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Title: 狂人日記 Author: Xun Lu Release date: May 2, 2008 [eBook #25297] Language: Chinese *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 狂人日記 *** 某君昆仲,今隱其名,皆餘昔日在中學時良友;分隔多年,消息漸闕。日前偶聞其一大病;適歸故鄉,迂道往訪,則僅晤一人,言病者其弟也。勞君遠道來視,然已早愈,赴某地候補矣。因大笑,出示日記二冊,謂可見當日病狀,不妨獻諸舊友。持歸閱一過,知所患蓋『迫害狂』之類。語頗錯雜無倫次,又多荒唐之言;亦不著月日,惟墨色字體不一,知非一時所書。間亦有略具聯絡者,今撮錄一篇,以供醫家研究。記中語誤,一字不易;惟人名雖皆村人,不為世間所知,無關大體,然亦悉易去。至於書名,則本人愈後所題,不復改也。七年四月二日識。   一   今天晚上,很好的月光。   我不見他,已是三十多年;今天見了,精神分外爽快。纔知道以前的三十多年,全是發昏;然而須十分小心。不然,那趙家的狗,何以看我兩眼呢?   我怕得有理。   二   今天全沒月光,我知道不妙。早上小心出門,趙貴翁的眼色便怪:似乎怕我,似乎想害我。還有七八個人,交頭接耳的議論我,張著嘴,對我笑了一笑;我便從頭直冷到腳根,曉得他們布置,都已妥當了。   我可不怕,仍舊走我的路。前面一伙小孩子,也在那裡議論我;眼色也同趙貴翁一樣,臉色也鐵青。我想我同小孩子有什麼仇,他也這樣。忍不住大聲說,『你告訴我!』他們可就跑了。   我想:我同趙貴翁有什麼仇,同路上的人又有什麼仇;只有廿年以前,把古久先生的陳年流水簿子,踹了一腳,古久先生很不高興。趙貴翁雖然不認識他,一定也聽到風聲,代抱不平;約定路上的人,同我作冤對。但是小孩子呢?那時候,他們還沒有出世,何以今天也睜著怪眼睛,似乎怕我,似乎想害我。這真教我怕,教我納罕而且傷心。   我明白了。這是他們娘老子教的!   三   晚上總是睡不著。凡事須得研究,纔會明白。   他們——也有給知縣打枷過的,也有給紳士掌過嘴的,也有衙役佔了他妻子的,也有老子娘被債主逼死的;他們那時候的臉色,全沒有昨天這麼怕,也沒有這麼凶。   最奇怪的是昨天街上的那個女人,打他兒子,嘴裡說道,『老子呀!我要咬你幾口纔出氣!』他眼睛卻看著我。我出了一驚,遮掩不住;那青面獠牙的一伙人,便都哄笑起來。陳老五趕上前,硬把我拖回家中了。   拖我回家,家裡的人都裝作不認識我;他們的臉色,也全同別人一樣。進了書房,便反扣上門,宛然是關了一只雞鴨。這一件事,越教我猜不出底細。   前幾天,狼子村的佃戶來告荒,對我大哥說,他們村裡的一個大惡人,給大家打死了;幾個人便挖出他的心肝來,用油煎炒了吃,可以壯壯膽子。我插了一句嘴,佃戶和大哥便都看我幾眼。今天纔曉得他們的眼光,全同外面的那伙人一模一樣。   想起來,我從頂上直冷到腳跟。   他們會吃人,就未必不會吃我。   你看那女人『咬你幾口』的話,和一伙青面獠牙人的笑,和前天佃戶的話,明明是暗號。我看出他話中全是毒,笑中全是刀。他們的牙齒,全是白厲厲的排著,這就是吃人的家伙。   照我自己想,雖然不是惡人,自從踹了古家的簿子,可就難說了。他們似乎別有心思,我全猜不出。況且他們一翻臉,便說人是惡人。我還記得大哥教我做論,無論怎樣好人,翻他幾句,他便打上幾個圈;原諒壞人幾句,他便說『翻天妙手,與眾不同』。我那裡猜得到他們的心思,究竟怎樣;況且是要吃的時候。   凡事總須研究,纔會明白。古來時常吃人,我也還記得,可是不甚清楚。我翻開歷史一查,這歷史沒有年代,歪歪斜斜的每葉上都寫著『仁義道德』幾個字。我橫豎睡不著,仔細看了半夜,纔從字縫裡看出字來,滿本都寫著兩個字是『吃人』!   書上寫著這許多字,佃戶說了這許多話,卻都笑吟吟的睜著怪眼看我。   我也是人,他們想要吃我了!   四   早上,我靜坐了一會兒。陳老五送進飯來,一碗菜,一碗蒸魚;這魚的眼睛,白而且硬,張著嘴,同那一伙想吃人的人一樣。吃了幾筷,滑溜溜的不知是魚是人,便把他兜肚連腸的吐出。   我說『老五,對大哥說,我悶得慌,想到園裡走走。』老五不答應,走了;停一會,可就來開了門。   我也不動,研究他們如何擺布我;知道他們一定不肯放松。果然!我大哥引了一個老頭子,慢慢走來;他滿眼凶光,怕我看出,只是低頭向著地,從眼鏡橫邊暗暗看我。大哥說,『今天你仿佛很好。』我說『是的。』大哥說,『今天請何先生來,給你診一診。』我說『可以!』其實我豈不知道這老頭子是劊子手扮的!無非借了看脈這名目,揣一揣肥瘠:因這功勞,也分一片肉吃。我也不怕;雖然不吃人,膽子卻比他們還壯。伸出兩個拳頭,看他如何下手。老頭子坐著,閉了眼睛,摸了好一會,呆了好一會;便張開他鬼眼睛說,『不要亂想。靜靜的養幾天,就好了。』   不要亂想,靜靜的養!養肥了,他們是自然可以多吃;我有什麼好處,怎麼會『好了』?他們這群人,又想吃人,又是鬼鬼祟祟,想法子遮掩,不敢直截下手,真要令我笑死。我忍不住,便放聲大笑起來,十分快活。自己曉得這笑聲裡面,有的是義勇和正氣。老頭子和大哥,都失了色,被我這勇氣正氣鎮壓住了。   但是我有勇氣,他們便越想吃我,沾光一點這勇氣。老頭子跨出門,走不多遠,便低聲對大哥說道,『趕緊吃罷!』大哥點點頭。原來也有你!這一件大發見,雖似意外,也在意中:合伙吃我的人,便是我的哥哥!   吃人的是我哥哥!   我是吃人的人的兄弟!   我自己被人吃了,可仍然是吃人的人的兄弟! 五   這幾天是退一步想:假使那老頭子不是劊子手扮的,真是醫生,也仍然是吃人的人。他們的祖師李時珍做的『本草什麼』上,明明寫著人肉可以煎吃;他還能說自己不吃人麼?   至於我家大哥,也毫不冤枉他。他對我講書的時候,親口說過可以『易子而食』;又一回偶然議論起一個不好的人,他便說不但該殺,還當『食肉寢皮』。我那時年紀還小,心跳了好半天。前天狼子村佃戶來說吃心肝的事,他也毫不奇怪,不住的點頭。可見心思是同從前一樣狠。既然可以『易子而食』,便什麼都易得,什麼人都吃得。我從前單聽他講道理,也胡涂過去;現在曉得他講道理的時候,不但脣邊還抹著人油,而且心裡滿裝著吃人的意思。   六   黑漆漆的,不知是日是夜。趙家的狗又叫起來了。   獅子似的凶心,兔子的怯弱,狐狸的狡猾,……   七   我曉得他們的方法,直捷殺了,是不肯的,而且也不敢,怕有禍祟。所以他們大家連絡,布滿了羅網,逼我自戕。試看前幾天街上男女的樣子,和這幾天我大哥的作為,便足可悟出八九分了。最好是解下腰帶,掛在梁上,自己緊緊勒死;他們沒有殺人的罪名,又償了心願,自然都歡天喜地的發出一種嗚嗚咽咽的笑聲。否則驚嚇懮愁死了,雖則略瘦,也還可以首肯幾下。   他們是只會吃死肉的!——記得什麼書上說,有一種東西,叫『海乙那』的,眼光和樣子都很難看;時常吃死肉,連極大的骨頭,都細細嚼爛,咽下肚子去,想起來也教人害怕。『海乙那』是狼的親眷,狼是狗的本家。前天趙家的狗,看我幾眼,可見他也同謀,早已接洽。老頭子眼看著地,豈能瞞得我過。   最可憐的是我的大哥,他也是人,何以毫不害怕;而且合伙吃我呢?還是歷來慣了,不以為非呢?還是喪了良心,明知故犯呢?   我詛咒吃人的人,先從他起頭;要勸轉吃人的人,也先從他下手。   八   其實這種道理,到了現在,他們也該早已懂得,……   忽然來了一個人;年紀不過二十左右,相貌是不很看得清楚,滿面笑容,對了我點頭,他的笑也不像真笑。我便問他,『吃人的事,對麼?』他仍然笑著說,『不是荒年,怎麼會吃人。』我立刻就曉得,他也是一伙,喜歡吃人的;便自勇氣百倍,偏要問他。   『對麼?』   『這等事問他什麼。你真會……說笑話。……今天天氣很好。』   天氣是好,月色也很亮了。可是我要問你,『對麼?』   他不以為然了。含含胡胡的答道,『不……』   『不對?他們何以竟吃?!』   『沒有的事……』   『沒有的事?狼子村現吃;還有書上都寫著,通紅斬新!』   他便變了臉,鐵一般青。睜著眼說,『有許有的,這是從來如此……』   『從來如此,便對麼?』   『我不同你講這些道理;總之你不該說,你說便是你錯!』   我直跳起來,張開眼,這人便不見了。全身出了一大片汗。他的年紀,比我大哥小得遠,居然也是一伙;這一定是他娘老子先教的。還怕已經教給他兒子了;所以連小孩子,也都惡狠狠的看我。 九   自己想吃人,又怕被別人吃了,都用著疑心極深的眼光,面面相覷。……   去了這心思,放心做事走路吃飯睡覺,何等舒服。這只是一條門檻,一個關頭。他們可是父子兄弟夫婦朋友師生仇敵和各不相識的人,都結成一伙,互相勸勉,互相牽掣,死也不肯跨過這一步。   十   大清早,去尋我大哥;他立在堂門外看天,我便走到他背後,攔住門,格外沈靜,格外和氣的對他說,   『大哥,我有話告訴你。』   『你說就是,』他趕緊回過臉來,點點頭。   『我只有幾句話,可是說不出來。大哥,大約當初野蠻的人,都吃過一點人。後來因為心思不同,有的不吃人了,一味要好,便變了人,變了真的人。有的卻還吃,——也同蟲子一樣,有的變了魚鳥猴子,一直變到人。有的不要好,至今還是蟲子。這吃人的人比不吃人的人,何等慚愧。怕比蟲子的慚愧猴子,還差得很遠很遠。   『易牙蒸了他兒子,給桀紂吃,還是一直從前的事。誰曉得從盤古開闢天地以後,一直吃到易牙的兒子;從易牙的兒子,一直吃到徐錫林;從徐錫林,又一直吃到狼子村捉住的人。去年城裡殺了犯人,還有一個生癆病的人,用饅頭蘸血舐。   『他們要吃我,你一個人,原也無法可想;然而又何必去入伙。吃人的人,什麼事做不出;他們會吃我,也會吃你,一伙裡面,也會自吃。但只要轉一步,只要立刻改了,也就是人人太平。雖然從來如此,我們今天也可以格外要好,說是不能!大哥,我相信你能說,前天佃戶要減租,你說過不能。』   當初,他還只是冷笑,隨後眼光便凶狠起來,一到說破他們的隱情,那就滿臉都變成青色了。大門外立著一伙人,趙貴翁和他的狗,也在裡面,都探頭探腦的挨進來。有的是看不出面貌,似乎用布蒙著;有的是仍舊青面獠牙,抿著嘴笑。我認識他們是一伙,都是吃人的人。可是也曉得他們心思很不一樣,一種是以為從來如此,應該吃的;一種是知道不該吃,可是仍然要吃,又怕別人說破他,所以聽了我的話,越發氣憤不過,可是抿著嘴冷笑。   這時候,大哥也忽然顯出凶相,高聲喝道,   『都出去!瘋子有什麼好看!』   這時候,我又懂得一件他們的巧妙了。他們豈但不肯改,而且早已布置;預備下一個瘋子的名目罩上我。將來吃了,不但太平無事,怕還會有人見情。佃戶說的大家吃了一個惡人,正是這方法。這是他們的老譜!   陳老五也氣憤憤的直走進來。如何按得住我的口,我偏要對這伙人說,   『你們可以改了,從真心改起!要曉得將來容不得吃人的人,活在世上。   『你們要不改,自己也會吃盡。即使生得多,也會給真的人除滅了,同獵人打完狼子一樣!——同蟲子一樣!』   那一伙人,都被陳老五趕走了。大哥也不知那裡去了。陳老五勸我回屋子裡去。屋裡面全是黑沈沈的。橫梁和椽子都在頭上發抖;抖了一會,就大起來,堆在我身上。   萬分沈重,動彈不得;他的意思是要我死。我曉得他的沈重是假的,便掙紮出來,出了一身汗。可是偏要說,   『你們立刻改了,從真心改起!你們要曉得將來是容不得吃人的人,……』   十一   太陽也不出,門也不開,日日是兩頓飯。   我捏起筷子,便想起我大哥;曉得妹子死掉的緣故,也全在他。那時我妹子纔五歲,可愛可憐的樣子,還在眼前。母親哭個不住,他卻勸母親不要哭;大約因為自己吃了,哭起來不免有點過意不去。如果還能過意不去,……   妹子是被大哥吃了,母親知道沒有,我可不得而知。   母親想也知道;不過哭的時候,卻並沒有說明,大約也以為應當的了。記得我四五歲時,坐在堂前乘涼,大哥說爺娘生病,做兒子的須割下一片肉來,煮熟了請他吃,纔算好人;母親也沒有說不行。一片吃得,整個的自然也吃得。但是那天的哭法,現在想起來,實在還教人傷心,這真是奇極的事! 十二   不能想了。   四千年來時時吃人的地方,今天纔明白,我也在其中混了多年;大哥正管著家務,妹子恰恰死了,他未必不和在飯菜裡,暗暗給我們吃。   我未必無意之中,不吃了我妹子的幾片肉,現在也輪到我自己,……   有了四千年吃人履歷的我,當初雖然不知道,現在明白,難見真的人!   十三   沒有吃過人的孩子,或者還有?   救救孩子……                             一九一八年四月。   注釋   本篇最初發表於一九一八年五月《新青年》第四卷第五號。作者首次采用了『魯迅』這一筆名。它是我國現代文學史上第一篇猛烈抨擊『吃人』的封建禮教的小說。作者除在本書(《吶喊》)《自序》中提及它產生的緣由外,又在《〈中國新文學大系〉小說二集序》中指出它『意在暴露家族制度和禮教的弊害』,可以參看。   候補:清代官制,通過科舉或捐納等途徑取得官銜,但還沒有實際職務的中下級官員,由吏部抽簽分發到某部或某省,聽候委用,稱為候補。   古久先生的陳年流水簿子:這裡比喻我國封建主義統治的長久歷史。   『本草什麼』:指《本草綱目》,明代醫學家李時珍(1518—1593)的藥物學著作,共五十二卷。該書曾經提到唐代陳藏器《本草拾遺》中以人肉醫治癆的記載,並表示了異議。這裡說李時珍的書『明明寫著人肉可以煎吃』,當是『狂人』的『記中語誤』。   『易子而食』:語見《左傳》宣公十五年,是宋將華元對楚將子反敘說宋國都城被楚軍圍困時的慘狀:『敝邑易子而食,析骸而爨。』   『食肉寢皮』:語出《左傳》襄公二十一年,晉國州綽對齊莊公說:『然二子者,譬於禽獸,臣食其肉而寢處其皮矣。』(按:『二子』指齊國的殖綽和郭最,他們曾被州綽俘虜過。)   『海乙那』:英語hyena的音譯,即鬣狗(又名土狼),一種食肉獸,常跟在獅虎等猛獸之後,以它們吃剩的獸類的殘屍為食。   易牙:春秋時齊國人,善於調味。據《管子·小稱》:『夫易牙以調和事公(按:指齊桓公),公曰「惟蒸嬰兒之未嘗」,於是蒸其首子而獻之公。』桀、紂各為我國夏朝和商朝的最後一代君主,易牙和他們不是同時代人。這裡說的『易牙蒸了他兒子,給桀紂吃』,也是『狂人』『語頗錯雜無倫次』的表現。   徐錫林:隱指徐錫麟(1873—1907),字伯蓀,浙江紹興人,清末革命團體光復會的重要成員。一九○七年與秋瑾准備在浙、皖兩省同時起義。七月六日,他以安徽巡警處會辦兼巡警學堂監督身份為掩護,乘學堂舉行畢業典禮之機刺死安徽巡撫恩銘,率領學生攻佔軍械局,彈盡被捕,當日慘遭殺害,心肝被恩銘的衛隊挖出炒食。指『割股療親』,即割取自己的股肉煎藥,以醫治父母的重病。這是封建社會的一種愚孝行為。《宋史·選舉志一》:『上以孝取人,則勇者割股,怯者廬墓。』 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 狂人日記 *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. 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