The Project Gutenberg eBook of Campanalogia This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. Title: Campanalogia or The art of ringing improved : with plain and easie rules to guide the practitioner in the ringing all kinds of changes, to which is added, great variety of new peals. Author: Fabian Stedman Release date: April 18, 2024 [eBook #73423] Language: English Original publication: London: W. Godbid, 1677 Credits: Richard Tonsing, Jonathan Ingram, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CAMPANALOGIA *** CAMPANALOGIA: _OR THE_ ART OF RINGING Improved. With plain and easie Rules to guide the Practitioner in the Ringing all kinds of _Changes_. TO Which is added, great variety of _NEW PEALS_. _LONDON_, Printed by _W. Godbid_, for _W.S._ and are to be sold by _Langley Curtis_ in Goat-Court on _Ludgate_-hill. 1677. [Illustration: [Fleuron]] TO _THE HONOURED_ AND TO _His much Esteemed_ FRIENDS, The Members of the Society of COLLEDG YOUTHS. _Gentlemen_, As your Society even _ab origine_ hath deservedly acquired an eminency in many respects above others of this kind; so more especially for the pregnancy of its Members in the composing of _Peals_. For when the Art of _Cross-pricking_ lay enveloped in such obscurity, that it was thought impossible that double Changes on five bells could be made to extend farther than _ten_, and triple and double Changes on six farther than _sixty_; then it was that a worthy and knowing Member of your Society, to dissipate those mists of Ignorance, and to usher in the bright morn of Knowledg, prickt those much applauded Peals of _Grandsire_ and _Grandsire Bob_; which for their excellency have for many years together continued triumphant in practice amidst all others whatsoever; and which indeed have been a great light in the production of that great variety of new Peals herein contained; the greatest part of which being also the offspring of your Society, I therefore thought fit to usher them into the world under the wings of your Protection. _Gentlemen_, as a member I held my self obliged to add my Mite to your full fraught Treasury of Speculative and Practical Knowledg of this kind; though I confess your acquisition on this account will be very mean, since my want of ability sufficient to undertake a thing of this nature, and also want of opportunity by converse with others to supply my own defects, have rendred the Book less acceptable than it might have been done by some more knowing head and acuter Pen. And although I am conscious that it meriteth not your acceptance; yet I assume the confidence to believe that you will favour it with a kind entertainment amongst you; and the rather, for that I know you are too judicious to sentence it without first casting into the ballance of your indifferent judgments some Grains of Allowance: The countenance you shew it will silence Detractors, and be Armour of proof against the fools bolts which may happen to be soon shot at the Author, who is _Gentlemen_, _A constant well-wisher to the Prosperity (though an unworthy member) of your Society_, F.S. _ERRATA._ _Courteous Reader_, _Some few faults have escaped the Press: as page 27 line the 4th, for_ grateful _read_ graceful. _page 31. line the 19th. for_ imitatieg _read_ imitating, _with some others, which you are desired either candidly to amend, or tasitly to pass over._ [Illustration: [Fleuron]] OF THE ART OF Changes. These clear dayes of Knowledge, that have ransackt the dark corners of most Arts and Sciences, and freed their hidden mysteries from the bonds of obscurity, have also registred this of _Ringing_, in the Catalogue of their Improvements; as well the Speculative as the Practick part, which of late years remain’d in _Embryo_, are now become perfect, and worthy the knowledge of the most ingenious. Although the Practick part of _Ringing_ is chiefly the subject of this Discourse, yet first I will speak something of the Art of _Changes_, its Invention being Mathematical, and produceth incredible effects, as hereafter will appear. But first, I will premise a word or two, to shew what the nature of those _Changes_ are. Some certain number of things are presupposed to be changed or varied; as 2.3.4.5.6. or any greater number whatsoever; then the number of things to be so varied must have the like number of fixed places assigned them. As if five men were sitting upon five stools in a row; the stools are supposed to be fixed places for the five men, but the men by consent may move or change to each others places at pleasure, yet still sitting in a row as at first: now this Art directs how, and in what order those five men may change places with each other, whereby they may sit sixscore times in a row, and not twice alike. And likewise a _Peal_ of five Bells, being raised up to a fit compass for ringing of _Changes_, are there supposed to have five fixed places, which time assigns to their notes or strokes; yet the notes of the Bells may change into each others places at pleasure: now this Art also directs the manner and method of changing the five notes in such sort, that they may strike sixscore times round, and not twice alike. The numbers of _Changes_ are thus to be discovered. _Two_ must first be admitted to be varied two wayes; then to find out the Changes in _three_, the Changes on two must be multiplied by three, and the product will be six, which are the compleat number of Changes on three. Those six Changes being multiplied by four, will produce 24, which are the compleat number of Changes on four. The 24 Changes on four, being multiplied by five, will produce 120, which are the compleat number of Changes on five. And in like manner the 120, being multiplied by six, will produce 720, which are the compleat number on six. The 720, being multiplied, by seven, will produce 5040, which are the number of Changes on seven. The 5040, being multiplied by eight, will produce 40320, which are the number of Changes on eight. Those Changes on eight, being multiplied by nine, will produce 362880, which are the number of Changes on nine. Those Changes on nine, being multiplied by ten, will produce 3628800, which are the number on ten. Those on ten, being multiplied by eleven, will produce 39916800, which are the number on eleven. Those also being multiplied by twelve, will produce 479001600, which are the compleat number of Changes on twelve. And if twelve men should attempt to ring all those Changes on twelve Bells, they could not effect it in less than seventy five years, twelve Lunar Months, one week, and three days, notwithstanding they ring without intermission, and after the proportion of 720 Changes every hour. Or if one man should attempt to prick them down upon Paper, he could not effect it in less than the aforesaid space. And 1440 being prickt in a sheet, they would take up six hundred sixty five Reams of Paper, and upwards, reckoning five hundred Sheets to a Ream; which Paper at five shillings the Ream, would cost one hundred sixty six Pounds five Shillings, The reason of the aforesaid Multiplication, by which the numbers of Changes are discovered, and also that those Products are the true numbers of Changes, will plainly and manifestly appear in these following Demonstrations. But first, _two_ must be admitted to be varied two ways, thus.—— │12 │21 And then consequently, _three_ will make three times as many Changes as _two_; for there are three times two figures to be produced out of three, and not twice two the same figures, which are to be produced by casting away each of the three figures one after another. First, cast away 3, and 1.2 will, remain; cast away 2, and 1.3 will remain; cast away 1, and 2.3 will remain. So that here are three times two figures produced out of the three, and not twice two the same figures, as 12. 13. 23. each two may be varied two ways, as before: then to the changes which each two makes add the third figure which is wanting; as to the two changes made by 1.2 add the 3, to the changes on 1.3 add the 2, and to the changes on 2.3 add the 1, and the three figures will stand six times together, and not twice alike, as here appeareth. │123 │213 │——— │132 │312 │——— │231 │321 │——— _Four_ will make four times as many changes as _three_. For there are four times three figures to be had out of four, and not twice three the same figures, which are to be produced by casting away each of the four figures by turns. First cast away 4, and 123 will remain; cast away 3, and 124 will remain; cast away 2, and 134 will remain; and lastly, casting away 1, and 234 will remain; so that here is 123, 124, 134, 234, and not twice three the same figures. Now each three may be varied six ways, according to the preceding Example. Then to the six changes which each three makes, add the fourth figure which is wanting; as to the six changes on 123 add the 4, to the six changes on 124 add the 3, to the six changes on 134 add the 2, and to the six changes on 234 add the 1, which renders the changes compleat; for then the four figures stand twenty four times together, and not twice alike, as here appears. │1234 │2134 │———— │1324 │3124 │———— │2314 │3214 │———— │1243 │2143 │———— │1423 │4123 │———— │2413 │4213 │———— │1342 │3142 │———— │1432 │4132 │———— │3412 │4312 │———— │2341 │3241 │———— │2431 │4231 │———— │3421 │4321 _Five_ will make five times as many changes as _four_; for there are five times four figures to be had out of five, and not twice four the same figures, which are to be produced as before, by casting away each of the five figures by turns. Cast away 5, and 1234 will remain; cast away way 4, and 1235 will remain; cast away 3, and 1245 will remain; cast away 2, and 1345 will remain; cast away 1, and 2345 will remain. So that here are five times four figures produced, and not twice four the same figures. Now each four may be varied twenty four ways, as in the preceding example; then to the twenty four changes which each four makes, add the fifth figure which is wanting: as to the twenty four changes on 1234, add the 5; to the twenty four changes on 1235, add the 4. to the changes on 1245, add 3. to the changes on 1345, add 2. and to the changes on 2345, add 1. which renders the changes compleat, for then the five figures stand sixscore times together, and not twice alike. 12345│12354│12453│13452│23451 21345│21354│21453│31452│32451 —————│—————│—————│—————│————— 13245│13254│14253│14352│24351 31245│31254│41253│41352│42351 —————│—————│—————│—————│————— 23145│23154│24153│34152│34251 32145│32154│42153│43152│43251 —————│—————│—————│—————│————— 12435│12534│12543│13542│23541 21435│21534│21543│31542│32541 —————│—————│—————│—————│————— 14235│15234│15243│15342│25341 41235│51234│51243│51342│52341 —————│—————│—————│—————│————— 24135│25134│25143│35142│35241 42135│52134│52143│53142│53241 —————│—————│—————│—————│————— 13425│13524│14523│14532│24531 31425│31524│41523│41532│42531 —————│—————│—————│—————│————— 14325│15324│15423│15432│25431 41325│51324│51423│51432│52431 —————│—————│—————│—————│————— 34125│35124│45123│45132│45231 43125│53124│54123│54132│54231 —————│—————│—————│—————│————— 23415│23514│24513│34512│34521 32415│32514│42513│43512│43521 —————│—————│—————│—————│————— 24315│25314│25413│35412│35421 42315│52314│52413│53412│53421 —————│—————│—————│—————│————— 34215│35214│45213│45312│45321 43215│53214│54213│54312│54321 —————│—————│—————│—————│————— And in this manner the compleat numbers of changes on six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, _&c._ may also be demonstrated. The numbers of changes will also plainly appear by the methods, whereby they are commonly prickt and rung. Now the nature of these methods is such, that the changes on one number comprehends the changes on all lesser numbers, and that so regularly, that the compleat number of changes on each lesser number are made in a most exact method within the greater; insomuch that a compleat Peal of changes on one number seemeth to be formed by uniting of the compleat Peals on all lesser numbers into one entire body; which will manifestly appear in the 479001600 changes on twelve: for that Peal comprehends the 39916800 changes on eleven; these likewise comprehend the 3628800 changes on ten, these changes on ten comprehend the 362880 on nine, these on nine comprehend the 40320 on eight, these on eight comprehend the 5040 on seven, these likewise the 720 on six, the 720 also comprehend the 120 on five, the 120 comprehend the 24 changes on four, these also comprehend the six changes on three, and the six comprehend the two changes on two. Each of these Peals (_viz._) on eleven, ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five, four, three, and two, being made in a most exact method within the changes on twelve. For Example, _two_ are first admitted to be varied two ways, thus—— │12 │21 Now the figure 3 being hunted through each of those two changes, will produce the six changes on three. The term _Hunt_, is given to a Bell to express its motion in Ringing, which in figures is after this manner. It must lie behind, betwixt, and before the two figures: first behind them thus, 1 2 3; then betwixt them, thus, 1 3 2; now before them, thus, 3 1 2: this is called a _hunting_ motion, and here it has hunted through the first change of the two, wherein it made three variations, as appears in the figures, standing thus in order.—— │123 │132 │312 Now it must hunt through the other change, which is 2 1, in the same manner as before; that is, first it must lie before, then betwixt the two figures, then behind them, thus, 321, 231, 213. Here it has hunted through again, wherein it made three more variations; which three being set directly under the former, the six variations will then plainly appear, as in these figures: where the three figures stand six times together, and not twice alike. │123 │132 │312 │321 │231 │213 Now the figure 4 being in like manner hunted through each of those six changes, will produce the 24 changes on four. First, therefore it must hunt through the first, which is 123, letter (_a_), then through the second change of the six, which is 132, letter (_b_); then through the third, which is 312, letter (_c_), and so it being hunted through the rest of the changes likewise, will produce the twenty four changes on four. (_a_)│1234 „ │1243 „ │1423 „ │4123 │ (_b_)│4132 „ │1432 „ │1342 „ │1324 │ (_c_)│3124 „ │3142 „ │3412 „ │4312 The figure 5 being hunted through each of those twenty four changes, will produce the 120 changes on five, First therefore it must hunt through the first, which is 1234, letter (_a_); then through the second, which is 1243, letter (_b_); then also through the third, which is 1423, letter (_c_). In which manner it being hunted through the rest of the twenty four changes, will produce the 120 on five. And then the figure 6 being hunted through each of those sixscore changes will produce the 720 changes on six. And the figure 7 being hunted through each of those 720 changes, will produce the 5040. In which manner also the eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth, being successively hunted through each Peal in the aforesaid order, will at length produce the compleat number of changes on twelve. Wherein ’tis observable, that all the figures, except two, have a hunting motion; which two may properly be term’d the Center, about which the rest do circulate. By these methods it is evident, that every hunting figure hath a certain number of figures assigned, through which tis constantly to hunt: as in the aforesaid Example on twelve, where the 1.2 are assigned for the figure 3 to hunt through, as appears in the six changes before. And in like manner, 123 are assigned for the figure 4 to hunt through; 1234 are assigned for the figure 5 to hunt through; 12345 for 6 to hunt through, _&c._ Now the figure 3 hunts as many times through the 1.2. as those two make changes, that is, two times wherein it makes twice three changes, that is, six, as before appeareth. The figure 4 hunts as many times through the 123, as those three figures make changes, that is, six times; wherein it makes six times four changes, which amounts to twenty four. The figure 5 hunteth as many times through the 1234, as those four figures make changes, that is, twenty four times; wherein it makes twenty four times five changes, which amounts to 120. The figure 6 hunts as many times through the 12345, as those five make changes, that is 120 times, wherein it maketh 120 times six changes, which amounts to 720. And in like manner the figure 7 hunts 720 times through 123456, wherein it maketh 720 times seven changes, which amounts to 5040. The eighth hunteth 5040 times through 1234567, wherein it makes 40320 changes. The 9^{th} hunteth 40320 times through 12345678, wherein it makes 362880 changes. The tenth hunteth 362880 times through 123456789, wherein it makes 3628800. The eleventh hunteth 3628800 times through 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10. wherein it makes 39916800. And lastly, the twelfth hunteth 39916800 times through 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11. wherein it makes 39916800 times twelve changes, which amounts to 479001600, being the compleat number on twelve. By which ’tis evident, that every hunting figure hunts as many times through its assigned number of figures, as those figures are capable of making changes, which in short comprehends the summe and substance of this method, which is universal from two, to all greater numbers whatsoever. (_a_)│12345 „ │12354 „ │12534 „ │15234 „ │51234 │ (_b_)│51243 „ │15243 „ │12543 „ │12453 „ │12435 │ (_c_)│14235 „ │14253 „ │14523 „ │15423 „ │51423 If we consider the multitude of different words, wherewith we express our selves in Speech, it may be thought almost impossible that such numbers should arise out of twenty four Letters; yet this Art of variation will produce much more incredible effects. To give an instance thereof, I will shew the numbers of every quantity of Letters from two to twelve, that may be produced out of the Alphabet. The generality of Words consisting of these quantities, (_viz._) two letters, three letters, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, and twelve letters. There are 10626 times four letters to be produced out of the twenty four letters of the Alphabet, and not twice four all the same Letters. There are likewise 42504 times five letters, 134596 times six letters, 346104 times seven, 735471 times eight, 1307504 times nine, 1961256 times ten, 2496144 times eleven, and 2704156 times twelve. Now each quantity being varied by the rules of this Art, will produce incredible numbers. First the 10626 times four letters, being multiplied by 24, which are the number of ways to vary each four letters, will produce 255024 that is to say, four letters may be produced out of the Alphabet to stand together after this manner (_a b c d_) two hundred fifty five thousand and twenty four times, and not twice alike. And in like manner, the 42504 times five Letters, being multiplied by 120, which are the number of ways to vary each five, will produce 5100480. The 134596 times six letters, being also multiplied by 720, will produce 96909120. The 346104, being multiplied by 5040, will produce 1744364160. The 735471, being multiplied by 40320, will produce 29654190720. The 1307504, being multiplied by 362880, will produce 474467051520. The 1961256, being multiplied by 3628800, will produce 7117005772800. The 2496144, being multiplied by 39916800, will produce 99638080819200. And lastly, the 2704156 time twelve letters, being multiplied by 479001600, will produce 1295295050649600, which products being all added together, as also 12696 which are the numbers consisting of two and three letters, the whole will amount to 1402556105125320, wherein there are not two alike, nor two letters of one sort in any one of them; which being written or printed on large Paper in _folio_, allowing 5000 to a sheet, they would take up 561022442 Reams of Paper and upwards, reckoning 500 sheets to a Ream: which Paper all the Houses in the City and Liberties of _London_ would not contain; and in quantity doubtless infinitely exceeds all the Books that ever were printed in the world, reckoning only one of each Impression. And at the rate of five shillings the Ream, the Paper would cost 140255610.5 Pounds sterling; which is above four times as much as the yearly Rent of all the Lands and Houses in _England_ amounts to. And all the people both young and old in the City and Suburbs of _London_ (admitting they are five hundred thousand) could not speak the like numbers of words under forty years and upwards, each of them speaking 15000 every hour, and twelve hours every day. These prodigious numbers are the more to be admired, considering that the greatest number of letters in any of them, exceeds not twelve, neither are two letters of one sort in any one of them: but by producing and varying all the greater quantities, and placing two or more letters of one sort, or two of one sort and two of another, with all variety of the like nature that commonly happens in words, the numbers arising thereby would infinitely exceed the former; And if all the numbers of every quantity of letters from one to twenty four, together with all the variety as aforesaid, were methodically drawn out and varied according to the rules of this Art; which might easily be performed in respect of the plain and practical method of doing it; but the infinite numbers of them would not permit a Million of men to effect it in some thousands of years: it would be evident, that there is no word or syllable in any language or speech in the world, which can be exprest with the character of our _Alphabet_, but might be found _literatim_ and entire therein; and more by many thousands of Millions than can be pronounced, or that ever were yet made use of in any language. I will here give one instance of another kind, shewing the admirable effects of this Art, and so conclude. A man having twenty Horses, contracts with a Brick-maker to give him one hundred pound Sterling; conditionally that the Brick-maker will deliver him as many Loads of Bricks, as there are several Teams of six Horses to be produced out of the aforesaid twenty to fetch them, and not one Team or Sett of six Horses to fetch two Loads. The Brick-maker might be thought to have made a very advantageous bargain, but the contrary will appear. For there are thirty eight thousand seven hundred and sixty several Teams of six Horses, to be produced out of twenty, and not twice six the same Horses; then the Brick-maker must deliver as many Loads as there are Teams, and each Load consisting of five hundred Bricks, the whole would amount to 19380000, which being bought for one hundred pounds as aforesaid, would not cost above five Farthings a thousand; and at the rate of thirteen shillings and four pence the thousand, they amount to twelve thousand nine hundred and twenty pounds Sterling. But should a contract be made with the Brick-maker to deliver as many Loads of Bricks, as there are Teams of six Horses in each, to be produced out of the aforesaid twenty, which shall stand in the Cart in a differing manner; that is to say, although there may be the same Horses in several Teams, yet their places shall be so changed, that they shall not stand twice alike in any two Teams. On this account the Brick-maker must deliver seven hundred and twenty times as many as before; for there are 38760 several Teams as before I have shewed: then each Team may be placed 720 ways in the Cart, and not twice alike, which is to be done according to the methods whereby the 720 changes on six Bells are rung. So that 38760, which are the number of Teams, multiplied by 720, which are the number of ways to vary the six Horses in each Team, the product will be 27907200, which are the compleat number of Teams; and every Team carrying one Load, consisting of five hundred Bricks, the Whole will amount to 13953600000 Bricks. And after the proportion of a hundred and fifty thousand of Bricks to a House, they would build ninety three thousand and twenty four Houses; which are above six times as many as the late dreadful fire in _London_ consumed. And at the rate of thirteen shillings and four pence the thousand, they are worth 6976800 pounds Sterling, which is at least four hundred Waggon-loads of money, as much as five Horses can ordinarily draw. [Illustration: [Fleuron]] AN INTRODUCTION To the Practice of RINGING As the original design of casting Peals of Bells was in order to make pleasant Musick thereon; so the Notes in every Peal are formed apt for that end and purpose, every Peal of Bells being tun’d according to the principles of Musick; for in a Peal of six Bells are the six plain Song-Notes, whereupon all Musick consists, namely, _la sol fa mi re ut_. But in regard that in ringing of them the Notes cannot be had at command, as the Notes of other Instruments may; therefore, as the Practitioners in ancient time found some necessity to cause all the Notes to strike successively after one another, so likewise they thought fit in ringing them to place the Notes in this following order. The least note to lead or strike first, then the Note which is the next degree deeper or flatter, and so the rest of the notes to strike after each other according to their degrees, the flattest striking last; in which order the notes were successively reiterated both at fore-stroke and back-stroke, from the beginning to the end of each Peal. And at this day the same order is also observed in raising, ceasing, and ringing them at a low compass; wherein each note being confin’d to strike in a certain place, therefore had they their terms of First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, _&c._ given them, to denote their order and places of striking; from whence also the Bells derive those terms of distinction by which they are now known. Although the ringing of a Peal of Bells in the aforesaid order, (which is commonly term’d _Round-ringing_) is in it self Musical; yet the Notes may be so placed in ringing, that their Musick may be rendred much more pleasant: for in Musick there are Concords, which indeed may be term’d the very life and soul of it, that renders all Musick exceeding pleasant: the principal are Thirds, Fifths, and Eights; Thirds are 1 3. 2 4. and such like: Fifths are 1 5. 2 6. _&c._ Eights are 1 8. 2 9. 3 10. _&c._ each Concord consisting of two notes. They may well be termed Concords, in respect of their agreement and harmony; for the two notes (as if it were by mutual consent) being struck together at one instant, or else immediately after one another, affords delightful melody to the ear; in which respect, a peal of five Bells are capable of making better Musick than a peal of four; six better than five; and more especially will ten or twelve make more excellent Musick than any lesser numbers can possibly do, there being greater variety of Concords therein, and especially of Eights. For this Musical end were changes on Bells first practised, _changes_ being nothing else but a moving and placing of the Notes in ringing, whereby variety of pleasant Musick is made; and as the manner of moving the notes, is, for two notes to change places with each other, therefore are they called _Changes_. The methods of changes being somewhat intricate, I have therefore penn’d the following Treatise as a Clue to guide the Practitioner through the Labirinth of them, wherein I have made use of figures to represent the notes of Bells, the manner thus. In a peal of five Bells there are five several notes, which with figures are thus exprest, 1 2 3 4 5: the figure 1 represents the least or sharpest note, which is term’d the First, because its place in round ringing is to lead; this note is most commonly called the _Treble_. The figure 2 represents the note which is the next degree deeper or flatter, and is term’d the Second, because it strikes in the second place. And in like manner 3 represents the note of the third Bell, 4 the note of the fourth Bell, and 5 the note of the Fifth or Tennor. In which manner, the figures in all the following methods do likewise represent the notes of Bells. Since the ringing of changes requires the peal of Bells, on which the changes are to be rung, to be first raised up to a set Pull, which compass is most proper for the ringing of them; therefore the Learners first practice must be to raise a Bell true in peal, to ring it at a low compass, and also to cease it true in peal, wherein consists the chief grounds of this Art, which depends on the Ear, and therefore much judgment is required therein. And to speak the truth, most practitioners are in these days somewhat deficient herein; the ringing of changes having generally diverted the Learners fancy from the practice of _raising_, _round-ringing_, and _ceasing_, by which means we have in a manner lost one Excellency in the pursuit of another. Therefore I could wish that the Practitioners of this Art would set a greater esteem on true Ringing in general, since the only excellency as well in the ringing of Changes as Rounds, depends thereon: the keeping of time being as essential to render all kinds of ringing pleasant to the ear, as ’tis to render any other kind of Musick; therefore the practitioner ought to have a Musical eare, and to have some judgment in beating time, without which he can never ring his Bell true in its place. A prospect of true ringing at any certain compass under the Sett, may thus be taken; for Instance, in ringing a peal of 5 Bells; from the fore-stroke of every note to the next fore-stroke of the same note, there ought to be eleven _punctums_ or Beats of time, which are all supposed to stand at Æquidistances: now in ten of these _punctums_, the five notes ought exactly to strike at the fore-stroke and back-stroke, and the eleventh stands as a Cypher to guide the Treble-note at fore-stroke to a double proportion of time from the Tennor-note at back-stroke: which blank _punctum_ must also be beaten in the same place by every note, to render its fore-stroke answerable to that of the Treble. For example; the third note having struck at fore-stroke, it must beat eleven _punctums_ of equidistance unto its striking there again. The first _punctum_ is that of the 4^{th} note, the second 5, the third 1, the fourth 2, the fifth 3, the sixth 4, the seventh 5, the eighth 0, the ninth 1, the tenth 2, the eleventh its own place of striking again at fore-stroke. These _punctums_ or Beats of time, must be proportioned either wider or closer, according to the compass of the Treble: therefore first the Treble must fix its compass certain and true at fore-stroke, which ought to be proportionate to what the number of the notes, and compass of the peal of Bells, may according to judgment permit; and then from one fore-stroke of it to the next, if there are five notes; there ought to be eleven _punctums_ of equidistance assigned, wherein the notes should exactly strike (except the blank) as before. From hence ’tis, that the most judicious Ringer ought to be put to the Treble; for that bell cannot possibly be rung true by any other means than by beating of its own time; and although the exactness of true ringing requires the like in every note, when once the compass is fixed, yet the leading note being rung true, may be a guide to the rest of the notes, which may tolerably take their measures of time from the Treble-note: but for every note to take its measure of time solely from the next preceding note, must needs be very erronious; for thereby they implicitely lead one another out of the way. Or else in the ringing of five bells, from the fore-stroke of every note to the next fore-stroke of the same note, there may be one and twenty _punctums_ or beats of time assigned, to stand at equidistances; and the five notes, as they follow one another, at the fore-stroke and back-stroke to strike in every second _punctum_, except the Treble-note at fore-stroke, which must strike in the third _punctum_ from the Tenor at back-stroke; so that then there will be two of those spaces betwixt every note, and three betwixt the note of the Tenor at back-stroke and the note of the Treble at fore-stroke, which possibly by some may be held a better compass than the former: but _quot homines tot sententiæ_. Every Practitioner, that has judgment to beat his own time, has the advantage of ringing his bell true, whilst the rest of the notes commit faults; for the compass being once fixed, as many bells as do either rise or fall from thence commit errors. The truest way of raising a peal of bells according to the best of modern practice, is, as quick as may be; every Ringer taking assistance to raise his bell, according as the going of it requires. In raising of them, the lesser bells as the Treble _&c._ ought at the first pull to be swayed very deep, and held down in the sway by strength of armes as much as may be, to delay the time of their first striking, by which means the bigger bells, which carry a large compass, may have space to come in; and the raising of the smaller bells to be continued with a strong pull, giving them scope over head (for the aforesaid reason) untill they come up Frame-high, or thereabouts, and then the pull to be slacken’d, and the bells leisurely to be raised to the intended height or pitch. The bigger bells of the peal, as the Tenor _&c._ must in their first raising be checkt or pinch’d over head, by which means the notes of all the bells may be made to strike round in their due place and order from the beginning; and observe, that at the first pull all the bells must follow one another as close as may be. A peal of bells may thus be ceased: the falling of the bells from a Sett-pull must gradually be done, by checking them only at Sally, until the low compass renders the Sally useless; and when they are ceased so low, that they scarce strike at back-stroke for want of compass: then he that rings the Treble, may give notice (by stamping on the ground) that the next time the bells come to strike at the fore-stroke, they may be checkt down so low as to cease their striking at the back-stroke, yet their striking round at the fore-stroke may be continued, until they are brought into a chime, which is a graceful conclusion of a peal. In raising of a peal of bells, all the notes ought to strike round at one pull: but mistake me not, I do not mean at the first pull; for at small bells ’tis usual to sway them all round at the first pull without striking; at the second pull to strike them at the fore-stroke, and at the third pull at back-stroke. In raising of a peal of more weighty bells, ’tis usual to strike them double at the fourth pull, because the extraordinary weight and large compass of the hind-bells permits it not to be done sooner. In the first raising of a peal of bells, one bell ought not to strike before the rest, or to miss striking when the rest go round: neither ought any bell in ceasing to strike after the rest, or to leave striking before the rest; all which, according to the strictness of true ringing, are accounted great faults. The peal of bells on which the changes are to be rung, must first be raised up to a Sett-pull, which compass is most proper for the ringing of changes; for then the notes of the bells may be had at command. Therefore before the young Practitioner can be capable of ringing changes, he must be extraordinary well skill’d in the managing of a bell at a Sett-pull, which is absolutely requisite, for this reason: In the ringing of changes, his mind will be so busied and wholly taken up with the consideration of the course and method of them, and his eye continually wandring about to direct his pull in the following of the other bells; that unless he has extraordinary skill in the managing of his own bell, and can set it in a manner hood-winkt, he will be apt either to drop or overturn it; or else on the other hand, for want of skill, his eye and mind will be so fixed on his own rope and bell to guide the managing of it, that he cannot at the same time mind the course of the changes, and then no wonder if he is in a wood, which consequently follows; and indeed hence partly ’tis, that the Learners in their first practice do oftentimes toil and moil themselves to so little purpose. Therefore ’tis not enough that the young Practitioner can set a bell it may be half a score times together, when ’tis an even wager that he either drops or overturns it in those ten-pulls: but he must be so perfectly skill’d, as that he might adventure to lay ten to one, that he can set it thirty or forty times together, both fore-stroke and back-stroke, without dropping or overturning it, and without looking directly either on his hands or rope whilst he sets it. Therefore in his practice of setting a bell, he may cast his eye about on the other bell-ropes whilst he manageth his bell, whereby he may accustom himself to manage it as the ringing of changes requires. The ringing of changes is performed, partly by the ear, and partly by the eye; the ear informs when to make a change, the eye directs the pull in the making of it, but then again the ear guides the striking of the note true in its place according to time. So that the ear and eye have each of them its proper object in the ringing of changes, and therefore ought at the same time to be absolutely free from all others whatsoever, the notes of the bells being the object of the ear, and the bell-ropes the object of the eye. Now these two Senses in the time of ringing do each of them thus perform its office. First, the ear, as a Sentinel, discovers the near approaching change, and also the place wherein his note lies, that is, whether before or behind the note wherewith ’tis to make a change, and gives present information to the eye, to perform its part accordingly in the making of it; but then again the eye refers it to the ear, to place the note true in striking. But questionless (by the bie) the truest ringing of changes is to be performed only by the ear; but then the Practitioners must be capable to judg of time, and to beat it true, which must be the only direction to guide their pull; and then it must be performed at a peal of bells that may be managed with ease: and being so fitted in all respects, the changes may doubtless be rung more true, with greater pleasure to the Practitioners, and much more free from mistakes and forgets, only by the ear, than by making use of the eye to direct their pull. But in regard that either the ill going of the bells, or want of fit accomplishments in the practitioners, may render it unfit for common practice; therefore the surest way is to ring both by the eye and ear, as I said before. Now to render the eye and ear rightly useful in the ringing of changes, five things ought by the young Practitioner to be well understood. First, he must be able to distinguish the notes of a peal of bells, and to know one from another in the time of ringing. Secondly, he must apprehend the places of the notes. Thirdly, the precedency of notes. Fourthly, the manner of making a change in ringing. Fifthly, a general prospect of the manner of putting the four preceding notions into practice. _Observation 1._ The Learner must be able to distinguish the notes of a peal of bells one from another, and to know them asunder; as the Treble-note from the Second, the Second from the Third, _&c._ which, tis true, may readily be done in round ringing, because each note may be known by the place wherein it constantly strikes; but in ringing of changes it is more difficult. For admitting that six bells should strike in this order, 5.3.6.1.4.2. it might puzzle an unskilful ear to judg which is the Treble, or which the Second note, especially whilst any other note strikes betwixt them: and the like difficulty might happen in distinguishing the rest of the notes, as the _2d_ from the _3d_, _&c._ To remove this difficulty, he must endeavour to acquire some skill in tuning the notes of a peal of bells, with his voice, which he may do by imitating the notes of the bells when he hears them ring: or else any person that has skill in singing, will presently direct him therein, and also how to take the true pitch of any notes with his voice, which will be the only means to distinguish them asunder. ┌──┬──┐ │ 1│2 │ ├─┬┴┬─┤ │3│4│5│ └─┴─┴─┘ _Observ. 2d._ The Learner must rightly apprehend the places of the notes, which I think cannot better be done than by this means. Considering that the notes of a peal of bells do all strike one after another at the fore-stroke, and the like at back-stroke; it might be requisite for him to imagine, that the notes in their striking do lie in a direct line, that is, in a row at the fore-stroke, and the like again at back-stroke; for then the places of the notes will much resemble the places of the figures wherewith the changes are prickt: for as the figures of every change do all stand in a row; so likewise the notes of the bells, being imagined to strike in the like row, he may the more readily apprehend the places of the notes, and consequently of changing them. For the practick part of this Art, is performed by means of imaginary, not real notions; which will thus manifestly appear. This is the platform of a Frame, wherein five bells may be supposed to hang in a Steeple, the figures therein representing the places wherein the five bells hang. Now in the sixscore changes on five bells, we will suppose the Treble to be the whole Hunt, and to hunt up first over the Second, then over the Third, _&c._ Now the Treble cannot really move out of the place wherein it hangs; but by delaying its striking untill the Second Bell has struck, it may by that means strike next after it; and again, by delaying its striking until the Third has struck; it may also strike next after that, this being the true manner of the changes; by which ’tis evident, that the bells have neither really such places nor motion as is pretended, but is meerly imaginary, and was at first feigned only as a Guide to direct the Practitioner’s apprehension in the ringing of them. So that although the art of changes is in it self a real thing, yet the notions by which they are reduced to practice on bells, are not so. For which reason, the several practitioners of this Art, before they can become expert, are fain to form in their minds imaginary notions to guide them; some after one manner, some perhaps after another, according to their several fancies, yet all tending, to render the methods of changes practicable on bells; and having once form’d in their minds such imaginary helps, they become expert in short time: and then no sooner do they understand the methods of changes prickt with figures, which they commonly discover at first view; but they are presently capable of ringing them readily on bells, which experience daily testifies. And hence it is, that oftentimes the Learners, although they perfectly understand the methods of changes prickt, and also can perfectly manage a Bell; yet for want of a right apprehension of the nature of changing the notes, which of themselves it may be they cannot soon attain, are therefore much puzzled in their first practice of ringing changes. Therefore as a guide, the Learner must first form in his mind a fit representation of the places of the notes; which I think cannot better be done, than by imagining each note to be a figure; as the Treble-note to be the figure 1, the second note the figure 2, the third note the figure 3, and the like of the rest. Then whensoever he hears a peal of bells ring, let him by strength of imagination conceit, that each note bears the shape of a figure; that is, at the same instant of time that the note strikes, he may imagine that it leaves the impression of the figure behind it, and that with the eye of his imagination he perfectly sees it: and likewise as the notes of the bells do all strike after one another at the fore-stroke, so he may imagine that they lie in a row in the shape of figures; and the like again at back-stroke. For instance: suppose that five Muskets were charged with five bullets, and that each bullet bears the shape of a figure; one Gun to be charged with the figure 1, another with the figure 2, and the other three Guns with these three figures, 3. 4. 5. Then supposing a straight line were drawn upon the wall, thus —————————— and that the five Muskets were by five men levell’d against the line, which is to be the mark for them to shoot at; the figure 1 to be first shot off, then the figure 2, and so the rest in order immediately after one another: now at the same instant of time that the Guns are heard to go off, the five figures would appear in a row upon the wall, thus. [Illustration: –1–2–3–4–5–] So in like manner when he hears a peal of five bells strike after one another at the fore-stroke, and again at back-stroke, he may imagine that at the very instant of their striking their notes appear to his apprehension in the shape of the five figures, and that they strike in a row, thus, 1 2 3 4 5, as if each Bell were a Gun, and had shot out its note in the shape of a figure. There being necessity that the young Practitioner must either imagine each note to be a real figure, or else a representative: for as the ear is to be his guide to direct when to make each change; so a right apprehension of the motion and places of the notes, must be a means to guide his ear. Now in regard that the changes are first prickt with figures, from whence the notes of the bells derive their course, therefore if in ringing he imagine each note to be a real figure, then the same knowledge that guides the pricking, guides also as readily the ringing of them, for then the note of his bell is supposed to have the same course with that of a real figure. But if he imagines that each note is not a real, but a representative of a figure; then consequently it must only have the like, and not the same course: by which means, whilst he is ringing of changes, his mind must have frequent recourse to his Pocket, that is, to the changes there prickt; from whence he must continually fetch instructions to direct the course of his Bell, which is oftentimes the case of the Learner: his thoughts in the time of ringing being commonly upon the figures that are prickt, either upon paper, or else upon the Steeple-wall, whilst it should be wholly intent upon the notes. Therefore in a word, the Practitioner whilst he is ringing of changes, must fix his mind fully and wholly upon the notes of the bells, and not permit it in the least to wander from thence; for the notes are to be the sole object of the thoughts in the time of ringing. The notes being imagined to strike in a row as aforesaid, their places will then soon be understood. The notes do take their places according to their successive order of striking both at fore-stroke and back-stroke; each succeeding note taking its place next to that which preceds it: for whatsoever bell leads either at fore-stroke or at back-stroke, its note lieth in the first place of the supposed row of notes; and that which strikes next after the leading note, its note lieth in the second place of the supposed row of notes, and so the rest in the like order. As if five bells should strike thus after one another either of fore-stroke or back-stroke, 5 4 1 2 3. here the _5th_ lieth in the first place, because it was first struck; the _4th_ in the second place, because it was second struck; the Treble in the third place, because it was third struck; the _2d_ in the fourth place, because it was fourth struck; and the _3d_ in the last place, because it was last struck; and the like of the notes in every change. _Observ. 3._ The next thing to be understood by the Learner, is the precedency of the notes. Now whereas in the ringing of changes, the notes do all strike after one another at the fore-stroke, and again at the back-stroke, therefore are they said to lie before or behind each other, according to their places of striking. As if five men were standing in a row, as these five figures represent, 1 2 3 4 5, the first man to stand at the fig. 1, the second man at the figure 2, _&c._ and that they stand with their faces all one way, that is, the first man ready to lead, and the rest to follow him one behind another. Now the first man stands before the rest, and the fifth man behind the rest; the second man stands behind the first man, but before the third; the third man stands behind the second, but before the fourth; and the fourth stands behind the third, but before the fifth. In which manner the notes being supposed to strike in the like row, may also be laid to lie before or behind each other as the men did. For whatsoever note leads either at fore-stroke or back-stroke, is said to lie before the rest; and that which strikes last, to strike behind the rest. The note which lieth in the second place, as on the one hand it lieth behind the leading note, so on the other hand it lieth before the note in the third place. As the note in the third place lieth behind the note in the second place, so it lieth before the note in the fourth place. And in like manner, every note is said to lie behind those that strike before it, and before those that strike after it. _Observ. 4._ A Change is to be made betwixt two notes, by moving them into each others places; wherein ’tis to be observed as a general Rule, That every change must be made betwixt two notes that strike next to each other. As if five bells were ringing round in this order, 12345, the 1 and 2 may make a change, or 2 and 3, or likewise 3 and 4, or 4 and 5, because each two lie next each other; but the 1 and 3 cannot, because 2 strikes between them, much less may 1 and 4, _&c._ The two notes which make every change, moves into each others places in the making of it; wherein one note is said to move _up_, and the other _down_. The reason why one of them is said to move up, is, because he that rings that bell, in the making of the change must hold it up at the Sett a little longer than ordinary, to delay its striking, whereby ’tis made to follow the other note which before it preceded; and because ’tis so held up, therefore ’tis said to make an _Up-change_, or to move up: and on the contrary, the reason why the other note is said to move down, is, because he that rings it, pulls down the bell a little sooner than ordinary, to make it strike before the note which before it followed; and because ’tis so pulled down, therefore it is said to make a _Down-change_, or to move down. I will here give a short though certain rule to know when an Up-change or a Down-change is to be made: whensoever any note moves to strike behind the note wherewith it makes a change, it makes an up-change in doing it; and whensoever it moves to strike before the note, which ’tis to make a change with, it makes a down-change in doing it: so that every note which moves fromward the leading-note, makes an up-change; and when it moves toward the leading-note, it makes a down-change. I will here shew the manner of making a change: admitting that a peal of five bells were raised to a sett-pull, which is the usual compass for ringing of changes; the notes are first supposed to strike in this order, 12345. Now a change may be made betwixt any two notes that strike next each other; I will here make it betwixt the 3d. and 4th. which is to be done by moving them into each others’ places. Now ’tis observable, that before the making of the change, the 3d. note lies before the 4th. that is, it strikes next before the 4th; and the 4th. lies behind the 3d. that is, it strikes behind it: now in the making of the change, the 3d. must move to strike behind the 4th: wherein it makes an up-change; and the 4th. note at the same time must move to strike before the 3d. wherein it makes a down-change; the change being made, the bells will strike thus, 12435. All changes whatsoever are made in the aforesaid manner: for as the _3d_ note made an up-change in moving to strike behind the _4th_, and the _4th_ at the same time a down-change in moving to strike before the _3d_; so in like manner the two notes that make every change, must in the making of it move the one up, and the other down, as the _3d_ and _4th_ here has done. The Learner may take notice, that in ringing termes ’tis not usual to say, that a bell makes an up-change, or a down-change; but in short, that it _moves up_ or _down_, which implies the former. When a note makes an up-change, ’tis then said to move _over_ the other note; and when it makes a down-change, to move _under_ it: as in the next preceding example, where the _3d_ note is said to move up over the _4th_, and the _4th_ down under the _3d_, in which manner the terms _over_ and _under_ are given to the two notes that make every change. _Observ. 5._ In the time of ringing changes, two things are by the Practitioners to be well considered. First, to observe and readily to know, which two bells are always to make the next succeeding change: Secondly, if he is concern’d therein, to consider what bell he is to follow in the making of it. Upon a right knowledge of these two things, depends the Practick part of this Art. To make him expert herein, he must before hand perfectly understand, and readily remember the course and method of the changes prickt with figures, wherein he ought to be so well skill’d, as to be able to prick them down divers ways, that is, to make any figure a Hunt at pleasure; which when he can readily and speedily do, without pausing to consider of the course, then ’tis presumed that he understands the methods throughly. But yet he will not be capable to put them in practice, untill he understands the manner of making a change in ringing; neither can he understand that, until he understands the precedency of the notes; nor the precedency, until he understands the places; nor the places, until he knows the notes one from another. Therefore the four preceding observations being first perfectly understood, and also the methods of the changes as before; the Practitioner may then successfully proceed in the ringing of changes; and as a further help therein I will here instruct him. There are three bells concern’d in the making of every single change, except only when ’tis made behind, and then but two: whensoever the note of his bell is to make a change with any other note, his ear must then inform him whether it lies before or behind the other note; if it lies before, then in making the change it must move up behind it, that is, to follow it; and consequently, he must draw down his bell next after that which he makes a change with, which is called an up-change, as I said before. But if the note of his bell lies behind the other, then in making of the change it must move down to strike before it, and consequently he must draw down his bell next after that which the other before followed, this being a down-change. So that the making of an up-change is very easie, because he must always follow that bell which he makes a change with; but a down-change is more difficult, because he cannot so readily apprehend what bell he is to follow; yet there is a certain rule for it, which is this: to observe beforehand what note strikes the next but one before his, which bell he must follow in the making of the change. Whensoever the two notes, which strike next before his note, are to make a change; he must consider, that notwithstanding his note is to lie still in its place, yet he is concern’d therein, because the bell which he followed before the making of the change, must in the making of it move away down, and therefore he must follow the bell that comes into its place. The changes are to be rung, either by _walking_ them, as the term is; or else Whole-pulls, or Half-pulls. By _walking_ them, is meant, that the bells go round four, six, eight times or more in one change; which way is very proper for young Practitioners, to introduce them into a more ready way of Practice; for whilst the bells go round divers times in one change, they have in the mean time leisure to consider which two bells are to make the next following change, and also what bell each of them is to follow in the making of it; and so by diligence in practice they will by degrees acquire a more ready skill to enable them to ring at whole-pulls. Whole-pulls, is, when the bells go round at the fore-stroke and back-stroke in a change; and every time they are pull’d down at Sally, a new change is made. Whole-pulls was the general practice in former times; and indeed, considering the manner of the hanging of the bells in those days, they could not well be rung at half-pulls: but since the improvement of the Art of Bell-hanging, that is, with round Wheels, trussing them up in the Stock, and placing the Roll at right Angles with the Sole of the Wheel; the bells go much better, and are managed with more ease at a Sett-pull than formerly: therefore the changes are now generally rung at half-pulls, that is, at the fore-stroke one change, at the back-stroke another, and so throughout. In ringing half-pulls, some peals of changes will cut compass, wherein the whole Hunt comes always to lead at the back-stroke; to prevent which, make the first change of the peal at the back-stroke. In plain and single changes on six bells, to hunt (that is, whole Hunt) the Treble, third, or fifth, down at the beginning of a peal cuts compass, unless prevented as before. Also to hunt the second, fourth, or sixth up at the beginning of a peal, cuts compass, unless prevented as before. Which rules, leaving out the Tenor, serves in like manner to prevent cutting compass on five bells. ’Tis convenient in ringing, to give notice of the extream changes, and he that rings the slowest Hunt, may best do it. The manner of it is, to say _Extream_, when the leading bell is pulling down, in order to make the change next before the extream; by which means there will be one compleat change betwixt the warning and the extream: longer warning would be too much, and shorter too little. The divers kinds of changes on Bells may be comprehended under two heads, _viz._ Plain Changes, and Cross Peals, which terms are comparatively given: for as the first are plain and easie only in comparison to the methods of the second; so consequently the second cross and intricate in comparison to the methods of the first. I will first shew in what respect they differ, and then proceed to the methods. Plain changes (I mean compleat peals) are such as have one universal method, wherein all the notes except three have a direct hunting course, moving gradually under each other in one plain and uniform order. But the methods of cross peals are various, each peal having a course differing from all others: and although most of them have Hunts, yet the Hunts have different kinds of motions, and some very intricate. Moreover plain changes are also term’d Single changes, because in the ringing of them there is only a single change made in the striking of all the notes once round either at fore-stroke or back-stroke; whereas in cross changes ’tis usual to make as many changes as the number of notes will permit. For example, supposing that a peal of 5 bells were raised, and rung at a Sett-pull; the notes are supposed to strike round in this order, 12345: now any two of the notes that strike next together may make a change, therefore either a single or a double change may be made at pleasure. The single change is made by changing only two notes; the double change is made by changing four notes, that is, two to make one change and two another, yet ’tis called one double change, and not two changes, in regard ’tis made in the striking of the five notes of the bells once round: as, admit the treble, second, third, and fourth, should make a change, ’tis thus to be done, 21435, where the Treble and Second made one change, and 3, 4 another; which we will imagine to be made at the fore-stroke of the bells, and therefore ’tis called one double change, and not two changes, because ’tis entirely made in the striking of the five notes once round. So that this one double change has effected that which would have required two single changes to have done the like. For instance, there can but two notes change their places at once in a single change, therefore the Treble and Second shall first change their places thus, 21345; then the third and fourth thus, 21435: so that here the five notes have gone twice round to effect that, which in the double change was done in going once round. And this is the nature of the difference between Plain and Cross changes. As the Learner ought to proceed regularly in his practice, beginning first with the plainest and easiest methods. I will therefore observe that order, and first shew the course and methods of Plain changes. _The Changes on two Bells._ Two bells are capable to make only two changes, which is to be done by changing the notes twice, as in these figures.—— │_1 2_ │ 2 1 │ 1 2 _The Changes on three Bells._ There are six changes on three bells; which are made by this rule: the two first and two last notes must be changed by turns. │_123_ First the two first notes, which are 1 2 thus.│ 213 The two last, which are 1 3, thus. │ 231 The two first │ 321 The two last │ 312 The two first │ 132 The two last │ 123 In these six changes ’tis observable, that the two first notes, which were 1 2, made the first change of the six; but they may as well be rung by │_123_ beginning with the two last notes, which are 2, 3 thus——│ 132 Next the two first notes, which are 1 3, thus, │ 312 The two last │ 321 The two first │ 231 The two last │ 213 The two first │ 123 The six changes can be rung no more than these two ways here set down. The Six changes are sometimes rung by observing a hunt therein, which is very improper, since every note has a like course. Yet I confess in demonstrating the methods on twelve, I did there admit a Hunt into the six changes; but that was only for demonstration sake. The compleat peals of plain changes, from three to all greater numbers whatsoever, as the Twenty four changes on four, the Sixscore on five, the Seven hundred and twenty on six, _&c._ are prickt and rung by one method; all the notes having a hunting-motion, except only three in each peal, which three do make the six changes in the same manner as they are before prickt. So that the Six changes on three may be term’d the _basis_ or foundation of the compleat peals on all greater numbers. Every Hunting note in each peal has a certain number of notes assigned, through which ’tis always to hunt. The term _hunt_ is given to a note in respect of the manner of its motion, which I will shew in this example. First, the notes of four bells are supposed to strike round in this order, 1234. The Treble shall be the Hunt, and the other three assigned or appointed for it to hunt through. Now whereas the Treble-note leads, it must move through its assigned number to strike behind them: and whereas every change must be made betwixt two notes that strike next each other, as I have shewed before in the _4th Observation_; therefore the hunting-note is confin’d to move gradually through the rest by making a change with each note that strikes next to it; and accordingly it must first move into the _2d_ place, next into the _3d_ place, and lastly into the _4th_. So that ’tis to make a change with every note that lies behind it; first with the _2d_ note, next with the _3d_, and lastly with the _4th_. │_1234_ The first change is thus│ 2134 The second thus │ 2314 The third thus │ 2341 The hunting note has here moved through its assigned number; for whereas at first it did lead, now it strikes behind them. Wherein ’tis observable, that it made up changes all the way; which of necessity it must do, because every note with which it was to make a change, lay behind it: and because it made up changes, therefore ’tis said to have hunted up. The hunting-note shall now move through its assigned number again, to lead as at first. Therefore first it must move into the _3d_ place, then into the second place, and lastly into the first place, which is called the Treble’s place; in which motion it must make a change with each note that strikes next before it: first with the _4th_ note, next with the _3d_, then with the _2d_. The first change thus│2314 The second thus │2134 The third thus │1234 ’Tis observable, that here the Treble made down-changes all the way, which of necessity it must do, because every note with which it was to make a change, lay before it: and because it made down-changes, therefore it is said to have hunted down. This is the manner of the motion of the hunting notes in all peals of plain changes; for they hunt up and down through their assigned number, as the 1 here has done. This example is plain and full to instruct the Learner in the hunting of any bell, therefore he ought to peruse it diligently, that he may understand the true scope and meaning of it; and as a help he may apply himself to practice by taking a Treble, and attempt to hunt it up and down as this Example directs; which he may the more readily do, if he understand the _5th Observation_ before set down, which guides him to make a change in ringing. So that partly by reading and well considering of what I have here wrote, and partly by practice, he may in a short time become perfect in the hunting motion of any note; which when he rightly apprehends, he will then presently be capable of understanding the following methods; and therefore I shall be the more brief in my directions to them. _The Changes on four Bells._ Twenty four changes may be rung upon four bells: but the Learner may first practice the twelve changes, and the eighteen changes. In the twelve changes the notes are all to be hunted up after one another, which may be called the Twelve all over. First the treble-note must be hunted up, letter (_a_); then the second note must likewise hunt up, letter (_b_); next the third note must hunt up, letter (_c_); and lastly the _4th_ note also, letter (_d_). │_1234_ ───┼────── _a_│ 2134 „ │ 2314 „ │ 2341 ───┼────── _b_│ 3241 „ │ 3421 „ │ 3412 ───┼────── _c_│ 4312 „ │ 4132 „ │ 4123 ───┼────── _d_│ 1423 „ │ 1243 „ │ 1234 The four notes may also hunt down one after another. First, the _4th_ note must hunt down to lead: then the _3d_ note likewise, and so the _2d_ and Treble one after another, which may be term’d the Twelve all under. Courteous Reader, in my directions to the course of each peal, I do there refer by letters to the examples; which I am forced to do, to prevent those confused breaks, and unhandsome spaces, which otherwise would have happen’d both in examples and precepts. Whatever letter I mention in my directions, refers to the like at the figures. For instance; in my directions to the twelve changes next before, I there directed the treble-note to be first hunted up, letter (_a_); which letter refers to the like letter at the first three changes of the twelve, where the Treble hunted up, as ’tis here again represented, and the like of the rest. _a_│2134 „ │2314 „ │2341 In the Eighteen changes, the Treble is a hunting note, but never hunts up farther than the _3d_ place; and when it lies there, the two first notes must make a change; and every time it leads, the two hindmost notes. First it hunts up into the _3d_ place, letter (_a_); the two first notes, Which are 2.3, make a change, letter (_b_); the Treble hunts down (_c_). The two hindmost notes make a change (_d_), the Treble hunts up (_e_). The two first notes, which are 3.4, make a change (_f_) the Treble hunts down (_g_); the two last notes, which are 3.2, make a change (_h_), which method being continued, will bring the bells round at the end of eighteen changes. The Eighteen changes may also be rung by hunting the _4th_ note down into the _2d_ place, and then a change to be made behind: the _4th_ note to be hunted up again into its own place, and then a change to be made before, which course being continued, will produce Eighteen changes. │1234 ───┼──── _a_│2134 „ │2314 ───┼──── _b_│3214 ───┼──── _c_│3124 „ │1324 ───┼──── _d_│1342 ───┼──── _e_│3142 „ │3412 ───┼──── _f_│4312 ───┼──── _g_│4132 „ │1432 ───┼──── _h_│1423 ───┼──── _i_│4123 „ │4213 ───┼──── _k_│2413 ───┼──── _l_│2143 „ │1243 ───┼──── _m_│1234 The Six changes on three are the ground of the Twenty four changes on four; for one of the four notes hath a constant hunting motion through the other three, in the same manner as in the preceding Example, _page 50._ and the three notes are to make the six changes in the same manner as I have before shewed in the changes on three bells; one of the six changes being always made every time the hunt lies either before or behind the three bells: therefore if the Learner do but rightly apprehend the course of the six changes, and also the manner of the motion of the hunting note, he will presently understand the method of the twenty four changes. The six changes in the twenty four, according to the terms of ringing are called Extream changes, and the three bells which makes them, Extream bells. So that in the twenty four changes, there is a hunt and three extream bells. Every time the hunt lies either before or behind the extream bells, an extream change must then be made. The extream changes may be made two ways, _viz._ either betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the hunt, or else betwixt the two nearest extream bells to it. In this Example every extream change shall be made betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the hunt, and the treble shall be the hunting note, which must first hunt up (_a_); then the two farthest notes from the hunt, which are 2.3, must make an extream change (_b_). The Treble must hunt down (_c_). The two farthest notes from the hunt, which are 2.4, must make an extream change (_d_). The treble must hunt up (_e_); the two farthest notes from the hunt, which are 3.4, must make an extream change (_f_). The treble-note must hunt down (_g_). The two farthest extream bells from the hunt, which are 3.2, must make an extream change (_h_). The treble must hunt up (_i_). The two farthest notes from the hunt, which are 4.2, must make an extream change (_k_). The treble must hunt down (_l_). The two farthest extream bells, which are 4.3, must make an extream change (_m_), which concludes the peal. Now the Learner for his satisfaction may take out the extream changes in the same order as they were made, as first at (_b_), then (_d_), and so (_f.h.k.m._) and they will stand as they are here set down; where ’tis evident, that 2.3.4 have made the six changes according to the method of the first six changes on three bells, before set down, (_page 48._) where the first change of that six was 213, and this being 324, is the same in course though the figures differ, and the rest of the changes in this six, are likewise the same in course and method with those. │1234 ───┼──── _a_│2134 „ │2314 „ │2341 ───┼──── _b_│3241 ───┼──── _c_│3214 „ │3124 „ │1324 ───┼──── _d_│1342 ───┼──── _e_│3142 „ │3412 „ │3421 ───┼──── _f_│4321 ───┼──── _g_│4312 „ │4132 „ │1432 ───┼──── _h_│1423 ───┼──── _i_│4123 „ │4213 „ │4231 ───┼──── _k_│2431 ───┼──── _l_│2413 „ │2143 „ │1243 ───┼──── _m_│1234 3241 1342 4321 1423 2431 1234 In the preceding twenty four changes, every extream change was made betwixt the two furthest extream bells from the hunt. I will therefore here set down an example, where they shall be made between the two nearest bells, to it. First, the treble hunts up (_a_). The two next notes to the hunt, which are 3.4, must make an extream change (_b_). The Treble must hunt down (_c_). The two nearest notes to the hunt, which are 2.4, must make an extream change (_d_). The Treble hunts up (_e_). The two nearest extream bells to the hunt, which are 2.3, must make an extream change (_f_). The Treble hunts down (_g_). The two next extream bells to the hunt, which are 4.3, must make a change (_h_). And the like extream changes being made as at (_k_) and (_m_), concludes the peal. │1234 ───┼──── _a_│2134 „ │2314 „ │2341 ───┼──── _b_│2431 ───┼──── _c_│2413 „ │2143 „ │1243 ───┼──── _d_│1423 ───┼──── _e_│4123 „ │4213 „ │4231 ───┼──── _f_│4321 ───┼──── _g_│4312 „ │4132 „ │1432 ───┼──── _h_│1342 ───┼──── _i_│3142 „ │3412 „ │3421 ───┼──── _k_│3241 ───┼──── _l_│3214 „ │3124 „ │1324 ───┼──── _m_│1234 The six extream changes, _viz._ (_b.d.f.h.k._ and _m._) being set down by themselves, will stand in this order, as here you see; where ’tis plain, that 2 3 4 have made the six changes, according to the method of the last six changes on three bells, _page 49._ where the first change of that six is made between the last two notes thus, 1 3 2. So in like manner is the first here thus, 243, which is the same method with that, though not the same figures. 2431 1423 4321 1342 3241 1234 So that the making of the extream changes two ways in the twenty four, proceeds from the two ways of making the six changes on three bells. This last way of making the extream changes, may, for distinction from the other way, be called _mediums_; which term is very proper, in regard that the two middlemost of the four notes do always make the extream change. The extream changes in one peal must all be made alike, that is, either betwixt the two farthest notes from the hunt, or else betwixt the two nearest notes to it; but the most usual way is to make them between the two farthest. Any note may be made a hunt at pleasure, and its first motion at the beginning of the peal may be either up or down. The twenty four changes may be rung sixteen ways according to the aforesaid method, yet the changes to each are still one and the same; but by making each note a hunt, and moving it either up or down at the beginning, and also by making the extream changes two ways, the course of the changes will be so altered, that the same changes shall not come all along together in any two of those sixteen ways. With the hunting of one note it may be rung four ways; for the note may move either up or down at the beginning of the peal; then in its motion either way the extream changes maybe made two ways, as before: so that to make each note a hunt, and with each hunt to ring it four ways makes sixteen in the whole. Wherein ’tis observable, that the treble-note cannot be moved down at first, nor the _4th_ up; therefore an extream change must first be made, which is as effectual as if either note had moved at first. I have here prickt the twenty four changes three ways, wherein the extream changes are all made betwixt the two farthest notes from the hunt. _2d. │ _3d. │_4th. down_ │ up_ │ up_ │ │ _1234_│_1234_│_1234_ 2134 │ 1243 │ 2134 2143 │ 2143 │ 2143 1243 │ 2134 │ 2413 1423 │ 2314 │ 4213 1432 │ 3214 │ 4231 4132 │ 3241 │ 2431 4123 │ 2341 │ 2341 4213 │ 2431 │ 2314 2413 │ 2413 │ 3214 2431 │ 4213 │ 3241 4231 │ 4231 │ 3421 4321 │ 4321 │ 4321 4312 │ 3421 │ 4312 3412 │ 3412 │ 3412 3421 │ 4312 │ 3142 3241 │ 4132 │ 3124 2341 │ 4123 │ 1324 2314 │ 1423 │ 1342 3214 │ 1432 │ 1432 3124 │ 1342 │ 4132 3142 │ 3142 │ 4123 1342 │ 3124 │ 1423 1324 │ 1324 │ 1243 1234 │ 1234 │ 1234 _The Changes on five Bells._ There are sixscore changes to be rung on five bells; but the Learner may first practice some shorter peals, as the Ten changes, the twelve, the Fourteen, the Twenty all over, the Twenty with one hunt, and the Forty eight. In the Ten changes the treble must first hunt up (_a_); the 2.3 must make a change (_b_). The treble must hunt down again (_c_); the 3.2 must make another change (_d_). The ten changes may also be rung by hunting down the 5 to lead; then 3.4 to make a change; the 5 to be hunted up again, and the 4.3 to make another change. │12345 ───┼───── _a_│21345 „ │23145 „ │23415 „ │23451 ───┼───── _b_│32451 ───┼───── _c_│32415 „ │32145 „ │31245 „ │13245 ───┼───── _d_│12345 In the Twelve changes the treble hunts up into the third place, then the two first notes make a change; the treble hunts down again, then the two hindmost notes make a change. First the treble hunts into the _3d_ place (_a_); the two first notes 2.3 make a change (_b_). The treble hunts down (_c_); the two last notes make a change (_d_); the treble hunts up (_e_); the two first notes make a change (_f_); the treble hunts down (_g_); the two last notes make another change (_h_). │12345 ───┼───── _a_│21345 „ │23145 ───┼───── _b_│32145 ───┼───── _c_│31245 „ │13245 ───┼───── _d_│13254 ───┼───── _e_│31254 „ │32154 ───┼───── _f_│23154 ───┼───── _g_│21354 „ │12354 ───┼───── _h_│12345 In the Fourteen changes, the treble first hunts up behind; then the 5 hunts down to lead; the treble then hunts down again into its own place; and the fifth also hunts up into its own place. The Twenty all over are rung in the same manner as the Twelve all over upon four bells, to which I refer. In the Twenty changes with one hunt, the hunting note continually hunts up and down through the other notes, and every time it lies either before or behind them, an extream change must be made betwixt the two farthest notes from it. The treble shall be the hunt, and first hunteth up (_a_). An extream change is made (_b_); the treble hunts down (_c_); an extream change is made (_d_); which course must be continued to the end. The extream changes may also be made betwixt the two next notes to the hunt. Any note may be made a hunt at pleasure, yet still observing to make the extreams as before. │12345 ───┼───── _a_│21345 „ │23145 „ │23415 „ │23451 ───┼───── _b_│32451 ───┼───── _c_│32415 „ │32145 „ │31245 „ │13245 ───┼───── _d_│13254 In the forty eight changes, the _5th_ and _4th_ are both hunts, and 1 2 3 do make the six changes; the 5.4 do hunt down by turns, and when either of them leads, then one of the six changes is made. First the 5 hunts down (_a_); one of the six changes is made (_b_); the 5 hunts up into its own place (_c_); the 4 hunts down (_d_); another of the six changes is made (_e_); then the 4 must hunt up, and the 5 down again, _&c._ which course must be continued to the end. │12345 ───┼───── _a_│12354 „ │12534 „ │15234 „ │51234 ───┼───── _b_│52134 ───┼───── _c_│25134 „ │21534 „ │21354 „ │21345 ───┼───── _d_│21435 „ │24135 „ │42135 ───┼───── _e_│42315 In the Sixscore changes, four of the notes do make the Twenty four changes, and the fifth note hunts continually through them: so that the course and method of the Sixscore is in effect the same with that of the Four and twenty. For as the Four and twenty comprehended the Six changes on three; so in like manner the Sixscore comprehend the Four and twenty changes on four, and the Six changes on three. Therefore in the Sixscore there must be two hunts and three extream bells; one of the hunts is term’d the whole-hunt, and the other the half-hunt, The three extream bells do make the Six changes in the same manner as they were made before in the Four and twenty changes upon four bells, and are here also call’d Extream changes: the half-hunt and three extream bells do make the Four and twenty changes in the same manner as the Four and twenty changes on four bells were likewise made: and the whole hunt continually hunts through those four bells, and every time it either leads or lies behind them, one change must then be made in the twenty four. 1 shall here be the whole-hunt, 2 the half-hunt, and 345 extream bells: so that 2345 must make the four and twenty changes. Every extream change shall be made betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the half-hunt. First, the treble hunts up (_a_). One of the twenty four changes must now be made; and therefore 2 which is the hunt in the twenty four, must begin its motion through the extream bells (_b_). The treble hunts down (_c_); the half-hunt must proceed in its course (_d_); the whole-hunt hunts up (_e_); The half-hunt proceeds forward (_f_); the whole-hunt moves down (_g_). The half-hunt should now proceed, but having finished its course through the extream bells, therefore an extream change must now be made betwixt the two farthest extream bells from it, which are 3.4 (_h_). The treble must hunt up (_i_); the half-hunt must now begin its course again through the extream bells (_k_); treble hunts down (_l_); the half-hunt proceeds in its course down (_m_); treble hunts up (_n_); the half-hunt proceeds in its course down (_o_); treble hunts down (_p_); the half-hunt having finished its course, therefore an extream change must be made betwixt the two farthest extream bells from it, which are 3.5 (_q_). The treble hunts up (_r_). The half-hunt begins its motion again through the extream bells, and first it moves up over _4th_ (_s_). The whole hunt moves down (_t_); the half-hunt must proceed in its course, and therefore must move over another note (_v_). And this method being observed, will produce sixscore changes, and then the bells will in course come round. Now ’tis observable, that the changes at (_b d f h k m o q s v x_ and _z_), being set down by themselves, that is, the 1 to be excluded, and the changes on 2345 to be set directly under one another in the same successive order as they were made, it will thereby appear, that those four figures have made twelve changes of the twenty four, according to the method of the first twenty four changes on four bells before set down. And whereas here are just half the sixscore changes prickt down, so likewise here are just half the four and twenty changes made therein: and the remaining part of this sixscore being likewise prickt, the remaining part of this four and twenty would also appear therein, which part being added to the former twelve, would make up the twenty four changes compleat; and the method of them the same in all respects with the first twenty four changes on four bells, _page._ │12345 ───┼───── _a_│21345 „ │23145 „ │23415 „ │23451 ───┼───── _b_│32451 ───┼───── _c_│32415 „ │32145 „ │31245 „ │13245 ───┼───── _d_│13425 ───┼───── _e_│31425 „ │34125 „ │34215 „ │34251 ───┼───── _f_│34521 ───┼───── _g_│34512 „ │34152 „ │31452 „ │13452 ───┼───── _h_│14352 ───┼───── _i_│41352 „ │43152 „ │43512 „ │43521 ───┼───── _k_│43251 ───┼───── _l_│43215 „ │43125 „ │41325 „ │14325 ───┼───── _m_│14235 ───┼───── _n_│41235 ───┼───── „ │42135 „ │42315 „ │42351 ───┼───── _o_│24351 ───┼───── _p_│24315 „ │24135 „ │21435 „ │12435 ───┼───── _q_│12453 ───┼───── _r_│21453 „ │24153 „ │24513 „ │24531 ───┼───── _s_│42531 ───┼───── _t_│42513 „ │42153 „ │41253 „ │14253 ───┼───── _v_│14523 ───┼───── _w_│41523 „ │45123 „ │45213 „ │45231 ───┼───── _x_│45321 ───┼───── _y_│45312 „ │45132 „ │41532 „ │14532 ───┼───── _z_│15432 Any note may be made a whole hunt at pleasure, and its first motion at the beginning of the peal may either be up or down. Any note may also be made a half-hunt, and its first motion likewise up or down at pleasure; yet still observing that the half-hunt and three extream bells must make the twenty four changes, as in this last example. So that in the sixscore changes the Learner may observe, that the three extream bells are always assigned for the half-hunt to hunt through; and the half-hunt and three extream bells are also assigned for the whole-hunt to hunt through: so that the whole-hunt always hunts through four notes, and the half-hunt through three. The extream changes may be made two ways; first, betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the half-hunt, as in this last example; secondly, betwixt the two next extream bells to the half-hunt, which may be called _mediums_, for distinction from the former. But the most usual and easiest way, is to make them betwixt the two farthest notes from the half-hunt. Whereas the treble or fifth being made whole-hunts, the first of them can neither be moved down, nor the last up, at the beginning of a peal; therefore one of the twenty four changes must first be made, which is as effectual, as if the treble had moved down, or the 5th up. The Learner may observe, that two of the four and twenty changes are never made together in any sixscore, but as soon as one is made, the whole-hunt moves through the four notes before another can be made. The sixscore changes may be rung one hundred and sixty ways, which are thus demonstrable. There are five times four figures to be produced out of five, and not twice four the same figures: as 1234. 1235. 1245. 1345. 2345. with each four the twenty four changes may be prickt sixteen ways, as before I have shewed on four bells; so that here will be five times sixteen four and twenties, which amount to eighty, and not two alike. Now to each four add the fifth figure which is wanting, as to 1234 add 5, to 1235 add 4, to 1245 add 3, to 1345 add 2, to 2345 add 1, and every fifth figure being hunted through the sixteen four and twenties, which the other four make, as the 5 through the sixteen four and twenties which the 1234 make, and the like of the rest, will produce as many sixscores as there were four and twenties, that is, 80. Then the whole hunt may hunt two ways through each four and twenty, that is, up and down at the beginning, which doubles the former number, and makes 160 in the whole. _Treble up, fifth down._ 12345 │ 12534 │ 15243 │ 21453 │ ————— │ 14325 │ 13524 ————— │ 21534 │ 51243 │ 24153 │ 14253 │_Extre._│ 13254 21345 │ 25134 │ 52143 │ 24513 │ 14523 │ 13425 │ ————— 23145 │ 25314 │ 52413 │ 24531 │ ————— │ ————— │ 13245 23415 │ 25341 │ 52431 │ 24351 │ 15423 │ 13452 │_Extre._ 23451 │ 52341 │ 25431 │ 24315 │_Extre._│ 13542 │ 12345 23541 │ 52314 │ 25413 │ 24135 │ 15432 │ ————— │ 23514 │ 52134 │ 25143 │ 21435 │ ————— │ 15342 │ 23154 │ 51234 │ 21543 │ 12435 │ 14532 │_Extre._│ 21354 │ 15234 │ 12543 │_Extre._│ 14352 │ 15324 │ 12354 │_Extre._│ 12453 │ 14235 │ ————— │ ————— │ _Treble up, fourth down._ 12345 │ 12435 │ 41253 │ 21543 │ 52134 │ ————— │ 14325 ————— │ 14235 │ 14253 │ 12543 │ 51234 │ 15342 │ 13425 21345 │ 41235 │ 12453 │ 12534 │ 15234 │ 15324 │ ————— 23145 │ 42135 │ 21453 │ 21534 │ 15243 │ ————— │ 13245 23415 │ 42315 │ 24153 │ 25134 │ ————— │ 13524 │ 13254 23451 │ 42351 │ 24513 │ 25314 │ 15423 │ 13542 │ ————— 24351 │_Extre._│ 24531 │ 25341 │ 14523 │ ————— │ 12354 24315 │ 42531 │ 25431 │_Extre._│ ————— │ 13452 │ 12345 24135 │ 42513 │ 25413 │ 52341 │ 14532 │ 14352 │ ————— 21435 │ 42153 │ 25143 │ 52314 │ 15432 │ ————— │ _Second down, fourth up._ 12345 │ 31524 │ 34125 │ 43512 │ 35412 │_Extre._ ————— │ 31254 │ 34215 │ 43521 │ 35421 │ 53142 21345 │ 32154 │ 32415 │ 43251 │ 35241 │ 53124 21354 │ 23154 │ 23415 │ 42351 │ 32541 │ 53214 12354 │ 23145 │ 24315 │ 24351 │ 23541 │ 52314 13254 │ 32145 │ 42315 │ 23451 │ 23514 │ 25314 13524 │ 31245 │ 43215 │ 32415 │ 32514 │ 25341 13542 │ 31425 │ 43125 │ 34251 │ 35214 │ 52341 _Extre._│ 31452 │ 43152 │ 34521 │ 35124 │ 53241 31542 │ 34152 │_Extre._│ 34512 │ 35142 │ _&c._ In ringing terms the hunts are named in short, as in the peals here prickt. The first which is named is here understood to be the whole-hunt, and the last the half-hunt. For instance, Treble is the whole-hunt, and fifth the half-hunt; and treble is the whole-hunt, and fourth the half-hunt, _&c._ _The Changes on six Bells._ There are seven hundred and twenty changes to be rung of six bells. But the Learner may first practice some shorter peals. The twenty four changes are thus rung. The treble must continually hunt through the rest of the notes, and every time it leads or lies behind them, an extream change must then be made between the two farthest notes from it. The treble hunts up (_a_). A change is made betwixt the two farthest notes from it, which are 2.3 (_b_). The treble hunts down (_c_). An extream change is made betwixt 5.6 (_d_), which method must be continued to the end. Any note may be made a hunt at pleasure, and the extream changes may as well be made betwixt the two nearest notes to the hunt. The Thirty-all-over are rung according to the method of the Twelve all over upon four bells, to which I refer. │123456 ───┼────── _a_│213456 „ │231456 „ │234156 „ │234516 „ │234561 ───┼────── _b_│324561 ───┼────── _c_│324516 „ │324156 „ │321456 „ │312456 „ │132456 ───┼────── _d_│132465 The thirty six changes are thus rung. The treble hunts up into the third place, and then the two first notes make a change. The treble hunts down again to lead, and then the two notes in the _3d_ and _4th_ places do make a change, except the 2 lies next the treble, and then the two hindmost notes. The treble hunts up (_a_). The two first notes make a change (_b_). The treble hunts down (_c_); the 2.4 make a change (_d_). In which manner the changes are to be made untill the treble leads, and the 2 (which may be term’d the half-hunt) lies next it, and then the extream change is made behind, as in the last change of this example, there being but two of these changes in the peal. │123456 ───┼────── _a_│213456 „ │231456 ───┼────── _b_│321456 ───┼────── _c_│312456 „ │132456 ───┼────── _d_│134256 ───┼────── _e_│314256 „ │341256 ───┼────── _f_│431256 ───┼────── _g_│413256 „ │143256 ───┼────── _h_│142356 ───┼────── _i_│412356 „ │421356 ───┼────── _k_│241356 ───┼────── _l_│214356 „ │124356 ───┼────── _m_│124365 │_&c._ In the Twelvescore long-hunts, (otherwise called the _Esquire’s twelvescore_); the _6th_ and _5th_ are hunts, and 1234 do make the twenty four changes. The _6th_ and _5th_ do hunt down by turns, and when either of them leads, one of the twenty four changes must then be made. The course and method of this is the same with that of the forty eight changes on five bells, to which I refer the Learner. In the Sevenscore and four, the treble and tenor are both hunts; and 2345 do make the twenty four changes, 2 being the hunt therein. The treble and tenor do both hunt at one and the same time, the one up, and the other down, crossing each others course; and when one of them leads, the other always lies behind; at which time one of the twenty four changes must be made. The extream changes in this peal are made in the same manner as before I have shewed upon four bells. The treble hunts up, and the tenor down (_a_). One of the twenty four changes is made (_b_). The treble hunts down, and the tenor up (_c_). Another of the twenty four changes is made (_d_). The treble hunts up, and the tenor down (_e_), _&c._ which method must be observed to the end. │123456 ───┼────── _a_│213465 „ │231645 „ │236145 „ │263415 „ │623451 ───┼────── _b_│632451 ───┼────── _c_│362415 „ │326145 „ │321645 „ │312465 „ │132456 ───┼────── _d_│134256 ───┼────── _e_│314265 „ │341625 „ │346125 „ │364215 „ │634251 ───┼────── _f_│634521 │_&c._ In the sixscore changes there is a whole-hunt, a half-hunt, and four extream bells. The half-hunt and four extream bells do make the twenty changes in the same manner as the twenty changes were made upon five bells with one hunt. _page 61._ The whole hunt hath a continual motion through the other five notes, and every time it leads and lies behind them, one of the twenty changes must then be made. In this example, treble is the whole-hunt, 2 the half-hunt, and 3456 extream bells; therefore 23456 must make the twenty changes wherein 2 is the hunt, and every time it lies either before the four extream bells, or behind them, an extream change must then be made, which here shall be betwixt the two farthest extream bells from the half-hunt. The treble hunts up (_a_). One of the twenty changes must now be made, therefore 2 being the hunt in it, must begin its course through the extream bells (_b_). The treble hunts down (_c_); The half-hunt proceeds forward (_d_); the treble hunts up (_e_); the half-hunt proceeds forward in its course (_f_); the treble hunts down (_g_); the 2 proceeds forward (_h_); the treble hunts up (_i_); the half-hunt should now proceed forward, but its course through the extream bells being finished, therefore an extream change must be made betwixt 3.4, which are the two farthest extream bells from it, (_k_). The treble must hunt down (_l_); the half-hunt must now go its course again through the extream bells, and first it moves down under the _6th_, (_m_) _&c._ which method must be continued to the end. Any note may be made a whole hunt at pleasure, or a half-hunt also. And the extream changes may be made betwixt the two nearest extream notes to the half-hunt; but withall observing to make all the extreams in one peal alike. There are four extream changes in each peal, and thirty changes distance from one to another. │123456 ───┼────── _a_│213456 „ │231456 „ │234156 „ │234516 „ │234561 ───┼────── _b_│324561 ───┼────── _c_│324516 „ │324156 „ │321456 „ │312456 „ │132456 ───┼────── _d_│134256 ───┼────── _e_│314256 „ │341256 „ │342156 „ │342516 „ │342561 ───┼────── _f_│345261 ───┼────── _g_│345216 „ │345126 „ │341526 „ │314526 „ │134526 ───┼────── _h_│134562 ───┼────── _i_│314562 „ │341562 „ │345162 „ │345612 „ │345621 ───┼────── _k_│435621 ───┼────── _l_│435612 „ │435162 „ │431562 „ │413562 „ │143562 ───┼────── _m_│143526 │_&c._ The method of the Seven hundred and twenty, hath an absolute dependency upon the method of the Sixscore changes on five bells; for five of the notes are to make the sixscore changes, and the sixth note hunts continually through them, and every time it leads or lies behind them, one of the Sixscore changes must then be made. The method of the Seven hundred and Twenty is in effect the same with that of the Sixscore: for as the Sixscore comprehended the Twenty four changes on four, and the Six on three; so likewise the Seven hundred and twenty comprehend the Sixscore changes on five, the Twenty four changes on four, and the Six changes on three. Therefore here must be three Hunts, and three Extream bells: the three Hunts are thus distinguished; one of them is call’d the _whole-hunt_, another the _half-hunt_, and the other the _quarter-hunt_. The Half-hunt, Quarter-hunt, and three Extream bells, are to make the Sixscore changes; the Quarter-hunt and three Extream bells are to make the Twenty four changes, and the three Extream bells are to make the _six_ changes, which are here also called _extream_ changes, and made in the same manner as before I have shewed upon four bells. In this example here prickt, _treble_ is the _whole-hunt_, _2d_ the _half-hunt_, _3d_ the _quarter-hunt_, and _4 5 6_ _extream_ bells. Now ’tis observable, that 4 5 6 are to make the six _extream_ changes, which will divide the _seven hundred and twenty_ into six equal parts; the 3 4 5 6 are to make the _twenty four_ changes, wherein the _3d_ is the _hunt_, (but in the _seven hundred and twenty_ ’tis call’d the _quarter-hunt_;) and 2 3 4 5 6 are to make the _sixscore_ changes, wherein the _2d_ is the _whole-hunt_ (though in the 720 ’tis call’d the _half-hunt_,) by which ’tis evident, that the _treble_ continually hunts through these five 2 3 4 5 6, the _2d_ through the four 3 4 5 6, and the _3d_ through these three 4 5 6; which are assigned for the respective _hunts_ to hunt through, from the beginning to the end of the peal. First the _treble_ hunts up (_a_). Now one of the _sixscore_ changes must be made, therefore the _2d_ being the _hunt_ in the _sixscore_, must begin its course through the other four notes (_b_). The _treble_ hunts down (_c_); the _2d_ proceeds in its course (_d_); the _treble_ hunts up (_e_). The _2d_ proceedeth forward in its course (_f_); the _treble_ hunts down (_g_); the _2d_ proceeds forward (_h_); the _treble_ hunts up (_i_); the _2d_, which is the _half-hunt_, should now proceed forward, but having finished its course through the four bells, therefore the _3d_, which is the _quarter-hunt_, must begin its motion through the _extream_ bells (_k_). The _treble_ hunts down (_l_). The _half-hunt_ must now begin its course again through the four bells, and first therefore it moves down under the 6 (_m_). The _treble_ must hunt up again, and then the _2d_ must move down under another bell, which method must be observed untill the _2d_ has moved quite down through the four bells again, and then the _3d_ must proceed forward by moving over another of the _extream_ bells; which method must be observed in the motion of the three _hunts_, until the _quarter-hunt_ hath moved up behind the _extream_ bells, and then the _whole_ and _half-hunts_, having gone their course again through the bells, an _extream_ change must be made: after which the _whole_, _half_, and _quarter-hunts_ proceed again in their course as before. │123456 ───┼────── _a_│213456 „ │231456 „ │234156 „ │234516 „ │234561 ───┼────── _b_│324561 ───┼────── _c_│324516 „ │324156 „ │321456 „ │312456 „ │132456 ───┼────── _d_│134256 ───┼────── _e_│314256 „ │341256 „ │342156 „ │342516 „ │342561 ───┼────── _f_│345261 ───┼────── _g_│345216 „ │345126 „ │341526 „ │314526 „ │134526 ───┼────── _h_│134562 ───┼────── _i_│314562 „ │341562 „ │345162 „ │345612 „ │345621 ───┼────── _k_│435621 ───┼────── _l_│435612 „ │435162 „ │431562 „ │413562 „ │143562 ───┼────── _m_│143526 The letter _h_ standing by the figures signifies _half-hunt_, that is, the motion of the _half-hunt_ in that change; and likewise _q_ the _quarter-hunt_. Here are the first _sixscore_ changes of a _seven hundred and twenty_; wherein ’tis observable, that all the changes at _h_ and _q_ being set down by themselves in the same successive order as they were made, that is, the 1 to be excluded, and the changes on the other five figures to be set down directly under one another, and the _extream_ change at last, it will thereby appear, that the five figures have made twenty changes of a _sixscore_, according to the method of the example on five bells, _page 63._ with this only difference, these are made on 23456, and those were made on 12345; but the five figures of each have both alike course, the _2d_ and _3d_ going the same course in this, as the _treble_ and _2d_ did in that. Now whereas the _sixscore_ changes here prickt down are a sixth part of the _seven hundred_ and _twenty_, so likewise are the _twenty changes_, here made by 23456, a sixth part of the _sixscore_: and then consequently, the _seven hundred_ and _twenty_ changes being all prickt, the _sixscore_ changes on 23456 would plainly appear therein, in the same manner as twenty of them appear in this _sixscore_. Therefore more need not be said of the method of the 720, since the method of the _sixscore_ changes on five bells being well understood, will be a sure and certain guide to the Learner: only this one thing farther; in ringing of this peal with any _hunts_, the second _extream_ change being made between the two bells which made the first _extream_, will always bring the bells round at the end of the _twelvescore_. But after _twelvescore_ are made, they cannot in course be brought round until the end of the 720. │_123456_│ │ │ │ │ │ │ 213456 │ │ 435612 │ │ 214536 │ │ 456312 │ 231456 │ │ 435162 │ │ 241536 │ │ 456132 │ 234156 │ │ 431562 │ │ 245136 │ │ 451632 │ 234516 │ │ 413562 │ │ 245316 │ │ 415632 │ 234561 │ │ 143562 │ │ 245361 │ │ 145632 _h_│ 324561 │_h_│ 143526 │_h_│ 425361 │_h_│ 145623 │ 324516 │ │ 413526 │ │ 425316 │ │ 415623 │ 324156 │ │ 431526 │ │ 425136 │ │ 451623 │ 321456 │ │ 435126 │ │ 421536 │ │ 456123 │ 312456 │ │ 435216 │ │ 412536 │ │ 456213 │ 132456 │ │ 435261 │ │ 142536 │ │ 456231 _h_│ 134256 │_h_│ 432561 │_h_│ 145236 │_h_│ 452631 │ 314256 │ │ 432516 │ │ 415236 │ │ 452613 │ 341256 │ │ 432156 │ │ 451236 │ │ 452163 │ 342156 │ │ 431256 │ │ 452136 │ │ 451263 │ 342516 │ │ 413256 │ │ 452316 │ │ 415263 │ 342561 │ │ 143256 │ │ 452361 │ │ 145263 _h_│ 345261 │_h_│ 142356 │_h_│ 453261 │_h_│ 142563 │ 345216 │ │ 412356 │ │ 453216 │ │ 412563 │ 345126 │ │ 421356 │ │ 453126 │ │ 421563 │ 341526 │ │ 423156 │ │ 451326 │ │ 425163 │ 314526 │ │ 423516 │ │ 415326 │ │ 425613 │ 134526 │ │ 423561 │ │ 145326 │ │ 425631 _h_│ 134562 │_h_│ 243561 │_h_│ 145362 │_h_│ 245631 │ 314562 │ │ 243516 │ │ 415362 │ │ 245613 │ 341562 │ │ 243156 │ │ 451362 │ │ 245163 │ 345162 │ │ 241356 │ │ 453162 │ │ 241563 │ 345612 │ │ 214356 │ │ 453612 │ │ 214563 │ 345621 │ │ 124356 │ │ 453621 │ │ 124563 _q_│ 435621 │_q_│ 124536 │_q_│ 456321 │ │ Extre. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 125463 The 720 changes may be rung one thousand nine hundred and twenty several ways, which is thus demonstrable. There are six times five figures to be produced out of six, and not twice five the same: as 12345. 12346. 12356. 12456. 13456. 23456. and with each five the _sixscore_ changes may be prickt one hundred and sixty ways, as before I have shewed on five bells. Now to each five add the sixth figure which is wanting, as to 12345 add 6, to 12346 add 5, to 12456 add 3, to 13456 add 2, and to 23456 add 1. And the sixth figure which is added, being hunted through all the several _sixscores_ which the other five figures make; for instance, the 6 through the 160 several _sixscores_ which 12345 make, and the 5 also through the 160 several _sixscores_, which 12346 make, and the like of the rest; will produce as many _seven hundred_ and _twenties_ as there are _sixscores_, that is, six times one hundred and sixty, which amounts to nine hundred and sixty. Then the note that hunts through the other five, may hunt two ways through each _sixscore_, that is, up and down, which will double the former number, and make nineteen hundred and twenty in the whole. [Illustration: [Fleuron]] AN INTRODUCTION to the Knowledge of _CROSSE PEALS_. These Peals are term’d _cross_ in respect of their intricate methods; wherein several notes moving at one and the same time, do thwart or _cross_ each other in their course and motion, some moving up, others at the same time down, gives this Denomination to the Peals. The end of pricking them is to make the compleat number of changes by a method differing from that of other Peals. For although five can be varied but 120 ways, and six but 720 _&c._ yet the methods by which they are varied, are differing, according to the several fancies of the Artist. And as order and method are the only _basis_ on which this Art is founded; so the skilful Artists, the better to effect the aforesaid end, have thought fit in most peals to appoint one note to be as it were a Helm or Rudder, by which the course of the peal is steered; which note is term’d a _Hunt_, and hath one constant uniform motion throughout the peal, differing from that of the other notes. The manner of its motion is continually through the other notes, that is, from leading to strike behind, and from thence again to lead, which motion, first up and then down, is term’d one compleat Course. Some peals upon five bells, as _old Doubles_, _&c._ consist of single Courses; there being ten changes in every single Course, and twelve of those Courses in the peal. Other peals upon five bells, as _London Paradox_, _&c._ consist of double Courses; there being twenty changes in every double Course, and six of those Courses in the peal. Upon six bells there are also single and double Courses, _viz._ twelve changes in every single Course, as in _Grandsire Bob_ _&c._ and twenty four changes in every double Course, as in _Colledg Bob_, _&c._ the change wherein the _Hunt_ leaves leading being the first change of every Course. Now the methods of these peals being well considered, they will be found more easie than at the first view they may seem to be; for the first Course of any Cross Peal being judiciously viewed, the general method of the whole peal will thereby appear: for all the Courses in a Cross peal do agree in these three respects. First, in the motion of the _Hunt_; secondly, in the motion of the rest of the notes; thirdly, in the making of the changes, which will plainly appear in the following peals, (some few changes in each peal only excepted, as hereafter I shall shew in my Directions to the several peals:) for proof of which I will give an instance in the peal of new Doubles upon five bells, these being the three first Courses of the peal. Wherein ’tis observable, that the last change of the first Course which is 13524, I have set down again at the top of the second Course; and likewise the last change of the second Course which is 15432, I have also put at the top of the third course; which I have done for the plainer Demonstration of what I here intend. So that the ten lowermost changes are the ten changes of each Course. First │ 2d │ 3d Course│Course│Course │ │ 12345 │13524 │15432 ──────┼──────┼────── 21354 │31542 │51423 23145 │35124 │54132 32415 │53214 │45312 23451 │35241 │54321 32541 │53421 │45231 23514 │35412 │54213 32154 │53142 │45123 31245 │51324 │41532 13254 │15342 │14523 13524 │15432 │14253 First therefore, as to the motion of the _hunt_, the 1 which is the _hunt_ moves directly up behind, where it lieth twice, and then down again to lead, where it lieth also twice; as appears in each of these three Courses, and the like also throughout the peal. Secondly, as the _2d_, _3d_, _4th_, and _5th_ bells move through the first Course, so the bells that lie in the _2d_, _3d_, _4th_, and _5th_ places in the last change of every course, moves in the same manner also through the next following course. For instance; first, for the bell in the _2d_ place: in the first course the _2d_ bell moves down to lead, where it lieth twice, and then dodges untill the _treble_ comes down to it. So likewise in the second course, the _3d_ bell lying in the _2d_ place moves down to lead, where it lies twice, and then dodges until _treble_ comes down to it; and also in the third course, the _5th_ bell lying in the _2d_ place, moves down to lead where it lieth twice, and dodgeth until the _treble_ moves down to it. Secondly, for the bell in the _3d_ place. In the first course the _3d_ bell moves down to lead, and there dodgeth untill the _treble_ comes down to it: so likewise in the second course the _5th_ bell lying in the _3d_ place moves down to lead, and there dodgeth untill the _treble_ comes down to it: and also in the _3d_ course the _4th_ bell lying in the _3d_ place moves down to lead, and there dodgeth until the _treble_ comes down to it. Thirdly, for the bell in the fourth place: In the first course, the fourth bell moves up behind, then down into the _3d_ place where it lieth twice, then up again behind; so likewise in the second course, the _2d_ bell lying in the _4th_ place moves up behind, then down into the _3d_ place where it lieth twice, then up again behind; and also in the third course the _3d_ bell lying in the _4th_ place, moves therefore up behind, then down into the _3d_ place where it lieth twice, then up again behind. And such uniform motion also hath the bell in the _5th_ place through every course. Thirdly, that the changes in all the courses of the peal are made alike, will here also plainly appear in the three courses. For the first change of every course is made on the two first and two last bells; the second change of every course is made on the four last; the third is made on the four first; the fourth on the two first and two last; the fifth on the four first; the sixth on the two first and two last; the seventh on the four first; the eighth on the four last; the ninth on the two first and two last; and the tenth single. And thus in every Cross-peal the Courses do all agree, first in the motion of the Hunt, secondly in the motion of the rest of the notes, and thirdly in the making of the changes, as before I have showed. So that these three things being well observed, will be very helpful both in pricking and ringing them; the first and third being most proper to direct the pricking of them, and the first and second the ringing of them. Therefore if the Practitioner do but observe how the changes are made in the first course of a peal, wherein he must have particular regard to the motion of the Hunt, (with a little further help from the following directions to each peal, as to the making of _Extreams_ and Bob-changes) he may easily prick down all the following Courses of the same peals and therefore in the following peals I have onely prickt down two or three of the first courses for an example, and then have abridged the rest of the peal by setting down only the changes that are made at the leadings of the Hunt. But note, there are some few _Cambridg_-peals upon five bells, wherein all the courses of each peal do not agree in the aforesaid three respects: For although as to the motion of the _whole-hunt_ they do, yet in the motion of the rest of the notes, and consequently in the making of the changes they do not. It being very difficult to begin the following peals with cross _hunts_, that is, to make the _2d_, _3d_, _4th_ _&c._ whole-hunts, I will therefore set down a general rule for making the first changes at the beginning of each Peal, wherein consists the great difficulty. In any Cross-peal the _whole-hunt_ may move either up or down at the beginning; and the motion of the _whole-hunt_ in the first course of each of the following peals will direct the first motion of any cross _hunt_, and consequently of making the first changes in that peal. For Example, admit the _4th_ were made the _whole-hunt_ in the peal called _Old doubles and singles_ upon five bells, and to _hunt_ up at first: now to know how to make the first changes, observe how the change is made wherein the treble (which is there the _whole-hunt_) moves up out of the _4th_ place, and in the same manner must the change be made wherein the _4th_ bell also moves up out of that place: therefore as the change wherein the treble moves up out of the _4th_ place is a _single_ behind; so likewise must the change wherein the _4th_ bell moves up out of that place, be also a _single_ behind thus, 12354: and then as the next change wherein the treble lieth still behind is double of the four first bells; so likewise the next change wherein the _4th_ bell lieth still behind, must also be made on the four first, thus, 21534, _&c._ Or admit the _4th_ were to hunt down at the beginning, then observe how the change is made wherein the treble hunts down out of the _4th_ place, and so in like manner must the change be made wherein the _4th_ hunts also down out of that place: therefore as the change wherein the treble hunts down out of the _4th_ place, is double of the four first bells; so likewise must the change wherein the _4th_ bell hunts down out of that place, be also double of the four first thus, 21435; then as the _treble_ makes a _single_ when it moves down out of the _3d_ place, so likewise must the _4th_ next make a single change in moving down out of the _3d_ place thus 24135, _&c._ which observations will guide the making of the first changes in any cross peal with any Hunts; but observe whensoever the first change of any peal happens to be single, it must be made at the back-stroke to prevent cutting compass; and the like when a double change happens first in a peal of Triples and Doubles. And moreover by the way observe, that all the following peals are so prickt, that in ringing them at half-pulls, if the first change of each peal is made at the fore-stroke, the single changes in each peal will always be made at the back-stroke; and also the double changes in Triples and Doubles, excepting some few Single in two or three peals. But when it happens that the first change of a peal is made at the back-stroke, then consequently the bells at the end of the peal will come round at a fore-stroke change. In such peals on five bells where _singles_ are made in the _3d_ and _4th_ places at the leadings of the _whole-hunt_, the _extreams_ may there be made three ways in each peal; _viz._ every time the _half-hunt_ lieth next to the _whole-hunt_; secondly, every time it lieth behind; thirdly, every time the _half-hunt_ lieth next the _whole-hunt_, and also behind: in this last way there are six _extreams_ in each peal, but in other ways only three in each; the _extreams_ being always made when the _whole-hunt_ leads, and betwixt the two farthest _extream_ bells from the _half-hunt_. In such peals upon five bells wherein there are three _extreams_, and made in the _3d_ and _4th_ places at the leadings of the _whole-hunt_; the rest of the _singles_ at the leadings of the _whole-hunt_ may be made two ways in each peal, _viz._ either in the _2d_ and _3d_, or the _4th_ and _5th_ places; if they are made in the _2d_ and _3d_, then the _extreams_ must be made when the _half-hunt_ lyeth behind; but if the _singles_ are made behind, then the _extreams_ must be made when the _half-hunt_ lieth next the _whole-hunt_, the _extreams_ being always made between the two next _extream_ bells to the _half-hunt_. In all the following peals the figures standing by themselves at the title of the peal, are the _hunts_ in the peal there prickt: for instance, in the first _cross-peal_ upon five bells call’d _Old doubles and singles_, the two figures standing thus _1 and 2_, are the _hunts_ in that peal; 1 is the _whole-hunt_, 2 the _half-hunt_, and the like of the rest. All peals of _doubles_ upon five bells, which go sixty changes compleat without any _single_, by making of two _extreams_ they will go 120. And also all peals of _doubles_ upon six bells, and _triples_ and _doubles_ upon six, which go 360 changes without any _single_ or _extreme_, by making of two _extreams_ they will go 720. The _extreams_ in all these compleat peals proceeding from one and the same cause, are therefore to be made after one manner, according to this general and infallible rule: Wheresoever any two of the _extream_ bells are in course to make a change, those two bells by lying still will effectually make the _extream_. So that the making of the _extream_ in _doubles_ upon five bells, necessitates the making of a _single change_ at the same time, by reason that the two _extream_ bells which should contribute to the making of the _double_ change, do lie still; so that the _single_ change is accidental, and very improperly called the _extream_. When the _extreams_ in _triples_ and _doubles_ upon six bells are made at _double_ changes, then there happens two _singles_ in the peal; but when they are made at _triple_ changes, then those two changes will become _double_, and consequently the 720 will then go compleat without any _single_. Upon five bells the first _extream_ must be made within sixty changes from the beginning, and the second _extream_ just sixty changes from the first. Upon six bells the first _extream_ must be made within 360 changes from the beginning, and the second _extream_ just 360 changes from the first. The easiest way in practice, is to make the _extremes_ at the leadings of the _whole-hunt_; wherein it may be observed as a general rule, That in all peals upon six bells, where the _half-hunt_ dodgeth behind at the _bobs_, there the first _extream_ may be made either the first, second, or third time: the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_ dodg together behind, and then the second _extream_ must be made the third time those two bells dodg again together behind, after the first _extream_ is made. And also in all such peals upon six bells, where the _doubles_ at the leadings of the _whole-hunt_ are made on the four middle bells, there the first _extream_ may be made either the first, second, or third time the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_ do make a change in the _2d_ and _3d_ places, and then the _2d_ _extream_ must be made the third time those two bells come there again to make a change after the first _extream_ is made. The _singles_ at all these _extreams_ must be made by the _half_ and _quarter-hunt_. The first _extream_ in any peal may also be made at any place, where two of the _extream_ bells are in course to made a change according to the preceding general rule; and then the making of the second _extream_ may be guided by observations taken from the changes at the leadings of the _whole-hunt_: for at the leadings of the _whole-hunt_ the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_ always come together to make a change in one place, just at 120 changes distance from one another throughout each peal. Now as the second _extream_ must be made just 360 changes from the first, so the making of it may thus be guided: Look how many changes, or else how many leadings of the _whole-hunt_ the first _extream_ is made after the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_ have made a change together, so many changes or leadings of the _whole-hunt_ must the second _extream_ be made, after the third following time that those two bells do made a change in the same place again. And likewise in all peals, where there are single and double _bobs_, the same observations will also hold good, in making the _extreams_ either after the single or double _bobs_ as before; there being likewise 120 changes distance between the single _bobs_ and also between the double _bobs_: so that if the first _extream_ is made at a single _bob_, the second must then be made at the third following single _bob_, and the like also at double _bobs_. And such kind of observations, according to the nature of the peal, will guide the making of the second _extream_ in any peal, either upon five or six bells. Wherein ’tis observable, that the second _extream_ must always be made by the same two bells, and in the same place where the first was made, which two bells will in course lie apt for that purpose; and the rest of the bells will also in course lie in the same places at the second _extream_ where they lay at the first. After the making of the first _extream_, the method of the peal goeth on as if no _extream_ had been made; and also after the making of the second _extream_ if any remaineth, it also goes on, until in course the bells come round. In all compleat peals of _doubles_ upon six bells there may also moveable _extreams_ be made, which are made according to this rule; wheresoever any two of the _extream_ bells are together, and in course to lie still, those two bells by making a change will thereby make the _extream_, which is as effectual as the fixed _extream_, the reason and ground of both being one and the same. There are also two of these _extreams_ in the peal, and the second always made 360 changes from the first, and the making of it guided by such kind of observations as before. When moveable _extreams_ are made, then there will be two triple changes in the 720; but when fixed _extreams_ are made, then two _singles_. The art of _cross-pricking_ may receive a being from this consideration. As every compleat peal of plain changes upon one number comprehends the compleat peals on all lesser numbers; so likewise every compleat _cross-peal_ must of necessity do the like, although their cross course permits it not to be done so regularly and demonstrably as the former. From whence may be inferr’d, that every note in a _cross-peal_ must of necessity lie as many times in one place, as the rest of the notes are capable of making changes; and also that two or more of the notes must jointly lie in the same places as many times, as the remaining number are also capable of making changes: this being a certain touchstone to prove all _cross-peals_ after they are prickt, and must be held as a principle on which to ground such methods of pricking, that the course of all the notes may demonstrably tend to produce those effects. And from hence it is, that the whole _hunt_ immediately derives the manner of its uniform motion through the courses of each peal. And the changes in every course are as so many guides to conduct the rest of the notes in such sort, that they may be prepared to lie at the last change of the course in apt places for each succeeding course to receive them, and to perform the like. Now as the changes in all the courses of a peal are made alike, except as before; so in the composing of _cross-peals_, by pricking of one course may soon be discovered, whether or no a compleat Peal will from thence arise. * * * * * _Cross Peals._ _The Twenty four, Doubles and Singles on four Bells._ This peal consists equally of _double_ and _single_ changes; one change is _double_, the next _single_, and so throughout. 1 is here the _hunt_, and 2.3.4 _extream_ bells. Every _double_ change is made on the two first and two last bells, and every _single_ on the two middle bells, except when the 1 leads, and then behind which is call’d _extream_. All the bells have a direct Hunting course up and down until 1 leads, and then the bell in the second place lyeth still, whilst the two hind-bells make a dodg; which being made, all the bells proceed again in their Hunting course. The three changes of (_a.b.c_) are the three _extream_ changes. _1234_ 2143 2413 4231 4321 3412 3142 1324 _a_ 1342 3124 3214 2341 2431 4213 4123 1432 _b_ 1423 4132 4312 3421 3241 2314 2134 1243 _c_ 1234 There are three ways to make the _extream_ changes. First, every time the _hunt_ leads, as in the peal here prickt; secondly, every time it lies behind; thirdly, every time it leads and lies behind: in this last way there are six _extream_ changes in the peal, but in the other two ways, only three _extreams_; the _extream_ changes must always be made betwixt the two farthest bells from the _hunt_. Any bell may _hunt_ at pleasure, and it may move either up or down at the beginning of the peal. If the _1st_ or _3d_ do _hunt_ down, or the _2d_ or _4th_ up at the beginning, the first change must be _single_, and made of the back-stroke (if ’tis rung at half-pulls) to prevent cutting compass; but if either of those bells do _hunt_ the contrary way, then the first change must be double. _Old Doubles and Singles. 1 and 2._ One change is _double_, the next _single_, and so by turns. The treble hath a direct hunting course, as in plain changes. Every _double_ change is on the four first bells, and the treble is one of the two bells that makes every _single_ change, except when it leads, and then the _single_ is in the _3d_ and _4th_ places; but when 2 lies next the treble, then the _single_ is behind, which is call’d _extream_. Every time the treble leaves leading, the two first bells continue slow dodging, until the treble comes down and displaceth them. And when the treble moves down out of the _5th_ place, the bell that comes into it lies still there, untill the treble comes thither again, except when the _extream_ change is made behind. Every bell lies twice together in the _3d_ and _4th_ places, except when the treble leads, and also when it hinders them in hunting. _12345_ │ 51432 │ ————— 21435 │ 15342 │ 12543 24135 │ 15432 │_Extre._ 42315 │ ————— │ 12534 42351 │ 13254 │ ————— 24531 │ 13524 │ 13425 24513 │ ————— │ 13245 42153 │ 12435 │ ————— 41253 │_Extre._│ 14532 14523 │ 12453 │ 14352 14253 │ ————— │ ————— 41523 │ 15324 │ 15243 45123 │ 15234 │ 15423 54213 │ ————— │ ————— 54231 │ 13452 │ 12354 45321 │ 13542 │_Extre._ 45312 │ 14235 │ 12345 54132 │ 14325 │ This old peal may be rung by a new course, which differs from the former only in the _single_ changes that are made every time the _whole-hunt_ leads, _viz._ every _single_ may be made either in the _2d_ and _3d_, or _4th_ and _5th_ places. If they are made in the _2d_ and _3d_, then the _extreams_ must be made when the _half-hunt_ lies behind; but if they are made in the _4th_ and _5th_ places, then the _extreams_ must be made when the _half-hunt_ lies next the _whole-hunt_, the _extreams_ being always made in the _3d_ and _4th_ places. London _Paradox. 1 and 2._ One change is _double_, the next _single_, and so by turns. The motion of the treble is after this manner; in hunting up, first, it makes a dodg in the _2d_ and _3d_ places, then it lies twice in the _4th_ place, and four times behind; in which manner also it hunts down again, and then leads four times. The rest of the bells have a like course and motion with that of the treble, untill the treble leads. Now ’tis observable, that every _single_ change is made in the _2d_ and _3d_ places until the treble leads, and then in the _3d_ and _4th_ places; but when 2 lies next the treble, then an _extream_ behind. The changes at the leadings of the_whole-hunt_ have an absolute dependency upon the course of the _twenty four_ changes, _doubles_ and _singles_ upon four bells; and the _extreams_ to be made as many ways as in that peal, which are here guided by the motion of the _half-hunt_. _12345_ │_Extre._ 21435 │ 12453 24135 │ ————— 21453 │ 14235 24153 │ 14325 42513 │ 13452 45213 │ 13542 42531 │ ————— 45231 │ 15324 54321 │ 15234 53421 │ 12543 54312 │_Extre._ 53412 │ 12534 35142 │ ————— 31542 │ 15243 35124 │ 15423 31524 │ 14532 13254 │ 14352 13524 │ ————— 15342 │ 13425 15432 │ 13245 ————— │ 12354 14523 │_Extre._ 14253 │ 12345 12435 │ _Phœnix 5 and 4._ One change is _double_, the next _single_, and so by turns. Every bell leads twice, and lies behind four times. Every _single_ is made in the _2d_ and _3d_ places, until the _5th_ comes behind, and then in the _3d_ and _4th_ places; but when the _4th_ leads, (the _5th_ being behind) the _single_ is in the _2d_ and _3d_ places. _12345_│ 54123 21354 │ 51423 23154 │ 15432 32514 │ 14532 35214 │ 41352 53241 │ 43152 52341 │ 34125 25431 │ 34215 24531 │ 43125 42513 │ 41325 45213 │ London _pleasure. 1 and 2._ This peal in the former printing of it was prickt another way, but I have here transposed that Course, which in my opinion renders it more easie and practical. _12345_│ 23154 │ 35142 │ 15432 21345 │ 21354 │ 35412 │ ————— 23145 │ 12354 │ 35421 │ 14532 32145 │ 13254 │ 53421 │ 14523 31245 │ 13524 │ 53412 │ 14253 31425 │ 13542 │ 53142 │ 12453 34125 │ 31542 │ 51342 │ ————— 34215 │ 31524 │ 15342 │ 12435 34251 │ 31254 │ 15324 │ 14235 32451 │ 32154 │ 15234 │ 14325 32415 │ 32514 │ 12534 │ 14352 23415 │ 32541 │ ————— │ ————— 23451 │ 35241 │ 12543 │ 13452 23541 │ 35214 │ 15243 │ 13425 23514 │ 35124 │ 15423 │ 13245 │ │ │ 12345 _Mr._ Tendring’_s_ _Peal, call’d_ Grand Paradox. _1 and 5._ One change is _double_, the next _single_, and so by turns. The motion of the _whole-hunt_ is after this manner: first, it moves up into the _2d_ and _3d_ places, lying twice in each; then it moves up and makes a dodg behind, and then lieth still one change in the _5th_ place; then it makes another dodg behind, and so moves down into the _3d_ and _2d_ places lying twice in each as before, and then leads four times. Every other bell hath a like course and motion with that of the treble until the leadings of the treble, and then observe, that every time the treble goeth to lead and leaves leading, the _double_ change is made on the two first and two last bells, except when it goeth to lead if the _half-hunt_ lies next it, and then not. Every bell leads four times, and every _single_ is made behind. The change wherein each bell leaves leading, is always made on the four first bells, except as before. _12345_│ 45321 │ 21534 │ 43152 │ 13524 │ 14523 21354 │ 45312 │ 25143 │ 43125 │ 13542 │ ————— 21345 │ 54132 │ 25134 │ 41352 │ ————— │ 13254 23154 │ 54123 │ 52314 │ 41325 │ 12453 │ 13245 23145 │ 51432 │ 52341 │ 14352 │ 12435 │ 12354 32415 │ 51423 │ 53214 │ 14325 │ 14253 │ 12345 32451 │ 15243 │ 53241 │ 13452 │ 14235 │ ————— 34215 │ 15234 │ 35421 │ 13425 │ ————— │ 34251 │ 12543 │ 35412 │ ————— │ 15432 │ 43521 │ 12534 │ 34521 │ 15324 │ 15423 │ 43512 │ 21543 │ 34512 │ 15342 │ 14532 │ What you please, _Doubles and Singles._ Every bell leads four times, and lies behind twice, except when the _extream_ is made behind; and twice in the second place, except when the _extream_ is made before: and note, when the treble is before the fourth stroke, the _single_ is in the _2d_ and _3d_, the next time the _single_ is behind; but at other times the _single_ is in the _3d_ and _4th_ places. When any bell leaves leading the _double_ change is on the two first and two last, and the _extreams_ are made by turns, first behind, then before, and so on to the end, for there are six _extreams_. _12345_ │ 34521 │ 21435 │ 45231 │ 14352 │ 14235 21354 │ 34251 │ 21345 │ 54213 │ 14532 │ 14325 21534 │ 43215 │ 23154 │ 54123 │ 15423 │ 13452 25143 │ 43125 │ 23514 │ 51432 │_extre._│_extre._ 25413 │ 41352 │ 32541 │ 51342 │ 15432 │ 13425 52431 │ 41532 │ 32451 │ 15324 │ ————— │ ————— 52341 │ 14523 │ 34215 │ 15234 │ 13254 │ 12534 53214 │ 14253 │ 34125 │ 12543 │ 13524 │ 12354 53124 │ 12435 │ 43152 │_extre._│ 15342 │ 13245 35142 │_extre._│ 43512 │ 15243 │_extre._│_extre._ 35412 │ 12453 │ 45321 │ ————— │ 13542 │ 12345 │ │ │ │ ————— │ _Old Doubles. 1 and 2._ The changes are all _double_, except one _single_ every time the treble leads. The treble hath a perfect hunting course as in plain changes, and every other bell hath a like hunting course with that of the treble until the treble leads, and then a _single_ is made in the _3d_ and _4th_ places; but when the 2 lies next the treble, the _single_ is behind which is call’d _extream_. _12345_ │ 13254 │ 51432 │ 12453 │ 15234 │ 14532 21435 │ 13524 │ 15342 │ ————— │ ————— │ 14352 24153 │ 31254 │ 15432 │ 14235 │ 12543 │ ————— 42513 │ 32145 │ ————— │ 14325 │_extre._│ 13425 45231 │ 23415 │ 14523 │ ————— │ 12534 │ 13245 54321 │ 24351 │ 14253 │ 13452 │ ————— │ ————— 53412 │ 42531 │ ————— │ 13542 │ 15243 │ 12354 35142 │ 45213 │ 12435 │ ————— │ 15423 │_extre._ 31524 │ 54123 │_extre._│ 15324 │ ————— │ 12345 _New Doubles. 1 and 2._ The changes are all _double_, except one _single_ at every leading of the treble. The treble hath a perfect hunting course as in plain changes; and when it moves up from leading, the two first bells dodg untill it comes down again and displaceth them. Every bell that comes into the _3d_ place lies there twice, and then moves up behind; but the bell which lies there when the treble leaves leading, moves down. Every bell lies twice behind, except at the changes wherein the treble goeth to lead and leaves leading. Every time the treble leads, a _single_ change is then made in the _3d_ and _4th_ places; but when the 2 lies next the treble, an _extream_ behind. _12345_ │ 13254 │ 51324 │ 12453 │ ————— │ 14352 21354 │ 13524 │ 15342 │ ————— │ 12543 │ ————— 23145 │ 31542 │ 15432 │ 14235 │_extre._│ 13425 32415 │ 35124 │ ————— │ 14325 │ 12534 │ 13245 23451 │ 53214 │ 14523 │ ————— │ ————— │ ————— 32541 │ 35241 │ 14253 │ 13452 │ 15243 │ 12354 23514 │ 53421 │ ————— │ 13542 │ 15423 │_extre._ 32154 │ 35412 │ 12435 │ ————— │ ————— │ 12345 31245 │ 53142 │_extre._│ 15324 │ 14532 │ │ │ │ 15234 │ │ _Reding Doubles. 1 and 2._ The treble hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes, and when it moves up from leading the two first bells dodg until it comes down again and displaceth them; and whilst they dodg before, every bell that comes down into the _3d_ place lies there twice, and then moves up again behind. But after the dodging all the bells go a direct hunting course up and down, until the dodging again hindreth them as before. Every bell lies twice behind, except when the treble leaves leading if the _2d_ lies next it, and then the _double_ is made on the two first and two last bells; by which means the two hind-bells then make a dodg, which happens in course once in twenty changes, that is, every second time the treble leaves leading. By this method it will go sixty changes, and then an _extream_ must be made. The _extreams_ in this peal may be made according to the preceding general rule set down in the _Introduction_. Here the first _extream_ is made at the end of sixty changes, the bells lying 1 3 2; and when they come to lie so again, the second _extream_ must be made; the _extream_ is made behind, two of the _extream_ bells lying there, and the _single_ is made in the _2d_ and _3d_ place at both the _extreams_. _12345_ │ 12534 │ 12354 21354 │ 21543 │ ————— 23145 │ 25134 │ 13524 32415 │ 52314 │ 15342 23451 │ 25341 │ ————— 32541 │ 52431 │ 14253 23514 │ 25413 │ 12435 32154 │ 52143 │ ————— 31245 │ 51234 │ 14325 13425 │ 15324 │ 13452 14352 │ 13542 │ ————— 41532 │ ————— │ 15234 45123 │ 14235 │ 12543 54213 │ 12453 │ ————— 45231 │ ————— │ 15423 54321 │ 14523 │ 14532 45312 │ 15432 │ ————— 54132 │ ————— │ 13245 51423 │ 13254 │_extre._ 15243 │_extre._│ 12345 _Grandsire. 1 and 5._ The treble hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes, and every other bell hath also a like hunting course with that of the treble except when the _bobs_ hinder. The _bobs_ are double changes, and made on the two first and two last bells according to this rule, _viz._ every time the _treble_ goes to lead and leaves leading, a _bob_-change is then made, except the _5th_ lying next it makes a change there with it, and then not. Now ’tis observable, that once in twenty changes, that is, at every second leading of the treble, the _5th_ lies next it, and consequently there is but one _bob_-change then to be made, but at other times two; so that at one leading of the treble there is but one _bob_-change made, at the next leading there are two, and so successively by turns, which for distinction may be call’d _single_ and _double bobs_, The two bells that dodg behind at a _bob_ continue there dodging until the treble comes up and displaceth them, and at every _bob-change_ the bell in the _3d_ place lieth still, and then moves down to lead. By this method it will go sixty changes; and to carry on the course _extreams_ must be made, there being two in the peal. The manner of making an _extream_ I have at large shewed in the _Introduction_, and the _extreams_ may here be made in any place according to the general rule there set down. The easiest way in practice is to make them at the leadings of the treble; at any single _bob_ it maybe made behind, two of the _extream_ bells lying there, and to lie still whilst the bells in the _2d_ and _3d_ places do make the _single_ change: at any double _bob_ it may be made in the _2d_ and _3d_ places, so that the _single_ must there be made behind. If the first _extream_ is made at the single _bob_, the second must be made at the third following single _bob_; or if the first is made at a double _bob_, the second must be made at the third double _bob_ following, as in this peal here prickt, where the first _extream_ is made at a double _bob_, and the second also made at the third following double _bob_. _12345_ │ 52143 │ 52431 21354 │ 51234 │ 25341 23145 │ 15324 │ 23514 32415 │ 13542 │ 32154 34251 │ 31524 │ 31245 43521 │ 35142 │ 13254 45312 │ 53412 │_extre._ 54132 │ 54321 │ 13245 51423 │ 45231 │ ————— 15243 │ 42513 │ 15342 12534 │ 24153 │ 13524 21543 │ 21435 │ ————— 25134 │ 12453 │ 14253 52314 │ 14235 │ 12435 53241 │ 41253 │ ————— 35421 │ 42135 │ 15234 34512 │ 24315 │ 12543 43152 │ 23451 │ ————— 41325 │ 32541 │ 13452 14352 │ 35214 │ 14325 13425 │ 53124 │ ————— 31452 │ 51342 │ 15423 34125 │ 15432 │ 14532 43215 │ 14523 │ ————— 42351 │ 41532 │ 12354 24531 │ 45123 │_extre._ 25413 │ 54213 │ 12345 This peal will go with any _hunts_, and to begin it on the four hind bells; but then in ringing it at half-pulls, the first change being made at back-stroke to prevent cutting compass, the bells at the end of the peal will come round at a fore-stroke change. Therefore the better way is to begin it on the four first bells, which may also be done with any _hunts_, excepting 1.3, 1.5. and 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, wherein the first change of each may be a _bob_. And observe, that in any way of beginning it, the bells must all proceed in such a perfect hunting course as the first change directs them, until the first _bob_ comes to be made. _Old Triples and Doubles._ One change is _triple_, the next _double_, and so by turns, except one _single_ at the end of every sixty changes. Every _triple_ change is made on the two first, the two middle, and two last bells; and every _double_ is made on the four middle bells, except when the _hunt_ leads and then on the four hind bells. Treble is here the _hunt_, and hath a direct hunting course up and down as in plain changes: the rest of the bells have also a direct hunting course up and down except when the treble leads, and then each bell that was hunting up (except that in the _2d_ place) makes a dodge with the next bell below it, and then proceeds forward again in its course up; and each bell which at the same time was hunting down, makes a dodg with the next bell above it, and so proceedeth forward in its course down; which method will carry on the peal five _courses_ of the _hunt_, that is sixty changes as they are here prickt. In the 120 there is also a _half-hunt_; and when the _whole-hunt_ leads and the _half-hunt_ lies next it, a single change must then be made, either in the _3d_ and _4th_, or _5th_ and _6th_ places; but observing when the _half-hunt_ comes again to lie next the _whole-hunt_, another single change must be made in the same place where the first was made. These single changes are called _extreams_, there being two in every _sixscore_, and the last of them always falls out in course to be made just 60 changes from the first, that is, at the fifth leading of the whole _hunt_ after the first _extream_. _123456_│ 135264 │ 156342 │ 164523 │ 142635 214365 │ 312546 │ 513624 │ 615432 │ 416253 241635 │ 321456 │ 531264 │ 651342 │ 461523 426153 │ 234165 │ 352146 │ 563124 │ 645132 462513 │ 243615 │ 325416 │ 536214 │ 654312 645231 │ 426351 │ 234561 │ 352641 │ 563421 654321 │ 462531 │ 243651 │ 325461 │ 536241 563412 │ 645213 │ 426315 │ 234516 │ 352614 536142 │ 654123 │ 462135 │ 243156 │ 325164 351624 │ 561432 │ 641253 │ 421365 │ 231546 315264 │ 516342 │ 614523 │ 412635 │ 213456 132546 │ 153624 │ 165432 │ 146253 │ 124365 In the 240 there is also a _half-hunt_; and when the _whole-hunt_ leads, and the _half-hunt_ lies next it, a single change being then made in the _4th_ and _5th_ places, will bring the bells round at _twelvescore_, there being four _singles_ in the peal, one of which falls in the course at the end of every sixty changes. In the 720 there is a whole, half, and quarter _hunt_, and every time the _whole-hunt_ leads and the _half-hunt_ lies next it, a single change must then be made in the _4th_ and _5th_ places as in the _twelvescore_; but when the _quarter-hunt_ lies next the _half-hunt_, that is, when the three _hunts_ come together before, (which always happen at the end of every _twelvescore_) then the _single_ must be made behind, which is call’d _extream_, there being three of them in the peal. The _sevenscore and four_ triples and doubles are the same with the former except at the leadings of the treble, and then a _single_ is always made in the _3d_ and _4th_ places; but when the 2 lies next the treble, an _extream_ is made in the _4th_ and _5th_ places. This peal is grounded on the _twenty four_ doubles and singles, the four middle bells making them at the leadings of the treble. _Grandsire Bob. 1, 2 and 4._ The general method of this peal is the same with that next before, but with this difference; whereas in that peal _singles_ were made at the end of every sixty changes to carry on the course, in this there are _double_ changes made in their stead, which are called _Bob_-changes, and made when the treble leads in the _2d_ and _3d_ and the _5th_ and _6th_ places, whereas at other times the _double_ is there made on the four hind bells. The Practitioner may observe these rules in the ringing of it, _viz._ whatsoever bells he followeth when he hunteth up, he must follow the same bells again, and in the same order, the next time he hunts down, as in these changes here prickt; where the treble in hunting up first follows 2, then 4, and then 6; and when it comes behind, first it follows 2 again, then in its hunting down it follows 4 and 6 in the same order as when it hunted up; which is also observed in the ringing of any other bell, but with this difference betwixt the _whole-hunt_ and the rest of the bells, _viz._ Every time the _whole-hunt_ leaves the _treble’s_ place and hunts up, it followeth different bells from what it did in its former hunting up, as may be seen in this example: where in its first hunting up it first follows 2, then 4, then 6; whereas in the next hunting up it first follows 3, then 2, then 4. But the first time any other bell leads after a _bob_, whatsoever bells it then follows in its hunting up, it follows the same bells likewise and in the same order every time it hunts up, and consequently every time it hunts down unto the next _bob_; as in this example, where 2 in its first hunting up, first follows 4, then 6, then 5, and likewise when it next hunts up it follows 465 as before, _&c._ But when the _whole-hunt_ is the second bell which he follows in hunting up, he must follow it again when he next lies behind. _123456_ 214365 241635 426153 462513 645231 654321 563412 536142 351624 315264 132546 135264 312546 321456 234165 243615 426351 462531 645213 ’Tis observable, that at every leading of the treble the two hind bells dodg; and whensoever the _half-hunt_ dodgeth there, a _bob_ must then be made, except the _quarter-hunt_ dodgeth there with it, and then not; which is an infallible rule, by which he that rings the _half-hunt_ may always give notice of the _bobs_ as well when the peal is inverted, as in the ordinary way of ringing it. The _bobs_ fall out in course single and double, the one single, the next double; and so by turns; there being three single _bobs_ and three double _bobs_ in the _eighteenscore_, and consequently six of each in the 720. The aforesaid method being observed, will carry on the course of the peal to the end of _eighteenscore_, which is just half the 720, and then it terminates, as appears in the _eighteenscore_ here prickt: but by making an _extream_ that number may be doubled; for then _eighteenscore_ changes more will go in course according to the former method; and another _extream_ being likewise made at the end of the last _eighteenscore_ will compleat the 720. The manner of making an _extream_ I have shewed at large in the _Introduction_, _page 90._ where I have also set down a general rule for making them, to which I refer. The first _extream_ may be made either the first, second, or third time that the half and quarter _hunts_ dodg behind; or else at the first, second, or third single _bob_; at either of which places the _single_ must be made behind. 132546 │ 165432 │ 132465 │ 421536 │ 142563 _123456_│ _bob._ │ 134256 │ 412356 │ —————— 214365 │ 156423 │ 312465 │ 143265 │ 124653 241635 │ 514632 │ 321645 │ 142356 │ 126435 426153 │ 453126 │ 236154 │ _bob._ │ —————— 462513 │ 435216 │ 263514 │ —————— │ 162345 645231 │ 342561 │ 625341 │ 124536 │ 163254 654321 │ 324651 │ 652431 │ 125463 │ —————— 563412 │ 236415 │ 564213 │ —————— │ 136524 536142 │ 263145 │ 546123 │ 152643 │ 135642 351624 │ 621354 │ 451632 │ 156234 │ —————— 315264 │ 612534 │ 415362 │ —————— │ 153462 135264 │ 165243 │ 461235 │ 165324 │ _bob._ 312546 │ 162534 │ 143526 │ 163542 │ 135426 321456 │ 615243 │ _bob._ │ —————— │ —————— 234165 │ 651423 │ 134562 │ 136452 │ 153246 243615 │ 564132 │ 315426 │ 163425 │ 152364 426351 │ 546312 │ 351246 │ —————— │ —————— 462531 │ 453621 │ 532164 │ 136245 │ 125634 645213 │ 435261 │ 523614 │ 132654 │ 126543 654123 │ 546321 │ 256341 │ —————— │ —————— 561432 │ 342516 │ 265431 │ 123564 │ 162453 516342 │ 324156 │ 624513 │ 125346 │ 164235 153624 │ 231465 │ 642153 │ —————— │ —————— 156342 │ 213645 │ 416325 │ 152436 │ 146325 513624 │ 126354 │ 143652 │ 154263 │ _bob._ 531264 │ 123645 │ _bob._ │ —————— │ 164352 352146 │ 216354 │ 134625 │ 145623 │ —————— 541362 │ 261534 │ 316452 │ _bob._ │ 146532 325416 │ 625143 │ 361542 │ 154632 │ _bob._ 234561 │ 652413 │ 635124 │ —————— │ 164523 243651 │ 564231 │ 653214 │ 145362 │ —————— 426315 │ 453612 │ 562341 │ _bob._ │ 146253 462135 │ 435162 │ 526431 │ 154326 │ 142635 641253 │ 341526 │ 254613 │ —————— │ —————— 614523 │ 314256 │ 245163 │ 145236 │ 124365 Here are _eighteenscore_ changes wanting one, which one if it were made double as the former, would bring the bells round, therefore an _extream_ must be made as in this change 123465, the two hind bells making the _extream_, and the bells in the _3d_ and _4th_ places making the _single_. Now in regard that this _extream_ is made the second time the _whole-hunt_ leads after a double _bob_, therefore the second _extream_ must be made the second time the _whole-hunt_ leads after the third double _bob_ following. This peal may be rung with any _hunts_, and to begin the changes _triple_ and _double_ as in this here prickt. [Illustration: [Fleuron]] _Fifty three _LONDON_-Peals upon Five, Six, Seven, and Eight Bells, composed by_ F.S. _Crambo._ The changes are all _single_; it hath a perfect course, and may be prickt many ways. _12345_ │ 45312 │ 23514 │ 35142 │ 13254 │ 41325 21345 │ 54312 │ 32514 │ 35124 │ 13245 │ 14325 21435 │ 54132 │ 32154 │ 53124 │ 31245 │ 14352 24135 │ 45132 │ 23154 │ 51324 │ 31425 │ 14532 24153 │ 45123 │ 23145 │ 51342 │ 13425 │ 41532 42153 │ 54123 │ 32145 │ 15342 │ 13452 │ 41523 42135 │ 54213 │ 32415 │ 15432 │ 31452 │ 14523 42315 │ 52413 │ 23415 │ 51432 │ 34152 │ 14253 24315 │ 52431 │ 23451 │ 51423 │ 34125 │ 41253 24351 │ 25431 │ 32451 │ 15423 │ 43125 │ 41235 42351 │ 25413 │ 32541 │ 15243 │ 43215 │ 14235 42531 │ 25143 │ 35241 │ 51243 │ 34215 │ 12435 24531 │ 52143 │ 35214 │ 51234 │ 34251 │ 21453 24513 │ 52134 │ 53214 │ 15234 │ 43251 │ 12453 42513 │ 25134 │ 53241 │ 15324 │ 43521 │ 21543 45213 │ 25314 │ 53421 │ 13524 │ 34521 │ 12543 45231 │ 52314 │ 35421 │ 13542 │ 34512 │ 12534 54231 │ 52341 │ 35412 │ 31542 │ 43512 │ 21534 54321 │ 25341 │ 53412 │ 31524 │ 43152 │ 21354 45321 │ 23541 │ 53142 │ 31254 │ 41352 │ 12354 │ │ │ │ │ 12345 _The Primrose. 1 and 2._ The treble hath a perfect course as in plain changes. And when it hunts up out of the _2d_ place it makes two _singles_ together, and the like when it hunteth down. When it leads, the _single_ is in the _3d_ and _4th_ places, except when 2 lies next it, and then an _extream_ behind. Every bell (except the treble) leads four times, and lies still behind untill the treble displaceth it, except at the _extream_. _12345_ │ 51432 │ 15234 21435 │ 15342 │ ————— 24135 │ 15432 │ 12543 24315 │ ————— │_Extre._ 23451 │ 14523 │ 12534 32541 │ 14253 │ ————— 35214 │ ————— │ 15243 35124 │ 12435 │ 15423 31524 │_Extre._│ ————— 13254 │ 12453 │ 14532 13524 │ ————— │ 14352 31254 │ 14235 │ ————— 32154 │ 14325 │ 13425 32514 │ ————— │ 13245 35241 │ 13452 │ ————— 53421 │ 13542 │ 12354 54312 │ ————— │_Extre._ 54132 │ 15324 │ 12345 _Orpheus._ _12345_ │ 14253 │ 34125 │ 54312 │ 32541 │ 52134 13254 │ 41523 │ 43152 │ 53421 │ 23514 │ 51243 13245 │ 41532 │ 43125 │ 53412 │ 23541 │ 51234 31254 │ 45123 │ 34215 │ 35421 │ 25314 │ 15243 31245 │ 45132 │ 34251 │ 35412 │ 25341 │ 15234 32154 │ 54123 │ 32415 │ 53142 │ 52314 │ 12543 32145 │ 54132 │ 32451 │ 53124 │ 52341 │ 12534 23154 │ 51423 │ 23415 │ 51342 │ 25431 │ 21543 23145 │ 51432 │ 23451 │ 51324 │ 25413 │ 21534 21354 │ 15423 │ 24315 │ 15342 │ 24531 │ 12354 21345 │ 15432 │ 24351 │ 15324 │ 24513 │ 12345 12435 │ 14523 │ 42315 │ 13542 │ 42531 │ 12453 │ 14532 │ 42351 │ 13524 │ 42513 │ 21435 │ 41352 │ 43215 │ 31542 │ 45231 │ 21453 │ 41325 │ 43251 │ 31524 │ 45213 │ 24135 │ 14352 │ 34521 │ 35142 │ 54231 │ 24153 │ 14325 │ 34512 │ 35124 │ 54213 │ 42135 │ 13452 │ 43521 │ 53214 │ 52431 │ 42153 │ 13425 │ 43512 │ 53241 │ 52413 │ 41235 │ 31452 │ 45321 │ 35214 │ 25143 │ 41253 │ 31425 │ 45312 │ 35241 │ 25134 │ 14235 │ 34152 │ 54321 │ 32514 │ 52143 │ One change is _double_, the next _single_, and so by turns. _New Doubles and Singles. 1 and 2._ One change is _double_, the next _single_, and so by turns. The treble hath a direct hunting course up and down as in plain changes, and every time it goeth to lead and leaves leading, the change is _double_ on the two first and two last bells, the rest of the _double_ changes are on the four first. The treble is one of the two bells that makes every _single_ change except when it leads, and then the _single_ is made in the _3d_ and _4th_ places; but when the 2 lies next the 1, then an _extream_ is made behind. When the treble leaves the two first bells, they continue slow dogding until treble comes down and displaceth them. Every bell (except the treble) lieth twice in the _3d_ place. _12345_ │ 51324 │ 15234 21354 │ 15342 │ ————— 23154 │ 15432 │ 12543 32514 │ ————— │_Extre._ 32541 │ 14523 │ 12534 23451 │ 14253 │ ————— 23415 │ ————— │ 15243 32145 │ 12435 │ 15423 31245 │_Extre._│ ————— 13254 │ 12453 │ 14532 13524 │ ————— │ 14352 31542 │ 14235 │ ————— 35142 │ 14325 │ 13425 53412 │ ————— │ 13245 53421 │ 13452 │ ————— 35241 │ 13542 │ 12354 35214 │ ————— │_Extre._ 53124 │ 15324 │ 12345 _The Morning Star. 1 and 2._ The treble hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes; and every time it hunts up, it makes two _singles_ together, and the like when it hunts down: when it leads the _single_ is behind, but when 2 lies next it an _extream_ is made in the _3d_ and _4th_ places. Every time the treble goeth to lead and leaves leading, the double is on the two first and two last bells, and every bell except the treble leads four times together. _12345_ │ 51432 │ 14523 │ 15243 │ ————— 21354 │ 54132 │ 14532 │ ————— │ 14253 23154 │ 54312 │ ————— │ 13425 │ 14235 23514 │ 53421 │ 12354 │ 13452 │ ————— 25341 │ 35241 │_extre._│ ————— │ 15324 52431 │ 32514 │ 12534 │ 12543 │ 15342 54213 │ 32154 │ ————— │_extre._│ ————— 54123 │ 31254 │ 14352 │ 12453 │ 12435 51423 │ 13245 │ 14325 │ ————— │_extre._ 15432 │ 13254 │ ————— │ 13542 │ 12345 15423 │ ————— │ 15234 │ 13524 │ _The Quirister. 1 and 2._ This peal consists most of _double_ changes; the treble hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes, and every time it hunts up and down it makes a _single_ in the _3d_ and _4th_ places; and when it leads, the _single_ is behind, but when 2 lies next it an _extream_ is made in the _3d_ and _4th_ places. _12345_ │ 32514 │ 15234 21354 │ 35241 │ 15243 23145 │ 53421 │ ————— 23415 │ 54312 │ 14352 24351 │ 54132 │ 14325 42531 │ 51423 │ ————— 45213 │ 15432 │ 12543 45123 │ 15423 │_extre._ 41532 │ 51432 │ 12453 14523 │ 54123 │ ————— 14532 │ 54213 │ 15324 41523 │ 52431 │ 15342 45132 │ 25341 │ ————— 45312 │ 23514 │ 14253 43521 │ 23154 │ 14235 34251 │ 21345 │ ————— 32415 │ 12354 │ 13542 32145 │_extre._│ 13524 31254 │ 12534 │ ————— 13245 │ ————— │ 12435 13254 │ 13425 │_extre._ 31245 │ 13452 │ 12345 32154 │ ————— │ When the treble leaves the two hind bells, they continue dodging untill it comes up again and displaceth them, and then they hunt directly down; the first to lead, and the other into the _2d_ place: that which moves to lead, having lead four times, gives place to the treble; but when the Treble hath done leading it takes the treble’s place again, and leads four times more and then hunts directly up; the other bell which moved down into the _2d_ place lies there twice, and then the Treble in hunting down moves it into the _3d_ place where it lies still, untill the Treble in hunting up moves it back into the _2d_ place, where having lain twice it hunteth up. This Peal is as musical, easie, and practical as any of this kind that ever was prickt. _The Faulcon. 1 and 2._ This Peal consists most of _double_ changes. The treble hath a direct hunting course as in plain changes, and every time it hunts up and down it makes a _single_ in the _3d_ and _4th_ places, and when it leads a _single_ is also made there, but when 2 lies next it the _extream_ is made behind. When the treble leaves the two first bells they continue there until it comes down again and displaceth them, but observe, when the treble moves into the _5th_ place, and again from thence, the _double_ is on the two first and two last bells, by means of which the two first bells then dodg, but before and after they lie still. Every bell lies twice in the _3d_ place and then hunts up, except that which lies there when the treble leaves leading. _12345_ │ 53241 │ ————— │ 15243 21354 │ 35421 │ 14235 │ 15423 23145 │ 53412 │ 14325 │ ————— 23415 │ 53142 │ ————— │ 14532 32451 │ 51324 │ 13452 │ 14352 23541 │ 15342 │ 13542 │ ————— 32514 │ 15432 │ ————— │ 13425 32154 │ ————— │ 15324 │ 13245 31245 │ 14523 │ 15234 │ ————— 13254 │ 14253 │ ————— │ 12354 13524 │ ————— │ 12543 │_extre._ 31542 │ 12435 │_extre._│ 12345 35124 │_extre._│ 12534 │ 35214 │ 12453 │ ————— │ _Merry_ Andrew. _1 and 2._ One change is _double_, the next _single_, and so by turns. The treble leads four times, lies behind four times, and twice in every other place. Every other bell leads four times. When the treble leaves the two hind-bells, they continue dodging untill it comes up again and displaceth them. Every _single_ is made behind until the treble hinders, and then in the _2d_ and _3d_ places. When the treble leads and the _2d_ lies next it, then an _extream_ is made in the _3d_ and _4th_ places. When the treble goes to lead and leaves leading, the _double_ is on the two first and two last bells, and when every other bell goes to lead and leaves leading, the _double_ in on the four first. _12345_ │ 51423 │ 23514 │ 15243 21354 │ 15432 │ 32154 │ 15234 21345 │ 15423 │ 32145 │ 12543 23154 │ 14532 │ 31254 │_extre._ 23145 │ 14523 │ 31245 │ 12453 32415 │ 41532 │ 13254 │ ————— 34215 │ 41523 │ 13245 │ 13542 32451 │ 45132 │ 12354 │ 13524 34251 │ 45123 │_extre._│ 15342 43521 │ 54213 │ 12534 │ 15324 45321 │ 52413 │ ————— │ ————— 43512 │ 54231 │ 14352 │ 14235 45312 │ 52431 │ 14325 │ 14253 54132 │ 25341 │ 13452 │ 12435 54123 │ 23541 │ 13425 │_extre._ 51432 │ 25314 │ ————— │ 12345 _May-day. 1 and 5._ One change is _double_, the next _single_, and so by turns. When the treble goes to lead and leaves leading, the _double_ is on the two first and two last bells; and when every other bell goes to lead and leaves leading, the _double_ is on the four first. The treble hath a constant dodging course, for in its hunting up it first makes a dodg in the second and third places, and then another behind, and then it lies still one change in the _5th_ place; then in its hunting down it makes another dodg behind, and also another in the _2d_ and _3d_ places, and then leads four times. So that the treble in one of the two bells that makes every _single_ until it leads, and then ’tis made in the _2d_ and _3d_ places, except when the _5th_ lies behind, and then an _extream_ is made in the _3d_ and _4th_ places. When the treble leaves the two hind-bells they continue slow dodging, until it comes up again and displaceth them. Every bell leads four times. _12345_ │ 45132 │ 12543 21354 │ 41523 │ 15234 23154 │ 45123 │ 12534 21345 │ 54213 │ ————— 23145 │ 54231 │ 14352 32415 │ 52413 │ 13452 32451 │ 52431 │ 14325 34215 │ 25341 │_Extre._ 34251 │ 25314 │ 14235 43521 │ 23541 │ ————— 43512 │ 23514 │ 15324 45321 │ 32154 │ 13524 45312 │ 31254 │ 15342 54132 │ 32145 │ 13542 51432 │ 31245 │ ————— 54123 │ 13254 │ 12453 51423 │ 12354 │ 14253 15432 │ 13245 │ 12435 14532 │_Extre._│_Extre._ 15423 │ 13425 │ 12345 14523 │ ————— │ 41532 │ 15243 │ _St._ Dunstan’s _Doubles. 1 and 2._ The changes are all _double_ except one _single_ every _2d_ time the treble leads, there being six in the peal. The treble is a perfect _hunt_; and every time it goeth to lead and leaves leading, the _double_ is made on the two first and two last bells, at which changes the bells in the _3d_ place lie still and then move down, and the two hind-bells at the same time dodg: but at other times all the bells have a direct hunting course. When the treble leads, and the _2d_ lieth either in the _2d_ or _3d_ places, then a _single_ must always be made betwixt the two next _extream_ bells to the _2d_. _12345_ │ 13245 │ 12453 21354 │ ————— │ ————— 23145 │ 15423 │ 13542 32415 │ 14532 │ 15324 34251 │ ————— │ ————— 43521 │ 12354 │ 14235 45312 │_extre._ │_single._ 54132 │ 12534 │ 14253 51423 │ ————— │ ————— 15432 │ 14352 │ 13524 14523 │ 13425 │ 15342 41532 │ ————— │ ————— 45123 │ 15243 │ 12435 54213 │_single._│_Extre._ 52431 │ 15234 │ 12345 25341 │ ————— │ 23514 │ 14325 │ 32154 │ 13452 │ 31245 │ ————— │ 13254 │ 12543 │ _single._│_extre._ │ _Church Doubles. 1 and 2._ The changes are all _double_ except six _singles_ as the former. The treble is a perfect _hunt_; and every time it moves up into the _5th_ place, and also out of it, the _double_ is then made on the two first and two last bells, at which time the bells in the _3d_ place do lie still and then move up; and the two first bells at the same time dodg. When the treble leads, and the _2d_ lieth either in the _2d_ or _3d_ places, then a _single_ must always be made betwixt the two next _extream_ bells to the _2d_. _12345_ │ 13254 │ 14325 21435 │_single._│ ————— 24153 │ 13245 │ 12543 42513 │ ————— │_Extre._ 24531 │ 14532 │ 12453 42351 │ 15423 │ ————— 24315 │ ————— │ 15324 42135 │ 12354 │ 13542 41253 │_Extre._ │ ————— 14523 │ 12534 │ 14235 15432 │ ————— │_single._ 51342 │ 13425 │ 14253 53124 │ 14352 │ ————— 35214 │ ————— │ 15342 53241 │ 15243 │ 13524 35421 │_single._│ ————— 53412 │ 15234 │ 12435 35142 │ ————— │_Extre._ 31524 │ 13452 │ 12345 In this and the former peal the _singles_ may be made in another manner, _viz._ when the _whole-hunt_ leads, and the _half-hunt_ lieth either in the _4th_ or _5th_ places, a _single_ must then be made betwixt the two next bells to the _half-hunt_; but at other times a _double_ change to be made when the _whole-hunt_ leads, as in the former way. Stedman’s _Principle_. The changes are all _double_, two _singles_ excepted. One _double_ is made on the two first and two last bells, the next on the four last, and so by turns successively; excepting every sixth change, which is _double_ on the four first bells, and for distinction is called a _Parting_ change. All the bells have a like course. The general method is this; the three first bells go the _six_ changes, and the two hind-bells in the mean time dodg; then a _Parting_ change is made which parts the two hind-bells, moving that in the fourth place down into the _3d_, and that in the _3d_ place up into the _4th_, and then the three first bells go the _six_ again, the two hind-bells in in the mean time dodging as before; and then another _Parting_ change is made, and so successively on. Every bell that comes behind continues there dodging six changes with one bell and six with another, and then in course the _Parting_ change brings it down. One _six_ cuts compass, the next doth not, and so by turns successively. In the _six_ which cut compass the two first bells of the three makes the first change of it, but in the other the two last of the three. By this method the peal will go sixty changes, and to carry it on farther _extreams_ must be made. An _extream_ is made by the lying still of two bells when in course they should make a change, as before I have shewed more fully in the _Introduction_, _page 90._ but withall observing, that whereas in this peal the bells have all a like course, therefore they may all be termed _extream_ bells, and consequently the _extreams_ to be made according to this general rule, _viz._ the first _extream_ may be made by any two bells that are in course to make a change within the compass of the first sixty changes of the peal; and the second _extream_ must be made according to this rule. Whatsoever two bells are dodging behind at the first _extream_, when the same two bells come to dodg there again, is a certain warning for the second _extream_ to be then made. And observe, how many changes the first _extream_ is made from a _parting_ change; so many likewise must the last _extream_ be made after a _Parting_ change also. And the _single_ and _extream_ comes in course each of them to be made in the same place and by the same bells at the last _extream_, as they were at the first. Here the _singles_ are made behind, and the _extreams_ in the _2d_ and _3d_ places; and as the _4th_ and _5th_ bells do dodg behind at the first _extream_, so likewise when they come to dodg there again, the second _extream_ is then made, the treble leading at both of them, as appeareth in the peal here prickt. _12345_ │ 42135 │ 52431 │ 24513 │ 51324 21354 │ 41253 │ 25341 │ 42153 │ 15342 23145 │ 14523 │ 52314 │ 24135 │ 13524 32415 │ 41532 │ 53241 │ 21453 │ 31542 23451 │ 45123 │ 35214 │ 12435 │ 35124 24315 │ 54132 │ 32541 │ 14253 │ 53142 42351 │ 51423 │ 23514 │ 41235 │ 35412 43215 │ 15432 │ 32154 │ 14325 │ 34521 34251 │ 51342 │ 31245 │ 13452 │ 43512 43521 │ 53124 │ 13254 │ 31425 │ 45321 45312 │ 35142 │_extre._│ 34152 │ 54312 54321 │ 31524 │ 13245 │ 43125 │ 53421 53412 │ 13542 │ 31254 │ 41352 │ 35241 35421 │ 15324 │ 32145 │ 14532 │ 53214 34512 │ 51234 │ 23415 │ 41523 │ 52341 43152 │ 15243 │ 32451 │ 45132 │ 25314 34125 │ 12534 │ 34215 │ 54123 │ 23541 31452 │ 21543 │ 43251 │ 51432 │ 32514 13425 │ 25134 │ 42315 │ 15423 │ 23154 14352 │ 52143 │ 24351 │ 51243 │ 21345 41325 │ 25413 │ 42531 │ 52134 │ 12354 14235 │ 24531 │ 45213 │ 25143 │_extre._ 12453 │ 42513 │ 54231 │ 21534 │ 12345 21435 │ 45231 │ 52413 │ 12543 │ 24153 │ 54213 │ 25431 │ 15234 │ The first _Parting_ change is here made the third change at the beginning, and that _six_ cuts compass. In all the several ways of ringing this peal, if the _Parting_ changes are made at the fore-stroke, as in course they are in this here prickt, then cutting compass is always on the same _sixes_, as in this peal: but when the _Parting_ changes are made at back-stroke, then the contrary _six_ always cuts compass to what doth here. _Peals upon Six Bells._ _The single Method._ The changes are all _single_, and treble is the _hunt_. When the treble moves up out of the _2d_ place, the two first bells continue slow dodging untill the treble comes there again. And when the treble moves down out of the fourth place, the two hind-bells likewise continue slow dodging until the treble comes there again. When the treble leads, (if ’tis rung at half-pulls) the _fore-stroke change_ (that is, at the third stroke of the treble’s leading) is made in the _3d_ and _4th_ places, the rest of the changes there are made behind. By this method it will go _sixscore_ changes. _123456_│ 135264 │ 164253 213456 │ —————— │ 164235 213465 │ 153642 │ —————— 231465 │ 153624 │ 146352 231456 │ —————— │ 146325 321456 │ 135624 │ —————— 324156 │ 135642 │ 164325 234156 │ —————— │ 164352 234516 │ 153426 │ —————— 324516 │ 153462 │ 146523 324561 │ —————— │ 146532 234561 │ 135462 │ —————— 235461 │ 135426 │ 164532 325461 │ —————— │ 164523 325416 │ 153264 │ —————— 235416 │ 153246 │ 146235 235146 │ 152346 │ 146253 325146 │ 152364 │ 142653 321546 │ —————— │ 142635 312546 │ 125643 │ —————— 312564 │ 125634 │ 124356 132564 │ 126534 │ 124365 132546 │ 126543 │ 123465 135246 │ —————— │ 123456 │ 162435 │ │ 162453 │ To ring 240. When the _whole-hunt_ leads, and the _half-hunt_ dodgeth behind; the _fore-stroke change_ must then be made in the _2d_ and _3d_ places, as in this here prickt, where the _2d_ is the _half-hunt_ and there are little marks set at the _fore-stroke changes_. To ring 360. When the _whole-hunt_ leads, and the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_ dodg behind, the _fore-stroke_ change must then be made in the _2d_ and _3d_ places as before. To ring 720. When the _whole-hunt_ leads, and the _half-hunt_ dodgeth behind, the _fore-stroke_ change must then be made in the _2d_ and _3d_ places as before, except the _quarter-hunt_ dodgeth there with the _half-hunt_, and then in the _3d_ and _4th_ places as at other times. The _2d_ an _4th_, or the _2d_ and _6th_ may be the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_, or others at pleasure. “_Note_, in all the following peals upon six bells, the _bobs_ are double changes, and always made at the leadings of the whole hunt (except _No-nsuch Bob_, for there the Bobs are made at the change wherein the whole-hunt goeth to lead, and not when it doth lead.) And whereas in the following peals the directions for calling _bob_ runs thus; _viz. Every time the half-hunt dodgeth behind, a Bob must then be made, &c._ ’tis there implied, That whereas every time the whole-hunt leads, the two hind-bells then dodg; therefore when the half-hunt dodgeth there at the leading of the whole-hunt, a _bob_ must then be made. And in like manner also must all the _bobs_ in the following peals be made at the leading of the whole-hunt. He that rings the half-hunt may best call _bob_ in all peals.” _A Cure for Melancholly._ _Doubles and Singles._ The Treble is the _whole-hunt_ which leads four times, lieth behind as many, and twice in every other place. When it moves up out of the fourth place, the two bells in the third and fourth places continue dodging until it comes down there again, and then the two hind-bells dodg until the Treble displaceth them. The Treble is one of the bells which maketh every _double_ change, except when it lieth still behind, and then the _double_ is on the four first, and also when it leads the _double_ is on the four last. Every _single_ is made in the fifth and sixth places, except when the Treble lieth there, and then in the third and fourth places. Every bell except the Treble lieth four times in the second place. By this method it will go _sixscore_ changes, but by making of _bobs_ it will go 240, 360, or 720. The _bob_ is a _double_ change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in the fourth place lieth still. _123456_│ 134625 213465 │ —————— 213456 │ 162345 231465 │ 162354 231456 │ 163245 234165 │ 163254 234156 │ —————— 243516 │ 125634 245316 │ 125643 243561 │ 126534 245361 │ 126543 423561 │ —————— 425361 │ 154263 423516 │ 154236 425316 │ 152463 452136 │ 152436 452163 │ —————— 451236 │ 143526 451263 │ 143562 415236 │ _bob_ 415263 │ 134526 145236 │ 134562 145263 │ —————— 142536 │ 156423 142563 │ 156432 —————— │ _bob_ 156423 │ 165423 156432 │ 165432 _bob_ │ —————— 165423 │ 132654 165432 │ 132645 —————— │ 136254 143652 │ 136245 143625 │ —————— _bob_ │ 124365 134652 │ 124356 │ 123465 │ 123456 │ —————— To ring 240. Every time the _half-hunt_ dodgeth behind, a _bob_ must then be made as in this here prickt, where 2 is the _half-hunt_. To ring 360. Every time the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_ dodg together behind, a _bob_ must then be made. To ring 720. Every time the _half-hunt_ dodgeth behind a _bob_ must then be made, except the _quarter-hunt_ dodgeth there with it, and then not. 2 may be the _half_ hunt, and 4 the _quarter_ hunt, or others at pleasure. _The Morning Exercise._ _Doubles and singles._ The treble is the _whole hunt_, and hunteth up into the _2d_, _3d_ and _4th_ places, lying twice in each; then having made a dodg behind, it lyeth still in the sixth place, and then makes another dodg behind, and so hunts down in the same manner as it hunted up, and then leads four times. When the Treble moves down out of the fifth place, the two hind-bells dodge untill it comes up there again; during which time the bell in the _4th_ place lieth still. And when the Treble moves up out of the second place, each bell that comes there lieth four times, until the Treble comes down there again. Every _single_ is made behind. By this method it will go 120 changes; and by making of _bobs_ it will go 240, 360, or 270. At the _bobs_ the bell in the _2d_ place always lieth still. _123456_│ —————— │ 142365 213465 │ 164352 │ 142356 213456 │ 164325 │ —————— 231465 │ _bob_ │ 146532 231456 │ 163452 │ 146523 234165 │ 163425 │ _bob_ 234156 │ —————— │ 145632 243516 │ 165243 │ 145623 243561 │ 165234 │ —————— 245316 │ 156243 │ 143265 245361 │ 156234 │ 143256 254631 │ —————— │ 134265 254613 │ 154326 │ 134256 256431 │ 154362 │ —————— 256413 │ _bob_ │ 136524 265143 │ 153426 │ 136542 265134 │ 153462 │ _bob_ 261543 │ —————— │ 135624 261534 │ 152643 │ 135642 216543 │ 152634 │ —————— 216534 │ 125643 │ 132465 126543 │ 125634 │ 132456 126534 │ —————— │ 123465 162543 │ 124365 │ 123456 162534 │ 124356 │ To ring 240. Every time the _half-hunt_ dodgeth behind, a _bob_ must then be made, as in this here prickt, where 2 is the _half-hunt_. The warning for the _bobs_ in the 360 and 720, is the same with that in the peal next before: 2 may be the _half-hunt_, and 4 the _quarter-hunt_, or others at pleasure. _The City Delight._ _Doubles and Singles_. Treble is the _whole-hunt_, and lieth four times before, four times behind, and twice in every other place. When it moves up out of the third place, the _singles_ are made in the second and third places until it comes there again, and then behind until it moves up again out of the third place. When it moves down out of the fourth place, the two hind-bells dodg until it comes up there again, during which time the bell in the fourth place lieth still. By this method it will go 120, and by making of _bobs_ it will go 240, 360, or 720. At the _bobs_ the bell in the second place always lieth still; and the warning for them is the same with that in the two last peals. In the 240 here prickt, 2 is the _half-hunt_; and in the 360 or 720, the 2 and 4 may be the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_, or others at pleasure. _123456_│ 265143 │ 153462 │ 126534 │ 143256 213465 │ 256143 │ —————— │ 126543 │ 134265 213456 │ 251634 │ 156234 │ —————— │ 134256 231465 │ 251643 │ 156243 │ 124365 │ —————— 231456 │ 215634 │ 165234 │ 124356 │ 135642 234165 │ 215643 │ 165243 │ 142365 │ 135624 243165 │ 125634 │ —————— │ 142356 │ _bob_ 234165 │ 125643 │ 164352 │ —————— │ 136542 243615 │ 152634 │ 164325 │ 145623 │ 136524 246351 │ 152643 │ _bob_ │ 145632 │ —————— 264351 │ —————— │ 163452 │ _bob_ │ 132465 246531 │ 154326 │ 163425 │ 146523 │ 132456 264531 │ 154362 │ —————— │ 146532 │ 123465 265413 │ _bob_ │ 162534 │ —————— │ 123456 256413 │ 153426 │ 162543 │ 143265 │ London _Nightingale_. _Doubles and Singles._ Treble is the _whole-hunt_, and lieth four times before, four times behind and twice in every other place. When it moves down out of the _5th_ place, the two hind-bells continue dodging until it comes there again, during which time the bell in the fourth place lieth still. And when the two hind-bells leave dodging then the two first bells dodg until the hind-bells dodg again, and then they cease. By this method it will go 120; and by making of _bobs_ it will go 240, 360, or 720. At the _bobs_ the bell in the second place always lyeth still; and the warning for them is the same with that in the preceding peals. In the 240 here prickt, 2 is the _half-hunt_; and in the 360 or 720, the 2 and 4 may be the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_ or others at pleasure. _123456_│ —————— │ 163245 213465 │ 126543 │ 163254 213456 │ 126534 │ —————— 231465 │ 162543 │ 125634 231456 │ 162534 │ 125643 234165 │ —————— │ 152634 234156 │ 153624 │ 152643 243516 │ 153642 │ —————— 423516 │ _bob_ │ 164523 243561 │ 156324 │ 164532 423561 │ 156342 │ _bob_ 245361 │ —————— │ 165423 425361 │ 134562 │ 165432 245316 │ 134526 │ —————— 425316 │ _bob_ │ 143652 452136 │ 135462 │ 143625 452163 │ 135426 │ _bob_ 451236 │ —————— │ 146352 451263 │ 142356 │ 146325 415236 │ 142365 │ —————— 415263 │ 124356 │ 132465 145236 │ 124365 │ 132456 145263 │ —————— │ 123465 154236 │ 136245 │ 123456 154263 │ 136254 │ _The Evening Delight._ _Doubles and Singles._ Treble is the _whole-hunt_ and leads four times, lies behind four times, and twice in every other place, except in the _2d_ and _3d_ places where it makes a dodg every time it hunts up and down. Every other bell hath the same course with the _whole-hunt_; but observing, when they come down and have made a _dodg_ in the second and third places, they lie still one change in the second place, and then make another _dodg_ there, and so hunt up as the Treble did. But note, when the Treble goeth to lead and leaves leading, the bells in the third and fourth places lie still. Every _single_ is made in the second and third places, and every bell lieth four times behind. By this method it will go 120, and by making of _bobs_ it will go 240, 360, or 720. At the _bob_-change, the bell in the _4th_ place always lieth still. _123456_│ —————— │ 153642 213465 │ 146253 │ 135642 231465 │ 164253 │ —————— 213645 │ _bob_ │ 136524 231645 │ 146235 │ 163524 236154 │ 164235 │ _bob_ 263154 │ —————— │ 136524 236514 │ 162453 │ 163542 263514 │ 126453 │ —————— 265341 │ _bob_ │ 165324 256341 │ 162435 │ 156324 265431 │ 126435 │ _bob_ 256431 │ —————— │ 165342 254613 │ 124653 │ 156342 245613 │ 142653 │ —————— 254163 │ 124563 │ 153624 245163 │ 142563 │ 135624 241536 │ —————— │ 153264 214536 │ 145236 │ 135264 241356 │ 154236 │ —————— 214356 │ 145326 │ 132546 124365 │ 154326 │ 123546 142365 │ —————— │ 132456 124635 │ 153462 │ 123456 142635 │ 135462 │ To ring 240. Every time the _half-hunt_ dodgeth in the second and third places a _bob_ must then be made, as in this here prickt, where 6 is the _half-hunt_. To ring 360. Every time the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_ dodg together in the second and third places, a _bob_ must then be made. To ring 720. Every time the _half-hunt_ dodgeth in the _2d_ and _3d_ places a _bob_ must then be made, except when the _quarter-hunt_ dodgeth there with it, and then not. In the 360 or 720, the 6 and 5 may be the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_, or else 2 and 4, or others at pleasure. _Colledge Doubles._ Treble is the _whole-hunt_, and hath a direct hunting course. When it moves down out of the _5th_ place, the two hind-bells dodg until it comes there again; during which time the bell in the fourth place lieth still: but otherwise the five hind-bells have a direct hunting course. By this method it will go _sixty_ changes; and by making of _bobs_ it will go 120, 180, 360. At the _bob_-changes the bell in the second place always lieth still. _123456_│ 156234 213465 │ 165243 231456 │ —————— 234165 │ 164352 243615 │ _bob_ 246351 │ 163425 264531 │ —————— 265413 │ 162534 256143 │ 126543 251634 │ —————— 215643 │ 124365 125634 │ 142356 152643 │ —————— 512634 │ 145623 521643 │ _bob_ 526134 │ 146532 562314 │ —————— 563241 │ 143265 536421 │ 134256 534612 │ —————— 543162 │ 135642 541326 │ _bob_ 514362 │ 136524 154326 │ —————— _bob_ │ 132465 153462 │ 123456 —————— │ To ring 120. Every time the _half-hunt_ dodgeth behind, a _bob_ must then be made; as in this here prickt, where 2 is the _half-hunt_. To ring 180. Every time the _half_ and _quarter-hunt_ dodg together behind, a _bob_ must then be made. To ring 360. Every time the _half-hunt_ dodgeth behind a _bob_ must then be made, except when the _quarter-hunt_ dodgeth there with it, and then not. In the 180 or 360, 2 and 4 may be the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_, or others at pleasure. By making of two _extreams_ the 360 may be doubled. They are to be made according to the rules in the _Introduction, page 90_. _Non-such Bob._ _Doubles._ Treble is the _whole-hunt_, and hath a direct hunting course. When it moves up out of the third place, the bell that comes there lieth still until the Treble comes down there again; during which time the two first bells dodg. When the Treble leaves the two hind-bells, they dodg until the change wherein the Treble goeth to lead, and then one of them moves down; but as soon as that change is made, the two hind-bells dodg again until the Treble moves up and parts them. Every time the Treble leads, the _double_ is made on the four hind-bells throughout the peal. By this method it will go _sixty_ changes; and by making of _bobs_ it will go 120, 180, or 360. The _bob_ is always made at the change wherein the Treble goeth to lead, the two first and two last bells making it. _123456_│ 532641 │ 165324 │ 543162 213465 │ 352614 │ 163542 │ 453612 231456 │ 532164 │ 613524 │ 543621 234165 │ 531246 │ 631542 │ 453261 324615 │ 513264 │ 635124 │ 543216 234651 │ 153624 │ 365214 │ 453126 324561 │ 156342 │ 635241 │ 451362 234516 │ 516324 │ 365421 │ 415326 324156 │ 561342 │ 635412 │ 145236 321465 │ 563124 │ 365142 │ 142563 312456 │ 653214 │ 361524 │ 412536 132546 │ 563241 │ 316542 │ 421563 135264 │ 653421 │ _bob_ │ 425136 315246 │ 563412 │ 136524 │ 245316 351264 │ 653142 │ 135642 │ 425361 352146 │ 651324 │ 315624 │ 245631 532416 │ 615342 │ 351642 │ 425613 352461 │ _bob_ │ 356124 │ 245163 │ │ 536214 │ 241536 │ │ 356241 │ 214563 │ │ 536421 │ 124653 │ │ 356412 │ 126435 │ │ 536142 │ 216453 │ │ 531624 │ 261435 │ │ 513642 │ 264153 │ │ 153462 │ 624513 │ │ 154326 │ 264531 │ │ 514362 │ 624351 │ │ 541326 │ 264315 │ │ │ 624135 │ │ │ 621453 │ │ │ 612435 │ │ │ _bob_ │ │ │ 162453 │ │ │ 164235 │ │ │ 614253 │ │ │ 641235 │ │ │ 642153 │ │ │ 462513 │ │ │ _&c._ To ring 120. Every time the _half-hunt_ dodgeth before, is a warning for a _bob_ to be made the next time the _whole-hunt_ goeth to lead; as in this here prickt, where 6 is the _half-hunt_. To ring 180. Every time the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_ dodg together before, is a warning for a _bob_ to be made when next the Treble goeth to lead. To ring 360. Every time the _half-hunt_ dodgeth before, is a warning for a _bob_ to be made the next time the Treble goeth to lead, except the _quarter-hunt_ dodgeth there with it, and then not. In the 180 and 360, the 6 may be the _half-hunt_ and 5 the _quarter-hunt_, or others at pleasure. By making of two _extreams_ the 360 may be doubled; they must be made according to the rule in the _Introduction_, _page 90._ The _bobs_ in this peal may also be made at the leadings of the _whole-hunt_ as in other peals, and the bell in the fourth place to lie still at every _bob-change_. The warning for them in the 120, 180, and 360 being the same with that in the _Colledge Doubles_, _page 143._ London _Doubles._ The Treble is the _whole-hunt_; and hath a direct hunting course. When it moves down out of the fifth place the two hind-bells dodg until it comes there again, during which time the bell in the fourth place lieth still. When the Treble is behind, the two first bells make a change; but at other times the leading bell lieth still. By this method it will go _sixty_ changes, and by making of _bobs_ it will go 120, 180, or 360. At the _bob-changes_ the bell in the second place always lieth still. The warning for the _bobs_ in the 120, 180, and 360, is the same with that in _Colledge Doubles_, _p. 143._ By making of two _extreams_ it will go 720. The _extreams_ must be made according to the rule in the _Introduction_, _page 90._ In the 120 here prickt, 2 is the _half-hunt_; and in the 180 and 360, 2 and 4 may be the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_, or others at pleasure. _123456_│ 541263 │ 156342 │ —————— 213465 │ 542136 │ —————— │ 164523 231456 │ 524316 │ 134562 │ _bob_ 234165 │ 523461 │ _bob_ │ 165432 243615 │ 253641 │ 135426 │ —————— 246351 │ 256314 │ —————— │ 143652 426531 │ 265134 │ 142356 │ _bob_ 425613 │ 261543 │ 124365 │ 146325 452163 │ 216534 │ —————— │ —————— 451236 │ 126543 │ 136245 │ 132465 415263 │ 162534 │ 163254 │ 123456 145236 │ —————— │ —————— │ 154263 │ 153624 │ 125634 │ 514236 │ _bob_ │ 152643 │ _Triples, Doubles, and Singles._ _123456_│ 153462 214365 │ _bob_ 241635 │ 135426 246135 │ —————— 264315 │ 153246 623451 │ 152364 632541 │ —————— 365214 │ 125634 356124 │ 126543 351624 │ —————— 315264 │ 162453 132546 │ 164235 135264 │ —————— 312546 │ 146325 321456 │ _bob_ 324156 │ 164352 342516 │ —————— 435261 │ 146532 453621 │ _bob_ 546312 │ 164523 564132 │ —————— 561432 │ 146253 516342 │ 142635 153624 │ —————— _bob_ │ 124365 135642 │ 123456 —————— │ _Triples, Doubles, and Singles dodging behind._ _123456_│ 162345 214365 │ 126354 241356 │ —————— 243156 │ 156423 234516 │ _bob_ 325461 │ 154632 352641 │ —————— 536214 │ 134256 563124 │ 143265 561324 │ —————— 516342 │ 163542 153624 │ 136524 135642 │ —————— 316524 │ 126435 361542 │ _bob_ 365142 │ 124653 356412 │ —————— 534621 │ 154326 543261 │ 145362 452316 │ —————— 425136 │ 165243 421536 │ _bob_ 412563 │ 162534 145236 │ —————— _bob_ │ 132465 142563 │ 123456 —————— │ _Doubles, and Triples._ _123456_│ 152364 214365 │ 125346 241356 │ —————— 243165 │ 165432 234615 │ _bob_ 326451 │ 164523 362541 │ —————— 635214 │ 134256 653124 │ 143265 651342 │ —————— 615324 │ 153624 163542 │ 135642 136524 │ —————— 315642 │ 125463 351624 │ _bob_ 356142 │ 124536 365412 │ —————— 634521 │ 164352 643251 │ 146325 462315 │ —————— 426135 │ 156234 421653 │ _bob_ 412635 │ 152643 146253 │ —————— _bob_ │ 132465 142635 │ 123456 —————— │ _Single Bob._ _123456_│ 134562 214365 │ 135426 241635 │ —————— 426153 │ 125634 462513 │ _bob_ 645231 │ 152643 462531 │ —————— 645213 │ 142356 654123 │ 143265 561432 │ —————— 516342 │ 163542 153624 │ 165324 156342 │ —————— 513624 │ 125463 531264 │ _bob_ 352146 │ 152436 325416 │ —————— 234561 │ 132654 325461 │ 136245 234516 │ —————— 243156 │ 146532 421365 │ _bob_ 412635 │ 164523 146253 │ —————— _bob_ │ 124365 164235 │ 123456 —————— │ London _Bob_. _123456_│ —————— 214365 │ 162534 241356 │ 126543 423165 │ —————— 432615 │ 145623 346251 │ _bob_ 436521 │ 146532 345612 │ —————— 354162 │ 135642 531426 │ _bob_ 513462 │ 136524 154326 │ —————— _bob_ │ 125634 153462 │ 152643 —————— │ —————— 164352 │ 146253 _bob_ │ 164235 163425 │ —————— —————— │ 132465 124365 │ 123456 142356 │ —————— │ 153246 │ 135264 │ _City Bob._ _123456_│ 163425 214365 │ _bob_ 241635 │ 136452 426153 │ —————— 462513 │ 163254 645231 │ 162345 465321 │ —————— 643512 │ 126543 634152 │ 125634 361425 │ —————— 316245 │ 152436 132654 │ 154263 136245 │ —————— 312654 │ 145362 321564 │ _bob_ 235146 │ 154326 253416 │ —————— 524361 │ 145623 254631 │ _bob_ 526413 │ 154632 562143 │ —————— 651234 │ 145236 615324 │ 142563 163542 │ —————— _bob_ │ 124365 136524 │ 123456 —————— │ These six peals will each of them go _sixty_ changes without any _bob_, and by making of _bobs_ each of them will go 120, 180, and 360. In three of them, _viz._ _Triples Doubles_ and _Singles_, _Single bob_, and _City bob_, at the _bob-changes_ the bell in the fourth place always lyeth still; whereas at the rest of the changes which are made at the leadings of the _whole-hunt_, the bell in the second place lieth still. And in the other three peals, _viz._ _Triples doubles and singles dodging behind_, _Doubles and Triples_, and _London Bob_, at the _bob-changes_ the bell in the second place always lieth still, whereas at the rest of the changes that are made at the leadings of the _whole-hunt_, the bell in the fourth place lieth still. The warning for the _bobs_ in the 120, 180, and 360, in each of these _six_ peals is the same with that in the 120, 180, and 360 in _Colledge Doubles_, _p. 143._ Each of these peals will go 720 with two _extreams_, which must be made according to the rule in the _Introduction_, _page 90._ In the 120 of each there prickt, _viz._, in _City Bob_, _London Bob_, and _Triples doubles_ and _singles_, the 2 is the _half-hunt_, and in the other three peals the 3 is the _half-hunt_. In the 180 and 360 of each peal, the 2 and 4 may be the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_, or others at pleasure. _New Bob._ _Triples and Doubles._ The general method of this Peal is the same with _Grandsire Bob_, and the _bobs_ also made as in that peal. It will go 120, 180, or 240, and by making of two _extreams_ it will go 360 or 480; and with six _singles_ it will go 720. To ring 120. Every time the _half-hunt_ dodgeth behind a _bob_ must then be made. To ring 180. Every time the _half_ and _quarter-hunt_ dodg together behind, a _bob_ must then be made; and by making of two _extreams_ it will go 360. The first _extream_ may be made at the first, second, or third _bob_; observing to make the second _extream_ at the third following _bob_ from the first _extream_, where the _singles_ in both must be made behind. To ring 720. The _bobs_ throughout the peal are made by the same rule as in the 120, but farther observing, when the _whole_ and _half-hunts_ come together before, if the _quarter-hunt_ lieth either in the third or fourth places, then a _single_ must be made betwixt the two next _extream_ bells to the _quarter-hunt_. The 2 may be the _half-hunt_ and 4 the _quarter-hunt_, or others at pleasure. _Colledge Little Bob, dodging behind._ _Triples and Doubles._ The Treble is the _whole-hunt_, and hath a direct hunting course. When it moves down out of the fifth place, the two hind-bells dodg until it comes there again. All the bells have a direct hunting course, but observing, that when any bell moves up into the fourth place, if the Treble is then any where below it, it lies there twice, and then moves down again. By this method it will go _sixty_ changes; and by making of _bobs_ it will go 120, 180, or 360. At every _bob-change_ the bell in the second place lieth still. The warning for the _bobs_ is the same with that in _Colledge Doubles_, _page 143._ And the two _extreams_ in the 720 must be made according to the rule in the _Introduction_, _page 90_. _123456_│ 162345 214365 │ 126354 241356 │ —————— 423165 │ 156423 432615 │ _bob_ 346251 │ 154632 364521 │ —————— 635412 │ 134256 653142 │ 143265 561324 │ —————— 516342 │ 163542 153624 │ 136524 135642 │ —————— 316524 │ 126435 361542 │ _bob_ 635124 │ 124653 653214 │ —————— 562341 │ 154326 526431 │ 145362 254613 │ —————— 245163 │ 165243 421536 │ _bob_ 412563 │ 162534 145236 │ —————— _bob_ │ 132465 142563 │ 123456 —————— │ In the 120 here prickt, 3 is the _half-hunt_; and in the 180 or 360, 2 and 4 may be the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_, or others at pleasure. _This peal in practice will be found very plain and easie, and also good Musick._ _Colledge Little Bob, dodging before and behind._ _Triples and Doubles._ The Treble hath a direct hunting course, and when it moves up out of the second place, the two first bells dodg until it comes there again; and also when it moves down out of the _5th_ place, the two hind-bells dodg until it comes there again. Every bell that moves up into the fourth place, if the Treble is any where below it, lies there twice and then hunts down; and also every bell that moves down into the third place, if the Treble is any where above it, lieth there twice, and then hunts up behind. By this method it will go _sixty_ changes, and by making of _bobs_ it will go 120, 180, or 360. At every _bob-change_ the bell in the second place lieth still. The 2 is the _half-hunt_ in the 120 here prickt, and 2 and 4 may be the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_ in the 120 and 360, or others at pleasure. _123456_│ _bob_ 214365 │ 156342 241356 │ —————— 423165 │ 134562 243615 │ _bob_ 426351 │ 135426 246531 │ —————— 425613 │ 142356 245163 │ 124365 421536 │ —————— 412563 │ 136245 145236 │ 163254 154263 │ —————— 512436 │ 125634 521463 │ 152643 254136 │ —————— 524316 │ 164523 253461 │ _bob_ 523641 │ 165432 256314 │ —————— 526134 │ 143652 251643 │ _bob_ 215634 │ 146325 126543 │ —————— 162534 │ 132465 —————— │ 123456 153624 │ The warning for the _bobs_ is the same with that in the _Colledge Doubles_, _p. 143_. And the two _extreams_ in the 720 must be made according to the general rule in the _Introduction_, _page 90_. _Court Bob._ _Triples_ and _Doubles._ The Treble hath a direct hunting course. Every bell that comes before and behind makes a _Dodg_, then lieth still, and so moves away, except the bell that lieth still behind when the treble leads, and also that bell which leads when the Treble lieth behind, both which do dodg before and after their lying still, and then move away. When the treble leads and lieth behind, the _double_ is made on the four middle bells. By this method it will go _sixty_ changes; and with _bobs_ it will go 120, 180, or 360. At the _bob-changes_ the bell in the fourth place lieth still. _123456_│ 165324 214365 │ 156234 241356 │ —————— 423165 │ 143265 243615 │ 134625 426351 │ —————— 462531 │ 152643 645213 │ _bob_ 465123 │ 125634 641532 │ —————— 614523 │ 143652 165432 │ 134562 156342 │ —————— 513624 │ 126543 531642 │ _bob_ 356124 │ 162534 536214 │ —————— 352641 │ 143526 325461 │ 134256 234516 │ —————— 324156 │ 165243 231465 │ 156423 213456 │ —————— 124365 │ 132465 _bob_ │ _bob_ 142356 │ 123456 —————— │ To ring 120. Every time the _half-hunt_ maketh a change next the _whole-hunt_, a _bob_ must then be made, as in this here prickt, where 2 is the _half-hunt_. To ring 180. Every time the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_ make a change together next the _whole-hunt_, a _bob_ must then be made. To ring 360. Every time the _half-hunt_ maketh a change next the _whole-hunt_ a _bob_ must then be made, except when a _quarter-hunt_ makes a change there with it, and then not. In the 180 and 360 2 and 4 may be the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_ or others at pleasure. The two _extreams_ in the 720 must be made according to the rule in the _Introduction_. The first _extream_ may be made either first, second, or third time that the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_ make a change together in the second and third places at the leading of the _whole-hunt_; and then the second _extream_ must be made the third time following that those two bells make a change there again, the _extreams_ being there made in the fourth and fifth places, and the _singles_ in the second and third places. Every time the Treble leads, the _double_ may as well be made on the four hind-bells, and the _bobs_ to be made as before; but the warning for them the same with _Colledge Doubles_. _Five Colledge Bobs._ In these five peals, the Treble is the _whole-hunt_, and hath a like dodging course in all of them. The general method of the five peals is as follows: _viz._ _Colledge Bob the first._ When the Treble moves down out of the fifth place, the two hind bells dodg until it comes there again. Every bell leads twice, and then hunts up into the fourth place, unless the dodging course of the Treble hinders it, where it lieth twice and then moves down again; except the bell that dodged with the Treble before, and also that which leads when the Treble lieth still behind, both which hunt directly up. When the Treble moves down from dodging in the third and fourth places, the bell that dodged there with it continues in those two places, lying twice together in each by turns until the Treble comes to dodg there with it again. _Colledge Bob the second._ Every bell when it comes to lead makes a dodg before, then it lyeth still one change, then it makes another dodg, and so moves up into the fourth place where it lieth still twice, and then down again; except it dodgeth with the Treble in the fourth place, and then it hunts up behind. But when the Treble moves down out of the third place, the two bells in the third and fourth places continue there until the Treble comes up there again, during which time the two hind-bells dodg. _Colledge Bob the third._ When the Treble leaves leading, the two first bells dodg until it comes to lead again; except when the Treble dodgeth behind, for then the two first bells lie still. When the Treble leaves the two hind-bells, they lie still one change, dodg the next, and so by turns until the treble comes there again. The two middle bells always dodg until the Treble hindereth them. _Colledge Bob the First._ _123456_│ 435216 214365 │ _&c._ 124356 │ 163542 213465 │ _bob._ 231456 │ 165324 324165 │ —————— 321456 │ 123564 234165 │ _bob._ 243615 │ 125346 426351 │ —————— 462315 │ 143526 643251 │ 134562 634521 │ —————— 365412 │ 165432 356421 │ 156423 534612 │ —————— 543162 │ 124653 451326 │ 142635 453162 │ —————— 541326 │ 136245 514362 │ _bob._ 153426 │ 132654 513462 │ —————— 154326 │ 156234 145362 │ _bob._ 413526 │ 152643 143562 │ —————— 415326 │ 146253 451362 │ 164235 543126 │ —————— 541362 │ 132465 453126 │ 123456 _Colledge Bob the Second._ _123456_│ 543216 214365 │ _&c._ 124356 │ 153624 213465 │ _bob_ 231645 │ 135642 326154 │ —————— 231654 │ 153462 326145 │ _bob_ 362415 │ 135426 634251 │ —————— 364215 │ 153246 632451 │ 152364 623541 │ —————— 265314 │ 125634 625341 │ 126543 263514 │ —————— 236154 │ 162453 321645 │ 164235 236145 │ —————— 321654 │ 146325 312564 │ _bob_ 135246 │ 164352 315264 │ —————— 132546 │ 146532 135264 │ _bob_ 312546 │ 164523 132564 │ —————— 315246 │ 146253 351426 │ 142635 534162 │ —————— 351462 │ 124365 534126 │ 123456 _Colledge Bob the Third._ _123456_│ 462513 214365 │ _&c._ 123465 │ 165432 214356 │ _bob_ 241365 │ 156423 423156 │ —————— 241356 │ 143526 423165 │ _bob_ 243615 │ 134562 426351 │ —————— 423615 │ 152364 246351 │ 153246 423651 │ —————— 246315 │ 126543 243651 │ 125634 426315 │ —————— 246135 │ 164235 421653 │ 162453 246153 │ —————— 421635 │ 143652 412653 │ _bob_ 146235 │ 134625 412635 │ —————— 146253 │ 165324 142635 │ _bob_ 416253 │ 156342 142653 │ —————— 416235 │ 132546 461253 │ 135264 642135 │ —————— 461235 │ 124365 642153 │ 123456 _Colledge Bob the Fourth._ _123456_│ 462513 214365 │ _&c._ 124356 │ 165432 213465 │ _bob_ 231456 │ 156423 324165 │ —————— 321456 │ 143526 234165 │ _bob_ 243615 │ 134562 426351 │ —————— 246315 │ 152364 423651 │ 153246 246351 │ —————— 423615 │ 126543 243651 │ 125634 426315 │ —————— 462135 │ 164235 641253 │ 162453 642135 │ —————— 461253 │ 143652 416235 │ _bob_ 142653 │ 134625 412635 │ —————— 146253 │ 165324 142635 │ _bob_ 416253 │ 156342 146235 │ —————— 412653 │ 132546 421635 │ 135264 246153 │ —————— 241635 │ 124365 426153 │ 123456 _Colledge Bob the fourth._ When the Treble leaves the two hind bells, they dodg until it comes there again; and then the two first bells dodg until the Treble gives way for the two hind bells to dodg again, and then the two first bells cease dodging. _Colledge Bob the Fifth._ _123456_│ 632514 214365 │ _&c._ 124356 │ 163542 213465 │ _bob_ 231456 │ 136524 324165 │ —————— 321456 │ 163425 234165 │ _bob_ 324615 │ 136452 236451 │ —————— 234615 │ 163254 326451 │ 162345 234651 │ —————— 326415 │ 126543 324651 │ 125634 236415 │ —————— 326145 │ 152436 231654 │ 154263 236145 │ —————— 321654 │ 145362 312645 │ _bob_ 136254 │ 154326 316245 │ —————— 132654 │ 145623 136245 │ _bob_ 312654 │ 154632 132645 │ —————— 316254 │ 145236 361245 │ 142563 632154 │ —————— 631245 │ 124365 362154 │ 123456 _Colledge Bob the fifth._ When the Treble leaves the two hind bells, they dodg until it comes there again. And when it leaves the two first bells they lie still one change, dodg the next, and so by turns until it comes down there again; during which time the bells in the third and fourth places dodg except when the Treble hindereth them. By these methods each of them will go 120 changes, and by making of _bobs_ they will go 240, 360, or 720. In the first of them the bell in the second place lieth still at the _bob_-changes, and in the other four the bell in the fourth place always lieth still. To ring 240. Every time the _half-hunt_ dodgeth behind a _bob_ must then be made, as in these peals here prickt; where, in the first peal the 4 is the _half-hunt_, and in the other four peals the 2 is the _half-hunt_. To ring 360. Every time the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_ dodg together behind, a _bob_ must then be made. To ring 720. Every time the _half-hunt_ dodgeth behind a _bob_ must then be made, except when the _quarter-hunt_ dodgeth there with it, and then not. In the 360 or 720 of each peal the 2 may be the _half-hunt_, and 4 the _quarter-hunt_ or others at pleasure. _The Experiment._ _Triples and Doubles._ The Treble is the _whole-hunt_, but never hunteth up farther than the fourth place, for the four first bells go _Doubles and Singles_; and every time the Treble leads an _extream_ is made in the third and fourth places, according to the common course of _doubles_ and _singles_ upon, four bells; which course of _doubles_ and _singles_ must be continued, the two hind bells in the mean time dodging, until the making of the first _Parting_ change, which will separate the two hind bells; and then the four first bells go the same course of _doubles_ and _singles_ again, the two hind bells dodging as before, until the making of the second _Parting_ change, and so successively. The _Parting_ change is a _double_ change on the four middle bells, and made at the leading of the Treble. The first _Parting_ change may be made either at the first second or third leading of the _Treble_, observing, that whatsoever bell in the first _Parting_ change moves down to the Treble, when the Treble leads and that bell lieth next it again, the second _Parting_ change must then be made. And whatsoever bell in the second _Parting_ change moves down to the Treble when the Treble leads, and that bell lieth next it again, the third _Parting_ change must then be made, and so successively. There being five _Parting_ changes in the Peal, and as many _half-hunts_, each of the bells (the Treble excepted) taking that place one after another; and consequently, the five persons that ring them must call the _Parting_ changes one after another as their turn comes, according to the aforesaid rule. _Changes upon Seven Bells._ The methods upon _five_ may be prickt upon _seven_, observing but the true difference of proportion in the changes; that is, _doubles_ upon _five_ bells must be _triples_ upon _seven_; _doubles_ and _singles_ upon _five_ must be _triples_ and _doubles_ upon _seven_, _&c._ _Plain Triples._ All the bells have a direct hunting course. All peals upon _six_ bells wherein half the changes are _triples_, will go upon _seven_ according to this method here prickt; two of the changes upon _six_ being always made at the leadings of the Treble, the six hindmost bells making them: the first is a _triple_ change brought in by the course of the bells, and the next must either be _double_ or _single_ according to the method of the changes upon _six_. _1234567_ 2143657 2416375 4261735 4627153 6472513 6745231 7654321 7563412 5736142 5371624 3517264 3152746 1325476 _Dodging Triples._ _Triples_ and _Doubles_ upon _six_ may also go upon _seven_, according to this method here prickt, but in the same manner as the former. _1234567_ 2143576 2415367 4251376 4523167 5432617 4523671 5432761 4523716 5432176 5341267 3514276 3152467 1325476 1352746 _Colledge Bob Triples._ _1234567_│ 6745312 2135476 │ 7654132 2314567 │ 7561423 3241657 │ 5716243 3426175 │ 5172634 4362715 │ 1527364 4637251 │ 1253746 6473521 │ Every time the Treble leaves leading, the bell in the third place lieth still, whilst the four hind bells dodg; but otherwise all the bells have a direct hunting course as Plain _Triples_. By this method it will go _seventy_ changes, and by making of _bobs_ it will go 350. The rule for the _bobs_ is this; when the Treble goeth to lead, if the _half-hunt_ lying before gives it place, then a _bob_ must be made at that change, wherein the bell in the third place lieth still, and the four hind bells dodg; so that at every _bob_ the four hind bells make two dodges before they part. By making of two _extreams_ it will go 700, and with four _extreams_ it will go 1400. But by making of intervening _bobs_ it will go 700 compleat _triples_ without any _extream_; 1400 with two _extreams_, and 2800 with four _extreams_. Any bell may be made a _half-hunt_. _Colledge Bob, Triples: the second way._ _1234567_│ 4536271 │ 7162534 │ 7326145 2135476 │ 5463721 │ 1726354 │ 3762415 2314567 │ 5647312 │ 1273645 │ 3674251 3241576 │ 6574132 │ 2176354 │ 3425167 │ 6751423 │ 2713645 │ 4352617 │ 7615243 │ 7231654 │ When the Treble leaves leading, the two hind bells dodg until Treble parts them; but in all other respects ’tis the same with the former, and the _bobs_ made in the same manner, and by the same rule as in that peal, and it will go as many changes also as that. _Colledge Triples, dodging behind._ _1234567_│ 5346271 │ 7165324 │ 3675124 2143576 │ 3564721 │ 1756342 │ 6357214 2415367 │ 3657412 │ 1753624 │ 6532741 4251376 │ 6375142 │ 7135642 │ 4523167 │ 6731524 │ 7316524 │ 5432617 │ 7613542 │ 3761542 │ _Colledge Triples, dodging before and behind._ _1234567_│ 2436571 │ 4126753 │ 4726153 2143576 │ 4263751 │ 1462735 │ 7462513 2415367 │ 2467315 │ 1467253 │ 4765231 4251376 │ 4276135 │ 4176235 │ 2453167 │ 2471653 │ 4712653 │ 4235617 │ 4217635 │ 7421635 │ Each of these two peals by the method here prickt will go _Eighty four_ changes; and then when the Treble leads, and the _half-hunt_ lieth next it, a _Parting_ change being then made, they will go 420. And by making of _bobs_ they will go 5040. 2 may be the _half-hunt_, or any other at pleasure. The _Parting_ change is a _double_ on the four middlemost of the six hind bells. ’Tis plainly demonstrable, that the _Principle_ upon _five_ may go 420 _triples_ upon _seven_, which is a twelfth part; 840, which is a sixth part; or 1260, which is a fourth part of the whole, and the utmost period of _triple_ changes. And then by making of four _extreams_ it may go 5040, the compleat peal. Great variety of peals may be prickt upon seven: as _Triples_, _Triples and Doubles_, _Triples Doubles and Singles_; _Doubles_, _Doubles and Singles_, _&c._ But changes upon _seven_ being seldom practised, I will therefore forbear to wast more paper in pricking down examples, and proceed to the changes on _eight_. _Changes upon Eight Bells._ _Sixscores_ upon _five_ bells are commonly rung upon _eight_, three bells lying behind. The most musical to lie behind are 218, 418, 148, 248, 348, 468, 648, 548, 864, 241, 321, and 135 to be laid behind, and then 1 and 3 to dodg throughout the peal. And also 184 to be laid behind, and to go the six changes thus, 814. 841. 481. 418. 148. 184. 814. &c. and so on to the end of the _sixscore_. They may go the _sixes_ either at whole or half-pulls. Peals upon _six_, as _Triples_ and _Doubles_, _&c._ make exceeding good musick upon _Eight_, 48. 68. 41. or 18. lying behind. Or else _Triples_ and _doubles_ upon the six middle bells, the Treble leading, and the Tenor lying behind. And also _Triples_ upon _seven_, the Tenor lying behind. But for such as have not yet attain’d the skill to ring these compleat peals, _Sett-changes_ are very proper for them, being easie and rung with little difficulty. _Colledge Grounds._ The _grounds_ of these _sett-changes_ are of two kinds. First, placing of the bells _Fifths_, or secondly _Thirds_. To place them _fifths_; the 4 must hunt up behind the 7, the 3 behind the 6, and the 2 behind the 5. Or else the 5 may hunt down under the 2, the 6 under 3, and the 7 under 4. Or otherwise, first a _single_, then a _double_, and then a _triple_ change to be made on the middlemost bells, all which are to one effect; for then the bells will lie _fifths_ thus, 15. 26. 37. 48. Here are four _Concords_ to be chiefly regarded in the peal. The first is 15. the second 26. the third 37. and the fourth is 48. These four _Concords_ may go the methods of any changes upon four bells; 1.5 being taken for the Treble, 2.6 for the Second, 3.7 for the Third, and 4.8 for the Fourth; and the _Concords_ to change places with each other at pleasure. Wherein ’tis observable, that the two notes of every _Concord_ must constantly attend each other in their motion; that is, whensoever one of the two notes moves, the other must follow it. For example: admit they were to go the _twenty four_ changes, and that 1.5 were to hunt up over 2.6, 3.7, and 4.8. first therefore it must move up over 2.6, wherein it makes four changes: for first, the 5 moves up over the 2 thus, 12563748, the 1 must follow it thus, 2156.37.48. Then the 5 moves up over 6. 2165.37.48. the 1 follows it again 26.15.37.48; here the two _Concords_ have made a change. In which manner also 1.5 must move up over 3.7. and 4.8. And in this manner are the _Concords_ to move and change places with each other throughout the peal. Or secondly, to place the bells _thirds_, the 64 and 2 must hunt up, or else the 357 down; or otherwise a _triple_, a _double_, and a _single_ change to be made on the middlemost bells; all which are to one and the same effect, for then the bells will lie _thirds_ thus, 13.57.24.68. Here are also four _Concords_ principally to be regarded in the peal: the first is 1.3, the second 5.7, the third 2.4, and the fourth 6.8. These four _Concords_ may also go the methods of any changes upon four bells, 1.3 being taken for the _treble_, 5.7 for _second_, 2.4 for the _third_, and 6.8 for the _fourth_, and they must move in the same manner as before I have shewed. By these _Grounds_ great variety of excellent and Musical changes are to be rung. If they go the _twenty four_, then the peal will consist of four times that number, that is, _ninety six_ changes. But they may go only the first eight changes of the _twenty four_, and then the peal will consist of _thirty two_. Or else the first eight changes of a _twenty four_ doubles and Singles, which will consist of _forty eight_ if the double changes of the _twenty four_ are singled, otherwise but _thirty two_ as before. Any _Concord_ may be made a _hunt_ and to move either up or down at the beginning: so that these _Grounds_ afford great diversity. In the ringing of these _Sett-changes_ the notes will lie sometimes _fifths_, sometimes _thirds_, and sometimes _thirds_ and _fifths_, and then ’tis pleasant Musick to _Clam_ them, that is, the two notes of each _Concord_ to strike together; and if they are _clam’d_ true, the eight bells will strike as if they were but four, but with far greater harmony. They may _Clam_ two or three bouts, and then strike open as many, and so alternately; or else they may _Clam_ one pull, open the next, and so on. To reduce the notes of the _fifths_ to their right places again at the conclusion of the peal, either 234 must hunt down, or else 765 up; or otherwise a _Triple double_ and _single_ change to be made on the middlemost bells, all which are to one effect, and will bring the bells round. To reduce the _thirds_ either move down 246 into their places, or else move up 753 into theirs; or otherwise make _single_, _double_, and _triple_ change on the middlemost bells; all which are to one effect, and will bring the bells again round. The methods of all peals upon _six_ bells may be prickt upon _eight_, observing but proportion in the changes, according to the difference in the number of bells, _viz._ _Triples_ and _doubles_ upon _six_ must be _quadruples_ and _triples_ upon _eight_. _Doubles_ upon _six_ must be _Triples_ upon _eight_, _&c._ _Bob-Major._ _12345678_ 21436587 24163857 42618375 46281735 64827153 68472513 86745231 87654321 78563412 75836142 57381624 53718264 35172846 31527486 13254768 13527486 _Plain Quadruples_ and _Triples_. All the bells have a direct hunting course until the Treble leads, and then the six hindmost bells dodg. By this method it will go 112. And by making of _bobs_ it will go 224, 336, or 672. The _bob_ is a _triple_ change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in the _4th_ place lieth still. To ring 224. Every time the _half-hunt_ dodgeth behind, a _bob_ must then be made. To ring 336. Every time the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_ dodg together behind, a _bob_ must then be made. To ring 672. Every time the _half-hunt_ dodgeth behind, a _bob_ must then be made, except when the _quarter-hunt_ dodgeth there with it, and then not. The 2 may be the _half-hunt_, and 4 the _quarter-hunt_, or others at pleasure. By making of two _extreams_ it will go 1344, and with four _extreams_ it will go 2688. All peals upon _six_ bells wherein half the changes are _triples_, will go upon _eight_ according to the method before prickt, but after this manner. If it is a peal upon _six_, which consists of 360 or 720 changes, then in the ringing of it upon _eight_ there must be five _hunts_. The Treble may be the first _hunt_; 2 the second _&c._ Now the method of the peal must go on according to that before prickt until the Treble leads, and the 2 lie next it, and then two of the changes upon _six_ are always made, the six hind bells making them: the first is always a _triple_ change brought in by the course of the bells thus, 12436587, and the second either _double_ or _single_ according to the method upon _six_; and the _third_ _fourth_ and _fifth_ Hunts in eight, are the _whole_ _half_ and _quarter-hunts_ in the changes upon _six_. By this method it will go 40320 compleat, but then every _112th_ change will be a _double_, and sometimes _single_ in some peals. The bells may be brought round at 672 in some peals, but in others not till 1344. _Colledge Bob-Major._ _The │ _The │ _The │ _The first._ │ second._ │ third._ │ fourth._ │ │ │ _12345678_│_12345678_│_12345678_│_12345678_ 21436587 │ 21436587 │ 21436587 │ 21436587 24163578 │ 24163578 │ 24135678 │ 24135678 42615387 │ 42615387 │ 42316587 │ 42316587 46251378 │ 24651378 │ 43261578 │ 24361578 64523187 │ 42563187 │ 34625187 │ 42635187 65432817 │ 24536817 │ 36452817 │ 24365817 56348271 │ 42358671 │ 63548271 │ 42638571 53684721 │ 24385761 │ 65384721 │ 24368751 35867412 │ 42837516 │ 56837412 │ 42637815 38576142 │ 24873156 │ 58673142 │ 24367185 83751624 │ 42781365 │ 85761324 │ 42631758 87315642 │ 24718356 │ 87516342 │ 24613785 78136524 │ 42173865 │ 78153624 │ 42167358 71863542 │ 41237856 │ 71856342 │ 41263785 17685324 │ 14328765 │ 17583624 │ 14627358 16758342 │ 13482756 │ 15786342 │ 16423785 _Quadruples and Triples._ The _first_ hath single dodging behind; the _second_ single dodging before and behind; the _third_ double dodging behind; and the _fourth_ double dodging before and behind. It may also be prickt a _fifth_ way, _viz._ with single dodging before, and double dodging behind. And likewise a _sixth_ way, _viz._ with doubled dodging before, and single dodging behind. The dodging is without intermission except when Treble hindreth, and also betwixt two bells until Treble parts them. By this method each of them will go 112, and by making of _bobs_ they will go 224, 336, or 672. The _bobs_ are _triple_ changes at the leadings of the Treble; in the _first_ _second_ and _sixth_ the bell in the _4th_ place lieth still at the _bobs_, and in the _third_ _fourth_ and _fifth_ the bell in the _2d_ place lieth still. The warning for the _bobs_ is the same with that in _Bob-major_ next before. And the _extreams_ made as in that peal, 2 may be the _half_ and 4 the _quarter-hunt_ in the four first, or others at pleasure. _Colledge Triples, dodging before and behind._ _12345678_│ 42587613 21435687 │ 24578163 24153678 │ 42571836 42513687 │ 24517863 24531678 │ 42157836 42536187 │ 41275863 24563817 │ 14725836 42568371 │ 17452863 24586731 │ By this method it will go 112, and by making of _bobs_ it will go 224, 336, or 672. The _bob_ is a _triple-change_ at the leadings of the Treble, wherein the bell in the _4th_ place lieth still. The warning for the _bobs_ is the same with that in _Bob-major_, and the _extreams_ also the same as in that peal. The 2 may be the _half-hunt_, and 4 the _quarter-hunt_, or others at pleasure. _The Wild-Goose Chase._ _12345678_ 21536784 25163748 52613784 56231748 65327184 63572814 36752841 37625481 73265418 72356148 27531684 25713648 52173684 51237648 15327684 13572648 31752684 37125648 73215684 72351648 _Triples._ The _fourth_ bell must first hunt up into the _7th_ place and then the 4 and 8 continually dodg behind throughout the peal, except when the Treble hindreth them. The bell that moves up into the _6th_ place when the Treble moves down from thence, lieth still there until the Treble displaceth it; during which time the two hind bells dodg, and the five first go a perfect hunting course. And also when the Treble moves up out of the _5th_ place, the five first bells go a hunting course until it comes down there again. By this method it will go _eighty_ changes, and by making of _bobs_ it will go 160, 240, or 480. The _bob_ is a _triple_ change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in the _4th_ place lieth still. To ring 160. Every time the _half-hunt_ maketh a change in the _2d_ and _3d_ places, a _bob_ must at the same time be made. To ring 240. Every time the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_ make a change together in the second and third places, a _bob_ must then be made. To ring 480. Every time the _half-hunt_ maketh a change in the second and third places, a _bob_ must then be made, except when the _quarter-hunt_ makes a change there with it, and then not. The 2 may be the _half-hunt_, and 6 the _quarter-hunt_, or others at pleasure. _Colledge Triples, dodging behind._ _12345678_│ 62345178 21435687 │ 26431587 24153678 │ 24613578 42513687 │ 42163587 45231678 │ 41236578 54326187 │ 14326587 53462817 │ 13462857 35642871 │ 31642875 36524781 │ 36124857 63254718 │ 63214875 The method of ringing this peal is the same in all respects with that next before, with this only difference. Every time the _whole-hunt_ leads, the _triple_ change is here made on the six middle bells, which parts the two hind-bells, and so introduceth them by degrees into the body of the peal. By this method it will go 112, and by making of _bobs_ it will go 224, 336, or 672. The _bob_ is a _triple_ change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in the _6th_ place lieth still. The warning for the _bobs_ in the 224 is the same with that in the 160 next before. In the 336 ’tis the same with that in the 240 next before. And in the 672 ’tis the same with that in the 480 next before. 2 may be the _half-hunt_ and 5 the _quarter-hunt_, or others at pleasure. _The Grand Experiment._ _Quadruples and Triples._ The Treble is the _whole-hunt_, but never hunteth up farther than the sixth place; for the six first bells go _triples_ and _doubles_, it matters not of what sort, provided that the _double_ changes at the leadings of the Treble are always made on the four hindmost of the six bells; which course of _triples_ and _doubles_ must be continued, the two hindmost of the eight bells in the mean time dodging until the first _Parting_ change is made, which will separate the two hindmost bells; and then the six first bells go the same course of _triples_ and _doubles_ again, the two hindmost bells in the mean time dodging as before, until the second _Parting_ change is made, and so successively. The _Parting_ change is a _triple_ change on the six middle bells, and made at the leadings of the _whole-hunt_. The first _Parting_ change may be made either at the first second third fourth or fifth leading of the Treble; observing, that whatsoever bell in the first _Parting_ change moves down to the Treble, when the Treble leads and that bell lieth next it again, the second _Parting_ change must then be made. And again, whatsoever bell in the second _Parting_ change moves down to the Treble, when the Treble leads and that bell lieth next it again, the third _Parting_ change must then be made, and so successively; there being seven _Parting_ changes in the peal, and as many _half-hunts_, each of the _seven_ bells taking that place one after another. So that the seven persons that ring the _2d_, _3d_, _4th_, _5th_, _6th_, and _7th_ bells, must call the _Parting_ changes one after another, according as the aforesaid rule directs them: or else he that rings the Treble may do it, but not so well as the rest. To ring it with such peals upon six bells which consist of single courses, it will go 420; with double courses 840. This peal may also be rung _triples_, that is, the six first bells to go _doubles_, the two hind bells in the mean time dodging, and the _Parting_ changes to be made as before. But in ringing it with such Peals of _Triples_ and _Doubles_, or else _Doubles_ upon six bells, where the _double_ change at every leading of the Treble is made in the _2d_ _3d_ _5th_ and _6th_ places, there, whatsoever two bells lie next the Treble at the first _Parting_ change, the same two bells will lie next it at every _Parting_ change, which will be a rule for calling them, there being only five _Parting_ changes in it, which are _triples_ as before. The first _Parting_ change may also here be made either the first second third fourth or fifth time the Treble leads. If it is rung with peals upon _six_ bells, consisting of single Courses, it will then go 300, with double Courses 600. This peal may also be rung by _Concatenating_ of divers kinds of methods. For as the peal consists of several parts, _viz._ from one _Parting_ change to the next, being accounted a compleat part; so each part may be rung by a different method from the rest. For any peals upon six bells, whether _doubles_, or _triples and doubles_, consisting either of single or double Courses, may indifferently be rung together in this peal, succeeding each other in the several parts of it, and at every _Parting_ change a new method to begin. Or else any two of them to succeed each other alternately throughout the parts of the peal, or more or less at pleasure. But still observing, that all that are rung together in one peal must be such, where the _doubles_ at the leadings of the Treble are made on the four hindmost of the six bells; or else all of them such, where the _doubles_ at the leadings of the Treble are made in the second and third, and the fifth and sixth places. If they are of the first kind, then there will be seven _Parting_ changes in the peal, and as many _half-hunts_; and the _half-hunts_ must successively call the _Parting_ changes as before I have shewed: if of the later kind, then but five _Parting_ changes, which must be call’d by the same rule as before I have shewed in ringing it with one peal of this kind. And also observing, if the first _Parting_ change is made at the first second third or fourth leading of the Treble, then whatsoever method it goes at first, it must also go the same again after the last _Parting_ change is made. But in ringing it with peals of the first kind, the second being made the first _half-hunt_, and to call the first _Parting_ change; and with peals of the later, the _3d_ likewise: then the last _Parting_ change in either of them will conclude the peal. This peal may go the method of the _Experiment_ upon _six_ bells, _page 162_, that is, the four first bells to go the _Twenty four_ Doubles and Singles as in that peal; and the four hindmost bells in the mean time to dodg double. The _Parting_ changes are _triples_ on the middle bells, and the same rules observed in making and calling them, as in that peal: but here are seven of them in this, and 168 changes. The _Experiment_ upon _six_ may also be rung _Comprehensively_ herein. The six first bells to go that compleat peal, the two hindmost of the eight bells in the mean time dodging; and every time the _3d_ bell comes to call the _Parting_ change on six, then instead of it a _Grand_ change must be made, that is, a _triple_ on the six middle bells: and then the six first bells to go the compleat peal again, the two hindmost bells in the mean time dodging as before, untill the third bell calls another _Grand_ change, and so successively; there being three of them in the peal, and 360 changes. If the bells are placed 23567148 at the beginning, the 4.8 will dodg behind the first _sixscore_ of it, 4.1 the second, and 1.8 the third, and then the _5th_ may call the _Grand_ changes in the place of the _3d_; or any other three bells may be laid behind at first, for the sake of Musical dodging. The first _Grand_ change may be made either at the first second third fourth or fifth _Parting_ change, observing, that whatsoever bell at the first _Grand_ change should then in course have call’d a _Parting_ change, every time that bell comes to call a _Parting_ change, it must call a _Grand_ change in the place of it: or else any one of the six first bells (the _whole-hunt_ excepted) may be appointed beforehand to attend the calling of the _Grand_ changes, observing, that every time that bell comes to call a _Parting_ change, a _Grand_ change must be call’d in the place of it. _Imperial Bob._ _Quadruples and Triples._ The Treble hath a dodging course. The two first and two last bells always dodg until the Treble hindreth them, and in the mean time the two next bells to those dodging bells do lie still one change, dodg the next, and so by turns until the Treble also hindreth them. And the two bells in the fifth and sixth places whilst the Treble is behind, and those in the _3d_ and _4th_ places when ’tis before dodg, until Treble likewise hindreth them. By this method it will go 224, and by making of _bobs_ it will go 448, 672, or 1344. The _bob_ is a _triple_ change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in the fourth place lieth still. _12345678_│ 42361875 │ 16847253 │ 14283675 21436587 │ 24368157 │ 16482735 │ ———————— 12346578 │ 42631875 │ ———————— │ 18645273 21435687 │ 24613857 │ 18765432 │ 18462537 24136578 │ 42168375 │ _bob_ │ ———————— 42315687 │ 24618357 │ 17864523 │ 16587432 24135678 │ 42163875 │ ———————— │ _bob_ 42316587 │ 41268357 │ 16573824 │ 15684723 24361578 │ 14623875 │ _bob_ │ ———————— 42635187 │ 41263857 │ 15678342 │ 18753624 24631578 │ 14628375 │ ———————— │ _bob_ 42365187 │ 14263857 │ 17352648 │ 17856342 24635817 │ 41628375 │ 17536284 │ ———————— 42368571 │ 14268357 │ ———————— │ 15372846 24365817 │ 41623875 │ 13274586 │ 15738264 42638571 │ 46128357 │ 13725468 │ ———————— 24365871 │ 64213875 │ ———————— │ 13254768 42638517 │ 46123857 │ 12438765 │ 13527486 24635871 │ 64218375 │ 12347856 │ ———————— 42368517 │ 46281357 │ ———————— │ 12436587 24638157 │ _&c._ │ 14826357 │ 12345678 To ring 448. Every time the _half-hunt_ dodgeth behind a _bob_ must then be made, as in this here prickt, where 2 is the _half-hunt_. To ring 672. Every time the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_ dodg together behind, a _bob_ must then be made. To ring 1344. Every time the _half-hunt_ dodgeth behind a _bob_ must then be made, except when the _quarter-hunt_ dodgeth there with it, and then not. The 2 and 4 may be the _half_ and _quarter-hunts_, others at pleasure. NOTTINGHAM _Peals_. Nottingham _Mixt Peal_. 1.6.2. _123456_ 214365 241635 426153 462513 645231 654321 563412 536142 351624 315264 132546 132564 —————— The Changes are plain _Trebles_ and _Doubles_ until the Treble leads, and then a _single_ change is always made. The Peal called _Old Doubles and Singles_ upon five bells is the ground of this Peal, every _single_ in this peal being the _single_ in that. For as in that peal the _whole-hunt_ is one of the two bells that make every _single_; so likewise in this, the 6 being the _half-hunt_, is one of the two bells that makes every _single_ change herein, except when it lieth next the _whole-hunt_, and then the _single_ is behind; but when 2 lieth also next the 6, then _extream_ in the fourth and fifth places. Nottingham _Trebles and Doubles_. 1.2.3. _123456_ 214365 241356 423165 432615 346251 364521 635412 653142 561324 516342 153624 135264 312546 321564 The ordinary course is to move directly, except when the _whole-hunt_ passes either out of or into the _second_’s place, and then constantly dodg behind. There are single and double _bobs_; the _bob_ is a _double_ change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in the _4th_ place lieth still. When the third _hunt_ dodges behind, the second _hunt_ then leading, is a warning for the single _bob_ to be made at the next leading of the Treble. And when the second and third _hunts_ dodg together behind, is a warning for the double _bob_ to be made at the two next leadings of the Treble. The two _extreams_ in the 720 must be made according to the general rule in the _Introduction_, _p. 90_. Nottingham _Single Bob_. 1.5.2. _123456_ │ 341265 214365 │ 314625 241635 │ 136452 426153 │ _bob_ 462513 │ 163425 645231 │ 614352 654213 │ 641532 562431 │ 465123 526413 │ 456132 254631 │ 541623 245361 │ 514263 423516 │ 152436 432156 │ 154263 One time the Treble hunts quite up, the next time only up into the fourth place, and so by turns, as in the example here prickt. The bells observe the course of the Treble, and also dodg it being before; and once in 120 changes _bob_, when that bell which is nominated for the second _hunt_ lying behind twice, meets with the third _hunt_ when the first _hunt_ is going to lead. The second and third _hunts_ are both one. The first _single_, │The second _single_. 124365 │ 123465 124356 │ 123456 Nottingham _Bob. 1 and 2._ The Treble hath a dodging course, and every time it leads, the _double_ is on the four middle bells, except the _bobs_ which are made in the _2d_ and _3d_, and the _5th_ and _6th_ places. The _bobs_ are single and double. When the _whole-hunt_ leads and the _half-hunt_ lieth behind, is a warning for a double _bob_ to be made at the two next leadings of the Treble, there being but three changes betwixt the two _bobs_. And when the _half-hunt_ lieth in the first and second places for twenty changes together, is a warning for a single _bob_ to be made the second time the Treble leads. The _extreams_ must be made according to the general rule in the _Introduction_, _page 90_. _123456_│ 523614 │ 412635 │ 562314 │ 162453 214365 │ 526341 │ 146253 │ 653241 │ 126543 241635 │ 253614 │ _bob_ │ 635421 │ 215634 426153 │ 235164 │ 164235 │ 364512 │ 216543 421635 │ 321546 │ 612453 │ 365421 │ 125634 246153 │ 325164 │ 621543 │ 634512 │ 152364 264513 │ 231546 │ 265134 │ 643152 │ 513246 625431 │ 213456 │ 261543 │ 461325 │ 624513 │ 124365 │ 625134 │ 463152 │ 265431 │ 142635 │ 652314 │ 641325 │ 256341 │ 416253 │ 563241 │ 614235 │ Redding _Bob_. _123456_│ 324516 214365 │ 234561 124356 │ 325416 213465 │ 235146 231456 │ 321564 324165 │ 235164 231465 │ 321546 324156 │ 312564 234516 │ 135246 325461 │ 315264 235416 │ 132546 324561 │ 135264 235461 │ The treble hath a dodging course, and when it moves up out of the _2d_ place the two first bells dodg until it comes there again; and when it moves down out of the _5th_ place, the two hind bells dodg until it comes there again, except only whilst it dodgeth in the _3d_ and _4th_ places, and then the two hind bells lie still. When the Treble lieth behind the _double_ is on the four first bells; and when it leadeth on the four last. By this method it will go 120, and by making of _bobs_ it will go 240, 360, or 720. At the _bobs_ the bell in the _4th_ place lieth still. The rule of calling the _bobs_ is the same with that in the _Colledge Bobs_, _page 162_. Redding _Bob according to the_ Cambridg _way_. _123456_ 214365 124356 213465 231456 324165 321456 —————— —————— 231654 236145 321654 312645 136254 316245 132654 136245 This is the same with the former, excepting only the _double_ changes which are made when the Treble dodgeth in the _3d_ and _4th_ places, both in hunting up and down; which are here made on the four hind bells, whereas in that they were made on the four first bells: so that here the two hind bells dodg without intermission until the Treble hindreth them. This will also go 240, 360, and 720, and the _bobs_ made by the same rule as the former. [Illustration: [Fleuron]] _Fifteen_ OXFORD _Peals_. _Adventure. 1 and 2._ _12345_ │ 35142 │ 12453 │ 15243 21435 │ 31542 │ ————— │ 15423 24135 │ 35124 │ 14235 │ 14532 21453 │ 31524 │ 14325 │ 14352 24153 │ 13254 │ 13452 │ ————— 42513 │ 13524 │ 13542 │ 13425 42531 │ 15342 │ ————— │ 13245 45213 │ 15432 │ 15324 │ 12354 45231 │ ————— │ 15234 │_Extr._ 54321 │ 14523 │ 12543 │ 12345 54312 │ 14253 │_Extr._ │ 53421 │ 12435 │ 12534 │ 53412 │_Extr._ │ ————— │ _Doubles and singles._ Every bell leads four times. The Treble hath a dodging course; and is one of the two bells which makes every _single_ change except when it leads, and then ’tis made in the _3d_ and _4th_ places; but when the 2 lieth next it, an _extream_ behind. _Camelion. 1 and 2._ _12345_│ 45213 21354 │ 45123 23145 │ 41532 23415 │ 14523 24351 │ 14253 42531 │ ————— Every time the Treble hunts up and down, it makes a _single_ in the third and _4th_ places, and when it leads the _single_ is there also; but when 2 lies next it, then an _extream_ behind. Every bell except the Treble leads four times. _Medley. 1 and 5._ _12345_│ 54132 21354 │ 54123 21345 │ 51432 23154 │ 51423 23145 │ 15243 32415 │ 15234 34215 │ 12543 32451 │ 12534 34251 │ ————— 43521 │ 14352 45321 │ 14325 43512 │ 13452 45312 │ 13425 _Doubles and Singles._ The treble leads four times, lieth behind as many, and twice in every other place. Every other bell leads four times. Every _single_ is made behind, except when the Treble is either in the fourth or fifth places, and then in the second and third places. Every time the Treble goeth to lead and leaves leading, the _double_ is on the two first and two last bells, except when the treble goeth to lead if the _5th_ gives it place, and then the _double_ is made on the four first bells. Oxford _Paradox_. _1 and 5._ _12345_│ 54312 21435 │ 54132 21345 │ 45312 23154 │ 45132 23514 │ 41523 32154 │ 41253 32514 │ 14523 35241 │ 15423 35421 │ 14532 53241 │ 15432 53421 │ _Doubles and singles._ Every bell leads four times, and lieth behind as many. Every _single_ is made in the third and fourth places until the Treble leads, and then in the second and third places: but when the Treble leads and the fifth lieth behind, then the _extream_ in the third and fourth places. _Halliwell. 1 and 2._ _12345_│ 54312 21354 │ 45312 21345 │ 54132 23154 │ 54123 23145 │ 51432 32415 │ 51423 23415 │ 15432 32451 │ 15423 34251 │ 14532 43521 │ 14523 45321 │ ————— Treble leads four times, lies behind as many, and twice in every other place. When it leaves the two hind bells, they dodg until it comes there again, except when it leads and 2 lies next it, for then an _extream_ is made in the third and fourth places. Oxford _Sixscore_. _12345_│ 32514 21345 │ 32154 23145 │ 31254 23415 │ 13254 23451 │ 13524 32541 │ The Treble hath a direct hunting course, as in plain changes; and the changes are all _single_ except when the Treble lieth behind, and then a _double_ is made on the four first bells; and when it leads, the _single_ is in the third and fourth places, but when 2 lieth next it an _extream_ behind. _Fortune. 1 and 2._ _12345_│ 13254 21354 │ ————— 23145 │ 14523 32415 │ 14532 34251 │ ————— 43521 │ 12354 45312 │_Extr._ 54132 │ 12534 51423 │ ————— 15432 │ 14352 15423 │ 14325 ————— │ ————— 13245 │ _&c._ _Doubles._ The Treble is a perfect hunt, and when it leaves the two hind bells they dodg until it comes there again. Every bell leads twice, and then hunts directly up, unless the aforesaid dodging hindreth them. Every time the Treble leads, a _single_ is made behind, except when 2 lieth next it, and then an _extream_ in the third and fourth places. Oxford _Single Bob. Triples, Doubles, and Singles. 1. 2. and 3._ _123456_ 214365 241356 423165 432615 346251 364521 635412 653142 561324 516342 153624 156342 513624 531642 356124 365214 The Treble hath a direct hunting course; and when it leaves the two hind bells they dodg until it comes there again. Every bell leads twice, and then hunts directly up, unless the aforesaid dodging hindreth them. When the Treble leads, the _double_ is on the four hind bells. By this method it will go _sixty_ changes, and by making of _singles_ it will go 120, 240, 360, or 720. The _singles_ in the 120, 240, and 720, must be made by the same method with those in _Old Triples and Doubles_, _page 109_. And to ring 360, every time the 1.2 lie together before, the _single_ must be made behind; and when 1.2.3 lie together there, then the _single_ in the fourth and fifth places. Oxford _Double Bob. Triples, Doubles, and Singles._ _123456_│ 246135 214365 │ 421653 241356 │ 412635 423165 │ 146253 243615 │ 142635 426351 │ 416253 243651 │ 461235 426315 │ When the Treble leaves the two first bells, they dodg until it comes there again; but in all other respects ’tis the same with the former. And the _singles_ in the 120, 240, 360, and 720, to be made as in that Peal. Oxford _Single Bob_. The method of this Peal is the same in all respects with _Oxford Single Bob, Triples Doubles and Singles_, excepting the _bobs_ in this peal, which are made in stead of the _singles_ in that. By making of _bobs_ it will go 180 or 360. The _bob_ is a _double_ change at the leading of the Treble, wherein the bell in the fourth place lieth still. To ring 180, there must be a _whole_ and _half-hunt_; and when the _whole-hunt_ is before and the _half-hunt_ behind, the next change is to be a _bob_. To ring 360, there must be a _whole_, _half_, and _quarter-hunt_, _viz._ First, when the _whole-hunt_ comes to lead, and the _half-hunt_ to fall behind, the next change is a _bob_: and Secondly, when the _whole-hunt_ leads before the _quarter-hunt_, and the _half-hunt_ is in the fifth place, the next change is also a _bob_. The 1 and 5 may be the _whole_ and _half-hunts_ in the 180, and 1.5.3 the _whole_, _half_, and _quarter-hunts_ in the 360, or others at pleasure. Oxford _Double Bob_. The method of this peal is the same in all respects with _Oxford double Bob_ before, excepting the _bobs_ in this peal, which are made instead of the _singles_ in that. The _bobs_ are here made in the same manner, and call’d by the same rule in the 180 and 360, as in _Oxford single Bob_ next before; and the two _extreams_ in the 720, both in this and the last peal, must be made according to the general rule in the _Introduction_. Oxford _Triple Bob_. _123456_ 214365 124356 213465 231456 324165 321456 234165 243615 426351 423615 246351 264531 625413 624531 265413 256143 521634 526143 251634 215643 126534 216543 125634 152364 513246 153264 512346 521364 The Treble is the _whole-hunt_, and hath a dodging course. When it leaves the two hind bells, they dodg until it leads, and then a _double_ is made on the four middle bells, which parts the two hind bells; but then the two hind bells dodg again until the Treble displaceth them. Every bell leads twice (except when the Treble dodgeth there) and as they hunt up and down do make a dodg in the third and _4th_ places. When the Treble moves up from dodging before, the bell that dodged there with it continues in the first and _2d_ places, lying twice together in each, until the Treble comes down to dodg there with it again. By this method it will go 120, and by making of _bobs_ it will go 360. At the _bobs_ the bell in the fourth place lieth still. The warning for them is this, When the _half-hunt_ leads, and the Treble moves down, and dodgeth there with it, a _bob_ must then be made at that leading of the Treble. The 3 may be the _half-hunt_, or any other. Oxford _Triple Bob, the second way_. _123456_│ 254613 214365 │ 245163 124356 │ 421536 213465 │ 425163 231645 │ 241536 326154 │ 214356 321645 │ 123465 236154 │ 213456 263514 │ 124365 625341 │ 142635 623514 │ 416253 265341 │ 146235 256431 │ 412653 524613 │ 421563 526431 │ 245136 This peal is in all respects the same with that next before, except the _double_ change which is made when the Treble moves up out of the second place, and also down into that place again, which is here made on the four middle bells, and consequently parts the two hind bells, which in the former peal continued dodging together. This will also go 360, the _bobs_ being made, in the same manner, and also the warning for them the same, as in the former peal. Oxford _Riddle, or the Hermophrodite_. Treble is the _whole-hunt_; whilst ’tis hunting up the two last bells dodg, and whilst _123456_│ 341652 214365 │ 314562 241356 │ 135426 423165 │ 134562 432615 │ 315426 346251 │ 351462 432651 │ 534126 346215 │ 543216 436125 │ ’tis hunting down the two first. Every time it leads and lieth behind, the _double_ is made on the four farthest bells from it. Every bell leads twice and lieth behind twice, except the dodging hinder. By this method it will go _sixty_ changes _triples_ and _doubles_, and then by making of _singles_ as in _Old triples_ and _doubles_, it will go 120, 240, or 720. _My Lord. 144._ _123456_ 213465 231456 324156 342516 432561 423651 243615 234165 321465 312456 132465 123645 —————— _Doubles._ _Treble_ is a perfect Hunt. Every bell leads twice, and then moves up into the third place where it lieth twice, and then moves down again except the motion of the Treble hindreth. When the Treble goeth to lead and leaves leading, the _double_ is on the two first and two last bells; and when it leadeth, ’tis on the four middle bells. But when it leadeth, and the 6 lieth behind, then a _single_ in the third and fourth places. If a _double_ be made on the four hind bells, at every third leading of the Treble it will go 180 compleat _doubles_; and then by making of two _singles_ it will go 360, or with four _singles_ 720. * * * * * _Seventeen Peals composed at_ CAMBRIDGE, by Mr. S.S. _My Honey. 1 and 2._ _12345_│ 31254 │ 54321 21354 │ 31245 │ 45231 21345 │ 13254 │ 54231 23154 │ ————— │ 45213 23145 │ 13524 │ 54213 32415 │ 15342 │ 45123 23415 │ ————— │ 45132 32451 │ 15432 │ 41523 23451 │ 51423 │ 41532 32541 │ 51432 │ 14523 23541 │ 54123 │ ————— 32514 │ 54132 │ 14253 23514 │ 45312 │ 12435 32154 │ 54312 │ ————— 32145 │ 45321 │ 12453 In this peal there is a _whole-hunt_ and an _half-hunt_. The _whole-hunt_ lieth always four times before, and four times behind, and twice in every other place. The two hindmost bells always dodg ’till the _whole-hunt_ hindreth, except when the _whole-hunt_ is before, at which time there are four changes made of a four and twenty _doubles_ and _singles_; the first of which is a double change brought in by the course of the bells (as in the following peal appeareth) 13254; the second is a _single_ in the third and fourth places (13524); the third is a _double_ on the four last (15342), and the fourth a _single_ again in the third and fourth places (15432), except when the _half-hunt_ is with the _whole-hunt_ before, then it is to be an _extream_ behind. When the _whole-hunt_ leaves the _third’s_ place hunting up, the two formost bells dodg till it returns into the same place again. _The Whirligigge. 1 and 5._ In this peal, first the bells dodg behind (and not before) till the _whole-hunt_ hindreth them; and the next course they dodg in like manner before (and not behind) till the _whole-hunt_ hindreth them; and so by turns throughout the whole peal. When the _whole-hunt_ is before, if the bells were dodging behind before it came to lead, single behind; if they were dodging before, single in _second_’s and _third_’s place; and when the _whole-hunt_ leads, and _half-hunt_ is in _Tenor_’s place, there is always an _extream_ to be made in _3d_ and _4th_ place, which is every fourth time the _whole-hunt_ leads. 21354│51243│31245│41352 23145│52134│32154│43125 32415│25314│23514│34215 34251│52341│25341│43251 43521│25431│52431│34521 45312│52413│54213│43512 54132│25143│45123│34152 51423│21534│41532│31425 15432│12354│14523│————— 15423│13254│14532│13425 _Jack-on-both-sides. 1 and 5._ 21354│45132│52143│32514│23451│53421 23145│54312│25413│23541│32541│35412 32415│45321│52431│32451│23514│53142 34251│54231│25341│34215│32154│51324 43521│45213│52314│43125│31245│15234 34512│54123│25134│41352│13254│————— 43152│51432│21543│14325│13524│15243 41325│15342│12534│14235│31542│51423 14352│—————│12354│41253│35124│ 14532│15324│21345│42135│53214│ 41523│51234│23154│24315│35241│ In this peal the bells always dodg both before and behind, till the _whole-hunt_ hindreth them; except when both the Hunts are together either before or behind; for then the two farthest bells from the Hunts do leave dodging for the next change onely which is always a _double_ made by the two Hunts and the two next bells to them. The _singles_ and _extreams_ are made as in the _Old Doubles_. Winwick _Doubles_. _1 and 3._ In this peal, first, the two hindmost bells dodg till the _whole-hunt_ hindreth them, till the first _single_ is made: and then the two formost bells dodg ’till the _whole-hunt_ hindreth them, until there be made another _single_, and so they continually dodg successively throughout the whole peal. There are six _singles_ which are made in the same manner as in St. _Dunstan’s Doubles_, _page 127_. 21354│41532│31254│41523 23145│45123│32145│45132 32415│54213│23415│54312 34251│52431│32451│45321 43521│25341│23541│54231 45312│23514│32514│45213 54132│32154│23154│54123 51423│31245│21345│51432 15432│13254│12435│15342 14523│—————│14253│————— │13524│ │15324 _Non-such. 1 and 2._ In this peal the bells always dodg both behind and before till the _whole-hunt_ hindreth them, except when both the Hunts are together either behind or before: for then the bells omit dodging for the next change, as in _Jack-on-both-sides_. There are four _singles_ which are all made in the _3d_ and _4th_ places every third time that the _whole-hunt_ leads. 21435│25134│32415│53214│54231│34521 24153│52314│23451│35241│45321│35412 42513│25341│32541│53421│43512│53142 24531│52431│23514│54312│34152│51324 42351│25413│32154│45132│31425│15342 24315│52143│31245│41523│13452│————— 42135│51234│13254│14532│14325│15432 41253│15243│—————│15423│41352│ 14235│12534│13524│51432│43125│ 12453│21354│31542│54123│34215│ 21543│23145│35124│45213│43251│ Cambridg _Delight_. _2 and 4._ In this peal the two hindmost bells always dodg till the _whole-hunt_ hinders them. When the _whole-hunt_ leaves the _thirds_ place hunting up, the two foremost bells dodg till the _half-hunt_ hinders them, whose course is the same with the course of the _half-hunt_ in _Grandsire_. There are two _singles_ which are made by the same rule as in _Grandsire_. 13254│15243│14235│45231 31524│12534│41325│42513 13542│21543│43152│24531 31452│25134│34512│25413 34125│52143│35421│52431 43215│51234│53241│54213 42351│15324│52314│45123 24315│51342│25341│41532 23451│15432│23514│14352 32415│14523│32541│13425 34251│41253│35214│31245 43521│42135│53124│32154 45312│24153│35142│23145 54132│21435│53412│————— 51423│12453│54321│23154 Cambridg _Delight, another way_. _1 and 4._ 21354│51234│31524 23145│52143│35142 32415│25413│53412 34251│24531│54321 43521│42351│45231 45312│43215│42513 54132│34125│24153 51423│31452│21435 15432│13425│12453 14523│14352│14235 41532│41325│41253 45123│43152│42135 54213│34512│24315 52431│35421│23451 25341│53241│32541 52314│35214│23514 25134│53124│32154 21543│51342│31245 12534│15324│13254 15243│13542│————— │ │13245 In this peal the two hindmost bells always dodg till the _whole-hunt_ hinders, as in the former Peal. When the _half-hunt_ leaves the _3ds_ place hunting up, the two foremost bells dodg till the _whole-hunt_ hinders. It differeth from the former peal in this; That whereas in that the bells always begin to dodg before when the _whole-hunt_ leaves _third’s_ place, and are parted by the _half-hunt_; in this they begin to dodg before when the _half-hunt_ leaves the _third_’s place, and are parted as well before as behind by the _whole-hunt_. It differeth also, in that the _half-hunt_ in this peal always bobbeth behind on the contrary stroke to what it doth in the former peal; there are two _singles_, which are made as in the former peal. _The Dream, upon five bells. 1 and 2._ In this peal the two hindmost bells always dodg till the _whole-hunt_ hinders, except when the two Hunts are together before. Or it may be rang by making the two foremost bells dodg always, except the Hunts be together behind. There are six single changes which are all behind every other time the _whole-hunt_ leads, the _half-hunt_ at every _single_ lying either in the _2d_ or _3ds_ places. 21435│51342│41235│53142 24153│53124│42153│35412 42513│35214│24513│34521 45231│32541│25431│43251 54321│23451│52341│42315 53412│24315│53214│24135 35142│42135│35124│21453 31524│41253│31542│12543 13542│14235│13524│————— 15324│—————│15342│12534 │14253│51324│_&c._ _The Contention upon five bells. 1 and 2._ In this peal, the two hindmost bells dodg as in the former peal till the Hunts are together before for twenty changes; and then for the next twenty changes the two formost bells dodg, except the Hunts are together behind. There are six _singles_ which are made as in the former peal. 21435│51342│41523│41235 24153│53124│45132│42153 42513│35214│54312│24513 45231│32541│53421│42531 54321│23451│35241│24351 53412│24315│53214│42315 35142│42135│35124│24135 31524│41253│31542│21453 13542│14235│13452│12543 15324│—————│14325│————— │14253│ │12534 │ │ │_&c._ _The Cheat. 1 and 3._ In this peal the two hindmost bells always dodg ’till the _whole-hunt_ hinders, and the two foremost bells dodg ’till either the _whole_ or _half-hunt_ hinders. Or on the contrary, the two foremost bells may dodg ’till the _whole-hunt_ hinder, and the two hindmost ’till either the _whole-hunt_ or _half-hunt_ hinder. Or it may be rang a third way, by joining both these courses together, ringing twenty changes of it one way, and the next twenty changes the other way throughout the peal. There are six _singles_ which are all made behind, every second time the _whole-hunt_ leads; or at pleasure it may be rang with twelve _singles_, which are likewise all made behind. 21354│41532│31542│51243 23145│45123│35124│52134 32415│54213│53214│25314 34251│45231│52341│23541 43521│54321│25431│32451 45312│53412│52413│34215 54132│35142│25143│43125 51423│31524│21534│41352 15432│13542│12543│14325 14523│—————│15234│————— │13524│ │14352 │ │ │_&c._ _Topsie-turvie. 1 and 2._ 21354│41532│31542│21453 23145│45123│35124│24135 32415│54213│53214│42315 34251│45231│35241│24351 43521│54321│53421│42531 45312│53412│35412│24513 54132│35142│53142│42153 51423│31524│51324│41235 15432│13542│15234│14325 14523│—————│12543│————— │13524│ │14352 │ │ │_&c._ _Jumping Doubles dodging before._ _12345_│ 31254 │ 54132 │ 24513 │ 53241 │ 43521 21534 │ 23145 │ 45213 │ 42351 │ 35421 │ 34215 52143 │ 32514 │ 54321 │ 24531 │ 53214 │ 43152 25314 │ 23451 │ 45231 │ 42315 │ 35142 │ 31425 52431 │ 32541 │ 54312 │ 24153 │ 51324 │ 13254 25341 │ 23415 │ 45123 │ 41235 │ 15432 │ ————— 52413 │ 32154 │ 51432 │ 14352 │ 14523 │ 13245 25134 │ 21345 │ 15243 │ 13425 │ 41352 │ _&c._ 51243 │ 12453 │ 12534 │ 31542 │ 34125 │ 15324 │ 14235 │ 21453 │ 53124 │ 43512 │ 13542 │ 41523 │ 42135 │ 35412 │ 34251 │ In this peal every change is a jumping change (in which one bell leaps over two bells at once,) except when the Treble is either behind or before, for then there is always a plain _double_ change made, or else a _single_ at the end of each sixty changes. Treble is a perfect Hunt; the two foremost bells always dodg until the Treble hinder. When the Treble is hunting up, the jumping changes are all made by the bell in the Tenor’s place, jumping into _third’s_, except only that one when Treble goeth out of _second’s_ place into _third’s_; for then the bell in the _3ds_ place jumps into Trebles, where it dodgeth with the bell in the _2ds_ place till Treble hinder. When Treble is hunting down every jumping change is made by the bell in the _3ds_ place jumping into Tenor’s, except when it goeth out of _third’s_ place into _second’s_, for then the bell in Treble’s place jumps into _3ds_. And observe always, that when Treble is going to lead the first time, the bell in Tenor’s place jumps into _third’s_, and the next time the bell in the _third’s_ place into Tenor’s throughout the peal. There are two _singles_ which are made, as in _Grandsire_. _Jumping Doubles dodging behind._ In this peal Treble is a perfect Hunt, as in the former. The two hindmost bells always dodg till Treble hinders. When Treble is hunting up the bell in _thirds_ place always jumps into Treble’s, excepting only when Treble goeth out of _third’s_ place into _fourth’s_; for then the bell in Tenor’s place jumps into _3ds_. And observe, that every second time the Treble goeth out of _4th_ into _5ths_ place, the bell in Treble’s place jumps into _3ds_; whereas at other times at the same change the bell in _3ds_ place jumps into Treble’s. When Treble leaves the _5ths_ place hunting down, the bell in the _3ds_ place jumps into Treble’s; when she leaves _4ths_ place the bell in _3ds_ place jumps into Tenor’s. When she is either in the _2d_ or _3ds_ places hunting down, the bell in the Treble’s place jumps into _3ds_. There are two _singles_ made, as in the former Peal. _12345_│ 31425 │ 52143 │ 24513 │ 25341 │ 34251 31254 │ 43152 │ 25314 │ 45231 │ 52431 │ 23415 23145 │ 34215 │ 32541 │ 54321 │ 45213 │ 32154 32514 │ 42351 │ 23451 │ 35412 │ 54132 │ 21345 53241 │ 24531 │ 42315 │ 53124 │ 41523 │ 13254 35421 │ 52413 │ 24153 │ 31542 │ 15432 │ ————— 43512 │ 25134 │ 41235 │ 15324 │ 14523 │ 13245 34125 │ 51243 │ 12453 │ 13542 │ 51432 │ _&c._ 41352 │ 12534 │ 14235 │ 51324 │ 45123 │ 13425 │ 15243 │ 21453 │ 35142 │ 54312 │ 14352 │ 21534 │ 42135 │ 53214 │ 43521 │ _Symphonie, upon six bells. 1. 2. and 3._ In this peal are 720 changes, all _doubles_ except twelve _singles_, which are made as in plain _Trebles and Doubles_ on six bells. The two hindmost bells always dodg till the _whole-hunt_ hinders them, except when a _single_ is made in the _4th_ and _5th_ places. When the _whole-hunt_ leaves the _4ths_ place hunting up, the two foremost bells dodg till it leaves the same place again hunting down: but it may be rang at pleasure to make the bells dodg perpetually before as well as behind, by making in every twelve changes two Trebles, one of them when the _whole-hunt_ leaves the _3ds_ place hunting up, and the other when it leaves the _4ths_ place hunting down; so that there will be in the whole peal Sixscore _Treble-changes_. When the _whole-hunt_ is behind, the four foremost bells dodg; when the _whole-hunt_ is before, the four hindmost dodg. 213465│316254│615342│514623│412536 231456│361245│651324│541632│421563 234165│362154│653142│546123│425136 324615│632514│563412│456213│245316 234651│362541│653421│546231│425361 326451│635241│564321│452631│243561 236415│365214│654312│542613│423516 326145│635124│564132│452163│243156 321654│631542│561423│451236│241365 312645│613524│516432│415263│214356 132654│163542│156423│145236│124365 136245│165324│154632│142563│—————— │ │ │ │124635 │ │ │ │_&c._ _Grandsire upon Symphonie. 1. 2. and 6._ This peal of _Symphonie_ may be rang with but two single or two treble changes at the end of either _Eighteenscore_, by ringing it with single and double _bobs_ as in _Grandsire Bob_. The rule for calling the _bobs_ in this peal is the very same as in _Grandsire Bob_, but when the _bob_-changes are to be made, the Hunts do not lie in the same order as in _Grandsire Bob_; for in this peal at a single _bob_ the _whole-hunt_ leads, the _half-hunt_ in the _5th_ place, and the _quarter-hunt_ in the _4th_ place. And at the first _bob_ of a double _bob_ the _half-hunt_is in Tenor’s place, and _quarter-hunt_ in _2ds_ place; and at the later _bob_ the _half-hunt_ is in the _5th_ place, and _quarter-hunt_ in _2ds_ place, just contrary to what it is in _Grandsire Bob_. I have prickt this peal with two Treble changes in every twelve; so that if you make two Trebles more at the end of either _Eighteenscore_ (which must be made when the _whole-hunt_ is going to lead just two changes sooner than if you should have made a _single_) there will then be in the whole 720 just Sixscore and two Treble changes. 213465│316254│316542│316425│612354 231456│361245│361524│361452│621345 324165│632154│635142│634125│263154 234615│362514│365412│364215│623514 324651│632541│635421│634251│263541 236451│365241│364521│362451│625341 326415│635214│634512│632415│265314 236145│365124│364152│362145│625134 321654│631542│631425│631254│261543 312645│613524│613452│613245│216534 132654│163542│163425│163254│126543 136245│——————│——————│162345│125634 │136524│136452│ │_&c._ _Trebles and Doubles on six Bells with six Singles. 1. 2. and 3._ 214365 │321456 │153462 │164352 │ 241635 │234165 │—————— │—————— │ 426153 │243615 │135426 │146532 │ 462513 │426351 │—————— │145623 │ 645231 │462531 │153246 │—————— │ 654321 │645213 │152364 │154263 │ 563412 │654123 │—————— │152436 │ 536142 │561432 │125634 │—————— │ 351624 │516342 │126543 │125346 │ 315264 │153624 │—————— │ ——│_sing._ 132546 │_bob._ │162453 │125364 │ 135264 │135642 │164235 │ _&c._ │ 312546 │—————— │—————— │ │ │ │146325 │ │ │ │_bob._ │ │ This peal is taken out of the _Dream upon five bells_. Every time the _whole-hunt_ is before, there being two changes of that peal made in this. Every bell is a perfect Hunt, when the _whole-hunt_ is before dodg on the four hindmost, except the _half-hunt_ be either in the _5th_ or Tenor’s place, then always _bob_ as in _Grandsire Bob_, except the _quarter-hunt_ lieth next to the _half-hunt_, for then it is always to be a dodg on the four hindmost. Every other time that the _whole-hunt_ and _half-hunt_ come together before, there is _single_ which is always made behind. _A Twelvescore Trebles and Doubles._ _upon Six Bells._ 214365│234165│261453│156423 241356│324156│216435│165243 423165│231465│124653│—————— 243156│213456│214635│615234 421365│124365│126453│165324 412356│——————│162435│—————— 143265│142635│614253│163542 142356│416253│612435│136452 413265│461235│164253│—————— 431256│642153│146235│316425 342165│641235│412653│136245 432156│462153│142563│—————— 341265│426135│——————│132654 314256│241653│145236│123564 132465│421635│154326│—————— 134256│246153│——————│213546 312465│264135│514362│123456 321456│621453│154632│—————— │624135│——————│ In this peal the four foremost bells go a four and twenty _Doubles_ and _Singles_, observing always, That for one Four and Twenty the bell in the Treble’s place is the hunting bell, and for the next the bell in the _4ths_ place throughout the peal, the two hindmost bells always dodging till the end of the Twenty Four; at which time there is a _double_ made (if the bell in the Treble’s place was the Hunt in the Twenty Four) on the four middlemost; but if the bell in the _4ths_ place was the hunting bell, the double is to be made in Treble and _2d_ and _4th_ and _5th_ places. Cambridg _Bob_. _123456_│ 325416 214365 │ 352146 123465 │ 531264 214356 │ 532146 241365 │ 351264 423156 │ 315246 421365 │ 132564 243156 │ 315264 234516 │ 132546 325461 │ 135264 324516 │ 312546 235461 │ 135246 324561 │ 312564 235416 │ 321546 234561 │ _&c._ The Treble hath a constant dodging course; and when it leaves the two hind bells, they dodg until it comes there again, except when the Treble dodgeth before, and then they lie still. The two middle bells always dodg until the Treble comes there. When the Treble leaves dodging before, every bell leads twice, except when the Treble lieth still behind, and then the two first bells make a dodg. _Bobs_ are made as in _Grandsire Bob_, and the warning for them the same also with that. _Fourteen more Peals, composed at_ CAMBRIDGE. _Doubles and Singles on five Bells._ _The Parasite. 1 and 5._ In this peal the Bells behind always dodg, except the Treble prevents them. When Treble is leaving the _3ds_ place hunting up, the bells before dodg at whole pulls, if Tenor be not one of them, until it parts them. The course of the bells in hunting is the same with _Tendring_. _12345_│ 35241 │ 31524 │ 42531 21354 │ 35214 │ 31542 │ 42513 21345 │ 53124 │ 35124 │ 24153 23154 │ 53142 │ 35142 │ 24135 23145 │ 51324 │ 53412 │ 21453 32415 │ 51342 │ 53421 │ 21435 32451 │ 15324 │ 54312 │ 12453 23415 │ 15342 │ 54321 │ 12435 23451 │ 13524 │ 45231 │ 14253 32541 │ 13542 │ 45213 │ 14235 32514 │ │ │ _&c._ _The Tulip. 1 and 2._ 21354│51423 21345│51432 23154│54123 23145│54132 32415│45312 32451│45321 23415│54312 23451│54321 32541│45231 32514│45213 23541│54231 23514│54213 32154│45123 32145│45132 31254│41523 31245│41532 13254│14523 13524│14253 15342│12435 15432│————— │12453 │_&c._ In this peal Treble hunteth as in _Tendring._ When Treble is in _third’s_ place hunting up, the bells dodg before at whole-pulls, till it comes and parts them. When it is in _third’s_ place hunting down the bells behind always dodg, except it leadeth, till it parts them. When Treble is before there are four changes of twenty four _doubles_ and _singles_; whereof the first is brought in by the hunting of the bells. All the _singles_ in the Twenty four are made in the _3d_ and _4ths_ place, except 1–2 before, then _extream_ behind. _The Honey-suckle. 1 and 2._ In this peal every bell leads four times. While every bell but Treble is leading, the bells behind always dodg: every _4th_ change is made by the four foremost bells. When Treble is leading there are four changes of Twenty four _doubles_ and _singles_ made as in the former peal. The first change is on the four bells before. 21435│53421│51342│24351│ 21453│53412│51324│24315│ 24135│35142│53142│42135│ 24153│35124│53124│42153│ 42513│31542│35214│41235│ 42531│31524│35241│41253│ 45213│13254│32514│14523│ 45231│13524│32541│14253│ 54321│15342│23451│12435│ 54312│15432│23415│—————│ │ │ │12453│_&c._ _Peals on 5 bells, with twelve Singles._ _Blunderbus. 1——2._ In this peal every bell is a Hunt. When Treble and _2d_ are together either before or behind, the farthest bells from them dodg till either of them part, excepting the _extreams_. When the Treble is before a _single_ in _3d_ and _4th_ place, which is unmade the next time except 1——————2; for then the Hunts being together before, the bells behind must dodg according to the rule forementioned. 21354│14325│13452│51234│23154 23145│41235│13542│15324│21345 32415│42153│31452│15234│12354 34251│24513│34125│51324│12534 43521│25431│43215│53142│————— 34512│52341│42351│35412│21543 43152│53214│24531│53421│25134 41325│35124│25413│35241│_&c._ 14235│31542│52143│32514│ _Hudibras. 1 and 2._ In this peal every bell is a Hunt. When Treble is before a _single_ always in _3d_ and _4th_ place which is unmade the next time, except it be 1——2, for then the bells behind dodg until Treble parts them. 21354│15423│14532│31245│25143 23145│51243│14352│13425│21534 32415│52134│41532│13245│12354 34251│25314│45123│31425│12534 43521│23541│54213│34152│————— 45312│32451│52431│43512│21543 54132│34215│25341│45321│25134 51423│43125│23514│54231│_&c._ 15243│41352│32154│52413│ Weston _Doubles_. _1 and 5._ In this peal Treble is a perfect Hunt. Every other time Treble is leaving the _3ds_ place hunting up, the bells before dodg till it comes and parts them: the bells behind dodg but when Treble hinders them, except the _extremes_ which are in _3d_ and _4ths_ place when it is 1——2 before; all the other _singles_ are made behind when Treble is leading. It may be rang by making all the _singles_ behind, by making the change before it is 1——2 on the bells before. _12345_│ 13254 │ 51432 │ 45123 │ 32514 21354 │ 13245 │ 15423 │ 41532 │ 23154 23145 │ 31254 │ 15432 │ 14523 │ 21345 32415 │ 32145 │ 51423 │ 14532 │ 12354 23451 │ 23415 │ 54132 │ 41523 │ ————— 32541 │ 24351 │ 45312 │ 45132 │ 12534 23514 │ 42531 │ 54321 │ 54312 │ _&c._ 32154 │ 45213 │ 45231 │ 53421 │ 31245 │ 54123 │ 54213 │ 35241 │ _Peals on five bells with 10 singles._ _The Antilope._ In this peal the bells hunt as in _Grandsire_. When Treble is before, a _single_ is always made by the Tenor, and the bell which followeth it, except two _doubles_ which are made as the _singles_ in _Grandsire_. It may be rang like _Cambridg delight_ either way by observing the same method if like _Cambridg delight_ the common way; and by making the _singles_ by the _half-hunt_ and the bell before it, if like _Cambridg delight_ the other way. 21354 │ 15243 │ 34152 │ 24531 │ 53214 │ 41253 23145 │ 12543 │ 31425 │ 25413 │ 52341 │ ————— 32415 │ 21534 │ 13452 │ 52143 │ 25431 │ 15432 34251 │ 25143 │ 13425 │ 51234 │ 24513 │ 14532 43521 │ 52413 │ 31452 │ 15324 │ 42153 │ ————— 45312 │ 54231 │ 34125 │ 13524 │ 41235 │ 12354 54132 │ 45321 │ 43215 │ 31542 │ 14253 │_Extr._ 51423 │ 43512 │ 42351 │ 35124 │ 14235 │ 13245 _The Maremaid._ 13254│12435 31245│21345 32154│12354 23145│21534 21354│12543 12534│15234 15243│51243 51234│15423 52143│51432 25134│15342 21543│51324 21453│53124 │_&c._ In this peal behind dodg twelve changes, excepting the sixth which is made on the bells before, and the twelfth which is a _single_ in the _3d_ and _4ths_ places; and twelve changes before, excepting also the sixth, which is made by the bells behind, and the twelfth which is a _single_ in _2d_ and _3ds_ places. When they dodg behind, every odd change is on the last bells, and every even one a _bob_, excepting these two changes. When they dodg before, every odd change is a _bob_, and every even one on the four first bells, excepting likewise those two changes which are made according to the forementioned rule. _The Checkquer. 1 and 5._ 21354│31254 23145│13524 32415│15342 34251│51432 43521│54123 45312│45213 54132│42531 51423│24351 15432│42315 14523│24135 41532│42153 45123│24513 54213│25431 52431│52341 25341│53214 23514│35124 32154│31542 31245│13452 13254│31425 13245│13425 │_&c._ In this peal the Treble is _whole-hunt_, and Tenor the _half-hunt_ for twenty changes; and then Tenor the _whole-hunt_ and _treble_ the _half-hunt_ for the next twenty, and so they hunt by turns throughout the peal. When Treble is the _whole-hunt_ the bells behind always dodg, except it hinders them; and when Tenor is the _whole-hunt_, the bells before, except that hinders them; when Treble is before and Tenor dodging behind, a _single_ made by the Tenor and the bell which dodged with it; when Tenor is behind and Treble dodging before, a _single_ made by the Treble and the bell which dodgeth with that. 21354│12543 23145│21453 32415│24135 34251│42315 43521│43251 45312│34521 54132│35412 51423│53142 15432│35124 14523│53214 41532│35241 45123│53421 54213│54312 52431│45132 25341│41523 52314│14532 25134│15423 21543│51243 12534│15234 21534│15243 │_&c._ This peal may be rang by hunting the Treble and Tenor as before, and it differeth from it only in this; when it is 1——5 behind in the hunting of the Treble, the bells before dodg till Tenor parts them; and when it is 1——5 before, in the hunting of the Tenor the bells behind dodg till Treble parts them: and then when Treble is the _whole-hunt_ and Tenor _half_, it is plain _Cambridg delight_ inverted. It may be rang by hunting the _half-hunt_, as in _Cambridg Delight the other way_, in either of those ways of ringing it, but then the _single_ is always made by the hunting bell. An example in that like _Cambridg Delight the other way_. _Gogmagog. 1. 5._ 21354│34512│12543 23145│43152│21534 32415│41325│25143 34251│14352│52413 43521│—————│54231 45312│14325│45321 54132│41352│43512 51423│43125│34152 15243│34215│31425 12534│32451│13452 21543│23541│————— 25134│25314│13425 52314│52134│31452 53241│51243│34125 35421│15234│_&c._ In this peal the bells hunt as in _Grandsire_, and it differeth from it in this, That there is not every other time a single _bob_, but in stead of a single one every other time a double one: so that only once in four times there is a single _bob_; when Tenor is dodging behind there is always a _single_ made by it, and the bell which dodgeth with it if Treble leadeth, otherwise not. _1——4._ This peal may be rung like _Cambridg Delight_, if every other time the dodging before be omitted; or it may be rang by dodging constantly as in _Cambridg Delight_, by making double _bobs_ and single _bobs_ as in _Grandsire_: it may likewise be rang by making the course of the _half-hunt_ in all the ways of ringing it the same with _Cambridg delight the other way_; observing in all of them to make the _singles_ as before directed. An example of that like _Cambridg Delight the other way_, in which the dodging before is every other time omitted. 1——4. 21354│14523│12534│34152│25314 23145│41532│—————│31425│52134 32415│45123│12543│13452│51243 34251│54213│21534│14325│15234 43521│52431│25143│41352│————— 45312│25341│52413│43125│15243 54132│52314│54231│34215│51234 51423│25134│45321│32451│52143 15432│21543│43512│23541│ Cambridg _Marigold_. _1. 2. and 3._ 214356│312564│165432 241536│321654│164523 425136│236154│—————— 452316│263514│146253 453261│265341│142635 542361│623541│—————— 543216│625314│124365 534126│652134│124635 351426│561234│_&c._ 315246│516324│ 132546│153624│ 135264│156342│ In this peal are 720 changes, which are all _doubles_ except 12 _singles_ which are made as in Plain _trebles_ and _doubles_. _Treble_ is a perfect Hunt, and except the _dodges_ (which are the same as in _Oxford double Bob_) every double change is made by the _treble_ and the three next bells to it: observing always that the bell in _Tenor_’s place lieth still ’till it giveth place to the _Treble_, or be removed by a dodg behind when the _Treble_ is before. When _Treble_ leaveth _3ds_ place hunting up, the bell that then comes before, leads thrice, and likewise the next bell after it till _Treble_ cometh back into _3ds_ place again; at all other times every bell leads twice. The bell in Tenor’s place lieth five times behind, (and when the _single_ is made in the middle _ten_ times) till _treble_ remove it; and when _treble_ comes back it lieth five times more behind, and then is displaced by a dodg behind and hunts down at whole-pulls. This peal may be rang by making _bobs_ single and double as in _Grandsire Bob_ with but two _singles_ or two _trebles_, which must be made just Eighteen score changes one from the other. _The Nightingall. 1. 2. and 3._ In this peal are 720 changes, which are all _doubles_ except twelve _singles_, which are made as in the former peal; and if you ring _Grandsire Bob_ upon it, there may be but two singles, or else two _trebles_, as in the _Marigold_. _Treble_ is a perfect Hunt: the bells in _4th_ and _5th_ places dodg till _treble_ parts them, and then the two foremost bells do the like for eight changes together till _treble_ hinders them, and gives way to the other two bells to dodg again in the _4th_ and _5th_ places, which is always for three changes and no more, except when the _single_ is made in that place, and then they dodg six times. When _treble_ is behind, dodg the four first; when it is before on the four last, as in _Marigold_. 123456 │356241 213546 │536214 231456 │356124 324156 │531624 234516 │513264 324561 │153624 235461 │156342 325416 │—————— 235146 │165432 321546 │164523 312456 │—————— 132546 │146253 135264 │142635 315624 │—————— 351264 │124365 532164 │_sing._ 352614 │124635 532641 │—————— * * * * * FINIS. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES Page Changed from Changed to 14 1564364160 1744364160 14 29554290720 29654190720 14 2446144 2496144 14 99728079819200 99638080819200 14 1402645824276320 1402556105125320 15 561058329 561022442 15 140564582 140255610.5 18 one Load, consistng of five one Load, consisting of five hundred hundred 18 rate of thrteen shillings and rate of thirteen shillings and four pence the four pence the 21 I have therefoae penn’d the I have therefore penn’d the following Treatise following Treatise 34 cannot soon attain, are cannot soon attain, are therefore much puzled therefore much puzzled 47 which we will imagine so be made which we will imagine to be made at the at the 59 2d. 3d. 4. 2d. 3d. 4th. 59 3134 1243 2134 2134 1243 2134 64 course, threfore an extream course, therefore an extream 70 123459 —————— a 213456 123456 —————— a 213456 83 13257 15342 14523 13254 15342 14523 86 the motion of the Hunt, (which a the motion of the Hunt, (with a little further little further 88 hapens to be single, it must be happens to be single, it must be made at the made at the 97 those bels do hunt the contrary those bells do hunt the contrary way, then the way, then the 97 of the peal. If the 1 or 3d do of the peal. If the 1st or 3d do hunt hunt 98 12345 ————— 21435 24135 42315 12345 ————— 21435 24135 42315 32351 42351 100 12345 ————— 21354 23154 32513 12345 ————— 21354 23154 32514 102 13254 23245 12354 12345 13254 13245 12354 12345 104 single exery time the treble single every time the treble leads. The leads. The 106 51423 15243 12534 31543 51423 15243 12534 21543 120 31245 23254 13524 31245 13254 13524 131 54231 52413 52134 24513 42153 54231 52413 25431 24513 42153 132 third change at the heginning, third change at the beginning, and that six and that six 133 the rest of the changes there the rest of the changes there are made hehind are made behind 134 the 2d and 3d places as hefore the 2d and 3d places as before 134 he made in the 2d and 3d places be made in the 2d and 3d places as hefore as before 137 treble is the whole The treble is the whole 138 times hehind, and twice in every times behind, and twice in every other place. other place. 140 making of bobs it will making of bobs it will go 145 next time the whole-hont next time the whole-hunt 149 153624 135642 135652 —————— 153624 135642 —————— 125463 bob 125463 bob 156 165432 156342 513634 531642 165432 156342 513624 531642 356124 356124 156 165243 156423 —————— 132495 bob 165243 156423 —————— 132465 bob 168 ’Tis plainly demonstrable, that ’Tis plainly demonstrable, that he Principle the Principle 181 peal, succeding each other in peal, succeeding each other in the several the several 182 change; and with peals of the change; and with peals of the later, the 3d latter, the 3d 185 42361875 24368157 42631865 42361875 24368157 42631875 24613857 42168375 24613857 42168375 189 four middle hells, except the four middle bells, except the bobs which are bobs which are 192 42513 42531 45214 45231 54321 42513 42531 45213 45231 54321 193 45213 45123 41532 14523 14251 45213 45123 41532 14523 14253 205 dodg till the whole-hunt dodg till the whole-hunt dindreth them, till hindreth them, till 206 together either hehind or together either behind or before: for then before: for then 212 42315 24153 41231 14352 13425 42315 24153 41235 14352 13425 223 24531 25413 42143 51234 15324 24531 25413 52143 51234 15324 223 31245 13425 63245 31425 34152 31245 13425 13245 31425 34152 225 25143 52413 54131 45321 43512 25143 52413 54231 45321 43512 225 as the singles in Gransire. It as the singles in Grandsire. It may be rang like may be rang like 229 54231 45321 43521 34152 31425 54231 45321 43512 34152 31425 229 —————— 146253 142645 —————— —————— 146253 142635 —————— 1. Corrected the Errata faults. 2. Typos fixed; non-standard spelling and dialect retained. 3. Enclosed underlined numbers in _underscores_. 4. Enclosed italics font for alphabetic letters in _underscores_. *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CAMPANALOGIA *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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