The Project Gutenberg eBook of Taxonomic Status Of Some Mice Of The Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico, With Description of a New Subspecies, by Ticul Alvarez.

Saussure (1860) described Peromyscus aztecus from southern México. Osgood (1909) by comparison of one of Saussure's specimens with some from Mirador, Veracruz, concluded that aztecus was a subspecies of P. boylii. Dalquest (1953) incorrectly reported specimens of P. boylii from San Luis Potosí as P. b. aztecus. Merriam (1898) named Peromyscus levipes from Mt. Malinche, Tlaxcala. Thomas (1903) described from Orizaba, Veracruz, P. beatae, which Osgood (1909) mistakenly thought was indistinguishable from P. boylii levipes. Therefore, Osgood in 1909 in his revision of the genus Peromyscus reported only two subspecies of P. boylii from eastern México: P. b. levipes, and P. b. aztecus. Study of Osgood's and Thomas' material, along with recently collected specimens from the states of eastern México, leads me to conclude that P. aztecus and P. boylii are different species; that P. beatae is a valid subspecies different from P. b. levipes; and finally that specimens of P. boylii from Nuevo León and northwestern Tamaulipas pertain to an hitherto unnamed subspecies.

Geographic distribution.—Known only from Mirador and Jalapa in Veracruz, and Huachinango in Puebla.

Diagnosis.—Size medium for the genus (see measurements); tail about as long as head and body; dorsal coloration near Sayal Brown (capitalized color terms after Ridgway, 1912); sides reddish; underparts Light Buff; tail bicolored but not distinctly so; supraorbital border of skull angular, and bullae pointed anteriorly; anterior half of braincase nearly straight (not rounded) as viewed from above; upper molar series long (4.7-5.0); incisive foramina short in relation to length of skull.

Comparisons.—From Peromyscus boylii, P. aztecus differs as follows: Larger in most parts measured; maxillary tooth-row 4.7-5.0 instead of 4.0-4.6; color [Pg 114]brighter on sides (reddish instead of ochraceous); supraorbital border angular instead of rounded; anterior border of zygomatic plate convex in upper half and almost straight in lower half as opposed to nearly straight throughout in boylii; pterygoid fossa broader; bullae more pointed anteriorly and less inflated; mesostyles of upper molars larger; surface between orbital region and nasals convex in lateral view instead of flat.

Remarks.—When Saussure (1860:105) described P. aztecus he did not designate a type or type locality. Osgood (1909:157) designated as lectotype the mounted specimen, in the Geneva Museum, which has the skull inside and of which Saussure figured the molar teeth. Osgood (loc. cit.) examined one of the three specimens (No. 3926 USNM) that Saussure used in describing P. aztecus and found that it agreed "in every respect with recently collected specimens from Mirador, Veracruz, which, in the lack of exact knowledge, may be assumed to be the type locality, as it is certain that some at least of Saussure's specimens were taken near there."

Osgood regarded P. aztecus as a subspecies of P. boylii because of the resemblance between aztecus and P. b. evides, but evides is far removed geographically (occurring only in western México) from aztecus, and is smaller. P. aztecus is larger than any known subspecies of P. boylii, and is not known to intergrade with P. b. levipes or P. b. beatae (with which aztecus occurs sympatrically at Jalapa, Veracruz), the two subspecies of boylii that are found nearest the geographic range of P. aztecus. Also, as mentioned previously, aztecus possesses distinctive characters that distinguish it from all subspecies of boylii. For these reasons I regard aztecus as a distinct species.

According to Hall and Kelson (1959:634), P. aztecus occurs in San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, and west-central Veracruz, but their map 364 is based on the records of Osgood (1909:158) and Dalquest (1953:143). I have examined all the specimens reported by the two authors last named and find that those from San Luis Potosí are P. boylii levipes.

The diagnosis and comparisons here presented of aztecus were based on specimens from Mirador in comparison with all the specimens of P. boylii from eastern México listed beyond. The largest specimens of P. boylii that I have examined are from Las Vigas, Veracruz, and localities within a radius of five kilometers thereof. Some measurements of these large specimens of P. boylii overlap those of P. aztecus but the two kinds of mice differ greatly in characters of the skull, in color, and in length of tail.

The specimens (three adults and three juveniles) from Huachinango, Puebla, are slightly darker than specimens from Mirador but do not differ otherwise. Of two specimens reported from Jalapa, Veracruz, by Osgood (1909:158), one (108547 USNM) agrees with specimens from Mirador in color and cranial characteristics and is P. aztecus, whereas the other (108548 USNM) is P. b. beatae.

Remarks.—A precise diagnosis for P. b. levipes is difficult to prepare because some geographic variation in color and in the cranial characters is present within the range of the subspecies as here understood. For instance there is a gradual cline of decreasing size to the northward in nearly all measurements, but the ratio of length of tail to length of head and body does not present such a [Pg 116]cline; mice from several localities in San Luis Potosí have a relatively shorter tail than do mice from farther north and from farther south. Also, specimens labeled in reference to Zacualpilla, Jacales, Jacala, Tulancingo, and San Miguel Regla average slightly darker dorsally than do typotypes. Some of these specimens are reddish on the cheek and lateral line. Specimens from San Luis Potosí resemble topotypes, but some specimens from northeastern localities in that state have cinnamon or brownish upper parts and are intermediate in coloration between populations of levipes to the south and populations of the same subspecies to the north from the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Sierra de Tamaulipas. Specimens from these two sierras have a cinnamon-reddish color that is more intense in specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas.

Osgood (1909:153) recorded P. b. levipes as occurring from central Nuevo León south through San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, and Veracruz to southern Oaxaca. Actually specimens from Nuevo León and from most parts of Veracruz differ subspecifically from levipes and also from each other. In Veracruz, P. b. levipes is known only from the northwestern part.

Specimens examined.—Total 179 as follows: Tamaulipas: Sierra Madre Oriental, 5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Victoria, 1900 ft., 2; 8 mi. S, 6 mi. W Victoria, 4000 ft., 37; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2000 ft., 8 mi. S, 11 mi. W Piedra, 13. San Luis Potosi: Villar, 11 (USNM); 10 km. E Platanito, 19 (LSU); 8 mi. E (by road) Santa Barbarita, 12 (LSU); Agua Zarca, 3 (LSU); 6 km. NE Cd. Maíz, 13 (LSU); Pendencia Region (Puerto Lobos), 1 (LSU); Pendencia, 2-1/2 mi. N Puerto Lobos, 5 (LSU); 3 km. SW Sán Isidro, 15 (LSU); Cerro Coneja Region, Llano Coneja, 6100 ft., 2 (LSU); Xilitla, 4 (LSU). Hidalgo: 10 mi. NE Jacala, 5050 ft., 7; Regla (Sán Miguel), 2250 m., 4; Arroyo de las Tinajas, 2370 m., 9.5 km. SSW Tulancingo, 1; 10 mi. NW Apam, 7750 ft., 1. Veracruz: 3 km. N Zacualpan, 6000 ft., 1; 3 km. W Zacualpan, 6000 ft., 12; 2 km. N Los Jacales, 7500 ft., 8; 6 km. WSW Zacualpilla, 6500 ft., 5. Tlaxcala: Mt. Malinche, 3 (USNM).

Remarks.—Thomas (1903:485) described P. beatae on the basis of five specimens from Xometla Camp (lat. 18° 59' N, long. 97° 10' W) and one juvenile from Santa Barbara Camp, both on the Volcán de Orizaba, Veracruz. Thomas thought that beatae was related to aztecus, but the differences relied on by him to distinguish the two are the same as those that distinguish aztecus from boylii. Osgood (1909:153) placed beatae in synonymy under P. b. levipes because Mount Orizaba (type locality of beatae) is "relatively very near" Mount Malinche (type locality of levipes), and Thomas had not compared beatae with levipes. Xometla, on the east side of the Volcán de Orizaba, is approximately 56 miles east of the Tlaxcalan part of Mount Malinche and is situated where the Tropical Life-zone begins, whereas Mount Malinche is in the Austral Life-zone on the Mexican Plateau; the difference in habitat between the two places is great. Topotypes of levipes differ from two topotypes of beatae in the same fashion as do other specimens of levipes (from San Luis Potosí) from other specimens of beatae (from Veracruz). Unfortunately, the topotypes of beatae lack external measurements and are subadults, but their coloration agrees with that of other specimens that are here referred to beatae.

Hall and Kelson (1959:634, map 364) incorrectly mapped the distribution of levipes in Veracruz. There are at least two places named Xuchil in the state of Veracruz and Hall and Kelson (loc. cit.) unfortunately plotted the one at lat. 20° 42' N, long. 97° 42' W whereas the specimens actually were collected at the Xuchil on the pleateau south of the Volcán de Orizaba (18° 53' N, 97° 14' W) in the west-central part of Veracruz. The specimens from Xuchil are P. b. beatae.

Intergradation in color between the two subspecies levipes and beatae is seen in specimens from Jalapa and Zacualpan (3 km. N, also others from 3 km. W), Veracruz. Intergradation between these two subspecies possibly will be found elsewhere along the Sierra Madre Oriental.

Type.—Male, adult, skin and skull, No. 33092, United States National Museum, from Monterrey, Nuevo León; obtained on February 17, 1891, by Wm. Lloyd, original number 377.

Geographic distribution.—Eastern Coahuila, central Nuevo León, and the Sierra San Carlos, Tamaulipas.

Diagnosis.—Size small for the species; tail averaging longer than head and body (90-114%); dorsal coloration ochraceous, slightly darker middorsally;

cheeks and lateral line Capucine Orange; skull small; supraorbital border rounded; anterior palatine foramina short.

Comparisons.—P. b. ambiguus differs from P. b. levipes in smaller size, longer tail relative to length of head and body, smaller incisive foramina, brighter and paler color, and relatively broader interorbital region. From P. b. beatae, P. b. ambiguus differs in being smaller in all parts measured and paler.

Remarks.—Osgood (1909:155) reported as P. b. levipes 37 specimens from Monterrey and 18 from Cerro de la Silla, Nuevo León, but noted that they were "aberrant." I have examined those same specimens and can hardly decide to which species, P. boylii or P. pectoralis, they belong. Everything considered I, as did Osgood, opine that the specimens are P. boylii. However, I do not rule out the possibility that in this area there is an unnamed species, because I find an unusually wide range of variation in such cranial characters as size of the bullae, width and form of the pterygoid fossa, and shape of the braincase. Extremes of these characters are not constantly associated except in one specimen (33124 USNM), which is the smallest of all the adults examined. It has small bullae, a short rostrum, widely spreading zygomatic arches anteriorly, and a narrow pterygoid fossa, but does not differ externally from the other specimens. Additional material from this area is needed in order to make out the systematic position of these mice.

Because of the wide range of variation in some of its characters, P. b. ambiguus is difficult to diagnose. Nevertheless, its small external and cranial size, short anterior palatine foramina, and bright color seem to separate it from other subspecies of P. boylii in the eastern part of the range of the species. These differences are most conspicuous when specimens from the northernmost part of the range of levipes are compared with specimens of ambiguus.

The specimens from the Sierra San Carlos, Tamaulipas, closely resemble levipes in color, but are referred to ambiguus on the basis of small size, as also are the two specimens from 12 km. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, Coahuila.

I am grateful to the following persons for the loan of specimens: G. B. Corbet, British Museum, Natural History (BM); David H. Johnson, United States National Museum (USNM); George H. Lowery, Jr., Louisiana State University (LSU); Philip Hershkovitz, Chicago Natural History Museum (CM); William B. Davis, Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College (TAM); W. H. Burt and Emmet T. Hooper, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ). Specimens lacking designation as to collection are housed in the Museum of Natural History of The University of Kansas. I am indebted to Professor E. Raymond Hall and Mr. J. Knox Jones, Jr. for the use of these specimens and for other assistance. It is appropriate to record also that the findings reported above are an outgrowth of related work done as a Research Assistant under Grant No. 56 G 103 from the National Science Foundation.

Number of specimens	Total length	Length of tail-vertebrae	Length of hind foot	Per cent length of tail to head and body	Greatest length of skull	Zygomatic breadth	Interorbital constriction	Length of nasals	Palatine slits	Maxillary tooth-row
P. aztecus Mirador, Veracruz
7 mean	229	113	24.5	...	30.1	15.3	4.7	12.5	6.4	4.8
max.	238	121	26.0	...	30.9	15.8	5.0	13.5	6.8	5.0
min.	215	107	24.0	...	29.2	14.9	4.6	11.2	5.7	4.7
P. boylii beatae Las Vigas to 3 km. E thereof, Veracruz
14 mean	219.3	116.7	23.8	113.7	28.9	14.4	4.5	11.5	6.3	4.5
max.	235.0	130.0	25.0	128.9	29.8	15.1	4.7	12.5	6.8	4.8
min.	204.0	107.0	22.0	100.0	27.9	13.8	4.2	10.7	5.9	4.4
6 km. SSE Altotonga, Veracruz
5 mean	224.4	116.1	24.1	109.4	29.1	14.5	4.5	11.6	6.4	4.5
max.	241.0	126.0	25.0	114.8	30.1	15.2	4.6	12.0	6.7	4.7
min.	221.0	110.0	24.0	100.0	28.6	14.0	4.4	11.2	6.0	4.3
P. boylii levipes 3 km. SW San Isidro, San Luis Potosí
11 mean	205.6	99.5	22.4	93.8	28.5	14.2	4.4	11.3	5.9	4.4
max.	219.0	114.0	23.0	108.6	30.5	14.5	4.6	12.2	6.4	4.6
min.	193.0	90.0	21.0	87.4	27.2	13.8	4.2	10.8	5.6	4.1
6 km. NE Cd. del Maíz, San Luis Potosí
9 mean	198.7	96	22	93.4	28.1	14.0	4.4	11.2	6.0	4.5
max.	205.0	105	22	105.0	28.7	14.2	4.6	11.7	6.4	4.6
min.	187.0	90	22	85.7	27.3	13.4	4.3	10.6	5.7	4.3
11 mi. W, 8 mi. S Piedra, Tamaulipas
5 mean	201.8	101.8	22.6	101.8	28.5	14.0	4.4	11.3	6.1	4.3
max.	214.0	110.0	23.0	109.3	29.0	14.1	4.6	11.5	6.2	4.7
min.	193.0	94.0	22.0	94.9	28.2	13.9	4.2	11.0	6.0	4.1
P. boylii ambiguus La Vegonia, Tamaulipas
7 mean	199.1	101.6	21.3	104.3	26.9	13.4	4.3	10.5	5.6	4.3
max.	213.0	109.0	22.4	108.9	28.6	13.7	4.5	11.8	5.9	4.7
min.	188.0	97.0	20.0	98.0	26.4	13.2	4.2	9.5	5.3	4.1
Monterrey, Nuevo León
16 mean	199.7	103.2	21.3	106.9	27.6	13.9	4.4	10.7	5.6	4.2
max.	216.0	114.0	22.0	125.6	28.2	14.9	4.6	11.5	5.8	4.5
min.	176.0	92.0	19.0	88.0	26.8	13.2	4.1	10.2	5.0	4.0

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TAXONOMIC STATUS OF SOME MICE OF THE PEROMYSCUS BOYLII GROUP IN EASTERN MEXICO, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SUBSPECIES ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that:

• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.”
• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works.
• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work.
• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™

Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.

The Project Gutenberg eBook of Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico, With Description of a New Subspecies

University of Kansas Publications
Museum of Natural History

Volume 14, No. 7, pp. 111-120, 1 fig.
December 29, 1961

Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The
Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico,
With Description of a New Subspecies

BY
TICUL ALVAREZ

University of Kansas
Lawrence
1961

University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History

Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch,
Theodore H. Eaton, Jr.

Volume 14, No. 7, pp. 111-120, 1 fig.
Published December 29, 1961

University of Kansas
Lawrence, Kansas

PRINTED BY
JEAN M. NEIBARGER, STATE PRINTER
TOPEKA, KANSAS
1961

29-393

Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The
Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico,
With Description of a New Subspecies

BY
TICUL ALVAREZ

Transcriber's Note

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE

The Project Gutenberg eBook of Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico, With Description of a New Subspecies

University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History

Volume 14, No. 7, pp. 111-120, 1 fig. December 29, 1961

Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico, With Description of a New Subspecies

BY TICUL ALVAREZ

University of Kansas Lawrence 1961

University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History

Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch, Theodore H. Eaton, Jr.

Volume 14, No. 7, pp. 111-120, 1 fig. Published December 29, 1961

University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas

PRINTED BY JEAN M. NEIBARGER, STATE PRINTER TOPEKA, KANSAS 1961

29-393

Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico, With Description of a New Subspecies

BY TICUL ALVAREZ

Transcriber's Note

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE

University of Kansas Publications
Museum of Natural History

Volume 14, No. 7, pp. 111-120, 1 fig.
December 29, 1961

Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The
Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico,
With Description of a New Subspecies

BY
TICUL ALVAREZ

University of Kansas
Lawrence
1961

Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch,
Theodore H. Eaton, Jr.

Volume 14, No. 7, pp. 111-120, 1 fig.
Published December 29, 1961

University of Kansas
Lawrence, Kansas

PRINTED BY
JEAN M. NEIBARGER, STATE PRINTER
TOPEKA, KANSAS
1961

Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The
Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico,
With Description of a New Subspecies

BY
TICUL ALVAREZ