The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes And Queries,(Series 1, Vol. 1, Issue 1), Saturday, November 3, 1849., by Various
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Title: Notes And Queries,(Series 1, Vol. 2, Issue 1), Saturday, November 3, 1849.
Author: Various
Release Date: August, 2005 [EBook #8603] [Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] [This file was first posted on July 28, 2003]
Edition: 10
Language: English
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, SR. 1, ISSUE 1 ***
Produced by Internet Library of Early Journals, Jonathan Ingram, Charles Franks, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
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"When found, make a note of."—CAPTAIN CUTTLE
* * * * *
No. 1
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1849.
Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 6d.
* * * * *
The nature and design of the present work have been so fully stated in the Prospectus, and are indeed so far explained by its very Title, that it is unnecessary to occupy any great portion of its first number with details on the subject. We are under no temptation to fill its columns with an account of what we hope future numbers will be. Indeed, we would rather give a specimen than a description; and only regret that, from the wide range of subjects which it is intended to embrace, and the correspondence and contributions of various kinds which we are led to expect, even this can only be done gradually. A few words of introduction and explanation may, however, be allowed; and indeed, ought to be prefixed, that we may be understood by those readers who have not seen our Prospectus.
"WHEN FOUND, MAKE A NOTE OF," is a most admirable rule; and if the excellent Captain had never uttered another word, he might have passed for a profound philosopher. It is a rule which should shine in gilt letters on the gingerbread of youth, and the spectacle-case of age. Every man who reads with any view beyond mere pastime, knows the value of it. Every one, more or less, acts upon it. Every one regrets and suffers who neglects it. There is some trouble in it, to be sure; but in what good thing is there not? and what trouble does it save! Nay, what mischief! Half the lies that are current in the world owe their origin to a misplaced confidence in memory, rather than to intentional falsehood. We have never known more than one man who could deliberately and conscientiously say that his memory had never deceived him; and he (when he saw that he had excited the surprise of his hearers, especially those who knew how many years he had spent in the management of important commercial affairs) used to add,—because he had never trusted it; but had uniformly written down what he was anxious to remember.
But, on the other hand, it cannot be denied that reading and writing men, of moderate industry, who act on this rule for any considerable length of time, will accumulate a good deal of matter in various forms, shapes, and sizes—some more, some less legible and intelligible—some unposted in old pocket books—some on whole or half sheets, or mere scraps of paper, and backs of letters—some lost sight of and forgotten, stuffing out old portfolios, or getting smoky edges in bundles tied up with faded tape. There are, we are quite sure, countless boxes and drawers, and pigeon-holes of such things, which want looking over, and would well repay the trouble.
Nay, we are sure that the proprietors would find themselves much benefited even if we were to do nothing more than to induce them to look over their own collections. How much good might we have done (as well as got, for we do not pretend to speak quite disinterestedly), if we had had the looking over and methodizing of the chaos in which Mr. Oldbuck found himself just at the moment, so agonizing to an author, when he knows that the patience of his victim is oozing away, and fears it will be quite gone before he can lay his hand on the charm which is to fix him a hopeless listener:—"So saying, the Antiquary opened a drawer, and began rummaging among a quantity of miscellaneous papers ancient and modern. But it was the misfortune of this learned gentleman, as it may be that of many learned and unlearned, that he frequently experienced on such occasions, what Harlequin calls "l'embarras des richesses"—in other words, the abundance of his collection often prevented him from finding the article he sought for." We need not add that this unsuccessful search for Professor Mac Cribb's epistle, and the scroll of the Antiquary's answer, was the unfortunate turning-point on which the very existence of the documents depended, and that from that day to this nobody has seen them, or known where to look for them.
But we hope for more extensive and important benefits than these, from furnishing a medium by which much valuable information may become a sort of common property among those who can appreciate and use it. We do not anticipate any holding back by those whose "NOTES" are most worth having, or any want of "QUERIES" from those best able to answer them. Whatever may be the case in other things, it is certain that those who are best informed are generally the most ready to communicate knowledge and to confess ignorance, to feel the value of such a work as we are attempting, and to understand that if it is to be well done they must help to do it. Some cheap and frequent means for the interchange of thought is certainly wanted by those who are engaged in literature, art, and science, and we only hope to persuade the best men in all, that we offer them the best medium of communication with each other.
By this time, we hope, our readers are prepared to admit that our title (always one of the most difficult points of a book to settle), has not been imprudently or unwisely adopted. We wish to bring together the ideas and the wants, not merely of men engaged in the same lines of action or inquiry, but also (and very particularly) of those who are going different ways, and only meet at the crossings, where a helping hand is oftenest needed, and they would be happy to give one if they knew it was wanted. In this way we desire that our little book should take "NOTES," and be a medley of all that men are doing—that the Notes of the writer and the reader, whatever be the subject-matter of his studies, of the antiquary, and the artist, the man of science, the historian, the herald, and the genealogist, in short, Notes relating to all subjects but such as are, in popular discourse, termed either political or polemical, should meet in our columns in such juxta-position, as to give fair play to any natural attraction or repulsion between them, and so that if there are any hooks and eyes among them, they may catch each other.
Now, with all modesty, we submit, that for the title of such a work as we have in view, and have endeavoured to describe, no word could be so proper as "NOTES." Can any man, in his wildest dream of imagination, conceive of any thing that may not be—nay, that has not been—treated of in a note? Thousands of things there are, no doubt, which cannot be sublimed into poetry, or elevated into history, or treated of with dignity, in a stilted text of any kind, and which are, as it is called, "thrown" into notes; but, after all, they are much like children sent out of the stiff drawing-room into the nursery, snubbed to be sure by the act, but joyful in the freedom of banishment. We were going to say (but it might sound vainglorious), where do things read so well as in notes? but we will put the question in another form:—Where do you so well test an author's learning and knowledge of his subject?—where do you find the pith of his most elaborate researches?—where do his most original suggestions escape?—where do you meet with the details that fix your attention at the time and cling to your memory for ever?—where do both writer and reader luxuriate so much at their case, and feel that they are wisely discursive?—But if we pursue this idea, it will be scarcely possible to avoid something which might look like self-praise; and we content ourselves for the present with expressing our humble conviction that we are doing a service to writers and readers, by calling forth materials which they have themselves thought worth notice, but which, for want of elaboration, and the "little leisure" that has not yet come, are lying, and may lie for ever, unnoticed by others, and presenting them in an unadorned multum-in-parvo form. To our readers therefore who are seeking for Truth, we repeat "When found make a NOTE of!" and we must add, "till then make a QUERY."
* * * * *
20th October, 1849.
Mr. Editor,—Mr. Macaulay's account of the Battle of Sedgemoor is rendered singularly picturesque and understandable by the personal observation and local tradition which he has brought to bear upon it. Might not his account of the capture of Monmouth derive some few additional life-giving touches, from the same invaluable sources of information. It is extremely interesting, as every thing adorned by Mr. Macaulay's luminous style must necessarily be, but it lacks a little of that bright and living reality, which, in the account of Sedgemoor, and in many other parts of the book, are imparted by minute particularity and precise local knowledge. It runs as follows:—
"On Cranbourne Chase the strength of the horses failed. They were therefore turned loose. The bridles and saddles were concealed. Monmouth and his friends disguised themselves as country-men, and proceeded on foot towards the New Forest. They passed the night in the open air: but before morning they were surrounded on every side…. At five in the morning of the seventh, Grey was seized by two of Lumley's scouts…. It could hardly be doubted that the chief rebel was not far off. The pursuers redoubled their vigilance and activity. The cottages scattered over the healthy country on the boundaries of Dorsetshire and Hampshire were strictly examined by Lumley; and the clown with whom Monmouth had changed clothes was discovered. Portman came with a strong body of horse and foot to assist in the search. Attention was soon drawn to a place well suited to shelter fugitives. It was an extensive tract of land separated by an inclosure from the open country, and divided by numerous hedges into small fields. In some of these fields the rye, the pease, and the oats were high enough to conceal a man. Others were overgrown by fern and brambles. A poor woman reported that she had seen two strangers lurking in this covert. The near prospect of reward animated the zeal of the troops…. The outer fence was strictly guarded: the space within was examined with indefatigable diligence; and several dogs of quick scent were turned out among the bushes. The day closed before the search could be completed: but careful watch was kept all night. Thirty times the fugitives ventured to look through the outer hedge: but everywhere they found a sentinel on the alert: once they were seen and fired at: they then separated and concealed themselves in different hiding places.
"At sunrise the next morning the search recommenced, and Buyse was found. He owned that he had parted from the Duke only a few hours before. The corn and copsewood were now beaten with more care than ever. At length a gaunt figure was discovered hidden in a ditch. The pursuers sprang on their prey. Some of them were about to fire; but Portman forbade all violence. The prisoner's dress was that of a shepherd; his beard, prematurely grey, was of several days' growth. He trembled greatly, and was unable to speak. Even those who had often seen him were at first in doubt whether this were the brilliant and graceful Monmouth. His pockets were searched by Portman, and in them were found, among some raw pease gathered in the rage of hunger, a watch, a purse of gold, a small treatise on fortification, an album filled with songs, receipts, prayers, and charms, and the George with which, many years before, King Charles the Second had decorated his favourite son."—Hist. Eng., i. pp. 616-618. 2nd edition.
Now, this is all extremely admirable. It is a brilliant description of an important historical incident. But on what precise spot did it take place? One would like to endeavour to realise such an event at the very place where it occurred, and the historian should enable us to do so. I believe the spot is very well known, and that the traditions of the neighbourhood upon the subject are still vivid. It was near Woodyate's Inn, a well-known roadside inn, a few miles from Salisbury, on the road to Blandford, that the Duke and his companions turned adrift their horses. From thence they crossed the country in almost a due southerly direction. The tract of land in which the Duke took refuge is rightly described by Mr. Macaulay, as "separated by an inclosure from the open country." Its nature is no less clearly indicated by its local name of "The Island." The open down which surrounds it is called Shag's Heath. The Island is described as being about a mile and a half from Woodlands, and in the parish of Horton, in Dorsetshire. The field in which the Duke concealed himself is still called "Monmouth Close." It is at the north-eastern extremity of the Island. An ash-tree at the foot of which the would-be-king was found crouching in a ditch and half hid under the fern, was standing a few years ago, and was deeply indented with the carved initials of crowds of persons who has been to visit it. Mr. Macaulay has mentioned that the fields were covered—it was the eighth of July—with standing crops of rye, pease, and oats. In one of them, a field of pease, tradition tells us that the Duke dropped a gold snuff-box. It was picked up some time afterwards by a labourer, who carried it to Mrs. Uvedale of Horton, probably the proprietress of the field, and received in reward fifteen pounds, which was said to be half its value. On his capture, the Duke was first taken to the house of Anthony Etterick, Esq., a magistrate who resided at Holt, which adjoins Horton. Tradition, which records the popular feeling rather than the fact, reports, that the poor woman who informed the pursuers that she had seen two strangers lurking in the Island—her name was Amy Farrant—never prospered afterwards; and that Henry Parkin, the soldier, who, spying the skirt of the smock-frock which the Duke had assumed as a disguise, recalled the searching party just as they were leaving the Island, burst into tears and reproached himself bitterly for his fatal discovery.
It is a defect in the Ordnance Survey, that neither the Island nor
Monmouth Close is indicated upon it by name.
I know not, Mr. Editor, whether these particulars are of the kind which you design to print as "NOTES." If they are so, and you give them place in your miscellany, be good enough to add a "QUERY" addressed to your Dorsetshire correspondents, as to whether the ash-tree is now standing, and what is the actual condition of the spot at the present time. The facts I have stated are partly derived from the book known as Addison's Anecdotes, vol. iv., p. 12. 1794, 8vo. They have been used, more or less, by the late Rev. P. Hall, in his Account of Ringwood, and by Mr. Roberts, in his Life of Monmouth.
With the best of good wishes for the success of your most useful periodical,
Believe me, Mr. Editor,
Yours very truly,
* * * * *
In "The Life of Shakespeare," prefixed to the edition of his Works I saw through the press three of four years ago, I necessarily entered into the deer-stealing question, admitting that I could not, as some had done, "entirely discredit the story," and following it up by proof (in opposition to the assertion of Malone), that Sir Thomas Lucy had deer, which Shakespeare might have been concerned in stealing. I also, in the same place (vol. i. p. xcv.), showed, from several authorities, how common and how venial offence it was considered in the middle of the reign of Elizabeth. Looking over some MSS. of that time, a few weeks since, I met with a very singular and confirmatory piece of evidence, establishing that in the year 1585, the precise period when our great dramatist is supposed to have made free with the deer of the knight of Charlcote, nearly all the cooks'-shops and ordinaries of London were supplied with stolen venison. The following letter from the lord mayor (which I copy from the original) of that day, Thomas Pullyson, to secretary Walsingham, speaks for itself, and shows that the matter has been deemed of so much important as to call for the interposition of the Privy Council: the city authorities were required to take instant and arbitrary measures for putting an end to the consumption of venison and to the practice of deer-stealing, by means of which houses &c. of public resort in London were furnished with that favourite viand. The letter of the lord mayor was a speedy reply to a communication from the queen's ministers on the subject:—
"Right honorable, where yesterday I receaved letters from her Ma'tes most honorable privie councill, advertisinge me that her highnes was enformed that Venison ys as ordinarilie sould by the Cookes of London as other flesh, to the greate distruction of the game. Commaundinge me thereby to take severall bondes of xl'li the peece of all the Cookes in London not to buye or sell any venison hereafter, uppon payne of forfayture of the same bondes; neyther to receave any venison to bake without keepinge a note of theire names that shall deliver the same unto them. Whereupon presentlie I called the Wardens of the Cookes before me, advertisinge them hereof, requiringe them to cause their whole company to appeare before me, to thende I might take bondes accordinge to a condition hereinclosed sent to your Ho.; whoe answered that touchinge the first clause thereof they were well pleased therewith, but for the latter clause they thought yt a greate inconvenience to their companie, and therefore required they might be permitted to make theire answeres, and alledge theire reasons therof before theire honors. Affirmed alsoe, that the Tablinge howses and Tavernes are greater receyvors and destroyers of stollen venison than all the rest of the Cittie: whereupon they craved that eyther they maye be likewise bounden, or else authoritie may be geven to the Cookes to searche for the same hereafter. I have therefore taken bondes of the wardens for their speedy appearance before theire honors to answere the same; and I am bolde to pray your Ho. to impart the same unto their Ho., and that I maye with speede receyve theire future direction herein. And soe I humbly take my leave. London, the xj'th of June, 1585.
"Your honors to commaunde,
"THOMAS PULLYSON, maior."
I dare say that the registers of the Privy Council contain some record of what was done on the occasion, and would enable us to decide whether the very reasonable request of the Cooks of London had been complied with. Whether this be or be not so, the above document establishes beyond question that in the summer of 1585 cooks'-shops, tabling-houses (i.e. ordinaries), and taverns, were abundantly supplied with stolen venison, and that the offence of stealing must have been very common.
Kensington, Oct. 26, 1849
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When the great popularity which the legends of the Saints formerly enjoyed is considered it becomes matter of surprise that they should not have been more frequently consulted for illustrations of our folk-lore and popular observances. The Edinburgh Reviewer of Mrs. Jameson's Sacred and Legendary Art has, with great judgement, extracted from that work a legend, in which, as he shows very clearly[A], we have the real, although hitherto unnoticed, origin of the Three Balls which still form the recognised sign of a Pawnbroker. The passage is so curious, that it should be transferred entire to the "NOTES AND QUERIES."
[A] Edinburgh Review, vol. lxxxix. p.400.
"None of the many diligent investigators of our popular antiquities have yet traced home the three golden balls of our pawnbrokers to the emblem of St. Nicholas. They have been properly enough referred to the Lombard merchants, who were the first to open loan-shops in England for the relief of temporary distress. But the Lombards had merely assumed an emblem which had been appropriated to St. Nicholas, as their charitable predecessor in that very line of business. The following is the legend: and it is too prettily told to be omitted:—
"'Now in that city (Panthera) there dwelt a certain nobleman, who had three daughters, and, from being rich, he became poor; so poor that there remained no means of obtaining food for his daughters but by sacrificing them to an infamous life; and oftentimes it came into his mind to tell them so, but shame and sorrow held him dumb. Meanwhile the maidens wept continually, not knowing what to do, and not having bread to eat; and their father became more and more desperate. When Nicholas heard of this, he thought it shame that such a thing should happen in a Christian land; therefore one night, when the maidens were asleep, and their father alone sat watching and weeping, he took a handful of gold, and, tying it up in a handkerchief, he repaired to the dwelling of the poor man. He considered how he might bestow it without making himself known; and, while he stood irresolute, the moon coming from behind a cloud showed him a window open; so he threw it in, and it fell at the feet of the father, who, when he found it, returned thanks, and with it he portioned his eldest daughter. A second time Nicholas provided a similar sum, and again he threw it in by night; and with it the nobleman married his second daughter. But he greatly desired to know who it was that came to his aid; therefore he determined to watch: and when the good Saint came for the third time, and prepared to throw in the third portion, he was discovered, for the nobleman seized him by the skirt of his robe, and flung himself at his feet, saying, "O Nicholas! servant of God! why seek to hid thyself?" and he kissed his feet and his hands. But Nicholas made him promise that he would tell no man. And many other charitable works did Nicholas perform in his native city.'
"These three purses of gold, or, as they are more customarily figured, these three golden balls, disposed in exact pawnbroker fashion, are to this day the recognised special emblem of the charitable St. Nicholas."
And now for the more immediate object of the present Note, which is to show—what, when once pointed out, will, I think, readily be admitted, namely, that in the grotto formed of oyster shells, and lighted with a votive candle, to which on old St. James's day (5th August) the passer by is earnestly entreated to contribute by cries of, "Pray remember the Grotto!" we have a memorial of the world-renowned shrine of St. James at Compostella.
The popularity which St. James formerly enjoyed in England, and the zeal with which his shrine was visited by natives of this country, have recently been so clearly shown by Mr. J.G. Nichols, in his interesting little volume, Pilgrimages to St. Mary of Walsingham and St. Thomas of Canterbury, that I need not here insist upon these points.
What the original object of making these grottoes may have been I can only suggest: but I shall not be surprised if it should turn out that they were formerly erected on the anniversary of St. James by poor persons, as an invitation to the pious who could not visit Compostella, to show their reverence for the Saint by almsgiving to their needy brethren.
Oysters are only allowed to be sold in London (which city, by the by, levied a tax of two pence on every person going and returning by the river Thames on pilgrimage to the shrine of St. James), after St. James's day. Why is this? I wish Mr. Wansey, who is an able antiquary, and one authorised to look into the records of Fishmongers' Company, would give us the information upon this point which these documents may be expected to furnish.
P.S.—I should be glad if any of the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" could explain to that Erasmus alludes, when he says, "Culmeis ornatus torquibus, brachium habet ova serpentum," which L'Estrange translated, "Straw-works,—snakes, eggs for bracelets;" and Mr. Nichols, who honestly states that he is unable to explain the allusion, as he does not find such emblems elsewhere mentioned,—"adorned with straw necklaces and bracelets of serpents' eggs."
* * * * *
Amongst the objects of the useful medium of literary communication afforded by the publication of "NOTES AND QUERIES," one appears to be a record of the casual notice of "some book or some edition, hitherto unknown or imperfectly described." I am induced therefore to inquire, whether the existence of an ancient MS. volume of Chronicles, which I have recently noticed in the little library adjoining Reigate Church, is already known to those who investigate out monastic annals? This volume may probably not have escaped their research, especially since the republication and extension of Wharton's Collection, have been recently proposed. A chronological series of chronicles relativing to the see of Canterbury was announced amongst the projected publications of the "Anglia Christiana Society."
The Reigate library, of which brief mention is made in Manning's and Bray's History of Surrey (vol. i. p. 314.) without any notice of its contents, is preserved in the upper chamber of a building on the north side of the chancel, erected in 1513, and designated as a "vestibulum" in a contemporary inscription. The collection is small, and amoungst the most interesting volumes is a small folio, in the original oaken boards covered with white leather, presented to the library, 7. June, 1701, by William Jordan, of Gatwick, in the adjacent parish of Charlwood, probably the same person who was member for the borough of Reigate in 1717. Of previous possessors of the book nothing is recorded. It comprises several concise chronicles, which may be thus described:—
1. "Cathologus Romanorum Pontificum:"—imperfect, commencing with fol. 11; some leaves also lost at the end. It closes with the year 1359, in the times of Innocent VI.
2. "De Imperatoribus Romanis:"—from Julius Cæsar to the election and coronation of Charles IV. after the death of the emperor Lewis of Bavaria, and the battle of Cressy, in 1347.
3. "Compilacio Cronicorum de diversis Archiepiscopis ecclesie Cantuariensis:"—the chronicle of Stephen Birchington, a monk of Canterbury, printed by Wharton, from a MS. in the Lambeth collection. The text varies in many particulars, which may be of minor moment, but deserve collation. The writing varies towards the close, as if the annals had been continued at intervals; and they close with the succession of Archibishop William de Witleseye, in 1368, as in the text printed by Wharton (Anglia Sacra, vol. i. pp. 1-48.).
4. "De principio mundi, et etatibus ejusdem.—De insulis et civitatibus Anglie:"—forming a sort of brief preface to the following—"Hic incipit Bruto de gestis Anglorum." The narrative begins with a tale of a certain giant king of Greece, in the year 3009, who had thirty daughters: the eldest, Albina, gave her name to Albion. The history is continued to the accession of William Rufus.
5. "Incipit Cronica de adquisicione Regni Anglie per Willelmum Ducem Normannorum," &c. closing in 1364, with the birth of Edward of Engolesme, eldest son of the Black Prince. Wharton speaks of "Historiæ de regibus Anglorum, de Pontificibus Romanis, et de Imperatoribus Romanis," as found together with the chronicle of the archibishops of Canterbury; both in the Lambeth MS. and in another formerly in the possession of William Reede, Bishop of Chichester: and he was inclined to attribute the whole to the pen of Birchington.
6. "Gesta Scotorum contra Anglicos:"—commencing in 1066, with the times of Malcolm, king of Scotland, and ending in 1346, with the capture of David II., and the calamitous defeat of the Scots near Durham.
At the commencement of the volume are found some miscellaneous writings of less interesting character. I noticed, however, an entry relating to the foundation of a chapel at "Ocolte," now written Knockholt, in Kent, by Ralph Scot, who had erected a mansion remote from the parish church, and obtained license for the consecration of the chapel in the year 1281, in the time of Archbishop Kilwareby.
The writing of the MS. appears to be of the latter half of the fourteenth century. Possibly there may be reader of these "NOTES AND QUERIES," more familiar with such inquiries than myself, who may have examined other contemporary MSS. of the compilations of Stephen Birchington. I shall be thankful for any information regarding them, and especially as regards the existence of any transcript of the Canterbury Annals, extended beyond the year 1368, with which this copy as well as that used by Wharton closes; whilst he supposes that in the chronicle as cited by Jocelin, chaplain to Matthew Parker, they had been carried as far as the year 1382.
* * * * *
It is read in the Newspaper Directory that The Morning Chronicle was established in 1770, The Morning Herald in 1781, The Times, 1st January, 1788. I believe that not one of these dates is correct, and that of The Morning Herald to be wrong by fifteen years or more. Can you, or any of the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES," give me the exact dates, or tell me where I can find the earlier volumes; say, the first ten, or either or all?
* * * * *
[The suggestions in the following Paper are so extremely valuable, that we are not only pleased to give it insertion, but hope that our readers will take advantage of our columns to carry out Dr. Maitland's recommendations.]
Sir,—My attention has been particularly engaged by one suggestion in your Prospectus, because it seems to hold out a hope that your intended work will furnish what has long been a desideratum in literature. We really do want something that may form a "supplement to works already in existence—a treasury for enriching future editions of them;" while it may also receive (as I have no doubt you meant to include,) such contributions of moderate extent, as may tend to render fuller and more correct some works which have little or no chance of future editions. In this way you may be of great use in every department of literature; and especially in works of reference. With them, indeed, correctness is everything; perfect accuracy is not to be attained, and the nearest possible approximation to it can be made only by many little careful steps, backwards as well as forwards.
By works of reference, however, I do not mean Dictionaries, though I would include them, as a class of works for which I have a singular respect, and to which my remark particularly applies. There are many other books, and some which very properly aspire to the tile of History, which are, in fact and practically, books of reference, and of little value if they have not the completeness and accuracy which should characterise that class of works. Now it frequently happens to people whose reading is at all discursive, that they incidentally fall upon small matters of correction or criticism, which are of little value to themselves, but would be very useful to those who are otherwise engaged, if they knew of their existence.
I might perhaps illustrate this matter by referring to various works; but it happens to be more in my way to mention Herbert's edition of Ames's Typographical Antiquities. It may be hoped that some day or other, the valuable matter of which it consists will be reduced to a better form and method; for it seems hardly too much to say, that he appears to have adopted the very worst that could have been selected. I need not tell you that I have no idea of undertaking such a thing, and I really have no suspicion (I wish I had) that anybody else is thinking of doing it:—or, in other words, I am not attempting to make use of your columns by insinuating a preparatory puff for a work in progress, or even in contemplation. I only mention the book as one of a class which may be essentially benefited by your offering a receptacle for illustrations, additions, and corrections, such as individually, or in small collections, are of little or no value, and are frequently almost in the very opposite condition to those things which are of no value to any body but the owner. For instance, when I was in the habit of seeing many of the books noted by Herbert, and had his volumes lying beside me, I made hundreds, perhaps thousands, of petty corrections, and many from books which he had not had an opportunity of seeing, and of which he could only reprint incorrect descriptions. All of these, though trifling in themselves, are things which should be noticed in case of a reprint; but how much time and trouble would it cost an editor to find and collate the necessary books? That, to be sure, is his business; but the question for the public is, Would it be done at all? and could it in such cases be done so well in any other way, as by appointing some place of rendezvous for the casual and incidental materials for improvement which may fall in the way of readers pursuing different lines of inquiry, and rewarded, as men in pursuit of truth always are, whatever may be their success as to their immediate object, by finding more than they are looking for—things, too, which when they get into their right places, show that they were worth finding—and, perhaps, unknown to those more conversant with the subject to which they belong, just because they were in the out-of-the-way place where they were found by somebody who was looking for something else.
* * * * *
T.B.M. will be obliged by references to any early instances of the use of the expression "A Flemish account," and of any explanation as to its origin and primary signification.
* * * * *
Of the various sections into which the history of English literature is divisible, there is no one in which the absence of collective materials is more seriously felt—no one in which we are more in need of authentic notes, or which is more apt to raise perplexing queries—than that which relates to the authorship of anonymous and pseudonymous works.
The importance of the inquiry is not inferior to the ardour with which it has sometimes been pursued, or the curiosity which it has excited. On all questions of testimony, whether historical or scientific, it is a consideration of the position and character of the writer which chiefly enables us to decide on the credibility of his statements, to account for the bias of his opinions, and to estimate his entire evidence at its just value. The remark also applies, in a qualified sense, to productions of an imaginative nature.
On the number of the works of this class, I can only hazard a conjecture. In French literature, it amounts to about one-third part of the whole mass. In English literature, it cannot be less than one-sixth part—perhaps more. Be it as it may, the SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT of all that has been revealed in that way, and of all that is dicoverable, is essential to the perfection of literary history, of literary biography, and of bibliography.
At the present moment, I can only announce the project as a stimulus to unemployed aspirants, and as a hint to fortunate collectors, to prepare for an exhibition of their cryptic treasures.—On a future occasion I shall describe the plan of construction which seems more eligible—shall briefly notice the scattered materials which it may be expedient to consult, whether in public depositories, or in private hands—and shall make an appeal to those whose assistance may be required, to enable a competent editor to carry out the plan with credit and success.
On the prevalence of anonymous writing, on its occasional convenience, and on its pernicious consequences, I shall make no remarks. Facts, rather than arguments, should be the staple commodity of an instructive miscellany.
Barnes Terrace, Surrey,
29th Oct., 1849.
* * * * *
Many scholars and reading-men are in the habit of noting down on the fly-leaves of their books memoranda, sometimes critical, sometimes bibliographical, the result of their own knowledge or research. The following are specimens of the kind of Notes to which we allude; and the possessors of volumes enriched by the Notes and memoranda of men of learning to whom they formerly belonged, will render us and our readers a most acceptable service by forwarding to us copies of them for insertion.
Douce on John of Salisbury. MS. Note in a copy of Policraticus, Lug. Bat. 1639.
"This extraordinary man flourished in the reign of Henry II., and was, therefore, of Old Salisbury, not of New Salisbury, which was not founded till the reign of Henry III. Having had the best education of the time, and being not only a genius, but intimate with the most eminent men, in particular with Pope Hadrian (who was himself an Englishman), he became at length a bishop, and died in 1182. He had perused and studies most of the Latin classics, and appears to have decorated every part of his work with splendid fragments extracted out of them."—Harris's Philosophical Arrangements, p. 457.
See more relating to John of Salisbury in Fabricii, Bib. Med. Ætatis, iv. 380.; in Tanner, Biblioth. Britannico Hibernica; in Baillet's Jugemens des Savans, ii. 204. See Senebier, Catalogue des Manuscrits de Genève, p. 226.
"Johannes Sarisb. multa ex Apuleio desumpsit," Almclooven, Plagiaror.
Syllab. 36.; and it might have been justly added, that he borrowed from
Petronius. See the references I have made on the last leaf.
Janus Dousa, in his Notes on Petronius, had called John of Salisbury
"Cornicula;" but Thomasius, in p. 240 of his work, De Plagio
Literario, vindicates him satisfactorily. See Lipp. ad. Tacit. Annal
XII. (pezzi di porpora), not noticed by any editor of Petronius. Has
various readings. See my old edition.
Lacrimas commodabat.
—— commendabat. Saris. better.
Itaque cruciarii unius parentes
—— cruciati —— ——. Saris.
The above is from Zanetti's Collection of Ialian Novels, 4 vol. 8vo.
Venet. 1754.
Mezeray, the French historian, translated this work 1640, 4to; and there is an old French translation of it in 1360 by Denis Soulechat.
The article pasted on the inside of the cover (viz. the following
extract)
"Surisberiensis (J.) Policraticus, &c., 8vo. L. Bat. 1595; very
scarce, vellum 6s. This book is of great curiosity; it is stated in
the preface that the author, J. of Salibury, was present at the
murther of Thomas à Becket, whose intimate friend he was; and that
'dum pius Thomas ab impio milite cedetur in capite, Johannis hujus
brachium fere simul percisum est,'"
is from Lilly's Catalogue, and the passage relating to Becket was copied
from that of Payne, to whom I communicated it, and which is found in the
first edition only, being perhaps purposely omitted in all the others.
[We believe the majority of the books in Mr. Douce's valuable library, now deposited in the Bodleian, contain memoranda, like those in his John of Salisbury; and any of our Oxford friends could not do us a greater service than by communicating other specimens of the Book-noting of this able and zealous antiquary.]
* * * * *
Mr. Editor,—In or about 1756, an ancient manuscript in folio, on vellum, was deposited in the British Museum by Dr. Secker, then Bishop of Oxford, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, and still, I take for granted, remains in that institution. It was intitled upon the cover, Liber Sententiarum; but contained the Acts and Decisions of the Inquisition of Thoulouse, from the year 1307 to 1323. It had been purchased by the contributions of the Archbishops of Canterbury and York, of the Bishop of Oxford himself, and of various other prelates, the lord Chancellor, the Speaker of the House of Commons of that time, the Viscount Royston, &c.
Can any of your readers inform me whether any or what portions of this manuscript have been hitherto communicated to the world, either in the way of publication or translation, or of abridgment, in whole or in part? An analysis of this manuscript would be interesting to many readers of ecclesiastical history.
* * * * *
The following extracts, from "The Declaration of the Accompte of Nicholas Pay, gentleman, appoynted by warraunte of the righte honorable the lordes of the kinges ma'ts Privie Councell, to receave and yssue sondrye somes of money for the provycon of dyett and other chardges of the ladye Arbella Seymour, whoe by his hignes comaundemente and pleasure shoulde haue bene remoued into the countye Palatyne of Duresme, under the chardge of the Reverende Father in God Will'm lorde Bishpp of Duresme; but after was stayed and appointed to remayne at Eastbarnett duringe his hignes good pleasure," are new to the history of this unfortunate lady. The account includes all sums of money "receaved and yssued ffrom the xiiij'th daye of Marche 1610, untill the vij'th daye of June 1611," and the account itself (as preserved in the Audit Office) "was taken and declared before the right honorable Roberte Earle of Salisbury, Lord Highe Threas of Englande and S'r Julius Cæsar, Knighte, Chancellor and Under-Threas of Th'exchequer the xij'th of Ffebruary 1611" [1611/12]. The extracts throw some fresh light on her movements on her road from London to Durham. At East Barnet, it is well known, she eluded the vigilance of her keepers, and threw the king and council into the utmost consternation.
"Allowed for money payde for Dyett, lodginge and other necessarie chardges and expences of the said ladye Arbella Seymour and suche p'sons as were appointed to attende her in her journey into the countie Palatyne of Duresme: as hereafter followeth.
"At Highgate for sixe days begonne the xv'th daye of Marche 1610 and ended the xxj'st of the same month, on w'ch day her ladishipp removed to Barnet—xviij'li. v'i. iij'd.
"At Barnett for xj'th dayes begonne the xxj'st of March 1610 and
ended the first of Aprill 1611, beinge that daye removed to
Estbarnett—lxxj'li. v'i. viij'd.
"Chardges of the Stable for the xvij'en dayes
abovemenconed—xxxviij'li. x'i. ix'd.
"Lodginge of some of the retinewe of the lady Arbella and the said lorde Bishopp, and for other necessaries duringe the xvij'en days aforesaid—xij'li. xix'i.
"Ryding and postinge chardges—viz. for posthorses from Lambeth to Highgate and from thence to Barnett. To Mr. Beeston and others for their chardges three severall tymes to Barnett from London and from Highgate. To the servauntes of the lord bishp of Duresme sente at severall tymes to the lordes of the Councell and for other businesses concerninge this service; and to Sir James Crofte, Knight, for the chardges of himselfe, his men, and horses attendinge at London in this service—ix'li. xviij's. vj'd.
"Rewardes to sondryre p'rsons, viz. to messengers sent from the Courte during the staye of the Lorde Bishopp at Highgate and Barnett. To diuerse p'rsons who tooke paynes at Highgate and Barnett. Geven in the Inne for glasses broken, and in rewardes to the meanar servauntes at Barnett, xxx's. &c. In all the some of xij'li. ix's. vj'd.
"Also allowed to the sayde Accomptaunte for money by his owne handes yssued and payde in this service from the time of her ladishipps removinge from the Inne in Barnett to the house of Thomas Conyers Esquir in Estbarnett, as hereafter is menconed:
"Expences of dyett for the lady Arbella her servauntes and others appointed to attende her at Estbarnett by the space of lxviij dayes begonne the first of April 1611, and ended the vij'th of June following at cix's. iij'd. p'r diem—ccclxxj'li. xj's. v'd.
"Chardges of the Stable, viz.—for three lytter horses, one sumpter horse, and fyve coche horses for xxvj dayes at ij's. the horse by daye and night. For the Stable at Estbarnett for lxviij dayes begonne the first of Aprill 1611 and ended the vij'th of June followinge: and for hyer of a coche of Thomas Webster employed in this service by the space of xxiij dyes at xx's. per diem—lxxvij'li. vj's. ix'd.
"Boardwages of Cochemen, Lyttermen and Sumpter-man and their men at viij's. and iij's. iij'd. and iij's. each per diem—l'li. x's.
"Enterteynement to sondrye p'rsons appointed to attende the said lady Arbella Seymour. To Nicholas Pay the accomptaunte xxxv'li. x's. To William Lewen for his attendaunce in the office of caterer of poultrye at iiij's. per diem to himselfe and his horse. To Richarde Mathewe for his attendance in the butterye and pantrye at iij's. per diem for himselfe and his horse. To Thomas Mylles for his attendaunce in the larder and kitchen at iij's. per diem for himselfe and his horse—lxvj'li. ij's.
"To rydinge and posting-chardges, viz. of Henry Mynors at severall tymes from Barnett to Whitehall and backe againe for dyreccons in this service from the lordes of the privie Councell xxxv's. and for post-horses to carye the ladye Arbella Seymour her servauntes from Barnett to London xvij's. For the hier of horses at severall tymes for S'r James Crofte betweene Barnett and London in attendinge the lordes of the Councell in this service xl's.—iiij'li. xij's.
"For caryadges for removing the ladie Arbella and her companie from Lambeth to Highgate and from thence to Barnet, &c.—lxxviij'li. xv's.
"In rewardes to sondrye p'rsons, viz. to the servauntes in Mr.
Conyers house and laborers to make clean the house,
&c.—iiij'li. xv's.
"To Mathias Melwarde one of the Princes chaplaynes for his paynes in
attending the ladye Arbella Seymour to preache and reade prayers
duringe her aboade at Estbarnett—v'li.
"Houserent paid to Thomas Conyers Equier, for the rent of his house
in Estbarnett for the lady Arbella Seymour and her companie for x'en
weekes at xx's. the week—x'li.
"Payde out the Receipte of the Exchequier to thandes of the ladye
Arbella Seymour for her own furnishinge in her journey into the
Bishoprycke of Durham—cc'li.
"Money payde to Thomas Moundeforde, Doctor of physicke and an Apothecarye appointed by order of the lordes of the privie Councell to geve their attendaunce uppon the saide lady Arbella: viz. for the enterteynement of the saide Doctor Moundeforde for cl'tie dayes begonne the viij'th of Ffebruarie 1610 and ended the vij'th of Julie following 1611 at xxx's. per diem—ccxxv'li.
"Ffor the enterteynement of his Apothecarye for ninety dayes at
xiij's. iiij'd. per diem—lx'li.
"Ffor twoe cabbanetts furnished w'th thinges necessary and used in
the tyme of the saide ladye Arbella for sycknes—xij'li.
"For chardges of horsehier and other expences of the saide Doctor
Moundeford—iij'li.
"Payde to Sir James Crofte, Knighte, appoynted by order from the lordes of the privie Councell to geve his attendaunce uppon the saide lady Arbella Seymour for his enterteynement at xxx's. per diem—clj'li. x's.
"Some Tottall of the Allowances and paymentes—M,ciijviij'li. viij's. x'd.
* * * * *
In vol. 61. of the Lansdowne MSS. in the British Museum occurs the following remarkable letter from the Bishop of London (John Aylmer) to Lord Burghley. I wish to be informed to what "foolish rhime," which had been printed in Oxford and London, it applies? It is a question of some literary importance to me at the present moment, and I am glad to have the opportunity of putting it by means of your new hebdomadal undertaking. I hope to meet with a reply in your "NOTES AND QUERIES" of next week.
"To the Lord Treasurer,
"Yt may please your good L. to understand, that upon inquiry made for the setting forth of this foolish rime, I finde that it was first printed at Oxford, by Joseph Barnes, and after here by Toby Cooke, without licence, who is now out of towne, but as sone as he returneth, I will talke with him about it. I marvell that they of Oxford will suffer such toyes to be sett forth by their authority; for in my opinion it had been better to have thanked God, than to have insulted upon men, and especially upon princes. And so I take my leave of your good L., praying God to send you health to his honour and all our good. From my pallace at London, this xxix'th of Aprill 1589.
"Your good L. to command in X'o.,
If the above refer to any production in verse upon the defeat of the Armada, Lord Burghley (who had probably made inquiries of the Bishop) seems to have been actuated by some extraordinary and uncalled-for delicacy towards the King of Spain. Waiting an explanation, I am your
Lond. Oct. 23. 1849.
I cannot find that Aylmer's letter has ever been noticed by any of our literary antiquaries.
* * * * *
Mr. Editor,—Can any of your readers direct me to the different authors who have treated of the asserted expedition of Madoc to America; or to any Papers upon that subject which have appeared in any Periodicals, or Transactions of learned societies.
* * * * *
Mr. Editor,—The following is an extract from Lord Brougham's Character of Chatham, vol. i. p. 27.
"The Debates on the American Stamp Act in 1764 are the first that can be said to have been preserved at all, through the happy accident of Lord Charlemont, assisted by Sir Robert Dean, &c. &c., and accordingly they have handed down to us some Notes of Lord Chatham's celebrated Speech upon that Question."
Can any of your readers inform me where these "NOTES" of this "celebrated speech" are to be found?
* * * * *
Sir,—I gladly avail myself of the "NOTES AND QUERIES," to request information on the following points:—
I. Is any thing known, and especially from the writings of Erasmus, of a bookseller and publisher of the Low Countries named Dorne, who lived at the beginning of the sixteenth century?
II. Is any thing known of a little work of early date, called Henno rusticus?
III. Or of another, called Of the sige (signe?) of the end?
Trusting that some of your readers will be enabled to throw light upon one or other of these points,
I remain, &c.
* * * * *
JONES (EDMUND) GEOGRAPHICAL HISTORICAL, AND RELIGIOUS ACCOUNT OF
ABERYSTWITH. 8vo. Trevecka. 1779.
CARTARI.—DA ROSA D'ORO PONTIFICIA, ETC. 4to. Rome. 1681.
SHAKSPEARE'S DRAMATIC WORKS.—The Fourth Volume of WHITTINGHAM's
Edition, in 7 vols. 24mo. Chiswick. 1814.
*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
* * * * *
The matter is so generally understood with regard to the management of periodical works, that it is hardly necessary for the Editor to say that HE CANNOT UNDERTAKE TO RETURN MANUSCRIPTS; but on one point he wishes to offer a few words of explanation to his correspondents in general, and particularly to those who do not enable him to communicate with them except in print. They will see, on a very little reflection, that it is plainly his interest to take all he can get, and make the most, and best, of everything; and therefore he begs them to take for granted that their communications are received and appreciated, even if the succeeding Number bears no proof of it. He is convinced that the want of specific acknowledgement will only be felt by those who have no idea of the labour and difficulty attendant on the hurried management of such a work, and of the impossibility of sometimes giving an explanation, when there really is one which would quite satisfy the writer, for the delay or non-insertion of his communication. Correspondents in such cases have no reason, and if they understood an editor's position they would feel that they have no right, to consider themselves undervalued; but nothing short of personal experience in editorship would explain to them the perplexities and evil consequences arising from an opposite course.
* * * * *
AUBERY JUNIOR The coincidence is certainly curious. When the 3rd of November was fixed for the first appearance of "NOTES AND QUERIES," it was little thought that it was the anniversary of the birth of John Aubrey, the most noted Querist, if not the queerest Noter, of all English antiquaries. His "Mem. to ask Mr. ——" no doubt indirectly suggested our title.
PHILOBIBLION is thanked for his suggestion, that we should "print lists of all the books printed by the Roxburgh, Abbotsford, Camden, Spottiswoode, and other publishing Clubs and Societies." His suggestion had, however, been anticipated: arrangements are making for giving not only the information suggested by PHILOBIBLION, but also particulars of the works issued by the different Continental publishing Societies, such as La Société de L'Histoire de France, Der Literaische Verein in Stuttgart, and the Svenska Fornskrift-Sällskap of Stockholm, so that the English reader may be put into possession of facts connected with these Societies not to be found elsewhere.
MANCHESTER (Box 720.) is thanked for his suggestion.
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED. We believe that this will prove one of the most useful divisions of our weekly sheet. Gentlemen who may be unable to meet with any book or volume of which they are in want may, upon furnishing name, date, size, &c., have it inserted in this List free of cost. Persons having such volumes to dispose of are requested to send reports of price, &c. to Mr. Bell, our publisher.
* * * * * * * * * *
This day is published, price 2s. 6d.; by post, 3s.
ILLUSTRATIONS AND ENQUIRIES RELATING TO MESMERISM. Part I. By the Rev.
S.R. Maitland, D.D., F.R.S., F.A.S.; sometime Librarian to the late
Archbishop of Canterbury, and Keeper of the MSS at Lambeth.
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ANTIQUARIAN GLEANINGS IN THE NORTH OF ENGLAND: being examples of antique furniture, plate, church decoration, objects of historical interest, &c. Drawn and etched by W. B. SCOTT.
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MEMOIRS OF MUSICK. By the Hon. ROGER NORTH, Attourney-General to James I. Now first printed from the original MS. and edited, with copious notes, by EDWARD F. RIMBAULT, LL.D., F.S.A., &c. &c. Quarto; with a portrait; handsomely printed in 4to.; half-bound in Moroco, 15s.
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WESTMINSTER: Memorials of the City, its Palaces, Whitehall, Parish
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See Morning Post, May 17.; John Bull, June 2,; Critic, June 15.; Atlas, June 16.; Christian Remembrancer, July 1.; Magazine of Science, Oct. 1.; West of England Conservative, Sept. 20.; Ecclesiologist, Oct. 1.; Bentley's Miscellany, Oct. 1., &c.
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