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Title: A Museum for Young Gentlemen and Ladies

Author: Unknown

Release date: January 9, 2007 [eBook #20301]

Most recently updated: June 25, 2020

Language: English

Other information and formats: www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/20301

Credits: E-text prepared by J. Paul Morrison

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A MUSEUM FOR YOUNG GENTLEMEN AND LADIES ***

E-text prepared by J. Paul Morrison

Transcriber's Notes:

- This 15th edition of A MUSEUM FOR YOUNG GENTLEMEN AND LADIES was published ca. 1799.

- Each page repeats the first word of the next page at the bottom right - this has not been reproduced in this text version.

- As can be seen on the title page below, the book uses the long 's' (ſ) in non-final positions - this has not been reproduced in this text version, as it would make the text less easily searchable.  A non-final double 's' is sometimes written with two long 's's, and sometimes with a long 's' followed by a short (or final) 's' (somewhat like the ß of German).

- 'st' and 'ct' are usually written with a ligature - this has not been preserved in the text; 'ae' and 'oe' ligatures have been preserved, however.

- Colons, semicolons, question marks, and brackets are usually surrounded by spaces - in this text, the modern convention has been followed.

- The book consistently uses '&c.' where we today use 'etc.' - this has been preserved.

- The dimensions of the book are approx. 13½ cm. by 9 cm., so each line contains 8-9 words on average.  This means that the layout of the following text does not usually match that of the book.

- Compound words like "every body" are often written with a space in the middle - this has been preserved where it appears.

- Page numbers have been omitted.

- '[sic]' has been inserted at many places in the text to let the reader know that the preceding word or phrase appeared as such in the original.  These appear in blue in the HTML version.

- A number of names are spelled differently from present-day usage, e.g. Anna Bullen (Anne Boleyn) - in most cases, these have not been marked.

- On one page, a letter is corrupted, and on the following line letters appear to be missing - these have been marked with a comment in square brackets.

- One major point of confusion should be mentioned:  In the section on the Seven Wonders of the World, what is usually described as the Lighthouse of Pharos (shown in the woodcut) appears to have been merged with the so-called Egyptian Labyrinth (described by Herodotus) - see the title and the description in the text.  In the next section (the Pyramids of Egypt), there is a reference to a black marble head on the third pyramid - perhaps this represents some confusion with the Sphynx.

A

MUSEUM

FOR

YOUNG GENTLEMEN AND LADIES

OR A

FOR LITTLE MASTERS AND MISSES.

Containing a Variety of uſeful Subjects;

AND, IN PARTICULAR,

I. Directions for Reading with Elegance and Propriety.

V. Table of Weights and Meaſures.

II. The ancient and preſent State of Great Britain; with a compendious hiſtory of England.

VI. The Seven Wonders of the World.

III. An Account of the Solar Syſtem.

VII. Proſpect and Deſcription of the burning Mountains.

IV. Hiſtorical and Geographical Deſcription of the ſeveral Countries in the World; with the Manners, Cuſtoms and Habits of the People.

VIII. Dying Words and Behaviour of great Men, when juſt quitting the Stage of Life; with many uſeful Particulars, all in a plain familiar way for Youth of both Sexes.

With Letters, Tales and Fables, for amuſement and Inſtruction.

ILLUSTRATED WITH CUTS.

THE FIFTEENTH EDITION,

WITH CONSIDERABLE ADDITIONS AND ALTERATIONS.

[Price one Shilling.]

[Reverse of title page]

Printed by B.C. COLLINS, Canal, Saliſbury.

THE

INTRODUCTION.

lie bylay in

ALEXANDER to ARISTOTLE, greeting.

"You have not done well to publish your books of select knowledge; for what is there now, in which I can surpass others, if those things which I have been instructed in are communicated to every body? For my own part, I declare to you, I would rather excel others in knowledge than in power."

"Farewel."

MUSEUM

FOR

YOUNG GENTLEMEN AND LADIES.

NOTES AND POINTS

USED IN

Writing and Printing.

1. The Comma    (,)

3. Colon      (:)

2. Semicolon       (;)

4. Period     (.)

CommaoneSemicolontwoColonthreePeriodfour

ColonSemicolon

InterrogationAdmirationExclamation

1. Apostrophe  (’)

7. Section       (§  )

2. Hyphen        (-)

8. Ellipsis        (—)

3. Parenthesis   ( )

9. Index          ()

4. Brackets      [  ]

10. Asterisk     (*)

5. Paragraph    (¶ )

11. Obelisk      (†)

6. Quotation     (“)

12. Caret         (^)

Apostrophelov'dHyphenpan-cakeParenthesisI know that in melivethBracketsThe little wordmakes a great noiseBracketsParenthesis ParagraphQuotationSectionEllipsisIndexAsteriskObeliskDaggerCaret

had

A certain man two sons:

^

hadCaret

Braces

DialysisDiæresisRaphaëlCircumflexEuphrâtesAccentneglécthómage

RULES FOR READING.

The sun shines upon the just and upon the unjustunjustjustwe must not imitate the unjust practices of others

to consider the design of the whole emphaticalwhowhatwhenDid my father walk abroad yesterday?fatherhesomebody elsewalkfoothorsebackyesterdayyesterday

RULES TO READ VERSE.

proseverseProseVersemetremeasureblank verse

secondfourthsixtheighthtenthtwelfth

The mónarch spóke, and stráit a múrmur róse.

English

Lóud as the súrges, whén the témpest blóws.

firstthirdfifthseventh

Cóuld we, whích we néver cán,

Strétch our líves beyónd their spán;

Beáuty líke a shádow flíes,

Ánd our yóuth befóre us díes.

'Tis the vóice of the slúggard, I heár him compláin,

You have wák'd me too soón, I must slúmber agáin.

FirstSecondlyglitteringglitt'ring

The USE of CAPITALS, and the different LETTERS used in PRINTING.

RomanItalicEnglish

Old EnglishRomanItalic

Top

A CONCISE

ACCOUNT OF ANCIENT BRITAIN.

CHAP. I.

happy

Follow me, fellow soldiers, unless you will betray the Roman Eagle into the hands of the enemy.  For my part I am resolved to discharge my duty to Caesar and the Commonwealth.

A COMPENDIOUS

HISTORY OF ENGLAND.

CHAP. II.

THE

INTERMEDIATE HISTORY OF ENGLAND.

CHAP. III.

The NORMAN KINGS.

[sic]

[sic]

[sic]

The House of Lancaster, called the RED ROSE.

The House of York, called the WHITE ROSE.

THE

MODERN HISTORY OF ENGLAND.

CHAP. IV.

The House of TUDOR.

[sic]

The STUART FAMILY.

No Bishop, No King

[sic]

The House of ORANGE.

[sic]

[sic]

The House of HANOVER.

[sic]

[sic]

[sic]

[sic][sic]

[sic]

[sic]

[sic][sic]

agriculture and commerce were improved and extended; the polite arts, such as painting and sculpture, were patronized by his Majesty, and a royal academy instituted for the purpose, in the year 1768.  We might call this the Augustine age; and Great-Britain promised to its posterity universal empire.  But the colonies of North America revolted from their allegiance to Great-Britain in the year 1775, and formed a congress, under the title The Congress of the Thirteen United Provinces, which assumed all the powers of government;  in the following year it declared the States of America independent of the crown and parliament of Great-Britain.  The government of France assisted them against the forces of this nation both by sea and land; and Spain also declared war against this country, as a diversion to its arms in favour of America.  Holland also became a party in the cause, to humble a nation which had arrived to such a pitch of greatness; and the general struggle at last terminated in the peace of 1783, in which the government of Great-Britain acknowledged the Americans to be independent; in consequence, the provinces of Canada and Nova Scotia only remain to us, of all our immense possessions on the continent of America.

This country, in the year 1787, began to arm in favour of the Prince Stadtholder of the Seven United Provinces, who had been driven from his palace by a French party; but that business was terminated by their submission to the Duke of Brunswick, who entered Holland, and restored the former government.  The Spaniards dispossessing our settlers at Nootka Sound, in 1790, was made the pretext for equipping a formidable armament; and though the difference with the Spaniards was speedily settled by negociation [sic], the jealousy entertained of the French Anarchists occasioned our Government to keep the country in armed preparation; till the indignation universally excited by the decapitation of the unfortunate French King, and the invasion of Holland by the armies of the French Republic, caused us to enter into that war, whose wide-extended fluence has deluged the continent of Europe with blood, tumbled the papal throne in ruins, dethroned the Kings of Naples and Sardinia, the former of whom is however yet struggling for his rights, annihilated the ancient Republics of  Venice, Genoa, &c. &c. extinguished the authority of the House of Orange in Holland, endangered the very existence of the House of Austria and the Germanic Empire, and by the invasion of the Egypt and Syria, has even alarmed the Sultan of the Turks for the safety of his capital, whilst the hardy bands of Russia have been called forth into action both to defend her former inveterate foes, and to wrest the classic ground of Italy from the gripe [sic] of the modern Vandals, the French!  Yet amid all this carnage, the horrors of the war, if we except the enormous expenditure attending it, have scarcely been felt in this country; two attempts of invasion by the enemy have been frustrated; the captured fleets of France, Spain, and Holland, have been triumphantly brought into our harbours; our own Colonies and distant settlements have been secured, many of the most important of those of the enemy have been taken; and the India Company has established its power, by the complete conquest of the kingdom of Mysore, Tippoo Sultaun having fallen in defending his palace at Seringapatam. But it is a remarkable feature in this war, that after so sanguinary a contest for seven years, Peace appears, at the close of the year 1799, more distant than it did at its commencement.

Top

THE HISTORY

OF THE

PRESENT STATE OF ENGLAND.

Its Situation.

Its Air

[sic]

Its Soil.

Its Trees.

Its Plantations.

Its Rivers.

Its Contents.

Its Constitution.

Its Administration of Justice.

Its Ecclesiastical Government.

Of the Convocation.

Of the Parliament.

The ancient STATE of ENGLAND.

Their GOVERNMENT.

[sic]

The most remarkable TENETS of their DRUIDS.

Their ANCIENT STATES.

STATES.

COUNTIES.

1.   Danmonii,

Cornwall and Devon.

2.   Durotriges,

Dorset.

3.   Belgæ,

Somerset, Wilts, and the

north part of Hants.

4.   Attrebatii,

Berks.

5.   Regni,

Surrey, Sussex, and the south

part of Hants.

6.   Cantii,

Kent.

7.   Trinobantes,

Middlesex, Hertfordshire, &

Essex.

8.   Iceni,

Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridge,

and Huntingdon.

9.   Catieuchlani,

Bucks and Bedford.

10.  Dobuni,

Gloucester and Oxford.

11.  Silures,

Hereford, Monmouth, Rad-

nor, Brecon, & Glamorgan.

12.   Dimetæ,

Carmarthen, Pembroke, and

Cardigan.

13.  Ordovices,

Flint, Denbigh, Merioneth,

Montgomery, & Carnarvon.

14.  Cornavii,

Chester, Salop, Stafford,

Warwick, and Worcester.

15.  Coritani,

Lincoln, Nottingham, Derby,

Leicester, Rutland, and

Northampton.

16.  Brigantes,

York, Lancaster, Westmore-

land, Cumberland, & Durham.

17.  Ottadini,

Northumberland.

Their general CHARACTER.

[sic]

The ROMAN GOVERNMENT.

The PERSECUTIONS against the CHRISTIANS

consequent thereupon.

[sic]

[sic]

[sic]

The SAXON HEPTARCHY.

I. The Kingdom of Kent.

II. The Kingdom of the South Saxons.

III. The Kingdom of the West Saxons.

IV. The Kingdom of the East Saxons.

V. The Kingdom of Northumberland.

VI. The Kingdom of the East Angles.

VII. The Kingdom of the Mercians.

Egbert the Great, first King of England.

Ethelwulf, the Second King of England.

[sic]

III. [sic] Ethelbald and Ethelbert, joint Kings of England.

Ethelbert, the fourth King of England.

Ethelred, the fifth King of England.

Alfred the Great, sixth King of England.

[sic]

Edward the Elder, seventh King of England.

Ethelstan, eighth King of England.

Top

AN ACCOUNT

OF THE

SOLAR SYSTEM,

Adapted to the Capacities of Children.

[sic] assert, that there is an atmosphere of air about her; and, if so, then is she subject to the wind, clouds, rain, thunder, lightning, and other meteors, as well as the earth, and of consequence may be inhabited by men and animals.  The diameter or thickness of the moon, is about 2175 English miles.  The moon revolves round the earth in about 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes.  According to the different position of the moon in her orb, with respect to the sun and earth, she puts on different aspects or phases, as new, horned, full, &c.  And since, at the same distance from the sun, she never appears of a different face, it is evident that she has a diurnal motion round her own axis, which is completed in the same time as her periodical revolution is about the earth.  So that the Lunarians, or people of the moon, (if there are such) have their days and months perpetually of equal length.

The other planets, i.e. Mercury, Venus, the Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the Georgium Sidus,* all revolve in the same manner about the sun as the centre of the system; and in the order from the sun as they are named in the following figure of the UNIVERSE.

*  The Georgium Sidus is a later discovery, having two moons; without the orb of Saturn, and not represented in the following scheme, for want of room.

Of the EARTH, considered as a PLANET.

OF THE CIRCLES,

Which are used by GEOGRAPHERS to explain

the Properties of the NATURAL GLOBE.

Of the ZONES.

Of the CLIMATES.

[sic]

Of LAND and WATER.

Top

OF THE

FOUR QUARTERS OF THE WORLD,

AND FIRST OF EUROPE.

A Swedish Man and Woman in their proper

Dresses.

An Historical and Geographical Account of

SWEDEN, DENMARK, and NORWAY.

An Account of DENMARK.

An Account of NORWAY.

A Moscovite, or Russian Man and Woman in

their proper Dresses.

An account of MOSCOVY, or RUSSIA.

[sic]

A French Man and Woman in their proper Dresses.

An Historical and Geographical Account of FRANCE.

Germans in their proper Habits.

An Account of GERMANY.

[sic]

A Dutch Man and Woman in their proper Habits.

A Spanish Man and Woman in their proper Habits.

An Account of SPAIN.

[sic]

A Portuguese Man and Woman in their proper Habits.

An Account of PORTUGAL.

the world was at an end

An Italian Man and Woman in their proper Habits.

An Historical Description of ITALY.

[sic]HolyNobleFairProudGreatRichLearnedFat

A Turkish Man and Woman in their proper Habits.

An Account of TURKEY.

[sic][sic]

ASIA.

A Man and Woman of Tartary in their proper Habits.

An Account of TARTARY.

The Chinese are masters of the South and East parts of Tartary. The Tartars are divided into four different nations, namely, the Tartars properly so called, the Calmucks, and the Usbeck and Moguls. The Calmuck Tartars acknowledge themselves subjects of Russia; the Usbeck Tartars were once independent, but since subdued by Kouli Khan, the late Sovereign of Persia, who took possession and plundered their capital city Bochara, which was extremely populous and wealthy. This country of Usbeck Tartary is situate in a very happy climate and fruitful soil, and carries on a very brisk trade to the East and West parts of Asia: it was the country of the victorious Tamerlane, who subdued most of the kingdoms of Asia.

[sic]

A Chinese Man and Woman in their proper Habits.

An Account of CHINA.

THE Empire of China is a great and spacious country, on the East of Asia, famed for its fruitfulness, wealth, beautifulness of towns, and incredible number of inhabitants.

[sic]

An Indian Man and Woman in their proper Habits.

An Account of INDIA.

[sic][sic]

Of TURKEY in ASIA.

[sic]

Shaw's Travels.

AFRICA.

An Egyptian Man and Woman in their proper Habits.

An Account of EGYPT.

[sic][sic]

An Account of BARBARY.

[sic][sic]

A Description of ZAARA, or the Great Desarts

of AFRICA.

A Negroe Man and Woman in their proper Habits.

An Account of the Land of the NEGROES.

[sic]

An Account of ÆTHIOPIA.

[sic][sic]

An Account of GUINEA.

[sic]

AMERICA.

An American Man and Woman in their proper Habits.

[sic][sic]

An Account of MEXICO, or NEW SPAIN.

[sic]

An Account of NEW MEXICO, or GRANADA.

An Account of FLORIDA.

An Account of CANADA.

[sic][sic]

An Account of TERRA FIRMA.

[sic]

An Account of PERU.

Of the Land of the AMAZONS.

An Account of BRAZIL.

An Account of CHILI.

i.e.[sic]

A Persian Man and Woman in their proper Habits.

An Account of PERSIA.

[sic]

Top

An Account of DAYS, WEEKS, MONTHS, and

YEARS.

i.e.

i.e.

i.e.

Thirty days hath September,

April, June, and November;

February twenty-eight alone,

All the rest have thirty-one;

But when leap-year comes, that time

Has February twenty-nine.

To find the Leap-Year.

Divide the year of our Lord by 4, and if there be no remainder, it is leap-year; but if there remains 1, 2, or 3, then that denotes the first, second, or third after leap-year.

TABLES OF

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

Troy Weight.

Char.

24

Grains  ---

1

Pennyweight

dwt.

20

Pennyweights

1

Ounce ---

oz.

12

Ounces ---

1

Pound

lb.

Avoirdupois Weight.

16

Drams  ---

1

Ounce ---

oz.

16

Ounces ---

1

Pound ---

lb.

28

Pounds  ---

1

Quar. of a hun.

qr.

20

Hundreds --

1

Ton   ---

ton.

N.B.

Apothecaries' Weight.

Char.

20

Grains

1

Scruple ---

3

Scruples ---

1

Dram  ---

8

Drams   ----

1

Ounce  ---

12

Ounces ---

1

Pound ---

Wine Measure.

In short.

2

Pints ---

1

Quart

qrt.

4

Quarts ---

1

Gallon ---

gall..

63

Gallons ---

1

Hogshead ---

hhd.

2

Hogsheads ---

1

Pipe ---

pipe.

2

Pipes ---

1

Tun  ---

tun.

Beer Measure.

2

Pints ---

1

Quart  ---

qrt.

4

Quarts ---

1

Gallon ---

gall.

9

Gallons ---

1

Firkin  ---

firk.

2

Firkins ---

1

Kilderkin ---

kild.

2

Kilderkins --

1

Barrel ---

bar.

1½

Barrel ---

1

Hogshead --

hhd.

3

Barrels, or 2 hhds.

1

Butt ---

butt.

N.B.

Cloth Measure.

In short.

4

Nails ---

1

Quarter ---

qr.

4

Quarters --

1

Yard ---

yd.

Time.

60

Seconds ---

1

Minute

60

Minutes ---

1

Hour

24

Hours ---

1

Natural Day

7

Days

1

Week

4

Weeks

1

Month

13

Months, 1 day, and 6 hours, is

One

52

Weeks, 1 day, and 6 hours, is

Julian

365

Days, and 6 hours, is

Year.

8766

Hours, is

Note,

Dry Measure.

In short.

8

Pints ---

1

Gallon ---

gall.

2

Gallons ---

1

Peck ---

peck.

4

Pecks ---

1

Bushel  ---

bush.

4

Bushels ---

1

Coomb --

coomb.

2

Coombs --

1

Quarter --

qr.

5

Quarters --

1

Wey ----

wey.

2

Weys ---

1

Last ---

last.

Land Measure.

40

Square Perches ---

1

Rood

4

Roods ----

1

Acre

Long Measure.

12

Inches             ----

1

Foot

3

Feet                    ---

1

Yard

5

Yards and ½    ---

1

Pole or perch

40

Poles   ---               ---

1

Furlong

8

Furlongs or 1760 yards

1

English mile

A MULTIPLICATION TABLE.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

3

6

9

12

15

18

21

24

27

4

8

12

16

20

24

28

32

36

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

6

12

18

24

30

36

42

48

54

7

14

21

28

35

42

49

56

63

8

16

24

32

40

48

56

64

72

9

18

27

36

45

54

63

72

81

The PENCE TABLE.

20

Pence is

1

shilling and

8

pence

30

---

2

----

6

40

---

3

----

4

50

---

4

----

2

60

---

5

----

--

70

---

5

----

10

80

---

6

----

8

90

---

7

----

6

100

---

8

----

4

110

---

9

----

2

120

---

10

----

--

130

---

10

----

10

140

---

11

----

8

150

---

12

----

6

160

---

13

----

4

170

---

14

----

2

180

---

15

----

--

190

---

15

----

10

200

---

16

----

8

210

---

17

----

6

220

---

18

----

4

230

---

19

----

2

240

---

20

----

--

[letter corrupted][so as? (letters apparently dropped)]

Top

A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE

SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD.

The TEMPLE of EPHESUS.

The WALLS of BABYLON.

[sic]

The TOMB of PHAROS.

[sic][sic]

Of the PYRAMIDS of EGYPT.

[sic]

The TOMB of MAUSOLUS.

The COLOSSUS of the SUN.

The IMAGE of Jupiter.

Top

Thus having given an Account of the Seven Wonders of the World, let us take a View of the Burning Mountains, or Volcanos, called Mount Vesuvius and Mount Ætna; than which there is, perhaps, nothing in the whole Course of Nature more worthy our Notice [sic] , or so capable of raising our Admiration; and which, when considered in a religious sense, may, with Justice, be said to be one of the wonderful Works of GOD.

[sic]

Death, in a thousand forms, destructive frown'd,

And Woe, Despair, and Horror rag'd around.

Æneid II. by Pitt.

What tongue the dreadful slaughter could disclose;

Or, oh! what tears could answer half their woes?

Explanation of the Cut of Mount Vesuvius.

1. The Southern Summit, out of which the fire proceeds.

2. The Northern Summit.

3. The Rocks on the North.

4. The Valley between the two Summits.

5. The Opening on the Side where the fiery Torrent broke out.

6. The first Opening, called the Plain.

7. The Course which the last fiery Torrent took.

8. The Chapel of St. Januarius.

Explanation of NUMBERS expressed by Letters.

N.B.

Top

LETTERS, TALES AND FABLES,

FOR

AMUSEMENT AND INSTRUCTION.

A Letter from Master in London, to his Mamma in the Country, giving a Description of the Tower, Monument, and St. Paul's Church.

[sic][sic]

[sic]

[sic]

A memorable Saying of the Duke de ORLEANS, at the Surrender of Gravelling, with a generous Action of that Prince.

With what a matchless virtue did this Prince dismiss a gentleman that was hired to murder him!  This assassin was suffered to pass into the Duke's bedchamber one morning early, pretending business of grave moment from the Queen.  As soon as the Duke cast his eyes on him, he spoke thus:  "I know thy business, friend: thou art sent to take away my life.  What hurt have I done thee?  It is now in my power, with a word, to have thee cut in pieces before my face.  But I pardon thee; go thy way, and see my face no more."

The gentleman, stung with his own guilt, and astonished at the excellent nature of this Prince, fell on his knees, confessed his design, and who employed him; and having promised eternal gratitude for his Royal favour, departed without any other notice taken of him; and fearing to tarry in France, entered himself into the service of the Spanish King.  It was his fortune afterwards to encounter the Duke of Orleans in a battle in Flanders.  The Duke, at that instant, was oppressed with a crowd of Germans, who surrounded him; and, in the conflict, he lost his sword; which this gentleman perceiving, nimbly stept to him, and delivered one into the Duke's hand, saying withal, "Now reap the fruit of thy former clemency.  Thou gavest me my life, now I put thee in a capacity to defend thy own."  The Duke by this means at length escaped the danger he was in; and that day the fortune of war was on his side.  The French had a considerable victory.

You see by this, that heroic actions have something divine in them, and attract the favours of Heaven.  No man was a loser by good works; for though he be not presently rewarded, yet, in length of time, some happy emergency arises to convince him, "That virtuous men are the darlings of Providence."

The remarkable Story of GIOTTO, an Italian Painter, and his Crucifix.

IT was a cruel and inhuman caprice of an Italian Painter (I think his name was Giotto), who designing to draw a crucifix to the life, wheedled a poor man to suffer himself to be bound to the cross an hour, at the end of which he should be released again, and receive a considerable gratuity for his pains.  But instead of this, as soon as he had him fast on the cross, he stabbed him dead, and then fell to drawing.  He was esteemed the greatest master in all Italy at that time; and having this advantage of a dead man hanging on a cross before him, there is no question but he made a matchless piece of work on't.

As soon as he had finished his picture he carried it to the Pope, who was astonished, as at a progidy [sic] of art, highly extolling the exquisiteness of the features and limbs, the languishing pale deadness of the face, the unaffected sinking of the head:  In a word, he had drawn to the life not only that privation of sense and motion which we call death, but also the very want of the least vital symptom.

This is better understood than expressed. Every body knows that it is a master-piece to represent a passion or a thought well and natural.  Much greater is it to describe the total absence of these interior facilities, so as to dis tinguish the figure of a dead man from one that is only asleep.

Yet all this, and much more, could the Pope discern in the admirable draught which Giotto presented him.  And he liked it so well, that he resolved to place it over the altar of his own chapel.  Giotto told him, since he liked the copy so well he would shew him the original, if he pleased.

What dost thou mean by the original, said the Pope?   Wilt thou shew me Jesus Christ on the cross in his own person?  No, replied Giotto, but I'll shew your Holiness the original from whence I drew this, if you will absolve me from all punishment.  The good old father suspecting something extraordinary from the painter's thus capitulating with him, promised, on his word, to pardon him, which Giotto believing, immediately told him where it was; and attending him to the place, as soon as they were entered, he drew a curtain back which hung before the dead man on the cross, and told the Pope what he had done.

The Holy Father, extremely troubled at so inhuman and barbarous an action, repealed his promise, and told the painter he should surely be put to an exemplary death.

Giotto seemed resigned to the sentence pronounced upon him, and only begged leave to finish the picture before he died, which was granted him.  In the mean while a guard was set upon him to prevent his escape.  As soon as the Pope had caused the picture to be delivered

FABLE of the HARE and many FRIENDS.

By Mr. GAY.

FRIENDSHIP, like love, is but a name,

Unless to one you stint the flame,

The child whom many fathers share,

Hath seldom known a father's care;

'Tis thus in friendship; who depend

On many, rarely find a friend.

A hare, who, in a civil way,

Complied with ev'ry thing, like Gay,

Was known by all the bestial train

Who haunt the wood, or graze the plain;

Her care was, never to offend,

And ev'ry creature was her friend.

As forth she went at early dawn,

To taste the dew-besprinkled lawn,

Behind she hears the hunter's cries,

And from the deep-mouth'd thunder flies;

She starts, she stops, she pants for breath;

She hears the near advance of death;

She doubles to mislead the hound,

And measures back her mazy round;

'Till, fainting in the public way,

Half dead with fear she gasping lay.

What transports in her bosom grew,

When first the horse appear'd in view!

Let me, says she, your back ascend,

And owe my safety to a friend;

You know my feet betray my flight,

To friendship every burden's light.

The horse replied, poor honest puss,

It grieves my heart to see thee thus;

Be comforted, relief is near,

For all your friends are in the rear.

She next the stately bull implor'd,

And thus replied the mighty lord;

Since every beast alive can tell

That I sincerely wish you well,

I may, without offence, pretend

To take the freedom of a friend;

Love calls me hence; a fav'rite cow

Expects me near yon barley mow;

And when a lady's in the case,

You know all other things give place.

To leave you thus might seem unkind,

But see, the goat is just behind.

The goat remark'd her pulse was high,

Her languid head, her heavy eye;

My back, says he, may do you harm;

The sheep's at hand, and wool is warm.

The sheep was feeble, and complain'd

His sides a load of wool sustain'd,

Said he was slow, confest his fears;

For hounds eat sheep as well as hares.

She now the trotting calf addrest,

To save from death a friend distrest.

Shall I, says he, of tender age,

In this important care engage?

Older and abler past you by;

How strong are those!  how weak am I!

Should I presume to bear you hence,

Those friends of mine may take offence:

Excuse me then.  You know my heart,

But dearest friends, alas, must part!

How shall we all lament:  Adieu!

For see the hounds are just in view.

The dying Words and Behaviour of three great

Men, when just quitting the Stage of Life.

SIR Francis Walsingham, towards the end of his life, grew very melancholy, and writ to the Lord Burleigh to this purpose: "We have lived long enough to our country,. to our fortunes, and to our Sovereign;  it is high time we begin to live to ourselves, and to our God."

Sir Henry Wotton, who had gone on several embassies, and was intimate with the greatest Princes, chose to retire from all, saying,  The utmost happiness a man could attain to, was to be at leisure to be, and to do good;  never reflecting on his former years, but with tears, he would say, "How much time have I to repent of! and how little to do it in!"

Philip III. King of Spain, seriously reflecting upon the life he had led in the world, cried out upon his death-bed, How happy were I, had I spent those twenty-three years that I have held my kingdom, in a retirement!  saying to his confessor, "My concern is for my soul, not my body."

FINIS.

SALISBURY:  Printed by B.C. COLLINS.

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