The Project Gutenberg eBook of The handy manual: A veritable mine of useful and interesting statistics, information, etc This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. Title: The handy manual: A veritable mine of useful and interesting statistics, information, etc Author: Anonymous Release date: August 8, 2022 [eBook #68711] Language: English Original publication: United States: A. B. Courtney, 1895 Credits: Demian Katz, Craig Kirkwood, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (Images courtesy of the Digital Library@Villanova University.) *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE HANDY MANUAL: A VERITABLE MINE OF USEFUL AND INTERESTING STATISTICS, INFORMATION, ETC *** Transcriber’s Note: Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). Additional Transcriber’s Notes are at the end. * * * * * MULTUM IN PARVO LIBRARY. Entered at the Boston Post Office as second class matter. Vol. 2. MARCH, 1895. Published Monthly. No. 15. The Handy Manual. A Veritable Mine of Useful and Interesting Statistics, Information, Etc. Smallest Magazine in the world. Subscription price 50 cts. per year. Single Copies 5 cts. each. PUBLISHED BY A. B. COURTNEY, Room 74, 45 Milk Street, BOSTON, MASS. Life of Various Animals. Elephant, 100 years and upward; Rhinoceros, 20; Camel, 100; Lion, 25 to 70; Tigers, Leopards, Jaguars and Hyenas (in confinement), about 25; Beaver, 50; Deer, 20; Wolf, 20; Fox, 14 to 16; Llamas, 15; Chamois, 25; Monkeys and Baboons, 16 to 18; Hare, 8; Squirrel, 7; Rabbit, 7; Swine, 25; Stag, under 50; Horse, 30; Ass, 30; Sheep, under 10; Cow, 20; Ox, 30; Swans, Parrots and Ravens, 200; Eagle, 100; Geese, 80; Hens and Pigeons, 10 to 16; Hawks, 30 to 40; Crane, 24; Blackbird, 10 to 12; Peacock, 20; Pelican, 40 to 50; Thrush, 8 to 10; Wren, 2 to 3; Nightingale, 15; Blackcap, 15; Linnet, 14 to 23; Goldfinch, 20 to 24; Redbreast, 10 to 12; Skylark, 10 to 30; Titlark, 5 to 6; Chaffinch, 20 to 24; Starling, 10 to 12; Carp, 70 to 150; Pike, 30 to 40; Salmon, 16; Codfish, 14 to 17; Eel, 10; Crocodiles, 100; Tortoise, 100 to 200; Whale, estimated, 1,000; Queen Bees live 4 years; Drones, 4 months; Worker Bees, 6 months. Freezing Points of Various Substances. Mercury freezes at 40° below zero, and melts at 39°. Ether freezes at 47° below zero; wine freezes at 20°; sea water freezes at 28.3°. Alcohol has been exposed to 110° and 120° below zero without freezing. Granite decomposes at a red heat. The second’s pendulum, of 39.139 ins. is lengthened by 30° of temperature 128th of an inch, or 3 vibrations in 24 hours. The heat conducting powers of metals, etc., are as follows: Gold, 1000°; platinum, 981°; silver, 973°; copper, 898.2°; iron, 374.3°; zinc, 363°; tin, 303.9°; lead, 179.5°; marble, 23.6°; porcelain, 12.2°; fine clay, 11.4°. 1 lb. of coke melts 94 pounds of ice; 1 lb. of coal, 90 lbs.; 1 lb. of wood, 52 lbs.; 1 lb. of charcoal, 95 lbs.; 1 lb. of peat, 19 lbs. The capacity of the solar heat all over the globe is the ability to melt an icy covering 46 feet in thickness. How Money Accumulates. The following shows how easy it is to accumulate a fortune, provided proper steps are taken. The table shows what would be the result at the end of fifty years by saving a certain amount each day and putting it at interest at the rate of six per cent: _Daily Savings._ _The Result._ One cent $ 950 Ten cents 9,504 Twenty cents 19,006 Thirty cents 28,512 Forty cents 38,015 Fifty cents 47,520 Sixty cents 57,024 Seventy cents 66,528 Eighty cents 76,032 Ninety cents 85,537 One dollar 95,041 Five dollars 375,208 Nearly every person wastes enough in twenty or thirty years, which, if saved and carefully invested, would make a family quite independent; but the principle of small savings has been lost sight of in the general desire to become wealthy. By the way, would you like to get a famous book telling how to get rich? We have published a book of 54 great secrets, and will send it postpaid with 11 other books (12 volumes in all) on receipt of only ten cents. Address your order to Keystone Book Co., P. O. Box 1634, Philadelphia, Pa. Each of the books referred to above is excellently printed and sure to give satisfaction. Interesting Facts. The Atlantic Ocean includes an area of 30,000,000 square miles. Suppose an inch of rain to fall upon only one-fifth of this vast expanse, it would weigh 360,000,000 tons, and the salt which, as water, is held in solution in the sea, and which, when the water was taken up as a vapor, was left behind to disturb the equilibrium, weighed 16,000,000 more tons, or nearly twice as much as all the ships in the world could carry at a cargo each. It might fall in a day; but occupy what time it might in falling, this rain is calculated to exert so much force--which is inconceivably great--in disturbing the equilibrium of the ocean. If all the water discharged by the Mississippi River during the year were taken up in mighty measure, and cast in the ocean at an effort, it would not make a greater disturbance in the equilibrium of the sea than the fall of rain supposed. And yet so gentle are the operations of nature that movements so vast are unperceived. Another interesting fact is that you can get a beautiful garnet and opal ring absolutely free. This great offer is made by a reliable firm to introduce their goods. Send twelve cents in stamps to W. S. Everett & Co., 113 Munroe Street, Lynn, Mass., requesting them to mail you a sample of their celebrated Perfumery, and they will mail free with it a beautiful garnet and opal ring. Send them strip of paper showing size around your finger. Remarkable Plagues. Duration and mortality of some of the great disasters of history. Date. Place. Deaths. Weeks. Deaths per Week. 1656 Naples 380,000 28 10,400 1665 London 68,800 33 2,100 1720 Marseilles 39,100 36 1,100 1771 Moscow 87,800 32 2,700 1778 Constantinople 170,000 18 9,500 1798 Cairo 88,000 25 3,500 1812 Constantinople 144,000 13 11,100 1834 Cairo 57,000 18 3,200 1835 Alexandria 14,900 17 900 1871 Buenos Ayres 26,300 11 2,400 Length of the Principal Rivers. EUROPE. The Danube, 1,800 miles; Dnieper, 1,260; Don, 1,120; Rhine, 691; Elbe, 800; Rhone, 650; Volga, 2,800. ASIA. Ganges, 1,970; Irrawaddy, 2,600; Indus, 2,300; Euphrates, 1,750; Amoor, 2,800; Yang-tse-Kiang, 3,300; Hoang-Ho, 2,700; Zambesi, 800; Yenesi, 3,250; Obi, 2,700. AFRICA. Nile, 2,500; Niger, 2,600; Senegal, 1,900; Gambia, 1,700. AMERICA. Missouri to the Mississippi, 3,100; Missouri to the Gulf, 4,350; Mississippi, 3,160; Amazon, 3,600; River De La Plata, 2,240; St. Lawrence, 2,100; Orinoco, 1,600; Rio Grande, 1,800. Weights in Carats of Six Largest Diamonds. Kohinoor, 106; Star of the South, 125; Regent, 137; Austrian Yellow, 139; Orloff, 193; Rajah of Matan, 367. Their value is not regulated by size, not easy to estimate, but none of them is worth less than $500,000. Largest of Their Kind. The largest ocean in the world is the Pacific. The largest sea is the Mediterranean. River, the Amazon. Gulf, Mexico. Cape, Horn. Lake, Superior. Bay, Bengal. Island, Australia. City, London. Public building, St. Peter’s, Rome. Hotel, Palace, San Francisco. Steamer, Great Eastern. Desert, Sahara. Theatre, Grand Opera House, Paris. State, Texas. Territory, Dakota. Park, the Phœnix Park, Dublin. Highest mountain, Kunchainyunga, Himalayas. Sound, Long Island. Largest railroad, Union Pacific and Central Pacific. Canal, Grand Canal, China. Suspension Bridge, Brooklyn. Largest railroad depot, St. Pancras, London. Largest room in the world under single roof, military one, St. Petersburg. Strongest fort, Gibraltar. Longest ship, the Romsdal. Sailing ship of greatest tonnage, the Three Brothers. Largest Monument, Washington. Largest statue, Bartholdi. The Thirteen Original States. States. Ratified the Constitution. 1 Delaware 1787, December 7. 2 Pennsylvania 1787, December 12. 3 New Jersey 1787, December 18. 4 Georgia 1788, January 2. 5 Connecticut 1788, January 9. 6 Massachusetts 1788, February 6. 7 Maryland 1788, April 28. 8 South Carolina 1788, May 23. 9 New Hampshire 1788, June 21. 10 Virginia 1788, June 26. 11 New York 1788, July 26. 12 North Carolina 1789, November 21. 13 Rhode Island 1790, May 29. Common Errors. Here are a few words that are frequently mispronounced: Acclimate, say ak-_kli_-mate, not _ak_-kli-mate. Bartholdi, say Bar-_tol_-de, not Bar-_thol_-de. Bronchitis, say bron-_ki_-tis, not bron-_kee_-tis. Calliope, say kal-_li_-op-y, not kal-li-_ope_. Conduit, say _kon_-dit, not _kon_-du-it. Conversant, say _kon_-ver-sant, not kon-_ver_-sant. What Six Cents Will Do. Everybody enjoys fun. Our new _prize_ collection consists of a false moustache, comic songs, funny pictures, photos of pretty girls, money making secrets, guide to dreams, etc. We will send the prize collection, postpaid, on receipt of only six 1 cent stamps if you mention that you saw the offer on page 7 of The Handy Manual. Address: W. S. Everett & Co., 113 Munroe St., Lynn, Mass. The Territories. Territories. Organized. New Mexico September 9, 1850. Utah September 9, 1850. Arizona February 24, 1863. Indian June 30, 1834. District of Columbia { July 16, 1790. { March 3, 1791. Alaska July 27, 1868. Oklahoma May 2, 1890. Census of the United States. The following table exhibits the population of the United States according to each census taken: 1st. 1790 3,929,328 2d. 1800 5,305,925 3d. 1810 7,289,814 4th. 1820 9,638,181 5th. 1830 12,866,026 6th. 1840 17,069,453 7th. 1850 23,191,876 8th. 1860 31,443,321 9th. 1870 38,558,371 10th. 1880 50,155,783 11th. 1890 62,622,250 Great Waterfalls. Heights of remarkable waterfalls in this country and elsewhere: Feet. Nile Cataracts, Upper Egypt 40 Tivoli Cascade, near Rome 40 Falls of St. Anthony, Upper Mississippi 60 Passaic Falls, New Jersey 71 Waterfall Mountain Cascade, South Africa 85 Missouri Falls, North America 90 Genesee Falls, Rochester, N. Y. 96 Lidford Cascade, Devonshire, England 100 Niagara, North America 164 Fryer’s near Lochness, Scotland 200 Mont Morency Falls, Quebec, Canada 250 Falls of Terni, near Rome 300 Natchikin Falls, Kamschatka 300 Lanterbaum, Lake Theen, Switzerland 900 Falls of Arve, Savoy 1,100 Cerosola Cascade, Alps, Switzerland 2,400 Values of Old Coins, Stamps, Etc. Are you aware that there are in circulation hundreds of dates and varieties of coins which could be sold to coin brokers at rates in excess of their par value? These brokers purchase the coins to sell to coin collectors (numismatists) most of whom are wealthy, and when anxious for certain dates or kinds to complete their sets, they sometimes pay enormous prices, even offering as high as $5,000 for a certain U. S. coin of 1848. It often happens that coins which seem to be very common are wanted by the brokers, and if the ones who handle such only had a reliable list, they could ascertain their real value. Only a short time since the daily newspapers contained a statement about how a shoemaker took a coin in change, as ordinary money, and happening to be in the habit of comparing his coins with a Coin Manual, he found that this piece was valuable, and sold it the next day for $1,100. Even recent dates are sometimes valuable, for instance, quarters and half dollars of 1853 are worth from $5 to $10, a cent of 1856 brings $3, but we cannot undertake to give further examples as there are hundreds of them. Many people have become rich by keeping their eyes open for old coins, why not you? The best places to find them are in the country districts. Numerous Canadian and other foreign coins are worth big sums. We might also add that similarly high prices are paid for old stamps taken from envelopes that have been through the mails. Even the most common kind are saleable in quantities, and if you get the best book of prices of stamps, you will find that there is no humbug in the oft-repeated story of the “value of a million stamps” or even a single stamp, oftentimes. In order to get fully posted get the two most reliable coin and stamp books. They contain information more reliable than any that you can find elsewhere. Both books are revised right up to this month and contain the names and addresses of reliable coin and stamp brokers with whom you can deal. Although the books may be worth many dollars, perhaps a fortune to you, we will send both volumes, postpaid, on receipt of only ten cents, silver or stamps. Send your order for these books to the U. S. Supply Co., Box 329, Lynn, Mass. Although you may obtain these books any time during the next twenty years, it may be best to send at once so as to lose no opportunities. Statistics of the Globe. The earth is inhabited by about 1,500 million of inhabitants, viz: Of the Caucasian race 460,000,000 Of the Mongolian 550,000,000 Of the Ethiopian 190,000,000 Of the Malay 300,000,000 Of the American Indian 1,000,000 There are about 3,064 languages spoken in the world, and its inhabitants profess more than 1,000 different religions. The number of men is about equal to the number of women. The average of human life is about 33 years. One-quarter die previous to the age of 7 years, one-half before reaching 17, and those who pass this age enjoy a felicity refused one-half of the human species. To every 1,000 persons, only 1 reaches 100 years of life; to every 100, only 6 reach the age of 65; and not more than 1 in 500 lives to 80 years of age. There are on the earth 1,000,000,000 inhabitants; of these 33,333,333 die every year, 91,824 every day, 3,730 every hour, and 60 every minute, or 1 every second. The married are longer lived than the single, and above all, those who observe a sober and industrious conduct. Tall men live longer than short ones. Women have more chances of life in their favor previous to their being 50 years of age than men have, but fewer afterward. The number of marriages is in the proportion of 75 to every 1,000 individuals. Marriages are more frequent after the equinoxes, that is, during the months of June and December. Those born in the spring are more robust than others. Births and deaths are more frequent by night than by day. The number of men capable of bearing arms is calculated at one-fourth of the population. The Origin of Postage Stamps. The origin of the postage stamp had a tinge of romance in it. It was thirty-seven years ago that Rowland Hill, while crossing a district in the north of England, arrived at the door of an inn where a postman had stopped to deliver a letter. A young girl came out to receive it; she turned it over and over in her hand and asked the price of postage. This was a large sum, and evidently the girl was poor, for the postmaster demanded a shilling. She sighed sadly and said the letter was from her brother, but that she had no money, and so she returned the letter to the postman. Touched with pity, Mr. Hill paid the postage and gave the letter to the girl, who seemed very much embarrassed. Scarcely had the postman turned his back, when the young inn-keeper’s daughter confessed that it was a trick between her and her brother. Some signs on the envelope told her all she wanted to know, but the letter contained no writing. “We are both so poor,” she added, “that we invented this mode of corresponding without paying for the letters.” The traveler, continuing his road, asked himself if a system giving rise to such frauds was not a vicious one? Before sunset Rowland had planned to organize the postal service upon a new basis--with what success is known to the world. Wedding Anniversaries. First Cotton. Second Paper. Third Leather. Fifth Wooden. Seventh Woollen. Tenth Tin. Twelfth Silk and fine linen. Fifteenth Crystal. Twentieth China. Twenty-fifth Silver. Thirtieth Pearl. Fortieth Ruby. Fiftieth Golden. Seventy-fifth Diamond. How Man is Constructed. The average weight of an adult man is 140 pounds 6 ounces. The average weight of a skeleton is about fourteen pounds. Number of bones, 240. The skeleton measures one inch less than the living man. The average weight of the brain of a man is three and a half pounds; of a woman, two pounds eleven ounces. The brain of man exceeds twice that of any other animal. The average height of an Englishman is five feet nine inches; and of a Belgian, five feet six and three-quarter inches. The average weight of an Englishman is 150 pounds; of a Frenchman, 136 pounds; a Belgian, 140 pounds. The average number of teeth is thirty-two. A man breathes about twenty times a minute, or 1,200 times an hour. A man breathes about eighteen pints of air in a minute, or upwards of seven hogsheads in a day. A man gives off 4.08 per cent carbonic gas of the air he respires; respires 10,666 cubic feet of carbonic acid gas in twenty-four hours, equal to 125 cubic inches common air. A man annually contributes to vegetation 124 pounds of carbon. The average of the pulse in infancy is 120 per minute; in manhood, 80; at 60 years, 60. The pulse of females is more frequent than that of males. Height of Monuments, Towers and Structures. The height, in feet, of the most lofty monuments and other structures in the world is given in the following table: Feet. Washington Monument, Washington, D. C. 555 Pyramid of Cheops, Egypt 543 Antwerp Cathedral, Belgium 476 Strasburg Cathedral, France 474 Tower of Utrecht, Holland 464 St. Stephen’s Steeple, Vienna 460 Pyramid of Cephenes, Egypt 456 St. Martin’s Church, Bavaria 456 St. Peter’s, Rome 448 Salisbury Spire, England 410 St. Paul’s, London, England 404 Denominations and Sects. English-speaking populations, according to creeds: Episcopalians 21,100,000 Methodists of all descriptions 15,800,000 Roman Catholics 14,340,000 Presbyterians of all descriptions 10,500,000 Baptists of all descriptions 8,180,000 Congregationalists 6,000,000 Unitarians 1,000,000 Free Thought 1,100,000 Minor Religious Sects 2,000,000 Of no particular religion 9,000,000 ---------- English-speaking population 89,020,000 Area of Oceans. The area of the five oceans of the globe is as follows: Pacific 71,000,000 square miles Atlantic 30,000,000 “ Indian 28,000,000 “ Antarctic 8,500,000 “ Arctic 4,500,000 “ Area and Depth of Inland Seas. In the following table are given the area and depth of the principal lakes and inland seas of the world: Name. Size. Depth. Caspian Sea 176,000 sq. miles 250 feet. Sea of Aral 30,000 “ 100 “ Dead Sea 303 “ 200 “ Lake Baikal 12,000 “ 750 “ Lake Superior 32,000 “ 1,000 “ Lake Michigan 22,400 “ 1,000 “ Lake Huron 21,000 “ 1,000 “ Lake Erie 10,815 “ 204 “ Lake Ontario 6,300 “ 336 “ Lake Nicaragua 6,000 “ 300 “ Lake Titacana 3,012 “ 800 “ Salt Lake 1,875 “ 1,400 “ Lake Tchad 14,000 “ 350 “ Lake Ladoga 12,000 “ 1,200 “ Population of the Earth. Inhabitants. Continental Area in Per Sq. Divisions. Sq. Miles. No. Mile. Africa 11,514,000 127,000,000 11.0 America, N. 6,446,000 89,250,000 13.8 America, S. 6,837,000 36,420,000 5.0 Asia 14,710,000 850,000,009 57.7 Australasia 3,288,000 4,730,000 1.4 Europe 3,555,000 380,200,000 106.9 Polar Regions 4,888,800 300,000 0.7 ---------- ------------- ----- Total 51,238,800 1,487,900,000 29.0 States Admitted to the Union. States. Admitted. 1 Vermont 1791, March 4. 2 Kentucky 1792, June 1. 3 Tennessee 1796, June 1. 4 Ohio 1802, November 29. 5 Louisiana 1812, April 30. 6 Indiana 1816, December 11. 7 Mississippi 1817, December 10. 8 Illinois 1818, December 3. 9 Alabama 1819, December 14. 10 Maine 1820, March 15. 11 Missouri 1821, August 10. 12 Arkansas 1836, June 15. 13 Michigan 1837, January 26. 14 Florida 1845, March 3. 15 Texas 1845, December 29. 16 Iowa 1846, December 28. 17 Wisconsin 1848, May 29. 18 California 1850, September 9. 19 Minnesota 1858, May 11. 20 Oregon 1859, February 14. 21 Kansas 1861, January 29. 22 West Virginia 1863, June 19. 23 Nevada 1864, October 31. 24 Nebraska 1867, March 1. 25 Colorado 1876, August 1. 26 North Dakota 1889, November 2. 27 South Dakota 1889, November 2. 28 Montana 1889, November 8. 29 Washington 1889, November 11. 30 Idaho 1890, July 3. 31 Wyoming 1890, July 11. * * * * * Transcriber’s Notes: Punctuation has been made consistent. *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE HANDY MANUAL: A VERITABLE MINE OF USEFUL AND INTERESTING STATISTICS, INFORMATION, ETC *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. START: FULL LICENSE THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license. Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works 1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. 1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. 1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge with others. 1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States. 1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: 1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed: This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. 1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. 1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™. 1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License. 1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. 1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that: • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.” • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works. • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work. • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works. 1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. 1.F. 1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. 1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem. 1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. 1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. 1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause. Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™ Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life. Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org. Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws. The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS. The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate. While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate. International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate. Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org. This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.