The Project Gutenberg eBook of Check-list of the Birds of Kansas This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. Title: Check-list of the Birds of Kansas Author: Harrison Bruce Tordoff Release date: November 24, 2010 [eBook #34429] Language: English Credits: Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHECK-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF KANSAS *** Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net ================================================================== UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume 8, No. 5, pp. 307-359, 1 figure in text ---------------------- March 10, 1956 ---------------------- Check-list of the Birds of Kansas BY HARRISON B. TORDOFF UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LAWRENCE 1956 UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard, Robert W. Wilson Volume 8, No. 5, pp. 307-359, 1 figure Published March 10, 1956 UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS Lawrence, Kansas PRINTED BY FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER TOPEKA, KANSAS 1956 25-9006 CHECK-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF KANSAS By Harrison B. Tordoff Kansas was one of the first states for which a detailed book on birds was published (N. S. Goss, "History of the Birds of Kansas," Topeka, Kansas, 1891). Ornithological progress in Kansas in recent years, however, has not kept pace with work in many other states. As a result, knowledge of the birds of Kansas today is not sufficiently detailed to make possible a modern, definitive report. One purpose of this check-list is to show gaps in our information on birds of the state. Each student of birds can contribute importantly by keeping accurate records of nesting, distribution, and migration of any species in Kansas and by making these records available through publication in appropriate journals. The Museum of Natural History at the University of Kansas solicits records and specimens which contribute to our knowledge of birds in Kansas. Files and collections at the Museum are available to any qualified person for study. The last state-wide list of birds was prepared by W. S. Long (Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 43, 1940:433-456). This list and the unpublished thesis from which the list was abstracted have been of great value in preparing the present report. Many other persons have contributed and among these the names of the following must be mentioned because of the value of their contributions: Ivan L. Boyd, L. B. Carson, Arthur L. Goodrich, Jr., Richard Graber, Jean Graber, Harold C. Hedges, R. F. Miller, John M. Porter, and Marvin D. Schwilling. Full standing in this check-list has been given only to species for which at least one specimen from Kansas has been examined by some qualified student. Exceptions to this admittedly arbitrary rule have been made in three cases, Trumpeter Swan, Turkey, and Carolina Paroquet, because there is no reason to doubt that each of these three species once occurred in Kansas and because opportunity for obtaining specimens from Kansas has been lost through disappearance of the species from the state. Other species reported from the state but not authenticated by specimens have been relegated to the Hypothetical List and their names and my remarks concerning these birds are enclosed in brackets. This procedure is intended to encourage collection of such species; it is not intended necessarily to indicate doubt of a record. In the case of a carefully identified but uncollected accidental, opportunity for obtaining a specimen may not exist again for a long period. This is unfortunate but emphasizes the need for judicious collecting. A total of 375 species (or 459 species and subspecies), of which four are introduced, is included in this check-list. Additionally, 15 species are discussed in the Hypothetical List. An asterisk (*) preceding an account indicates positive evidence of breeding in Kansas of the species so marked. The total of species known to have bred at least once in the state is 173. Nomenclature in this list follows the American Ornithologists' Union "Check-List of North American Birds" (1931, 4th edition) and its supplements. Species on the Hypothetical List are included in their current taxonomic position in the main list. _Gavia immer_ (Brünnich). Common Loon. Uncommon transient throughout state. No subspecies recognized. _Gavia stellata_ (Pontoppidan). Red-throated Loon. Rare transient. One specimen: female (Univ. Michigan Mus. Zool. 65778), Marais des Cygnes River, near Ottawa, Franklin County, October 20, 1925, Captain Joe R. White. Several sight records from Shawnee and Johnson counties within past 10 years. No subspecies recognized. _Colymbus grisegena._ Red-necked Grebe. Rare transient. One specimen: female (KU 7697), Kansas River east of Lawrence, Douglas County, October 29, 1910, Logan I. Evans. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. g. holböllii_ (Reinhardt). _Colymbus auritus._ Horned Grebe. Rare transient. Two authentic specimens: Manhattan, Riley County, September 30, 1878; male (KU 27465), 2-1/2 miles north of Lawrence, Douglas County, November 16, 1945, E. C. Olson and Ralph L. Montell. Several sight records, from eastern, central, and western Kansas. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. a. cornutus_ Gmelin. _Colymbus caspicus._ Eared Grebe. Regular transient throughout state; more common than Horned Grebe. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. californicus_ (Heermann). _Aechmophorus occidentalis_ (Lawrence). Western Grebe. Rare transient, perhaps more common in west but status poorly known. No subspecies recognized. * _Podilymbus podiceps._ Pied-billed Grebe. Common transient and irregular summer resident, rare winter resident. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. p. podiceps_ (Linnaeus). _Pelecanus erythrorhynchos_ Gmelin. White Pelican. Common transient throughout state. Occasional individuals, probably sick or wounded, remain beyond normal migration periods in spring and fall. No subspecies recognized. _Pelecanus occidentalis._ Brown Pelican. Accidental. One specimen: adult, sex not determined (KU 10468), Parker, Linn County, June, 1916, found dead by G. G. McConnell. One seen at Wichita, Sedgwick County, by R. H. Sullivan, April 25, 1910. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. o. carolinensis_ Gmelin. * _Phalacrocorax auritus._ Double-crested Cormorant. Regular transient, in small to moderate numbers. One nesting record: several nests, eggs, and small young seen, Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, August, 1951, Otto Tiemeier. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. a. auritus_ (Lesson). _Phalacrocorax olivaceus._ Mexican Cormorant. Accidental. One record: specimen taken 4 miles south of Lawrence, Douglas County, April 2, 1872. Present location unknown but specimen identified by S. F. Baird and R. Ridgway. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. o. mexicanus_ (Brandt). _Anhinga anhinga._ Water-turkey. Accidental. Several specimens and sight observations are on record but most are prior to 1900. Several records and one specimen at Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, since 1928 (Frank Robl). In recent years, some reported Water-turkeys have proved to be cormorants. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. a. leucogaster_ (Vieillot). _Fregata magnificens._ Man-o'-war-bird. Accidental. One record: specimen (present location unknown) taken on the North Fork of the Solomon River, Osborne County, August 16, 1880, by Frank Lewis. Subspecies in Kansas: _F. m. rothschildi_ Mathews. * _Ardea herodias._ Great Blue Heron. Common transient and summer resident nesting in widely scattered colonies. Subspecies in Kansas: three reported, _A. h. herodias_ Linnaeus in northeast, _A. h. wardi_ Ridgway in southeast, and _A. h. treganzai_ Court in west, but status of these poorly known because of lack of sufficient breeding specimens. _Casmerodius albus._ American Egret. Regular postbreeding summer visitant; occasional spring and summer resident. No definite nesting record. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. a. egretta_ (Gmelin). * _Leucophoyx thula._ Snowy Egret. Regular postbreeding summer visitant; rare and local summer resident; occasional in spring. One nesting record: two nests found, summer, 1952, 6 miles north and 4-1/2 miles west of Garden City, Finney County, Marvin D. Schwilling. Subspecies in Kansas: _L. t. thula_ (Molina). _Hydranassa tricolor._ Louisiana Heron. Accidental. Two records: specimen taken at Lake Inman, McPherson County, August 9, 1934, by R. E. Mohler and Richard H. Schmidt; one seen, 1-1/2 miles south of Iatan Marsh, Atchison County (near Iatan, Missouri), September 12, 1948, first reported by R. F. Miller and Mr. and Mrs. Ivan L. Boyd, seen by several other observers. Subspecies in Kansas: _H. t. ruficollis_ (Gosse). * _Florida caerulea._ Little Blue Heron. Regular postbreeding summer visitant; rare and local summer resident; occasional in spring. Usually more common than Snowy Egret. One nesting record: one nest found, summer, 1952, 6 miles north and 4-1/2 miles west of Garden City, Finney County, Marvin D. Schwilling. Subspecies in Kansas: _F. c. caerulea_ (Linnaeus). * _Butorides virescens._ Green Heron. Common transient and summer resident. Subspecies in Kansas: _B. v. virescens_ (Linnaeus). * _Nycticorax nycticorax._ Black-crowned Night Heron. Transient and summer resident, breeding in scattered colonies. Subspecies in Kansas: _N. n. hoactli_ (Gmelin). * _Nyctanassa violacea._ Yellow-crowned Night Heron. Summer resident throughout state, rare in north; numbers perhaps augmented in late summer by postbreeding stragglers. Subspecies in Kansas: _N. v. violacea_ (Linnaeus). * _Botaurus lentiginosus_ (Rackett). American Bittern. Common transient; summer resident locally. Two definite nesting records: nest with 4 newly hatched young (male collected, KU 30468), 1/2 mile east and 2 miles south of Welda, Anderson County, June 9, 1951, Maurice F. Baker; nest with eggs, 6 miles north and 3-1/2 miles west of Kalvesta, Finney County, summer, 1952, Raymond Erkic (_fide_ Marvin D. Schwilling). No subspecies recognized. * _Ixobrychus exilis._ Least Bittern. Transient and irregular summer resident. Two nests found at Lake Quivira, Johnson County, June 3, 1949, Harold C. Hedges; on June 28, one of the nests contained 4 eggs, on July 10 this nest was empty. No other definite nesting records. Subspecies in Kansas: _I. e. exilis_ (Gmelin). _Mycteria americana_ Linnaeus. Wood Ibis. Accidental. Several sight records and one specimen: male (KU 9489), 5 miles north-*east of Goodland, Sherman County, October 4, 1913, Willis Feaster. No subspecies recognized. * _Plegadis mexicana_ (Gmelin). White-faced Glossy Ibis. Irregular transient and summer visitant; more common in west. One definite nesting record: photograph of downy young ("Kansas Fish and Game," vol. 9, no. 3, Jan. 1952, p. 7) taken at Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, presumably in summer of 1951, by L. O. Nossaman. Frank Robl has seen individuals in summer in Cheyenne Bottoms on many occasions. Reports of Eastern Glossy Ibis (_Plegadis falcinellus_) in Kansas probably are based on dark-faced immatures of the present species, although the eastern species has been taken in Oklahoma. No subspecies recognized. _Ajaia ajaja_ (Linnaeus). Roseate Spoonbill. Accidental. One authentic specimen (present location not known): male, near Douglass, on Four-Mile Creek, Butler County, March 20, 1899, taken by Dr. R. Matthews, identification verified by Jerold Volk and Wilfred Goodman. No subspecies recognized. _Phoenicopterus ruber_ Linnaeus. Flamingo. Accidental. Two birds seen in autumn, 1928, at Little Salt Marsh, Stafford County, one of which was killed on opening day of duck season and now (1955) is mounted at Kansas Forestry, Fish, and Game Commission headquarters at Pratt. No subspecies recognized. _Olor columbianus_ (Ord). Whistling Swan. Transient and winter resident, formerly common, now rare. Many specimens are on record; at least four were taken in winter. No subspecies recognized. _Olor buccinator_ (Richardson). Trumpeter Swan. Formerly occasional migrant, no longer occurs in Kansas. All specimens from Kansas alleged to be of this species are actually Whistling Swans. The early sight records seem valid, however, and the species should remain on the state list. No subspecies recognized. * _Branta canadensis._ Canada Goose. Common transient; some winter in suitable places. This species was found nesting along the Missouri River near Atchison by early explorers. Modern breeding records probably pertain to captives or their descendants. Subspecies in Kansas: _B. c. moffitti_ Aldrich, _B. c. leucopareia_ (Brandt), _B. c. minima_ Ridgway, and _B. c. hutchinsi_ (Richardson) have been collected in Kansas. Additionally, subspecies _interior_ Todd and _parvipes_ (Cassin) probably pass through the state but no specimens have been saved. Canada Geese of widely varying size are regularly seen in migration. _Branta bernicla._ Brant. Accidental. Several sight records and one specimen: unsexed bird (KU 7490), Leavenworth County, November 15, 1879, A. Lange. Some hunters refer to immature Blue Geese as "brant." Orville O. Rice saw 4 brant 2 miles north of Burlington, near the Neosho River, Coffey County, March 24, 1955, that appeared to be Black Brant, _Branta nigricans_ (Lawrence). Subspecies in Kansas: _B. b. hrota_ (Müller). _Anser albifrons._ White-fronted Goose. Regular transient throughout state, more common in central and western parts. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. a. frontalis_ Baird. _Chen hyperborea._ Snow Goose. Common transient throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. h. hyperborea_ (Pallas). _Chen caerulescens_ (Linnaeus). Blue Goose. Common transient in east, less common in central and western parts of state. In east, this species predominates in early spring migration whereas the Snow Goose is most numerous later. Hybrids between the two are regularly seen. No subspecies recognized. [_Chen rossii_ (Cassin). Ross Goose. One reported at Wyandotte County Lake, November 22, 1951, by John Bishop. Placed in Hypothetical List in absence of a specimen.] _Dendrocygna bicolor._ Fulvous Tree-duck. Accidental. Frank Robl carefully examined and identified three specimens killed in 1929 or 1930, in Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County. None saved. Specimens collected also in nearby areas of Missouri. Subspecies in Kansas: _D. b. helva_ Wetmore and Peters, on geographical grounds. * _Anas platyrhynchos._ Mallard. Abundant transient, regular winter resident, irregular and local summer resident. Modern breeding distribution poorly known but several nests found in widely scattered areas in past years. Nests regularly in Kearny, Finney, and Barton counties. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. p. platyrhynchos_ Linnaeus. _Anas rubripes_ Brewster. Black Duck. Regular but rare or uncommon transient and winter resident in east and central (Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County) sections. No subspecies recognized. _Anas fulvigula._ Mottled Duck. Accidental. Four specimens allegedly of this species have been reported. Of these, two are actually Mallards, one is a Gadwall, and one, female, Neosho Falls, Woodson County, March 11, 1876, Goss, is a Mottled Duck. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. f. maculosa_ Sennett. _Anas strepera_ Linnaeus. Gadwall. Transient and occasional winter resident throughout state. Rare summer resident but no satisfactory nesting record reported. No subspecies recognized. * _Anas acuta_ Linnaeus. Pintail. Abundant transient throughout state, irregular winter resident, local summer resident nesting in recent years in Barton, Finney, Meade, and Leavenworth counties, but summer distribution poorly known. No subspecies recognized. _Anas carolinensis_ Gmelin. Green-winged Teal. Common transient, rare winter resident (records from Meade County and Kansas City). No subspecies recognized. * _Anas discors_ Linnaeus. Blue-winged Teal. Common transient, locally common summer resident. No subspecies recognized. _Anas cyanoptera._ Cinnamon Teal. Rare transient in east, uncommon or fairly common transient in west. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. c. septentrionalis_ Snyder and Lumsden. * _Spatula clypeata_ (Linnaeus). Shoveller. Common transient throughout state. Frank Robl found a female with young in Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, in approximately 1930. Nest with eggs found 1-1/2 miles south of Friend, Finney County, in spring, 1952, Marvin D. Schwilling. No subspecies recognized. [_Mareca penelope_ (Linnaeus). European Widgeon. Carl and David Holmes reported a pair at Lake Shawnee, Shawnee County, April 16, 1954. Placed on Hypothetical List until a specimen is taken.] _Mareca americana_ (Gmelin). Baldpate. Common transient throughout state, rare winter resident. No subspecies recognized. * _Aix sponsa_ (Linnaeus). Wood Duck. Transient, rare in west to locally common in extreme east. Summer resident in eastern part of state; breeding distribution poorly known. No subspecies recognized. * _Aythya americana_ (Eyton). Redhead. Fairly common transient and occasional winter resident throughout state. Frank Robl found a nesting pair in Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, in 1928 (approximate). The adults were neither captives nor cripples. No subspecies recognized. _Aythya collaris_ (Donovan). Ring-necked Duck. Fairly common transient throughout state, rare winter resident. No subspecies recognized. _Aythya valisineria_ (Wilson). Canvas-back. Fairly common transient and occasional winter resident throughout state. No subspecies recognized. _Aythya marila._ Greater Scaup Duck. Rare transient, status poorly known. Several sight records, one in winter. Floyd T. Amsden, a competent sportsman and amateur ornithologist of Wichita, identified 3 male specimens killed 3 miles north and 1 mile east of Sharon, Barber County, on October 27 (2) and November 3 (1), 1951. Frank Robl has seen specimens killed in Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County. Every effort should be made to preserve specimens from Kansas. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. m. nearctica_ Stejneger, on geographical grounds. _Aythya affinis_ (Eyton). Lesser Scaup Duck. Common transient throughout state. A few records of wintering and summering (non-*breeding) individuals. No subspecies recognized. _Bucephala clangula._ Golden-eye. Uncommon transient and winter resident. Specimens from Kansas alleged to be the Barrow Golden-eye (_Bucephala islandica_) all are of the present species. Subspecies in Kansas: _B. c. americana_ (Bonaparte). _Bucephala albeola_ (Linnaeus). Buffle-head. Fairly common transient and occasional winter resident throughout state. No subspecies recognized. _Clangula hyemalis_ (Linnaeus). Old-squaw. Rare transient and winter visitant. At least five specimens taken (but only two or three preserved) and numerous sight records, from widely separated parts of state. No subspecies recognized. _Somateria mollissima._ Eider. Accidental. One record: immature male (KU 3620), Kansas River near Lecompton, Douglas County, November 3, 1891, A. L. Wiedman. Subspecies in Kansas: _S. m. v. nigra_ Bonaparte (identification checked by A. Wetmore). _Somateria spectabilis_ (Linnaeus). King Eider. Accidental. One record: immature male (KU 27487), Kansas River 1 mile east of Lawrence, Douglas County, November 27, 1947, R. L. Montell. No subspecies recognized. _Melanitta deglandi._ White-winged Scoter. Rare transient. Nine specimens from Douglas and Leavenworth counties, taken from 1927 to 1938; several sight records from eastern Kansas. Subspecies in Kansas: _M. d. deglandi_ (Bonaparte). _Melanitta perspicillata_ (Linnaeus). Surf Scoter. Rare transient. Eight known specimens (three of which are now in University of Kansas collection), all taken in autumn, seven in Douglas County, one in Sedgwick County; several sight records from eastern Kansas. No subspecies recognized. _Oidemia nigra._ Common Scoter. Accidental. The two preserved specimens from Kansas supposedly of this species are actually Surf Scoters. L. B. Carson, however, identified an adult male Common Scoter killed by a hunter at Horton Lake, Brown County, in the early 1930's. Others have been seen by reliable field observers. Every effort should be made to secure specimens from Kansas. Subspecies in Kansas: _O. n. americana_ Swainson, on geographical grounds. * _Oxyura jamaicensis._ Ruddy Duck. Common transient throughout state, rare winter resident. One breeding record: Frank Robl saw an adult female with one small young at Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, in approximately 1929. Subspecies in Kansas: _O. j. rubida_ (Wilson). _Lophodytes cucullatus_ (Linnaeus). Hooded Merganser. Uncommon transient and winter resident throughout state. Probably nests occasionally (two specimens at KU taken in east in June), but no proof of this available. No subspecies recognized. _Mergus merganser._ American Merganser. Common transient and winter resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _M. m. americanus_ Cassin. _Mergus serrator._ Red-breasted Merganser. Uncommon transient throughout state; probably also rare winter resident but records lacking. This species is more common than Hooded Merganser in west, less common than Hooded in east. Subspecies in Kansas: _M. s. serrator_ Linnaeus. * _Cathartes aura._ Turkey Vulture. Common transient throughout state; common summer resident west at least to Clark County. Breeding distribution in west poorly known. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. a. teter_ Friedmann. _Coragyps atratus_ (Meyer). Black Vulture. Once occurred in southeast, but no record since 1885. Goss quotes Dr. George Lisle ("a close observer") as finding this species common and breeding at Chetopa, Labette County, on the Oklahoma line, prior to 1883. Lisle found a nest with two eggs in 1858. Goss also reports one killed by Watson at Ellis, Ellis County, on March 27, 1885, but the location of the specimen is unknown. The species may still occur in southeastern Kansas. No subspecies recognized. * _Elanoïdes forficatus._ Swallow-tailed Kite. Formerly summer resident in at least eastern half of state. Last specimen from Kansas taken by Dr. G. C. Rinker at Hamilton, Greenwood County, May 17, 1914. Subspecies in Kansas: _E. f. forficatus_ (Linnaeus). * _Ictinia misisippiensis_ (Wilson). Mississippi Kite. Common summer resident in south-central Kansas, east to Harvey, north to Barton, and west to Kearny counties. Occasional records from Douglas (nested once), Johnson, Greenwood, and Hamilton counties. No subspecies recognized. _Accipiter gentilis._ Goshawk. Rare and irregular winter visitor in east. Status in west unknown. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. g. atricapillus_ (Wilson). * _Accipiter striatus._ Sharp-shinned Hawk. Transient and winter resident throughout state; less common in east. Status in summer poorly known; one nest found in Cloud County, July 11, 1938, J. M. Porter. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. s. velox_ (Wilson). * _Accipiter cooperii_ (Bonaparte). Cooper Hawk. Resident throughout state but nesting records only from the eastern half, west to Cloud County. No subspecies recognized. * _Buteo jamaicensis._ Red-tailed Hawk. Abundant transient and winter resident in east; in High Plains of west, largely restricted to river bottoms in winter. Common summer resident in east; status in summer in west poorly known. Subspecies in Kansas: _B. j. borealis_ (Gmelin) is the breeding bird of eastern Kansas. _B. j. calurus_ Cassin probably nests in west but no specimens available. _B. j. borealis_, _B. j. calurus_, _B. j. kriderii_ Hoopes, and _B. j. harlani_ (Audubon), the latter considered here as conspecific with _jamaicensis_, all occur as transients and winter residents. More specimens needed to establish details of distribution of various subspecies. * _Buteo lineatus._ Red-shouldered Hawk. Uncommon transient and summer resident and irregular winter resident in eastern Kansas. Breeding records from Leavenworth and Woodson counties; doubtless breeds in other eastern counties but definite evidence lacking. Subspecies in Kansas: _B. l. lineatus_ (Gmelin). * _Buteo platypterus._ Broad-winged Hawk. Fairly common transient and local summer resident in eastern Kansas. Breeding records only from Douglas, Leavenworth, and Johnson counties, where species nests regularly. Subspecies in Kansas: _B. p. platypterus_ (Vieillot). * _Buteo swainsoni_ Bonaparte. Swainson Hawk. Abundant transient in west, fairly common in east. Nests commonly throughout western two-thirds of state and at least occasionally in eastern portion. Supposed winter records should be substantiated by specimens. No subspecies recognized. _Buteo lagopus._ Rough-legged Hawk. Winter resident, fairly common in east to common in west. Subspecies in Kansas: _B. l. s. johannis_ (Gmelin). * _Buteo regalis_ (Gray). Ferruginous Rough-leg. Common transient and winter resident in west, rare in east. Rare summer resident in west. Two nesting records: nest with four young, south fork of Smoky Hill River, near Wallace, May 27, 1883, Goss; nest with three young, west of Russell Springs, Logan County, May 29, 1954, Marvin D. Schwilling. No subspecies recognized. _Parabuteo unicinctus._ Harris Hawk. Accidental. Two records: male, Wichita, Sedgwick County, December 14, 1918, LeRoy Snyder; female (KU 10752), 7-1/2 miles southwest of Lawrence, Douglas County, December 25, 1918, Fred Hastie. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. u. harrisi_ (Audubon). * _Aquila chrysaëtos._ Golden Eagle. Formerly common resident throughout state. Now common in winter in west to rare in east. One positive nesting record: a pair nested for several years (prior to 1891) in southeastern Comanche County on a high gypsum ledge, Goss. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. c. canadensis_ (Linnaeus). _Haliaeetus leucocephalus._ Bald Eagle. Rare transient and winter resident in east; fairly common winter resident in west, where large numbers may gather to roost. Subspecies in Kansas: _H. l. alascanus_ Townsend. Previous students refer all Bald Eagles from the state to _H. l. leucocephalus_ (Linnaeus) but specimens in the K. U. collection, all taken in winter, are large (three females, wing, 645, 655, 680 mm.) and are clearly of the northern subspecies. _Circus cyaneus._ Marsh Hawk. Resident, common in winter, less common and local in summer. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. hudsonius_ (Linnaeus). _Pandion haliaetus._ Osprey. Occurs irregularly throughout state but less frequently in west. Most records in spring and autumn but a few at other seasons. No definite nesting record. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. h. carolinensis_ (Gmelin). _Falco rusticolus._ Gyrfalcon. Accidental. One specimen: Manhattan, Riley County, December 1, 1880, A. L. Runyan (specimen at Kansas State College). Subspecies in Kansas: _F. r. obsoletus_ Gmelin. _Falco mexicanus_ Schlegel. Prairie Falcon. Rare summer and fairly common winter resident in west; occasional transient and winter resident in east. No satisfactory breeding records. No subspecies recognized. * _Falco peregrinus._ Duck Hawk. Rare transient and winter resident, probably more common in west. Formerly nested but no nesting record since before 1900. Subspecies in Kansas: _F. p. anatum_ Bonaparte. _Falco columbarius._ Pigeon Hawk. Uncommon transient and rare winter resident in east; more common in migration in west but status there in winter not known. Subspecies in Kansas: _F. c. columbarius_ Linnaeus is most frequent in eastern part, west to Reno County; _F. c. richardsonii_ Ridgway is the common subspecies in west, occasional in east; _F. c. bendirei_ Swann is known in Kansas from one specimen (KU 4425) from Ellis County, October, 1875, taken by Dr. L. Watson (identified by James L. Peters). * _Falco sparverius._ Sparrow Hawk. Common resident and transient throughout state (but status in winter in northwest not known). Subspecies in Kansas: _F. s. sparverius_ Linnaeus. _Bonasa umbellus._ Ruffed Grouse. Formerly common resident in eastern part; now probably extirpated in state but observers in extreme east should watch for it. One authentic specimen (KU 31944), southeastern Kansas, between 1885 and 1910, Alexander J. C. Roese. No definite nesting record. Subspecies in Kansas: _B. u. umbellus_ (Linnaeus). * _Tympanuchus cupido._ Greater Prairie Chicken. Resident, but highly local; absent in southwestern quarter of state. Subspecies in Kansas: _T. c. pinnatus_ (Brewster). * _Tympanuchus pallidicinctus_ (Ridgway). Lesser Prairie Chicken. Resident, but local, in southwestern quarter of state, north to Hamilton and Finney counties and east to Pawnee and Barber counties. A few old records east to Anderson and Neosho counties in winter. No subspecies recognized. _Pedioecetes phasianellus._ Sharp-tailed Grouse. Formerly resident in western part of state; scattered old records from eastern localities. Now extirpated, or nearly so, in Kansas; observers in northwestern counties should watch for it. No definite nesting record. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. p. jamesi_ Lincoln. * _Colinus virginianus._ Bob-white. Resident, common in east, less common and local in west. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. v. virginianus_ (Linnaeus) in east, intergrading through central part with _C. v. taylori_ Lincoln in west. * _Callipepla squamata._ Scaled Quail. Locally common resident in southwest, formerly north to Wallace County but now primarily south of Arkansas River, eastern limit not known. Breeding records from Hamilton, Kearny, Finney, Stanton, Morton, Stevens, and Clark counties, Marvin D. Schwilling. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. s. pallida_ Brewster. * _Phasianus colchicus_ Linnaeus. Ring-necked Pheasant. Introduced. Common in western two-thirds, gradually invading east where a few are now found in most counties. Origin of North American stock obscure; no subspecies now recognized here. _Meleagris gallopavo._ Turkey. Formerly common resident, west along streams at least to Riley County; now extirpated in Kansas. No known specimen from Kansas with authentic data. No definite nesting record. Subspecies in Kansas: _M. g. silvestris_ Vieillot. _Grus americana_ (Linnaeus). Whooping Crane. Regular transient, now rare. Probably most individuals go through east-central part of state. Several early specimens from state and several recent sight records and one specimen: adult female (KU 31198), found crippled 8-1/2 miles south of Sharon, Barber County, October 31, 1952, Thane S. Robinson. No subspecies recognized. _Grus canadensis._ Sandhill Crane. Transient, rare in east, common to abundant in west. Subspecies in Kansas: _G. c. canadensis_ (Linnaeus) and _G. c. tabida_ (Peters); comparative status of the two subspecies not known. * _Rallus elegans._ King Rail. Transient and summer resident, locally common. Subspecies in Kansas: _R. e. elegans_ Audubon. _Rallus limicola._ Virginia Rail. Transient and summer resident, but breeding status poorly known. One breeding record: adult with six small, downy young, 8 miles south of Richfield, Morton County, May 24, 1950, Richard and Jean Graber. Subspecies in Kansas: _R. l. limicola_ Vieillot. * _Porzana carolina_ (Linnaeus). Sora. Common transient throughout state; status in summer poorly known. Two breeding records: Osawatomie, Miami County, prior to 1914 (no other details), record by Colvin, a careful observer; two nests, at least one with eggs, Finney County State Lake, August 21, 1951, Marvin D. Schwilling. Additional nesting records should be sought. No subspecies recognized. _Coturnicops noveboracensis._ Yellow Rail. Rare or generally overlooked transient. Records only from eastern part of state (west to Sedgwick County). Subspecies in Kansas: _C. m. noveboracensis_ (Gmelin). * _Laterallus jamaicensis._ Black Rail. Rare or generally overlooked summer resident. At least ten records, including at least seven specimens from widely scattered localities. Two breeding records: nest with eight eggs, Manhattan, Riley County, June, 1880, C. P. Blachly; nest with nine eggs, near Garden City, Finney County, June 6, 1889, H. W. Menke. Subspecies in Kansas: _L. j. jamaicensis_ (Gmelin). _Porphyrula martinica_ (Linnaeus). Purple Gallinule. Rare and irregular summer visitant. Five specimens taken in April and June in Douglas, Sedgwick, and Riley counties. Several sight records from eastern Kansas. No subspecies recognized. * _Gallinula chloropus._ Florida Gallinule. Rare summer resident; status poorly known. Two breeding records: nest found "on a board," Coffey County, June (year not given), P. B. Peabody; nest (female, KU 27509, and two eggs taken), 3 miles northeast of Lawrence, Douglas County, May 22, 1945 (previously published as 1946), R. L. Montell. Subspecies in Kansas: _G. c. cachinnans_ Bangs. * _Fulica americana._ American Coot. Uncommon summer resident, abundant transient, and local winter resident in east and central parts; status in west poorly known. Breeding record: 3 newly hatched young (KU 16694-6), Little Salt Marsh, Stafford County, June 13, 1927, H. C. Parker and W. H. Burt. The few other nesting localities include one in Finney County. Subspecies in Kansas: _F. a. americana_ Gmelin. _Charadrius hiaticula._ Semipalmated Plover. Regular transient throughout state, often fairly common. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. h. semipalmatus_ Bonaparte. _Charadrius melodus._ Piping Plover. Rare transient. Three specimens from Douglas County, March and April, and a female (KU 15492) from Little Salt Marsh, Stafford County, July 16, 1925, T. E. White. Nests in Nebraska, south at least to Lincoln; observers in north-central Kansas should watch for possible breeding birds. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. m. circumcinctus_ (Ridgway). * _Charadrius alexandrinus._ Snowy Plover. Summer resident on salt plains of Clark, Comanche, Stafford, Barton, and probably other counties. Breeding range in Kansas poorly known. One definite nesting record: adults with young, and one nest with 3 eggs, Comanche County, June 18, 1886, Goss. One female (KU 7787), from Lawrence, Douglas County, April 22, 1909, L. L. Dyche. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. a. tenuirostris_ (Lawrence). * _Charadrius vociferus._ Killdeer. Common transient and summer resident throughout state. Occasional winter resident. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. v. vociferus_ Linnaeus. * _Eupoda montana_ (Townsend). Mountain Plover. Summer resident in High Plains of western Kansas, but current status poorly known. Many specimens from west and one positive breeding record: two half-grown, partly downy males (KU 5512, 5513), 5 miles south of Tribune, Greeley County, June 21, 1911, Bunker and Rocklund. No subspecies recognized. _Pluvialis dominica._ Golden Plover. Regular transient in east, sometimes common; more common in spring than in autumn. Formerly abundant; status in west not known. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. d. dominica_ (Müller). _Squatarola squatarola_ (Linnaeus). Black-bellied Plover. Regular transient throughout state. No subspecies recognized. _Arenaria interpres._ Ruddy Turnstone. Rare transient. Several sight records from eastern part of state and two specimens: one killed at Topeka, Shawnee County, August 16, 1898, F. W. Forbes (location of specimen unknown); male, Hamilton, Greenwood County, October 1, 1911, G. C. Rinker. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. i. morinella_ (Linnaeus). * _Philohela minor_ (Gmelin). American Woodcock. Uncommon transient west to Scott and Kearny counties. Probably does not occur farther west. One early nesting record: adult with several "at least one-fourth grown" young, near Neosho Falls, Woodson County, May 25, 1874, Goss. No subspecies recognized. _Capella gallinago._ Wilson Snipe. Common transient and occasional winter resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. g. delicata_ (Ord). * _Numenius americanus._ Long-billed Curlew. Transient and uncommon summer resident in west; occasional transient in east. Female and two downy young (KU 11607, 8, 9) taken 1 mile from Spring Creek, Morton County, June 27, 1927, W. H. Burt and L. V. Compton. Subspecies in Kansas: _N. a. americanus_ Bechstein is the breeding form; _N. a. parvus_ Bishop occurs in migration (specimens from Riley, Lyon, and Douglas counties). [_Numenius phaeopus._ Hudsonian Curlew. Reported by Goss, and one seen at Iatan Marsh, Atchison County, May 16, 1948, by Harold C. Hedges, but here placed in Hypothetical List until a specimen from Kansas is taken.] _Numenius borealis_ (Forster). Eskimo Curlew. Formerly abundant transient in eastern Kansas; now extinct, or nearly so. One unsexed bird (KU 6951) taken in Douglas County, May 6, 1873, by N. J. Stevens. No subspecies recognized. * _Bartramia longicauda_ (Bechstein). Upland Plover. Abundant transient and locally common summer resident in suitable habitat; most numerous in west. Nesting records from Johnson, Wabaunsee, Chase, Finney, and Kearny counties. No subspecies recognized. * _Actitis macularia_ (Linnaeus). Spotted Sandpiper. Common transient and summer resident throughout state. Breeding records from Leavenworth County and Kansas City region. No subspecies recognized. _Tringa solitaria._ Solitary Sandpiper. Common transient throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _T. s. solitaria_ Wilson is most common in eastern part and _T. s. cinnamomea_ (Brewster) is most common in western part of Kansas, with much overlap of the two. _Catoptrophorus semipalmatus._ Willet. Transient throughout state, usually uncommon, but sometimes locally common. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. s. inornatus_ (Brewster). _C. s. semipalmatus_ (Gmelin) has been reported, probably erroneously; all specimens seen are of the western subspecies, _inornatus_. _Totanus melanoleucus_ (Gmelin). Greater Yellow-legs. Common transient throughout state. No subspecies recognized. _Totanus flavipes_ (Gmelin). Lesser Yellow-legs. Common transient throughout state. No subspecies recognized. _Calidris canutus._ American Knot. Rare transient. Sight records from eastern and western Kansas; only one specimen preserved, Hamilton, Greenwood County, September 19, 1911, G. C. Rinker. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. rufa_ (Wilson). _Erolia melanotos_ (Vieillot). Pectoral Sandpiper. Common transient through state. No subspecies recognized. _Erolia fuscicollis_ (Vieillot). White-rumped Sandpiper. Common transient throughout state. No subspecies recognized. _Erolia bairdii_ (Coues). Baird Sandpiper. Common transient in east; abundant transient in west. No subspecies recognized. _Erolia minutilla_ (Vieillot). Least Sandpiper. Common transient throughout state, but less numerous in west than in east. No subspecies recognized. _Erolia alpina._ Red-backed Sandpiper. Rare or uncommon transient; reported only from eastern half of state, west to Cloud County. Few specimens have been preserved. Subspecies in Kansas: _E. a. pacifica_ (Coues). _Limnodromus griseus._ Short-billed Dowitcher. Rare or uncommon transient in east, status in west not known. One specimen: male (KU 29403), 3 miles east of Lawrence, Douglas County, May 14, 1946, R. L. Montell. Dowitchers having noticeably short bills should be collected when possible. Subspecies in Kansas: _L. g. hendersoni_ Rowan. _Limnodromus scolopaceus_ (Say). Long-billed Dowitcher. Common transient throughout state. No subspecies recognized. _Micropalama himantopus_ (Bonaparte). Stilt Sandpiper. Common transient throughout state. No subspecies recognized. _Ereunetes pusillus_ (Linnaeus). Semipalmated Sandpiper. Common transient throughout state. No subspecies recognized. _Ereunetes mauri_ Cabanis. Western Sandpiper. Uncommon transient in east; probably common in west but status there unknown. No subspecies recognized. _Tryngites subruficollis_ (Vieillot). Buff-breasted Sandpiper. Uncommon but regular transient in autumn in eastern Kansas, west to Republic County; few spring records. No subspecies recognized. _Limosa fedoa_ (Linnaeus). Marbled Godwit. Rare or uncommon transient throughout state. Status somewhat uncertain because some observers confuse this species with female Hudsonian Godwits. The latter are larger and often much duller than male Hudsonian Godwits. Marbled Godwits, however, show no contrasting tail pattern in flight. No subspecies recognized. _Limosa haemastica_ (Linnaeus). Hudsonian Godwit. Uncommon transient in eastern and central Kansas; status in west poorly known (reported from Ness and Kearny counties). No subspecies recognized. _Crocethia alba_ (Pallas). Sanderling. Rare transient in eastern and central Kansas; status in west not known. Three specimens have been taken, two from Douglas County (October) and one from Stafford County (July). No subspecies recognized. * _Recurvirostra americana_ Gmelin. Avocet. Uncommon transient in east; common transient and uncommon summer resident in west. Breeding records from Kearny, Finney, Haskell, Meade, and Barton counties. No subspecies recognized. _Himantopus mexicanus_ (Müller). Black-necked Stilt. Rare transient. Records from Crawford, Sedgwick, Cloud, Stafford, Finney, and Kearny counties; few recent records. No satisfactory nesting record. No subspecies recognized. _Phalaropus fulicarius_ (Linnaeus). Red Phalarope. Very rare transient. Two specimens: female (KU 3778), Lake View, Douglas County, November 5, 1905, E. E. Brown; male (Ottawa Univ. 96), near Ottawa, Franklin County, October 25, 1926, Wesley Clanton (identification checked by Tordoff). No subspecies recognized. * _Steganopus tricolor_ Vieillot. Wilson Phalarope. Common transient throughout state. One definite nesting record: adult male with downy young, Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, June 26, 1954, Ted F. Andrews and Homer Stephens. Goss mentioned "breeding birds" in Meade County but the record is not convincing. No subspecies recognized. _Lobipes lobatus_ (Linnaeus). Northern Phalarope. Rare transient. Goss shot five and preserved one (now in Goss collection) of 17 or 18 seen at Fort Wallace, Wallace County, May 25, 1883. Several sight records. No subspecies recognized. _Stercorarius pomarinus_ (Temminck). Pomarine Jaeger. Accidental. One record: immature male (KU 6967), Kansas River near Lawrence, Douglas County, October 10, 1898, Gus Berger and Banks Brown. This specimen erroneously reported as a Parasitic Jaeger, _Stercorarius parasiticus_ (Linnaeus), in previous lists of birds of Kansas. No subspecies recognized. _Stercorarius longicaudus_ Vieillot. Long-tailed Jaeger. Accidental. One record: female (KU 32610), Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, June 23, 1955, William M. Lynn and Larry D. Mosby. No subspecies recognized. [_Larus hyperboreus._ Glaucous Gull. One bird with crippled leg seen at Lake Shawnee, Shawnee County, January 27, 1951, and several days thereafter, by many observers including the author. Placed on Hypothetical List until specimen is taken in Kansas.] _Larus argentatus._ Herring Gull. Transient, regular along Missouri River, uncommon to rare elsewhere in state; probably rare winter resident. Subspecies in Kansas: _L. a. smithsonianus_ Coues. _Larus californicus_ Lawrence. California Gull. Accidental. One record: specimen (location unknown) taken by Goss, Arkansas River, Reno County, October 20, 1880. No subspecies recognized. _Larus delawarensis_ Ord. Ring-billed Gull. Transient, locally common; rare winter resident. No subspecies recognized. _Larus atricilla_ Linnaeus. Laughing Gull. Accidental. One specimen taken 3 miles east and 2-1/2 miles south of Canton, in Marion County, May 15, 1933, Richard H. Schmidt (specimen in his collection); sight records from Barton and Shawnee counties. No subspecies recognized. _Larus pipixcan_ Wagler. Franklin Gull. Transient, abundant in west, common in east. No subspecies recognized. _Larus philadelphia_ (Ord). Bonaparte Gull. Rare transient. All specimens from eastern part, west to Cloud County; status in west not known. No subspecies recognized. [_Rissa tridactyla._ Kittiwake. Immature bird seen at Lake Shawnee, Shawnee County, October 20, 1951, by L. B. Carson and O. S. Pettingill, Jr. In the absence of a specimen, the species is placed on the Hypothical List.] _Xema sabini._ Sabine Gull. Three records: immature male, taken at Humboldt, Allen County, September 19, 1876, Peter Long (now in Goss collection); immature male, taken at Hamilton, Greenwood County, October 3, 1909, G. C. Rinker; immature bird seen but not collected on October 18, 28, and 29, 1952, at Lake Shawnee, Shawnee County, by several observers (Orville O. Rice secured good photographs of this bird). Subspecies in Kansas: _X. s. sabini_ (Sabine). _Sterna forsteri_ Nuttall. Forster Tern. Transient, locally common in eastern half of state; status in west unknown. No subspecies recognized. _Sterna hirundo._ Common Tern. Rare transient. Two specimens: female, Anderson County, May 11, 1878 (in Goss collection); male, Munger's Lake, near Hamilton, Greenwood County, September 2, 1912, G. C. Rinker. Subspecies in Kansas: _S. h. hirundo_ Linnaeus. * _Sterna albifrons._ Least Tern. Uncommon transient and local summer resident throughout state. One definite nesting record: five nests, each with two eggs, Arkansas River at Coolidge, Hamilton County, July 1, 1936, Otto Tiemeier. Subspecies in Kansas: _S. a. athalassos_ Burleigh and Lowery. _Hydroprogne caspia_ (Pallas). Caspian Tern. Uncommon transient throughout state. Many sight records but only one specimen: female (KU 17147), Douglas County, September 27, 1928, Harold Standing (skin and body skeleton of this tern saved; erroneously reported previously as two specimens). No subspecies recognized. _Chlidonias niger._ Black Tern. Common transient and, in north-central part, regular summer resident but no positive breeding record. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. n. surinamensis_ (Gmelin). * _Columba livia_ Gmelin. Rock Dove. Introduced. Common around habitations; nesting locally in feral state on cliffs in western Kansas. No subspecies recognized because of mixed ancestry of birds introduced into New World. * _Zenaidura macroura._ Mourning Dove. Common transient and summer resident, uncommon winter resident. Subspecies in Kansas: _Z. m. carolinensis_ (Linnaeus) in east, _Z. m. marginella_ (Woodhouse) in west, intergrading in central part. * _Ectopistes migratorius_ (Linnaeus). Passenger Pigeon. Extinct. Formerly irregular transient and summer resident. Two specimens, both males, taken at Neosho Falls, Woodson County, April 14, 1876, by Goss, who also reported this species to nest there occasionally. No subspecies recognized. [_Columbigallina passerina._ Ground Dove. One seen on Kansas River, 3 miles west of St. Marys, Pottawatomie County, November 11, 1954, by Thomas A. Hoffman and James Mulligan. Placed in Hypothetical List in absence of a specimen from Kansas.] [_Scardafella inca_ (Lesson). Inca Dove. One seen daily at Halstead, Harvey County, November 10, 1951, to January 21, 1952, by Edna L. Ruth and others. One seen in Topeka, Shawnee County, last week of June, 1952, E. J. Rice. Placed in Hypothetical List in absence of a specimen from Kansas.] * _Conuropsis carolinensis._ Carolina Paroquet. Extinct. Formerly common resident in wooded areas of east; west along stream bottoms. Goss reported nesting of small flock near Neosho Falls, Woodson County, in spring, 1858. No specimen from Kansas preserved. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. ludovicianus_ (Gmelin), on geographical grounds. * _Coccyzus americanus._ Yellow-billed Cuckoo. Common transient and summer resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. a. americanus_ (Linnaeus). * _Coccyzus erythropthalmus_ (Wilson). Black-billed Cuckoo. Uncommon transient and summer resident. Nesting records: female (KU 15480) and nest containing two Black-billed Cuckoo eggs and one Yellow-billed Cuckoo egg, 7-1/2 miles southwest of Lawrence, Douglas County, June 5, 1926, Charles D. Bunker; nests found in Cloud County in June, 1932 (1), 1933 (1), 1934 (1), 1935 (1), 1938 (2), J. M. Porter. No subspecies recognized. * _Geococcyx californianus_ (Lesson). Road-runner. Resident in south-central and southwestern Kansas; abundance and distribution subject to wide fluctuation, current status unknown. Four nests found, April to July, 1934, 4-1/2 miles east of Arkansas City, Cowley County, Walter Colvin. No subspecies recognized. _Crotophaga sulcirostris._ Groove-billed Ani. Accidental. Three records: specimen (KU 31948), McCune, Crawford County, between 1885 and 1910, Alexander J. C. Roese; specimen, Lyon County, November 1, 1904; male (KU 31951), 6-3/4 miles northeast of Blue Rapids, Marshall County, October 28, 1952, Elizabeth G. McCleod. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. s. sulcirostris_ Swainson. * _Tyto alba._ Barn owl. Uncommon resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _T. a. pratincola_ (Bonaparte). * _Otus asio._ Screech Owl. Common resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: Following reported: _O. a. naevius_ (Gmelin) in northeast, _O. a. hasbroucki_ Ridgway in south-central, _O. a. aikeni_ (Brewster) and _O. a. swenki_ Oberholser in west. The status of these subspecies is poorly known; additional breeding specimens and revisionary study are needed. * _Bubo virginianus._ Horned Owl. Common resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _B. v. virginianus_ (Gmelin) in east, _B. v. occidentalis_ Stone in west. _Nyctea scandiaca_ (Linnaeus). Snowy Owl. Rare and irregular winter visitant throughout state. No subspecies recognized. [_Surnia ulula._ Hawk Owl. None of the several sight records from Kansas is convincing to me. Reports from eastern Kansas indicating regular occurrence there of this far-northern species are surely erroneous and probably pertain to Short-eared Owls.] * _Speotyto cunicularia._ Burrowing Owl. Common summer resident in west; irregular transient in east. Numbers seem to be decreasing. Subspecies in Kansas: _S. c. hypugea_ (Bonaparte). * _Strix varia._ Barred Owl. Resident in east, locally fairly common. Status in west not known. Subspecies in Kansas: _S. v. georgica_ Latham in southeast; _S. v. varia_ Barton elsewhere in state. * _Asio otus._ Long-eared Owl. Uncommon summer resident, locally common transient and winter resident throughout state. Nesting records from Ottawa, Douglas, Doniphan, and Meade counties. Status in summer poorly known. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. o. wilsonianus_ (Lesson). * _Asio flammeus._ Short-eared Owl. Resident, probably throughout state, in suitable habitat. More common in winter. Nesting records from Woodson, Republic, and Marshall counties. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. f. flammeus_ (Pontoppidan). * _Aegolius acadicus._ Saw-whet Owl. Rare winter resident throughout state. One nesting record: a pair found in Kansas City, Wyandotte County, in winter, 1950, remained at least to September, 1951, and were seen with young birds in summer, 1951, John Bishop. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. a. acadicus_ (Gmelin). * _Caprimulgus carolinensis_ Gmelin. Chuck-will's-widow. Locally common summer resident in eastern Kansas, western limit of distribution poorly known. No subspecies recognized. * _Caprimulgus vociferus._ Whip-poor-will. Locally common summer resident in eastern Kansas; two specimens reported from Finney County, but status in west poorly known. Two nests reported, at Geary, Doniphan County, June 16 and June 14 to July 3, 1923, by Linsdale. In recent years, Chuck-will's-widows seem to have increased at the expense of Whip-poor-wills in Kansas. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. v. vociferus_ Wilson. * _Phalaenoptilus nuttallii._ Poor-will. Summer resident, common in west, rare and local in east. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. n. nuttallii_ (Audubon). * _Chordeiles minor._ Nighthawk. Common transient and summer resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: Nesting; _C. m. minor_ (Forster) in northeast, _C. m. chapmani_ Coues in southeast, and _C. m. howelli_ Oberholser in west, intergrading with one another through fairly broad zones. Migration; _C. m. sennetti_ Coues throughout state. * _Chaetura pelagica_ (Linnaeus). Chimney Swift. Common transient and summer resident in east; status in west poorly known. Schwilling reports this species only in migration in Finney and neighboring counties. No subspecies recognized. * _Archilochus colubris_ (Linnaeus). Ruby-throated Hummingbird. Common transient and summer resident in east; much less common in west, status there poorly known. No subspecies recognized. _Stellula calliope_ (Gould). Calliope Hummingbird. One record: immature female, 8 miles south of Richfield and 6 miles east of Kansas Highway 27, Morton County, September 3, 1952, Jean W. Graber. No subspecies recognized. * _Megaceryle alcyon._ Belted Kingfisher. Common summer resident and uncommon winter resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _M. a. alcyon_ (Linnaeus). * _Colaptes auratus._ Yellow-shafted Flicker. Common resident throughout state, but partly replaced in west by Red-shafted Flicker and hybrids between the two species. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. a. auratus_ (Linnaeus) in southeast, _C. a. luteus_ Bangs in remainder of state. _C. a. borealis_ Ridgway has been reported in winter in east. * _Colaptes cafer._ Red-shafted Flicker. Common resident in west, hybridizing with, and replaced by, Yellow-shafted Flicker eastward. Uncommon winter resident in east. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. collaris_ Vigors. * _Dryocopus pileatus._ Pileated Woodpecker. Formerly common resident in eastern Kansas, now much reduced in numbers and distribution. Recent sight records from Leavenworth, Wyandotte, Douglas, Miami, Linn, and Neosho counties may indicate that this species is increasing in its former range. Definite nesting records only from Linn County where Frank Wood and Ivan Sutton found a nest with 4 eggs and a nest with two young and one egg, along Marais des Cygnes River, near Pleasanton, some years ago. Eunice and Wilson Dingus have noted this species at Mound City, Linn County, regularly for several years. Subspecies in Kansas: _D. p. abieticola_ (Bangs) in northeast, _D. p. pileatus_ (Linnaeus) in southeast. * _Centurus carolinus._ Red-bellied Woodpecker. Common resident in eastern part, breeding west at least to Comanche County; additional records in west from Morton, Finney, and Kearny counties. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. zebra_ (Boddaert). * _Melanerpes erythrocephalus._ Red-headed Woodpecker. Common transient and summer resident throughout state. Occasional winter resident west to Cloud County; not found in winter in southwest by Schwilling. Subspecies in Kansas: _M. e. erythrocephalus_ (Linnaeus), intergrading in west with _M. e. caurinus_ Brodkorb. _Asyndesmus lewis_ (Gray). Lewis Woodpecker. Possibly rare resident in southwest but status uncertain. Several specimens and sight records from western third of state; one specimen, female (KU 7890), from Lawrence, Douglas County, November 7, 1908, Bunker and Wetmore. No subspecies recognized. _Sphyrapicus varius._ Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Uncommon transient and winter resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _S. v. varius_ (Linnaeus) in eastern Kansas, _S. v. nuchalis_ Baird in western part (three specimens, Wallace and Morton counties). [_Sphyrapicus thyroideus._ Williamson Sapsucker. An adult male seen at Concordia, Cloud County, April 4, 1935, by Dr. J. M. Porter. Placed in Hypothetical List in absence of a specimen.] * _Dendrocopos villosus._ Hairy Woodpecker. Common resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _D. v. villosus_ (Linnaeus). * _Dendrocopos pubescens._ Downy Woodpecker. Common resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _D. p. pubescens_ (Linnaeus) in southeast (Labette and Montgomery counties), _D. p. medianus_ (Swainson) in rest of state, with fairly broad zone of intergradation between the two subspecies. _Dendrocopos scalaris._ Ladder-backed Woodpecker. Common resident in extreme southwestern Kansas (Morton County). Six specimens. No nest found yet in Kansas. Subspecies in Kansas: _D. s. symplectus_ (Oberholser). * _Tyrannus tyrannus_ (Linnaeus). Eastern Kingbird. Common transient and summer resident throughout state; most numerous in east. No subspecies recognized. * _Tyrannus verticalis_ Say. Western Kingbird. Common transient and summer resident east to Flint Hills; uncommon transient and summer resident in east (occurs regularly at Lawrence but rarely at Kansas City). No subspecies recognized. _Tyrannus vociferans._ Cassin Kingbird. Transient and summer resident in extreme western part, east to Finney County. One specimen: male, Kansas Highway 27 at Cimarron River [7-1/2 miles north of Elkhart], Morton County, May 26, 1950, Richard and Jean Graber. No nesting record. Status poorly known. Subspecies in Kansas: _T. v. vociferans_ Swainson. * _Muscivora forficata_ (Gmelin). Scissor-tailed Flycatcher. Common summer resident in southern and central Kansas; nesting west to Morton County, north to Cloud County, east to Neosho County. Sporadic records elsewhere in state. No subspecies recognized. * _Myiarchus crinitus._ Crested Flycatcher. Common transient and summer resident throughout state, but perhaps less numerous in west. Subspecies in Kansas: _M. c. boreus_ Bangs. _Myiarchus cinerascens._ Ash-throated Flycatcher. Known only from Morton County; several seen in May, 1950, and a female with somewhat enlarged ovary taken, 8 miles south of Richfield, May 7, 1950, Richard and Jean Graber. No nesting record. Subspecies in Kansas: _M. c. cinerascens_ (Lawrence). * _Sayornis phoebe_ (Latham). Eastern Phoebe. Common transient and summer resident in east; occurs, but must less common, in west. No subspecies recognized. * _Sayornis saya._ Say Phoebe. Common transient and summer resident in west. Nesting records from Rawlins, Jewell, Logan, and Ness counties. In migration, reported east to Republic and Lyon counties. Subspecies in Kansas: _S. s. saya_ (Bonaparte) is the breeding bird; _S. s. yukonensis_ Bishop probably occurs in migration. _Empidonax flaviventris_ (Baird and Baird). Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. Uncommon transient in east. Specimens from Johnson, Douglas, and Shawnee counties. No subspecies recognized. * _Empidonax virescens_ (Vieillot). Acadian Flycatcher. Summer resident in eastern Kansas. Specimens from Doniphan, Leavenworth, Douglas, Woodson, Montgomery, and Labette counties. Nesting records from Doniphan County (Jean M. Linsdale), Linn County (Wilson J. and Eunice Dingus), and Douglas County (R. F. Miller). No subspecies recognized. _Empidonax traillii._ Alder Flycatcher. Transient throughout state; no satisfactory nesting records or specimens taken in breeding season. Subspecies in Kansas: _E. t. brewsteri_ Oberholser transient, probably more common in west, and _E. t. traillii_ (Audubon) transient and perhaps breeding in east. _Empidonax minimus_ (Baird and Baird). Least Flycatcher. Common transient throughout state; no satisfactory evidence of nesting. No subspecies recognized. _Empidonax oberholseri_ Phillips. Wright Flycatcher. Known only from three specimens, May 8 (male and female) and May 12 (male), 1950, eight miles south of Richfield, Morton County, Richard and Jean Graber. No subspecies recognized. _Empidonax difficilis._ Western Flycatcher. Known only from two specimens taken eight miles south of Richfield, Morton County; September 3, 1952, immature female, Jean Graber; September 5, 1952, immature male (KU 31203), Richard Graber. Subspecies in Kansas: _E. d. hellmayri_ Brodkorb (female specimen); intermediate between _E. d. hellmayri_ and _E. d. difficilis_ Baird (male specimen). * _Contopus virens_ (Linnaeus). Eastern Wood Pewee. Common transient and summer resident in east, rare transient in west. Breeding distribution in state poorly known. No subspecies recognized. _Contopus richardsonii._ Western Wood Pewee. Common transient and probably summer resident in west; rare transient in east (specimen from Greenwood County and one seen in Cloud County). No nesting record. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. r. richardsonii_ (Swainson). _Nuttallornis borealis_ (Swainson). Olive-sided Flycatcher. Uncommon transient throughout state. No subspecies recognized. * _Eremophila alpestris._ Horned Lark. Common transient and resident throughout state. Numbers augmented by northern birds in winter. Subspecies in Kansas: _E. a. praticola_ (Henshaw) resident in east; _E. a. enthymia_ (Oberholser) resident west of Flint Hills; _E. a. hoyti_ (Bishop), _E. a. alpestris_ (Linnaeus), and _E. a. leucolaema_ (Coues) in winter. [_Tachycineta thalassina._ Violet-green Swallow. Five birds seen at Lake Shawnee, Shawnee County, April 14, 1947, by L. B. Carson. Placed in Hypothetical List in absence of a specimen.] * _Iridoprocne bicolor_ (Vieillot). Tree Swallow. Summer resident in extreme northeastern Kansas; common transient throughout eastern half of state, status in west not known. Nesting records only from Doniphan County, along Missouri River, four nests located by Linsdale, in 1922, 1923, and 1924, and Leavenworth County, nests found by Brumwell along Missouri River. No subspecies recognized. * _Riparia riparia._ Bank Swallow. Common transient and summer resident, probably throughout state but status in northwest not known. Subspecies in Kansas: _R. r. riparia_ (Linnaeus). * _Stelgidopteryx ruficollis._ Rough-winged Swallow. Common transient and summer resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _S. r. serripennis_ (Audubon). * _Hirundo rustica._ Barn Swallow. Common transient and summer resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _H. r. erythrogaster_ Boddaert. * _Petrochelidon pyrrhonota._ Cliff Swallow. Common transient and locally common summer resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. p. pyrrhonota_ (Vieillot). _Progne subis._ Purple Martin. Common transient and summer resident in east to uncommon or rare in west. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. s. subis_ (Linnaeus). * _Cyanocitta cristata._ Blue Jay. Common transient and resident throughout state; less common in northern and western sections in winter. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. bromia_ Oberholser in east, _C. c. cyanotephra_ Sutton in west, intergrading through central Kansas. [_Cyanocitta stelleri._ Steller Jay. Several sight records from southwestern Kansas. Placed in Hypothetical List in absence of a specimen.] _Aphelocoma coerulescens._ Scrub Jay. Irregular winter resident in southwestern Kansas. Five specimens (KU 20812-5, 21213), 12 miles northeast of Elkhart, Morton County, November 8, 10, 14, 1934, W. S. Long and Fred Hastie. Two seen in Finney County, January 15, 1955, by Marvin D. Schwilling. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. c. woodhouseii_ (Baird). _Aphelocoma ultramarina._ Arizona Jay. Accidental. One specimen: "probably female," near Mt. Jesus, Clark County, March, 1906, B. Ashton Keith. Identification confirmed by L. L. Dyche; present location of specimen unknown. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. u. arizonae_ (Ridgway). * _Pica pica._ American Magpie. Common resident in west; occasional in east in winter. Eastward extent of breeding range poorly known; nests from Ottawa (1951), Republic (1951 and 1953), and Cloud (1954) counties. Extending breeding range eastward (J. M. Porter). Subspecies in Kansas: _P. p. hudsonia_ (Sabine). _Corvus corax._ American Raven. Formerly occurred on High Plains, precise status not known. No records since disappearance of bison herds. One specimen: Jewell County, date unknown, Edward Kern (specimen now at Kansas State College, Manhattan). Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. sinuatus_ Wagler. * _Corvus cryptoleucus_ Couch. White-necked Raven. Common summer resident in western two tiers of counties; occasional resident east to Ford County. Locally common winter resident (Finney, Scott, and Sherman counties). One shot at Larned, Pawnee County, about October 25, 1937, by Frank Robl. No subspecies recognized. * _Corvus brachyrhynchos._ Crow. Common resident in east, less common in west. Abundant transient and winter resident in central Kansas. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. b. brachyrhynchos_ Brehm. _Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus_ Wied. Piñon Jay. Irregular winter visitant, more frequent in west than in east. Reported from Douglas (twice), Sedgwick, Mitchell, Clark, Finney, and Kearny counties. No subspecies recognized. _Nucifraga columbiana_ (Wilson). Clark Nutcracker. Irregular winter visitant, more frequent in west than in east. Reported from Marshall (twice), Ellis, Lyon, Finney, and Seward counties. No subspecies recognized. * _Parus atricapillus._ Black-capped Chickadee. Common resident in entire state except for southern tier of counties, where either rare or absent in summer and locally common in winter. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. a. atricapillus_ Linnaeus in east, where most specimens are more or less intermediate toward _P. a. septentrionalis_ Harris, the resident subspecies in the west. * _Parus carolinensis._ Carolina Chickadee. Common resident in southern tier of counties; taken also in Greenwood County. Reported occurrence in Douglas County is erroneous. Proof of breeding rests on partly grown juveniles taken in Barber County, and on two nests found in Montgomery County by L. B. Carson. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. c. atricapilloides_ Lunk. * _Parus bicolor_ Linnaeus. Tufted Titmouse. Common resident in eastern Kansas, west at least to Barber, Harvey, and Cloud counties. Western limit of breeding range poorly known. No subspecies recognized. * _Sitta carolinensis._ White-breasted Nuthatch. Uncommon and local resident and winter visitant throughout state. Three positive nesting records, all from Douglas County, by C. D. Bunker, R. F. Miller, and Katherine Kelley. Subspecies in Kansas: _S. c. carolinensis_ Latham resident in Labette and Montgomery counties; _S. c. nelsoni_ Mearns occurs in at least Morton County, status uncertain; _S. c. cookei_ Oberholser resident and winter visitant in rest of state. _Sitta canadensis_ Linnaeus. Red-breasted Nuthatch. Uncommon transient and winter resident throughout state. No subspecies recognized. _Certhia familiaris._ Brown Creeper. Fairly common transient and winter resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. f. americana_ Bonaparte. * _Troglodytes aëdon._ House Wren. Transient and summer resident, common in east to uncommon in west. Subspecies in Kansas: _T. a. parkmanii_ Audubon. _Troglodytes troglodytes._ Winter Wren. Rare or uncommon transient and winter resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _T. t. hiemalis_ Vieillot. _Thryomanes bewickii._ Bewick Wren. Resident, common in south, rare in north; status poorly known. Nesting records from Shawnee, Johnson, and Montgomery counties. Subspecies in Kansas: _T. b. bewickii_ (Audubon) in northern and northeastern part, _T. b. cryptus_ Oberholser in rest of state. (_T. b. niceae_ Sutton, a questionably valid subspecies, has been reported from Meade and Morton counties.) * _Thryothorus ludovicianus._ Carolina Wren. Resident, common in south, less common to north and west. One record from Hamilton County; status in northwest unknown. Subspecies in Kansas: _T. l. ludovicianus_ (Latham). * _Telmatodytes palustris._ Long-billed Marsh Wren. Uncommon transient throughout state; known as a breeding bird only from Doniphan County, where Linsdale found several nests and collected a juvenile (KU 12869) with half-grown tail, August 31, 1922. Subspecies in Kansas: _T. p. dissaëptus_ (Bangs). * _Cistothorus platensis._ Short-billed Marsh Wren. Uncommon transient and irregular summer resident in east, no records from west. One breeding record: male (KU 29665), female (KU 29666), and their nest with four eggs, eight miles west of Lawrence, Douglas County, August 30, 1950, H. B. Tordoff and G. P. Young. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. p. stellaris_ (Naumann). * _Salpinctes obsoletus._ Rock Wren. Common transient and summer resident in west, rare transient in east; eastern limit of breeding range not known. Nests found in Hamilton, Scott, and Logan counties. Subspecies in Kansas: _S. o. obsoletus_ (Say). * _Mimus polyglottos._ Mockingbird. Resident throughout state, less common in north, especially in winter. Subspecies in Kansas: _M. p. polyglottos_ (Linnaeus) in east, _M. p. leucopterus_ (Vigors) in west (most specimens from Kansas are intermediate between the two subspecies). * _Dumetella carolinensis_ (Linnaeus). Catbird. Common transient and summer resident throughout state. No subspecies recognized. * _Toxostoma rufum._ Brown Thrasher. Common transient and summer resident throughout state; occasional winter resident at least in east. Subspecies in Kansas: _T. r. rufum_ (Linnaeus) in east, _T. r. longicauda_ Baird in west. _Oreoscoptes montanus_ (Townsend). Sage Thrasher. Rare transient in west. Two unsexed specimens (KU 31941, 31942), 1 mile south of Holcomb, Finney County, September 20 and October 2, 1954, Marvin D. Schwilling. A third individual seen in Morton County, September 27, 1954, and a fourth in Kearny County, March 23, 1955, by Schwilling. No subspecies recognized. * _Turdus migratorius._ Robin. Common transient and summer resident; locally common winter resident. Subspecies in Kansas: _T. m. migratorius_ Linnaeus breeds in most of state but birds in southeast are intermediate toward _T. m. achrusterus_ (Batchelder); _T. m. propinquus_ Ridgway occurs in west, at least in migration, and irregularly in other parts of state in winter. _Ixoreus naevius._ Varied Thrush. Accidental. One record: specimen (present location unknown) taken at Garden City, Finney County, October 17, 1891, H. W. Menke. Subspecies in Kansas: Probably _I. n. meruloides_ (Swainson), on geographical grounds. * _Hylocichla mustelina_ (Gmelin). Wood Thrush. Common transient and summer resident in east, absent in west, western limit of breeding in Kansas not known (nests, but uncommonly, in Cloud County). No subspecies recognized. _Hylocichla guttata._ Hermit Thrush. Transient throughout state, usually uncommon. Rare in winter in east. Subspecies in Kansas: _H. g. faxoni_ Bangs and Penard in east, _H. g. sequoiensis_ (Belding) in west. _Hylocichla ustulata._ Olive-backed Thrush. Common transient throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _H. u. swainsoni_ (Tschudi). _Hylocichla minima._ Gray-cheeked Thrush. Fairly common transient in east; probably does not occur in west but western limit in migration in Kansas unknown (rare in Cloud County, three records by J. M. Porter). Subspecies in Kansas: _H. m. minima_ (Lafresnaye). _Hylocichla fuscescens._ Veery. Transient, rare in east, fairly common in west. Subspecies in Kansas: _H. f. salicicola_ Ridgway. * _Sialia sialis._ Eastern Bluebird. Common resident and transient throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _S. s. sialis_ (Linnaeus). [_Sialia mexicana._ Chestnut-backed Bluebird. Said to be winter resident at Coolidge, Hamilton County, by Shanstrum. Reliably reported from southeastern Colorado. Placed in Hypothetical List in absence of a specimen from Kansas.] _Sialia currucoides_ (Bechstein). Mountain Bluebird. Common winter resident in west; occurs regularly east to Cloud and Barber counties and irregularly farther east (to Douglas and Anderson counties). Bunker and Rocklund took a full-grown juvenal female (KU 5900) on June 20, 1911, near the Colorado line northwest of Coolidge, Hamilton County. No subspecies recognized. _Myadestes townsendi._ Townsend Solitaire. Winter resident in small numbers in west; irregular in winter in east. Subspecies in Kansas: _M. t. townsendi_ (Audubon). * _Polioptila caerulea._ Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. Common transient and summer resident in east, probably transient only in west but status there poorly known. Nesting records from Doniphan, Douglas, and Barber counties. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. c. caerulea_ (Linnaeus). _Regulus satrapa._ Golden-crowned Kinglet. Common transient throughout state; uncommon winter resident. Subspecies in Kansas: _R. s. satrapa_ Lichtenstein. _Regulus calendula._ Ruby-crowned Kinglet. Common transient throughout state; rare winter resident. Subspecies in Kansas: _R. c. calendula_ (Linnaeus). _Anthus spinoletta._ Water Pipit. Common transient throughout state, more numerous in west. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. s. rubescens_ (Tunstall). _Anthus spragueii_ (Audubon). Sprague Pipit. Transient throughout state, perhaps more common in central or western parts; status poorly known. Specimens known from Trego, Cloud, Greenwood, Woodson, and Anderson counties. No subspecies recognized. _Bombycilla garrulus._ Bohemian Waxwing. Rare winter visitant throughout state. Few specimens on record, from Riley, Shawnee, Jefferson, Greenwood, and Sedgwick counties. Subspecies in Kansas: _B. g. pallidiceps_ Reichenow. * _Bombycilla cedrorum_ Vieillot. Cedar Waxwing. Common transient and irregular winter resident throughout state; rare summer resident in northeast. Breeding records: four nests found at Lake Quivira, Wyandotte County, July 22, 1947 (nestling collected, KU 32374), July 3, 1949 (young in nest), July 4, 1950, July 10, 1952 (young in nest), Harold C. Hedges; nest found in Topeka, Shawnee County, June 16, 1953, Cliff Olander and T. W. Nelson. No subspecies recognized. _Lanius excubitor._ Northern Shrike. Winter resident, rare in east, uncommon in west. Subspecies in Kansas: _L. e. borealis_ Vieillot in east, _L. e. invictus_ Grinnell in west (most specimens from Kansas are intermediate between the two). * _Lanius ludovicianus._ Loggerhead Shrike. Common resident and transient throughout state, but may leave north-central and northwestern parts in winter. Subspecies in Kansas: _L. l. migrans_ Palmer in extreme east, _L. l. excubitorides_ Swainson in west, east to Norton, Ness, and Clark counties; birds from rest of state mostly intermediate. * _Sturnus vulgaris._ Starling. Introduced. First appeared in early 1930's, now common transient and resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _S. v. vulgaris_ Linnaeus. * _Vireo atricapillus_ Woodhouse. Black-capped Vireo. Summer resident in Comanche and possibly other south-central counties. Status poorly known. Goss collected three pairs in southeastern Comanche County, May 7 to 18, 1885, and found a nest under construction on May 11, 1885. Sight records from Manhattan, Riley County, June 18, 1953, by Scott Searles, and Halstead, Harvey County, May 16, 1951, by Edna L. Ruth. No subspecies recognized. * _Vireo griseus._ White-eyed Vireo. Locally common transient and summer resident in east. Status poorly known. Nesting records from Doniphan County (Linsdale) and Kansas City region; specimens taken in summer from Douglas, Montgomery, and Labette counties. Subspecies in Kansas: _V. g. noveboracensis_ (Gmelin). * _Vireo bellii._ Bell Vireo. Common summer resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _V. b. bellii_ Audubon. * _Vireo flavifrons_ Vieillot. Yellow-throated Vireo. Uncommon transient and local, uncommon summer resident throughout state. Goss reported two nests, one with 1 Cowbird and 3 vireo eggs, at Neosho Falls, Woodson County, May 9, 1877, and one under construction at Topeka, Shawnee County, May 18, 1883. T. W. Nelson found a nest at Topeka in 1947 (date approximate). R. F. Miller found an occupied nest 3 miles north of Baldwin, Douglas County, May 6, 1947. No subspecies recognized. _Vireo solitarius._ Solitary Vireo. Fairly common transient throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _V. s. solitarius_ (Wilson) in east, _V. s. plumbeus_ Coues and _V. s. cassinii_ Xantus in west. * _Vireo olivaceus_ (Linnaeus). Red-eyed Vireo. Common transient and summer resident throughout state. No subspecies recognized. _Vireo philadelphicus_ (Cassin). Philadelphia Vireo. Uncommon transient in east (often overlooked); reported west to Harvey County but western limit of migration in Kansas not known. No subspecies recognized. * _Vireo gilvus._ Warbling Vireo. Common transient and summer resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _V. g. gilvus_ (Vieillot). * _Mniotilta varia_ (Linnaeus). Black and White Warbler. Common transient throughout state, local and uncommon summer resident in east. Breeding distribution in state poorly known. Nests reported in Douglas and Leavenworth counties. No subspecies recognized. * _Protonotaria citrea_ (Boddaert). Prothonotary Warbler. Locally common transient and summer resident in eastern Kansas. Nesting records from Doniphan, Leavenworth, Johnson, Douglas, Shawnee, and Woodson counties. No subspecies recognized. * _Helmitheros vermivorus_ (Gmelin). Worm-eating Warbler. Rare transient (specimens from Doniphan, Douglas, and Woodson counties) and summer resident in east. Linsdale saw a singing bird on July 11, 1923, in Doniphan County. Hilton (Wilson Bull., 32, 1920:85-86) reports finding a newly-fledged young bird with an adult at Fort Leavenworth, Leavenworth County, on June 7, 1919 (some of Hilton's records seem highly improbable, but the one in question is convincing to me). No subspecies recognized. _Vermivora chrysoptera_ (Linnaeus). Golden-winged Warbler. Rare transient in east. Several sight records and one specimen: female (KU 12700), 3 miles south of Lawrence, Douglas County, May 2, 1921, E. R. Hall. No subspecies recognized. _Vermivora pinus_ (Linnaeus). Blue-winged Warbler. Uncommon transient in east. Possibly nests rarely but no definite evidence. No subspecies recognized. _Vermivora peregrina_ (Wilson). Tennessee Warbler. Common transient in east, uncommon transient in west. No subspecies recognized. _Vermivora celata._ Orange-crowned Warbler. Common transient throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _V. c. celata_ (Say) throughout state, _V. c. orestera_ Oberholser in west. _Vermivora ruficapilla._ Nashville Warbler. Common transient throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _V. r. ruficapilla_ (Wilson). _Vermivora virginiae_ (Baird). Virginia Warbler. Transient in extreme west. Known in Kansas only from 8 miles south of Richfield, Morton County: five birds seen, two collected, May 4 to 10, 1950, Richard and Jean Graber. No subspecies recognized. * _Parula americana_ (Linnaeus). Parula Warbler. Fairly common transient and local summer resident in eastern Kansas. Nesting records from Riley, Doniphan, Douglas, and Woodson counties; western limit of breeding distribution unknown. No subspecies recognized. * _Dendroica petechia._ Yellow Warbler. Common transient and summer resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _D. p. aestiva_ (Gmelin) breeding in all except southwestern Kansas; _D. p. sonorana_ Brewster probably breeding in extreme southwest (specimens from Morton County); _D. p. rubiginosa_ (Pallas) transient, probably throughout state. _Dendroica magnolia_ (Wilson). Magnolia Warbler. Uncommon transient throughout state. No subspecies recognized. _Dendroica tigrina_ (Gmelin). Cape May Warbler. Rare transient in east. Several sight records but only one specimen from state: immature male (KU 31644), Lawrence, Douglas County, December 6, 1954 (abnormally late date), Mary Edith Kizer. No subspecies recognized. _Dendroica caerulescens._ Black-throated Blue Warbler. Rare transient, more records from west than from east. Subspecies in Kansas: _D. c. caerulescens_ (Gmelin). _Dendroica coronata._ Myrtle Warbler. Common transient throughout state, rare winter resident. (See also Audubon Warbler.) Subspecies in Kansas: _D. c. coronata_ (Linnaeus) and _D. c. hooveri_ McGregor. _Dendroica auduboni._ Audubon Warbler. Common transient in west, rare in east, specimens taken east to Trego County. Hybrids between this species and Myrtle Warbler common in west. Subspecies in Kansas: _D. a. auduboni_ (Townsend). _Dendroica nigrescens_ (Townsend). Black-throated Gray Warbler. Common transient in extreme western Kansas. Several sight records and four specimens from 8 miles south of Richfield, Morton County, May 8 to 13, 1950, Richard and Jean Graber. No subspecies recognized. _Dendroica townsendi_ (Townsend). Townsend Warbler. Transient in extreme western Kansas. Five records: all from 8 miles south of Richfield, Morton County, May 3 (female collected), 11, and 20, 1950, September 3 and 5 (immature female, KU 31206), 1952, Richard and Jean Graber. No subspecies recognized. _Dendroica virens._ Black-throated Green Warbler. Transient, uncommon in east and rare in west. Subspecies in Kansas: _D. v. virens_ (Gmelin). _Dendroica cerulea_ (Wilson). Cerulean Warbler. Uncommon transient and possibly summer resident in east, but status poorly known. No definite nesting record. Only five specimens on record. No subspecies recognized. _Dendroica fusca_ (Müller). Blackburnian Warbler. Transient, uncommon in east, rare in west. No subspecies recognized. [_Dendroica dominica._ Sycamore Warbler. A few sight records from east and possibly breeds in southeast but placed on Hypothetical List until a specimen from state is obtained.] _Dendroica pensylvanica_ (Linnaeus). Chestnut-sided Warbler. Transient, fairly common in east, uncommon in west. Only three specimens from state, two from Shawnee County, one from Morton County. No subspecies recognized. _Dendroica castanea_ (Wilson). Bay-breasted Warbler. Uncommon transient throughout state. No subspecies recognized. _Dendroica striata_ (Forster). Black-poll Warbler. Common transient in east, uncommon or rare in west. No subspecies recognized. [_Dendroica pinus._ Pine Warbler. Probably rare transient in east where several have been reported seen, but placed in Hypothetical List in absence of a specimen from Kansas. Linsdale reported taking a Pine Warbler in Doniphan County, September 13, 1923, but the specimen is actually a Cerulean Warbler.] * _Dendroica discolor._ Prairie Warbler. Known to occur regularly only in Wyandotte and Johnson counties, where locally common transient and summer resident; newly fledged young have been found. One specimen: male (KU 32376), 2 miles west of Lake Quivira, Johnson County, May 3, 1942, Harold C. Hedges. Subspecies in Kansas: _D. d. discolor_ (Vieillot). _Dendroica palmarum._ Palm Warbler. Uncommon transient in east, west at least to Cloud County. Western limit of occurrence in migration not known. Subspecies in Kansas: _D. p. palmarum_ (Gmelin). * _Seiurus aurocapillus._ Oven-bird. Fairly common transient throughout state; local summer resident in northeast. Brumwell reported one pair nesting in June, 1939, and in 1940, at Fort Leavenworth, Leavenworth County. His report is lacking in details but no other nesting records are available. Subspecies in Kansas: _S. a. aurocapillus_ (Linnaeus) throughout state, _S. a. cinereus_ A. H. Miller taken in Cheyenne County. _Seiurus noveboracensis._ Northern Water-thrush. Fairly common transient throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _S. n. notabilis_ Ridgway. * _Seiurus motacilla_ (Vieillot). Louisiana Water-thrush. Fairly common transient and summer resident in east, uncommon transient in west. Approximately 11 breeding records, all from Miami and Linn counties. Summer distribution in state inadequately known. No subspecies recognized. * _Oporornis formosus_ (Wilson). Kentucky Warbler. Common transient and summer resident in east. Nests west to Riley County, but not reported from Cloud County by Porter. No subspecies recognized. _Oporornis philadelphia_ (Wilson). Mourning Warbler. Locally common transient in east, west rarely to Sedgwick and Cloud counties. Sight records supposedly of Connecticut Warblers (_Oporornis agilis_) may, at least in part, refer to this species. No specimens of _O. agilis_ known from state. No subspecies recognized. _Oporornis tolmiei._ Macgillivray Warbler. Common transient in extreme western Kansas, accidental in east. Specimens from Morton, Hamilton, and Marshall (1) counties. Subspecies in Kansas: _O. t. monticola_ Phillips. * _Geothlypis trichas._ Yellow-throat. Common transient throughout state; common summer resident in east, less common in west. Subspecies in Kansas: _G. t. brachidactyla_ (Swainson) breeds in east; _G. t. occidentalis_ Brewster breeds in west. Distribution in Kansas of these subspecies and identity of transients poorly known. * _Icteria virens._ Yellow-breasted Chat. Common transient and summer resident, perhaps less common in west. Subspecies in Kansas: _I. v. virens_ (Linnaeus) in east, _I. v. auricollis_ (Lichtenstein) in west, intergrading through most of state. _Wilsonia citrina_ (Boddaert). Hooded Warbler. Formerly common summer resident in east, now rare and perhaps no longer nests in state. No satisfactory breeding record. Three males from Leavenworth County, May 9, 1871, and one from Shawnee County, May 17, 1871, taken by J. A. Allen, are now at Harvard. No subspecies recognized. _Wilsonia pusilla._ Wilson Warbler. Common transient throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _W. p. pusilla_ (Wilson) in east, _W. p. pileolata_ (Pallas) in west; precise distribution in migration unknown. _Wilsonia canadensis_ (Linnaeus). Canada Warbler. Uncommon transient in east, reported west to Sedgwick and Cloud counties. No subspecies recognized. * _Setophaga ruticilla._ American Redstart. Common transient and local summer resident in east; probably only transient in west but breeding range in state poorly known. Few definite nesting records: Brumwell reported nesting at Fort Leavenworth, Leavenworth County; J. M. Porter found a nest in Republic County, May 22, 1940. Subspecies in Kansas: _S. r. ruticilla_ (Linnaeus) is breeding form; _S. r. tricolora_ (Müller) occurs in migration. * _Passer domesticus._ English Sparrow. Introduced. Common resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. d. domesticus_ (Linnaeus). * _Dolichonyx oryzivorus_ (Linnaeus). Bobolink. Transient, uncommon in east and rare in west in spring; rare in east and absent in west in fall. In 1940, several pairs remained until July 21 near Jamestown State Lake, Cloud County, and two pairs were seen feeding fledglings on June 25 (J. M. Porter). No other good evidence of breeding. No subspecies recognized. * _Sturnella magna._ Eastern Meadowlark. Common transient and resident in eastern part. Nests locally west to Jewell County in north and Barber County in south. Less common in winter. Subspecies in Kansas: _S. m. magna_ (Linnaeus) in northeast, _S. m. argutula_ Bangs in southeast. _Sturnella neglecta._ Western Meadowlark. Common transient and resident in western part. Nests commonly east to Flint Hills, irregularly and uncommonly in east. Largely replaces Eastern Meadowlark in east in winter. Subspecies in Kansas: _S. n. neglecta_ Audubon. * _Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus_ (Bonaparte). Yellow-headed Blackbird. Transient, common in west and uncommon in east, and uncommon, local summer resident. Breeds more frequently in west; nesting records from Meade, Wallace, Barton, Stafford, Doniphan, and Douglas counties. One winter record, Riley County. No subspecies recognized. * _Agelaius phoeniceus._ Red-wing. Common transient and summer resident throughout state, less common winter resident. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. p. phoeniceus_ (Linnaeus) breeds in most of state; _A. p. fortis_ Ridgway may nest in west and occurs in migration; _A. p. arctolegus_ Oberholser occurs in migration. * _Icterus spurius_ (Linnaeus). Orchard Oriole. Common transient and summer resident throughout state. No subspecies recognized. _Icterus cucullatus._ Hooded Oriole. Accidental. One record: bird banded at Los Angeles, California, January 22, 1939, found dead by Dr. F. S. Williams, 16 miles southeast of Garden City, Finney County, about August 5, 1939; foot of specimen preserved. Subspecies in Kansas: _I. c. californicus_ (Lesson), on geographic grounds. * _Icterus galbula_ (Linnaeus). Baltimore Oriole. Common transient and summer resident through most of state; hybridizes freely with Bullock Oriole in west. One winter record: immature male (KU 31988), Lawrence, Douglas County, December 25, 1953, H. B. Tordoff. No subspecies recognized. * _Icterus bullockii._ Bullock Oriole. Common transient and summer resident in west, rarely east to Stafford County (breeding?) and Douglas County (transient). Subspecies in Kansas: _I. b. bullockii_ (Swainson). _Euphagus carolinus._ Rusty Blackbird. Common transient and locally common winter resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _E. c. carolinus_ (Müller). _Euphagus cyanocephalus_ (Wagler). Brewer Blackbird. Transient and local winter resident. Common in west, uncommon in east. Probably nests in northwest, but no satisfactory evidence of this. No subspecies recognized. _Quiscalus quiscula._ Bronzed Grackle. Common transient and summer resident throughout state; local winter resident. Subspecies in Kansas: _Q. q. versicolor_ Vieillot. * _Molothrus ater._ Cowbird. Common transient and summer resident throughout state; local winter resident. Subspecies in Kansas: _M. a. ater_ (Boddaert) is breeding bird; _M. a. artemisiae_ Grinnell transient, common in west and possibly nesting in northwest. _Piranga ludoviciana_ (Wilson). Western Tanager. Fairly common transient and perhaps summer resident in extreme west. Two males taken 4-1/2 miles west of Kendall, Hamilton County, May 20 and June 1, 1893, H. W. Menke; many seen and two males and a female (KU 31207) taken 8 miles south of Richfield, Morton County, May 6, 1950 (males) and September 4, 1952, Richard and Jean Graber. No subspecies recognized. * _Piranga olivacea_ (Gmelin). Scarlet Tanager. Fairly common transient in east and uncommon summer resident in northeast. Distribution in state poorly known; breeding records from Doniphan, Leavenworth, and Cloud counties. No subspecies recognized. * _Piranga rubra._ Summer Tanager. Common transient and summer resident, distribution poorly known. Recorded in migration (possibly breeding?) west to Morton County and breeding in Doniphan and Douglas counties. Not reported by Porter as nesting in Cloud County. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. r. rubra_ (Linnaeus). * _Richmondena cardinalis._ Cardinal. Common resident in east, uncommon in west, rare in extreme southwest. Subspecies in Kansas: _R. c. cardinalis_ (Linnaeus). * _Pheucticus ludovicianus_ (Linnaeus). Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Common transient and locally common summer resident in east. Reported in summer west to Rawlins County; probably absent in summer from southeast. Distribution poorly known. No subspecies recognized. * _Pheucticus melanocephalus._ Black-headed Grosbeak. Common transient and summer resident in west, nesting east to Cloud and Harvey counties. Occasionally occurs farther east in migration. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. m. melanocephalus_ (Swainson). * _Guiraca caerulea._ Blue Grosbeak. Common transient and summer resident in most of state; locally common in summer in northeast. Subspecies in Kansas: _G. c. caerulea_ (Linnaeus) in east, _G. c. interfusa_ Dwight and Griscom in west; most specimens from state are intergrades. _Passerina cyanea_ (Linnaeus). Indigo Bunting. Common transient and summer resident west to Finney County, status in extreme west not known but probably absent there. No subspecies recognized. _Passerina amoena_ (Say). Lazuli Bunting. Common transient and probably summer resident in extreme western Kansas. No breeding record. Rare in east in migration. No subspecies recognized. * _Passerina ciris._ Painted Bunting. Fairly common summer resident in east, west to Barber and north to Riley and Shawnee counties. One positive nesting record: nest with young, successfully fledged, Lawrence, Douglas County, spring and summer, 1918, Bessie D. Reed. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. c. pallidior_ Mearns. * _Spiza americana_ (Gmelin). Dickcissel. Transient and summer resident throughout state; common in east, locally common in west. No subspecies recognized. _Hesperiphona vespertina._ Evening Grosbeak. Rare and irregular winter visitant. Reported from widely scattered localities throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _H. v. vespertina_ (Cooper); _H. v. brooksi_ Grinnell may occur in west. _Carpodacus purpureus._ Purple Finch. Fairly common transient and winter resident in east; status in west not known. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. p. purpureus_ (Gmelin). _Carpodacus mexicanus._ House Finch. Occurs in southwestern Kansas, reported common north to Hamilton County and east to Finney County. One record from Concordia, Cloud County, 2 or 3 birds seen from February 26 to March 6, 1954, Lillie and Ida Cook, J. M. Porter. Most records in winter; status in summer uncertain. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. m. frontalis_ (Say). [_Pinicola enucleator._ Pine Grosbeak. One old record (possibly based on a specimen, but convincing details are lacking) and a few recent sight records from east. Placed in Hypothetical List in absence of an authentic specimen from state.] _Acanthis flammea._ Redpoll. Rare and irregular winter visitant. Records from Cloud, Riley (specimen), Douglas (specimens), and Woodson counties, and Kansas City region. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. f. flammea_ (Linnaeus). * _Spinus pinus._ Pine Siskin. Common but irregular transient and winter resident throughout state. Two breeding records: nest with 3 or 4 young, later successfully fledged, Onaga, Pottawatomie County, May 3, 1920, F. F. Crevecoeur; nest with 3 eggs (young successfully fledged), 1 mile southwest of Concordia, Cloud County, observed from April 6 to 30, 1954, J. M. Porter. Subspecies in Kansas: _S. p. pinus_ (Wilson). * _Spinus tristis._ Eastern Goldfinch. Common resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _S. t. tristis_ (Linnaeus). * _Loxia curvirostra._ Red Crossbill. Irregular winter visitant throughout state, locally common at times. One nesting record: nest with one egg, Topeka, Shawnee County, March 22, 1917, A. Sidney Hyde. This nest later held three eggs, all hatched, three young fledged, and the family left the area in June. Subspecies in Kansas (in approximate decreasing order of frequency): _L. c. benti_ Griscom, _L. c. bendirei_ Ridgway, _L. c. minor_ (Brehm), _L. c. stricklandi_ Ridgway, _L. c. sitkensis_ Grinnell. _Loxia leucoptera._ White-winged Crossbill. Rare and irregular winter visitant throughout the state. Only two specimens taken (Douglas and Ellis counties). Subspecies in Kansas: _L. l. leucoptera_ Gmelin. _Chlorura chlorura_ (Audubon). Green-tailed Towhee. Fairly common transient in west; rare winter visitant in east (Shawnee County, Wyandotte County). No subspecies recognized. * _Pipilo erythrophthalmus._ Red-eyed Towhee. Common transient and winter resident throughout state; uncommon summer resident in east, status in west in summer not known. No nest found, but recently fledged young reported in several counties. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. e. erythrophthalmus_ (Linnaeus) resident; _P. e. arcticus_ (Swainson) winter resident throughout state; _P. e. montanus_ Swarth reported as transient only from Morton County. * _Calamospiza melanocorys_ Stejneger. Lark Bunting. Common transient and summer resident in west, rare transient in east. Nesting in southwestern Kansas irregular; absent some years and present in other years. One nesting record from east, in Franklin County. No subspecies recognized. _Passerculus sandwichensis._ Savannah Sparrow. Common transient and rare winter resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. s. savanna_ (Wilson), _P. s. nevadensis_ Grinnell, _P. s. oblitus_ Peters and Griscom. * _Ammodramus savannarum._ Grasshopper Sparrow. Common transient and local summer resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. s. perpallidus_ (Coues). _Ammodramus bairdii_ (Audubon). Baird Sparrow. One record: male? (U. S. Natl. Mus. 155884), Pendennis, Lane County, April 25, 1897, J. A. Loring. This species probably occurs regularly in the state but is overlooked. No subspecies recognized. _Passerherbulus caudacutus_ (Latham). Leconte Sparrow. Common transient and irregular, locally common winter resident west at least to Lane County. No subspecies recognized. * _Passerherbulus henslowii._ Henslow Sparrow. Uncommon transient and uncommon, local summer resident in east, west at least to Cloud County. Breeding records from Morris, Shawnee, Douglas, and Anderson counties. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. h. henslowii_ (Audubon). _Ammospiza caudacuta._ Sharp-tailed Sparrow. Rare transient in east. Specimens taken in Shawnee, Douglas, Woodson, and McPherson counties. Supposed nesting reported by Goss probably erroneous. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. c. nelsoni_ (Allen). _Pooecetes gramineus._ Vesper Sparrow. Common transient throughout state. May nest in northwest but no evidence available. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. g. gramineus_ (Gmelin) in east, _P. g. confinis_ Baird in west. * _Chondestes grammacus._ Lark Sparrow. Common transient and summer resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. g. grammacus_ (Say) east of Flint Hills, _C. g. strigatus_ Swainson in west; the two subspecies intergrade in central Kansas. _Aimophila ruficeps._ Rufous-crowned Sparrow. Two records: male (KU 29222), Schwarz Canyon, Comanche County, June 7, 1936, C. W. Hibbard; one seen near Point Rock, Morton County, May 21, 1950, Richard and Jean Graber. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. r. scottii_ (Sennett). _Aimophila aestivalis._ Pine-woods Sparrow. One specimen: male (KU 32377), Lake Quivira, in Wyandotte County, April 26, 1948, Harold C. Hedges. One seen, Lake Quivira, in Johnson County, April 24, 1949, Harold C. Hedges. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. a. illinoensis_ (Ridgway). * _Aimophila cassinii_ (Woodhouse). Cassin Sparrow. Common summer resident in southwestern Kansas, known north to Hamilton County and east to Finney County. One nesting record: nest with two young and one pipped egg, one mile south of Garden City, Finney County, May 24, 1954, Marvin D. Schwilling. No subspecies recognized. _Amphispiza bilineata._ Black-throated Sparrow. One record: specimen of unknown sex (KU 31356), 4 miles north and 3 miles east of Garden City, Finney County, November 25, 1952, Marvin D. Schwilling. Subspecies in Kansas: _A. b. deserticola_ Ridgway. _Junco aikeni_ Ridgway. White-winged Junco. Fairly common transient and winter resident in western Kansas. Specimens from Wallace, Ellis, Hamilton, and Morton counties. No subspecies recognized. _Junco hyemalis._ Slate-colored Junco. Common transient and winter resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _J. h. hyemalis_ (Linnaeus), _J. h. cismontanus_ Dwight. _Junco oreganus._ Oregon Junco. Common transient and winter resident in west, uncommon in east. Subspecies in Kansas: _J. o. montanus_ Ridgway, _J. o. mearnsi_ Ridgway. _Spizella arborea._ Tree Sparrow. Common transient and winter resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _S. a. arborea_ (Wilson) common in east; _S. a. ochracea_ Brewster common throughout state. * _Spizella passerina._ Chipping Sparrow. Common transient and summer resident in east, less common in west. Only two actual nesting records: occupied nest at Lawrence, Douglas County, May, 1954, James S. Findley; nest with 4 large young, 6 miles south of Atchison, Atchison County, May, 1934 or 1935, Homer A. Stephens (photographs taken of nest and adult). Subspecies in Kansas: _S. p. passerina_ (Bechstein) in east, _S. p. arizonae_ Coues in west. _Spizella pallida_ (Swainson). Clay-colored Sparrow. Common transient throughout state. Possibly breeds in northwest: male (KU 31950) with greatly enlarged testes (9 × 6 mm.), 1 mile north of St. Francis, Cheyenne County, June 12, 1954, H. B. Tordoff. No subspecies recognized. _Spizella breweri._ Brewer Sparrow. Common transient in west. Five specimens known: four males, Morton County, April 8 to May 1, 1950, Richard and Jean Graber; one specimen (sex?), Finney County, May 3, 1954, Marvin D. Schwilling. Subspecies in Kansas: _S. b. breweri_ Cassin. * _Spizella pusilla._ Field Sparrow. Common transient and summer resident and uncommon winter resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _S. p. arenacea_ Chadbourne, intergrading in east with _S. p. pusilla_ (Wilson). _Zonotrichia querula_ (Nuttall). Harris Sparrow. Common transient and winter resident in east, uncommon in west. No subspecies recognized. _Zonotrichia leucophrys._ White-crowned Sparrow. Common transient and winter resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _Z. l. leucophrys_ (Forster) common in east, uncommon in west; _Z. l. gambelii_ (Nuttall) common in west, fairly common in east. _Zonotrichia albicollis_ (Gmelin). White-throated Sparrow. Fairly common transient, uncommon winter resident west at least to Cloud and Sedgwick counties. Status in west poorly known; not reported at Garden City by Marvin D. Schwilling. No subspecies recognized. _Passerella iliaca._ Fox Sparrow. Fairly common transient and uncommon winter resident in east; probably occurs in west but status there poorly known. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. i. iliaca_ (Merrem); other subspecies may be found in west when specimens become available. _Melospiza lincolnii._ Lincoln Sparrow. Common transient and uncommon winter resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _M. l. lincolnii_ (Audubon) throughout state; _M. l. alticola_ (Miller and McCabe) in extreme west. _Melospiza georgiana._ Swamp Sparrow. Common transient and uncommon winter resident in east. Western limit of range in Kansas not known (rare transient in Cloud and Finney counties--Porter and Schwilling). Subspecies in Kansas: _M. g. georgiana_ (Latham), _M. g. ericrypta_ Oberholser. _Melospiza melodia._ Song Sparrow. Common transient and winter resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _M. m. euphonia_ Wetmore, _M. m. juddi_ Bishop, _M. m. montana_ Henshaw. _Rhynchophanes mccownii_ (Lawrence). McCown Longspur. Transient, common in west, rare in east, and winter resident, uncommon in west, rare in east. No subspecies recognized. _Calcarius lapponicus._ Lapland Longspur. Common transient and winter resident throughout state. Subspecies in Kansas: _C. l. lapponicus_ (Linnaeus) is the common form; _C. l. alascensis_ Ridgway occurs uncommonly (specimens from Douglas and Hamilton counties). _Calcarius pictus_ (Swainson). Smith Longspur. Fairly common transient and locally common winter resident except in extreme east, where rare. No subspecies recognized. * _Calcarius ornatus_ (Townsend). Chestnut-collared Longspur. Common transient and winter resident in west, uncommon in east. Formerly, at least, occurred in summer in High Plains of west; nests found in Ellis County in 1871 by J. A. Allen. No recent records in summer. No subspecies recognized. _Plectrophenax nivalis._ Snow Bunting. Winter visitant at irregular and, sometimes, long intervals. No specimens preserved in state since 1879. Subspecies in Kansas: _P. n. nivalis_ (Linnaeus). _Transmitted May 19, 1955._ Index to Common Names Acadian Flycatcher, 334 Alder Flycatcher, 334 American Bittern, 312 American Coot, 322 American Egret, 311 American Knot, 325 American Magpie, 336 American Merganser, 317 American Raven, 336 American Redstart, 346 American Woodcock, 323 Arizona Jay, 336 Ash-throated Flycatcher, 333 Audubon Warbler, 343 Avocet, 326 Baird Sandpiper, 325 Baird Sparrow, 350 Bald Eagle, 319 Baldpate, 315 Baltimore Oriole, 347 Bank Swallow, 335 Barn Owl, 330 Barn Swallow, 335 Barred Owl, 330 Bay-breasted Warbler, 344 Bell Vireo, 341 Belted Kingfisher, 331 Bewick Wren, 338 Black and White Warbler, 342 Black-bellied Plover, 323 Black-billed Cuckoo, 329 blackbirds, 346-348 Blackburnian Warbler, 344 Black-capped Chickadee, 337 Black-capped Vireo, 341 Black-crowned Night Heron, 312 Black Duck, 314 Black-headed Grosbeak, 348 Black-necked Stilt, 326 Black-poll Warbler, 344 Black Rail, 322 Black Tern, 328 Black-throated Blue Warbler, 343 Black-throated Gray Warbler, 344 Black-throated Green Warbler, 344 Black-throated Sparrow, 352 Black Vulture, 318 Blue Goose, 314 Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 340 Blue Grosbeak, 348 Blue Jay, 336 Blue-winged Teal, 315 Blue-winged Warbler, 342 Bobolink, 346 Bob-white, 321 Bohemian Waxwing, 340 Bonaparte Gull, 328 Brant, 314 Brewer Blackbird, 347 Brewer Sparrow, 352 Broad-winged Hawk, 319 Bronzed Grackle, 348 Brown Creeper, 337 Brown Pelican, 311 Brown Thrasher, 338 Buff-breasted Sandpiper, 326 Buffle-head, 316 Bullock Oriole, 347 buntings, 348-354 Burrowing Owl, 330 California Gull, 327 Calliope Hummingbird, 331 Canada Goose, 313 Canada Warbler, 346 Canvas-back, 316 Cape May Warbler, 343 Cardinal, 348 Carolina Chickadee, 337 Carolina Paroquet, 329 Carolina Wren, 338 Caspian Tern, 328 Cassin Kingbird, 333 Cassin Sparrow, 351 Catbird, 338 Cedar Waxwing, 340 Cerulean Warbler, 344 Chestnut-backed Bluebird, 339 Chestnut-collared Longspur, 354 Chestnut-sided Warbler, 344 chickadees, 337 Chimney Swift, 331 Chipping Sparrow, 352 Chuck-will's-widow, 331 Cinnamon Teal, 315 Clark Nutcracker, 337 Clay-colored Sparrow, 352 Cliff Swallow, 335 Common Loon, 310 Common Scoter, 317 Common Tern, 328 Cooper Hawk, 318 cormorants, 311 corvids, 336-337 Cowbird, 348 cranes, 321 Crested Flycatcher, 333 crossbills, 350 Crow, 336 cuckoos, 329-330 Dickcissel, 349 Double-crested Cormorant, 311 doves, 328-329 Downy Woodpecker, 333 Duck Hawk, 320 ducks, 314-317 eagles, 319 Eared Grebe, 310 Eastern Bluebird, 339 Eastern Goldfinch, 350 Eastern Kingbird, 333 Eastern Meadowlark, 346 Eastern Phoebe, 334 Eastern Wood Pewee, 335 Eider, 316 English Sparrow, 346 Eskimo Curlew, 324 European Widgeon, 315 Evening Grosbeak, 349 falcons, 320 Ferruginous Rough-leg, 319 Field Sparrow, 352 finches, 348-354 Flamingo, 313 Florida Gallinule, 322 flycatchers, 333-335 Forster Tern, 328 Fox Sparrow, 353 Franklin Gull, 327 Fulvous Tree-duck, 314 Gadwall, 315 geese, 313-314 Glaucous Gull, 327 goatsuckers, 331 Golden-crowned Kinglet, 340 Golden Eagle, 319 Golden-eye, 316 Golden Plover, 323 Golden-winged Warbler, 342 Goshawk, 318 Grasshopper Sparrow, 350 Gray-cheeked Thrush, 339 Great Blue Heron, 311 Greater Prairie Chicken, 320 Greater Scaup Duck, 316 Greater Yellow-legs, 325 grebes, 310 Green Heron, 312 Green-tailed Towhee, 350 Green-winged Teal, 315 Groove-billed Ani, 330 grosbeaks, 348-349 Ground Dove, 329 grouse, 320-321 gulls, 327-328 Gyrfalcon, 320 Hairy Woodpecker, 333 Harris Hawk, 319 Harris Sparrow, 353 Hawk Owl, 330 hawks, 318-320 Henslow Sparrow, 351 Hermit Thrush, 339 herons, 311-312 Herring Gull, 327 Hooded Merganser, 317 Hooded Oriole, 347 Hooded Warbler, 346 Horned Grebe, 310 Horned Lark, 335 Horned Owl, 330 House Finch, 349 House Wren, 337 Hudsonian Curlew, 324 Hudsonian Godwit, 326 hummingbirds, 331 ibises, 312-313 Inca Dove, 329 Indigo Bunting, 349 jaegers, 327 jays, 336-337 juncos, 352 Kentucky Warbler, 345 Killdeer, 323 King Eider, 316 kingfisher, 331 kinglets, 340 King Rail, 321 kites, 318 Kittiwake, 328 Ladder-backed Woodpecker, 333 Lapland Longspur, 353 lark, 335 Lark Bunting, 350 Lark Sparrow, 351 Laughing Gull, 327 Lazuli Bunting, 349 Least Bittern, 312 Least Flycatcher, 334 Least Sandpiper, 325 Least Tern, 328 Leconte Sparrow, 351 Lesser Prairie Chicken, 320 Lesser Scaup Duck, 316 Lesser Yellow-legs, 325 Lewis Woodpecker, 332 Lincoln Sparrow, 353 Little Blue Heron, 312 Loggerhead Shrike, 341 Long-billed Curlew, 324 Long-billed Dowitcher, 325 Long-billed Marsh Wren, 338 Long-eared Owl, 330 longspurs, 353-354 Long-tailed Jaeger, 327 loons, 310 Louisiana Heron, 312 Louisiana Water-thrush, 345 Macgillivray Warbler, 345 Magnolia Warbler, 343 magpie, 336 Mallard, 314 Man-o'-war-bird, 311 Marbled Godwit, 326 Marsh Hawk, 320 McCown Longspur, 353 meadowlarks, 346-347 Mexican Cormorant, 311 Mississippi Kite, 318 Mockingbird, 338 Mottled Duck, 314 Mountain Bluebird, 340 Mountain Plover, 323 Mourning Dove, 329 Mourning Warbler, 345 Myrtle Warbler, 343 Nashville Warbler, 343 Nighthawk, 331 Northern Phalarope, 327 Northern Shrike, 341 Northern Water-thrush, 345 nuthatches, 337 Old-squaw, 316 Olive-backed Thrush, 339 Olive-sided Flycatcher, 335 Orange-crowned Warbler, 343 Orchard Oriole, 347 Oregon Junco, 352 orioles, 347 Osprey, 320 Oven-bird, 345 owls, 330-331 Painted Bunting, 349 Palm Warbler, 345 Parula Warbler, 343 Passenger Pigeon, 329 Pectoral Sandpiper, 325 pelicans, 311 phalaropes, 326-327 Philadelphia Vireo, 342 Pied-billed Grebe, 310 Pigeon Hawk, 320 pigeons, 328-329 Pileated Woodpecker, 332 Pine Grosbeak, 349 Pine Siskin, 349 Pine Warbler, 344 Pine-woods Sparrow, 351 Piñon Jay, 337 Pintail, 315 Piping Plover, 323 pipits, 340 plovers, 323 Pomarine Jaeger, 327 Poor-will, 331 Prairie Falcon, 320 Prairie Warbler, 344 Prothonotary Warbler, 342 Purple Finch, 349 Purple Gallinule, 322 Purple Martin, 336 quail, 321 rails, 321-322 ravens, 336 Red-backed Sandpiper, 325 Red-bellied Woodpecker, 332 Red-breasted Merganser, 317 Red-breasted Nuthatch, 337 Red Crossbill, 350 Red-eyed Towhee, 350 Red-eyed Vireo, 342 Redhead, 315 Red-headed Woodpecker, 332 Red-necked Grebe, 310 Red Phalarope, 326 Redpoll, 349 Red-shafted Flicker, 332 Red-shouldered Hawk, 318 Red-tailed Hawk, 318 Red-throated Loon, 310 Red-wing, 347 Ring-billed Gull, 327 Ring-necked Duck, 316 Ring-necked Pheasant, 321 Road-runner, 329 Robin, 339 Rock Dove, 328 Rock Wren, 338 Roseate Spoonbill, 313 Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 348 Ross Goose, 314 Rough-legged Hawk, 319 Rough-winged Swallow, 335 Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 340 Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 331 Ruddy Duck, 317 Ruddy Turnstone, 323 Ruffed Grouse, 320 Rufous-crowned Sparrow, 351 Rusty Blackbird, 347 Sabine Gull, 328 Sage Thrasher, 338 Sanderling, 326 Sandhill Crane, 321 sandpipers, 323-326 Savannah Sparrow, 350 Saw-whet Owl, 330 Say Phoebe, 334 Scaled Quail, 321 Scarlet Tanager, 348 Scissor-tailed Flycatcher, 333 Screech Owl, 330 Scrub Jay, 336 Semipalmated Plover, 323 Semipalmated Sandpiper, 325 Sharp-shinned Hawk, 318 Sharp-tailed Grouse, 321 Sharp-tailed Sparrow, 351 Short-billed Dowitcher, 325 Short-billed Marsh Wren, 338 Short-eared Owl, 330 shrikes, 341 Shoveller, 315 Slate-colored Junco, 352 Smith Longspur, 353 Snow Bunting, 354 Snow Goose, 314 Snowy Egret, 311 Snowy Owl, 330 Snowy Plover, 323 Solitary Sandpiper, 324 Solitary Vireo, 341 Song Sparrow, 353 Sora, 322 Sparrow Hawk, 320 sparrows, 348-354 Spotted Sandpiper, 324 Sprague Pipit, 340 Starling, 341 Steller Jay, 336 Stilt Sandpiper, 325 Summer Tanager, 348 Surf Scoter, 317 Swainson Hawk, 319 swallows, 335-336 Swallow-tailed Kite, 318 Swamp Sparrow, 353 swans, 313 swift, 331 Sycamore Warbler, 344 tanagers, 348 Tennessee Warbler, 342 terns, 328 thrashers, 338 thrushes, 339-340 towhees, 350 Townsend Solitaire, 340 Townsend Warbler, 344 Tree Sparrow, 352 Tree Swallow, 335 Trumpeter Swan, 313 Tufted Titmouse, 337 Turkey, 321 Turkey Vulture, 317 Upland Plover, 324 Varied Thrush, 339 Veery, 339 Vesper Sparrow, 351 Violet-green Swallow, 335 vireos, 341-342 Virginia Rail, 322 Virginia Warbler, 343 vultures, 317-318 warblers, 342-346 Warbling Vireo, 342 Water Pipit, 340 Water-turkey, 311 waxwings, 340 Western Flycatcher, 334 Western Grebe, 310 Western Kingbird, 333 Western Meadowlark, 347 Western Sandpiper, 326 Western Tanager, 348 Western Wood Pewee, 335 Whip-poor-will, 331 Whistling Swan, 313 White-breasted Nuthatch, 337 White-crowned Sparrow, 353 White-eyed Vireo, 341 White-faced Glossy Ibis, 313 White-fronted Goose, 314 White-necked Raven, 336 White Pelican, 311 White-rumped Sandpiper, 325 White-throated Sparrow, 353 White-winged Crossbill, 350 White-winged Junco, 352 White-winged Scoter, 317 Whooping Crane, 321 Willet, 324 Williamson Sapsucker, 333 Wilson Phalarope, 326 Wilson Snipe, 324 Wilson Warbler, 346 Winter Wren, 337 Wood Duck, 315 Wood Ibis, 312 woodpeckers, 331-333 Wood Thrush, 339 Worm-eating Warbler, 342 wrens, 337-338 Wright Flycatcher, 334 Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, 334 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 332 Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 329 Yellow-breasted Chat, 346 Yellow-crowned Night Heron, 312 Yellow-headed Blackbird, 347 Yellow Rail, 322 Yellow-shafted Flicker, 331 Yellow-throat, 345 Yellow-throated Vireo, 341 Yellow Warbler, 343 [Illustration: FIG. 1. Map of Kansas showing names of counties.] UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Institutional libraries interested in publications exchange may obtain this series by addressing the Exchange Librarian, University of Kansas Library, Lawrence, Kansas. Copies for individuals, persons working in a particular field of study, may be obtained by addressing instead the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. There is no provision for sale of this series by the University Library which meets institutional requests, or by the Museum of Natural History which meets the requests of individuals. However, when individuals request copies from the Museum, 25 cents should be included, for each separate number that is 100 pages or more in length, for the purpose of defraying the costs of wrapping and mailing. * An asterisk designates those numbers of which the Museum's supply (not the Library's supply) is exhausted. Numbers published to date, in this series, are as follows: Vol. 1. Nos. 1-26 and index. Pp. 1-638, 1946-1950. Index. Pp. 605-638. *Vol. 2. (Complete) Mammals of Washington. By Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 1-444, 140 figures in text. April 9, 1948. Vol. 3. *1. The avifauna of Micronesia, its origin, evolution, and distribution. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 1-359, 16 figures in text. June 12, 1951. *2. A quantitative study of the nocturnal migration of birds. By George H. Lowery, Jr. Pp. 361-472, 47 figures in text. June 29, 1951. 3. Phylogeny of the waxwings and allied birds. By M. Dale Arvey. Pp. 473-530, 49 figures in text, 13 tables. October 10, 1951. 4. Birds from the state of Veracruz, Mexico. By George H. Lowery, Jr., and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 531-649, 7 figures in text, 2 tables. October 10, 1951. Index. Pp. 651-681. *Vol. 4. (Complete) American weasels. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 1-466, 41 plates, 31 figures in text. December 27, 1951. Vol. 5. 1. Preliminary survey of a Paleocene faunule from the Angels Peak area, New Mexico. By Robert W. Wilson. Pp. 1-11, 1 figure in text. February 24, 1951. 2. Two new moles (Genus Scalopus) from Mexico and Texas. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 17-24. February 28, 1951. 3. Two new pocket gophers from Wyoming and Colorado. By E. Raymond Hall and H. Gordon Montague. Pp. 25-32. February 28, 1951. 4. Mammals obtained by Dr. Curt von Wedel from the barrier beach of Tamaulipas, Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 33-47, 1 figure in text. October 1, 1951. 5. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of some North American rabbits. By E. Raymond Hall and Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 49-58. October 1, 1951. 6. Two new subspecies of Thomomys bottae from New Mexico and Colorado. By Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 59-71, 1 figure in text. October 1, 1951. 7. A new subspecies of Microtus montanus from Montana and comments on Microtus canicaudus Miller. By E. Raymond Hall and Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 73-79. October 1, 1951. 8. A new pocket gopher (Genus Thomomys) from eastern Colorado. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 81-85. October 1, 1951. 9. Mammals taken along the Alaskan Highway. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 87-117, 1 figure in text. November 28, 1951. *10. A synopsis of the North American Lagomorpha. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 119-202. 68 figures in text. December 15, 1951. 11. A new pocket mouse (Genus Perognathus) from Kansas. By E. Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 203-206. December 15, 1951. 12. Mammals from Tamaulipas, Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 207-218. December 15, 1951. 13. A new pocket gopher (Genus Thomomys) from Wyoming and Colorado. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 219-222. December 15, 1951. 14. A new name for the Mexican red bat. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 223-226. December 15, 1951. 15. Taxonomic notes on Mexican bats of the Genus Rhogeëssa. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 227-232. April 10, 1952. 16. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of some North American woodrats (Genus Neotoma). By Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 233-242. April 10, 1952. 17. The subspecies of the Mexican red-bellied squirrel, Sciurus aureogaster. By Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 243-250, 1 figure in text. April 10, 1952. 18. Geographic range of Peromyscus melanophrys, with description of new subspecies. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 251-258, 1 figure in text. May 10, 1952. 19. A new chipmunk (Genus Eutamias) from the Black Hills. By John A. White. Pp. 259-262. April 10, 1952. 20. A new piñon mouse (Peromyscus truei) from Durango, Mexico. By Robert B. Finley, Jr. Pp. 263-267. May 23, 1952. 21. An annotated checklist of Nebraskan bats. By Olin L. Webb and J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 269-279. May 31, 1952. 22. Geographic variation in red-backed mice (Genus Clethrionomys) of the southern Rocky Mountain region. By E. Lendell Cockrum and Kenneth L. Fitch. Pp. 281-292, 1 figure in text. November 15, 1952. 23. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of North American microtines. By E. Raymond Hall and E. Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 293-312. November 17, 1952. 24. The subspecific status of two Central American sloths. By E. Raymond Hall and Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 313-317. November 21, 1952. 25. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of some North American marsupials, insectivores, and carnivores. By E. Raymond Hall and Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 319-341. December 5, 1952. 26. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of some North American rodents. By E. Raymond Hall and Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 343-371. December 15, 1952. 27. A synopsis of the North American microtine rodents. By E. Raymond Hall and E. Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 373-498, 149 figures in text. January 15, 1953. 28. The pocket gophers (Genus Thomomys) of Coahuila, Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 499-514, 1 figure in text. June 1, 1953. 29. Geographic distribution of the pocket mouse, Perognathus fasciatus. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 515-526, 7 figures in text. August 1, 1953. 30. A new subspecies of wood rat (Neotoma mexicana) from Colorado. By Robert B. Finley, Jr. Pp. 527-534, 2 figures in text. August 15, 1953. 31. Four new pocket gophers of the genus Cratogeomys from Jalisco, Mexico. By Robert J. Russell. Pp. 535-542. October 15, 1953. 32. Genera and subgenera of chipmunks. By John A. White. Pp. 543-561, 12 figures in text. December 1, 1953. 33. Taxonomy of the chipmunks, Eutamias quadrivittatus and Eutamias umbrinus. By John A. White. Pp. 563-582, 6 figures in text. December 1, 1953. 34. Geographic distribution and taxonomy of the chipmunks of Wyoming. By John A. White. Pp. 584-610, 3 figures in text. December 1, 1953. 35. The baculum of the chipmunks of western North America. By John A. White. Pp. 611-631, 19 figures in text. December 1, 1953. 36. Pleistocene Soricidae from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. By James S. Findley. Pp. 633-639. December 1, 1953. 37. Seventeen species of bats recorded from Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone. By E. Raymond Hall and William B. Jackson. Pp. 641-646. December 1, 1953. Index. Pp. 647-676. *Vol. 6. (Complete) Mammals of Utah, _taxonomy and distribution_. By Stephen D. Durrant. Pp. 1-549, 91 figures in text, 30 tables. August 10, 1952. Vol. 7. *1. Mammals of Kansas. By E. Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 1-303, 73 figures in text, 37 tables. August 25, 1952. 2. Ecology of the opossum on a natural area in northeastern Kansas. By Henry S. Fitch and Lewis L. Sandidge. Pp. 305-338, 5 figures in text. August 24, 1953. 3. The silky pocket mice (Perognathus flavus) of Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 339-347, 1 figure in text. February 15, 1954. 4. North American jumping mice (Genus Zapus). By Philip H. Krutzsch. Pp. 349-472, 47 figures in text, 4 tables. April 21, 1954. 5. Mammals from Southeastern Alaska. By Rollin H. Baker and James S. Findley. Pp. 473-477. April 21, 1954. 6. Distribution of some Nebraskan Mammals. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 479-487. April 21, 1954. 7. Subspeciation in the montane meadow mouse, Microtus montanus, in Wyoming and Colorado. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 489-506, 2 figures in text. July 23, 1954. 8. A new subspecies of bat (Myotis velifer) from southeastern California and Arizona. By Terry A. Vaughn. Pp. 507-512. July 23, 1954. 9. Mammals of the San Gabriel mountains of California. By Terry A. Vaughn. Pp. 513-582, 1 figure in text, 12 tables. November 15, 1954. 10. A new bat (Genus Pipistrellus) from northeastern Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 583-586. November 15, 1954. 11. A new subspecies of pocket mouse from Kansas. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 587-590. November 15, 1954. 12. Geographic variation in the pocket gopher, Cratogeomys castanops, in Coahuila, Mexico. By Robert J. Russell and Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 591-608. March 15, 1955. 13. A new cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) from northeastern Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 609-612. April 8, 1955. 14. Taxonomy and distribution of some American shrews. By James S. Findley. Pp. 613-618. June 10, 1955. 15. Distribution and systematic position of the pigmy woodrat, Neotoma goldmani. By Dennis G. Rainey and Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 619-624, 2 figs. in text. June 10, 1955. Index. Pp. 625-651. Vol. 8. 1. Life history and ecology of the five-lined skink, Eumeces fasciatus. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 1-156, 2 pls., 26 figs. in text, 17 tables. September 1, 1954. 2. Myology and serology of the Avian Family Fringillidae, a taxonomic study. By William B. Stallcup. Pp. 157-211, 23 figures in text, 4 tables. November 15, 1954. 3. An ecological study of the collared lizard (Crotaphytus collaris). By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 213-274, 10 figures in text. February 10, 1956. 4. A field study of the Kansas ant-eating frog, Gastrophryne olivacea. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 275-306, 9 figures in text. February 10, 1956. 5. Check-list of the birds of Kansas. By Harrison B. Tordoff. Pp. 307-359, 1 figure in text. March 10, 1956. More numbers will appear in volume 8. Vol. 9. 1. Speciation of the wandering shrew. By James S. Findley. Pp. 1-68, 18 figures in text. December 10, 1955. 2. Additional records and extensions of ranges of mammals from Utah. By Stephen D. Durrant, M. Raymond Lee, and Richard M. Hansen. Pp. 69-80. December 10, 1955. 3. A new long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) from northeastern Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker and Howard J. Stains. Pp. 81-84. December 10, 1955. More numbers will appear in volume 9. *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHECK-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF KANSAS *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. START: FULL LICENSE THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license. Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works 1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. 1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. 1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge with others. 1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States. 1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: 1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed: This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. 1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. 1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™. 1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License. 1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. 1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that: • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.” • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works. • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work. • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works. 1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. 1.F. 1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. 1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem. 1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. 1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. 1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause. Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™ Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life. Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org. Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws. The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS. The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate. While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate. International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate. Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org. This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.