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Plainfield, N.J. *The Project Gutenberg Etext of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary* <-- Begin file 2 of 10: Version 0.4 of An electronic field-marked version of: Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary This version is copyrighted (C) 1996 by MICRA, Inc. of Plainfield, NJ. This electronic version may be used freely for personal use or for research, and may be freely distributed provided that the entire set of files are copied, and the headers and copyright notices are not deleted. The inclusion of more than one per cent of the text of this dictionary in a product for sale requires the express written permission of MICRA Inc. Sale of entire copies, including all headers and copyright notices, will not be considered a violation of this provision, if the sale price is not more than twice the cost of distribution. This version is only a first typing, and has numerous typographic errors, including errors in the field-marks. Assistance in bringing this dictionary to a more accurate and useful state will greatly appreciated. This electronic dictionary is made available as a potential starting point for development of a modern comprehensive encyclopedic dictionary, by the efforts of all individuals willing to help build a large and freely available knowledge base. Anyone willing to assist in any way in constructing such a knowledge base should contact: Patrick Cassidy cassidy@micra.com 735 Belvidere Ave. Ofice: (908)668-5252 Plainfield, NJ 07062 (908) 561-3416 --> <-- p. 199 --> C. C. ( 1. C is the third letter of the English alphabet. It is from the Latin letter C, which in old Latin represented the sounds of k, and g (in go); its original value being the latter. In Anglo-Saxon words, or Old English before the Norman Conquest, it always has the sound of k. The Latin C was the same letter as the Greek got it from the Phoenicians. The English name of C is from the Latin name ce, and was derived, probably, through the French. Etymologically C is related to g, h, k, q, s (and other sibilant sounds). Examples of these relations are in L. acutus, E. acute, ague; E. acrid, eagar; L. cornu, E. horn; E. cat, kitten; E. coy, quiet; L. circare, OF. cerchier, E. search. See Guide to Pronunciation, \'c5\'c5 221-228. 2. (Mus.) (a) The keynote of the normal or \'bdnatural\'b8 scale, which has neither flats nor sharps in its signature; also, the third note of the relative minor scale of the same (b) C after the clef is the mark of common time, in which each measure is a semibreve (four fourths or crotchets); for alla breve time it is written (c) The \'bdC clef,\'b8 a modification of the letter C, placed on any line of the staff, abows that line to be middle C. 3. As a numeral, C stands for Latin centum or 100, CC for 200, etc. C spring, a spring in the form of the letter C. \'d8Ca*a"ba (?), n. [Ar. ka'ban, let, a square building, fr. ka'b cube] The small and nearly cubical stone building, toward which all Mohammedans must pray. [Written also kaaba.] Caaba is situated in Mecca, a city of Arabia, and contains a famous black stone said to have been brought from heaven. Before the time of Mohammed, the Caaba was an idolatrous temple, but it has since been the chief sanctuary and object of pilgrimage of the Mohammedan world. Caas (?), n. sing. & pl. Case. [Obs.] Chaucer. Cab (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. cabriolet.] 1. A kind of close carriage with two or four wheels, usually a public vehicle. \'bdA cab came clattering up.\'b8 Thackeray. cab may have two seats at right to the driver's seat, and a door behind; or one seat parallel to the driver's, with the entrance from the side or front. Hansom cab. See Hansom. 2. The covered part of a locomotive, in which the engineer has his station. Knight. Cab (?), n. [Heb. gab, fr. q\'bebab to hollow.] A Hebrew dry measure, containing a little over two (2.37) pints. W. H. Ward. 2 Kings vi. 25. Ca*bal" (?), n. [F. cabale cabal, cabala LL. cabala cabala, fr. Heb. qabb\'bel\'c7h reception, tradition, mysterious doctrine, fr. q\'bebal to take or receive, in Pi\'89l qibbel to abopt (a doctrine).] 1. Tradition; occult doctrine. See Cabala [Obs.] Hakewill. 2. A secret. [Obs.] \'bdThe measuring of the temple, a cabal found out but lately.\'b8 B. Jonson. 3. A number of persons united in some close design, usually to promote their private views and interests in church or state by intrigue; a secret association composed of a few designing persons; a junto. It so happend, by a whimsical coincidence, that in 1671 the cabinet consisted of five persons, the initial letters of whose names made up the word cabal; Clifford, Arlington, Buckingham, Ashley, and Lauderdale. Macaulay. 4. The secret artifices or machinations of a few persons united in a close design; in intrigue. By cursed cabals of women. Dryden. Syn. - Junto; intrigue; plot; combination; conspiracy. -- Cabal, Combination, Faction. An association for some purpose considered to be bad is the idea common to these terms. A combination is an organized union of individuals for mutual support, in urging their demands or resisting the claims of others, and may be good or bad according to circumstances; as, a combiniation of workmen or of employers to effect or to prevent a chang in prices. A cabal is a secret association of a few individuals who seek by cunning practices to obtain office and power. A faction is a larger body than a cabal, employed for selfish purposes in agitating the community and working up an excitement with a view to change the existing order of things. \'bdSelfishness, insubordination, and laxity of morals give rise to combinations, which belong particularly to the lower orders of society. Restless, jealous, ambitious, and little minds are ever forming cabals. Factions belong especially to free governments, and are raised by busy and turbulent spirits for selfish porposes\'b8. Crabb. Ca*bal", v. i. [int. & p. p./pos> Caballed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Caballing]. [Cf. F. cabaler.] To unite in a small party to promote private views and interests by intrigue; to intrigue; to plot. Caballing still against it with the great. Dryden. Cab"a*la (?), n. [LL. See Cabal, n.] 1. A kind of occult theosophy or traditional interpretation of the Scriptures among Jewish rabbis and certain medi\'91val Christians, which treats of the nature of god and the mystery of human existence. It assumed that every letter, word, number, and accent of Scripture contains a hidden sense; and it teaches the methods of interpretation for ascertaining these occult meanings. The cabalists pretend even to foretell events by this means. 2. Secret science in general; mystic art; mystery. Cab"a*lism (?), n. [Cf. F. cabalisme.] 1. The secret science of the cabalists. 2. A superstitious devotion to the mysteries of the religion which one professes. [R] Emerson. Cab"a*list (?), n. [Cf.F. cabaliste.] One versed in the cabala, or the mysteries of Jewish traditions. \'bdStudious cabalists.\'b8 Swift. { Cab`a*lis"tic (?), Cab`a*lis"tic*al (?) } a. Of or pertaining to the cabala; containing or conveying an occult meaning; mystic. The Heptarchus is a cabalistic of the first chapter of Genesis. Hallam. Caba`a*lis"tic*al*ly, adv. In a cabalistic manner. Cab"a*lize (?), v. i. [Cf.F. cabaliser.] To use cabalistic language. [R] Dr. H. More. Ca*bal"ler (?), n. One who cabals. A close caballer and tongue-valiant lord. Dryden. Cab"al*line (?), a. [L.caballinus, fr. caballus a nag. Cf. Cavalier.] Of or pertaining to a horse. -- n. Caballine aloes. Caballine aloes, an inferior and impure kind of aloes formerly used in veterinary practice; -- called also horse aloes. -- Caballine spring, the fountain of Hippocrene, on Mount Helicon; -- fabled to have been formed by a stroke from the foot of the winged horse Pegasus. Cab"a*ret (?), n. [F.] A tavern; a house where liquors are retailed. [Obs. as an English word.] \'d8Ca*bas" (?), n. [F.] A flat basket or frail for figs, etc.; Hence, a lady's flat workbasket, reticule, or hand bag; -- often written caba. C. Bront\'82. \'d8Ca*bas"son (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A speciec of armadillo of the genus Xenurus (X. unicinctus and X. hispidus); the tatouay. [Written also Kabassou.] Cab"bage (?), n. [OE. cabage, fr. F. cabus headed (of cabbages), chou cobus headed cabbage, cabbage head; cf. It. capuccio a little head, cappuccio cowl, hood, cabbage, fr. capo head, L. caput, or fr. It. cappa cape. See Chiff, Cape.] (Bot.) 1. An esculent vegetable of many varieties, derived from the wild Brassica oleracea of Europe. The common cabbage has a compact head of leaves. The cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, etc., are sometimes classed as cabbages. 2. The terminal bud of certain palm trees, used, like, cabbage, for food. See Cabbage tree, below. 3. The cabbage palmetto. See below. Cabbage aphis (Zo\'94l.), a green plant-louse (Aphis brassic\'91) which lives upon the leaves of the cabbage. -- Cabbage Beetle (Zo\'94l.), a small, striped flea-beetle (Phyllotreta vittata) which lives, in the larval state, on the roots, and when adult, on the leaves, of cabbage and other cruciferous plants. -- Cabbage butterfly (Zo\'94l.), a white butterfly (Pieris rap\'91 of both Europe and America, and the Allied P. oleracea, a native American species) which, in the larval state, devours the leaves of the cabbage and the turnip. See Cabbage worm, below. -- Cabbage Fly (Zo\'94l.), a small two-winged fly (Anthomyia brassic\'91), which feeds, in the larval or maggot state, on the roots of the cabbage, often doing much damage to the crop. -- Cabbage head, the compact head formed by the leaves of a cabbage; -- contemptuously or humorously, and colloquially, a very stupid and silly person; a numskull. -- Cabbage palmetto, a species of palm tree (Sabal Palmetto) found along the coast from North Carolina to Florida. -- Cabbage rose (Bot.), a species of rose (Rosa centifolia) having large and heavy blossoms. -- Cabbage tree, Cabbage palm, a name given to palms having a terminal bud called a cabbage, as the Sabal Palmetto of the United States, and the Euterpe oleracea and Oreodoxa oleracea of the West Indies. -- Cabbage worm (Zo\'94l.), the larva of several species of moths and butterfies, which attacks cabbages. The most common is usully the larva of a white butterfly. See Cabbage Butterfly, above. The cabbage cutworms, which eat off the stalks or young plants during the night, are the larv\'91 of several species of moths, of the genus Agrotis. See Cutworm. -- Sea cabbage.(Bot.) (a) Sea kale (b). The original Plant (Brassica oleracea), from which the cabbage, cauliflower, , broccoli, etc., have been derived by cultivation. -- Thousand-headed cabbage. See Brussels sprouts. Cab"bage, v. i. To form a head like that the cabbage; as, to make lettuce cabbage. Johnson. Cab"bage, v. i. [imp. & p.p Cabbaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Cabbaging (.] [F.cabasser, fr. OF. cabas theft; cf. F. cabas basket, and OF. cabuser to cheat.] To purloin or embezzle, as the pieces of cloth remaining after cutting out a garment; to pilfer. Your tailor . . . cabbages whole yards of cloth. Arbuthnot. Cab"bage, n. Cloth or clippings cabbaged or purloined by one who cuts out garments. Cab"bler (?), n. One who works at cabbling. Cab"bling (?), n. (Metal) The process of breaking up the flat masses into which wrought iron is first hammered, in order that the pieces may be reheated and wrought into bar iron. { \'d8Ca*be"\'87a, \'d8Ca*besse" (?), } n. [Pg. cabe\'87a, F. cabesse.] The finest kind of silk received from India. \'d8Ca"ber (?), n. [Gael] A pole or beam used in Scottish games for tossing as a trial of strength. Cab`e*zon" (?), n. [Sp., properly, big head. Cf. Cavesson.] (Zo\'94l.) A California fish (Hemilepidotus spinosus), allied to the sculpin. Cab"i*ai (?), n. [Native South American name.] (Zo\'94l.) The capybara. See Capybara. Cab"in (?), n. [OF. caban, fr. W. caban booth, cabin, dim. of cab cot, tent; or fr. F. cabane, cabine, LL. cabanna, perh. from the Celtic.] 1. A cottage or small house; a hut. Swift. A hunting cabin in the west. E. Everett. 2. A small room; an inclosed place. So long in secret cabin there he held Her captive. Spenser. 3. A room in ship for officers or passengers. Cabin boy, a boy whose duty is wait on the officers and passengers in the cabin of a ship. Cab"in v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cabined (-?nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Cabining.] To live in, or as in, a cabin; to lodge. I'll make you . . . cabin in a cave. Shak. Cab"in, v. t. To confine in, or as in, a cabin. I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in To saucy doubts and fears. Shak. Cab"i*net (?), n. [F., dim. of cabine or cabane. See Cabin, n.] 1. A hut; a cottage; a small house. [Obs.] Hearken a while from thy green cabinet, The rural song of careful Colinet. Spenser. 2. A small room, or retired apartment; a closet. 3. A private room in which consultations are held. Philip passed some hours every day in his father's cabinet. Prescott. 4. The advisory council of the chief executive officer of a nation; a cabinet council. cabinet or cabinet council consists of those privy coucilors who actually transact the immediate business of the government. Mozley & W. -- In the United States, the cabinet is composed of the heads of the executive departments of the government, namely, the Secretary of State, of the Treasury, of War, of the Navy, of the Interior, and of Agiculture, the Postmaster-general ,and the Attorney-general. 5. (a) A set of drawers or a cupboard intended to contain articles of value. Hence: (b) A decorative piece of furniture, whether open like an \'82tag\'8are or closed with doors. See Etagere. 6. Any building or room set apart for the safe keeping and exhibition of works of art, etc.; also, the collection itself. Cabinet council. (a) Same as Cabinet, n., 4 (of which body it was formerly the full title). (b) A meeting of the cabinet. -- Cabinet councilor, a member of a cabinet council. -- Cabinet photograph, a photograph of a size smaller than an imperial, though larger than a carte de visite. -- Cabinet picture, a small and generally highly finished picture, suitable for a small room and for close inspection. Cab"i*net, a. Suitable for a cabinet; small. He [Varnhagen von Ense] is a walking cabinet edition of Goethe. For. Quar. Rev. Cab"i*net, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cabineted; p. pr. & vb. n. Cabineting.] To inclose [R.] Hewyt. Cab"i*net*mak`er (?), n. One whose occupation is to make cabinets or other choice articles of household furniture, as tables, bedsteads, bureaus, etc. Cab"i*net*mak`ing, n. The art or occupation of making the finer articles of household furniture. Cab"i*net*work` (?), n. The art or occupation of working upon wooden furniture requiring nice workmanship; also, such furniture. Cab`i*re"an (?),n.One of the Cabiri. \'d8Cab*bi"ri (?), n. pl. [ NL., fr. Gr. Ka`beiroi.] (Myth.) Certain deities originally worshiped with mystical rites by the Pelasgians in Lemnos and Samothrace and afterwards throughout Greece; -- also called sons of Heph\'91stus (or Vulcan), as being masters of the art of working metals. [Written also Cabeiri.] Liddell & Scott. Ca*bir"i*an (?), a. Same as Cabiric. Ca*bir"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. Cabirique] Of or pertaining to the Cabiri, or to their mystical worship. [Written also Cabiritic.] Ca"ble (?), n. [F. C\'83ble,m LL. capulum, caplum, a rope, fr. L. capere to take; cf. D., Dan., & G. rabel, from the French. See Capable.] 1. A large, strong rope or chain, of considerable length, used to retain a vessel at anchor, and for other purposes. It is made of hemp, of steel wire, or of iron links. 2. A rope of steel wire, or copper wire, usually covered with some protecting, or insulating substance; as, the cable of a suspension bridge; a telegraphic cable. 3. (Arch) A molding, shaft of a column, or any other member of convex, rounded section, made to resemble the spiral twist of a rope; -- called also cable molding. Bower cable, the cable belonging to the bower anchor. -- Cable road, a railway on which the cars are moved by a continuously running endless rope operated by a stationary motor. -- Cable's length, the length of a ship's cable. Cables in the merchant service vary in length from 100 to 140 fathoms or more; but as a maritime measure, a cable's length is either 120 fathoms (720 feet), or about 100 fathoms (600 feet, an approximation to one tenth of a nautical mile). -- Cable tier. (a) That part of a vessel where the cables are stowed. (b) A coil of a cable. -- Sheet cable, the cable belonging to the sheet anchor. -- Stream cable, a hawser or rope, smaller than the bower cables, to moor a ship in a place sheltered from wind and heavy seas. -- Submarine cable. See Telegraph. -- To pay out the cable, To veer out the cable, to slacken it, that it may run out of the ship; to let more cable run out of the hawse hole. -- To serve the cable, to bind it round with ropes, canvas, etc., to prevent its being, worn or galled in the hawse, et. -- To slip the cable, to let go the end on board and let it all run out and go overboard, as when there is not time to weigh anchor. Hence, in sailor's use, to die. <-- p. 200 --> <-- p. 200 --> Ca"ble (?), v. t. 1. To fasten with a cable. 2. (Arch.) To ornament with cabling. See Cabling. Ca"ble, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Cabled (-b'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Cabling (-bl\'ceng).] To telegraph by a submarine cable [Recent] Ca"bled (?), a. 1. Fastened with, or attached to, a cable or rope. \'bdThe cabled stone.\'b8 Dyer. 2. (Arch.) Adorned with cabling. Ca"ble*gram` (?), n. [Cable, n. + Gr. A message sent by a submarine telegraphic cable. [A recent hybrid, sometimes found in the newspapers.] Ca"ble*laid` (?), a. 1. (Naut.) Composed of three three-stranded ropes, or hawsers, twisted together to form a cable. 2. Twisted after the manner of a cable; as, a cable-laid gold chain. Simmonds. Ca"blet (?), n. [Dim. of cable; cf. F. c\'83blot.] A little cable less than ten inches in circumference. Ca"bling (?), n. (Arch.) The decoration of a fluted shaft of a column or of a pilaster with reeds, or rounded moldings, which seem to be laid in the hollows of the fluting. These are limited in length to about one third of the height of the shaft. Cab"man (?), n.; pl. Cabmen (. The driver of a cab. Ca*bob" (?), n. [Hindi kab\'beb] 1. A small piece of mutton or other meat roasted on a skewer; -- so called in Turkey and Persia. 2. A leg of mutton roasted, stuffed with white herrings and sweet herbs. Wright. Ca*bob", v. t. To roast, as a cabob. Sir. T. Herbert. Ca*boched" (?), a. [F. caboche head. Cf. lst Cabbage.] (Her.) Showing the full face, but nothing of the neck; -- said of the head of a beast in armorial bearing. [Written also caboshed.] Ca*boo"dle (?), n. The whole collection; the entire quantity or number; -- usually in the phrase the whole caboodle. [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett. Ca*boose" (?), n. [Cf. D. kabuis, kombuis, Dan. kabys, Sw. kabysa, G. kabuse a little room or hut. The First part of the word seems to be allied to W. cab cabin, booth. Cf. Cabin.] [Written also camboose.] 1. (Naut.) A house on deck, where the cooking is done; -- commonly called the galley. 2. (Railroad) A car used on freight or construction trains for brakemen, workmen, etc.; a tool car. [U. S.] Cab"o*tage (?), n. [F. cabotage, fr. caboter to sail along the coast; cf. Sp. cabo cape.] (Naut.) Navigation along the coast; the details of coast pilotage. \'d8Ca*br\'82e" (?), n. [French Canadian.] (Zo\'94l.) The pronghorn antelope. [Also written cabrit, cabret.] Ca*brer"ite (?), n. (Min.) An apple-green mineral, a hydrous arseniate of nickel, cobalt, and magnesia; -- so named from the Sierra Cabrera, Spain. \'d8Ca*bril"la (?), n. [Sp., prawn.] (Zo\'94l) A name applied to various species of edible fishes of the genus Serranus, and related genera, inhabiting the Meditarranean, the coast of California, etc. In California, some of them are also called rock bass and kelp salmon. Cab"ri*ole (?), n. [F. See Cabriolet, and cf. Capriole.] (Man.) A curvet; a leap. See Capriole. The cabrioles which his charger exhibited. Sir W. Scott. Cab`ri*o*let" (?), n.[F., dim. of cabriole a leap, caper, from It. capriola, fr. dim. of L. caper he-goat, capra she-goat. This carriage is so called from its skipping lightness. Cf. Cab, Caper a leap.] A one-horse carriage with two seats and a calash top. Ca*brit" (?), n. Same as Cabr\'82e. Cab"urn (?), n. [Cf. Cable, n.] (Naut.) A small line made of spun yarn, to bind or worm cables, seize tackles, etc. {\'d8Ca*c\'91"mi*a (?), \'d8Ca*ch\'91"mi*a} n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A degenerated or poisoned condition of the blood. Ca*ca"ine (?), n. (Chem.) The essential principle of cacao; -- now called theobromine. \'d8Ca*ca*j\'eeo" (?), n. [Pg.] (Zo\'94l) A South American short-tailed monkey (Pithecia (. [Written also cacajo.] Ca*ca"o (?), n. [Sp., fr. Mex. kakahuatl. Cf. Cocoa, Chocolate] (Bot.) A small evergreen tree (Theobroma Cacao) of South America and the West Indies. Its fruit contains an edible pulp, inclosing seeds about the size of an almond, from which cocoa, chocolate, and broma are prepared. Cach"a*lot (?), n. [F. cachalot.] (Zo\'94l.) The sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus). It has in the top of its head a large cavity, containing an oily fluid, which, after death, concretes into a whitish crystalline substance called spermaceti. See Sperm whale. \'d8Cache (?), n. [F., a hiding place, fr. cacher to conceal, to hide.] A hole in the ground, or hiding place, for concealing and preserving provisions which it is inconvenient to carry. Kane. { Ca*chec"tic (?), Ca*chec"tic*al (?), } a. [L. cachecticus, Gr. cachectique.] Having, or pertaining to, cachexia; as, cachectic remedies; cachectical blood. Arbuthnot. \'d8Cache`pot" (k, n. [F., fr. cacher to hide + pot a pot.] An ornamental casing for a flowerpot, of porcelain, metal, paper, etc. \'d8Cach"et (?), n. [F. fr. cacher to hide.] A seal, as of a letter. Lettre de cachet [F.], a sealed letter, especially a letter or missive emanating from the sovereign; -- much used in France before the Revolution as an arbitrary order of imprisonment. { \'d8Ca*chex"i*a (?), Ca*chex"y (?) }, n. [L. cachexia, Gr. A condition of ill health and impairment of nutrition due to impoverishment of the blood, esp. when caused by a specific morbid process (as cancer or tubercle). Cach`in*na"tion (?), n. [L. cachinnatio, fr. cachinnare to laugh aloud, cf Gr. Loud or immoderate laughter; -- often a symptom of hysterical or maniacal affections. Hideous grimaces . . . attended this unusual cachinnation. Sir W. Scott. Ca*chin"na*to*ry (?), a. Consisting of, or accompanied by, immoderate laughter. Cachinnatory buzzes of approval. Carlyle. \'d8Ca*chi"ri (?), n. A fermented liquor made in Cayenne from the grated root of the manioc, and resembling perry. Dunglison. Cach"o*long (?), n, [F. cacholong, said to be from Cach, the name of a river in Bucharia + cholon, a Calmuck word for stone; or fr. a Calmuck word meaning \'bdbeautiful stone\'b8] (Min.) An opaque or milk-white chalcedony, a variety of quartz; also, a similar variety of opal. Ca`chou" (?), n. [F. See Cashoo.] A silvered aromatic pill, used to correct the odor of the breath. \'d8Ca*chu"cha (?), n. [Sp.] An Andalusian dance in three-four time, resembing the bolero. [Sometimes in English spelled cachuca (.] The orchestra plays the cachucha. Logfellow. \'d8Ca*chun"de (?), n. [Sp.] (Med.) A pastil or troche, composed of various aromatic and other ingredients, highly celebrated in India as an antidote, and as a stomachic and antispasmodic. \'d8Ca*cique" (?), n. [Sp.] See Cazique. Cack (?), v. i. [OE. cakken, fr. L. cacare; akin to Gr. cac.] To ease the body by stool; to go to stool. Pope. Cack"er*el (?), n. [OF. caquerel cagarel (Cotgr.), from the root of E. cack.] (Zo\'94l.) The mendole; a small worthless Mediterranean fish considered poisonous by the ancients. See Mendole. Cac"kle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cackled (-k'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Cackling (?).] [OE. cakelen; cf. LG. kakeln, D. kakelen, G. gackeln, gackern; all of imitative origin. Cf. Gagle, Cake to cackle.] 1. To make a sharp, broken noise or cry, as a hen or goose does. When every goose is cackling. Shak. 2. To laugh with a broken noise, like the cackling of a hen or a goose; to giggle. Arbuthnot. 3. To talk in a silly manner; to prattle. Johnson. Cac"kle (?), n. 1. The sharp broken noise made by a goose or by a hen that has laid an egg. By her cackle saved the state. Dryden. 2. Idle talk; silly prattle. There is a buzz and cackle all around regarding the sermon. Thackeray. Cac"kler (?), n. 1. A fowl that cackles. 2. One who prattles, or tells tales; a tattler. Cac"kling, n. The broken noise of a goose or a hen. { \'d8Cac`o*chym"i*a (?), Cac"o*chym`y (?), } n. [NL. cacochymia, fr. Gr. cacochymie.] (Med.) A vitiated state of the humors, or fluids, of the body, especially of the blood. Dunglison. { Cac`o*chym"ic (?), Cac`o*chym"ic*al (?), } a. Having the fluids of the body vitiated, especially the blood. Wiseman. Cac`o*de"mon (?), n. [Gr. cacod\'82mon.] 1. An evil spirit; a devil or demon. Shak. 2. (Med.) The nightmare. Dunaglison. Cac`o*dox"ic*al (?), a. Heretical. Cac"o*dox`y (?), n. [Gr. Erroneous doctrine; heresy; heterodoxy. [R.] Heterodoxy, or what Luther calls cacodoxy. R. Turnbull. Cac"o*dyl (?), n. [Gr. -yl.] (Chem.) Alkarsin; a colorless, poisonous, arsenical liquid, As2(CH3)4, spontaneously inflammable and possessing an intensely disagreeable odor. It is the type of a series of compounds analogous to the nitrogen compounds called hydrazines. [Written also cacodyle, and kakodyl.] Cac`o*dyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, cacodyl. Cacodylic acid, a white, crystalline, deliquescent substance, (CH3)2AsO.OH, obtained by the oxidation of cacodyl, and having the properties of an exceedingly stable acid; -- also called alkargen. <-- # error in original formula corrected! --> \'d8Cac`o*\'89"thes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. 1. A bad custom or habit; an insatiable desire; as, caco\'89thes scribendi, \'bdThe itch for writing\'b8. Addison. 2. (Med.) A bad quality or disposition in a disease; an incurable ulcer. Cac`o*gas"tric (?), a. [Gr. Troubled with bad digestion. [R.] Carlyle. Cac`o*graph`ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, cacography; badly written or spelled. Ca*cog`ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy; cf. F. cacographie.] Incorrect or bad writing or spelling. Walpole. \'d8Ca`co*let" (?), n. [F.] A chair, litter, or other contrivance fitted to the back or pack saddle of a mule for carrying travelers in mountainous districts, or for the transportation of the sick and wounded of an army. Ca*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. cacologie.] Bad speaking; bad choice or use of words. Buchanan. { \'d8Ca`co*mix"le (?), Ca`co*mix"tle (?), Ca"co*mix`l (?) }, n. [Mexican name.] A North American carnivore (Bassaris astuta), about the size of a cat, related to the raccoons. It inhabits Mexico, Texas, and California. Ca*coon" (?), n. One of the seeds or large beans of a tropical vine (Entada scandens) used for making purses, scent bottles, etc. { Cac`o*phon"ic (?), Cac`o*phon"ic*al (?), Ca*coph"o*nous (?), Cac`o*pho"ni*ous (?) }, a. Harsh-sounding. Ca*coph"o*ny (?), n.; pl. Cacophonies (#). [Gr. Cacophonie.] 1. (Rhet.) An uncouth or disagreable sound of words, owing to the concurrence of harsh letters or syllables. \'bdCacophonies of all kinds.\'b8 Pope. 2. (Mus.) A combination of discordant sounds. 3. (Med.) An unhealthy state of the voice. Cac"o*tech`ny (?), n. [Gr. A corruption or corrupt state of art. [R.] { Ca*cox"ene (?), Ca*cox"e*nite (?) }, n. [Gr. (Min.) A hydrous phosphate of iron occurring in yellow radiated tufts. The phosphorus seriously injures it as an iron ore. Cac*ta"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to, or like, the family of plants of which the prickly pear is a common example. Cac"tus (?), n. ; pl. E. Cactuses (#), Cacti (-t\'c6). [L., a kind of cactus, Gr. (Bot.) Any plant of the order Cactac\'91, as the prickly pear and the night-blooming cereus. See Cereus. They usually have leafless stems and branches, often beset with clustered thorns, and are mostly natives of the warmer parts of America. Cactus wren (Zo\'94l.), an American wren of the genus Campylorhynchus, of several species. Ca*cu"mi*nal (?), a. [L. cacumen, cacuminis, the top, point.] (Philol.) Pertaining to the top of the palate; cerebral; -- applied to certain consonants; as, cacuminal (or cerebral) letters. Ca*cu"mi*nate (?), v. i. [L. cacuminatus, p. p. of cacuminare to point, fr. cacumen point.] To make sharp or pointed. [Obs.] Cad (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. cadet.] 1. A person who stands at the door of an omnibus to open and shut it, and to receive fares; an idle hanger-on about innyards. [Eng.] Dickens. 2. A lowbred, presuming person; a mean, vulgar fellow. [Cant] Thackeray. Ca*das"tral (?), a. [F.] Of or pertaining to landed property. Cadastral survey, Cadastral map, a survey, map, or plan on a large scale (Usually topographical map, which exaggerates the dimensions of houses and the breadth of roads and streams, for the sake of distinctness. Brande & C. { \'d8Ca*das"tre, Ca*das"ter } (?), n. [f. cadastre.] (Law.) An official statement of the quantity and value of real estate for the purpose of apportioning the taxes payable on such property. <-- p. 201 --> \'d8Ca*da"ver (?), n. [L., fr cadere to fall.] A dead human body; a corpse. Ca*dav"er*ic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a corpse, or the changes produced by death; cadaverous; as, cadaveric rigidity. Dunglison. Cadaveric alkaloid, an alkaloid generated by the processes of decomposition in dead animal bodies, and thought by some to be the cause of the poisonous effects produced by the bodies. See Ptomaine. Ca*dav"er*ous (?), a. [L. cadaverosus.] 1. Having the appearance or color of a dead human body; pale; ghastly; as, a cadaverous look. 2. Of or pertaining to, or having the qualities of, a dead body. \'bdThe scent cadaverous.\'b8 -- Ca*dav"er*ous*ly, adv. -- Ca*dav"er*ous*ness, n. Cad"bait` (?), n. [Prov. E. codbait, cadbote fly.] (Zo\'94l.) See Caddice. { Cad"dice, Cad"dis } (?), n. [Prov. E. caddy, cadew; cf. G. k\'94der bait.] (Zo\'94l.) The larva of a caddice fly. These larv\'91 generally live in cylindrical cases, open at each end, and covered externally with pieces of broken shells, gravel, bits of wood, etc. They are a favorite bait with anglers. Called also caddice worm, or caddis worm. Caddice fly (Zo\'94l.), a species of trichopterous insect, whose larva is the caddice. Cad"dis, n. [OE. caddas, Scot. caddis lint, caddes a kind of woolen cloth, cf. Gael. cada, cadadh, a kind of cloth, cotton, fustian, W. cadas, F. cadis.] A kind of worsted lace or ribbon. \'bdCaddises, cambrics, lawns.\'b8 Shak. Cad"dish (?), a. Like a cad; lowbred and presuming. Cad"dow (?), n. [OE. cadawe, prob. fr. ca chough + daw jackdaw; cf. Gael. cadhag, cathag. Cf. Chough, Daw, n.] (Zo\'94l.) A jackdaw. [Prov. Eng.] Cad"dy (?), n.; pl. Caddies (#). [Earlier spelt catty, fr. Malay kat\'c6 a weight of 1\'a7 pounds. Cf. Catty.] A small box, can, or chest to keep tea in. Cade (?), a. [Cf. OE. cad, kod, lamb, also Cosset, Coddle.] Bred by hand; domesticated; petted. He brought his cade lamb with him. Sheldon. Cade, v. t. To bring up or nourish by hand, or with tenderness; to coddle; to tame. [Obs.] Johnson. Cade, n. [L. cadus jar, Gr. A barrel or cask, as of fish. \'bdA cade of herrings.\'b8 Shak. A cade of herrings is 500, of sprats 1,000. Jacob, Law Dict. Cade, n. [F. & Pr.; LL. cada.] A species of juniper (Juniperus Oxycedrus) of Mediterranean countries. Oil of cade, a thick, black, tarry liquid, obtained by destructive distillation of the inner wood of the cade. It is used as a local application in skin diseases. Ca"dence (?), n. [OE. cadence, cadens, LL. cadentia a falling, fr. L. cadere to fall; cf. F. cadence, It. cadenza. See Chance.] 1. The act or state of declining or sinking. [Obs.] Now was the sun in western cadence low. Milton. 2. A fall of the voice in reading or speaking, especially at the end of a sentence. 3. A rhythmical modulation of the voice or of any sound; as, music of bells in cadence sweet. Blustering winds, which all night long Had roused the sea, now with hoarse cadence lull Seafaring men o'erwatched. Milton. The accents . . . were in passion's tenderest cadence. Sir W. Scott. 4. Rhythmical flow of language, in prose or verse. Golden cadence of poesy. Shak. If in any composition much attention was paid to the flow of the rhythm, it was said (at least in the 14th and 15th centuries) to be \'bdprosed in faire cadence.\'b8 Dr. Guest. 5. (Her.) See Cadency. 6. (Man.) Harmony and proportion in motions, as of a well-managed horse. 7. (Mil.) A uniform time and place in marching. 8. (Mus.) (a) The close or fall of a strain; the point of rest, commonly reached by the immediate succession of the tonic to the dominant chord. (b) A cadenza, or closing embellishment; a pause before the end of a strain, which the performer may fill with a flight of fancy. Imperfect cadence. (Mus.) See under Imperfect. Ca"dence, v. t. To regulate by musical measure. These parting numbers, cadenced by my grief. Philips. Ca"den*cy (?), n. Descent of related families; distinction between the members of a family according to their ages. Marks of cadency (Her.), bearings indicating the position of the bearer as older or younger son, or as a descendant of an older or younger son. See Difference (Her.). Ca*dene" (?), n. [Cf. F. cad\'8ane.] A species of inferior carpet imported from the Levant. McElrath. Ca"dent (?), a. [L. cadens, -entis, p. pr. of cadere to fall.] Falling. [R.] \'bdCadent tears.\'b8 Shak. Ca*den"za (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) A parenthetic flourish or flight of ornament in the course of a piece, commonly just before the final cadence. Ca"der (?), n. See Cadre. Ca*det" (?), n. [F. cadet a younger or the youngest son or brother, dim. fr. L. caput head; i. e., a smaller head of the family, after the first or eldest. See Chief, and cf. Cad.] 1. The younger of two brothers; a younger brother or son; the youngest son. The cadet of an ancient and noble family. Wood. 2. (Mil.) (a) A gentleman who carries arms in a regiment, as a volunteer, with a view of acquiring military skill and obtaining a commission. (b) A young man in training for military or naval service; esp. a pupil in a military or naval school, as at West Point, Annapolis, or Woolwich. Naval cadets. The distinction between Cadet midshipmen and Cadet engineers was abolished by Act of Congress in 1882. Ca*det"ship (?), n. The position, rank, or commission of a cadet; as, to get a cadetship. { Ca*dew" (?), Cade"worm` (?), } n. A caddice. See Caddice. Cadge (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Cadged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Cadging.] [Cf. Scot. cache, caich, cadge, to toss, drive, OE. cachen to drive, catch, caggen to bind, or perh. E. cage. Cf. Cadger.] 1. To carry, as a burden. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell. 2. To hawk or peddle, as fish, poultry, etc. [Prov.] 3. To intrude or live on another meanly; to beg. [Prov. or Slang, Eng.] Wright. Cadge, n. [Cf. 2d Cadger.] (Hawking) A circular frame on which cadgers carry hawks for sale. Cadg"er (?), n. [From Cadge, v. t., cf. Codger.] 1. A packman or itinerant huckster. 2. One who gets his living by trickery or begging. [Prov. or Slang] \'bdThe gentleman cadger.\'b8 Dickens. Cadg"er, n. [OF. cagier one who catches hawks. Cf. Cage.] (Hawking) One who carries hawks on a cadge. Cadg"y (?), a. Cheerful or mirthful, as after good eating or drinking; also, wanton. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] Ca"di (?), n. [Turk. See Alcalde.] An inferior magistrate or judge among the Mohammedans, usually the judge of a town or village. { Cad"ie, Cad"die (?), } n. A Scotch errand boy, porter, or messenger. [Written also cady.] Every Scotchman, from the peer to the cadie. Macaulay. Ca`di*les"ker (?), n. [Ar. q\'be\'c8\'c6 judge + al'sker the army, Per. leshker.] A chief judge in the Turkish empire, so named originally because his jurisdiction extended to the cases of soldiers, who are now tried only by their own officers. Ca*dil"lac (?), n. [Prob. from Cadillac, a French town.] A large pear, shaped like a flattened top, used chiefly for cooking. Johnson. <-- 2. metaphor for the best --> Cad"is (?), n. [F.] A kind of coarse serge. Cad*me"an (?), a. [L. Cadmeus, Gr. Cadmus), which name perhaps means lit. a man from the East; cf. Heb. qedem east.] Of or pertaining to Cadmus, a fabulous prince of Thebes, who was said to have introduced into Greece the sixteen simple letters of the alphabet -- Cadmean letters. Cadmean victory, a victory that damages the victors as much as the vanquished; probably referring to the battle in which the soldiers who sprang from the dragon's teeth sown by Cadmus slew each other\'3c-- Pyhrric victory? --\'3e. Cad"mi*a (?), n. [L. cadmia calamine, Gr. Calamine.] (Min.) An oxide of zinc which collects on the sides of furnaces where zinc is sublimed. Formerly applied to the mineral calamine. Cad"mi*an (?), a. [R.] See Cadmean. Cad"mic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cadmium; as, cadmic sulphide. Cad"mi*um (?), n. [NL. See Cadmia.] (Chem.) A comparatively rare element related to zinc, and occurring in some zinc ores. It is a white metal, both ductile and malleable. Symbol Cd. Atomic weight 111.8. It was discovered by Stromeyer in 1817, who named it from its association with zinc or zinc ore. Cadmium yellow, a compound of cadmium and sulphur, of an intense yellow color, used as a pigment. Cad"rans (?), n. [Cf. F. cadran. Cf. Quadrant.] An instrument with a graduated disk by means of which the angles of gems are measured in the process of cutting and polishing. \'d8Ca"dre (?), n. [F. cadre, It. quadro square, from L. quadrum, fr. quatuor four.] (Mil.) The framework or skeleton upon which a regiment is to be formed; the officers of a regiment forming the staff. [Written also cader.] Ca*du"ca*ry (?), a. [See Caducous.] (Law) Relating to escheat, forfeiture, or confiscation. Ca*du"ce*an (?), a. Of or belonging to Mercury's caduceus, or wand. Ca*du"ce*us (?), n. [L. caduceum, caduceus; akin to Gr. (Myth.) The official staff or wand of Hermes or Mercury, the messenger of the gods. It was originally said to be a herald's staff of olive wood, but was afterwards fabled to have two serpents coiled about it, and two wings at the top. Ca*du`ci*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [L. caducus falling (fr. cadere to fall) + E. branchiate.] (Zo\'94l.) With temporary gills: -- applied to those Amphibia in which the gills do not remain in adult life. Ca*du"ci*ty (?), n. [LL. caducitas: cf. F. caducit\'82. See Caducous.] Tendency to fall; the feebleness of old age; senility. [R.] [A] jumble of youth and caducity. Chesterfield. Ca*du"cous (?), [L. caducus falling, inclined to fall, fr. cadere to fall. See Cadence.] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Dropping off or disappearing early, as the calyx of a poppy, or the gills of a tadpole. Ca*duke" (?), a. [Cf. F. caduc. See Caducous.] Perishable; frail; transitory. [Obs.] Hickes. The caduke pleasures of his world. Bp. Fisher. Cad"y (?), n. See Cadie. \'d8C\'91"ca (?), n. pl. See C\'91cum. C\'91"cal (?), a. (Anat.) 1. Of or pertaining to the c\'91cum, or blind gut. 2. Having the form of a c\'91cum, or bag with one opening; baglike; as, the c\'91cal extremity of a duct. \'d8C\'91"ci*as (?), n. [L. caecias, Gr. A wind from the northeast. Milton. C\'91*cil"i*an (?; 106), n. [L. caecus blind. So named from the supposed blindness of the species, the eyes being very minute.] (Zo\'94l.) A limbless amphibian belonging to the order C\'91cili\'91 or Ophimorpha. See Ophiomorpha. [Written also c\'d2cilian.] \'d8C\'91"cum (?), n.; pl. C\'91cums, L. C\'91ca (#). [L. caecus blind, invisible, concealed.] (Anat.) (a) A cavity open at one end, as the blind end of a canal or duct. (b) The blind part of the large intestine beyond the entrance of the small intestine; -- called also the blind gut. c\'91cum is comparatively small in man, and ends in a slender portion, the vermiform appendix; but in herbivorous mammals it is often as large as the rest of the large intestine. In fishes there are often numerous intestinal c\'91ca. C\'91`no*zo"ic (?), a. (Geol.) See Cenozoic. Ca"en stone" (?), A cream-colored limestone for building, found near Caen, France. C\'91"sar (?), n. [L.] A Roman emperor, as being the successor of Augustus C\'91sar. Hence, a kaiser, or emperor of Germany, or any emperor or powerful ruler. See Kaiser, Kesar. Malborough anticipated the day when he would be servilely flattered and courted by C\'91sar on one side and by Louis the Great on the other. Macaulay. { C\'91*sa"re*an, C\'91*sa"ri*an (?), } a. [L. Caesareus, Caesarianus.] Of or pertaining to C\'91sar or the C\'91sars; imperial. C\'91sarean section (Surg.), the operation of taking a child from the womb by cutting through the walls of the abdomen and uterus; -- so called because Julius C\'91sar is reported to have been brought into the world by such an operation. C\'91"sar*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. C\'82sarisme.] A system of government in which unrestricted power is exercised by a single person, to whom, as C\'91sar or emperor, it has been committed by the popular will; imperialism; also, advocacy or support of such a system of government. C\'91"si*ous (?), a. [L. caesius bluish gray.] (Nat. Hist.) Of the color of lavender; pale blue with a slight mixture of gray. Lindley. C\'91"si*um (?), n. [NL., from L. caesius bluish gray.] (Chem.) A rare alkaline metal found in mineral water; -- so called from the two characteristic blue lines in its spectrum. It was the first element discovered by spectrum analysis, and is the most strongly basic and electro-positive substance known. Symbol Cs. Atomic weight 132.6. C\'91s"pi*tose` (?), a. Same as Cespitose. C\'91*su"ra (?), n.; pl. E. C\'91suras (, L. C\'91sur\'91 ( [L. caesura a cutting off, a division, stop, fr. caedere, caesum, to cut off. See Concise.] A metrical break in a verse, occurring in the middle of a foot and commonly near the middle of the verse; a sense pause in the middle of a foot. Also, a long syllable on which the c\'91sural accent rests, or which is used as a foot. c\'91sura is between study and of. The prop | er stud | y || of | mankind | is man. C\'91*su"ral (?), a. Of or pertaining to a c\'91sura. C\'91sural pause, a pause made at a c\'91sura. \'d8Ca`f\'82" (?), n. [F. See Coffee.] A coffeehouse; a restaurant; also, a room in a hotel or restaurant where coffee and liquors are served. { Caf"e*net (?), Caf"e*neh (?), } n. [Turk. qahveh kh\'beneh coffeehouse.] A humble inn or house of rest for travelers, where coffee is sold. [Turkey] Caf*fe"ic (?), a. [See Coffee.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, coffee. Caffeic acid, an acid obtained from coffee tannin, as a yellow crystalline substance, C9H8O4. Caf*fe"ine (?), n. [Cf. F. caf\'82ine. See Coffee.] (Chem.) A white, bitter, crystallizable substance, obtained from coffee. It is identical with the alkaloid theine from tea leaves, and with guaranine from guarana. Caf`fe*tan"nic (?), a. [Caffeic + tannic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the tannin of coffee. Caffetannic acid, a variety of tannin obtained from coffee berries, regarded as a glucoside. \'d8Caf"fi*la (?), n. [Ar.] See Cafila. Caf"fre (?), n. See Kaffir. { \'d8Ca"fi*la (?), \'d8Ca"fi*leh (?), } n. [Ar.] A caravan of travelers; a military supply train or government caravan; a string of pack horses. Caf"tan (?), n. [Turk. qaft\'ben: cf. F. cafetan.] A garment worn throughout the Levant, consisting of a long gown with sleeves reaching below the hands. It is generally fastened by a belt or sash. Caf"tan (?), v. t. To clothe with a caftan. [R.] The turbaned and caftaned damsel. Sir W. Scott. Cag (?), n. See Keg. [Obs.] Cage (?), n. [F. cage, fr. L. cavea cavity, cage, fr. cavus hollow. Cf. Cave, n., Cajole, Gabion.] 1. A box or inclosure, wholly or partly of openwork, in wood or metal, used for confining birds or other animals. In his cage, like parrot fine and gay. Cowper. <-- p. 202 --> 2. A place of confinement for malefactors Shak. Stone walls do not a prison make, Nor iron bars a cage. Lovelace. 3. (Carp.) An outer framework of timber, inclosing something within it; as the cage of a staircase. Gwilt. 4. (Mach.) (a) A skeleton frame to limit the motion of a loose piece, as a ball valve. (b) A wirework strainer, used in connection with pumps and pipes. 5. The box, bucket, or inclosed platform of a lift or elevator; a cagelike structure moving in a shaft. 6. (Mining) The drum on which the rope is wound in a hoisting whim. 7. (Baseball) The catcher's wire mask. Cage (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Caging.] To confine in, or as in, a cage; to shut up or confine. \'bdCaged and starved to death.\'b8 Cowper. Caged (?), a. Confined in, or as in, a cage; like a cage or prison. \'bdThe caged cloister.\'b8 Shak. Cage"ling (?), n. [Cage + -ling] A bird confined in a cage; esp. a young bird. [Poetic] Tennyson. \'d8Ca"git (?), n. (Zo\'94l) A king of parrot, of a beautiful green color, found in the Philippine Islands. Cag"mag (?), n. A tough old goose; hence, coarse, bad food of any kind. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. \'d8Ca"got (?), n. [F.] One of a race inhabiting the valleys of the Pyrenees, who until 1793 were political and social outcasts (Christian Pariahs). They are supposed to be a remnant of the Visigoths. \'d8Ca`hier" (?), n. [F., fr. OF. cayer, fr. LL. quaternum. See Quire of paper. The sheets of manuscript were folded into parts.] 1. A namber of sheets of paper put loosely together; esp. one of the successive portions of a work printed in numbers. 2. A memorial of a body; a report of legislative proceedings, etc. Ca*hin"cic (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, cahinca, the native name of a species of Brazilian Chiococca, perhaps C. recemosa; as, cahincic acid. Ca*hoot" (?), n. [Perhaps fr. f. cohorte a a company or band.] Partnership; as to go in cahoot with a person. [Slang, southwestern U. S.] Bartlett. \'d8Cai`ma*cam" (?), n. [Turk.] The governor of a sanjak or district in Turkey. Cai"man (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Cayman. Cai`no*zo"ic (?), a. (Geol.) See Cenozic. \'d8Ca*\'8bque" (?), n. [F., fr. Turk. q\'be\'c6q boat.] (Naut..) A light skiff or rowboat used on the Bosporus; also, a Levantine vessel of larger size. \'d8\'80a"i*ra" (?). [F. \'87a ira, \'87a ira, les aristocrates \'85 la lanterne, it shall go on, it shall go on, [hang]the arictocrats to the lantern (lamp-post).] The refrain of a famous song of the French Revolution. Caird (?), n. [Ir. ceard a tinker.] A traveling tinker; also a tramp or sturdy beggar. [Prov. Eng.] Cairn (?), n. [Gael. carn, gen. cairn, a heap: cf. Ir. & W. carn.] 1. A rounded or conical heap of stones erected by early inhabitants of the British Isles, apparently as a sepulchral monument. Now here let us place the gray stone of her cairn. Campbell. 2. A pile of stones heaped up as a landmark, or to arrest attention, as in surveying, or in leaving traces of an exploring party, etc. C. Kingsley. Kane. Cairn*gorm"stone` (?). [Gael. carn a cairn + gorm azure.] (Min.) A yellow or smoky brown variety of rock crystal, or crystallized quartz, found esp, in the mountain of Cairngorm, in Scotland. Cais"son (?), n. [F., fr. caisse, case, chest. See 1st Case.] 1. (Mil.) (a) A chest to hold ammunition. (b) A four-wheeled carriage for conveying ammunition, consisting of two parts, a body and a limber. In light field batteries there is one caisson to each piece, having two ammunition boxes on the body, and one on the limber. Farrow. (c) A chest filled with explosive materials, to be laid in the way of an enemy and exploded on his appoach. 2. (a) A water-tight box, of timber or iron within which work is carried on in building foundations or structures below the water level. (b) A hollow floating box, usually of iron, which serves to close the entrances of docks and basins. (c) A structure, usually with an air chamber, placed beneath a vessel to lift or float it. 3. (Arch.) A sunk panel of ceilings or soffits. Pneumatic caisson (Engin.), a caisson, closed at the top but open at the bottom, and resting upon the ground under water. The pressure of air forced into the caisson keeps the water out. Men and materials are admitted to the interior through an air lock. See Lock. Cai"tiff (?), a. [OE. caitif, cheitif, captive, miserable, OF. caitif, chaitif, captive, mean, wretched, F. ch\'82tif, fr. L. captivus captive, fr. capere to take, akin to E. heave. See Heave, and cf. Captive.] 1. Captive; wretched; unfortunate. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Base; wicked and mean; cowardly; despicable. Arnold had sped his caitiff flight. W. Irving. Cai"tiff, n. A captive; a prisoner. [Obs.] Avarice doth tyrannize over her caitiff and slave. Holland. 2. A wretched or unfortunate man. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. A mean, despicable person; one whose character meanness and wickedness meet. The deep-felt conviction of men that slavery breaks down the moral character . . . speaks out with . . . distinctness in the change of meaning which caitiff has undergone signifying as it now does, one of a base, abject disposition, while there was a time when it had nothing of this in it. Trench. Caj"e*put (?), n. See Cajuput. Ca*jole" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cajoled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Cajoling.] [F. cajoler, orig., to chatter like a bird in a cage, to sing; hence, to amuse with idle talk, to flatter, from the source of OF. goale, jaiole, F. ge\'93le, dim. of cage a cage. See Cage, Jail.] To deceive with flattery or fair words; to wheedle. I am not about to cajole or flatter you into a reception of my views. F. W. Robertson. Syn. -- To flatter; wheedle; delude; coax; entrap. Ca*jole"ment (?), n. The act of cajoling; the state of being cajoled; cajolery. Coleridge. Ca*jol"er (?), n. A flatterer; a wheedler. Ca*jol"er*y (?), n.; pl. Cajoleries (. A wheedling to delude; words used in cajoling; flattery. \'bdInfamous cajoleries.\'b8 Evelyn. Caj"u*put (?), n. [Of Malayan origin; k\'beyu tree + p\'d4tih white.] (Med.) A highly stimulating volatile infammable oil, distilled from the leaves of an East Indian tree (Melaleuca cajuputi, etc.) It is greenish in color and has a camphoraceous odor and pungent taste. Caj"u*put*ene` (?), n. (Chem.) A colorlees or greenish oil extracted from cajuput. Cake (?), n. [OE. cake, kaak; akin to Dan. kage, Sw. & Icel. kaka, D. koek, G.kuchem, OHG. chuocho.] 1. A small mass of dough baked; especially, a thin loaf from unleavened dough; as, an oatmeal cake; johnnycake. 2. A sweetened composition of flour and other ingredients, leavened or unleavened, baked in a loaf or mass of any size or shape. 3. A thin wafer-shaped mass of fried batter; a griddlecake or pancake; as buckwheat cakes. 4. A mass of matter concreted, congealed, or molded into a solid mass of any form, esp. into a form rather flat than high; as, a cake of soap; an ague cake. Cakes of rusting ice come rolling down the flood. Dryden. Cake urchin (Zo\'94l), any species of flat sea urchins belonging to the Clypeastroidea. -- Oil cake the refuse of flax seed, cotton seed, or other vegetable substance from which oil has been expressed, compacted into a solid mass, and used as food for cattle, for manure, or for other purposes. -- To have one's cake dough, to fail or be disappointed in what one has undertaken or expected. Shak. Cake, v. i. To form into a cake, or mass. Cake, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Caking.] To concrete or consolidate into a hard mass, as dough in an oven; to coagulate. Clotted blood that caked within. Addison. Cake, v. i. To cackle as a goose. [Prov. Eng.] Cak"ing coal` (?). See Coal. Cal (?), n. (Cornish Mines) Wolfram, an ore of tungsten. Simmonds. Cal"a*bar (?), n. A district on the west coast of Africa. Calabar bean, The of a climbing legumious plant (Physostigma venenosum), a native of tropical Africa. It is highly poisonous. It is used to produce contraction of the pupil of the eye; also in tetanus, neuralgia, and rheumatic diseases; -- called also ordeal bean, being used by the negroes in trials for witchcraft. Cal"a*bar*ine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid resembing physostigmine and occurring with it in the calabar bean. Cal"a*bash (?), n. [Sp. calabaza, or Pg. calaba, caba (cf. F. Calebasse), lit., a dry gourd, fr. Ar. qar', fem., a kind of gourd + aibas dry.] 1. The common gourd (plant or fruit). 2. The fruit of the calabash tree. 3. A water dipper, bottle, backet, or other utensil, made from the dry shell of a calabash or gourd. Calabash tree. (Bot.), a tree of tropical America (Crescentia cujete), producing a large gourdike fruit, containing a purgative pulp. Its hard shell, after the removal of the pulp, is used for cups, bottles, etc. The African calabash tree is the baobab. Cal`a*boose" (?), n. [A corruption of Sp. calabozo dungeon.] A prison; a jail. [Local, U. S.] \'d8Ca*lade" (?), n. [F.] A slope or declivity in a manege ground down which a horse is made to gallop, to give suppleness to his haunches. \'d8Ca*la"di*um (?), n. [NL.] A genus of aroideous plants, of which some species are cultivated for their immense leaves (which are often curiously blotched with white and red), and others (in Polynesia) for food. Cal"a*ite (?), n. [L. cala\'8bs, Gr. cala\'8bte.] A mineral. See Turquoise. Cal`a*man"co (?), n. [LL. calamancus, calamacus; cf. camelaucum; a head covering made of camel's hair, NGr. calmande a woolen stuff.] A glossy woolen stuff, plain, striped, or checked. \'bda gay calamanco waistcoat.\'b8 Tatler. Cal"a*man`der wood (?). A valuable furniture wood from India and Ceylon, of a hazel-brown color, with black stripes, very hard in texture. It is a species of ebony, and is obtained from the Diospyros qusesita. Called also Coromandel wood. { Cal"a*mar (?), Cal"a*ma*ry, } n. [LL. calamarium inkstand, fr. L. calamus a reed pen: cf. F. calmar, calemar, pen case, calamar.] (Zo\'94l.) A cephalopod, belonging to the genus Loligo and related genera. There are many species. They have a sack of inklike fluid which they discharge from the siphon tube, when pursued or alarmed, in order to confuse their enemies. Their shell is a thin horny plate, within the flesh of back, shaped very much like a quill pen. In America they are called squids. See Squid. Cal"am*bac (?), n. [F. calambac, calambour, from Malay Kalambaq a king of fragrant wood.] (Bot.) A fragrant wood; agalloch. Cal"am*bour (?), n. [See Calambac.] A species of agalloch, or aloes wood, of a dusky or mottled color, of a light, friable texture, and less fragrant than calambac; -- used by cabinetmakers. Cal`a*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. calamus reed + ferous.] Producing reeds; reedy. Cal"a*mine (?), n. [F. calamine, LL. calamina, fr. L. Cabmia. See Cadmia.] (min.) A mineral, the hydrous silicate of zinc. smithsonite. Cal"a*mint (?), n. [OE. calamint, calemente (cf. F. calament) fr. L. calamintha, Gr. Mint.] (Bot.) A genus of perennial plants (Calamintha) of the Mint family, esp. the C. Nepela and C. Acinos, which are called also basil thyme. Cal"a*mist (?), n. [L. calamus a reed.] One who plays upon a reed or pipe. [Obs.] Blount. Cal`a*mis"trate (?), v. i. [L. calamistratus, curied with the curling iron, fr. calamistrum curling iron, fr. calamus a reed.] To curl or friz, as the hair. [Obs.] Cotgrave. Cal`amis*tra"tion (?), n. The act or process of curling the hair. [Obs.] burton. \'d8Cal`a*mis"trum (?), n. [L., a curling iron.] (Zo\'94l.) A comblike structure on the metatarsus of the hind legs of certain spiders (Ciniflonid\'91), used to curl certain fibers in the construction of their webs. Cal"a*mite (?), n. [L. calamus a reed: cf. F. calamite.] (Paleon.) A fossil plant of the coal formation, having the general form of plants of the modern Equiseta (the Horsetail or Scouring Rush family) but sometimes attaining the height of trees, and having the stem more or less woody within. See Acrogen, and Asterophyllite. Ca*lam"i*tous (?), a. [L. Calamitosus; cf. F. calamiteux.] 1. Suffering calamity; wretched; miserable. [Obs.] Ten thousands of calamitous persons. South. 2. Producing, or attended with distress and misery; making wretched; wretched; unhappy. \'bdThis sad and calamitous condition.\'b8 South. \'bdA calamitous prison\'b8 Milton. Syn. -- Miserable; deplorable; distressful; afflictive; grievous; baleful; disastrous; adverse; unhappy; severe; sad; unfortunate. -- Ca*lam"i*tous*ly, adv. -- Ca*lam"i*tous*ness, n. Ca*lam"i*ty (?) n.; pl. Calamities (#). [L. calamitas, akin to in-columis unharmed: cf. F. calamit\'82] 1. Any great misfortune or cause of misery; -- generally applied to events or disasters which produce extensive evil, either to communities or individuals. The word calamity was first derived from calamus when the corn could not get out of the stalk. Bacon. Strokes of calamity that scathe and scorch the soul. W. Irving. 2. A state or time of distress or misfortune; misery. The deliberations of calamity are rarely wise. Burke. Where'er I came I brought calamity. Tennyson. Syn. -- Disaster; distress; afflicition; adversity; misfortune; unhappiness; infelicity; mishap; mischance; misery; evil; extremity; exigency; downfall. -- Calamity, Disaster, Misfortune, Mishap, Mischance. Of these words, calamity is the strongest. It supposes a somewhat continuous state, produced not usually by the direct agency of man, but by natural causes, such as fire, flood, tempest, disease, etc, Disaster denotes literally ill-starred, and is some unforeseen and distressing event which comes suddenly upon us, as if from hostile planet. Misfortune is often due to no specific cause; it is simply the bad fortune of an individual; a link in the chain of events; an evil independent of his own conduct, and not to be charged as a fault. Mischance and mishap are misfortunes of a trivial nature, occurring usually to individuals. \'bdA calamity is either public or private, but more frequently the former; a disaster is rather particular than private; it affects things rather than persons; journey, expedition, and military movements are often attended with disasters; misfortunes are usually personal; they immediately affect the interests of the individual.\'b8 Crabb. Cal"a*mus (?), n.; pl. Calami (#). [L., a reed. See Halm.] 1. (Bot.) The indian cane, a plant of the Palm family. It furnishes the common rattan. See Rattan, and Dragon's blood. 2. (Bot.) A species of Acorus (A. calamus), commonly called calamus, or sweet flag. The root has a pungent, aromatic taste, and is used in medicine as a stomachic; the leaves have an aromatic odor, and were formerly used instead of rushes to strew on floors. 3. (Zo\'94l.) The horny basal portion of a feather; the barrel or quill. \'d8Ca*lan"do (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Gradually diminishing in rapidity and loudness. Ca*lash" (?), n. [F. cal\'8ache; of Slavonic origin; cf. Bohem. kolesa, Russ. koliaska calash, koleso, kolo, wheel.] 1. A light carriage with low wheels, having a top or hood that can be raised or lowered, seats for inside, a separate seat for the driver, and often a movable front, so that it can be used as either an open or a close carriage. The baroness in a calash capable of holding herself, her two children, and her servants. W. Irving. 2. In Canada, a two-wheeled, one-seated vehicle, with a calash top, and the driver's seat elevated in front. 3. A hood or top of a carriage which can be thrown back at pleasure. 4. A hood, formerly worn by ladies, which could be drawn forward or thrown back like the top of a carriage. <-- p. 203 --> Ca`la*ve"rite (, n. (Min.) A bronze-yellow massive mineral with metallic luster; a telluride of gold; -- first found in Calaveras County California. Cal*ca"ne*al (?), a. (Anal.) Pertaining to the calcaneum; as, calcaneal arteries. \'d8Cal*ca"ne*um (?) n.; pl. E. -neums, L. -nea. [L. the heel, fr. calx, calcis, the heel.] (Anal.) One of the bones of the tarsus which in man, forms the great bone of the heel; -- called also fibulare. Cal"car (?), n. [L. calcaria lime kiln, fr. calx, calcis, lime. See Calx.] (Glass manuf.) A kind of oven, or reverberatory furnace, used for the calcination of sand and potash, and converting them into frit. Ure. \'d8Cal"car, n.; L. pl. Calcaria (#). [L., a pur, as worn on the heel, also the spur of a cock, fr. calx, calcis, the heel.] 1. (Bot.) A hollow tube or spur at the base of a petal or corolla. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A slender bony process from the ankle joint of bats, which helps to support the posterior part of the web, in flight. 3. (Anat.) (a) A spur, or spurlike prominence. (b) A curved ridge in the floor of the leteral ventricle of the brain; the calcar avis, hippocampus minor, or ergot. { Cal"ca*rate (?), Cal"ca*ra`ted (?), } a. [LL. calcaratus, fr. L. calcar. See 2d Calcar.] 1. (Bot.) Having a spur, as the flower of the toadflax and larkspur; spurred. Gray. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Armed with a spur. Cal*ca"re*o-ar`gil*la"ceous (?), a. consisting of, or containing, calcareous and argillaceous earths. Cal*ca"re*o-bi*tu"mi*nous (?), a. Consisting of, or containing, lime and bitumen. Lyell. Cal*ca"re*o-si*li"ceous (?), a.Consisting of, or containing calcareous and siliceous earths. Cal*ca"re*ous (?), a. [L. calcarius pertaining to lime. See Calx.] Partaking of the nature ofcalcite or calcium carbonate; consisting of, or containg, calcium carbonate or carbonate of lime. Clcareous spar. See as Calcite. Cal*ca"re*ous*ness, n. Quality of being calcareous. Cal`ca*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L. calcarius of lime + ferous.] Lime-yielding; calciferous Cal"ca*rine (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or situated near, the calcar of the brain. Cal`ca*vel"la (?), n. A sweet wine from Portugal; -- so called from the district of Carcavelhos. [Written also Calcavellos or Carcavelhos.] Cal"ce*a"ted (?), a. [L. calceatus, p. p. of pelceare to ahoe, fr. catceus shoe, fr. calx, calcic, heel.] Fitted with, or wearing, shoes. Johnson. Calced (?), a. [See Calceated.] Wearing shoes; calceated; -- in distintion from discalced or barefooted; as the calced Carmelites. Cal"ce*don (?), n. [See Chalcedony.] A foul vein, like chalcedony, in some precious stones. { Cal`ce*don"ic (?), Cal`ce*do"ni*an, } a. See Chalcedonic. Cal"ce*i*form` (?), a. [L. calceus shoe + -form.] (Bot.) Shaped like a plipper, as one petal of the lady's-slipper; calceolate. \'d8cal`ce*o*la"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. calceolarius shoemaker, fr. calceolus, a dim. of calceus shoe.] (Bot.) A genus of showy herbaceous or shrubby plant, biought from South America; slipperwort. It has a yellow or purple flower, often spotted or striped, the shape of which suggests its name. Cal"ce*o*late (?), a. [See Calceolaria.] Slipper-ahaped. See Calceiform. \'d8Cal"ces (?), n. pl. See Calx. Cal"cic (?), a. [L. calx, calcis, lime: cf. F. calcique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, calcium or lime. Cal*cif"er*ouse (?), a. [L. calx, calcis, lime + -ferous.] Bearing producing, or containing calcite, or carbonate of lime. Calciferouse epoch (Geol.), and epoch in the American lower Silurian system, immediately succeeding the Cambrian period. The name alludes to the peculiar mixture of calcareous and siliceous characteristics in many of the beds. See the Diagram under Grology. Cal*cif"ic (?), a. Calciferous. Specifically: (Zo\'94l.) of or pertaining to hte portion of the which forms the eggshell in birds and reptiles. Huxley. Cal`ci*fi*ca"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) The process of chenge into a stony or calcareous substance by the deposition of lime salt; -- normally, as in the formation of bone and teeth; abnormally, as in calcareous degeneration of tissue. Cal"ci*fied (?), a. Consisting of, or containing, calcareous matter or lime salts; calcareous. Cal"ci*form (?), a. [L. calx, calcis, lime + -form.] In the form of chalk or lime. Cal"ci*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Calcified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calcifying.] [L. calx, calcis, lime + -fy.] To make stony or calcareous by the deposit or secretion of salts of lime. Cal"ci*fy, v. i. To become changed into a stony or calcareous condition, in lime is a principal ingredient, as in the formation of teeth. Cal*cig"e*nous (?), a. [L. calx, calcis, lime + -genouse.] (Chem.) Tending to form, or to become, a calx or earthlike substance on being oxidized or burnt; as magnesium, calcium. etc. Cal*cig"er*ous (?), a. [L. calx, calcis, lime + -gerouse.] Holding lime or other earthy salts; as, the calcigerous cells of the teeth. Cal"ci*mine (?), n. [L. calx, calcis, lime.] A white or colored wash for the ceiling or other plastering of a room, consisting of a mixture of clear glue, Paris white or zinc white, and water. [Also spelt kalsomine.] Cal"ci*mine, v. t. [imp. &p. p. Calcimined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calcimining.] To wash or cover with calcimine; as, to calcimine walls. Cal"ci*mi`ner (?), n. One who calcimines. Cal*cin"a*ble (?), a. That may be calcined; as, a calcinable fossil. Cal"ci*nate (?), v. i. To calcine. [R.] Cal`ci*na"tion (?), n. [F. calcination.] 1. (Chem.) The act or process of disintegrating a substance, or rendering it friable by the action of heat, esp. by the expulsion of some volatile matter, as when carbonic and acid is expelled from carbonate of calcium in the burning of limestone in order to make lime. 2. The act or process of reducing a metal to an oxide or metallic calx; oxidation. Cal*cin"a*to*ry (?), n. A vessel used in calcination. Cal*cine" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calciden (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calcining.] [F. calciner, fr. L. calx, calcis, lime. See Calx.] 1. To reduce to a powder, or to a friable state, by the action of heat; to expel volatile matter from by means of heat, as carbonic acid from limestone, and thus (usually) to produce disintegration; as to, calcine bones. 2. To oxidize, as a metal by the action of heat; to reduce to a metallic calx. Cal*cine", v. i. To be convereted into a powder or friable substance, or into a calx, by the action of heat. \'bdCalcining without fusion\'b8 Newton. Cal*cin"er (?), n. One who, or that which, calcines. \'d8Cal`ci*spon"gi*\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. calx, calcis, lime + spongia a sponge.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of marine sponges, containing calcareous spicules. See Porifera. Cal"cite (?), n. [L. calx, calcis, lime.] (Min.) Calcium carbonate, or carbonate of lime. It is rhombohedral in its crystallization, and thus distinguished from aragonite. It includes common limestone, chalk, and marble. Called also calc-spar and calcareous spar. Argentine is a pearly lamellar variety; aphrite is foliated or chalklike; dogtooth spar, a form in acute rhombohedral or scalenohedral crystals; calc-sinter and calc-tufa are lose or porous varieties formed in caverns or wet grounds from calcareous deposits; agaric mineral is a soft, white friable variety of similar origin; stalaclite and stalagmite are varieties formed from the drillings in caverns. Iceland spar is a transparent variety, exhibiting the strong double refraction of the species, and hence is called doubly refracting spar. Cal"ci*trant (?), a. [L. calcitrans, p. pr. of calcitrare to kick, fr. calx, calcis , heel.] Kicking. Hence: Stubborn; refractory. Cal"ci*trate (?), v. i. & i. [L. calcitratus, p. p. of calcitrare. See Calcitrant.] To kick. Cal`ci*tra"tion (?), n. Act of kicking. Cal"ci*um (?), n. [NL., from L. calx, calcis, lime; cf F. calcium. See Calx.] (Chem.) An elementary substance; a metal which combined with oxygen forms lime. It is of a pale yellow color, tenacious, and malleable. It is a member of the alkaline earth group of elements. Atomic weight 40. Symbol Ca. Calcium is widely and abundantly disseminated, as in its compounds calcium carbonate or limestone, calcium sulphate or gypsum, calcium fluoride or fluor spar, calcium phosphate or apatite. Calcium light, an intense light produced by the incandescence of a stick or ball of lime in the flame of a combination of oxygen and hydrogen gases, or of oxygen and coal gas; -- called also Drummond light. Cal*civ"o*rous (?), a. [L. calx lime + vorare to devour.] Eroding, or eating into, limestone. Cal*cog"ra*pher (?), n. One who practices calcography. { Cal`co*graph"ic (?), Cal`co*graph"ic*al, } a. Relating to, or in the style of, calcography. Cal*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [L. calx, calcis, lime, chalk + -graphy.] The art of drawing with chalk. Calc"-sin`ter (?), n. [G. kalk (L. calx, calcis) lime + E. sinter.] See under Calcite. Calc"-spar` (?), n. [G. kalk (L. calx) lime E. spar.] Same as Calcite. Calc"-tu`fa (?), n. [G. kalk (l. calx) lime + E. tufa.] See under Calcite. Cal"cu*la*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. calculable.] That may be calculated or ascertained by calculation. Cal"cu*la*ry (?), a. [L. calculus a pebble, a calculus; cf calcularius pertaining to calculation.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to calculi. Cal"cu*la*ry, n. A congeries of little stony knots found in the pulp of the pear and other fruits. Cal"cu*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calculater (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calculating (?).] [L, calculatus, p. p. of calculate, fr. calculus a pebble, a stone used in reckoning; hence, a reckoning, fr. calx, calcis, a stone used in gaming, limestone. See Calx.] 1. To ascertain or determine by mathematical processes, usually by the ordinary rules of arithmetic; to reckon up; to estimate; to compute. A calencar exacity calculated than any othe. North. 2. To ascertain or predict by mathematical or astrological computations the time, circumstances, or other conditions of; to forecast or compute the character or consequences of; as, to calculate or cast one's nativity. A cunning man did calculate my birth. Shak. 3. To adjust for purpose; to adapt by forethought or calculation; to fit or prepare by the adaptation of means to an end; as, to calculate a system of laws for the government and protection of a free people. [Religion] is . . . calculated for our benefit. Abp. Tillotson. 4. To plan; to expect; to think. [Local, U. S.] Syn. -- To compute; reckon; count; estimate; rate. -- To Calculate, Compute. Reckon, Count. These words indicate the means by which we arrive at a given result in regard to quantity. We calculate with a view to obtain a certain point of knowledge; as, to calculate an eclipse. We compute by combining given numbers, in order to learn the grand result. We reckon and count in carrying out the details of a computation. These words are also used in a secondary and figurative sense. \'bdCalculate is rather a conjection from what is, as to what may be; computation is a rational estimate of what has been, from what is; reckoning is a conclusive conviction, a pleasing assurance that a thing will happen; counting indicates an expectation. We calculate on a gain; we compute any loss sustained, or the amount of any mischief done; we reckon on a promised pleasure; we count the hours and minutes until the time of enjoyment arrives\'b8 Crabb. Cal"cu*late (?), v. i. To make a calculation; to forecast caonsequences; to estimate; to compute. The strong passions, whether good or bad, never calculate. F. W. Robertson. Cal"cu*la`ted (?), p. p. & a. 1. Worked out by calculation; as calculated tables for computing interest; ascertained or conjectured as a result of calculation; as, the calculated place of a planet; the calculated velocity of a cannon ball. 2. Adapted by calculation, contrivance. or forethought to accomplish a purpose; as, to use arts calculated to deceive the people. 3. Likely to produce a certain effect, whether intended or not; fitted; adapted; suited. The only danger that attends multiplicity of publication is, that some of them may be calculated to injure rather than benefit society. Goldsmith. The minister, on the other hand, had never gone through an experience calculated to lead him beyond the scope of generally received laws. Hawthorne. Cal"cu*la`ting (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to mathematical calculations; performing or able to perform mathematical calculations. 2. Given to contrivance or forethought; forecasting; scheming; as, a cool calculating disposition. Calculating machine, a machine for the mechanical performance of mathematical operations, for the most part invented by Charles Babbage and G. and E. Scheutz. It computes logarithmic and other mathematical tables of a high degree of intricacy, imprinting the results on a leaden plate, from which a stereotype plate is then directly made. Cal"cu*la`ting, n. The act or process of making mathematical computations or of estimating results. Cal`cu*la"tion (?), n. [OE. calculation, fr. L. calculatio; cf. OF. calcucation.] 1. The act or process, or the result, of calculating; computation; reckoning, estimate. \'bdThe calculation of eclipses.\'b8 Nichol. The mountain is not so his calculation makes it. Boyle. 2. An expectation based on cirumstances. The lazy gossips of the port, Abborrent of a calculation crost, Began to chafe as at a personal wrong. Tennyson. Cal"cu*la*tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to calculation; involving calculation. Long habits of calculative dealings. Burke. Cal"cu*la*tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. calculateur.] One who computes or reckons: one who estimates or considers the force and effect of causes, with a view to form a correct estimate of the effects. Ambition is no exact calculator. Burke. Cal"cu*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. calculatorius.] Belonging to calculation. Sherwood. Cal"cule (?), n. [F. calcul, fr. L. calculus. See Calculus.] Reckoning; computation. [Obs.] Howell. Cal"cule, v. i. To calculate [Obs.] Chaucer. Cal"cu*li (?), n. pl. See Calculus. Cal"cu*lous (?), a. [L. calculosus.] 1. Of the nature of a calculus; like stone; gritty; as, a calculous concretion. Sir T. Browne. 2. Caused, or characterized, by the presence of a calculus or calculi; a, a calculous disorder; affected with gravel or stone; as, a calculous person. Cal"cu*lus (?), n.; pl. Calculi (#) [L, calculus. See Calculate, and Calcule.] 1. (Med.) Any solid concretion, formed in any part of the body, but most frequent in the organs that act as reservoirs, and in the passages connected with them; as, biliary calculi; urinary calculi, etc. 2. (Math.) A method of computation; any process of reasoning by the use of symbols; any branch of mathematics that may involve calculation. Barycentric calculus, a method of treating geometry by defining a point as the center of gravity of certain other points to which co\'89fficients or weights are ascribed. -- Calculus of functions, that branch of mathematics which treats of the forms of functions that shall satisfy given conditions. -- Calculus of operations, that branch of mathematical logic that treats of all operations that satisfy given conditions. -- Calculus of probabilities, the science that treats of the computation of the probabilities of events, or the application of numbers to chance. -- Calculus of variations, a branch of mathematics in which the laws of dependence which bind the variable quantities together are themselves subject to change. -- Differential calculus, a method of investigating mathematical questions by using the ratio of certain indefinitely small quantities called differentials. The problems are primarily of this form: to find how the change in some variable quantity alters at each instant the value of a quantity dependent upon it. -- Exponential calculus, that part of algebra which treats of exponents. -- Imaginary calculus, a method of investigating the relations of real or imaginary quantities by the use of the imaginary symbols and quantities of algebra. -- Integral calculus, a method which in the reverse of the differential, the primary object of which is to learn from the known ratio of the indefinitely small changes of two or more magnitudes, the relation of the magnitudes themselves, or, in other words, from having the differential of an algebraic expression to find the expression itself. <-- p. 204 --> Cal"dron (?), n. [OE. caldron, caudron, caudroun, OF. caudron, chauderon, F. chaudron, an aug. of F. chaudi\'8are, LL. caldaria, fr. L. caldarius suitable for warming, fr. caldus, calidus, warm, fr. calere to be warm; cf. Skr. \'87r\'be to boil. Cf. Chaldron, Calaric, Caudle.] A large kettle or boiler of copper, brass, or iron. [Written also cauldron.] \'bdCaldrons of boiling oil.\'b8 Prescott. \'d8Ca*l\'8ache" (?), n. [F. cal\'8ache.] See Calash. Cal`e*do"ni*a (?), n. The ancient Latin name of Scotland; -- still used in poetry. Cal`e*do"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Caledonia or Scotland; Scottish; Scotch. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Caledonia or Scotland. Ca*led"o*nite (?), n. (Min.) A hydrous sulphate of copper and lead, found in some parts of Caledonia or Scotland. Cal`e*fa"cient (?), a. [L. calefaciens p. pr. of calefacere to make warm; calere to be warm + facere to make.] Making warm; heating. [R.] Cal`e*fa"cient, n. A substance that excites warmth in the parts to which it is applied, as mustard. Cal`e*fac"tion (?), n. [L. calefactio: cf. F. cal\'82faction.] 1. The act of warming or heating; the production of heat in a body by the action of fire, or by communication of heat from other bodies. 2. The state of being heated. Cal`e*fac"tive (?), a. See Calefactory. [R.] Cal`e*fac"tor (?), n. A heater; one who, or that which, makes hot, as a stove, etc. Cal`e*fac"to*ry (?), a. [L. calefactorius.] Making hot; producing or communicating heat. Cal`e*fac"to*ry, n. 1. (Eccl.) An apartment in a monastery, warmed and used as a sitting room. 2. A hollow sphere of metal, filled with hot water, or a chafing dish, placed on the altar in cold weather for the priest to warm his hands with. Cal"e*fy (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calefied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calefying.] [L. calere to be warm + -fy] To make warm or hot. Cal"e*fy, v. i. To grow hot or warm. Sir T. Browne. \'d8Cal"em*bour` (?), n. [F.] A pun. Cal"en*dar (?), n. [OE. kalender, calender, fr. L. kalendarium an interest or account book (cf. F. calendrier, OF. calendier) fr. L. calendue, kalendae, calends. See Calends.] 1. An orderly arrangement of the division of time, adapted to the purposes of civil life, as years, months, weeks, and days; also, a register of the year with its divisions; an almanac. 2. (Eccl.) A tabular statement of the dates of feasts, offices, saints' days, etc., esp. of those which are liable to change yearly according to the varying date of Easter. 3. An orderly list or enumeration of persons, things, or events; a schedule; as, a calendar of state papers; a calendar of bills presented in a legislative assemblly; a calendar of causes arranged for trial in court; a calendar of a college or an academy. Shepherds of people had need know the calendars of tempests of state. Bacon. Calendar clock, one that shows the days of the week and month. -- Calendar month. See under Month. -- French Republican calendar. See under Vend\'82miaire. -- Gregorian calendar, Julian calendar, Perpetual calendar. See under Gregorian, Julian, and Perpetual. Cal"en*dar, v. t. [Imp. & p. p. Calendared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calendaring.] To enter or write in a calendar; to register. Waterhouse. Cal`en*da"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the calendar or a calendar. Cal"en*da*ry (?), a. Calendarial. [Obs.] Cal"en*der (?), n. [F. calandre, LL. calendra, corrupted fr. L. cylindrus a cylinder, Gr. Cylinider.] 1. A machine, used for the purpose of giving cloth, paper, etc., a smooth, even, and glossy or glazed surface, by cold or hot pressure, or for watering them and giving them a wavy appearance. It consists of two or more cylinders revolving nearly in contact, with the necessary apparatus for moving and regulating. 2. One who pursues the business of calendering. My good friend the calender. Cawper. Cal"en*der (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calendered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calendering.] [Cf. F. calandrer. See Calender, n.] To press between rollers for the purpose of making smooth and glossy, or wavy, as woolen and silk stuffs, linens, paper, etc. Ure. Cal"en*der, n. [Per. qalender.] One of a sect or order of fantastically dressed or painted dervishes. Cal`en*dog"ra*pher (?), n. [Calendar + -graph + er.] One who makes calendars. [R.] Cal"en*drer (?), n. A person who calenders cloth; a calender. { Ca*len"dric (?), Ca*len"dric*al (?), } a., Of or pertaining to a calendar. Cal"ends (?), n. pl. [OE. kalendes month, calends, AS. calend month, fr. L. calendae; akin to calare to call, proclaim, Gr. Claim.] The first day of each month in the ancient Roman calendar. [Written also kalends.] The Greek calends, a time that will never come, as the Greeks had no calends. \'d8Ca*len"du*la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. calendae calends.] (Bot.) A genus of composite herbaceous plants. One species, Calendula officinalis, is the common marigold, and was supposed to blossom on the calends of every month, whence the name. Ca*len"du*lin (?), n. (Chem.) A gummy or mucilaginous tasteless substance obtained from the marigold or calendula, and analogous to bassorin. Cal"en*ture (?), n. [F. calenture, fr. Sp. calenture heat, fever, fr. calentar to heat, fr. p. pr. of L. calere to be warm.] (Med.) A name formerly given to various fevers occuring in tropics; esp. to a form of furious delirium accompanied by fever, among sailors, which sometimes led the affected person to imagine the sea to be a green field, and to throw himself into it. Cal"en*ture, v. i. To see as in the delirium of one affected with calenture. [Poetic] Hath fed on pageants floating through the air Or calentures in depths of limpid flood. Wordsworth. Ca*les"cence (?), n. [L. calescens, p.pr. of calescere, incho. of calere to be warm.] Growing warmth; increasing heat. Calf (?), n.; pl. Calves (#). [OE. calf, kelf, AS. cealf; akin to D. kalf, G. kalb, Icel. k\'belfr, Sw. kalf, Dan. kalv, Goth. kalb\'d3; cf. Skr. garbha fetus, young, Gr. grabh to seize, conceive, Ir. colpa, colpach, a calf. \'fb222.] 1. The young of the cow, or of the Bovine family of quadrupeds. Also, the young of some other mammals, as of the elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, and whale. 2. Leather made of the skin of the calf; especially, a fine, light-colored leather used in bookbinding; as, to bind books in calf. 3. An awkward or silly boy or young man; any silly person; a dolt. [Colloq.] Some silly, doting, brainless calf. Drayton. 4. A small island near a larger; as, the Calf of Man. 5. A small mass of ice set free from the submerged part of a glacier or berg, and rising to the surface. Kane. 6. [Cf. Icel. k\'belfi.] The fleshy hinder part of the leg below the knee. Calf's-foot jelly, jelly made from the feet of calves. The gelatinous matter of the feet is extracted by boiling, and is flavored with sugar, essences, etc. Calf"skin` (?), n. The hide or skin of a calf; or leather made of the skin. \'d8Ca"li (?), n. (Hindoo Myth.) The tenth avatar or incarnation of the god Vishnu. [Written also Kali.] { Cal"i*ber, Cal"ibre } (?), n. [F. calibre, perh. fr. L. qualibra of what pound, of what weight; hence, of what size, applied first to a ball or bullet; cf. also Ar. q\'belib model, mold. Cf. Calipers, Calivere.] 1. (Gunnery) The diameter of the bore, as a cannon or other firearm, or of any tube; or the weight or size of the projectile which a firearm will carry; as, an 8 inch gun, a 12-pounder, a 44 caliber. The caliber of empty tubes. Reid. A battery composed of three guns of small caliber. Prescott. caliber of firearms is expressed in various ways. Cannon are often designated by the weight of a solid spherical shot that will fit the bore; as, a 12-pounder; pieces of ordnance that project shell or hollow shot are designated by the diameter of their bore; as, a 12 inch mortar or a 14 inch shell gun; small arms are designated by hundredths of an inch expressed decimally; as, a rifle of .44 inch caliber. 2. The diameter of round or cylindrical body, as of a bullet or column. 3. Fig.: Capacity or compass of mind. Burke. Caliber compasses. See Calipers. -- Caliber rule, a gunner's calipers, an instrument having two scales arranged to determine a ball's weight from its diameter, and conversely. -- A ship's caliber, the weight of her armament. Cal"i*brate (?), v. i. To ascertain the caliber of, as of a thermometer tube; also, more generally, to determine or rectify the graduation of, as of the various standards or graduated instruments. Cal`ibra"*tion (?), n. The process of estimating the caliber a tube, as of a thermometer tube, in order to graduate it to a scale of degrees; also, more generally, the determination of the true value of the spaces in any graduated instrument. Cal"ice (?), n. [See Calice.] See Chalice. Cal"i*cle (?), n. [L. caliculus a small cup, dim. of calicis, a cup. Cf Calycle.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the small cuplike cavities, often with elevated borders, covering the surface of most corals. Each is formed by a polyp. (b) One of the cuplike structures inclosing the zooids of certain hydroids. See Campanularian. [Written also calycle. See Calycle.] Cal"i*co (?), n.; pl. Calicoes (#). [So called because first imported from Calicut, in the East Indies: cf. F. calicot.] 1. Plain white cloth made from cotton, but which receives distinctive names according to quality and use, as, super calicoes, shirting calicoes, unbleached calicoes, etc. [Eng.] The importation of printed or stained colicoes appears to have been coeval with the establishment of the East India Company. Beck (Draper's Dict. ). 2. Cotton cloth printed with a figured pattern. calico is applied only to the printed fabric. Calico bass (Zo\'94l.), an edible, fresh-water fish (Pomoxys sparaides) of the rivers and lake of the Western United States (esp. of the Misissippi valley.), allied to the sunfishes, and so called from its variegated colors; -- called also calicoback, grass bass, strawberry bass, barfish, and bitterhead. -- Calico printing, the art or process of impressing the figured patterns on calico. Cal"i*co (?), a. Made of, or having the apperance of, calico; -- often applied to an animal, as a horse or cat, on whose body are large patches of a color strikingly different from its main color. [Colloq. U. S.] Cal"i*co*back` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The calico bass. (b) An hemipterous insect (Murgantia histrionica) which injures the cabbage and other garden plants; -- called also calico bug and harlequin cabbage bug. { Ca*lic"u*lar (?), a. Ca*lic"u*late (?), } a. Relating to, or resembling, a cup; also improperly used for calycular, calyculate. Cal"id (?), a. [L. calidus, fr. calere to be hot.] Hot; burning; ardent. [Obs.] Bailey. Ca*lid"i*ty (?), n. Heat. [Obs.] Cal"i*duct (?), n. [See Caloriduct.] A pipe or duct used to convey hot air or steam. Subterranean caliducts have been introduced. Evelyn. { Ca"lif (?), n., Cal"i*fate (?), } n., etc. Same as Caliph, Caliphate, etc. Cal`i*for"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to California. -- n. A native or inhabitant of California. Cal`i*ga"tion (?), n. [L. caligatio, fr. caligare to emit vapor, to be dark, from caligo mist, darkness.] Dimness; cloudiness. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Ca*lig`i*nos"ity (?), n. [L. caliginosus dark. See Caligation.] Darkness. [R.] G. Eliot. Ca*lig"i*nous (?), a. [L. caliginosus; cf. F. caligineux.] Affected with darkness or dimness; dark; obscure. [R.] Blount. The caliginous regions of the air. Hallywell. -- Ca*lig"i*nous*ly, adv. -- Ca*lig"i*nous*ness, n. \'d8Ca*li"go (?), n. [L., darkness.] (Med.) Dimness or obscurity of sight, dependent upon a speck on the cornea; also, the speck itself. Cal`i*graph"ic (?), a. See Calligraphic. Ca*lig"ra*phy (?), n. See Caligraphy. \'d8Ca"lin (?), n. [F., fr. Malay kelany tin, or fr. Kala'a, a town in India, fr. which it came.] An alloy of lead and tin, of which the Chinese make tea canisters. Cal`i*pash" (?), n. [F. carapace, Sp. carapacho. Cf Calarash, Carapace.] A part of a turtle which is next to the upper shell. It contains a fatty and gelatinous substance of a dull greenish tinge, much esteemed as a delicacy in preparations of turtle. Cal"i*pee (?), n. [See Calipash] A part of a turtle which is attached to the lower shell. It contains a fatty and gelatinous substance of a light yellowish color, much esteemed as a delicacy. Thackeray. Cal"i*pers (?), n. pl. [Corrupted from caliber.] An instrument, usually resembling a pair of dividers or compasses with curved legs, for measuring the diameter or thickness of bodies, as of work shaped in a lathe or planer, timber, masts, shot, etc.; or the bore of firearms, tubes, etc.; -- called also caliper compasses, or caliber compasses. Caliper square, a draughtsman's or mechanic's square, having a graduated bar and adjustable jaw or jaws. Knight. -- Vernier calipers. See Vernier. Ca"liph (?), n. [OE. caliphe, califfe, F. calife (cf. Sp. califa), fr. Ar. khal\'c6fan successor, fr. khalafa to succed.] Successor or vicar; -- a title of the successors of Mohammed both as temporal and spiritual rulers, now used by the sultans of Turkey, [Writting also calif.] Cal"i*phate (?), n. [Cf. F. califat.] The office, dignity, or government of a caliph or of the caliphs. Ca*lip"pic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Calippus, an Athenian astronomer. Calippic period, a period of seventy-six years, proposed by Calippus, as an improvement on the Metonic cycle, since the 6940 days of the Metonic cycle exceeded 19 years by about a quarter of a day, and exceeded 235 lunations by something more. Cal`i*sa"ya bark (?). A valuable kind of Peruvian bark obtained from the Cinchona Calisaya, and other closely related species. \'d8Cal`is*the"ne*um, n. [NL.] A gymnasium; esp. one for light physical exercise by women and children. Cal`is*then"is (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to calisthenics. Cal`is*then"ics (?), n. The science, art, or practice of healthful exercise of the body and limbs, to promote strength and gracefulness; light gymnastics. Cal"i*ver (?), n. [Corrupted fr. caliber.] An early form of hand gun, variety of the arquebus; originally a gun having a regular size of bore. [Obs.] Shak. \'d8Ca"lix (?), n. [L.] A cup. See Calyx. Calk (?), v. t. [imp. &p. p. Calked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calking.] [Either corrupted fr. F. calfater (cf. Pg. calafetar, Sp. calafetear), fr. Ar. qalafa to fill up crevices with the fibers of palm tree or moss; or fr. OE. cauken to tred, through the French fr. L. calcare, fr. calx heel. Cf. Calk to copy, Inculcate.] 1. To drive tarred oakum into the seams between the planks of (a ship, boat, etc.), to prevent leaking. The calking is completed by smearing the seams with melted pitch. 2. To make an indentation in the edge of a metal plate, as along a seam in a steam boiler or an iron ship, to force the edge of the upper plate hard against the lower and so fill the crevice. Calk (?), v. t. [E.calquer to trace, It. caicare to trace, to trample, fr. L. calcare to trample, fr. calx heel. Cf. Calcarate.] To copy, as a drawing, by rubbing the back of it with red or black chalk, and then passing a blunt style or needle over the lines, so as to leave a tracing on the paper or other thing against which it is laid or held. [Writting also calque] <-- p. 205 --> Calk (?), n. [Cf. AS calc shoe, hoof, L. calx, calcis, hel, c\'84lcar, spur.] 1. A sharp-pointed piece or iron or steel projecting downward on the shoe of a nore or an ox, to prevent the animal from slipping; -- called also calker, calkin. 2. An instrument with sharp points, worn on the sole of a shoe or boot, to prevent slipping. Calk (?), v. i. 1. To furnish with calks, to prevent slipping on ice; as, to calk the shoes of a horse or an ox. 2. To wound with a calk; as when a horse injures a leg or a foot with a calk on one of the other feet. Calk"er (?), n. 1. One who calks. 2. A calk on a shoe. See Calk, n., 1. Calk"in (?), n. A calk on a shoe. See Calk, n., 1. Calk"ing (?), n. The act or process of making seems tight, as in ships, or of furnishing with calks, as a shoe, or copying, as a drawing. Calking iron, a tool like a chisel, used in calking ships, tightening seams in ironwork, etc. Their left hand does the calking iron guide. Dryden. Call (?), v. i. [imp.& p. p. Called (?); p. r. & vb. n. Calling] [OE. callen, AS. ceallin; akin to Icel & Sw. kalla, Dan. kalde, D. kallen to talk, prate, Gr. gar to praise. Cf. Garrulous.] 1. To command or request to come or be present; to summon; as, to call a servant. Call hither Clifford; bid him come amain Shak. 2. To summon to the discharge of a particular duty; to designate for an office, or employment, especially of a religious character; -- often used of a divine summons; as, to be called to the ministry; sometimes, to invite; as, to call a minister to be the pastor of a church. Paul . . . called to be an apostle Rom. i. 1. The Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called them. Acts xiii. 2. 3. To invite or command to meet; to convoke; -- often with together; as, the President called Congress together; to appoint and summon; as, to call a meeting of the Board of Aldermen. Now call we our high court of Parliament. Shak. 4. To give name to; to name; to address, or speak of, by a specifed name. If you would but call me Rosalind. Shak. And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. Gen. i. 5. 5. To regard or characterize as of a certain kind; to denominate; to designate. What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common. Acts x. 15. 6. To state, or estimate, approximately or loosely; to characterize without strict regard to fact; as, they call the distance ten miles; he called it a full day's work. [The] army is called seven hundred thousand men. Brougham. 7. To show or disclose the class, character, or nationality of. [Obs.] This speech calls him Spaniard. Beau. & Fl. 8. To utter in a loud or distinct voice; -- often with off; as, to call, or call off, the items of an account; to call the roll of a military company. No parish clerk who calls the psalm so clear. Gay. 9. To invoke; to appeal to. I call God for a witness. 2 Cor. i. 23 [Rev. Ver. ] 10. To rouse from sleep; to awaken. If thou canst awake by four o' the clock. I prithee call me. Sleep hath seized me wholly. Shak. To call a bond, to give notice that the amount of the bond will be paid. -- To call a party (Law), to cry aloud his name in open court, and command him to come in and perform some duty requiring his presence at the time on pain of what may befall him. -- To call back, to revoke or retract; to recall; to summon back. -- To call down, to pray for, as blessing or curses. -- To call forth, to bring or summon to action; as, to call forth all the faculties of the mind. -- To call in, (a) To collect; as, to call in debts or money; ar to withdraw from cirulation; as, to call in uncurrent coin. (b) To summon to one's side; to invite to come together; as, to call in neighbors. -- To call (any one) names, to apply contemptuous names (to any one). -- To call off, to summon away; to divert; as, to call off the attention; to call off workmen from their employment. -- To call out. (a) To summon to fight; to challenge. (b) To summon into service; as, to call out the militia. -- To call over, to recite separate particulars in order, as a roll of names. -- To call to account, to demand explanation of. -- To call to mind, to recollect; to revive in memory. -- To call to order, to request to come to order; as: (a) A public meeting, when opening it for business. (b) A person, when he is transgressing the rules of debate. -- To call to the bar, to admit to practice in courts of law. -- To call up. (a) To bring into view or recollection; as to call up the image of deceased friend. (b) To bring into action or discussion; to demand the consideration of; as, to call up a bill before a legislative body. Syn. -- To name; denominate; invite; bid; summon; convoke; assemble; collect; exhort; warn; proclaim; invoke; appeal to; designate. To Call, Convoke, Summon. Call is the generic term; as, to call a public meeting. To convoke is to require the assembling of some organized body of men by an act of authority; as, the king convoked Parliament. To summon is to require attendance by an act more or less stringent anthority; as, to summon a witness. Call, v. i. 1. To speak in loud voice; to cry out; to address by name; -- sometimes with to. You must call to the nurse. Shak. The angel of God called to Hagar. Gen. xxi. 17. 2. To make a demand, requirement, or request. They called for rooms, and he showed them one. Bunyan. 3. To make a brief visit; also, to stop at some place designated, as for orders. He ordered her to call at the house once a week. Temple. To call for (a) To demand; to require; as, a crime calls for punishment; a survey, grant, or deed calls for the metes and bounds, or the quantity of land, etc., which it describes. (b) To give an order for; to request. \'bdWhenever the coach stopped, the sailor called for more ale.\'b8 Marryat. -- To call on, To call upon, (a) To make a short visit to; as, call on a friend. (b) To appeal to; to invite; to request earnestly; as, to call upon a person to make a speech. (c) To solicit payment, or make a demand, of a debt. (d) To invoke or play to; to worship; as, to call upon God. -- To call out To call or utter loudly; to brawl. Call (?), n. 1. The act of calling; -- usually with the voice, but often otherwise, as by signs, the sound of some instrument, or by writing; a summons; an entreaty; an invitation; as, a call for help; the bugle's call. \'bdCall of the trumpet.\'b8 Shak. I rose as at thy call, but found thee not. Milton. 2. A signal, as on a drum, bugle, trumpet, or pipe, to summon soldiers or sailors to duty. 3. (Eccl.) An invitation to take charge of or serve a church as its pastor. 4. A requirement or appeal arising from the circumstances of the case; a moral requirement or appeal. Dependence is a perpetual call upon hummanity. Addison. Running into danger without any call of duty. Macaulay. 5. A divine vocation or summons. St. Paul himself believed he did well, and that he had a call to it, when he persecuted the Christians. Locke. 6. Vocation; employment. [In this sense, calling is generally used.] 7. A short visit; as, to make a call on a neighbor; also, the daily coming of a tradesman to solicit orders. The baker's punctual call. Cowper. 8. (Hunting) A note blown on the horn to encourage the hounds. 9. (Naut.) A whistle or pipe, used by the boatswain and his mate, to summon the sailors to duty. 10. (Fowling) The cry of a bird; also a noise or cry in imitation of a bird; or a pipe to call birds by imitating their note or cry. 11. (Amer. Land Law) A reference to, or statement of, an object, course, distance, or other matter of description in a survey or grant reguiring or calling for a carresponding object, etc., on the land. 12. The privilege to demand the delivery of stock, grain, or any commodity, at a fixed, price, at or within a certain time agreed on. [Brokers' Cant] 13. See Assessment, 4. At call, On call, liable to be demanded at any moment without previous notice; as money on deposit. -- Call bird, a bird taught to allure others into a snare. -- Call boy (a) A boy who calls the actors in a theater; a boy who transmits the orders of the captain of a vessel to the engineer, helmsman, etc. (b) A waiting boy who answers a cal, or cames at the ringing of a bell; a bell boy. -- Call note, the note naturally used by the male bird to call the female. It is artifically applied by birdcatchers as a decoy. Latham. -- Call of the house (Legislative Bodies), a calling over the names of members, to discover who is absent, or for other purposes; a calling of names with a view to obtaining the ayes and noes from the persons named. -- Call to the bar, admission to practice in the courts. Cal"la (?), n. [Linn\'91us derived Calla fr. Gr. calla, calsa, name of an unknown plant, and Gr. (Bot.) A genus of plants, of the order Arace\'91. Calla of cultivation is Richardia Africana, belonging to another genus of the same order. Its large spathe is pure white, surrounding a fleshy spike, which is covered with minute apetalous flowers. Cal"lat (?), n. Same as Callet. [Obs.] A callat of boundless tongue. Shak. Calle (?), n. [See Caul.] A kind of head covering; a caul. [Obs.] Chaucer. Call"er (?), n. One who calls. \'d8Cal"ler (?), a. [Scot.] 1. Cool; refreshing; fresh; as, a caller day; the caller air. Jamieson. 2. Fresh; in good condition; as, caller berrings. Cal"let (?), n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael. caile a country woman, strumpet.] A trull or prostitute; a scold or gossip. [Obs.] [Written also callat.] Cal"let v. i. To rail or scold. [Obs.] Brathwait. Cal"lid (?), a. [L. callidus, fr. callere to be thick-skinned, to be hardened, to be practiced, fr. callum, callus, callous skin, callosity, callousness.] Characterized by cunning or shrewdness; crafty. [R.] Cal*lid"i*ty (?), n. [L. calliditas.] Acuteness of discernment; cunningness; shrewdness. [R.] Her eagly-eyed callidity. C. Smart. Cal*lig"ra*pher (?), n. One skilled in calligraphy; a good penman. { Cal`li*graph"ic (?), Cal`li*graph"ic*al (?), } a., [Gr. calligraphique.] Of or pertaining to calligraphy. Excellence in the calligraphic act. T. Warton. Cal*lig"ra*phist (?), n. A calligrapher Cal*lig"ra*phy, n. [Gr. calligraphie.] Fair or elegant penmanship. Call"ing (?), n. 1. The act of one who calls; a crying aloud, esp. in order to summon, or to attact the attention of, some one. 2. A summoning or convocation, as of Parliament. The frequent calling and meeting of Parlaiment. Macaulay. 3. A divine summons or invitation; also, the state of being divinely called. Who hath . . . called us with an holy calling. 2 Tim. i. 9. Give diligence to make yior calling . . . sure. 2 Pet. i. 10. 4. A naming, or inviting; a reading over or reciting in order, or a call of names with a view to obtaining an answer, as in legislative bodies. 5. One's usual occupation, or employment; vocation; business; trade. The humble calling of ter female parent. Thackeray. 6. The persons, collectively, engaged in any particular professions or employment. To impose celibacy on wholy callings. Hammond. 7. Title; appellation; name. [Obs.] I am more proud to be Sir Rowland's son His youngest son, and would not change that calling. Shak. Syn. -- Occupation; employment; business; trade; profession; office; engagement; vocation. Cal*li"o*pe (?), n. [L. Calliope, Gr. kalli- (from kallos beautiful) + 1. (Class. Myth.) The Muse that presides over eloquence and heroic poetry; mother of Orpheus, and chief of the nine Muses. 2. (Astron.) One of the astreids. See Solar. 3. A musical instrument consisting of series of steam whistles, toned to the notes of the scale, and played by keys arranged like those of an organ. It is sometimes attached to steamboat boilers. 4. (Zo\'94l.) A beautuful species of humming bird (Stellula Calliope) of California and adjacent regions. \'d8Cal`li*op"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pref. (Bot.) A popular name given to a few species of the genus Careopsis, especially to C. tinctoria of Arkansas. Cal`li*pash" (, n. See Calipash. Cal`li*pee" (, n. See Calipee. Cal`li*pers (, n. pl. See Calipers. Cal`li*sec"tion (?), n. [L. callere to be insensible + E. section.] Painless vivisection; -- opposed to sentisection. B. G. Wilder. { Cal`lis*then"ic, a., Cal`lis*then"ics (?), n. } See Calisthenic, Calisthenics. Cal"li*thump` (?), n. A somewhat riotous parade, accompanied with the blowing of tin horus, and other discordant noises; also, a burlesque serenade; a charivari. [U. S.] Cal`li*thump"i*an (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a callithump. [U. S.] Cal*lo"san (?), a. (Anat.) Of the callosum. Cal"lose (?), a. [See Callous.] (Bot.) Furnished with protuberant or hardened spots. Cal*los"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Callosities (#). [L. callasitas; cf. F. calost\'82.] A hard or thickened spot or protuberance; a hardening and thickening of the skin or bark of a part, eps. as a result of continued pressure or friction. \'d8Cal*lo"sum (?), n. [NL., fr. callosus callous, hard.] (Anat.) The great band commissural fibers which unites the two cerebral hemispheres. See corpus callosum, under Carpus. Cal"lot (?), n. A plant coif or skullcap. Same as Calotte. B. Jonson. Cal"lous (?), a. [L. callosus callous hard, fr. callum, callus, callous skin: cf. F. calleux.] 1. Hardenes; indurated. \'bdA callous hand.\'b8 Goldsmith. \'bdA callous ulcer.\'b8 Dunglison. 2. Hardened in mind; insensible; unfeeling; unsusceptible. \'bdThe callous diplomatist.\'b8 Macaulay. It is an immense blessing to be perfectly callous to ridicule. T. Arnold. Syn. -- Obdurate; hard; hardened; indurated; insensible; unfeeling; unsusceptible. See Obdurate. -- Cal"lous*ly, adv. -- Cal"lous*ness, n. A callousness and numbness of soul. Bentley. Cal"low (?), a. [OE. calewe, calu, bald, AS. calu; akin to D. kaal, OHG. chalo, G. Kuhl; cf. L. calvus.] 1. Destitute of feathers; naked; unfledged. An in the leafy summit, spied a nest, Which, o'er the callow young, a sparrow pressed. Dryden. 2. Immature; boyish; \'bdgreen\'b8; as, a callow youth. I perceive by this, thou art but a callow maid. Old Play [1675]. Cal*low" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) [Named from its note.] A kind of duck. See Old squaw. Cal"lus (?), n. [L. See Callous.] 1. (Med.) (a) Same as Callosity. (b The material of repair in fractures of bone; a substance exuded at the site of fracture, which is at first soft or cartilaginous in consistence, but is ultimately converted into true bone and unites the fragments into a single piece. 2. (Hort.) The new formation over the end of a cutting, before it puts out rootlets. Calm (?), n. [OE. calme, F. calme, fr. It. or Sp. calma (cf. Pg. calma heat), prob. fr. LL. cauma heat, fr. Gr. Caustic] Freodom from motion, agitation, or disturbance; a cessation or abeence of that which causes motion or disturbance, as of winds or waves; tranquility; stilness; quiet; serenity. The wind ceased, and there was a great calm. Mark. iv. 39. A calm before a storm is commonly a peace of a man's own making. South. Calm, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Calming.] [Cf. F. calmer. See Calm, n.] 1. To make calm; to render still or quet, as elements; as, to calm the winds. To calm the tempest raised by Eolus. Dryden. 2. To deliver from agitation or excitement; to still or soothe, as the mind or passions. Passions which seem somewhat calmed. Syn. -- To still; quiet; appease; ally; pacigy; tranquilize; soothe; compose; assuage; check; restrain. Calm (?), a. [compar. Calmer (?); super. Calmest (?)] 1. Not stormy; without motion, as of winds or waves; still; quiet; serene; undisturbed. \'bdCalm was the day.\'b8 Spenser. Now all is calm, and fresh, and still. Bryant. 2. Undisturbed by passion or emotion; not agitated or excited; tranquil; quiet in act or speech. \'bdCalm and sinless peace.\'b8 Milton. \'bdWith calm attention.\'b8 Pope. Such calm old age as conscience pure And self-commanding hearts ensure. Keble. Syn. -- Still; quiet; undisturbed; tranquil; peaceful; serene; composed; unruffled; sedate; collected; placid. Calm"er (?), n. One who, or that which, makes calm. Calm"ly (?), adv. In a calm manner. The gentle stream which calmly flows. Denham. Calm"ness, n. The state of quality of being calm; quietness; tranquillity; self-repose. The gentle calmness of the flood. Denham. Hes calmness was the repose of conscious power. E. Everett. Syn. -- Quietness; quietude; stillness; tranquillity; serenity; repose; composure; sedateness; placidity. Cal"mucks (?), n. pl.; sing. Calmuck. A branch of the Mongolian race inbabiting parts of the Russian and Chinese empires; also (sing.), the language of the Calmucks. [Written also Kalmucks.] Calm"y (?), a. [Fr. Calm, n.] Tranquil; peaceful; calm. [Poet.] \'bdA still and calmy day\'b8 Spenser. Cal"o*mel (?), n. [Gr. calom\'82las.] (Chem.) Mild chloride of mercury, Hg Cal`o*res"cence (?), n. [L. calor heat.] (Physics) The conversion of obscure radiant heat info kight; the transmutation of rays of heat into others of higher refrangibility. Tyndall. Ca*lor"ic (?), n. [L. calor heat; cf. F. calorique.] (Physics) The principle of heat, or the agent to which the phenomena of heat and combustion were formerly ascribed; -- not now used in scientific nomenclature, but sometimes used as a general term for heat. Caloric expands all bodies. Henry. Ca*lor"ic, a. Of or pertaining to caloric. Caloric engine, a kind of engine operated air. Cal`o*ric"ity (?), n. (Physiol.) A faculty in animals of developing and preserving the heat nesessary to life, that is, the animal heat. Ca*lor"i*duct (?), n. [L. calor heat (fr. calere to warm) + E. duct.] A tube or duct for conducting heat; a caliduct. Cal"o*rie (?), n. [F., fr. L. calor heat.] (Physics) The unit of heat according to the Frensc standard; the amount of heat requires to raise the temperature of one kilogram (sometimes, one gram) of water one degree centigrade, or from 0Foot pound. Ca*lor`i*fa"cient (?), a. (Physiol.) See Calorificient. Ca*lor"i*fere (?), n. [F. calorif\'8are, fr. L. calor heat + ferre to bear.] An apparatus for conveying and distributing heat, especially by means of hot water circulating in tubes. Ca*lor`i*fi"ant (?), a. (Physiol.) See Calorificient. Cal`o*rif"ic (?), a. [L. calorificus; calor heat + facere to make; cf. F. calorifique.] Possessing the quality of producing heat; heating. Calorific rays, the invisible, heating rays which emanate from the sum, and burning and heated bodies. Ca*lor`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. calorification.] Production of heat, esp. animal heat. Ca*lor`i*fi"clent (?), a. (Physiol.) Having, or relating to the power of producing heat; -- applied to foods which, being rich in carbon, as the fats, are supposed to give rise to heat in the animal body by oxidation. Cal`o*rim"e*ter (?), n. [L. calor heat + -meter; cf. F. calorim\'8atre.] 1. (Physiol.) An apparatus for measuring the amount of heat contained in bodies or developed by some mechanical or chemical process, as friction, chemical combination, combustion, etc. 2. (Engineering) An apparatus for measuring the proportion of unevaporated water contained in steam. Ca*lor`i*met"ric (?), a. Of or pertaining to process of using the calorimeter. Satisfactory calorimetric results. Nichol. Cal`o*rim"e*try (?), n. (Physics) Measurement of the quantities of heat in bodies. Ca*lor`i*mo"tor (?), n. [L. calor heat + E. motor.] (Physics) A voltaic battery, having a large surface of plate, and producing powerful heating effects. { \'d8Ca*lotte" (?), Cal"lot (?) }, n. [F. calotte, dim. of cale a sort of flat cap. Cf. Caul.] A close cap without visor or brim. Especially: (a) Such a cap, worn by English serjeants at law. (b) Such a cap, worn by the French cavalry under their helmets. (c) Such a cap, worn by the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church. To assume the calotte, to become a priest. Cal"o*type (?), n. [Gr. (Photog.) A method of taking photographic pictures, on paper sensitized with iodide of silver; -- also called Talbotype, from the inventor, Mr. Fox. Talbot. Ca*loy"er (?), n. [F., fr. NGr. A monk of the Greek Church; a cenobite, anchoret, or recluse of the rule of St. Basil, especially, one on or near Mt. Athos. Calque, v. t. See 2d Calk, v. t. { Cal"trop (?), Cal"trap (?), } n. [OE. calketrappe, calletrappe, caltor (in both senses), fr. AS. collr\'91ppe, calcetreppe, sort of thistle; cf. F. chaussetrape star thistle, trap, It. calcatreppo, calcatreppolo, star thistle. Perh. from L. calx heel + the same word as E. trap. See 1st Trap.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants (Tribulus) of the order Zygophylle\'91, having a hard several-celled fruit, armed with stout spines, and resembling the military instrument of the same name. The species grow in warm countries, and are often very annoying to cattle. 2. (Mil.) An instrument with four iron points, so disposed that, any three of them being on the ground, the other projects upward. They are scattered on the ground where an enemy's cavalry are to pass, to impede their progress by endangering the horses' feet. Ca*lum"ba (?), n. [from kalumb, its native name in Mozambique.] (Med.) The root of a plant (Jateorrhiza Calumba, and probably Cocculus palmatus), indigenous in Mozambique. It has an unpleasantly bitter taste, and is used as a tonic and antiseptic. [Written also colombo, columbo, and calombo.] American calumba, the Frasera Carolinensis, also called American gentian. Its root has been used in medicine as bitter tonic in place of calumba. Ca*lum"bin (?), n. (Chem.) A bitter principle extracted as a white crystalline substance from the calumba root. [Written also colombin, and columbin] Cal"u*met (?), n. [F. calumet, fr. L. calamus reed. See Halm, and cf. Shawm.] A kind of pipe, used by the North American Indians for smoking tobacco. The bowl is usually made of soft red stone, and the tube is a long reed often ornamented with feathers. Smoked the calumet, the Peace pipe, As a signal to the nations. Lowgfellow. calumet is used as a symbol of peace. To accept the calumet is to agree to terms of peace, and to refuse it is to reject them. The calumet of peace is used to seal or ratify contracts and alliances, and as an evidence to strangers that they are welcome. Ca*lum"ni*ate (?), v. i. [Imp. & p. p. Calumniated; p. pr. & vb. n. calumniating.] [L. calumniatus, p. p. of calumniari. See Calumny, and cf. Challenge, v. t.] To accuse falsely and maliciously of a crime or offense, or of something disreputable; to slander; to libel. Hatred unto the truth did always falsely report and calumniate all godly men's doings. Strype. Syn. -- To asperse; slander; defame; vilify; traduce; belie; bespatter; blacken; libel. See Asperse. Ca*lum"ni*ate, v. i. To propagate evil reports with a design to injure the reputation of another; to make purposely false charges of some offense or crime. Ca*lum`ni*a"tion (?), n. False accusation of crime or offense, or a malicious and false representation of the words or actions of another, with a view to injure his good name. The calumniation of her principal counselors. Bacon. Ca*lum`ni*a"tor (?), n. [L.] One who calumniates. Syn. -- Slanderer; defamer; libeler; traducer. Ca*lum"ni*a*to*ry (?), a. Containing calumny; slanderous. Montagu. Ca*lum"ni*ous (?), a. [L. calumniosus.] Containing or implying calumny; false, malicious, and injurious to reputation; slanderous; as, calumnious reports. Virtue itself 'scapes not calumnious strokes. Shak. . Slanderous; defamatory; scurrilous; opprobrious; derogatory; libelous; abusive. -- Ca*lum"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Ca*lum"ni*ous*ness, n. Cal"um*ny (?), n.; pl. Calumnies (#). [L. calumnia, fr. calvi to devise tricks, deceive; cf. F. calomnie. Cf. Challenge, n.] False accusation of a crime or offense, maliciously made or reported, to the injury of another; malicious misrepresentation; slander; detraction. \'bdInfamouse calumnies.\'b8 Motley. Be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as snow, thou shalt not escape calumny. Shak. \'d8Cal*va"ri*a (?), n. [L. See Calvary.] (Anat.) The bones of the cranium; more especially, the bones of the domelike upper portion. Cal"va*ry (?), n. [L. calvaria a bare skull, fr. calva the scalp without hair. fr. calvus bald; cf. F. calvaire.] 1. The place where Christ was crucified, on a small hill outside of Jerusalem. Luke xxiii. 33. calvaria is a translation of the Greek Golgotha. Dr. W. Smith. 2. A representation of the crucifixion, consisting of three crosses with the figures of Christ and the thieves, often as large as life, and sometimes surrounded by figures of other personages who were present at the crucifixion. 3. (Her.) A cross, set upon three steps; -- more properly called cross calvary. Calve (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Calved 3; p. pr. & vb. n. Calving.] [AS. cealfian. See Calf.] 1. To bring forth a calf. \'bdTheir cow calveth.\'b8 Job xxi. 10. 2. To bring forth young; to produce offspring. Canst thou mark when the hinds do calve? Job xxxix. 1. The grassy clods now calved. Molton. Cal"ver (?), v. i. 1. To cut in slices and pickle, as salmon. [Obs.] For a change, leave calvered salmon and eat sprats. Massinger. 2. To crimp; as, calvered salmon. Nares. Cal"ver, v. i. To bear, or be susceptible of, being calvered; as, grayling's flesh will calver. Catton. Calves"*snout (?), n. (Bot.) Snapdragon. Cal"vin*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. Calvinisme.] The theological tenets or doctrines of John Calvin (a French theologian and reformer of the 16th century) and his followers, or of the so-called calvinistic churches. five points of Calvinism, are original sin or total depravity, election or predestination, particular redemption, effectual calling, and the perseverance of the saints. It has been subject to many variations and modifications in different churches and at various times. Cal"vin*ist (?), n. [Cf. F. Calviniste.] A follower of Calvin; a believer in Calvinism. { Cal`vin*is"tic (?), Cal`vin*is"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to Calvin, or Calvinism; following Calvin; accepting or Teaching Calvinism. \'bdCalvinistic training.\'b8 Lowell. Cal"vin*ize (?), v. t. To convert to Calvinism. Calv"ish (?), a. Like a calf; stupid. Sheldon. Calx (?), n.; pl. E. Calxes (#), L. Calces (#). [L. Calx, calcis. limestone; cf. Gr. carraic rock Gael. carraig, W. careg, stone. Cf. Chalk.] 1. (Chem.) (a) Quicklime. [Obs.] (b) The substance which remains when a metal or mineral has been subjected to calcination or combustion by heat, and which is, or may be, reduced to a fine powder. oxides. 2. Broken and refuse glass, returned to the post. { Ca*lyc`i*flo"ral (?), cal*lyc`i*flo"rous (?), } a. [L. calyx, -ycis, calyx + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) Having the petals and stamens adnate to the calyx; -- applied to a subclass of dicotyledonous plants in the system of the French botanist Candolle. Ca*lyc"i*form (?), a. [L. calyx, calycis, calyx + -form.] (Bot.) Having the form or appearance of a calyx. { Ca*lyc"i*nal (?), Cal"y*cine (?), } a. (Bot.) Pertaining to a calyx; having the nature of a calyx. Cal"y*cle (?), n. [L.calyculus small flower bud, calyx, dim. of calyx. See Calyx, and cf. Calicle.] (Bot.) A row of small bracts, at the base of the calyx, on the outside. Cal"y*cled (?), a. (Bot.) Calyculate. \'d8Cal`y*co*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of acalephs of which Lucernaria is the type. The body is cup-shaped with eight marginal lobes bearing clavate tentacles. An aboral sucker serves for attachment. The interior is divided into four large compartments. See Lucernarida. Ca*lyc"u*lar (?), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the bracts of a calycle. { Ca*lyc"u*late (?), Ca*lyc"u*la`ted (?) }, a. (Bot.) Having a set of bracts resembling a calyx. Ca*lym"e*ne (?), n. [Gr. ( (Zo\'94l.) A genus of trilobites characteristic of the Silurian age. Cal"yon (?), n. Flint or pebble stone, used in building walls, etc. Haliwell. Ca*lyp"so (?), n. [The Latinized Greek name of a beautiful nymph.] (Bot.) A small and beautiful species of orchid, having a flower variegated with purple, pink, and yellow. It grows in cold and wet localities in the northern part of the United States. The Calypso borealis is the only orchid which reaches 68 Ca*lyp"tra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A little hood or veil, resembling an extinguisher in form and position, covering each of the small flaskike capsules which contain the spores of mosses; also, any similar covering body. Ca*lyp"tri*form (?), a. [Calyptra + -form.] Having the form a calyptra, or extinguisher. Ca"lyx (?), n.; pl. E. Calyxes (#), L. Calyces (#). [L. calyx, -ycis, fr. Gr. Chalice Helmet.] 1. (Bot.) The covering of a flower. See Flower. calyx is usually green and foliaceous, but becomes delicate and petaloid in such flowers as the anemone and the four-o'clock. Each leaf of the calyx is called a sepal. 2. (Anat.) A cuplike division of the pelvis of the kidney, which surrounds one or more of the renal papil\'91. Cal*zoons" (?), n. pl. [F. cale\'87ons (cf. It. calzoni breeches), fr. L. calceus shoe.] Drawers. [Obs.] Cam (?), n. [Dan. kam comb, ridge; or cf. W. Gael., and Ir., cam bet. See 1st Come.] 1. (Med.) (a) A turning or sliding piece which, by the shape of its periphery or face, or a groove in its surface, imparts variable or intermittent motion to, or receives such motion from, a rod, lever, or block brought into sliding or rolling contact with it. (b) A curved wedge, movable about an axis, used for forcing or clamping two pieces together. (c) A projecting part of a wheel or other moving piece so shaped as to give alternate or variable motion to another piece against which its acts. <-- p. 207 --> Cams are much used in machinery involving complicated, and irregular movements, as in the sewing machine, pin machine, etc. 2. A ridge or mound of earth. [Prow. Eng.] Wright. Cam wheel (Mach.), a wheel with one or more projections (cams) or depressions upon its periphery or upon its face; one which is set or shaped eccentrically, so that its revolutions impart a varied, reciprocating, or intermittent motion. Cam (?), a. [See Kam.] Crooked. [Obs.] Ca*ma"ieu (?), n. [F.; of unknown origin. Cf. Cameo.] 1. A cameo. [Obs.] Crabb. 2. (Fine Arts) Painting in shades of one color; monochrome. Mollett. Ca*mail" (?), n. [F. camail (cf. It. camaglio), fr. L. caput head + source of E. mail.] 1. (Ancient Armor) A neck guard of chain mall, hanging from the bascinet or other headpiece. 2. A hood of other material than mail; esp. (Eccl.), a hood worn in church services, -- the amice, or the like. \'d8Cam`a*ra*sau"rus (?), n. [NL. fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of gigantic American Jurassic dinosaurs, having large cavities in the bodies of the dorsal vertebr\'91. \'d8Ca`ma*ril"la (?), n. [Sp., a small room.] 1. The private audience chamber of a king. 2. A company of secret and irresponsible advisers, as of a king; a cabal or clique. Cam"ass (?), n. [American Indian name.] (Bot.) A blue-flowered liliaceous plant (Camassia esculenta) of northwestern America, the bulbs of which are collected for food by the Indians. [Written also camas, cammas, and quamash.] Eastern cammass is Camassia Fraseri. Cam"ber (?), n. [Of. cambre bent, curved; akin to F. cambrer to vault, to bend, fr. L. camerare to arch over, fr. camera vault, arch. See Chamber, and cf. Camerate.] 1. (Shipbuilding) An upward convexity of a deck or other surface; as, she has a high camber (said of a vessel having an unusual convexity of deck). 2. (Arch.) An upward concavity in the under side of a beam, girder, or lintel; also, a slight upward concavity in a straight arch. See Hogback. Camber arch (Arch.), an arch whose intrados, though apparently straight, has a slightly concave curve upward. -- Camber beam (Arch.), a beam whose under side has a concave curve upward. Cam"ber, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cambered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Cambering.] To cut bend to an upward curve; to construct, as a deck, with an upward curve. Cam"ber, v. i. To curve upward. Cam"ber*keeled (?), a. (Naut.) Having the keel arched upwards, but not actually hogged; -- said of a ship. Cam"bi*al (?), a. [LL. cambialis, fr. cambiars. See Change.] Belonging to exchanges in commerce; of exchange. [R.] Cam"bist (?), n. [F. cambiste, It. cambista, fr. L. cambire to exchange. See Change.] A banker; a money changer or broker; one who deals in bills of exchange, or who is skilled in the science of exchange. Cam"bist*ry (?), n. The science of exchange, weight, measures, etc. Cam"bi*um (?), n. [LL. cambium exchange, fr. L. cambire to exchange. It was supposed that cambium was sap changing into wood.] 1. (Bot.) A series of formative cells lying outside of the wood proper and inside of the inner bark. The growth of new wood takes place in the cambium, which is very soft. 2. (Med.) A fancied nutritive juice, formerly supposed to orgiginate in the blood, to repair losses of the system, and to promote its increase. Dunglison. Cam"blet (?), n. See Camlet. Cam*boge" (?), n. See Gamboge. Cam*boose" (?), n. (Naut.) See Caboose. Cam"bra*sine (?), n. A kind of linen cloth made in Egypt, and so named from its resemblance to cambric. Cam"brel (?), n. See Gambrel, n., 2. Wright. Cam"bri*a (?), n. The ancient Latin name of Wales. It is used by modern poets. Cam"bri*an (?), a. 1. (Geog.) Of or pertaining to Cambria or Wales. 2. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the lowest subdivision of the rocks of the Silurian or Molluscan age; -- sometimes described as inferior to the Silurian. It is named from its development in Cambria or Wales. See the Diagram under Geology. Cam"bri*an, n. 1. A native of Cambria or Wales. 2. (Geol.) The Cambrian formation. Cam"bric (?), n. [OE. camerike, fr. Cambrai (Flemish Kamerik), a city of France (formerly of Flanders), where it was first made.] 1. A fine, thin, and white fabric made of flax or linen. He hath ribbons of all the colors i' the rainbow; . . . inkles, caddises, cambrics, lawns. Shak. 2. A fabric made, in imitation of linen cambric, of fine, hardspun cotton, often with figures of various colors; -- also called cotton cambric, and cambric muslin. Cam"bro*Brit"on (?), n. A Welshman. Came (?), imp. of Come. Came (?), n. [Cf. Scot. came, caim, comb, and OE. camet silver.] A slender rod of cast lead, with or without grooves, used, in casements and stained-glass windows, to hold together the panes or pieces of glass. Cam"el (?), n. [Oe. camel, chamel, OF. camel, chamel, F. chameau L. camelus, fr. Gr. g\'bem\'bel, Ar. jamal. Cf. As. camel, fr. L. camelus.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A large ruminant used in Asia and Africa for carrying burdens and for riding. The camel is remarkable for its ability to go a long time without drinking. Its hoofs are small, and situated at the extremities of the toes, and the weight of the animal rests on the callous. The dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) has one bunch on the back, while the Bactrian camel (C. Bactrianus) has two. The llama, alpaca, and vicu\'a4a, of South America, belong to a related genus (Auchenia). 2. (Naut.) A watertight structure (as a large box or boxes) used to assist a vessel in passing over a shoal or bar or in navigating shallow water. By admitting water, the camel or camels may be sunk and attached beneath or at the sides of a vessel, and when the water is pumped out the vessel is lifted. Camel bird (Zo\'94l.), the ostrich. -- Camel locust (Zo\'94l.), the mantis. -- Camel's thorn (Bot.), a low, leguminous shrub (Alhagi maurorum) of the Arabian desert, from which exudes a sweetish gum, which is one of the substances called manna. Cam"el*backed` (?), a. Having a back like a camel; humpbacked. Fuller. Ca*me"le*on (?), n. See Chaceleon. [Obs.] Ca*mel"li*a (?), n. [NL.; -- named after Kamel, a Jesuit who is said to have brought it from the East.] (Bot.) An Asiatic genus of small shrubs, often with shining leaves and showy flowers. Camelia Japonica is much cultivated for ornament, and C. Sassanqua and C. Oleifera are grown in China for the oil which is pressed from their seeds. The tea plant is now referred to this genus under the name of Camellia Thea. Ca*mel"o*pard (?), n. [LL. camelopardus, L. camelopardalus, camelopardalis, fr. Gr. cam\'82lopard. The camelopard has a neck and head like a camel, and is spotted like a pard. See Camel, and Pard.] (Zo\'94l.) An African ruminant; the giraffe. See Giraffe. Came"lot (?), n. See Camelet. [Obs.] Cam"els*hair` (?), a. Of camel's hair. Camel's-hair pencil, a small brush used by painters in water colors, made of camel's hair or similar materials. -- Camel's-hair shawl. A name often given to a cashmere shawl. See Cashmere shawl under Cashmere. Cam"e*o (?), n.; pl. Cameos (#). [It cammeo; akin to F. cam\'82e, cama\'8beu, Sp. camafeo, LL. camaeus, camahutus; of unknown origin.] A carving in relief, esp. one on a small scale used as a jewel for personal adornment, or like. Cameo conch (Zo\'94l.), a large, marine, univalve shell, esp. Cassis cameo, C. rua, and allied species, used for cutting cameos. See Quern conch. Cam"e*ra (?), n.; pl. E. Cameras (#), L. Camerae (#). [L. vault, arch, LL., chamber. See Chamber.] A chamber, or instrument having a chamber. Specifically: The camera obscura when used in photography. See Camera, and Camera obscura. Bellows camera. See under Bellows. -- In camera (Law), in a judge's chamber, that is, privately; as, a judge hears testimony which is not fit for the open court in camera. -- Panoramic, Pantascopic, camera, a photographic camera in which the lens and sensitized plate revolve so as to expose adjacent parts of the plate successively to the light, which reaches it through a narrow vertical slit; -- used in photographing broad landscapes. Abney. Came"rade (?), n. See Comrade, [Obs.] Cam`e*ra*lis"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to finance and public revenue. Cam`e*ra*lis"tics (?), n. [Cf. F. cam\'82ralistique, G. kameralistik, fr. L. camera vault, LL., chamber, treasury.] The science of finance or public revenue. \'d8Cam"e*ra lu"ci*da (?). [L. camera chamber + L. lucidus, lucida, lucid, light.] (Opt.) An instrument which by means of a prism of a peculiar form, or an arrangement of mirrors, causes an apparent image of an external object or objects to appear as if projected upon a plane surface, as of paper or canvas, so that the outlines may conveniently traced. It is generally used with the microscope. \'d8Cam"e*ra ob*scu"ra (?). [LL. camera chamber + L. obscurus, obscura, dark.] (Opt.) 1. An apparatus in which the images of extermal objects, formed by a convex lens or a concave mirror, are thrown on a paper or other white surface placed in the focus of the lens or mirror within a darkened chamber, or box, so that the oulines may be traced. 2. (Photog.) An apparatus in which the image of an external object or objects is, by means of lenses. thrown upon a sensitized plate or surface placed at the back or an extensible darkened box or chamber variously modifled; -- commonly called simply the camera. Cam"er*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Camerated; p. pr. & vb. n. Camerzting.] [L. cameratus, p. p. of camerare. See Camber.] 1. To build in the form of a vault; to arch over. 2. To divide into chambers. Cam`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. cameratio.] A vaulting or arching over. [R.] \'d8Ca`mer*lin"go (?), n. [It.] The papal chamberlain; the cardinal who presides over the pope's household. He has at times possessed great power. [Written also camerlengo and camarlengo.] { Cam`e*ro"ni*an } (?), n. A follower of the Rev. Richard Cameron, a Scotch Covenanter of the time of Charies II. \'b5 Cameron and others refused to accept the \'bdindulgence\'bd offered the Presbyterian clergy, insisted on the Solemn league and Covenant, and in 1680 declared Charles II deposed for tyranny, breach of faith, etc. Cameron was killed at the battle of Airdmoss, but his followers became a denomination (afterwards called Reformed Presbyterians) who refused to recognize laws or institutions which they believed contrary to the kingdom of Christ, but who now avail themselves of political rights. Cam"is (?), n. [See Chemise.] A light, loose dress or robe. [Also written camus.] [Obs.] All in a camis light of purple silk. Spenser. { Cam`i*sade" (?), Cam`i*sa"do (?), } n. [F. camisade a night attack; cf. It. camiciata. See Camis.] [Obs.] (Mil.) (a) A shirt worn by soldiers over their uniform, in order to be able to recognize one another in a night attack. (b) An attack by surprise by soldiers wearing the camisado. Give them a camisado in night season. Holinshed. \'d8Cam"i*sard (?), n. [F.] One of the French Protestant insurgents who rebelled against Louis XIV, after the revocation of the edict of Nates; -- so called from the peasant's smock (camise) which they wore. Cam"i*sa`ted (?), a. Dressed with a shirt over the other garments. \'d8Cam"i*sole (?), n. [F. See chemise.] 1. A short dressing jacket for women. 2. A kind of straitjacket. Cam"let (?), n. [F. camelot (akin to Sp. camelote, chamelote, It. cambellbito, ciambellotto, LL. camelotum, camelinum, fr. Ar. khamlat camlet, fr. kaml pile, plush. The word was early confused with camel, camel's hair also being used in making it. Cf. Calamanco] A woven fabric originally made of camel's hair, now chiefly of goat's hair and silk, or of wool and cotton. [Sometimes written camelot and camblet.] Beck (Draper's Dict. ) Cam"let*ed, a. Wavy or undulating like camlet; veined. Sir T. Herbert. Cam"mas (?), n. (Bot.) See Camass. Cam"mock (?), n. [AS. cammoc.] (Bot.) A plant having long hard, crooked roots, the Ononis spinosa; -- called also rest-harrow. The Scandix Pecten-Veneris is also called cammock. { Cam"o*mile, Cham"o*mile } (?), n.[LL. camonilla, corrupted fr. Gr. Humble, and Melon.] (Bot.) A genus of herbs (Anthemis) of the Composite family. The common camomile, A. nobilis, is used as a popular remedy. Its flowers have a strong and fragrant and a bitter, aromatic taste. They are tonic, febrifugal, and in large doses emetic, and the volatile oil is carminative. \'d8Ca*mon"flet (?), n. [F.] (Mil.) A small mine, sometimes formed in the wall or side of an enemy's gallery, to blow in the earth and cut off the retreat of the miners. Farrow. { Ca"mous (?), Ca"moys (?), } a. [F. camus (equiv. to camard) flat-nosed, fr. Celtic Cam croked + suff. -us; akin to L. camur, camurus, croked.] Flat; depressed; crooked; -- said only of the nose. [Obs.] Ca"moused, (, a. [From Camouse] Depressed; flattened. [Obs.] Though my nose be cammoused. B. Jonson Ca"mous*ly, adv. Awry. [Obs.] Skelton. Camp (?), n. [F. camp, It. campo, fr. L. campus plant, fleld; akin to Gr. Campaing, Champ, n.] 1. The ground or spot on which tents, huts, etc., are erected for shelter, as for an army or for lumbermen, etc. Shzk. 2. A collection of tents, huts, etc., for shelter, commonly arranged in an orderly manner. Forming a camp in the neighborhood of Boston. W. Irving. 3. A single hut or shelter; as, a hunter's camp. 4. The company or body of persons encamped, as of soldiers, of surveyors, of lumbermen, etc. The camp broke up with the confusion of a flight. Macaulay. 5. (Agric.) A mound of earth in which potatoes and other vegetables are stored for protection against frost; -- called also burrow and pie. [Prov. Eng.] 6. [Cf. OE. & AS. camp contest, battle. See champion.] An ancient game of football, played in some parts of England. Halliwell. Camp bedstead, a light bedstead that can be folded up onto a small space for easy transportation. -- camp ceiling (Arch.), a kind ceiling often used in attics or garrets, in which the side walls are inclined inward at the top, following the slope of the rafters, to meet the plane surface of the upper ceiling. -- Camp chair, a light chair that can be folded up compactly for easy transportation; the seat and back are often made of strips or pieces of carpet. -- Camp fever, typhus fever. -- Camp follower, a civilian accompanying an army, as a sutler, servant, etc. -- Camp meeting, a religious gathering for open-air preaching, held in some retired spot, chiefty by Methodists. It usualy last for several days, during which those present lodge in tents, temporary houses, or cottages. -- Camp stool, the same as camp chair, except that the stool has no back. -- Flying camp (Mil.), a camp or body of troops formed for rapid motion from one place to another. Farrow. -- To pitch (a) camp, to set up the tents or huts of a camp. -- To strike camp, to take down the tents or huts of a camp. Camp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Camped (?); p. pr. & vb n. Camping.] To afford rest or lodging for, as an army or travelers. Had our great palace the capacity To camp this host, we all would sup together. Shak. <-- p. 208 -->\'3e Camp, v. i. 1. To pitch or prepare a camp; to encamp; to lodge in a camp; -- often with out. They camped out at night, under the stars. W. Irving. 2. [See Camp, n., 6] To play the game called camp. [Prov. Eng.] Tusser. Cam*pa"gna (?), n. [It. See Campaing.] An open level tract of country; especially \'bdCampagna di Roma.\'b8 The extensive undulating plain which surrounds Rome. \'d8Cam`pa`gnol" (?), n. [F. , fr. campagne field.] (Zo\'94l.) A mouse (Arvicala agrestis), called also meadow mouse, which often does great damage in fields and gardens, by feeding on roots and seeds. Cam*paign" (?), n. [F. campagne, It. campagna, fr. L. Campania the level country about Naples, fr. campus field. See Camp, and cf. Champaign, Champagne.] 1. An open field; a large, open plain without considerable hills. SeeChampaign. Grath. 2. (Mil.) A connected series of military operations forming a distinct stage in a war; the time during which an army keeps the field. Wilhelm. 3. Political operations preceding an election; a canvass. [Cant, U. S.] 4. (Metal.) The period during which a blast furnace is continuously in operation. Cam*paign" (?), v. i. To serve in a campaign. Cam*paign"er (?), n. One who has served in an army in several campaigns; an old soldier; a veteran. Cam*pa"na (?), n. [LL. campana bell. Cf. Campanle.] 1. (Eccl.) A church bell. 2. (Bot.) The pasque flower. Drayton. 3. (Doric Arch.) Same as Gutta. Cam*paned" (?), a. (Her.) Furnished with, or bearing, campanes, or bells. \'d8Cam`pa*ne"ro (?), n. [Sp., a bellman.] (Zo\'94l.) The bellbird of South America. See Bellbird. Cam*panes" (?), n. pl. [See Campana.] (Her.) Bells. [R.] \'d8Cam*pa"ni*a (?), n. [See Campaig.] Open country. Sir W. Temple. Cam*pan"i*form (?), a. [LL. campana bell + -form: cf. F. companiforme.] Bell-shaped. \'d8Cam`pa*ni"le (?), n. [It. campanile bell tower, steeple, fr. It. & LL. campana bell.] (Arch.) A bell tower, esp. one built separate from a church. Many of the campaniles od Italy are lofty and magnificent atructures. Swift. Cam`pa*nil"i*form (?), a. [See Campaniform.] Bell-shaped; campanulate; campaniform. Cam`pa*nol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in campanology; a bell ringer. Cam`pa*nol"o*gy (?), n. [LL. campana bell _ -logy.] The art of ringing bells, or a treatise on the art. \'d8Cam*pan"u*la (?), n. [LL. campanula a little bell; dim. of campana bell.] (Bot.) A large genus of plants bearing bell-shaped flowers, often of great beauty; -- also called bellflower. Cam*pan`u*la"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants (Camponulace\'91) of which Campanula is the type, and which includes the Canterbury bell, the harebell, and the Venus's looking-glass. Cam*pan`u*la"ri*an (?), n. [L. campanula a bell.] (Zo\'94l.) A hydroid of the family ampanularid\'91, characterized by having the polyps or zooids inclosed in bell-shaped calicles or hydrothec\'91. Cam*pan"u*late (?), a. (Bot.) Bell-shaped. Camp"bell*ite (?), n. [From Alexander Campbell, of Virginia.] (Eccl.) A member of the denomination called Christians or Disciples of Christ. They themselves repudiate the term Campbellite as a nickname. See Christian, 3. Cam*peach"y Wood` (?). [From the bay of Campeachy, in Mexico.] Logwood. Camp"er (?), n. One who lodges temporarily in a hut or camp. { Cam*pes"tral (?), Cam*pes"tri*an (?), } a. [L. campester, fr. campus field.] Relating to an open fields; drowing in a field; growing in a field, or open ground. Camp"tight` (?), n. [Cf. Camp, n., 6.] (O. Eng. Law.) A duel; the decision of a case by a duel. Cam"phene (?), n. (Chem.) One of a series of substances C10H16, resembling camphor, regarded as modified terpenes. Cam*phine" (?), n. [From Camphor.] Rectified oil of turpentine, used for burning in lamps, and as a common solvent in varnishes. Cam"phire (?), n. An old spelling of Camphor. Cam"pho*gen (?), n. [Camphor + -gen: -- formerly so called as derived from camphor: cf. F. camphog\'8ane.] (Chem.) See Cymene. Cam"phol (?), n. [Camphol + -ol.] (Chem.) See Borneol. Cam"phor (?), n. [OE. camfere, F. camphre (cf. It. camfara, Sp. camfara, alcanfor, LL. camfora, camphara, NGr. k\'bef\'d4r, prob. fr. Skr. karp\'d4ra.] 1. A tough, white, aromatic resin, or gum, obtained from different species of the Laurus family, esp. from Cinnamomum camphara (the Laurus camphara of Linn\'91us.). Camphor, C10H16O, is volatile and fragrant, and is used in medicine as a diaphoretic, a stimulant, or sedative. 2. A gum resembing ordinary camphor, obtained from a tree (Dryobalanops camphora) growing in Sumatra and Borneo; -- called also Malay camphor, camphor of Borneo, or borneol. See Borneol. camphor is also applied to a number of bodies of similar appearance and properties, as cedar camphor, obtained from the red or pencil cedar (Juniperus Virginiana), and peppermint camphor, or menthol, obtained from the oil of peppermint. Camphor oil (Chem.), name variously given to certain oil-like products, obtained especially from the camphor tree. -- Camphor tree, a large evergreen tree (Cinnamomum Camphora) with lax, smooth branches and shining triple-nerved lanceolate leaves, probably native in China, but now cultivated in most warm countries. Camphor is collected by a process of steaming the chips of the wood and subliming the product. Cam"phor (?), v. t. To impregnate or wash with camphor; to camphorate. [R.] Tatler. Cam`pho*ra"ceous (?), a. Of the nature of camphor; containing camphor. Dunglison. Cam"phor*ate (?), v. t. To impregnate or treat with camphor. Cam"phor*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. camphorate.] (Chem.) A salt of camphoric acid. { Cam"phor*ate (?), Cam"por*a`ted (?), }Combined or impregnated with camphor. Camphorated oil, an oleaginous preparation containing camphor, much used as an embrocation. Cam*phor"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. camphorique.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, camphor. Camphoric acid, a white crystallizable substance, C10H16O4, obtained from the oxidation of camphor. campholic acid, C10H18O2, and camphoronic acid, C9H12O5, white crystallizable substances. Cam*phret"ic (?), a. [rom Camphor.] Pertaining to, or derived from camphor. [R.] Camp"ing (?), n. 1. Lodging in a camp. 2. [See Camp, n., 6] A game of football. [Prov. Eng.] Cam"pi*on (?), n. [Prob. fr. L. campus field.] (Bot.) A plant of the Pink family (Cucubalus bacciferus), bearing berries regarded as poisonous. Bladder campion, a plant of the Pink family (Cucubalus Behen or Silene inflata), having a much inflated calyx. See Behen. -- Rose campion, a garden plant (Lychnis coronaria) with handsome crimsome crimson flowers. \'d8Cam"pus (?), n. [L., a field.] The principal grounds of a college or school, between the buildings or within the main inclosure; as, the college campus. Cam`py*lo*sper"mous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having seeds grooved lengthwise on the inner face, as in sweet cicely. Cam`py*lot"ro*pous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having the ovules and seeds so curved, or bent down upon themselves, that the ends of the embryo are brought close together. Cam"us (?), n. See Camis. [Obs.] Cam"wood (?), n. See Barwood. Can (?), an obs. form of began, imp. & p. p. of Begin, sometimes used in old poetry. [See Gan.] With gentle words he can faile gree. Spenser. Can, n. [OE. & AS. canne; akin to D. Kan, G. Kanne, OHG. channa, Sw. Kanna, Dan. kande.] 1. A drinking cup; a vessel for holding liquids. [Shak. ] Fill the cup and fill can, Have a rouse before the morn. Tennyson. 2. A vessel or case of tinned iron or of sheet metal, of various forms, but usually cylindrical; as, a can of tomatoes; an oil can; a milk can. can may be a cylinder open at the top, as for receiving the sliver from a carding machine, or with a removable cover or stopper, as for holding tea, spices, milk, oysters, etc., or with handle and spout, as for holding oil, or hermetically sealed, in canning meats, fruits, etc. The name is also sometimes given to the small glass or earthenware jar used in canning. Can (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Canned (?); p. pr. &vb. n. Canning.] To preserve by putting in sealed cans [U. S.] \'bdCanned meats\'b8 W. D. Howells. Canned goods, a general name for fruit, vegetables, meat, or fish, preserved in hermetically sealed cans. Can (?), v. t. & i. [The transitive use is obsolete.] [imp. Could (#).] [OE. cunnen, cannen (1st sing. pres. I can), to know, know how, be able, AS. cunnan, 1st sing. pres. ic cann or can, pl. cunnon, 1st sing. imp. c\'d4\'ebe (for cun\'ebe); p. p. c\'d4\'eb (for cun\'eb); akin to OS. Kunnan, D. Kunnen, OHG. chunnan, G. k\'94nnen, Icel. kunna, Goth. Kunnan, and E. ken to know. The present tense I can (AS. ic cann) was originally a preterit, meaning I have known or Learned, and hence I know, know how. \'fb45. See Ken, Know; cf. Con, Cunning, Uncouth.] 1. To know; to understand. [Obs.] I can rimes of Rodin Hood. Piers Plowman. I can no Latin, quod she. Piers Plowman. Let the priest in surplice white, That defunctive music can. Shak. 2. To be able to do; to have power or influence. [Obs.] The will of Him who all things can. Milton. For what, alas, can these my single arms? Shak. M\'91c\'91nas and Agrippa, who can most with C\'91sar. Beau. & Fl. 3. To be able; -- followed by an infinitive without to; as, I can go, but do not wish to. Syn. -- Can but, Can not but. It is an error to use the former of these phrases where the sens requires the latter. If we say, \'bdI can but perish if I go,\'b8 \'bdBut\'b8 means only, and denotes that this is all or the worst that can happen. When the apostle Peter said. \'bdWe can not but speak of the things which we have seen and heard.\'b8 he referred to a moral constraint or necessety which rested upon him and his associates; and the meaning was, We cannot help speaking, We cannot refrain from speaking. This idea of a moral necessity or constraint is of frequent occurrence, and is also expressed in the phrase, \'bdI can not help it.\'b8 Thus we say. \'bdI can not but hope,\'b8 \'bdI can not but believe,\'b8 \'bdI can not but think,\'b8 \'bdI can not but remark,\'b8 etc., in cases in which it would be an error to use the phrase can but. Yet he could not but acknowledge to himself that there was something calculated to impress awe, . . . in the sudden appearances and vanishings . . . of the masque De Quincey. Tom felt that this was a rebuff for him, and could not but understand it as a left-handed hit at his employer. Dickens. Ca"naan*ite (?), n. 1. A descendant of Canaan, the son of Ham, and grandson of Noah. 2. A Native or inbabitant of the land of Canaan, esp. a member of any of the tribes who inhabited Canaan at the time of the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt. Ca"naan*ite, n. [From an Aramaic word signifying \'bdzeal.\'b8] A zealot. \'bdSimon the Canaanite.\'b8 Matt. x. 4. Luke vi. 15), i.e., Simon the zealot. Kitto. Ca"naan*i`tish (?), a. Of or pertaining to Canaan or the Canaanites. \'d8Ca*\'a4a"da (?), n. [Sp.] A small ca\'a4on; a narrow valley or glen; also, but less frequently, an open valley. [Local, Western U. S.] Can"a*da (?), n. A British province in North America, giving its name to various plants and animals. Canada balsam. See under Balsam. -- Canada goose. (Zo\'94l.) See Whisky Jack. -- Canada lynx. (Zo\'94l.) See Lynx. -- Canada porcupine (Zo\'94l.) See Porcupine, and Urson. -- Canada rice (Bot.) See under Rick. -- Canada robin (Zo\'94l.), the cedar bird. Ca*na"di*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Canada. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Canada. Canadian period (Geol.), A subdivision of the American Lower Silurian system embracing the calciferous, Quebec, and Chazy epochs. This period immediately follows the primordial or Cambrian period, and is by many geologists regarded as the beginning of the Silurian age, See the Diagram, under Geology. Ca*naille" (?), n. [F. canaille (cf. It. canaglia), prop. and orig. a pack of dogs, fr. L. Canis dog.] 1. The lowest class of people; the rabble; the vulgar. 2. Shorts or inferior flour. [Canadian] Can"a*kin (?), n. [Dim. of can.] A little can or cup. \'bdAnd let me the canakin clink.\'b8 Shak. Ca*nal" (?), n. [F. canal, from L. canalis canal, channel; prob. from a root signifying \'bdto cut\'b8; cf. D. kanaal, fr. the French. Cf. Channel, Kennel gutter.] 1. An artificial channel filled with water and designed for navigation, or for irrigating land, etc. 2. (Anat.) A tube or duct; as, the alimentary canal; the semicircular canals of the ear. Canal boat, a boat for use on a canal; esp. one of peculiar shape, carrying freight, and drawn by horses walking on the towpath beside the canal. Canal lock. See Lock. Can"al coal` (?). See Cannel coal. { Can`a*lic"u*late (?), Can`a*lic"u*la`ted (?), } a. [L. canaliculatus channeled, fr. canaliculus, dim. of canalis. See Canal.] Having a channel or groove, as in the leafstalks of most palms. \'d8Can`a*lic"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Canaliculi (#). [L.] (Anat.) A minute canal. Ca*nal`i*za"tion (?), n. Construction of, or furnishing with, a canal or canals. [R.] Ca*nard" (?), n. [F., properly, a duck.] An extravagant or absurd report or story; a fabricated sensational report or statement; esp. one set afloat in the newspapers to hoax the public. Can`a*rese" (?), a. Pertaining to Canara, a district of British India. Ca*na"ry (?), a. [F. Canarie, L. Canaria insula one of the Canary islands, said to be so called from its large dogs, fr. canis dog.] 1. Of or pertaining to the Canary Islands; as, canary wine; canary birds. 2. Of a pale yellowish color; as, Canary stone. Canary grass, a grass of the genus Phalaris (P. Canariensis), producing the seed used as food for canary birds. -- Canary stone (Min.), a yellow species of carnelian, named from its resemblance in color to the plumage of the canary bird. -- Canary wood, the beautiful wood of the trees Persea Indica and P. Canariensis, natives of Madeira and the Canary Islands. -- Canary vine. See Canary bird flower, under Canary bird. Ca*na"ry, n.; pl. Canaries (#). 1. Wine made in the Canary Islands; sack. \'bdA cup of canary.\'b8 Shak. 2. A canary bird. 3. A pale yellow color, like that of a canary bird. 4. A quick and lively dance. [Obs.] Make you dance canary With sprightly fire and motion. Shak. Ca*na"ry (?), v. i. To perform the canary dance; to move nimbly; to caper. [Obs.] But to jig of a tune at the tongue's end, canary to it with your feet. Shak. Ca*na"ry bird` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A small singing bird of the Finch family (Serinus Canarius), a native of the Canary Islands. It was brought to Europe in the 16th century, and made a household pet. It generally has a yellowish body with the wings and tail greenish, but in its wild state it is more frequently of gray or brown color. It is sometimes called canary finch.<-- and canary. --> <-- p. 209 --> Canary bird flower (Bot.), a climbing plant (Trop\'91olum peregrinum) with canary-colored flowers of peculiar form; -- called also canary vine. Ca*nas"ter (?), n. [Sp. canasta, canastro, basket, fr. L. canistrum. See Canister.] A kind of tobacco for smoking, made of the dried leaves, coarsely broken; -- so called from the rush baskets in which it is packed in South America. McElrath. Can" buoy` (?). See under Buoy, n. \'d8Can"can (?), n. [F.] A rollicking French dance, accompanied by indecorous or extravagant postures and gestures. Can"cel (?), v. i. [Imp. & p. p. Canceled Cancelled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Canceling Cancelling.] [L. cancellare to make like a lattice, to strike or cross out (cf. Fr. canceller, OF. canceler) fr. cancelli lattice, crossbars, dim. of cancer lattice; cf. Gr. Chancel.] 1. To inclose or surround, as with a railing, or with latticework. [Obs.] A little obscure place canceled in with iron work is the pillar or stump at which . . . our Savior was scourged. Evelyn. 2. To shut out, as with a railing or with latticework; to exclude. [Obs.] \'bdCanceled from heaven.\'b8 Milton. 3. To cross and deface, as the lines of a writing, or as a word or figure; to mark out by a cross line; to blot out or obliterate. A deed may be avoided by delivering it up to be cancelled; that is, to have lines drawn over it in the form of latticework or cancelli; the phrase is now used figuratively for any manner of obliterating or defacing it. Blackstone. 4. To annul or destroy; to revoke or recall. The indentures were canceled. Thackeray. He was unwilling to cancel the interest created through former secret services, by being refractory on this occasion. Sir W. Scott. 5. (Print.) To suppress or omit; to strike out, as matter in type. Canceled figures (Print), figures cast with a line across the face., as for use in arithmetics. Syn. -- To blot out; Obliterate; deface; erase; efface; expunge; annul; abolish; revoke; abrogate; repeal; destroy; do away; set aside. See Abolish. Can"cel, n. [See Cancel, v. i., and cf. Chancel.] 1. An inclosure; a boundary; a limit. [Obs.] A prison is but a retirement, and opportunity of serious thoughts, to a person whose spirit . . . desires no enlargement beyond the cancels of the body. Jer. Taylor. 2. (Print) (a) The suppression on striking out of matter in type, or of a printed page or pages. (b) The part thus suppressed. Can`cel*ier" (?), v. i. [F. chanceler, OF. canseler, to waver, orig. to cross the legs so as not to fall; from the same word as E. cancel.] (Falconry) To turn in flight; -- said of a hawk. [Obs.] Nares. He makes his stoop; but wanting breath, is forced To cancelier. Massinger. { Can`cel*ier" (?), Can"cel*eer (?) }, n. (Falconry) The turn of a hawk upon the wing to recover herself, when she misses her aim in the stoop. [Obs.] The fierce and eager hawks, down thrilling from the skies, Make sundry canceliers are they the fowl can reach. Drayton. Can`cel*la"re*an (?), a. Cancellarean. [R.] Can"cel*late (?), a. [L. cancellatus, p. p. of cancellare, See Cancel, v. t.] 1. (Bot.) Consisting of a network of veins, without intermediate parenchyma, as the leaves of certain plant; latticelike. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Having the surface coveres with raised lines, crossing at right angles. Can"cel*la`ted (?), a. 1. Crossbarres; marked with cross lines. Grew. 2. (Anat.) Open or spongy, as some porous bones. Can`cel*la"tion (?), n. [L. cancellatio: cf. F. cancellation.] 1. The act, process, or result of canceling; as, the cansellation of certain words in a contract, or of the contract itself. 2. (Math.) The operation of striking out common factora, in both the dividend and divisor. \'d8Can*cel"li (?), n. pl. [L., a lattice. See Cancel, v. t.] 1. An interwoven or latticed wall or inclosure; latticework, rails, or crossbars, as around the bar of a court of justice, between the chancel and the have of a church, or in a window. 2. (Anat.) The interlacing osseous plates constituting the elastic porous tissue of certain parts of the bones, esp. in their articular extremities. Can"cel*lous (?), a. [Cf. L. cancellosus covered with bars.] (Anat.) Having a spongy or porous stracture; made up of cancelli; cancellated; as, the cancellous texture of parts of many bones. Can"cer (?), n. [L. cancer, cancri, crab, ulcer, a sign of the zodiac; akin to Gr. karka crab, and prob. Skr. karkara hard, the crab being named from its hard shell. Cf. Canner, Chancre.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of decapod Crustacea, including some of the most common shore crabs of Europe and North America, as the rock crab, Jonah crab, etc. See Crab. 2. (Astron.) (a) The fourth of the twelve signs of the zodiac. The first point is the northern limit of the sun's course in summer; hence, the sign of the summer solstice. See Tropic. (b) A northern constellation between Gemini and Leo. 3. (Med.) Formerly, any malignant growth, esp. one attended with great pain and ulceration, with cachexia and progressive emaciation. It was so called, perhaps, from the great veins which surround it, compared by the ancients to the claws of a crab. The term it now restricted to such a growth made up of aggregations of epithelial cells, either without support or embedded in the meshes of a trabecular framework. (1) Epithelial cancer, or Epithelioma, in which there is no trabecular framework. See Epithelioma. (2) Scirrhous cancer, or Hard cancer, in which the framework predominates, and the tumor is of hard consistence and slow growth. (3) Encephaloid, Medullary, or Soft cancer, in which the cellular element predominates, and the tumor is soft, grows rapidy, and often ulcerates. (4) Colloid cancer, in which the cancerous structure becomes gelatinous. The last three varieties are also called carcinoma. Cancer cells, cells once believed to be peculiar to cancers, but now know to be epithelial cells differing in no respect from those found elsewhere in the body, and distinguished only by peculiarity of location and grouping. -- Cancer root (Bot.), the name of several low plants, mostly parasitic on roots, as the beech drops, the squawroot, etc. -- Tropic of Cancer. See Tropic. Can"cer*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cancerated.] [LL. canceratus eaten by a cancer. See Cancer.] To grow into a canser; to become cancerous. Boyle. Can`cer*a"tion (?), n. The act or state of becoming cancerous or growing into a cancer. Can"cer*ite (?), n. [Cf. F. canc\'82reux.] Like a cancer; having the qualities or virulence of a cancer; affected with cancer. \'bdCancerous vices.\'b8 G. Eliot. -- Can"cer*ous*ly, adv. -- Can"cer*ous*ness, n. Can"cri*form (?), a. [Cancer + -form; cf. F. cancriforme.] 1. Having the form of, or resembling, a crab; crab-shaped. 2. Like a cancer; cancerous. Can"crine (?), a. [From Cancer.] Having the qualities of a crab; crablike. Can"cri*nite (?), n. [Named after Count Cancrin, a minister of finance in Russia.] (Min.) A mineral occurring in hexagonal crystals, also massive, generally of a yellow color, containing silica, alumina, lime, soda, and carbon dioxide. Can"croid (?), a. [Cancer + oid.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Resembling a crab; pertaining to the Cancroidea, one of the families of crabs, including the genus Cancer. 2. Like a cancer; as, a cancroid tumor. Cand (?), n. Fluor spar. See Kand. Can`de*la"brum (?) n.; pl. L. Candelabra (#), E. Candelabrums (#). [L., fr. candela candle. See candle.] 1. (Antiq.) (a) A lamp stand of any sort. (b) A highly ornamented stand of marble or other ponderous material, usually having three feet, -- frequently a votive offering to a temple. 2. A large candlestick, having several branches. Can`dent (?), a. [L. candens, p. pr. of cand\'89re to glitter. See Candid.] Heated to whiteness; glowing with heat. \'bdA candent vessel.\'b8 Boyle. \'d8Can"de*ros (?), n. An East Indian resin, of a pellucid white color, from which small ornaments and toys are sometimes made. Can*des"cence (?), n. See Inclandescence. Can"di*cant (?), a. [L. candicans, p. pr. of candicare to be whitish.] Growing white. [Obs.] <-- #sic. glowing white? --> Can*did (?), a. [F. candide (cf. It. candido), L. candidus white, fr. cand\'89re to be of a glowing white; akin to accend, incend, to set on fire, Skr. chand to shane. Cf. Candle, Incense.] 1. White. [Obs.] The box receives all black; but poured from thence, The stones came candid forth, the hue of innocence. Dryden. 2. Free from undue bias; disposed to think and judge according to truth and justice, or without partiality or prejudice; fair; just; impartial; as, a candid opinion. \'bdCandid and dispassionate men.\'b8 W. Irving. 3. Open; frank; ingenuous; outspoken. Syn. -- Fair; open; ingenuous; impartial; just; frank; artless; unbiased; equitable. -- Candid, Fair, Open, Frank, Ingenuous. A man is fair when he puts things on a just or equitable footing; he is candid when be looks impartially on both sides of a subject, doing justice especially to the motives and conduct of an opponent; he is open and frank when he declares his sentiments without reserve; he is ingenuous when he does this from a noble regard for truth. Fair dealing; candid investigation; an open temper; a frank disposition; an ingenuous answer or declaration. Can"di*da*cy (?), n. The position of a candidate; state of being a candidate; candidateship. Can"di*date (?), n. [L. Candidatus, n. (because candidates for office in Rome were clothed in a white toga.) fr. candidatus clothed in white, fr. candiduslittering, white: cf. F. candidat.] One who offers himself, or is put forward by others, as a suitable person or an aspirant or contestant for an office, privilege, or honor; as, a candidate for the office of governor; a candidate for holy orders; a candidate for scholastic honors. Can"di*date*ship, n. Candidacy. Can"di*da`ting (?), n. The taking of the position of a candidate; specifically, the preaching of a clergyman with a view to settlement. [Cant, U. S.] Can"di*da*ture (?), n. Candidacy. Can"did*ly (?), adv. In a candid manner. Can"did*ness, n. The quality of being candid. Can"died (?), a. [From 1st Candy.] 1. Preserved in or with sugar; incrusted with a candylike substance; as, candied fruits. 2. (a) Converted wholly or partially into sugar or candy; as candied sirup. (b) Conted or more or less with sugar; as, candidied raisins. (c) Figuratively; Honeyed; sweet; flattering. Let the candied tongue lick absurd pomp. Shak. 3. Covered or incrusted with that which resembles sugar or candy. Will the cold brook, Candiedwith ice, caudle thy morning tast? Shak. Can"di*fy (?), v. t. [L. candificare; cand\'89re to be white + -facere to make.] To make or become white, or candied. [R.] Can"di*ot (?), a. [Cf. F. candiote.] Of or pertaining to Candia; Cretary. Can"dite (?), n. (Min.) A variety of spinel, of a dark color, found at Candy, in Ceylon. Can"dle (?), n. [OE. candel, candel, AS, candel, fr. L. candela a (white) light made of wax or tallow, fr. cand\'89re to be white. See Candid, and cf. Chandler, Cannel, Kindle.] 1. A slender, cylindrical body of tallow, containing a wick composed of loosely twisted linen of cotton threads, and used to furnish light. How far that little candle throws his beams! So shines a good deed in a naughty world. Shak. candles\'b8), or by casting or running in a mold. 2. That which gives light; a luminary. By these blessed candles of the night. Shak. Candle nut, the fruit of a euphorbiaceous shrub (Aleurites triloba), a native of some of the Pacific islands; -- socalled because, when dry, it will burn with a bright flame, and is used by the natives as a candle. The oil has many uses. -- Candle power (Photom.), illuminating power, as of a lamp, or gas flame, reckoned in terms of the light of a standard candle. Electric candle, A modification of the electric arc lamp, in which the carbon rods, instead of being placed end to end, are arranged side by side, and at a distance suitable for the formation of the arc at the tip; -- called also, from the name of the inventor, Jablockoff candle. -- Excommunication by inch of candle, a form of excommunication in which the offender is allowed time to repent only while a candle burns. -- Not worth the candle, not worth the cost or trouble. -- Rush candle, a candle made of the pith of certain rushes, peeled except on one side, and dipped in grease. -- Sale by inch of candle, an auction in which persons are allowed to bid only till a small piece of candle burns out. -- Standard candle (Photom.), a special form of candle employed as a standard in photometric measurements; usually, a candle of spermaceti so constructed as to burn at the rate of 120 grains, or 7.8 grams, per hour. -- To curse by bell, book and candle. See under Bell. Can"dle*ber`ry tree (?). (Bot.) A shrub (the Myrica cerifera, or wax-bearing myrtle), common in North America, the little nuts of which are covered with a greenish white wax, which was formerly, used for hardening candles; -- also called bayberry tree, bayberry, or candleberry. Can"dle*bomb` (#), n. 1. A small glass bubble, filled with water, which, if placed in the flame of a candle, bursts by expansion of steam. 2. A pasteboard shell used in signaling. It is filled with a composition which makes a brilliant light when it explodes. Farrow. Can"dle coal` (#). See Cannel coal. Can"dle*fish` (#), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A marine fish (Thaleichthys Pacificus), allied to the smelt, found on the north Pacific coast; -- called also eulachon. It is so oily that, when dried, it may be used as a candle, by drawing a wick through it. (b) The beshow. Can"dle*hold`er (#), n. One who, or that which, holds a candle; also, one who assists another, but is otherwise not of importance. Shak. Can"dle*light`, n. The light of a candle. Never went by candlelight to bed. Dryden. Can"dle*mas (#), n. [AS. candelm\'91sse, candel candle _ m\'91sse mass.] The second day of February, on which is celebrated the feast of the Purification of the Virgin Mary; -- so called because the candles for the altar or other sacred uses are blessed on that day. Can"dle*stick` (?), n. [AS. candel-sticca; candel candle + sticca stick.] An instrument or utensil for supporting a candle. Can"dle*wast`er (?), n. One who consumes candles by being up late for study or dissipation. A bookworm, a candlewaster. B. Jonson. Can"dock (?) n. [Prob. fr. can + dock (the plant). Cf. G. kannenkraut horsetail, lit. \'bdcanweed.\'b8] (Bot.) A plant or weed that grows in rivers; a species of of Equisetum; also, the yellow frog lily (Nuphar luteum). Can"dor (?), n. [Written also candour.] [L. candor, fr. cand\'89re; cf. F. candeur. See candid.] 1. Whiteness; brightness; (as applied to moral conditions) usullied purity; innocence. [Obs.] Nor yor unquestioned integrity Shall e'er be sullied with one taint or spot That may take from your innocence and candor. Massinger. 2. A disposition to treat subjects with fairness; freedom from prejudice or disguise; frankness; sincerity. Attribute superior sagacity and candor to those who held that side of the question. Whewell. Can"droy (?), n. A machine for spreading out cotton cloths to prepare them for printing. Can"dy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Candied (?); p. pr & vb. n. Candying.] [F. candir (cf. It. candire, Sp. az\'a3car cande or candi), fr. Ar. & Pers. qand, fr. Skr. Kha\'c9\'c8da piece, sugar in pieces or lumps, fr. kha\'c9\'c8, kha\'c8 to break.] 1. To conserve or boil in sugar; as, to candy fruits; to candy ginger. 2. To make sugar crystals of or in; to form into a mass resembling candy; as, to candy sirup. 3. To incrust with sugar or with candy, or with that which resembles sugar or candy. Those frosts that winter brings Which candy every green. Drayson. <-- p. 210 --> Can"dy (?), v. i. 1. To have sugar crystals form in or on; as, fruits preserved in sugar candy after a time. 2. To be formed into candy; to solidify in a candylike form or mass. Can"dy n. [F. candi. See Candy, v. t.] A more or less solid article of confectionery made by boiling sugar or molasses to the desired consistency, and than crystallizing, molding, or working in the required shape. It is often flavored or colored, and sometimes contains fruit, nuts, etc. \'d8Candy, n. [Mahratta kha\'c9\'c8\'c6, Tamil ka\'c9\'c8i.] A weight, at Madras 500 pounds, at Bombay 560 pounds. Can"dy*tuft` (?), n. (Bot.) An annual plant of the genus Iberis, cultivated in gardens. The name was originally given to the I. umbellata, first, discovered in the island of Candia. Cane (?), n. [OE. cane, canne, OF. cane, F. canne, L. canna, fr. Gr. q\'beneh reed. Cf. Canister, canon, 1st Cannon.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A name given to several peculiar palms, species of Calamus and D\'91manorops, having very long, smooth flexible stems, commonly called rattans. (b) Any plant with long, hard, elastic stems, as reeds and bamboos of many kinds; also, the sugar cane. (c) Stems of other plants are sometimes called canes; as, the canes of a raspberry. Like light canes, that first rise big and brave. B. Jonson. great cane is the Arundinaria macrosperma, and small cane is. A. tecta. 2. A walking stick; a staff; -- so called because originally made of one the species of cane. Stir the fire with your master's cane. Swift. 3. A lance or dart made of cane. [R.] Judgelike thou sitt'st, to praise or to arraign The flying skirmish of the darted cane. Dryden. 4. A local European measure of length. See Canna. Cane borer (Zo\'94.), A beetle (Oberea bimaculata) which, in the larval state, bores into pith and destroy the canes or stalks of the raspberry, blackberry, etc. -- Cane mill, a mill for grinding sugar canes, for the manufacture of sugar. -- Cane trash, the crushed stalks and other refuse of sugar cane, used for fuel, etc. Cane (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Caning.] 1. To beat with a cane. Macaulay. 2. To make or furnish with cane or rattan; as, to cane chairs. Cane"brake (?), n. A thicket of canes. Ellicott. Caned (?), a. [Cf. L. canus white.] Filled with white flakes; mothery; -- said vinegar when containing mother. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. \'d8Ca*nel"la (?), n. [LL. (OE. canel, canelle, cinnamon, fr. F. cannelle), Dim. of L. canna a reed. Canella is so called from the shape of the rolls of prepared bark. See Cane.] (Bot.) A genus of trees of the order Canellace\'91, growing in the West Indies. Canella alba, and its bark is a spice and drug exported under the names of wild cinnamon and whitewood bark. Ca*nes"cent (?), a. [L. canescens, p. pr. of canescere, v. inchoative of canere to be white.] Growing white, or assuming a color approaching to white. Can" hook` (?). A device consisting of a short rope with flat hooks at each end, for hoisting casks or barrels by the ends of the staves. \'d8Can*nic"u*la (?), n. [L. canicula, lit., a little dog, a dim of canis dog; cf. F. canicule.] (Astron.) The Dog Star; Sirius. Ca*nic"u*lar (?), a. [L. canicularis; cf. F. caniculaire.] Pertaining to, or measured, by the rising of the Dog Star. Canicular days, the dog days, See Dog days. -- Canicular year, the Egyptian year, computed from one heliacal rising of the Dog Star to another. Can"i*cule (?), n. Canicula. Addison. Ca*ni"nal (?), a. See Canine, a. Ca*nine" (?), a. [L. caninus, fr. canis dog: cf. F. canin. See Hound.] 1. Of or pertaining to the family Canid\'91, or dogs and wolves; having the nature or qualities of a dog; like that or those of a dog. 2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pointed tooth on each side the incisors. Canine appetite, a morbidly voracious appetite; bulimia. -- Canine letter, the letter r. See R. -- Canine madness, hydrophobia. -- Canine toth, a toth situated between the incisor and bicuspid teeth, so called because well developen in dogs; usually, the third tooth from the front on each side of each jaw; an eyetooth, or the corresponding tooth in the lower jaw. Ca*nine", n. (Anat.) A canine tooth. \'d8Ca"nis (?), n.; pl. Canes 3. [L., a dog.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of carnivorous mammals, of the family Canid\'91, including the dogs and wolves. \'d8Canis major [L., larger dog], a constellation to the southeast of Orion, containing Sirius or the Dog Star. -- \'d8Canis minor [L., smaller dog], a constellation to the east of Orion, containing Procyon, a star of the first magnitude. Can"is*ter (?), n. [L. canistrum a basket woven from reeds Gr. canistre. See Cane, and Canaster.] 1. A small basket of rushes, or wilow twigs, etc. 2. A small box or case for holding tea, coffee, etc. 3. (Mil.) A kind of case shot for cannon, in which a number of lead or iron balls in layers are inclosed in a case fitting the gun; -- called also canister shot, Can"ker (?), n. [OE. canker, cancre, AS. cancer (akin to D. kanker, OHG chanchar.), fr. L. cancer a cancer; or if a native word, cf. Gr. cancre, F. chancere, fr. L. cancer. See cancer, and cf. Chancre.] 1. A corroding or sloughing ulcer; esp. a spreading gangrenous ulcer or collection of ulcers in or about the mouth; -- called also water canker, canker of the mouth, and noma. 2. Anything which corrodes, corrupts, or destroy. The cankers of envy and faction. Temple. 3. (Hort.) A disease incident to trees, causing the bark to rot and fall off. 4. (Far.) An obstinate and often incurable disease of a horse's foot, characterized by separation of the horny portion and the development of fungoid growths; -- usually resulting from neglected thrush. 5. A kind of wild, worthless rose; the dog-rose. To put down Richard, that sweet lovely rose. And plant this thorm, this canker, Bolingbroke. Shak. Black canker. See under Black. Can"ker (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cankered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Cankering.] 1. To affect as a canker; to eat away; to corrode; to consune. No lapse of moons can canker Love. Tennyson. 2. To infect or pollute; to corrupt. Addison. A tithe purloined canker the whole estate. Herbert. Can"ker, v. i. 1. To waste away, grow rusty, or be oxidized, as a mineral. [Obs.] Silvering will sully and canker more than gliding. Bacom. 2. To be or become diseased, or as if diseased, with canker; to grow corrupt; to become venomous. Deceit and cankered malice. Dryden. As with age his body uglier grows, So his mind cankers. Shak. Can"ker-bit` (?), a. Eaten out by canker, or as by canker. [Obs.] Can"ker bloom` (?). The bloom or blossom of the wild rose or dog-rose. Can"ker blos`som (?). That which blasts a blossom as a canker does. [Obs.] O me! you juggler! you canker blossom! You thief of Love! Shak. Can"kered (?), a. 1. Affected with canker; as, a cankered mouth. 2. Affected mentally or morally as with canker; sore, envenomed; malignant; fretful; ill-natured. \'bdA cankered grandam's will.\'b8 Shak. Can"kered*ly, adv. Fretfully; spitefully. Can"ker fly` (?). A fly that preys on fruit. Can"ker*ous (?), a. Affecting like a canker. \'bdCanrerous shackles.\'b8 Thomson. Misdeem it not a cankerous change. Wordsworth. Can"ker rash" (?). (Med.) A form of scarlet fever characterized by ulcerated or putrid sore throat. Can"ker*worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The larva of two species of geometrid moths which are very injurious to fruit and shade trees by eating, and often entirely destroying, the foliage. Other similar larv\'91 are also called cankerworms. Anisopteryx pometaria) becomes adult late in autumn (after frosts) and in winter. The spring species (A. vernata) remains in the ground through the winter, and matures in early spring. Both have winged males and wingless females. The larv\'91 are similar in appearance and habits, and beling to the family of measuring worms or spanworms. These larv\'91 hatch from the eggs when the leaves being to expand in spring. Can"ker*y (?), a. 1. Like a canker; full of canker. 2. Surly; sore; malignant. \'d8Can"na (?), n. [It.] A measure of length in Italy, varying from six to seven feet. See Cane, 4. \'d8Can"na (?), n. [L., a reed. See Cane.] (Bot.) A genus of tropical plants, with large leaves and often with showy flowers. The Indian shot. (C. Indica) is found in gardens of the northern United States. Can"na*bene (?), n. [From Cannabis.] (Chem.) A colorless oil obtained from hemp dy distillation, and possessing its intoxicating properties. Can"na*bin (?), n. (Chem.) A pisonous resin extracted from hemp (Cannabis sativa, variety Indica). The narcotic effects of hasheesh are due to this resin. Can"na*bine (?), a. [L. cannabinus.] Pertaining to hemp; hempen. [R.] \'d8Can"na*bis (?), n. [L., hemp. See Canvas.] (Bot.) A genus of a single species belonging to the order Uricace\'91; hemp. Cannabis Indica (, the Indian hemp, a powerful narcotic, now considered a variety of the common hemp. Can"nel coal` (?). [Corrupt. fr. ndle coal.] A kind of mineral coal of a black color, sufficiently hard and solid to be cut and polished. It burns readily, with a clear, yellow flame, and on this account has been used as a substitute for candles. Can"ner*y (?), n. A place where the business of canning fruit, meat, etc., is carried on. [U. S.] Can"ni*bal (?), n. [Cf. F. cannibale. Columbus, in a letter to the Spanish monarchs written in Oct., 1498, mentions that the people of Hayti lived in great fear of the Caribales (equivalent to E. Caribbees.), the inhabitants of the smaller Antilles; which form of the name was afterward changed into NL. Canibales, in order to express more forcibly their character by a word intelligible through a Latin root \'bdpropter rabiem caninam anthropophagorum gentis.\'b8 The Caribbees call themselves, in their own language. Calinago, Carinago, Calliponam, and, abbreviated, Calina, signifying a brave, from which Columbus formed his Caribales.] A human being that eats human flesh; hence, any that devours its own kind. Darwin. Can"ni*bal (?), a. Relating to cannibals or cannibalism. \'bdCannibal terror.\'b8 Burke. Can"ni*bal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. cannibalisme.] The act or practice of eating human flesh by mankind. Hence; Murderous cruelty; barbarity. Berke. Can"ni*bal*ly, adv. In the manner of cannibal. \'bdAn he had been cannibally given.\'b8 Shak. Can"ni*kin (?), n. [Can + -kin.] A small can or drinking vessel. Can"ni*ly, adv. In a canny manner. [N. of Eng. & Scot.] Can"ni*ness, n. Caution; crafty management. [N. of Eng. & Scot.] Can"non (?), n.; pl.Cannons (#), collectively Cannon. [F. cannon, fr. L. canna reed, pipe, tube. See Cane.] 1. A great gun; a piece of ordnance or artillery; a firearm for discharging heavy shot with great force. Gun. 2. (Mech.) A hollow cylindrical piece carried by a revolving shaft, on which it may, however, revolve independently. 3. (Printing.) A kind of type. See Canon. Cannon ball, strictly, a round solid missile of stone or iron made to be fired from a cannon, but now often applied to a missile of any shape, whether solid or hollow, made for cannon. Elongated and cylindrical missiles are sometimes called bolts; hollow ones charged with explosives are properly called shells. -- Cannon bullet, a cannon ball. [Obs.] -- Cannon cracker, a fire cracker of large size. -- Cannon lock, a device for firing a cannon by a percussion primer. -- Cannon metal. See Gun Metal. -- Cannon pinion, the pinion on the minute hand arbor of a watch or clock, which drives the hand but permits it to be moved in setting. -- Cannon proof, impenetrable by cannon balls. -- Cannon shot. (a) A cannon ball. (b) The range of a cannon. Can"non, n. & v. (Billiards) See Carom. [Eng.] Can"non*ade" (?), n. [F. Canonnade; cf. It. cannanata.] 1. The act of discharging cannon and throwing ball, shell, etc., for the purpose of destroying an army, or battering a town, ship, or fort; -- usually, an attack of some continuance. A furious cannonade was kept up from the whole circle of batteries on the devoted towm. Prescott. 2. Fig.; A loud noise like a cannonade; a booming. Blue Walden rolls its cannonade. Ewerson. Can`non*ade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cannonade; p. pr. & vb. n. Cannonading.] To attack with heavy artillery; to batter with cannon shot. Can`non*ade", v. i. To discharge cannon; as, the army cannonaded all day. Can"non bone (?). (Anat.) See Canon Bone. Can"noned (, a. Furnished with cannon. [Poetic] \'bdGilbralter's cannoned steep.\'b8 M. Arnold. { Can`non*eer", Can`non*ier" } (?), n. [F. canonnier.] A man who manages, or fires, cannon. Can`non*er"ing, n. The use of cannon. Burke. Can"non*ry (?), n. Cannon, collectively; artillery. The ringing of bells and roaring of cannonry proclaimed his course through the country. W. Irving. Can"not (?). [Can to be able _ -not.] Am, is, or are, not able; -- written either as one word or two. Can"nu*la (?), n. [L. cannula a small tube of dim. of canna a reed, tube.] (Surg.) A small tube of metal, wood, or India rubber, used for various purposes, esp. for injecting or withdrawing fluids. It is usually associated with a trocar. [Written also canula.] Can"nu*lar (?), a. Having the form of a tube; tubular. [Written also canular.] Can"nu*la`ted (?), a. Hollow; affording a passage through its interior length for wire, thread, etc.; as, a cannulated (suture) needle. [Written also canulated.] { Can"ny, Can"nei } (?), a. [Cf. Icel. kenn skilled, learned, or E. canny. Cf. Kenn.] [North of Eng. & Scot.] 1. Artful; cunning; shrewd; wary. 2. Skillful; knowing; capable. Sir W. Scott. 3. Cautious; prudent; safe.. Ramsay. 4. Having pleasing of useful qualities; gentle. Burns. 5. Reputed to have magical powers. Sir W. Scott. No canny, not safe, not fortunate; unpropitious. [Scot.] Ca*noe" (?), n.; pl. Canoes (#). [Sp. canoa, fr. Caribbean can\'a0oa.] 1. A boat used by rude nations, formed of trunk of a tree, excavated, by cutting of burning, into a suitable shape. It is propelled by a paddle or paddles, or sometimes by sail, and has no rudder. Others devised the boat of one tree, called the canoe. Raleigh. 2. A boat made of bark or skins, used by savages. A birch canoe, with paddles, rising, falling, on the water. Longfellow. 3. A light pleasure boat, especially designed for use by one who goes alone upon long excursions, including portage. It it propelled by a paddle, or by a small sail attached to a temporary mast. <-- p. 211 --> Ca*noe" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Canoed (?) p. pr. & vb. n. Canoeing (.] To manage a canoe, or voyage in a canoe. Ca*noe"ing n. The act or art of using a canoe. Ca*noe"ist (?), n. A canoeman. Ca*noe"man, n.; pl. Canoemen (#). One who uses a canoe; one who travels in a canoe. Cabins and clearing greeted the eye of the passing canoeman. Parkman. Can"on (#), n. [OE. canon, canoun, AS. canon rule (cf. F. canon, LL. canon, and, for sense 7, F. chanoine, LL. canonicus), fr. L. canon a measuring line, rule, model, fr. Gr. Cane, and cf. Canonical.] 1. A law or rule. Or that the Everlasting had not fixed His canon 'gainst self-slaughter. Shak. 2. (Eccl.) A law, or rule of doctrine or discipline, enacted by a council and confirmed by the pope or the sovereign; a decision, regulation, code, or constitution made by ecclesiastical authority. Various canons which were made in councils held in the second centry. Hock. 3. The collection of books received as genuine Holy Scriptures, called the sacred canon, or general rule of moral and religious duty, given by inspiration; the Bible; also, any one of the canonical Scriptures. See Canonical books, under Canonical, a. 4. In monasteries, a book containing the rules of a religious order. 5. A catalogue of saints sckowledged and canonized in the Roman Catholic Church. 6. A member of a cathedral chapter; a person who possesses a prebend in a cathedral or collegiate church. 7. (Mus.) A musical composition in which the voice begin one after another, at regular intervals, succesively taking up the same subject. It either winds up with a coda (tailpiece), or, as each voice finishes, commences anew, thus forming a perpetual fugue or round. It is the strictest form of imitation. See Imitation. 8. (Print.) The largest size of type having a specific name; -- so called from having been used for printing the canons of the church. 9. The part of a bell by which it is suspended; -- called also ear and shank. [See Illust. of Bell.] Knight. 10. (Billiards) See Carom. Apostolical canons. See under Apostolical. -- Augustinian canons, Black canons. See under Augustinian. -- Canon capitular, Canon residentiary, a resident member of a cathedral chapter (during a part or the whole of the year). -- Canon law. See under Law. -- Canon of the Mass (R. C. Ch.), that part of the mass, following the Sanctus, which never changes. -- Honorary canon, a canon who neither lived in a monastery, nor kept the canonical hours. -- Minor canon (Ch. of Eng.), one who has been admitted to a chapter, but has not yet received a prebend. -- Regular canon (R. C. Ch.), one who lived in a conventual community and follower the rule of St. Austin; a Black canon. -- Secular canon (R. C. Ch.), one who did not live in a monastery, but kept the hours. \'d8Ca*\'a4on" (?), n. [Sp., a tube or hollow, fr. ca\'a4a reed, fr. L. canna. See Cane.] A deep gorge, ravine, or gulch, between high and steep banks, worn by water courses. [Mexico & Western U. S.] Can"on bit` (?). [F. canon, fr. L. canon a rule.] That part of a bit which is put in a horse's mouth. Can"on bone` (?). [F. canon, fr. L. canon a rule. See canon.] (Anat.) The shank bone, or great bone above the fetlock, in the fore and hind legs of the horse and allied animals, corresponding to the middle metacarpal or metatarsal bone of most mammals. See Horse. Can"on*ess (?), n. [Cf. LL. canonissa.] A woman who holds a canonry in a conventual chapter. Regular canoness, one bound by the poverty, and observing a strict rule of life. -- Secular canoness, one allowed to hold private property, and bound only by vows of chastity and obedience so long as she chose to remain in the chapter. { Ca*non"ic (?), Can*non"ic*al (?), } a [L. cannonicus, LL. canonicalis, fr. L. canon: cf. F. canonique. See canon.] Of or pertaining to a canon; established by, or according to a , canon or canons. \'bdThe oath of canonical obedience.\'b8 Hallam. Canonical books, Canonical Scriptures, those books which are declared by the canons of the church to be of divine inspiration; -- called collectively the canon. The Roman Catolic Church holds as canonical several books which Protestants reject as apocryphal. -- Canonical epistles, an appellation given to the epistles called also general or catholic. See Catholic epistles, under Canholic. -- Canonical form (Math.), the simples or most symmetrical form to which all functions of the same class can be reduced without lose of generality. -- Canonical hours, certain stated times of the day, fixed by ecclesiastical laws, and appropriated to the offices of prayer and devotion; also, certain portions of the Breviary, to be used at stated hours of the day. In England, this name is also given to the hours from 8 a. m. to 3 p. m. (formerly 8 a. m. to 12 m.) before and after which marriage can not be legally performed in any parish church. -- Canonical letters, letters of several kinds, formerly given by a dishop to traveling clergymam or laymen, to show that they were entitled to receive the cammunion, and to distinguish them from heretics. -- Canonical life, the method or rule of living prescribed by the ancient cleargy who lived in community; a course of living prescribed for the clergy, less rigid that the monastic, and more restrained that the secular. -- Canonical obedience, submission to the canons of a canons of a church, especially the submission of the inferior cleargy to their bishops, and of other religious orders to their supriors. -- Canonical punishments, such as the church may inflict, as excommunication, degradation, penance, etc. -- Canonical sins (Anc. Church.), those for which capital punishment or puplic penance decreed by the canon was inflicted, as idolatry, murder, adultery, heresy. Ca*non"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a canonical manner; according to the canons. Ca*non"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of being canonical; canonicity. Bp. Burnet. Ca*non"ic*als (?), n. pl. The dress prescribed by canon to be worn by a clergyman when oficiating. Sometimes, any distinctive professional dress. Full canonicals, the complete costume of an officiating clergyman or ecclesiastic. Ca*non"i*cate (?), n. [LL. canonucatus canonical: cf. F. canonicat.] The office of a canon; a canonry. Can`on*ic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. canonicit\'82.] The state or quality of being canonical; agreement with the canon. Can"on*ist, n. [Cf. F. canoniste.] A professor of canon law; one skilled in the knowledge and practice of ecclesiastical law. South. Can`on*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a canonist. \'bdThis canonistic exposition.\'b8 Milton. Can`on*i*za"tion (?), n. [F. canonisation.] 1. (R. C. Ch.) The final process or decree (following beatifacation) by which the name of a deceased person is placed in the catalogue (canon) of saints and commended to perpetual veneration and invocation. Canonization of saints was not known to the Christian church titl toward the middle of the tenth century. Hoock. 2. The state of being canonized or sainted. Can"on*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Canonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Canonizing.] [F. canoniser or LL. canonizare, fr. L. canon.. See Canon.] 1. (Eccl.) To declare (a deceased person) a saint; to put in the catalogue of saints; as, Thomas a Becket was canonized. 2. To glorify; to exalt to the highest honor. Fame in time to come canonize us. Shak. 2. To rate as inspired; to include in the canon.[R.] Can"on*ry (?), n. pl. Canonries (. A benefice or prebend in a cathedral or collegiate church; a right to a place in chapter and to a portion of its revenues; the dignity or emoluments of a canon. Can"on*ship (?), a. Of pertaining to Canopus in egypt; as, the Canopic vases, used in embalming. \'d8Ca*no"pus (?), n. [L. Canopus, fr. Gr. (Astron.) A star of the first magnitude in the southern constellation Argo. Can"o*py (?), n.; pl. Canopies (#). [Oe. canopie, F. canop\'82sofa, Of canop\'82e, canopeu, canopieu, canopy, vail, pavilion (cf. It. canep\'8acanopy, sofa), LL. canopeum a bed with mosquito curtains, fr. Gr. Cone, and Optic.] 1. A covering fixed over a bed, dais, or the like, or carried on poles over an exalted personage or a sacred object, etc. chiefly as a mark of honor. \'bdGolden canoniec and beds of state.\'b8 Dryden. 2. (Arch.) (a) An ornamental projection, over a door, window, niche, etc. (b) Also, a roofike covering, supported on pilars over an altar, a statue, a fountain, etc. Can"o*py, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Canopes (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Canopying.] To cover with, or as with, a canopy. \'bdA bank with ivy canopied.\'b8 Milton. Ca*no"rous (?), a. [L. canorus, from nor melody, fr. canere to sing.] Melodious; musical. \'bdBirds that are most canorous.\'b8 Sir T. Browne. A long, lound, and canorous peal of laughter. De Quincey. Ca*no"rous*ness, n. The quality of being musical. He chooses his language for its rich canorousness. Lowell. Can"stick` (?), n. Candlestick. [Obs.] Shak. Cant (?), n. [OF., edge, angle, prof. from L. canthus the iron ring round a carriage wheel, a wheel, Gr. cant the stake or tire of a wheel. Cf. Canthus, Canton, Cantle.] 1. A corner; angle; niche. [Obs.] The first and principal person in the temple was Irene, or Peace; she was placed aloft in a cant. B. Jonson. 2. An outer or external angle. 3. An inclination from a horizontal or vertical line; a slope or bevel; a titl. Totten. 4. A sudden thrust, push, kick, or other impulse, producing a bias or change of direction; also, the bias or turn so give; as, to give a ball a cant. 5. (Coopering) A segment forming a side piece in the head of a cask. Knight. 6. (Mech.) A segment of he rim of a wooden cogwheel. Knight. 7. (Naut.) A piece of wood laid upon athe deck of a vessel to support the bulkneads. Cant frames, Cant timbers (Naut.), timber at the two ends of a ship, rising obliquely from the keel. Cant, v. t. [imp & p. p. Canted; p. pr. & vb. N. Canting.] 1. To incline; to set at an angle; to titl over; to tip upon the edge; as, to cant a cask; to cant a ship. 2. To give a sudden turn or new direction to; as, to cant round a stick of timber; to cant a football. 3. To cut off an angle from, as from a square piece of timber, or from the head of a bolt. Cant, n. [Prob. from OF. cant, F. chant, singing, in allusion to the singing or whining tine of voice used by beggars, fr. L. cantus. See Chant.] 1. An affected, singsong mode of speaking. 2. The idioms and peculiarities of speech in any sect, class, or occupation. Goldsmith. The cant of any profession. Dryden. 3. The use of religious phraseology without understanding or sincerity; empty, solemn speech, implying what is not felt; hypocrisy. They shall hear no cant from F. W. Robertson 4. Vulgar jargon; slang; the secret language spoker by gipsies, thieves. tramps, or beggars. Cant (?), a. Of the nature of cant; affected; vulgar. To introduce and multiply cant words in the most ruinous corruption in any language. Swift. Cant, v. i. 1. To speak in a whining voice, or an affected, sinsong tone. 2. To make whining pretensions to goodness; to talk with an affectation of religion, philanthropy, etc.; to practice hypocrisy; as, a canting fanatic. The rankest rogue that ever canted. Beau. & Fl. 3. To use pretentious language, barbarous jargon, or technical termes; to talk with an affectation of learning. The doctor here, When he discqurseth of dissection, Of vena cava and of vena porta, The meser\'91um and the mesentericum, What does he else but cant. B. Jonson That uncouth affected garb of speech, or canting hanguage, if I may so call it. Bp. Sanderson. Cant, n. [Prob. from OF. cant, equiv. to L. quantum; cf. F. encan, fr. L. in quantum, i.e. \'bdfor how much?\'b8] A all for bidders at a public sale; an auction. \'bdTo sell their leases by cant.\'b8 Swift. Cant, v. t. to sell by auction, or bid a price at a sale by auction. [Archaic] Swift. Can't (?). A colloquial contraction for can not. Can"tab (?), n. [Abbreviated from Cantabrigian.] A Cantabrigian. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott. \'d8Can*ta"bi*le (?), a. [It., cantare to sing.] (Mus.) In a melodious, flowing style; in a singing style, as opposed to bravura, recitativo, or parlando. \'d8Can*ta"bi*le, n. (Mus.) A piece or pessage, whether vocal or instrumental, pecuilarly adapted to singing; -- sometimes called cantilena. Can*ta"bri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Cantabria on the Bay of Biscay in Spain. Can`ta*brig"i*an (?), n. A native or resident of Cambridge; esp. a student or graduate of the university of Cambridge, England. Can"ta*lev`er (?), n. [Can an extermal angle + lever a supported of the roof timber of a house.] [Written also cantaliver and cantilever.] 1. (Arch.) A bracket to support a balcony, a cornice, or the like. 2. (Engin.) A projecting beam, truss, or bridge unsupported at the outer end; one which overhangs. Cantalever bridge, a bridge in which the principle of the cantalever is applied. It is usually a trussed bridge, composed of two portions reaching out from opposite banks, and supported near the middle of their own length on piers which they overhang, thus forming cantalevers which meet over the space to be spanned or sustain a third portion, to complete the connection. Can"ta*loupe (?), n. [F. cantaloup, It. cantalupo, so called from the caste of Cantalupo, in the Marca d'Ancona, in Italy, where they were first grown in Europe, from seed said to have been imported from Armenia.] A muskmelon of several varieties, having when mature, a yellowish skin, and flesh of a reddish orange color. [Written also cantaleup.] Can*tan"ker*ous (?), a. Perverse; contentious; ugly; malicious. [Colloq.] -- Can*tan"ker*ous*ly, adv. -- Can*tan"ker*ous*ness, n. The cantankerous old maiden aunt. Theckeray. { Can"tar (?), \'d8Can*tar"ro (?), } n. [It. cantaro (in sense 1), Sp. cantaro (in sense 2).] 1. A weight used in southern Europe and East for heavy articles. It varies in different localities; thus, at Rome it is nearly 75 pounds, in Sardinia nearly 94 pounds, in Cairo it is 95 pounds, in Syria about 503 pounds. 2. A liquid measure in Spain, ranging from two and a half to four gallons. Simmonds. \'d8Can*ta"ta (?), n. [It., fr. cantare to sing, fr. L. cantare intens of canere to sing.] (Mus.) A poem set to music; a musical composition comprising choruses, solos, interludes, etc., arranged in a somewhat dramatic manner; originally, a composition for a single noise, consisting of both recitative and melody. Can*ta"tion (?), n. [L. cantatio.] A singing. [Obs.] Blount. Cant"a*to*ry (?), a. Caontaining cant or affectation; whining; singing. [R.] \'d8Can`ta*tri"ce (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) A female professional singer. Cant"ed (?), a. [From 2d Cant.] 1. Having angles; as, a six canted bolt head; a canted window. Canted column (Arch.), a column polygonal in plan. 2. Inclined at an angle to something else; tipped; sloping. Can*teen" (?), n. [F. cantine bottle case, canteen (cf. Sp. & It. cantina cellar, bottle case), either contr. fr. It. canovettina, dim. of canova cellar, or, more likely, fr. OF. cant. corner, It. & Sp. canto. See 1st Cant.] (Mil.) 1. A vessel used by soldiers for carrying water, liquor, or other drink. [Written also cantine..] canteen is made of wood and holds three pints; in the United States it is usually a tin flask. 2. The sulter's shop in a garrison; also, a chest containing culinary and other vessels for officers. Can"tel (?), n. See Cantle. Can"ter (?), n. [An abbreviation of Caner bury. See Canterbury gallop, under Canterbury.] 1. A moderate and easy gallop adapted to pleasure riding. canter is a thoroughly artificial pace, at first extremely tiring to the horse, and generally only to be produced in him by the restraint of a powerful bit, which compels him to throw a great part of his weight on his haunches . . . There is so great a variety in the mode adopted by different horses for performing the canter, that no single description will suffice, nor indeed is it easy . . . to define any one of them. J. H. Walsh. <-- p. 212 --> 2. A rapid or easy passing over. A rapid canter in the Times over all the topics. Sir J. Stephen. Can"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cantered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Cantering.] To move in a canter. Can"ter, v. t. To cause, as a horse, to go at a canter; to ride (a horse) at a canter. Cant"er, n. 1. One who cants or whines; a beggar. 2. One who makes hypocritical pretensions to goodness; one who uses canting language. The day when he was a canter and a rebel. Macaulay. Can"ter*bur*y (?), n. 1. A city in England, giving its name various articles. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury (primate of all England), and contains the shrine of Thomas \'85 Becket, to which pilgrimages were formerly made. 2. A stand with divisions in it for holding music, loose papers, etc. Canterbury ball (Bot.), a species of Campanula of several varietes, cultivated for its handsome bell-shaped flowers. -- Canterbury gallop, a gentle gallop such as was used by pilgrims riding, to Canterbury; a canter. -- Canterbury table, one of the tales which Chaucer puts into the mouths of certain pilgrims to Canterbury. Hence, any tale told by travelers pass away the time. Can*thar"*i*dal (?), a. Of or pertaining to cantharides or made of cantharides; as, cantharidal plaster. Can*thar"i*des (?), n. pl. See cantharis. Can*thar"i*din (?), n. (Chem.) The active principe of the cantharis, or Spanish fly, a volatile, acrid, bitter solid, crystallizing in four-sided prisms. Can"tha*ris (?), n.; pl. Cantharides (#). [L., a kind of beetle, esp. the Spanish fly, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A beetle (Lytta, ), having an elongated cylindrical body of a brilliant green color, and a nauseous odor; the blister fly or blister beetle, of the apothecary; -- also called Spanish fly. Many other species of Lytta, used for the same purpose, take the same name. See Blister beetle, under Blister. The plural form in usually applied to the dried insects used in medicine. Cant" hook` (?). A wooden lever with a movable iron hook. hear the end; -- used for canting or turning over heavy logs, etc. [U. S.] Bartlett. Can"tho*plas`ty (?), n. [Gr. (Surg.) The operation of forming a new canthus, when one has been destroyed by injury or disease. \'d8Can"thus (?), n.; pl. Canthi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) The corner where the upper and under eyelids meet on each side of the eye. Can"ti*cle (?), n.; pl. Canticles (#). [L. canticulum a little song, dim. of canticum song, fr. cantus a singing, fr. coner to sing. See Chant.] 1. A song; esp. a little song or hymn. [Obs.] Bacon. 2. pl. The Song of Songs or Song of Solomon, one of the books of the Old Testament. 3. A canto or division of a poem [Obs.] Spenser. 4. A psalm, hymn, or passage from the Bible, arranged for chanting in church service. Can"ti*coy (?), n. [Of American Indian origin.] A social gathering; usually, one for dancing. Can"tile (?), v. i. Same as Cantle, v. t. \'d8Can`ti*le"na (?), n. [It. & L.] (Mus.) See Cantabile. Can"ti*lev`er (?), n. Same as Cantalever. Can"til*late (?), v. i. [L. cantillatus, p. p. of cantillare to sing low, dim. of cantare. See Cantata.] To chant; to recite with musical tones. M. Stuart. Can`til*la"tion (?), n. A chanting; recitation or reading with musical modulations. Can*tine" (?), n. See Canteen. Cant"ing (?), a. Speaking in a whining tone of voice; using technical or religious terms affectedly; affectedly pious; as, a canting rogue; a canting tone. - Cant"ing*ly, adv. -- Cant"ing*ness, n. Canting arms, Canting heraldry (Her.), bearings in the nature of a rebus alluding to the name of the bearer. Thus, the Castletons bear three castles, and Pope Adrian IV. (Nicholas Breakspeare) bore a broken spear. Cant"ing, n. The use of cant; hypocrisy. \'d8Can`ti*niere" (?), n. [F., fr. cantine a sutler's shop, canteen.] (Mil) A woman who carries a canteen for soldiers; a vivandi\'8are. Can"tion (?), n. [L. cantio, from canere to sing.] A song or verses. [Obs.] Spenser. Can"tle (?), n. [OF. cantel, chantel, corner, side, piece, F. chanteau a piece cut from a larger piece, dim. of OF. cant edge, corner. See 1st Cant.] 1. A corner or edge of anything; a piece; a fragment; a part. \'bdIn one cantle of his law.\'b8 Milton. Cuts me from the best of all my land A huge half moon, a monstrous cantle out. Shak. 2. The upwardly projecting rear part of saddle, opposite to the pommel. [Written also cante.] Can"tle, v. t. To cut in pieces; to cut out from. [Obs.] [Written also cantile.] Cant"let (?), n. [Dim. of cantle.] A piece; a fragment; a corner. Dryden. Can"to (?), n.; pl. Cantos (#). [It. canto, fr. L. cantus singing, song. See Chant.] 1. One of the chief divisions of a long poem; a book. 2. (Mus.) The highest vocal part; the air or melody in choral music; anciently the tenor, now the soprano. \'d8Canto fermo ( [It.] (Mus.), the plain ecclesiastical chant in cathedral service; the plain song. Can"ton (?), n. A song or canto [Obs.] Write loyal cantons of contemned love. Shak. Can"ton, n. [F. canton, augm. of OF. cant edge, corner. See 1st Cant.] 1. A small portion; a division; a compartment. That little canton of land called the \'bdEnglish pale\'b8 Davies. There is another piece of Holbein's, . . . in which, in six several cantons, the several parts of our Savior's passion are represented. Bp. Burnet. 2. A small community or clan. 3. A small territorial district; esp. one of the twenty-two independent states which form the Swiss federal republic; in France, a subdivision of an arrondissement. See Arrondissement. 4. (Her.) A division of a shield occupying one third part of the chief, usually on the dexter side, formed by a perpendicular line from the top of the shield, meeting a horizontal line from the side. The king gave us the arms of England to be borne in a canton in our arms. Evelyn. Can"ton, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cantoned ; p. pr. & vb. n. Cantoning.] [Cf. F.cantonner.] 1. To divide into small parts or districts; to mark off or separate, as a distinct portion or division. They canton out themselves a little Goshen in the intellectual world. Locke. 2. (Mil.) To allot separate quarters to, as to different parts or divisions of an army or body of troops. Can"ton*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a canton or cantons; of the nature of a canton. Can"ton crape" (?). A soft, white or colored silk fabric, of a gauzy texture and wavy appearance, used for ladies' scarfs, shawls, bonnet trimmings, etc.; -- called also Oriental crape. De Colange. Can"toned (?), a. 1. (Her.) Having a charge in each of the four corners; -- said of a cross on a shield, and also of the shield itself. 2. (Arch.) Having the angles marked by, or decorated with, projecting moldings or small columns; as, a cantoned pier or pilaster. Can"ton flan"nel (?). See Cotton flannel. Can"ton*ize (?), v. i. To divide into cantons or small districts. Can"ton*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. cantonnement.] A town or village, or part of a town or village, assigned to a body of troops for quarters; temporary shelter or place of rest for an army; quarters. cantonment, or to be cantoned. In India, permanent military stations, or military towns, are termed cantonments. Can*toon" (?), n. A cotton stuff showing a fine cord on one side and a satiny surface on the other. Can"tor (?), n. [L., a singer, fr. caner to sing.] A singer; esp. the leader of a church choir; a precentor. The cantor of the church intones the Te Deum. Milman. Can"tor*al (?), a. Of or belonging to a cantor. Cantoral staff, the official staff or baton of a cantor or precentor, with which time is marked for the singers. Can*to"ris (?), a. [L., lit., of the cantor, gen. of cantor.] Of or pertaining to a cantor; as, the cantoris side of a choir; a cantoris stall. Shipley. { Can"trap (?), Can"trip (?), } n. [Cf. Icel. gandar, ODan. & OSw. gan, witchcraft, and E. trap a snare, tramp.] A charm; an incantation; a shell; a trick; adroit mischief. [Written also cantraip.] [Scot.] { Can"tred (?), \'d8Can"tref, } n. [W. cantref; cant hundred + tref dwelling place, village.] A district comprising a hundred villages, as in Wales. [Written also kantry.] Can"ty (?), a. Cheerful; sprightly; lively; merry. \'bdThe canty dame.\'b8 Wordsworth [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] Contented with little, and canty with mair. Burns. Ca*nuck" (?), n. 1. A Canadian. [Slang] 2. A small or medium-sized hardy horse, common in Canada. [Colloq.] { Can"u*la (?), n., Can"u*lar (?), a., Can"u*la`ted (?), } a. See Cannula, Cannular, and Cannulated. Can"vas (?), n. [OE. canvas, canevas, F. canevas, LL. canabacius hempen cloth, canvas, L. cannabis hemp, fr. G. Hemp.] 1. A strong cloth made of hemp, flax, or cotton; -- used for tents, sails, etc. By glimmering lanes and walls of canvas led. Tennyson. 2. (a) A coarse cloth so woven as to form regular meshes for working with the needle, as in tapestry, or worsted work. (b) A piece of strong cloth of which the surface has been prepared to receive painting, commonly painting in oil. History . . . does not bring out clearly upon the canvas the details which were familiar. J. H. Newman. 3. Something for which canvas is used: (a) A sail, or a collection of sails. (b) A tent, or a collection of tents. (c) A painting, or a picture on canvas. To suit his canvas to the roughness of the see. Goldsmith. Light, rich as that which glows on the canvas of Claude. Macaulay. 4. A rough draft or model of a song, air, or other literary or musical composition; esp. one to show a poet the measure of the verses he is to make. Grabb. Can"vas, a. Made of, pertaining to, or resembling, canvas or coarse cloth; as, a canvas tent. Can"vas*back` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A Species of duck (Aythya vallisneria), esteemed for the delicacy of its flesh. It visits the United States in autumn; particularly Chesapeake Bay and adjoining waters; -- so named from the markings of the plumage on its back. Can"vass (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. canvassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Canvassing.] [OF. Canabasser to examine curiously, to search or sift out; properly, to sift through canvas. See Canvas, n.] 1. To sift; to strain; to examine thoroughly; to scrutinize; as, to canvass the votes cast at an election; to canvass a district with reference to its probable vote. I have made careful search on all hands, and canvassed the matter with all possible diligence. Woodward. 2. To examine by discussion; to debate. An opinion that we are likely soon to canvass. Sir W. Hamilton. 3. To go trough, with personal solicitation or public addresses; as, to canvass a district for votes; to canvass a city for subscriptions. Can"vass, v. i. To search thoroughly; to engage in solicitation by traversing a district; as, to canvass for subscriptions or for votes; to canvass for a book, a publisher, or in behalf of a charity; -- commonly followed by for. Can"vass, n. 1. Close inspection; careful review for verification; as, a canvass of votes. Bacon. 2. Examination in the way of discussion or debate. 3. Search; exploration; solicitation; systematic effort to obtain votes, subscribers, etc. No previous canvass was made for me. Burke. Can"vass*er (?), n. One who canvasses. Can"y (?), a. [From Cane.] Of or pertaining to cane or canes; abounding with canes. Milton. Can"yon (?), n. The English form of the Spanish word Ca\'a4on. \'d8Can*zo"ne (?), n. [It., a song, fr. L. cantio, fr. canere to sing. Cf. Chanson, Chant.] (Mus.) (a) A song or air for one or more voices, of Proven\'87al origin, resembling, though not strictly, the madrigal. (b) An instrumental piece in the madrigal style. Can`zo*net" (?), n. [It. canzonetta, dim. of canzone.] (Mus.) A short song, in one or more parts. Caout"chin (?), n. (Chem.) An inflammable, volatile, oily, liquid hydrocarbon, obtained by the destructive distillation of caoutchouc. Caout"chouc (?), n. [F. caoutchouc, from the South American name.] A tenacious, elastic, gummy substance obtained from the milky sap of several plants of tropical South America (esp. the euphorbiaceous tree Siphonia elastica or Hevea caoutchouc), Asia, and Africa. Being impermeable to liquids and gases, and not readly affected by exposure to air, acids, and alkalies, it is used, especially when vulcanized, for many purposes in the arts and in manufactures. Also called India rubber (because it was first brought from India, and was formerly used chiefly for erasing pencil marks) and gum elastic. See Vulcanization. Mineral caoutchouc. See under Mineral. Caout"chou*cin (?), n. See Caoutchin. Cap (?), n. [OE. cappe, AS. c\'91ppe, cap, cape, hood, fr. LL, cappa, capa; perhaps of Iberian origin, as Isidorus of Seville mentions it first: \'bdCapa, quia quasi totum capiat hominem; it. capitis ornamentum.\'b8 See 3d Cape, and cf. 1st Cope.] 1. A covering for the head; esp. (a) One usually with a visor but without a brim, for men and boys; (b) One of lace, muslin, etc., for women, or infants; (c) One used as the mark or ensign of some rank, office, or dignity, as that of a cardinal. 2. The top, or uppermost part; the chief. Thou art the cap of all the fools alive. Shak. 3. A respectful uncovering of the head. He that will give a cap and make a leg in thanks. Fuller. 4. (Zo\'94l.) The whole top of the head of a bird from the base of the bill to the nape of the neck. 5. Anything resembling a cap in form, position, or use; as: (a) (Arch.) The uppermost of any assemblage of parts; as, the cap of column, door, etc.; a capital, coping, cornice, lintel, or plate. (b) Something covering the top or end of a thing for protection or ornament. (c) (Naut.) A collar of iron or wood used in joining spars, as the mast and the topmast, the bowsprit and the jib boom; also, a covering of tarred canvas at the end of a rope. (d) A percussion cap. See under Percussion. (e) (Mech.) The removable cover of a journal box. (f) (Geom.) A portion of a spherical or other convex surface. 6. A large size of writing paper; as, flat cap; foolscap; legal cap. Cap of a cannon, a piece of lead laid over the vent to keep the priming dry; -- now called an apron. -- Cap in hand, obsequiously; submissively. -- Cap of liberty. See Liberty cap, under Liberty. -- Cap of maintenance, a cap of state carried before the kings of England at the coronation. It is also carried before the mayors of some cities. -- Cap money, money collected in a cap for the huntsman at the death of the fox. -- Cap paper. (a) A kind of writing paper including flat cap, foolsap, and legal cap. (b) A coarse wrapping paper used for making caps to hold commodities. Cap rock (Mining), The layer of rock next overlying ore, generally of barren vein material. -- Flat cap, cap See Foolscap. -- Forage cap, the cloth undress head covering of an officer of soldier. -- Legal cap, a kind of folio writing paper, made for the use of lawyers, in long narrow sheets which have the fold at the top or \'bdnarrow edge.\'b8 -- To set one's cap, to make a fool of one. (Obs.) Chaucer. -- To set one's cap for, to try to win the favor of a man with a view to marriage. [Colloq.] Cap (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Capped (; p. pr. & vb. n. Capping.] 1. To cover with a cap, or as with a cap; to provide with a cap or cover; to cover the top or end of; to place a cap upon the proper part of; as, to cap a post; to cap a gun. The bones next the joint are capped with a smooth cartilaginous substance. Derham. 2. To deprive of cap. [Obs.] Spenser. 3. To complete; to crown; to bring to the highest point or consummation; as, to cap the climax of absurdity. 4. To salute by removing the cap. [Slang. Eng.] Tom . . . capped the proctor with the profoundest of bows. Thackeray. 5. To match; to mate in contest; to furnish a complement to; as, to cap text; to cap proverbs. Shak. Now I have him under girdle I'll cap verses with him to the end of the chapter. Dryden. capping verses, when one quotes a verse another must cap it by quoting one beginning with the last letter of the first letter, or with the first letter of the last word, or ending with a rhyming word, or by applying any other arbitrary rule may be agreed upon. Cap, v. i. To uncover the head respectfully. Shak. Ca`pa*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Capabilities (#). 1. The quality of being capable; capacity; capableness; esp. intellectual power or ability. A capability to take a thousand views of a subject. H. Taylor. 2. Capacity of being used or improved. Ca"pa*ble (?), a. [F. capable, LL. capabilis capacious, capable, fr. L. caper to take, contain. See Heave.] 1. Possessing ability, qualification, or susceptibility; having capacity; of sufficient size or strength; as, a room capable of holding a large number; a castle capable of resisting a long assault. Concious of jou and capable of pain. Prior. 2. Possessing adequate power; qualified; able; fully competent; as, a capable instructor; a capable judge; a mind capable of nice investigations. More capable to discourse of battles than to give them. Motley. 3. Possessing legal power or capacity; as, a man capable of making a contract, or a will. 4. Capacious; large; comprehensive. [Obs.] Shak. Capable is usually followed by of, sometimes by an infinitive. Syn. -- Able; competent; qualified; fitted; efficient; effective; skillful. Ca"pa*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being capable; capability; adequateness; competency. Ca*pac"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Capacified (?).] [L. capax, -acis, capacious + -fy.] To quality. [R.] The benefice he is capacified and designed for. Barrow. Ca*pa"cious (?), a. [L. capaz, -acis, fr. capere to take. See Heave.] 1. Having capacity; able to contain much; large; roomy; spacious; extended; broad; as, a capacious vessel, room, bay, or harbor. In the capacious recesses of his mind. Bancroft. 2. Able or qualified to make large views of things, as in obtaining knowledge or forming designs; comprehensive; liberal. \'bdA capacious mind.\'b8 Watts. Ca*pa"cios*ly, adv. In a capacious manner or degree; comprehensively. Ca*pa"cious*ness, n. The quality of being capacious, as of a vessel, a reservoir a bay, the mind, etc. Ca*pac"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Capacitated; p. pr. & vb. n. Capacitating.] To render capable; to enable; to qualify. By thih instruction we may be capaciated to observe those errors. Dryden. Ca*pac"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Capacities (#) [L. capacitus, fr. capax, capacis; fr. F. capacit\'82. See Capacious.] 1. The power of receiving or containing; extent of room or space; passive power; -- used in reference to physical things. Had our great palace the capacity To camp this host, we all would sup together. Shak. The capacity of the exhausted cylinder. Boyle. 2. The power of receiving and holding ideas, knowledge, etc.; the comprehensiveness of the mind; the receptive faculty; capability of undestanding or feeling. Capacity is now properly limited to these [the mere passive operations of the mind]; its primary signification, which is literally room for, as well as its employment, favars this; although it can not be dented that there are examples of its usage in an active sense. Sir W. Hamilton. 3. Ability; power pertaining to, or resulting from, the possession of strength, wealth, or talent; possibility of being or of doing. The capacity of blessing the people. Alex. Hamilton. A cause with such capacities endued. Blackmore. 4. Outward condition or circumstances; occupation; profession; character; position; as, to work in the capacity of a mason or a carpenter. 5. (Law) Legal or noral qualification, as of age, residence, character, etc., necessary for certain purposes, as for holding office, for marrying, for making contracts, will, etc.; legal power or right; competency. Capacity for heat, the power of absorbing heat. Substances differ in the amount of heat requisite to raise them a given number of thermometric degrees, and this difference is the measure of, or depends upon, whzt is called their capacity for heat. See Specific heat, under Heat. Syn. -- Ability; faculty; talent; capability; skill; efficiency; cleverness. See Ability. Cap`*a*pe" (?), adv. See Cap-a-pie. Shak. \'d8Cap`*a*pie" (?), adv. [OF. (cap-a-pie, from head to foot, now de pied en cap from foot to head; L. per foot + caput head.] From head to foot; at all points. \'bdHe was armed cap-a-pie.\'b8 Prescott. Ca*par"i*son (?), n. [F. capara, fr. Sp. caparazon a cover for a saddle, coach, etc.; capa cloak, cover (fr. LL. capa, cf. LL. caparo also fr. capa) + the term. azon. See Cap.] 1. An ornamental covering or housing for a horse; the harness or trappings of a horse, taken collectively, esp. when decorative. Their horses clothed with rich caparison. Drylen. 2. Gay or rich clothing. My heart groans beneath the gay caparison. Smollett. Ca*par"i*son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caparisoned (?) p. pr. & vb. n. Caparisoning.] [Cf. F capara\'87onner.] 1. To cover with housings, as a horse; to harness or fit out with decorative trappings, as a horse. The steeds, caparisoned with purple, stand. Dryden. 2. To aborn with rich dress; to dress. I am caparisoned like a man. Shak. \'d8Ca*par"ro (?), n. [Native Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) A large South American monkey (Lagothrix Humboldtii), with prehensile tail. Cap"case` (?), n. A small traveling case or bandbox; formerly, a chest. A capcase for your linen and your plate. Beau. & Fl. Cape (?), n. [F. cap, fr. It. capo head, cape, fr. L. caput heat, end, point. See Chief.] A piece or point of land, extending beyind the adjacent coast into the sea or a lake; a promonotory; a headland. Cape buffalo (Zo\'94l.) a large and powerful buffalo of South Africa (Bubalus Caffer). It is said to be the most dangerous wild beast of Africa. See Buffalo, 2. -- Cape jasmine, Cape jassamine. See Jasmine. -- Cape pigeon (Zo\'94l.), a petrel (Daptium Capense) common off the Cape of Good Hope. It is about the size of a pigeon. -- Cape wine, wine made in South Africa [Eng.] -- The Cape, the Cape of Good Hope, in the general sense of southern extremity of Africa. Also used of Cape Horn, and, in New England, of Cape Cod. Cape, v. i. (Naut.) To head or point; to keep a course; as, the ship capes southwest by south. Cape, n. [OE. Cape, fr. F. cape; cf. LL. cappa. See Cap, and cf. 1st Cope, Chape.] A sleeveless garment or part of a garment, hanging from the neck over the back, arms, and shoulders, but not reaching below the hips. See Cloak. Cape, v. i. [See Gape.] To gape. [Obs.] Chaucer. { Ca"pel (?), Ca"ple (?) }, n. [Icel. kapall; cf. L. caballus.] A horse; a nag. [Obs.] Chaucer. Holland. Ca"pel (?), n. (Mining) A composite stone (quartz, schorl, and hornlende) in the walls of tin and copper lodes. Cap"e*lan (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Capelin. Cape"lin (?), n. [Cf. F. capelan, caplan.] (Zo\'94l.) A small marine fish (Mallotus villosus) of the family Salmonid\'91, very abundant on the coasts of Greenland, Iceland, Newfoundland, and Alaska. It is used as a bait for the cod. [Written also capelan and caplin.] anchova, and by the Portuguese capelina. Fisheries of U. S. (1884). \'d8Cap"pe*line` (?), n. [F., fr. LL. capella. See Chapel.] (Med.) A hood-shaped bandage for the head, the shoulder, or the stump of an amputated limb. Ca*pel"la (?), n. [L., a little goet, dim. of caper a goat.] (Asrton.) A brilliant star in the constellation Auriga. Cap"el*lane (?), n. [See Chaplain.] The curate of a chapel; a chaplain. [Obs.] Fuller. \'d8Ca*pel"le (?), n. [G.] (Mus.) The private orchestra or band of a prince or of a church. Cap"el*let (?), n. [F. capelet.] (Far.) A swelling, like a wen, on the point of the elbow (or the heel of the hock) of a horse, caused probably by bruises in lying dowm. \'d8Ca*pell"meis`ter (?), n. [G., fr. capelle chapel, private band of a prince + meister a master.] The musical director in royal or ducal chapel; a choirmaster. [Written also kepellmeister.] Ca"per (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Capered p. pr. & vb. n. capering.] [From older capreoll to caper, cf. F. se cabrer to prance; all ultimately fr. L. caper, capra, goat. See Capriole.] To leap or jump about in a sprightly manner; to cut capers; to skip; to spring; to prance; to dance. He capers, he dances, he has eyes of youth. Shak. Ca"per, n. A frolicsome leap or spring; a skip; a jump, as in mirth or dancing; a prank. To cut a caper, to frolic; to make a sportive spring; to play a prank. Shak. Ca"per, n. [D. kaper.] A vessel formerly used by the Dutch, privateer. Wright. Ca"per, n. [F. c\'83pre, fr. L. capparis, Gr. al-kabar.] 1. The pungent grayish green flower bud of the European and Oriental caper (Capparis spinosa), much used for pickles. 2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Capparis; -- called also caper bush, caper tree. Capparis spinosa is a low prickly shrub of the Mediterranean coasts, with trailing branches and brilliant flowers; -- cultivated in the south of Europe for its buds. The C. sodada is an almost leafless spiny shrub of central Africa (Soudan), Arabia, and southern India, with edible berries. Bean caper. See Bran caper, in the Vocabulary. -- Caper sauce, a kind of sauce or catchup made of capers. Ca"per*ber`ry (?), n. 1. The small olive-shaped berry of the European and Oriental caper, said to be used in pickles and as a condiment. 2. The currantlike fruit of the African and Arabian caper (Capparis sodado). { Ca"per bush` (?), Ca"per tree` (?). }See Capper, a plant, 2. { Ca"per*cail`zie (?), or Ca"per*cal`ly (?), } n. [Gael, capulcoile.] (Zo\'94l.) A species of grouse (Tetrao uragallus) of large size and fine flavor, found in northern Europe and formerly in Scotland; -- called also cock of the woods. [Written also capercaillie, capercaili.] Ca"per*claw` (?), v. t. To treat with cruel playfulness, as a cat treats a mouse; to abuse. [Obs.] Birch. Ca"per*er (?), n. One who capers, leaps, and skips about, or dances. The nimble capperer on the cord. Dryden. Cap"ful (?), n.; pl. Capfuls (. As much as will fill a cap. A capful of wind (Naut.), a light puff of wind. \'d8Ca"pi*as (?), n. [L. thou mayst take.] (Low) A writ or process commanding the officer to take the body of the person named in it, that is, to arrest him; -- also called writ of capias. capias is a writ by which actions at law are frequently commenced; another is a writ of execution issued after judgment to satisfy damages recovered; a capias in criminal law is the process to take a person charged on an indictment, when he is not in custody. Burrill. Wharton. Ca`pi*ba"ra (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Capybara. Cap`il*la"ceous (?), a. [L. capillaceus hairy, fr. capillus hair.] Having long filaments; resembling a hair; slender. See Capillary. Cap`il*laire" (?), n. [F. capillaire maiden-hair; sirop de capillaire capillaire; fr. L. herba capillaris the maidenhair.] 1. A sirup prepared from the maiden-hair, formerly supposed to have medicinal properties. 2. Any simple sirup flavored with orange flowers. Ca*pil"la*ment (?), n. [L. capillamentum, fr. capillus hair: cf. F. capillament.] 1. (Bot.) A filament. [R.] 2. (Anat.) Any villous or hairy covering; a fine fiber or filament, as of the nerves. Cap"il*la*ri*ness (?), n. The quality of being capillary. Cap`il*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. capillarit\'82.] 1. The quality or condition of being capillary. 2. (Physics) The peculiar action by which the surface of a liquid, where it is in contact with a solid (as in a capillary tube), is elevated or depressed; capillary attraction. Capillarity depends upon the relative attaction of the modecules of the liquid for each other and for those of the solid, and is especially observable in capillary tubes, where it determines the ascent or descent of the liquid above or below the level of the liquid which the tube is dipped; -- hence the name\'3c-- it is especially important in certain plants, to allow flow of water from the roots --\'3e. Cap"il*la*ry (?), a. [L. capillaris, fr. capillus hair. Cf. Capillaire.] 1. Resembling a hair; fine; minute; very slender; having minute tubes or interspaces; having very small bore; as, the capillary vessels of animals and plants. 2. Pertaining to capillary tubes or vessels; as, capillary action. Capillary attraction, Capillary repulsion, the apparent attraction or repulsion between a soild and liquid caused bycapillarity. See Capillarity, and Attraction. -- Capillarity tubes. See the Note under Capillarity. Cap"il*la*ry, n.; pl., Capillaries (. 1. A tube or vessel, extremely fine or minute. 2. (Anat.) A minute, thin-walled vessel; particularly one of the smallest blood vessels connecting arteries and veins, but used also for the smallest lymphatic and biliary vessels. Cap`il*la"tion (?), n. [L. capillatie the hair.] A capillary blood vessel. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Ca*pil"la*ture (?), n. [L. capillatura.] A bush of hair; frizzing of the hair. Clarke. Ca*pil"li*form (?), a. [L. capillus hair + -form.] In the shape or form of, a hair, or of hairs. Cap"il*lose` (?), a. [L. capillosus.] Having much hair; hairy. [R.] Ca*pis"trate (?), a. [L. capistratus, p. p. of capistrare halter.] (Zo\'94l.) Hooded; cowled. Cap"i*tal (?), a. [F. capital, L. capitalis capital (in senses 1 & 2), fr. caput head. See Chief, and cf. Capital, n.] 1. Of or pertaining to the head. [Obs.] Needs must the Serpent now his capital bruise Expect with mortal pain. Milton. 2. Having reference to, or involving, the forfeiture of the head or life; affecting life; punishable with death; as, capital trials; capital punishment. Many crimes that are capital among us. Swift. To put to death a capital offender. Milton. 3. First in importance; chief; principal. A capital article in religion Atterbury. Whatever is capital and essential in Christianity. I. Taylor. 4. Chief, in a political sense, as being the seat of the general government of a state or nation; as, Washington and Paris are capital cities. 5. Of first rate quality; excellent; as, a capital speech or song. [Colloq.] <-- p. 214 --> Capital letter [F, lettre capitale] (Print.), a leading or heading letter, used at the beginning of a sentence and as the first letter of certain words, distinguished, for the most part, both by different form and larger size, from the small (lower-case) letters, which form the greater part of common print or writing. -- Small capital letters have the form of capital letters and height of the body of the lower-case letters. -- Capital stock, money, property, or stock invested in any business, or the enterprise of any corporation or institution. Abbott. Syn. -- Chief; leading; controlling; prominent. Cap"i*tal (?), n. [Cf. L. capitellum and Capitulum, a small head, the head, top, or capital of a column, dim. of caput head; F. chapiteau, OF. capitel. See Chief, and cf. Cattle, Chattel, Chapiter, Chapter.] 1. (Arch.) The head or uppermost member of a column, pilaster, etc. It consists generally of three parts, abacus, bell (or vase), and necking. See these terms, and Column. 2. [Cf. F. capilate, fem., sc. ville.] (Geog.) The seat of government; the chief city or town in a country; a metropolis. \'bdA busy and splendid capital\'b8 Macauly. 3. [Cf. F. capital.] Money, property, or stock employed in trade, manufactures, etc.; the sum invested or lent, as distinguished from the income or interest. See Capital stock, under Capital, a. 4. (Polit. Econ.) That portion of the produce of industry, which may be directly employed either to support human beings or to assist in production. M'Culloch. capital. The capital of a civilized community includes fixed capital (i.e. buildings, machines, and roads used in the course of production and exchange) amd circulating capital (i.e., food, fuel, money, etc., spent in the course of production and exchange). T. Raleing. 5. Anything which can be used to increase one's power or influence. He tried to make capital out of his rival's discomfiture. London Times. 6. (Fort.) An imaginary line dividing a bastion, ravelin, or other work, into two equal parts. 7. A chapter, or section, of a book. [Obs.] Holy St. Bernard hath said in the 59th capital. Sir W. Scott. 8. (Print.) See Capital letter, under Capital, a. Active capital. See under Active, -- Small capital (Print.), a small capital letter. See under Capital, a. -- To live on one's capital, to consume one's capital without producing or accumulating anything to replace it. Cap"i*tal*ist, n. [Cf. F. capitaliste.] One who has capital; one who has money for investment, or money invested; esp. a person of large property, which is employed in business. The expenditure of the capitalist. Burke. Cap"i*tal*i*za`tion (?), n. The act or process of capitalizing. Cap"i*tal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Capitalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Capitalizing.] 1. To convert into capital, or to use as capital. 2. To compute, appraise, or assess the capital value of (a patent right, an annuity, etc.) 3. To print in capital letters, or with an initial capital. Cap*i*tal*ly, adv. 1. In a way involving the forfeiture of the head or life; as, to punish capitally. 2. In a capital manner; excellently. [Colloq.] Cap"i*tal*ness, n. The quality of being capital; preeminence. [R.] { Ca`pi*tan` Pa*sha` or Pa*cha` (?) }. [See capitan.] The chief admiral of the Turkish fleet. Cap"i*tate (?), a [L. capitatus fr. caput head.] 1. Headlike in form; also, having the distal end enlarged and rounded, as the stigmas of certain flowers. 2. (Bot.) Having the flowers gathered into a head. Cap`i*ta"tim (?), a. [NL.] Of so much per head; as, a capitatim tax; a capitatim grant. Cap`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. capitatio a poll tax, fr. caput head; cf. F. capitation.] 1. A numbering of heads or individuals. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. 2. A tax upon each head or person, without reference to property; a poll tax. \'d8Cap"i*te (?), n. [L., abl. of caput head.] See under Tenant. Cap`i*tel"late (?), a. [L. capitellum, dim. of caput head.] (Bot.) Having a very small knoblike termination, or collected into minute capitula. \'d8Cap`i*ti*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from L. caput, capitis, head + -branchiae gills.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of annelids in which the gills arise from or near the head. See Tubicola. Cap"i*tol (?), [L. capitolium, fr. caput head: cf. F. capitole. See Chief.] 1. The temple of Jupiter, at Rome, on the Mona Capitolinus, where the Senate met. Comes C\'91sar to the Capitol to-morrow? Shak. 2. The edifice at Washington occupied by the Congress of the United States; also, the building in which the legislature of State holds its sessions; a statehouse. { Cap`i*to"li*an (?), Cap"i*to*line (?), } a. [L. capitolinus: cf. F. capitolin.] Of or pertaining to the Capitol in Rome. \'bdCapitolian Jove.\'b8 Macaulay. Capitoline games (Antiq.), annual games instituted at Rome by Camillus, in honor of Jupter Capitolinus, on account of the preservation of the Capitol from the Gauls; when reinstituted by Domitian, arter a period of neglect, they were held every fifth year. \'d8Ca*pit"u*la (?), n. pl. See Capitulum. Ca*pit"u*lar (?), n. [LL. capitulare, capitularium, fr. L. capitulum a small head, a chapter, dim. of capit head, chapter.] 1. An act passed in a chapter. 2. A member of a chapter. The chapter itself, and all its members or capitulars. Ayliffe. 3. The head or prominent part. Ca*pit"u*lar (?), a. 1. (Eccl.) Of or pertaining to a chapter; capitulary. From the pope to the member of the capitular body. Milman. 2. (Bot.) Growing in, or pertaining to, a capitulum. 3. (Anat.) Pertaining to a capitulum; as, the capitular process of a vetebra, the process which articulates with the capitulum of a rib. Ca*pit"u*lar*ly (?), adv. In the manner or form of an ecclesiastical chapter. Sterne. Ca*pit"u*la*ry (?), n.; pl. Capitularies (#). [See Capitular.] 1. A capitular. 2. The body of laws or statutes of a chapter, or of an ecclesiastical council. 3. A collection of laws or statutes, civil and ecclesiastical, esp. of the Frankish kings, in chapters or sections. Several of Charlemagne's capitularies. Hallam. Ca*pit"u*la*ry (?), a. Relating to the chapter of a cathedral; capitular. \'bdCapitulary acts.\'b8 Warton. Ca*pit"u*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Capitulated; p. pr. & vb. n. Capitulating.] [LL. capitulatus, p. p. of capitulare to capitulate: cf. F. capituler. See Capitular, n.] 1. To settle or draw up the heads or terms of an agreement, as in chapters or articles; to agree. [Obs.] There capitulates with the king . . . to take to wife his daughter Mary. Heylin. There is no reason why the reducing of any agreement to certain heads or capitula should not be called to capitulate. Trench. 2. To surrender on terms agreed upon (usually, drawn up under several heads); as, an army or a garrison capitulates. The Irish, after holding out a week, capitulated. Macaulay. Ca*pit"u*late, v. t. To surrender or transfer, as an army or a fortress, on certain conditions. [R.] Ca*pit`u*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. capitulation, LL. capitulatio.] 1. A reducing to heads or articles; a formal agreement. With special capitulation that neither the Scots nor the French shall refortify. Bp. Burnet. 2. The act of capitulating or surrendering to an emeny upon stipulated terms. 3. The instrument containing the terms of an agreement or surrender. Ca*pit"u*la`tor (?), n. [LL.] One who capitulates. Cap"i*tule (?), n. [L. capitulum small head, chapter.] A summary. [Obs.] \'d8Ca*pit"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Capitula (. [L., a small head.] 1. A thick head of flowers on a very short axis, as a clover top, or a dandelion; a composite flower. A capitulum may be either globular or flat. Gray. 2. (Anat.) A knobike protuberance of any part, esp. at the end of a bone or cartilage. [See Illust. of Artiodactyla.] Ca*pi"vi (?), n. [Cf. Copaiba.] A balsam of the Spanish West Indies. See Copaiba. Ca"ple (?), n. See Capel. Cap"lin (?), n. See Capelin. { Cap"lin (?), Cap"ling (?), } n. The cap or coupling of a flail, through which the thongs pass which connect the handle and swingel. Wright. Cap"no*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. mancy: cf. F. capnomancie.] Divination by means of the ascent or motion of smoke. Cap"no*mor (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A limpid, colorless oil with a peculiar odor, obtained from beech tar. Watts. \'d8Ca*poc" (?), n. [Malay k\'bepoq.] A sort of cotton so short and fine thet it can not be spun, used in the East Indies to line palanquins, to make mattresses, etc. Ca*poch" (?), n.; pl. Capoches (#). [Cf. Sp. capucho, It. cappucio, F. Capuce, capuchon, LL. caputium, fr. capa cloak. See Cap.] A hood; especialy, the hood attached to the gown of a monk. Ca*poch", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Capoched (?).] To cover with, or as with, a hood; hence, to hoodwink or blind. Hudibras. Ca"pon (?), n. [OE. capon, chapoun, AS. cap (cf. F. chapon), L. capo, fr. Gr. skopiti to casrate. CF. Comma.] A castrated cock, esp. when fattened; a male chicken gelded to improve his flesh for the table. Shak. The merry thought of a capon. W. Irving. Ca"pon, v. t. To castrate; to make a capon of. Ca"pon*et (?), n. A young capon. [R.] Chapman. Cap`o*niere" (?), n. [F. caponni\'8are, fr. Sp. caponera, orig., a cage for fattening capons, hence, a place of refuge; cf. It. capponiera. See Capon.] (Fort.) A work made across or in the ditch, to protect it from the enemy, or to serve as a covered passageway. Ca"pon*ize (?), v. t. To castrate, as a fowl. Ca*pot" (?), n. [F.] A winning of all the tricks at the game of piquet. It counts for forty points. Hoyle. Ca*pot", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Capotted.] To win all the tricks from, in playing at piquet. Ca*pote" (?), n. [Sp. capote (cf. F. capote.), fr. LL. capa cape, cloak. See Cap.] A long cloak or overcoat, especially one with a hood. Ca*pouch" (?), n. & v. t. Same as Capoch. Cap"pa*dine (?), n. A floss or waste obtained from the cocoon after the silk has been reeled off, used for shag. Cap"pa`per (?), See cap, n., also Paper, n. Cap"peak` (?), n. The front piece of a cap; -- now more commonly called visor. \'d8Cap*pel"la (?), n. See A cappella. Cap"per (?), n. 1. One whose business is to make or sell caps. 2. A by-bidder; a decoy for gamblers [Slang, U. S.]<--shill?-->. 3. An instrument for applying a percussion cap to a gun or cartridge. Cap"ping plane` (?). (Join.) A plane used for working the upper surface of staircase rails. \'d8Ca"pra (?), n. [L., a she goat.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of ruminants, including the common goat. Cap"rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of capric acid. Cap"re*o*late (?), a. [L. capreolus wild goat, tendril, fr.caper goat: cf. F. capr\'82ol\'82.] (Bot.) Having a tendril or tendrils. Cap"re*o*line (?), a. [L. capreolus wild goat, fr. caper goat.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the roebuck. Cap"ric (?), a. [L. caper goat.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to capric acid or its derivatives. Capric acid, C9H9.CO2H, Caprylic acid, C7H15.CO2H, Caproic acid, C5H11.CO2H, are fatty acids occurring in small quantities in butter, cocoanut oil, etc., united with glycerin; they are colorless oils, or white crystalline solids, of an unpleasant odor like that of goats or sweat. \'d8Ca*ric"cio (?), n. [It. See Caprice.] 1. (Mus.) A piece in a free form, with frequent digressions from the theme; a fantasia; -- often called caprice. 2. A caprice; a freak; a fancy. Shak. \'d8Ca*pri*cio"so (?), a. [It.] (Mus) In a free, fantastic style. Ca*price" (?), n. [F. caprice, It. capriccio, caprice (perh. orig. a fantastical goat leap), fr. L. caper, capra, goat. Cf Capriole, Cab, Caper, v. i.] 1. An abrupt change in feeling, opinion, or action, proceeding from some whim or fancy; a freak; a notion. \'bdCaprices of appetite.\'b8 W. Irving. 2. (Mus.) See Capriccio. Syn. -- Freak; whim; crotchet; fancy; vagary; humor; whimsey; fickleness. Ca*pri"cious (?), a. [Cf. F. capricleux, It. capriccioso.] Governed or characterized by caprice; apt to change suddenly; freakish; whimsical; changeable. \'bdCapricious poet.\'b8 Shak. \'bdCapricious humor.\'b8 Hugh Miller. A capricious partiality to the Romish practices. Hallam. Syn. -- Freakish; whimsical; fanciful; fickle; crotchety; fitful; wayward; changeable; unsteady; uncertain; inconstant; arbitrary. -- Ca*pri"cious*ly, adv. -- Ca*pri"cious*ness, n. Cap"ri*corn (?), n. [L. capricornus; caper goat + cornu horn: cf. F. capricorne.] 1. (Astron.) The tenth sign of zodiac, into which the sun enters at the winter solstice, about December 21. See Tropic. The sun was entered into Capricorn. Dryden. 2. (Astron.) A southern constellation, represented on ancient monuments by the figure of a goat, or a figure with its fore part like a fish. Capricorn beetle (Zo\'94l.), any beetle of the family Carambucid\'91; one of the long-horned beetles. The larv\'91 usually bore into the wood or bark of trees and shurbs and are often destructive. See Girdler, Pruner. Cap"rid (?), a. [L. caper, capra, goat.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the tribe of ruminants of which the goat, or genus Capra, is the type. Cap"ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. caprificatio, fr. caprificare to ripen figs by caprification, fr. caprificus the wild fig; caper goat + ficus fig.] The practice of hanging, upon the cultivated fig tree, branches of the wild fig infested with minute hymenopterous insects. Cap"ri*fole (?), n. [L. caper goat + folium leaf.] The woodbine or honeysuckle. Spenser. Cap"ri*fo`li*a`ceous (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the Honeysuckle family of plants (Caprifoliac\'91. Cap"ri*form (?), a. [L. caper goat + -form.] Having the form of a goat. Ca*prig"e*nous (?), a. [L. caprigenus; caper goat + gegnere to produce.] Of the goat kind. Cap"rine (?), a. [L. caprinus.] Of or pertaining to a goat; as, caprine gambols. Cap"ri*ole (?), n. [F. capriole, cabriole, It. capriola, fr. L. caper goat. Cf. Caper, v. i. Cabriole, Caprice, Cheveril.] 1. (Man.) A leap that a horse makes with all fours, upwards only, without advancing, but with a kick or jerk of the hind legs when at the height of the leap. 2. A leap or caper, as in dancing. \'bdWith lofty turns and caprioles.\'b8 Sir J. Davies. Cap"ri*ole, v. i. To perform a capriole. Carlyle. Cap"ri*ped (?), a. [L. capripers; caper goat + pes pedis, foot.] Having feet like those of a goat. <-- p. 215 --> Cap"ro*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of caproic acid. Ca*pro"ic (?), a. (Chem.) See under Capric. Cap"ry*late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of caprylic acid. Ca*pryl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) See under Capric. Cap*sa"i*cin (?), n. [From Capsicum.] (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance extracted from the Capsicum annuum, and giving off vapors of intense acridity. Cap"sheaf` (?), n. The top sheaf of a stack of grain: (fig.) the crowning or finishing part of a thing. Cap"si*cin (?), n. [From Capsicum.] (Chem.) A red liquid or soft resin extracted from various species of capsicum. Cap"si*cine (?), n. [From Capsicum.] (Chem.) A valatile alkaloid extracted from Capsicum annuum or from capsicin. Cap"si*cum (?), n. [NL., fr. L. capsa box, chest.] (Bot.) A genus of plants of many species, producing capsules or dry berries of various forms, which have an exceedingly pungent, biting taste, and when ground form the red of Cayenne pepper of commerce. Capsicum baccatum or birs pepper. C, annuum or chili pepper, C. frutesens or spur pepper, and C. annuum or Guinea pepeer, which includes the bell pepper and other common garden varieties. The fruit is much used, both in its green and ripe state, in pickles and in cookery. See Cayenne pepper. Cap*size" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Capsized (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Capsizing.] [Cf. Sp. cabecear to nod, pitch, capuzar, chapuzar, to sink (a vessel) by the head; both fr. L. caput head.] To upset or overturn, as a vessel or other body. But what if carrying sail capsize the boat? Byron. Cap"size` (?), n. An upset or overturn. Cap"*square (?), n. (Gun.) A metal covering plate which passes over the trunnions of a cannon, and holds it in place. Cap"stan (?), n. [F. cabestan, fr. Sp. cabestrante, cabrestante, fr. cabestrar to bind with a halter, fr. cabestrohalter, fr. L. capistrum halter, fr. capere to hold (see Capacious); or perh. the Spanish is fr. L. caper goat + stans, p. pr. of stare to stand; cf. F. ch\'8avre she-goat, also a machine for raising heavy weights.] A vertical cleated drum or cylinder, revolving on an upright spindle, and surmounted by a drumhead with sockets for bars or levers. It is much used, especially on shipboard, for moving or raising heavy weights or exerting great power by traction upon a rope or cable, passing around the drum. It is operated either by steam power or by a number of men walking around the capstan, each pushing on the end of a lever fixed in its socket. [Sometimes spelt Capstern, but improperly.] Capstan bar, one of the long bars or levers by which the capstan is worked; a handspike.. -- To pawl the capstan, to drop the pawls so that they will catch in the notches of the pawl ring, and prevent the capstan from turning back. -- To rig the capstan, to prepare the for use, by putting the bars in the sockets. -- To surge the capstan, to slack the tension of the rope or cable wound around it. Cap"stone` (?), n. (Paleon.) A fossil echinus of the genus Cannulus; -- so called from its supposed resemblance to a cap. { Cap"su*lar (?), Cap"su*la*ry (?), } a. [Cf. F. capsulaire.] Of or pertaining to a capsule; having the nature of a capsula; hollow and fibrous. Capsular ligament (Anat.), a ligamentous bag or capsule surrounding many movable joints in the skeleton. { Cap"su*late (?), Cap"su*la`ted (?), } a. Inclosed in a capsule, or as in a chest or box. Cap"sule (?), n. [L. capsula a little box or chest, fr. capsa chest, case, fr. capere to take, contain: cf. F. capsule.] 1. (Bot.) a dry fruit or pod which is made up of several parts or carpels, and opens to discharge the seeds, as, the capsule of the poppy, the flax, the lily, etc. 2. (Chem.) (a) A small saucer of clay for roasting or melting samples of ores, etc.; a scorifier. (b) a small, shallow, evaporating dish, usually of porcelain. 3. (Med.) A small cylindrical or spherical gelatinous envelope in which nauseous or acrid doses are inclosed to be swallowed. 4. (Anat.) A membranous sac containing fluid, or investing an organ or joint; as, the capsule of the lens of the eye. Also, a capsulelike organ. 5. A metallic seal or cover for closing a bottle, 6. A small cup or shell, as of metal, for a percussion cap, cartridge, etc. Atrabiliary capsule. See under Atrabiliary. -- Glisson's capsule, a membranous envelope, entering the liver along with the portal vessels and insheathing the latter in their course through the organ. -- Suprarenal capsule, an organ of unknown function, above or in front of each kidney. Cap"tain (?), n. [OE. capitain, captain, OF. capitain, F. capitaine (cf. Sp. capitan, It. capitano), LL. capitaneus, capitanus, fr. L. caput the head. See under Chief, and cf. Chieftain.] 1. A head, or chief officer; as: (a) The military officer who commands a company, troop, or battery, or who has the rank entitling him to do so though he may be employed on other service. (b) An officer in the United States navy, next above a commander and below a commodore, and ranking with a colonel in the ermy. (c) By courtesy, an officer actually commanding a vessel, although not having the rank of captain. (d) The master or commanding officer of a merchant vessel. (e) One in charge of a portion of a ship's company; as, a captain of a top, captain of a gun, etc. (f) The foreman of a body of workmen. (g) A person having authority over others acting in concert; as, the captain of a boat's crew; the captain of a football team. A trainband captain eke was he. Cowper. The Rhodian captain, relying on . . . the lightness of his vessel, passed, in open day, through all the guards. Arbuthnot. 2. A military leader; a warrior. Foremost captain of his time. Tennyson. Captain general. (a) The commander in chief of an army or armies, or of the militia. (b) The Spanish governor of Cuba and its dependent islands. -- Captain lieutenant, a lieutenant with the rank and duties of captain but with a lieutenant's pay, -- as in the first company of an English regiment. Cap"tain (?), v. t. To act as captain of; to lead. [R.] Men who captained or accompanied the exodus from existing forms. Lowell. Cap"tain, a. Chief; superior. [R.] captain jewes in the carcanet. Shak. Cap"tain*cy (?), n.; pl. Captaincies (. The rank, post, or commission of a captain. Washington. Captaincy general, the office, power, teritory, or jurisdiction of a captain general; as, the captaincy general of La Habana (Cuba and its islands). Cap"tain*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. capitainerie.] Power, or command, over a certain district; chieftainship. [Obs.] Cap"tain*ship, n. 1. The condition, rank, post, or authority of a captain or chief commander. \'bdTo take the captainship.\'b8 Shak. 2. Military skill; as, to show good captainship. Cap*ta`tion (?), n. [L. captatio, fr. captare to catch, intens of caper to take: cf. F. captation.] A courting of favor or applause, by flattery or address; a captivating quality; an attraction. [Obs.] Without any of those dresses, or popular captations, which some men use in their speeches. Eikon Basilike. Cap"tion (?), n. [L. captio, fr. caper to take. In senses 3 and 4, perhaps confounded in meaning with L. caput a head. See Capacious.] 1. A caviling; a sophism. [Obs.] This doctrine is for caption and contradiction. Bacon. 2. The act of taking or arresting a person by judicial process. [R.] Bouvier. 3. (Law) That part of a legal instrument, as a commission, indictment, etc., which shows where, when, and by what authority, it taken, found, or executed. Bouvier. Wharton. 4. The heading of a chapter, section, or page. [U. S.] Cap"tious (?), a. [F. captieux, L. captiosus. See Caption.] 1. Art to catch at faults; disposed to find fault or to cavil; eager to object; difficult to please. A captius and suspicious. Stillingfleet. I am sensible I have not disposed my materials to adbide the test of a captious controversy. Bwike. 2. Fitted to harass, perplex, or insnare; insidious; troublesome. Captious restraints on navigation. Bancroft. Syn. -- Caviling, carping, fault-finding; censorious; hypercritical; peevish, fretful; perverse; troublesome. -- Captious, caviling, Carping. A captious person is one who has a fault-finding habit or manner, or is disposed to catch at faults, errors, etc., with quarrelsome intent; a caviling person is disposed to raise objections on frivolous grounds; carping implies that one is given to ill-natured, persistent, or unreasonable fault-finding, or picking up of the words or actions of others. Caviling is the carping of argument, carping the caviling of ill temper. C. J. Smith. Cap"tious*ly, adv. In a captious manner. Cap"tious*ness, n. Captious disposition or manner. Cap"ti*vate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Captivated; p. pr. & vb. n. Captivating.] [L. captivatus, p. p. of captivare to capture, fr. captivus captive. See Captive.] 1. To take prisoner; to capture; to subdue. [Obs.] Their woes whom fortune captivates. Shak. 2. To acquire ascendancy over by reason of some art or attraction; to fascinate; to charm; as, Cleopatra captivated Antony; the orator captivated all hearts. Small landscapes of captivating loveliness. W. Irving. Syn. -- To enslave; subdue; overpower; charm; enchant; bewitch; facinate; capture; lead captive. Cap"ti*vate (?), p. a. [L. captivatus.] Taken prisoner; made captive; insnared; charmed. Women have been captivate ere now. Shak. Cap"ti*va`ting (?), a. Having power to captivate or cham; fascinating; as, captivating smiles. -- Cap"tiva`ting*ly, adv. Cap"ti*va`tion (?), n. [L. capticatio.] The act of captivating. [R.] The captivation of our understanding. Bp. Hall. Cap"tive (?), n. [L. captivus, fr. capere to take: cf. F. captif. See Caitiff.] 1. A prisoner taken by force or stratagem, esp., by an enemy, in war; one kept in bondage or in the power of another. Then, when I am thy captive, talk of chains. Milton. 2. One charmed or subdued by beaty, excellence, or affection; one who is captivated. Cap"tive, a. 1. Made prisoner, especially in war; held in bondage or in confinement. A poor, miserable, captive thrall. Milton. 2. Subdued by love; charmed; captivated. Even in so short a space, my wonan's heart Grossly grew captive to his honey words. Shak. 3. Of or pertaining to bondage or confinement; serving to confine; as, captive chains; captive hours. Cap"tive (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Captived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Captiving.] To take prisoner; to capture. Their inhabitans slaughtered and captived. Burke. Cap*tiv"i*ty (?), n. [L. captivitas: cf. F. captivit\'82.] 1. The state of being a captive or a prisoner. More celebrated in his captivity that in his greatest triumphs. Dryden. 2. A state of being under control; subjection of the will or affections; bondage. Sink in the soft captivity together. Addison. Syn. -- Imprisonment; confinement; bondage; subjection; servitude; slavery; thralldom; serfdom. Cap"tor (?), n. [L., a cather (of animals), fr. caper to take.] One who captures any person or thing, as a prisoner or a prize. Cap"ture (?), n. [L. capture, fr. caper to take: cf. F. capture. See Caitiff, and cf. aptive.] 1. The act of seizing by force, or getting possession of by superior power or by stratagem; as, the capture of an enemy, a vessel, or a criminal. Even with regard to captures made at sea. Bluckstone. 2. The securing of an object of strife or desire, as by the power of some attraction. 3. The thing taken by force, surprise, or stratagem; a prize; prey. Syn. -- Seizure; apprehension; arrest; detention. Cap"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Captured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Capturing.] To seize or take possession of by force, surprise, or stratagem; to overcome and hold; to secure by effort. Her heart is like some fortress that has been captured. W. Ivring. \'d8Ca*puc"cio (?), n. [It. cappucio. See Capoch.] A capoch or hood. [Obs.] Spenser. Ca*puched" (?), a. [See Capoch.] Cover with, or as with, a hood. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. Cap`u*chin" (?), n. [F. capucin a monk who wears a cowl, fr. It. cappuccio hood. See Capoch.] 1. (Eccl.) A Franciscan monk of the austere branch established in 1526 by Matteo di Baschi, distinguished by wearing the long pointed cowl or capoch of St. Francis. A bare-footed and long-bearded capuchin. Sir W. Scott. 2. A garment for women, consisting of a cloak and hood, resembling, or supposed to resemble, that of capuchin monks. 3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A long-tailed South American monkey (Cabus capucinus), having the forehead naked and wrinkled, with the hair on the crown reflexed and resembling a monk's cowl, the rest being of a grayish white; -- called also capucine monkey, weeper, sajou, sapajou, and sai. (b) Other species of Cabus, as C. fatuellus (the brown or horned capucine.), C. albifrons (the cararara), and C. apella. (c) A variety of the domestic pigeon having a hoodlike tuft of feathers on the head and sides of the neck. Capuchin nun, one of an austere order of Franciscan nuns which came under Capuchin rule in 1538. The order had recently been founded by Maria Longa. Cap"u*cine (?), n. See Capuchin, 3. Cap"u*let (?), n. (Far.) Same as Capellet. Cap"u*lin (?), n. [Sp. capuli.] The Mexican chery (Prunus Capollin). \'d8Ca"put, n.; pl. Capita (#). [L., the head.] 1. (Anat.) The head; also, a knoblike protuberance or capitulum. 2. The top or superior part of a thing. 3. (Eng.) The council or ruling body of the University of Cambridge prior to the constitution of 1856. Your caputs and heads of colleges. Lamb. Caput mortuum (. [L., dead head.] (Old Chem.) The residuum after distillation or sublimation; hence, worthless residue. Ca`py*ba"ra (?), n. [Sp. capibara, fr. the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A large South American rodent (Hydroch\'91rus capybara) Living on the margins of lakes and rivers. It is the largest extant rodent, being about three feet long, and half that in height. It somewhat resembles the Guinea pig, to which it is related; -- called also cabiai and water hog. <-- p. 216 --> Car (?), n. [OF. car, char, F. cahr, fr. L. carrus, Wagon: a Celtic word; cf. W. car, Armor. karr, Ir. & Gael. carr. cf. Chariot.] 1. A small vehicle moved on wheels; usually, one having but two wheels and drawn by one horse; a cart. 2. A vehicle adapted to the rails of a railroad. [U. S.] passenger car is called a railway carriage; a freight car a goods wagon; a platform car a goods truck; a baggage car a van. But styles of car introduced into England from America are called cars; as, tram car. Pullman car. See Train. 3. A chariot of war or of triumph; a vehicle of splendor, dignity, or solemnity. [Poetic]. The gilded car of day. Milton. The towering car, the sable steeds. Tennyson. 4. (Astron.) The stars also called Charles's Wain, the Great Bear, or the Dipper. The Pleiads, Hyads, and the Northern Car. Dryden. 5. The cage of a lift or elevator. 6. The basket, box, or cage suspended from a ballon to contain passengers, ballast, etc. 7. A floating perforated box for living fish. [U. S.] Car coupling, or Car coupler, a shackle or other device for connecting the cars in a railway train. [U. S.] -- Dummy car (Railroad), a car containing its own steam power or locomotive. -- Freight car (Railrood), a car for the transportation of merchandise or other goods. [U. S.] -- Hand car (Railroad), a small car propelled by hand, used by railroad laborers, etc. [U. S.] -- Horse car, or Street car, an ommibus car, draw by horses or other power upon rails laid in the streets. [U. S.] -- Mcol>Palace car, Drawing-room car, Sleeping car, Parior caretc. , (Railroad), cars especially designed and furnished for the comfort of travelers. Car"a*bid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the genus Carbus or family Carabid\'91. -- n. One of the Carabid\'91, a family of active insectivorous beetles. Car"a*bine (?), n. (Mil.) A carbine. Car`a*bi*neer" (?), n. A carbineer. Car"a*boid (?), a. [Carabus + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to the genus Carabus. \'d8Car"a*bus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of ground beetles, including numerous species. They devour many injurious insects. Car"ac (?), n. See Carack. Car"a*cal (?), n. [F. caracal, fr. Turk garahgootag; garah black + goofag ear.] (Zo\'94l.) A lynx (Felis, or Lynx, caracal.) It is a native of Africa and Asia. Its ears are black externally, and tipped with long black hairs. Ca"`ra*ca"ra (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A south American bird of several species and genera, resembling both the eagles and the vultures. The caracaras act as scavengers, and are also called carrion buzzards. Ibycter ater; the chimango is Milvago chimango; the Brazilian is Polyborus Braziliensis. Car"ack (?), n. [F. caraque (cf. Sp. & Pg. carraca, It. caracca.), LL. carraca, fr. L. carrus wagon; or perh. fr. Ar. qorq\'d4r (pl. qar\'beqir) a carack.] (Naut.) A kind of large ship formerly used by the Spaniards and Portuguese in the East India trade; a galleon. [Spelt also carrack.] The bigger whale like some huge carrack law. Waller. Car"a*cole (?), n. [F. caracole, caracol, fr. Sp. caracol snail, winding staircase, a wheeling about.] 1. (Man.) A half turn which a horseman makes, either to the right or the left. 2. (Arch.) A staircase in a spiral form. \'d8En caracole ( [F.], spiral; -- said of a staircase. Car"a*cole (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caracoled (?).] [Cf. F. caracoler.] (Man.) To move in a caracole, or in caracoles; to wheel. Prince John caracoled within the lists. Sir W. Scott. Car"a*col`y (?), n. An alloy of gold, silver, and copper, of which an inferior quality of jewerly is made. { Car"a*core (?), Car"a*co`ra (?) }, n. [Malay kurakura.] A light vessel or proa used by the people of Borneo, etc., and by the Dutch in the East Indies. \'d8Ca*rafe" (?), n. [F.] A glass water bottle for the table or toilet; -- called also croft. { Car"a*geen` Car"a*gheen` } (?), n. See Carrageen. Ca`ram*bo"la (?), n. (Bot.) An East Indian tree (Averrhoa Carambola), and its acid, juicy fruit; called also Coromandel gooseberry. Car"a*mel (?), n. [F. caramel (cf. Sp. caramelo), LL. canna mellis, cannamella, canamella, calamellus mellitus, sugar cane, from or confused with L. canna reed + mel, mellis, honey. See Cane.] 1. (Chem.) Burnt sugar; a brown or black porous substance obtained by heating sugar. It is soluble in water, and is used for coloring spirits, gravies, etc. 2. A kind of confectionery, usually a small cube or square of tenacious paste, or candy, of varying composition and flavor. Ca*ran"goid (?), a. [Caranx + -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Carangid\'91, a family of fishes allied to the mackerels, and including the caranx, American bluefish, and the pilot fish. \'d8Ca"ranx (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fishes, common on the Atlantic coast, including the yellow or goldon mackerel. Car"a*pace (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) The thick shell or sheild which cover the back of the tortoise, or turtle, the crab, and other crustaceous animals. \'d8Ca`ra*pa"to (?), n. [Pg. carrapato.] (Zo\'94l.) A south American tick of the genus Amblyamma. There are several species, very troublesome to man and beast. Car"a*pax (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Carapace. Car"at (?), n. [F. carat (cf. It. carato, OPg. quirate, Pg. & Sp. quilate), Ar. q bean or pea shell, a weight of four grins, a carat, fr. Gr. Horn.] 1. The weight by which precious stones and pearls are weighed. carat equals three and one fifth grains Troy, and is divided into four grains, sometimes called carat grains. Diamonds and other precious stones are estimated by carats and fractions of carats, and pearls, usually, by carat grains. Titfany. 2. A twenty-fourth part; -- a term used in estimating the proportionate fineness of gold. carats fine, according to the number of twenty-fourths of pure gold which it contains; as, 22 carats fine (goldsmith's standard) = 22 parts of gold, 1 of copper, and 1 of silver. Car"a*van (?), n. [F. caravane (cf. Sp. caravana), fr. Per. karmw\'ben a caravan (in sense 1). Cf. Van a wagon.] 1. A company of travelers, pilgrims, or merchants, organized and equipped for a long journey, or marching or traveling together, esp. through deserts and countries infested by robbers or hostile tribes, as in Asia or Africa. 2. A large, covered wagon, or a train of such wagons, for conveying wild beasts, etc., for exhibition; an itinerant show, as of wild beasts. 3. A covered vehicle for carrying passengers or for moving furniture, etc.; -- sometimes shorted into van. Car`a*van*eer" (?), n. [Cf. F. caravanier.] The leader or driver of the camels in caravan. Car`a*van"sa*ry (?), n.; pl. Caravansaries (#) [F. caravans\'82rai, fr. Per. karw\'bensar\'be\'8b; karw\'ben caravan + -sar\'be\'8b palace, large house, inn.] A kind of inn, in the East, where caravans rest at night, being a large, rude, unfurnished building, surrounding a court. [Written also caravanserai and caravansera.] Car"a*vel (?), n. [F. caravelle (cf. It. caravella, Sp. carabela), fr. Sp. caraba a kind of vessel, fr. L. carabus a kind of light boat, fr. Gr. [written also caravel and caravelle.] (Naut.) A name given to several kinds of vessels. (a) The caravel of the 16th century was a small vessel with broad bows, high, narrow poop, four masts, and lateen sails. Columbus commanded three caravels on his great voyage. (b) A Portuguese vessel of 100 or 150 tons burden. (c) A small fishing boat used on the French coast. (d) A Turkish man-of-war. Car"a*way (?), n. [F. carvi (cf. Sp. carvi and al-caravea, al-carahueya, Pg. al-caravia) fr. Ar. karaw\'c6\'befr. Gr. caraum.] 1. (Bot.) A biennial plant of the Parsley family (Carum Carui). The seeds have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste. They are used in cookery and confectionery, and also in medicine as a carminative. 2. A cake or sweetmeat containing caraway seeds. Caraways, or biscuits, or some other [comfits]. Cogan. Car*bam"ic (?), a. [Carbon + amido.] (Chem.) Pertaining to an acid so called. Carbamic acid (Chem.), an amido acid, NH2.CO2H, not existing in the free state, but occurring as a salt of ammonium in commercial ammonium carbonate; -- called also amido formic acid. Car*bam"ide (?), n. [Carbonyl + amide.] (Chem.) The technical name for urea. Car*bam"ine (?), n. (Chem.) An isocyanide of a hydrocarbon radical. The carbamines are liquids, usually colorless, and of unendurable odor. Car"ba*nil (?), n. [Carbonyl + aniline.] (Chem.) A mobile liquid, CO.N.C6H5, of pungent odor. It is the phenyl salt of isocyanic acid. Car"ba*zol (?), n. [Carbon + azo + -ol.] (Chem.) A white crystallized substance, C12H8NH, derived from aniline and other amines. Car*baz"o*tate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of carbazotic or picric acid; a picrate. Car`ba*zot"ic (?), a. [Carbon + azole.] Containing, or derived from, carbon and nitrogen. Carbazotic acid (Chem.), picric acid. See under Picric. Car"bide (?), n. [Carbon + -ide.] (Chem.) A binary compound of carbon with some other element or radical, in which the carbon plays the part of a negative; -- formerly termed carburet. Car"bi*mide (?), n. [Carbon + imide] (Chem.) The technical name for isocyanic acid. See under Isocyanic. Car"bine (?), n. [F. carbine, OF. calabrin carabineer (cf. Ot. calabrina a policeman), fr. OF & Pr. calabre, OF. cable, chable, an engine of war used in besieging, fr. LL. chadabula, cabulus, a kind of projectile machine, fr. Gr. Parable.] (Mil.) A short, light musket or rifle, esp. one used by mounted soldiers or cavalry. Car`bi*neer" (?), n. [F. carabinier.] (Mil.) A soldier armed with a carbine. Car"bi*nol (?), n. [Carbin (Kolbe's name for the radical) + -ol.] (Chem.) Methyl alcohol, CH3OH; -- also, by extension, any one in the homologous series of paraffine alcohols of which methyl alcohol is the type. Car`bo*hy"drate (?), n. [Carbon + hydrate.] (Physiol. Chem.) One of a group of compounds including the sugars, starches, and gums, which contain six (or some multiple of six) carbon atoms, united with a variable number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, but with the two latter always in proportion as to form water; as dextrose, C6H12O6. Car`bo*hy"dride (?), n. [Carbon + hydrogen.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon. Car*bol"ic (?), a. [L. carbo coal + oleum oil.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid derived from coal tar and other sources; as, carbolic acid (called also phenic acid, and phenol). See Phenol. Car"bo*lize (?), v. t. (Med.) To apply carbonic acid to; to wash or treat with carbolic acid. Car"bon (?), n. [F. carbone, fr. L. carbo coal; cf, Skr. (Chem.) An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which is present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it is combustible, and forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in hexagonal prisms or tables. When united with oxygen it forms carbon dioxide, commonly called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide, according to the proportions of the oxygen; when united with hydrogen, it forms various compounds called hydrocarbons. Compare Diamond, and Graphite. Carbon compounds, Compounds of carbon (Chem.), those compounds consisting largely of carbon, commonly produced by animals and plants, and hence called organic compounds, though their synthesis may be effected in many cases in the laboratory. The formation of the compounds of carbon is not dependent upon the life process. I. Remsen -Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide. (Chem.) See under Carbonic. -- Carbon light (Elec.), an extremely brilliant electric light produced by passing a galvanic current through two carbon points kept constantly with their apexes neary in contact. -- Carbon point (Elec.), a small cylinder or bit of gas carbon moved forward by clockwork so that, as it is burned away by the electric current, it shall contantly maintain its proper relation to the opposing point. -- Carbon tissue, paper coated with gelatine and pigment, used in the autotype process of photography. Abney. -- Gas carbon, a compact variety of carbon obtained as an incrustation on the interior of gas retorts, and used for the manufacture of the carbon rods of pencils for the voltaic, arc, and for the plates of voltaic batteries, etc. Car"bo*na`ceous (?), a. Pertaining to, containing, or composed of, carbon. { Car"bo*nade (?), Car`bo*na"do (?), } n. [Cf. F. carbonnade, It. carbonata, Sp. carbonada, from L. carbo coal.] (Cookery) Flesh, fowl, etc., cut across, seasoned, and broiled on coals; a chop. [Obs.] { Car`bo*na"do (?), Car"bo*nade (?), } v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carbonadoed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Carbonadoing.] 1. To cut (meat) across for frying or broiling; to cut or slice and broil. [Obs.] A short-legged hen daintily carbonadoed. Bean. & Fl. 2. To cut or hack, as in fighting. [Obs.] I'll so carbonado your shanks. Shak. Car`bo*na"do (?), n.; pl. Carbonadoes (#). [Pg., carbonated.] (Min.) A black variety of diamond, found in Brazil, and used for diamond drills. It occurs in irregular or rounded fragments, rarely distinctly crystallized, with a texture varying from compact to porous. Car`bo*na"rism (?), n. The principles, practices, or organization of the Carbonari. \'d8Car`bo*na"ro (?), n.; pl. Carbonari (#). [It., a coal man.] A member of a secret political association in Italy, organized in the early part of the nineteenth centry for the purpose of changing the government into a republic. Carbonari is uncertain, but the society is said to have first met, in 1808, among the charcoal burners of the mountains, whose phraseology they adopted. Car`bon*a*ta"tion (?), n. [From Carbonate.] (Sugar Making) The saturation of defecated beet juice with carbonic acid gas. Knight. Car"bon*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. carbonate.] (Chem.) A salt or carbonic acid, as in limestone, some forms of lead ore, etc. Car"bon*a`ted (?), a. Combined or impregnated with carbonic acid. Car"bone (?), v. t. [See Carbonado.] To broil. [Obs.] \'bdWe had a calf's head carboned\'b8. Pepys. Car*bon"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. carbonique. See Carbon.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, carbon; as, carbonic oxide. Carbonic acid (Chem.), an acid H2CO3, not existing separately, which, combined with positive or basic atoms or radicals, forms carbonates. On common language the term is very generally applied to a compound of carbon and oxygen, CO2, more correctly called carbon dioxide. It is a colorless, heavy, irrespirable gas, extinguishing flame, and when breathed destroys life. It can be reduced to a liquid and solid form by intense pressure. It is produced in the fermentation of liquors, and by the combustion and decomposition of organic substances, or other substances containing carbon. It is formed in the explosion of fire damp in mines, and is hance called after damp; it is also know as choke damp, and mephilic air. Water will absorb its own volume of it, and more than this under pressure, and in this state becomes the common soda water of the shops, and the carbonated water of natural springs. Combined with lime it constitutes limestone, or common marble and chalk. Plants imbibe it for their nutrition and growth, the carbon being retained and the oxygen given out. -- Carbonic oxide (Chem.), a colorless gas, CO, of a light odor, called more correctly carbon monoxide. It is almost the only definitely known compound in which carbon seems to be divalent. It is a product of the incomplete combustion of carbon, and is an abundant constituent of water gas. It is fatal to animal life, extinguishes combustion, and burns with a pale blue flame, forming carbon dioxide. <-- p. 217 --> Car"bon*ide (?), n. A carbide. [R.] Car`bon*if"er*ous (?), a. [Carbon + -ferous.] Producing or containing carbon or coal. Carboniferous age (Geol.), the age immediately following the Devonian, or Age of fishes, and characterized by the vegatation which formed the coal beds. This age embraces three periods, the Subcarboniferous, the Carboniferous, and Permian. See Age of acrogens, under Acrogen. -- Carboniferous formation (Geol.), the series of rocks (including sandstones, shales, limestones, and conglomerates, with beds of coal) which make up the strata of the Carboniferous age . See the Diagram under Geology. Car`bon*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. carbonisation.] The act or process of carbonizing. Car"bon*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carbonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Carbonizing.] [Cf. F. carboniser.] 1. To cover (an animal or vegatable substance) into a residue of carbon by the action of fire or some corrosive agent; to char. 2. To impregnate or combine with carbon, as in making steel by cementation. Car`bon*om"e*ter (?), n. [Carbon + -meter.] An instrument for detecting and measuring the amount of carbon which is present, or more esp. the amount of carbon dioxide, by its action on limewater or by other means. Car"bon*yl (?), n. [Carbon + -yl.] (Chem.) The radical (CO)\'b7\'b7, occuring, always combined, in many compounds, as the aldehydes, the ketones, urea, carbonyl chloride, etc. Carbonyl chloride (Chem.), a colorless gas, COCl2, of offensive odor, and easily condensable to liquid. It is formed from chlorine and carbon monoxide, under the influence of light, and hence has been called phosgene gas; -- called also carbon oxychloride. Car`bo*sty"ril (?), n. [Carbon + styrene.] A white crystalline substance, C9H6N.OH, of acid properties derived from one of the amido cinnamic acids. Car*box"ide (?), n. [Carbon + oxide.] (Chem.) A compound of carbon and oxygen, as carbonyl, with some element or radical; as, potassium carboxide. Potassium carboxide, a grayish explosive crystalline compound, C6O6K, obtained by passing carbon monoxide over heated potassium. Car*box"yl (?), n. [Carbon + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.) The complex radical, CO.OH, regarded as the essential and characteristic constituent which all oxygen acids of carbon (as formic, acetic, benzoic acids, etc.) have in common; -- called also oxatyl. Car"boy (?), n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael carb basket; or Pers qur\'bebah a sort of bottle.] A large, globular glass bottle, esp. one of green glass, inclosed in basket work or in a box, for protection; -- used commonly for carrying corrosive liquids; as sulphuric acid, etc. Car"bun*cle (?), n. [L. carbunculus a little coal, a bright kind of precious stone, a kind of tumor, dim. of carbo coal: cf. F. carboncle. See Carbon.] 1. (Min.) A beautiful gem of a deep red color (with a mixture of scarlet) called by the Greeks anthrax; found in the East Indies. When held up to the sun, it loses its deep tinge, and becomes of the color of burning coal. The name belongs for the most part to ruby sapphire, though it has been also given to red spinel and garnet. 2. (Med.) A very painful acute local inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue, esp. of the trunk or back of the neck, characterized by brawny hardness of the affected parts, sloughing of the skin and deeper tissues, and marked constitutional depression. It differs from a boil in size, tendency to spread, and the absence of a central core, and is frequently fatal. It is also called anthrax. 3. (Her.) A charge or bearing supposed to represent the precious stone. It has eight scepters or staves radiating from a common center. Called also escarbuncle. Car"bun*cled (?), a. 1. Set with carbuncles. He has deserves it [armor], were it carbuncled Like holy Phabus' car. Shak. 2. Affected with a carbuncle or carbuncles; marked with red sores; pimpled and blotched. \'bdA carbuncled face.\'b8 Brome. Car*bun"cu*lar (?), a. Belonging to a carbuncle; resembling a carbuncle; red; inflamed. Car*bun`cu*la"tion (?), n. [L. carbunculatio.] The blasting of the young buds of trees or plants, by excessive heat or caold. Harris. Car"bu*ret (?), n. [From Carbon.] (Chem.) A carbide. See Carbide [Archaic] Car"bu*ret, v. t. [imp & p. p. Carbureted or Carburetted (p. pr. & vb. n. Carbureting or Carburetting.] To combine or to impregnate with carbon, as by passing through or over a liquid hydrocarbon; to carbonize or carburize. By carbureting the gas you may use poorer coal. Knight. Car"bu*ret`ant (?), n. Any volatile liquid used in charging illuminating gases. Car"bu*ret`ed (?), a. 1. (Chem.) Combined with carbon in the manner of a carburet or carbide. 2. Saturated or impregnated with some volatile carbon compound; as, water gas is carbureted to increase its illuminating power. [Written also carburetted.] Carbureted hydrogen gas, any one of several gaseous compounds of carbon and hydrogen, some of with make up illuminating gas. -- Light carbureted hydrogen, marsh gas, CH4; fire damp<--; methane-->. Car"bu*ret`or (?), n. (Chem.) An apparatus in which coal gas, hydrogen, or air is passed through or over a volatile hydrocarbon, in order to confer or increase illuminating power. [Written also carburettor.] Car"bu*ri*za`tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act, process, or result of carburizing. Car"bu*rize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carburized (?); p. pr. & vb. N. Carburizing.] (Chem.) To combine wtih carbon or a carbon compound; -- said esp. of a process for conferring a higher degree of illuminating power on combustible gases by mingling them with a vapor of valatile hydrocarbons. Car"ca*jou (?), n. [Probably a Canadian French corruption of an Indian name of the wolverene.] (Zo\'94l.) The wolverence; -- also applied, but erroneously, to the Canada lynx, and sometimes to the American badger. See Wolverene. Car"ca*net (?), n. [Dim. fr. F. carcan the iron collar or chain of a criminal, a chain of preciousstones, LL. carcannum, fr. Armor. kerchen bosom, neck, kechen collar, fr. kelch circle; or Icel. kverk troat, OHG, querca throat.] A jeweled chain, necklace, or collar. [Also written carkenet and carcant.] Shak. Car"case (?), n. See Carcass. Car"cass (?), n.; pl. Carcasses (#). [Written also carcase.] [F. carcasse, fr. It. carcassa, fr. L. caro flesh + capsa chest, box, case. Cf. Carnal, Case a sheath.] 1. A dead body, whether of man or beast; a corpse; now commonly the dead body of a beast. He turned to see the carcass of the lion. Judges xiv. 8. This kept thousands in the town whose carcasses went into the great pits by cartloads. De Foe. 2. The living body; -- now commonly used in contempt or ridicule. \'bdTo pamper his own carcass.\'b8 South. Lovely her face; was ne'er so fair a creature. For earthly carcass had a heavenly feature. Oldham. 3. The abandoned and decaying remains of some bulky and once comely thing, as a ship; the skeleton, or the uncovered or unfinished frame, of a thing. A rotten carcass of a boat. Shak. 4. (Mil.) A hollow case or shell, filled with combustibles, to be thrown from a mortar or howitzer, to set fire to buldings, ships, etc. A discharge of carcasses and bombshells. W. Iving. \'d8Car`ca*vel"hos (?), n. A sweet wine. See Calcavella. Car"ce*lage (?), n. [LL. carcelladium, carceragium, fr. L. carcer prison.] Prison fees. [Obs.] Car"cel lamp` (?). [Named after Carcel, the inventor.] A French mechanical lamp, for lighthouses, in which a superbundance of oil is pumped to the wick tube by clockwork. Car"cer*al (?), a. [L. carceralis, fr. carcer prison.] Belonging a prison. [R.] Foxe. Car`ci*no*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to carcinology. Car`ci*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] (Zo\'94l.) The depertment of zo\'94logy which treats of the Crustacea (lobsters, crabs, etc.); -- called also malacostracology and crustaceology. \'d8Car`ci*no"ma (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. -oma.] (Med.) A cancer. By some medical writers, the term is applied to an indolent tumor. See Cancer. Dunglison. Car`ci*nom"a*tous (?), a. Of or pertaining to carcinoma. \'d8Car`ci*no"sys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. The affection of the system with cancer. Card (?), n. [F. carte, fr. L. charta paper, Gr. Chart.] 1. A piece of pasteboard, or thick paper, blank or prepared for various uses; as, a playing card; a visiting card; a card of invitation; pl. a game played with cards. Our first cards were to Carabas House. Thackeray. 2. A published note, containing a brief statement, explanation, request, expression of thanks, or the like; as, to put a card in the newspapers. Also, a printed programme, and (fig.), an attraction or inducement; as, this will be a good card for the last day of the fair. 3. A paper on which the points of the compass are marked; the dial or face of the mariner's compass. All the quartere that they know I' the shipman's card. Shak. 4. (Weaving) A perforated pasteboard or sheet-metal plate for warp threads, making part of the Jacquard apparatus of a loom. See Jacquard. 5. An indicator card. See under Indicator. Business card, a card on which is printed an advertisement or business address. -- Card basket (a) A basket to hold visiting cards left by callers. (b) A basket made of cardboard. -- Card catalogue. See Catalogue. -- Card rack, a rack or frame for holding and displaying business or visiting card. -- Card table, a table for use inplaying cards, esp. one having a leaf which folds over. -- On the cards, likely to happen; foretold and expected but not yet brought to pass; -- a phrase of fortune tellers that has come into common use; also, according to the programme. -- Playing card, cards used in playing games; specifically, the cards cards used playing which and other games of chance, and having each pack divided onto four kinds or suits called hearts, diamonds, clubs, and spades. The full or whist pack contains fifty-two cards. -- To have the cards in one's own hands, to have the winning cards; to have the means of success in an undertaking. -- To play one's cards well, to make no errors; to act shrewdly. -- To play snow one's cards, to expose one's plants to rivals or foes. -- To speak by the card, to speak from information and definitely, not by guess as in telling a ship's bearing by the compass card. -- Visiting card, a small card bearing the name, and sometimes the address, of the person presenting it. Card, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Carded; p. pr. & vb. n. Carding.] To play at cards; to game. Johnson. Card, n. [F. carde teasel, the head of a thistle, card, from L. carduus, cardus, thistle, fr. carere to card.] 1. An instrument for disentangling and arranging the fibers of cotton, wool, flax, etc.; or for cleaning and smoothing the hair of animals; -- usually consisting of bent wire teeth set closely in rows in a thick piece of leather fastened to a back. 2. A roll or sliver of fiber (as of wool) delivered from a carding machine. Card clothing, strips of wire-toothed card used for covering the cylinders of carding machines. Card (?), v. t. 1. To comb with a card; to cleanse or disentangle by carding; as, to card wool; to card a horse. These card the short comb the longer flakes. Dyer. 2. To clean or clear, as if by using a card. [Obs.] This book [must] be carded and purged. T. Shelton. 3. To mix or mingle, as with an inferior or weaker article. [Obs.] You card your beer, if you guests being to be drunk. -- half small, half strong. Greene. Combing. Car"da*mine (?), n. [L. cardamina, Gr. cardamine.] (Bot.) A genus of cruciferous plants, containing the lady's-smock, cuckooflower, bitter cress, meadow cress, etc. Car"da*mom (?), n. [L. cardamonun, Gr. 1. The aromatic fruit, or capsule with its seeds, of several plants of the Ginger family growing in the East Indies and elsewhere, and much used as a condiment, and in medicine. 2. (Bot.) A plant which prduces cardamoms, esp. Elettaria Cardamomum and several of Amommum. Card"board (?), n. A stiff compact pasteboard of various qualities, for making cards, etc., often having a polished surface. Card"case` (?), n. A case for visiting cards. Car"de*cu (?), n. [Corrupt, from F. quart d'\'82cu.] A quarter of a crown. [Obs.] The bunch of them were not worth a cardecu. Sir W. Scott. Card"er (?), n. One who, or that which cards wool flax, etc. Shak. Car"di*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) (a) The heart. (b) The anterior or cardiac orifice of the stomach, where the esophagus enters it. Car"di*ac (?), a. [L. cardiacus, Gr. , fr. cardiaque.] 1. (Anat.) Pertaining to, resembling, or hear the heart; as, the cardiac arteries; the cardiac, or left, end of the stomach. 2. (Med.) Exciting action in the heart, through the medium of the stomach; cordial; stimulant. Cardiac passion (Med.) cardialgia; heartburn. [Archaic] -- Cardiac wheel. (Mach.) See Heart wheel. Car"di*ac n. (Med.) A medicine which excites action in the stomach; a cardial. Car*di"a*cal (?), a. Cardiac. Car"di*a*cle (?), n. A pain about the heart. [Obs.] Chaucer. Car"di*a*graph (?), n. See Cardiograph. { \'d8Car`di*al"gl*a (?), Car"di*al`gy (?), } n. [NL. cardialgia, fr. Gr. cardialgie.] (Med.) A burning or gnawing pain, or feeling of distress, referred to the region of the heart, accompanied with cardisc palpitation; heartburn. It is usually a symptom of indigestion. Car"di*gan jack`et (#). [From the Earl of Cardigan, who was famous in the Crimean campaign of 1854-55.] A warm jacket of knit worsted with or without sleeves. Car"di*nal (?), a. [L. cardinalis, fr. cardo the hing of a door, that on which a thing turns or depends: cf. F. cardinal.] Of fundamental importance; pre\'89minet; superior; chief; principal. The cardinal intersections of the zodiac. Sir T. Browne. Impudence is now a cardinal virtue. Drayton. But cardinal sins, and hollow hearts, I fear ye. Shak. Cardinal numbers, the numbers one, two, three, etc., in distinction from first, second, third, etc., which are called ordinal numbers. -- Cardinal points (a) (Geol.) The four principal points of the compass, or intersections of the horizon with the meridian and the prime vertical circle, north, south east, and west. (b) (Astrol.) The rising and setting of the sun, the zenith and nadir. -- Cardinal signs (Astron.) Aries, Lidra, Cancer, and Capricorn. -- Cardinal teeth (Zo\'94l.), the central teeth of bivalve shell. See Bivalve. -- Cardinal veins (Anat.), the veins in vertebrate embryos, which run each side of the vertebral column and returm the blood to the heart. They remain through life in some fishes. -- Cardinal virtues, pre\'89minent virtues; among the ancients, prudence, justice, temperance, and fortitude. -- Cardinal winds, winds which blow from the cardinal points due north, south, east, or west. Car"di*nal, n. [F. carinal, It. cardinale, LL. cardimalis (ecclesi\'91 Roman\'91). See Cardinal, a.] 1. (R.C.Ch.) One of the ecclesiastical prince who constitute the pope's council, or the sacred college. The clerics of the supreme Chair are called Cardinals, as undoubtedly adhering more nearly to the hinge by which all things are moved. Pope Leo IX. cardinals are appointed by the pope. Since the time of Sixtus V., their number can never exceed seventy (six of episcopal rank, fifty priests, fourteen deacons), and the number of cardinal priests and deacons is seldom full. When the papel chair is vacant a pope is elected by the college of cardinals from among themselves. The cardinals take procedence of all dignitaries except the pope. The principal parts of a cardinal's costume are a red cassock, a rochet, a short purple mantle, and a red hat with a small crown and broad, brim, with cards and tessels of a special pattern hanging from it. 2. A woman's short cloak with a hood. Where's your cardinal! Make haste. Lloyd. 3. Mulled red wine. Hotten. <-- p. 218 --> Cardinal bird, Cardinal grosbeak (Zo\'94l.), an American song bird (Cardinalis cardinalis, or C. Virginianus), of the family Fringillid\'91, or finches having a bright red plumage, and a high, pointed crest on its head. The males have loud and musical notes resembling those of a fife. Other related species are also called cardinal birds. -- Cardinal flower (Bot.), an herbaceous plant (Lobelia cardinalis) bearing brilliant red flowers of much beauty. -- Cardinal red, color like that of a cardinal's cassock, hat, etc.; a bright red, darket than scarlet, and between scarlet and crimson. Car"di*nal*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. cardinalat, LL. cardinalatus.] The office, rank, or dignity of a cardinal. Car"di*nal*ize (?), v. t. To exalt to the office of a cardinal. Sheldon. Car"di*nal*ship, n. The condition, dignity, of office of a cardinal Card"ing (?), a. 1. The act or process of preparing staple for spinning, etc., bycarding it. See the Note under Card, v. t. 2. A roll of wool or other fiber as it comes from the carding machine. Carding engine, Carding machine, a machine for carding cotton, wool, or other fiber, by subjecting it to the action of cylinders, or drum covered with wire-toothed cards, revoling nearly in contact with each other, at different rates of speed, or in opposite directions, The staple issues in soft sheets, or in slender rolls called sivers. Car"di*o*graph (?), n. [Gr. -graph.] (Med.) An instrument which, when placed in contact with the chest, will register graphically the comparative duration and intensity of the heart's movements. Car`di*o*graph"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to, or produced by, a cardiograph. Car"di*oid (?), n. [Gr. ( (Math.) An algebraic curve, so called from its resemblance to a heart. Car`di*o*in*hib"i*to*ry (?), a. (Physiol.) Checking or arresting the heart's action. Car`di*ol"*gy (?), n. [Gr. -ology.] The science which treats of the heart and its functions. Car`di*om"e*try (?), n. [Gr. -metry.] (Med.) Measurement of the heart, as by percussion or auscultation. Car`di*o*sphyg"mo*graph (?), n. A combination of cardiograph and shygmograph. \'d8Car*di"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -itis: cf. F. cardile.] (Med) Inflammation of the fleshy or muscular substance of the heart. See Endocardris and Pericarditis. Dunglison. \'d8Car"do (?), n.; pl. Cardies (#).) [L., a hinge.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The basal joint of the maxilla in insects. (b) The hinge of a bivalve shell. Car"dol (?), n. [NL. Anacardium generic name of the cashew + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A yellow oil liquid, extracted from the shell of the cashew nut. Car*doon" (?), n. [F. cardon. The same word as F. cardon thistle, fr. L. carduus, cardus, LL. cardo. See 3d Card.] (Bot.) A large herbaceos plant (Cynara Cardunculus) related to the artichoke; -- used in cookery and as a sald. Care (?), n. [AS. caru, cearu; akin to OS. kara sorrow Goth. kara lament, and to Gr. . Not akin to cure. Cf. Chary.] 1. A burdensome sense of responsibility; trouble caused by onerous duties; anxiety; concern; solicitude. Care keeps his wath in every old man's eye, And where care lodges, sleep will never lie. Shak. 2. Charge, oversight, or management, implying responsibility for safety and prosperity. The care of all the churches. 2 Car. xi. 28 Him thy care must be to find. Milton. Perlexed with a thousand cares. Shak. 3. Attention or heed; caution; regard; heedfulness; watchfulness; as, take care; have a care. I thank thee for thy care and honest pains. Shak. 4. The object of watchful attention or anxiety. Right sorrowfully mourning her bereaved cares. Spenser. Syn. -- Anxiety; solicitude; concern; caution; regard; management; direction; oversight. -- Care, Anxiety, Solicitude, Concern. These words express mental pain in different degress. Care belongs primarily to the intellect, and becomes painful from overburdened thought. Anxiety denotes a state of distressing uneasiness fron the dread of evil. Solicitude expresses the same feeling in a diminished dagree. Concern is opposed to indifference, and implies exercise of anxious thought more or less intense. We are careful about the means, solicitous and anxious about the end; we are solicitous to obtain a good, axious to avoid an evil. Care, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Caring.] [AS. cearian. See Care, n.] To be anxious or solictous; to be concerned; to have regard or interest; -- sometimes followed by an objective of measure. I would not care a pin, if the other three were in. Shak. Master, carest thou not that we perish? Mark. iv. 38. To care for. (a) To have under watchful attention; to take care of. (b) To have regard or affection for; to like or love. He cared not for the affection of the house. Tennyson. Ca*reen" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Careened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Careening.] [OF. cariner, F. car\'82ner, fr. OF. car\'8ane, the bottom of a ship, keel, fr. L. carina.] (Naut.) To cause (a vessel) to lean over so that she floats on one side, leaving the other side out of water and accessible for repairs below the water line; to case to be off the keel. Ca*reen" (, v. i. To incline to one side, or lie over, as a ship when sailing on a wind; to be off the keel. Ca*reen"age (?), n. [Cf. F. car\'82nage.] (Naut.) (a) Expense of careening ships. (b) A place for careening. Ca*reer" (?), n. [F. carri\'8are race course, high road, street, fr. L. carrus wagon. See Car.] 1. A race course: the ground run over. To go back again the same career. Sir P. Sidney. 2. A running; full speed; a rapid course. When a horse is running in his full career. Wilkins. 3. General course of action or conduct in life, or in a particular part or calling in life, or in some special undertaking; usually applied to course or conduct which is of a pubic character; as, Washington's career as a soldier. An impartial view of his whole career. Macaulay. 4. (Falconary) The fight of a hawk. Ca*reer", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Careered 3; p. pr. & vb. n. Careering] To move or run rapidly. areering gayly over the curling waves. W. Irving. Care"ful (?), a. [AS. cearful.] 1. Full of care; anxious; solicitous [Archaic] Be careful [Rev. Ver. \'bdanxious\'b8] for nothing. Phil. iv. 6. The careful plowman doubting stands. Milton. 2. Filling with care or colicitube; exposing to concern, anxiety, or trouble; painful. The careful cold beinneth for to creep. Spenser. By Him that raised me to this careful height. Shak. 3. Taking care; gicing good heed; watchful; cautious; provident; not indifferent heedless, or reckless; -- often follower byof, for, or the infinitive; as, careful of money; careful to do right. Thou hast been careful for us with all this care. 2. Kings iv, 13. What could a careful father more have done? Dryden. Syn. -- Anxious; solicitous; provident; thoughtful; cautious; circumspect; heedful; watchful; vigilant. Care"ful*ly, adv. In a careful manner. Care"ful*ness, n. Quality or state of being careful. Care"less (?), a. [AS. cearle\'a0s.] 1. Free from care or anxiety. hence, cheerful; light-hearted. Spenser. Sleep she as sound as careless infancy. Shak. 2. Having no care; not taking ordinary or proper care; negligent; unconcerned; heedless; inattentive; unmindful; regardless. My brother was too careless of his charge. Shak. He grew careless of himself. Steele. 3. Without thought or purpose; without due care; without attention to rule or system; unstudied; inconsiderate; spontaneouse; rash; as, a careless throw; a careless expression. He framed the careless rhyme. Beatie. 4. Not receiving care; uncared for. [R.] Their many wounds and careless hatms. Spemser. Syn. -- Negligent; heedless; thoughtless; unthinking; inattentive; incautious; remiss; forgetful; regardless; inconsiderate; listless. Care"less*ly, adv. In a careless manner. Care"less*ness, n. The quality or state of being careless; heedlessness; negligenece; inattention. Ca*rene" (?), n. [LL. carena, corrupted fr. quarentena. See Quarantine.] (Ecol.) A fast of forty days on bread and water. [Obs.] Ca*ress" (?), n. [F. caresse, It. carezza, LL. caritia dearness, fr. L. carus dear. See Charity.] An act of endearment; any act or expression of affection; an embracing, or touching, with tenderness. Wooed her with his soft caresses. Langfellow. He exerted himself to win by indulgence and caresses the hearts of all who were under his command. Macaulay. Ca*ress", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Caressing.] [F. caresser, fr. It. carezzare, fr. carezza caress. See Caress., n.] To treat with tokens of fondness, affection, or kindness; to touch or speak to in a loving or endearing manner; to fondle. The lady caresses the rough bloodhoun. Sir W. Scott. Syn. -- To foundle; embrace; pet; coddle; court; flatter. -- Caress, Fondle. \'bdWe caress by words or actions; we fondle by actions only.\'b8 Crabb. Ca*ress"ing*ly, ad. In caressing manner. Ca"ret (?), n. [L. caret there is wanting, fr. carere to want.] A mark [^] used by writers and proof readers to indicate that something is interlined above, or inserted in the margin, which belongs in the place marked by the caret. \'d8Ca`ret" (?), n. [F., a species of tortoise.] (Zo\'94l.) The hawkbill turtle. See Hawkbill. Care"*tuned (?), a. Weary; mournful. Shak. Care"worn` (?), a. Worn or burdened with care; as, careworn look or face. \'d8Ca"rex (?), n. [L., sedge.] (Bot.) A numerous and widely distributed genus of perennial herbaceous plants of the order Cypreace\'91; the sedges. Carf (?), pret. of Carve. [Obs.] Chaucer. Car"ga*son (?), n. [F. cargaison, Sp. cargazon, LL. cargare to load. See rgo.] A cargo. [Obs.] Car"go (?), n.; pl. Cargoes (#). [Sp. cargo, carga, burden, load, from cargar to load, from cargar to load, charge, See Charge.] The lading or freight of a ship or other vessel; the goods, merchandise, or whatever is conveyed in a vessel or boat; load; freight. Cargoes of food or clothing. E. Everett. cargo, in law, is usually applied to goods only, and not to live animals or persons. Burill. Car"goose` (?), n. [Perh. fr. Gael. & Ir. cir, cior (pronounced kir, kior), crest, comb + E. goose. Cf. Crebe.] (Zo\'94l.) A species of grebe (Podiceps crisratus); the crested grebe. \'d8\'80a"ri*a"ma (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A large, long-legged South American bird (Dicholophus cristatus) which preys upon snakes, etc. See Seriema. Car"ib (?), n.; pl. Caries. [See Cannibal.] (Ethol.) A native of the Caribbee islands or the coaste of the Caribbean sea; esp., one of a tribe of Indians inhabiting a region of South America, north of the Amazon, and formerly most of the West India islands. { Car`ib*be"an (?), Car`ib*bee (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the Caribs, to their islands (the eastern and southern West Indies), or to the sea (called the Caribbean sa) lying between those islands and Central America. Car"ib*bee, n. A Carib. \'d8Ca*ri"be (?), n. [Sp. a cannibal.] (Zo\'94l). A south American fresh water fish of the genus Serrasalmo of many species, remakable for its voracity. When numerous they attack man or beast, often with fatal results. Car"i*bou (?), n. [Canadian French.] (Zo\'94l.) The American reindeer, especially the common or woodland species (Rangifer Caribou). Barren Ground caribou. See under Barren. -- Woodland caribou, the common reindeer (Rangifer Caribou) of the northern forests of America. Car"i*ca*ture (?), n. [It. caricatura, fr. caricare to charge, overload, exaggerate. See Charge, v. t.] 1. An exaggeration, or distortion by exaggeration, of parts or characteristics, as in a picture. 2. A picture or other figure or description in which the peculiarities of a person or thing are so exaggerated as to appear ridiculous; a burlesque; a parody. [Formerly written caricatura.] The truest likeness of the prince of French literature will be the one that has most of the look of a caricature. I. Taylor. A grotesque caricature of virtue. Macaulay. Car"i*ca*ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caricatured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Caricaturing.] To make or draw a caricature of; to represent with ridiculous exaggeration; to burlesque. He could draw an ill face, or caricature a good one, with a masterly hand. Lord Lyttelton. Car"i*ca*tu`rist (?), n. One who caricatures. Car"i*cous (?), a. [L. carica a kind of dry fig.] Of the shape of a fig; as, a caricous tumor. Graig. \'d8Ca"ri*es (?), n.[L., decay.] (Med.) Ulceration of bone; a process in which bone disintegrates and is carried away piecemeal, as distinguished from necrosis, in which it dies in masses. Car"il*lon (?), n. [F. carillon a chime of bells, originally consisting of four bells, as if fr.. (assumed) L. quadrilio, fr. quatuer four.] 1. (Mus.) A chime of bells diatonically tuned, played by clockwork or by finger keys. 2. A tune adapted to be played by musical bells. \'d8Ca*ri"na (?), n. [L., keel.] 1. (Bot.) A keel. (a) That part of a papilionaceous flower, consisting of two petals, commonly united, which incloses the organs of fructification. (b) A longitudinal ridge or projection like the keel of a boat. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The keel of the breastbone of birds. Car`i*na"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. carina keel.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of oceanic heteropod Mollusca, having a thin, glassy, bonnet-shaped shell, which covers only the nucleus and gills. \'d8Car`i*na"t\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., Fem. pl. fr. L. carinatus. See Carinate.] A grand division of birds, including all existing flying birds; -- So called from the carina or keel on the breastbone. { Car"i*nate (?), Car"i*na`ted (?) } a. [L. carinatus, fr. carina keel.] Shaped like the keel or prow of a ship; having a carina or keel; as, a carinate calyx or leaf; a carinate sternum (of a bird). Car"i*ole (?), n. [F. carriole, dim. fr. L. carrus. See Car, and Carryall.] (a) A small, light, open one-horse carriage. (b) A covered cart. (c) A kind of calash. See Carryall. Car"i*op"sis (?), n. See Caryopsis. Ca`ri*os"i*ty (?), n. (Med.) Caries. Ca"ri*ous (?), a. [L. cariosus, fr. caries dacay.] Affected with caries; decaying; as, a carious tooth. Cark (?), n. [OE. cark, fr. a dialectic form of F. charge; cf. W. carc anxiety, care, Arm karg charge, burden. See Charge, and cf. Cargo.] A noxious or corroding care; solicitude; worry. [Archaic.] His heavy head, devoid of careful cark. Spenser. Fling cark and care aside. Motherwell. Ereedom from the cares of money and the cark of fashion. R. D. Blackmore. <-- p. 219 --> Cark (?), v. i. To be careful, anxious, solicitous, or troubles in mind; to worry or grieve. [R.] Beau. & fl. Cark, v. t. To vex; to worry; to make by anxious care or worry. [R.] Nor can a man, independently . . . of God's blessing, care and cark himself one penny richer. South. Car"ka*net (?), n. A carcanet. Southey. Cark"ing (?), a. Distressing; worrying; perplexing; corroding; as, carking cares. Carl (?), n. [Icel, karl a male, a man; akin to AS. ceorl, OHG. charal, G. kerl fellow. See Churl.] [Written also carle.] 1. A rude, rustic man; a churl. The miller was a stout carl. Chaucer. 2. Large stalks of hemp which bear the seed; -- called also carl hemp. 3. pl. A kind of food. See citation, below. Caring or carl are gray steeped in water and fried the next day in butter or fat. They are eaten on the second Sunday before Easter, formerly called Carl Sunday. Robinson's Whitby Glossary (1875). Car"lin (?), n. [Dim., fr. carl male.] An old woman. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] { Car"line (?), Car"o*line (?) }, n. [F. carin; cf. It. carlino; -- so called from Carlo (Charles) VI. of Naples.] A silver coin once current in some parts of Italy, worth about seven cents. Simmonds. { Car"line (?), Car"ling (?) } n. [Cf. F. carlingur, Sp. Pg., & It. carlinga.] (Naut.) A short timber running lengthwise of a ship, from one transverse desk beam to another; also, one of the cross timbers that strengthen a hath; -- usually in pl. Car"line this`tle (?). [F. carline, It., Sp., & Pg., carline, Said to be so called from the Emperor Charlemagne, whose army is reputed to have used it as a remedy for pestilence.] (Bot.) A prickly plant of the genus Carlina (C. vulgaris), found in Europe and Asia. Car"lings (?), n. pl. Same as Carl, 3. Carling Sunday, a Sunday in Lent when carls are eaten. In some parts of England, Passion Sunday. See Carl, 4. Car"list (?), n. A parisan of Charles X. Of France, or of Dod Carlos of Spain. Car"lock (?), n. [F. carlock, fr. Russ. Karl\'a3k'.] A sort of Russian isinglass, made from the air bladder of the sturgeon, and used in clarifying wine. Car"lot (?), n. [From Carl.] A churl; a boor; a peasant or countryman. [Obs.] Shak. Car`lo*vin"gi*an (?), a. [F. Carlovingen.] Pertaining to, founded by, of descended from, Charlemagne; as, the Carlovingian race of kings. \'d8Car`ma`gnole" (?), n. [F.] 1. A popular or Red Rebublican song and dance, of the time of the first French Revolution. They danced and yelled the carmagnole. Compton Reade. 2. A bombastic report from the French armies. Car"man (?), n.; pl. Carmen ( A man whose employment is to drive, or to convey goods in, a car or car. { Car"mel*ite (?), Car"mel*in } a. Of or pertaining to the order of Carmelites. Car"mel*ite (?), n. 1. (Eccl. Hist.) A friar of a mendicant order (the Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel) established on Mount Carmel, in Syria, in the twelfth century; a White Friar. 2. A nun of the Order of Our lady of Mount Carmel. Car"mi*na`ted (?), a. Of, relating to, or mixed with, carmine; as, carminated lake. Tomlinson. Car*min"ative (?), a. [NL. carminativus (carminare to card hence to cleanse, fr. carmen a card for freeing wool or flax from the coarser parts, and from extraneous matter: cf. F. carminatif.] Expelling wind from the body; warning; antispasmodic. \'bdCarmenative hot seeds.\'b8 Dunglison. Car*min"a*tive, n. A substance, esp. an aromatic, which tends to expel wind from the alimentary canal, or to relieve colic, griping, or flatulence. Car"mine (?), n. [F. carmin (cf. Sp. carmin, It. carminio), contr. from LL. carmesinus purple color. See Crimson.] 1. A rich red or crimson color with a shade of purple. 2. A beautiful pigment, or a lake, of this color, prepared from cochineal, and used in miniature painting. 3. (Chem.) The essential coloring principle of cochineal, extracted as a purple-red amorphous mass. It is a glucoside and possesses acid properties; -- hence called also carminic acid. Carmine red (Chem.), a coloring matter obtained from carmine as a purple-red substance, and probably allied to the phthale\'8bns. Car*min"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or derived from, carmine. Carminic acid. Same as Carmine, 3. Car"mot (?), n. (Alchemy) The matter of which the philosopher's stone was believed to be composed. Car"nage (?), n. [F. carnage, LL. carnaticum tribute of animals, flesh of animals, fr. L. caro, carnis, flesh. See Carnal.] 1. Flesh of slain animals or men. A miltitude of dogs came to feast on the carnage. Macaulay. 2. Great destruction of life, as in battle; bloodshed; slaughter; massacre; murder; havoc. The more fearful carnage of the Bloody Circuit. Macaulay. Car"nal (?), a. [L. carnalis, fr. caro, carnis, flesh; akin to Gr. kravya; cf. F. charnel, Of. also carnel. Cf. Charnel.] 1. Of or pertaining to the body or is appetites; animal; fleshly; sensual; given to sensual indulgence; lustful; human or worldly as opposed to spiritual. For ye are yet carnal. 1 Car. iii. 3. Not sunk in carnal pleasure. Milton rnal desires after miracles. Trench. 2. Flesh-devouring; cruel; ravenous; bloody. [Obs.] This carnal cur Preys on the issue of his mother's body. Shak. Carnal knowledge, sexual intercourse; -- used especially of an unlawful act on the part of the man. Car"nal*ism (?), n. The state of being carnal; carnality; sensualism. [R.] Car"nal*ist (?), n. A sensualist. Burton. Car*nal"i*ty (?), n. [L. carnalitas.] The state of being carnal; fleshly lust, or the indulgence of lust; grossness of mind. Because of the carnality of their hearts. Tillotson. Car"nal*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carnalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Carnalizing.] To make carnal; to debase to carnality. A sensual and carnalized spirit. John Scott. Car"nal*lite (?), n. [G. carnallit, fr. Von Carnall, a Prussian.] (Min.) A hydrous chloride of potassium and magnesium, sometimes found associated with deposits of rock salt. Car"nal*ly (?), adv. According to the flesh, to the world, or to human nature; in a manner to gratify animal appetites and lusts; sensually. For to be carnally minded is death; but to be spiritually minded is life and peace. Rom. viii. 6. Car"nal-mind`ed (?), a. Worldly-minded. Car"nal-mind"ed*ness, n. Grossness of mind. Car"na*ry (?), n. [L. carnarium, fr. caro, carnis, flesh.] A vault or crypt in connection with a church, used as a repository for human bones disintered from their original burial places; a charnel house. Car*nas"si*al (?), a. [Cf. F. carnassier carnivorous, and L. caro, carnis, flesh.] (Anat.) Adapted to eating flesh. -- n. A carnassial tooth; especially, the last premolar in many carnivores. Car"nate (?), a. [L. carnatus fleshy.] Invested with, or embodied in, flesh. Car*na"tion (?), n. [F. carnation the flesh tints in a painting, It carnagione, fr. L. carnatio fleshiness, fr. caro, carnis, flesh. See Carnal.] 1. The natural color of flesh; rosy pink. Her complexion of the delicate carnation. Ld. Lytton. 2. pl. (Paint.) Those parts of a picture in which the human body or any part of it is represented in full color; the flesh tints. The flesh tints in painting are termed carnations. Fairholt. 3. (Bot.) A species of Dianthus (D. Caryophyllus) or pink, having very beautiful flowers of various colors, esp. white and usually a rich, spicy scent. Car*na"tioned (?), a. Having a flesh color. \'d8Car*nau"ba (?), n. (Bot.) The Brazilian wax palm. See Wax palm. Car*nel"ian (?), n. [For carnelian; influenced by L. carneus fleshy, of flesh, because of its flesh red color. See Cornellan.] (Min.) A variety of chalcedony, of a clear, deep red, flesh red, or reddish white color. It is moderately hard, capable of a good polish, and often used for seals. Car"ne*ous (?), a. [L. carneus, from caro, carnis, flesh.] Consisting of, or like, flesh; carnous; fleshy. \'bdCarneous fibers.\'b8 Ray. Car"ney (?), n. [Cf. L. carneus flesh.] (Far.) A disease of horses, on which the mouth is so furred that the afflicted animal can not eat. \'d8Car"ni*fex (?), n. [L., fr. caro, carnis, flesh + facere to make.] (Antiq.) The public executioner at Rome, who executed persons of the lowest rank; hence, an executioner or hangman. Car`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. carnification.] The act or process of turning to flesh, or to a substance resembling flesh. Car"ni*fy (?), v. i. [LL. carnificare, fr. L.o, carnis, flesh + facere to make: cf. F. carnifier.] To form flesh; to become like flesh. Sir M. Hale. Car"nin (?), n. [L. caro, canis , flesh.] (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance, found in extract of meat, and related to xanthin. Car"ni*val (?), n. [It. carnevale, prob. for older carnelevale, prop., the putting away of meat; fr. L. caro, carnis, flesh _ levare to take away, lift up, fr. levis light.] 1. A festival celebrated with merriment and revelry in Roman Gatholic countries during the week before Lent, esp. at Rome and Naples, during a few days (three to ten) before Lent, ending with Shrove Tuesday. The carnival at Venice is everywhere talked of. Addison. 2. Any merrymaking, feasting, or masquerading, especially when overstepping the bounds of decorum; a time of riotous excess. Tennyson. He saw the lean dogs beneath the wall Hold o'er the dead their carnival Byron. \'d8Car*niv"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. from L. carnivorus. See Carnivorous.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Mammallia including the lion, tiger, wolf bear, seal, etc. They are adapted by their structure to feed upon flesh, though some of them, as the bears, also eat vegetable food. The teeth are large and sharp, suitable for cutting flesh, and the jaws powerful. Car*niv`o*rac"i*ty (?), n. Greediness of appetite for flesh. [Sportive.] Pope. Car`ni*vore (?), n. [Cf. F. carnivore.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Carnivora. Car*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. carnivorus; caro, carnis, flesh + varare to devour.] Eating or feeding on flesh. The term is applied: (a) to animals which naturally seek flesh for food, as the tiger, dog, etc.; (b) to plants which are supposed to absorb animal food; (c) to substances which destroy animal tissue, as caustics. { Car*nose (?), Car"*nous } (?), a. [L. carnosus, fr. caro, carnis, flesh: cf. OF. carneux, F. charneux.] 1. Of a pertaining to flesh; fleshy. A distinct carnose muscle. Ray. 2. (Bot.) Of a fleshy consistence; -- applied to succulent leaves, stems, etc. Car*nos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. carnosit\'82.] 1. (Med.) A fleshy excrescence; esp. a small excrescence or fungous growth. Wiseman. 2. Fleshy substance or quality; fleshy covering. [Consciences] overgrown with so hard a carnosity. Spelman. The olives, indeed be very small there, and bigger than capers; yet commended they are for their carnosity. Holland. Car"ob (?), n. [Cf. F. caroube fruit of the carob tree, Sp. garrobo, al-garrobo, carob tree, fr. Ar. kharr\'d4b, Per. Kharn\'d4b. Cf. Clgaroba.] 1. (Bot.) An evergreen leguminous tree (Ceratania Siliqua) found in the countries bordering the Mediterranean; the St. John's bread; -- called also carob tree. 2. One of the long, sweet, succulent, pods of the carob tree, which are used as food for animals and sometimes eaten by man; -- called also St. John's bread, carob bean, and algaroba bean. Ca*roche" (?), n. [OF. carrache, F. carrose from It. carrocio, carrozza, fr. carro, L. carus. See Car.] A kind of pleasure carriage; a coach. [Obs.] To mount two-wheeled caroches. Butler. Ca*roched" (?), a. Placed in a caroche. [Obs.] Beggary rides caroched. Massenger. Car"oigne (?), n. [See Carrion.] Dead body; carrion. [Obs.] Chaucer. Car"ol (?), n. [OF. carole a kind of dance wherein many dance together, fr. caroler to dance; perh. from Celtic; cf. Armor. koroll, n., korolla, korolli, v., Ir. car music, turn, circular motion, also L. choraula a flute player, charus a dance, chorus, choir.] 1. A round dance. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A song of joy, exultation, or mirth; a lay. The costly feast, the carol, and the dance. Dryden It was the carol of a bird. Byron. 3. A song of praise of devotion; as, a Christmas or Easter carol. Heard a carol, mournful, holy. Tennyson. In the darkness sing your carol of high praise. Keble. 4. Joyful music, as of a song. I heard the bells on Christmans Day Their old, familiar carol play. Longfellow. Car"ol (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Caroled (?), or Carolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Caroling, or Carolling.] 1. To praise or celebrate in song. The Shepherds at their festivals Carol her goodness. Milton. 2. To sing, especially with joyful notes. Hovering awans . . . carol sounds harmonious. Prior. Car"ol, v. i. To sing; esp. to sing joyfully; to warble. And carol of love's high praise. Spenser. The gray linnets carol from the hill. Beattie. { Car"ol, Car"rol }, n. [OF. carole a sort of circular space, or carol.] (Arch.) A small closet or inclosure built against a window on the inner side, to sit in for study. The word was used as late as the 16th century. A bay window may thus be called a carol. Parker. Car"o*lin (?), n. [L. Carolus Charles.] A former gold coin of Germany worth nearly five dollars; also, a gold coin of Sweden worth nearly five dollars. Car`o*li"na pink` (?). (Bot.) See Pinkboot. Car"o*line (?), n. A coin. See Carline. Car"ol*ing (?), n. A song of joy or devotion; a singing, as of carols. Coleridge. Such heavenly notes and carolings. Spenser. Car`o*lin"i*an (?), n. A native or inhabitant of north or South Carolina. Car`o*lit"ic (?), a. (Arch.) Adorned with sculptured leaves and branches. Car"o*lus (?), n.; pl. E. Caroluses (#), L. Caroli (#). [L., Charles.] An English gold coin of the value of twenty or twenty-three shillings. It was first struck in the reign of Charles I. Told down the crowns and Caroluses. Macawlay. Car"om (?), n. [Prob. corrupted fr. F. carumboler to carom, carambolage a carom, carambole the red ball in billiards.] (Billiards) A shot in which the ball struck with the cue comes in contact with two or more balls on the table; a hitting of two or more balls with the player's ball. In England it is called cannon. Car"om, v. i. (Billiards) To make a carom. Car"o*mel (?), n. See Caramel. Car`o*teel" (?), n. (Com.) A tierce or cask for dried fruits, etc., usually about 700 lbs. Simmonds. Ca*rot"ic (?), a. [Gr. Carotid.] 1. Of or pertaining to stupor; as, a carotic state. 2. (Anat.) Carotid; as, the carotic arteries. Ca*rot"id (?), n. [Gr. carotide. The early Greeks believed that these arteries in some way caused drowsiness.] (Anat.) One of the two main arteries of the neck, by which blood is conveyed from the aorta to the head. [See Illust. of Aorta.] { Ca*rot"id (?), Ca*rot"id*al (?), } a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or near, the carotids or one of them; as, the carotid gland. Ca*ro"tin (?), n. (Chem.) A red crystallizable tasteless substance, extracted from the carrot. Ca*rous"al (?), n. [See Carouse, but also cf. F. carrousel tilt.] A jovial feast or festival; a drunken revel; a carouse. The swains were preparing for a carousal. Sterne. Syn. -- Banquet; revel; orgie; carouse. See Feast. <-- p. 220 --> Ca*rouse" (?), n. [F. carrousse, earlier carous, fr. G. garaus finishing stroke, the emptying of the cup in drinking a health; gar entirely + aus out. See Yare, and Out.] 1. A large draught of liguor. [Obs.] \'bdA full carouse of sack.\'b8 Sir J. Davies. Drink carouses to the next day's fate. Shak. 2. A drinking match; a carousal. The early feast and late carouse. Pope. Ca*rouse" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Caroused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Carousing.] To drink deeply or freely in compliment; to take in a carousal; to engage in drunken revels. He had been aboard, carousing to his mates. Shak. Ca*rouse" v. t. To drink up; to drain; to drink freely or jovially. [Archaic] Guests carouse the sparkling tears of the rich grape. Denham. Egypt's wanton queen, Carousing gems, herself dissolved in love. Young. Ca*rous"er (?), n. One who carouses; a reveler. Ca*rous"ing, a. That carouses; relating to a carouse. Ca*rous"ing*ly, adv. In the manner of a carouser. Carp (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Carped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Carping.] [OE. carpen to say, speak; from Scand. (cf. Icel. karpa to boast), but influenced later by L. carpere to pluck, calumniate.] 1. To talk; to speak; to prattle. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To find fault; to cavil; to censure words or actions without reason or ill-naturedly; -- usually followed by at. Carping and caviling at faults of manner. Blackw. Mag. And at my actions carp or catch. Herbert. Carp, v. t. 1. To say; to tell. [Obs.] 2. To find fault with; to censure. [Obs.] Dryden. Carp, n.; pl. Carp, formerly Carps. [Cf. Icel. karfi, Dan. karpe, Sw. karp, OHG. charpho, G. karpfen, F. carpe, LL. carpa.] (Zo\'94l.) A fresh-water herbivorous fish (Cyprinus carpio.). Several other species of Cyprinus, Catla, and Carassius are called carp. See Cruclan carp. carp was originally from Asia, whence it was early introduced into Europe, where it is extensively reared in artificial ponds. Within a few years it has been introduced into America, and widely distributed by the government. Domestication has produced several varieties, as the leather carp, which is nearly or quite destitute of scales, and the mirror carp, which has only a few large scales. Intermediate varieties occur. Carp louse (Zo\'94l.), a small crustacean, of the genus Argulus, parasitic on carp and allied fishes. See Branchiura. -- Carp mullet (Zo\'94l.), a fish (Moxostoma carpio) of the Ohio River and Great Lakes, allied to the suckers. -- Carp sucker (Zo\'94l.), a name given to several species of fresh-water fishes of the genus Carpiodes in the United States; -- called also quillback. Car"pal (?), a. [From Carpus.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the carpus, or wrist. -- n. One of the bones or cartilages of the carpus; a carpale. Carpal angle (Zo\'94l.), the angle at the last joint of the folded wing of a bird. \'d8Car*pa"le (?), n.; pl. Carpalia (#). [NL., fr. E. carpus.] (Anat.) One of the bones or cartilages of the carpus; esp. one of the series articulating with the metacarpals. Car*pa"thi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to a range of mountains in Austro-Hungary, called the Carpathians, which partially inclose Hungary on the north, east, and south. { Car"pel (?), \'d8Car*pel"lum (?), } n. [NL. carpellum, fr. Gr. (Bot.) A simple pistil or single-celled ovary or seed vessel, or one of the parts of a compound pistil, ovary, or seed vessel. See Illust of Carpaphore. Car"pel*la"ry (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to, forming, or containing carpels. Car"pen*ter (?), n. [OF. carpentier, F. charpentier, LL. carpentarius, fr. L. carpentum wagon, carriage.] An artificer who works in timber; a framer and builder of houses, ships, etc. Syn. -- Carpenter, Joiner. The carpenter frames and puts together roofs, partitions, floors, and other structural parts of a building. The joiner Supplies stairs, doors shutters, mantelpieces, cupboards, and other parts necessary to finishing the building. In America the two trades are commonly united. Carpenter ant (Zo\'94l.), any species of ant which gnaws galleries in the wood of trees and constructs its nests therein. They usually select dead or somewhat decayed wood. The common large American species is Formica Pennsylvanica. -- Carpenter bee (Zo\'94l.), a large hymenopterous insect of the genus Xylocopa; -- so called because it constructs its nest by gnawing long galleries in sound timber. The common American species is Xylocopa Virginica. Car"pen*ter*ing, n. The occupation or work of a carpenter; the act of workingin timber; carpentry. Car"pen*try (?), n. [F. charpenterie, OF. also carpenterie. See Carpenter.] 1. The art of cutting, framing, and joining timber, as in the construction of buildings. 2. An assemblage of pieces of timber connected by being framed together, as the pieces of a roof, floor, etc.; work done by a carpenter. Carp"er (?), n. One who carps; a caviler. Shak. Car"pet (?), n. [OF. carpite rug, soft of cloth, F. carpette coarse packing cloth, rug (cf. It. carpita rug, blanket), LL. carpeta, carpita, woolly cloths, fr. L. carpere to pluck, to card (wool); cf. Gr. Harvest.] 1. A heavy woven or felted fabric, usually of wool, but also of cotton, hemp, straw, etc.; esp. a floor covering made in breadths to be sewed together and nailed to the floor, as distinguished from a rug or mat; originally, also, a wrought cover for tables. Tables and beds covered with copes instead of carpets and coverlets. T. Fuller. 2. A smooth soft covering resembling or suggesting a carpet. \'bdThe grassy carpet of this plain.\'b8 Shak. Carpet beetle or Carpet bug (Zo\'94l.), a small beetle (Anthrenus scrophulari\'91), which, in the larval state, does great damage to carpets and other woolen goods; -- also called buffalo bug. -- Carpet knight. (a) A knight who enjoys ease and security, or luxury, and has not known the hardships of the field; a hero of the drawing room; an effeminate person. Shak. (b) One made a knight, for some other than military distinction or service. -- Carpet moth (Zo\'94l.), the larva of an insect which feeds on carpets and other woolen goods. There are several kinds. Some are the larv\'91 of species of Tinea (as T. tapetzella); others of beetles, esp. Anthrenus. -- Carpet snake (Zo\'94l.), an Australian snake. See Diamond snake, under Diamond. -- Carpet sweeper, an apparatus or device for sweeping carpets. -- To be on the carpet, to be under consideration; to be the subject of deliberation; to be in sight; -- an expression derived from the use of carpets as table cover. -- Brussels carpet. See under Brussels. Car"pet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Carpeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Carpeting.] To cover with, or as with, a carpet; to spread with carpets; to furnish with a carpet or carpets. Carpeted temples in fashionable squares. E. Everett. Car"pet*bag` (?), n. A portable bag for travelers; -- so called because originally made of carpet. Car"pet*bag"ger (?), n. An adventurer; -- a term of contempt for a Northern man seeking private gain or political advancement in the southern part of the United States after the Civil War (1865)<-- used now for any politician moving to a new location to take advantage of more favorable chances for election-->. [U. S.] Car"pet*ing, n. 1. The act of covering with carpets. 2. Cloth or materials for carpets; carpets, in general. The floor was covered with rich carpeting. Prescott. Car"pet*less, a. Without a carpet. Car"pet*mon`ger (?), n. 1. One who deals in carpets; a buyer and seller of carpets. 2. One fond of pleasure; a gallant. Shak. Car"pet*way` (?), n. (Agric.) A border of greensward left round the margin of a plowed field. Ray. Car*phol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. carphologie.] (Med.) See Flaccillation. Carp"ing (?), a. Fault-finding; censorious caviling. See Captious. -- Carp"ing*ly, adv.