The Project Gutenberg EBook of Cervantes e Portugal, by Carlos Barroso
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Title: Cervantes e Portugal
curiosidade litteraria
Author: Carlos Barroso
Release Date: August 23, 2007 [EBook #22378]
Language: Portuguese
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
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produced from images generously made available by National
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CERVANTES
E
PORTUGAL
CURIOSIDADE LITTERARIA
POR
CARLOS BARROSO
DEDICADA AO RESPEITAVEL
DR. E. W. THEBUSSËM
BARÃO DE THIRMENTH
LISBOA
ANNO 325 DO NASCIMENTO DO AUTOR DE D. QUIXOTE
CERVANTES E PORTUGAL
Los libros de
caballería son la protesta contra el
feudalismo, y Cervantes la gran estátua que corona
el renacimiento.
Emilio
Castelar.
Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra appellidado por seus compatriotas,
o Manco de Lepanto, por ter sido mutilado
n'aquelle
celebre combate naval, segundo consta de sua biographia
veio a Lisboa com Phelippe II em 1581 onde se namorou
de certa dama incognita e de quem teve uma filha,
cujo nome foi Isabel de Saavedra. Suppõe-se que seus amores
na côrte lusitana lhe inspiraram a linda novella pastoril
da Galatea, onde o autor figura
disfarçado no pegureiro
Lauso que suspira pela formosa pastora Silena. O escriptor
de tão bello idyllio assistiu á tomada das Ilhas
Terceiras
pelo marquez de Santa Cruz.
Começarei as minhas investigações pelo
prologo do famoso
poema critico D. Quijote.
Alli dedica Cervantes um merecido elogio ao famoso rio
Tejo que beija as praias da inclita cidade de Ulysses, e cujas
arêas consta da tradicção serem de
ouro.
Percorrendo esta obra digna de ser lida por todos os que
se prezam de verdadeiros litteratos, deparamos no capitulo
6.º da sua 1.ª parte, que entre os livros que
adornavam a
bibliotheca do engenhoso fidalgo, se encontraram além de
outros de autores portuguezes o Palmeirim de Inglaterra,
cuja composição se attribue a um discreto
rei
de Portugal,
e tambem a Diana de Jorge de Montemayor.
Quando o Heroe da Mancha exalta a imaginaria gerarquia
da senhora de seus pensamentos D. Dulcinea do Taboso,
afirma que não é oriunda de outras familias
celeberrimas de
Hespanha que menciona, nem mesmo dos Alencastros, Pallas
e Menezes de Portugal.
O pastor Lope Ruiz, com cuja historia entretem Sancho
Pança o seu temerario amo, ao fugir da ingrata Torralva,
detem-se nas margens do Guadiana antes de passar com seu
rebanho para Portugal.
O reino da princeza Micomicona era maior que Portugal
e Castella juntos.
Na 2.ª parte, suppõe o escudeiro de D. Quixote que
mais
de 12:000 exemplares da historia de seu valente patrão, se
achavam n'aquelle tempo impressos, e afirma como testemunhas
do que refere a Portugal, Barcelona e Valencia.
O rio Guadiana entra pomposo e grande
em Portugal.
Na profunda e tenebrosa cova de Montesinos promette o caballero de los leones
á sua phantastica
amante, andar
por
causa d'ella as sete partidas do mundo com mais pontualidade
que o infante D. Pedro de Portugal.
Para provar a verdade da existencia dos cavalheiros andantes,
diz o da Triste Figura ao conego de Toledo: «Si no
diganme tambien que no es verdad que fué caballero andante
el valiente lusitano Juan de Merlo, que fué á
Borgoña,
y se combatió en la ciudad de Ras con el famoso
señor
de Charny, llamado Mosen Enrique de Remestan, saliendo
de entrambas empresas vencedor y lleno de honrosa
fama.»
Era do excelentisimo Camões uma das
eclogas que haviam
de representar as pastoras em cujas redes se embaraçou
o pensativo escravo de Dulcinea.
Passando do primor de Cervantes á sua quasi rival Galatea,
lê-se que o pae da linda heroina das margens do aurifero
Tejo, intenta prendel-a com os laços de hymineo a um
pastor lusitano das ribeiras do deleitoso Lima. Que bellos
são os versos da apaixonada amante de Erastro quando ao
despedir-se do seu dourado rio, canta:
«¡Que
tengo de despedirme
De ver el Tajo dorado!
¡Que ha de quedar mi ganado,
Y yo triste he de partirme!»
É pena que
tão deslumbrante
producção ficasse por acabar
e que o leitor ignore se os zagaes do manso Henares
chegaram a rechassar o pastor estranho.
Passemos ás Novellas Exemplares.
Na da Hespanhola ingleza, Ricaredo depois de
separar-se
de Isabella, seguindo a derrota das Ilhas Terceiras, em que
sempre se encontravam navios portuguezes das Indias Orientaes,
approxima-se com effeito de um carregado de especiarias
e de tantas perolas e diamantes, que valiam mais de
um milhão de ouro, e levava trezentas pessoas, ao qual
abastece
de artilheria por tel-a alijado durante uma tespestade.
Quando Isabella parte para Hespanha, promette o capitão
do baixel á rainha de Inglaterra de aportar a Lisboa, Cadix
ou Sevilha.
No Licenciado Vidraça observa-se a
anecdota do portuguez
que pintava as barbas de negro, o qual altercando com
um castelhano disse-lhe: «por estas barbas que tenho no
rosto», a quem redarguiu o licenceado:
«não digaes tenho,
dizei tiño (palavra hespanhola que em
portuguez equivale a
tinjo).
Na Força do sangue, o arrebatador da
honra de Leocadia
afim que ella para o futuro o desconhecesse inteiramente,
ao deixal-a com os olhos vendados junto á egreja da
praça,
muda a voz e annuncia-lhe em lingua meio portugueza e
meio castelhana, que póde d'alli ir para casa de seus paes.
No Zelloso extremenho, diz Loaysa ao negro guarda
da jovem
esposa do velho Carrizales, que sabia cantigas capazes
de fazer pasmar até aos portuguezes.
A negra Guiomar era portugueza.
No Colloquio dos cães, Berganza
vitupera os que fallando
mal o latim introduzem sua ruim linguagem qual cobre dourado
nas conversações eruditas, como os portuguezes
fazem
com os pretos de Guiné.
Na Tia fingida, ha a seguinte phrase que acho
muito graciosa:
«á poco rato vieron venir una reverenda matrona,
con unas tocas blancas como la nieve, mas largas que sobrepelliz
de canónigo portugués.»
Ao descrever-se na mesma novella o caracter de todos os
povos da peninsula, tambem se menciona o dos portuguezes,
ainda que de um modo pouco lisongeiro.
É em Lisboa que o barbaro hespanhol embarca para Inglaterra.
Em lingua portugueza canta o namorado Manuel de Sousa
Coutinho seus amores por que morre depois de os relatar,
e cuja narração occupa todo o capitulo X do livro
I dos Trabalhos
de Persiles e Segismunda.
Na interessantissima parte 3.ª dos mesmos presenceamos
a chegada a Portugal e desembarque dos viajantes na praia
de Belem, d'onde se dirigem á famosa
Lisboa, cujos ricos
templos e hospitaes são celebrados. A seguinte passagem
merece ser lida em seu primitivo idioma: «aqui el amor y
la honestidad se dan las manos, y se pasean juntos; la
cortesía no deja que se le llegue la arrogancia, y la
braveza
no consiente que se le acerque la cobardía: todos sus
moradores son agradables, son corteses, son liberales y son
enamorados, porque son discretos: la ciudad es la mayor
de Europa y la de mayores tratos; en ella se descargan
las riquezas del Oriente y desde ella se reparten por el universo;
su puerto es capaz, no solo de naves que se puedan
reducir á número, sino de selvas movibles de
árboles
que los de las naves forman: la hermosura de las mujeres
admira y enamora, la bizarría de los hombres pasma,
como ellos dicen; finalmente, esta es la tierra que da al
cielo santo y copiosísimo tributo.»
Em S. Julião, que no original se vê escripto
Sangian, é
revistado o navio em que vinham os peregrinos. A formosura
de Auristela e a galhardia de Periandro são o alvo da
admiração do governador do castello e de seus
habitantes.
Não se esquecem os devotos peregrinos de visitar o historico
mosteiro de Santa Maria, e dirigindo-se depois por terra
á capital, constantemente acompanhados de plebeya
y
cortesana
gente encontram-se por acaso com um dos vinte fugitivos
da ilha selvagem, que tendo presenceado a morte do
desditoso Coutinho, volvera á patria, e dera conta do
successo
aos parentes do fallescido, que o accreditaram por tener
casi en costumbre el morir de amores los portugueses,
mandando depois d'esta noticia fabricar um tumulo de marmore
branco, e como se n'elle estivesse enterrado, applicou-lhe
seu irmão uma lapide na qual se lia a seguinte
inscripção
em portuguez, que traduzida do castelhano reza assim:
AQUI
JAZ VIVA A MEMORIA
DO JÁ MORTO
MANUEL DE SOUSA COUTINHO,
CAVALHEIRO PORTUGUEZ,
QUE SE NÃO FOSSE PORTUGUEZ AINDA VIVERA.
NÃO MORREU ÁS MÃOS
DE NENHUM CASTELHANO,
MAS SIM ÁS DO AMOR, QUE TUDO PÓCE;
PROCURA SABER SUA VIDA,
E INVEJARÁS SUA MORTE,
PASSAGEIRO.
O qual
lido por Periandro
confirmou que excede na
composição
de epitaphios a gente da nação portugueza.
O cavalleiro que entrega o menino recemnascido a Ricla,
diz-lhe que seus inimigos o perseguem, e que se por alli passarem
e lhe perguntarem por elle, diga-lhes que apenas tinha
visto tres ou quatro homens a cavallo que iam gritando
á Portugal, á Portugal.
Mais adiante conta o polaco as suas aventuras em Lisboa,
onde inopinadamente mata certo fidalgo, filho de uma senhora,
em cuja casa se refugia o assassino para subtrahir-se
á justiça; a mãe do assassinado sem
saber do caso, esconde-o
por detraz dos tapetes de sua mesma alcova, tem a generosidade
de não o entregar á justiça depois de
saber do
crime que o seu protegido havia commettido, e para não
faltar á hospitalidade perdôa-lhe, e
dá-lhe fuga pela porta
occulta de seu jardim.
Ao fallar Cervantes de Valencia e de suas lindas mulheres,
diz que é gracioso o dialecto valenciano, e que
só com
o idioma portuguez puede competir en ser dulce y agradable.
O sumptuoso palacio de Manases em que se hospedaram
os peregrinos em Roma achava-se situado junto ao arco de
Portugal.
Emfim, o retrato da bellissima Auristela feito em Lisboa
por um pintor portuguez, foi por outro pintor comprado em
França e d'alli transportado á Hespanha.
Na Viagem do Parnaso, canto IV, depois de
descrever o
autor a deidade que personifica a Poesia, e de dizer que o
Sul lhe brinda perolas, Sabea perfumes, o Tiber ouro, e Hibla
suavidade, continúa:
«Galas
Milan, y
lusitania amores.»
Mais adiante e no mesmo canto lê-se:
«Aquel
discreto
Juan de Basconcellos
Venia delante en un caballo bayo,
Dando á las musas lusitanas celos.
E pouco depois:
«Así
como las naves que cargadas
Llegan de la oriental India á Lisboa,
Que son por las mayores estimadas;
Esta llegó desde la popa á proa
Cubierta de poetas, mercancia
De quien hay saca en Calicut y en Goa.
E elogiando a alguns poetas diz no canto VII:
«De
la alta
cumbre del famoso Pindo
Bajaron tres bizarros lusitanos,
A quien mis álabanzas todas rindo
Con
prestos pies y con
valientes manos
Con
Fernando Correa de La
Cerda
Pisó Rodriguez Lobo monte y llanos.
Y
porque Febo su razon no
pierda,
El grande Don Antonio de Ataide
Llegó con furia alborotada y cuerda.
Em conclusão; nos seus onze entremezes só duas
cousas
se lêem referentes a Portugal, e ambas no da Guarda
cuidadosa,
em que apparece um vendedor ambulante que entre
outras cousas apregoa hilo portugués,
e varias scenas
depois
um soldado que menciona a grande peça de Diu existente
em Lisboa, não sei se no Arsenal do Exercito. São
estas
as suas palavras--«No habiéndome espantado ni
atemorizado
tiros maiores que el de Dio, que está en Lisboa.»
O que me faz collegir que o dicto militar presenciou o
memoravel cêrco.
É isto tudo o que li relativo a Portugal nas obras do
immortal
critico das Hespanhas, e que fielmente relato, rogando
aos que lerem este folheto me desculpem a má linguagem
em que o escrevi em
Lisboa,
aos 18 de
fevereiro de 1872.
NOTA
Referindo-se a Bento Caldera (portuguez) primeiro traductor
dos Lusiadas em castelhano, diz o sr. visconde de
Jurumenha na sua bella edição das obras do
immortal Luiz
de Camões, 1860, as seguintes palavras: «O celebre
Miguel
de Cervantes Saavedra fez menção da
traducção e traductor
n'estes versos na sua Galatea liv. VI, Canto
de Caliope.
Tu
que de luso el
singular tesoro
Irigiste en nueva forma á la ribera
Del fertil rio, á quien el lecho de oro
Tan famoso le hace adonde quiera;
Con el devido aplauso, y el decoro
Devido á ti, Benito de Caldera,
Y á tu ingenio sin par prometo honrarte,
Y de lauro, y de hiedra coronarte.
FINIS
CORONAT OPUS.
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