The Project Gutenberg eBook of Catalanisches Streitgedicht zwischen En Buc und seinem Pferd, by Wendelin Foerster

Project by Carlo Traverso
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W. FOERSTER.

Das launige Gedicht steht auf Blatt 219a—222c der catalanischen
Handschrift 377 der Bibliothek zu Carpentras, derselben, aus welcher
A. Mussafia vor kurzem die sieben weisen Meister herausgegeben (Die
catalanische metrische Version der sieben weisen Meister, Wien 1876).
Vorausgeschickt ist dem Texte eine ausführliche sprachliche
Untersuchung, auf die ich mit M. und der Paragraphenzahl verweise.
Alles daselbst über den Testzustand Bemerkte gilt auch von unserm
Gedichte; die Ueberlieferung ist sehr verwahrlost, und fast die Hälfte
der Zeilen verstösst gegen das Silbenschema. Eine sichere Verbesserung
bot sich selten dar. Ich verwies dergleichen Vorschläge in die
Anmerkungen.[1] Das prothetische e des s impurum stellte ich, der
Hdschr. folgend, nicht her; dasselbe gilt selbstverständlich als
Silbe.

Es sei noch bemerkt, dass der ganze Codex in einer flüchtigen Cursivschrift abgefasst ist, deren Entzifferung in manchen Fällen mit voller Sicherheit nicht möglich ist; besonders leicht zu verwechseln sind wegen der oft völlig zutreffenden Aehnlichkeit der Züge einerseits q, g, y, @, andrerseits c, l, r, s und manchmal c. Starke Kürzungen finden sich sehr häufig.

Wegen des Inhalts sind zwei provenzalische Gedichte Bertran Carbonels (P. Meyer, Dern. Troubadours, S. 61—65) zu vergleichen, denen sich das altfranz. Plait Renart de Dammartin contre Vairon son roncin (Jubinal Nouv. Rec. II, 23—27) anreiht. Vergl. noch P. Meyers Note 1. c. S. 76. 2). Wegen der Beichte vergl. Renarts Beichte (II, 41 ff.) und wegen des Testaments das Testamentum asini.

219a Lectio epistole del trabayll
            Oue en Buch moch ab son cauall.
            En Buc car es hom de fe,
            Repta son cauall de no-fe.
       5 Dix li: "Cauall, per gran amor
            (Per so con lo sap robador)
            Te prech que nom aports
            A uergoyna per los teus torts.
            Tots mos scutlers m'an fets clams
      10 Que a tu no duren liams
            E que tota la nuyt uas solt
            Tant tro quels as meniat e tolt
            L'ordi que tenen los caualls,
            E not basten munts ne ualls.
      15 No as uergoyna, ben struch?
            Con no prens aximpli d'en Buch?
            Aximpli deus pendre de mi;
            Be saps que anch nom abeyli
            Pendre, tolrre ne amblar."
      20 "Gran freturaus fa bon caylar",
            Dix lo cauayll, "si deus m'aiut!
            Noych sots per tal conegut,
            Que seylls, quius conexen, dieu tots
            Que mal hom e de mal plech sots,
      25 E que mil bocs auets amblats,
            Meyns de aquells c'auets meniats.
219d De pendra galines sabeu,
            Per deu, non sab tant na Guineu!
            D'emblar cabrits per les muntaynes
      30 Mils que nul lop sabets les maynes.
            D'entrar de nits en colomer
            Mils que nul mart o sabets fer.
            De tolre blat al laurador,
            No uisques anch d'altra lauor.
      35 De mala fama, dien, sots fort."
            "Cauayll", dix en Buch, "els n'an gran tort,
            Que yo per cert aquex no so;
            Que lo meu payre aquex fo.
            E per so con hac nom axi
      40 Auets uos o pensat de mi.
            Mas d'exo yo nom desment
            Que lo meu payra longament
            Ffo raubador e de mal plech."
            Lo cauall ris tant ques assech;
      45 Car nos pot en sos peus tenir,
            Con aço li hac oyt dir.
            Apres con li fo passat lo ris,
            Encara en rient li dix:
            "Si uostra payre fo aytal,
      50 Per deu, lo fiyll nol sembla mal,
            Tal lo payre, tal lo fill.
            No fegits en .i. gran de mil,
            Segons que eu ay uist de uos,
220a. En .i. cest uos tenits ab dos."
      55 "Cauayll, fiyll de uil rossi!
            Axo diras tu de mi?"
            Dix lo cauall: "Nom desonrets,
            Si doncs desonrar nous uolets."
            "E quem pots tu dir, cauaylas?"
      60 "Diray uos per cert Bucas."
            "Eu te diray cauall trotador!"
            "E eu a uos en Buch robador!"
            "E eu te diray cauayll ueyll!"
            "E eu a uos en Buch maseyll!"
      65 "Eu te diray cauayll afoylat!"
            "Eu a uos en Buch bandeiat!"
            "Eu te diray caualas dur!"
            "E eu a uos en Buch tafur!"
            "Ara cayla, cauayll ueylot!"
      70 "Mas cayla tu, Buc alcauot!"
            "Cauayll, romanga lo desonrar;
            Que ab mi no pots res guaynar,
            Mas bastonades, si les vols,
            Valran te mes que lart ab cols."
      75 "En Buc, greu uos es, sapiats,
            Con hom uos diu les ueritats."
            "Ara cayla, cauaylas glot!"
            "En Buch, de uos o apris tot.
            Cant en uos uinch, si deus me sal,
      80 No sabia fer nagun mal;
            Mas tant uos en uey far souen,
            Que nos mereueyla, sin apren.
220b E mereueyll me con nous nuiats,
            Que nit e dia no uagats,
      85 Per quen sots en mala rao."
            "Dim, cauayll, si deus te perdo,
            Les gents que dien de mi?"
            "En Buch, tuyt dien enaxi
            Que tant auets tolt e amblat
      90 Que be degrets esser peniat,
            Que dels ayns ha .XX. o plus;
            Mas aytant con pux uos scus —-
            Mas tant saben tuyt uostra afar
            Que poch me ual mon scusar."
      95 "Veiats doncs que porem far
            Ne quin conseyll me poras dar,
            Tant con eu no be mester.
            Be saps que al re no se fer:
            De fam forem morts tu e eu,
     100 D'eço no pots morir per deu,
            Sil robar el emblar no fos."
            "En Buc, fets .i. compte uos,
            Axi con uos fa por la fam,
            Fassaus por lo ligam."
     105 "Cauayll, be m'as aconseylat
            E as me dita ueritat.
            Conexs que saluar me posques?"
            Dix lo cauall: "Hoc, si ades
            Vos confessats ab leyal cor
     110 Tot axi con hom ques mor,
            Layns en paradis irets
220a E ual uos mes que sius perdets."
            Dix en Buch: "Pagat ne so."
            "Doncs fets uostra confessio."
     115 "Vet doncs, cauall, que a tum confes,
            E io met me dels mals afers
            Que he fets, don me pogra esser star."
            "Encara auets als a far,
            Si beus uolets confessar,
     120 Que res non falga, mot a mot."
            "Hoc, dix ell, molt uolenter.
            Eu ay raubat molt mercader,
            No que tingues tort a mi,
            Mas con passat pel cami
     125 Molt altra per aquel semblant,
            Quels anaua lo lur leuant.
            Nous pensets que no leuas
            Capa cauda que trobas,
            Que si ay, ia deus o sap,
     130 A mant hom leuada del cap.
            Anch no porte fe bonament
            A compayno ne a parent,
            Pus res pogues auer del seu.
            A un clerge de Sabadeyll
     135 Embli .i. cot e .i. mantell
            Mentre que deya les matines;
            A un altra les galines,
            A mon compara sabater
220d Embli, si en res o tenits,
     140 Sabates qu'eu trasqui de nits
            .xl. pareylls de la taut.
            E tot quant mes yo he aut
            Hoc emblat o m'o he pres,
            Siu tenits en pecat, noy se res."
     145 "En Buch, de ço que auets tolt
            Pecat uos en roman desolt."
            "Cauayll, saps que pogra auer fer deu?
            Agues me dat de so del seu,
            E no agra res tolt a nagu;
     150 Que anch .i. balandran de bru
            Nos pot uenar que anch me des,
            Per mal arreat quem sabes.
            A sent Miguel con ue l'iuern
            Pogrem uenir piyor infern.
     155 Cauayll, si nom donas conseyll,
            Poca cura s'en dere deu."
            "En Buc, axi con altre gent
            Visquessets be o simplament
            En pau de uostra iust trabayll."
     160 "Arat prech quem digues, cauall,
            Prech te que sies uertader,
            Saps me tu altra mester
            Que sabes fer mils que aquest?
            Veig qu'en molt bon cars men seruesch.
     165 Yo no so bo a mariner
            Ne dins la mar no se res fer.
            Mestre d'axa yo no so
            Ne se fer barril ne flasco.
            Missa yo no se dir,
     170 Car anc no apres de legir.
            No so sartra ne paliter
            Ne tixador ne sabater.
            No so jutge ne aduocat
            Ne pledes ne hom letrat,
     175 Encara qui es pits de mort,
            No sabria dir si no tort.
            Mercader no so ne se comptar,
            Toj hom me pora enganar.
            Encara so que meyns ual
     180 Que nom atrobarets cabal.
            Axim coue doncs a far,
            Fendre e tolrre e amblar.
            E tu nen apregons pus,
            Que yo men passare dessus,
     185 E deus crey que perdonar m'a."
            "Doncs, dix lo cauall, bo sera!
            Auets dits nostres pecats?"
            "Cauall, tart serien comptats.
            Cauall, un compte fe aytal
     190 Que yo he fet poch be e molt mal.
            Tos temps atrobi gran plaser
221 b. Que so d'altri posques auer.
            Donem penetensa, sit plats,
            E nom demans altres pecats."
     195 "Volenter, dix lo cauall,
            E nons metam en gran trabayll.
            Veig que axit ne so assol,
            Deus uos aura merce, sis uol.
            Donats deçy queus ha deus dat
     2OO A pobres gents per caritat."
            "Aytal guayn puxes tu far,
            Cauayll, com me saps conseylar.
            De la ciuada que tu as
            Veiam tu quen rendaras."
     205 "En Buc, si saluar uos uolets,
            Affer uos coue que donets."
            "Aytant ayes tu sanitat,
            Cauayll, com sera ueritat
            Que yo do ne del mal meu
     210 Per grat ne per amor de deu.
            Ia sol no tem tal mes parlar,
            Que mes me am perdre que saluar."
            "En Buch, de so queus ha dat deus,
            Non darets als pobres seus?"
     215 "Cauayll, ans m'o he yo pres."
            "Hoc, mas si deus nos uolges,
            En Buch, nou aguessets uos pres."
            "Doncs, cauall, si deus m'o ha dat,
221c Per que dius quen he pecat?
     22O Cascun deu uiure de son art,
            Aquest fo lo primer mester
            Que haut he e sera lo derrer.
            Mes amaria auer amblats
            .XXX. carlins que dos donats.
     225 Mes ne amaria auer tolts .C.
            Que dos donats a pobre gent."
            "Doncs pus no i uolets res dar,
            En Buc, coueus a deiunar."
            "Que dius, caual, dius que deiu?
     230 E uist me anch deiunar tu?
            Dignes que acaba a deu
            L'endurar nel dejunar meu?
            No deiuni anc per mon grat;
            Verament ia he deiunat,
     235 Con no auia que meniar,
            Que nom gosaua demostrar,
            Qu'estaua tot iorn amagat
            Per tal com era beudeiat;
            Mas puys com vania la nuyt,
     240 Not pens que tingues peu en lit."
            "Doncs, en Buc, no faret nul be?"
            "Si fare com meyns pore.
            Penitenciam dona leu,
            Si vols que la tinga eu."
221d 245 "Pus que almoyne no volets far,
            En Buc, ne volets deiunar,
            Digats doncs oracions
            E pregats deu a ionolons."
            "Axot dich, cauall, que fare;
     250 Mas quals oracions dire?"
            "No sabets los psalms de Dauiu?"
            "E cols sabre, si anch nois uiu?"
            "No sabets los psalms penitencials?"
            "Sils se, tin me per aul e per fals."
     255 "No sabets lo pater nostra?"
            "Sil se, tot quant he sia uostra."
            "No sabets l'Ave Maria?"
            "Si la se, caual, mort m'aucia."
            "No sabets lo Credo en deu?"
     260 "Sil se, peniat sies tui."
            "No sabets Saluum me fac?"
            "Sil se, quem tolgues lo cap."
            "No sabets nuyla oracio?"
            "No, cauall, si deus me perdo."
     265 "E con avets viscut axi?"
            "De pa e de carn et de ui."
            "Hoc, mas ious dic de pregar deu."
            "Cauall, tos temps men passi leu."
            "E apreses hanc tant ne quant?"
222a 270 "Cauayll, be auets seny d'infant,
            L'art que mon para m'a dat
            Apres lo be, no m'es oblidat.
            D'altre art ne d'altre saber
            No agui anch cura de aver."
     275 "Doncs pus no uolets res donar
            Ne nous par bo lo deiunar
            E pus deu pregar no uolets,
            Qualque penitencia farets."
            "Veiats quem he acordat
     280 Per tal que non aia pecat.
            Con amblare ne tolrre,
            Dos o tres deners dare,
            Sol que sia tal lo cabal,
            Que a mi nou uayla mal;
     285 Si embla molto o uadell,
            Dar n'e lo uentre mas no la pell;
            Si embla galina o capo,
            La ploma els budells ne do;
            E de tot peix dare l'escata,
     290 E nou serquets altra barata;
            Penitencia nom pots dar
            Altra, dessot pots conortar."
            Dix lo cauall: "Beu he entes,
222b. D'uy mes entre deu e uos es;
     295 Nom par que siats cristia."
            E dix en Buch: "A mi quem fa?
            Vulles christia o jueu.
            Pur en ben dez Buc suy eu,
            En ayço no fas forsa gran.
     300 Deus me do pa e ui e carn
            E que trop roba que amblar."
            Dix lo cauayll: "Si deus me saul,
            En Buc, no m'o tingats en mal
            So queus conseyll leyalment:
     305 Vos fets uostra testament
            E departits los uostres bens
            Entrels amichs e los parents."
            "Hoc", dix en Buch, "molt uolenter,
            E leix mon fiyll per hereter,
     310 E tots los meus capteniments
            Sien seus per eretameuts,
            E lex li tos los meus pecats
            E que li sien deliurats
            E mala fama e mal nom,
     315 E que fassa tort a tot hom."
            Dix lo cauayll: "Trop uos cuytats!
            Lo uostra cors on lo lexats?"
            "De mon cors, con sera mort,
            No uull que hom sen trabayll fort.
222c 320 Eu leix lo cors e la peyll
            E l'anima a Mon-Gibell;
            Car aqui he pres hostal,
            Que tos temps fuy uesat de mal;
            No sabria star en bon loch,
     325 Que tos temps hi stigui poch,
            Vesat so de fret e de calt.
            La on uull star on mes m'esalt,
            No uull star en paradis,
            Car nom asalta son pahis;
     330 Car trop n'auria gran afayn,
            Per que noy conech nul gazayn.
            Mon testament a sa ualor,
            Que non fare altra miylor."
            En Buch son testament fet ha,
     335 Morir se pot, sis uol, dema,
            Axi con seyll qui be e gint
            Ha ordonat son testament
            K sos pecats be smenats
            E tots sos torts fort be pagats.
     340 Per que uos qui aço scoltats
            la mes no uetlets ne durmats
            Ne no posets ne uaguets
            Le gint est libre tan poiets.
                  Deo gracias.

1. Manches musste ich unentschieden lassen, da mir die hiesige k. Univ. Bibliothek, die weder ein catalanisches Wörterbuch noch eine catal. Grammatik besitzt, gar nichts bieten konnte.

7. -2 (vielleicht que onta oder anta. wobei freilich in der nächsten Zeile E statt A stehen müsste).

19.-1 (ne t.).— Die Infinitive sind Subj. zu abeyli—emblar und amblar wechseln ab.

22. Noych? Vielleicht Nul loch. Oder N'oych statt o-ï. Perfet, (prov. oïc) von oir ?

41. dexo, immer zusammengeschrieben, wohl statt de xo oder so, s. M. 80. 1). || — i (no me).

52. fegits (?) sollte seiner Endung nach 2. Pl. Praes. sein; denn Perf. wäre es oder is.—mil 'Hirse'.

55. 56. -1. || 60. -1 (en Bucas). || 6l. +1 (Eut). || 62. +l [E] oder [en]. || 65. +1 (Eut).

82. 83. +1. mereueylar muss viersilbig sein. In 82 entweder nom mereueyl oder Nous mereueylats, (nos der Hdschr. kann nur no es sein). In 83 [E].—Mussafia freilich nimmt 1980 die Form ohne e an.

97. no kann nicht n'o (habeo) sein, da dies nur he oder hay sein kann. Vielleicht ne he.

103. por 'Furcht'. || 104. —2 (vielleicht Axi aus der vorigen Zeile zu wiederholen). Gröber: Fassa uos paor.

141. +1. Entweder del taut oder .xxx. p. del ataut. Beide Formen kommen vor, s. Diez I ataud, Rocheg. atauc und tauc, sowie Raynouard.

143. -1. Hoc ist auffällig; denn nur als Bejahung hat es die volle Form, sonst o; habui kann es nicht sein, dies lautet hac. Entweder O he oder Yo he (hac) oder agui u. s. f.

147. Wenn man fer in fet ändert, wäre die Zeile dem Sinn nach richtig, aber um zwei Silben zu lang. Cauayll kann man schwer entbehren. Wegen pogra auer fet = agra pogut fer s. Diez Gramm, III³, 292 Anmerk.

149. +1 [E].

151. uenar kann nur 'rühmen' heissen, also uentar statt uantar. Cat. ist zwar nd = n, kaum nt.

171. sartra, prov. sartre, ncat. sastre, || paliter (?), vielleicht 'Maurer' von paleta 'Maurerkelle'.

174. pledes] nur so kann pled[=s] aufgelöst werden. Der 'Processführer' heisst (von plet) pledejaire oder pledejador, selbst pledejant, pledegista. Allein prov. auch plaides, das hier gemeint sein wird, daher so davor einzuschieben.

179. -1. meyns] me[=]ys, acat. (menys), nicht etwa in ncat. menos zu ändern. Es fehlt vielmehr die Negation: `Zudem, was <x>noch mehr</x> in Anschlag zu bringen ist, würdet ihr nie das dazu erforderliche Kapital auftreiben.

183. -1. || apregonar = span., prov. pregonar (Rochegude, fehlt Rayn.). || non] vielleicht nou statt no o.

204. [=qn] rendaras, sehr auffällig. Das Futur von rendir, das im Cat. in ganz beschränkter Bedeutung gebraucht wird, die hier nicht passt, könnte]* nur rendiras, höchstens renderas lauten; ein a ist unmöglich. Vielleicht si ne ren daras.

214. -1. || seus] se@ (?), vielleicht lo seu (das seinige, nämlich 'Gottes') oder res a. p. s. 'seinen Armen'.

260. Als Reimwort muss stehen eu (vielleicht tu e eu). Das t von tui geht mit dem untern Ende weit nach rechts, unter u hin; das i hat keinen i-Strich und ist höher als u.

278. penitencia ist 243. 291 fünfsilbig; man könnte qual lesen und eine Frage aus dem Satze machen.

300 f. Es fehlt ein Reimvers, und zwar wahrscheinlich zu gran, da carn mit amblar eher reimen kann.

321. Mongibel auf Sicilien (Aetna), in altfranz. Romanen ein Feenort. Hier 'Hölle' (?).

327. +1 (erstes on zu tilgen). || esalt, 3. Conj. Praes. von esaltar, asaltar (329) = prov. asautar, azautar, s. Diez Wtb. II. c. Hier hätten wir und zwar im Reim die Formen mit l, deren Existenz Diez bestreitet. Allein da das Prov. nie l hat und unser Text so spät ist, ist wohl l in calt als vocalisirt zu betrachten, so dass caut mit esaut reimt.

Anmerkung. R. Köhler, dem ich für seine gütige Mittheilung bestens danke, verweist mich wegen Z.321 auf Massmann in von der Hagen's Germania (Neues Jahrbuch der Berliner Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache und Alterthumskunde) VII, 243 f. und in seiner Ausgabe der Kaiserchronik III, 947—951 und auf A. Kaufmann, Cäsarius von Heisterbach (2. Aufl.), Köln 1862, S. 143—147.—Ein Testamentum asini ist gedruckt in Lambecii Comment. de bibl. vindob. II, 925, ein Testamentum porcelli hat Haupt im Berliner Index lectionum 1860 herausgegeben.

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