patrick; and he blessed them, and made
peace between them.  And they gave the land to Patrick, for their
father's soul.  And Patrick founded a church there, where Conu the
artifex is, the brother of Bishop Sechnall.  Patrick went subsequently to
Ciarraighe-Airne, where he met Ernaisc and his son Loarn under a tree,
and Patrick wrote an alphabet for him, and stayed a week with them, with
his twelve men.  And Patrick founded a church there, et tenuit ilium
abbatem (_sic_), et fuit quidem spiritu sancto plenus.

And Patrick went to Tobar-Mucno, and advanced to Senchill et fuit
Secundinus solus sub ulmo frondosa separatim, et est signum crucis in eo
loco usque in hunc diem.  And he afterwards went into the country of
Conmaicne, into Cuil-Tolaigh, and he founded four-cornered churches in
that place.  One of these is Ard-Uscon, etc.  He went to Magh-Cera, and
stopped at Cuil-Corra, and founded a church in that place, et baptizavit
multos.

Afterwards Patrick proceeded to Magh-Foimsen, where he met two brothers,
viz., Luchtae and Derclam.  Derclam sent his servant to kill Patrick, but
Luchtse prevented him, to whom Patrick said: "There shall be priests and
bishops of thy seed, and the race of thy brother shall be cursed, and
shall be few."  And he left in that place Cruimther-Conan, and went
afterwards to Tobar-Stringle in the desert, and he was two Sundays
[living] on that well.

Patrick went to the men of Umhall, to Achadh-Fobhair where Bishop Senach
was ordained.  The name Patrick conferred on him was "Agnus Dei."  And he
it was who asked the three requests of Patrick--viz., that he should not
oppose him as regards orders, that the place should not be called after
him, and that what was wanting to complete his age should be added to the
age of Mac Aenghusa.  It was for him (Mac Aenghusa) that Patrick wrote an
alphabet the day that Bishop Senach was ordained.  Patrick desired truly
to erect a _see_ at Achadh-Fobhair, when he said: "I would remain here,
on a small plot of land, after circumambulating churches and fastnesses;
for I am infirm, I would not go."  The angel said to Patrick:

  "Everything you select shall be yours--
  Every land, whether plain or rough,
  Both hills and churches,
  Both glens and woods,
  After circumambulating churches and fastnesses
  Though infirm, that you shall select."


Then Patrick left two trout alive in the well, and they will be there for
ever, as he said:

  "The two inseparable trout,
  Which would advance against perpetual streams,
  Without obligation, without transgression--
  Angels will be along with them in it."

Patrick went to Cruachan-Aighle on the Saturday of Whitsuntide.  The
angel went to converse with him, and said to him: "God will not give thee
what thou demandest; for He thinks the demands weighty and immense and
great."  "Is that His decision?" said Patrick.  "It is," answered the
angel.  "This is my decision, then," said Patrick: "I shall not leave
this Cruachan until I die or all the demands shall be given."  Patrick
was afterwards with illness of mind in Cruachan, without drink or food,
from Shrove Saturday to Easter Saturday, just like Moses, son of Amra;
for they were alike in many things.  God accosted them both out of the
fire; six score years was the age of each; the place of sepulture of both
is uncertain.  At the end of those forty nights and forty days the
mountain around him was filled with black birds, so that he could see
neither heaven nor earth.  He sang cursing psalms at them, but they went
not away from him.  He then became angry with them; he rang his bell at
them, so that the men of Erinn heard its sound.  And he flung it at them,
so that a gap was broken out of it, and that [bell] is Bernan-Brighte.

Patrick afterwards cried until his face and the front of his _casula_
(cowl) were wet.  No demon came after this to Erinn for the space of
seven years, and seven months, and seven days, and seven nights.

The angel subsequently went to protect Patrick, and he cleaned his
_casula_, and brought white birds about the Cruachan; and they used to
chant sweet melodies for him.  "I will bring so many souls from pain,"
said the angel, "and as many as would cover as far as your eye could