The Project Gutenberg eBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 114, January 3, 1852 This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 114, January 3, 1852 Author: Various Editor: George Bell Release date: July 8, 2012 [eBook #40171] Language: English Credits: Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. V, NUMBER 114, JANUARY 3, 1852 *** Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) [Transcriber's note: Original spelling variations have not been standardized. Characters with macrons have been marked in brackets with an =equal= sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on top. _Underscores_ have been used to mark _italic_ fonts. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has been added at the end.] NOTES AND QUERIES: A Medium of Inter-Communication FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. "When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. VOLUME FIFTH. JANUARY--JUNE, 1852 LONDON: GEORGE BELL, 186. FLEET STREET. 1852. NOTES AND QUERIES: A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. "When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. VOL. V.--No. 114. SATURDAY, JANUARY 3. 1852. Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5_d._ CONTENTS. Page Our Fifth Volume 1 NOTES:-- Stops, when first introduced, by Sir Henry Ellis 1 Preaching from Texts in Cornwall, by E. Smirke 2 On the Expression "Richly deserved," by D. Jardine 3 The Caxton Coffer, by Bolton Corney, &c. 3 Admonition to the Parliament, by J. Payne Collier 4 Folk Lore:--New Year's Rain; Saxon Spell--Fishermen's Superstitions 5 The Author of Hudibras at Ludlow Castle, by Peter Cunningham 5 Dr. Franklin's Tract on Liberty and Necessity, by Jas. Crossley 6 Early Flemish Illustrations of Early English Literature, by William J. Thoms 6 Minor Notes:--Family Likenesses--Bloomerism in the Sixteenth Century--Inscriptions at Much Wenlock and on Statue of Queen Anne at Windsor 7 QUERIES:-- The Age of Trees--The Great Elm at Hampstead, by John Bruce 8 Minor Queries:--"Inveni portum;" "For they, 'twas they"--Matthew Walker--Aleclenegate--Smothering Hydrophobic Patients--Philip Twisden, Bishop of Raphoe--"Sir Edward Seaward's Narrative," edited by Miss Jane Porter--Clerical Members of Parliament--Allens of Rossull--Number of the Children of Israel--Computatio Eccles. Anglic.--Martinique, &c. 10 MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Mutabilitie of France--Caldoriana Societas--Millers of Meath--Kissing under the Mistletoe--Trinity Chapel, Knightsbridge--"Please the Pigs"--Meaning of Barnacles--The Game of Curling 12 REPLIES:-- Saint Irene and the Island of Santorin, by Sir J. E. Tennent 14 The Old Countess of Desmond--Who was she? No. II. 14 Collar of SS., by Edward Foss, &c. 16 Replies to Minor Queries:--Tregonwell Frampton--Longueville MSS.--Cooper's Miniature of Cromwell--Pope and Flatman--Voltaire--Tudur Aled--Latin Verse on Franklin 16 MISCELLANEOUS:-- Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 18 Books and Odd Volumes wanted 18 Notices to correspondents 18 Advertisements 19 OUR FIFTH VOLUME. Although We cannot commence our Fifth Volume, and the First of our enlarged Series, without some reference to so important an event in the history of "NOTES AND QUERIES," our address shall be as "brief as the posey of a ring." We heartily and earnestly express our thanks to all our friends, whether Contributors or Readers, for the favour they have shown us, and the encouragement and support which have rendered the enlargement of our paper necessary. We entered upon our course with the support of many distinguished friends, whose varied acquirements stamped an immediate value on "NOTES AND QUERIES," and gave it a character which raised it to its present position among the periodicals of the country. The present number bears witness for us, that whilst we have retained our old friends, which we acknowledge with pride and thankfulness, we have added to the number many new ones. We have striven, and shall ever continue to strive, to unite them together into one goodly band, feeling assured that by that union we bring into the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES" the learning, kindliness, aptitude, and diversity of talent and subject, which are necessary to ensure its usefulness, and therefore its success. To all our Friends and Contributors, both old and new, we offer in their several degrees the tribute of our grateful thanks, and our heartiest wishes that we may pass together MANY HAPPY NEW YEARS! Notes. STOPS, WHEN FIRST INTRODUCED. In casually looking into a little work entitled _The Tablet of Memory_, I found an entry which informed me that "stops in literature were introduced in 1520: the colon, 1580; semicolon, 1599." Upon what authority the dates here quoted may have been supposed to rest, I have no notion. The comma, beyond question I believe, has been derived from the short oblique line which, both in manuscripts and in early printed books, is continually seen to divide portions of sentences. The colon is of very old date, derived from the [Greek: kôlon] of the Greeks, the part of a period. In printing, we find it in the Mazarine Bible soon after 1450; and in the block books, believed to be of still earlier date. Herbert, in his edition of Ames's _Typographical Antiquities_, p. 512., notices the first semicolon he had met with in an edition of Myles Coverdale's New Testament, printed in 1538 by Richard Grafton. It was in the Dedication, and, he says, a solitary instance in the book. The only semicolon he subsequently met with, was in a book printed by Thomas Marshe in 1568, on Chess. Ibid. p. 358. Herbert says, both seem to have been used accidentally. Puttenham, in his _Arte of English Poesie_, 4to., 1589, in his chapter of "Cesure," says:-- "The ancient reformers of language invented these names of pauses, one of lesse leasure than another, and such several intermissions of sound, to serve (besides easement to the breath) for a treble distinction of sentences or parts of speech, as they happened to be more or lesse perfect in sense. The shortest pause, or intermission, they called _comma_, as who would say a piece of a speech cut off. The second they called _colon_, not a piece, but as it were a member, for his larger length, because it occupied twice an much time as the comma. The third they called _periodus_, for a complement or full pause, and as a resting place and perfection of so much former speech as had been uttered, and from whence they needed not to passe any further, unless it were to renew more matter to enlarge the tale." The "three pauses, comma, colon, and periode," with the interrogative point, appear to have been all which were known to Puttenham. Puttenham's _Arte of Poesie_ has been already mentioned as printed in 1589. In the Countess of Pembroke's _Arcadia_, printed by W. Ponsonby in the very next year, 1590, the semicolon may be seen in the first page. A book printed at Edinburgh in 1594 has not the semicolon; the use of it had not, apparently, arrived in Scotland. That an earlier use of the semicolon had been made upon the Continent is probable. It occurs in the _Sermone di Beato Leone Papa_, 4to., Flor. 1485, the last point in the book. The interrogative point, or note of interrogation, probably derived from the Greek, occurs frequently in Wilson's _Arte of Rhetorique_, 4to., 1553. Some reader of your "NOTES AND QUERIES," better informed than myself, may possibly throw further light upon the English adoption of stops in literature. HENRY ELLIS. PREACHING FROM TEXTS IN CORNWALL. Your correspondents have already pointed out the very early prevalence of this usage, but the inquiry has brought to my recollection an instance which incidentally affords some curious information respecting the several languages formerly current in the western parts of this island. It was lately published, among numerous other extracts, from the registers of the see of Exeter, in the valuable _Monasticon Dioecesis Exoniensis_ of Dr. Oliver, pp. 11, 12. In 1336, Grandison, then Bishop of Exeter, made a visitation of his diocese. At the western extremity of it, is situate the deanery or collegiate church of St. Burian, which has always claimed to be exempt from episcopal visitation, or at least from ordinary jurisdiction. It is probable that, on one occasion of this disputed exemption, the parishioners of this remote district at the Land's End had given offence to the Bishop or his functionaries. In company with the Lords Mortimer, D'Awney, and Bloyhon (probably an ancestor of your correspondent BLOWEN), and a large staff of archdeacons, chancellors, canons, chaplains, and familiars, the Bishop visited the church of St. Burian, and obtained from the parishioners a solemn promise of future obedience to his spiritual authority. The promise was made by the greater parishioners in English and French, and by the rest in Cornish, which the rector of St. Just (a parish which has lately obtained some celebrity by the Gorham controversy) interpreted to his lordship. Having absolved them, he then preached a long sermon on the text, "_Eratis sicut oves errantes conversi ad pastorem episcopum animarum vestrarum_," which the rector of St. Just there interpreted in Cornish. It is not stated in the record what language was used by the Bishop in his sermon; but if he preached, as one of his successors, Bishop Lacy, is known to have done, in the language of his text, the business of explanation must have been rather troublesome. As he is said to have "successively" preached this sermon there,--"_successivè ibidem publicè prædicavit supra sumpto themate_,"--it is possible that he had to repeat his sermon in more languages than one. It is at all events certain, that _three_ languages at least were employed, and that the Bishop did not understand Cornish, nor the Cornish men the Bishop. The names of the "major parishioners," that is, of the gentlemen of the district, are appended to the document, and are all (except perhaps one) genuine Cornish families, including the Boscawens and Vyvyans of the present day. They gave in their adhesion to the Bishop in English and French, and must therefore have understood one or both of those languages. Of the Bishop's chaplains, only one has a Cornish name; and the interpreter and rector of the adjacent parish of St. Just, Henry Marseley, was also probably not a Cornubian. I may mention that the penitent parishioners very prudently reserved the king's rights. As the king claimed the deanery of St. Burian as a royal peculiar exempt from ordinary jurisdiction, and eventually made good his claim, it is plain that neither the promises of the parishioners nor the polyglot sermon of the Bishop, could have had any lasting effect. The patronage was soon after conferred on the Black Prince, and through him transmitted to the present Duke of Cornwall, by whose spontaneous act this obnoxious exemption from episcopal control was wholly and for ever renounced within the last two years. The successor of Grandison may now, therefore, visit the churches of the deanery, excommunicate the ministers and parishioners, and interrogate presentees, without let or hindrance; and, since the language of Cornwall died with old Dolly Pentreath, his lordship will not require the hermeneutic services either of the present or the _late incumbent_ of St. Just. E. SMIRKE. ON THE EXPRESSION "RICHLY DESERVED." I was a few days ago induced to consider whence the common expression "richly deserved" could be derived. It is used by Addison and his contemporaries, but I have not been able to find it in writers of an earlier period. Possibly the reading of some of your contributors may supply instances of its occurrence which may prove more precisely its origin and history. The phrase, in its literal sense, is anomalous and unmeaning. We may properly say that a reward or punishment has been "fully deserved" or, by a common mode of exaggeration, we may say that a thing has been "abundantly deserved:" but "richly deserved" seems a false figure of speech, and presents to the mind an obvious incongruity of ideas. Dr. Johnson cites a passage from Addison, in which chastisement is said to have been "richly deserved," and says that it is used ironically to signify "truly" or "abundantly." Of the meaning of the expression--now by usage become trivial--there can, of course, be no doubt; but how came so inappropriate a thought as _wealth_ to be applied to desert? The inaptitude of the expression suggests the presumption that it is a corruption of some more correct phrase; and I venture to throw out a conjecture, for confirmation or refutation by the more extensive reading of some of your philological contributors, that it is corrupted through the medium of oral pronunciation from "righteously deserved." In one of the prayers of the Litany, in our Book of Common Prayer, is the expression, "Turn from us all those evils which we most righteously have deserved." "Righteously" is itself a barbarous corruption of an excellent English word, "rightwisely," which is used by Bishop Fisher and other old writers. Our ancient kings were said to be "rightwise" kings of England, and to hold their prerogatives and titles "rightwisely;" and in the Liturgies of Edward VI. the word "rightwisely" is found, instead of "righteously," in the prayer of the Litany above-mentioned. Now "rightwisely deserved" is an expression as strictly logical and correct, as "richly deserved" is the contrary; and as "righteously" is clearly a corruption of "rightwisely," may not "richly," when applied to desert, be corrupted immediately from "righteously," and ultimately from "rightwisely?" D. JARDINE. THE CAXTON COFFER. If I were to print the explanation which follows without also producing evidence that it had escaped the notice of those to whose works all students in early English bibliography have recourse, it would seem like advancing a claim to discovery on very slight grounds. I must therefore quote Ames, Herbert, and Dibdin. "_The history of Lombardy_, translated from the Latin [by William Caxton], is mentioned by Pitts."--J. AMES, 1749. "I take this _History of Lombardy_ to be no other than 'the gestis of the Lombardes and of Machomet wyth other cronycles,' added to the life of St. Pelagyen in the _Golden legend_, and printed separately for the use of the commonality [sic], who could not purchase so large a folio."--W. HERBERT, 1785; T. F. DIBDIN, 1810. Both Bale and Pits ascribe to Caxton the translation of a work entitled _Historia Lumbardica_. Ames, as we have seen, states the fact with regard to Pits, but had met with no such work; Herbert, by way of explanation, assumes the existence of a publication of which no one had before heard; and Dibdin, who had far superior means of information, repeats the observations of Herbert without the addition of one word expressive of assent or dissent. May we not infer their inability to solve the problem? The conjecture of Herbert is very plausible. One fact, however, is worth a score of conjectures; and the fact, in this case, is that in the earlier editions of the Latin legend the title is _Legenda sanctorum sive historia Longobardica_. Jacques de Voragine, the author of the work in question, was a Lombard by birth, and archbishop of Genoa. Now _Lombardi_ and _Longobardi_ were synonymous terms--as we see in Du Fresne; and so were their derivatives. With this explanation, it must be admitted that the _Historia Lumbardica_ of Bale and Pits is no other than the _Golden legend_! BOLTON CORNEY. Since my last communication, I have ascertained that "Caxton," in Cambridgeshire was also designated "Causton." In the _Abbrev. Rot. Origin._, 41 E. 3., Rot. 42., we have-- "Cantabr. Joh[=e]s Freville dat viginti marcas [p=] li[=e] feoffandi Joh[=e]m de Carleton et Joh[=e]m de Sel[=v]le de man'io de _Causton_," &c. And in _Cal. Inq._, p. m., 4 R. 2., No. 23., we have-- "Elena uxor Joh[=e]s Frevill Ch[=r]. _Caxton_ maner 3a pars--Cantabr." We have, then, in Cambridgeshire "Causton" and "Caxton" used indifferently for the same manor. There need be no difficulty, therefore, in identifying the name of "Caxton" with "Causton" manor in Hadlow. We have advanced, then, one step further in our investigation, and the case at present stands thus: Caxton says of himself that he was born in the Weald of Kent. Fuller, as cited by MR. BOLTON CORNEY, says, "William Caxton was born in that town [sc. Caxton]." In the Weald of Kent is a manor called Causton (to which we may now add) alias Caxton, which manor was owned in the middle of the fourteenth century by a family of the same name (from whom it had passed a century later), and held of the honour of Clare, the lords of which honour, in the fifteenth century, were that ducal and royal house, by which William Caxton was warmly patronised. From these data we will hope that some of your correspondents may deduce materials for satisfactorily fixing the place of Caxton's birth. Is there upon record any note of armorial bearings, or of any badge used by Caxton? Should there be, and we find such to be at all connected with the bearings of the lords of Causton, it will be additional evidence in our favour. LAMBERT B. LARKING. In the body of St. Alphege Church, Canterbury, is the following monumental inscription: "Pray for the sawlys of John Caxton and of Jone And Isabel that to this church great good hath done In making new in the chancell Of Dexkys and Setys aswell An Antiphon the which did bye With a table of the martyrdome of St. Alphye Forthing much which did pay And departed out of this life of October the 12 day And Isabel his second wiff Passed to blisse where is no strife The xijt day to tell the trowth Of the same moneth as our Lord knoweth In the yeare of our Lord God a thousand fower hundred fowerscore and five." What relation (if any) was the above to the typographer? They must have been co-existent, and the "Note" may perhaps be a step in the right direction for arriving at the true "stock" of the _Caxton Coffer_. FRANCISCUS. ADMONITION TO THE PARLIAMENT. I never had the good fortune to see a copy of the book called _An Admonition to the Parliament_, but I find a full description of it in Herbert's _Ames_, iii. 1631., under the date of 1572, from which I gather that it had been printed four times anterior to that year. It was written by two puritanical divines, Field and Wilcox, and contained such an attack upon the bishops, that they did their utmost to suppress it; but Whitgift, nevertheless, gave it additional notoriety by publishing an answer to it, which came out originally in 1571, and was reprinted in 1572 and 1573 (Herbert's _Ames_, ii. 934.). I have not Strype at hand to see what he says about the _Admonition_, and the reply to it; but some time ago I met with a letter among the Lansdown MSS. (No. 27.) which relates to the _Admonition_, and shows that Thomas Woodcock, a well known stationer, had been confined in Newgate by the Bishop of London (Aylmer) for selling it. It is dated 9th Dec. 1578, and is subscribed by five of the most distinguished and respectable printers and publishers of that day, soliciting Lord Burghley (to whom it is addressed) to interfere on behalf of the poor prisoner. It runs precisely in the following form: "Our humble duties unto your good L. premised. May it please the same to be advertised, that one Thomas Woodcock, an honest young man, and one of our Company, hathe bin imprisoned in Newgate by the L. Bishopp of London theis six dayes, for sellinge of certaine bookes called the _Admonition to the Parliament_. Dyvers of the poore mans frendes have bin earnest suitors unto the Bishopp of London for his libertie: his L. aunswere unto them is, that he neither can nor will do any thinge without your L. consent, signified by your letters or warrant. It may therfore please your honor, in consideration of the premisses and our humble request, either to direct your L. warrant for his enlargement, or els to signifie your pleasure unto the L. Bishopp of London to take order herein accordingly, the said poore man first puttinge in sufficient bond to appeare at all tymes when he shalbe called, and readdy to aunswere to any matters whatsoever shalbe objected against him. Thus prayinge, accordinge to our duties, for your good L. long and prosperous health with encrease of honor, we commyt the same for this tyme to the protection of the Almightie. At London, 9'o Decemb. 1578. "Your L. most humble at Command the Mr. and Wardens with others of the Company of Stationers, "RYCHARDE TOTTYLL, GEORGE BYSSHOP, JOHN HARYSON, WILLM. SERES, JOHN DAYE." From the above we may perhaps conclude, that an edition of the _Admonition to Parliament_ had been printed not long before the date of Thomas Woodcock's imprisonment for selling it; but I do not find that any historian or bibliographer mentions such an edition. Excepting in the letter of the five stationers, Tottyll, Bysshop, Haryson, Seres, and Daye, there seems to be no authority for connecting Woodcock with the publication, and his confinement did not take place until Dec. 6, 1578; whereas Neal, in his _History of the Puritans_, as cited by Herbert, informs us that Field and Wilcox, on presenting the _Admonition_ to the House of Commons in 1572, were immediately committed to Newgate. Unless there were two puritanical ministers of the name of Field, he, who was imprisoned with Wilcox, was the John Field, who, I apprehend, was the father of Nathaniel Field, the actor in Shakspeare's plays, and the Theophilus Field, who (in spite of his father's hostility to the church and bishops, and in spite of his brother's devotion to the stage,) was afterwards Bishop of Llandaff from 1619 to 1627, Bishop of St. David's from 1627 to 1635, and Bishop of Hereford from 1635 to 1636, when he died. J. PAYNE COLLIER. FOLK LORE. _New Year's Rain_--_Saxon Spell._--I have just read a good-natured notice[1] in _The Athenæum_ of December 6th, in which your contemporary suggests that communications on the subject of _Folk Lore_ should be addressed to you. The perusal of it has reminded me of two Queries upon the subject, which I had originally intended to address to the editor of that paper, as they refer to articles which appeared in his own pages. On his hint, however, I will transfer them to your columns; and avail myself of the opportunity of thanking the editor of _The Athenæum_ for having for so long a period and so effectually directed the attention of the readers of that influential journal to a subject of great interest to many, and of considerable historical value. The first relates to a song sung by the children in South Wales on New Year's morning, when carrying a jug full of water newly drawn from the well. It is given in _The Athenæum_, No. 1058., for the 5th Feb., 1848, and there several references will be found to cognate superstitions. My object is to ask if the song is known elsewhere; and if so, whether with any such varieties of readings as would clear some of the obscurities of the present version:-- "Here we bring new water From the well so clear, For to worship God with This happy New Year. Sing levez dew, sing levez dew, The water and the wine; The seven bright gold wires And the bugles they do shine. "Sing reign of Fair Maid With gold upon her toe,-- Open you the West Door, And let the Old Year go. Sing reign of Fair Maid, With gold upon her chin, Open you the East Door, And let the New Year in." The second is from _The Athenæum's_ very able review of Mr. Kemble's _Saxons in England_,--a work of learning and genius not yet nearly so well known as it deserves. The reviewer says: "In one of the Saxon spells, which Mr. Kemble has inserted in his appendix, we at once recognized a rhyme which we have heard an old woman in our childhood use--and in which many Saxon words, unintelligible to her, were probably retained." If my communication should meet the eye of the gentleman who wrote this, I hope he will let the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" become acquainted with the rhyme in question. For it is obvious that among them will be found many who agree with him that "a very curious and useful compilation might be made of the various spells in use in different parts of England, classed according to their localities,--more especially if the collectors would give them verbatim," and who would therefore be willing to assist towards its formation. A FOLK-LORIST. [Footnote 1: We should not be doing justice either to our own feelings or to the kindness and liberality of our able and most influential contemporary, if we did not take this opportunity of acknowledging not only his kindness upon the present occasion, but also the encouragement which _The Athenæum_ has taken every opportunity of affording to "NOTES AND QUERIES."--ED. N. & Q.] _Fishermen's superstitions._--A friend recently informed me that at Preston Pans the two following superstitious observances exist among the fishermen of that place. If, on their way to their boats, they meet a pig, they at once turn back and defer their embarkation. The event is an omen that bodes ill for their fishery. It is a favourite custom to set sail on the Sunday for the fishing grounds. A clergyman of the town is said to pray against their sabbath-breaking; and to prevent any injury accruing from his prayers, the fishermen make a small image of rags, and burn it on the top of their chimneys. U. THE AUTHOR OF HUDIBRAS AT LUDLOW CASTLE. So little is known of Butler,--his life, as his biographers have given it to us, is made up of so very few anecdotes and dates,--that I have thought any Note which contained a fact about him, would be an acceptable addition to "N. & Q." (I shall value your space, you see, in future contributions). The following entries are copied from Lord Carbery's Account of the Expense incurred in making Ludlow Castle habitable after Clarendon's "Great Rebellion" (query, Civil War); and the entries are valuable as specifying the period of Butler's services as steward of Ludlow Castle, and the nature of the services performed by the great wit:-- "For sundry supplyes of furniture paid for by Mr. Samuell Butler, late Steward, from January, 1661, to January, 1662, ixli. ijs. vd., and more by him paid to sundry Brasiers, Pewterers, and Coopers, vjli. vijs. iijd. In both xvli. ixs. viijd. "For sundry other supplyes of furniture paid for by Mr. Edward Lloyd the succeeding Steward, from January, 1662, to January, 1667 clxli. xiiijs. xd. "For several Bottles, Corkes, and Glasses, bought by Mr. Butler, late Steward, from January, 1661, to January, 1662, vjli. xiijs. jd., and for two Saddles and furniture for the Caterer and Slaughterman, xxvjs. viijd. In both vijli. xixs. ixd." I was at Ludlow Castle last autumn, and thought (of course) of _Comus_ and _Hudibras_. I bought at the same time the three parts of my friend Mr. Wright's excellent _History of Ludlow Castle_, and paid in advance for the concluding part. Pray let me ask Mr. Wright (through "N. & Q.") by what time (I am a hungry antiquary) we may hope the concluding part will be published? I will gladly show Mr. Wright Lord Carbery's Account. PETER CUNNINGHAM. DR. FRANKLIN'S TRACT ON LIBERTY AND NECESSITY. In Dr. Franklin's _Autobiography_, he mentions as his first work a pamphlet printed in London in 1725 on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain. It was written by him when he was eighteen years of age, and partly in answer to Wollaston's _Religion of Nature_. The object was to prove, from the attributes of God, his infinite wisdom, goodness, and power, that nothing could possibly be wrong in the world; and that vice and virtue were empty distinctions, no such things existing. He printed, he says, only a hundred copies, of which he gave a few to his friends; and afterwards disliking the piece, as conceiving it might have an ill tendency, he burnt the rest except one copy. This tract, most curious as the first publication of this extraordinary man, seems to have eluded hitherto every search. In Jared Sparks's elaborate edition of Dr. Franklin's Works in 10 vols., it is of course not to be found. In a note (vol. viii., p. 405.), the editor observes, "No copy of this tract is now known to be in existence." Nor do I find that any writer on the subject of Franklin, or the history of metaphysics, or moral philosophy, appears to have seen it. Sir Jas. Mackintosh was long in search of it, but was compelled ultimately to give it up in despair. I am happy to inform those who may take an interest in Dr. Franklin's first performance--and what is there in literary history more attractive than to compare the earliest works of great men with their maturer efforts?--that I fortunately possess a copy of this tract. It is bound up in a volume of tracts, and came from the library of the Rev. S. Harper. The title is, "_A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain, in a Letter to a Friend_: 'Whatever is, is in its causes just, Since all things are by fate; but purblind man Sees but a part o' th' chain, the nearest link, His eyes not carrying to the equal beam, That poises all above.'--DRYD." It is addressed to Mr. J(ames) R(alph), and commences: "Sir, I have here, according to your request, given you my present thoughts on the general state of things in the universe;" and concludes, "Truth will be truth, though it sometimes proves mortifying and distasteful." The pamphlet contains sixteen very closely printed pages in octavo; and the author proceeds by laying down his propositions, and then enlarging upon them, so as to form, in his opinion, a regular chain of consequences. It displays, as might be anticipated, considerable acuteness, though the reasonings, as he admits in his _Autobiography_, were such as to his maturer intellect appeared inconclusive. He subsequently wrote another pamphlet, in which he took the other side of the question; but it was never published, and I suppose is not now in existence. JAS. CROSSLEY. EARLY FLEMISH ILLUSTRATIONS OF EARLY ENGLISH LITERATURE. The commencement of a new volume of "NOTES AND QUERIES" affords a favourable opportunity for "tapping" (to use an expressive phrase of Horace Walpole's) a subject, on which it is reasonable to suppose much light may be thrown by some of your learned correspondents. I allude to the connection which formerly subsisted between the literature of England, and that of the Low Countries. Fortunate, indeed, would it be if any communication to "NOTES AND QUERIES" might be the means of drawing some illustration from one qualified beyond all others to treat every branch of this most interesting subject. Those of your readers who had the pleasure of hearing the admirable speech of a distinguished diplomatist at the Centenary Dinner of the Society of Antiquaries, will probably understand to whom I refer. Reserving for a future occasion some observations on the manner in which our English antiquaries have hitherto overlooked the materials illustrative of our popular literature, our popular superstitions, our early drama, our legends, and our traditions, which may be had for the gathering, from the popular literature, the popular superstitions, the early drama, the legends and traditions of the Low Countries--those Low Countries from which Chaucer married his wife--those Low Countries from which Caxton brought us his printing-press, and its long train of blessings--those Low Countries, in which, as I believe, and hope one day to prove, Shakspeare himself added to his vast stores of knowledge--I shall for the present content myself with one example, and that shall be a seasonable one, namely, of the similarity between the old Flemish carols, and those with which, at this happy season, the nights were whilom blest here in Old England. Hoffman von Fallersleben, in the second part of his _Horæ Belgicæ_, that great storehouse of materials for illustrating the early literature of the Netherlands (and which second part, by the bye, was separately published under the title of _Holländische Volkslieder_), after showing that the sacred songs of the Low Countries are, like our own, separable into Christmas carols, Easter hymns, songs in praise of the Virgin, and songs of Christian doctrine, proceeds to characterise the former in terms in which one might well describe many of those which were formerly most popular in our country. "The carols," he remarks, "are especially deserving of our attention. In them is most clearly shown the child-like religious spirit of the olden times, when men were not content merely to relate in the simple ballad form the story of Our Saviour's birth as recorded in Holy Scripture, but sought, by the introduction of little touches drawn from social and country life, to make that story more attractive and more instructive, and so to bring it home more directly to the hearts of their pious hearers." How truly applicable these remarks are to many of our own carols, must be obvious to all who know Mr. Sandys' valuable _Collection_; and the following instances, which Hoffman adduces in support of his views, will, I trust, satisfy your readers that I am right in maintaining the great resemblance between the carols of Old Flanders and those of Old England. "Many of the descriptions in these carols," he remarks, "bear a strong resemblance to some of the Bible pictures of the old masters;" and he gives, as an instance, the following simple picture of the Infant Jesus in the bath: "'The mother she made the child a bath, How lovely then therein it sate; The childling so platched with its hand That the water out of the beaker sprang.'[2] [Footnote 2: The version is, of course, as nearly literal as possible.] "But sometimes these religious poetical feelings impress themselves so deeply in their subject, that the descriptions verge closely upon the ludicrous: "'Mary did not herself prepare With cradle-clothes to her hand there, In which her dear child to wind. Soon as Joseph this did find, His hosen from his legs he drew, Which to this day at Aix they show, And with them those holy clothes did make In which God first man's form did take.' "It is true that we look upon these descriptions with modern eyes, not taking into consideration that our manners and customs, that our general views, in short, are not at all times in unison with those of the fifteenth century. But even if we are always right in these and similar cases, still we cannot deny that there often lies in these old poems what we, notwithstanding we are in the possession of the most exquisite skill, cannot at all reach,--an infinite _naïveté_, a touching simplicity. Especially rich in this respect are the songs which describe the flight of the Holy Family into Egypt: "'Joseph he did leap and run, Until an ass's foal he won, Whereon he set the maiden mild, And with her that most blessed child.' "The whole idyllic life which they led in that country is told to us in a few unpretending traits: "'Joseph he led the ass, The bridle held he; What found they by the way, But a date tree? Oh! ass's foal thou must stand still, To gather dates it is our will, So weary are we. The date tree bowed to the earth, To Mary's knee; Mary would fill her lap From the date tree. Joseph was an old man, And wearied was he; Mary, let the date tree bide, We have yet forty miles to ride, And late it will be. Let us pray this blessed child Grant us mercie.' "Nay, these simple songs even inform us how the Holy family laboured for their subsistence in this 'strange countree:' "'Mary, that maiden dear, Well could she spin; Joseph as a carpenter, Could his bread win. When Joseph was grown old, That no longer work he could, The thread he wound, And Jesus to rich and poor Carried it round.'" WILLIAM J. THOMS. Minor Notes. _Family Likenesses._--I believe that a likeness always exists in members of the same family, though it may _not always_ be seen, and, even then, not by _everybody_. I have seen at times a striking likeness in a pretty face to that of a plain one in the same family. In one of the _Edinburgh Journals_ (Chambers') a stranger is said to have remarked the likeness to the portraits of Sir William Wallace of a passer-by, and was then informed by his companion that he was a _descendant_. I am witness of a strong likeness in a young man, born in 1832, to the portrait of his great-great-uncle, born in 1736,--which carries back the inherited likeness to the latter's father, who was born in 1707, and married 1730. It is no mere fancy of my own, but has been noticed by several on seeing the portrait. A. C. _Bloomerism in the Sixteenth Century._--Happening to pitch upon the following extract, I forward it to you in the belief that it may, at the present time, have an interest for some of your readers:-- "I have met with some of these trulles in London so disguised that it hath passed my skills to discerne whether they were men or women."--Hollinshed, _Description of England_. X. X. X. _Inscriptions at Much Wenlock and on Statue of Queen Anne at Windsor._--Carved in a beam over the town hall of Much Wenlock, in Shropshire, stands (or perhaps stood, for the building was very old thirty years since) the following curious verses: "Hic locus odit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat, Nequitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, bonos." I am not aware if they have appeared previously in your publication; but they are worthy of preservation, I think, if for nothing else, for the oddity of linking one line with another. There is also a couple of lines on the town hall, Windsor, underneath a miserable statue of Queen Anne: "Arte tuâ, sculptor, non est imitabilis Anna, Annæ vis similem sculpere? sculpe Deam." The unintentional satire conveyed in the first line is very appropriate, as the statue is a thing of wood, and forcibly reminds one of the _charming_ statue of George IV. formerly at King's Cross. PROCURATOR. Queries. THE AGE OF TREES.--THE GREAT ELM AT HAMPSTEAD. The question of the age of trees, introduced to your notice by your very able correspondent L. (Vol. iv., p. 401.), and touched upon by several others, is a subject of peculiar interest, and yet I scarcely know any ancient memorials which have been so much neglected by antiquarian inquirers. How seldom has any systematic attempt been made to collect the existing historical evidence relating to them, and of the few weak efforts which have been put forth in that direction, how insignificant have been the results! Such evidence exists in a great variety of quarters, and if your correspondents could be persuaded to adopt L.'s suggestion, and take up the matter in a really serious spirit, the nature of your publication, and the wide extent of your circulation, render your pages singularly well adapted for doing really effective service in a cause which is equally interesting to the naturalist and the antiquary. What is wanted is, that antiquarian students should bring forward the facts respecting historical trees which are to be found in ancient evidences of all kinds, and that local knowledge should be applied to the identification of such trees wherever it is possible. If this were done--done, that is, thoroughly and carefully--I cannot doubt that an antiquity would be satisfactorily established in reference to many trees and clumps of trees still existing throughout the kingdom, which it would now be thought supremely wild and fanciful even to imagine. I would not go the length of anticipating that we might establish the identity of some grove in which druidical mysteries have been celebrated, or (to adopt the words of Sir Walter Scott) of some "broad-headed, short-stemmed, wide-branched" monarchs of the forest, "which had witnessed the march of the Roman soldiery;" I should almost despair even of identifying the thorns on Ash Down (a place itself named from some celebrated tree), around which the battle raged between Alfred and the Danes: but every one at all acquainted with ancient documents knows how frequently they contain allusions to celebrated trees; and it is perfectly possible that trees which sheltered King John in his continual wild, impulsive, Arab-like flights from place to place, or under which the Edwards halted in their marches to Scotland or Wales, may yet be pointed out. I have no doubt that Evelyn saw evidence that the Tortworth Great Chestnut was a boundary tree in the days of King Stephen; and if such evidence is not now forthcoming, I by no means despair of its re-discovery, if any one will set himself seriously to search for it. We learn in Pepys[3], that in his time, in the forest of Dean, there were still standing the old "Vorbid" or "forbid" trees of the time of Edward III.; that is (I presume), the trees which were left standing as marks or boundaries when there was a great felling of timber in the reign of Edward III. Perhaps some of your correspondents can tell us whether there are any such trees known in the forest of Dean now. [Footnote 3: Pepys's Diary, ii. 18.] The recurrence of the mention of celebrated trees in early charters, is far more frequent than any one who has not examined the subject would suppose. There was no kind of "mark" or "bound" more common amongst ancient people, or more frequently mentioned in their written evidences, than large or celebrated trees. Any one may satisfy himself upon this point by a simple reference to Mr. Kemble's invaluable _Codex Diplomaticus_. I have just taken down the third volume of that work, and, dipping into it at random, at p. 448. I find the following, in the enumeration of the bounds of some lands at Brokenborough, in Wilts:-- "From thence to the mark which is called the Apple-Thorn, and from the same apple-bearing tree, by the public street, to Woubourne, and along the same water by a straight course to Geresbourne, and along the same stream in a straight course to Ordwoldes wood, which is now called Bradene, and through the same wood for about three miles to the boundary mark, which is called holehoke" [Holy Oak]. Here are intimations which must have been recognizable in the spot for centuries afterwards. At p. 343. of the same volume, we read of "Kentwines Tree" at Shipford, and "Adulfes Tree" and "Hysemannes Thorn" at Mickleton. At p. 336. is mention of "the single thorn" by Ellenford, and the "Kolan Tree" and "Huredes Tree," near the same place. At p. 328. we read of "the Hundred Tree" at Winchendon. At p. 174. of "Dunemannes Tree" at Bladen. In vol. v. at p. 297. we have a remarkable description of boundaries at Blewbury, in Berkshire, in which we read, if I interpret correctly:-- "From Hawkthorn [now Hackthorn] to the Long Thorn on the Ikenild way; thence to the Third Thorn at Wirhangran; thence to the Fourth Thorn which stands forward on Wrangan Hill; thence to the Fifth Thorn; thence to the Olive Tree; thence west along the bye road to the Thorn"--and so forth. In the same description we read of several "Treowstealls," which mean, I suppose, clumps of trees, and amongst them of "Athelstanes Treowsteal." In vol. vi. at p. 8. we read of "Frigedæges Tree," at Ginge, in Berkshire; at p. 60., of "Wiggerdes Tree," at Plush, in Dorsetshire; and innumerable other instances may be found throughout the book. These have occurred to me on just opening the volumes here and there, and are adduced merely to explain to persons unacquainted with the _Codex Diplomaticus_, the nature of the information upon this subject which it contains; and there are many other books from which similar facts may be derived. The examples I have given exhibit the various parts which conspicuous trees were made to play in ancient times. The Holy Oak and Frigedæges Tree had, no doubt, been consecrated to superstition; the Hundred Tree marked a place for the general assembly of the people of a district; the trees distinguished by the prefixed names of individuals, indicated that they stood on the properties of private owners,--on lands, that is, which the owners had "called after their own names." The memory of many historical trees is probably preserved to the present day in the names of the fields in which they stood. How many Mickle Thorn coppices, and Broad Oak pastures, and Long Tree meadows, and Old Yew pieces are scattered over the country. How many hundreds, and other larger divisions of counties, are named after ancient trees. How many of the old Saxon names of our towns and hamlets indicate that they grew up around a well-known oak, or ash, or thorn, or yew; in like manner as, in later periods, when strength rather than law was the ruler, the people crowded together their hovels under the protective shadow of the castle of some powerful chieftain, or within the privileged precincts of some consecrated fane. Having thus indicated, or rather enforced, a subject which I think well deserves the attention of your correspondents all over the world, allow me to conclude with a Query relating to a celebrated tree, of a comparatively modern date, which once existed in the neighbourhood of the metropolis. THE GREAT ELM AT HAMPSTEAD.--Where did it stand? What was its ultimate fate? When and how was it compelled to yield to the great leveller? It is delineated in a very scarce engraving by Hollar, which bears the date of 1653, and which is found on a poetical commemorative broadside, printed in that year. This tree, although then in full leaf, or so represented in Hollar's engraving, was entirely hollow. A staircase of forty-two steps had been contrived within its stem, by means of which visitors ascended to a turret erected on the top, which was capacious enough to give seats to six persons, and to contain twenty persons in the whole. The stem of the tree was twenty-eight feet in compass on the ground, and the ascent to the turret was thirty-three feet. The tree must have stood on some of the highest ground at Hampstead, for it is said that six neighbouring counties could be seen from the top of it. The Thames is mentioned as visible from it, with its shipping; and the following lines indicate the wide expanse which it commanded. The lines were written just at the time when Cromwell was about to assume the Protectorate. "Those stately structures where the court Had late their mansions, when our kings would sport; Of whom deprived they mourn, and, desolate, Like widows, look on their forlorn estate: 'Tis not smooth Richmond's streams, nor Acton's mill, Nor Windsor Castle, nor yet Shooter's Hill, Nor groves, nor plains, which further off do stand, Like landscapes portray'd by some happy hand: But a swift view, which most delightful shows, And doth them all, and all at once, disclose."[4] [Footnote 4: These lines are by Robert Codrington, respecting whom a reference may be made to Wood's _Athenæ_, iii. 699. Bliss's ed.] Such was the entire command of the country which this tree enjoyed, that it is said that "Only Harrow on the Hill plays Rex, And will have none more high in Middlesex." "Essex Broad Oak" [where did that stand?] from which more than twenty miles could be seen, is poetically declared to have been "but a twig" in comparison with his relative at Hampstead; to find whose equal it is stated that "You must as far as unto Bordeaux go." There are other things worth remembering in connexion with this wonder of Hampstead: but I have occupied already more than enough of your space, and will only express my hope that some one will tell us where the Hampstead tree stood, and what was its fate; and what is known about the Essex Broad Oak; and what also about the Bordeaux compeer of the tree monarch of Hampstead. JOHN BRUCE. Minor Queries. "_Inveni portum_"--"_For they, 'twas they._"--You will much oblige me by permitting me to ask, through the medium of your entertaining publication, from whence the two following quotations were cited: "Inveni portum.--Spes et fortuna valete: Sat me lusistis; ludite nunc alios." "For _they_, 'twas _they_, unsheath'd the ruthless blade, And Heav'n shall ask the havock it has made." The first will be found in _Gil Blas_, livre 10ième, chapitre 10ième; and the second is used by the renegade Paul Jones in his mock-heroic epistle to the Countess of Selkirk, in extenuation of his having plundered the family seat in Scotland of the plate, on the 23rd April, 1778. I should not trouble you, but I have asked many, of extensive reading and retentive memories, for solution of these Queries ineffectually. AMICUS. _Matthew Walker._--Can any of your correspondents, learned in naval antiquities and biographies, give any account of Matthew Walker, whose knot (described and figured in Darcy Lever's _Sheet Anchor_) is known by his name all over the world; and truly said to be "a handsome knot for the end of a Lanyard?" REGEDONUM. _Aleclenegate._--The east gate of the town of Bury St. Edmund's, which was always under the exclusive control of the abbot, is sometimes mentioned as "the Aleclenegate." What is the origin of the word? BURIENSIS. _Smothering Hydrophobic Patients._--I can recollect, when I was a boy, to have been much surprised and horrified with the accounts that old people gave me, that it was the practice in decided cases of _rabies canina_ to suffocate the unfortunate patient between feather beds. The disease being so suddenly and so invariably fatal, where it appeared unequivocally to attack the sufferer, might dispose the world to ascribe the death to what surely may be termed foul play; but perhaps some of your readers may be able to state where mention is made of such treatment, or what could give rise to such an opinion in the public mind. INDAGATOR. _Philip Twisden, Bishop of Raphoe._--In Haydn's _Book of Dignities_, p. 475., there is the following note on the name of the prelate:-- "Sir James Ware, or, more properly, the subsequent editors of his works, narrate some very extraordinary circumstances that rendered the close of the life of this prelate very remarkable and unfortunate; but we feel unwilling to transcribe them, though there seems to be no doubt of their truth." As Sir James Ware died in 1666, and the latest edition of his work on the Bishops of Ireland (by Walter Harris) was published in 1736, it is impossible that either he, or his subsequent editors, could have recorded anything of the last days of a prelate who died Nov. 2, 1752. Mr. Haydn, however, speaks as if he had actually before him the mysterious narrative which he has gone so far out of his way to allude to, and which for some equally mysterious reason he was "unwilling to transcribe," although he thought it necessary to call attention to it, and to express his inclination to believe in its truth. If this should meet his eye, would Mr. Haydn have the kindness to say where he found the story in question, as it is certainly not in Ware? I know of two stories, one of which is probably that to which Mr. Haydn has called the attention of his readers; but I have never seen them stated with such clearness, or on such authority, as would lead me to the conclusion that "there seemed no doubt of their truth." JAMES H. TODD. Trinity College, Dublin. _"Sir Edward Seaward's Narrative," edited by Miss Jane Porter._--I am in possession of a copy of the above work, presented to my father by the late amiable authoress, Miss Porter. It is, as you are no doubt aware, a journal of adventure in the Carribean Sea and its islands, between 1733 and 1749; but on the publication of the first edition its authenticity was questioned, and a suggestion made by some of the critics that the editor was also the author. This, Miss Porter assured me was not the fact, and that the work is a genuine diary, placed in her hands for publication by the family, still existing, of the original writer. The name I think she intimated was not _Seaward_, but she expressed some hesitation to detail the circumstances of its coming into her possession. She makes, in a preface to the second edition, an assurance to the same effect as to the genuineness of the Narrative, and says the author died _at his seat in Gloucestershire in the year 1774_. Can any of your readers throw further light on this story, or inform who the hero of the Narrative really was? W.W.E.T. Warwick Square, Belgravia. _Clerical Members of Parliament._--In a note in p. 4. of _The Lexington Papers_, recently published, mention is made of a Mr. Robert Sutton, who, after having taken deacon's orders, and having accompanied his relative, Lord Lexington, to Vienna, in the joint capacity of chaplain and secretary, was, on his recall in 1697, appointed resident minister at the Imperial Court; was subsequently sent as envoy extraordinary to the Ottoman Porte; in 1720, succeeded Lord Stair as British minister at Paris; in 1721, was elected M.P. for Notts; and in 1725, was created Knight of the Bath. The editor adds this remark: "It is well known that holy orders were not at that time considered any disqualification for civil employments, but I do not recollect any other instance of a clerical Knight of the Bath." Do you, Mr. Editor, or any of your readers, recollect any other instance since the Reformation, of a _clerical member of parliament_, before the celebrated one of Horne Tooke? Were any such instances quoted in the debates on the bill for excluding clergymen from Parliament? CLERICUS. _Allens of Rossull._--Can any of you correspondents furnish me with the arms borne by the Allens of Rossull and Redivales, Lancashire? Of this family was the celebrated Cardinal Allen. Also the arms borne by the Pendleburys, another Lancashire family? J.C. _Number of the Children of Israel._--In Exod. xii. 37. it is stated that the numbers of the children of Israel constituting the Exodus was "600,000 men," "besides children." No specific mention is made of _women_: it will be diminishing the difficulty if the 600,000 are considered the aggregate of the adults of both sexes. It is said that the time the Israelites remained in Egypt was 430 years (Ex. xii. 40.). The number who were located in Egypt was seventy (Gen. xlvi. 27.). I wish to ascertain from some competent statistician what, under the most favourable circumstances, would be the increase of seventy people in 430 years? I am aware that Professor Lee, in his invaluable translation of the Book of Job, is of opinion that 215 years is the time the Israelites actually remained in Egypt; and the remainder must be considered the previous time they were in Canaan. If the Professor's calculation be adopted, the statistician could easily show the difference at 215 and 430 years. ÆGROTUS. _Computatio Eccles. Anglic._--In Bishop Burnet's "Hist. of the Reform.," vol. ii. of first folio edition, London, 1679, _Coll. of Records_, b. ii. p. 100. No. XL. is "An instrument of the speech of the Archbishop of Canterbury (Chicheley) made to the House of Commons about it," scilicet, Statute of Provisors. It begins as follows:-- "Die Veneris, penultimo mensis Januarii, A.D. _secundum cursum et computationem Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ_ millesimo quadringentesimo _decimo septimo_, indictione sexta, pontificatus.... Martini Papæ quinti anno undecimo." Now as Martin V. was chosen Pope by the Council of Constance, November 11, 1417, his eleventh year would extend over January, 1428, and the sixth indiction answers to the same year, which would, however, be styled 1427 in ecclesiastical documents till March 25. Can the Computatio Eccles. Anglic. mean anything more than a reference to the distinction between the ecclesiastical and historical times of commencing the year? If it does not, decimo septimo must be an error for vicesimo septimo, made in transferring the numeral letters into words. Has this error been corrected in subsequent editions of Burnet? H.W. _Martinique._--Will any of your correspondents, acquainted with the history of the French islands, inform me why was the island of Martinique so called? English writers style the island _Martinico_, but none have gone so far as to give the derivation or meaning of the word. W.J.C. St. Lucia. _Objective and Subjective._--Will some of your intelligent readers deign to enlighten a merely physical ignoramus as to the precise meaning (always supposing there _be_ a meaning) of the oft-recurring words "objective" and "subjective" ("omjective" and "sumjective," according to Mr. Carlyle) in the Highgate "talk", supposed by sundry transcendental sages of our day to be the expression of an almost inspired wisdom. _Is_ this exoteric jargon _translateable_ into intelligible English? or is it not (as Chalmers called it, speaking _Scottice_) "all buff?" Most assuredly he who really understands it (not _affects_ to understand it) need not, as Southey used to say, be afraid of cracking peach-stones. X. _Quarter Waggoner._--The master of a ship of war has the charge of navigating her from port to port, under the direction of the captain; and he is moreover charged to make what improvements he can in the charts. Now the masters were sometimes rather slack in the latter department, in which case they procured certificates from their captains to the Navy Board, stating that they had seen nothing but what was already in the general "Quarter Waggoner." Can any of your correspondents describe this Quarter Waggoner? And, as the master keeps the official _log_-book, can you kindly tell me how that recondite volume came to be so designated? W. H. SMYTH. _Sir Roger Wilcock._--Can any of your antiquarian readers favour me with the armorial ensigns of Sir Roger Wilcock, knight, whose daughter and heiress, Agnes, was wife to Sir Richard Turberville, of Coyty Castle, in Glamorganshire, and by him mother of two sons, Sir Payn, afterwards Lord of Coyty, and Wilcock Turberville, who by his wife Maud, heiress of Tythegstone, in the same county, was ancestor of the Turbervilles of that place, and of Penlline Castle. The lineage of this ancient and knightly family of Turberville is not given correctly in Burke's _Dictionary of the Landed Gentry_ for the year 1847. The marriage of Christopher Turberville of Penlline (sheriff for Glamorgan in 1549 and 1568) with Agnes Gwyn[5], heiress of Ryderwen in the county of Caermarthen, and widow of Henry Vaughan, Esq., is altogether omitted in Burke, and for the correctness of which see Lewis Dwnn's _Heraldic Visitation into Wales and its Marches_, vol. ii. (near the commencement) title "Ryderwen;" and in vol. i. of the same work, p. 140., title "Ystradcorwg," Catherine, the issue of that marriage, and one of the daughters and coheiresses of Christopher Turberville, is mentioned as the wife of David Lloyd of that place, in the parish of Llanllawddog, co. Caermarthen, sheriff in 1590 and 1601. In further corroboration of this, we find that the Lloyds of Glanguelly and Ystradcorwg, descendants of the said marriage, ever afterwards quartered the arms of Turberville, viz. "chequy or and gu. a fesse ermine," with their own paternal shield. It is not improbable that the marriage of Christopher Turberville with the aforementioned Agnes, _kinswoman of the Rices_, may have had some influence in allaying the deadly animosity which had previously existed between the rival houses of Dynevor and Penlline. [Footnote 5: According to Lewis Dwnn, this Agnes Gwyn was daughter and coheiress (by Margaret his wife, daughter of Sir Rhys ab Thomas, K.G.) of Henry ab John of Ryderwen, son and heir (by Mabli, or Eva, his wife, daughter and coheiress of Henry ab Guilym, of Curt Henri and Llanlais, in the vale of Llangathen, Caermarthenshire) of John ab Henry (otherwise Penry), kinsman to the aforesaid Sir Rhys ab Thomas, and a branch of the Penrys of Llanelli, derived from a common origin with the ancient and noble house of Dynevor.] Again, in vol. iv. of Burke's _History of the Commoners_ for the year 1838, Jenkyn Turberville of Tythegstone, fourth in descent from Wilcock Turberville, is stated to have wedded Florence, daughter of Watkyn ab Rasser Vaughan, and to have had issue by her two sons, Richard[6], who continued the line at Tythegstone, and Jenkyn, father of the said Christopher, of Penlline Castle, Glamorgan. By reference to Lewis Dwnn's work, edited by the late talented and much lamented antiquary, Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick, article "Vaughan of Bretwardine, co. Hereford, and Pembrey Court, Caermarthenshire," we find that Jenkyn Turberville married Denis, daughter of Watkyn ab Sir Roger Vaughan, knight, with the following remark in Welsh: "Ag ni bu dim plant o Derbil iddi ag wedi guraig Morgan ab Jenkyn gur Tre Dineg;" that is to say, "She had no children by Turberville, and she afterwards became the wife of Morgan ab Jenkyn,"--I presume, of Tredegar, in Monmouthshire. Is it not, therefore, likely that he married twice; that his first wife was Cecil Herbert, and the mother of his two sons? [Footnote 6: This gentleman had an ode addressed to him by the celebrated Welsh bard, Lewis of Glyn Cothi.--Vide Burke's work.] A correct lineage of the Turbervilles, with the ensigns they were entitled to quarter, down to Christopher Turberville's co-heiress Catherine, the wife of David Lloyd, would greatly oblige. W. G. T. T. Caermarthen. _Ruffles, when worn._--At what time did the fashion of wearing ruffles come in? and when did it go out? Many persons living at the present time remember their being generally worn in respectable, and occasionally in what may be called minor life. The clergy did not wear them. So general was their use in the early part of the reign of George III., that the Rev. William Cole, of Milton, in the account of his Journey to France, in 1765, says he was taken for an English clergyman because he did not wear them, and in consequence addressed "M. l'Abbé." _Dr. John Ash._--I should feel exceedingly obliged by information respecting the birth-place and early history of Dr. John Ash, formerly an eminent physician practising in Birmingham, and the founder of the General Hospital in that town. He was a graduate of Trinity College, Oxford; his doctor's degree was taken in 1764. He died at Brompton, Knightsbridge, in 1798. Every available source has been searched in vain for information on this subject. It is required for literary purposes. F. RUSSELL. Minor Queries Answered. _Mutabilitie of France._--Upon the books at Stationers' Hall, Lib. C., under the year 1597, 20th April, Thomas Creed entered _A Treatise of the Mutabilitie of Fraunce from the yeare of our Lorde 1460 untill the yeare of our Lorde 1595_. Can any of your readers say in what library a copy of this treatise can be found? INDAGATOR. [A copy is in the Bodleian library. The full title is, "The Mutable and Wavering Estate of France, from 1460 to 1595; together with an Account of the Great Battles of the French Nation both at Home and Abroad. 4to. Lond. Tho. Creede, 1597."] _Caldoriana Societas._--A copy of the Latin Bible of Junius and Tremellius, now in my possession, has on the title: "Sancti Gervasii, 1607. "Sumptibus Caldorianæ Societatis." Will you kindly inform me who constituted this body, and why they were so called? QUIDAM. [Cotton, in his _Typographical Gazetteer_, has given the following notices of this body:-- "Caldoriana Societas, qu. at Basle or Geneva? An edition of Calepine's _Lexicon_, fol. 1609, bears for imprint _Sumptibus Caldorianæ Societatis_." "An edition of the controversies between Pope Paul V. and the Venetians, bears for imprint, 'In Villa Sanvincentiana apud Paulum Marcellum, sumptibus Caldorianæ Societatis, anno 1607,' but is by no means of Spanish workmanship. I rather judge that the whole of the tracts connected with this business, which profess to have been printed at various places, as Augsburg, Saumur, Rome, Venice, &c., have their origin in the Low Countries, and proceeded from the presses of Antwerp, Rotterdam, or the Hague."] _Millers of Meath._--The millers of the county of Meath, in Ireland, keep St. Martin's day as a holiday. Why? [Greek: Ô.] [Because of the honour paid to St. Martin in the Western Church, whose festival had an octave. Formerly it was denominated Martinalia, and was held with as much festivity as the Vinalia of the Romans. Among old ecclesiastical writers, it usually obtained the title of the Second Bacchanal: "Altera Martinus dein Bacchanalia præbet; Quem colit anseribus populus multoque Lyæo." Thomas Naogeorgus, _De Regno Pont_. Thus translated by Barnabie Googe: "To belly cheare yet once again doth Martin more encline, Whom all the people worshippeth with rosted geese and wine."] _Kissing under the Mistletoe._--What is the origin of kissing under the mistletoe? AN M.D. [Why Roger claims the privilege to kiss Margery under the mistletoe at Christmas, appears to have baffled our antiquaries. Brand states, that this druidic plant never entered our sacred edifices but by mistake, and consequently assigns it a place in the kitchen, where, says he, "it was hung up in great state, with its white berries; and whatever female chanced to stand under it, the young man present either had a right, or claimed one, of saluting her, and of plucking off a berry at each kiss." Nares, however, makes it rather ominous for the fair sex not to be saluted under the famed _Viscum album_. He says, "The custom longest preserved was the handing up of a bush of mistletoe in the kitchen, or servants' hall, with the charm attached to it, that the maid who was not kissed under it at Christmas, would not be married in that year."] _Trinity Chapel, Knightsbridge._--Was Trinity Chapel, Knightsbridge, which has been rebuilt several times, ever parochial? Can I be referred to any memoir of the Rev. ---- Gamble, Chaplain to H. R. H. the Duke of York, who in the early part of the present century was minister of it? H. G. D. [The chapel, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, belonged originally to an ancient hospital, or lazar-house, under the patronage of the abbot and convent of Westminster. It was rebuilt in 1629, at the cost of the inhabitants, by a license from Dr. Laud, then Bishop of London, as a chapel of ease to St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, within the precincts of which parish it was situated; but the site was subsequently assigned to the parish of St. George, Hanover Square, and at present forms a part of that of Kensington. The Rev. J. Gamble was minister of this chapel in 1794-5; in 1796 he was appointed chaplain of the forces, and in 1799 rector of Alphamstone, and also of Bradwell-juxta-Mare, in Essex. In 1805 he was married to Miss Lathom of Madras, by whom he had a son. His death took place at Knightsbridge, July 27, 1811.] "_Please the Pigs._"--Whence have we this very _free_ translation of Deo Volente? PORCUS. [This colloquial phrase is generally supposed to be a corruption of "Please the _Pyx_," a vessel in which the Host is kept. By an easy metonymy, the vessel is substituted for the Host itself, in the same manner as when we speak, in parliamentary language, of "the sense of the _House_,"--we refer not to the bricks and stones, but to the opinion of its honourable members.] _Meaning of Barnacles._--Can any of your readers throw any light on the term "barnacles," which is constantly used for "spectacles"? I need not say that the word in the singular number is the name of a shell-fish. PISCATOR. [Phillips, in his _World of Words_, tells us that "among farriers, _barnacles_, _horse-twitchers_, or _brakes_, are tools put on the nostrils of horses when they will not stand still to be shoed," &c.; and the figure of the barnacle borne in heraldry (not barnacle goose, which is a distinct bearing), as engraved in Parker's _Glossary of Heraldry_, sufficiently shows why the term has been transferred to spectacles, which it must be remembered were formerly only kept on by the manner in which they clipped the nose.] _The Game of Curling._--As an enthusiastic lover of curling, I have been trying for some time past to discover any traces of the origin of the game, and the earliest mention made of it: but, I am sorry to say, without success. I should therefore feel much obliged to any of your correspondents who could inform me concerning the origin of this game, and also any works which may treat of it. "JOHN FROST." Paisley. [Appended to Dr. Brewster's account of curling, quoted in the _Encyclopædia Metropolitana_, vol. xvii. p. 469., occurs the following historical notice of this winter amusement:--"Curling is a comparatively modern amusement in Scotland, and does not appear to have been introduced till the beginning of the sixteenth century, when it probably was brought over by the emigrant Flemings. It was originally known under the name of _kuting_, which perhaps is a corruption of the Teutonic _kleuyten_, _kalluyten_, rendered by Kilian in his _Dictionary_, _ludere massis sive globulis glaciatis, certare discis in æquore glaciatâ_. In Canada it has become a favourite amusement, on account of the great length of the winters."] Replies. SAINT IRENE AND THE ISLAND OF SANTORIN. (Vol. iv., p. 475.) Your correspondent [Greek: S] asks for information about St. Irene or St. Erini, from whom he thinks the Island of Santorin in the Grecian Archipelago acquired its name; and in reply, you have referred him to Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography_, for particulars of the canonized Empress Irene. But [Greek: S] is, I suspect, mistaken in supposing Santorin to be indebted either to saint or empress for its present appellation; although he errs in company with Tournefort and a succession of later geographical etymologists, who in this instance have trusted too much to their _ear_ as an authority. Another correspondent in the same number, F. W. S. (p. 470.), has directed attention to a peculiarity in the formation of the modern names of places in Greece, the theory of which will guide [Greek: S] to the real derivation of the word Santorin. F. W. S. states truly that many of the recent names have been constructed by prefixing the preposition [Greek: eis] to the ancient one; thus ATHENS, [Greek: eis tas Athênas], became _Satines_, and COS, [Greek: eis tên Kôn], _Stanco_. Lord Byron has explained this origin of the alteration in one of the notes to _Childe Harold_, I think; but I apprehend that the barbarism is to be charged less upon the modern Greeks themselves, than upon the European races, Sclavonians, Normans, and Venetians, and later still the Turks, who seized upon their country on the dismemberment of the Lower Empire. The Greeks themselves no doubt continued to spell their proper names correctly; but their invaders, ignorant of their orthography, and even of their letters, were forced to write the names of places in characters of their own, and guided solely by the sound. _Negropont_, the modern name of Euboea, is a notable instance of this. In the desolation which followed the Roman conquest, Euboea, as described by Pausanias and Dion, had become almost deserted, and, on its partial revival under the Eastern Empire, the old name of Euboea was abandoned, and the whole island took the name of Euripus, from a new town built on the shore of that remarkable strait. This, pronounced by the Greeks, Evripos, the Venetians, on their arrival in the thirteenth century, first changed into Egripo and _Negripo_, and next into Negro-_ponte_, after they had built a bridge across the Euripus. This last name, the island retains to the present time. Another familiar example is the modern name of Byzantium, _Stamboul_, by which both Greeks and Turks now speak of Constantinople. The Romans called their capital par excellence "the city" (in which, by the way, we ourselves imitate them when speaking of London). Among the ancient Jews, in like manner, to "go to the city," [Greek: hypagete eis tên polin], meant to go to Jerusalem (Matt., xxvi. 18., xxviii. 11.; Mark, xiv. 13.; Luke, xxii. 10.; John, iv. 18.; Acts, ix. 16.). The Greeks of the Lower Empire followed the example in speaking of Constantinople; and the Turks, on their conquest in the fifteenth century, adopting the provincialism, wrote [Greek: eis tên polin], _Istampoli_, and thence followed Istambol and Stamboul. The same theory will explain the modern word Santorin, about which your correspondent [Greek: S] requests information. The ancient name was _Thera_, and by this the island is described both by Herodotus and Strabo, and later still by Pliny. _Thera_, submitted to the usual process, became, from [Greek: eis tên Thêran], _Stantheran_, _Santeran_, and finally _Santorin_. In the latter form it almost invited a saintly pedigree, and accordingly "Richard," a Jesuit, whose work I have seen, but cannot now consult, wrote, about two centuries ago, his _Relation de l'Isle de St. Erini_, in which, for the glory of the Church, he explains that the island obtained its name, not from the Empress Irene, but from a Saint Erine, whom he describes as the daughter of a Macedonian prefect, and from whom he says it was called [Greek: Nêsos tês Hagias Eirênês]. I incline, however, to etymology rather than hagiology for the real derivation. J. EMERSON TENNENT. THE OLD COUNTESS OF DESMOND--WHO WAS SHE? NO. II. (Vol. iv., pp. 305. 426.) My "NOTES AND QUERIES" coming to me monthly, I am as yet in ignorance whether any of your numerous correspondents have answered my inquiry (Vol. iv., p. 306.): "Whether the portraits of 'the old Countess of Desmond,' at Knowle, Bedgebury, or Penshurst, correspond with my description of that in the possession of the Knight of Kerry?" I have since met a painter of eminence, who assures me that Horace Walpole's criticism is correct, and that the portraits commonly known as those of the Countess are really the likeness of "Rembrandt's mother." If they be identified with that I have described, the idea that we possess a "counterfeit presentment" of this ancient lady, must, I fear, be given up as a delusion. But the lady herself remains a "great fact," and a physiological curiosity; and there is yet a subject for inquiry respecting her. We may identify her on the herald's tree, if not on the painter's board or canvas. _Who was she?_ In attempting to discuss this question, I must not take a merit which does not belong to me in any thing. I may say I am but following out the original research of an accurate and accomplished antiquary, Mr. Samthell of Cork, of whose curious _Olla Podrida_ (privately printed) I possess, by his favour, a copy, which contains a paper on this subject originally read before "The Cork Cuvierian Society." This paper, together with some MSS. notes of Sir William Betham, Ulster king-at-arms, furnish my text-book; and I have little more to do than correct some mistakes, which appear to me so obvious, that I think they must arise from slips of the pen, or _slops_ of that most teasing confounder of dates and figures, _the printer_,--who can so often, by merely dipping into a wrong cell of type, set us wrong by a century or two in a calculation. All authorities are agreed in fixing on "Margret O'Bryen, wife of James, 9th Earl of Desmond," as the long-lived individual in question. Sir Walter Raleigh, by calling her "The old Countess of Desmond, of _Inchiquin_," determines the fact of her being of the O'Bryen race,--Inchiquin being the feudal territory of the O'Bryens. There was more than one intermarriage between the Desmond earls and the O'Bryen family; but none of them include all the conditions for identifying the "old Countess," except that I have specified. We now come to _dates_: and here it is that I have the presumption to question the conclusions of the two eminent antiquaries on whose researches I am remarking. "James Fitzgerald, ninth Earl of Desmond, was murdered by John Montagh Fitzgerald, of Clenglish, A.D. 1467, ætat 29," says one of my authorities. "The old Countess bore the title only for a few months, for she became dowager on the murder of her husband in 1467 (_not_ 1487)," adds my second authority. These are formidable _dicta_, coming from such sources; and if I venture to question them, it is only under pressure of such circumstances and authorities, as at least demand a hearing. I think both these gentlemen confound the _murder_ of James, the ninth Earl of Desmond, with the _execution_ of his father, Thomas, the eighth Earl, who, according to all annals and authorities, was beheaded at Drogheda in the year 1467. Of this fact there can be no question. Ware gives it in his _Annals_, stating that "John Tiptoft, Earl of Worcester, called a parliament at Drogheda, and passed a certain enactment, in virtue of which "the great Earl of Desmond was beheaded, 15th of February, 1467." We find the very act itself (in the _Cotton MSS. Titus_, B. xi. 373.) headed and running as follows:--"VII. Edw. Quarti" (1467). "Pur diverses causes, horribles treisons et felonies prepensez, et faitez per _Thomas_ Count de Desmond, et Thomas Count de Kildar," &c. &c. We now proceed with _Ware_ to the date 1487, and he writes thus:--"On the 7th of December, James Fitz-Thomas, a Geraldine, and Earl of Desmond, who, for almost twenty-_eight_ (?) years flourished in wealth and power, was suddenly and cruelly murdered by his servants in his house at Rathkeale in the county of Limerick." "This James dying without issue, at least issue male, his brother Morrish succeeded him; by whom, _John Mantagh_, the chief contriver of that murder, was soon after taken and slain." Here is a distinct statement from an annalist which may be contradicted by facts, but cannot be misunderstood as to meaning. The more I look at Mr. Samthell's account, the more I am disposed to consider the date he gives as a slip of the pen, or the result of that kind of confusion into which the most accurate mind will sometimes fall, from _too long_ and _intense_ consideration of the same point. I say this, because his own statements furnish at every step matter to confute his own conclusions: thus, he says, "Supposing the old Countess to have been _eighteen_ at her husband's death (and the Irish marry young), she would have been 140 years old in 1589." This calculation plainly _assumes_ the death to have taken place in 1467; but in a passage further on he says, "It will be remembered, that Thomas, _eighth_ Earl of Desmond, _father to Margret O'Bryen's husband_, was Lord Deputy of Ireland for the Duke Clarence, brother to Edw. IV., from 1462 to 1467!" And again, giving some brief notices of the earls from "A Pedigree of Sir William Betham's," he sets down, "8th earl, Thomas, beheaded A.D. 1467; 9th earl, James (son of Thomas), murdered A.D. 1467;"--overlooking the fact, which would have been in itself _memorable_, that he makes the beheading of the father, and the murder of the son, to have taken place in the same year! Although I cannot ascertain whence Mr. Pelham took the dates which he has given in his print, I have no hesitation in adopting them, as agreeing best with all the probable circumstances of the case; he places Margret O'Bryen's birth in 1464, her death _somewhere_ from 1620 to 1626; this would sufficiently tally with the opinion, that she was left a young widow at her husband's death in 1487, and agree with Sir Walter Raleigh's statement, that she "was living in 1589," and "_many years afterwards_." Lord Bacon's express words are, "_Certainly they report that within these few years_ the Countess of Desmond lived to an hundred and forty years of age." These words occur in his _History of Life and Death_, published in 1623, and add to the probability that the old lady was either lately dead, or that possibly, in the little intercourse between London and remote parts of the empire at that period, she might be _even then_ alive, without his knowledge. I submit these speculations to correction; and in venturing to dispute the conclusions of the authorities I have named, I feel myself somewhat in the position of a dwarf, who, climbing on the shoulder of a giant, should assume the airs of a tall man; but for the encouragement and assistance of the gentlemen I have named, I should probably never have known how even to state a genealogical or antiquarian question. I shall conclude by committing myself to your printer's mercy, trusting that he will be too magnanimous to take notice of my remarks on the "slip-slop" printing of figures, which will sometimes occur in the best offices; if he should misprint my figures, all my facts will fall to the ground. A. B. R. Belmont. In the Birch Collections at the British Museum there is a transcript of a Table-Book of Robert Sydney, second Earl of Leicester, made by Birch (_Add. MSS. 4161._), the following extract from which, P. C. S. S. believes will not be unacceptable to the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES:" "The olde Countess of Desmond was a marryed woman in Edward IV.'s time, of England, and lived till towards the end of Queen Elizabeth, soe as she needes must be 140 yeares old: shee had a newe sett of teeth not long before her death, and might have lived much longer, had shee not mett with a kind of violent death; for she must needes climb a nutt-tree to gather nutts, soe falling downe, shee hurt her thigh, which brought a fever, and that fever brought death. This my cosen Walter Fitzwilliam told me. This olde lady, Mr. Harnet told me, came to petition the Queen, and landing at Bristol, shee came on foote to London, being then soe olde that her doughter was decrepit, and not able to come with her, but was brought in a little cart, their poverty not allowing them better provision of meanes. As I remember, Sir Walter Rowleigh, in some part of his _History_, speakes of her, and says that he saw her in England, anno 1589. Her death was as strange and remarkable as her long life was,--having seene the deaths of so many descended from her; and both her own and her husband's house ruined in the rebellion and wars." P. C. S. S. COLLAR OF SS. (Vol. ii., p. 140.; Vol. iv., pp. 147. 236. 456.) In my communication to you in August, 1850, and inserted as above, I stated that I was uncertain whether the collar of SS. was worn by the Chief Baron of the Exchequer previously to the reign of George I., as I had no portrait of that functionary of an earlier date. I have since found, and I ought to have sent you the fact before, that the Chief Baron, as well as the two Chief Justices, was decorated with this collar in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. In the church of St. Stephen's, near Canterbury, is the monument of Sir Roger Manwood, who died Lord Chief Baron on December 14, 1592, on which his bust appears in full judicial robes (colored proper), over which he wears the collar in its modern form. EDWARD FOSS. Was the collar of SS. worn by persons under a vow to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, or to join a crusade, the S. being the initial letter of Sépulcre, or SS. for Saint Sépulcre? The appearance of the above-mentioned collar on the effigy of a person in the habit of a pilgrim in the church of Ashby-de-la-Zouch (see "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. iv., p. 345.), so strongly confirms the idea, that I beg leave to offer it to the consideration of any readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" who may be interested in the question. E. J. M. Replies to Minor Queries. _Tregonwell Frampton_ (Vol. iv., p. 474.).--Noble mentions two engravings of this gentleman in the _Continuation to Granger_, vol. ii. p. 387., from a portrait by J. Wootton; the oldest, by J. Faber, describes him as "Royal Studkeeper at Newmarket;" the other, dated 1791, by J. Jones, styles him "the Father of the Turf;" and his death in 1728, æt. eighty-six, is recorded on a monument in the parish church of All Saints, Newmarket, as well as the circumstance of his having been keeper of the running horses to King William III. and his three royal successors. Frampton, according to Noble, who quotes from some other author, was a thorough good groom only, yet would have made a good minister of state had he been trained to it, and no one in his day was so well acquainted with the pedigrees of race-horses. I am not aware of there being any reference to Tregonwell Frampton in the _Rambler_, but he has frequently been denounced as the author of an unparalleled act of barbarity to a race-horse, which is detailed in the _Adventurer_, No. 37., as delicately as such a subject would permit. In justice to the accused I must say, that I always considered the story as physically impossible; and had this not been the case, it cannot be credited that the author of so great an enormity could have been continued in the service of the Crown. Still the essayist, who wrote nearly a century ago, thus closes his recital:-- "When I had heard this horrid narrative, _which indeed I remembered to be true_, I turned about in honest confusion, and blushed that I was a man." I hope some of your correspondents may be able to clear Frampton from the dreadful imputation. B. _Longueville MSS._ (Vol. iii., p. 449.).--This collection (of 187 volumes) is better known by the name of the _Yelverton MSS._, from having belonged to Sir Christopher Yelverton, Bart., who died in 1654, and whose son Henry (by Susan, Baroness Grey of Ruthin) was created Viscount Longueville in 1690. From him (who died in 1704) these MSS. descended to his grandson, Henry, third Earl of Sussex, who deceased in 1799 without male issue. In April, 1781, this collection of MSS. (then stated to consist of 179 volumes, and eight wanting to complete the series) was offered for purchase to the trustees of the British Museum for 3000 guineas, and declined. The loss of these eight volumes is accounted for by a note of Gough (written in 1788), in Nichols' _Literary Anecdotes_, vol. iii. p. 622., by which it appears, that in 1784 the collection was submitted to sale by public auction; but "_after the sale of a few lots_, the sale was stopped." Gough adds, "They were all given by Lord Sussex to Lord Calthorpe, whose mother was of that family [Barbara, eldest daughter of Henry, Viscount Longueville], and at his death had not been opened, nor perhaps since." These MSS. are now, I believe, in the possession of the present Lord Calthorpe. F. MADDEN. _Cooper's Miniature of Cromwell_ (Vol. iv., p. 368.).--The miniature of Oliver Cromwell, inquired for by LORD BRAYBROOKE, I think was shown to me at a party in London, about five or six years since, by Mr. Macgregor, M.P.,--at least I suppose it to be the same, though I had forgotten the name of the painter; but Mr. Macgregor prized it very highly, as being the only original miniature of Cromwell, and I think he said it was the one that had belonged to Sir Joshua Reynolds. This slight recollection of having seen it, is almost too vague to be worth alluding to, but as no one appears to have replied to the inquiry, it may lead to connecting the true history to the miniature, and thereby enhance its value. R.N. _Pope and Flatman_ (Vol. iv., p. 505.).--Your readers will probably be tired of the subject, still MR. BREEN may like to know that the resembling passages in the two copies in question, are quoted with the names of the authors in the sixty-third number of _The Adventurer_, dated _June 12, 1753_, and Pope is directly accused of _having copied from one of the vilest Pindaric writers, in the time of Charles II._ The same paper, and a subsequent one, No. 95., contain some excellent remarks upon the allegation of resemblance between authors, and the charge of plagiarism so frequently raised upon it, but not always to be allowed with equal readiness. In conclusion, let me express a wish, that the essays which I have pointed out could be perused by some of your correspondents, because I am convinced that we should in future have fewer discussions on parallel passages, which seldom possess much real interest, and frequently have a tendency to injure the fair fame of our most gifted writers, by calling in question their literary honesty without establishing the charge brought against them. B. _Voltaire_ (Vol. iv., p. 457.).--Your correspondent J. R. is quite correct as to the name "Voltaire" being an anagram of "Arouet L. J." The fact, however, was first made public by M. Lepan in the _Détails Préliminaires sur les Biographies de Voltaire_, prefixed to his _Vie Politique, Littéraire et Morale de Voltaire_, many years before the communications to the _Gentleman's Magazine_ and the _Dublin Review_, referred to by your correspondent. Your correspondent states that "Voltaire _was a little partial_ to his paternal name,"[7] and oddly enough gives two extracts from his letters to L'Abbé Moussinot, which prove the very contrary. Those extracts are _also_ to be found in M. Lepan's work, who has adduced them to show "son _mépris_ pour son nom de famille." _Vie de Voltaire_, p. 11. edit. 1817. JAMES CORNISH. [Footnote 7: This was a misprint for "_so little partial_."--ED.] _Tudur Aled_ (Vol. iv., p. 384.).--Your correspondent A STUDENT will find _nine_ poems by Tudur Aled, including the famous description of the Horse, in a 4to. collection of ancient Kymric poetry, published at Amwythig, in 1773, by Rhys Jones. It is entitled _Gorchestion Beirdd Cymrit_. Should A STUDENT wish to extend his acquaintance with this old bard, he will find other poems of his among the Welsh MSS. in the British Museum, in vols. 14,866. _et seq._ T. S. _Latin Verse on Franklin_ (Vol. iv., p. 443.).--The verse "Eripuit coelo," &c., seems to be a parody of the following lines of Manilius (_Astronom._ I. 105.):-- "Eripuitque Jovi fulmen, viresque tonanti." I am unable, however, to say who adapted these words to Franklin's career. Was it Condorcet? R.D.H. The inscription-- "Eripuit coelo fulmen, sceptrumque tyrannis" under Franklin's portrait, was written by Mirabeau. JAMES CORNISH. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. When Mr. Wilkin, in the year 1836, gave to the world an edition of the works of his illustrious townsman, Sir Thomas Browne, the critics were unanimous in their praise both of the undertaking and of the manner in which the editor had executed his task. It was felt that the writings of so great a man--of one on whose style Johnson is supposed to have formed his own--and whose _Religio Medici_ he eulogized for "the novelty of the paradoxes, the dignity of sentiment, the quick succession of images, the multitude of abstruse allusions, the subtlety of disquisition, and the strength of language" to be found in it, ought to be made better known; and Mr. Wilkin's endeavour to make them so was lauded as it deserved. That attempt, however, was but feeble compared with the one now making by Mr. Bohn, who has undertaken to reproduce Mr. Wilkin's excellent edition of _The Works of Sir Thomas Browne_ in his _Antiquarian Library_. The first volume, containing Four Books of his _Enquiries into Common and Vulgar Errors_, has been issued; and, we need scarcely add, forms one which is not surpassed for learning, interest, or instructions, by any other in the very cheap and useful series to which it belongs. One of the most popular branches of botanical study at the present day is that of our British Ferns, from the very obvious causes--that they are objects of exquisite elegance--not very numerous, nor difficult to be procured--and, lastly, which may well account for their popularity with the dwellers in towns, who yet love to "babble of green fields" and be reminded of them--they are for the most part easily cultivated, and of all others are perhaps best adapted to parlour or window culture. Who then can doubt that, in preparing _A Popular History of the British Ferns and the allied Plants, comprising the Club-Mosses, Pepperworts, and Horse Tails_ (with its fifty admirable coloured representations of the most interesting species), Mr. Moore has done good service to the numerous fern growers already existing, and much to promote the further study of this highly interesting division of the vegetable world. Messrs. Reeve and Benham deserve great credit for the way in which they have seconded Mr. Moore's efforts, by the admirable manner in which the book has been got up. BOOKS RECEIVED.--_The Traveller's Library_, Part 13., containing two more of Mr. Macaulay's brilliant Essays, namely, those _On the Life and Writings of Addison, and on Horace Walpole_.--_Travels in Tartary, Thibet, and China during the Years 1844, '45, and '46_, by M. Huc: _translated from the French_, by W. Hazlitt. Vol. 1.--_Pictures of Travels in the South of France_, by Alexandre Dumas. These are two new volumes of the _National Illustrated Library_, and very interesting ones. The value of M. Huc's Travels in China may be judged of from the fact, that Sir John Davis having received some notes of them, considered them so interesting that he thought it right to embody them in a despatch to Lord Palmerston.--_The Mother's Legacie to her Unborne Childe._ By Elizabeth Joceline. _Reprinted from the Edition of 1625, with Biographical and Historical Introduction._ We may content ourselves with acknowledging the receipt of this handsome reprint, by the Messrs. Blackwood, as it forms the subject of a communication from the correspondent who first drew attention to this interesting volume in N. & Q., which we hope to print next week.--_Archæologia Cambrensis for January, 1852._ This is an excellent number; and if this record of the antiquities of Wales and its Marches does not meet with the support not only of the antiquaries, but also of the gentry of the principality, it will be a national reproach to them. BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. A SERMON preached at Fulham in 1810 by the REV. JOHN OWEN of Paglesham, on the death of Mrs. Prowse, Wicken Park, Northamptonshire (Hatchard). FÜSSLEIN, JOH. CONRAD, BEYTRÄGE ZUR ERLÄUTERUNG DER KIRCHEN-REFORMATIONS-GESCHICHTE DES SCHWEITZERLANDES. 5 Vols. Zurich, 1741. CONCORDIA DISCORS. BY GRASCOME. [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. Notices to Correspondents. _Among other improvements which we have made in_ N. & Q., _in compliance with the suggestions of many correspondents, is doing away with the rules round our pages, so as to afford more room to our friends who indulge in_ Marginalia. _Having thus sacrificed to their wishes our own views, which were in favour of these old-fashioned typographical ornaments,_ We _must be permitted once more to remind our correspondents that_ brevity _in their communications is a merit which we shall never overlook; and that by compressing their articles within as small a compass as possible, they will enable us not only to give such communications more ready insertion, but also to increase the interest of every number of_ N. & Q. _by treating in it of a greater variety of topics._ _Full price will be given for clean copies of_ No. 19. _upon application to our Publisher._ C. W. N. B., _who writes respecting_ "Supporters borne by Baronets," _is referred to our_ 3rd Vol. p. 224. ALPHA (Oxford), _is referred to our_ 1st Vol. p. 476. _for information respecting the letters_ M. _and_ N. _in certain of the services of the church._ W. H. K. _We plead guilty to having "nodded" on the occasion referred to. It is due to the number of ladies who patronize us, that such an oversight should not occur again--and it shall not._ _If_ P. H. (q. 364. p. 502. of No. 113.) _will give his name and address, the Editor thinks that he can obtain for him some information on the subject of his inquiry._ JARLTZBERG. _We have not the opportunity of using the type in question._ REPLIES RECEIVED.--_John Holywood the Mathematician--Barrister --Tripos--Papers of Perjury--Passage in Goldsmith--Dido and Æneas--"England expects every Man," &c.--Dial Mottoes--Age of Trees--Racked by Pain, &c.--Moravian Hymns--Cockney--Meaning of Hernshaw--Ducks and Drakes--Death of Pitt, and other Replies from Este--Crosses and Crucifixes--Sinaitic Inscriptions--Robin Redbreast--Nightingale and Thorn--Singing of Swans--Bishop Trelawney--Lines on the Bible--Hobbes' Leviathan--Derivation of London--Collar of SS._ _Among other interesting communications, which, in spite of our enlarged size, we have been compelled to postpone for want of space, are_ MR. CROSSLEY _on Cibber and Johnson's_ Lives of the Poets--_some fresh particulars respecting General Wolfe_--MR. CHADWICK, "_Right of Search of Parish Registers_"--MR. ROSS, _on the Dukes's saying, "There is no mistake"_--DR. TODD, _on Wady Mokatteb--Index Expurgatorius--"Boiling to Death"--and many other interesting articles which are in type._ _Copies of our_ Prospectus, _according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H., _will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by circulating them._ "NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday._ MR. CHARLES KNIGHT'S COMPANION LIBRARY. Commenced on Thursday, the 1st of Jan. 1852. The COMPANION SHAKSPERE, Comprehending all needful Commentary. In numbers, twice a month, each containing a single Play, sewed in a handsome wrapper, price 6_d._, and in monthly parts, price 1_s._ each. The whole edition forming four portable volumes. In crown 8vo., illustrated with Woodcuts, The Best STORY-TELLERS, In weekly numbers, price 2_d._ each, and in monthly parts, price 1_s._ each. To be completed in 16 monthly parts. In crown 8vo., illustrated with Woodcuts, HALF-HOURS with the BEST AUTHORS, including two new volumes of Half-Hours with the Best Letter Writers; with Biographical and Critical Notices by CHARLES KNIGHT. In Weekly Numbers, price 2_d._ each, and in Monthly Parts, price 1_s._ each. To be completed in 16 Monthly Parts. NEW WORKS. Crown 8vo., commenced December 1, 1851. Part I., price 1_s._ TRAVELLING HOURS: A Series of Short Papers on Popular Subjects, to be published occasionally. Part I., price 1_s._ The COUNTRY HOUSE. To be completed in 12 Parts, and to form Three Volumes. "This (the Poultry-Yard) is one of a series of useful manuals written in a plain and popular style on the many adjuncts peculiar to a 'Country House.' It is perhaps one of the very best existing treatises on poultry, inasmuch as it discards all the superfluous matter generally introduced in books, and which puzzles, rather than assists, an inquiring reader. The writer evidently understands his subject, and this stamps his observations with a value which otherwise they would not possess."--_Gardener's Chronicles_, December 20. MR. CHARLES KNIGHT'S SERIALS FOR JANUARY. In Parts, 1_s._, and Sections, 2_s._ 6_d._ PICTORIAL SHAKSPERE--The National Edition. Parts XXIX. and XXX.; Section XIV. in wrappers. Vol. II., Histories, cloth boards. Now Ready. Part VIII., 6_d._ HALF-HOURS of ENGLISH HISTORY. Part X., in wrapper, 2_s._ 6_d._, The IMPERIAL CYCLOPÆDIA of GEOGRAPHY: THE BRITISH EMPIRE. No. 9., 3_d._, and Part V., 6_d._, CURIOSITIES of INDUSTRY. Part II., in wrapper, 1_s._, The COUNTRY HOUSE--THE PIGGERY. Part I., sewed, price half-a-crown, The PROGRESSIVE EDITION of the NATIONAL CYCLOPÆDIA, Containing Supplementary Articles in the Sciences and Arts, Geography, History, and Biography, added at the end of each letter. To be completed in 20 Monthly Parts. MR. CHARLES KNIGHT'S ALMANACS. Price 1_s._, The BRITISH ALMANAC for 1852. Price 2_s._ 6_d._, The COMPANION to the ALMANAC for 1852. In cloth boards, lettered, price 4_s._, The BRITISH ALMANAC and COMPANION, 1852, together. WORKS SUITED FOR PRESENTATION. 12 Vols. cloth, 3_l._; half-bound, 3_l._ 12_s._; 6 Vols. half russia, 3_l._ 13_s._ 6_d._, NATIONAL CYCLOPÆDIA of USEFUL KNOWLEDGE. 1 Vol. of nearly 1000 pages, bound, 8_s._, KNIGHT'S CYCLOPÆDIA of the INDUSTRY of all NATIONS. 1 Vol. of nearly 1000 pages, bound, 8_s._, KNIGHT'S CYCLOPÆDIA of LONDON. With elaborate Woodcuts. In 1 Vol. handsomely bound, 7_s._ 6_d._, The BIBLE HISTORY. By J. KITTO, D.D., F.S.A. In 4 Vols. cloth, 10_s._; in 2 Vols., half-bound, 12_s._, HALF-HOURS with the BEST AUTHORS. 4 Vols. 14_s._; or in 2 Vols., half-bound, 16_s._, MISCELLANIES of ART, with illustrative Descriptions. Forming four superb volumes, 2_l._ 8_s._, The LAND WE LIVE IN: A Pictorial and Literary Sketch-Book of the British Empire. Profusely illustrated with Woodcuts, and with splendid Line Engravings on Steel. Very profusely Illustrated, in 1 vol., handsomely bound, 7_s._ 6_d._, WILLIAM SHAKSPERE: A Biography. By CHARLES KNIGHT. Containing Five Portraits of Shakspere on Steel, 7_s._ 6_d._, STUDIES of SHAKSPERE. By CHARLES KNIGHT. MAPS and ATLASES of the SOCIETY for the DIFFUSION of USEFUL KNOWLEDGE. The whole of the Maps corrected to the present time. Single Maps and Plans of Cities, plain, 6_d._ each; coloured, 9_d._ Atlases, plain and coloured, very handsomely and strongly half-bound in morocco or russia, from 12_s._ to 9_l._ 14_s._ A Prospectus, with full particulars of the Maps and Atlases, and Descriptive Catalogues of Mr. Charles Knight's Publications, with Specimen Pages of New Works, forwarded, post free, on application to the Publisher. LONDON: CHARLES KNIGHT, 90. FLEET STREET, And all Booksellers and Stationers throughout the country. Published under the Superintendence of the Ecclesiological late Cambridge Camden Society. Now ready, price 12_s._ 6_d._ Ecclesiologist for 1851. Containing Church Architecture, New Churches, Restorations, and Ritualism during the Past Year, Reports of Societies, &c. "The good of the Church is the one great end to which all the Society's resources and all its energies have hitherto been, and will continue to be, devoted."--_Address_, No. 1. 1841. The set of Twelve Volumes may be had, neatly bound, price 5_l._; from 1841 to 1851. Now ready, in Two Volumes, price 10_s._ 6_d._ and 12_s._ Ecclesiastic for 1851. Containing Articles on the most important Church events of the past year, as also Essays, Theological, Critical, and Scholastic. The set of Twelve Volumes, price 4_l._ 4_s._ As regards the principles of the magazine, the publisher believes that he is warranted in asserting that while all the great questions of present interest have been ably, consistently, and boldly dealt with, the articles have been marked by a tone of dutiful affection to the Church. "Solid repository of sound theology and criticism."--_Morning Chronicle._ Subscriptions for the coming year, 1_l._ 4_s._, are now due. The price is 2_s._, but to persons ordering directly and paying in advance, the Publisher will undertake to send the Magazine by post, free of any additional charge. On January 1st, 1852, No. LXXIII. Price Two Shillings. CONTENTS: 1. Antichrist and the Babylon of the Apocalypse. 2. Foulkes's Ecclesiastical History. 3. Wilson's Bampton Lectures. 4. America and the Americans. 5. Maurice on the First Lessons. Reviews, Notices, &c. London: J. MASTERS, Aldersgate Street, and New Bond Street. 2 vols. 8vo. 32_s._ THE LIFE AND LETTERS of BARTHOLD GEORGE NIEBUHR. From the German and Original Sources. With Essays on his Character and Influence. By CHEVALIER BUNSEN and PROFESSOR BRANDIS and LOEBELL. Vol. I., 8vo. cloth, price 8_s._, with Portrait and Vignette. THE POETICAL and DRAMATIC WORKS of SIR EDWARD BULWER LYTTON, Bart. Vol. I. contains Narrative Poems, the New Timon, &c. London: CHAPMAN and HALL, 193. Piccadilly. NEW JUVENILE WORKS FOR PRESENTS. By the Author of "Peep of Day," "Near Home," &c. FAR OFF; or, Asia and Australia described. With Anecdotes and numerous Illustrations. 12mo. cloth. 5_s._ By the Author of "Mary and Florence." LEILA AT HOME. A Continuation of "Leila in England." By ANNE FRASER TYTLER. Fcap. cloth, 6_s._ HARRY BRIGHTSIDE; or, the Young Traveller in Italy. By AUNT LOUISA. Coloured Illustration. 12mo. cloth, 4_s._ 6_d._ London: T. HATCHARD, 187. Piccadilly, and all Booksellers. Bohn's Standard Library for January. NEANDER'S CHURCH HISTORY. Vol. VI. with Index. Post 8vo. 3_s._ 6_d._ HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden. Bohn's Scientific Library for January. HUMBOLDT'S PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF HIS TRAVELS. Vol. I. Post 8vo. (to be completed in 3 vols.) 5_s._ HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, and 6. York Street. Covent Garden. Bohn's Classical Library for January. PINDAR, literally translated by DAWSON W. TURNER; to which is added, the METRICAL TRANSLATION, by ABRAHAM MOORE. Fine Portrait. Post 8vo. 5_s._ HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden. Bohn's Cheap Series.--New Volume. HAWTHORNE'S TWICE-TOLD TALES. Second Series. Post 8vo. 1_s._--Also the First Series. Price 1_s._ HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden. Christmas Book. Elegant in cloth, gilt edges, 2_s._ 6_d._ HAWTHORNE'S WONDERBOOK FOR GIRLS AND BOYS. Post 8vo. with Eight fine Illustrations. HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, and 6. York Street, Covent Garden. Bohn's Cheap Series. price 1_s._ or in gilt cloth, price 1_s._ 6_d._ HAWTHORNE'S SNOW IMAGE, AND OTHER TALES. Post 8vo. HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden. Just published, 8vo., price 9_s._ OXFORD UNIVERSITY STATUTES, Vol. II., containing the Modern Statutes from 1767 to 1850. Translated to 1843, by the late G. R. M. WARD, M.A., formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, and completed under the superintendence of JAMES HEYWOOD, M.P., F.R.S. Lately published, 8vo. price 7_s._ Vol. I. of the same Work, containing the CAROLINE or LAUDIAN CODE of UNIVERSITY STATUTES. Translated by G. R. M. WARD, M.A. WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. Just published, demy 24mo., price 1_s._ 6_d._ sewed, or in antique cloth, lettered in gold, with red edges, No. XIV. of PICKERING'S SERIES OF CHRISTIAN CLASSICS. viz. BISHOP HALL'S MEDITATIONS and VOWS, DIVINE and MORAL. No. XV.--BISHOP HALL'S NO PEACE WITH ROME and a SERIOUS DISSUASIVE from POPERY. On Jan. 1, 1852. Nos. 1. to 13. of this Series, price 1_s._ 6_d._ each sewed, or 2_s._ cloth, may be had of any Bookseller. W. PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. Just published, THE BOOK OF FAMILIAR QUOTATIONS. 12mo. cloth. Price 3_s._ 6_d._ London: WHITTAKER and CO., Ave Maria Lane. THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXIX., will be published NEXT WEEK. CONTENTS: I. RUSSIAN AND GERMAN CAMPAIGNS. II. KEW GARDENS. III. PHYSIOGNOMY. IV. JUNIUS. V. HIGHLAND DESTITUTION AND IRISH EMIGRATION. VI. SIR ROBERT HERON'S NOTES. VII. ITALY. VIII. LOUIS NAPOLEON BUONAPARTE. JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. Important Discoveries in the Early History of the World. Next Week, in Post 8vo., Illustrated with Maps of India and Greece, price 12_s._ cloth. INDIA IN GREECE; or, TRUTH IN MYTHOLOGY. By E. POCOCKE, Esq. This work, containing the earliest history of Greece drawn from original sources, treats of the colonization of that country from North-Western India, of the Budhistic Propaganda, the Tartarian Mission, and the wars of the Grand Lama in Hellas--corresponding Maps of India and Greece exhibit the exact parent tribes and districts of the latter country, in Cashmir, Thibet, Tartary, Afghanistan, and North-Western India. This geographical basis leads the way to a thorough revision of early Hellenic history, whereby the Cyclopes, Autochthous, Erectheus, Cecrops, Corybantes, Cabeiri, and a long list of Mythologic agents, are at once placed in the category of history. This work, equally adapted to the general reader and the scholar, corroborates in the most interesting way, the scriptural accounts of the Hebrew settlements of the Children of Israel in Palestine, and demonstrates their wars with the Tartar and Rajpoot tribes of that country. JOHN J. GRIFFIN and Co., 53. Baker Street, London; and RICHARD GRIFFIN and Co., Glasgow. BIBLES AND BIBLICAL WORKS FOR PRESENTATION. BAGSTER'S POLYGLOT BIBLES. The elegant manner in which these well-known Books are got up, renders them especially eligible as PRESENTATION copies of the "Sacred Scriptures." Bound in Bagster's peculiar style of flexible Turkey morocco, of durable beauty, and enriched with every external adornment, their typographical completeness is enhanced. The Miniature Polyglot, or small pocket size, the Foolscap Octavo, pocket size, and the Facsimile Large-Print Edition, all correspond page for page; and in their combinations with the Book of Common Prayer, Indexes, Concordances, Lexicons, etc., afford a variety suited to every requirement. The "Comprehensive Family and Pulpit Bible," containing the largest number of parallel references and illustrative notes ever published, is kept, of various quarto sizes, bound up with Family Registers, in plain and sumptuous bindings. The "Hexapla" is a treasury of the most condensed criticism. It consists of the Greek Text of the New Testament, printed in the largest type, with six standard English translations beneath it, arranged for comparison in parallel columns. Kept in every style of best binding. "The Bible of Every Land," now just completed, is a collection of interesting Memoirs of every Language into which the Bible has been translated, with engraved Specimens, numerous coloured Maps, and a full series of Native Alphabets. "The Blank Paged Bible," "The Biblia Ecclesiæ Polyglotta," "The Large-Print Critical Greek Testament and Septuagint" may also be suggested as suitable gifts. See descriptive Catalogues, which are furnished without charge, and sent free by post. London: SAMUEL BAGSTER AND SONS, 15. Paternoster Row, where, and at most respectable Booksellers in the Kingdom, a large assortment may be seen. MULTÆ TERRICOLIS LINGUÆ COELESTIBUS UNA. [Greek: Pollai men thnêtois Glôttai, mia d' Athanatoisin.] NEW WORKS. A DICTIONARY OF GREEK and ROMAN GEOGRAPHY, by various writers. Illustrated with Coins, Plans of Cities, Districts, and Battles, &c. Edited by WILLIAM SMITH LL.D., Editor of the Dictionaries of "Greek and Roman Antiquities," and of "Biography and Mythology." [Star symbol] To appear in quarterly parts, and to form 1 vol. medium 8vo.--Part I., price 4_s._ ready. PROFESSOR MERLET'S DICTIONARY of DIFFICULTIES of the FRENCH LANGUAGE. A New and Enlarged Edition, greatly improved. 12mo. bound, 6_s._ 6_d._ BUFF'S LETTERS ON THE PHYSICS of the EARTH. By Dr. HOFMANN. Foolscap 8vo. 5_s._ DR. R. G. LATHAM'S GERMANIA OF TACITUS; with Ethnological Dissertations and Notes. Demy 8vo. 12_s._ 6_d._ cloth. DR. LARDNER ON THE STEAM ENGINE, STEAM NAVIGATION, ROADS AND RAILWAYS. New and Cheap Edition. 1 vol. large 12mo. 8_s._ 6_d._ cloth. LATHAM'S HANDBOOK OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. For the use of Students of the Universities and Higher Classes of Schools. Large 12mo. 8_s._ 6_d._ cloth. LARDNER'S HANDBOOK OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY AND ASTRONOMY. First Course: Mechanics, Hydrostatics, Pneumatics, Sound, and Optics. Large 12mo. 400 Woodcuts. 12_s._ 6_d._ cloth. LIEBIG'S FAMILIAR LETTERS ON CHEMISTRY, New and Cheap Edition. Containing his latest researches on Food, Dietetics, Physiology, and Agriculture, &c. Fcap. 8vo. 6_s._ cloth. DE MORGAN'S BOOK OF ALMANACS, by which the Almanac belonging to any year preceding A.D. 2000 can be found; with means of finding New and Full Moons from B.C. 2000 to A.D. 2000. Oblong 8vo. 5_s._ cloth. London: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower Street, and 27. Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row. NEW AND COMPLETE EDITION OF MR. BURKE'S WORKS AND CORRESPONDENCE. In February will be published, elegantly printed in 8vo, VOL. I. with Portrait (to be completed in Eight Monthly Volumes, price 12_s._ each) of THE WORKS AND CORRESPONDENCE OF THE RIGHT HON. EDMUND BURKE. This Edition will contain-- 1. Mr. BURKE'S CORRESPONDENCE between the year 1744 and his Decease in 1797, first published from the original MSS. in 1844, edited by Earl Fitzwilliam and Sir Richard Bourke, in Four Volumes; containing numerous Historical and Biographical Notes, and several Original Letters from the leading Statesmen of the period, and forming an Autobiography of this celebrated Writer. The Letters of Mr. Burke to Dr. French Laurence, published from the original MSS. by the late Archbishop of Cashel in 1827, will be incorporated in the Correspondence. 2. The WORKS of Mr. BURKE, as edited by his Literary Executor, the late Bishop of Rochester, and completed, by the publication of the 15th and 16th Volumes, in 1826. The political Events of the present day give increased importance and interest to the valuable writings of this eminent philosophical statesman. RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church-Yard, and Waterloo Place. [Star symbol] The First Edition of the CORRESPONDENCE may still be had (to complete former Editions of the WORKS), in 4 VOLS. 8vo. price 2_l._ 2_s._ THE ART-JOURNAL (Price 2_s._ 6_d._) for January, 1852, will contain the following Engravings:-- ON STEEL--FOUR. 1. The Cavalier's Pets. Engraved in Line by J. Outrim, from the Painting by Sir E. Landseer, R.A., in the Vernon Gallery. 2. The Dangerous Playmate. Engraved in Line by E. J. Portbury, from the Painting by W. Etty, R.A., in the Vernon Gallery. 3. Night; and 4. Morning. Engraved on Steel by W. Roffe, from the Bas-reliefs of Thorwaldsen, in the Gallery of His Grace the Duke of Devonshire, at Chatsworth. ON WOOD--FIFTY-TWO. Seven Large Engravings on Wood, to Illustrate a Memoir of Rubens. Twelve Engravings of Statues of the Madonna in Nuremberg, Elucidated by Mrs. Jameson. Two Engravings from Drawings from the "Sketch-Book of Moritz Retzsch." Thirteen Engravings from Drawings by F. W. Fairholt, F.S.A., to Illustrate a Day at Chatsworth, by Mrs. S. C. Hall. Four Engravings of Ancient Costumes from Drawings by Professor Heideloff. One Engraving of the Cardinal Virtues--"Patience"--by Professor Mücke, of Dusseldorf. Twelve Engravings of Recent Works, to Illustrate the "Progress of Art-Manufacture." [Star symbol] It will be obvious to all who examine the four Engravings on Steel, above enumerated, that each is of greater value than the sum charged for the whole: and that they are quite equal in size and excellence to the prints which a few years ago were published at half-a-guinea each. This Part, commencing a new Volume, with the New Year, affords a Favourable Opportunity for New Subscribers. GEORGE VIRTUE, Publisher, 25. Paternoster Row. This day, No. 15., price 2_s._ 6_d._, imperial 4to. DETAILS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, measured and drawn from existing examples, by J. K. COLLING, Architect. CONTENTS: South Doorway, West Walton Church, Norfolk. Details from ditto. Foliated Capitals from ditto. Windows from Rolvenden Church, Kent. Continued Monthly. London: D. BOGUE and GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street. THE FAMILY ALMANACK and EDUCATIONAL REGISTER for 1852, besides the usual Contents of an Almanac, contains full and complete accounts of all the Universities, Colleges, and Grammar Schools in the Kingdom, including Masters' Names, Number and Value of Scholarships, Amount of Endowment, and a great variety of particulars respecting Education at Home and Abroad. Thick post 8vo., price 4_s._ WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DAIRY and ECCLESIASTICAL CALENDAR for 1852, contains, besides the Diary, every variety of Information necessary for Clergymen; forming the most Complete Clerical Pocket-Book ever published. Price in cloth, 3_s._; roan, 5_s._; morocco, 6_s._ 6_d._ London: JOHN HENRY PARKER, 377. Strand. Just published (to be had Gratis, or posted on receipt of 4 Stamps) by W. WALKER & SON, 188. Fleet Street: A CATALOGUE of Interesting and Valuable Autograph Letters, comprising those of the Kings and Queens of England, France, Germany, and Spain. Illustrious Persons of Europe; Statesmen and Political Characters; Military and Naval Men; Authors and Literary Men; Poets, including Pope, Prior, Addison, Steele, Byron, Shelley, Wordsworth, &c. Also many of the remarkable Characters that figured in the French Revolution: Napoleon's Great Officers of State, Generals, Marshals, &c. Now ready. THE WESTMINSTER AND FOREIGN QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CXI., JANUARY, 1852. Price 6_s._ CONTENTS: I. Representative Reform. II. Shell Fish: their Ways and Works. III. The Relation between Employers and Employed. IV. Mary Stuart. V. The Latest Continental Theory of Legislation. VI. Julia von Krüdener, as Coquette and Mystic. VII. The Ethics of Christendom. VIII. Political Questions and Parties in France. IX. Contemporary Literature of England. X. Retrospective Survey of American Literature. XI. Contemporary Literature of America. XII. Contemporary Literature of Germany. XIII. Contemporary Literature of France. Persons desirous of having the work forwarded to them, by post, postage free, are requested to transmit their names to the publisher, in order that they may receive their copies on the day of publication. London: JOHN CHAPMAN, 142. Strand. Appropriate Gift Book of the Season. BY AUTHORITY OF THE ROYAL COMMISSIONERS. THE COMPLETE OFFICIAL DESCRIPTIVE AND ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of the GREAT EXHIBITION of the WORKS of INDUSTRY of ALL NATIONS, 1851. In Three handsome Vols., price Three Guineas. "The Library of every Englishman will be incomplete without a copy of this truly national work, which will be handed down from generation to generation as an enduring record of an event which excited the wonder of the civilized globe, and formed one of the brightest phases of the present century."--_Mining Journal._ SPICER BROTHERS, Wholesale Stationers. W. M. CLOWES AND SONS, Printers. OFFICIAL CATALOGUE OFFICE, Tudor Street, New Bridge Street, Blackfriars; and of all Booksellers. GRATIS WITH THE "DISPATCH" of SUNDAY next, Jan. 4.--The Subscribers to the "WEEKLY DISPATCH" will be presented with a highly-finished coloured Chart, showing by diagrams and at one view, the number of persons who daily, during a period of five months, visited the Crystal Palace, the amount of money taken at the doors and received from various sources, and other statistics of an interesting character. And on the following Sunday, Jan. 11, the Chart will be given to all Purchasers of the "DISPATCH" who are not regular Subscribers. The Chart, which is surmounted with an engraved view of the Great Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations, has been prepared by permission of the Royal Commissioners, from designs by Corporals A. GARDENER and J. 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[Transcriber's Note: List of volumes and content pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I.-IV.] +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct. 4, 1851 | 249-264 | PG # 38701 | | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851 | 265-287 | PG # 38773 | | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851 | 289-303 | PG # 38864 | | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851 | 305-333 | PG # 38926 | +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov. 1, 1851 | 337-358 | PG # 39076 | | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov. 8, 1851 | 361-374 | PG # 39091 | | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851 | 377-396 | PG # 39135 | | Vol. IV No. 108 | Nov. 22, 1851 | 401-414 | PG # 39197 | | Vol. IV No. 109 | Nov. 29, 1851 | 417-430 | PG # 39233 | +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ | Vol. IV No. 110 | Dec. 6, 1851 | 433-460 | PG # 39338 | | Vol. IV No. 111 | Dec. 13, 1851 | 465-478 | PG # 39393 | | Vol. IV No. 112 | Dec. 20, 1851 | 481-494 | PG # 39438 | | Vol. IV No. 113 | Dec. 27, 1851 | 497-510 | PG # 39503 | +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | | INDEX TO THE FOURTH VOLUME. JULY-DEC., 1851 | PG # 40166 | +------------------------------------------------+------------+ *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. V, NUMBER 114, JANUARY 3, 1852 *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. 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